Memoirs of Georgia : containing historical accounts of the state's civil, military, industrial and professional interests, and personal sketches of many of its people : vol. II

MKMOIRS
...OF..
GEORGIA
CONTAINING
HISTORICAL ACCOUNTS OF THE STATES CIVIL, MILITARY, INDUSTRIAL AND PROFESSIONAL INTERESTS, AND PERSONAL SKETCHES OF MANY OF ITS PEOPLE.
VOL. II.
ATLANTA, GA. THE SOUTHERN HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION,
1895

Copyrighted, 1895, BV
THE SOUTHERN HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION, ATLANTA, GA.

Mr*
V-L.

TABLE OF CONTENTS.

CHAPTER IV.
Literature and Journalism--John Wesley--Gen. Oglethorpe--Benjamin Martyn--Augustus Baldwin Longstreet--Richard Henry Wilde--Octavla Walton Le Vert--Francis R. Colliding--Mlrabeau Lamar--Paul Hamilton Hayne--John and Joseph Le Conte--An drew Adgate Ltpscomb--Charles Colcock Jones--Father Abram J. Ryan--Alexander Hamilton Stephens--Thomas R. R. Cobb--Henry R. Jackson--Sidney Lanler--Absalom Chappell--Augusta Evans Wilson--Harry Stlllwell Kdwards--Matt Crim--Eliza Frances Andrews--William H. Hayne--Charles W. Hubner--James R. Randall--Henry Lynden Flash--Orella Key Bell--Frank Lebby Stanton--Maria Louise Eve--Lollle Belle Wylle-- Montgomery M. Folsom--J. L. M. Curry, D. D., LL. D.--Atticus Green Haygood--"Bill ,Arp"--Walter Le Conte Stevens--William Louis Jones, M. D.--Joel Chandler Harris-- Mary E. Bryan--Prof. Wlllfam Henry Peck--James Maurice Thompson--Benjamin Harvey Hill--Isaac W. Avery--James W. Lee, D. D.--William T. Thompson--Henry Clay Fainnan--Henry D. Capers--Henry W. Hllllard--Other Writers--Georgia Gazette <-- Savannah Georgian--Savannah Museum -- The Times -- Journal, Courier, Mirror, Expressand Advertiser--The Intelligencer--Southern Miscellany--Southern Temperance Crusader--The National American--Southern Confederacy--Minor Dailies--The Consti tution--Atlanta Sun--Dead Dailies--Atlanta Journal--Evening Capitol--Other Weeklies nd Monthlies--Augusta Chronicle--Columbus Enquirer--Minor Weeklies--Augusta News--Various Newspapers--Various Publications--Henry Woodfln Grady. Page.........................................................-..-.- 1T Preface to Medical History.......................... ......................................91

CHAPTER V.

Medical History--Topography--Mountain Elevations--Temperature and Rainfall. 1878 to

1S83--Temperature and Rainfall in Cities--Winter Temperature at Noted Health Resorts

--Atmospheric Humidity--Advantages in Pulmonary Diseases--Climatologies! Distri

bution of Pulmonary Diseases--Georgia's Mild Climate--Summerville. Richmond County

--Climatic Treatment of Pulmonary Tuberculosis--Epidemics and Endemic Diseases--

History of Yellow Fever In Georgia--Savannah In 1878--The Epidemic in Other Lo

calities--Yellow Fever In Brunswick. 1876--Yellow Fever Imported--Yellow Fever In

Augusta--Macon--Jesup--Not An Endemic Disease--Scientific Quarantine Essential--

*)

Public Health Laws--Sanitation--The State Board of Health--First Year's Work--In

difference to the Laws of Hygiene--Laws Governing Practice of Medicine in Georgia-

Law of 1880--The Law Governing Medical Practice--Boards of Medical Examiners-

Medical Schools In Georgia--The Medical Society of the State of Georgia--A Migratory

Body--Every Distinguished Physician a Member--Presidents of the Medical Association

IV

CONTENTS.

of Georgia--Medical Journals--Insanity--Lunatic Asylum--Asylum Improvements--The Institution as It Now Stands--What the Asylum Coat--The Care of the Inmates--In sanity In the State of Georgia--Ratio of Insanity In Georgia.
Page............................................................................... Preface to Memoirs of Deceased Physicians........................................ ....171 Memoirs of Deceased Physicians.................................................... ...173

CHAPTER VI.
The Bench and Bar of Georgia--First Period, 1733-1752--Georgia Under the Trustees--The First Court--The Charter--Bad Appointments--Bailiffs--Thomas Causton--Causton Tri umphant--John Wesley's Love Affair--Wesley in Flight--Causton's Fall--Henry Parker --Bailiffs Quarrelsome--Frederica's Court--New Courts--William Stephens--Consolida tion of Courts--Judicial Arrangements--No Lawyers Allowed--Sundry Changes--James Habersham--More Changes--Second Period--Georgia Under the Crown, 1752-1777--The Crown Judiciary--Court of Vice Admiralty--Royal Judges--Noble Jones--Jonathan Eryan--Lawyers Allowed--William Grover--Anthony Stokes--Stokes' Treatise--"Crack er" Immigration--"Cracker" Conquest--Third Period--Georgia During the Revolution, 1777-1789--Revolutionary Court--Authority Challenged--End of Colonial Courts--Const!, tntion of 1776 -- John Glen -- Constitution of 1777 -- William Stevens -- John Wenlat -~ Aedanus Burke--Richard Howley--George Walton--William Smith--John Houstoun--. Henry Osborne--Nathaniel Pendleton--End of Third Period--Early Bar--Fourth Period --Georgia After the Revolution, 1789-1796--Judiciary Act of 1789--Superior Courts--Mid dle Circuit Created--Appellate Proceedings--Superior Court Judges--Superior Court Days--No Supreme Court--Circuit Riding--John McPherson Berrien--William Harris Crawford--John Forsyth--John M. Dooly--Andrew J. Miller--Peter Cone--William H. Underwood--Herschel V. Johnson--Fif th Period--Georgia Under a Supreme Court, 18461895--The New Supreme Court--Joseph Henry Lumpkin--Hiram Warner--Eugenius A. Nisbet--Ebenezer Starnes--Henry L. Benning--Charles J. McDonald--Linton Stephens --Richard F. Lyon--Charles J. Jenkins--Dawson A. Walker--Irerson L. Harris--Joseph E. Brown--Henry K. McCay--Osborne A- Lochrane--William W. Montgomery--R. P. Trippe--Logan E. Bleckley--James Jackson--Martin J. Crawford--Willis A. Hawkins-- Alexander M. Speer--Samuel Hall--31. H. Blandford--The Present Bench--Georgia Under a Code of Laws--Thomas R. R. Cobb--David Irwln--Eastern and Western Cir cuits Together--Eastern Circuit--Middle Circuit--Western Circuit--Ocmulgee Circuit-- Southern Circuit--Northern Circuit--Flint Circuit--Chattahoochee Circuit--Cherokee Circuit--Coweta Circuit--Southwestern Circuit--Macon Circuit--Blue Ridge Circuit-- Brunswick Circuit--Pataula Circuit--Tallapoosa Circuit--Atlanta Circuit--Rome Cir cuit--Albany Circuit--Allapaha Circuit--Augusta Circuit--Oconee Circuit--Northeastern Circuit--Stone Mountain Circuit--Tallapoosa Circuit. Page.................................................................................243

INDEX TO PERSONAL SKETCHES.

Page.
Aaron, William A........1056 Adams, Asa Li............ 669 Adama, A. P............. 311 Adams, George W........ 670 Adams, Benson W........ 718 Adams, IrbyH............ 720 Adama, John W.......... 721 Adams, Charles D........ 869 Adama, William B....... MS Adams, John.............. 964 Aldus, Solomon.......... 346 Akinu, James F........... S46 Aldna, Mallchl............ 347 Albertaon, Miles.......... 976 Albrlght, W. H........... 600 Alford, Columbus A..... .1056 Alien. Joseph V. H....... 770 Alien, Richard E......... 771 Alien, Joseph B........... 771 Alien, B. W............... 830 Allgood, E. W. Y.......... 668 Andenon. 8. M........... 443 Andei-son, Walton W..... 696 Andenon, J. C............ 641 Anderson, B, W.......... 699 Andrews, T. H........... 745 Anthony, James D....... 869 Anthony, Gabriel T...... 330 Antony, Milton........... 173 Archer, Gilbert M........ 76 Arllne. Thomas J.*....... 441 Arnold. Richard D....... 175 Arlington, W. S.......... 746 Atklnson, A............... 681 Atklnson, N. B............ 681 Abraham. A. D........... 910 Atwood, W. H............ 497 Atwood, J. A............. 499 Ausley, John C...........1047 Austin, William J........ 669 Avant, Admiral La C. R. 685 Avary, J. C............... 323 Averett. D. P............. 347 Babcock, William P...... 977 Bacon, D. C.............. 373 Bacon, Robert J.-........ 633 Bacon, George M......... 633 Bailey. J. T............... 747 Bailey. James S.......... 978 Baker. J. H............... 689 Baldwin, Andrew J....... 875 Ballantyne, Thomas...... 328 Banka. Richard.......... 177 Barfleld, J. B............. 862 Barge. John W........... 831 Barge, B. P...............1017 Barnes, George F......... 772 Barnett, Edward A...... $31 Barrett, William H...... 772 Barrett, Thomas G....... 773 Barron, James F......... 444 Barrow. Thomas......... 875

Page. Barrow, Thomas A....... 634 Baslnger, William 8...... 374 Baas, John H............. 606 Bates, Thomas J......... 607 Battle, Henry L......... 436 Battle, G. B............... 831 Beaaley, George R........ 347 Beaaley, Nathaniel R.... 570 Beatty. John P...........1018 Beauchamp, J. C......... 689 Beck, J. W................ 690 Beckcom. Alien F........ 934 Beckwlth, John W....... 376 Bell, Horatio W.......... 427 Bennett, Jesae C.......... 428 Bennett, William L....... 635 Bennett, John W........1011 Berrong, Jesse M........ 902 Blggers, Virgil............ 601 Binlon, W. W............. 748 Bird, Angus E............ 420 Bird, James.............. 421 Bird, Robinson P......... 979 Bishop, Stephen L........ 9T9 Blalock, J. M.............. 949 Blance, Joseph A......... 693 Blanchard, McDuffle..... 608 Blaalngame, Thomas J.. 690 Blasalngame, Joslah..... 964 Bleckley. Franklin A..... 743 Blltcb, James H.......... 337 Boddle, G. V............. 911 Bogle, Joseph.............1033 Bone. Henry.............. 669 Booker, Stmpson......... 331 Bowle. W. C.............. 8S4 Boyd. Marion G.......... 469 Boynton, James S........ 828 Bradley. William C...... 609 Bradley. J. M............. 965 Brannen, John F.......... 348 Brannen, Joseph A....... 349 Brannen, James A........ 349 Brazell, H. D............. 912 Brewer, Jesse C.......... 685 Brewton, David J........ S51 Brewton, Benjamin B.... 851 Brodnax. Samuel H...... 965 Brook. Charles S......... 913 Brooks. Uttleton A....... 536 Brooks. Charles G........ 581 Brooks, John N.......... 691 Brown. John G........... 601 Brown, James P.......... 699 Brown, J. W.............. 949 Brown. John B........... 960 Brunner. W. P............ 378 Bulce, William........... 529 Bullock. William G....... 179 Bulloch. Cyprian......... 602 Bullock, R. H............ 477 Bxircb, H. A..,..-.......-. 700

Page.
Burney, John W.......... 682 Burns. James C.......... 935 Burt, HUlard Z........... 483 Burt, Willis P............ 846 Burum, Peter G......... 774 Bush, Isaac............... 527 Bush, James.............. 527 Bush, Elijah B........... 528 Bush, Isaac A............. 537 Buttrill, James M......... 913 Butler, J. S............... 642 Burton, S. H............. 364 Buzton, Needham A...... 365 Bynum. William C....... 749 Cabanlas, H. H-.......... 326 Caldwell, George......... 503 Callaway, Richard D.... 831 Callaway, Marshal S..... 332 Callaway. E. H........... 365 Callaway, Morgan....... 643 Galloway. J. P............ 454 Cameron, John A......... 863 Campbell, Henry F....... 180 Campbell, N. C........... 502 Candler. W. A............ 643 Cann. George T.......... 379 Cann, James F........... 380 Cannon, Franklin A..... .1062 Carithera. Hugh A....... 966 CarJeton, J. N............ 913 Carroll. Michael P....... 775 Carswell, William E..... 936 Carswell, Benlah S....... 936 Carswell, William J...... 980 Carter, Martin E......... 337 Carter, Samuel McD..... 597 Carter, W. A............. (09 Carter. James T_....... 660 Carter, T. F............. 832 Carter. J. H.............. 833 Carter. J. W.............. 967 Cartledge, Samuel J...... 332 Cason, Lawson A........1002 Cason. William B. B.....1002 CaaUeberry, J. T......... 650 Caatlin. William H....... 650 Gary, H. H................ 914 Chambers, Edward B.... 686 Chancy, A. H............1012 Chandler, Thomas F..... 630 Charlton, Walter G....... 380 Cheney. L. L............. 588 Chlaholm. Walter S...... 381 Christopher, S. H......... 484 Clark, W. J.............. T03 Clark. W. B.............. 604 Clark, William L......... 610 Clark. D. C. P............1034 Clarke. Richard A....... SOS Clark*. George T.........1008 Clay. Jasper L........... SO. Clayton, William 3....... 676

VI

IXDEX.

Page.
Cleckley, Marsden A..... 776 Clemens, Robert K....... 484 Clements. "William P..... 551 Clifton, John H.......... 852 Clifton, Peter............. 853 Clower, W. P............. 894 Cochran, Robert H....... 538 Cochran, George C...... 539 Coffin. Zimri S............ 833 Cohen, C. Henry.-.-.--.. 777 Cohen, Louis.............1007 Colbert, James F......... 477 Cole, R, S................. 504 Coleman, John S......... 187 Coleman, Thomas D...... 777 Coleman. D. V........ ...854 CoLUns, L. A. M.......... 540 Collins. Jimerson M....... 854 Colvard, H. P.............1035 Cone, Joseph S........... 349 Coney, James F.......... 701 Cook, Phil................ 454 Cook, R. G................ 702 Cooper, George F......... 185 Cooper. Lev!.............. 6l Copeland, Francis W..... 957 Corley, W. C.............. 552 Conper, Thomas B....... 721 Cowart, Joseph L........ 855 Cor, Silas I............... (94 Cosart, Abram W........ 611 Crawford, W. D.......... 310 Crlbb, Stephen E......... 980 Crisp, Charles F.......... 846 Crlsson. "William R....... 470 Cross, James M........... 421 Crnmbley, Swift.......... 834 Camming, Joseph B...... 777 Cgnnlngham. Henry C... 382 Cnrrie, Malcolm L....... 570 Cntts. Alien S............ 847 Daniel, W. C.............. 188 Daniel. George C........ 478 Daniel, J.H............... 834 Daniel, John.............. 915 Daniel. Jamee............ f!6 Daniel, James M......... 9SO Darley. John I........... 848 Darnell, Sion A.......... 677 Dasher. Benjam'n J...... 422 Davidson. Monroe........ 604 Davidson, John S........ 773 DavidBOn. William T.... 778 Davis, William D......... SSO Davis. Alf................ 723 Davis. George S......... 870 Davis. John H............ 90S Davio. Ephraim P....... .1003 Da vison, Cullen .......... 161 Day, N. J................. 987 Dav, William T.......... 79 Dean, Elijah W........... M2 Dean. O. Z................ 749 De Jarnett*. J. T......... 724 EM; Jarnette. H. R......... 725 De Looch, Robert W..... 351 Denmark. Brantley A.... 883 Devane, Frank M........ 821 Dickson, John A..........1053 I/i<:kson. William........ .1033 Dismukes, J. T..........-.10L8 Dixon, John T............ 005 Dizon, J. J................101* DLroc, Robert T...... ....1021

Page.
Dorminey, Willis ......... 42 Dormlny, Edwin J....... 871 Dorr, August............. 780 Dorsett, C. H............. 327 Doughty, Joahua J....... 781 Doughty, William H..... 782 Dozier, Daniel P......... 612 Dozier, George W........ 750 Drane, W. W............. 485 Drawdy, G. W...........1012 DuBlgnon, Fleming G.... 384 Dudley, W. S............. 750 Dngas, L. A.............. 190 Duggar, James X......... 338 Dnnbar, William M...... 782 Dnncan, William ........ S86 Dunham, Joel J.......... 486 Dunlap. D. C............. 606 Dunn, J. D................ 606 DuPree, Ira E............ 937 Durham, Warren J...... 862 Duskln, M. T............ 738 Dyers, George C.......... 821 Eberhardt, J. B.......... 479 Eberhart, J. G............ 479 Edge, William R......... 607 Edmonson, W. P......... 916 Edwards, Lewis.......... 607 Edwards, Paul M........ 423 Elder, H. B............... 782 Ellis. Calvin S........... 663 Ellls, Charles S.......... 386 Ellis. John R.............. 742 Ellis, Thomas J.......... 742 Evans, L. B. C............ 541 Evans, W. S.............. 917 Evans. John W...........1056 Eve, PanlF............... 197 Eve, Joseph A............ 198 Eve, William F........_ 783 Everett, Bedford.......".. 352 Ezell, E. B-............... 726 Falligant. Robert........ 387 Fannin, James A......... 683 Featherston. Giles W.... 694 Felton. W. H............. 8 Ferguson, John T....... 4S4 Ferguson, Thomas D..... 951 Pickling. "William H..... 83 Fincher, W. H-........... t!8 Fitzgerald, W. W........ 635 Fisher. Burrell B......... 981 Flannery, John........... 388 Fleming. William H...... 783 Fleming, Frank E........ 784 Fleming, James L........ 785 Florence, W. F........... 607 Flournoy, John F ........ 612 Floyd, E. R............... 988 Folks, Frank C........... 982 Folks, William B......... 981 Folks, G. P................ 82 Foot*, Sarah J........... 666 Foote, James B........... 6*4 Ford, Lewis D............ 201 Fort, Tomlinson.......... 207 Fort. Arthur T............ 836 Fort, All-n................819 Foster, Thomas J......... 3 Foster, Alfred............. 744 Foster, Isaac X........... 746 Foster, William H....... 785 Foster, George M......... 968

Page.
Foy, Washington M...... 866 Franklin, Jason.......... 363 Fraser, Wallace W....... 389 Frailer, John C........... 842 Freeman, David.......... 608 Fulcher, James A......... 363 Fuller, Frank L......... 78C Fuller, A. J............... 913 Futrell, Abram J......... 423 Gamble, Robert L........ 437 Garrett, William A....... 787 Gary, William T.......... 787 Gay, W. F................ 608 Geiger, Judson B......... 671 Gneesling, Samuel H....1003 Glbbs, D. A............... 968 Gibson, Isaac A.......... 493 Gibson, William T........ 95 Gill. William E........... 466 Glllon, James H.......... 982 Glanton. J. H............ 919 Glen, John R.............1028 Glover, Frank............ 864 Godwin. W.T............. 19 Goins, Oscar C........... 698 Goodrich, Edward C...... 788 Gordon, Frederick B..... 614 Gordon, W. W............ 389 Graham, D. A............. 871 Grant, Isaac.............. 679 Grantham, John F....... 442 Graves, John T........... 307 Gray, James A............ 210 Gray, William J.......... 666 Graybtn, Leon A.........1007 Greaves, Henry S......... 446 Green, Thomas F......... 209 Green, Theodorlck M..... 332 Greene, Asbary B........ 904 Grier, Roberts........... 614 Griffin, Charles H........ 920 Griffing. Charles II...... 983 Griffis, William H........ 836 Grimes, George J......... 616 Groover, Daniel R........ 364 Grovenstein. Angus N... 423 Guerry, J. C.............. 876 Gunnells, John R......... 480 Gustin, G. W-............ 306 Balnes. George S......... 390 Hall, William H.......... 212 Hall. Frank W........... 471 Hall, William A...........1054 Hall. Hansford A.........1056 Hamilton, Charles 8..... 672 Hamilton, David......... 969 Hamilton, William D.... 983 Hammock. William D... 752 Hammond, Dudley W.... 218 Hammond, N. J.......... 80S Hammond, R. W.,....... 467 Hammond, R, A......... 970 Hand, Judson L.,....... (48 Hansell. A. H............ 8M Hansell, Cnarles P....... 8M Haralson, J. B........... 921 Harbison, J. D............1818 Hardeman, Robert U..... 644 Harden, John McP. B.... 816 Harden, William D...... NO Hard wick, H. V.......... 880 Harn, Israel H........... 3S9 Harper, Charles A....... 789

INDEX.

vn

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V1I1

INDEX.

Page.

MeArthur, John.......... 673

McArthur, John W...... 573 McArthur, Duncan....... 574

McArthnr, James......... 574

McArthur, William H... 574

McArthur, John J........ 674

McArthur John H....... 575

McArthur, MeBrayer,

'Walter T..... James........

575 66$

McBrayer. Peter......... 669

McCall. C. Horace....... 489

MMccCCoaIultusm. ,JoBnraothwann.J............

864 858

McConnell, MeConnell,

William Thomas

R... M...

907 988

MMMMccccCCCCoorriyermm,arWmayc,oiklnHl,.ia.DDmW auvnEic.d..a..n.G.....F............1097743097S99

McCroskey. M. D. L..... 602

McDaniel, Henry D...... 971

McDlldo. Ellas L......... S"-9

McDonald. J. J........... 755

McDonald. John C........ 9<?9

McDonald. John C........ 9?9

McDonf>Bg:h, Henry A... 686

McDuffie. J. H............ 621

McElmurray, John F..... 372

McEImuiray. T. J........ S72

McFarland. Thomas G.. 980

McFarfln. Robert M..... McGee. Ebenezer S.......

SSZ 687

McGehee, O. W........... 614

McGhee. Pleasant........ B03

McGouisrh, R. C........... 551

MeGrfff. Patrick T....... McHugh. James..........

709 385

Mclntosh, R. M........... 648

Mclntosh. P. Mclntyre. M.

A........... Young......

*97 398

Maclntyre. A. T.......... MeKaror. James A.......

897 601

McKay. G. W. F......... 446

McLain. McLain,

Duncan P...... James J,........

McLeai). Logan J........

884 884 358

Mcl>ndon. E. W......... 839

Mc3>o<3. George M. T.... 576

McLeod. Jihn D..........872

MMoeMLuidcbera.'l.WM. M org..a..n............

615 622

McMIllan. Daniel H...... 341

MMceRMailrl.anC. hJroihstnopAh.e.r............

439 578

McRa;, John.............. 678

McRae, McRae.

Daniel F......... Malcolm K......

*72 873

McWhorton, Joseph...... S7

MeTVilliams. C.F-........ 615

Meadow. David W....... 40

ML<IOWS. William F..... W9

Mrldrirr.. P*>ter W........ 400

Mercer, J. E.............. 311

MMeerncwere.thGeer.orJgaemAes..A...-......

402 733

Merrill, Joseph H........ Meyer. George............

899 403

Moyer. T. A. H............ 40

Michael. J. M............. 972

MMMiiikdlao-mUII.e. tJoLan..mJB.e..s..OS..............................1..016J51496

MiKer. Ivy S. L........... 369

Page.

Miller, BrlckS............ 2S

Miller, Frank H.......... Miller. William K.........

800 801

Miller, Miller,

Thomas B......... George T..........

840 849

Miller, John H............ 990

Mills, Mills,

G. L................. 828 Stephen B..........1010

Mitcbell, David W........ 1040

Mobley, Blearer.......... 924

Monk, M. K.............. 841

Montfort, Joel E......... 865

Moody. Manning M....... 859

Moon, J. Robert.......... 670

Moon, W. E............... 972

Moore, K. P.............. Moore, John X............

315 481

Moore, Moore,

E. M............. Montague M......

555 624

Moore, John S............ 649

MMoorrgelaann,dJ,oW hnilDlia..m...............

hS6 242

Morris, David R.......... 531

Morris, Oliver T.......... 6T1

Morrison. John........... 342

Morton, Edmond T...... Moughon, W. S-..........

448 447

Munro, G. W. C.......... 490

Murray, W. D............ 887

Murrow, Madison A...... 586

Myers, Herman........... 403

Nance. Lewis F...........3048

Neal, Joseph W.......... 873

Jfeel. W. S................ 650

Neisler, Hugh ............ 866

Nelson, T. J.............. 953

NNeewmbcnya, nS, aM rah...M ..................1..019400

Newton, John T.......... 587

Newton, Edmund L...... 588

Newton, Newton,

H. C............ H. E.............

759 925

NNiicchhootles,onD, aDniaevlidKB.............1.034599

JClsbet, Reuben B........ 733

Norris, NorrtB,

John F............ J. C...............

442 517

Norris, C. A.............. 954

Norwood, Thomas 1C..... 404

Norwood, Wniiam A..... 65C

Norwood, John ........... Nottingham, Curtls B... Nunnally, J. E...........

62C 22 973

O'Brien, Edward S.......100$

0-Brten, James M........ 801

O'Connor, Patrick J...... 404 O Connor, Eugene J...... 801

O'Connor, Patrick J..... 802 Odam, Nicholas.......... 82( O'Daniel, William........ 41

Odum, Godfrey...........1014

Ogletree, J. F............ Oliff, Hantson............ Oliver, W. J..............

617 860 71

Olliff. William W......... 1

Overatreet, James K-..... Owen, George A..........

688 671

Owens, J. M.............. 926

Owene, Frank C.......... 991

OPaxifnoer,d,TWho.mBas-.S....................

889 1

Palmer, Palmtr,

J. B.............. Thomas..........

645 646

Parish, Benjamin......... M2

Park, James F............ MS

Parker, W. H............. 566

Parks. James G........... 890

Parrott, J. L.............. 891 Pate, A. C................. 714

Patterson, W. H......... 829

Patterson, A. K..........1021

Peabody. Francis D...... 626

Peacock, R Thompson... 490

Peacock, Gideon J........ 627

Pearce, Robert H......... 495

Pearce, Pearce,

George A......... Philip............

628 782

Peoples, Richard A....... 465

Peoples, Charles B....... 446

PPeeenpdleersg, rRasicsh, aJradmAes..B........

<<6 430

Penick, L. T.............. 688

Pennington, W. B. R..... 689

Perklns, A. L............. Perry, J. O-...............

557 926

Peurifoy, Adolphus W... 714

Phillips. C. D............. 618

Phillips, Hardy H........ 822

Philpot, Phinizy,

Richard......... Leonard.........

696 802

Phinlzy, Charles H....... 804

Phinizy, Stewart......... 805

PPPiIipknkek.isntWo. nA.,sIaG...C..W ...................................

431 519 7J3

Plttard, Isham H......... 657

Platt, W. Edward........ Porter, Oliver S..........

806 650

Powell, John H........... 343

Powell. Powell,

W. L. B.......... 697 John F...........1049

Power, S. P............... Preston, William J. M... Price. Joseph A..........

481 435 604

Purse. Daniel G.......... 404

Radcllffe, J. S-............ 619

Ragan, Alexander........ 715

Ragan, Thomas B....... 715

Ragsdale, John F........ 672

Ragsdale. William A.... 473

Randolph. James B...... 431

Ratcllff. William R...... 092

Ravenel, Thomas P...... 407

Ray. B. T................. 842

Redd. William............ 629

Redding, D. S............ 658

Reddish, R. B............1016

Redley. James IT.........1057

Reed, Henry W.......... N2

RReegesis,te8rt.tnFroannkJl.in...P...........

822 Mi

Reld, James P........... RK9

ReM, John S.............. 734

Reid, Adolphus A. F....1450

Rf-mson. T. H............ 4W

Rfvill. H. H.............. 629

Reynolds, J. B........... 520

Reynolds. Joslah B....... 874

Rhyme, Hardy........... tftl

Rice, Jesce M............ KM

Richardson. Beale H..... MA

TMcM^r, Edward F....... 900

Rtckerson, H. R.......... B90 RMley. . B.............. 448

Riley, Pter............... J9

Rippard, James C........ 994

I

INDEX.

IX

Page.

Page.

Page.

Rivers, Willis D.......... 440 Smith, Alfred P.......... 345 Thompson, B. M......... 482

Robbe, Charles A......... 806 Smith, William A........ 163 Thompson, R. H.......... 653

Roberts, James H........ 621 Smith, Leonldas.......... 450 Thompson, E. B.......... 956

Roberts, Agrlppa P......1041 Smith, Robert J.......... 450 Thrash. J. J.............. *31

Robertson, Snowden..... 673 Smith, Hardy............ 452 Thrasher, B. E........... 656 Rockmore, J. P........... 074 Smith, Crltton J.......... 491 Ticknor, Douglass C..... 635 Roddenbery, Seaborn A.. frOl Smith, Augustus A....... 717 Tigner, Benson P......... 523

Rollins, William L........ 674 Smith, Emmons C........ 717 Tlgner, Hope............. 523 Roney, Henry C.......... 808 Smith, Jeremiah T....... 812 Timber-lake, P. A......... 814

Rosser, William D........" 962 Smith, Sheldon P......... 860 Tinsley. Austin S........ 815

Rowe, Alien J............ C21 Smith, Caleb W......... 861 Tipton, James H..........1058 Rowe, James A........... B21 Smith, M. A.............. 861 Tomlinson, Augustus G.. 697 Royal, Alfred R..........I050 Smith, Thomas J......... S75 Trammel, J. W........... 525

Ruffln, James J........... 867 Rumph, Thomas C.......I015 Rutherford, Mildred..... 324 Ryals, Garland M........ 408 Ryals, James C.......... 874 Ryan, Lawrence C....... 716 Sanders, W. E............ 559 Saunders, Ferdinand C...1022 Saxon, Benjamin R...... 466 Scaife, J. H............... 546 Schnelder, Anton......... 716 Schwarz, John............ 412 Scoggins, Hastings C.... 675 Scott, W. W.............. 482 Bcott, Thomas G.......... 560 Screven, John............. 413 Searcy, James T.......... 561 Shannon, John R........ 562 Shannon, John C......... 942 Shannon, Lenolr D....... 943 Sharp, Matthew.......... 679 Sharpe, Robert M........ 860 Sharpe, William W....... 994 Shaver, Addlson H.......1042 Shearouse, Nesbltt B.... 424 Sheffield. William J...... 675 Sheppard, Robert W..... 4?5 Shewmake, John T...... SOS Shewmake, Burke........ S09 Shields. John P........... 496 Showalter, Anthony J....1043 Slbley, George R......... 809

Smith, Rufus W.......... 028 Smith, B. R.............. 974 Smith, William J......... 995 Smith, Job E. W......... 996 Snelllng, Z, T............. 842 Snyder, William S........ 909 Solomon, William L....... 944 Spann, William H.......1024 Spear, Thomas S......... 632 Spears, Josaph H......... 813 Speer, A. M............... 591 Spence, William N....... 547 Spengler, N. R............ 901 Stafford, E. O............ 605 Stafford, J. A.............692 Standrldge, Howell C.... 910 Stanford, Frank A....... 235 Stanford, Joseph N...... 763 Stanford, J. W........... 763 Stapleton, James R......1024 Starr, Silas H............. 651 Starr, T. A............... C52 Starr, Elijah F...........1030 Stelner, H. H............. 231 Stephens, William....... &55 Stevens, John T.......... 764 Stevenson, N. W......... 461 Stewart, W. W........... 632
Stewart, Daniel R....... 786 Stewart, John ........... $23 Stone, William D........ 563 Storey, S. B............... 492

Traylor, John H......... 931 Trippe, J. P.............. "68 Tucker, H. H............. 312 Tucker, John J........... 524 Turner, Benjamin E...... 363 Turner, Lewis T.......... 416 Turner, Albert L......... 684 Turner, Josaph S......... 736 Tuten, J. G...............1018 Twitty, P. S............... 768 Underwood, Abner P... ..1031 Underwood. John L...... 548 Varnadoe. James E...... 467 Vaughn, John S.......... 946 Verdery, James P........ 816 Wade, D. R............... 843 Wade, Jesse T............ S27 Wade. J. M............... S44 Walker, P. G............. 693 Walker, John Evans..... 635 Walker, Daniel J......... 688 Walker, James I*......... 718 Walker, N. S............. 737 Walker, James P......... 1028 Wall, Jesse M............ 580 Walsh, Patrick........... S16 Walton, T. E............. C6 Walton, Peter W......... 593 Warren, George W....... 440 Waters. George W....... 827 Waters, Thomas L....... S68 WatMns, E. H............ >94

Blbley, William C........ 811 Strickland, Thomas L.... 997 Watson. Brad............ 998

Bikes, Simeon............. 579 Bikes, William I..........1057 Blmmons, Andrew J...... 425 Slmmoni, John P......... 681 Slmpson, Robert A....... 335 SlmpBon, William T...... 697 Slmpson, James C........ 891 Blms, Redding............ 335 81ms, Frank D........... 336

Studdard, Augustus...... 592 Sullivan, Patrick J....... 814 Suttle, James T........... 962 Swann, T. C.............. 52 Sweat, Daniel B......... 998 Sweat, J. L................ 997 Swift, George P.......... 633 Sword, A. J-.............. 975 Taliaferro. Valentine H.. 236

Watts, Van L............ 608 Watts, R. P............... 844 Wells, Benjamin S....... 416 Wells, William D......... 467 Wells, Lovick W......... 635 West, Charles N.......... 310 West, John T............. 497 Westberry, John H......1058 Westberry, Josiah S......1058

Sims, Stephen............ 491 Tarver, William B....... 945 Westmorland, W. P..... 240

81ms, O. 8................ 461 Tate, Samuel............. 082 Whaley, W. J. T......... 789

81ms. James L............ 927 81ms, John I.............. 927 81ms. Jones C............ 928 Blms. JosiahO............ 928 BUM. W. J..............-.1023

Tate, Stephen C.......... 683 Tate. William ............ 683 Tatum. Seth.............. 930 Taylor. J. W.............. 522 Taylor, Eden............. S4

Whaley, H. W............1016 Whatley, George B....... 418 Wheaton. John F........ 418 Wheeler. John T......... 468 Whelpley. Wllbur P...... 399

Blngletary. Henry H .... 823 Taylor. Columbus......... 76T Whitaker, S. T........... 693 Sketoe. L................. 449 Taylor. Charles A........ 823 Whitaker, Oroon D....... 932 Blade. U C............... " Teagcue, Newton A....... 814 White. Samuel G......... 242

81appy. John G.......... 943 Tharp, T. J..............1025 White. J. P............... 483

Blappey. Robert R....... 944 Blaton. Henry T.......... 336 Blaton, Frank P.......... 336 Bloan. Benjamin J........ 105S Bmtth. Robert M........ 231 imlth. Jamea M......... 3<14 Bmitn. WIlburB.......... 845

Thomas, James G ....... 238 Thomas, Daniel R........ 414 Thomas, J. M............ 5C5 Thomas, Benjamin P.... 592 Thomas, Grlgsby E..... 633 Thomas. Bryan M........1044 Thomason, Gideon B.... ;>

White. John T............ 932 Whitehead, A. G......... 37S Whlteslde, George B..... 638 Whitlock, Josiah......... 595 Whltney. Seymour M.... 819 Wllhelt, Kimble A........1059 Wilkes, Butler............ MS

INDEX.

Page. Williams. John G-....... 364 Williams, Jesse P........ 417 Williams, John T......... 451 Williams, John H......... 525 Williams, S. R............ 126 Williams, K. L.............6 Williams. Charles L...... 636 Williams, A. C-.......... 933 Williams, Alien J......... 656 Williams, E. O. C......... 966 Williams, Benjamin F... 999 Williams, Joseph S.......1000 Williams, Edwin P.......1032 Williams. E. H...........1051 Willltord, George W...... 845 WUHford, J. H............ 893 WUlson, Pleasant......... 653 Wilson, Stephen A....... 426 Wilson, Gustavua J. X... 432

Page. Wilson, A. W. N.......... 626 Wilson, William.......... 1000 Wilson, Leon A...........1001 Wilson, William M.......1001 Wilson, Roster A.........1061 WImberly, Frederick D.. 946 WImberly, Henry S...... 847 WImberly, J. R........... 946 Wlmblsh. William A..... 637 Wimpy. Archibald G..... 474 Wolfe, John B............. 453 Wood, John T............ 596 Wood, John G-........... 676 Wood, James A...........1006 Wood, William E.........1046 Woodruff, Charles B..... 63S Woodruff, Henry L....... 639 Woodward, J. C.......... 324

Page. Worley. William J........ 475 WorrUl. J. H.............. 639 Wrlght, James K......... 695 Wrlght, William J....... 654 Wright, Benjamin........ 698 Wrlght, Thomas R....... 819 Wright, Boykln........... 819 Wrfght, J. Fletcher.......l027 Wyatt, I. T............... 435 Topp, Samuel W.......... 947 Young, John R........... 419 Young, Alexander C...... 640 Toung, James............. 698 Young. James C.......... 934 Zellers, J. N.............. 462 Zellers. John.............. 462 Zellner, B. H.............. 667 Zellner, William J........ 669

INDEX TO ILLUSTRATIONS.

Page. Beckwith, Bishop J. W... 376 Bird, R. P................. 79 Bush, Isaac............... 627 Bu-h, E. B................ 528 Gary, H. H............... 914 Clark. W.B............... 504 Crawford, W. D.......... 310 Du Bignon, F. G......... 384 Flournoy, J. F............ 612 Foster. Eugene........... 92 Gustin. G. W............. 306 Hamilton, W. D.......... 98? Hardeman, R. L*......... 644 Harden, W. D............ 390 Harris, John F............1036

Page.
Hlllhonse. J. W........... 984 Hyers, Henry............. 686 Johnson, L................ 985 Jordan, G. Gunby......... 618 Kendrick. W. C........... 879 Lee, W. W................ 881 UttIe,W.A............... 620 Lovell, Edward........... 397 Lunday. W. E............ 883 McDonough, H. A........ 687 McGee, E. B............... 688 Mselntyre, A. T. 6r.............897 KcLaln, Duncan P ....... 884 Main. H. K...............1037 Mercer, George A........ 402

Page.

O'Connor, P. J............ 404

Pinkston, G. W........... 619

Reed, Wallace P.......... 17

Richardson, B. H........ 630

Ryals, G. M.............. 408

Shaver, A. H.............1042

SIkes, William L.........1057

Smith. R. W.

928

Tate, S...........

682

Tate, S. C........

683

Taylor. J. W....,

622

Tucker, H. H.....

312

West, Charles X.

243

Wilson, A. W. X.

526

Wilson, William..........1000

\\AJ.LACK P. RHKIJ.

MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.
CHAPTER IV.
BY WALLACE PUTNAM REED.
LITERATURE AND JOURNALISM--AUGUSTUS BALDWIN LONGSTREET--RICH ARD HENRY WILDE-OCTAVIA WALTON LE VERT--FRANCIS R. GOULDING --MIRABEAU LAMAR--PAUL HAMILTON HAYNE--RICHARD MALCOLM JOHNSTON--JOHN AND JOSEPH LE CONTE--ANDREW ADGATE LIPSCOMB-- CHARLES COLCOCK JONES--FATHER ABRAM J. RYAN--ALEXANDER HAMIL TON STEPHENS--THOMAS R. R. COBB--HENRY R. JACKSON--SIDNEY LANTER --ABSALOM CHAPPELL--AUGUSTA EVANS WILSON--HARRY STILLWELL EDWARDS--MISS MATT CRIM--ELIZA FRANCES ANDREWS--WILLIAM H. HAYNE--CHARLES W. HUBNER--JAMES R. RANDALL--HENRY LYNDEN PLASH--ORELIA KEY BELL--FRANK L. STANTON--MARIA LOUISE EVE-- LOLLIE BELLE WYLIE--MONTGOMERY M. FOLSOM--J. L. M. CURRY, D. D., LL. D.--ATTICUS GREEN HAYGOOD--"BILL ARP"--WALTER LE CONTE STEVENS--WILLIAM LOUIS JONES, M. D.--JOEL CHANDLER HARRIS--MARY E. BRYAN--PROF. WILLIAM HENRY PECK--JAMES MAURICE THOMPSONBENJAMIN HARVEY HILL--ISAAC W. AVERY--JAMES W. LEE--WILLIAM T. THOMPSON--HENRY CLAY FAIRMAN--HENRY D. CAPERS--HENRY W. HILMARD--OTHER WRITERS--EARLY NEWSPAPERS--DAILIES--WEEKLY PRESS --RELIGIOUS PUBLICATIONS--HENRY W. GRADY.
L ITERATURE in all countries has preceded journalism, and the colonists of Georgia produced a crude literature before they had a newspaper of their own. The sturdy pioneers who came over with Oglethorpe were few in number, and during the first generation they were engaged in solving the more serious problem of existence. With a small and scattered population, a few fortified villages, and a hostile environment, there was no field and no demand for newspapers. But it was an era of great literary activity, and the founder of the colony was a favorite figure in a circle composed of Johnson, Goldsmith, Burke, Wharton, Burton, Mrs. Garrick, Mrs. More and others. He was pronounced by Burke the most extraordinary man of his day, and the frequent references made to him in Boswell's Life of Johnson make it evident that some of the most famous men of letters in England regarded him as their peer. Pope, Thomson, and other poets sung his praises, arid grave theologians paid him high tribute. It is ir-2

l8

MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

probable that Ogletliorpe and a few of the more prosperous colonists brought with them small libraries, but there was little opportunity for literary culture while the newcomers were negotiating treaties with savage tribes, felling forests, building cabins, and defending their homes against the Spaniards. The writings of the founder and the trustees contain only the merest outline of the history of the early settlers and cannot be regarded as literature.

JOHX WESLEY.
During the first two years of its existence the colony received from England over 2.600 Bibles. Testaments and religious books in addition to about 1,000 vol umes of the same class which came over with the first ship load of emigrants. It is not strange, therefore, that the first literature of the colony was of a religious character, and it is not too much to say that the Rev. John Wesley was the first writer of any fame in the community. His sermons, journal and pamphlets made a deep and lasting impression on the public mind in this country and in England. In 1736 a parish library was started in Savannah. Books were donated in England, and the trustees purchased a few volumes, ordering among others, Plato's works in Greek and Latin and his Republic in French. With preachers, pedagogues and soldiers controlling their affairs, it is not surprising that literature was at a low ebb in the colonies.
GEN. OGLETHORPK.
Ogletliorpe wrote a sketch of the colonies of South Carolina and Georgia, but it was a plain and business-like document, without any graces of style to recom mend it. He left nothing behind him in the shape of printed matter or manuscript that would compare in interest and value with the book of travel written by one of his successors. Gov. Henry Ellis. There were governors and other officials and citizens who wrote vigorous political letters, addresses and appeals during the revolutionary era. but we look in vain among them for anything that is notevorthy enough for preservation on account of its literary merit. The colony pro duced no Junius. no Joel Barlow, no Jefferson, no Franklin and no historian. Its leaders were so busy making history that they had no time to write it.
In his New and Accurate Account of the Provinces of South Carolina and Georgia. Gen. Oglethorpe wrote: "Let us in the meantime cast our eyes on the multitude of unfortunate people -in the kingdom, of reputable families, and of liberal or. at least, easy education; some undone by guardians, some by law suits, some by accidents in commerce, some by stocks and bubbles, and some by surety ship. But all agree in this one circumstance that they must either be burthensome to their relations or betake themselves to little ships for sustenance which ('tis 10 to i) do not answer their purposes, and to which a well educated mind descends with the utmost constraint. What various misfortunes may reduce the rich, the industrious, to the danger of a prison, to a moral certainty of starving! These are the people that may relieve themselves and strengthen Georgia by resorting thither, and Great Britain by their departure. I appeal to the recollection of the reader ftho? he be opulent, tho' he be noble) does not his own sphere of acquaint ance (I may venture to ask), does not even his own blood, his set of near rela tions furnish him with some instances of such persons as here described? Must they starve? What honest mind can bear to think of it? Must they be fed by the contributions of others? Certainly they must, rather than suffer to perish. Are these wealth to the nation? Are they not a burthen o themselves, a burthen to tlieir kindred and acquaintances, a burthen to the whole community?

LITERATURE AND JOURNALISM.

ig

"I have heard it said (and 'tis easy to say so) let them learn to work; let them subdue their pride and descend to mean employments, keep ale houses, or coffee houses, even sell fruit, or clean shoes for an honest livelihood. But, alas I these occupations, and many more like them, are overstocked already by people who know better how to follow them than do they whom we have been talking of. Half of those who are bred in low life and well versed in such shifts and expedients, find but a very narrow maintenance by them. As for laboring, I could almost wish that the gentleman or merchant who thinks that another gentleman or mer
chant in want can thresh or dig to the value of subsistence for his family or even for himself, I say I could wish the person who thinks so were obliged to make trial of it for a week,'or (not to be too severe) for only a day. He would find him self to be less than the fourth part of a laborer, and that the fourth part of a laborer's wages could not maintain him. I have heard it said that a man may learn to labor by practice; 'tis admitted. But it must also be admitted that before he can learn he may starve. Suppose a gentleman were this day to begin, and with grievous toil found himself able'to earn three pence, how many days or months are necessary to form him that he may deserve a shilling per diem? Men whose wants are important must try such experiments as will give immediate relief. 'Tis too late for them to begin to learn a trade when the}- have pressing necessities called
for the exercise of it. "Having thus described (very too truly) the pitiable condition of the better
sort of the indigent, an objection arises against their removal upon what is stated of their inability for drudgery. It may be asked if they can't get bread here for their labor, how will their condition be mended in Georgia? The answer is easy. Part of it is well attested, and part self evident. They have land there for nothing, and that land is so fertile that (as is said before) they receive an hundredfold increase for taking very little pains.
"Give here in England ten acres of good land to one of these helpless persons and I doubt not his ability to make it sustain him, and this by his own culture
without letting it to another. But the difference between no rent and rack rent is the difference between eating and starving. If I make but 20 on the produce of a field, and am to pay 20 for it, 'tis plain I must perish if I have not another fund to support me. But if I pay no rent the produce of that field will supply the merest necessities of life.
"With a view to the relief of people in the condition I have described, his majesty has this present year incorporated a considerable number of persons of
quality and distinction, and vested a large tract of South Carolina in them, by the name of Georgia, in trust to be distributed among the necessitous. These trustees not only give land to the unhappy who go thither, but are also impowered to receive the voluntary contributions of charitable persons to enable them to furnish the poor adventurers with all necessaries for the expense of the voyage, occupying the land, and supporting them until they find themselves comfortably settled.
So that now the unfortunate will not be obliged to bind themselves to a long servi tude to pay for their passage, for they may be carried gratis into a land of liberty j>nd plenty, where they immediately find themselves in possession of a competent
estate, in a happier climate than they knew before, and they are unfortunate indeed if here they cannot forget their sorrows."

BENJAMIN MARTYN.
Benjamin Martyn, the secretary of the trustees, was a man of considerable liter ary reputation. He wrote a pamphlet on Georgia, in the early days of the colonies,

2Q

MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

from which the following is an extract: "As the Mind of Man cannot form a more exaulted Pleasure than what arises from the Reflexion of having relieved Ihe Distressed; let the Man of Benevolence, whose Substance enables him to con tribute towards this Undertaking give a Loose rein for a little to his Imag ination, pass over a few Years of his Life, and think himself on a Visit to Georgia. Let him see those who are now a Prey to all the Calamities of Want, who are starving with Hunger and seeing their Wives and Children in the same Distress; expecting likewise every Moment to be thrown into a Dungeon with the cutting Anguish that they leave their Families expos'd to the Utmost Ne cessity and Despair: Let him, I say, see these living under a sober and orderly Government, settled in Towns, which are rising at Distances along navigable Rivers: Flocks and Herds in the neighboring Pastures, and adjoining to them Plantations of regular Rows of Mulberry Trees entwin'd with Vines, the Branches of which are loaded with Grapes; let him see Orchards of Oranges, Pomegranates and Olives; in other Places, extended fields of Corn or Flax and Hemp. In short, the whole Face of the County chang'd by Agriculture and Plenty in Part of it. Let him see the People all in Employment of various Kinds, Women and Children feeding and nursing the Silk worm, winding off the Silk, or gather ing the Olives; the Men plowing and planting their Lands, tending their Cattle, or felling the Forest, which they bum for potashes, or square for the Builder: let him see these in Content and Affluence, and Masters of little Possessions which they can leave to their Children: and then let him think if they are not happier than those supported by Charity in Idleness. Let him reflect that the Produce of their Labour will be so much new Wealth for this Country, and then let him ask himself Whether he would exchange the Satisfaction of having contributed to this, for all the trifling, the Pleasures, the Money which he has given, would have purchased.
"Of all publick-spirited Actions, perhaps none can claim a Preference to the Settling of Colonies, as none are in the End more useful... .Whoever, then, is a Lover of Liberty will be pleas'd with an Attempt to recover his Fellow Subjects from a State of Misery and Oppression, and fix them in Happiness and Freedom.
"Whoever is a Lover of his Country will approve of a Method for the Employment of her Poor, and the Increase of her People and her Trade. Whoever is a lover of Mankind will join his wishes to the success of a design so plainly calculated for their Good: Undertaken and conducted with so much Disinter estedness.
"Few arguments are requisite to excite the Generous to exert themselves on this Occasion. To consult the Welfare of Mankind regardless of any private Views is the Perfection of Virtue: as the Accomplishing and Consciousness of it is the Perfection of Happiness."
AUGUSTUS BALDWIN LONGSTREET.
The student of Georgia's literature will find nothing that will interest him until he reaches the present century. Indeed, the first Georgian whose writing attracted wide-spread attention was Augustus Baldwin Longstreet, who was born in Augusta in 1790. Longstreet was descended from a sturdy Dutch and Norman stock, and he was fortunate enough to enjoy the best educational advantages of his time. He graduated at Yale, studied law in Litchfield, Conn., and commenced the prac tice of his profession in Georgia in 1815. His genius was soon recognized, and he achieved fame as a lawyer, judge, writer, divine, and college president. While he was still a young man his fame filled the state. He had a lively sense of humor, and he was one of the first southern dialect writers. His descriptions of

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21

"cracker" and country life in Georgia Scenes have amused three generations of Americans, and many editions of the book have been sold. Bishop O. P. Fitz gerald in his life of Judge Longstreet speaks of him always as "the typical Geor gian." He says that "he was a Georgian all over, all through, and all the time. He was the father of its humorists, and his humor was of a peculiar kind, unlike any other. He impressed his political opinions on the youth who were destined to shape the future policy of this state. He was one, and not the least, of a class
of great teachers whose genius and piety have left upon its people an impress as lasting as eternity. He was an educator, who, bursting traditionary fetters, did
much toward the emancipation of learning from its false methods and aims." A congressional reminiscence describes the happy effect produced by one of the Georgia Scenes many years after it was written. There had been a long and bitter sectional debate in the house, and when a measure full of material for passion and war resentments came up the democratic members agreed upon keeping quiet. A
leading member of the republican Fide, representing a New England state, and
noted for his virulent attacks on the south, made a violent assault on the demo crats, charging them with cowardice, and in his excitement ran up and down the
aisles shaking his fists and challenging the democrats to come to the front and show their colors and stand up for what they maintained. Hon. S. S. Cox, of New York, asked permission to interrupt this speaker, who with emphasis replied, "With great pleasure; I will be glad to hear from you." Mr. Cox sent to the
clerk's desk a volume of Georgia Scenes, and the clerk read the following sketch: A Lincoln County Rehearsal.--If my memory fails me not, June 10,1809, found
me at about 11 o'clock a. m. ascending a long and gentle slope in what was called the "dark corner" of Lincoln. I believed it took its name from the moral dark ness which reigned over that part of the county at the time of which I am speaking.
In this point of view, if it was but a shade darker than the rest of the county, it was inconceivably dark. If any man can name a trick or sin which had not been committed at the time of which I am speaking in the very focus of all the county's illumination (Lincolnton) he must himself be the most inventive of the tricky and the very Judas of sinners. Since that time, however (all humor aside),
Lincoln has become a living proof that "light shineth in darkness." Could I venture to mingle the solemn with the ludicrous, even for the purposes of honorable
contact, I could adduce from -this county instances of the most numerous and
wonderful transitions from vice and folly to virtue and holiness which have ever, perhaps, been witnessed since the days of the Apostolic ministry. So much, lest it should be thought by some that what I am about to relate is characteristic of the
county in which it occurred. Whatever may be said of the moral condition of the "dark corner" at the time
just mentioned, its natural condition was anything but dark; it smiled in all the charms of spring, and spring borrowed a new charm from its undulating grounds,
its luxuriant woodlands, its sportive streams, its vocal birds, and its blushing flowers.
Rapt with the enchantment of the season and the scenery around me, I was
slowly rising the slope when I was startled by loud, profane and boisterous voices which seemed to proceed from a thick covert of undergrowth about 200 yards in advance of me and about 100 to the right of the road.
"You kin, kin you?" "Yes, I kin, and am able to do it! Boo-oo-oo! O. wake snakes, and walk your chalks! Brimstone and ---- fire! Don't hold me, Nick Stovall! The fight's made up, and let's go at it. ---- my soul if I don't jump down his throat and gallop every chitterling out of him before you can say 'quit'!"

22

MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

"Now, Nick, don't hold him! Jist let the wildcat come, and I'll tame him.
Xedll see me a fair fight, won't you, Xed?" "Oh, yes; I'll see you a fair fight, blast my old shoes if I don't" "That's sufficient, as Tom Haynes said when he saw the elephant; now let him
come." Thus they went on, with countless oaths interspersed which I dare not even
hint at, and with much that I could not distinctly hear. "In mercy's name," thought I, ''what band of ruffians has selected this holy
season and this heavenly retreat for such pandemonian riots? I quickened my gait, and had come nearly opposite the thick grove whence the noise proceeded when my eye caught indistinctly and at intervals through the foliage of the dwarf oaks and hickories which intervened glimpses of a man or men who seemed to be in a violent struggle, and I could occasionally catch those deep-drawn, emphatic oaths which men in conflict utter when they deal blows. I dismounted and hurried to the spot with all speed. I had overcome about half the space which separated it from me when I saw the combatants come to the ground, and after a short struggle I saw the uppermost one (for I could not see the other) make a heavy plunge with both his thumbs, and at the same instant I heard a cry in the accent of keenest torture: "Enough! My eye's out!"
I was so completely horror-struck that I stood transfixed for a moment to the spot where the cry met me. The accomplices in the hellish deed which had been perpetrated had all fled at my approach; at least I supposed so, for they were not to be seen.
"Now, blast your corn-shucking soul," said the victor (a youth about eighteen years old; as he rose from the ground, "come cutt'n' your shines Tx>ut me ag'in next time I come to the court-house, will you! Get your owl-eye in ag'in if you can!"
At this moment he saw me for the first time. He looked excessively embar rassed, and was moving off when I called to him in a tone emboldened by the sacredness of my office and the iniquity of his crime, "Come back, you brute, and assist me in relieving your fellow-mortal whom you have ruined forever."
My rudeness subdued his embarrassment in an instant, and with a taunting curl of the nose he replied: "You needn't kick before you're spurr'd. There ain't nobody there, nor ha'n't been, nother. I was jist seein' how I could'a' fought" So saying, he bounded to his plow, which stood in the corner of the fence about fifty- yards beyond the battle-ground.
And. would you believe it, gentle reader, his report was true. All that I had heard and seen was nothing more or less than a Lincoln rehearsal, in which the youth who had just left me had played all the parts of all the characters in a court-house fight.
I went to the ground from which he had risen, and there were the prints of his two thumbs, plunged up to the balls in the mellow earth, about the distance of a man's eyes apart, and the ground around was broken up as if two stags had been engaged upon it.
The laughter which accompanied and frequently interrupted and followed the reading of the sketch was joined by both sides of the house. The orator did not resume his remarks.
Judge Longstreet also wrote Letters from Georgia to Massachusetts, Letters to Clergymen of the Northern Methodist Church, Master William Mitten, and many pamphlets and magazine articles. He was always busy with his pen, and manv of his contributions appeared in the newspapers, 'The Methodist Quarterly," "The Southern Literary Messenger," "The Southern Field and Fireside." "The Magnolia." and "The Orion."

LITERATURE AND JOURNALISM.

23

Georgia Scenes is probably the most widely known and popular of all of Judge Longstreet's writings. The author's aim in this was much higher than the object frequently ascribed to him, that of amusing the reader with humorous sketches, his desire being to "supply a chasm in history which has always been overlooked --the manners, customs, amusements, wit, dialect, as they appear in all grades of society to an ear and eye witness of them." He chose the first fifty years of our republic in the course of which time the society of the southern states under went an almost entire revolution, and at this date hardly a trace of the society of the first thirty years of the republic is found. The author has not confined himself to historic detail, but his language is always "Georgian"' from the beginning to the end. As an illustration, The Gander Pulling is an actual occurrence at the place located. The characters were pen pictures of well-known individuals there and the language used their talk. Again, The Wax Works was an exhibition which actually came off in Waynesboro, Burke Co., and every figure actually existed and did the same parts assigned to him. The Fight also is a description of a combat to be seen in almost any county in Georgia. The character, however, answers better to many of the poor class seen in the sterile pine woods of Georgia. Judge Longstreet in the Matser Mitten was actuated by the laudable object of showing mothers the danger of allowing their affections for their children to interfere with their duty in using that paternal strictness which is absolutely necessary to the proper training of youth. This was suggested to the author when president of Centenary college in Louisiana by certain scholars whose mischievousness, encouraged by indulgent mothers, interfered with their studies. The scene was transferred to Georgia so as not to particularize the kind Jackson mothers and was well received by those who understood the aim of the author.
Judge Longstreet's newspaper articles were generally on transient topics and his serious essays on subjects which, having lost interest, have not been preserved. Bishop Fitzgerald says of Judge Longstreet's writings on religious questions, that these fragments show "a fondness and a genius for exegetics, with an independ
ence and originality of thought that give assurance that he could have done more work in that line that would have deserved to have survived him.'' It was Judge Longstreet's contemplation to write a series of Georgia scenes from a religious point of view. There are friends who question his success in this line, knowing his special vein to be humorous, but that his sketches on the line above indicated would have been filled with true pathos is to be believed by the moving touches found in the published Georgia Scenes.
In his old-age Judge Longstreet would gladly have withdrawn many of his humorous sketches from circulation, but the public continued to call for neweditions of his most popular book, and it is now to be found in almost every library in Georgia. This busy writer reached the patriarchial age of four score and died at his home in Oxford, Miss., in the summer of 1870.

RICHARD HENRY WILDE.
Richard Henry Wilde was an Irishman, a native of Dublin, but his early manhood was spent in Georgia. He was admitted to the bar in Augusta and served as attorney of the state, also as a representative in congress. While he was a very eloquent and successful lawyer, he is best known by one poem, "My Life is Like the Summer Rose." When Byron read these verses he at once wrote to Wilde and congratulated him on being the author of one of the finest poems of the century. These immortal lines are worthy of a place in these pages :

24

MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

"My life is like the summer rose, That opens to the morning sky;
But ere the shades of evening close Is scattered on the ground to die.
"But on the rose's humble bed The sweetest dews of night are shed,
As if she wept such waste to see; But none shall weep a tear for me.
"My life is like the autumn leaf, That trembles in the moon's pale ray,
Its hold is frail, its state is brief. Restless and soon to fade away.
"Yet ere that leaf shall fall and fade, The parent tree shall mourn its shade,
The winds bewail the leafless tree; But none shall breathe a sigh for me.
"My life is like the print which feet Have left on Tampa's desert strand;
Soon as the rising tide shall beat All trace will vanish from the sand.
"Yet still as grieving to efface All vestige of the human race,
On that lone shore loud moans the sea; But i one, alas, shall mourn for me!"

Mr. Wilde died in 1847 at the age of forty-eight in New Orleans, where he then resided, but in compliance with his request he was buried at his old home, Augusta.
OCTAVIA WALTON LE VERT.
Madame Octavia Walton Le Vert, a remarkably brilliant writer, was born near Augusta in 1810. Her father was the second son of George Walton, a signer of the Declaration of Independence, a member of congress and governor of Geor gia. Octavia Walton was reared in Pensacola and Mobile. In the latter city, when she was a little girl, she met Gen. Lafayette, who was so delighted with her that he predicted for her a brilliant career. She was almost entirely educated by her mother and grandmother and a private tutor. At the age of twelve she spoke three languages with ease, and while in her teens she visited the leading cities in the union and was everywhere enthusiastically admired. In 1836 she married Dr. Henry Le Vert, of Mobile, a son of the first French surgeon who came over with Lafayette. In 1853 an^ ^55 she visited Europe, the first time at the Duke of Rutland's invitation, and shortly after her return she wrote Sou venirs of Travel, a work of graphic power and picturesque description, which was very popular in its days. She also translated Dumas' Three Musketeers. Lamartine was captivated by her conversational gifts and urged her to become a writer, saying she had the genius of a natural improvisatrice. Mme. Le Vert survived her husband, and after the war made her home in New York, where she died in 1877.
FRAXCIS R. GOUL.DING.
Francis R. Goulding, the author of the Young Marooners, has almost as wide a fame as the author -of Robinson Crusoe. He was a native of Liberty county and his early boyhood was passed on the sea coast near Savannah. After

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25

graduating at the university of Georgia he attended the theological seminary at Columbia, S. C., and entered the ministry. In 1842, while living at Eatonton, Ga., he conceived the idea of the sewing machine, and simultaneously was the idea worked out by Howe and Thimmonier, of France, but to Goulding must be given the credit for the first sewing machine ever given to the south. Having satisfied himself as to its successful operation he laid the machine aside for "weightier matters," and therefore no patent was applied for. He accepted a. pastoral call in 1843 to Bath, Ga., where he lived for eight years, doing much literary work in this time. Little Josephine, a story of the early piety of a Wash ington county girl, was published by the American Sunday School union. The Young Marooners, upon which his fame chiefly rests, was first called Robbins and Cruisers Company, afterward Robert and Harold, or the Young Marooners. He was three years in writing it, the book being read to his family as his work progressed and subjected to a revision at their suggestion. It-was published in 1852, three editions followed rapidly the first year, and it was reprinted in England and Scotland. In the summer of 1853 Mr. Goulding"s wife died and he then opened a select school for boys at Kingston, Ga., devoting his leisure moments to notes on the Instincts of Birds and Beasts. He was married in 1855 to Matilda Rees, the daughter of Ebenezer Rees, of Darien, to which place he moved and resumed his pastoral duties, alternating for six years between Darien and Baisden's Bluff. What is Light? a treatise on the subject of light, followed years of corre spondence with Faraday and other scientists. When the civil war began Mr. Goulding was the friend and nurse of sick and suffering soldiers around Darien, and when the town was burned by the Federal forces his handsome home was burned and his library totally destroyed. He then went to Macon and there revived The Young Marooners and compiled a soldiers' hymn book for use in the Confederate army. The war ended and left him broken down in health and exhausted in resources, but with an energy characteristic of the man, he went to work with his pen, contributing to various literary journals and writing a sequel to The Young Marooners, which he called Marooners' Island. Frank Gordon followed, a story containing scenes from his childhood on the sea-coast. His final years were a struggle for life, being a sufferer from asthma, and in an early August morning he passed away at his little home in Roswell, and in the cemetery at that place lie his remains. At the time of his death, in 1891, he was in his
ninety-first year.
MIRABEAU LAMAR.

Among the early writers of this century in Georgia Mirabeau Lamar deserves a prominent place. He was the first president of the republic of Texas, having
emigrated there from Georgia, his native state, in 1835. He held many public positions and at the time of his death in 1859 was sixty-one years old. He was a brilliant orator, journalist and poet. A volume of his poetry was published in 1857, but he is perhaps best known as a writer by the following:

"O, lend to me, sweet nightingale. Your music by the fountains;
And lend to me your cadences, O, river of the mountains.
"That I may sing my gay brunette, A diamond spark in coral set,
Gem for a princess' coronet-- The daughter of Mendoza.

26

MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

"How brilliant is the morning star,
The evening star how tender, The light of both is in her eye--
Their softness and their splendor.
"But for the lash that shades their sight, They were too dashing for the light,
And, when she shuts them, all is night, The daughter of Mendoza.
"O, ever (night and beauteous one, Bewildering and beguiling,
The lute is in thy silvering tones, The rainbow is thy smiling.
"And thine is too, o'er hill and dell. The bounding of the young gazelle,
The arrow's flight acd ocean's swell, Sweet daughter of Mendoza.
"What though, perchance, we meet no more. What though, too, soon we sever;
Thy form will float like emerald light Before my vision ever.
"O who can see and then forget The glories of my gay brunette,
Thou art too bright a star to set, Fair daughter of Mendoza."
PAUL HAMILTON HAYNE.
Paul Hamilton Hayne, a South Carolinian, of distinguished revolutionary ancestry, spent the last years of his life at Copse Hill, in this state, where he died in 1886, at the age of fifty-six. His house at Copse Hill was a small, dusty looking affair, and but few could realize that it was the home of "one of the most famous poets of the world--the friend and peer of Longfellow, Holmes and Whittier." The interior walls were covered with pictures from art journals and weeklies; the furniture was home-made, the poet's desk was a carpenter's bench, used in build ing the cottage; the book cases were made of boxes. The rough interior was skillfully transformed by the hands of the loving wife. Edward P. Whipple, the celebrated essayist, wrote of him in his review of Legends and Lyrics: "It con tains the ripest result of the genius of the most eminent of living southern poets. Daphles, Cambyses and the Macrobian Bow, Fortunio, The Story of Glaucus the Thessalian, and especially The Wife of Brittany would, if published under the name of the author of The Earthly Paradise, obtain at once a recognition on both sides of the Atlantic. We cannot see that the American poet is one whit inferior to his English contemporary in tenderness and ideal charm, while we venture to say he has more than Morris the true poetic enthusiasm and unwithholding aban donment to the sentiment suggested by his themes. We congratulate the south on possessing such a poet"
William Cullen Bryant and other equally well-known writers have cordially indorsed Whipple's estimate of Mr. Hayne. He was the author of several volumes of poetry, but the large volume of his complete poems published in Boston contains his best work.
RICHARD MALCOLM JOHXSTOJJ.
Richard Malcolm Johnston, who is still living in Baltimore, was born in Han cock county in 1822. He is one of the most original and gifted of all the southern

LITERATURE AND JOURNALISM.

27

story writers of his time, and the following is a complete list of his works up to date: "
Dukesborough Tales, Old Mark Langston, Ogeechee Cross Firings, Mr. Absalom Billingslea, and other Georgia Folks, Two Gray Tourists, Widow
Guthrie, The Primes and Their Neighbors, Studies, Literary and Social, Mr. Fortner's Marital Claims and other Stories, Mr. Billy Downs and His Like, History of English Literature (Assisted by Wm. Hand Browne), Biography of Alexander Hamilton Stephens, Pearce Amerson's Will.
"Dick" Johnston attended for about four years an "old field" school and the "Goose pond" school; one of the stories in the Dukesborough Tales is a not exaggerated picture of one of these schools. After this his father moved to Crawfordsville and the Powelton to give his children better schooling; at the latter place Richard and his brother were prepared for college. Powelton is the Dukes borough of his tale. An incident of his school boy days--when at thirteen years
of age he falls in love with his teacher--is used in the Early Majority of Mr. Thomas Watts. He entered Mercer college, where he was graduated in 1841. Teaching school for two years, he studied law, and when admitted to practice formed a partnership with Hon. Eli Baxter. He later was a partner of Hon. Jarvis Thomas, and lastly of Linton Stephens, a brother of Alexander H. Stephens. For ten years he practiced law in the middle and northern circuits of Georgia. The peculiarity of the people and scenes in the court-room supplied material frequently used in his various sketches. In 1844 Mr. Johnston married Miss Frances Mansfield, who lived in the same county, Hancock, but whose father was a native of Connecticut. He was twenty-three and she fifteen. It was during his practice of law that he was asked to become president of Mercer college, then to accept the nomination for judge of the superior court of the northern circuit, and finally to take the professorship of belles-lettres in the university of Georgia. The last being more congenial to his taste he accepted it. For four years he honored the university with his presence, and there he made many long time friends. It was in Athens he prepared his manuscript of a text book on English literature. He next conducted a large school for boys, called "Rockby," at his home in Hancock county, but after the death of his second daughter, Lucy, in 1867, he moved his school to Baltimore, Md., where he was accompanied by forty of his sixty pupils. The new school was called "Pen Lucy," and the corner stone was a high sense of truth and personal honor. Mr. Johnston, for the past ten or twelve years, has devoted his time to literary work entirely. His first story appeared in the "Southern Magazine" under the nom-de-plume of "Philemon Perch," and its immediate success was a surprise to no one more than the author. His stories show a love of old Georgia associations, old places, old times and old friendships. The big heart and loving nature of the author is shown in every character he has drawn. His Pearce Amerson's Will published in "Lippincott's Magazine" in 1892 was founded on a romance, the character and scenes of which were laid in midway Georgia. He has his favorites in the children of his imagina tion, and Doolana Lines is his favorite among the female characters and Billy
Williams among the male.

JOHN AND JOSEPH LE CONTE.
John Le Conte was born in Liberty county in 1818 and died in California in 1891. He was the son of Lewis Le Conte, the noted French botanist who resided in New York in the past century. John was prepared by Alexander H. Stephens for college and graduated at the university of Georgia. He was distinguished at

28

MEMOIKS OF GEORGIA,

college for his proficiency in mathematics, and at one time occupied the chair of natural philosophy and chemistry at his alma mater. At that time the study
of medicine was the chief profession to be adopted by one of scientific mind, and so he took this degree in Xew York after a several years' course at the College of Physicians and Surgeons in Xew York. For two years he practiced in Savannah, and then went to the university of Georgia. For nine years he remained there, resigning to take charge of the chair of chemistry in the College of Physicians and Surgeons in Xew York. Here he lectured for one winter, but physics rather than chemistry was his favorite study, and a year later he went to lecture on physics in the university of South Carolina, in Columbia. This chair he held until his final move to California in 1869. His scientific works extended throughout fifty years and his contributions will be found in the leading periodicals of Europe and America.
Joseph Le Conte, his brother, was also born in Liberty county, in 1823; he graduated at the university of Georgia and then entered the Lawrence scientific school of Harvard. He studied natural science and geology under Louis Agassiz and accompanied him on an exploring expedition through Florida. He held chairs in Oglethorpe university, the state university, and finally in the university
of California, where his elder brother had preceded him. He married, about 1847, Miss Bessie Nesbit of ililledgcville, a niece of Judge Eugenius A. Nesbit of Macon. The two brothers were never separated from the time Joseph left Oglethorpe for Athens, with the exception of one year when John preceded him to Columbia, till the death of the latter. While there was in some of their charac teristics a radical difference, the relationship between them was rarely beautiful and they lived in the closest intimacy and intellectual sympathy. John's talents were more restricted in his interests to pure science, and he literally lived in an atmosphere of scientifical culture. His love of music, art, poetry, literature was of the deepest kind and he possessed an ardent love of natural scenery. Joseph
was fond of the society of men of talent and humor, while John was rather reticent, preferring that privacy which is essential to continual and deep research. Xext to his devotion to persons and truths, the tetter's most marked trait of character was
his warm, genial, sunny disposition. Speaking of his brother, Joseph Le Conte recently said: "Wherever clearness of thought and accuracy of statement on almost any scientific subject were required I instinctively turned to him as I would to an encyclopaedia." His wonderful memory, his methodical manner of
reading and recording and his clearness of physical conceptions gave him a fullness as well as an accuracy of knowledge rarely obtained. John Le Conte was known as the father of the university of California. In 1869 when he went there it had only thirty-eight students, to-day it has over 1,200 students and an annual
income of over $350,000. The boys' home on the plantation of their father in Liberty count}' has been recently described by Joseph. The attic was fitted up as a chemical laboratory in which the father carried on researches daily. His devo tion to botany, too, was very intense. A large area of several acres of enclosed premises was devoted to the maintenance of botanical and floral gardens, widely known at that time as one of the best in the United States, and often visited by
botanists, both American and foreign. To supply this garden the father made many excursions, often with visiting botanists or collectors, sometimes lasting several days, and always returned laden with botanical treasures. The father's
life was one of utter forgetfulness of self and "entirely devoid of any ambition or vanity of reputation; a labor of passionate love of truth for truth's sake."
John's published works are: Religion and Science, Elements of Geology, Light: An Exposition of the Principles of Monocular and Binocular Vision, Com-

LITERATURE AND JOURNALISM.

29

pend of Geology, Evolution; Its Nature, Its Evidences, and Its Relation to Re
ligious Thought.
Besides these and numerous contributions to scientific periodicals he had commenced during the war, and nearly finished, a complete treatise on physics, in which were embodied his wide knowledge and long experience in teaching. But at the time of the burning of Columbia in 1865 this work was destroyed. John Le Conte's death occurred in 1891. Just as he was about to leave on a year's vacation in 1889 his wife was taken sick and he was compelled to remain at home. In 1894 Joseph was given a year's vacation and spent the most of it in Europe. Before leaving he attended the International congress of Geologists, which met in Washington and was made first vice-president.

ANDREW ADGATE LIPSCOMB.
Andrew Adgate Lipscomb was a. native of the District of Columbia, but most of his long and honored life was spent in Georgia. He was born in 1816 and died in 1890. His literary work was of a very, high order and caused him to be recog nized as one of our most thoughtful and elegant writers. Harper's Magazine in its early years frequently contained notable articles from his pen. Perhaps he was at his best while he was chancellor at the university of Georgia. He was a man of commanding presence and matchless dignity, and yet his genial traits of character and disposition made him a favorite with all classes. His pupils loved him and his intellectual sway was absolute. He resigned his position on account of the death of his son, an event which overshadowed his life ever afterward. His poem, written at the young man's grave, is full of beauty and pathos:
"I thought that thou in coming time Wouldst be my strength and stay;
I thought to find in thy full prime Support amidst decay;
No earthly one such aid could give, So tender, strong and wise;
'Twas happiness with thee to live, Though crushed so many ties.
"But I am here to do for thee, In springtime's early hours,
What thou canst never do for me-- Bedeck my tomb with flowers.
And yet for me a work thou dost, Which not till late I knew;
God help my heart this hope to trust Of all my hopes most true.
"My tears thou wouldst not hear restrained Beside his resting place,
Whose life ne'er gave a moment's pain Or aught else to efface.
I know the loss; I know the gain; And oft have thought they blend
Like sunshine gleaming through the rain When sudden showers descend."
Later Dr. Lipscomb was professor of art and criticism at Vanderbilt university, but the climate did not suit him and he returned to Athens, where he was made emeritus professor, holding that position until his death. Longfellow and Hayne were his devoted friends and Margaret J. Preston wrote: "It is worth while to

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MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

write poetry when it falls into such sympathetic hands as yours;'' and again she said: "You have certainly given two remarkably scholarly books to the Christian reading public. How subtle your thought is, and what depth of Christian philoso phy I find in your studies! Your style is so cultured, and you have the esthetic faculty so largely developed that it takes more than an ordinary reader to follow your discussions. One could think that you had been an art student, so well you seem to understand the somewhat abstruse canons of art. At first blush 1 wondered how you could find so many studies in the Forty Days, but as I come to see how exhaustively you treat the subject, and how many-sided is your way of looking at it, I can better understand how full you find it of Gospel teaching, and how rich a subject it is for education. How vast your reading seems to have been, and what wonderful use you have made of it in the embroidery of your subjects! I cannot now pause over your poetic passages. What a fine one that is at the end of the sixth study of the supplement, but then such abound through out the book.''
Although a Methodist divine, Dr. Lipscomb never outgrew his early fondness for a literary career. During forty years he was a popular contributor to some of the leading magazines of the country. As a Shakspearean critic, the author of Studies in the Forty- Days, Milton and several other poems he will never be for gotten by a large circle of appreciating readers. He was a master of all the graces of style, and never allowed anything from his pen to appear in print until it had been carefully revised. But for his modesty he would have been a more conspicu ous figure in the literary world. He shunned publicity, and when the Appletons wrote to him for some facts about his life and work he felt that it would not be proper for him to furnish a sketch or ask a friend to write it. So the doctor has only a very brief notice in the Cyclopedia, but he has left such a lasting impress upon the culture of his beloved south that he does not need the aid of outside biographers.
CHARLES COLCOCK JONES.
Charles Colcock Jones is descended from English ancestry, his forefathers having come from England to South Carolina nearly two centuries ago. During the revolutionary war his grandfather, John Jones, \vas killed while a major in the continental army, near Savannah, in 1/79. His father, Rev. Charles C. Jones, D. D., was a distinguished minister and was pastor of the First Presbyterian church in Savannah, where Charles C. was born in October, 1831. He afterward retired to his plantation in Liberty county. He was a gentleman of liberal education, and an earnest minister and teacher. Charles C. Jones, Jr., spent his boyhood on the big plantations of his father in Liberty county, where he fished, hunted, sailed boats and enjoyed all sports and amusements engaged in by boys with indulgent parents. Thus he grew up with a strong constitution and a training which was of great value to him in his after life. His father supervised his early studies, with private tutors to aid him. South Caro lina college at Columbia was then presided over by Hon. William C. Preston, and there young Jones spent his freshman and sophomore years, then going to Princeton, X. J., where he was graduated with distinction. He studied law in Phila delphia, and received his degree of LL. 13. in 1855. In addition to the law course he attended the lectures of Agassiz, Longfellow, Wyman, Lowell and Holmes. He returned home, and having spent a winter in the law office of Ward & Owens, became a member of the law firm of Ward, Jackson & Jones. Hon. Henry Jackson, one of the members, had been minister to Austria and Mr. Ward about this time was sent abroad ?.s minister to Chin?.. Col. Jones was one

LITERATURE AND JOURNALISM.

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of the earliest advocates of secession, and when it became necessary to organize in defense of the south, he became the senior first-lieutenant of the Chatham artillery. He was chief of artillery during the siege of Savannah. When the civil war was over Col. Jones moved to New York and began the practice of law. Here he mingled with literary characters which afforded him opportunities of study and research he could not have found then in the south. In 1877 he returned to Georgia and settled at Montrose in Summerville. In 1879 Col. Jones spent several months in travel, and while in England gained much information, which he used in his History of Georgia, a work pronounced by George Bancroft the finest state history ever published, and one that entitled its author to be called the Macauley of the south. He was a rapid worker, his Siege of Savannah being written in seven evenings, his two volumes of the History of Georgia in seven
months and his Histories of Savannah and Augusta in two months. He was regarded after the appearance of his Antiquities of the Southern Indians as the highest authority upon that subject, and that book was the first to bring him into
prominence with European scholars. Col. Jones was the most prolific writer Georgia ever produced and ranks first among southern historical and biograph ical writers of the present generation. He was the eldest of his family, his brother, Prof. Joseph Jones, being a distinguished scholar and chemist. Col. Jones' son, Charles Edgeworth, is a writer of magazine articles and shows evidence of inherit ing his father's talent. Col. Jones was twice married, the first wife being Ruth
(Berrien) Whitehead, of Burke county, and his second, Eva (Berrien) Eve. of Augusta. Both wives were grand-nieces of Hon. John McPherson Berrien, attorney-general in President Jackson's cabinet. Col. Jones was a handsome man, six feet high, broad-shouldered, with a fine head and face. With a com manding presence and charming conversational powers lie possessed an inter esting personality. His death occurred near Augusta, Ga.. in 1893. Col. Jones' published works are: Monumental Remains of Georgia; Historical Sketches of Tomo-chi-chi, Mico of the Yamacraws: Antiquities of the Southern Indians: The Siege of Savannah in December, 1864; The Dead Towns of Georgia; The Life and Services of Commodore Tatnall; Memorial History of Augusta; The
Life, Literary Labors and Neglected Grave of Richard Henry Wilde: Historical Sketches of the Chatham Artillery; Last Days, Death and Burial of Gen. Henry Lee; A Roster of General Officers, Etc., in Confederate Service: The History of Georgia; Negro Myths from the Georgia Coasts; Memorial History of Savannah:
Biographical Sketches of Maj. John Habersham, of Georgia.

FATHER ABRAM J. RYAN.

Father Abram J. Ryan, born in Virginia in 1834, and died in Kentucky

in 1886, was at one time claimed as one of Georgia's poets. For several years

after the war he was a resident of Augusta. He was born in Norfolk, Va., and

his parents came from Limerick. Ireland. There being no priest at Norfolk

the babe was taken to Hagerstown, Md., for baptism, and this incident has been

the cause of much discussion as to Father Ryan's birth-place. Early training and

example of a good, patient Christian mother contributed much to Father Ryan's

noble life, and to that mother did the good man dedicate his poems, or as he ex

pressed it, "laid his simple rhymes as a garland of love" at her feet. Her piety

did much in shaping his character, and he has said in speaking of his childhood

davs:

"I felt

That when I knelt

To listen to my mother's prayer. God wrs v.'th my mother there."

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MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

When a lad of seven or eight years his parents moved to St Louis, and there he attended the Brothers of the Christian school. He early showed mental activity and graces of character which endeared him to teachers and schoolmates. His reverence for sacred things and places led to the selection of the priesthood for his vocation. He soon entered the ecclesiastical seminary at Niagara, N. Y., and graduated with distinction and began at once the active duties of missionary life. On the outbreak of the war he joined the Confederate army as chaplain, and served until the close. A strict adherent to principle, and a man of deep conviction, he was slow to accept the results of the war, which he believed were fraught with disaster to the people of his section. He was a southerner of the strongest kind. "Their chariot-wheels had laid waste and desolated the land, and he for one could not bow and kiss the hands that had caused all this woe," and so he could make no concessions to the north. His was an open, manly character, and he was ever moved by kind impulses and influenced by charitable feelings, and so it was that when the yellow fever scourge devastated the southern land and the northern heart responded in sympathy to the affliction Father Ryan experienced a change and sung that glorious melody, "Reunited."
"The Northland, strong in love, and great, Forgot the stormy days of strife; Forgot that souls with dreams of hate Or unforgiveness e'er were rife, Forgotten were each thought and hushed; Save--she was generous and her foe was crushed."

"Thus it was the angel of affliction and the angel of charity joined hands
together and pronounced the benediction over a restored Union and a reunited
people." When hostilities had ceased and he heard of Lee's surrender he wrote the poem,
"Conquered Banner." "Furl that Banner, for 'tis weary; Round its staff 'tis drooping dreary; Furl it, fold it, it is best; For there's not a man to wave it, And there's not a sword to save it. And there's not one left to lave it In the blood which heroes gave it; And its foes now scorn and brave it; Furl it, hide it--let it rest.
***
"Furl that Banner, softly, slowly! Treat it gently--It is holy--
For it droope above the dead. Touch it not--unfold it never, Let it droop there, furled forever,
For its people's hopes are dead:"

His poem, the well known "Sword of Robert Lee," was written about the same time. Father Ryan was always a great sympathizer with Ireland, and his feelings found vent in Erin's Flag:
"Lift it up! lift it up! the old banner of green! The blood of her sons has but brightened its sheen; What though the tyrant has trampled it down, Are its folds not emblazoned with deeds of renwn? What though for ages it droops in the dust, Phall it droop thus forever? No, no! God is just."

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He lived once in Nashville, Tenn., and then moved to Clarksville, Tenn., and later still to Augusta, Ga. He edited the "Banner of the South" for five years, but this work was too exacting for him and he resigned from the paper. From 1870 to 1883 he was with St Mary's church in Mobile, Ala. While lecturing in its behalf his health failed and he entered a Franciscan monastery to rest. While there he started his Life of Christ, but before it was finished the angel of death called him home. When the smallpox was raging in 1862 in the Gratiot state prison, the chaplain, alarmed, sought safety in flight No other was found who was willing to risk his life by ministering to the sick and dying. One day a dying man asked for a minister and Father Ryan was sent for. He responded imme diately and remained there for months attending to the sick and suffering. At the close of the war he lived near Beauvoir, Miss., and became an intimate friend of the Davis family. He was fond of music and would for hours play at the piano. Then the spirit would seize him and he would write his sweetest lines. It has been written of him: "He was a charming poet--one who could rekindle the smoldering embers in the heart, and make them burn with a fiercer flame than those which burned on vestal altars. 'He combined in one nature the impuls iveness of the Celt and the warm-heartedness of the southerner, and when he died he was mourned by all, irrespective of creed. A Roman Catholic, he was honored by Protestants; an Irishman, he was loved and admired by native Americans. Outside of race and creed, he was respected for his true manhood."
He had already won distinction as an orator, a lecturer, an essayist and a poet. "The leading merits of his poems are the simple sublimity of his verses; the rare and chaste beauty of his conceptions; the richness and grandeur of his thoughts; and their easy natural flow; the refined elegance and captivating force of the terms he employs as the medium through which he communicates those thoughts, and the weird fancy which throws around them charms peculiarly their own; these and other merits will win for their author enduring fame." Among his works were the following: Poems (Patriotic, Religious, Miscellaneous), Song of the Mystic, The Sword of Robert Lee, The Prayer of the South, The Conquered Banner, Gather the Sacred Dust, ---- Their Story Runneth Thus, Erin's Flag,
A Crown for Our Queen (prose).

ALEXANDER HAMILTON STEPHENS.
Alexander Hamilton Stephens, who died during his gubernatorial term in 1883 at the age of seventy-one, was generally recognized as one of the foremost of American statesmen. He began life a poor orphan, and was indebted to the kindness of a wealthy friend for his education at the university of Georgia. Pres ident Moses Waddell was at that time the president of the college, and under the supervision of that great educator young Stephens made rapid progress. He ranked high as a scholar and a debater, and his record was very gratifying to his benefactor, and the lady who had become interested in his case, and who aided in defraying his expenses. It was thought that he would enter the ministry, but he changed his mind, paid back the money advanced for him, and managed to get through by his own efforts. For some time after graduating he taught school, and while teaching he was admitted to the bar after reading law only two months. Then began a severe struggle. During the first year he lived on six dollars a month and saved $400. He was quite successful in his profession and in 1836 was elected a member of the legislature. He was in congress several vears before the war, and was vice-president of the Confederacy; a member of congress for several terms after the war. and in 1882 he was elected governor. II-3

34

MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

While an indefatigable student and writer he did not make his appearance as an author until 1867, when his War Between the States was published. This large work in two volumes was sold by subscription, and found its way into thousands of libraries. His school and pictorial History of the United States had a large sale, and won favor with the public. As an author Mr. Stephens was noted for his painstaking accuracy, reliability and impartiality. Although he opposed secession until the very last, and then followed the fortunes of the south, even to the extent of accepting the second office in the Confederacy, he always main tained the right of each state to withdraw from the Union, and his books are remarkable for the strong array of authorities and the arguments advanced to support his views on this subject. At the close of the war he was arrested and imprisoned five months in Fort Warren. He was then paroled, and his wise coun sels materially aided in the restoration of law and order and good government in Georgia. Mr. Stephens was an invalid all his life, but he managed to get through with an immense amount of work. He was a favorite with all classes and all political parties and no man could supplant him in the affections of the people. It was generally admitted by his friends and opponents that he was an absolutely pure man, controlled by the highest and most patriotic motives. His life was one of work and pain, and his best energies were consecrated to the service of his people. His law practice and his books brought him a large income, but he spent every dollar of it in helping others. He was instrumental in educating nearly 100 young men. and many of them were entirely supported by him while they were at college. His charity manifested itself in many other ways, and at the time of his death his estate consisted only of his home place at Crawfordville and his library. The princely fortune accumulated by his labors had been spent in advancing the welfare of others. His speeches and writings will find readers for generations to come. They are not characterized by any extraordinary graces of style, but they convey much useful political and historical information, and if his sentences sometimes halt they are nevertheless clear and forcible, with the stamp of scholarship and profound thought. Unlike many public men, he was
a lover of the best literature, and he was never happier than when he was at work in his library at "Liberty Hall," as his home was called. It is to be regretted that he did not find time to give still more work from his hand to the public.

THOMAS R. R. COBB.
Thomas R. R. Cobb, born in Athens in 1823, and killed on the battlefield in Virginia in 1862, was a lawyer, statesman and soldier whose gifts as a writer gave early promise of distinction. After a brilliant career at the state university he leaped to the front of the legal profession, while still a mere youth. He was the author of The Law of Slavery, a work which received the highest tributes of praise from the ablest lawyers of the Union. His Digest of the Laws of Georgia also ranks high. At the time of his death he was a brigadier-general, and one of the ablest and most daring of the southern generals. In Georgia he will long be remembered as the devoted friend of education. He built an academy at his own expense, and was the chief mover in establishing the Lucy Cobb institute a' Athens, which was named in honor of one of his daughters. He was happily married to an intellectual woman, Miss Marion Lumpkin, the daughter of Chief Justice Lumpkin. His widow and several children survive him, and his youngest daughter is the wife of the Hon. Hoke Smith, secretary of the interior. Of his famous Digests Judge Richard H. Clark said: "This code was born during the war. hence its failure to create the sensation in the legal and literary world

LITERATURE AND JOURNALISM.

35

it would otherwise have created. The 'legal lights' are just now waking to the
fact that it is the only code in the United States where the common law and the principles of equity have been reduced to a series of separate and distinct propo sitions, having the form and force of statutory laws. The credit of its distinguish
ing feature belongs entirely to Mr. Cobb." He was cut down by a shell at Fredericksburg, when only thirty-nine years old; had he lived he would have been one of the greatest leaders of the new south.

HENRY R. JACKSON.
Henry R. Jackson, born at Athens in 1820, has been a commanding figure in public life and at the bar for more than fifty years. Most of his life has been spent in Savannah, where he still resides. His father was the younger brother of Gov. James Jackson, and his mother was a daughter of Thomas Reade'Rootes, esquire, of Fredericksburg, Va. Their son, Henry R. Jackson, graduated at Yale, and in a short time became one .of the most successful lawyers in the south; he fought gallantly as a colonel in the Mexican war and as a general in the Confederate army. He was also minister to Austria before the war and minister to Mexico under Mr. Cleveland's first administration. Geri. Jackson early devel oped decided poetic gifts and many of his poems have never been preserved. In a volume styled Tallulah and Other Poems, published in 1850, many of his poems appear. The ones that attracted the most attention were My Father, My Wife and Child, and Old Red Hills of Georgia. The poem My Wife and Child was written at Camargo, Mexico, while the Mexican war was in progress. Every Georgian appreciated The Red Hills of Georgia:
"The red old hills of Georgia! My heart la on them now;
Where, fed from golden streamlets, Oconee's waters flow!
I love them with devotion, The walks so bleak and bare.
How can my spirit e'er forget The warm hearts dwelling there?
"And where upon their surface Is heart to feeling dead?--
And when has needy stranger Gone from those hills unfed?
Their bravery and kindness For aye go hand In hand,
Upon your washed and naked hills, My own, my native land!"

SIDNEY LANIER.
Sidney Lanier was born at Macon, Ga., where his father, Robert S. Lanier, was a practicing lawyer. His mother was Mary Anderson, of Scotch descent, a native of Virginia, and gifted in poetry and music. When a child he taught himself to play upon the banjo, guitar, piano, violin and flute. He afterward became the finest flute player in the world. At the age of fourteen he entered Oglethorpe college near Midway, Ga., and was graduated, taking class honors. He excelled in mathematics, and during his whole college life it is said that he never shirked a duty or a responsibility. After graduation he remained in the school as tutor until the breaking out of the war. He and a younger brother, Clifford,

36

MEMOIRS OP GEORGIA.

enlisted as privates in the Confederate army with the Macon volunteers of the Second Georgia battalion. Several times Sidney was offered promotion, but he always refused it, because it would have separated him from his much beloved brother. The first year in the camp was pleasant without many hardships, and Sidney spent his time in learning French, German and Spanish, and in playing his flute. Later on he was in the battles of Seven Pines, Drury's Bluff, and the seven days' fighting around Richmond. After the fight at Malvern Hill the brothers were transferred to the signal service and stationed for a short time at Petersburg. He saw service in Virginia and North Carolina, and toward the last of the war the brothers were separated, each being put in charge of a vessel to run the blockade. Sidney's vessel was captured and he was confined for five months at Point Lookout prison. He had concealed his flute in his sleeve and this now became his dearest treasure. Near the close of the war he was exchanged and with his flute and a twenty dollar gold piece which he had when captured, he started for his Georgia home on foot in February, 1865. In March he reached home, exhausted from his tramp, and six weeks of illness followed, during which time his mother died of consumption. The two years following he was employed as a clerk in Montgomery, Ala. The second year he went north to see about the publication of his novel. Tiger Lilies. Of this book, describing his life during the war, Dr. Ward has written: "It is a luxuriant, unpruned work, written in haste for the press within the space of three weeks, but one which gives rich promise of the poet" Returning south he became principal of a school at Prattville and in the same year, 1867. married Miss Mary Day, daughter of Charles Day, of Macon. She had the utmost faith in her husband's abilities, and of this belief in him Mr. Lanier has written most gratefully. In My Springs he writes of her thus:
"O Love, O wife, thine eyes are they My Springs from out whose shining gray Issue the sweet celestial streams That feed my life's bright Lake of Dreams.
"Oval and large and passion-pure And gray and wise and honor-sure, Soft as a dying violet breath, Yet calmly unafraid of death.
"Dear eyes: dear eyes! and rare complete, Being heavenly sure and earthly sweet, I marvel that God made you mine, For when be frowns 'tis then you shine."

About a year after his marriage a severe hemorrhage of the lungs alarmed his friends and wife, and caused him to resign his principalship. He then began to practice law with his father, and for five years proceeded, all the time struggling against consumption. By the advice of physicians he went to Texas for a change of climate. This did not bring the desired improvement, and knowing at best his life would not be long, and conscious of his genius, he determined to devote his remaining days to music and poetry. "With his flute and pen as sword and staff he turned his path northward, where an author had better opportunities for study and observation than in the struggling south, in which pretty much the whole of life had been merely not dying," In Baltimore, where he had made his home, he was engaged as first flute in the Peabody symphony concerts. Asger Hamerik, his director for six years in the Peabody symphony orchestra, thus speaks of him: "I will never forget the impression he made on me when he played the flute concerto of Emil Hartman at a Peabody symphony concert in 1878,--his tall,

LITERATURE AND JOURNALISM.

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handsomo, manly presence; his flute breathing noble sorrows, noble joys; the orchestra softly responding. The audience was spell-bound. Such distinction, such refinement! He stood the master, the genius."
During this time he was carrying on a course of study in the Anglo-Saxon and the early English texts. For months at a time he would have to give up all work and seek a change of air. Having contracted a fresh cold in November, 1876, he was obliged to go to Florida, and returning home, spent a while with friends in Georgia and Tennessee. For three winters following he played in the Peabody concerts in Baltimore. A course of Shakespearean lectures he delivered severely taxed his waning strength, but was the means of getting him the chair of English literature at Johns Hopkins. This brought him a regular salary and stimulated him to give utterance to his songs. Prominent among these were the Song of the Chattahoochee, A Song of Love, The Revenge of Hamish. He then was forced to go to Rockingham Springs, Va., where he lay exhausted by hem orrhages. Still his indomitable energy led him to do the work of a strong man. Besides many poems, he wrote here and sent to the press his Science of English Verse, the only one in existence, giving a scientific basis of poetry. Rallying himself he went to Baltimore in September, and the amount of work the dying man now accomplished was marvelous. He opened lecture schools, attended constant rehearsals, lectured at the university, besides writing poems. In Jan uary he was again ill, and continued failing until July, when he went to West Chester, Pa. As the weather grew cooler he returned to Baltimore and attended his lectures in a. carriage, always sitting as he lectured. Such a force of will was wonderful. He wrote Sunrise when he couldn't feed himself. As a last resort he was taken to Asheville, N. C., and Mrs. Lanier, with her youngest child, came on to nurse him. As there was no improvement in his condition he made another effort, and the husband and wife took carriage across the mountain to Lynn, Polk Co. The father and brother were summoned here by telegram to the dying man, but they arrived too late to see him alive. The body was taken to Baltimore. In 1888 a marble bust was erected to his memory in that city.

ABSALOM CHAPPELL.
Absalom Chappell, born in Hancock countv in 1801, and died in 1878, was the author of several books of value in their time, but not found in circulation now. They contained papers on The Oconee War, The Yazoo Fraud, Middle Georgia and the Negro, Gen. James Jackson, and Gen. Anthony Wayne. Col. Chappell was educated at that well-known school at Mt. Zion taught by Dr. Beman. He graduated from the law school of the state university under the guidance of Judge Clayton. He first practiced in Sandersville. then in Forsyth, afterward in Macon, and finally settled in Columbus, Ga. He married Miss Loretta R. Lamar, the sister of the poet, Mirabeau Lamar.

AUGUSTA EVANS WILSON.
There is no southern novelist better known than this author, who was born in Columbus, Ga., May 8, 1835. There are few romance writers of this country whose books have reached a greater circulation than these of Augusta Evans (Mrs. Wilson). Her father was M. R. Evans, a man of wealth, intellect and refine ment, and her mother was Sarah S. Howard, a descendant of the Howards, one of the most cultivated families of Georgia. She was a child when her father moved to Texas at the end of the Mexican war, and no educational opportunities

38

MEMOIRS OP GEORGIA.

being offered in the neighborhood of San Antonio, her home, her schooling devolved upon the mother. It was there she received that literary training which fitted her for the remarkable achievements which have followed the course of her career. The mother was not only a woman of refinement and intelligence, but of literary tastes and any amount of pure southern bravery, who allowed nothing to prevent her daughter from cultivating her natural talent Her first story, Inez, a tale of the Alamo, was written when she was only fifteen years old, and was published by the Harpers in 1855. Its scenery represents the surrounding
country of the author's home, and the exciting events accompanying the Mexican war furnished a bright part of the theme. Beulah next appeared, and is con sidered by many her best book. The civil war interrupted her literary work, and it was a long time before her third novel, Macaria, was published. It passed the blockade by going to Cuba and thence to Xew York. It was written while the author sat in hospitals and nursed soldiers at Camp Beulah. near Mobile. A bookseller of Virginia first printed the book on coarse paper at an office in South
Carolina. It was dedicated to the brave soldiers of the southern army, but the edition was all destroyed by a Federal officer in Kentucky. The issue was finally made by Lippencott & Derby, and the author partly protected as to her rights through the efforts of this firm. After the civil war ended Miss Evans took the manuscript of St. Elmo to Xew York in person. This was then the greatest of her works, and abounded with many historical references, showing great study and
research. There have been few novels more abused or more commended than St. Elmo. Its success exceeded all expectations, and the author was the idol of the day. Towns, hotels, race horses and steamboats were named after the book, and the remuneration received by Miss Evans was a big figure. St. Elmo contains a description of that marvel of oriental architecture, the Taj Mahal at Agra in India--a marble tomb erected to perpetuate the name of Lalla Rookh. A traveler visiting Agra in 1891, writes that he was surprised to find a Parsee boy
almost in the shadow of the Taj Mahal reading a copy of the London edition of Mrs. Wilson's Yashti. This book also met rvith unbounded favor. About this time Miss Evans married Mr. Wilson, a prominent citizen of Mobile, Ala. On account of her health he requested htr to discontinue her novel writing, which
she did. devoting herself to decorating her h-jme and grounds. This home is located in a grove of magnificent oaks and fragrant magnolia trees on a beautiful road near Mobile. She has refused time and time again liberal offers, and not even a proposition to let her name her own price for a serial could tempt her. She has been offered $35,000 tc allow her books to be published in cheap paper back
form, not to interfere with her library bound editions, but refused to do so. She received 815,000 for Yashti before it ever went to press. Ten years elapsed between Infelice and her last work, At the Mercy of Tiberius. Mrs. Wilson loves Beryl the best of all characters, and considers At the Mercy of Tiberius her
strongest book. Her whole life has been spent in the south, and she is a typical southerner. Sensitive and retiring, she is very appreciative of the good will of her fellow beings, and considers it a nobler privilege to possess the affections of "my country-women than to assist my country-men in making national laws."
Miss Mildred Rutherford says of Mrs. Wilson: "Mrs. Wilson has frequently been pronounced the most brilliant and fascinating writer in the south. That she
is a remarkable woman no one will deny. Entering the literary field without literary training at the age of sixteen, by her continued meritorious work she stands without question at the head of the novel writers of the south. She has woven into her novels all that is good and great in the human race, and she has
given to her heroes and heroines the imperishable virtues of morality, Chris-

LITERATURE AND JOURNALISM.

39

tianity and beauty. She is not a professional writer; literature has rather been an embellishment of her life. Her style has been severely criticised as pedantic, but certainly this charge may with equal justice be brought against George Meredith, Bulwer and George Eliot, and it is well established that Mrs. \Yilson's books have in many instances stimulated her young readers to study history, myth ology and the sciences, from which she so frequently draws her illustrations."

HARRY STILLWELL EDWARDS.
Harry Stilhvell Edwards, the author of Two Runaways and other stories, was born in Macon, Ga., April 23, 1854. He attended a private school until fifteen years of age, when he accepted a clerkship in Washington, D. C. He returned to Georgia and studied law, graduating from Mercer university, Macon, with the degree of B. L. Then followed a period passed through by many young lawyers. Cases were few and an income was slow in materializing. His first literary effort was Varoli Bayerdierre, and appeared in the "Waverly Magazine" of Boston. He received the sum of fifteen dollars for this production, and at once dropped law and adopted story-writing as a profession. He wrote stories for this magazine and was local editor of the ''Macon Telegraph" for several years. Then in 1881 he became part owner and associate editor of the paper. The gifted Albert R. Lamar was then managing editor. He also wrote many interest ing, humorous and pathetic poems and sketches, some of which were The Atlanta Horn, The Man on the Monument and The Dooly County Safe. In 1885 his first magazine story of any decided merit, Elder Brown's Backslide, was pub lished in "Harper's Magazine." It was followed by the Two Runaways, Sister Todhunter's Heart, De Valley an' de Shadder, and Idyl of Sinkin' Mountain, Mine, A Plot, Tom's Strategy, A Born Inventor and How Sal Came Through, all of which appeared in the "Century." Old Miss an' Sweetheart was subse quently published in "Harper's." He wrote many dialect verses, and has furnished many children's stories for "St Nicholas" and "Youth's Companion." In 1890 the "Century" published the Two Runaways and other stories. Besides pos sessing literary talents he is quite musical, having set to music Mammy's LiT Boy and Comin' from the Fields, two of his poems. In 1881 he married Miss Mary Roxie Lane, of Sparta, Ga. He is widely-known socially and enjoys the respect and friendship of all. Mrs. Augusta Lamar (Bacon) Cum- writes of this wellknown story-writer: "All of Harry Edwards' sketches are founded on fact. He is thoroughly familiar with the scenes and characters of which he writes, and selects his subjects from the every-day life around him. His plots are thoroughly original; there is nothing of the commonplace in them, and his stories are filled with quaint conceits and bright ideas. Mine, A Plot, is so thoroughly peculiar that it would be impossible to give an idea of it in a short sketch. He has the happy faculty of never repeating himself. Each story, no matter what the subject, while thoroughly true to life, is a new and distinct phase of human character, excellently drawn. His style, simple and unaffected, is a delightful combination of sentiment and pathos, with the sublimest humor."

MATT CRIM.
Miss Matt Crim was born in Atlanta, and has spent her life chiefly in Georgia. She was educated almost entirely in her native city. She now lives in New York. She wrote for the Sunny South and the Savannah papers, but her first sketch to attract general attention was An Unfortunit Creetur, which ap-

4Q

MEMOIRS OF GF.OAGIA.

peared in the "Century." "Harper's" and the "Independent" have since pub lished many of her stories. Her books are The Adventures of a Fair Rebel, and
In Beaver Cove and Elsewhere.

ELIZA FRANCIS ANDREWS.
Miss Eliza Francis Andrews was born in 1847, and her first work was A Family Secret, descriptive of southern life. A Mere Adventurer appeared in 1879, and in this Miss Andrews makes a plea for a wider field of usefulness for woman. The Letters of Elzey Hay were written mostly from Florida to the "Augusta Chronicle." Miss Andrews' home is Washington, Wilkes Co., Ga., and she was educated at the La Grange Female college. She is now a teacher at Wesleyan Female college at Macon--the "mother of all female colleges." She is never idle, and is a popular contributor to current literature in Georgia.

WILLIAM H. HAYNE.
William H. Hayne was born in Charleston, S. C., in 1856, and is the son of Paul Hayne, the "King Arthur" of the pen. He was delicate in his youth, and outside of a short time spent at Dr. Porter's school in Charleston, was educated at home by his parents. His literary career began about 1879, an^ he has written enough poems to fill two volumes. His poems for children have ap peared in "St. Nicholas," "Wide Awake," "Harper's Young People" and the "Independent." In 1873 ne visited the north with his father, and in 1877 went once more, and was well-received. His poems are accepted by the best periodi cals, and arc much praised. His home after the war was Copse Hill, in the cottage already described in the sketch of his father's life. "The place became a sort of southern Mecca, to which loving folk made pilgrimages, and its name, 'Copse Hill,' grew familiar to all the world." There the father died in 1886. Many of William Hayne's choice morsels are in the quatrain form:
"It secerns impossible to understand How joy and sorrow mar be hand in hand; Yet God created when the earth was born The changeless paradox of night and morn."

Then again:

"Hopes grimly banished from the heart Are the sad exiles that depart To melancholy's rayiess goal-- A bleak Siberia of the soul."

This beautiful tribute to his father is from his pen:
"The guardian pines upon the bill Were strangely motionless and chill, As if they drew his last loved breath From the uplifted wings of Death. And now their mingled voices say, The passing of a soul away-- The tenderest of the souls of men-- Our dead King Arthur of the pen! Oh, kindred of the sea and shore. Our grief is yours forevermore: His body lieth cold and still, For death has triumphed on the hill!"

LITERATURE AND JOURNALISM.

41

At the unveiling of Sidney Lanier's bust in Macon, Ga., 1870, William Hayne delivered the poem of the occasion, and it was a grand tribute to the man it was intended to honor. Mr. Hayne has published one volume of his poems, Sylvan Lyrics.

CHARLES W. HUBNER.
Charles W. Hubner, of Atlanta, is of German lineage, and a native of Baltimore, Md. His boyhood was passed in Germany, studying music and the classics. He served in the Confederate army, and has been editorially connected with a number of papers in Atlanta, Ga.--the "Constitution," the "Evening Jour nal," the "Christian' Index"--and was the literary editor of the "American," established by Dr. Armstrong. Some of Mr. Hubner's poems are of great beauty and a faultless rythm, and are the product of half hours of leisure in the midst of the exacting duties of professional journalism. His touching and tender song, Spirit Eyes, is dedicated to a daughter who died. In speaking of her he says: "The Spirit Eyes I sing are her eyes, smiling down upon me wherever I turn my own tear-dimmed eyes to the starry splendors that blaze in the infinite blue. She was my darling, and just blooming into young maidenhood, when 'God's finger touched her' and she fell asleep in my arms to waken into life eternal. The sudden blow almost broke my heart, and the words were written with a pen dipped in the blood of a father's heart." .
His works are: Historical Souvenirs of Luther, Wild Flowers, Cinderella Lyrical Drama, Modern Communism, The Wonder Stone, Poems and Essays.

JAMES R. RANDALL.
James R. Randall, the author of Maryland, My Maryland, the war lyric which Oliver Wendell Holmes said was the best poem produced during the civil war, was born in Baltimore in 1843, and for twenty years was editor and writer on the "Augusta Chronicle." He is of English and French ancestry, "with a dash of Irish." He was educated at the Catholic college in Georgetown, D. C. In 1860 he was in New Orleans engaged in journalistic work. One night, while a professor at Poydras college, Point Coupee, La., he arose from a feverish dream and wrote the words of Maryland, My Maryland. He was immediately made famous. The story of how it was put to music is interesting. Frederic Berat chose the tune Ma Normandie, but later the lovely German lyric, Tannebaum, O Tannebaum, was selected. After the battle of Manassas some Maryland ladies visiting Gen. Beauregard were serenaded by the Washington artillery of New Orleans. After the serenade the soldiers asked for a song, and Miss Jennie Cary sang Maryland, My Maryland. The soldiers caught the refrain, and the whole camp rang with the beautiful melody. From that time Maryland became a national war song of the south. At the close of the war Mr. Randall married Miss Kate Hammond, the daughter of Col. Marcus Hammond, of South Caro lina. Mr. Randall's journalistic work has received practical recognition from Hon. Patrick Walsh, the editor of the "Augusta Chronicle," who is the general manager of the Southern Associated Press, and warm friendship exists between them. In 1886 Mr. Randall left the "Chronicle" to associate himself with the "Anniston Hot Blast," and a year later he returned to his old home in Baltimore and became an editorial writer on the "Baltimore Press." His second war song, There's Life in the Old Land Yet, was written after the battle of Manassas, when the Maryland legislature took a step toward secession. In Memoriam was written when Pelham was killed, and Arlington soon followed, completing

42

MEMOIRS OP GEORGIA.

the quartet of war songs. Why the Robin's Breast Is Red, Young Marcellus and Eidolon are others of his poems. Mr. Randall has been called by his friends the "Tyrtaeus" of the late war.

HENRY LYNDEN FLASH.
Henry Lynden Flash was a Buckeye boy by birth, and his parents were natives of Jamaica. He grew to manhood in New Orleans, and was educated in the Western Military institute of Kentucky. After graduation he went into business in Mobile, Ala. After a visit to Italy he returned to this country and settled in Mobile, then in Galveston, Tex. He served in the Confed erate army until the last year of the war, when he bought and edited the "Macon Daily Telegraph and Confederate." It was in the columns of this paper that his poems were first read. He married Miss Clara Dolsen, of New Orleans. In 1886 he moved to Los Angeles, Cal., where he has since resided. He has only written poetry, as he so inclined, being steadily engaged in business. His poems have been collected and published. The poem, Shadows in the Valley, is consid ered one of his best The first and last verses are:
"There's a mossy, shady valley. Where the waters wind and flow,
And the daisies sleep in winter 'Neath a coverlet of snow;
And violets, blue-eyed violets, Bloom in beauty in the spring,
And the sun-beams kiss the wavelets Till they seem to laugh and sing;
"And no slab of pallid marble Rears its white and ghostly head,
Telling wanderers in the valley Of the virtues of the dead;
But a lily is her tombstone, And a dew-drop, pure and white,
Is an epitaph an angel wrote In the stillness of the night."
ORELIA KEY BELL.
Orelia Key Bell was born in Atlanta in 1864, and is the daughter of Marcus A. Bell. She is related to Francis Scott Key. She was educated in the Atlanta public schools and early developed a taste for literature. He'r poetical genius was first encouraged by Henry W. Grady, of the "Atlanta Con stitution," and she was spurred to further efforts by Mr. Page Baker, editor of the "New Orleans Times-Democrat," who accepted many of her poems. The "Century" used her productions, as did the "New York Sun," and it was in the latter paper that Gathering Roses first appeared. She is employed by the "De troit Free Press" to furnish "flower songs" and "love songs" for its columns. Several of her poems have been set to music by disinguished composers, and elocutionists all over the land recite man}' of them. Miss Bell is at her best in her poems of nature. Her poems number in the hundreds. Those which attract the most attention are Po' Jo, Gathering Roses, To Youth, My Dream, Under the Laurel, To-day's Gethsemane, The Jamestown Weed and The Dead Worker.

LITERATURE AND JOURNALISM.

43

Her poems will soon appear in book form. Mariposa, said to be the best she has written, has not yet been published.

FRANK LEBBT STANTON.
Frank Lebby Stanton, the poet of the "Atlanta Constitution," was born in Charleston, S. C., in 1858. He lived while growing to manhood, as he expresses it, "from one end of Georgia to the other." His father moved from Charleston, S. C., to Savannah, Ga., where he died in 1865, and the boy at nine years of age began work on the farm. He studied hard and for six years was in a printing office. He then went to Smithville, where he founded the "Smithville News." Next he located at Rome and was employed on the "Tribune," a paper made so prominent by the writings of John Temple Graves, its editor. He began writing poetry at fifteen. He moved from Rome to Atlanta and edited the column, "Just from Georgia." His volume, Songs of a Day, was well received and passed rapidly through several editions. He is of a sensitive, tender nature, and the secret of his success is that his poems come from his heart, and go to the heart. They have a touch of nature in every line. The wife of Mr. Stanton has inspired many of his best efforts. His Dreamin' O' Home was written after talking with her of the old home at Smithville. A Little Hand was written from seeing her train a vine over the porch, and again he wrote of her hands:
"No Jewels adoin them--no glittering bands-- They are Just as God made them--those sweet, sweet hands! And not for the world, with its splendor and gold Nor for the pearls from the depths of the sea, Nor the queens of the lands, with their beautiful hands, Should these dear hands be taken from me. What exquisite blisses await their commands! They were made for my kisses--these dear, sweet hands."

MARIA LOUISE EVE.
Maria Louise Eve is a native of Augusta, Ga., and was born in 1848. She is the daughter of Dr. Edward Armstrong Eve, who was an eminent physician. The family of Eve when it first came to America settled in Philadelphia, after ward in Charleston, S. C., and finally came to Augusta, Ga. In 1866 she secured a prize of $100 for a prose essay, and in 1879 a prize of the same amount for the best poem expressing the gratitude of the south to the north for aid in the yellow fever epidemic.
This poem, Conquered at Last, begins:
"You came to us once, O brothers in wrath. And rue desolation followed your path. You corquered us then, but only in part, For a stubborn thing is the human heart."
And it ends:
"You conquered us once, our swords we gave; We yield now our hearts--they are all we have; Our last trench was there, and it held out long; It is yours, O friends, and you'll And it strong. Your love had a magic diviner than art, And 'conquered by kindness1 we'll write on our heart"

44

MEMOIRS OP GEORGIA.

Her Brier Rose won the prize for the best poem offered by the "Augusta Chronicle" in 1889, and her poem, The Lion and Eagle, a welcome to the Eng land peace deputation, attracted much attention. Her writings are limited in number, but are of excellent quality.

LOLLIE BELLE WYLIE.
Lollie Belle Wylie was born in Bayou Coden, Ala., and her father dying when she was a babe, she was reared by her maternal grandfather, William D. Ellis, of Georgia. She was married to Hart Wylie when nineteen years of age, and after nine years of wedded life the husband died, leaving the widow with two little girls to support. Her first volume of poems, fresh from the press, was placed on her desk just as her husband died. Two years later she accepted Mr. Hoke Smith's offer to become society editor on the "Atlanta Jour nal," a position she held until she established a paper of her own--"Society." She is vice-president of the Woman's Press club of Georgia.

MONTGOMERY M. FOLSOM.
Montgomery M. Folsom, one of the editors of the "Rome Tribune," was born in Lowndes county, Ga., in 1857. His education was picked up in one of the old field schools and for three years he drove cattle. He was con nected with the "Americus Daily Recorder" in 1884, and then went to the "Atlanta Constitution." He edited at different times the "Cedartown Standard," the "At lanta Commonwealth" and the "Cedartown Guardian." He became associated with the "Atlanta Journal" in 1891. His published work is entitled Scraps of Song and Southern Scenes, and his sketches and poems appear in magazines all over the country.
J. L. M. CCBRT, D. D., LL. D.
J. L. M. Cum-, D. D.. LL. D., was born in Georgia in 1825, and is of Scotch and English ancestry. He graduated from the university of Georgia in 1843, and studied law at Harvard. He has been a member of the Alabama legislature and has twice represented Georgia in congress. Under President Cleveland's first administration Mr. Curry was sent as minister to Spain. He has written much for newspapers and reviews and is the author of Constitutional Govern ment in Spain, Gladstone, Establishment and Dis-establishment, or Progress of Soul Liberty in America. The last work has attracted much attention in England and America. He is a Baptist in his religious views, and is considered one of the most prominent divines of that denomination. Mercer university, appreciat ing his abilities, conferred upon him the degree of LL. D., and he holds the same degree from his alma mater.
ATTICUS GREEN HAYGOOD.
Atticus Green Haygood, born in 1830, was graduated from Emory college. Ga., and was at once licensed to preach in the Methodist Episcopal church. In 1876 he was made president of Emory college. Dr. Haygood was offered the bishopric, but declined, feeling that he could do better service in the management of the Paine institute fund, but finally accepted the honor in 1890. His first book. Go or Send, published in 1873, was a pri^e essay on missions. Our Children, published in 1876. was well received, and 14,000 copies were sold. His other works are: Our Brother in Black. Sermons and Speeches, Pleas for

LITERATURE AND JOURNALISM.

45

Congress, The Man of Galilee, Jack-Knife and Brambles. Mr. Haygood is one of the ablest men in the southern Methodist conference. His sister is the wellknown teacher, Miss Laura Haygood, who has been missionary to China for ten years.
"BILL ARP."

Charles H. Smith, or "Bill Arp," was born in Gwinnett county, Ga., in 1826. His father was from Massachusetts, and settled in Savannah, where he married
a pupil in a school he was teaching. He "grew up as bad as other town boys,
went to school some and worked some." He entered Franklin college at Athens, but did not graduate. He then studied law. He married Miss Mary Octavia
Hutchins, and they have ten children. His famous letters first appeared when the war commenced, and were written in the Josh Billings style of spelling. They were rebellious letters in a humorous way, and attracted attention, not only for the humor but from the fact that what he good-naturedly said was so much to the point that it reached every true southerner. The "Courier-Journal" said of his
letter to Artemus Ward in 1865, that: "It was the first chirp of any bird after the surrender, and gave relief and hope to thousands of drooping hearts." Another
paper said: "His writings are delightful mixtures of humor and philosophy.
There is no cynicism in his nature, and he always pictures the brightest side of domestic life, and encourages his readers to live up to it and enjoy it." He
dropped the phonetic spelling after the war. In the weekly letters he has sent out
for thirty years he has told much about himself and family. He bought a farm
at Cartersville, Ga., after the war, and there he lives and writes. His home life is very happy. His cheerful philosophy cannot fail to brighten all around him.
"Bill Arp" is at present writing letters to the "Constitution" and the "Sunny South,"
and has just published a History of Georgia.

WALTER LS CONTE STEVENS.
Walter Le Conte Stevens, Cassvilie, Cass Co., Ga., was born in 1847, and is a grandnephew of Louis Le Conte. He was graduated from the university of Georgia and became professor of natural sciences at Packer institute. Xew York. He then accepted an offer made by the Renssalaer Polytechnic institute, Troy, N. Y., in the science department. His contributions to the journals of the clay have been widely copied in Europe.

WILLIAM LOUIS JONES, M. D.
William Louis Jones, M. D., born in Liberty county, Ga., in 1827, is a nephew of Louis Le Conte. He was graduated from the Franklin college, was at Harvard under Agassiz, and studied and practiced medicine. He succeeded Dr. Joseph Le Conte as professor of chemistry and natural history at Franklin college. Dr. Jones bought the "Southern Cultivator" after the war and moved to Atlanta. He contributed to this, as well as to the "Southern Farm and Weekly Constitution," many valuable scientific articles. His home is now in Atlanta.
JOEL CHANDLER HARRIS.
Joel Chandler Harris was born Dec. 9, 1849, m Eatonton, the county seat of Putnam county, Ga. He was capable of reading and writing before he was six years old. Possessed of an imaginative nature, which had been

:j

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MEMOIRS OP GEORGIA.

stimulated by reading the Vicar of Wakefield, he at this early age read everything in print that he could find. He attended the Eatonton academy a yew years, but
that was the extent of his educational advantages. Xear his home was the planta tion of a Col. Turner, who there resided and published a weekly paper called
''The Countryman." About the time young Harris was twelve years old, Col.
Turner found need of the services of a bright, capable boy to learn the printer's
trade, and this proved to be a piece of good fortune, which in a great measure supplied his lack of scholastic training and influenced his whole career. Young
Harris applied to the Colonel and got the place. Turner was a bookish sort of man, and his wealth enabled him to gratify many whims. Two of his pet hobbies were to collect books and to run a newspaper. Col. Turner took a fancy to the applicant, and young Harris formed a liking for the publisher, and so he went to
work at once. The work was not so hard as usually fell to the printer's devil of that period, and the lad had no difficulty in filling the position. Col. Turner, observing the mental activity of his boy, gave him a few judicious hints about a course of reading, and turned him loose in his leisure hours in the library.
These books and his newspaper work constituted his educational training. He had no formal rules to go by and learned nothing by rote, but in a gradual and natural way acquired a large stock of information, and before long was fairly
versed in belles-lettres. Tlie first books he read showed a strong taste for a country boy. He was not interested in books of the present time, but was fond of the writers of the Elizabethan age. Good old Sir Thomas Browne was one
of his special favorites, and other books, equally unique in character and beyond
the usual range of a school boy's reading, were devoured by him. With the gaining of kno%vledge came the desire to write. His first efforts were sent in anonymously to "The Countryman," but when they were printed and Col.
Turner commended them the author avowed himself. Following this he wrote regularly, and his contributions took a range embracing local articles, essays and poetry. The young printer and the planter were getting along finely until the appearance of Sherman's army. The plantation was so retired that they could not realize the nearness of the great conflict. The course of Sherman in his march toward the sea after burning Atlanta lay through Eatonton. Even-body deserted the place, taking all their possessions that could be speedily removed. Col. Turner v.as one of the last to go, taking his family and leaving Harris to occupy his mansion and save what lie could from the invaders. Slocum's corps passed through the plantation and for three or four days the stationary occupant was kept busy doing what he could to protect the property of his employer. The invaders treated the young man well enough, after their fashion. They helped themselves to what they would, but were in a good humor and committed no
outrages. In a few months the war was over and Harris sought a wider field. He was employed on the press successively in Macon, Xew Orleans, Forsyth and Savannah. In the last named city he was employed as an editorial writer on the "Morning News," then under the management of YV. T. Thompson, the author. While in that city Mr. Harris married Miss La Rose of Canada. He was succeeding well and achieving fame, when the yellow fever scourge struck the city in 1876 and almost decimated it. This was the cause of his removal to Atlanta, where he Ijecame a member of the editorial staff of the "Constitution." and where his literary career proper really had its beginning. At that time Sam W. Small was a writer on the paper, being the author of the "Old Si" negro dialect sketches, and he shortly after resigned. The articles had been popular, and Mr. Harris was requested to try his hand in that line. In his boyhood on the Turner plantation he had spent night after night listening to the wonderful

LJTERATURE AND JOURNALISM. 47
folk-lore tales of the negroes, and as he had never seen them in print he decided to experiment with them. In a few months the Uncle Remus sketches attracted attention everywhere, and the result is familiar to the world in the shape of the volume entitled Uncle Remus, His Songs and His Sayings. The book was at once reprinted in England, and its appearance was an event in the literary circles of both countries. The author said regarding these marvelous fables that he was merely the reporter, and claimed no credit for them, but his deft manner of handling them and his subtle humor caught the public and there was eager desire to hear from him. In 1883 was published Nights with Uncle Remus; in 1884 Mingo, and Other Sketches in Black and White; in 1887 Free Joe and Other Sketches, Daddy Jake, On the Plantation, Little Mr. Thimblefinger, and other books. During these busy years Mr. Harris was closely held down by his editorial duties, and he was unable to form an opinion concerning the merits of his stories, and when he saw favorable reviews of them in every paper and no adverse criticism anywhere he was astounded. The success of the English editions amazed him, and the high praise received from the great London reviews was something he could not understand. Success has had no effect upon the modesty of this happy and fortunate story teller. He is told his writings are popular, and he knows that his pen is bringing him in an ample income, but it is still a mystery to him. Famous men in England write to him, French pub lishers issue translations of his stories, fashionable clubs in the great cities tender him receptions, the publishers ask him by nearly every mail to send them some thing, but none of these communications are allowed to disturb the even tenor of his life. Mr. Harris is a hard working journalist, tnd is at his desk nearly every day in the year, and the copy that he furnishes his paper every twelve months would make seven or eight volumes of the regulation size. Under such circum stances the wonder is that he has been able to do so much literary work of per manent value and interest during the past eight or ten years. Just at present he is engaged upon Aaron, a novel which is destined to be the longest and most ambitious of his efforts. He has also completed, jointly with Mrs. M. S. Young, of Alabama (Eli Shepherd), Songs and Ballads of the Old Plantations, and the work will make its appearance at an early day.
Mr. Harris is of medium height, compact, but supple, and rather on the rotund order; he is the most pronounced of blondes, with chestnut hair, a mustache of the same shade, and blue eyes--very honest and modest-looking eyes, except when the owner of them is in a merry mood, and then they dance and flash with mischief. He makes it a point to be jolly at all times and under all circumstances. Sick or well, he is always in a good humor. He thoroughly enjoys his work, and manages to extract as much fun out of it as some people would get out of a continuous round of amusements. Yet he can be serious. He is serious when he talks about his favorite books--the Bible is one of them. He is serious when he speaks of his great heroes--Lincoln, Lee, and Stonewall Jackson--and he is serious enough when he comes across any real suffering, or when misfortunes befall good men. A more natural, unaffected man does not live. He cares little for society, and yet does not shun it. He is frank and outspoken upon all subjects, and it does not take any round-about mode of questioning to find out exactly where he stands upon any issue. The whole tendency of the man is toward sim plicity. He likes old-fashioned ways and plain English. He loves a good story, but it must be a story, not a minute psychological analysis. The school of Howells, Tames, and Tolstoy has no charm for him. What he wants in everything is a touch of nature. The methods of work adopted by Mr. Harris are, perhaps, not out of the ordinary line. He does not wait for inspiration. He maps out a plot in

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MKMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

his mind, pictures to himself some of the leading actors, and then, after a hard day's editorial work, sits down to write. He writes with ease, and yet not rapidly. He puts his conscience into his work. If he cannot put nature on the printed page, he is determined to put her counterfeit presentment there. He does not strain after unusual and sensational effects, and he endeavors to use the simplest, clearest and strongest English he can command. Mr. Harris lives in a handsome Queen Anne residence, with spacious grounds, at West End, Atlanta's handsomest suburb, where, with his pleasant and attractive family, he entertains his literary friends and neighbors. In the introductory preface to Uncle Remus, Mr. Harris
says: "With respect to the folk-lore series, the effort has been to preserve the legends
themselves in their original simplicity, and to wed them permanently to the quaint dialect--if, in these, it can be called a dialect--through the medium by which they have become a part of the domestic history of every southern family; and I have endeavored to give to the whole a genuine flavor of the old plantation. Each legend has its variants, but in even- instance I have retained that particular version which seemed to me the most characteristic, and have given it without embellish ment and without exaggeration.. ... If the language of Uncle Remus fails to give vivid hints of the really poetic imagination of the negro, if it fails to embody the quaint and homely humor which was his most prominent characteristic, if it does not suggest a certain picturesque sensativeness--a curious exaltation of mind and temperament not to be defined by words--then I have reproduced the form of dialect merely, and not the essence, and my attempt may be counted a failure.
At any rate. I trust I have been successful in presenting what must be, to a large portion of American readers, a new and by no means unattractive phase of negro character--a phase which may be considered a curiously sympathetic supplement to yirs. Stowe's wonderful defense of slavery as it existed in the south. Mrs. Stowe. let me hasten to say, attacked the possibilities of slavery with all the eloquence of genius, but the same genius painted the portrait of the southern slave-holder, and defended him.
"If the reader not familiar with plantation life will imagine that the mythstories of Uncle Remus are told night after night to a little boy by an old negro who appeared to have lived during the period which he describes--who has nothing but pleasant memories of the discipline of slavery, and who has all the prejudices of caste and family that were natural results of the system--if the reader can imagine all this, he will find little difficulty in appreciating and sympathizing with the air of affectionate superiority which Uncle Remus assumes as he proceeds to unfold the mysteries of plantation lore to a little child, who is a product of that practical reconstruction which has been going on to some extent since the war, in gpite of the politicians."
The following sketches, taken from the books of Mr. Harris, show the quaint dialect and odd character upon which his interesting stories are founded:

The First of Brer Rabbit and Brer Fox.--One evening recently the lady whom Uncle Remus calls "Miss Sail)'" missed her little seven-year-old. Making search for him through the house and through the yard, she heard the sound of voices in the old man's cabin, and, looking through the window, saw the child sitting by Uncle Remus. His head rested against the old man's arm, and he was gazing with an expression of the most intense interest into the rough, weather-beaten face that beamed so kindly upon him. This is what "Miss Sally" heard:
"Bimeby one day after Brer Fox bin doin' all dat he could do fer ter ketch Brc-r Rabbit, en Brer Rabbit bin doin all he could fer to keep 'im fum it, Brer

LITERATURE AND JOURNALISM.

49

Fox say to hise'f clat he'd put up a game on Brer Rabbit, en he ain't mo'n got the wtids out'n his mouf twell Brer Rabbit come a lopin' up de big road, lookin' dess ez plump en ez fat en ez sassy ez a Moggin hoss in a barley-patch.
" 'Hoi' on dar, Brer Rabbit,' sez Brer Fox, sezee.
" 'I ain't got time, Brer Fox,' sez Brer Rabbit, sezee, sorter mendin' his licks. " 'I wanter have some confab wid you, Brer Rabbit,' sez Brer Fox, sezee. " 'All right, Brer Fox; but you better holler fum whar you stan'. I'm monstus full er fleas dis mawnin',' sez Brer Rabbit, sezee.
" 'I seed Brer B'ar yestiddy," says Brer Fox, sezee, 'en he sorter rake me over de coals kaze you en me ain't make frens en live naberly, en I tole 'im dat I'd see you.'
"Den Brer Rabbit scratch one year wid his off hind-foot sorter jub'ously, en den he ups en sez, sezee:
" 'All a settin', Brer Fox. Spose'n you drap roun' termorrer en take dinner wid me. We ain't got no great doin's at our house, but I speck de ole 'oman en de chilluns kin sorter scramble roun' en git up somp'n fer ter stay yo' stummuck.'
" 'I'm 'gree'ble, Brer Rabbit,' sez Brer Fox, sezee. " 'Den I'll 'pen' on you,' sez Brer Rabbit, sezee.
" 'Nex' day Mr. Rabbit an' Miss Rabbit got up soon, 'fo' day, en raided on a gyarden like Miss Sally's out dar, en got some cabbiges, en some roas'n years, en some sparrer-grass, en dey fix up a smashin dinner. Bimeby one er der little Rabbits, playin' out in de backyard, come runnin' in hollerin', "Oh, ma! oh, ma!
I seed Mr. Fox a cominT En den Brer Rabbit he tuck der chilluns by der years en make um set down, en den him en Miss Rabbit sorter dally roun' waitin' fer Brer Fox. En dey kep on waitin', but no Brer Fox ain't come. Atter 'while Brer
Rabbit goes to de do', easy like, en peep out, en dar, stickin* out fum behime de cornder, wuz de tip-een' er Brer Fox tail. Den Brer Rabbit shot de do' en sot down, en put his paws behime his years en begin fer ter sing:

" 'De place wharbouts you spill de grease, right dar youer bound to slide;
An' whar you fine a bunch of ha'r, you'll sholy fine de hide.'

" 'Nex' day Brer Fox sont word by Mr. Mink, en skuze hisse'f kaze he was
too sick fer ter come, en he ax Brer Rabbit fer ter come en take dinner wid him; en Brer Rabbit say he wuz 'gree'ble.
"Bimeby, w'en de shaders wuz at der shortes', Brer Rabbit he sorter brush up en santer down to Brer Fox's house, en w'en he got dar, he yer somebody groanin', en he look in de do' en dar he see Brer Fox settin up in a rockin' cheer all wrop up wid flannil, en he look mighty weak. Brer Rabbit look all 'roun', he did, but he ain't see no dinner. De dish-pan wuz settin' on de table, en close by
wuz a kyarvin' knife. " 'Look like you gwineter have chicken fer dinner, Brer Fox,' sez Brer Rabbit,
sezee. " 'Yes, Brer Rabbit, deyer nice, en fresh, en tender,' sez Brer Fox, sezee. "Den Brer Rabbit sorter pull his mustarsh, en say, 'You ain't got no calamus
root, is you, Brer Fox? I done got so now dat I can't eat no chicken 'ceppin she's seasoned up wid calamus root.' And wid dat Brer Rabbit lipt out er de do', and dodge 'mong de bushes, en sot dar watchin' fer Brer Fox; en he ain't watch long, uudder, kase Brer Fox flung off de flannil en crope out er de house II-4

.

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MEMOIRS OP GEORGIA.

t-n got whar he could close in on Brer Rabbit, en bimeby Brer Rabbit holler out, 'Oh, Brer Fox! I'll dess put yo' calamus root out yer on dish yer stump. Better come git it while hit's fresh!'
"And wid dat Brer Rabbit galop off home. En Brer Fox ain't never kotch "jm yit, en \v'at's mo', honey, he ain't gwineter.'1

Race Improvement.--"Dere's a kind er limberness 'bout niggers dese days <lat's mighty cu'us," remarked Uncle Remus yesterday, as he deposited a pitcher of fresh water upon the exchange table. "1 notisses it in de aller-ways an' on de street-cordners. Dey er rackin' up, mon, dese yer cullud fokes is."
"What are you trying to give us now?" inquired one of the young men, in a bilious tone.
"The old man's mind is wandering," said the society editor, smoothing the wrinkles out of his lavender kids.
Uncle Remus laughed. "I speck I is gettin' mo' frailer dan I wuz fo' de fahmin days wuz over, but I sees wid my eyes an' I years wid my years, same ez enny er dese yer bucks w'at goes a gallopin' roun' huntin' up devilment, an' w'en I sees how dey er dancin' up, den I gets sorter hopeful dey er kinder ketchiu' up wid me."
"How is that?" "Oh, dey er movin," responded Uncle Remus. "Dey er sorter comin' roun'. Dey er gittin' so dey bleeve dat dey ain't no better dan de w'ite fokes. W'en freedom come out de niggers sorter got dere humps up, an' dey staid dat way, twell bimeby dey begun fer ter git hongry, an' den dey begun fer ter drap inter line right smarttially; an' now." continued the old man, emphatically, "dey er ties ez palaverous ez dey wuz befo' de war. Dey er gittin' on solid groun', mon." "You think they are improving, then?" "You er chawin' guv'ment now, boss. You slap de law onter a nigger a time cr two, an' larn "im dat he's got fer to look atter his own rashuns an' keep out'n udder foke's chick'n-coops, an' sorter coax 'im inter de idee dat he's got ter feed is own chilluns, an' I be blessed ef you ain't got 'im on risin' groun'. An' mo'n dat, w'en he gits holt er de fact dat a nigger k'n have yaller fever same ez w'ite fokes, you done got 'im on de mo'ner's bench, an' den ef you come down strong on de pint dat he oughter stan' fas' by de fokes what holp him w'en he wuz in trouble de job's done. Wen you does dat, ef you ain't got yo' han's on a newmade nigger, den my name ain't Remus, an' ef dat name's bin changed I ain't seen her abbertized."
MART E. BRTAN.
Mrs. Mary E. Bryan, a native of Florida, has spent the greater portion of her life in Georgia, and now resides at Clarkston, within a half hour's ride of Atlanta. She married while a mere school girl, and at the age of nineteen accepted a posi tion on "The Temperance Crusader," a literary weekly of some renown, which was published in Atlanta before the war, under the management of Mr. John H. Seals. Mrs. Bryan wrote stories and sketches for years, without coming prominently before the public, but in 1876 she gave Manche to the reading world, and in a short time Wild Work and other books followed in rapid succession. About this time she connected herself with "The Sunny South," a literary paper in Atlanta, conducted by the gentleman who had first engaged her services on "The Temperance Crusader.'' For this periodical she wrote in the course of ten years some of the best efforts of her life, but finding that her field was too narrow she went to New York, where she for several years edited the "Fashion Bazar"

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and "The Fireside Companion," two of George Munro's popular publications. In the metropolis her brilliant abilities were properly appreciated, and in Sorosis and the Woman's Press club she held high official positions. Her novel, Wild Work, was pronounced by the New York "Herald" "the best American historical romance," and her other novels written for Mr. Munro were quite successful. But Mrs. Bryan has never seemed to care for the publicity which is so gratifying to many writers. She is a creature of impulse, and when she is in the mood she writes poems, short stories and novels with almost lightning-like rapidity. She never revises, and she has been known to write as many as four novels at the same time, turning from one to another without being in the slightest degree embar rassed by the numerous characters and plots. When Alexander H. Stephens was asked to name his favorite novelist he unhesitatingly replied that Mrs. Bryan was his favorite, and when Manche was published he ordered 100 copies for dis tribution among his friends. If this prolific writer of fiction had imitated some of her contemporaries in the matter of looking after her fame and her business interests, she would now be one of the most widely known and best remunerated ol American writers. Having a competency of her own, she has never cared much about the pecuniary rewards of literature, and the $10,000 a year which she earned in New York tempted her so little that she voluntarily gave up the editorship of "The Bazar" and "The Fireside Companion" and returned to Georgia under a contract to still furnish four novels a year to her late employer. It is impossible to know Mrs. Bryan without recognizing her as a woman of genius. Two generations of southerners have read her stories, and her name is more familiar to the people south of the Potomac than that of any other literary woman, with the exception of Mrs. Southworth and Miss Evans, the author of Beulali, Macaria, and other novels. While she writes with the greatest possible rapidity, her style is remarkable for its vivid coloring, graphic and picturesque description and a certain intensity which throws a spell over the average reader. She is still in the prime of womanhood, and it is possible that she will in her future work command even a larger constituency than she has attracted in the past.
PROP. "WILLIAM HENRY PECK.
Prof. William Henry Peck is another novelist who is claimed by Georgia. Born in Louisiana some sixty years ago, he resided in Atlanta for a num ber of years, until he sought a home in Florida. A professor of history, a college president and a journalist, this untiring worker may be said to rank with Sylvanus Cobb, Jr., as a writer of thrilling and romantic fiction. Up to the present time he has written about seventy long serial stories, and forty of them were produced, it is said, in the incredibly short period of ten years. Among some of his best known novels are The Miller of Marseilles, The Stone Cutter of Lisbon, The Queen's Secret, The Flower Girl of London, and The King's Messenger. During his residence in Atlanta he was a salaried contributor to the New York "Ledger," receiving $10,000 a year. He wrote also for the New York "Weekly," and "Sat urday Night," and has been known to command $5,000 for a single serial. Prof. Peck has never been ranked by the critics and reviewers as a literary man, and yet his writings show a profound historical study, and in point of style they will suffer nothing by comparison with the works of more celebrated writers. But the critic* and book reviewers are unwilling to say much in praise of a writer who sells his productions to the story weeklies, and turns out as many as four novels a year. If this gifted story-teller had gone about his work more deliberately, writing a novel once in every two or three years, for some well-known publishing firm, he would have won a much higher place among American novelists. But the critics resent fecundity, and when a man comes to the front with seventy novels in twenty

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MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

years, the reviewers at once assign him an inferior place, without taking the trouble to examine his work.

JAMES MAURICE THOMPSON.
James Maurice Thompson, born in Indiana in 1844, and for a long time a resident of Georgia, stands in the front rank of the men of letters who have made this state their home. After serving four years in the Confederate army, he opened a law office at Calhoun. His first contributions appeared in "The Ladies' Home Gazette," and "Scott's Monthly," two popular Atlanta publications, and their scholarship and graceful style attracted the favorable attention of the reading public Some years after the war he returned to his native state, Indiana, where he has since held the office of state geologist, and has devoted himself in his leisure hours to literature. He is a member of the New York "Independent's" staff, but finds time to write for numerous magazines and weeklies. Despite his fondness for a literary career, he is a man of affairs, with good business judgment, and makes no secret of the fact that he desires to reap substantial rewards rather than fame. He is a lover of science and an enthusiastic student of nature. Among his works are Hoosier Mosaics, Songs of Fair Weather, The Witchery of Archery, At Love's Extremes, A Tallahassee Girl, By-Ways and Bird Notes, A Fortnight of Foil}-, and a half dozen others of less note, to say nothing of his scores of short stories. Law, geology, and literature, together with judicious investments, have made Mr. Thompon a wealthy man, and among his. neighbors he is regarded as a far-seeing man of business, whose judgment and predictions are worthy of the highest respect With so many professions and occupations, and with his pen so constantly employed, it is natural that his style should be very unequal, and char acterized by so much variety that it is difficult to describe or classify it. In one book he writes in the dry and colorless fashion of a veteran scientist, while in another he displays the vivacity of a society novelist. His short stories are also of very unequal merit, and the sensational character of some of them makes it evident that they were written at an early period of his life, before his tastes and his style had felt the influence of a mature intellect It is confidently expected by his admirers that some of his best work will be given to the world in the years to come, as he is now at his best, with no adverse conditions to hamper his genius.

BENJAMIN HARVEY HILL.
Benjamin Harvey Hill, born in Walton county, and died in 1882, deserves a place among authors for the same reason that Junius has won a place among the literary men of England. Junius wrote letters for a newspaper which found their way later to the public in a book. This was the case with Mr. Hill's Notes on the Situation, a series of articles in many respects as notable as the Letters of Junius. Before the Notes were written their author had been prominent in public life for nearly twenty years. He had been a leader at the bar, an active politician and a Confederate senator. After the war, when Georgia was going through the various stages of reconstruction, the people were completely terrorized by Federal authority and bayonet rule. Many of the most influential citizens hesitated to express their views on the platform or in print, and a few white republicans and the negro voters were in a fair way to shape the policy of the state and control affairs indefinitely. At this critical time Mr. Hill wrote some fifteen or twenty letters for the Augusta "Chronicle," in which he clearly outlined the dan gers then confronting the people, and pointed out the remedy. He urged organized and fearless action on the part of the democratic party, which contained the great

LITERATURE AND JOURNALISM.

5J

mass of the whites, and encouraged his people to hope that a bold and determined fight for their constitutional rights would finally win. These stirring letters arraigned the Federal authorities and their allies in Georgia as usurpers and oppres
sors, and heaped upon them the most terrible denunciation and invective that the writer could command. The effect .was immediate and far-reaching. Ex-Gov. Joseph E. Brown replied to the Notes, but he had espoused the unpopular side, and
his utterances were not generally heeded. The name of Benjamin H. Hill became
as familiar as a household word throughout Georgia and the south, and the young men, especially, hailed him as the leader sent to redeem the south from bondage.
In a short time the whites of Georgia organized, and although the republicans
succeeded in forming a new constitution, under which they elected a governor and a legislature, Mr. Hill's appeals and counsel reached every fireside in the com monwealth, and the people were the first in the south to get rid of republican rule
and the evils of reconstruction. The writings of Georgia's great tribune will always be admired for their pure English and their clear and forcible eloquence. His sentences are stately, and they have that peculiar swing which belongs to the style of a great speaker. Their frequent quotations from Milton show that Mr.
Hill was a close reader of that master spirit of English literature, and it is noteworthy that these articles increase in their intensive form from first to last until the climax
is reached. In these peaceful times they may impress some readers as being
unnaturally strained and excited-in their tone; but in an era of something like
anarchy, when the people stood between the evils of military despotism and servile insurrection, it is easy to understand the tremendous effect which they produced
upon the popular mind. Nothing in the political literature of Georgia, from the
revolutionary period down to the present time, is in any way comparable to the Notes on the Situation. In after years Mr. Hill made numerous speeches on the hustings and in both houses of congress, which added to his fame as an orator and
statesman, but nothing ever came from his pen that was equal to his letters in the reconstruction period. Such opportunities come only once in a life-time, and the man who masters them and is equal to the occasion cannot hope to repeat his
achievement. Junius laid down his pen at the right time, and Benjamin Harvey
Hill ceased to write when he found that he had accomplished his purpose. After that he reached the people in other ways and by other methods. He wrote no more
letters and pamphlets, but his eloquence made itself felt in every corner of the
republic, and in some of his greatest congressional efforts--as in his Andersonville speech, for instance--the Junius-like precision and force of his written style is apparent in every sentence. A political history of his times from the pen of this
great southern leader vvould have been a valuable contribution to our literature; but in its absence, the biography of his father, with a collection of his speeches, by Benjamin H. Hill, jr., will be found to be a work of permanent interest and value.

ISAAC W. AVERT.
Isaac W. Avery belongs to the literature and journalism of Georgia, and his work has been so notable in both that it is difficult to assign him his place in a chapter which deals with literary men and newspaper writers. He was borri in St Augustine, Fla., in 1837, and it is said that his father could trace his an cestry back in England as far as 1359. One writer has followed the family to King Alfred, and then to Egbert, the first Saxon king. The first Avery in Amer ica came over in 1631, to the colony established by John Winthrop, the colonial governor of Massachusetts. The grandson of this pioneer married the grand daughter of Winthrop, and from this couple the subject of this sketch is lineally

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MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

descended. One of the family signed the Mecklenburg Declaration of Independ ence. Young Avery had the best educational advantages, and began the practice of law in 1860. The outbreak of the war interrupted his peaceful pursuits, and after taking part in the capture of Fort Pulaski he entered the Confederate army as a private and served until the close. He rose to the rank of captain, major, lieutenant-colonel, colonel and brigadier-general, and came out of the struggle a poor man. In two or three years he gave up the law and settled down in Atlanta as the managing editor of the "Constitution." Later he was one of Henry W. Grady's partners on the "Herald," and from 1877 until 1883 he served as secretary of the Georgia executive department under various governors. In 1881 his History of Georgia was published. This work deals with the period between 1850 and 1880, and is notable for its full and complete narrative of Georgia's trials during the war and the reconstruction periods. He has held the office of chief of the public debt division in the United States treasury department, and has de clined other high government positions. He was the associate editor for Georgia of the National Cyclopedia of American Biography, and in 1895 was the com missioner of the Cotton States and International exposition to Mexico, Central and South America, where his mission was remarkably successful. Gen. Avery is one of the most brilliant writers in Georgia. He is a man of culture and travel; observation and favorable opportunities have aided greatly in the development of his natural gifts. \Yhile his History of Georgia is only a fragment it is one of the most valuable contributions ever made to the historical literature of the state.
JAMES W. LEE, D. D.

James \V. Lee, D. D., born in 1849, and educated at the university of Georgia, is an example of what may be accomplished by a bright intellect under the most adverse circumstances. He was a poor country boy, but after he had worked his way through college and had entered the Methodist ministry, his native talent and painstaking application began to make an impression upon the public. His essays and lectures were very popular in all sections and in the course of a few years he won for himself a prominent place as a writer and as a lecturer. In 1893 his book entitled, The Making of a Man, made its appearance, and from the first it was one of the most popular religious works ever issued in America. It passed through edition after edition in all civilized lands, and even in Japan it is a favorite book with the native Christians. Dr. Lee was called from Atlanta to a church in St. Louis in 1893, but since that time he has made a tour through the holy land with the Rev. Dr. Vincent, and the record of his trip, issued in a series of illustrated parts, is meeting with a very large sale. The doctor's style is exceptionally clear and vigorous. He is a hard student and a close observer, and his friends look for even better and more enduring work from his pen.

WILLIAM T. THOMPSON.
William T. Thompson, born in Ohio in 1812, and died in Savannah in 1882, was one of Georgia's earliest and most popular litterateurs. While con tributing to the old "Madison Miscellany" and various other papers he found time to write numerous stories and sketches. His farce, The Live Indian, held the stage for many years, but he failed to secure its copyright and never made any money out of it for himself. He was equally unfortunate in regard to Major Jones' Courtship. This story is a broadly-humorous description of life among the country people in north Georgia, and for many years it had a large sale all

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55

over the country, but especially in the south and west It was published by the Petersons of Philadelphia, and the same firm also handled the author's other books, Major Jones' Travels and The Chronicles of Pineville. With the proper business management Mr. Thompson would have made a modest fortune out ot" his writings, but his fate was that of many other American literary men--to toil for others without any adequate reward. As a humorist and a portrayer of rural life and manners he had no superior in his generation. He did for the south what Halliburton did for New England, and forty years ago his books were to be seen in almost ever}' house and on every news-counter south of the Potomac. But while Mr. Thompson lived among us and was an active figure in journalism and politics until 1882, he is more of a tradition than anything else to the present generation of Georgians. He is talked about, but not read, and some of his books are probably out of print. He seems to have shared the fate of a group of his contemporary writers whose works had a large circulation in their day. When Major Jones' Courtship was at the height of its popularity the people were read ing Doestick's funny productions, The Humors of Falconbridge, Simon Suggs, The Big Bear of Arkansas, Sam Slick, and a dozen other volumes of a similar character, including of course, Longstrcet's Georgia Scenes. Just what caused them to lose their hold upon the public it would be difficult to explain, but the outbreak of the war turned the attention of men to more serious matters, and during the conflict the tone of our literature and journalism underwent a great change. Many of the old writers were no longer in touch with the public and failed to adjust themselves to the new conditions and the new demands of the time. Mr. Thompson in the prime of life disappeared from the literary stage and confined his work to journalism. He was still capable of producing even better stories than those which had captured the country before the war, but he resented the fickle tastes of the public and was unwilling to write books that would be neglected and forgotten in the course of a few years. Yet he never became em bittered. He was neither a pessimist nor a cynic, but a broad-minded, healthy optimist of a gentle nature and disposed to accept without a murmur all the "slings and arrows of outrageous fortune."

HENRY CLAY FAIRMAX.
Henry Clay Fairman, the editor of "The Sunny South," published in At lanta, is a native of Mississippi, where he was born in 1849. His stories and poems are very popular in the south, but he is perhaps best known by a long serial story entitled, The Third World. Mr. Fairman in this novel shows the originality, the daring imagination and the graphic descriptive power of Jules \rerne and Rider Haggard. The hero of his story is an Arctic explorer who accidentally wanders into a strange and unknown country near the north pole. He finds a race of highly civilized people, and after learning their language and adopting their customs he has the misfortune to excite the bitter enmity of a powerful noble who is in love with a maiden, in whom the stranger is deeply interested. The plot is intricate and full of surprises, but it ends happily with the flight of the hero to his own country, accompanied by the maiden, who has been rescued from the clutches of the wicked nobleman. While Mr. Fairman's descrip tion of the people and customs of the wonderful land near the pole is full of remarkable surprises, his story has the air of a matter-of-fact narrative, and if the reader can accept certain startling geographical statements he can easily go on to the end of the story without resenting its improbable features. The author has shown so much genuine power in The Third World thnt his thousands of

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MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

readers are clamoring for its publication in book form, and it will probably appear in that shape at an early day.
HENRY D. CAPERS.
Henry D. Capers, a native of South Carolina, where he was born in 1830, has resided more than half his life in Georgia. He has made a reputation as a lawyer, literary man and educator, and is recognized as a man of brilliant and versatile talents. He is the author of Bellevue and one or two other novels, all of which show genius and culture, but for some unknown reason they have never had a large circulation. His Life of Memminger gives a complete history of the operations of the Confederate treasury department during the war, and is one of the most unique and interesting books that have yet been added to our war literature. The author was peculiarly equipped for the writing of this work, hav ing been the chief clerk of the Confederate treasury during the four years of its existence.
HENRY W. BILLIARD.
Henry W. Hilliard, born in North Carolina in 1808, and died in Atlanta in 1892, wrote De Vere and Politics and Pen-Pictures. The former is a novel of southern life in ante-bellum days and deals with the bright side of the society and the institutions of the old south. It is written in an attractive style, but lacks the deft touch of the professional story-writer. Mr. Hilliard was more successful with his second book, which contains a record of his adventures and experience in a notable public career of half a century. He was United States minister at various times to Belgium and Brazil. During the war he commanded Milliard's legion in the Confederate service. He was in congress before the war, and dur ing his residence in Alabama he was the great rival of William L. Yancey. He was active for more than fifty years in politics, journalism and literature, and was a prominent figure at the bar and in the pulpit. A volume of his addresses pub lished nearly forty years ago contains a number of speeches which are models of eloquence and style. Mr. Hilliard had an extensive acquaintance with the crowned heads, the artistocracy and the leading writers and scientists of Europe, and while in Brazil he was the intimate friend of Dom Pedro. If his time had not been given to so many pursuits he would have left an enduring name in the lit erature of his country.
OTHER WRITERS.
There are scores of writers in Georgia who have never come very prominently before the public because they have never pursued literature as a profession. In 1859 A. B. Seats, of Atlanta, wrote a novel entitled Rockford, which had a good circulation in the south. It bore the marks of genius, but it was the first effort of an unknown man, and the exciting period of .secession caused it to be speedily forgotten. Contemporaneous with it was a novel by James Summerfield Slaugh ter, another Atlanta writer, entitled Madeline. It was a sensational story, but there were signs of promise in it, and the subsequent suicide of its author was sincerely regretted. While dealing with Atlanta litterateurs it will be convenient to group most of them, with the exception of a few, in this part of our chapter. Miss Leonora Beck is considered by many the foremost literary woman in Atlanta. She is the principal of a young ladies' college, and is fully equipped for her work, but her passion for literature lias led her to enrich the magazines with some very strong and attractive work, and when her recent book, Star Heights, made its appearance it was favorably reviewed by many of the leading news-

LITERATURE AND JOURNALISM.

57.

papers of the country. Her My Valentine and A Night's Rebellion placed her
among the poets. They show the genuine poetic inspiration with the added touch of culture. Her articles on Browning and other contributions to the periodicals have been very favorably received. Miss Minnie Quinn is a young poet and story
writer who has deservedly won a high place in the circles of thought and
culture. Miss Quinn, when a young girl, attracted the attention of Paul H. Hayne, and became, so to speak, his protege, and Henry W. Longfellow was so
well pleased with her early efforts that he encouraged her to persevere. Her two volumes, Violets and Apple Blossoms, published in her girlhood, met with a
very gratifying success. Orelia Key Bell is another Atlanta poet who has found her way into the "Century" and the other magazines. It is said that her poetry stimulates the head rather than the heart, but Miss Bell strikes many notes. Some of her sonnets are perfect gems. Mrs. J. K. Ohl, otherwise known as "Maude Andrews," who has been mentioned elsewhere as a writer for the daily news
papers, should not have her literary personality entirely merged into the daily press. Her contributions to the "Century," "Cosmopolitan," "American Popular
Monthly" and other periodicals show that her work is in demand in our great centers of literary enterprise. She has a wonderful knowledge of human nature and a picturesque and deft touch when she portrays it Many of her productions
in verse and prose will outlive her anticipations. Montgomery M. Folsom writes
splendid dialect verse, and in his prose sketches he depicts cracker life perfectly. His book, Scraps of Southern Song, was very popular. Orth Harper Stein has been noticed among the journalists, but he is really entitled to a high place among the literary men of the period. Mr. Stein has for many years been a
contributor to many leading periodicals. For some years, he has been quite a prominent figure in literature. Robert L. Adarnson, of the "Atlanta Constitu
tion," should have a more prominent mention than he receives here. His short stories have been widely copied, and have been very popular. His sketches show a knowledge of life and human nature entirely unusual, and the avidity with which the periodicals reproduce them is convincing evidence of their popularity. The sketch of Mr. Adamson in a recent magazine speaks of him as the most prominent young story writer in the city, and says that he has already achieved success enough to make him envied by older writers. He is certain to be heard from in the literary world. Lucian Lamar Knight has been pronounced the most
brilliant young writer in the south by an eminent jurist, and it is safe to say that his biographical and historical sketches give promise of much valuable work of an enduring character. He is a lawyer as well as a journalist and a poet, and no
young man in the state has equaled him in oratory. Mrs. Mel R. Colquitt is a popular contributor to many magazines and newspapers. She has a bright, pictur esque style, and her broad sympathy with everything human shows itself in every thing that she has written and invests even cold type with a peculiar magnetism.
Her poems, sketches and short stories are among the best that the south has furnished in many years. Miss Irene Farrar, whose death in her youth cut short a career of brilliant promise, wrote two novels which were very popular, and if she had lived her work would have been eagerly sought by the publishers. She was a young lady of thorough culture and distinctive originality, and her writings attracted favorable attention from the first. Mrs. William Geppert, formerly Miss Dollie Higbee, of Louisville, made a reputation when she wrote that dashing story of Kentucky life, In God's Own Country, and since then she has produced other stories that will live. Julian Harris, a young man who has barely attained his majority, inherits much of the talent of his father. Joel Chandler Harris. He has written many short stories, which have gone the rounds of the press with

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MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

every possible evidence of popularity. At present young Harris confines most of
his work to the routine of daily journalism, but he is studious and observant, and in the near future he is certain to make his mark. Francis Fontaine, the author of Etowah and other novels, is a writer of exceptional talent, and some of the leading newspapers of the country have devoted considerable space to their reviews of his books, but he is a very busy man and only his spare moments are given to his literary- recreations. Mr. Fontaine is actively engaged in developing the material resources of Georgia, and this fact accounts for his failure to satisfy the demand for something more from his pen. Clio and Wenona, two recent novels by Miss Ella Powell, are full of promise, and the reading public will eagerly demand more from a writer whose early wrork is so strong, pure and graphic. Henry King Shacklcford is an Atlanta writer with a remarkable career. After the war he was on the city staff of "The Intelligencer," but he found the work uncon genial and went into business for himself. He was not successful, and in sheer desperation sent a short novel to Beadle & Co. in New York. It was accepted, and a check was promptly sent with a request for another story. The firm desired sensational Indian stories, and Shackleford wrote novel after novel in which he caused our Indian population to be recklessly slaughtered by his heroes. The demand for his writings was so great that he found it convenient to move to Brooklyn, where he could be in touch with his publishers. He obtained other work of the same character, and for several years has turned out one or two novels a month over various pen names. The Hon. William L. Scruggs, who has been prominently inentioned among the leading journalists of Georgia, is widely known through his contributions to numerous magazines and reviews. His pro ductions are generally of a political character, or descriptive of South America, where he has spent nearly twenty years as United States minister to the United States of Colombia and the republic of Venezuela. Mr. Scruggs is a thoughtful and scholarly writer, and whenever anything from his pen appears in print it always challenges attention. Few men are so well equipped for literature of the substantial class, and his friends confidently expect to see from his pen one or more works dealing with South American subjects that will be of permanent interest
and value. Mrs. Maria Jordan Westmoreland wrote Heart Hungry, Clifford Troup. and other novels, which were favorably passed upon by the popular verdict. Her books displayed great power and originality, and from the first bore every mark of professional authorship with no traces of amateur writing.
She gave up novel writing some years ago, but it was not because of any lack of appreciation on the part of her readers. The late Mrs. Edward Hammond will long be remembered as the author of The Georgians and other novels. Her
creative genius and attractive style invested her stories with a delightful charm. A. R. Watson, the poet, left no book behind him, but this is due to a peculiar misfortune. After his death in 1876 his poems were collected and turned over to Mr. Joel Chandler Harris to be edited with a suitable preface. Mr. Harris left the scrap book on his desk in '"The Constitution" office for a short time one day when he was called out, and ujx;n his return it was missing. Advertisements and appeals for its return were made in vain. Some person had carried off the scrap lxx)k with the determination that it should never again see the light. This unfortunate incident deprived the public of a book that was in great demand, and Watson's family, of course, suffered pecuniarily by the robber's conduct. During the war period Atlanta was a literary center. Watson was then at his best. Henry Watterson, later of "The Louisville Courier-Journal," was here. Alex. St. Clair Abram had published his-History of the Siege of Vicksburg, and L. O. C. Lamar and other able writers were giving their best work to the press. The

LITERATURE AND JOURNALISM.

59

Franklin Printing house published a Confederate geography, primer and spelling book--works which would afford ver}- remarkable reading for these days.
Among Atlanta's law writers should be mentioned John L. Hopkins, John
C. Reed, Henry Jackson, and Howard Van Epps. The digests and text books prepared by these distinguished lawyers will always be highly prized by the bench
and bar of Georgia. Gen. James Longstreet, the famous Confederate commander, has in the hands of his publishers a book of war history which will be of exceptional value. The general's first manuscript of his work was destroyed by fire. At the end of a year or two he yielded to repeated requests and painfully rewrote the history. It was then edited by Mr. P. J. Moran, a talented Atlanta journalist, and will probably make its appearance in the course of a few months. Gen. Longstreet's prominence, and the well-known respect entertained for his military ability,
in Europe as well as at home, will cause the work to be looked for with a good deal of expectant interest. It will reply to the general's critics, and the chapter on
Gettysburg is said to be a very important paper. Mr. Charles N.
West, of the Savannah bar, occasionally turns aside from the routine of his profession and contributes something to the historical and bio
graphical literature of the state. Besides several other notable productions, his essay on William H. Crawford will long be prized as a valuable chapter of Georgia's annals. Georgia history has been too much neglected. Gov. Gilmer's remarkable work is now sought for as a literary curiosity, but while it contained much valuable biographical information, it has never been Agarded as a history.
Gen. Avery's History of Georgia is admirable as a fragmentJeotit does not pretend to cover the entire field. The works of McCall, Stevens, arwf^Jon'ts are also frag
ments. The Statistics of Georgia, and The Historical Collections of Georgia, by George G. White, are works of permanent value, but they furnish abundant material and data for future historians, instead of telling the story of the rise and
progress of the commonwealth. Rev. Mr. Herbert, in 1779, wrote the Historical Account of the Progress of the Colonies of South Carolina and Georgia. Another state history is the work of T. S. Arthur and H. H. Carpenter. The Bench and Bar of Georgia, by Stephen F. Miller, is a perfect mine of information in regard to the leading men of the state. Herbert Fielder wrote a Life of Joseph E. Brown, which
deserves a place in every library in the state, and the same should be said of Johnston's Life of Stephens, StovaH's1 Life of Toombs, and B. H. Hill's Life, by his son,
B. H. Hill, jr. The Miscellanies of Georgia, by A. H. Chappell; Reminiscences of
An Old Georgia Lawyer, by Garrett Andrews, and Reminiscences of Fifty Years, by William H. Sparks, are all works of considerable interest and power. E. Y.
Clarke wrote a popular History of Atlanta, which is still in demand. J. D. Waddell's
Life of Linton Stephens is justly regarded as a great work, and it is to be hoped that ex-Gov. Wilson Lumpkins' manuscript state history will some day be published.
Prof. J. T. Derry is the Author of a School History of Georgia and a popular
History of the Confederate States. The late Dr. F. O. Ticknor, of Columbus, was as rare and brilliant a poetic genius as ever flourished in any state in the Union. He wrote hastily and carelessly, without revision, and his poems were never
published in book form until after his death, but for many years they have been
going the rounds of the press, and his Little Griffin of Tennessee, has taken its* place among the most popular poems of this generation. Ticknor needed the
excitement of the war period to inspire his stirring lyrics, and when peace came he almost entirely ceased to write. If he had been at all careful of hisi fame, he would now rank among the foremost poets of America. But he always regarded his verses as the vagrant offspring of the moment, and the idea never occurred to him
that they would be treasured by others. Autumn Dreams, by Mrs. E. B. Castlen,

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of Macon, will be recollected as a volume of poems of more than ordinary excel
lence. The Italian Bride, a drama, by S. Yates Levy, of Savannah, won its way on the stage and was quite popular for a time. Volumes of poems, in addition to those already mentioned have beeen written by Miss Annie R. Blount, of Augusta;
Miss Carrie Bell Sinclair, of the same city; John C. Langston, of Bolingbroke;
William T. Dumas, Mrs. Jennie Porter, and Miss Man- Gay. The latter's book, Life in Dixie, was sold to the extent of several editions. The War in Heaven, a thoughtful, religious work, by the Rev. James P. Simmons, has attracted general
attention. Our Brother in Black, and other works, by Bishop Atticus G. Haygood, are widely read. The late M. Dwinell, of the Rome "Courier," wrote an attractive book of travels, and J. R. German and Rev. M. B. Wharton have made successful ventures in the same field. Rev. J. M. Bonnell's Art of Prose Composition also deserves favorable mention here. Then, it should be stated that Clifford Lanier has written two novels, Thorn Fruit, and Two Hundred Bales. Other novels are
Nellie Horton, by Rev. Dr. Warren, of Macon; Crown Jewels, by Mrs. Emma
Moffett Tyng; Ca Ira, by W. D. Trammell; Helen Freeman In the Right Path, by Miss L. A. Field: Cachet, bv Mrs. M. J. R. Hamilton, and several juvenile books
by Rev. George G. Smith. The Life of Henry W. Grady, published by H. C. Hudgins & Co., of Atlanta, is a splendid popular biography of the great Georgia journalist, and another biography of Mr. Grady, issued by_the Cassells, of New York, ranks very high. Its introduction is by Joel Chandler Harris, and is a remarkably interesting study of the orator and editor. There are, of course,
various theological and school books by Georgia writers, besides medical and technological works, but they are not generally included in a chapter dealing with
literature and journalism. Many things contributed to the press would have added
greatly to the reputation of their writers if they had ever made their appearance in book form. The late P. W. Alexander wrote a capital series of war letters, and in later years his contributions to the newspapers were always characterized by rare excellencies of style. In reconstruction times the Hon. Henry S. Fitch, of Illinois, made Georgia his home for several years. He was United States district attorney, but his occasional newspaper articles had a Junius-like brilliancy and epi grammatic turn and were widely copied. Ex-Senator H. V. M. Miller has occasion ally consented to deliver literary lectures, and his efforts have been distinguished by
their literary finish and instructive and entertaining qualities. Rev. Dr. W. P. Har-
rison, for a long time the editor of the "Southern Methodist Review," made a national reputation for scholarship and brilliant writing. Mr. Woodrow Wilson
has written several well-known books of a political character which have won favor with thoughtful readers. Dr. J. William Jones, the author of lives of Lee and
Davis, and various other war books, was for some years a resident of Atlanta. Mr. C. H. Jones, editor of the St. Louis "Post-Dispatch," is the author of several
volumes of literary essays. Judge Logan E. Bleckley will always be remembered
as the author of In the Matter of Rest, and several other poems of striking origin
ality. Some of his lectures also display the qualities of wisdom and humor in a most remarkable degree. If this eminent man had devoted his leisure hours to literary- pursuits it cannot be doubted that he would have made a name among the most eminent writers of our country. Mrs. Julia Truitt Bishop, now of Texas; Miss Julia Fischer. of Augusta, and Miss Harrydelle Hallmark, of the latter place, have made reputations with their stories and sketches.
Residents of older states glancing over the list of Georgia litterateurs may think that it is a brief one and contains but few well-known names, but the explanation is not far to seek. During the first five generations of the-state's existence the people were busy making history. They were pushing the Indians westward, fight-

LITERATURE AND JOURNALISM.

6l

ing battles, clearing away forests, building towns and cities, constructing railways
and opening mines. The men among them who had first-class literary ability
devoted themselves to law, medicine, politics and the ministry, and in these callings they became famous. Bright intellects like those of the Toombses, Stephenses,
Cobbs, Browns, Hills and Colquitts spurned the slow work of the pen when they
knew that their eloquence at the bar or in legislative halls would advance them to the very highest positions and win fame and fortune. Such men as Pierce, Haygood, Candler, Tucker, and Hawthorne in the pulpit have swayed more people than
they could have done through the medium of their pens, and as they were practical men looking for immediate results they avoided the arduous and uncertain pathway of literature. Very few of Georgia's greatest intellects embarked in journalism. The rewards were meager and they felt that it would profit them more to throw
themselves into the exciting field of politics and leave the work of chronicling their deeds to inferior minds of a more patient and plodding cast Then sectionalism
at an early date blighted southern literature. In the great centers of the north, where the best facilities for publication and distribution existed, it was natural that the writers of that section should have the preference, and the impression gained ground in the south that books by southern writers were not wanted, and that they would be discriminated against in the regular channels of trade under the control of northern publishers. So there grew up in the south a literary class which had no medium of expression except in conversation, letter-writing, pulpit discourses and speeches at the bar and in the political arena. It was not indolence that
prevented these students and lovers of literature from writing books; it was their well-grounded conviction that the publishers and critics of the north and of Europe
were against them and would not give them fair play. The Harrises, Johnstons
and Edwardses of the anti-bellum period in Georgia could have written stories that would have answered Uncle Tom's Cabin, but they never penned a line because they felt assured that their books would not be placed on sale and that the combined
northern and European press would be against any literature that came from a slave-holding people. But in politics, at least, they had a fair field in which indi vidual ability could not fail to gain the world's recognition. And the southern statesmen were not mistaken in this view. They ruled the republic almost from its formation down to a recent period, and the cultured circles of Europe are familiar with the names and the careers of a long line of illustrious presidents and public men who came from every state in the south, from Virginia to Texas. Literature ebbed in the south because politics offered all the most attractive prizes.

GEORGIA GAZETTE.
On April 7, 1763, the "Georgia Gazette," edited by James Johnson, made its appearance in Savannah. It was the first newspaper in Georgia and the eighth to appear in the colonies. It was conducted as a weekly until 1799, when it was suspended. At that time in the sparsely settled colony it was very difficult to sup port a newspaper, and "The Gazette" was necessarily a small affair, containing marriages, deaths, the arrival of vessels, and brief articles on political subjects. Before the revolution it was completely under the control of the royal governor, Wright, and later it seemed to follow the fortunes of the dominant parties, whether they were royalists or patriots. It contained many of the proclamations and resolutions of those days, all of which will be found reproduced in the histories of Stevens and Jones. In the History of Savannah, written by Hon. C. C. Jones, Tr., O. F. Vedder and Frank Weldon, the chapter devoted to journalism contains

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an interesting account of the rise and progress of the newspapers of that city. In January, 1802, "The Georgia Republican," a semi-weekly owned and edited by
John F. Everett, was started. This was the second newspaper in Savannah. In 1807 John J. Evans was associated with Mr. Everett and the paper was changed to a tri-weekly with the name of ''The Republican and Savannah Evening Ledger."
In 1810 Mr. Evans took entire charge and was succeeded in 1814 by Frederick S. Fell as editor and proprietor. A. Mclntyre became a partner in 1817, and the paper was soon enlarged and changed to a daily for a few months, when it returned
to its tri-weekly issues. Mr. Fell remained with the paper in sole or part control
until his death in 1831. Emanuel De La Motta then conducted it until 1837, when I. Cleland joined him. De La Motta retired two years later, and William Hogan the year following became Cleland's partner. Cleland shortly withdrew and was
succeeded by Charles Davis. The paper then began to advocate whig principles,
and was changed to a morning daily. In 1849 Mr. Hogan sold his interest to Joseph L. Locke, who became the managing editor, with Mr. Davis as commercial editor and business manager. Mr. Davis later sold to Francis J. Winter, but his
death shortly aftenvard left Mr. Locke in entire control. Mr. Locke finally sold his entire interest to Mr. P. W. Alexander in 1853. Mr. A. W. Moore was associated with Mr. Alexander, but soon retired and was succeeded by James R. Sneed. In 1856 Mr. Alexander sold his interest to Mr. Sneed and F. W. Sims. Mr.
Sneed was in editorial charge of the paper until the city was captured by Gen. Sherman in 1864. Under instructions from the Federal commander the paper was
seized, and John R Hayes, the war correspondent of the "New York Tribune,"
who was with the army, took charge as editor, remaining in that position until his death in September, 1868. The paper was then sold to its old editor and pro
prietor, James R. Sneed, who sold it to Col. William A. Reed about a year la{er. In the course of a few months it suspended. It was revived by Scudder & Hardee, who sold it to "The Advertiser," a new paper. In 1878 the subscription list was sold to "The Morning News." Among the editors on the staff of "The Repub lican" at different times were S. T. Chapman, Edward De Leon, Thomas H.
Harden and Thomas W. Lane. Dr. William A. Caruthers was also a valued con tributor. The paper was at first on the side of the republican or Jeffersonian party,
but after 1828, when it was the champion of Andrew Jackson, it went over to the whigs and did good work for that party, although it did not support Winfield Scott for the presidency. It opposed secession vigorously, but when Georgia went
out of the Union it was loyal to the state and the Confederacy until the invaders took possession of it and turned it over to a republican editor.

SAVANNAH GEORGIAN.

The "Savannah Georgian" started in November, 1818, with Dr. John M. Harvey as editor. It was a bright newspaper, but the editor unfortunately differed
with his constituents in regard to many important matters, and there was not a good understanding between him and the public. The people did not patronize the venture liberally and Harvey sold out to I. K. Tefft and H. J. Finn. In leav
ing Savannah, Harvey wrote a poem of much local notoriety, in which he heaped
curses upon the city, enumerating in it every bad feature which he thought was connected with Savannah. Finn, who was an actor, soon returned to the stage, and died a well-known and popular comedian. Mr. Tefft sold out to George and William Robertson, and in 1832 Dr. R. D. Arnold and W. H. Bullock became
joint editors and proprietors. Henry R. Jackson, Philip J. Pnnch, and S. S. Sibley

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63

were the next owners of the paper. Gen. Jackson soon retired and P. B. Hilton was admitted into the partnership. There were other changes, until it came under the control of Albert R. Lamar, who conducted it until 1859, when it was suspended. Lamar, who will be spoken of again in these pages, was one of the most brilliant editorial writers ever known in Savannah. He was a man of strong intellect, thorough culture and he had the courage of his convictions. While he was really of a genial nature, he knew when to dip his pen in gall, and when he was in the mood few writers could equal him in flaying an opponent.

SAVANNAH MUSEUM.
In 1820 the "Savannah Museum" was started, but after running a few years it was discontinued, the field being too narrow at that time for another newspaper. "The Morning News," established in 1850, of course ranks as the leading daily of the city without any exceptions in the past W. T. Thompsonethe litterateur, who is mentioned elsewhere in this work, was the first editor. He held his position through several decades, and while compelled to take a vacation under Sherman's rule for a few months, he retained his chair until his death in 1882. The historian to whose work we have referred says that under Thompson the paper was vigorous from the first, standing up for democratic principles, regardless of the dictates of the politicians. It bore its part in the great secession and war period, and in 1867 J. H. Estill purchased an interest and finally added to it, until he had the entire control. Estill is what is called a self-made man. A native of Charleston, lie has been connected from childhood with the printing business. He worked as a printer in Charleston and Savannah and when the war began he was a pressman in the latter city. He served with Bartow in the war and when peace was restored again worked as a printer and pressman. When he obtained control of "The Morning News" he gave his entire attention to his business and in 1876 the paper was able to erect a handsome building. Mr. Estill, if he had devoted himself to editorial work, would have made a reputation, but he is a man of affairs, and his time has been fully occupied with great enterprises for the past generation. He has been remarkably successful, and it should be said to his credit that he has always manifested a just and proper appreciation of the work of his staff writers. His relations with Mr. Thompson, for instance, were always fraternal, and when Joel Chandler Harris was on "The News," Mr. Estill began those intimate rela tions with him which have continued down to the present time. "The News" was a fearless paper during the reconstruction era, and ably seconded its contempo raries in the other leading cities of the state in restoring good government under the rule of the democracy. It was one of the first dailies in Georgia to organize a good system of special correspondence in Washington and other centers, and it was the first to equip itself with those conveniences of machinery which are now considered indispensable in all first-class newspaper establishments. It had the first folding machine and the first mailer used in Georgia. It bought new and improved presses and year after year kept the paper up to date, increasing its tele graphic service from 1,800 words per day to 6,000.
THE TIMES
Of afternoon journalism in Savannah it may be said that "The Times" was the first evening paper that made a success. It was founded in 1882 by Richardson & McNally. Mr. H. Richardson had been for a long time the city editor of "The News," and McNally had been its bookkeeper. They made a success of their

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venture and Mr. Richardson is now equally successful as the editor of "The Columbus Enquirer-Sun." The paper was sold to Mr. Gazaway Hartridge, who improved it very much. Its successor is "The Press," whose editor, P. A. Stovall, has made a reputation as a brilliant journalist and as the author of a life of Robert Toombs.
JOURNAL, COURIER, MIRROR, EXPRESS AND ADVERTISER.
"The Evening Journal," "The Courier," "The Mirror," "The Evening Express" and "The Daily Advertiser" were started in recent years and lived only a short time. Among other papers in Savannah now living are "The Journal," a German weekly, "The Savannah Local," "The Independent" and "The Tribune." "The Old Homestead," a literary monthly, after a successful career of several years, was moved to Atlanta, where it recently suspended. While it is generally admitted that W. T. Thompson was Savannah's foremost journalist, it is a well-known fact that Gen. Jackson, Dr. Arnold, Miles Levy, Charles X. West and others have at various times volunteered as editorial writers in some public or party emergency, and their pens have rendered the press good service. Ex-Senator Thomas M. Norwood is another writer whose name is well known in journalism. He is one of the most distinguished lawyers in Savannah, and has served in both houses of congress. He is the author of a popular novel entitled Plutocracy, and is a fre quent contributor to the newspapers. His style is noted for its pointed, epi grammatic and scholarly characteristics, and his newspaper articles are widely read and copied. But, as a rule, the best talent of Savannah has not been attracted to journalism. The most successful newspaper men of the city have come from other places. "The Morning News" is a first-class daily, but with the Atlantic on one side and a sparsely settled territory on the other, natural limitations make it impossible for it to obtain the wide circulation and influence secured by north ern and western newspapers, which are in some instances really inferior to "The News." The bright young men of Savannah, therefore, are not inclined to go into local journalism. The bar offers them more tempting prizes, and among its mem bers will be found some of the most distinguished men in the union. No suc cessful journalist in Savannah could ever hope for the fame and fortune that come to a popular lawyer with a good practice.

THE INTELLIGENCER.
Maj. John H. Steele was the editor of Atlanta's first daily newspaper, "The Intelligencer," owned by Judge Jared I. Whitaker. Steele began his work in 1851, and was a power in the state until his death in 1871. He was a man of culture of the old school, and his thorough acquaintance with politics and public men made him a valuable man in his profession. "The Intelligencer" was a dem ocratic newspaper, and during Gov. Joseph E. Brown's four gubernatorial terms, embracing eight years in all, it rendered substantial services to the party, as it was the leading daily in North Georgia. Maj. Steele always furnished a thought ful and well-written editorial page. He was particular about small points, which are now neglected by most of our editorial writers. He believed in a dignified discussion of political issues, and anything flippant or unfair was especially ab horrent to him. When the occasion required it the major called to his aid the ablest pens in the state, and under his management for some twenty years it was even-where recognized as an enterprising and influential newspaper for those times. Even during his six years connection with it after the war, when age and

LITERATURE AND JOURNALISM.

65

disease had greatly impaired his usefulness, he was noted for his clear head,

remarkable memory and the readiness with which he wrote his political leaders.

I

SOUTHERN MISCELLANY.

"

j

"The Southern Miscellany," a literary weekly owned by Col. C. R. Hanleiter, was moved from Madison to Atlanta in 1846, and survived for a brief period. Col. Henleiter is still living, but his co-worker, Maj. W. T. Thompson, the jour nalist and story-writer, died in 1882 in Savannah, where he was editing "The Morning News."
SOUTHERN TEMPERANCE CRUSADER.
Col. John H. Seals deserves more than a passing notice in this chapter on the writers of Georgia. He was born in this state something more than sixty years ago, and while yet a young man he began in Atlanta the publication of "The Southern Temperance Crusader," a journal of considerable literary merit Mrs. Mary E. Bryan was on the staff from the beginning, and the venture would have been a permanent success but for the fact that the war broke out about two years after it was started and caused its suspension. Its popularity was so great, however, that when Col. Seals started "The Sunny South," in 1875, with Mrs. Bryan to aid him, the paper at once leaped into public favor and secured the largest circulation ever enjoyed by any southern literary weeklv. A few years ago Col. Seals sold "The Sunny South" to Messrs. J. R. Holliday, Clark Howell and C. C. Nichols, who still own it and continue its publication under the editorial management of Mr. Henry Clay Fairman.

THE NATIONAL AMERICAN.
Among the early newspapers in Atlanta was "The National American," a tri weekly, owned by Col. C. R. Hanleiter, and edited by Col. J. S. Peterson. In the period just before the war it was an able newspaper, and its editor gave so much of his time and attention to the study of southern statistics that he was soon recog nized as an authority on the subject. He is still an active figure in journalistic and business circles, and he is the same enthusiastic and well-informed champion of Atlanta and Georgia that he was forty years ago when he first sought a home in the struggling town in the forests.

SOUTHERN CONFEDERACY.
It does not come within the province of this chapter to attempt to narrate the story of the various weeklies which have been started in Atlanta. Many of them were short-lived, and others never had any circulation and never succeeded in impressing the public. "The Southern Confederacy," however, deserves more than a passing mention. It was a weeklv started in 1859 by Dr. James P. Hambleton. The paper in a short time became the most violent secession paper in the south. In 1860 it published its famous "black-list"' of northern republican merchants, and advised all southerners not to trade with them. Dr. Hambleton soon retired from journalism, and since the war period has been heard from only occasionally. At last accounts he was a resident of Washington city.

MINOR DAILIES.
During the war period numerous dailies were published in Atlanta, and among them were "The Intelligencer," "Southern Confederacy," "Gate City Guardian,"

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"Commonwealth," "Reveille," "Knoxville Register" and "Memphis Appeal." "The Register" was edited by L. J. Dupre and John C. Whitner, and. among its editorial contributors were such prominent men as Hon. L. Q. C. Lamar and
Gen. Howell Cobb. "The Confederacy" was managed by Col. George W. Adair and Mr. J. Henley Smith. It had a good staff, and Henry Watterson, of Louis ville, Mr. A. R_ Watson, the well-known poet, and Mr. J. N. Cardozo, the econo
mist and statistician, were all connected with it Watson and Cardozo have been dead many years, but the others are in the midst of their useful work. During
the war the newspapers found it a hard matter to obtain their necessary supplies of machinery, paper and ink, but they kept up bravely until the last, frequently
printing entire editions on brown wrapping paper and wall paper. The editors and printers were not subject to conscription, and this fact explains the ease
with which they kept their ranks filled at all times. The siege killed several news papers, but "The Memphis Appeal" and "The Intelligence?' fled southward, and the latter lost no time in returning to Atlanta after its evacuation by the Fed erals in November, 1864. Sherman had occupied the city for two months and a half, from Sept. 2 to the middle of November, but in that time no newspaper was started. Everything was in suspense and nobody had enough confidence in the situation to begin the publication of a paper. Immediately after the restora tion of peace ''The Intelligencer" had a rival in the shape of "The Daily New Era." under the management of Col. J. S. Prather. The following year "The Era" was sold to Dr. Samuel Bard, who soon changed it into a republican organ. In the course of two or three years a stock company purchased the paper and installed the Hon. William L. Scruggs as managing editor. Mr. Scruggs con ducted the paper very successfully until the chaotic conditions of reconstruction times made the venture unprofitable and it was forced to suspend. The editor, however, was not a loser by the change. He had manifested such signal ability
as to attract the attention of President Grant, who offered him the mission to the United States of Colombia. Col. Scruggs accepted this important post and
made such a splendid record as a diplomat that he was reappointed. He also served as consul at Canton, China, and was twice sent as minister to Venezuela. In the meantime "The Sun," ''True Georgian," "Constitution" and "Herald" came into the field. "The Intelligencer" and "The New Era" made way for the new comers, and after a brief career all of them were out of the way with the excep tion of "The Constitution." "The Herald" at one time gave promise of perma nency. It was managed by Henry W. Grady, Robert A. Alston and A. St ClairAbrams. Alston was killed in a fight with- one of his friends, Capt. Edward Cox: Abrams went to Florida, where he became prominent in politics, and Grady joined the staff of "The Constitution."

THE CONSTITUTION.
"The Constitution" deserves a chapter of some length. It was started in the bunnner of 1868 by Carey W. Styles and J. H. Anderson, with W. A. Hemphill for its business manager. Col. Styles made it a strong anti-reconstruction paper, and it became the leading organ of the democratic party in Georgia. In the course of a few months Col. Styles retired, and the paper was conducted under the firm name of W. A. Htmphill & Co. J. R. Barrick. a Kentuckian of fine literary ability, edited the paper until his death in 1869, when Col. I. W. Avery took < ditorial charge. Various changes occurred, and finally Capt. Evan P. Howell purchased an interest and became editor-in-chief. Col. E. -Y. Clarke was man aging editor for six years, but in 1876 he sold out his interest to Capt. Howell and

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retired. Mr. N. P. T. Finch, who was one of the proprietors and editorial writers, sold out his interest in 1888 to Mr. S. M. Inman. Henry W. Grady purchased a fourth interest in 1880 and became managing editor. Upon his death in 1889 Mr. Clarke Howell succeeded him, and still retains his position. In the course of ten years Mr. Grady made "The Constitution" the leading southern news paper. His methods increased the weekly subscription list to 150,000 and the daily was proportionately successful. He was a journalist Napoleon, and no department of the paper escaped his close scrutiny. He' had no superior as a political editor, but he never lost his interest in the literary features of the paper, and the local reporters never made a scoop or did any exceptionally good work without receiving substantial encouragement from him. No man could be more imaginative, and yet none was more matter-of-fact. For years Grady was the life and soul of "The Constitution," and under his control it became one of the chief factors in the upbuilding of the new south. He selected his men with care, and when he was satisfied that he had infused something of his own spirit into them he would sometimes cease writing for a long period of several months. His assistants thoroughly understood him, and in his absence it was a point of honor and a matter of pride with them to come as near as possible to his expectations and requirements. The important incidents of his career will be found in a more extended sketch of his life in another part of this work. Carey W. Styles, who was "The Constitution's" first editor, was at that time about forty years oldHe was a bitter hater of everything that he considered inimical to the south, and his editorial denunciations of republican rule and the reconstruction measures were the fiercest ever known, even in that period of heated passion and strife. Styles was absolutely fearless, and with practically the entire community at his back, he risked his life every day in what was then a perilous profession. Nor was he satisfied with denouncing those who differed with him through the columns of his paper. He frequently appeared on the platform and, meeting his political opponents face to face, he heaped upon them the most furious abuse. When he retired from "The Constitution" he edited at different times "The Albany (Ga.) News," a weekly at Brunswick, the "Evening Commonwealth" in Atlanta, and "The Constitution" at Weatherford, Texas. Gen. I. W. Avery was the most brilliant of the early editors of "The Constitution," and his literary and journalistic work is still eagerly sought for. On "The Constitution," "The Herald" and "The Evening Capitol" he rendered splendid service to his party, and was largely instrumental in building up the material interests of his state through his policy of bringing prominently before the outside world the natural resources of the commonwealth. His style is remarkably fluent and graceful, and is characterized by dash, vigor and enthusiasm.
Capt. Evan P. Howell, "The Constitution" editor-in-chief, was born in Milton county in 1839. He had only commenced the practice of law at Sandersville when the war broke out and he went to the front with the First Georgia regiment as orderly sergeant of his company. During the last three years of the struggle he was captain of Howell's artillery, and was in nearly all of the leading battles in Virginia, and in the Georgia campaign. Although a mere youth at the time he exhibited those traits of indomitable courage and determination which have made him so influential in journalism and in politics. He has been repeatedly elected to both houses of the state legislature, and has declined the urgent requests of his fellow citizens to serve them in the gubernatorial chair and in the United States senate. He has had an extensive experience in public life. As the solicitorgeneral of his circuit he made a fine record, and as a democratic campaign

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organizer he has long been regarded as the best in the state. In the campaign which resulted in the permanent location of the capital in Atlanta, Capt. Howell was an indefatigable worker. . With his multiplicity of business cares he does not find much time for writing, but he outlines the general policy of the paper, and
when he writes an editorial its pointed, pithy and vigorous style generally causes it to attract public attention, and it is frequently copied from one end of the
country to the other. His work in behalf of Atlanta's expositions and the various great industrial enterprises which have developed and benefited Georgia, and the south has been generally recognized. Personally, the captain is one of the most genial and magnetic of men. He is as well known and popular in Washington, Xew York and other political and commercial centers as he is in Atlanta.
Clark Howell, the present managing editor of "The Constitution," is at the present time just entering the thirties. He began his journalistic career when a mere boy after leaving the state university. He served with distinction for so
young a writer on "The New York Times" and "The Philadelphia Press," and then became night editor of the paper which he now manages. Succeeding Mr.
Grady at his death, he gave most of his time and attention to the details of his office work, and is probably the most painstaking and industrious managing editor
in America. He has several times represented his county in the legislature and has served as speaker of the house, and is at the present time a member of the National democratic executive committee. He inherits many of his father's best
characteristics, and has made a reputation as a political organizer and campaign worker. Mr. Howell frequently appears on the platform and is a very popular and effective speaker. He has a legion of devoted friends in Georgia and through
out the Union, and his election last year to the presidency of the International League of Press clubs is an evidence of the warm regard entertained for him by his brother journalists. Among other notable men on the staff of this great news
paper are Joel Chandler Harris, the chief editorial writer; Frank L. Stanton, P. J. Moran. Frank Weldon, J. K. Ohl, E. W. Barrett and R. L. Adamson, Julian Harris, E. C. Bruffey, Remsen Crawford and R. H. Newell of the local depart
ment; also Mr. L. L. Knight. Mr. Harris, the author of Uncle Remus, has been
sketched elsewhere in these pages, but it may not be out of place to mention the fact here that he is considered the financial authority on the paper, and his editorials in favor of the remonetization of silver during the past few years have
been widely quoted. Mr. Stanton?s work is now famous throughout the country. His verses are in thousands of scrap books and his bright paragraphs are very popular. Two editions of a volume of his poems have had a large sale and have received highly favorable notices from leading reviewers in this country and in
England. Mr. Moran is one of the ablest correspondents and special writers in
the United States, and his capacity for work is apparently unlimited. Mr. J. K. Ohl. the assistant managing editor, is a clear-headed, well-equipped journalist.
His special articles and his dramatic criticisms are popular features of the paper. His wife, who writes over the pen-name of Maude Andrews, is the society editor.
Her work in prose and verse is always brilliant and thoroughly readable. Her poems liave appeared in 'The Century" and "The Cosmopolitan," and her short
stories have met with a very favorable reception. She ranks with the most accomplished literary women of the continent.
Frank Weldon. the night editor of "The Constitution," is a young Baltimorean
who has made a good record in the journalism of Baltimore, Savannah and Atlanta. In Savannah he was for some time on the staff of "The Press," a bright and successful afternoon paper. He makes an admirable night editor and is

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qually at home in other departments of newspaper work. His letters, stories and sketches are among the best produced by the younger generation of southern newspaper men. Walter G. Cooper, who was a special writer on the paper for several years during Mr. Grady's management, and after his death, is a writer who has already come to the front. As the editor of "The Rome Tribune" and chief of the department of publicity of the Cotton States and International exposition he
has made a fine reputation for so young a man. He is an industrious worker, and when he writes an article dealing with facts and figures he is never satisfied until he has verified every important statement. He has a clear, pleasing style, and his little book on the Piedmont region is regarded as a valuable and interesting volume. Mr. Cooper's journalistic ability has enabled him to greatly aid the expo sition in bringing its salient features before the public.
Mr. L. L. Knight, the editor of the religious department of "The Constitution," is a young man of exceptional gifts. His historical and biographical articles are full of merit and give promise of more ambitious work in that line. He is also a graceful poet and eloquent speaker, and inherits much of the talent of the Walton and Lamar families, whose blood flows in his veins. Mr. W. A. Hemphill, the business manager, and the owner of a large interest in the paper, has been promi nently identified with it from the first, and its success is principally due to his forethought, economy and enterprise. He is a graduate of the state university, a gallant ex-Confederate, the president of a bank, and an ex-mayor of Atlanta. He first suggested the Cotton States and International exposition, and stands in the front rank of Georgia's progressive and public-spirited citizens. He is now in
the prime of life and bids fair to enjoy a long career of honor and usefulness. From 1874 until a recent date Samuel W. Small was one of the most con
spicuous men in Atlanta journalism. He came to Atlanta from Texas, where
he had conducted an afternoon paper, which he had started shortly after resigning his position as ex-President Andrew Johnson's private secretary. "The Consti tution" people soon found that he was the best short-hand writer, the best reporter and the best all-round man that had ever been on the staff. He has made a notable record in the past twenty years. No man on the Atlanta press has done more work and better work, and none is to-day better equipped for journalism. Mr. Small found time to visit Europe in an official capacity at the Paris exposi tion. He wrote pamphlets, started daily and weekly papers, acted as court stenog rapher, traversed the country as an evangelist and lecturer, started a paper in Oklahoma, and one in Norfolk, and at last accounts had opened a law office
in that city. In the reconstruction period Dr. Samuel Bard was quite prominent in Atlanta
and in Georgia. He came to Atlanta from Memphis, and after running "The New Era" a short time as a democratic paper, suddenly turned it into a republican organ. When he sold it he started "The Daily True Georgian,'' on the republican line. President Grant appointed him governor of Idaho, but he soon resigned the office, and during Grant's second term accepted the postmastership of Chat tanooga. About 1876 he started a daily paper at Pensacola, Fla., and during that year fell a victim to the yellow fever. He was a man of talent, tact and personal magnetism, and in the most heated political warfare he managed to
retain the friendship of his opponents. Col. E. W. Clarke, one of the early editors of "The Constitution," was in his
active days one of the most popular journalists in Georgia. He was patriotic
and public-spirited, and his efforts in behalf of the development of the state have never been sufficiently appreciated.' He has at various times embarked in other

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newspaper ventures, and his History of Atlanta is still regarded as a work of great local interest and value.
ATLANTA SUN.
"The Atlanta Sun," a daily in existence between 1870 and 1874 had the dis tinction of being edited first by the Hon. Cincinnatus Peeples and later by the Hon. Alexander H. Stephens. A. R. Watson, the poet, Mr. P. J. Moran, and Mr. William H. Moore were brilliant members of the staff. Watson died in Macon, where he had accepted a place on "The Telegraph;" Moore died in Augusta while editing "The Evening News," and Mr. Moran is now one of the most active members of "The Constitution's" staff. Mr. Stephens was not successful as the managing editor of a newspaper. He wrote his editorials at his home in Crawfordville, more than 100 miles distant, and it was a common thing for one of his leaders to fill five columns. He could write able political essays, but short and timely editorials and paragraphs were beyond his reach. The paper was a financial failure, and when it suspended Mr. Stephens lost a considerable sum of money.
DEAD DAILIES.

It would be a difficult matter to enumerate all the dead Atlanta daily news papers within the past thirty-five years. Shortly after the war "The Intelligencer," "Opinion," "Commercial," "Sun" and "News" gave up the ghost, and they were followed by "The Times," "Telegram," "Transcript," "Nickel," "Evening Herald," "Commonwealth," "Tribune," "Post-Appeal" and others. The "Post-Appeal" was at one time a profitable newspaper. Maj. D. E. Caldwell sold it to Col. Marcellus E. Thornton, and the experiment of changing it from an afternoon to a morning paper brought about its suspension. Maj. Caldwell is dead, but Col. Thornton, who is a man of large wealth, owns and edits "The Press" and "Carolinian" at Hickory, N. C.
ATLANTA JOURNAL
"The Atlanta Journal," started in 1883 by Col. E. F. Hoge, who died a little over a year later, is one of the leading newspapers of the state. When Col. Hoge's ill health forced him to sell, Col. John Paul Jones, of Toledo, Ohio, pur chased it He afterward sold it to a stock company, and it is now owned by the Hon. Hoke Smith, Mr. H. H. Cabaniss and several other gentlemen. Mr. Smith directed, and is supposed still to direct the policy of the paper. His first managing editor, Mr. Josiah Carter, resigned after holding the position a few years and started an afternoon paper with the unlucky name of "The Herald." In the course of a couple of years it was forced to suspend and Mr. Carter went on the staff of "The New York Morning Advertiser," while his partner, Mr. Black burn, started "The Commercial," an afternoon paper which has achieved a very gratifying degree of success. "The Journal" has had on its editorial staff such capable writers as Mr. F. H. Richardson, Mr. John H. Martin, Mr. Howard Williams, Mr. Thad Horton, Mr. Gordon N. Hurtell, Mr. Stanhope Sams, Mr. A. W. Sealer, Mr. W. H. Howard, Mr. J. H. Johnson, Mrs. Lollie Belle Wylie, Miss Corinne Stacker, and Miss Mary Lou Jackson. Mr. Martin retired some years ago, having served forty-eight years on a number of newspapers in various states. He is now a resident of Atlanta, and in his serene old age enjoys the competency which he has so well earned. In his time he was one of the most influential editors in the state, but he never courted publicity, and much of his best work has been

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inadvertently credited to others. Mr. Richardson and his associates make an able staff, and Mr. Smith, the present secretary of the interior, is acknowledged to be a masterly director of the paper's editorial policy. He frequently writes a strong editorial, but the pressure of his public and professional duties leaves him very little time for such work. He is a man of great intellectual energy and power, and he is a potential force in journalism as well as at the bar and in politics. Mr. Smith at an early age made a reputation as a brainy lawyer, having been admitted to the bar at the age of seventeen. For some years he has enjoyed the most lucrative practice of any lawyer in Georgia. In journalism he adopts the same original and daring methods which have made him a leader at the bar and in politics. Since he has held the office of secretary of the interior he has not appeared prominently in the management of his paper, but it is well known that he is still the master spirit of "The Journal," and whenever it makes a decided hit in politics the people are quick to credit Secretary Smith with it.

EVENING CAPITOL.
"The Evening Capitol" was started by Charles S. Atwood in 1888 and at different times it was edited by I. W. Avery, James A. Gray and Judge Kit War ren. Mr. Atwood's bad health, resulting finally in his death, caused the paper to suspend. "The Commonwealth" was another paper that made quite a reputation under the ownership and management of Col. B. F. Sawyer, in the early seventies. Sawyer, who is still a prominent citizen of Atlanta, has been a gallant Confederate colonel, the editor of several newspapers, the author of several popular novels, and the inventor of a number of valuable articles. He is a native of Alabama, and from the time when he went to Cuba with the ill-fated Lopez expedition down to the present hour he has led a very active and busy life. It is by no means unlikely that he will again be heard from in journalism.
OTHER WEEKLIES AND MONTHLIES.
Atlanta had and still has many weeklies and monthlies of some reputation and influence. The Christian Index, a Baptist paper, now owned and edited by Mr. J. C. McMichael, was at different times edited by some of the ablest of the southern Baptists, among them the Rev. David Shaver, D. D., who before coming to Georgia was prominent in religious journalism as the editor of the "Richmond Religious Herald." His successor, the Rev. H. H. Tucker, who died a few years ago, had few equals as a strong, bold writer. The "Wesleyan Christian Advocate," a Meth odist weekly which was moved here from Macon a few years ago, is an influential journal under the editorship of the Rev. W. F. Glenn, D. D. The "Southern Cultivator," an agricultural monthly, was edited for many years by Dr. W. L. Jones, but his successor, ex-Gov. W. J. Northen, has ably taken up the work, and the magazine is doing a great work for the agricultural and other interests of this section. The "Southern Farm and Home," owned and edited by Mr. J. R. Holliday, and one or two others, also enjoys a good circulation and is very popular among the farmers. "Dixie," an industrial monthly, owned and edited by Thomas H. Martin and J. H. Alien, is the handsomest periodical in the south. It is a fine advertising medium, and is working wisely and effectually for the development of the resources of this section. The "Atlanta Medical and Surgical Journal" and the "Eclectic Medical Journal" are among the professional periodicals of Atlanta of long standing. The "People's Party Paper," edited by Thomas E. Watson, is a strong populist organ. It is vigorously edited and is said to have a large circula-

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tion in the rural districts. "The Looking Glass," an illustrated weekly, edited by Orth H. Stein, is a somewhat sensational paper, which lashes the follies and crimes of private and public circles in a fearless way. The latest daily in the field is the "Commercial," an afternoon paper, started by Mr. B. M. Blackburn in the early part of 1804. It is a democratic paper, but it is very independent and fearless in its policy. Apparently it has met with gradually increasing prosperity from the start.
Gen. I. W. Aven- in his History of Georgia claims that taken all in all the state has as bright, independent and gifted journalists and as newsy and vigorous papers as any state in the Union. This is doubtless true, but the historian goes so far as to say that "more notable and brilliant men have adorned our journalism than any other state can boast, and that there is now a larger endowment of superior press writers connected with the papers of this commonwealth than any other can show." Perhaps this is claiming too much for a sparsely settled state, the youngest of the okl thirteen. It is true, however, that some of our ablest statesmen, lawyers and business men, have been journalists or writers for the press. Among the names most prominent are those of Alexander H. Stephens, Henry W. Hilliard, L. Q. C. Lamar, H. Y. M. Miller, Albert R. Lamar. P. \V. Alexander, A. R. Wright, H. Gregg Wright, Cincinnatus Peeples. H. Y. Johnson, Mirabeau B. Lamar, James Gardner, Henry R. Jackson. William M. Browne, Joseph Forsyth, William T. Thompson, James R. Randall. William L. Scruggs, Patrick Walsh, Henry W. Grady, Evan P. Howell. Clark Howell, Joel Chandler Harris, Henry Edwards and P. A.'Stovall.
AUGUSTA CHRONICLE.
"The Augusta Chronicle" is the oldest paper in the state, having been founded in 1785. and "The Constitutionalist," which was consolidated with it, dates from 1799. Mr. James M. Jones was the chief editor of "The Chronicle and Sentinel," as it was called, for many years, and Mr. Y. M. Barnes assisted him just before and during the war period. Barnes edited "The Constitutionalist," under James Gard ner, during the last two years of the war. and sat in the constitutional convention of 1865. Gardner made his paper a power in Georgia for the ten years before seces sion, and narrowly missed the governor's chair. James R. Randall edited the paper after the reconstruction period until it consolidated with the "Chronicle." On this latter paper Gen. A. R. Wright and his son. H. Gregg Wright, made national reputations. Connected with them \vas Patrick Walsh, the brainy Irishman who for more than twenty years past has been the chief proprietor and the dominant spirit of the paper. Walsh is a self-made man, but he acquired a first-class educa tion and for more than a quarter of a century he has been prominent as a writer and as a speaker in state conventions and other deliberative assemblies. As United States senator, filling the unexpired term of the late Senator A. H. Colquitt, he made a greater reputation in a few months than was ever made in the same brief period by any other member of that body. He is never happier than when he makes his paper advance the material interests of the south, and no man in all the rc-gion has a greater command of statistics relating to our water-power, cotton mills, mines, agricultural and other industries. He is a vigorous writer and an eloquent speaker, and his public spirit, loyalty to his friends and devotion to his state are proverbial.
COLUMBUS ENQUIRED.
In 1828 Mirabeau B. Lamar established the "Columbus Enquirer." In 1830 he yielded the editorship to Henry W. Hilliard until 1834. wheii Gen. Lamar resumed control for a while, and then went to Texas, where he became the first president of

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the republic. S. M. Flournoy was editor from 1834 until his death in 1857. John H. ulartin was editor from 1858 to 1876. In 1874 Maj. Alfred R. Calhoun, an ex-Union officer, bought the paper and later purchased the "Sun," changing the name of the venture to the "Georgia Sun." Calhoun's style was too independent and personal to suit the community, and he sold out to W. L. Salisbury, who employed J. G. De Votie as editor. Salisbury was assassinated in 1878, and John King purchased the paper. De Votie remained editor until he died in 1881, when King assumed editorial management. It is now edited bv B. H. Richardson, an able editor, who was formerly city editor of the "Savannah News." The "Columbus Sun" was at various times edited by Hon. John Forsyth, Hon. William L. Scruggs and other prominent men.
MINOR WEEKLIES.
The De Wolfes, of the "Times"--father and son--were among the well-known journalists of Columbus, and E. T. Byrington in recent years made a notable success of the "Ledger," an afternoon paper. The "Athens Banner-Watchman," started as the "Banner," a weekly, in 1816. As a dailv the "Banner" was owned at various times by Hopkins Ho'lsey, James Sledge, S.'A. Atkinson, T. W. and T. L. Gantt, H. H. Carlton, Chapman & Ingram, John T. Waterman and a stock company. The "Watchman," a weekly paper of some renown, conducted by John H. Christy, was consolidated with the "Banner" years ago. In 1826 the Macon "Telegraph and Messenger" was established, at first under the name of the "Tele graph," but about 1870 it absorbed the "Messenger," another old paper, started by Simon Rose, and edited by Gen. William M. Browne. Among the leading editors of the "Telegraph and Messenger" at various times were Joseph Clisby, H. H. Jones, A. R. Watson, A. W. Reese, Albert R. Lamar, Harry Edwards, F. H. Rich ardson and A. A. Alien. Lamar was the most brilliant and best equipped editor of his time in Georgia. He was a student and a thinker, and his style had been polished and pointed to the very last degree. His editorials were read with delight by all cultured people whether they agreed with them or not, and the writer's half cynical, half humorous vein invested his articles with an additional charm. His death a few years ago deprived Georgia journalism of one of the few men who had made a national reputation in it.

AUGUSTA NEWS.
"The Augusta News," started in 1877 by the late William H. Moore, is still a successful evening paper, running neck-and-neck with its bright rival, "The Herald,'' whose leading writer is Thomas D. Murphy, a newspaper man who stands deservedly high in journalistic circles ''The Rome Tribune'' was started in 184335 "The Coosa River Journal," by S. Jack, H. V. M. Miller and W. Spencer. There were several changes and as "The Courier'' it was owned successively by A. M. Eddleman, S. M. Jack. Joshua Knowles and W. J. Scott. M. Dwinell made a fortune out of "The Courier.'' and conducted it many years as a weekly, tri weekly and daily. Among the papers absorbed by it was "The Commercial," Henry W. Grady's paper. Its successor is "The Tribune," which has been edited by such competent journalists as John Temple Graves, Walter G. Cooper and Addison Knowles. "The Bulletin,"" "The Hustler" and other dailies have all con tributed to Rome's progress, and A. B. S. Moseley, of the former paper, has made quite a fortune out of his enterprise. Col. B. F. Sawyer, who was connected with various paper in Rome and later with "The Atlanta Commonwealth," is one of the ablest newspaper men in the state. "The Griffin Daily News," started in 1871, and

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conducted by J. D. Alexander, has been a notable paper for years. In Albany "The Xe\vs and Advertiser," conducted at different times by H. M. Mclntosh and others has made its mark in Georgia journalism.

VARIOUS NEWSPAPERS.
The leading religious newspapers of Georgia for many years have been "The Christian Index," the organ of the Baptist denomination, edited for a long time by
the Rev. David Shaven D. D., and the Rev. H. H. Tucker, D. D., and "The Wesleyan Christian Advocate," the organ of the Methodists. The latter paper changes editors every two or three years. "The Milledgeville Union and Recorder" is the outgrowth of two papers "The Recorder," started in 1819, by Grantland & Camak; and the "Federal Union," established in 1825. Gen Avery says in his history that the latter paper was at various times edited by John G. Polhill, John A. Cuthbert, H. V. Johnson and other distinguished men. "The Mountain
Signal," at Dahlonega, edited for a long time by Hon. W. P. Price, has always been an influential weekly. Fifteen years ago, in his summary of the weekly press, Gen. Avery wrote: "The next paper in age is the "Sandersville Herald and Georgian," founded in 1841, and now run by Wm. Park. "The La Grange Reporter" was started in 1843 by Dr. Bronson, with CoL W. B. Jones and Hon. John F. Awtry as printers, and the name then was "The La Grange Herald." B. H. Bigham and Col. Jones owned the paper a while. William J. Scott of "Scotts Magazine," edited it for a period. Alexander Speer, a most remarkable man, father of Judge Speer of the supreme court, and grandfather of Emory Speer, the congressman, was editor a long time. Thomas J. Bacon, a relative of Speaker A. O. Bacon, conducted this journal. The paper had a stirring administration under C. H. C. Willingham, who was threatened with arrest for his unsparing denunciation of the military reconstruction government Mr. J. T. Waterman bought "The Reporter" in 1872, and ran it for eight brilliant journalistic years, making it a model in every respect. He sold it to William A. Wimbish, who has
recently disposed of the paper. The next weekly paper in point of time was that exquisite specimen of typog
raphy and sustained taste and ability, the "Xorth Georgia Citizen," published and edited at Dalton by J. T. Whitman. It was started in 1847 by Ware & Wyatt, as the "Mountain Eagle." Its name has been often changed to "Spirit of the Times," "Xorth Georgia Times and Citizen." In 1858 the proprietor and editor was J. Troup Taylor. In 1859 J- T. Whitman, the present owner, bought the paper. It was partially destroyed by Gen. Shermans men, and was suspended a while. It has been democratic, conservative and ably conducted, and was one of the solid institutions of Dalton. It still runs under another management, but "The Argus," conducted by A. H. Shaner, is a formidable competitor. In 1854 Col. C. W. Hancock established the "Sumter Republican" in Americus, when the place had 300 people. It was a whig paper, but has been democratic since the war. It was suppressed by Gen. Steadman a month in 1865. It is a fine journal, and Col. Hancock is a leader of the Georgia press. It has a splendid scope of territory, it has grown steadily in circulation, and its present and only proprietor, if he lives fifty years longer, will leave it a legacy of honor and profit to his descendants. "The Southern Watchman," at Athens, was also established in 1854. "The South ern Enterprise," at Thomasville, began its life in 1855, and is now brilliantly run bv
Mr. C. P. Hansell. In 1856 the "Monroe Advertiser" was launched at Foreyth. J. P. Harrison
ran it long. J. C. Harris began his bright journalistic career upon it. It has always been a model of a paper, and Henry H. Cabaniss now keeps it up to its

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unsurpassable standard. In 1857 the "Cartersville Express'' was put forth. In 1858 the "Gainesville Eagle" commenced a strong career, J. E. Redwine long managing it Its editor was a bright writer, H. W. J.' Ham, who now edits "The Georgia Cracker" in the same town. In 1859 tne "Early County News," at Blakely, and the "Elberton Gazette," at Elberton, were established, both first-class journals.
VARIOUS PUBLICATIONS.

"The Warrenton Clipper," so far as we can learn, is the only war-born paper in existence, it having been established in 1863. It has had a stirring time, one of its editors, Mr. Wallace, having been murdered. It is now run by Rev. John A.
Shivers, one of the noted men of the state press, a bold, born editor. After the surrender, the "Newnan Herald" came to us first in 1865, and also the "Georgia Enterprise" at Covington. The year 1866 saw an increased activity in the birth of papers. The "Marietta Journal," "Waynesboro Herald and Expositor," "Dawson Journal," "Eatonton Messenger," "Greenesboro Herald," "Hawkinsville Dispatch," "Jesup Sentinel," "Sparta Times and Planter," and "Washington Gazette," all vigorous bantlings, inaugurated healthy, influential journalistic lives. The "Marietta Journal" was issued when the town was in ruins and garrisoned by Federal soldiery. It served a good mission, and gave hope to the county. It
fought reconstruction boldly, and was menaced time and again. R. M. Goodman & Co. owned it up to 1875, when Neal & Massey bought, and still run it It is a first-class journal. The "Waynesboro Herald and Expositor" is under control of R, O. Lovett, and was a consolidation in 1880 of "Expositor," started in 1866, and the "Herald," in 1878. The "Eatonton Messenger" has been a specially valuable and vigorous paper. It was called first the "Press and Messenger." It has changed hands and names several times. Its publisher and editor is George \V. Adams. It is one of the progressive journals of Georgia.
In 1867 the "Valdosta Times" was established. In 1868 the "Barnesville Ga zette" was introduced to the public by Lambkin & Pound. Mr. Pound, McMichael & Alien, and lastly J. C. McMichael owned the paper in succession. The journal has been twice enlarged, so great has been its prosperity. It is read in six counties, and is a strong publication. The "Brunswick Appeal" was started afso in 1868. The year 1869 saw several excellent weeklies given to the public, the "Madison Madisonian," the "Calhoun Times," the "Fort Valley Mirror," the "Perry Home Journal," the "Rome Bulletin," and the "Talbotton Register and Standard." The "Madisonian" was the project of the late Dr. J. C. C. Blackburn, for thirty years identified with our state journalism. The "Talbotton Standard"
was the enterprise of two remarkable young men, John B. Gorman and J. T. Waterman. Mr. Gorman was a gallant soldier, has been a successful business man, and a great walker, traveling on foot over 1,200 miles, and is altogether a
genial and original character. The "Standard" was consolidated with the "Reg ister" in 1880, and is now owned by J. B. Gorman and O- D. Gorman, and edited by O. D. Gorman, who is a facile writer and noted for his enterprise and fearless views. It is one of the model papers of the state and wields a deservedly great influence in the progressive county in which it is published.
In 1871 the "Catoosa Courier" was published, and has a large circulation, tinder R. M. Morris. The "Hinesville Gazette" was first issued in 1871, and that sterling journal, the "Gwinnett Herald," published now by Col. Tyler M. Peeples, at Lawrenceville. This is one of the strong weeklies, and edited by an ornament of the newspaper calling. The "McDuffie Journal," at Thompson, and the "Louis-

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ville News and Farmer" and "Bainbridge Democrat," by Mr. Ben Russell, com plete the list of 1871. The "Eastman Times," the "Toccoa News" and "Greenville Vindicator," by J. T. Revill, the "Lumpkin Independent" all came out in 1872. The "Vindicator" is conducted with singular power and independence. The "Greensboro Georgia Home Journal" was founded in 1873 by Rev. J. Knowles,
an eloquent preacher and an able writer. The "Hamilton Journal" and "Middle Georgia Argus," at Indian Springs, "Oglethorpe Echo," at Lexington, and "Montezuma Weekly," and the "Thomasville Times," by J. Triplett, also ap
peared in 1873. In 1874 the "State Line Press" at West Point, by S. P. Callaway; the "Covington Star," by J. W. Anderson, the "Jonesboro News," "Quitman Re porter," "Summerville Gazette," and the "Darien Timber Gazette," by Richard W.
Grubb, were established. These are all the very highest types of weekly journals, bold, able and enterprising. Mr. Callaway aided to found an admirable system of public schools. Mr. Anderson's career has been romantic, he figuring largely in the famous Kansas troubles, and is one of the strong men of our press. Mr. Grubb is a genius. His bright, newsy paper has been a departure in journalism, and is to-day a recognized leader among our state publications. In its files it has embalmed the local history of its county and the famous citizens. It has given some twenty-five sketches of the journalists of the state. His office has been twice destroyed by fire. As delegate to political conventions, member of the state democratic committee, he has been unusually honored. The "Gazette" has a large circulation, copies of it going to Hong Kong, Calcutta and Europe. The
year 1875 saw the birth of the "Berrien County News" at Alapaha, the "Brunswick Advertiser." the "Carnesville Register," "Hartwell Sun," "Irvvinton Southerner and Appeal" and '"Jefferson Forest News."
The "Rome Tribune," the "Marion County Argus," the "Dublin Gazette," the "Ellijay Courier" and "Butler Herald."' "Crawfordville Democrat," now under charge of a bright Atlanta youth, Mr. Ed Young; "De Kalb News" at Decatur, "Franklin News." "Henry County Weekly," by Brown & McDonald, "Walton Countv Vidette'' at Monroe. "Coffee County Gazette," "Swainsboro Herald," all had birth in 1876. The "Crawfordville Democrat" was established by W. D. Sullivan, then sold to M. Z. Andrews, who disposed of the paper to Ed Young
& Co. Mr. Young has doubled the size and circulation of the paper in a month, and its editorial management shows the first order of ability. The "Tribune" was founded by that powerful writer, Col. B. F. Sawyer, and is now run by an efficient
editor, W. A. Knowles. The "Argus," published by W. W. Singleton, at Buena Vista, is a conservative and well-conducted journal, having a large scope of ternton.-. The "Dublin Gazette" was the enterprise of John M. Stubbs. It had a number of editors, A. T. Alien, J. M. G. Medlock, Ira T. Stanley, J. H. Etheridge,
and now it is managed ably by David Ware, Jr. The "Du Pont Okefeenokean," "Walker County Messenger," at La Fayette, "Quitman Free Press" and "Griffin Sun" belong to the year 1877. Mr. W. R. Hanleiter edited the "Sun" vigorously
and recently sold it to Randall & Randall.
In 1878: the "Dade County Gazette," the "Conyers Weekly," and the "Dalton Argus," "Black-shear News," "Cartersville Free Press," by C. H. C. Willingham,
that sturdiest of our political editorial fighters; the "Cedartown Advertiser," the "Dublin Post." and "Louisville Courier" came forth in healthy usefulness. The Rev. J. A. Darr put out the "Gazette," Dr. T. J. Lumpkin bought it in 1879
and runs it now. Its motto well exemplifies its management: "Faithful to the
right and fearless against the wrong." Mr. J. N. Hale established the "Conyers Weekly.'' and it is a paragon of good administration, run strictly on a cash basis,

LITERATURE AND JOURNALISM. 77
by J. B. and J. H. Reese. The "Argus" was the bantling of H. A. Wrench, at Dalton, and was a spicy, outspoken, combative, keen-cutting striker. It is now run by A. H. Shaver and is still a piquant paper.
In 1879 several most excellent journals were established, one of them in its scholarly, forceful and vivid editorials equaling any journal, north or south. This paper, the "Sparta Ishmaelite," edited by Sidney Lewis, is marked by a command ing ability, thorough fearlessness, and an incisive discrimination in its editorial conduct. Mr. Lewis is certainly a strong and gifted writer and one of the orna ments of Georgia journalism. The "Fort Gaines Tribune" was the enterprise of S. E. Lewis, and has deservedly grown into large circulation. The "Douglassville Star" was founded by Rev. J. B. C. Quillian, and sold the same year to its present proprietor, Robert A. Massey, who has made it one of the live papers of Western Georgia. The other papers born in 1879 were tne "Arlington Advance," "Cochran Enterprise," "Americus Recorder," "Bellton Georgian," in Hall county, "Dawsonville Mountain Chronicle," "Fort Gaines Tribune," "Fort Valley Advertiser," "Harlem Columbian," "McVille South Georgian," "Newnan Leader," "Sylvania Telephone," "Thomaston Middle Georgia Times," "Thomasville Post," and "Warrenton Our Country." The year 1880 was right prolific in new journals, the "Walkinsville Advance," "Spring Place Times," "Danielsville Yeoman," "Cleve land Advertiser," "Canton Advance," "Camilla Despatch" and "Elberton News."
"The Leader" is a newspaper in Cuthbert, but it holds its own with all of them. It was established about seven years ago by Joseph W. Stanford and was a success from the first It has a splendid circulation in Randolph and adjoining counties. Mr. Stanford is a hard worker and was formerly editor of the "Cuthbert Enterprise," which was afterward consolidated with "The Leader." The "Jesup Sentinel" is one of the liveliest papers in the "wire grass" section, where it enjoys a splendid circulation. Everybody knows Ben Miliken, the editor of the "Senti nel." He is one of the cleverest men on the Georgia press--clever with his pen and clever personally. He has brought the "Sentinel" out in a wonderful manner, and keeps fully abreast with the times. It has done much good work for Jesup, advertising its interests far and wide. It is the paper of the people, and the people appreciate and sustain it. M. T. B. Fuller is editor of the "Abbeville Times," one of the bright weekly newspapers of southwest Georgia He is a young man who has made his way in the world and has risen to local fame and prominence by brains and energy. Mr. Fuller is also business manager of the "Baptist Watch man." The "Buchanan Messenger" is the official organ of Haralson county and enjoys a good circulation It is a well-edited and very neatly-printed weekly news paper. Its editor is Mr. A. Edgar Nix, but his young wife has been a potent fac tor in the establishment and progress of the paper. The "Smithville News" is published at Smithville and circulates in Lee and adjoining counties. Mr. Albert Clarke is its young editor, who seems determined to be at the helm of only a good paper. Mr. H. D. Smith is the energetic and enterprising editor of the "Adel News." The "-News" has always been a success. It gets the news and gives it in brief and breezy form, and has become very popular with its readers. Editor Smith is a good hand at turning a paragraph and understands just how to get up a good weekly newspaper. The "Stewart County Hopper" is edited by John Barton Gilbert, a veteran in the business. He grinds to powder all that comes to his "Hopper," and by its deft agency columns dwindle to brief, bright paragraphs. Mr. Gilbert's journalistic experience dates back to the forties. He was, in 1863, war correspondent of the "Columbus Enquirer"--now the "Enquirer-Sun"-- and a good one. The "Tallapoosa Dispatch" is one of the big enterprises of that thriving, progressive town. It is now published daily and weekly. Both papers

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receive a splendid patronage. Mr. H. J. Shields is editor of the "Dispatch," and he welds a bright pen. He is devoting all his energies to the upbuilding of the to\vn and county, and his efforts are heartily appreciated by the people. Col. H. A. Wrench, formerly editor of the "Dalton Argus," is now editor of the "Bruns wick Times." For years he has been a leading spirit in the progress and enter prise of the to\vn and county and has done much to bring the interests of his section before the country. "The Times" ranks with the solid "old reliables" of the weekly press. Its editor keeps pace with the times, and its columns are always bright and interesting. Walter Scott Coleman, editor of the "Cedartown Standard."' is one of the rising young men of the state. He has been successful
in everything he has undertaken, but the crowning success of his life is the "Cedartown Standard." Mr. Coleman has built up in Cedartown this splendid weekly news paper, which is probably one of the best equipped in the state, and has done more to advertise the interests of Polk county than all other agencies combined. Joseph S. Walls, editor of the "Jonesboro News," is another "shining light" in weekly journalism. Readers of Clayton county's bright paper will agree that he has greatly improved his paper in every department Especially is this so in the county news service, which is always full and interesting. "The News" has a large circulation, not only in what might be termed its legitimate field, but is well patronized by Atlanta advertisers, who know a good thing when it comes along. Col. W. T. Christopher is an editor who has done much for southwest Georgia through his paper, "The Montezuma Record," which has been a great factor in the upbuilding of the town and county. "The Record" is a fearless, out-spoken newspaper, and is well patronized by the people. It shows up well with the best weeklies in the state, and has a high exchange value, while its editor is known and appreciated throughout the state. J. C. Johnson ranks with the young editors of the weekly press and all who read his paper will admit that he is a bright one. "The Enterprise" is firmly established in the good will of the people. It is pub lished at Watkinsville, and is the official paper of Oconee county. Mr. Johnson is also clerk of the superior court--a responsible position, and is popular wherever he is known. For a young man of twenty-four years he is pretty well up on the ladder of success. The "Fort Valley Leader" is the successful result of the estab lishment of two weekly newspapers--"The Leader" and "The Enterprise." Fort Valley is a flourishing town, and it needs a first-class journal to illustrate its growth and prosperity. This it has in "The Leader," under its present able man agement. Mr. T. V. Fagan, the proprietor, assisted by Mr. Austin in the editorial department, is doing splendid work for Fort Valley, and the people appreciate his efforts. Trox Bankston and "The Ringgold New South." They go together quite naturally, and both have a state-wide reputation. Under his enterprising management ''The New South" has prospered and is spreading out wonderfully. It has mam- bright and interesting features, and so popular has it made its young editor that nothing is too good for him in Ringgold The "Henry County Weekly"
is one of the best known of Georgia weekly newspapers, and ranks well with the best of the state exchanges. Mr. J. A. Fouche, who assumed control a few years ago, has infused new life into the paper, which is newsy, ably edited and on a solid basis of prosperity. Its columns show a careful editing, and are read by a
large number of subscribers in and out of the county. "The Weekly" is an "insti tution" on which the people of McDonough and Henry county may well con gratulate themselves. The "Greensboro Herald-Journal" is one of the old established Georgia weeklies, being now in its twenty-seventh volume. From time to time it has employed some of the best editorial talent of the state, and has always been a strong and influential newspaper. Its editor, Mr. Charles Dobbs, is

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79

a young man of energy and ability, and he is keeping the paper up to its former high standard. The "Herald-Journal" is perhaps the best patronized weekly in the state, both as to advertising and circulation, and it fully merits the handsome sup port the people are giving it. The "Cherokee Advance" is a weekly newspaper of considerable prominence in the state. It has been established for thirteen years and is now under the editorial management of Benj. F. Perry. It excels as a newspaper--covering three counties through the work of its correspondents. "The Advance" naturally has a large circulation on that account. No item of news escapes its vigilant editor, who is so popular that he has frequently been mentioned for the state senate. In "The Middle Georgia Argus," published at Jackson, the people of Butts county have a good weekly newspaper, which they have complimented with a splendid patronage. Mr. David J. Thaxton, the editor, is well known as a versatile writer and a man of affairs, whose talent and energy has made "The Argus" what it is. In addition to his editorial work Mr. Thaxton writes excellent sketches and poems that touch a popular chord. His work in this direction has been highly praised and widely copied by the press. There is, perhaps, no editor in the Georgia weekly press who enjoys greater popularity than the preacher-editor, J. L. Underwood, who for many years has presided over the destinies of the "Camilla Clarion," Mitchell county's progressive newspaper. Editor Underwood has been president of the Georgia Weekly Press association and a prominent man of affairs at all times. His energy knows no limits. He can preach a sermon in the morning, edit the paper at noon and address an agricul tural society at night He preaches, farms, edits, and orates on short notice. He is a man admired and respected by the people. The "Conyers Solid South" ranks with the "old reliable" Georgia weeklies; but recently it has taken a new lease of life and has made great progress. Mr. John Maddox is the editor. He is a young man who wields a bright and vigorous pen, and is saying some sharp things in his editorial columns. There is not an editor in the state who enjoys greater popularity than J. W. Hanlon of "The Quitman Sun," and a more versa tile writer does not exist in the weekly sanctum. The first recollection of Editor Hanlon is connected with a Georgia hand press; he was literally raised in Georgia journalism, which is better for having known his pen. As the editor of the "Alapaha Star," he gave to Berrien county a splendid paper; in Albany he has done brilliant work and in Quitman his "Sun" shines brightly over the fertile fields of Brooks county. As Bob Wick his humorous works have received wide recognition. Hanlon can give more spice and variety to a country weekly than the man who invented the hand press with all its interesting and intricate attach ments. The "Elberton Star'' is a representative Georgia weekly, edited by Mr.
Ira C. Vanduzer, who has made it a popular and influential paper. It has made rapid progress the past three years, and has an excellent county news service. It is edited with great ability and typographically is a "beauty." Mr. Frank E. Callaway, editor of the "La Grange Reporter," is perhaps the youngest editor in the
state. He has chosen journalism as his profession, having early developed the true journalistic instinct, and it is easy to predict a bright future for him--judged by the work he has already accomplished. He was one of the brightest boys at the state university, where he has acquitted himself with high honors. He has contributed some notable acticles to "The Reporter," and under his editorial man agement it will take first honor with the weekly press. Mr. J. W. Chapman of "The Washington Gazette" is one of the veteran editors of Georgia, having been in the newspaper business twenty-five years. He was formerly one of the editors of the "La Grange Reporter," but for seventeen years has edited "The Gazette" and has been closely identified with the best interests of Washington and Wilkes

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MEMOIRS OF GKORGIA.

counties. "The Gazette" is a solid, reliable newspaper, and has done great work for the town and county, and it is constantly adding to its usefulness as a factor in the growth and prosperity of its section. "The Middle Georgia Progress," pub
lished at Sandersville, in Washington county, is not one of the oldest papers in the state, but it is fair to state it is one of the best Mr. C. B. Chapman, the editorin-chief, is a gentleman whose energy and ability have brought the paper up to
its present standing. He is a writer of considerable force, and his pen turns many bright paragraphs. Mr. John H. Hodges is editor and proprietor of the "Houston Home Journal," published at Perry. It is one of the leading weeklies of the state, and has a large circulation, both in and out of the county. Mr. Hodges is promi nent in county affairs and as an editor ranks high with the fraternity and his paper is a valued exchange. The "Rockdale Banner," published at Conyers, is edited by
Mr. T. D. O'Kelly, and enjoys a liberal patronage. "The Banner" circulates
extensively in Rockdale county and also has a flattering outside support. It is an eight-page paper, with bright editorial and local columns. Its editor is what the
press calls a "hustler," and makes the paper go with a rush, and he manages a pen that can say a sermon in a sentence. The "Lithania New Era," bright, newsy and eight pages, is one of the best paying enterprises in De Kalb county. Its
editor, Mr. E. S. Steadman, is a popular member of the Georgia Weekly Press association. "The New Era" has long been identified with the interests of De Kalb county, and enjoys a large circulation. A. B. Fitts is editor of the "Carrollton Daily Times," and is distinguished among his fellow-editors for his courage in establishing a daily paper in a town the size of Carrollton. His venture, however,
was a success from the first, and is making fame and money for its editor. In addition to the daily he gets out a weekly, which was established in 1872. It
has a purely moral tone, and steadily strives to elevate public sentiment Carroll
ton is the terminus of the Savannah, Griffin & North Alabama railroad, and the county is large and its prospects bright. Mr. Perry Lee is the editor and proprie tor of the "Pike County Journal," published at Zebulon. Mr. Lee is a young man who has made his mark in weekly journalism, and at one time accomplished the difficult feat of running two papers at one time. At present all his energies are devoted to the advancement of the "Pike County Journal," and the paper shows that his efforts are appreciated by the people. "The Journal" is well edited and
gets up a fine display of local news each week. Southwest Georgia has many firstclass weekly newspapers, but the "Dawson News" takes a leading position among them. It is a handsome appearing eight-page paper. Mr. E. L. Rainey, the editor, was formerly connected with the "Dawson Journal," but since "The News"
passed into his hands he has given the citizens of Dawson and Terrell county the very best paper they ever had. No Georgie weekly is more favorably known in the state than "The Hawkinsville Dispatch," of which Mr. J. R. Beverly is editor. "The Dispatch" is published by Beverly & Co. In its various departments it is complete as a weekly newspaper: its editorials are strong and timely, and its local columns cover the news of four counties. Mr. John T. Waterman, an accomplished journalist, and Speaker Crisp's private secretary, was recently a member of the firm, and his death in 1895 leaves a void in Georgia journalism. Perhaps there is not an older weekly newspaper in the state than the "Milledge-
ville Union-Recorder." It was a flourishing, popular newspaper long before the war, and it is identified with the most interesting periods in the history of the state. Mr. R. B. Moore is at present its young and talented editor, and under his able
management it still sustains the reputation of the past "The Union-Recorder" is eight pages, and is one of the most solid and reliable weeklies. It is widely quoted and has a large circulation. "The Madisonian" is another representative

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8l

Georgia newspaper, and is edited by Mr. C. M. Furlow, a young man who pushes a bright pencil. This paper has long been identified with the interests of Madison and Morgan counties. It is an eight-page newspaper, with many interesting features. It covers a wide field of news and has a good circulation. In "The Richland Gazette," Stewart county boasts another bright weekly newspaper, which holds its own with the best of them. "The Gazette" is young in years, but wide in circulation and is making fame and money for its editor, Mr. A. J. Tison. Mr. Tison was formerly editor of the "Smithville Enterprise," and has bee:i identified with Georgia journalism for a number of years. He is a progressive man with a love for his profession. The "Ellijay Courier," edited by Mr. Horace M. Ellington, is a sparkling Georgia weekly. In the belief that variety is the spice of weekly journalism, Mr. Ellington gives his readers much of it--from the first to the last column. Writing of him, one of his friends says: "He is young, poetic, progressive." This gives the key to the. "Courier's"' success. It is very popular with all classes of readers. There is always a poem for the love-sickswain; a furrow for the farmer; a sermon for the preacher; an announcement for the politician; and so the paper goes, and goes rapidly. It is the official paper of Fannin, Gilmer and Pickeas counties. It has been a faithful advocate of our public school system.
HENRY WOODFIN GRADY.
The most conspicuous figure in Georgia journalism during recent years was Henry Woodfin Grady. Born in Athens, Ga., in 1851, his boyhood was passed in that quiet college town where he enjoyed the best educational advantages. He was placed under the best teachers of that generation in his native state, and his progress was very rapid. To casual observers the boy seemed to devote very little time to his books, but his preceptors found that he mastered his tasks and was always perfect in his recitations. He read and made a book his own in the time required by an ordinary boy to get through the first chapter. His memory was phenomenal. Facts, figures and quotations once lodged in his mind remained there ready for use when needed, and his mem ory never failed him. As a boy the youngster was as original as he was brilliant, and the older citizens of Athens predicted a great future for him. The civil war broke out when he was barely ten years old, and his father raised the first Geor gia regiment and went to the front as its colonel. He died on the battlefield, leaving a widow and three children, Henry, William and a daughter, Mattie, all of whom are now dead, with the exception of the mother. In his youthful days it was young Henry's desire to enter the legal profession, and at a very early age he matriculated in the state university at Athens. He was an industrious student in his peculiar way, taking a full course, and applying himself closely to such studies as suited the bent of his genius, and paying little attention to others which he thought might not be useful to him in after life. For history, the classics, Anglo-Saxon and belles-lettres he had a passion which lasted all through his life. Mathematics did not attract him, and yet in his mature years he was regarded as an authority in statistics and political economy. He cared very little for chem istry and natural philosophy, but he liked logic, and rhetoric delighted him. He stood very high in all his classes, and at an early age was a fluent speaker, with a wonderful command of good English. Even in his boyhood he was noted for the ease with which he placed on paper his ideas in terse and graphic lan guage. In the literary societies of the university he was a conspicuous figure, and his bold and ringing style of speaking made him the favorite orator of his clay. In the literary and debating clubs he was always first, carrying off the
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highest honors. While yet. a college boy in his teens he wrote his first effort for a newspaper, a letter to the "Atlanta* Constitution." The editor saw it was a bright and dashing epistle, full of promise, and he at once determined to keep an eye on the writer. He frequently printed letters from his boyish corre spondent, and in later years was delighted to see how splendidly he had fulfilled the promise of his youth. Of the boy's college days, Judge Emory Speer says: "His college life was a miracle of sweetness and goodness; never did a glass of wine moisten his lips. Never did an oath or an obscene word defile that tongue whose honeyed accents in time to come were to persuade the millions of the fidelity and patriotism of the people he loved. Well do I remember the look of amazement, of indulgent but all intrepid forbearance which came into his face when one day a college bully offered to insult him. In those days of innum erable college flirtations he had but one sweetheart, and she the beautiful girl who became his wife, and is now the mother of his children, and his bereaved and disconsolate widow. This sweetness of disposition ran through his whole life. If the great journal of which he became an editor was engaged in an acri monious controversy some other writer was detailed to conduct it. Grady had no taste for controversy of any acrid sort, and I recall but perhaps one exception in his whole editorial life. But while he would never quarrel, I had the best right to know, when the emergency came he had the intrepidity of a hero."
He graduated with distinction in a class of brainy young men. A post-grad uate course at the Virginia university followed, and there, as in Athens, Grady leaped to the front and was regarded as a genius. After finishing his education he for some unknown reason gave up his idea of becoming a lawyer, and in 1870 he was the editor and one of the proprietors of the "Rome Daily Commercial." It was his first newspaper venture, and he acquitted himself in such a way as to make him widely known and popular in Georgia. Later he purchased an interest in the "Atlanta Herald," a rival of "The Constitution," and for several years his energy and genius made it one of the most notable papers in the south. After the fiercest possible struggle the "Herald" went down shortly after the
great panic of 1873, an<i ^'r- Grady became the "New York Herald's" southern correspondent. In this capacity he was fearless and enterprising, and his letters first informed the American public of the true nature of the great problems which disturbed South Carolina and other southern states during the latter part of the reconstruction period. He was in Florida during the campaign of 1876, and gave an inside view of the work of the returning board. After the Hamburg riots in South Carolina he visited the scene and wrote a ten-column report for "The Herald." In 1880 Mr. Grady purchased a fourth interest in "The Atlanta Con stitution," which at that, time had on its staff such able men as Capt. E. P. Howell, editor-in-chief; Mr. W. A. Hemphill, business manager, and Joel Chandler Harris. The new partner in the business was made managing editor, and he at once threw his whole heart and energy into the paper. In a short time "The Constitution" was the most widely read and quoted southern daily, and its weekly edition had an immense circulation. He wrote editorials, sketches, and local articles, regarded as models of their kind and set the journalistic fashions in the south. As a specimen of one of his off-hand editorials, the following on the death of Gen. Robert Toombs is worthy of note:
"Quenched is the imperious life, stilled is the mighty heart; gone, the dauntless spirit; at rest, the turbulent emotions; pulseless, the splendid form.
"If God ever made the body of mortal man to shine with the hope and inspira tion of immortality, surely here it was. In the splendor of his "beauty, in the might iness of his strength, in the vitality that sparkled in his eyes and rushed through his

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83

veins, in the ease with which he conquered and the heights to which he soared, and the scope and freedom and boundless comprehension of his powers there was little suggestion of decay. Dazzled by his kingly beauty and majesty one might have said, 'Surely he wifl conquer death.'
"But the course of nature is unchangeable. Even the eagle's wings grow weary and are folded, and the strong man totters to the welcome grave. The glory fades from the cheek and the light dies in the eye. The majesty departs from the pallid brow, and the rich blood falters in the veins. The tongue that summoned forty millions of people to war babbles unmeaningly in its hollow cavern. The fingers that easily split this continent in two beat the air pitifully for support and guidance. The mighty spirit that bent senators to its will and that forged earth's bloodiest rev olution, sicklied o'er at last with uplifting shadows, creeps aimlessly within the walls of memory, and weeps or laughs alike within itself.
"Then God, in his wise and infinite mercy, comes and ends it all! His gentle hands clasp the wandering fingers. His kiss touches the maundering lips. There is peace at last Georgia's glorious sun sleeps. The unforgiven rebel awaits, in unbroken stillness, the final judgment of God. And death, touching the tranquil face with its unspeakable solemnity, revives therein something of the majesty and beauty of youth, that his people, gazing through the mist of tears, may see him last as they loved him best, when he stood among them in his kinglv splendor."
Col. Isaac W. Avery, one of his associates on the "Atlanta Herald's" staff, wrote of him: "He was a composite character. He had genius of a high and varied order, and combined qualities remarkable because seemingly inconsistent For instance, with a fervent nature, boundless energy when interested, intense self-will and a warm temperament, he had a conservatism as steady and thoughtful as ever I have known. With a glittering imagination, he was self-poised, tactful and just Passion never governed him in large matters, and no man ever subor dinated prejudice and temper to the success of his cause with firmer will than he. He was able to meet the most trying occasion with consummate control and judg ment He was a cool user of all needed discretion, and his forbearance and selfcommand were marvelous. The restraints he put upon his impetuous nature were wonderful. The deliberate effort with which he worked results was extraordinary."
A year before the Christmas day on which he was buried the holiday was marked by exceptionally delightful weather. Here is Mr. Grady's description of it: "No man or woman now living will see again such a Christmas day as the one which closed yesterday, when the dying sun piled the western skies with gold and purple. A winter day it was, shot to the core with sunshine. It was enchanting to walk abroad in its prodigal beauty, to breathe its elixir, to reach out the hands and plunge them open-fingered through its pulsing waves of warmth and freshness. It was June and November welded and fused into a perfect glory that held the sunshine and snow beneath tender and splendid skies. To have winnowed such a day from the teeming winter was to have found an odorous peach on the bough whipped in the storms of winter. One caught the musk of yellow grain, the flavor of ripening nuts, the fragrance of strawberries, the exquisite odor of violets, the aroma of all seasons in the wonderful day. The hum of bees underrode the whistling wings of wild geese flying southward. The fire slept in drowsing grates, while the people, marveling, out doors, watched the soft winds woo the roses and the lilies. Truly, it was a day of days. Amid its riotous luxury surely life was worth living, to hold up the head and breathe it in, as thirsting men drink water; to put every sense on its gracious excellence; to throw the hands wide apart, and hug whole armfuls of the day close to the heart, till the heart itself is enraptured and illumined. God's benediction came down with the day, slow dropping from the

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skies. God's smile was its light, and all through and through its supernal beauty and stillness, unspoken but appealing to every heart and sanctifying every soul, was his invocation and promise--'Peace on earth, good will to men.7 "
As a political manager Mr. Grady had no superior, and during every great campaign in Georgia he was the controlling spirit, and in even- instance his side won the victor}-, with the exception of Atlanta's second prohibition election. In that contest there was a great deal of feeling, families were divided, and the proprietors and writers of the "Constitution" were about evenly divided. Mr. Grady led the prohibition forces, and in one of his speeches before an immense audience he said among other things: "Xow to sum up. See what prohibition has done for Atlanta. Your population has been largely increased, 4,070 street tax payers have been added to the records, and the registration has increased 2,140 votes: 6/8 new home-owners in prohibition's two years; only 153 in liquor's two years; distress warrants and garnishments decreased; 2,595 fewer cases in the justice courts; fewer criminal cases; $1,325,000 added to your banking capital and surplus; Si,000.000 more deposits in your banks than two years ago; five savings banks now, where then there was one: fifteen building and loan associations against six; Si,000,000 put in manufactures in the count}-; wages higher and every factory and shop crowded; $300,000 put into new churches and schools; the poor of the churches diminished, and the membership nearly doubled; your schools fuller and your children better clothed more stores here than when there were 130 bar-rooms, and fewer stores vacant than ever in your history; your houses crowded with families paying rent better than ever before, your merchants and manufacturers busy and prosperous, your principal streets a sight to be seen on a fair day--last Sunday without an arrest in all this broad city--why, my friends, it almost seems that God had held this old town in the hollow of His almighty hand and smiled on it while He rested here the ark of His covenant on this grand issue. Who shall challenge this great and prosperous city in its prosperous career? Why should you bring bar-rooms back into this city, and put it once more under the dominion of the liquor traffic?
"My friends, hesitate before you vote liquor back into Atlanta, now that it is shut out. Don't trust it. It is powerful, aggressive and universal in its attacks. To-night it enters an humble home to strike the roses from a woman's cheek, and to-morrow it challenges this republic in the halls of congress. To-day it strikes a crust from the lips of a starving child, and to-morrow levies tribute from the government itself. There is no cottage in this city humble enough to escape it-- no palace strong enough to .shut it out. It defies the law when it cannot coerce suffrage. It is flexible to cajole, but merciless in victory. It is the mortal enemy of peace and order. The deipoiler of men, the terror of women, the cloud that
shadows the face of children, the demon that has dug more graves and sent more souls unshrived to judgment than all the pestilences that has wasted life since God sent the plagues of Egypt, and all the wars that have been fought since Joshua stood beyond Jericho. Oh, my countrymen, loving God and humanity, do not bring this grand old city again under the dominion of that power. It can profit
no man by its return. It can uplift no industry, revive no interest, remedy no wrong. You know that it cannot. It comes to destroy, and it shall profit mainly by the ruin of your sons or mine. It comes to mislead human souls and to crush human hearts under its rumbling wheels. It comes to bring gray-haired mothers down in shame and sorrow to their graves. It comes to turn the wife's love into despair, and her pride into shame. It comes to still the laughter on the lips of little children. It comes to stifle all the music of the home, and fill it with silence and Desolation. It conies to ruin your body and mind, to wreck vour home, and-

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it knows that it must measure its prosperity by the swiftness and certainty with which it wreaks this work. Now will you vote it back? * * *
"Now, for a last word, my friends. I never spoke to you from deeper conviction
than I speak to-night. I beg of you in the interest of peace and fairness to give this experiment a full trial. Note what it has done in a year of imperfect trial.
Give it two years more that it may demonstrate what it can do. Then if it fails it will fall, if it is good it will stand. If you are in doubt what you should do give
us the benefit of the doubt. Give the doubt to the churches of this city that stand
unbroken in this cause. Give the doubt to the 20,000 prayers that ascend nightly for the cause from the women and children of Atlanta--prayers uttered so silently
that you cannot catch their whispered utterance, but so sincerely that they speed
their soft entreaty through the singing hosts of heaven into the heart of the
living God. If you are in doubt as to what your duty is, turn this once to your old mother whose gray hairs shall plead with you as nothing else should--
remember how she has loved you all her life and how her heart yearns for you now. Take her old hand in yours, look into her eyes fearlessly as you did when
you were a barefoot boy, and say, 'I have run my politics all my life, and to-day I am going to give one vote to you. How shall I cast it?' Watch the tears start from her shining eyes, feel the lump rising in her throat, and tell me if that is not
better than 'personal liberty.' If you are in doubt, ask your wife: ask her who
years ago put her little hand in yours, and adoring and trusting, left the old home-nest and went out with you into the unknown world; remember how she has stood by you when all else forsook; how she has lived only in your life, and
carried your sorrows on her own, and ask her how you shall vote. "I do not believe that women should counsel men in politics, but this question
is deeper than politics. Your wife need not tell you how to vote on the tariff, or on candidates, or on any political issue, but this is her election as well as yours.
On this jeopardy is staked the home you builded together, the happiness you have had together, and the welfare of the little children in whose veins your blood
and hers run commingled. Her stake and theirs on this election is greater than yours. Then ask her, if you have any doubt, how you should vote on that day.
"Now a word to the good women here. . You can do great work quietly and gently in your homes for this cause and for the good of your city. You can do this
work in the home circle, where no man can say you nay. Mothers, go to your son on election morning, call him back to the time when he learned God's name at your knees, and wake when he would in the night, he would find your soft eyes above him and your loving hands about him, and say: 'My son, find your way this morning in memory to those days when nothing stood between us, and when
these old hands sheltered you and protected you: "Wives, go to your husbands that morning. Not in pique or criticism, but
with a love and tenderness that shall break through their pride or indifference: lay your husband's hand lovingly on the heads of the little ones, the pride of his
life and yours--oh, you who went down into the very jaws of death that you might give them to him!--and say, 'My husband, whatever you do to-day, do it
for these little ones and for me.' "Now, my friends, I have done. What I have spoken to you to-night I have
spoken in sober earnestness and truth. If what I have said has impressed you, I beg of you to let the impression deepen rather than pass away, for I know and you know this issue goes deeper than words can go. It involves hundreds of homes redeemed from want and desolation, it involves thousands of hearts now
rejoicing that late were breaking: it involves the happiness of women and children, and the most sacred charges vouchsafed to our care: it involves the fate of this

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tremendous experiment that Atlanta must settle for the American people. Against it there is nothing but the whim of personal liberty. Your city has prospered under prohibition as it has never prospered before. If you are a merchant or a manufacturer, your books will tell you this. You know that you have prospered this year in your happiness; ask your neighbor of his business. Look abroad about you on these bustling streets, and on these busy stores; on these shops and factories in which the fires scarcely ever die, and in which the workmen are never idle, and then vote in the light of reason and of conscience, and however you vote, may God bless you, and the city you love so well."
During the last year of his life Mr. Grady delivered addresses before the New England society in New York, various organizations in Boston, the university of Virginia and other bodies, which gave him a national reputation. In his famous New England banquet speech in New York he said among other things:
"Pardon me one word, Mr. President, spoken for the sole purpose of getting' into the volumes that go out annually, freighted with the rich eloquence of your speakers--The fact that the Cavalier, as well as the Puritan, was on the continent in its early days, and that he was 'up and able to be about' I have read your books carefully, and I find no mention of that fact, which seems to me an important one for preserving a sort of historical equilibrium, if for nothing else.
"Let me remind you that the Virginian Cavalier first challenged France on this continent, that Cavalier John Smith gave New England his very name, and was so pleased with the job that he has been handing his own name around ever since, and that while Miles Standish \vas cutting off men's ears for courting a girl with out her parents' consent, and forbidding men to kiss their wives on Sunday, the Cavalier was courting everything in sight, and that the Almighty had vouchsafed great increase to the Cavalier colonies, the huts in the wilderness being as full as the nests in the woods. But having incorporated the Cavalier as a fact in your charming little book, I shall let him work out his own salvation, as he has always done with engaging gallantry, and we will hold no controversy as to his merits. Why should we? Neither Puritan nor Cavalier long survived as such. The virtues and traditions of both happily still live for the inspiration of their sons and the saving of the old fashion. Both Puritan and Cavalier were lost in the storm of the first revolution, and the American citizen, supplanting both, and stronger than either, took possession of the republic, bought by their common love and fashioned to wisdom, and charged himself with teaching men govern ment and establishing the voice of the people as the voice of God.
"My friend, Dr. Talmage, has told you that the typical American has yet to come. Let me tell you that he has already come. Great types, like valuable plants, are slow to flower and fruit But from the union of these colonists, Puri tans and Cavaliers, from the straightening of their purposes and the crossing of their blood, slowly perfecting through a century, came he who stands as the first typical American, the first who comprehended within himself all the strength and gentleness, all the majesty and grace of this republic--Abraham Lincoln. He was the sum of Puritan and Cavalier; for in his ardent nature were fused the virtues of both, and in the depths of his great soul the faults of both were lost. He was greater than Puritan, greater than Cavalier, in that he was American, and that in his homely form were first gathered the vast and thrilling forces of his ideal government, charging it with such tremendous meaning, and so elevating it above human suffering that martyrdom, though infamously aimed, came as a fitting crown to a life consecrated from the cradle to human liberty. Let us, each cherishing the traditions and honoring his fathers, build with reverent hands to the type of his simple but sublime life, in which all types are honored; and in

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our common glory as Americans there will be plenty and some to spare for your forefathers and for mine.
"In speaking to the toast with which you have honored me, I accept the term, 'The New South,' as in no sense disparaging to the old. Dear to me, sir, is the home of my childhood, and the traditions of my people. I would not, if I could, dim the glory they won in peace and war, or by word or deed take off from the splendor and grace of their civilization, never equaled, and perhaps never to be equaled in its chivalric strength and grace. There is a new south, not through
protest against the old, but because of new conditions, new adjustments, and, if you please, new ideas and aspirations. It is to this that I address myself.
"Dr. Talmage has drawn for you with a master hand the picture of your return ing armies. He has told you how, in the pomp and circumstance of war, they came back to you, marching with proud and victorious tread, reading their glory in a nation's eye! Will you bear with me while I tell you of another army that sought its home at the close of the late war? An army that marched home in defeat and not in victory--in pathos and not in splendor, but in glory that equaled yours, and to hearts as loving as ever welcomed heroes home. Let me
picture to you the footsore Confederate soldier, as, buttoning up in his faded gray jacket the parole which was to bear testimony to his children of his fidelity and faith, he turned his face southward from Appomattox in April, 1865. Think of him as ragged, half-starved, heavy-hearted, enfeebled by want and wounds;
having fought to exhaustion, he surrenders his gun, wrings the hands of his Confederates in silence, and, lifting his tear-stained and pallid face for the last time to the graves that dot the old Virginia hills, pulls his gray cap over his
brow and begins the slow and painful journey. What does he find? Let me ask you who went to your homes eager to find, in the welcome you had justly earned, full payment for four years' sacrifice, what does he find when, having
followed the battle-stained cross against overwhelming odds, dreading death not half so much as surrender, he reaches the home he left so prosperous and beautiful? He finds his house in ruins, his farm devastated, his slaves free, his stock killed, his barn emptied, his trade destroyed, his money worthless; his social system,
feudal in its magnificence, swept away. His people are without law or legal status; his comrades slain, and the burdens of others are heavy on his shoulders. Crushed by defeat, his very traditions gone, without money, credit, employment, material training; and besides all this, confronted with the gravest problem that ever met human intelligence--the establishing of a status for the vast body of
his liberated slaves. "What does he do--this hero in gray with a heart of gold? Does he sit down
in sullenness and despair? Not for a day. Surely God, who had stripped him of his prosperity, inspired him in his adversity. As ruin was never before so
overwhelming, never was restoration swifter. The soldier stepped from the trenches into the furrow. Horses that had charged Federal guns marched before the plow, and fields that ran red with human blood in April, were green with
the harvest June; women reared in luxury cut up their dresses and made breeches for their husbands, and, with a patience and heroism that fit women always as a garment, gave their hands to work. There was little bitterness in all this. Cheerfulness and frankness prevailed. 'Bill Arp' struck the keynote when he
said: 'Well, I killed as many of them as they did of me, and now I am going to work.' Or the soldier returning home after defeat, and roasting some corn on the roadside, who made the remark to his comrades: 'You may leave the south if you want to, but I am going to Sandersville, kiss my wife and raise a crop, and if the Yankees fool with me any more I will whip 'em again.' I want to

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say to Gen. Sherman--who is considered an able man in our parts, though some people think he is kind of careless about fire--that from the ashes he left us in 1864 we have raised a brave and beautiful city; that somehow or other we have caught the sunshine in the bricks and mortar of our homes, and have builded therein not one ignoble prejudice or memory. *****
"'But what of the negro? Have we solved the problem he presents, or pro gressed in honor and equity toward the solution? Let the record speak to the point. Xo section shows a more prosperous laboring population than the negroes of the south. None in fuller sympathy with the employing and land-owning class. He shares our school fund, has the fullest protection of our laws, and the friend ship of our people. Self-interest, as well as honor, demand that they should have
this. Our future, our very existence, depends upon our working out this problem in full and exact justice. We understand that when Lincoln signed the emanci
pation proclamation your victory was assured: for he then committeed you to the cause of human liberty, against which the arms of man cannot prevail; while those of our statesman who trusted to make slavery the corner-stone of the Confederacy, doomed us to defeat as far as they could, committing us to a cause that reason could not defend or the sword maintain in the sight of advancing civilization. Had Mr. Toombs said--he did not say--that he would call the roll of his slaves at the foot of Bunker Hill, he would have been foolish, for he might have known that whenever slavery became entangled in war it must perish, and that the chattel in human flesh ended forever in New England when your fathers--not to be blamed for parting with what did not pay--sold their slaves to our fathers, not to be praised for knowing a paying thing when they saw it.
"The relations of the southern people with the negro are close and cordial. We remember with what fidelity for four years he guarded our defenseless women jind children, whose husbands and fathers were fighting against his freedom. To
Iiis credit be it said that whenever he struck a blow for his own liberty he fought
in open battle, and when at last he raised his black and humble hands that the shackles might be struck off. those hands were innocent of wrong against his helpless charges, and worthy to be taken in loving grasp by every man who honors loyalty and devotion. Ruffians have maltreated him. rascals .have misled him. philanthropists established a bank for him, but the south with the north protests against injustice to this simple and sincere people. To liberty and enfranchisement is as far as the law can carry the negro. The rest must be left to conscience and common sense. It should be left to those among whom his lot is cast, with v/hom he is indissolubly connected and whose prosperity de
pends upon their possessing his intelligent sympathy and confidence. Faith has Jeen kept with him in spite of calumnious assertions to the contrary by those who assume to speak for us. or by frank opponents. Faith will be kept with him in future if the south holds her reason and integrity.
"But have we kept with you? In the fullest sense, yes. When Lee surrendered, I don't say when Tohnston surrendered, because I understand he still alludes to the time when he met Gen. Sherman last as the time when he 'determined to abandon any further prosecution of the straggle'--when Lee surrendered, I say, and Jolmston quit, the south became, and has been loyal to the Union. We fought hard enough to know that we were whipped, and in perfect frankness accepted as final the arbitrament of the sword to which we had appealed. The south found her jewel in the toad's head of defeat, the shackles that had held her in narrow limita tions fell forever when the shackles of the negro slave were broken.
"Under the old regime the negroes were slaves to the south", the south was a slave to the system. The old plantation, with its simple police regulation, and its

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feudal habit, was the only type possible under slavery. Thus was gathered in the hands of a splendid and chivalric oligarchy the substance that should have been diffused among the people, as the rich blood under certain artificial conditions is gathered at the heart, filling that with affluent rupture, but leaving the body chill and colorless. The old south rested everything on slavery and agriculture, uncon scious that these could neither give nor maintain healthy growth. The new south presents a perfect democracy, the oligarchs leading in the popular movement--a social system compact and closely knitted, less splendid on the surface but stronger at the core; a hundred farms for every plantation, fifty homes for even,- palace, and a diversified industry that meets the complex needs of this complex age.
"The new south is enamored of her new work. Her soul is stirred with the breath of a new life. The light of a grander day is falling fair on her face. She is thrilling with the consciousness of a growing power and prosperity. As she stands upright, full statured and equal among the people of the earth, breathing the keen air and looking out upon the expanding horizon, she understands that her emancipation came because in the inscrutable wisdom of God her honest purpose was crossed and her brave armies were beaten. This is said in no spirit of time serving or apology. The south has nothing for which to apologize. She believes
that the late struggle between the states was war and not rebellion, revolution and not conspiracy, and that her convictions were as honest as yours. I should be unjust to the dauntless spirit of the south and to rny own convictions if I did not make this plain in this presence. The south has nothing to take back. In my native town of Athens is a monument that crowns its central hills--a plain, white shaft. Deep cut into its shining side is a name dear to me above the names of men, that of a brave and simple man who died in brave and simple faith. Xot for all the glories of Xew England--from Plymouth Rock all the way--would 1 exchange the heritage he left me in his soldier's death. To the feet of that shaft I shall send my children's children to reverence him who ennobled their name with his heroic blood. Rut, sir, speaking from the shadow of that memory, which I honor as I do nothing else on earth, I say that the cause in which he suffered and for which he gave his life was adjudged by higher and fuller wisdom than his or mine, and I am glad that the omniscient God held the balance of battle in his almighty hand, and that human slavery was swept forever from American soil--the
American Union saved from the wreck of war. "This message, Mr. President, comes to you from consecrated ground. Every
foot of the soil about the city in which I live is as sacred as a battle-ground of the republic. Even- hill that infests it is hallowed to you by the blood of your brothers who died for your victory, and doubly hallowed to us by the blood of those who died hopeless, but undaunted, in defeat--sacred soil to all of us, rich with memories that make us purer and stronger and better. Silent but stanch witnesses in its red desolation of the matchless valor of American hearts, and the deathless glory of American arms--speaking an eloquent witness in its white peace and prosperity to the indissoluble union of American states, and the imperishable
brotherhood of the American people. "Now, what answer has New England to this message? Will she permit the
prejudice of war to remain in the hearts of the conquerers when it has died in the hearts of the conquered? Will she transmit this prejudice to the next generation, that in their hearts, which never felt the generous ardor of conflict, it may perpetrate itself? Will she withhold, save in strained courtesy, the hand which, straight from his soldier's heart, Grant offered to Lee at Appomattox. Will she make division of a restored and happy people which gathered above the clouds of your dying captain, filling his heart with grace, touching his lips with praise and glorifying his

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path to the grave; will she make this vision on which the last sigh of his expiring
soul breathes a benediction, a cheat and delusion? If she does, the south, never abject in asking for comradeship, must accept with dignity its refusal; but if she does--if she accepts with frankness and sincerity this message of good-will and
fellowship, then will the prophecy of Webster, delivered in this very society, forty years ago, amid tremendous applause, be verified in its fullest and final sense, when he said: 'Standing hand to hand and clasping hands, we should remain united as we have been for sixty years, citizens of the same countrj', members of the same government, united, all united now and united forever.' There have been difficul ties, contentions and controversies, but I tell you that in my judgment:

" 'Those opposed eyes, Which like the meteors of a troubled heaven, All of one nature, of one substance bred, Did lately meet in th' Intestine shock, Shall now in mutual well-beseeming ranks March all one way.' "

In December, 1889, Mr. Grady contracted a severe cold while speaking in the open air on his visit to Plymouth Rock, and shortly after returning to Atlanta he died on the morning of Dec. 23. There was general mourning throughout the country upon the announcement of his death, and his funeral on Christmas Day was attended by the largest concourse ever seen in Atlanta. Many notable tributes were paid him by distinguished orators, poets and journalists.
In the center of Atlanta stands the Grady statue--a handsome bronze memorial which is visited even- year by thousands of tourists from every quarter of the Union. But the great journalist and orator does not need a monument to keep his memory fragrant. His name is still a household word in Georgia, and it is synonymous with genius, patriotism, charity, public spirit and enterprise. There has been only one Henry Grady in this generation.

J

PREFACE TO MEDICAL HISTORY.
As is common with writers I preface these chapters with an apology. Under the circumstances I feel that I am entitled to charity from critics. If they knew the difficulty of obtaining the data necessary for such work they would not be censorious. Much of the data from which these chapters were written were obtained from pamphlets, newspapers and personal recollections of my profes sional brethren. I have done the best I could under the circumstances. I have as carefully as possible verified the correctness of the statements made in these chapters, and am satisfied that they may be relied upon. Let it be remembered that these chapters are not intended to be either a consecutive or full history of medical matters in Georgia. Such a history cannot be written for the reason that the necessary data have not been preserved. I have written as best I could upon what appeared to me to be the most interesting and important questions relative to the medical profession of our commonwealth, and express the hope that I have succeeded in discharging the task to the satisfaction of my professional brethren. With these explanations I submit my work to the generous, noblehearted physicians of Georgia.
EUGENE FOSTER.

CHAPTER V.
BY EUGENE FOSTER, M. D., AUGUSTA.
THE MEDICAL, PROFESSION OP GEORGIA--TOPOGRAPHY--CLIMATOLOGYENDEMIC AND EPIDEMIC DISEASES--HISTORY OP YELLOW FEVER IN GEORGIA--PUBLIC HEALTH LAWS--SANITATION--THE STATE BOARD OP HEALTH--LAWS GOVERNING PRACTICE OP MEDICINE--REGULAR MEDICAL COLLEGES--MEDICAL ASSOCIATION OP GEORGIA--MEDICAL JOURNALSINSANITY--STATE LUNATIC ASYLUM.
TOPOGRAPHY.
F ROM the Commonwealth of Georgia, by J. T. Henderson, Esq., commis sioner of agriculture of Georgia, 1885,1 extract the following facts: "Georgia is naturally divided into a number of zones, extending across the state in direction approximately parallel with the coast line, differing more or less in geology, topography, climate and production. The state presents great variety in her topography. From an extensive area of nearly level surface in South Georgia the country graduates towards the north through undulating, rolling and hilly lands to a mountainous region of; diversified character in North Georgia, rising at the same time from sea level fc an altitude of 5,ooo'feet. The state is divided by bold defines into three divisions: lower, middle and upper Georgia, each having, along with much diversity in itself, some prominent characteristics in common throughout its extent. The first of these natural divisions, belonging to the south, that of southern or lower Georgia, extends from Florida and the Atlantic coast to a line crossing the state from- Augusta to Columbus, and passing at the heads of navigation, near Milledgeville and Macon. This is an approximately level, sandy region, covering more than half of the state, and embracing all the cretaceous and tertiary formations. This section graduates from sea level to about 500 feet Beginning with the low marsh lands on the coast, the country rises by terraces, first to the height of twelve or fifteen feet above tide, and next, thirty or forty miles inland, to a height of seventy-five or one hundred feet. Beyond this the surface varies from nearly level to undulating, and becoming hilly in the upper, or northern part. Middle Georgia is a broad, hilly region, having few elevations that are designated as mountains, and these, with few exceptions, are such as would hardly receive the distinctive name of ridge in the more northern portions of the state. Lands too steep for the plow are of rare occurrence over the larger part of this area. Pine mountain, in Harris, and Graves mountain, in Lincoln, are elevations of a few hundred feet above the surrounding country, that form conspicuous features in the landscape. Stone mountain stands 600 feet above the surrounding country, and covers, at its base, an area of about one square mile. This is a mass of denuded granite, destitute of vegetation, except here and there a bush or scrubbv tree that finds foothold in the crevices of the rocks. The

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summit affords a view reaching beyond the limits of the state. The Chattachoochee ridge is a prominent feature, forming a long water divide, reaching nearly across the state, from Habersham to Troup county. Atlanta is situated on the crest of this ridge. One conspicuous feature of the larger portion of middle and north Georgia is the existence of fragmentary stones, usually of quartz rocks, scattered over the surface of the lands. Upper Georgia embraces a section with striking peculiarities of surface and great variety of soil. Northeast Georgia varies from l,ooo to 5,000 feet above sea level. Northwest Georgia, generally distinguished
as the Limestone region, ranges from 600 or 700 to 2,500 feet, and has an extent of 3,360 square miles, covering the larger part of ten counties. Some of the features of these divisions of the state, particularly the topography, pass by almost imperceptible graduations into each other, but nevertheless become well marked distinctive characteristics of the geological divisions to which they pertain. About 3,000 square miles, near the Atlantic coast, has an altitude of 100 feet or less above the tide; 29,000, or about half of the state, ranges from 100 to 500 feet; 20,000 square miles, from 500 to 1,000 feet; and about 6,000 square miles is above
the altitude of 1,000 feet. A large part of the last area consists of steep ridges and mountains, some of which, in the Blue ridge, reach an altitude of about 5,000 feet above sea level. The mountainous parts of the state lie in one degree of altitude north of the thirty-fourth parallel. The Appalachian chain enters the state with several parallel lines of elevations. The highest of these, the Blue ridge, has an altitude of from 3,000 to nearly 5,000 feet. The Cohutta range, continuous with the Unaka of Tennessee, 3,000 feet in altitude, with an abrupt escarpment toward the valley of the Oostanaula, on the west, lies about twenty miles west of the Blue ridge. Next in order, on the northwest, comes the Lookout and Sand mountain table lands belonging to the Allegheny system. Between
the principal ranges of mountains here enumerated are the numerous minor elevations or ridges observing a general parallelism. These decrease in height toward the southwest, and ultimately die out, the most easterly ranges disap
pearing first, and the others in succession. The Blue ridge, as an unbroken chain, extends only about one-third the distance across the state, terminating abruptly. The Cohutta range continues into Alabama in a low elevation, known as Dugdown mountain; while the Table Land mountains, with their associate ridges, extend
with decreasing altitudes many miles into Alabama.

MOUNTAIN ELEVATIONS.
The following are the elevations above the average sea level of some of the prominent mountains and other points of interest in the state, determined by the United States coast and geodetic survey: Sitting Bull (middle summit of Nantahela) in Towns county, 5,046; Mona (east summit of Nantahela) in Towns, 5,039; Enota, Towns, 4,797; Rabun Bald,Rabun,4,718; Blood, Union, 4468; Tray, Habersham, 4,403; Cohutta, Fannin, 4,155; Dome, Towns, 4,042; Grassy, Pickens, 3,290; Tallulah (northwest summit), Habersham, 3,172; Tallulah (southeast sum mit), Habersham, 2,849: Yona. White, 3,167; Walker, Lumpkin, 2,614; Lookout (at High point), Walker. 2,391; Pine Log, Bartow, 2,340; Lookout (at Round mountain), Walker, 2,331; Pigeon (at High point), Walker, 2,329; Skit, 2,075; Sawnee, Forsyth, 1,968; Kennesaw. Cobb, 1,809; Stone mountain, De Kalb, 1,686; Sweat, 1,693; Lavender, Floyd, 1,680; Cleveland Church, White, 1,616; Taylor's ridge, Chattooga, 1.556; Dahlonega Agricultural college, 1,518; Mt. Alto, Floyd. 1,505; Clarkesville court house. Habersham, 1,478; Games moun tain, Polk, 1,296; Atlanta, Capital (flag staff), 1,163.

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As would be expected, from the above data, the climate of Georgia is a varied
one. Inasmuch as there is a fall of one degree in temperature for each 300 feet of elevation, this would give a variation of sixteen degrees in the state, and the difference of four and one-half degrees of latitude causes a variation of nine degrees. From the two causes--elevation and latitude--there arises a variation of twenty-five degrees. The records of the agricultural dpartment show the
annual mean for the state to be 65.1 degrees, the summer mean about 79.7 degrees, and the winter mean, about 50.1 degrees. In northern Georgia the summer mean about 75.3 degrees, the winter mean 42.8 degrees. In middle Georgia the annual mean is 63.5, summer 79.2, winter 47.2. In south Georgia
the annual mean is 67.7, summer 81.3, winter 53.6 degrees.

TEMPERATURE AND RAINFALL. 1878 TO 1883. Compiled by the Agricultural Department of Georgia.

TEMPERATURE.

I

i '& K a aSo rt 5,

-1 if - o
\ t l i<s 5 SO

> o> *0

<o U

wS
O

Z

i

63.5 65.1 50.2

68.1 661 689

79.2 Spring.................... .................. 63.8 ;

63.0 680 65.7 68.3

79-7 ! 66.0

75-3 59-9

64.1

8T.I
69-3

81.4 66s

81.4 70-3

Winter.............................. .... .... 50.1 i 42.8 47-2 54.0 51-3 SS-6

Summer average above winter.. ............ . . 29.6 , 32-5 32.0 27.1 30.1 25.8

RAINFALL.

:# Average Annual.. .................. .

........ j 49-3 60? 49-7 47-3 414 47-8

Spring............................. ........' 12.4 ! 5-5

'2-5 10.3 10 O

Summer.... ................. . ........ 1 13.4 13.6

M-5 12.3 14.2

Autumn. ..................

........ | 1 1.0 l l7 0.0 9-7 9.6 14.1

Winter.. ...............

......... 12.4 18.4 I4-S 10.6 9.2 9-5

Average elevation above sea feet .

........ ! i ,600 1,700 750 400 125 IOO

This table^of the agricultural department shows that the average summer temperature of Georgia is only 15 degrees above the average annual temperature, and our average winter temperature is but 15 degrees below the annual. It further shows that the average of spring is below that of our annual temperature. Our average fall temperature is a little above the annual. This table also shows that the average annual temperature of southeast Georgia was 9.7 degrees above that of North Georgia, the difference in the summer temperature of the two sections 6.1 degrees, and the difference in the winter temperature 12.8 degrees. Commissioner Henderson also tells us that comparing single localities, the highest annual average is at Blackshear--70.3 degrees--the lowest at Rabun Gap --56.3--a difference of 14 degrees. Blackshear is in latitude 31 degrees 15 minutes and 127 feet above the sea level. Rabun Gap is in latitude 34 degrees 55 minutes and 2,168 feet above the sea level. Thompson (McDuffie county), 531 feet above sea level, shows an average annual temperature within half a degree of the average annual of the stale. Macon i degree above, and Augusta i.i degree below the average of the state.
TEMPERATURE AND RAINFALL IN CITIES.
The summer temperature of Athens is 79.7 degrees, identical with the state average, 79.7; Thompson, 2 degrees below the state average, and Augusta, I

MEDICAL. HISTORY.

95

degree above the average summer temperature of the state. Comparing the average winter temperature of Swainsboro, Emanuel Co., Thompson, Macon and
Augusta, with that of the entire state of Georgia, it was found that Swainsboro was 3 degrees above, Macon 2 above, Thompson i degree below, and Augusta
1.2 degrees below the average temperature of the state. The following tables from the agricultural department, 1885, show the differ
ence in temperature and rainfall in various sections of the state:

Mean Temperature.

Total Rainfall. '

Seasons.

Stations.

bi>

Summer.

Autumn.

Winter.

Annual. .8 Summer. Inches. Autumn. Inches. Winter. Inches. Annual. Inches. 2c 3<=

wQ,

0c1.

Series From and To.

North Georgia.

19.74i64.23 Ellerslie ......... 56.7 73.1 57-2 39.1 56.5 17.28 13-33

38 1198..4027 6534..0907 Leo (White Co.)...

61.2 59-2

76.7 76.7

6t.j 60.6

45-4 43-8

61.2 13.39

9.87

60. i 15.55 14-77 13.26

2104..26487417..7213 Rome............

55-1 61.9

71.7 78.0

57-5 62.9

41.0 44.8

56.3,18.02 15-44 18.01 01.9 13.10 10.18 9-27

May '71 to May '83 April '84 to July '84 April '78 to July '84 Jan. '78 to July '84 April '78 to July '84

18.4460.22 Average ....... 58.8 75-3 59-9 42.8 59-2li5-47 13.57' 12.74

Middle Georgia.

",'y |* Athens...... .....
Atlanta ..........

62.6 61.4

79.7' 63.8 77.5 61.7

45-9 45-2

63.0 14-52 12.94 61.4 13.16 1 0.80

9.60 lS.21 55-27 April '78 to 9.26 15-74 48.99 Feb'y '76 to

uly '84 uly '84

61.9 63.6 65.8

78.2 62.6 80.2 64.7 80.7. 66.8

45-3 47-9 5'-3

62.015.09 12.54 64-1,13.50 12.76 66.ri3.i2 12.72

9.81 15-86 53-30 April 7.88 14-79 48-93 April 7.18 II-74 44.76 April

'78 to '78 to : uly '84 '78 to . une '82

Oxford........... 62.4 78.5 63.6 46.1 62.6 14.33 14.02 9-38 13.7I 51-44 April '78 to " uly '84

64.3 79.5 65.9 49.1 64.7 12.28 12.16 9-74 11.36 45-54 April :S to 1 uly '84

63.0 79.2 64.1 47-2 63-5 I3-71 12.56 8.oSJ 1 4-49 49-74

Southwest Georgia.

Cuthbert.........

C8-3 f7.3 68.4

81.3 81.7 80.3

69.5 0&8

53-9 5543.-19

68.2 13-04 15.96 8.53 9.58 April '78 to July '84 68.1 13-15 12.87 io-44 12.07 4&53 Mar. '79 to Oct. '83 67.9 11.36 14.61 10.17 10.09 46.23 April '78 to June'84

Average ....... 68.0 81.1 69-3 54.0 68.1 12.52 14-49 9.72 10.58 47-3

East Georgia.

62.9 79-8 64.6 48.9 64.0 u .60 11-73 9.80 9.92 43-05 April '78 to July '81

Ogeechee ........ 66.9 81.5 66.1 54-7 67-3 IO.2O 13-76 9.58 8.08 41.62 April '78 to Sept. '81

67-3 82.8 67.5 50.4 ~6676.A0 9OO 11.46 9-36 9-53 39-35 May '78 to Feb'y '81

6S.7 81.4 66.1 51-3

10.27 12.32 9.58 9.18 41-35

m* Southeast Georgia.

68.8 82.2

57-2 70.3 1 1.6; 11.07 16.21 12.15 51.08 April '78 to Dec. '81

Walthoursville...

68.4 67.7

81.5 80.4

6&I

55-5 54-1

68.7 67.6

9.89 16.57 13.28! 8.14 47-88 April '78 to July '84 8.52 15.07 I2.82 1 8.10 44-51 April '78 to July '84

Average ....... 68.3 81.4 70.3 55-6 68.9 10.02 14.24 14.11 9.46 47-83

Average for State.. . 64.8 70-7 66.0 50.1 6;.i 12.38 13-44 II.02 '12.43 49.28

WINTER TEMPERATURE AT NOTED HEALTH RESORTS.
To illustrate one important factor in the climate of Georgia, i. e., temperature, I cite the following comparisons of winter temperature at renowned health resorts, foreign and American, giving the mean temperature of the following localities for the months of November, December, January, February and March, for a period of three to four years. This chart is to be found in a book entitled Cli matology of Florida, by C. J. Kemvorthy, M. D., Jacksonville, Fla.:

g6

MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

Mean for

1881.

Year. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. 5 mo.

Cannes, Mediterranean... 3 54.6 48.8 48.5 494 S&S 50.8

Xice, Mediterranean...... 3 53.8 48.5 47.0 484 51.8 49.9

Mentone, Mediterranean.. 3 55.2 50.5 48.8 50.4 53.4 51.6

Xervi, Mediterranean..... 3 55.2 47.8 46.2 47.8 49.0 49.2

Xassau, X. P............. I 75.7 72.3 72.2 71.9 74-4 73-3

Atlantic City, X. J........ 4 45.3 35.3 32.2 33.2 37.1 36.5

Augusta, Xorthern Ga.... 4 54.9 47.6 48.1 49.6 57.0 514

Breckenridge, Minn...... 5 17.3 134 6.8 13.1 18.9 13.9

Duluth, Minn............ 4 28.3 21.6 124 19.2 25.7 21.5

St. Paul, Minn............ 5 28.3 20.0 13.0 194 27.6 21.7

Key West, Fla........... 5 74.5 ?O-5 ?O-5 7*-7 73-9 72-2

Punta Rassa, Fla........ 5 69.7 64.8 65.5 65.9 69.8 67.1

Jacksonville. Fla......... 4 62.1 55.8 56.2 65.9 62.7 58.7

Aiken, S. C.............. 5 54.7 46.7 464 47.5 564 50.3

Los Angeles. Cal......... i 62.1 55.3 54.1 54.6 55.8 56.3

ATMOSPHERIC HUMIDITTi.
The following table is from Dr. Kemvorthy's pamphlet on the climatology of Florida, prepared by him to show the climatic advantages of that state. I insert it here because of the favorable showing which it makes for Georgia:
Mean for Xov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. 5 mo. Cannes and Mentone. ......... 71.8 74.2 72.0 70.7 73.3 72.4 Augusta, Ga................ 71.8 72.6 73.0 64.7 62.8 68.9 Breckenridge. Minn........... 76.9 83.2 76.8 81.8 79.5 79.6 Duluth. Minn................. 74.0 72.1 72.7 73.3 71.0 72.6 St. Paul, Minn................ 70.3 73.5 75.2 70.7 67.1 714 Jacksonville. Fla............... 71.9 69.3 70.2 68.5 63.9 68.8 Key West. Fla................ 77.1 78.7 78.9 77.2 72.2 76.8 Punta Rassa. Fla.............. 72.7 73.2 74.2 73.7 69.9 72.7

It will be observed that Augusta is the point in Georgia selected for this com parison. The mean relative humidity of Thomasville, Ga., during the period of the year included in the above table was only 63.11. An examination of Dr. Kemvorthy's tabular statement shows that Augusta, during the winter and spring seasons. ha a mean relative humidity for the season less than any health resort in the tabk- except Jacksonville. Fla.. which has one-tenth of a degree less than Augusta. Augusta's mean relative humidity is 2.5 degrees less than Cannes and Mentone. 10.7 less than Breckenridge, Minn., 3.7 less than Duluth, Minn., 2.5 less than St. Paul. Minn.. 7.9 less than Key West. Fla., and 2.8 degrees less than Punta Rassa. Fla. Xow compare with these the humidity of Thomasville, which is dryer than Augusta, and we find as follows: For the same period of the year the mean relative humidity of Thomasville was 8.4 degrees less than Cannes and Mentone. 15.6 less than Breckenridge. 8.6 less than Duluth. 74 less than St. Paul, 4.8 less than Jacksonville. 12.8 less than Key West, and 8.7 degrees less than Punta Rassa.
The mean relative humidity of Atlanta for the fi"e months has been, for thir teen years. 1871 to 1883 inclusive, 65.5. Therefore Atlanta's humidity was 6.9 degrees less than Cannes and Mentone. 14.1 less than Breckenridge, 7.1 less than Duluth. 5.9 less than St. Paul. 3.3 less than Jacksonville. 11.3 less than Key West, and 7.2 degrees less than Punta Rassa. Reports show that the mean relative

MEDICAL, HISTORY.

97

humidity of Savannah was 70 degrees, for a period of thirteen years, 1871 to 1883 inclusive, for the five months, November, December, January, February and March. So that Savannah has a less mean relative humidity for the period under consideration than any of the noted health resorts quoted by Dr. Kenworthy out side of Georgia except Jacksonville, Fla., which is 1.4 degrees less than Savannah. I have attempted to obtain data as to temperature and relative humidity of Macon, Columbus, Rome, Gainesville, Marietta and other cities and towns in Georgia, but there are no signal service officers in this state except those in Augusta, Atlanta and Savannah.
.^

ADVANTAGES IN PULMONARY DISEASES.

The data presented in this chapter conclusively demonstrate that with the exception of the mountainous regions of Georgia the prominent and characteristic features of our climate are dryness, mildness and uniformity. We are not subject to a prolonged low temperature and great and sudden atmospheric changes so charactertistic of the winter climate of the northern and western states, where not infrequently the thermometer reaches from 10 to 40 degrees below zero. Occa sionally a "cold snap" reaches us, but it lasts only a few days, and even at our coldest period it is far less than in the north. Zero is very rarely reached in Georgia. Snow is extremely rare in Georgia, and except in the mountainous regions it ceases to fall in a few hours, and rapidly melts before the warm sun shine. Climate has been properly designated, "one of the chief resources of restor. ative medicine." Sunshine as a therapeutic agent is not duly appreciated. In the winter season particularly sunshine is of great service to the pulmonary invalid, and those predisposed to various other constitutional maladies. In the extremely variable and extremely cold climate of the north and northwest, individuals affected with pulmonary diseases, or predisposed to these affections, are compelled to run the risk of exposing themselves to great and sudden atmospheric changes, or remain indoors, and thus subject themselves to the deadly influence of vitiated atmosphere and want of exercise, while in a dry, mild, equable climate, like ours, they could live in fresh air and sunshine, take daily moderate exercise by riding, driving, strolling, hunting, fishing, etc. While some few climatologists believe otherwise the overwhelming majority of the ablest clinicians and climatologists contend that a temperate, dry, sunny climate is essential to the best treatment of pulmonary affections, and statistics show that this class of diseases is vastly more rare in such climate than in a cold, damp, variable one.
Dr. J. H. Bennett in his Treatise on Pulmonary Consumption, says: "Accord ing to the Register General's Reports of the British Isles, and the mortality regis ter all over the world, the healthiest winters are those that have the highest tem peratures. The years of greatest mortality are those in which extremes of cold in the winter are reached. In temperate climates the deadliest seasons are those of greatest cold. Extreme heat and extreme cold not only interfere with the equili brium of functional activity, throwing a strain on some of the vital functions of animal life to their serious risk and danger, but necessitates modes of existence detrimental to the healthy performance of these functions. Thus in very cold climates such as St. Moritz, in the Engandine, and St. Paul in Minnesota, United States, which have been recommended of late for phthisis in winter as well as sum mer, invalids have to live in winter for by far the greater part of the twenty-four hours in bady-ventilatcd rooms. When they go out they have to undergo the transition to a temperature 30 or 40, or even more, degrees less than that in which they live during the greater part of the twenty-four hours. Such confine-
11--7

98

MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

ment, such transitions, even much less marked ones, constantly give rise in all northern countries in winter, to inflammatory affections of the mucous mem branes of the air passages, to pneumonia and pleurisy, and that in the healthiest members of the community. If it be so with the healthy, how can we expect those to resist such influences who are already diseased, who have morbid deposits, inflammatory, catarrhal, scrofulous, tubercular in their lungs, softened or not? How can those who have already local pneumonias, local pleurisies, expect to withstand their pernicious influences? Moreover, they do not live in the pure air they ascend to reach, but in an atmosphere vitiated by stove heating, by their
own respiration, and by that of their companions."

CLIMATOLOGICAL, DISTRIBUTION OF PULMONARY DISEASES.
Xo fact is better established in medicine than that pulmonary diseases arc vastly more prevalent in cold, changeable climates than in temperate, equable ones. This fact is proven by every book of mortuary statistics in America. Blodgett. in his magnificent work on Climatology of the United States, gives the follow ing table, showing the climatological distribution of pulmonary diseases in America:

"&5

"^3

<

i-

East--
Maine ..................... Xew Hampshire............. Vermont ................... Massachusetts .............. Connecticut .................. Rhode Island................

1,702 924 751
3,426 968
470

West-

Michigan .................. Wisconsin .................. Ohio ...................... Indiana .................... Illinois ..................... Kentucky .................. Iowa ...................... Missouri ...................

657 290 2,558 1,070 866 879 159 654

Xorth--
Xew York.................. Xew Jersey................. Pennsylvania ............... Delaware ...................

7,890 915
3,520 118

2244 21.84 24.09 27.65 16.76 10.92
14.55 9.99 8.83 842 7.36 740 7.78 5.27
17.04 14.15 12.33 9.76

o-S,
OQ flQ
2,074 1,092
884 4418 1,290
572
1,084
535 3,988 1,824
1.799 1,493
376 1,344
10,846 1,176 4,821
185

27-35 222582...872174 22.31 25-52
2148.4030
13.77 14-35 15-30
12.57 8-39 10.93
2342 18.19 16.88 15-30

MEDICAL HISTORY.

South-

|S

Maryland .................. Washington, D. C. .......... Virginia ................... Xorth Carolina. ............. South Carolina. .............. Georgia .................... Florida .................... Alabama ................... Mississippi ................. Louisiana .................. Texas ......................

j,ioi 510
1,616 562 269 279 43 362 332 641 112

|8
11.44 12.42 848 5.53 3.34 2.80 4.61 3.98 3.81 5.54 3.66

|*S
1.679 902
3,540 1,688 l334 1,334
108 1,163 1,067 1,169
377

|
*7-34 12.97 18.56 16.60 16.69 13-44 11.60 IO-79 I2-23 IO-3 12.33

An examination of this table shows the ratio of deaths from consumption to total mortality was less in Georgia than in any state in the Union. This table also shows that there is a progressive decrease in pulmonary consumption from Maine to Georgia.
Dr. Huntington Richards, the writer on climatology in the Reference Hand Book of the Medical Sciences, Vol. i, page 443, says: "The following figures deducted by calculation from the statistics of the United States census for 1880, and showing the deaths -attributed to consumption which occurred in every 10,000 of population, during the census year, are herewith presented to the reader: Maine, 28.18; Vermont, 2446; Massachusetts, 29.20; Rhode Island,. 24.98; New York, 25.29; New Hampshire, 24.95; New Jersey, 23.25; Connecticut. 22.67; Pennsylvania, 18.85; Georgia, 11.14.

GEORGIA'S MILD CLIMATE.
Dr. T. S. Hopkins, a distinguished physician of Thomasville, Ga., says: "Hav ing for many years in my travels through this section of the country noticed the almost entire absence of consumption among the people, I addressed letters to a large number of physicians practicing in the district, asking them to report to me the number of cases of consumption coming to their knowledge during the previous years. I received replies from twenty engaged in active practice, and representing a population of 50,887. The total number of cases reported was three. I have no reason to doubt the honesty of this report. In the midst of this immense pine forest is situated the town of Thomasville, Thomas Co., Ga., .two hundred miles from the Atlantic, and sixty miles from the gulf of Mexico. Thus situated, its immunity from the baneful influence of the sea winds is secured. They can reach us only after having traveled over hundreds of miles of pine forest, by which they have been sifted of all saline vapor and moisture, and are conse quently innocuous. The town has an altitude of 365 feet above the sea. Its natural drainage is almost perfect, and art has supplied any deficiency. The soil is sandy, and the water pure freestone. There is no body of water within eighteen miles, and the nearest river is about four miles distant"

100

MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA-

Dr. Alfred Looniis, of Xew York, one of the most renowned medical practi tioners and climatologists in the world, on pages 234-5 Loomis' Practical Med icine says: "My favorite resorts in the winter, for those recovering from acute pulmonary diseases, are: Aiken, S. C., Palatka, Enterprise and Gainsville, Fla., Thomasville, Ga., and Nassau. Southern California, South Carolina and Georgia have a dry, warm atmosphere."
Dr. H. A. Johnson, of Chicago, said before the International Medical congress, 1876: "I had about fifty patients last winter in Florida and Georgia, and they canic back better: even those in whose lungs cavities existed were better than they would have been had they staid in Illinois."
Copeland's Medical Dictionary, 1855, says: "For some years past we have been in the habit of sending such pulmonary cases, as we supposed would be
benefited by a northern climate, into the interior of Florida and Georgia, in the pine region, where the dry air, and the mild, uniform temperature in connection with the aroma of the pine, seemed to exert a highly favorable influence. In our
judgment the climate of no part of the West Indies can compare, in point of salubrity in such cases, with the above mentioned."
Dr. L. A. Dugas, of Augusta, Ga., one of the highest authorities in American medicine, writing on this subject in 1865 said: "It seems to me that the best test
oi the influence of climate upon the development of tuberculosis must be found in the relative frequency of such cases among the natives of this and other sections who remain at home. Judged by this standard, it will be readily ascertained that, while phthisis pulmonalis is very common in northern states among the natives, it is quite rare among our own people. I know of but very few native families in Augusta who have ever suffered from consumption, and these have lost only one or two members by it. I doubt that there are exceeding ten families who have been thus partially affected within my recollection. Again, if we confine our observation alone to those who have emigrated from the north of the United States and from Europe, it will be found that, although many bear with them the hereditary taint, comparatively few will experience its fatal development The conclusion is, therefore, irresistibly forced upon us that this climate does exert a most beneficial influence over this class of affections."
Dr. \V. H. XVhite, formerly surgeon of the First Iowa volunteers, and for year? after the war a resident of Atlanta, said of the climate of north Georgia: "The atmosphere is invigorating, and not subject to marked, unexpected changes,
a= will be seen by the meteorological table, taken from the official records of the military post at Atlanta. It will be observed that our coldest day in 1873 was fifteen above zero, in 1874. twelve above, and in 1875, four, making our mean winter weather about forty-five above zero; the mean heat of summer about seventy-five above, which is an average of from ten to fourteen degrees less than that of the middle and western states; while our atmospheric changes at all sea sons are more gradual and less extreme. Having passed my early life in New York, practicing my profession in the northwest for fourteen years, and being stationed in and having passed over most of the south during the war, I have had opportunities of experiencing and observing the climatic effects of the several portions of the United States rarely enjoyed. My conclusion is that the climate of north Georgia, taking all seasons together, is the finest in America; and this is the opinion of all intelligent travelers I have ever met. I have found that pleurisy, pneumonia, catarrh, and all affections of the respiratory organs are
rare here, as compared with those generally met with in the north and v/est; so with epidemic and typhoid forms of fever. I have also found that persons coming from those sections suffering from any weakness of the lungs, or catarrh,

MEDICAL HISTORY.

IOI

*

or a tendency to consumption, or suffering general nervous prostration, be the cause what it may, are almost certain to be benefited--yes, get well--by coming to this region of country. As illustrative of this fact, there are hundreds of old citizens and old persons in north Georgia enjoying, and who have enjoyed, good health, who came here years ago as a last resort, and they were believed by their friends to be consumptive. I can but think that these marvelously pleasant results are owing, in part, to the vast number of mineral springs which are everywhere to be found in upper Georgia. We have long been satisfied, and we believe results warrant us in saying, this section of country is far better for invalids than that of Florida, as it is less liable to sudden changes, free from unpleasant, depressing ocean and gulf breezes, loaded, as they are, with the chloride of sodium absorbed from the salt waters and miasma of its vast swampy bottoms and marshes; and, above all, there is constant want of a bracing, strength-giving atmosphere."

SUMMERVILLE, RICHMOND COUNTY.

The village of Summerville, adjoining the western border of Augusta, is on the same "sand hills" ridge that Aiken, S. C., seventeen miles distant, is located. Its elevation above Augusta is 298 feet. Elevation above sea level is 463 feet. The healthfulness of Summerville is such that for rco years it has been called "Mount Salubrity." Dr. S. E. Habersham says of Summerville: "This plateau is, properly speaking, the true summit of the hills in this state, being the highest point attained by it, and upon its eastern terminus is situated a portion of the village, including the United States arsenal and grounds. The general slope of this plateau is to the south and east; the sandy nature of the soil, with the pine and oak growth (black jack), makes it extremely dry and well adapted for those pul monary sufferers who require a very dry climate and low dew point; while the sides of the ridge being nearer the valley are better adapted to those for whom a semi-humid atmosphere is necessary. This condition can be increased or dimin ished by approaching to or receding from the valley, which fact makes the village of Summerville more suitable as a residence for the pulmonary sufferer than any locality I am aware of, since it is well known that though the great proportion of phthisical patients require a dry climate, yet there are occasionally those who arc benefited by a comparatively humid atmosphere. This is particularly the case with asthmatic patients, who, in the great majority of cases, are benefited by residing here. As this peculiarity of constitution can only be determined by actual experiment we have, in the close proximity of these two hygometrical con ditions, an easy and convenient means of determining the fact.
Summervilie was originally designed to be simply a summer resort, by the wealthy citizens of Augusta, when that city was less healthy than it now is, but its air was found to be so healthful and bracing in winter, that they eventually made it their permanent abode, and now the population may be estimated at Sob inhabitants. It is regularly laid out in broad streets, lined with handsome elms and other shade trees, the houses being built in large enclosures, ornamented with shrubbery and flowers. It is not uncommon to sec the camelia japonica in full bloom in the months of January and February, while the different azaleas are out in the early part of April. The salubrity of the climate is unquestioned. As an evidence of its healthfulness but fourteen deaths have occurred in this place during the four years 1864 to 1867. As far as I have been able to ascertain six of the persons were over three score and ten, viz.: One aged 102 years, one 94, one 84, one 75, 72 and 70 respectively. Two from accident, one from infant croup, two from congestive fever, contracted elsewhere and neglected, one from pneu-

IO2

MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

monia, contracted elsewhere and neglected; one from congestion of the brain, one ascites, one tuberculous phthisis, developed elsewhere. During the prevalence of that fatal epidemic, the yellow fever of 1854, which infested our coast towns and even penetrated to villages which had before escaped its ravages, it finally made its appearance in the city of Augusta. Although an easterly wind prevailed for sixty days, before and during the epidemic, and consequently blowing directly to the hill across the city, there is no reason to suppose the atmosphere of Summerville was at all contaminated with the poison of this pernicious fever, as no case occurred here other than those contracted in the city, or by close confinement with those cases which were developed in the village.. The residence of Col. John Milledge, which stands upon the most prominent situation due west of Augusta, and nearer to the city than any other in the village, was crowded with refugees from Savannah and Augusta who, including their servants and the family, num bered about sixty persons, yet among these not a single case of sickness of any kind occurred.
The same exemption from causes of disease claimed for other portions of this region applies to this village, and though malarial fevers exist in the valley and close upon its borders to some extent, yet the hill proper, upon which most of the village stands, is entirely exempt from this influence, being in every respect as healthful as Aiken, Columbia and Camden, in South Carolina, and Belair, Berzelia, Bath, and other sand hill villages in this state. To the lovers of the picturesque, the views from the various prominent points of the village are beau tiful in the extreme, and so distant is the horizon as to require very little exercise of the imagination to fancy the wide expanse of the ocean spread out before the eye, while the broad valley upon which stands the city of Augusta, bounded bv undulating hills, gives a charm and variety to the landscape seldom found even in mountain scenery. This village, being connected with the beautiful and growing city of Augusta, "by a street railroad, the cars of which run at frequent and regular intervals between the two places, the time occupied being about thirty minutes, affords the residents of Summerville all the advantages of the city market, together with the quiet and beauty of a suburban residence. A good turnpike also offers inducements for pleasant drives to those who keep their equipages. To the pedes trian the fragrant pine woods in close proximity to the village not only afford protection from the winds, but also opportunities of agreeable recreation and healthful exercise. These advantages in connection with others which will readily suggest themselves, make this a most desirable residence for those who may wish to avail themselves of the remedial influences of the climate, as presented for their
consideration in the preceding pages. The meteorological register kept by the United States arsenal at Summerville
for twenty years--1849 to I&*)--daily thermometric observations at the hours of sunrise: 9 o'clock a. m.; 3 o'clock p. m., and 9 o'clock p. in. show the mean average temperature as follows: January, 46.7 degrees; February, 50.7; March, 58.8: April, 65.1; May, 72.2: June, 80.9; August, 79.7; September, 72.8; Oc tober. 63.5: November, 53.8; December, 46.3. Mean temperature of spring, 65.3: summer, 79.9; autumn, 63.4; winter, 47.9, Fahrenheit. The mean annual rainfall for the period of twenty years was 37.17 inches. Spring, 10.16 inches; summer. 14.14 inches; autumn, 6.95 inches; winter, 5.92 inches. Mean num ber fair days per year, 238: cloudy days, 70; snow about two days to every three years. Prevailing winds--Spring, northwest and southwest; summer, south and
southwest, varying to south; autumn, north, northwest and southwest; winter, south, southwest, west, northwest and north. Unfortunately the meteorological register fails to show the atmospheric humidity of Summerville. Inasmuch as

MEDICAL HISTORY.
Summervillle is located upon the same sand ridge as Aiken, I am satisfied that the humidity is practically the same if not identical in both places."
CLIMATIC TREATMENT OF PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS.
P'ashion has held high court in climatic treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis. Thirty years ago a warm, moist climate was regarded as best suited to this class of patients. Experience having demonstrated the fallacy of this opinion, the profession went to the other extreme and sent their patients to the frigid climate of Canada and Minnesota. This was found baneful and after the advent of listerism came the idea that altitude was the important factor in climatic treatment of phthisis. Investigators demonstrated that while the atmosphere of some cities contains 5.500 germs to every cubic meter, the number of germs constantly decreased with altitude until when 13,000 feet was attained no germs could be detected in the atmosphere. Then temperature, humidity, etc.. were no longer considered in estimating the suitableness of climate to pulmonary diseases, the sole question was altitude sufficient to insure freedom from disease germs. Altitude was everything in the climato-therapy of these affections. The profession accepted the theory and for years adopted it. The claim was boldly made that the dwellers on high mountains were free from pulmonary phthisis. Kutchinmeister showed that these mountaineers lost their immunity immediately that they exchanged a pastoral life for that of the workshop, as had been found to be the case in the Erz and Riesen Gebirge. Dr. German See combating the altitude theory said: "The best proof that altitude exercises only a questionable influence is that among the inhabitants of elevated regions, when crowded together in confined localities, as is the case in workshops like those at Joux and Chaux-deFond, in the Swiss Jura, at an elevation of 3,609 feet, one finds as many consumptives as in the city of Berlin." Investigation also discloses the fact that consumption was as rare at Madras, a seaport town, and in the Kirghiz steppes, which are below the sea level, as among the inhabitants of certain elevated regions. Several of the advocates of altitude in climato-therapy of pulmonary tuberculosis at the present day are among the ablest men of the profession of medicine. A greater number of the profession, however, contend that the beneficial effect of climato-therapy is dependent upon purity of atmosphere--not upon altitude. I believe with Loomis that high altitude of itself is not of the slightest importance in the climato-therapy of pulmonary phthisis; yet, if it really be an important factor, Georgia offers abundant facilities in this respect, in the mountainous regions of Towns, Kabun, Habersham, Fannin, Pickeiis. White and Lumpkin counties. If a warm, moist atmosphere be deemed serviceable in pulmonary affections it can be found in abundance in the low-lying sections of the state near the seacoast. If sea air be wanted it is to be had on the islands and in seacoast cities of Georgia. If a markedly dry, pure atmosphere be the desideratum, it exists in great abundance at Atlanta, at Thomasville, and at Summerville and Grovetown adjacent to Augusta, and in the thousands atid ten thousands of acres of land in the pine-woods region of this state. The Sand Hill region of South Carolina and Georgia extends through the central portions of the two states. It begins in Chesterfield county, S. C, running in a southwestern direction until it reaches the Savannah river at the western side of Augusta. On the Georgia side it re-appears at the "Sand Hills," known as Summerville. a suburb of Augusta, extends through Georgia, and terminates in its southwestern border. The aver age width of this tract of Sand Hill region in South Carolina and Georgia is twenty miles. The maximum elevation is at Aiken, S. C., 565 feet above the sea

104

MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

level, and at Summerville, adjoining the western border of Augusta, 463 feet above

the sea level. This sand hill region lies between the primary and tertiary regions,

distinctly separating them. The soil of this region, as implied by its name, is made

of fine, loose sand. It is known as the "pine barrens," because of the poverty of the

soil in its natural condition for agricultural purposes. The sub-soil is extremely

porous. The \vriter has repeatedly witnessed the following demonstration of

porosity of the sub-soil of Stimmerville. At the residence of Mr.

. a barrel

with both ends knocked out was sunk in the ground so that the top of the barrel

was a few inches below the surface of the ground. The excavation after receiving

the barrel was then filled with brick-bats. The gutter, three inches in diameter,

conveying the storm water from the roof of one-half of this large dwelling house,

discharges directly over this barrel filled with brick. I have seen this solid stream

of water three inches in diameter discharged into this pit for an hour or more, and

so porous is the sand beneath I have never seen it overflow. I do not know the

depth of the sand, but the fact above cited shows that it must extend many feet

beneath the surface. Another evidence of the porosity of the soil is the fact that

in this sand hill regior. water is rarely found nearer than eighty feet from the

surface, and not infrequently it is 150 feet. The porosity of the soil is such that

within a few hours after a heavy rain the ground is so free from dampness that one

who had not known that it had rained heavily would scarcely believe it. Within

a few hours after the heaviest rains in the winter season invalids can take outdoor

exercise with perfect impunity. The sand hill section, or as it is sometimes called,

"the hilly pine region oi Georgia." is covered with pine forests of long-leafed or

yellow pine (pinus Australisi and Black Jack (Ouercus Nigra), a small-sized oak.

The exact influence which pine forests exert in pulmonary affections is unknown.

By some observer; it is claimed that these trees, by generating ozone or per-oxidc

of hydrogen, add to the purity of the atmosphere. Elliott and Storer, in their

book on organic chemistry, say: "the disinfecting power of ozone produced by the

action of the atmosphere on turpentine is interesting in connection with the-

observed facts that ozone is abundant in the air of pine forests where turpentine

abounds, and that pine, forests are remarkably free from malaria." Be the ex

planation of the beneficial effects of pine forests on pulmonary affections what it

may. the fact remains that tins ch.ss of invalids are impressed from personal

experience that the terebinthinatc exhalations of pine forests is beneficial to them,

we are, therefore, justified in claiming that extensive pine forests add markedly to

the climate of a locality. Extensive wine forests not only protect a locality against

winds, but it is a fact that the atmosphere thereof is warmer than one of oak and

other trees. Weber cites, in substantiation of this proposition, the fact that he has

often known tender exotics growing in a forest of firs to remain uninjured by the

severe cold of winter when those in the more open situations in the same

neighborhood were killed. Again, humidity is markedly less in a forest of pine-

trees, whose foliage is more dense. Forests also show absence of dust, which is

so injurious to patients with pulmonary complaints.

EPIDEMICS AND ENDEMIC DISEASES.
Dengue has prevailed as a general epidemic in the more populous communi ties of the state in 1850 and 1880. While in the larger cities probably three-fourths of the inhabitants were attacked, it is doubtful if the mortality from both epidemics reached fifty. Smallpox has occasionally been imported into Georgia, and pre vailed as an epidemic in various counties, but only once. 1865-66. did it prevail as an epidemic over a large part of the state. This resulted from being scattered from

MEDICAL, HISTORY.

105

place to place by the Confederate and Federal armies. With the exception of the epidemic, 1865-66, the mortality from smallpox has been markedly light, inasmuch
as it is one of the most manageable of diseases. It is readilv jugulated by isolation of the sick, and disinfection of all the infected materials, together with vaccination of the public. Citize.is are afraid of smallpox, and readily co-operate with the
authorities in efforts to stamp it out. Measles, contrary to the public idea, is a disease attended by a large mortality. Few diseases show a larger mortality than measles. Not that the deaths per 1,000 cases are as numerous as in small pox, scarlet fever, diphtheria, etc., but because the public regard it as a non-fatal affection, and make no effort to escape it. As a consequence an epidemic of measles generally attacks an entire community, the people seeming to force their children to take it by exposing them to it, under the idea that children stand the
disease better than adults. No greater mistake has ever been made, for the mortuary statistics of every community demonstrate that but few diseases show a larger number of deaths than measles. The census of 1880 shows that it caused 496 deaths
in Georgia. The census of 1890 shows 440 deaths from measles. These figures by no means represent the actual number of deaths from the disease. If the deaths from dropsy, diarrhoea, pneumonia, etc., directly caused by measles were added to the list it would show a mortality fully double that appearing in mortuary statistics as resulting from this malady. When it is remembered that almost the entire mortality from measles is confined to the helpless, innocent children, and that it is a wholly preventable disease, the responsibility for this slaughter of the innocents rests upon parents and the state. This shameful state of affairs will continue until public instruction and sanitary administration puts a stop to it.
Scarlet fever, although frequently prevailing as an epidemic over many of the
northern and western states, has never, so far as I can ascertain, prevailed as an epi demic over this state. Occasionally the disease is imported into one or more of our populous communities and becomes epidemic, yet the total mortality is extremely light. In proof of this statement I cite the mortality record of the three principal cities in Georgia: Augusta, 1880 to 1892 inclusive, deaths from scarlet fever, 19; Atlanta, 49; Savannah, 23. The population of these three cities is largely over 1<io,ooo. Total mortality for Georgia in 1880 from scarlet fever was 31, and in 1890
was 8. Diphtheria is rarely met with as an epidemic except in the larger cities, and
never as widespread and fatal as in cities of similar population in the north and west
Atlanta, with an estimated population of 75,000 shows a freedom from epidemics of diphtheria which is truly surprising. I have compiled the following table from the annual reports of the boards of health of Augusta, Atlanta and Savannah, show ing the mortality from diphtheria for the 13 years, 1880 to 1892 inclusive.

City.

1880 '81 '82 '83 '84 '85 '86 '87 '88 '80 '90 '91 '92

Augusta .............. 9 12 9 4 5 i 3 5 11 5 2 10 10

Atlanta ............... 5 28613 5 4174 14 7

Savannah .............20 48 15 44 27 15 6 7 6 6 6 12 19

Total mortality from diphtheria for the state. I". S. census 1880. 588; census 1890,
mortality from diphtheria and croup in Georgia, 553. Typhoid fever.--According to the V. S. census of 1880 the mortality from typhoid
fever in the state was 986; census of 1890, mortality from typhoid fever, 1,000. In the latter year almost every county in the state is represented in the mortuary record from typhoid fever. The board of health reports from Augusta, Atlanta and Savan nah show the number of deaths from this fever as follows:

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MEMOIRS OP GEORGIA.

City.

1880 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92

Augusta ..............14 42 15 24 3 29 18 20 26 18 u 26 21

Atlanta ...............25 68 53 79 51 41 29 68 105 48 99 89 74

Savannah ............14 29 20 12 19 8 22 10 12 10 26 17 32

This table shows a greater ratio of typhoid fever to total mortality in Atlanta
than in any city in the state. Malarial fever in its various types is the principal endemic disease of Georgia,
as it is in almost all of the southern states, and several of the northwestern and western ones. The census of 1880 places the mortality from malarial fevers in this state at i.o6o. The mortality from this class of fevers in 1890 was. according to the U. S. census. 937. which is one death from malarial fever to every 1,960 of the pop ulation of the state. This is the ratio for the entire state. It varies markedly in the
various counties. In some of the counties in the swamp regions the mortality from malaria reached i to even- 422 of the population. In other counties, particularly
in the sand hill region and the mountains, the mortality is as low as i to every 15,186,
while in other counties not a death is reported from malarial fever in 1880. Malaria is readily exterminated by thorough surface and sub-soil drainage. This dis
ease was once as prevalent in England as it is in America, but it has been almost wholly banished by thorough drainage. It is marvelous that counties in Georgia will annually suffer malarial fever to kill from i to every 500 to 1,000 of the popula tion yet make no effort to destroy this monster. All types of malarial fever, inter mittent, remittent, congestive, and hemorrhagic are encountered in our state. The
latter, commonly called hemorrhagic malarial fever, occurs only in the most in tensely malarial regions. By some writers it is claimed that hemorrhagic malarial fever is a disease first making its appearance in the south after the war, 1865. This,
however, is a mistake. Dr. Joseph Jones, of Xew Orleans, Louisiana, in his work on fevers, published in 1887. page 578. says: "As far as my individual experience extends, on the coast of Georgia, in 1848. cases presenting all the marked char
acteristics of malarial haematuria, which proved rapidly fatal, occurred in the
months of September and October.7 It would be instructive to examine the various endemic diseases of Georgia in detail, but the limits of this paper forbids.
The following table, from the U. S. census, showing the principal diseases occur ring in Georgia in 1880. fairly represents the diseases occurring annually in our state the number of cases of each disease varying, of course, with different vears. (I have already commented on consumption and acute lung diseases.)
Smallpox. 2: measles. 496: scarlet fever, 31: diphtheria, 588; whooping cough, 650: fever, 281: cerebro spinal fever, 30: typhoid fever, 986; diarrhoea, 350; dysen tery. 543: cholera infantum. 585: malarial fever. J,o6o: erysipelas, 60; septicaemia, 14: septicaemia puerperal, 134: rheumatism, 35; consumption, i ,707; hydrocephalus,
48: dropsy. 871. Nervous system Brain, inflammation of, 248; meningitis, 138;
apoplexy. 137; paralysis. 356: tetanus and trisnnis nasuntium, 60; epilepsy, 62; con vulsion?. 350: diseases of the brain, 352. Circulatory system Diseases of the
heart. 570. Respirator}-system Croup, 721: bronchitis. 174: pneumonia, 1,685; pleurisy. 91: asthma. 47: "laryngitis. 10: others of this group. 123. Digestive sys tem Dentition. 450: angina. 57: gastritis. 41; jaundice, 49; inflammation and ab scess of liver. 5 \: other diseases of the liver. 120; peritonitis, 17; ascites, 32; others
of this group. 258. Urinary system Brights disease, 36.

HISTORY OF YELLOW FEVKR IX GEORGIA.
Saint Maryrs, Camden Co., Ga.. was invaded by yellow fever the first and the only time in 1808. The summer season was unusually rainy, causing stagnant

MK0ICAL HISTORY.

Ic>7

pools of water to be formed about the town, and the water in the wells became offensive to smell and taste. Yet the health of the population was as good as usual until Sept. 5, when the schooner "Polly" arrived from Savannah with two men sick with yellow fever. These were allowed to be landed from the schooner and conveyed to a house in the center of the town. Both patients died. Two men who nursed the cases died, one on Sept. 9, the other on Sept. 10. Next every member of the household developed yellow fever, and from this focus the disease spread over the town. The total mortality was eighty-four. The total number of cases is not known. The epidemic extended from Sept. 5 into the month of October. I cannot obtain the exact date of cessation.
The first epidemic of yellow fever in Savannah was that of 1820. The record shows that quasi epidemics occurred in 1807, 1808, 1817. 1818, and 1819, but in neither of these years did the disease reach epidemic proportions. Dr. P. M. Kollock, of Savannah, a believer in the local origin theory, in 1857 wrote the fol lowing account of the early history of the disease in Savannah: ''The yellow fever was but little known until after the war of 1812. It was not until the winter of 1816 that foreign shipping began to resort to Savannah, and the next summer the harbor was crowded, no care to time the arrivals to the healthy months, and the seamen were strangers entirely unacclimated. In the month of August the yellow fever broke out. It was confined to the seamen, and continued until the shipping departed. There were not many cases. During 1818 there were but few arrivals, and all (the shipping) had left port before summer had fairly set in, and there was but little sickness. In the year 1819 many ships arrived, bringing many strangers, totally unused to the climate and unacquainted with tlie disease to which they were exposed. Early in autumn the yellow fever commenced its ravages, and in less than a month the whole number of passengers who had been brought by one ship had fallen victims: the disease continued until cold weather and was confined entirely to strangers."
The epidemic of 1820 began in May. The mortality for each month was as follows: May, 3; June, 14; July, 39; August, in; September. 214; October, 196; November, itf; December. 3: total deaths from yellow fever from May 7 to De cember. 590. The mortality resulting from this epidemic has scarcelv ever been equaled by any epidemic of yellow fever known to medical history. Dr. William R. Waring, in his official report to the city council of Savannah, in 1820, says: "The population, therefore, of white inhabitants remaining in the city during the whole season may be fairly estimated at 3,000. which would constitute a mortality of one in five." This mortality is calculated upon the number of the white popu lation remaining in Savannah during the epidemic, and the deaths from yellow fever among the whites. While yellow fever is contracted by the negro population in equal proportion with the whites, yet the history of American medicine clearly demonstrates that yellow fever among the negro population is practically a notifatal disease.
What was the source of this epidemic? Dr. Waring in his report says: "It was said by some individuals to have been brought from the coast of Africa, in a brig called "Raminez," which had on board a cargo of new negroes. Unfor tunately, however, for this hypothesis, the "Raminez" did not onlv arrive with a healthy crew and an entire freedom from any malignant disease, but she arrived some time after the fever had grown into considerable extent and severity. I have already stated that some rapid and insidious cases occurred in June, and that fourteen deaths took place in that month. I have stated that Mr. Patrick Stanton even died of black vomit on July 16. The "Raminez" came into port on July 22.

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MEMOIRS OP GEORGIA.

It was not, and could not be an African disease. From May 23 to July 20 there came five vessels from the West Indies and one from New Orleans. I have not been able to learn of any others. On May 23 the brig "Rover," Capt. James, from Havana; on June 2 the schooner "Phantom," Havana, and on June 13 the schooner "Charles," New Orleans; on June 24 the sloop "Darien." St. Do mingo; on June 27 the schooner "Isabella," Matanzas, and on July 20 a vessel to Green & Lippit from St. Domingo. It appears from inquiry as to the state of these vessels that the crews were healthy and there was nothing in relation to them which could authorize a belief of their having either severe disease on board, or the power of propagating any disease whatever." Here we find what has been found in every epidemic of yellow fever in every seaport in Georgia, without a single exception to the present day, i. e., immediately previous to the appearance of yellow lever in Savannah vessels arrived at the wharves of that city from infected ports--in this instance from the West Indies, the habitat of yellow fever, where this disease is always in existence. Because no one was known to have yellow fever on board of these vessels from infected ports it was accepted as proof positive that these vessels and their contents were necessarily free from infection, and also free of power to infect the city of Savannah. The fallacy of this position is now admitted by every learned sanitarian in America. It has been indisputably proven by scores upon scores of instances that every member of a crew may be immune by reason of having previously had yellow fever, yet the vessel and textile fabrics may be literally full of yellow fever germs. In 1827 and 1828 there were a few cases of yellow fever among the residents of Savannah, but in neither year did the disease assume epidemic proportions. The next epidemic of yellow fever in Savannah was that of 1854. It has been stated that the disease was epidemic in Savannah in 1839. But tms 's a mistake. There
were a few cases among the inhabitants, and as the citizens feared an epidemic, many of them fled the city, but it did not assume epidemic proportions.
What was the source of these cases of yellow fever in 1839 among the residents of Savannah? Importation. From whence? Both Augusta and Charleston. Dr. R. D. Arnold, who .stoutly adhered to the local origin theory, says: "From 1830 to 18391 never saw a case of yellow fever in the city. For fifteen consecutive
summers I was the attending physician of the city hospital, whither the worst cases of our ordinary climate fevers were conveyed. In 1839 the city of Augusta was ravaged by this scourge; it was denied at the time that yellow fever pre vailed there, in the last of August a patient fresh from Augusta entered the city hospital and died in a couple of days. The diagnosis was verified by post-mortem examination. A short time afterward a patient from Charleston entered and died of yellow fever, also verified by post-mortem section. These cases were placed in
tiic wards filled with bilious fever patients. There was no propagation. Later in the season I did meet with several cases of yellow fever, but they were so few in number that I did not consider them as entitled to be considered epidemic. They were isolated, occurred in different parts of the city, and had not the slightest connection with the caies of the hospital." Here then are two separate and distinct introductions of yellow fever within a week or two from Augusta and Charleston, into Savannah, where no case had existed from 1828 to 1839--Savannah abso
lutely free of yellow fever until these cases were imported. If yellow fever origi nated in Savannah in 1839 from local causes, is it not indeed strange that the disease appeared only after introduction of cases from Augusta and Charleston?
Dr. Arnold says of the health of Savannah in 1839: "I still look back upon the year 1839 as the sickliest season I have ever experienced in Savannah, with the

MEDICAL HISTORY.

109

exception of the terrible epidemic of 1854. Old inhabitants will recollect it as the dryest summer on record, when turnips were planted in the bed of the Savannah river opposite Augusta. It was also a hot summer. Bilious fever prevailed over the whole country in a malignant form. Contrary to what would seem the fact at first view, such a season was peculiarly calculated to generate the malaria, which is the generally acknowledged cause of bilious fever. It is conceded that
mere moisture will not produce malaria, but mix vegetable matter with water, and subject it to heat, and the most malignant malaria will be generated. That year swamps and ponds which had been covered with water since they had been known to the white man were dried up and the vegetable debris which had been precipitating to their bottom for years and years were exposed to the action of the sun and air, and consequently decomposed and generated malaria. Now bilious fever prevailed with great violence in our city from early in July. I can not imagine more favorable circumstances for the spread of yellow fever than accompanied the introduction of those two cases in our city."
Why did not the disease become epidemic? If local conditions could origi nate yellow fever in Georgia, certainly here, according to the theories of the believ ers in local origin, is the one time and place when the disease must of necessity have prevailed in giant proportions as to malignancy and extent. But it did not. Let the believers in the local origin theory explain it. Here, too, is a magnificent opportunity for those who claim that "malarial poison and the effects of extra ordinary heat produce yellow fever" to explain why a frightful epidemic of yellow fever did not occur in Savannah in 1839. Here were both extreme heat and extreme malarial poison of the atmosphere of the entire city, yet no epidemic of yellow fever. To show the extensive prevalence and malignancy of malarial fevers in Savannah in 1839,1 cite the fact that during the year there were 152 deaths from fevers in a population of 7,773. Of the epidemic of 1854, Hon. John E. Ward, then mayor of Savannah, says: "After an exemption of epidemics unknown to any other city, and the enjoyment of unexampled health for almost half a cen tury, in the month of August last our citizens were startled with the announce ment that the yellow fever had made its appearance as an epidemic. The first case of yellow fever occurred on Aug. 5 in a house situated at the southwest c( rncr of Lincoln and Broughton streets. Regarded as merely a sporadic case it was not reported as yellow fever. Between that date and the middle of the month a few more cases occurred, but nothing to excite any alarm or create any apprehensi< ^n of an epidemic among us. About that date it manifested itself in an epidemic form, and swept with a fearful desolation over our city." The mortality from this epidemic was 639,--whites 626, colored 13. The first case occurred Aug. 3, the last case Nov. 27. Mayor Ward's reports says: "The disease was exhibited in its greatest violence from Aug. 20 to Sept. 20 in the northeastern part of the city; it advanced directly to the southwest, spreading north and south until its influence was felt in every part of the city."
Causation.--On this point I quote the following from Mayor Ward's report: "One of the causes assigned was the removal of the mud in the dredging of the Savannah river, and depositing the same on the eastern wharves. I respectfully submit to you two letters, one from Licut. John Newton, the engineer in charge of the work, and the other from Francis Cercopely, the superintendent of the same, which, clearly establishing the fact that the mud was not placed on the eastern wharves, or in any manner exposed to the atmosphere, destroys the theory of those who had traced the existence of the fever to that cause.
"Another cause assigned has been the condition of the rice lands in the imme diate vicinity of our city. These lands at the time of the commencement of the

IIO

MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

fever, and during its greatest violence were in good order and never healthier. Vegetation was not decaying, and there was no adequate cause for the disease to be found in them. After the banks had been broken by the storm--with vege tation decaying, the lands overflowed, and even-thing tending to increase the disease if it had originated from that source--it commenced to decrease, and before the middle of October, without frost or any other agency to which we had looked for its removal, it ceased to exist among us as an epidemic."
It was ascertained that the disease was introduced into Savannah by the Danish brig "Charlotte Hague"--three patients with yellow fever having been taken from this vessel and placed in a hospital in the city. In response to an official request of Mayor Ward. Dr. Mackall, the health officer, and Dr. \Yragg submitted the following statement: "On June 30 last I was called to visit a vessel at Tybee reported as having sickness on board. J answered the call. Before reaching the vessel (which proved to be the Danish brig 'Charlotte Hague,' Capt Buck), I found the captain and one seaman requiring medical services. The captain, how ever, had no fever and was evidently recovering from a mild attack of remittent fever, at least such was my opinion. The seaman I found sick with bilious remittent fever. 1 prescribed for my patients and returned to the city, reporting them to you in accordance with the above facts. On July 2 I was again called on a visit to the 'Charlotte Hague.' The captain met me on deck--the seaman \vas also on deck, and much better. Another seaman was called to me for exami nation (a similar case). I prescribed for them. Seeing that those patients would probably require more medical attention (which at Tybee was onerously expen sive to the owners) I gave the captain permission to bring his sick to the city; this he did the following day (July 3) and entered with them into the Savannah infirmary, where I visited them in connection with my partner, Dr. J. A. Wragg, until July 5. on which day, being compelled to leave for the north on account of my own health, Dr. \V. A. Chartres took my place and continued to visit them with Wragg. I have only to add that the symptoms these cases exhibited up to the time 1 left them, differed in no respect from a number of other cases of remit tent fever under treatment in the infirmary at the same time, and showed no symptoms of yellow fever.--K. A. Mackall." The statement of Dr. Wragg is: "The Danish brig 'Charlotte Hague' put into Cockspur roads about June 29 or 30. 1854, and was visited on June 30 by the port physician. On July 3 two of the seamen were brought to the Savannah infirmary, where they remained until July 7, and were discharged cured. They had not the least symptom of yellow fever. The captain was also admitted to the infirmary and discharged cured. He iiad not the least symptom of yellow fever. On July 7 they returned to the brig and she went to sea. The brig never came up to the city and the men brought up nothing but the clothing they had on.--John Ashby Wragg."
Dr. Hume of Charleston. S. C. in the "Charleston Medical Journal and Review.7' January, 1855, gives additional facts as to the part the "Charlotte Hague" played in introducing yellow fever into Savannah in 1854. He says: "We have obtained the following narrative of the introduction of yellow (ever into Savannah in 1854 from Capt. King, commander of the Savannah pilot boat 'John R. Wilder.7 On July 29. 1854. while cruising off Tybee, he fell in with the Bremen brig 'Charlotte Hague/ from Havana, in distress, with the captain and two of the crew sick with fever. He took the brig into Cockspur inlet. On the next day, the health officer. Dr. Mackall, visited the vessel. Fiading it inconvenient to repeat his visits as often as necessary, he determined to carry the sick to Savannah, which he did on Aug. 3. and placed them in a private hospital in East Broad street. Capt. King never heard whether they lived or died, after their arrival in the city.

J

MEDICAL HISTORY.

HI

The sick were seen also by Dr. Caruthers. It is scarcely necessary to remind our

readers that East Broad street was the first locality reported by the board of

health of Savannah as infected with the disease; and from what we have observed

from the behavior of the disease in Charleston, there is no reason to doubt that if

introduced as related above, its progress would have been such as described by

the Savannah papers, and exactly similar to what occurred in Charleston. There

is no reason to apprehend that the narration of Capt. King is untrue. It contains

nothing injurious to the character of anyone, and also saves Savannah from the imputation of being the unnatural mother who destroys her own children.

Capt. King was one of the few engaged in the transaction, and the general

impression so engrafted in the minds of the inhabitants of all the southern cities

that yellow fever is indigenous to all, and that foreign importation is impossible, is

a sufficient acquittal of Dr. Mackall of any part he may have acted, in providing

a comfortable accommodation for the seamen of the distressed vessel under his

charge. Capt. King has proved himself worthy of the highest commendation;

he has seen his error, has confessed his sjn, such as it was, and deserves forgive

ness for the dreadful calamity he helped to inflict upon his cherished city. May

the citizens profit by his confession, and prepare an appropriate place for the

reception of sick seamen beyond the limits of the city, especially such as trade

from the Havana to northern ports.''

Here is the positive evidence of a vessel arriving on June 29 or July (Drs.

Mackall and Hume differ as to date of arrival of the sick seamen), from the

infected port of Havana, and sending three of her crew into the section of the

city first infected. All the facts point to yellow fever as the disease prostrating

the three members of the crew of the "Charlotte Hague." Drs. Mackall and Wragg,

diagnosticated their disease as remittent fever, but no proposition in medicine is

better established than that mild cases of yellow fever--which are by no means

infrequent even in this day--are very likely to be mistaken for remittent fever

even by an expert. Dr. Arnold, a yellow fever veteran, said: "I do not deny that

when no suspicion is aroused the first notice the physician has that he is treating

a case of yellow fever, is the appearance of fatal black vomit. Xor must it be

supposed that all cases of genuine yellow fever appeared in one stereotyped

edition. There was even- variety of grade and intensity, from the ephemeral

attack of twelve hours of fever, followed by speedy convalescence, to the more

prolonged paroxysm of seventy-two hours, ushering in a malignant or fatal case.

Yellow fever is essentially a fever of one paroxysm: but that paroxysm is of very

unequal duration. If the access of fever should not be marked, it could not be

distinguished at first." All of the facts justify the conclusion that these three

patients were ill with yellow fever when they were landed in Savannah, and also

that they introduced the disease into the city. If it be objected that these three

seamen with only the clothing they wore upon their persons were received into

Savannah from the Hague, and for this reason could not have infected the city, I

answer that the books are full of instances wherein towns and cities were infected

under circumstances identical \\ith that of the three seamen from the Hague

infecting Savannah. I can till a large octavo volume with the details of such

occurrences. The next epidemic of yellow fever in Savannah was in 1858.

I have endeavored to obtain data for a brief history of this epidemic but the effort

failed. The mortuary record of Savannah discloses the fact that this epidemic

caused 114 deaths.

SAVANNAH IN ISTti.

The next epidemic of yellow fever in Savannah was in 1876. In the examina tion of the state board of health relative to the origin of the disease in Savannah

in 1876, it was officially established:

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MEMOIRS OP GEORGIA.

*"FirsL That yellow fever was epidemic in Havana, Matanzas, Cienfuegos, Trinidad and Santiago de Cuba, during the months of June, July and August, 1876. That vessels directly from these infected ports did arrive at the port of Savannah immediately prior to and during the early development of the epidemic, is shown
by the records obtained from the custom house authorities. The list demonstrates the fact, that in the month of July, 1876, three (3) Spanish vessels arrived at Savannah from Cuban ports, which were infected with yellow fever prior to their departure. One of these vessels discharged loc tons of ballast at the Central railroad wharf, and her crew of fifteen men, with their mattresses, blankets and clothing, went into lodging houses in the western portion of the city. Two of these vessels discharged 190 tons of ballast at the Atlantic & Gulf railroad wharf, and their crews, consisting of twenty-four men, with their mattresses, blankets and clothing, went into the lodging house of Mrs. Redgate, which is but one
square from the block first infected in the city. During the month of August, 1876, between the second and twenty-eighth of the month, four Spanish vessels arrived at Savannah from Havana, at which port, at the time of their departure, yellow fever was epidemic. One of these vessels discharged fifty tons of ballast at the Central railroad wharf, and her crew of ten men went, with their mattresses, blankets and clothing, to sailor boarding houses in the western portion of the city.
Three of the vessels discharged 500 tons of ballast at the Atlantic & Gulf railroad wharf, and their crew of forty men, with their mattresses, blankets and clothing,
went into sailor boarding houses in the eastern part of the city. But the inmates of these boarding houses did not take yellow fever for many days after other sections of the city were infected."
These data as to the length of time these vessels were quarantined are taken
from the published report of Dr. Geo. H. Stone of the Marine hospital service. "As to tlie quarantine upon the Savannah river, the health officer of Savannah, testified that the quarantine station was at Tybee island, about seventeen miles below the city. Vessels from infected ports are there stopped until he can visit them, when he examines their papers, musters the crew and institutes especial inquiries as
to any who may be missing. That the usual detention is ten days from port to port, if the vessel has a clean bill of health; any greater length of detention rests entirely with the health officer. At the quarantine station there is absolutely no means of enforcing sanitary orders. The crews of vessels can communicate with the city if willing to take the risk. The testimony of the health officer as to
quarantine regulations is fully corroborated by that of his honor, the mayor of the city, and Dr. J. C. Habershair, who was for many years health officer of the port. Were either of these vessels infected with yellow fever, is a question which at this time assumes important proportions. The health officer testifies that the first vessel which arrived in the city to which suspicion of yellow fever was directed was the bark 'Maria.* In mustering the crew one man was missing, and it was
reported that he had fallen from the masthead and been killed. Being satisfied that the statement was true, the vessel was permitted to pass up to the city. It is not stated, however, what caused the suspicion of yellow fever to be attached to the 'Maria.' The second case was of the bark 'Maria Carlina.' Again one man was missing, reported to have died of cholera morbus; one man was taken sick three days after arrival at Tybee. Of what? The health officer does not state,
although he says: 'I expressed the opinion to the mayor that the man did not have the yellow fever. He afterward recovered. This vessel was thoroughly fumigated.' From the bark 'Olympia,' upon which vessel a case of yellow fever was known to have occurred, infection could have reached the city only by
Copied from report of health of the state of Georgia, 1876.

MBDICAJL, HISTORY.

j r^

unauthorized communication with the vessel. The fact connected with these vessels, of interest to epidemiologists, which is at present absolute, is that they cleared from a port infected with yellow fever, and that prior to their arrival at the port of Savannah no authenticated cases of the disease had occurred in that city. The Cuban history of these vessels is absolutely unknown. They may have been infected with the disease while at anchor, before or after taking in ballast. What epidemic influences had their crews been subjected to? Were anv of them convalescents from the Havana Marine hospital? It seems an absolute fact, that no case of yellow fever arrived at Savannah upon any of these vessels, unless it may be that the man taken sick at Tybee was a case of the disease; nor can this case be absolutely rejected from all consideration, although he was, upon October 9, admitted to the Marine hospital with that disease. The necessity of obtaining information as to the crews of these vessels is evident from the testimony of Mr. . Angus McAlpine, who informed the board that he had been informed, when on board vessels at the Atlantic & Gulf wharf, in his official capacity as inspector of lumber, 'that the captain of the "Maria Carlina" had died at Havana of yellow fever; that the mate was also taken sick, but started for his home in Spain" The captain died on shore in Havana, the mate was sick at the Havana Marine hospital. The captain in command of the vessel on her arrival, was put in charge of her at Havana. The baggage of the first captain was on board; none was. to his knowledge, brought off the vessel.'"
None of the first cases at Savannah could be traced to absolute contact with these vessels. The first case, Schull, of the schooner "Severs/' was not known to have gone on board of either the "Ynez" or the "Maria,'' but he was taken sick after the "Severs" had been for some days at the same wharf with them. The boy Thomas Cleary positively denies that he or any of his comrades ever went on board any of these vessels. But Cleary was taken with the disease only after he had gone many times to dig among the ballast discharged from these vessels, and his comrades in this, with but few exceptions, all had the disease about the same time. Again, the locality in which the first group of yellow fever cases occurred, was the nearest block of tenements to the Atlantic & Gulf railroad wharf, and was directly in the line of communication between the city and vessels taking in cargo at that point. It is also a matter of significance that at this identical point all former epidemics of yellow fever originated. It is also demonstrated that two of these vessels discharged ballast and that their crews of twenty-five men, with mattresses, blankets and clothing, went upon shore and into boarding houses in. the northwestern portion of the city. This fact certainly furnishes a clew by whicii the cases which occurred in that portion of the city may be traced.
The character of the ballast discharged at the Atlantic & Gulf railroad wharf is a matter of much interest. An examination of the custom house records at Savannah shows that in 1876 2,130 tons of this ballast were unloaded at the Atlantic & Gulf wharf. It has already been shown in this report that the board has taken cognizance of this view of the epidemic, and that it is fully aware of the intense malarial influences to which the inhabitants of that city are subjected. A tabu lar statement of the mortuary reports for six years has been presented, in whicii it is shown that the percentage of deaths from miasmatic disorders is very great. This becomes strikingly suggestive when it is shown that the deaths from such diseases in Savannah, with her less than 30,000 inhabitants, rival the death record from the same diseases in the city of New York with her 1,200,000 inhabitants, which she draws from all quarters of the globe.
That an epidemic of malarial disorders of an exceedingly acute grade was prevalent in the city of Savannah prior to and subsequent to the month of Aug-.
II--8

MEMOIRS OP GEORGIA.
ust, 1876, is shown by the testimony of Dr. J. C. Le Hardy and others, and the board is strongly of the opinion that to the excessive malarial charging of the atmosphere, the miserable sanitary condition of the city and its surroundings is to be attributed the intensity of the epidemic influences. But they fail to find any evidence which does away with or invalidates the circumstantial evidence in favor of the importation of the disease. Had there been no virulent outbreak of the disease at Havana, had there been no arrival of vessels open to the sus picion of infection prior to the Savannah outbreak, had the disease originated in, or during the early weeks of the epidemic shown its malignancy in those districts of the city most exposed to malarial influences there could be no decided question on the subject But the epidemic of 1876 at Savannah can be found to differ in no essential from all other epidemics known in this country--so far as relates to its inception--since 1693. In view of all the evidence obtained, although it can not be proved that any cases of yellow fever were carried into the city of Savannah by vessels from Cuba--while it cannot be proved that any of the early cases of the epidemic had personal contact with such vessels--still the fact remains that no cases of the disease occurred at Savannah until after the arrival of vessels open to suspicion of infection--that the outbreak of the disease did not occur at a point far removed from these vessels, but it did occur in the nearest inhabited block of the city to the wharf at which said vessels lay; and further, that the two first cases of the disease had been in the immediate vicinity of the suspected vessels.
THE EPIDEMIC AT OTHER LOCALITIES.
The Isle of Hope, ten miles below Savannah, was considered a point of refuge to the inhabitants of the city. Dr. S. F. Dupont states that at least 3,000 indi viduals were added to the resident population. The disease did not, at this point, occur until after the epidemic was fully established in the city. It is a fact of great significance that Bethesda school, which is situated but a short distance from the Isle of Hope, was entirely free from the disease. Dr. Wm. Duncan remarks: "If local cause gave rise to the disease at the Isle of Hope, the same cause would have given rise to it at Bethesda."
The first recognized case of yellow fever in the Savannah epidemic of 1876 was that of a man named Schull, who was admitted to the Marine hospital on July 28, from the American schooner "Severs." He had previously been treated for a fever of one paroxysm, which was followed by congestion of the lungs. When admitted to the hospital he had no fever. Previous to admission a blister had been applied to his back, the cuticle was removed, and the tissues were discolored and bleeding. On July 30, whilst sitting up in bed calm and cheerful, he was taken with sudden hemorrhage. The blood escaped from his mouth in quan tities, was red and frothy, and death ensued almost immediately. Autopsy four hours after death. Skin yellow, lungs infiltrated and filled with blood, traces of incipient tubercles in lungs, ulcers on exterior surface of the same, liver of com plete boxwood color. This record is taken from the official report of Dr. George H. Stone, assistant surgeon. Marine hospital service.
There is a further history of this case, which is as follows: The schooner "Severs" arrived at Savannah on July 10 with a load of ice. The ice was dis charged at a wharf in the city, when the "Severs" dropped down the river to the wharf of the Atlantic & Gulf railroad company for a cargo of lumber. At the time the "Severs" was at this wharf there were two Spanish vessels, recently arrived from Havana, also taking on board lumber; these Vessels were the "Ynez" and the "Maria." The "Severs" lay within a hundred yards of the vessels. While
f

MEDICAL. HISTORY.
the "Severs" was receiving her cargo Schull was taken ill, was removed from the vessel, and was carried through the city to a boarding-house upon Indian street, in the extreme western portion of the city, and at no great distance from the wharf depot of the Central Railroad company, where he was treated by Dr. William Duncan, who diagnosed the case as one of congestive fever. From the house he was removed, without the kndwledge of Dr. Duncan, to the Marine hospital, located in the eastern portion of the city. It will therefore be seen that this case of undoubted yellow fever was twice carried through the streets of Savannah prior to the general epidemic outbreak.
On Aug. 6 a boy named Thomas Cleary, who is about fifteen years of age, and who resides with his parents on Wright street, east of Broad, and between Bay and Broughton streets, was taken ill with what was undoubted yellow fever.
It is necessary to ask.especial attention to the block into which Wright street runs; it is bounded by East Broad, Bay, Reynolds and Broughton streets. Upon the map of Savannah, published in 1868, this block is designated as "Garden." But Wright street pierces it on the west for one-half its width, while East Boundary pierces it on the north to one-third its depth. The portion of this block at the corner of Bay and Reynolds is occupied by the city gas works, while the sides of the block are occupied by small tenement houses.
Thomas Cleary was taken sick, as we have said, on Aug. 6. This sickness, as described by the boy and his mother, is as follows: "Was taken sick with pains in his bones, with yawning and stretchings, and became so weak and staggery that he had to go to bed. Had fever and great pain in front part of his head, wanted to drink all the time, had very short breath, and felt all the time as if he had to gasp to get it. When he got up he was very weak and could not walk; was very yellow all over." The fever in this case lasted ten days, during which time he was confined to his bed.
This boy states positively, and corroborates the statement under oath, that during the month of July, 1876, he, in company with several boys, named James McCarty, George Bussell, Bill Ray and George Lappin, was in the habit of going, after school hours, to the wharf of the Atlantic & Gulf railroad to look for shells and rocks amongst the ballast discharged from vessels.
Aug. 17.--James Patrick Cleary, aged i r years, a brother of Thomas Cleary, and residing in the same house in which he had been sick, and in which he was convalescing, was taken with yellow fever. As the boy Thomas had been suc cessfully treated without medical aid no physician was called to the case until Aug. 21, when Dr. Stone was called in. The case terminated fatally the same day. At the autopsy the surface of the body was found yellow as gold, the liver box wood; further examination not permitted.
Aug. 18.--A mulatto boy living near the Atlantic & Gulf railroad depot was taken with yellow fever and died the same day. Reported by Dr. W. H. Elliott.
This locality is upon east Broad street, distant (according to map of the city), but three blocks from the Cleary case. Aug. 20.--Ella Scott, living on west side of Reynolds street, north of Broughton (in same block as the Clearys), had yellow fever, but recovered. The same day, the 2Oth, Lenia Smith, living on Reynolds street, nearly opposite to Ella Scott, took the disease, from which she died Aug. 26. Aug. 21.--Bill Ray, one of the boys who frequented the Atlantic and Gulf wharf with Thomas Cleary, and who lived on Broughton and East Boundary streets, was taken with yellow fever, but recovered. The same day John Fountain, living at the north end of East Boundary street, was taken with the same disease, but recov ered. Aug. 22.--A child of John Lynch, who lived on Wright street, a few doors

Il6

MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

east of the Clearys. died of yellow fever. The same day, the 22d, Mrs. Keogh, living at the north end of East Boundary street, was attacked bv the disease, and died Aug. 27. Aug. 23.--George Bussell, another of Thomas deary's companions, was taken ill with yellow fever, but recovered. The boy lived in East Boundary street, north of Broughton. Aug. 26.--John Lvnch and Mrs. Lynch died of the same disease at the same place as that at which the case of Aug, 22 had died. The same day. 26th. Michael Delaney died in East Broad, two doors north of Brough ton. Aug. 27.--Fred Lawson. living on Randolph and President streets, died. Aug. 28.--The children of Thomas Keogh, living on north side of Broughton street, west of Reynolds, are reported to have been sick with the disease--one case was fatal. The majority of these cases occurred in the practice of Dr. George H. Stone, and are reported from records obtained from his note-book; some are noted from the annual report of the mayor of Savannah in the ''Morning News*' of Jan. 8, 1877-
The disease spread rapidly in the immediate vicinity of this block first infested, and then appeared in. and spread from Stone street, a short street running from West Broad street between Liberty and Harris streets, on the opposite side of the city. The first of these cases occurred in the person of Mrs. Man," E. Malcomes. The same day a fatal case was reported on State street, between Whitaker and . Bernard, in the person of Edward L. Drummond. It has been shown that prior to the occurrence of these cases the disease was under full epidemic headway in the northeastern portion of the city, from which locality it is simply impossible to trace any connection with those last noted, nor indeed is it considered at all necessary to do so. as the migrations of individuals and their effects cannot alwayi be observed. It will, however, be shown hereafter that, in all human probability, a focus of infection was established in the northwestern portion of the city, as well as in the northeastern, for on Aug. 29 Dr. William Duncan reports a yellow fever death on Indian street lane. Attention is, however, asked to the case of one Law rence Kelly, who is a foreman for the master stevedore of the city, and who resides at the corner of Joachim street and Indiana street lane. This man claims that on Aug. 11 he was taken with yellow fever after removing the ballast from the Spanish bark "Xeuva Ygnacia." July 14. and the brig "Pepe" Aug. i, at the Central railroad wharf.
YELLOW FEVER IN BRUNSWICK--1876.

The state board of health traced the origin of the epidemic of Brunswick in 1876

as follows: At almost the identical time at which the yellow fever outbreak occurred

at Savannah, the same disease occurred at the port of Brunswick, Ga. The board

present the evidence of Col. J. T. Collins, the collector of customs at that port, and

of Dr. J. S. Blain, the health officer, in detail. He said: On the i sth of July an

American schooner from Havana, with yellow fever, anchored in the sound and

remained forty-eight hours. Distance, nine miles from the city. The water fur

nished her was by a water-boat: no assistance needed. Think she had no com

munication with the town. The Spanish bark "Marietta" was from Havana;

arrived Aug. i: cleared Havana July 20 and sailed on July 23; crew, fourteen;

in ballast a mixture of dirt and pebbles; no yellow fever occurred on her during

the voyage, but while at Havana her crew were taken sick with yellow fever; no

sickness in port; cleared Aug. 26; ballast discharged on Cook's wharf, between

high and low water mark: know of one case of fever, Capt. Bean, of the schooner

*'Ed Johnson." lay just to the north, twenty or thirty yards, from the Spanish vessel

"Marietta;'' Capt. Bean was taken sick Aug. 21 and died Ang. 24; cases of Zeigler,

I

Toate. Hertzog and a Mrs. West, who died; Zeigler and Toate dined the captain

MEDICAL HISTORY.

XI -

of the Spanish bark on several occasions: Hertzog was a butcher who supplied the vessel with meat; Mrs. West did some sewing for the captain on clothing taken from the vessel. Two of the sailors of Capt. Bean's vessel, one of the schooner "W. H. B'oardman," that lay alongside of the "Marietta," one of the schooner "M. M. Pate," that lay to the southward of the "Boardman" and alongside of the "Board man ;" these cases occurred within a week or ten days of Capt. Bean: Capt. Bean died at the hotel; all the cases were fatal. Do you think the port physician has sufficient authority? Answer: We have no suitable building for quarantine sta tion, no provision made for fumigation of vessels, and none to prevent intercourse with the town by pilots. I know that I heard of the existence of yellow fever in Savannah prior to its occurrence here. On Aug. 22 I declined to send two men, who applied, to hospital in Savannah, because of yellow fever in Savannah.
Testimony of Dr. J. S. Blain: Health officer, and I have been since Sept. 9, 1876. From Sept. 7 to 12 Mrs. West, Messrs. Zeigler. Toate and Barnes died of yellow fever, but being unwell did not see most of them. The first case I saw on the schooner "W. H. Boardman," on Aug. 10. The captain called on me to visit the steward, who in my opinion had yellow fever, and the vessel sailed on the 22d. The captain said he had another sick man on board, but he was all right. This man died on the following day. The vessel discharged her ballast at Littlefield & Tyson's wharf, a little above high water mark, and took in her cargo at Carter's wharf. Capt. Bean, of the schooner "Ed. Johnson." boarded the "W. H. Board man" while the dead man was on deck, previous to burial. Saw Capt. Bean on the 22d; died on the 24th of uremic poisoning, in a convulsion; no black vomit. The schooner "W. H. Boardman" was lying alongside of the "Marietta." which came from Havana with a crew of convalescents from yellow fever. The "Marietta" discharged her ballast at Cook's wharf. Messrs. Zeigler, Toate and Hertzog were on terms of companionship with the captain of the ''Marietta," as also were Messrs. Peitzer and Doerflinger, who about the same time had yellow fever. (From Sept. 4 to Sept. 12.) The disease was carried to different points in the city, which acted as a radiating force. That it progressed against a northeast wind that prevailed during the whole of the epidemic. The town was perfectly healthy up to the time of the outbreak of the epidemic. It is customary for us to have malarial fever here after the prevalence of a northeast wind. There are absolutely no malarial influ ences affecting the town nearer than the rice fields, which are twelve miles off. I fully indorse all Col. Collins' statement concerning quarantine, and have this only to add, that the whole of the sea coast of Georgia should be taken in charge by the state or the general government, because of the inability of the city to establish and keep up suitable quarantine stations. I will add that yellow fever prevailed on the vessels in the vicinity of the "Marietta" twelve or fifteen days before the disease
made its appearance among the residents. In a private letter to Surgeon E. McClellan. I". S. A.. Col. Collins states that
he finds Mrs. West (one of the early cases at Brunswick) did no sewing for the "Marietta," but for the schooner "Johnson." Mrs. West went on the "Johnson" after the disease was among the crew, got two or three suits of woolen clothes, repaired them, pressed them with a hot iron, returned them to the vessel on the evening of Sept. 2, and was taken with yellow fever the next day.
Dr. Blain's Supplemental Statement.--The sanitary conditions of Brunswick are good. No fresh water streams, ponds or marshes are in or around it. Rain, when it falls, soaks in rapidly, or is carried off by the drainage. The drainage is sufficient to keep the place perfectly dry. There are no closed drains or sewers. Salt water has access to all these drains at each tide. We have no typhoid diseases except occasional accidental cases. We have but few malarial diseases,

jig

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MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

of a mild type. Our epidemics of scarlatina, etc., are of mild character and easily managed. The excreta from the privies is disposed of by burying it in the earth. Have no reason to suspect the drinking water, which is exclusively furnished by wells and pumps, is contaminated by drainage from the excreta. There are no conditions, in my judgment, to warrant the supposition that yellow fever could originate in the city. James S. Blain, M. D., health officer, city of Brunswick.
Will state that I rode all over the city with Dr. Blain and saw absolutely no cause for the generation of malaria or any other disease at this time. B. M. Cromwell, member of the state board of health.
Brunswick, 1893.--Dr. H. Buford, president of the board of health of Bruns wick, in a letter to me, says: "The epidemics of yellow fever in Brunswick in 1876 and 1893 were traced to introduction through defective quarantine."
Darien, Jan. 3, 1877.--Doboy Island.--On Aug. 23 the Spanish bark "Valentina" arrived at Brunswick from Havana. Had no bill of health--was in ballast Did not discharge at Brunswick, but left immediately for Doboy Island, where she discharged ballast and took in a cargo of lumber. Within ten days of her arrival yellow fever broke out on the island. (See testimony of Col. Collins and Mr. E. C. Davis and letter from Darien.)
Doboy Island, Jan. i, 1877.--Col. John T. Collins, Brunswick, Ga. Dear
Sir--As requested by you, I have made full inquiry concerning the fever that prevailed to such an extent on this island during the months of September and October last I find that 101 persons had the fever--thirty-nine whites and sixtytwo colored, but the number of deaths were equal, seven of each--and six of the seven whites were of foreign birth, the other one being that of the captain of the American schooner "Ralph Norris," who died and was buried at Darien.
This does not include those who left the island and were taken sick elsewhere. There was no sickness here until after the Spanish bark "Valentina" discharged her ballast at the mill wharf, commencing Aug. 28 and 29. The first case that occurred was that of Mr. Jussley, the superintendent of the mill, who went to the hold of the vessel to ascertain its carrying capacity; and the next case of sickness was that of Mr. Harley, who had a general oversight of the wharves and store of Messrs. Hilton, Foster & Gelson in the absence of the latter gentlemen. Mr.
Harley was about the vessel several times while they were discharging ballast, and, no doubt, contracted the disease there, from which he died Sept. 20, after a severe relapse of the fever, from which he had almost recovered. The next case was among the negro houses nearest where the ballast was deposited, and not more than 100 feet therefrom. These people commenced to be taken down from Sept 5 to 10. Cannot learn from them the exact date, only that it was a few days after the bark discharged her ballast. From these houses of the colored people the fever appeared simultaneously almost all over the island. It was of quite a mild type, and with medical attention and nursing, no doubt the death rate would liave been much less. The only wonder is that it was not much greater, as almost every person on the island was sick--hardly enough being well, at one time, to bury the dead, to say nothing of nursing the sick. There was no aid extended the sufferers from Darien, or any other quarter, and the only notice taken of the island was by a sanitary committee from Darien, who came down here on a junketing excursion, and after deciding that there was no yellow fever here, returned to town and left it to its fate. I understand that the Spanish bark "Valentina" lost her entire crew from yellow fever in Havana, just before coming here: and from all I can learn, have no hesitation in saving that the disease was

MEDICAL HISTORY.
brought here by that vessel. Any further information we can give you will be furnished with pleasure. Edwin C. Davis, Darien.
YELLOW FEVER IMPORTED.
The maritime quarantine of the past was necessarily a lamentable failure for the reason that the system was not founded upon an intelligent conception of the issues to be met. Take Charleston, S. C., a city so frequently and cruelly scourged by yellow fever, and an occasional source of yellow fever in Georgia. What were the quarantine regulations? They were as follows: i. In summer all vessels from ports where yellow fever occurs are brought to quarantine; if all are well they are permitted to come up, and the vessel is permitted to come to the wharves of the city within five days, but the time may be extended at the discretion of the port physician. 2. If any are sick, the vessel is detained at quarantine, the sick sent to the lazaretto, and the cabin and forecastle cleaned and purified as far as practicable; we have no facilities for doing any more. 3. Ves sels coming from any port or place whatever with infectious or malignant mala dies on board shall be made to perform a quarantine of twenty days or more, if, in the judgment of the port physician a longer quarantine is necessary. Now for enforcement of this quarantine, the port physician, the sole quarantine officer, said: "I must, in candor, say that I do not believe the yellow fever was ever produced in Charleston from importation; and this is the result of an experience of thirty years as port physician, and twenty-four years as member of the board of health, many years of which I have been its chairman." Was ever a man known to enforce a system which he believed was useless? What was the result of administering quarantine by this officer who did not believe it necessary? Yellow fever attacked Charleston twelve times during his term of service. Dr. Hume, of Charleston, unquestionably traced six of these twelve infections of the city to foreign importation.
Examine the quarantine system of Georgia. The then health officer of Sa vannah, before the state board of health, in 1876, after the epidemic, said: "It has been the custom for years past to establish a quarantine on June i. Upon the arrival of a vessel from an infected port I am notified by telegram from the quarantine station. The vessel cannot come up to the city until 1 visit her and give permit. The usual detention is about ten days from port to port, provided she has a clean bill of health. If there be any sickness on board, or there be any grounds for suspicion that there is, the health officer can use his discretion and keep her at quarantine as long as he please. Upon going on board of a vessel the first thing I do is to muster the crew. The crew list is produced, and I have the men arranged on deck and check them off. If any are missing I institute inquiries, and my action is guided by what I ascertain and believe. No vessel arrived at the city this season in less than ten days--sometimes as long as forty days or mote, on their trips from South America. The usual time to keep vessels from infected ports in quarantine is ten days. Vessels coming from Ha vana with clean bills of health arc allowed to come to port in ten days--that is, ten days from port to port. This has been the custom here so long as to almost become a rule. On some occasions I have made it fifteen days, in others thirty days or more. I have no guarantee after leaving vessels that I have quarantined that my instructions will be rigidly carried out; have no doubt the crews 'sometimes have communication with the sailor boarding-house runners, and they may come up to the city. There is no guard boat or river police, and hence there is nothing to prevent them from coming up to the city if they are willing to run the risk of penalty and imprisonment.

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MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

"There is certain!} a very grave defect in the quarantine regulations here; there is no lazaretto or hospital at Tybee (the quarantine station), and no arrangepK-nts for treating sickness below the city."
Mayor Andcrson said: "I think it likely that the sailor boarding-house run ners do communicate with vessels in quarantine. There is nothing to prevent
persons from visiting these ships, as there is no guard kept there. I heard through the health officer that vessels hsd arrived on which it was suspected there has been yellow fever. I think the entire quarantine system of the southern coast is very defective."
From the facts quoted from the officials of Savannah it is found that the maritime quarantine system of that port was utterly devoid of even the elemental principles of modern quarantine. Vessels came directly to the wharves of the city from several infected West Indian ports wherein yellow fever was prevailing epidemically, and ten days" detention from port to port, provided no cases of yellow fever were in existence on the vessel, was the extent of ship sanitation required before giving them pratique. If nobody on shipboard was sick on
arrival at Savannah, it wa accepted as proof positive that the vessel could be safely landed at the wharves 01 that city, and the crew were allowed to enter the boarding house? of Savannah and carry with them their clothing, mattresses and blankets brought from infected places, never having been disinfected. Xo fact is now better established in sanitary science than that every member of a ship's crew may be immune to yellow fever bv having previous!v had the disease, and yet
the clothing and bedding be dangerously infected, and disseminate this poison in a previously non-infected city soon after the foniites are admitted. So too may the vessel be dangerously infected and the crew show no case of yellow fever for ti:c reason that each one- had previously had the disease and was therefore immune. This was the case with the "Maria" and "Ynez," one or both, at Savannah in 1876, f r Schull. the first case, certainly contracted yellow fever from one of them. The 1>i jok- arc full of similar case;. I could fill a volume with published details of like instances. It ? an established principle in ship sanitation that thorough disinfec tion of every pan of a vessel, cabin, forecastle, hold, ballast, bilge, bedding, dt -thing, hangings, etc.. and thorough fumigation of freight is necessary in a \_.-^d from an iniVcted port, even if there be no case of yellow fever among crew or passengers. Vet Savannah had noi the shade of a shadow of a plant equipped for germicida! treatment of infected vessels. The truth is. she had not so much a.- a proper apparatus for fumigation of vessels. It is true that the health officer r-ai'I in 1876: "I had the \e^so! ('Maria Carlina'j thoroughly fumigated.'' Savan nah having at that time r,o equipment for thorough fumigation of a vessel, it is impossible that the "Maria (Jarlina" was thoroughly fumigated. Jiy crude and wholly ineffectual appliances a given quantity of sulphur was burned, probably in the hold of the- vessel, but the effort to so thoroughly fumigate tins vessel was i!it-re child's play, devoid of every elemental principle of scientific application of sulphur fumigation. Savannah has now a scientifically constructed apparatus for thorough fumigation at:d for thorough application of germicidal solutions In foinitts. and for the application of dry and moist heat at a temperature of 250 Regrets Fahrenheit. t>; all purls of vessels, which is known to be positively destruc tive of all kinds of micro-organisms. Xot only do \\e find that Savannah had no equipment for .-unitary treatment of infected vessels, but her quarantine system \\as most radicallv dcfccti-.v--OIK equally as essential as a disinfection plant, i. e., !n-r health officer. Xo man had higher regard lor tin- health officer lhan I had. He was a man of the hight-st integrity, ai; elegant gentleman, and a highly accom plished physician. I Jut unfortunately for Savannah, he held the following opinions

MEDICAL HISTORY.

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expressed by him to our state board of health in 1876: "I don't believe yellow fever can be imported; don't think quarantine would keep it out." Xo city, state or nation has the right to place in charge of her quarantine system a man who does not believe in its efficacy. Man's actions result from his conceptions of the
necessities of measures, and no man since the dawn of creation was ever known to rigidly enforce a measure which his judgment impressed him would fail of success. A quarantine system should be administered only by a man thoroughly imbued with its necessity. A man who will rigidly enforce its every detail. The health
officer of 1876 was by no means the only health officer of Savannah who held the same views as he did as to quarantine. But this does not vitiate the principle for which I am contending. I comment upon Dr. --------'s views because in 1876 he was the health officer, and I wish to show his views as a part of the lax system of quarantine operated in Savannah against the importation of yellow fever. There can be no question that a municipality has no right to commit so sacred a trust into the hands of a man who does not believe in the principles upon which it is founded. Likewise, it is a reflection on the common sense of our citizens and a disgrace to the municipality to place upon a medical officer so sacred a duty as protection of the public health and not provide him with every requirement necessary for the proper discharge of the duties of his
office. Fortunately for Savannah she has remedied both defects. In her health officer, Dr. W. F. Urunner, she has an officer thoroughly equipped in knowledge of the great principles of modern ship sanitation, as well as zeal and fidelity in
the discharge of duty. She has too, a thoroughly equipped quarantine system with approved modern disinfection apparatus for sanitary treatment of vessels from ports infected with yellow fever or any other infectious disease, t would not be understood as intimating that any of our other Georgia seaports had a disin fection plant. Xonc of them had until recently. Brunswick, now under the supervision of the United States Marine hospital service, has a thoroughly efficient one, and in so far as thorough disinfection of vessels and their contents is con cerned, she is amply provided for. The weak spot in Urunswick's quarantine system, and it is one fraught with danger, is the location of her quarantine station, being on the same peninsula with the town itself, and only two miles
distant from the city.

YELLOW FEVER IN AUGUSTA.
Augusta has been visited by two epidemics of yellow fever, i. e., 1839 and 1854. She narrowly missed an epidemic in 1876. which will be detailed brietly, after considering the epidemics of 1839 and 1854. Augusta is located on the western side of the Savannah river, at the head of steamboat navigation, 130 miles above Savannah by water course; 130 miles northwest of Savannah by the Central railroad, and 136 miles from Charleston, S. C., via the South Carolina railway. Elevation of the city, 165 feet above sea level. Augusta has four direct connections with seaports of Georgia and South Carolina, i. e., by steamboats from Savannah, by the Central railroad, by the South Carolina railway, and by the Port Royal & Augusta railway with Tort Royal, S. C. This latter railway company by branches runs daily freight and passenger trains to Augusta from both Savannah and Charleston. The history of the epidemic of yellow fever in Augusta in 1831) is briefly as follows: The epidemic was preceded by a long season of heat anil drought. From June 10 to August 30 the thermometer in the shade at 3 o'clock p. m. ranged from 76 to <X> degrees Fahrenheit. At one time during the summer there was not even a shower of rain for seventy consecutive days. The extent of the drought throughout the upper section of the state is

122

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made manifest by the fact that the Savannah river was so low at Augusta that drays and other vehicles \vere driven daily through the river to Hamburg, on the Carolina side. The water of the river was so extremely low that Mr. H.
Shults of Hamburgh, a litigant against Augusta, planted a crop of turnips in a
part of the bed of the river, thinking this would favor his law suit. The lowness of the stream continued so long that Mr. Schults' crop had nearly matured before it was covered with water at low water mark of the river. The first notice of the
existence of an unusually grave form of fever among residents of Augusta is dated August 19, though the medical profession of Augusta unanimously reported to the mayor that the disease was not yellow fever, but, "unquestioned bilious
remittent fever." As earl}- as July 27 several refugees from Charleston had developed yellow fever immediately on arriving in Augusta. From August 6 to
August 19 forty cases of yellow fever had occurred among residents of Augusta.
From this time the disease spread rapidly over the entire city, attacking all classes, old and young, white and black, though few of the blacks died. The total mortality from yellow fever during this epidemic was 243, whites 206, colored 37. The
following-named physicians contracted the disease while nobly serving their
afflicted patients, and died: Dr. Milton Antony, Dr. John Dent, Dr. Griffith and Dr. Isaac Bowen.
The majority of the medical profession of Augusta, after the epidemic was
recognized, centered upon the trash wharf as the cause of the disease, Dr. L. A. Dugas being the only one of the physicians of Augusta who dissented from this
opinion. He maintained that the poison had been imported from Charleston, S.
C., where yellow fever had been for some time previously prevailing. The trash wharf here referred to was an immense pile of garbage which had been from 1834 to 1839 daily carted from the streets to the northern side of the city and dumped into the river: this trash pile was estimated to contain 200,000 cubic
feet The garbage of the city was daily dumped from the carts into the river at this point, the lighter parts floating down the stream, the heavier sank to the bottom
of the river. The pile was so large that it finally reached above the surface of the river at low-water mark. As already noted, in the early part of the summer of 1839 the Savannah river at Augusta almost literally dried up, leaving a large part of the bed of the river so dry that a crop of turnips was planted therein. Thus,
this immense pile of putrescent animal and vegetable matter was exposed to thedirect rays of the burning sun in July and August. On Aug. 28 this trash pile was covered with earth to a depth of four feet. The condition of this seething mass of
animal and vegetable matter until covered with earth is attested by the fact that when the city authorities, in May and June, 1839, decided to remove the trash pile, after the outer crust was removed, the heat of the mass was so great that "the workmen, although wearing heavy shoes, were compelled to quit work for several
hours at a time in order to suffer the mass to cool." The stench from this putrid mass it described as unbearable, and called forth many and loud complaints from citizens living in its vicinity. While this trash pile was a flagrant violation of even the elemental principles of sanitation, and in this day it is difficult to conceive hou a cleanly, decent people could bav<; permitted it to exist, yet I do not hesi tate an instant in saying it did not produce yellow fever in Augusta. Strange as it may seem this trash pile had practically no baneful effect upon the health of the
citv. Jt ha<i been in existence five years prior to the appearance of yellow fever, yet Prof. Milton Antony says: "For three years previously the city had enjoyed
r.nparallcled health." The fact is that Augusta was unusually healthy two months after yellow fever
was epidemic in Charleston. ?. C.. which two cities were connected by the South

MEDICAL, HISTORY.

I2 -

Carolina railway. Augusta prior to the outbreak of yellow fever was full of refugees who had fled from Charleston after the disease had been declared to be epidemic in the latter city. Dr. Strobel of Charleston properly claimed that the disease was imported into Augusta from Charleston, and asked of those claiming local origin of the malady the following pertinent questions: "Why did not yellow fever manifest itself in Augusta at the same time it made its appearance in Charleston; why was the epidemic in Augusta deferred until Charleston was almost deserted by her inhabitants? Did the arrival of the people from the infected city of Charleston excite the extrication of pestiferous miasm from local causes which had lain dormant up to the time?'' To this day no rational answer has ever been made to Dr. Strobel's pertinent questions. He might have added another very pertinent one on this line, which I now propound: Why was it that Augusta never had yellow fever until 1839, notwithstanding the fact that the disease was epidemic in Charleston thirty-one different years prior to 1839? The answer is easily given: Augusta was connected with Charleston by railway only in 1836, and Charleston citizens in their hegira from her infected atmos phere were, in the absence of railway facilities, forced to seek shelter in the country immediately adjacent; 1838 was the only year prior to 1839 m which yellow fever prevailed in Charleston after Augusta was connected with her by railway The facts show that prior to yellow fever making its appearance in Augusta in 1839, not only was the city filled with refugees from Charleston, but Dr. Strobel cited the fact that the first cases of yellow fever in Augusta were among these refugees. Not only were infected persons and baggage from Charles ton admitted into Augusta in 1839 without any restrictions of any kind whatso ever, but enormous quantities of decayed West Indian fruit was likewise brought into Augusta. This latter fact is significant when it is known that the yellow fever epidemic in Charleston in 1839 was imported from the West Indies, thirty-six ves sels from the West Indies laden with fruit having landed at the wharves of Charles ton from May I to July 30. This fruit was brought to Augusta in crates. The first case reported as yellow fever in Augusta in 1839 was in the early part of September, though the meeting of physicians on August 19 stampeded the citizens. They became convinced that the disease was yellow fever and in a few days the majority of citizens had fled to the country. The second and last epidemic of yellow fever in Augusta occurred in 1854. This year, as in 1839, the appearance of the disease was preceded by prolonged high temperature and remarkable drought. Again the Savannah was nearly dried up, extensive portions of the bed of the river being perfectly dry. However, this condition of the river was observed twice during the period between 1839 and 1854, and about the same
prolonged and heated term as in 1839 and 1854. In 1854 Augusta was connected by railway with Savannah via the Augusta
& Savannah railway, also by steamboats on the river, but the boats were for several months prior to the appearance of yellow fever unable to ply between the two
cities in consequence of the low river. The first case of yellow fever among the residents of Augusta in 1854 occurred
Sept. 12, but prior to this case fourteen citizens of Charleston and Savannah developed yellow fever after reaching Augusta. As to the healthfulness of Augusta at the commencement of this epidemic, I cite the following from the "Augusta Constitutionalist:" "From Sept. i to 17 there have been only sixteen deaths in this city. There has been no year within our memory since we have been resident in Augusta that the bill of mortality in September, up to the same period. will bear any comparison for lightness." Yet such was the rapidity of development and extent of yellow fever in Augusta that during the last half of the month of

124

MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

September the deaths numbered sixty-six. Fifty of these sixty-six died of yellow fever. The total mortality for the month of September was eighty-two. The last case of yellow fever occurred November 20. Total mortality, 123,--whites no, colored 13. As to the origin of the epidemic of 1854 there is but one opinion
among the medical profession of Augusta, i. e., that it was imported into the city from Charleston or Savannah--possibly both. Yellow fever had been in Savannah inorc- than five weeks before it attacked Augusta, and more than seven weeks
in Charleston earlier than in Augusta, and fourteen cases of yellow fever had occurred, among refugees from Savannah and Charleston before a single case occurred among residents of Augusta. Even- possible source of local origin was closely examined, but the examination showed the city to be in exceptionally fine sanitary condition. There was no trash wharf or garbage pile in existence in the city, inasmuch as the garbage had for years been burned every day as it was dumped from the carts. There was only this one circumstance similar to that of 1839. i. e.. yellow fever refugees with infected baggage, etc., were allowed to enter Augusta ad libitum. And thousands of these refugees availed themselves of the privilege. Augusta was literally full of the refugees from Charleston and Savan nah. In 1854. as in 1839. scores upon scores of railway passengers and freight cars .entered Augusta daily from the yellow fever infected cities of Charleston and Savannah. The freight cars were closed in the infected city, and opened only after arriving in Augusta, thus daily throwing into the atmosphere of Augusta
the infected air of Charleston and Savannah. Under the fact of this epidemic there cannot he a shade of a shadow of doubt that the disease was imported into Augusta
from Charleston and Savannah, and. furthermore, it cannot be doubted that if the policy of absolute non-intercourse quarantine had been operated against these cities. Augusta would not have been infected.
Yellow fever cases have on several occasions other than 1839 and 1854 been
imported into Augusta from Charleston. S. C., Port Royal, S. C.. and Savannah, Ga., but while a few of the citizens of Augusta developed yellow fever, the disease did not assume epidemic proportions. Augusta narrowly escaped an epidemic
in 1876. Fourteen residents of the city contracted yellow fever--five of them died. In this instance the infection was undoubtedly brought from Savannah by
infected baggage or railway freight cars. I believe the infection was brought in
baggage or bedding of refugees from Savannah, though it may have been from infected freight cars. The first case in a resident of Augusta dates from September IQ. Mr. H.. living on Twiggs street, corner of Hale street. The next case occurred September 21. Mr. Al., living three doors from the first case. Almost
immediately on the opposite side of the street from where these two cases resided, was a family who had ten days previously refugeed from Savannah. Yellow fever had been in existence iti Savannah for three weeks prior to the time this family left that city, coming from there directly to Augusta, and bringing with them furniture, bedding and clothing packed in Savannah. This family rented the vacant house above referred to, ur packed their household goods and went to housekeeping. In the lattc-r part of September, 1876, I was informed that two
members of this family had had yellow fever before leaving Savannah, though this assertion was not proven. Ail of the cases of yellow fever in 1876 were located in the section of the city immediately adjacent to where this family of refugees resided. This infected section of the city was immediately west of the freight depot of the O-ntra! railroad, which diroctly connected Savannah with Augusta. The freight cars were loaded and closed in Savannah and opened only
after arriving in Augusta. Although Savannah was infected with yellow fever as early as Tuly 28. the fact was suppressed for several weeks, during which time numerous families of refugees, and scores of freight and passenger cars left the

MEDICAL, HISTORT.

12 =

city coming directly to Augusta, before the latter city inaugurated a quarantine against Savannah. Local origin was suggested, and every effort made to trace these cases to insanitary conditions of Augusta, but the closest scrutiny of the entire city limits failed to bring to light any local cause for the disease. On this occasion, as on all others, the appearance of the malady in Augusta was subse quent to infection of a seaport in direct communication with Augusta.
In July, 1877, several cases of yellow fever occurred among citizens of Augusta who had not been out of the city limits, but the disease was directly in traceable connection with importation from Fernandina, Fla., and Port Royal, S. C. In the latter part of September, just prior to the application of non-intercourse quarantine by Augusta against infected cities in 1877, a refugee from Fernandina arrived in Augusta and went to the home of a relative on upper Greene street, where he developed yellow fever within two days of his arrival. This patient died of black vomit forty-eight hours from the commencement of his disease. He brought with him two large trunks of clothing packed in the infected town of Fernandina. The day after his attack a relative unpacked his trunks to get out some of his wearing apparel. A number of days after unpacking this trunk the lady who did this service was attacked with yellow fever, and one after another of the members of the family fell ill with the disease, until it attacked evenmember of the household. By thorough isolation and disinfection the disease was confined to the house and household in which it appeared. I saw the first of these cases in consultation with Drs. VV. H. Foster. Steiner, Campbell and Coleman. The subsequent cases were attended by Dr. H. H. Steiner. a yellow fever expert. Therefore there can be no doubt as to the nature of the disease. These cases established beyond controversy the portability of the yellow fever poison, as there was not another case in the city during the year among residents of Augusta. The only other cases of yellow fever in Augusta in 18/7 (and there has never been another case to the present day) were among refugees from Port Royal, S. C., which place had a few years previously been directly connected with Augusta by the Port Royal & Augusta railway- In the latter part of Septem ber a malignant fever appeared at Port Royal: the board of health fearing it was yellow fever sent an expert to Port Royal on Oct. i, to decide the nature of the disease. The representative of Augusta, after consultation with the physicians of Port Royal, reported that the disease was not yellow fever, but a high grade of malarial fever. Returning to Augusta the next day, the expert sent to Port Royal found on the same train one of the cases of fever he had seen the previous day in the latter town. There was also on the same train a number of refugees from Port Royal to Augusta, bringing with them in some instances household furniture, bedding, etc., and all of them brought trunks full of clothing. The next day Dr. L. D. Ford, president of the- board of health, visited the sick refugee from Port Royal, and promptly pronounced it a case of yellow lever. The fact was immediately reported to the board of health, and non-intercourse quarantine against Port Royal was at once applied, but, as is usual in such cases, the quaran tine was not applied until infected persons and materials had already reached the city. Several others of these refugees developed yellow fever after reaching Augusta, though under the restrictive measures promptly and faithfully applied,
the disease did not spread.
MACON.
In 1854, sometime after yellow fever had been declared epidemic in Savannah, the disease appeared in Macon. The first cases were among refugees from Savannah. The first cases among the inhabitants of Macon were in those who

126

MEMOIRS OP GEORGIA.

came in contact with the cases imported from Savannah, or with railway freight

cars loaded and closed in Savannah and opened after they arrived in Macon. In

1854 the railroad depot was located on the east side of the river, and the vast

majority of the cases among citizens of Macon were among those who lived

immediately adjacent to the freight depot. Dr. Mattauer cited this fact before the

state board of health in 1876, and estimated the number of cases in 1854 to have

reached 100.

There were about seventy cases of yellow fever in Macon in 1876, forty-nine

of them being inhabitants who had not left the city for several months previous

to contracting the disease. The first cases were among refugees from Savannah

and Brunswick, in both of which cities the disease was prevailing as an epidemic.

Dr. Magruder cited the case of two refugees arriving from Savannah and bringing

trunks of clothing and unpacking them in the house of a citizen of Macon.

Before either of these refugees developed the disease the hostess became alarmed

and requested them to obtain quarters elsewhere, yet she took the fever and died.

The two refugees went to the Rutherford house, when one of them developed

the disease. Dr. Magruder, who had previously been a believer in the local

origin theory recanted it and said before the state board of health in 1876: "From

what I saw here this year, I have been compelled to believe that it was introduced

here, and it was by means of the railroad cars running from Savannah, fastened

up perfectly tight until they got here, and then thrown open, and this infected

air spreading itself through the neighborhood. All these cases occurred in the

neighborhood of the freight depot. I found that all the cases that occurred here

were due to immediate communication with persons that came from Savannah."

Dr. Magruder also cites the following case: "Mrs. H. came here from Savannah,

and brought all her clothes: she developed yellow fever on her way here, and died

at her mother's on Bridge road, this side of the river. Her mother took the

disease in about two weeks and died. Her sister also contracted the disease but

recovered. These cases were in the neighborhood of the Savannah cotton depot."

Dr. Mason testified that the health of the city was unusually good prior to appear

ance of yellow fever. There- had been very little malarial fever here prior to

introduction of yellow fever. All the cases of yellow fever occurring in citizens

of Macon occurred sometime after refugees from Savannah and Brunswick

I

developed the disease on arrival here. About those cases at the factory, there

were two parties that came here from SavannaL; one of them had the yellow

fever: previous to their taking it they carried their baggage to the factory house,

so they came in direct contact with these parties. In the first case I saw (it was on

Third street! the case of Mrs. Higgins. She left Savannah at 5 o'clock in the

I '"

afternoon, arriving here about i or 2 o'clock in the morning, and took the chill

about 7 o'clock. She died on the third day with black vomit. Her mother, who

j'

nursed her, and had not been to Savannah, from nursing her daughter took it,

j^

and then another daughter took it; there were two cases originating in that

j,'

house from nursing Mrs. H. Then there was a case on the hill on the line of

i '

Third street, that of Mr. Penog. He had been exposed to it in Savannah and took

|

it. I treated him. His sister who visited him took the disease and died. I did

;.

not treat her: she died before he did. He- lasted some two or three weeks. 1 Ie-

1

didn't take the black vomit, but had hemorrhages." Question--Is it not likely that

}

the infection came from the cars? Answer--Yes sir, it originated in that way,

t

but others contracted it from visiting and nursing them. Mrs. Conrey, an old

lady, took the disease from nursing those who had it. She was the worst case that

I had to recover.

I-

Dr. Mettauer testified: I treated twenty-five cases of yellow fever in 1876.

f

MEDICAL HISTORY.

127

Eighteen of these cases were citizens of Macon--the other five were refugees from Savannah and Brunswick. Question--Did you have any cases that you could trace to previously infected districts in Macon? Answer--I could not trace the origin of the disease to any other cause than by importation of atmosphere from Savannah. Question--Do you know that any of these cases were in communica tion with the trains or any other means by which infection could occur? Answer --The eighteen cases which occurred among our citizens who did not visit Sa
vannah or Brunswick occurred on Fifth street, opposite the freight depot, where over a hundred thousand cubic feet of Savannah atmosphere was thrown out of the cars daily from empty cars brought from Savannah closed--the air impris oned in the empty cars. Question--Were any of these previously employed on the road? Answer--One watchman, who remained at the depot every night Question--What do you think was the origin of the fever? Answer--I think it
depended wholly for its origin on the daily supply of infected Savannah atmosphere which was brought here imprisoned in the empty cars, these cars being opened at
the depot opposite the locality where these cases occurred. I don't think there is any local cause for the disease. In the case of John Foughner, I have no doubt but that he got the disease by receiving crates of cabbage and fruit from Savannah, and opening them in his house. He slept there with his family. He died of the
disease, and one of his children took it after his death. I cannot account for these cases in any other way. Every case that I have seen is traceable to Sa
vannah atmosphere imported into our city.

JESSUP.
Yellow fever appeared in Brunswick in 1893, Sept. 12. The baggagemaster and telegraph operator at the depot developed the disease at the same hour of the day. The former handled all the baggage from Brunswick. The latter mingled with the train crews and entered the cars running directly from Brunswick. Sept. 23, 26, 27, 28, 29 and 30 and Oct. i cases occurred. The disease was declared epidemic Oct. 2. Total number of cases officially reported was 34; mortality, 3. Population remaining in Jessup, 709, whites and blacks. The disease was in existence from Sept. 12 to Sept. 30 before it was pronounced yellow fever. Dr. J. G. Tuten first diagnosticated the malady, and was sustained in his diagnosis by Surgeon R. D. Murray, of the United States Marine hospital service, a yellow fever expert. The last case occurred Nov. i. The disease not having been rec ognized until it had been in existence eighteen days, there was no effort made to jugulate the malady with the incipient cases. When yellow fever prevailed in Savannah and Brunswick (1876) no precautions were taken to prevent introduc tion of the disease into Jessup. A number of citizens of Savannah refugeed to Jessup, and many of the business men went to Savannah daily and returned to Jessup to spend the night. Several of these refugees developed yellow fever in Jessup, but there was no spread of the disease. In 1888, when yellow fever was epidemic in Jacksonville, with which city Jessup has direct railway connections, there were no cases in Jessup in consequence of non-intercourse quarantine. Jes sup had no quarantine in 1893.
An epidemic of yellow fever prevailed at Darien in 1854. The first case occurred about Sept. I, the last case the latter part of November, after a heavy frost. There were not more than 100 white citizens in Darien during the epidemic, and fifty of them died of this one disease--a mortality rarely ever equaled in America. During the year 1854 no foreign steamer ran to Darien, but coastwise and foreign barks came to the port for lumber. Dr. Spalcling Kenan, to whom

MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.
I am indebted for the facts relative to this epidemic, says: "It is positively known that the disease was brought to Darien from Savannah, but whether by steamer or stage I cannot learn, but regular trips twice a week were made between Sa vannah and Darien by both stage lines and steamers.''
XOT AX ENDEMIC DISEASE.
It will be observed that I have not included yellow fever among the endemic diseases of Georgia. In my judgment no greater wrong has ever been done our state than by many of her physicians who have persisted in asserting that yellow fever originates in our climate, i. e., that yellow fever takes its origin in Savannah, for instance, from causes existing within her limits under the influ ence of peculiar conditions of soil and atmosphere: that it is capable of selfproduction, whenever these conditions exist, similar to bilious fever in the country whenever vegetation, putrefaction and temperature acquire a certain development. If this were so we would be liable to yellow fever at any time whenever intense malarial poison taints our atmosphere.
I contend that yellow fever never did exist in any portion of the United States except when imported during the heated terms of the year. It is an exotic disease in America. This country is not and never has been its habitat. It is a disease sui generis, is in nowise related to malaria more than is measles to smallpox. An individual exposed to malaria in the swamps or rice fields in the summer or fall prior to a "killing frost" will contract a malignant, even fatal, case of malarial fever, but never under any circumstances yellow fever. Local insani tary conditions of American cities, be they ever so foul, never did originate one single case of yellow fever. Insanitary conditions, putrefying substances, consti tute a magnificent hot-bed for breeding yellow fever germs when once introduced from the West Indies or other yellow fever countries. But without importation of the yellow fever germ there has never been developed a case of yellow fever in America. Jn foreign countries--the West Indies, for instance, yellow fever finds a habitat--the disease is there a perennial. In America it is an annual, lives only during the summer and fall seasons, and is killed by frost. It has never survived the winter season in America. If yellow fever prevails in any part of America in 180.4 it will surely be killed out by the cold of winter, and unless im ported subsequently will never be known again in the United States. It is as thoroughly well demonstrated as any proposition in medical science that the dis ease- has never obtained a permanent abode in any portion of North America, has never become naturalized in our climate, and this is even so of the extreme southern portions of Florida, which are below the frost line. These statements are in perfect accord with the opinions of the overwhelming majority of the ablest sanitarians in America. Vet they are by' no means new. The fact is that up to the year 1800 yellow fever was universally considered an exotic to this country. One hundred and fifty years ago Dr. John Lining, of Charleston, S. C, writing to Dr. Whytt. professor of the practice of medicine in the university of Edinburgh, draws this graphic picture of yellow fever in America: "This fever does not seem to take its origin from any particular constitution of the weather, independent of infectious miasmata, as Dr. Warren (of Barbadoes, p. 8th) has formerly well observed. For within these twenty-five years it has been only lour times epi demical in this town, namely, in the autumns of the years 1732, 1739, 1745 and 1748, though none of these (excepting that of 1739, whose summer and autumn were remarkably rainy) was either warmer or more rainy (and some of them less so) than the summers and autumns were in several other years, in which

MEDICAL HISTORY.

129

we had not one instance of any one being seized with this fever, which is con trary to what would have happened, if particular constitutions of the weather were productive of it, without infectious miasmata. But that this is really an infectious disease seems plain, not only from this, that almost all the nurses caught it, and died of it, but likewise as soon as it appeared in town, it soon invaded new comers, those who never had the disease before, and country people when they came to town, while those who remained in the country escaped it, as likewise did those who had formerly felt its dire effects, though they walked about town, visited the sick in the different stages of the disease, and attended the funerals of those who died of it. And lastly, whenever the disease appeared here, it was easily traced to some persons who had lately arrived from some of the West
Indian Islands, where it was epidemical. "Although the infection was spread with great celerity through the town, yet if
anyone from the country received it in the town and sickened on his return homo, the infection spread no further, not even so much as to one in the same house." In 1800 Dr. Ramsey of South Carolina, writing to Dr. Miller of New York, says: "There is but one opinion among the physicians and inhabitants of Charleston as to the origin of yellow fever here, and that is, that the disease was neither imported nor contagious." Unfortunately for the south this became the accepted doctrine of the medical profession of our section under the domination of Rush and La Roche of Philadelphia, and Barton of New Orleans. Such is the power of authority to trammel research. To even question the local origin theory of yellow fever was regarded as heresy. Convinced of the correctness of the domestic origin of this disease the profession of medicine for decade upon decade made no effort to trace its origin to foreign sources. If a bold, scientific brother pointed out facts which incontestably proved that the fever followed importation of cases from foreign sources he was ridiculed, and his convincing array of facts considered the theory of a crank. To show the predilection men have for preconceived opinions, I cite the fact that even so late as 1876, in so learned a medical profession as Savan nah--admittedly one of the ablest in the south, all of the physicians of that city who appeared before the state board of health except two, Drs. Duncan and Elliott-- affirmed their conviction that the yellow fever epidemic of that year originated from unsanitary conditions, in and around the city, together with meteorological peculiarities. One of these learned men seriously claimed that "malarial poison and the effects of extraordinary heat produce yellow fever." Other physicians contend that the rice fields produce yellow fever, others attribute it to filthy sew ers and stagnant filth in canals, on the surface of the streets, lots, etc., while others insist that the disease originates from excavations of the soil of cities, etc., etc.
The reason of all this confusion is the failure to discriminate between origin and propagation. They are as different as day and night. The old theory of causation of yellow fever in America by annual importation from foreign sources has been demonstrated to be true by the researches of modern medicine. The germ theory of disease has thrown a flood of light on this long mooted point. While the germ of yellow fever is to the present hypothetical--no microscopist having ever detected it, or demonstrated its existence, yet the profession of medi cine of to-day is practically a unit in regarding it a germ disease, i. e., that its origin is due to a specific germ, microbe, as is smallpox, typhoid fever, cholera, etc. One of the fixed certainties of modern microbiology is the inconvertibility of germs, i. e., that every disease germ is the product of a previous germ, and this germ is peculiarly the causative agent only of one disease, and this germ cannot under any condition or conditions cause any other disease. There is no such thing
as spontaneous generation of living organisms. II--9

MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.
At the birth of a germ or germs whether development and multiplication will ensue depends upon finding lodgement in a suitable soil. In other words, the environment must be suited to the necessities of that particular seed, germ. But without the parent germ there can be no subsequent one, and the progeny will be identical with the parent. As corn invariably produces corn only, so does the germ of yellow fever, for example, produce yellow fever only. It would be just as easy for the husbandman to grow wheat by planting seed corn, as for the physician to produce yellow fever by sowing the germs or seed of malaria. It never has been done. It never can be. It may be true, as claimed, that the same factors, soil and environment, which favor the growth and multiplication of the germ of malaria, are equally favorable to the growth and multiplication of the yellow fever germ in the city. But this by no means proves their identity. The same factors, soil and environment, are alike favorable to the growth of wheat and oats, yet they are two separate and distinct entities. It is true that yellow fever usually prevails in localities where malarial fevers exist, but malaria prevails in thousands of localities where yellow fever has never been known. Yellow fever is pre-eminently an urban disease, malaria is pre-eminently a rural disease. The poison of malaria is not portable, that of yellow fever is markedly so. Malaria prevails annually in a malarial locality, yellow fever rarely ever does. One attack of yellow fever is protective against a second manifestation of the disease, one Attack of malaria makes the individual more susceptible to a second attack than if he had never had the first one.
Twenty years ago Parkes said: "During the last few years the progress of inquiry has entirely disconnected yellow fever from malaria, though yellowness of the skin is a symptom of malarious fevers. Yellow fever is a disease of cities and parts of cities, being often singularly localized, like cholera. In the West Indies it has repeatedly attacked a barrack (at Bermuda, Trinidad, Barbadoes, Jamaica), while no other place in the whole island was affected. In the same way (at Lisbon, Cadiz, and many other places), it has attacked only one section of a town, and, occasionally, like cholera, only one side of a street. In the West Indies it has repeatedly commenced in the same part of a barrack. In all these points, and in its frequent occurrence in non-malarious places, in the exception of highly malarious places, in its want of relation to putrifying foecal and other animal matters, its cause differs entirely from malaria. If these points were not f-ufficient, the fact that the agent or poison which causes yellow fever is portable, can be carried and introduced among a community, and is increased in the bodies of those whom it attacks, indicates that the two agencies of yellow fever and malarial fevers are entirely distinct
"That great point being considered settled, the inquiry into the conditions of spread of yellow fever becomes easier. The points to seize are its frequent and regular localization and its transportation. The localization at once disconnects it vith any general atmospheric wave of poison, it is no doubt greatly influenced by temperature, and is worse when the temperature is above 70 degrees Fahrenheit; though it will continue to spread in a colder air than was formerly supposed, it does not spread rapidly, and appears to die out, but even temperature does not cause it to become general in a place."
Meteorological conditions, coupled with unsanitary surroundings, putrefact<on of vegetable and animal substances vitiate the atmosphere of cities--this atmosphere is impure from a sanitary point of view, but such an atmosphere con tains no single element, or combination of elements, capable of originating yellow fever. Another element must be added to this impure atmosphere before the disease is generated therein, that element is the germ or seed of this malady. This is the leaven that leaveneth the whole lump. It appears in American cities in only

MEDICAL HISTORY.

13!

three ways, one or all in combination, i. e.: I. An atmosphere charged with yellow fever germs contained in vessels, cars, etc. 2. Yellow fever fomites, i. e., germs, in the baggage of passengers recently arrived from an infected locality. 3. By persons having imbibed the disease in an infectious locality and falling ill of the malady after reaching the non-infected city. In this latter instance the germs multiply in the body of the yellow fever patient, and after leaving the body multi ply in the atmosphere in sufficient number to make it infectious. It has never been demonstrated how the yellow fever germ finds exit from the body of the patient The late Dr. Parkes of England, admittedly the highest sanitary authority in the world, was probably correct in calling it ''a foecal disease." On this point he says: "The localizing causes are evidently connected with accumulation of excreta round dwellings, and overcrowding. Of the former there are abundant instances, and it is now coming out more and more clearly that, to use a convenient phrase, yellow fever is a foecal disease. And here we find the explanation of its locali sation in the West Indian barracks in the olden time. Round every barrack there were cesspits open to the sun and air. The evacuations of healthy and sick men were thrown into the same places. Grant that yellow fever was somehow or other introduced, and let us assume (what is highly probable) that the vomit and foecal matters spread the disease, and it is evident why at St James' barracks at Trinidad, and at St. Ann's barracks at Barbadoes, men were dying by the dozens, while at a little distance there was no disease. The prevalence on board ship is as easily explained; granted that yellow fever is once imported into the ship, then the conditions of spread are probably as favorable as in the most crowded city, planks and cots get impregnated with the discharges, which may even find their way into the hold and bilge. No one who knows how difficult it is to prevent such impreg nation in the best hospitals on shore, and who remembers the imperfect arrange ments on board ship for sickness, will doubt this. Then, in many ships, indeed in almost all in unequal degrees, ventilation is most imperfect, and the air is never cleansed."
Thorough drainage, sewerage and scavenging of a city no doubt markedly decrease its liability to infection from yellow fever when the germ of the disease has been introduced. Thorough drainage dries the soil and atmosphere, thereby decreasing the vitality of the yellow fever microbes; perfect sewerage promptly and efficiently removes all liquid household filth beyond the inhabited area, which liquid filth would, in the absence of sewerage, be thrown upon the street or lot surface there to putrefy and furnish pabulum for these microbes. Thorough scav enging promptly and efficiently removes the solid filth of a community and thereby robs these microbes of food from this source. Yet with all this perfection of sani tary administration should yellow fever patients be admitted into such a com munity, even though they had been divested of all fomites before being admitted, there is still marked and unquestionable danger of infection of the atmosphere unless all dejecta of such patients be thoroughly disinfected immediately that they leave the body, for as has already been shown, the microbes of yellow fever grow and multiply in the body of the patient and pass out in the dejecta, to find even more favorable growth and multiplication in media external to the body of the living host. Medical history has, however, indubitably proven the fact that yellow fever does not always infect a city even when a number of persons sick of the disease, and bringing with them yellow fever fomites, are admitted. Indeed, history shows that in the majority of such cases no spread of the malady results. Yet the fact that infection is the exception and non-infection the rule, furnishes no justification for admitting these persons and fomites into a community, for it

132

MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

is not in the power of the most learned sanitarian in the world to foretell at what introduction it will or will not spread and scatter desolation and death in a city. The portability of the poison being proven, the golden rule of prophylax is nonintercourse with infected localities, persons and materials, i. e., that before persons and materials from a city infected with yellow fever can be safely admitted into a community the period of incubation must have passed and all materials thor oughly disinfected, as well as ventilation and disinfection of boats, cars, etc., plying between the infected locality and the healthy one. No fact is better established in medical history than that one determining factor in the propagation and dissemi nation of yellow fever is human intercourse. In the vast majority of epidemics of yellow fever in America infection has been directly traced to arrival of infected boats, cars, fomites or persons. And all of them could be so traced could all the facts be ascertained. It is often impossible to trace the source of the first case of smallpox, scarlet fever, or measles in a community, yet every intelligent physician knows that the poison was imported into the previously non-infected community. The agency of human intercourse in scattering the seeds of this disease is con clusively demonstrated by the fact that medical history is full of examples wherein monasteries, prisons, etc., in the midst of decimating epidemics, have wholly escaped infection by observing the rule of non-intercourse with those outside of their walls. It has been proven over and over again that winds or atmospheric currents have little or no influence in scattering yellow fever from one section of a city to another. The poison travels as rapidly against as with a wind. Almost every epidemic has shown that a certain district, or districts, of a large city had been the field of a general, decimating prevalence of the disease, and few if any cases occurred outside of the infected locality or localities, except such persons as had visited the infected center. Experience has abundantly demonstrated that yellow fever often remains confined to a single square of a city, or a single street, and that the poison does not cross the square or street unless it be carried across by some person visiting the infected place. The progress of the disease has often been known to be arrested by a stream of water or by a high wall.

SCIENTIFIC QUARANTINE ESSENTIAL.
Freedom from yellow fever in America is to be secured only by the adminis tration of a thoroughly scientific quarantine, such as the one inaugurated at New Orleans, La., in 1885, by Dr. Joseph Holt, president of the state board of health of Louisiana. Many years ago quarantine meant the detention of passengers from infected places for forty days on ship board or in a lazaretto. In this day quarantine means the detention of such persons in a properly equipped lazaretto or refuge camp until the period of incubation shall have passed, when, after thor ough disinfection of all fomites, the individuals are allowed to go to their respec tive destinations. Formerly, indeed so late as 1876 in Georgia, mere detention for.forty days was considered sufficient to stamp out infection in a ship, which, by reason of its construction, could not be even ventilated. In very rare instances ignorant and crude efforts were made to disinfect the cabin and forecastle by burning a few pounds of sulphur therein, but the hold, filled with the foreign yellow fever atmosphere and the putrescent bilge, was left unmolested until the vessel was admitted to pratique; to open their hatches at our wharves, there to discharge their long pent-up air, reeking with yellow fever poison, into the atmos phere of the very heart of the city. Mere detention of a vessel, even for a period of twice forty days, did not divest her of her deadly infection. At the end of

MEDICAL HISTORY.

133

eighty days' detention at the quarantine station she was as capable of infecting the
port as if she had never been detained one hour. This fact has been proven over and over again, yet blind adherence to the local origin theory on the part of the port physician caused the mere detention idea to prevail and thus sow the seeds of disease and death in the community. Is it anything strange that yellow fever occasionally visits us? Should we not rather be amazed that we so frequently escaped? Happily all is changed. Modern ship sanitation has eliminated every vestige of cruelty from quarantine, shortened the period of detention, brought order out of chaos, and supplanted failure with success. Ship sanitation under the Holt
system is as scientifically correct and its results as exact as modern antiseptic surgery. Indeed, the system consists of applying to vessels and their contents
exactly the same treatment as is applied by modern antiseptic surgery to hospital wards, patients and fomites. If modern quarantine and germicidal treatment of .ships, railway cars, houses, fomites, etc., together with detention of suspects until the period of incubation shall have passed, is unnecessary and unscientific in war fare against yellow fever, admittedly a portable disease, then modern antiseptic surgery is equally as unnecessary and unscientific. Let it always be remembered that the quarantine system of to-day operated against yellow fever is as necessary, and fully as protective against importation of cholera, typhus fever, measles, smallpox, scarlet fever, etc. Inland cities must wage warfare against infection from yellow fever by absolute non-intercourse quarantine, for the reason that no
city can be expected to erect and maintain detention camps and disinfection appliances at a station on every railway leading into the place. Unless yellow fever refugees have been detained beyond the period of incubation of the disease,
and all fomites thoroughly disinfected before being admitted into a community, it is just as rash and unscientific to admit such refugees and their fomites as it would be for the surgeon to admit a case of erysipelas into a surgical ward. Absolute non-intercourse quarantine operated by inland cities has failed only
when the measure was inaugurated after refugees or fomites had gained admittance prior to the inauguration of the measure. Every fair-minded man must admit that in the past the existence of yellow fever in a city was kept a profound secret
by the authorities until the disease had become epidemic, and before this event numbers of the citizens had caught on to the state of affairs and fled the place, many of these refugees having imbibed the poison, and developed the disease after arriving in the city of refuge, not only these refugees unknowingly infected, but their baggage likewise. Every city owes it as a duty to its neighbors as
well as its citizens to announce the first case of yellow fever immediately that the disease has been diagnosticated. The mere announcement of the first case has no power in itself to cause the disease to extend into an epidemic, but it puts her citizens and neighbors upon notice of impending danger, and enables
them to prepare to meet it in their own way. The law should make it a penal offense for the officials of a city to coinceal from its citizens the existence of yellow fever within its limits. No city has the right to murder her citizens by forcing them to unknowingly dwell amid pestilence for fear of damaging her commercial
interests. The trouble in the past has been that in sanitary matters human life
has been held of inferior value to commerce. Whenever it becomes a question of fostering commerce at the expense of human health and life, commerce should be restrained rather than sow the seeds of pestilence among an innocent people.
Under the enlightened quarantine system of the present, there is no conflict be
tween quarantine and commerce, and no intelligent commercial body in America

134

MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

known to me regard it as a hardship upon commerce. In fact rational quarantine is the all}- of commerce.

PUBLIC HEALTH LAWS--SANITATION.
The sanitary laws of Georgia are general in nature and provide: How and by whom hospitals for contagious diseases may be established. Maritime quarantine, how prescribed and regulated. Towns may establish quarantine. Vessels may he removed to quarantine grounds. Persons escaping quarantine; how dealt with. Masters of vessels must deliver bills of health, etc. Inland passengers to perform quarantine when ordered by authorities to do so, if they come from a place infected with a contagious disease. Duty of pilots before entering vessels. Persons on board of an infected vessel shall observe quarantine. Governor empowered to give orders to prevent the spread of contagious diseases within the state, and make such appointments and regulations concerning the same, as deemed proper by him. Violators of quarantine may be indicted. Per sons concealing smallpox indictable. Fines and forfeitures arising out of violation of quarantine; how disposed of. Performance of quarantine; how certified. Fees of health officer; how paid. Smallpox hospitals may be constructed in towns and counties ir. which the disease appears. Towns and counties may provide necessary regulations to prevent the spread of smallpox. Governor is required to procure the necessary vaccine virus and have it transmitted to the ordinaries of each county for immediate use. These laws are to be found in the code of Georgia, sections 1375 to 1393 inclusive. Nuisances injurious to the public health may be abated under sections 4090 to 4097 inclusive of the code of Georgia. In addition to these sanitary laws certain towns and cities have special grants from the legislature either in charter provisions, or special sanitary laws, to
protect the public health under ordinances enacted by the authorities of these communities.
The principal local boards of health are those of Augusta, Atlanta, Savannah,
Macon, Brunswick and Daricn. The board of health of Augusta is organized under a special act of the legislature, and vested with plenary power to enact and enforce sanitary ordinances in Augusta. "It has power to promulgate and enforce quarantine regulations against all persons coming from localities where infectious and contagious diseases dangerous to the public health exist. The board has quarantine jurisdiction for forty miles surrounding it on all sides within the state of Georgia. It likewise has sole control of the construction and main tenance of the sewerage and drainage systems of the city. The work of the board in Augusta has been most successful, having reduced the death rate from 30 per l.ooo inhabitants in 1871 to 19.61 in 1893. This has been accomplished by vigilant sanitary police of lots, alleys and streets, as well as private and public sewers, prevention and control of contagious and infectious diseases and extension and perfection of the system of sewerage and drainage, etc. Five sanitary inspectors constantly overlook all lots, alleys and streets, sewers, drains, etc. Every sewer in the city is flushed and disinfected twice each month. The outlet to the sewerage system is the Savannah river at lower end of the city limits. The sewerage and
drainage systems are being extended each year, and the beneficial result upon the public health has been strikingly apparent. The board consists of the following members: Eugene Foster, M. D., president; T. D. Coleman. M. D.. G. C. Dugas, M. D., chemist: E. C. Goodrich, M. D.. W. C. Tones, W. B. Young, J. H. Alexander, mayor: G. J. Howard, J. J. Dicks, A. F. Austin, G. R. Lombard and A. J. Barnes, representatives from the city council, and C. S. Bohler.

MEDICAL HISTORY.

135

The board of health of Macon is organized under a special act of the legislature --the law is substantially a copy of the act organizing the Augusta board of health. Rigid sanitary police, prevention and control of contagious and infectious diseases with perfection and extension of the sewerage and drainage systems constitute the main work of the board. Macon is now constructing a separate sewer system for the entire city. This must of necessity greatly improve the public health. The board of health of Macon is constituted as follows: W. R. Winchester, A[. D., chairman; X. G. Gewinner, M. D., chairman pro tern.; I. A. Etheridge, M. D., Max Jackson, M. LX, John Ingalls, Chas. Wachtel, Wm. A. Goodyear, Bridges Smith, secretary.
The board of health of Atlanta is organized under the ordinance of the city council. The board has authority to elect all officials serving under its authority and affix the pay of each. It also has authority to enforce the sanitary ordinances of the city, though it has no power to enact such ordinances. The latter power vests in the city council. The board has plenary authority over the subject of quarantine, personal or otherwise. The board of health of Atlanta is financially better supported than that of any other board in the state--the city of Atlanta expends $63,000 annually for maintenance of her health department. The board of health is constituted as follows: J. F. Alexander,M. D.. president: J. C. Avery. M. D., secretary: F. W. McRae, M. D., R. T. Dorsey, John Tyler Cooper. John B.
Goodwin, A. J. Shropshire. The board of health of Brunswick has only an advisory relation to the city
council. The power to enact sanitary ordinances vests in the latter body. A board of health having only an advisory relation to the city government can never do a highly efficient service in maintenance of the public health, no matter
how honest, faithful and competent the membership of such board may be. An efficient sanitary board must needs be composed of men possessing special knowledge of hygiene, and be vested with adequate power to enact and enforce sanitary regulations. The average councilman is utterly devoid of the technical education necessary to enable him to wisely enact sanitary laws, and this lack of
knowledge of hygiene forbids an intelligent conception of the necessity of strict enforcement of such laws. Again, a board of health should be wholly separated from politics. The defect of the board of health of Brunswick, as also of Savan nah, lies in want of plenary power to enact and enforce sanitary regulations. The boards of health of these two cities are composed of good and tme men, but their powers should be enlarged so- that each of them should possess plenary power in public matters. The members of the board of health of Brunswick are: H. Burford, M. D., president; A. V. Wood, secretary: S. C. Littlefield, C. G. Moore, C. D. Ogg, J. P. Harvey, superintendent, and H. M. Branham, city physician.
Sanitary committee: H. T. Kennon, chairman: A. J. Crovatt, C. Downing. Sanitation in Savannah is under the' supervision of a board of sanitary com
missioners, consisting of the mayor, the health officer, two aldermen and three citizens appointed by the mayor. The sanitary ordinances of the city are enacted by the city council, the board of commissioners' duty being to supervise the administration of all the health laws of the municipality. The commissioners have actively, faithfully, discharged the duties imposed upon them. But the high annual rate of mortality in Savannah shows that there is a vast improvement needful in the sanitation of the city. The commissioners are: Mayor J. J. McDonough, chairman: R. B. Harris, M. D., W. F. Brunner, M. D., health officer: B. I. Purse, M. D., H. Meyers, P. J. O'Connor, J. F. B. Beckwith.
The following tabular statement shows the annual death rate in the three principal cities of the state for the thirteen years--1880 to 1892 inclusive:

136

MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

AUGVSTA.

!

SAVANNAH.

ATLANTA.

i ~-'i ' f -1
1 5^ ^^ YEARS. < Z ^

J5 ' =5

C ""*

C """

.-

<

1880 . 1881 . 1882 . 1883. 1884 . 1885 . 1886 . 1887 1888. 1889 .
1890 . 1891 .
1892 ..

23.36 29.56 24.85 21.45 23.38 20.94 23.97 26.25 2.. 37 21.^3
18.72 19.47

18.62 22.82 18.20 17-65 16.80 14.03 16.48 '7-3' 14.34 13.41
10.83 14.16

21. =2 j 13.56

1-r

i 5^

C.'-~> -- -r

- ii iears. i

<~~

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. _^ es

u

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<|

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~ Years. <

01

-- =s

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o*-1

U

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29.90 ' 1880 34-73 21.29 48-57

38.85 1881 37.29 i 25.00 50.21

33.90 1882 34.84 20.83 49.33

26.53 : 1883 34-75 26.36 32.06 1884 34-38 24.98 30.13 : 1885 28.35 16.66 33.86 , 1886 38.55 ! 21.52

44542538.-..44595003

38.32 1887 33.94 20.80 49-39

31.39 . 1888 26.43 "6-13 39.11

32.25 1889 26.07 16.69 40.29

23.61 1890 31.34 i 19-95 45-79

27.2: | 1891 27.00 18.56 37-3C

32.00 1 1892 27.70 18.00 40.66

l8So 17.08

1881 i 24.66

1882 21. OO

111"888888885346

2211..7343 2104..2836

1887 20.87

1888 20.63

1889 19.87

'890
1891

2223..0157

1892 2O. 12

3 15 "
13.00 19.22 13-84 14. S6 '3-34 13.06
10. IO
14.82 13.13 12-73 15.71 15.25 13-80

c
1|o
3213..7008
3-33 32.20 33-52 31.26 23.71 32.13 35-27 32.72 36.28 30.66

THE STATE BOARD OP HEALTH.
In February, 1875, tne legislature, after persistent efforts of the physicians of the state under the leadership of Dr. J. G. Thomas of Savannah, enacted a law creating "The Board of Health of the State of Georgia." The law required the gov ernor to appoint nine physicians of skill and experience, regular graduates of medicine, and practitioners of not less than ten years, one from each congressional district in the state, who, together with the comptroller-general, and attorneygeneral and state geologist, shall constitute the board of health, to be called the board of health of the state of Georgia, the term of each member being six years. The members of the board received no salary, but the actual personal expenses of each member while engaged in the duties of the board were allowed. The salary of the secretary was $1,000. The principal features of the law organizing the board were as follows: To take cognizance of the interests of health and life among the people of the state; they shall make inquiries in respect to the cause of diseases, and especially epidemics, and investigate the sources of mortality, and the effects of localities, employments, and other conditions upon public health. They shall obtain, collect, and preserve such information relating to deaths, diseases, health, etc., as may be useful in the discharge of its duties, and contribute to the promo tion of the health, or the security of life, in the state of Georgia; and it shall be the duty of all health officers and boards of health in the state to communicate to said state board of health copies of all their reports and publications; also, such sanitary information as may be useful; and said board shall keep record of its acts and proceedings as a board; and it shall promptly cause all proper informa tion in possession of said board to be sent to the local health authorities of any city, village or town in the state which may request the same, and shall add thereto such useful suggestions as the experience of said board may supply; and it is hereby made the duty of said health authorities to supply like information and sug gestions to said board of health: and said state board of health is authorized to require reports and information (at such times, and of such facts, and generally of such nature and extent, relating to the safety of life, and the promotion of health,

MEDICAL HISTORY.

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as its by-laws or rules may provide) from all public dispensaries, hospitals, asylums, prisons and schools, and from the managers, principals and officers thereof; and from all other public institutions, their officers and managers, and from the pro
prietors, managers, lessees, and occupants of all places of public resort in the state; but such reports and information shall only be required concerning matters and particulars in respect of which it may, in its opinion, need information for the proper discharge of its duties. Said board shall, when requested by public authori ties, or when they deem it best, advise officers of the state, county, or local gov ernments, in regard to sanitary drainage, ventilation, and sanitary provisions of any public institution, building, or public place. ' They shall also give all informa tion that may reasonably be requested concerning any threatening danger to
the public health, to the health officers of the ports of Savannah, Darien, Bruns wick and St Mary's, and to the commissioners of quarantine of said ports, and all other sanitary authorities in the state, who shall give the like information to said board; and said board and said officers, said quarantine commissioners and sani tary authorities, shall, as far as legal and practicable, co-operate to prevent the spread of diseases, and for the protection of life, and the promotion of health within the sphere of their respective duties. The board shall have the general supervision of the state system of registration of births, marriages, and deaths; the said board shall recommend such forms of amendments of laws as shall be deemed to be necessary for the thorough organization and efficiency of registration of vital sta tistics throughout the state; the secretary of said board shall be the superintendent of registration of vital statistics, as revised by said board; the clerical duties and safe keeping of the bureau of vital statistics thus created shall be provided for by the comptroller-general of the state, who shall also provide and furnish such apartments and stationery as said board shall require in the discharge of its duties. To make annual reports to the legislature of all its acts, as well as the sanitary condition and prospects of the state; also reports upon vital statistics, and such
other useful information as the board may deem proper, together with sugges tions for any further legislative action or precautions deemed proper for the pro tection of the public health. To require of every practitioner in the state to report to the ordinary of his county all births and deaths occurring in his practice, and affix a penalty for every failure to comply with this law. There was appropriated $1,500 for expenses of the board for the year 1875.
The governor appointed the following physicians as members of the board: J.G.Thomas, Savannah; Benjamin F. Cromwell, Albany; George F. Cooper, Americus; G. W. Holmes, Rome; Henry F. Campbell, Augusta; H. H. Carlton, Athens; F. A. Stanford, Columbus; C. B. Nottingham, Macon; Joseph P. Logan, Atlanta. The above named, together with N. J. Hammond, attorney-general; W. L. Goldsmith, comptroller-general; and George Little, state geologist, constituted the state board of health of Georgia. Dr. J. G. Thomas of Savannah was elected president and Dr. V. H. Taliaferro of Atlanta secretary. During the first year of
its existence the board did valuable work in efforts to educate the people of the state upon questions of public hygiene. One of the first acts of the board after organizing was, as it should have been, to invite the cordial support and co-opera
tion of local boards of health and physicians of the state in its work, and invited suggestions in furtherance of its duties. The first annual report of the board sub mitted Nov. 15, 1875, is a valuable document, embracing 215 pages of printed matter. It contains: Law creating the board; its proceedings and its organiza tion; address to the medical profession; constitution and rules, together with the laws; form of a return of a birth to ordinary; form of a return of a marriage to ordinary; form of a return of a death to ordinary; form of a transcript from ordi-

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nary's record of births: form of a. transcript from ordinary's record of marriages; form of transcript from ordinary's record of deaths: form of ordinary's record of births: form of ordinary's record of marriages; form of ordinary's record of deaths: circular of instructions to ordinaries; report of expenditures; report of vital statistics: books of record of births, marriages, and deaths for secretary's office: report upon the organization and duties of local boards of health. In addi tion to the above, and many valuable suggestions in the minutes as printed, I find the following able papers: "Registration of Sanitation--Their Value," by Henry F. Campbell. M. D.. of Augusta: "The Hygiene of Schools/' by C. J. Notting ham. M. D.. of Macon: "Hygiene of Schools," by F. A. Stanford, M. D., of
Columbus: "The Influence of Trees on Health," by B. F. Cromwell, M. D.,
Albany: "Sale of Poisonous and Other Articles Detrimental to Health," by F. A. Stanford. M. D.. of Columbus: "Poisons--Their Sanitary Condition and Needs in Georgia." by G. F. Cooper. M. D.. Americus; "The Most Effectual Means of Preventing Smallpox in Georgia," by Joseph P. Logan, M. D., Atlanta.

FIRST YEAR'S WORK.
As previously stated, the first year's work of the board was almost wholly of an educational nature, the board wisely realizing the fact that public instruction as to the possibilities and necessities of sanitary measures must always precede the enforcement of sanitary laws. The duty of public instruction was ably dis charged by the board. The act creating the board of health was radically defective in several particulars. First, The law conferred upon the body no power to enforce one single necessary sanitary law already existing, nor did the board possess the power to enact necessary sanitary laws. Its sole power consisted in an advisory relation to the people of the state, with the one power to collect vital statistics. Second. Insufficient funds. The legislature voted the board $1,500 for public health administration in Georgia--including instruction upon hygiene. What a spectacle! A great and powerful state doling out the pitiful sum of $1,500 a year to promote the health of 1.360,000 citizens--a sum not one-third as large as is annually expended in an average-sized county in Georgia to suppress crime within its limits.
During 1876 the board of health continued its labors, to the greatest possible advantage, according to the scope of its powers. The second annual report (1876, a volume of 186 pages) shows in detail the work of the board, and presents sug gestions for additional sanitary laws, and enlargement of the powers of the board. This report also contains all the facts relative to yellow fever in Georgia in 1876, by testimony taken by the board in the various cities in which the disease appeared. In this volume is a valuable and instructive paper from the pen of Dr. Ely McClennan, surgeon of the United States army, on The Relations of Health Boards and Other Sanitary Organizations with Civic Authorities. Also one from Judge B. H. Bigham on Lunacy in Georgia.
The law creating the board was amended in 1876 so as to organize a county board of health in each county to co-operate with the state board. The county boards to have supervision of the santitary condition of their counties respectively, subject to the direction of the state board of health. Every county board was to consist of three members, the ordinary and two practicing physicians, the latter to lie appointed annually by the grand jury of the county. The following coun ties organized boards of health under the law: Campbell, Cherokee, Decatur, Dougherty. Echols. Effingham, Fannin, Fayette, Fulton, Harris, Lowndes, Macon. Mitchell. Monroe. McDuffie, Pulaski, Randolph, Richmond, Rockdale, Troup,

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Quitman. The state board was active in efforts to organize a county board in every county in the state.
While the effort to collect vital statistics was but partially successful, yet the success of the undertaking was as great as could have been reasonably expected. Physicians and laymen had to be educated up to an appreciation of the fact that a complete registration of vital statistics was of fundamental importance to the successful administration of a public health service. Had the board been main tained with sufficient power and money, Georgia would to-day have had a complete record of vital statistics from each county in the state, and would thereby have known the sanitary condition and needs of every community in the state. As a consequence of failure to collect vital statistics, no citizen or official of Georgia has even an approximately correct idea of the prevailing diseases in the various counties, except as they are gathered once each decade by the United States census enumerators, and these, being obtained from non-medical sources, are necessarily inexact. In vain the board labored to educate the legislature to an appreciation of the fact that maintenance of the public health is the greatest element, indeed the first cause of prosperity and wealth to the state. Utterly devoid of appreciation of the possibilities and economy of a public health service, the Georgia legislature,
in 1877, blotted the state board of health out of existence by refusing to vote the paltry sum of $1,500 a year for its maintenance. This one act, resulting from shameful ignorance, has done more to retard the prosperity of the state than any other act done since the settlement of the colony. An examination of the mor tuary record of Georgia for 1880, as compiled from the United States census, shows a total mortality numbering 21,549. Of this number 1,905 died of unknown causes, leaving 19,634 from known causes. I cite the mortality resulting from each of the following diseases: Smallpox, 2; measles, 496; scarlet fever, 31; diph
theria, 488; whooping cough, 650; typhoid fever, 986; malarial fever, 1,050; erysipelas, 60; total, 3,833 deaths from above specified causes. Every one of these diseases, and many others causing a large mortality, are preventable under thor ough sanitation. The state in failing to maintain an efficient public health service is responsible for these deaths. Laying aside the sacredness of human life, let us ascertain the loss to the state in dollars and cents by this neglect to provide and sustain an efficient public health service. Political economists estimate every citizen to be worth to the state $1,000. Taking this as a. basis of calculation, we find an annual financial loss to the state amounting to $3,830,000, resulting from preventable deaths. Sanitarians, from reliable data, have shown that for every preventable death during the year there are five preventable cases of sickness. This would give us 19,165 unnecessary cases of sickness each year. So that count ing the financial value of citizens, the cost of funerals, the loss of time, and expenses consequent upon unnecessary sickness and death in Georgia, amounts to fully $5,000,000 each year. As an evidence of the ''penny wise and pound foolish" policy of Georgia in neglecting the health of her citizens, I cite the fact tnat the epidemic of yellow fever in Savannah in 1876 resulted in a financial loss to that city amounting to $2,500,000. Savannah's loss is the loss of the state. Dam age to Savannah is damage to the entire state. If Georgia would maintain her proper position among the states she must protect the health of her citizens as
the other commonwealths are doing.

INDIFFERENCE TO THE LAWS OF HYGIENE.
One of the chief impediments to the upbuilding of Georgia is the popular impression in northern and western states that yellow fever is one of the endemic

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diseases of our commonwealth. As already shown, this disease is not, and never has been, endemic among us. It is always imported when it reaches us. It is a historic fact that from the settlement of the colony to the present day yellow fever has prevailed less frequently in Georgia than in any northern or southern state bordering the Atlantic and Gulf. It is a fact that the one epidemic in Memphis, Tenn., in 1878, was attended with a mortality three times greater in number than the total mortality from yellow fever in Georgia during her entire history. Yet the authorities of Georgia do not publish these facts to the world and thus remove the unjust and damaging impression that this pestilence is gen erated in our state. Though it may reflect upon the high officials of Georgia, the fact should be published to the world that yellow fever has never existed in Georgia except through ignorance of or indifference to the laws of hygiene. The ignorance and indifference of our citizens in sanitary matters is amazing. Our legislators and governors have vied with the populace in displaying ignorance of or indifference to hygiene. It is a disgrace to Georgia that she has not even the semblance of a state sanitary organization. In this day of rapid transit by steamships and railways distance has been abolished, and through the daily com mingling of states and nations they are really one people. Thus the deadly porta ble diseases of one nation are the common heritage of them all, except as they are restrained by the faithful, intelligent application of sanitary measures. A moment's thought on this subject will convince the most skeptical person of our danger. Let us illustrate it Havana is the hot-bed of yellow fever every year. Individuals can imbibe the poison of the disease in Havana, cross over into Florida, and, by railways, reach almost any state in the union before falling ill of the malady. Individuals can imbibe the poison of smallpox, measles, etc., in France, England, or Germany, travel by steamship to America and reach almost any state in the union before the disease manifests itself. With these established truths of medical science staring us in the face this grand old state--a model .in all things else--does absolutely nothing to protect her citizens against "the pestilence which walketh in darkness and the destruction that wasteth at noonday." A scene occurred two years ago which fully demonstrated the estimate which high officials of Georgia placed upon the health of our people. Yellow fever--a portable dis ease--was prevailing as an epidemic in Florida, and the citizens of infected places, by hundreds, began to crowd into Georgia, bringing with them their infected baggage, and were only stopped by the United States authorities, and detained at camps just within our state until the period of incubation had passed, and alt baggage disinfected. And thus some portion of Georgia was saved from pesti lence. The governor, like his predecessors on similar occasions, went not in person, nor even sent an official, to the state line to protect our people to whom the constitution guarantees protection of the commonwealth in the enjoyment of life, liberty and property. Last year two sluggers went to Florida for a prize fight, and being fearful that the governor would prevent the bout in that state, as he threatened to do, it was rumored that they would cross over the line into Georgia and fight. Immediately after this rumor reached our capital the gov ernor of Georgia opened telegraphic and mail communication with the sheriffs in the counties bordering the Florida line and ordered each of them to summon a posse to arrest the sluggers should they dare to attempt to profane Georgia soil by a prize fight. Not only were the civil authorities instructed to prevent this slugging match, but the governor, as commander-in-chief of the military forces of Georgia, went in person to the rumored seat of war, ordered the military com panies to his aid. threw a military cordon around the Georgia-Florida line, and awaited the appearance of the enemy. But the foe appeared not. In the fash-

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ionable and aristocratic city of Jacksonville, Fla., the sluggers fought, without
molestation from the civic or military powers of our sister state, while the civil
and military forces of Georgia, under personal command of our governor, stood
guard over an enemy who never so much as started for Georgia. After the war was over the governor of Georgia allowed the civil and military forces of the
state to go in peace to their homes. What a picture! An army solemnly sta
tioned, by the governor, and under his personal command, at the Florida line,
to prevent a rumored slugging match in our state, yet the previous year, when
our commonwealth was actually in process of being overrun with yellow fever
refugees from Florida, neither the civil nor military powers of Georgia were com
manded by his excellency, nor even so much as one man sent, to protect our
'people from invasion by one of the most frightful pestilential diseases known
to man. Section 1384 of the code of Georgia reads as follows: "The governor of this state may, by proclamation, whenever he shall deem it necessary, give such
orders to prevent the spread of contagious or infectious diseases within the state,
and make such appointments and regulations concerning the same as shall by him be deemed proper, and be stated in such proclamation, and any person violating such order or regulation may be fined or imprisoned at the discretion of any
court having jurisdiction." Under these facts I think I am justified in insisting
that there is urgent need that the highest officials in Georgia shall be educated into an appreciation of the elemental principles of sanitary civilization.
It is a sacred duty of the state to protect its citizens from foreign invasion by
pestilence, or at least to seek the aid of the general government to render this service. Even though the United States government undertakes this duty the state of Georgia should employ an expert sanitarian to see that everything possible is done to protect her citizens. In the past this duty has been discharged by the various cities, towns and villages for themselves, the state having ignored this sacred trust It is a great wrong for the state to place this burden upon the various communities of Georgia. The state should stand guard over our state lines to repel invasion by epidemic diseases. If this were done the extraordinary expenses of the various cities, towns and villages for this purpose would be annulled. Georgia has four seaports, and, therefore, is in constant danger of invasion by portable diseases brought from foreign countries, unless constant, intelligent, faith ful sanitary surveillance be exercised over these ports. In thus protecting these seaports she will protect the entire state. Let it not be imagined that I consider the prevention of portable diseases the sole function of a properly organized and equipped public health service. Far from it The most urgent need is a sanitary administration which will educate the people upon the possibilities and necessity of private and public hygiene in every community in Georgia, a public health service which can exterminate malaria, prevent pollution of water and soil, drain water logged lands, prevent and stamp out contagious and infectious diseases, etc., etc. Deadly as are contagious diseases, it remains a fact that the vast majority of preventable diseases, diseases which are attended by greatest mortality in the aggregate, are non-contagious. They are diseases to which the people bow sub missively as though they were a necessity, yet as a fact exist only because of neglect of private and public hygiene. Twice in the past eight years the medical profession of the state, together with local sanitary organizations, urged the legis lature to organize, thoroughly equip and maintain a public health service in Geor gia, and the governor in his message last year recommended it, yet the legislature turned a deaf ear to these appeals. Let us hope the next general assembly will show itself wiser than its predecessors. At present no officer of the state is charged with the duty of protecting the public health. Possessing as we do an almost

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matchless climate the intelligent, constant application of the laws of hygiene would render Georgia one of the healthiest places on the face of the globe.

LAWS GOVERNING PRACTICE OP MEDICINE IN GEORGIA.
In 1825 the general assembly at the request of the physicians of the state passed an act organizing a state board of medical examiners of the regular school of medicine. The duty of the board was: To meet annually or oftener, at the call of any three of their members; to elect all officers and fill all vacancies; to be a body corporate, with the right to exercise all the powers usual in such associations that are necessary to their organization, if in conformity to the constitution and laws; to grant licenses to all applicants who under the law are entitled thereto, and to fix the fee therefor when not fixed by law; to prescribe a course of reading to those who study medicine under private instruction which shall be obligatory upon all who may apply to the board for examination; to grant licenses to practice to all physicians of their school who present their diplomas from incorporated medical colleges of Georgia without examination; to grant licenses to all other persons who undergo a satisfactory examination, and to revoke such license whenever satisfactory evidence is produced to said board of irregular and unprofessional practices calculated to discredit the medical profession or to result in injury to the people: to grant license to practice in any particular branch of medicine or to treat any form of disease if satisfied upon the examination that the applicant is thus competent: to grant licenses to apothecaries upon their standing a satisfactory examination as to their knowledge of drugs and pharmacy. Section 1400 provided for the establishment of the board of reformed practice, and section 1402 a penalty for unauthorized practice. Neither board could license persons to practice in a school of medicine different from their own. Physicians belonging to a school of medicine not represented by a board of physicians could practice under their diploma alone, and if they had none, were liable as though they had no license and were required to have one. These boards continued in existence until 1880, when, by act of the legislature, they were abolished. The members of the board of medical examiners of the regular school of medicine were, in 1851: L. D. Ford, Augusta; I. P. Garvin, Augusta: R. W. Moore, Athens; J. Branham, Eatonton; B. F. Keene, Hillsboro; E. A. Broddus, Monticello; H. T. Shaw, Covington; R. Banks, Gainsville: G-D. Phillips, Clarksville; J. Persons, Columbus; W. J. Johnson, Fort Gains; \Y. K. Burroughs, Savannah; J. M. Green, .Maeon; M. A. Franklin, T. Fort, B. A. White, C. J. Paine, T. F. Green, G. D. Case, S. G. White, Milledgeville.

LAW OF 1880.
The act of tlie legislature of 1880 governing the practice of medicine is as follows: Section 1409. (a) Who may practice medicine. Xo person shall prac tice medicine within this state, unless he lias been heretofore legally authorized to do so, or shall be hereafter authorized so to do, by a diploma from an incorporated medical college, medical school or university, and by compliance with subsequent sections of this chapter. Section 1409. (b) "Practice medicine" defined. For the purposes of this chapter, the words "practice medicine" shall mean to suggest, recommend, prescribe, or direct, for the use of any person, any drug, medicine, appliance, apparatus, or other agency, whether material or not material for the cure, relief or palliation of any ailment or disease of the mind or body, or for the cure or relief of any wound, fracture or other bodily injury, or any deformity, after having received or with the intent of receiving therefor, either directly or indirectly, any bonus, gift or compensation. Section 1409. (c) Practitioners must

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register. Every person not lawfully engaged in the practice of medicine within
this state, shall, on or before the first day of December, eighteen hundred and eighty-one, and every person hereafter duly qualified to practice medicine shall, before commencing to practice, register in the office of the clerk of the superior court of the county wherein he resides and is practicing, or intends to commence
the practice of medicine, in a book kept for the purpose by said clerk, his name, residence, and place of birth, together with the authority for practicing medicine, as prescribed in this chapter. The person so registering shall subscribe or verify,
. by oath or affirmation, before a person duly qualified to administer oaths under the laws of this state, an affidavit containing such facts, and whether such authority is by diploma or license, and the date of the same, and by whom granted,
which shall be exhibited to the county clerk before the applicant shall be allowed to register, and which is willfully false shall subject the affiant to conviction and punishment for false swearing. The county clerk to receive a fee of fifty cents for each registration, to be paid by the person so registering. Section 1409.
(d) Must register again on removal. Any registered physician in this state, who may change his residence from one county into another county in this state, shall register within the clerk's office of the county to which he removes and wherein
he intends to reside, and to practice medicine as provided in the preceding section. Section 1409. (e) Penalty for illegal practice. Any person who violates either of the four preceding sections, or who shall practice or offer to practice medicine, without lawful authority, or under cover of a diploma or license illegally obtained, shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and, on conviction, shall be
punished by a fine of not less than one hundred dollars, or more than five hundred, or by imprisonment for not less than thirty or more than ninety days, or both.
The fine when collected shall be paid, the one-half to the person, persons or corporation making the complaint, the other half into the county treasury.
Section 1409. (f) Medical officers excepted. Nothing in this chapter shall apply
to commissioned medical officers of the United States army or navy, or to the United States hospital service, or to legally qualified dentists in the practice of their profession, or to any woman practicing only midwifery.
In 1883 the following amendment to the medical practice act of 1880 was
adopted by the general assembly: Section 1. Be it enacted by the general assembly of the state of Georgia, and it is hereby enacted by the authority of the same, that from and after the passage of this act, section 1409 (a) of the code of
1882 be amended by adding the words, "or has, after attending one or more full terms at a regular chartered medical college, been in active practice of medicine since the year 1806," between the words "university" and ''and." in the fourth
line of said section, so that said section when amended shall read as follows: No person shall practice medicine within this state unless he has been heretofore legally authorized to do so by a diploma from an incorporated medical school or university, or has, after attending one or more full terms at a regular chartered
medical college, been in active practice of medicine since the year 1806, or who was by law authorized to practice medicine in 1806. Section II. Be it further enacted, That all laws and parts of laws in conflict with this act be, and the same
are hereby repealed. The law governing the practice of medicine in this state is the act of 1880, as
amended in 1883. If the intention of the legislature was to suppress quackery,
the law is utterly worthless. In fact, this law should be styled "An act to promote quackery in Georgia." ist. Our law permits any person holding or claiming to hold a diploma in his or her name from an incorporated medical college, school or university, to practice medicine. It is not required that a diploma from colleges

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in other states should have the seal of the commonwealth attached, attesting the fact that the college issuing it is an incorporated medical college under the laws of that state. 2d. Even though the college issuing the diploma may be incor porated, this by no means proves that it is a reputable institution. For many years the celebrated Dr. Buchanan made a business of selling medical diplomas at ten dollars each to whomsoever would buy one of him. His institution was incorporated under the laws of the state in which he lived, yet any person who had never been, inside of a medical college even upon a visit of curiosity, could, for ten dollars, purchase one of these diplomas, move to Georgia and be placed by our law upon the same plane with the most highly educated physician in our state. 3d. Ridiculous as it may seem, yet the fact remains, the person claiming to hold a diploma is not required to exhibit it to the registrar. He merely takes an oath that he has such a diploma, and the clerk of the superior court is com pelled to register him as a legally qualified practitioner of medicine in that county. 4th. Under the law it is not made the duty of any officer to ascertain if or not the oath taken by said licensee is false. What is everybody's business is nobody's business. Therefore the villain is free to palm off upon the unsuspecting citizens of Georgia as a doctor of medicine even though he has never walked into a medical college, or gone to the trouble or expense to purchase one of the Buchanan type. 5th. The law fails to make it the duty of any officer to see that its provisions--as elastic as they are--are carried out As a consequence the state is literally overrun with quacks--many of them permanently located in the various counties of the state, while scores of them travel from county to count}-, and advertise themselves as graduates of the most celebrated schools of the world, and thus, protected by a farcical state law, swindle our citizens. So bold are these quacks that when, in 1893, the Medical Association of Georgia attempted to have a law enacted for a state board of medical examiners, before whom all persons claiming to be graduates in medicine should stand an examina tion in medicine and thus demonstrate their fitness for the high office of physician, quacks sent two of the most distinguished lawyers in Georgia before the legisla ture to protest against the enactment of such a law. One of these lawyers, an elegant gentleman, and an ex-judge, when asked whom he represented frankly avowed that he was "there in the interest of Dr. --------," who is a celebrated quack from Massachusetts. The other lawyer--apparently a pleader for a fee--when asked by members of the legislature who he represented, refused to divulge the name of his client, and, with the cunning of the pleader, replied: "I am here to represent every man, woman and child in Georgia." He misled no one, for his ignorant charges against, and unjustifiable attack upon the regular profession, together with his defense of quackery, but too plainly evidenced the fact that he was the paid attorney of some quack who feared that he and his ilk would no longer be allowed to deceive and swindle the citizens of Georgia. What a mortifying spectacle! Quacks, through paid attorneys, permitted to boldly invade the halls of the general assembly and demand the right under legal protection to carry on their nefarious work. The bill of the State Medical association was the same as that passed by the legislature in December,* 1894, except that the bill proposed in 1893 provided for only one board of medical examiners, before whom all applicants for license to practice medicine in Georgia should appear and demon strate their fitness as physicians. The bill of 1893 contemplated a board com posed of fifteen physicians, thirteen of whom should be from the regular school of medicine, two homeopaths and one eclectic. It provided that homeopaths and eclectics should stand the same examination as required of the regular physicians
The act of 1894 was passed after the first part of this article was written.

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on all the fundamental branches of medicine except materia niedica and thera peutics, but that upon materia medica and therapeutics homeopaths and eclectics should be examined only by the members of the board belonging to these respective schools of medicine.
All the medical colleges of Georgia of the regular school heartily favored the bill and endeavored to secure its passage. The Atlanta Medical college favored the bill, but requested to be exempted from its provisions until 1895. The bill passed the senate, but was killed in the lower house through the influence of ignorant physicians of the regular school of medicine, together with the homeo paths, eclectics and quacks. The laws of Georgia provided a board of pharma ceutical examiners, and requires of every person to stand an examination before the board, and thus demonstrate his competency as a pharmacist before he can
follow that calling.

THE LAW GOVERNING MEDICAL PRACTICE.
In December, 1894, the legislature enacted the following bill, entitled: An act to establish boards of medical examiners for the state of Georgia: to define their duties and powers; to protect the people from illegal and unqualified practitioners of medicine and surgery; to regulate the issuing and recording of licenses; to pre scribe penalties for the violation of this act: and for other purposes. Section i. Be it enacted by the general assembly of Georgia, and it is hereby enacted by authority of the same, that within thirty days after the passage of this act it shall be the duty of the governor to appoint for this state three separate boards of medical examiners of five members each, as follows: One board to consist of five members of the regular school of medicine, one board of five members of the eclectic school of medicine, and one board of five members of the homeopathic school of medicine. The members of each of said boards shall be men learned in medicine and surgery, and of good moral and professional character, and graduates of reputable medical colleges; but none of them shall be members of the faculty of any medical college. Each of said three boards shall be wholly independent of and separate from the other two in the performance of the duties herein required of each of said boards. A majority of each board shall constitute a quorum.
Section 2. Be it further enacted, that the term of office of said members shall be for the term of three years; provided, that two members of each board shall first be appointed for one year, two for two years, and one for three years; and subse quently each appointment shall be for the full term of three years. Any vacancy that may occur in said board, in consequence of death, resignation, removal from the state, or from other cause, shall be filled for the unexpired term by the governor.
Section^. Be it further enacted, that immediately and before entering upon the duties of said office, the members of said board of medical examiners shall take the following oath: "I do swear that I will faithfully perform the duties of a member of the board of medical examiners for the state of Georgia, to the best of my ability, so help me God." And shall file the same in the office of the governor of the state, who, upon receiving the said oath of office, shall issue to each examiner a certificate of appointment.
Section 4. Be it further enacted, that immediately after the appointment and qualification of said members, each board shall meet and organize. The officers of said board shall be a president, vice-president, and secretary (who shall act as treasurer). Said officers shall be members of and elected by their respective boards. Each board shall hold two regular meetings in each year. One meeting shall be held at such time, on or just before graduation day of each medical college now chartered, or that may hereafter be chartered, in this state; and the board of ex-
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aminers, after consultation with the faculty of said college, shall fix a time for its meeting to suit the majority of the students graduating from said college; the
other on the second Tuesday in October. The first meeting shall be held in the city of Atlanta, and the succeeding meetings of each board may be held in such city as each board may determine for itself. Special meetings may be held upon
the call of the president and two members of each board; but there shall not be less than two regular meetings in each year. Each ix>ard may prescribe rules,
regulations, and by-laws for its proceedings and government. And each board shall examine and pass upon the qualifications of applicants for the practice of medicine in this state, as herein provided.
Section 5. Be it further enacted, that it shall be the duty of each board, at any of its meetings, to examine only persons making application to it who are
graduates from an incorporated college, school or university that requires not less than three full courses of study of six months each, who shall desire, to commence the practice of medicine or surgery in the state, and who shall not by the provisions of this act be exempt from such examination; but any person now matriculated
as a student of medicine at any medical college, after graduation, and any person from another state who shall have graduated prior to April i, 1895, at a lawfully chartered medical college requiring only two full courses of study, shall be eligible
for examination and license; provided, always, that the applicants for such exam ination shall have a lawfully conferred diploma from an incorporated medical college which conforms to the system of practice represented by the board to
which the application shall be made, unless the applicants desire to practice a different system from that recognized in his diploma; then he shall appear before the board which represents the system that he proposes to practice. But in no event shall an applicant who stands rejected by one of said boards be examined
or licensed by either of the other boards. If the applicant desires to practice a system not represented by any of the boards hereby established, he may elect for himself the board before which he will appear for examination. When an applicant
shall have passed an examination satisfactory as to proficiency before the board in session, the president thereof shall grant to such applicant a certificate to that effect. A fee of Sio shall be paid to such board, through such officer or member
as it may designate, by each applicant, before such examination is had. In case
an applicant shall fail to pass a satisfactory exmination before the board, he shall not be permitted to stand any further examination before any of the boards within the next three months thereafter. Xor shall he again have to pay the fee prescribed
as aforesaid for any subsequent examination; provided, that when, in the opinion of the president of any board, any applicant has been prevented by good cause from appearing before said board, the president and two members of said board desig
nated by him shall constitute a committee who shall examine such applicant, and may. if they see fit, grant him a certificate, which shall have the same force and
effect as though granted by a full board, when, if the applicant fail to appear for examination, said certificate shall be void.
Section 6. Be it further enacted, that the funds raised from the fees aforesaid
shall be applied by each examining board to the payment of its expenses and to making a reasonable compensation to the president, secretary and members
thereof.
Section 7. Be it further enacted, that before any person who obtains a certificate from am- board, or from a committee of any board, may lawfully practice medicine
or surgery in this state, he shall cause the said certificate to be recorded in the office of the clerk of the superior court in the county in which he resides. But. if he does not reside in the state of Georgia, he shall require said certificate to be
recorded in any county within his state in which he offers to practice. The cer-

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tificate shall be recorded by the clerk, in a book to be kept for that purpose. It shall be indexed in the name of the person to whom the certificate is granted. The clerk's fee for recording a certificate shall be the same as for recording a deed.
Section 8. Be it further enacted, that this act shall take effect from and after the first day of January, 1895, and that it shall be unlawful thereafter for any person to commence the practice of medicine or surgery in this state without complying with the provisions of this act. 'But nothing in this act shall apply to persons now lawfully engaged in the practice of medicine or surgery in the state of Georgia, to any commissioned medical officer or contract surgeon of the United States army or navy or marine hospital service, in the performance of their duties as such, nor to any physician or surgeon residing in any state or territory of the United States, or in the district of Columbia, who may be, bona fide, called in consultation in a special case with a physician or surgeon residing in this state; nor shall this act be construed as affecting or changing, in any way, laws in reference to license tax to be paid by physicians and surgeons; provided, that a non-resident physician or surgeon, called in consultation in a special case, as above prescribed, shall not be permitted to engage in continuous practice or consultation in connection with any resident physician or surgeon under any form of contract or agreement, direct or
indirect. Section 9. Be it further enacted, that any person shall be regarded as practicing
medicine or surgery, within the meaning of this act, who shall prescribe for the sick or those in need of medical or surgical aid, and shall charge or receive money or other compensation or consideration, directly or indirectly; provided, however, that midwives and nurses shall not be regarded as practicing medicine or surgery.
Section 10. Be it further enacted, that any person who shall practice medicine or surgery in this state in violation of the provisions of this act, shall, upon conveiction, be punished as prescribed in section 4310 of the Code of the State of Georgia, for each offense; and it shall not be lawful for him to recover, by action, suit, motion, or warrant, any compensation for services which may be claimed to have been rendered by him as such physician or surgeon.
Section ii. Be it further enacted, that all laws and parts of laws in conflict with this act be, and the same are, hereby repealed.
The bill was promptly approved by Gov. Atkinson, and thus became a law.

BOARDS OP MEDICAL EXAMINERS.
The governor appointed the boards of medical examiners, as follows: Board of examiners for regular school of medicine: F. M. Ridlev, La Grange, three years; J. B. Baird, Atlanta, one year; A. A. Smith, Hawkinsville, two years; E. R. Anthony, Griffin, two years; W. A. O'Daniel, Milledgeville, one year. Homeopathic board: C. C. Schley, Savannah, three years; R. A. Hicks, Rome, one year; M. A. Cleckley, Augusta, two years; Charles A. Geiger, Roswell, two years; E. B. Schley, Columbus, one year. Eclectic board: M. T. Salter, Atlanta, one year; M. K. Phillips, Bremen, two years; John F. Harris, Dalton, two years; J. Frank Harris, Thomas county, three years; W. V. Robertson, Rehobath, Morgan Co., one year.
While there was no necessity whatever for these boards, the law must be grati fying to all friends of higher medical education in Georgia. While the act is imperfect, it is beneficial in that it is a death-blow to short college courses and low standards of medical education. These boards of medical examiners have it in their power to enforce a high standard of medical education among graduates of medicine who shall hereafter enter upon the practice in this state. If the standard of medical education be not raised in our commonwealth, the fault will rest with the examining boards, for they have plenary power in the matter. The appointees to membership

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in these examining boards are reputable and intelligent members of their respective schools of medicine, and to these boards the people of Georgia look for protection against the medical ignoramus, no matter what school of medicine graduates him. Another great benefit of the law, indeed its greatest benefit, is that the horde of unprincipled traveling medical mountebanks can no longer infest the state of Georgia.
MEDICAL. SCHOOLS IN GEORGIA.

The medical college of Georgia at Augusta, now the medical department of the university of Georgia, is the oldest medical college in Georgia. Dr. Milton Antony, of Augusta, was its founder. Dr. Antony's connection with the college is set forth in the biographical sketch of this distinguished man. The college began as the medical academy of Georgia, incorporated by the general assembly in 1828. The trustees were: Drs. W. R. Waring, John Carter, Lewis D. Ford, 1. P. Garvin, B. A. White, J. G. McWhorter, W. P. McConnel, W. H. Weems, W. P. Graham, T. P. German, A. Jones, Milton Antony, J. I. Boswell, Thomas Hoxey, J. P. Screven, W. C. Daniel, Richard Banks, Henry Hull, John Dent, Thomas
Hamilton, Nathan Crawford, O. C. Foot and John Walker. On March 3, 1829, the trustees of the medical academy of Georgia met in the council chamber; Dr. Thomas Hoxey was called to the chair, and Dr. I. P. Garvin appointed secretary. There were present Drs. Antony, Ford, Crawford, Banks and Jones. The follow ing were elected professors of the academy: Lewis D. Ford, M. D., professor of materia medica, chemistry and pharmacy; Milton Antony, M. D., professor of institutes and practice of medicine, and midwifery and diseases of women and children; William R. Waring, M. D., professor of anatomy and surgery.
The act authorized the trustees "to establish within the corporate limits of the city of Augusta a medical academy for the state of Georgia, on such principle, and under such rules and regulations, and with such professors, instructors and officers as may be best calculated to perpetuate the same, and promote the im provement of its pupils in the several branches of the healing art." It was further provided that the trustees should annually assemble at the medical academy for an examination into its affairs, five to be a quorum, and that the said "trustees, together with the regular professors and teachers in the institution, shall constitute a board of examination to decide on the merits of such candidates as may have studied in the said institution at least once a year, and complied with all the conditions imposed by the board of trustees as preliminary to such examination, and confer the degree of bachelor of medicine on such as in their judgment may be worthy of the same." The trustees were to keep a record "in which shall be registered the name, age and place of nativity of each and every person who shall receive from this institution the degree of bachelor of medicine, and the time when the said degree was conferred, together with the names of the board of examination present." The trustees were allowed to hold real and per sonal property for the uses of the medical academy to the amount of $100,000. and the graduates of the institution were to be allowed to practice medicine and surgery as if licensed by the state board of physicians.
By an act of the legislature passed Dec. 19, 1829, the name "Medical Academy of Georgia" was changed to "the Medical Institute of the State of Georgia," and the trustees of the institution were empowered "to confer the degree of doctor of medicine upon such applicants, in such manner, at such times, and under such circumstances as may to the said board seem fit and proper, provided that the degree of doctor of medicine shall in no case be conferred on any person who shall not have attended two full courses of lectures in the institute, or one course in

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some other respectable medical college or university, and one in the institute in ad dition to the usual term of private instruction required by other institutions of a like kind." The meeting of the board on April 9, 1832, added three more pro fessorships, making a faculty of six: Milton Antony, professor of obstetrics and diseases of children; L. A. Dugas, professor of anatomy; J. A. Eve, professor of materia medica and therapeutics; L. D. Ford, professor of chemistry and phar macy; Paul E. Eve, professor of surgery; John Dent, professor of practice of medicine. The first commencement exercises occurred on April 17, 1833, at the institute, on the lot now occupied by the Widows' home. The address was delivered by A. B. Longstreet, Esq., the president of the board, the first graduates being: Isaac Bovven, Edward A. Eve, Thomas W. Grimes and John McD. Bor ders. The number of matriculates was thirty. The institution continued to succeed, and in 1833 the name was changed to the "Medical College of Georgia." By an act passed Dec. 20, 1833, the name "the Medical Institute of the State of Georgia" was changed to "the Medical College of Georgia," which it has since retained. The act appropriated $10,000 "for the purpose of enabling the board of trustees of said institution to procure a suitable piece or lot of land, erect thereon such buildings, and make such other improvements as may be necessary for the various purposes of a medical college, and to procure a suitable library, apparatus and museum for said institution, and such other things as may be necessary to the proper and successful operation of the same." It was also pro
vided that fifty lots on the town commons of Augusta, to be designated by the city council, should be sold and the proceeds paid over to the college. By an act passed in 1826 the bank of Augusta was empowered to increase its capital
stock up to $600,000, one-sixth of an increase made to be reserved to the state at par up to the end of the legislative session ensuing such increase, and by act of
Dec. 23,1835, the medical college of Georgia was given the same rights of priority and all advantage derivable therefrom as to the increased stock .of this bank as the state had under the act of 1826. The donation from the latter source was estimated to be $25,000. The city council of Augusta donated the sum of $5,000 to the college, and the members of the college faculty subscribed $10,000 to the enterprise. The trustees of the academy of Richmond county donated the lot on which the building stands. With these several sums of money the trustees erected
an elegant Grecian Doric building, divided into a library room, three lecture rooms, a chemical laboratory, anatomical rooms, biological laboratory and museum. The building was erected in 1835. The library of the college numbers 5,000 volumes. The museum is one of the largest and most valuable among the colleges of
America, consisting in part of anatomical and pathological specimens, many of which were purchased in Europe. The biological laboratory is thoroughly equipped
for practical work in physiology and pathology. After Dr. Antony's death the faculty was constituted as follows: George M.
Newton, M. D., dean of faculty and professor of anatomy; L, A. Dugas, M. D., professor of physiology and pathological anatomy; Alexander Means, M. D., professor of chemistry and pharmacy; Paul F. Eve, M. D., professor of principles
and practice of surgery; Joseph A. Eve, M. D., professor of obstetrics and dis eases of women and infants: Lewis D. Ford, M. D., professor of principles and practice of medicine: I. P. Garvin, M. D., professor of therapeutics and materia medica; Henry F. Campbell, M. D., demonstrator of anatomy. This college has an early and most creditable record on the subject of higher medical education.
The late Prof. Joseph A. Eve, in an address before the class of the college in 1848,
paid on this subject: When this college was organized, the faculty and trustees, especially the

MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.
illustrious founder, Dr. Milton Antony, deplored the defectiveness of the system of medical education in the colleges of the United States, and earnestly endeavored to correct it They recognized the shortness of the collegiate term as the principal and radical defect, and in fact the foundation of all or nearly all the rest
So zealous were our trustees and faculty for reformation--so determined at all hazards to effect it--so confident were they of the approbation and support of the liberal and enlightened members of a liberal and learned profession, that they extended their regular collegiate course from the usual term of four, to six full months, no portion being taken up by preliminary lectures not included in the regular course. Trusting that the advantages of the long term would be ap preciated and acknowledged by physicians and students, they persevered, but with little encouragement or patronage, to lecture six months, for five successive "years. Although all professed to approve their plan, very few were found willing to remain here six months when they could accomplish the same object, the acquisition of a degree in other schools, in four; for, unfortunately, with too many, a diploma appears to be the loftiest object of aspiration--the determining motive in attending lectures--when it should be regarded as a trivial circumstance, only a secondary and unimportant consequent thereon, as the mere shadow to the sub stance. They had the mortification to lecture to seats almost vacant, and to be hold medical students hastening in crowds to fill the halls of four months' colleges. Convinced by fair experiment that they could not effect a reformation without a concurrence of other medical institutions, in 1835 they addressed a circular to all the colleges in the United States, suggesting to them the propriety of a conven tion to consider the subject of reform and to adopt some plan for the accomplish ment of that great and desirable object In this circular it was proposed, in compliment to the university of Pennsylvania, the oldest college in the United States, to leave the time of meeting, the number of delegates from each college, etc., to be determined by them. From some colleges replies were received favor able to the proposed object Some expressed themselves as disinclined to make any innovation, whilst others, unwilling to commit themselves, remained silent Great hope was entertained that the university of Pennsylvania would be found ready to second the enterprise, but this expectation was not realized; the replyreceived from that university is as follows: Philadelphia, Nov. 15, 1845.--Dear Sir: Shortly after the receipt of yours of May 19, I informed you of the fact, and of my intention to lay the communication on the subject of modifying the terms of admission into the profession of medicine before the medical faculty at their first business meeting. Having lately executed this promise, I have now to state that the medical faculty, after giving it full consideration, have thought it better for each school to adopt such regulations as might suit its particular views, than to enter into any general obligations on the subject when there exists no compe tent power to prevent their violation. I am, very respectfully, your obedient serv ant, W. E. Horner, dean, etc.
Last year. 1847. tne university of Pennsylvania extended their regular course of lectures to five months, with an additional month of preliminary lectures uncon nected with the former, since which they have claimed priority of movement in establishing a six months' course, and called on the profession to sustain them in this effort. Can they do this with justice? Disappointed in their endeavors t:> induce other schools to come up to a higher standard, the faculty of the college were at last compelled to come down themselves and adopt the four months* term, and content themselves with remodeling and improving their course of lectures-- making their examinations more rigid, and requiring higher qualifications in their graduates. After the adoption of the four months' term their classes increased

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rapidly, far beyond the expectations of their most sanguine friends. But the Medical college of Georgia have never been satisfied with success based upon the abandonment of the principal and distinctive advantage in their own, and the adoption of what they condemn as a radical defect in the system of instruction in other colleges. They have been reluctantly constrained to submit, by the force
of circumstances which they could not control; but they have ever anxiously awaited opportunity to return to their original plan. With joy they heard in 1846 a call made, by a physician in New York, to assemble a convention of professors and physicians, and with deep regret an illiberal endeavor to frustrate it, by a
professor in the same city. They have been ever ready to co-operate in any enterprise for the improvement of medical education, and to adopt any practicable measures that might be proposed by the convention.
Opposed to reformation, as our northern brethren appeared to be, when the call was made from the south, we rejoice to find they have awakened to its impor
tance and become convinced of its necessity. The meeting of the National associa tion at Baltimore in May afforded an excellent opportunity to ascertain the views of the profession on this subject. Among physicians unconnected with colleges
there was but one sentiment; among professors, too, there was great unanimity with respect to the necessity for reform, but some differences as to the means
by which it should be accomplished. The American Medical association at this meeting confirmed the following resolutions, which had been adopted by the National Medical convention in Philadelphia, May, 1847: "Resolved, First, that it be recommended to all the colleges to extend the period employed in lecturing from four to six months."
The Medical college of Georgia have prolonged their lectures to five months, the longest period to which any college have extended their term, exclusive of pre liminary lectures not essential to or connected with the regular course. They would have gladly complied with the recommendation of the convention from the very first and to the very fullest extent; but it is not surprising that they should
be cautious in resuming a position from which they have been compelled to retreat, after a self-sacrificing struggle of five years, until it could be ascertained whether there would be a concurrence of any other schools in the south and west:
they, determined, however, after the meeting of the association they would adopt the five months' course. Six months would have been preferable, but prudence had been taught by experience--they were content to take one step at a time.
From the above it will be seen that to the Medical college of Georgia is due the distinction of being the first American medical college to insist upon six months' course of lectures, and an endeavor to make this the rule of practice in all American colleges, and only gave up the struggle after five years of fruitless endeavor to enlist the co-operation of other colleges. Several years after the war it reduced the length of session to four months, but soon after it resumed the five months' session.
In May, 1893, the faculty of the school was reorganized. The faculty imme diately determined to elevate the standard of medical education, to enlarge its clinical facilities, and to make several important changes in its curriculum. The course of the present year differs from that of previous years in several particulars. First: Preliminary education. The following are the existing requirements for ma triculation: A student applying for matriculation must possess the following quali fications, viz.: He must hold a certificate as a pupil of some known reputable phy sician showing his moral character and general fitness to enter- the study of medicine, and he must possess a diploma of graduation from some literary or scientific institution; or a certificate from some legally constituted high school,

152

MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

the general superintendent of some county board of public schools, attesting the fact that he has at least the educational attainments required of a second grade teacher of public schools. Provided, however, that if a student is unable to furnish the foregoing documentary evidence of literary qualifications, he may by a prelim inary examination satisfy the faculty that he is possessed of these attainments, and if he fails in this he may be permitted to matriculate and receive medical instruction as other students and qualify himself in the required literary depart ments and stand the examination as above specified prior to offering himself for graduation. Second: Requiring three courses of six months each, instead of t\vo courses of five months. Third: Graded course.
First course students are required to attend lectures and instruction in the following departments only, viz.: Anatomy, physiology, chemistrjiand materia medica and therapeutics, and are not required to attend clinics, but may do so if they so desire.
Second course students, in addition to the above, must attend all the lectures :ii:d ail clinic*. At the end of this course the student must apply for final exam ination in anatomy, physiology, theoretical chemistry, and materia medica and therapeutics. If he fails to pass any or all of these examinations satisfactorily, he may come up again at the end of the third course.
Third course students, who have passed satisfactory final examinations on anatomy, physiology, theoretical chemistry and materia medica, are not obliged to attend lectures on these branches, but must attend all other lectures and all clinics, and take laboratory courses in histology, pathology, operative surgery and prac tical chemistry. Each student is required to dissect every part of the body. The dissecting should be done during the first and second courses.
Requirements for Graduation.--A candidate for the degree of doctor of med icine must be twenty-one years of age, of good moral character, and have attended three courses of lectures of not less than six months each in three different years, the last of which shall have been in this college. (This does not apply to those students who have attended a full course of lectures before the session of 1893-94, and apply at the end of the session of 1894-95.) A student who has attended two full courses of lectures on anatomy, physiology, theoretical chemistry, materia inedica and therapeutics, must conic up for final examination on these branches at the end of the second course. A candidate for graduation must show satis factory evidence of having dissected every part of the human body and taken the prescribed laboratory courses in histology, pathology, chemistry and operative surgery. Hygiene, medical jurisprudence, practical microscopy and practical pharmacy have been added to the curriculum. The didactic and clinical instruc tion in this school is equal to that of any medical college in the south. The clinical advantages are greater here than in any southern school known to me. The City hospital, the Freedman's hospital, the jail, the Medical and Surgical j>olyclinic and two medical dispensaries are under the sole control of the faculty of the college.
In August. 1872. by formal action of the board of trustees of the university of Georgia, the Medical college of Georgia, at Augusta, was constituted the medical department of the university of this state, and it still holds this position. The graduates from this college number 2.000, among whom are many of the most eminent medical men in the south. Many graduates of this school have held, and now hold, professorships in some of the most renowned medical colleges in this section of the United States.
This school has numbered among its teachers some of the ablest men known to American medicine. Such men as L. A. Dugas, Lewis D. Ford, Henry F.

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Campbell, Paul F. Eve, Joseph A. Eve, Milton Antony and George M. Newton. The present faculty is constituted as follows: Wm. E. Boggs, chancellor, D. D., LL. D, Athens; Geo. W. Rains, M. D., LL. D., Augusta, emeritus professor of chemistry; DeSaussure Ford, A. M., M. D., Augusta, professor of the principles and practice of surgery; Thos. R. Wright, M. D., Augusta, professor of operative and clinical surgery, dean; Theodore Lamb, M. D., Augusta, professor of the principles of medicine and diseases of the chest; Wm. H. Doughty, Jr., A. B., M. D., Augusta, professor of anatomy and clinical surgery; Geo! A. Wilcox, M. D., Augusta, professor of materia medica and therapeutics and gynecology; Eugene Foster, M. D., Augusta, professor practice of medicine and state med icine; James M. Hull, SI. D., Augusta, professor of optli'almology, otology and laryngology; Thomas D. Coleman, A. B., M. D., Augusta, professor of physiology and pathology, secretary; Joseph E. Willett, A. M.. M. D., Ph. D., LL. D., Augusta, professor of chemistry and pharmacy; Joseph Eve Alien, M. D., Augusta, professor of obstetrics and pediatrics.
The Atlanta Medical College.--This institution was organized in 1854 with the following corps of professors: Horace Xelson, M. D., of Xe\v York, professor
of anatomy; John W. Jones, M. D., of Auburn, Ala., professor of theory and practice of medicine; Willis Westmorland, formerly of this state, but for some time past resident at' Paris, France, professor of surgerv; James M. Gordon, M. D., of Savannah, Ga., professor of surgery; John S. Duval, M. D., of Texas, pro fessor of chemistry; R. A. T. Ridley, M. D., La Grange, Ga., professor of physi
ology and pathological anatomy; John B. Calhoun, M. D., of Xewnan, Ga., professor of surgical anatomy and medical jurisprudence; John G. Westmoreland, M. D., of Atlanta, Ga., professor of materia medica. In 1855 the faculty was reorganized, and constituted as follows: A. H. Buchanan, M. D. (of the Xashville university), professor of anatomy; W. F. Westmoreland, M. D., professor of surgery; John W. Jones, M. D., professor of practice; Jesse Boring, M. D., professor of obstetrics; Joseph P. Logan, M. D., professor of physiology; Henry W. Brown, M. D., professor of chemistry; J. G. Westmoreland, M. D., professor of materia medica and therapeutics; S. W. Anthony, M. D., demonstrator of anatomy.
"The Southern Medical and Surgical Journal," October, 1855, has the follow ing notice of the college: "The Atlanta Medical college has recently closed its first session, having a respectable class of seventy-eight students. The trial of a summer session has therefore proved to be quite a successful experiment. Its faculty deserves much credit for their laudable zeal, and have every reason to be gratified at the result of their efforts." This college continued a successful career until the civil war, when, in common with all southern colleges, it suspended until hostilities closed. The college was then re-organized, and for years has been, and is now, more prosperous than any of the Georgia medical colleges. Throughout the career of this institution it has numbered among its faculty some of the most distinguished practitioners and teachers in the United States. The college building is a handsome, commodious structure: divided into lecture rooms, pathological laboratory, chemical laboratory, practical anatomy rooms, museum, t-tc. The course embraces the entire domain of medicine, including practical training in chemistry and microscopy. Clinical medicine is duly appreciated, and abundant clinical instruction imparted to tho student through the clinics at the college building and the Grady hospital, five of the members of the college
faculty being on the visiting staff of the Grady hospital. The catalogue for 1804-1895 states the requirements of the institution for
graduation of students to bo as follows:

MJSMOIRS OF GEORGIA.
Requirements for Graduation, Session 1894-5.--The candidate must be twentyone years of age, of good moral character, and must present to the proctor the requisite evidence of having studied medicine three years, inclusive of attendance upon lectures. He must have attended two courses of lectures of five months-each in two separate years, in a recognized medical college, the last of which shall have been in this institution. He must present to the proctor, by the first of February, a thesis of his own composition, and in his own handwriting, on thesis paper, on a medical subject. The amount of graduation fee must be deposited with the thesis; in case of failure to pass a satisfactory examination, the money will be refunded. A report of any of the clinics will be accepted in lieu of the ordinary thesis. He must pass a satisfactory examination on anatomy, physiology, chemistry, materia medica, practice and general pathology, obstetrics and diseases of women and children, diseases of the eyes, ear and throat, surgery and physical diagnosis.
Educational Requirements.--First course students at martriculation will be required to give satisfactory evidence to the faculty of such educational qualifica tions as will be deemed necessary for the successful prosecution of their medical studies. These requirements will be similar to those of other reputable medical colleges in this country. But if a student so applying be unable to furnish evidence of such literary qualifications, he will be permitted to martriculate and prosecute his medical studies, and be allowed to qualify himself prior to application for graduation.
*The Last Session of the Two Years' Course.--Recognizing the demands of the present day for a higher standard of medical education and a more thorough preparation for the practice of medicine, the Atlanta Medical college will hereafter require attendance upon three courses of instruction as a preliminary to gradua tion. This requirement will be applied only to students who take their first course of lectures subsequent to the issue of this catalogue. Students who have already attended one course of lectures in a regular medical college in good standing will be allowed to graduate after attending the session of 1894-95 in this college and passing a satisfactory examination.
Faculty.--A. \V. Griggs, II. D., emeritus professor of practice; William Abrain Love, II. D., professor of physiology and pathological anatomy; A. W. Calhoun, M. D., LL. D., professor of diseases of the eye, car, nose and throat; H. V. M. Miller, M. D., LL. D., professor of principles and practice of medicine, and dean of the faculty: W. S. Armstrong, M. D., professor of anatomy and clinical surgery; J. S. Todd, M. U., professor of materia medica and therapeutics; Virgil O. Hardon, il. D., professor of obstetrics and diseases of women and children; Louis H. Jones, A. M., M. D., professor of general and medical chemistry and medical jurisprudence: W. F. Westmorland, M. D., professor of principles and practice of surgery: W. S. Kendrick, M. D., professor of clinical medicine and physical diagnosis, and proctor.
Southern Medical Institution.--This institution is located in Atlanta. It has had a prosperous career during the sixteen years of its existence. The building' is of modern construction, commodious and fully equipped for advanced medical teaching. The course of instruction will cover a graded course of three terms of lectures of six months each, in three seperate years, divided between the years as follows: First year.--Anatomy, chemistry, physiology, materia medica, histology, and microscopy. Second year.--Anatomy, chemistry, physiology, materia medica, surgery, pathology and pathological anatomy, practice of medicine and obstetrics. Third year.--Surgery- and clinical surgery, medicine and clinical medi cine, operative surgery and venereal diseases, obstetrics and gynecology, diseases
This action was taken prior to'enactment of bill for state board of medical examiners.

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of the eye, ear, throat and nose, bacteriology and urinary analysis. Students who
so desire can stand examinations at the end of the second term and receive
certificates of proficiency in the branches of anatomy, tnateria medica, physiology
and chemistry. No further examinations will then be required in these studies.
Clinical instruction in this institution is furnished from two sources. First, the clinics held daily in the college building; second, Grady hospital. Two members
of this faculty are members of the visiting staff of Grady hospital. Clinical
material is abundant in quantity at this school. The faculty is an able one, and the course of instruction is thorough.
Requirements for Matriculation.--Every student applying for matriculation
must possess the following qualifications: He must hold a certificate as the pupil of some known reputable physician, showing his moral character and general fitness to enter upon the study of medicine. He must possess a diploma of graduation from
some literary or scientific institution of learning, or certificate from some legally constituted high school, general superintendent of state education, or superintendent of some county board of public education, attesting the fact that he is. possessed of at least the educational attainments required of second grade teachers of public schools; provided, however, that if a student so applying is unable to furnish the above and foregoing evidence of literary qualifications, he may be permitted to matriculate and receive medical instruction as other students, and qualify himself in the required literary departments, and stand his required examination as above specified prior to offering himself for a second course of lectures. The foregoing diploma or certificate of educational qualifications, attested by the dean of the medical college attended, together with a set of tickets, showing that the holder has attended one full course of medical lectures, shall be essential to attendance upon a second course of lectures.
Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Medicine.--i. The candidate must
be twenty-one years of age, of good character, and must have attended three full courses of lectures of six months each in a medical school recognized by this insti tution, the last of which shall have been in this college. 2. He must have dissected the different parts of the body in this or some other regular medical school during two terms of lectures. 3. He shall undergo a personal and satisfactory examination before the faculty. This examination must take place at the close of the session. 4. He must have attended, actually, three-fourths of each course of six months spent in this school, as required by the laws of Georgia. 5. He must have settled all indebtedness to the college, as shown by the books of the proctor. 6. He must have attended a. laboratory course in each of the following: Chemistry, histology and operative surgery. 7. He must have attended two courses of clinical or hospital instruction. His conduct while in college must have been unexceptionable. (Note.--The requirements in reference to attendance upon three courses of lectures, two courses of dissecting, and laboratory courses, apply only to students who have not attended a course of lectures before Sept. i, 1893.) Any student who attended a course of regular lectures before that date may attend the course of 1894-5 in this institution, and apply for graduation at the end of that term. By the ruling of the Southern Medical College association, this is the last opportunity offered for such student to graduate without attending two full courses in addition to that already taken. After 1894-5 every student will be required to present tickets for three full courses as a requisite to graduation.
Faculty.--Thomas Spencer Powell, M. D., professor of obstetrics and diseases of women, and lecturer on medical ethics; Wm. Perrin Nicolson, M. D., professor
of anatomy and lecturer on clinical surgery, and surgeon to Grady hospital; Gustavus Garnett Roy, M. D., professor of materia medica and therapeutics, and lecturer

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on diseases of children; James McFadden Gaston, M. D., professor of principles and practice of surgery; Charles Shepherd Webb, Ph. B., M. D., professor of the principles and practice of medicine; William Simpson Elkin, M. D., professor of operative surgery and genito-urinary diseases, and surgeon to Grady hospital; Henry F. Harris, M. D., professor of chemistry and lecturer on pathology and histology; Floyd Wilcox McRae, M. D., professor of physiology and lecturer on clinical surgery and diseases of the rectum; Logan M. Crichton, M. D., professor of diseases of nose and throat: Dunbar Roy, A. B., M. D., professor of diseases of the eye and ear; J. B. S. Holmes, M. D., adjunct professor of obstetrics and gynecology.
Oglethorpe Medical College.--This college was located in Savannah. It was organized in 1855, with the following corps of medical teachers: H. L. Byrd, M. D., late of Savannah Medical college, professor of principles and practice of physics; E. LeRoy Antony, M. D., of Waynesboro, Ga., professor of obstetrics and diseases of women and children; Wesley C. Norwood, M. D., of Cokesbury, S. C., professor of materia medicaand medical jurisprudence; James S. Morel, M. D.. of Savannah, Ga.. professor of anatomy; John Davis, M. D., of Abbeville, S. C., professor of physiology: Wm. T. Feay, M. D., of Savannah, Ga., professor of chemistry and pharmacy; Charles Ganahl, M. D., of Savannah, Ga., professor pro tem. of the principles and practice of surgery; R. J. Xunn, M. D., of Savannah, Ga., demon
strator of anatomy. The following is a list of the graduates from the class of 1855; John \V. Barber, S. D. M. Byrd. James A. George, J. J. Jones, W. J. Orr, Wm. M. Marsh. John A. Mayer. and John A. Owens. How long this school existed, and what success it met with. I am unable to state. I applied to physicians in Savannah
for data to write the history of this school, but could not get the necessary informa tion.
Savannah Spring School of Medicine.--"The Southern Medical and Surgical Journal" for 1856 has the following notice of the above named institution: "Savan nah Spring School of Medicine.--An organization under the above name has been formed in our city. The term of lectures is to be from the middle of March to the
end of June. The lecturers are Holmes Steele. M. D., on obstetrics, the physiology of generation, and diseases of women and children; John M. Johnson, M. D., on medical chemistry and materia medica: Joseph J. West, M. D., on anatomy, the
physiology of the viscera, etc., and Charles H. Colding, M. D., on minor and operative surgery. Fee, $50, in advance."
Savannah Medical College.--This college was organized in 1853. The course commenced with the following corps of professors: Dr. R. D. Arnold, on the theory and practice of medicine; Dr. P. M. Kollock, on obstetrics and diseases of women and children: Dr. W. G. Bullock, on the principles and practice of surgery; Dr. G. W. West, on medical chemistry; Dr. H. L. Byrd, on materia medica and therapeutics: Dr. E. H. Martin, on physiology; Dr. J. G. Howard, on anatomy; Dr. J. B. Read, demonstrator of anatomy, on pathological anatomy. Thirty-six students attended the course. The following is a list of the graduates: John \V. Arnfield, of South Carolina: Elisha W. Harral. of South Carolina; Joseph J. Hankins, of Florida: Richard G. Xunn. of Georgia: George W. Cleland, of Georgia; Joseph J. West, of Georgia. During the session of 1854 the class numbered forty-nine, of whom seventeen were graduated. In 1855 the graduates numbered twelve. This institution continued its exercises for a number of years, and met with reasonable success. In 1879 tne faculty was constituted as follows: W. M. Charters, M. D.. professor of obstetrics: J. G. Thomas, M. D., professor of the theory and practice of medicine; W. H. Elliott, M. D., professor of the principles and practice of surgery; W. Dtincan, M. D.. professor of clinical medicine, and dean of faculty; B. S.

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Purse, M. D., professor of materia medica and therapeutics; J. P. S. Houstoun, M. D., professor of physiology; George H. Stone, M. D., professor of anatomy.

THE MEDICAL SOCIETY OP THE STATE OF GEORGIA.
In February, 1849, the faculty of the medical college of Georgia, feeling the necessity of organizing the medical profession of the state, published the following notice in the "Southern Medical and Surgical Journal," issued at Augusta:
"To the Physicians of Georgia.--The faculty of the medical college of Georgia suggest to the medical profession of the state the propriety of organizing an association. Since the institution of the National or American association, our sister states, Alabama and South Carolina, have taken action on the subject It is therefore proper to call a convention of the physicians of Georgia, to be held in the city of Augusta on next Tuesday, Feb. 20; then to adopt such measures for the improvement and benefit of the profession as they may deem proper." After the publication of the above notice the Georgia Medical society of Savan nah suggested that the meeting be held in the city of Macon March 20, Macon being more centrally located than Augusta. The faculty of the medical college of Georgia, desirous of unanimity on the subject, accordingly issued a circular and addressed it to all the Georgia subscribers of the "Journal," stating their cheerful acquiescence in the suggestions of the medical society of Savannah. The meeting, therefore, of the physicians of the state was called for March 20 in the city of Macon.
In pursuance of the above call the convention assembled in Macon at 10 o'clock on the morning of March 20, 1849. About eighty delegates were present, the delegates representing the counties of Baker, Baldwin, Bibb, Burke. Chatham, Clarke, Cobb, Crawford, Dooley, Fayette, Floyd, Gwinnett, Henry, Houston, Jasper, Jones, Lee, Madison, Meriwether, Monroe, Morgan, Muscogee, Oglethorpe, Pike, Richmond, Stewart, Sumter, Troup, Twiggs, Upson and Washing ton. On motion a committee of one from each county represented was appointed by the chair to select permanent officers for the convention. The convention being thus organized, on motion the president designated the following gentlemen a committee to draft a constitution and by-laws: Drs. R. D. Arnold, J. M. Green, Thos. Hoxey, Chas. West, Hugh J. Ogliby, R. Q. Dickinson, James M. Gordon. After some discussion and modification the constitution and by-laws were unani mously adopted. The convention then resolved itself into "The Medical Society of the State of Georgia." The first business in order being the election of officers, a ballot was ordered, and the following gentlemen were declared duly elected: President, Dr. Lewis D. Ford; first vice-president, Dr. R. D. Arnold; second vice-president, Dr. Thomas R. Lamar; corresponding secretary, Dr. James M. Green; recording secretary, Dr. C. T. Quintard. The society then proceeded to ballot for delegates to the "American Medical association." On counting the votes it appeared that the following gentlemen were elected, viz.: Drs. Thos. Hoxey, T. F. Green, H. J. Ogliby, E. L. Strohecker, Robert Campbell, I. E. Dupree, W. B. Stevens. The following committee was appointed to memorialize the legislature on the necessity of instituting a regular registration of marriages, births and deaths: Drs. Arnold, Strohecker, Ogliby, Geo. A. Winn, G. F. Cooper. A resolution was introduced and adopted that a committee of one from each con gressional district, of which the president of the society shall be chairman, be appointed to address the profession at large on the expediency of forming aux iliary societies and other matters. The president appointed the following: Drs. L. D. Ford, Thos. Stewardson, Chas. West, E. F. Knott, W. P. Beasley, Wm. N.

MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.
King, \V. L. Jones, Asbury Kingman. A resolution was passed that the next an nual meeting of the society take place in the city of Macon on the second Tuesday in April, 1850.
The constitution states the objects of the society and qualifications for membership as follows: The object of this society shall be for the advancement of medical knowledge, the elevation of professional character, the protection of the interests of its members, the extension of the bounds of medical science, and the promotion of all measures adapted to relieve suffering humanity and to pro tect the lives and improve the health of the community. Sec. i.--The society shall consist of every person now present as a member of the state medical con vention, who is a graduate of a respectable medical college, or who may be authorized to practice by the legislative act of 1839, re-constituting the medical board of the state, and who shall conform to the regulations of the society. Sec. 2.--Any member of the profession thus qualified can hereafter, on written appli cation to the society through the corresponding secretary, be admitted to it by a vote of two-thirds of. the members present Sec. 3.--The society shall hold an annual meeting on the second Wednesday in the month of April of each year. The place of meeting shall be determined for each succeeding year by a vote of the society. The constitution also provided for the organization of auxiliary societies in the various counties of the state, and required such societies to conform to the constitution of the State Medical society and the code of ethics of the Ameri can Medical association.
A MIGRATORY BODY.
The society has always been a migratory body, meeting each year in some one of the large towns or cities of the state. The society continued under the consti tution of 1849 until 1868, when a new constitution was adopted. The objects of the society have always been as declared in article 2 of the original constitution. The constitution of 1868 withdrew the privilege of membership from licentiates of the state board of medical examiners, and adopted the following article: "The members of this institution shall collectively represent and have cognizance of the common interests of the medical profession in every part of the state, and shall hold their appointment to membership, either as delegates from local institutions, as members by invitation, or as permanent members. The delegates shall receive their appointment from permanently organized medical societies, medical col leges, hospitals, lunatic asylums and other permanently organized medical and sanitary institutions of good standing in the state. Each delegate shall hold his appointment for one year, and until another is appointed to succeed him, and shall participate in all the business and affairs of the association. The permanent members shall consist of all those who have served in the capacity of delegates, and of such other members as may receive the appointment by a two-thirds vote, and shall continue such so long as they remain in good standing in the body from which they were sent as delegates. Permanent members shall at all times be entitled to attend the meetings and participate in the affairs of the association so long as they shall continue to conform to its regulations. Every member elected prior to the permanent organization of the annual meeting or before voting on any question after the meeting has been organized, must sign these regula tions, inscribing his name and address in full, specifying in what capacity he attends, and if a delegate the title of the society- and institution from which he has received his appointment, at the same time stating that he is a (regular) graduate of medicine from some regularly chartered college."
The constitution of 1868 also changed the name of the society and adopted

MEDICAL, HISTORY.
that of "The Medical Association of Georgia." In 1873 a new constitution was adopted, the only material changes being the article on membership. Article 3 of the existing constitution, adopted in 1873, reads as follows: "Sec. i.-- There shall be only one class of members in this association. Every regularly educated medical man within the limits of the state who is a graduate of a regular medical college in good standing, and who adopts and conforms to the code of ethics of the American Medical association, shall be eligible to membership in this body." The other material change in the organic law of the association was the organization of a high court in the body, known as "the board of censors." The duties and powers of the board of censors are as follows: Sec. i.--The board of censors shall hold annual meetings, concurrently with the annual sessions of the association, to whom shall be referred all applications for membership with vouchers from two members, and in such case their decision shall be reported to the body for action. Three of their number shall constitute a quorum, and the chairman and secretary shall be designated by the president. Sec. 2.--They shall take cognizance of all offenses against the association or its code of ethics, and shall be authorized to strike from the list of membership all violators of its regulations, and shall report the names of individuals and the offense for which action has been taken immediately to the association, at which time or at the next succeeding meeting all such individuals may have the right to appeal to that body.
EVERY DISTINGUISHED PHYSICIAN A MEMBER.
The association has since its first organization embraced in its membership every distinguished physician in Georgia. At its annual meetings numerous medical papers are read and discussed. The year book issued by this body is regarded among the ablest issued by the various state medical societies in Amer ica. The medical association of Georgia is, and has ever been, conspicuous in American medicine by reason of the marked ability of many of its members. Many of the ablest papers in the year books of the American Medical association, the American Public Health association, the American Surgical association, the American Gynecological society, the International Medical congress of 1876, and the Pan-American Medical congress of 1892, are from the pen of members of our State Medical association. Many of its members have attained world-wide fame. The association has been constant and zealous in promoting the objects of its organizations. Its membership numbers 369, from various counties in the state. There are about 1,500 regular physicians in Georgia, all of whom should be active members of an association .with the high aims and purposes which animate the state association. Yet it seems impossible to enlist their co-operation. As a consequence of the lack of interest in the state association on the part of the majority of the physicians in our state the profession is utterly devoid of influence in shaping medical legislation. As individuals the physicians of Georgia are foremost in public confidence and respect in their respective communities, but collectively, it must be confessed, no equally reputable body of men is so poor in public influence in matters pertaining to their own calling. So far as my information extends the physicians of the state have failed to secure the passage of any medical bill carried before the general assembly. I cite a few recent in stances: In 1875 the association sent a committee of its members before the leg islature asking that the state establish an inebriate asylum, but the general assembly refused the request. In 1889 the Medical Association of Georgia, alive to its duties as conservators of the public health, prepared and presented to the legislature a bill for a state board of health. The bill contemplated the sup-

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port of the board by use of the annual state tax on doctors. But the "Potiphar peagreens'' in the assembly promptly killed the bill because it cost something and that something only the annual tax wrongfully imposed upon physicians of the state. Here is a high tribute to the unselfishness of the medical profession of Georgia. Striving as a body to decrease the burden of preventable sickness and death in the entire state, and to the extent that the effort should be successful, thus sacrifice their professional incomes, yet hindered in their noble, self-sacrificing effort because of the insignificant annual cost of maintenance of a state sanitary
board. In 1893 the association renewed its efforts before the legislature to secure a
state board of health. But this effort failed of success. In 1893 the State Medical association, desiring to elevate the standard of medical education in Georgia, drafted a bill solely in the interest of higher medical education in this state and asked the legislature to enact this bill, but it was defeated by the ignorance of our school of medicine with the aid of the irregulars and quacks.

PRESIDENTS OF THE MEDICAL ASSOCIATION OF GEORGIA.
The following is a list of the members of the association elected to the presi dency of that body: Arnold, R. D., Savannah, 1851; Alexander, J. F., Atlanta, ----; Burney, S. W-, Forsyth, 1857; Battey, Robert, Rome, 1877; Charters, W. M., Savannah, 1867; Campbell, H. F., Augusta, ----; Colley, F. S., Monroe, 1859; Coe, H., Atlanta, 1860; Calhoun, A. W., Atlanta, 1884; Dickinson, R. Q., Albany, 1854; Dugas, L. A., Augusta, 1855 and 1868; Dupree, Ira E., Twiggs county, 1856; Elliott, W. H., Savannah, 1894; Eve, Joseph A., Augusta, 1880; Ford, Lewis D., Augusta, 1849; Ford, De Saussure, Augusta, 1875; Foster, Eugene, Augusta, 1885; Griggs, A. W., West Point, 1891; Holmes, G. W., Rome, 1873; Holmes, J. B. S., Rome, 1890; Holt, W. F., Macon, 1882; Johnson, Jno. Thad., Atlanta, 1879; Kollock, P. M., Savannah, i8<;3; Logan, J. P., Atlanta, 1858; LeHardy, J. C., Savannah, 1881; Means, A., Oxford, 1852 and 1866; Moore, K. P., Forsyth, 1883: Mulligan, G. W., Washington, 1892; McDowell, G. M., Barnesville, 1871; Nottingham, C. B., Macon, 1869; Nunn, R. J., Savan nah, 1886; O'Daniel, William, Bullard, 1878; Powell, T. O., Milledgeville, 1887; Smith, A. A., Hawkinsville, 1893; Taliaferro, V. H., Atlanta, ----; Todd, J. S., Atlanta, 1889; Thomas, J. G., Savannah, 1876; West, Chas., Houston county, 1850; Westmorland, W. F., Atlanta, 1874; Whitehead, A. G., Waynesboro, 1888; Westmoreland, W. F., Atlanta, president-elect. The board of censors: Eugene Foster, Augusta; William O'Daniel, Bullard; J. G. Hopkins, Thomasville; C. D. Hurt, Atlanta; R. O. Engram, Montezuma. The secretary of the association is D. H. Howell, Atlanta: treasurer, E. C. Goodrich, Augusta

MEDICAL. JOURXALS.
''The Southern Medical and Surgical Journal,'' published at Atlanta, Ga., was the first medical journal published in the southern states so far as known to me. Indeed at the date of its entry into the field of journalism there were not more than six or eight medical periodicals in America. The publication of this journal originated \vith Dr. Milton Antony, the illustrious founder of the medical college of Georgia. Dr. Antony was the editor, with Dr. Joseph A. Eve as associate editor. The first number was issued Oct. 1.1836. It was published monthly, eacli number containing sixty-four pages. The object of the journal was declared to be as follows, from the introductory of the editor: "The profession at the south have

MEDICAL HISTORY.

jgl

long regarded and anticipated as a most desirable object the establishment of a journal that should collect and preserve the valuable discoveries and improve ments of southern practitioners relative to the nature and treatment of diseases incident to southern climates." But it would be a mistake to conclude that this journal confined itself to the narrow field outlined in the introductory. It was a thoroughly first-class publication in every particular, covering all departments of medicine. Each issue presented original articles from some of the ablest physi cians, surgeons and obstetricians in the south. It was divided into other depart ments than original communications, such as editorials, native and foreign correspondence, selections and articles from American and European journals, reports of medical societies, reviews of current medical literature, medical items of interest, etc. One of the striking features of the journal throughout its entire publication was the marked ability of its editorials. It differed from medical periodicals of to-day markedly, in the fact that it depended for support on the merit of the journal, that is, upon the high order of its medical literature, rather than revenue from advertisements. Published in Augusta, noted for the learning of its practitioners of medicine, these distinguished physicians made the journal the object of their love and pride, and vied with one another in contributing frequently and ably to its pages. The ablest physicians in Georgia and of the south made numerous and valuable contributions to this journal. An examination of all the volumes of the "Southern Medical and Surgical Journal," embracing a period from 1836 to 1866, demonstrated the fact that it was one of the ablest medical periodicals ever published in America. Throughout its long, useful and honor able career, the "Journal" was singularly devoted to the promotion of medical science, professional brotherhood and medical ethics. It had a large circulation in all of the southern states, and exerted a powerful influence in the upbuilding of medical science. With the publication of the first volume, Dr. Joseph A. Eve withdrew as associate editor, leaving its editorial management solely in the hands of Dr. Milton Antony. Upon the death of Dr. Antony in 1839 tne "Journal" was suspended until Jan. i, 1845, at which date its publication was resumed under the editorial management of Profs. Paul F. Eve and I. P. Garvin, members of the faculty of the medical college of Georgia. These gentlemen continued the editorial management until 1847, when Prof. Garvin retired leaving Prof. Paul F. Eve as editor. In 1850 Prof. Eve retired from the editorial chair, being succeeded by Prof. Garvin, who was succeeded in 1851 by Prof. L. A. Dugas. In an editorial in May, 1851, page 315, I find the following reference to the career of this journal: "This journal has, therefore, been edited during the issue of the nine volumes (old and new series) preceding the present one, alternately by Profs. M. Antony, Joseph A. Eve, Paul F. Eve and I. P. Garvin. That these frequent changes were the result neither of fickleness nor of ill success is abundantly established by the progressive increase in the number of subscribers, and the high estimation in which the work has been held throughout the country. The true cause is to be found in the vast amount of labor required for its creditable management, and in the extensive professional engagements of the parties. No one who has not tried it can justly appreciate the task of editing such a periodical and of attending at the same time to the harassing duties of a large practice.
"The multiplicity in our land of medical periodicals is regarded by many as a decided evil. This, however, is a great error. Every new medical journal increases the number of readers as well as of writers. When the 'Southern Medical and Surgical Journal' was first issued it was rare that the voice of a Georgian was heard upon medical topics. By a reference to the original com munications it contains we find that they number 412, and that they were written
II--11

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by 146 different physicians, the large majority of whom are Georgians, and the remainder from the adjacent states. With such facts before us, we feel that the career of our journal must continue to be one of progressive prosperity and usefulness. As a native Georgian, we feel proud of our rapid advance in refine ment and science; as the editor of this journal, we desire to honor those who have
by their contributions made it what it is." The names of Georgia contributors are given in the editorial. Prof. Dugas
edited the journal until 1855, when he associated with him in the editorial chair Dr. Henry Rossignol. They continued to edit the publication until 1857, when they were succeeded by Drs. Henry F. and Robert Campbell. The Drs. Campbell continued in its editorial management until 1862, when, in consequence of the
civil war, the publication was suspended from 1862 to 1865 inclusive. The war having terminated in April, 1865, disastrously to the southern cause, the poverty of the physicians, in common with other citizens of Georgia, made it appear well nigh impossible to successfully re-establish the ''Journal" Notwithstanding the difficulties surrounding the enterprise, Drs. L. A. Dugas, W. H. Doughty and De Saussure Ford assumed charge of the "Journal," and its publication was
resumed under their .editorial management. Each of the editors labored faith fully to re-establish the "Journal." and each of them contributed able editorials and other articles to the pages of the periodical. At no period of the life of the "Southern Medical and Surgical-Journal" was it edited with more signal ability than during 1866. At no period of its existence did the "Journal'' publish a higher order of medical literature. It contained in 1866 numerous articles from many of the ablest medical men in Georgia, yet the poverty of our people was such that it was found impossible to continue the publication. It suspended through lack of financial support because of the poverty of the physicians of Georgia through the disaster of the civil war. In the last year of the "Journal," as throughout its entire career, the effort of its editors was to furnish the profession a high order of medical literature and to promote the dignity and honor of the medical profession.
The "Atlanta Medical and Surgical Journal."--When the Atlanta Medical college was organized in the summer of 1855 it was thought advisable to issue a
journal as an adjunct of the college. Such was the origin of the "Atlanta Medical and Surgical Journal." The "Journal" was the child of the college, and the object of its pride and care. The "Atlanta Medical and Surgical Journal" first appeared September, 1855. edited by Drs. Jos. P. Logan, professor of physiology and path ology, and W. F. \Vestmoreland, professor of surgery. The new journal was well received and patronized, and the early numbers give evidence of careful editor ship and successful management. It was thus conducted by the above gentlemen
until September. 1860, when they were succeeded by Dr. John G. Westmorland, professor of materia medica and therapeutics in the college. Soon after the out break of the war, the "Journal" ceased publication--September, 1861. An attempt was made to revive it in the fall of 1867 by the two Drs. Westmorland, but only a few numbers were issued. In March, 1871, it was re-issued under the same editorial management, and published continuously up to 1873. I* tnen passed into the hands of Dr. Robert Battey. W. A. Love and V. H. Taliaferro. This
management continued two years and a half, when Dr. W. F. Westmoreland again tecame editor, assisted by Dr. W. S. Kendrick. This management lasted two years and the "Journal" died again. In the summer of 1881 it was exhumed by
Drs. Jas. B. Baird and J. Thad. Johnson, and named the "Atlanta Medical Register." Under this management it was published from October, 1881, to Sep tember. 1883. Then it was suspended again. In March, 1884, it resumed publi cation under its original name, edited by Drs. W. F. Westmoreland. H. V. M.

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163

Miller and James A. Gray. It stated editorially that the journal "now com mences her third series under flattering auspices and bright prospects." On this staff Dr. Gray particularly was active and energetic in the work of rehabilitating the journal. He added to the subscription list, increased the advertising business
and placed the property on a sound financial basis. Under the management the journal was made the official organ of the State Medical association in 1885, and
published all the papers of the association. He was a highly accomplished gentleman and physician, and well qualified for the duties of medical journalism. His death in 1887 was a misfortune to the journal, as well as a loss to the state
profession. After the death of Dr. Gray the ownership and editorial management of the
journal witnessed many changes in quick succession. Within a few years the editorial staff at different times was composed of Drs. A. B. Ashworth, W. S. Kendrick, V. O. Harden, F. W. McRae, L. P. Kennedy, M. B. Hutchins and L. B. Grandy. Since March, 1892, the property has been owned and conducted by the last two gentlemen just named, Dr. Grandy as managing editor, and Dr. Hutchins as business manager. The "Atlanta Medical and Surgical Journal" has
had its periods of elevation and depression. It has seen many changes, some times good, sometimes bad, but it has a clean record in seeking to represent that which is only honorable and professional in journalism and medicine. It began as the organ of a college. The present management reject the "organ" idee, and endeavor to conduct the journal as a free and independent publication, untrammeled of all college affiliations. Under its present management the journal has taken a high stand in favor of a state medical examining board and the necessity for better medical education. An editorial in the November, 1892, issue was the beginning of the movement which has only lately resulted in the establishment of medical boards for the state. The journal now ranks among the best of its class--the monthly medical journal. It has departments devoted to original communications, reports of medical societies, correspondence, editorials, selections from other journals, book reviews and medical items of general interest
The "Southern Medical Record."--This journal is published monthly in Atlanta. The first number was issued January, 1873. Dr. T. S. Powell and Dr. W. T. Goldsmith were the first editors. In 1877 Dr. R. C. Word was added to the editorial corps. Its present editorial staff is as follows: A. W. Griggs, M. D., W. F. Westmoreland, M. D., J. M. Gaston, M. D., L. H. Jones, M. D., and D. H.
Howell, M. D. The editorial management is one of ability, and the editors have labored to promote the best interest of the profession. The "Record" covers the whole field of medicine, being divided into departments: Original articles, society
reports, selections and abstracts, editorials, prescription department, etc. "Savannah Journal of Medicine."--This publication was inaugurated in May,
1858. It was published bi-monthly in Savannah. Its editors-were Dr. Juriah Harris, professor of physiology in the Savannah Medical college, and Dr. J. S. Sullivan. Dr. R. D. Arnold, professor of principles and practice of medicine in
the Savannah Medical college, was associate editor. In August, 1859, Dr. Sulli van retired from the editorial chair, leaving Dr. Juriah Harris as editor. Dr. R. D. Arnold continued as associate editor. This periodical was published from
May, 1858, to October, 1861, and was one of the ablest journals in the south. "Oglethorpe Medical and Surgical Journal" was published in Savannah. It
was- a bi-monthly and contained sixty-four pages. It was under the editorial management of Dr. H. L. Byrd, professor of principles and practice of physics in the Oglethorpe Medical college, and Drs. Holmes and Steele and V. H. Taliaferro.
The first number was published April, 1858. In 1859, Dl"S- Steele and Taliaferro retired from the editorial management and Dr. William Hauser was added. In

MEMOIRS OP GEORGIA.
1860 Dr. Hauser retired and Dr. J. C. C. Blackburn succeeded him. This iournal was discontinued April, 1861.
INSANITY.--LUNATIC ASYLUM.
In December, 1837, the legislature enacted a law providing for the establish ment of a state lunatic asylum, and directed the governor to appoint commissioners empowered to purchase a site and erect the necessary buildings. The appropria tion for this purpose amounted to $24,000. Fifty-seven and one-half acres of land, about two miles from the then capitol at Milledgeville, were purchased from Mr. Hines at a cost of $4,000. Immediately thereafter the erection of two separate buildings, one for males, the other for females, was commenced. The work was slowly carried on until the winter of 1841, when the commissioners were directed to stop work on one of the buildings, and as rapidly as possible complete the one nearest finished. This structure was completed in October, 1842. The building v.as thirty-nine feet wide, 129 feet long, four stories high, and contained sixty-three rooms, nine by ten feet each. The total capacity of the building was sixty-three patients. The institution was opened for reception of patients Dec. 15, 1842. At the winter session of the legislature, 1841, an act was passed organizing the asylum and placing its management in a board of trustees. The superintendence of the institution was vested in board of trustees and steward until such time as, in the judgment of the board, the increased number of patients should render it necessary to elect a resident physician, which officer should also be the superintendent But until a resident physician should be a necessity the needful medical services should be rendered by one of the physicians of the neighborhood, at a salary of $200 per annum.
The institution was opened for reception of patients Dec 15, 1842. The law at that time required that the board of pauper patients should be paid by the counties from which they were sent. The expenses of non-pauper patients were paid by relatives or guardians. The legislature in 1843 amended the law so as to relieve the counties of the cost of maintenance of their pauper patients in the asylum and placed this duty on the state. The amended law allowed $50 per annum for support of each pauper patient, and authorized the board of trustees to draw warrants on the governor from time to time for such portions of this fund as were found necessary. In 1845 the legislature again amended the law and substituted for the $50 per capita per annum appropriation the present plan of appropriation of such amount as deemed necessary for the ensuing two years. In January, 1843, the board of trustees decided that the number of patients in the asylum rendered it necessary to elect a "resident physician and superintend ent." Dr. David Cooper was then elected to fill the position. He continued in office until January, 1846, when Dr. Thomas F. Green was elected superintendent ai?d resident physician. The law organizing the institution authorized the comn:itment to the asylum of all idiots, lunatics and epileptics, and requires that all such persons, who are residents of this state, and whose pauperism is certified by the court committing them, shall be supported in the institution by the state; all others were required to pay board at such rate as may be determined by the trustees. The charge at that time was one hundred dollars per annum, the friends of the patients supplying all clothing necessary. In the fall of 1847 the second building was completed upon the same plan as that first erected, and furnished a separate department for the use of female patients. In the early history of the institution a very large proportion of the patients were of the worst possible description. From the general want of proper information among the mass of the people in relation to such institutions, the incomplete condition of the establish-

MEDICAL HISTORY.

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ment, and the influence of other causes, such only were sent to the asylum as had become burdens at home, too intolerable to be longer borne, certainly in very many instances from the influence of no hope of benefit to them, as their state was such that, in a number of cases, they did not survive a month after their reception.
ASYLUM IMPROVEMENTS.
The completion of the second building in 1847 enabled the trustees to make markedly beneficial changes in the asylum. The female patients were placed in the new building--thus entirely separating them from the males. This enlarge ment also offered greater facilities, and the increased appropriation of money for maintenance enabled the authorities to make many improvements, the substitution of white attendants for negroes who had formerly discharged this duty being one of them. The amount expended for fifty-seven acres of land and the two buildings was $38,000.
In 1849 it was found urgently necessary to make additional provision for the insane of the state. Plans and estimates were submitted to the legislature for enlarging the asylum accommodations. The plan contemplated a large, showy building to be erected in front of the existing wings and additions to the latter, which would make the structure in the shape of the capital E, which is known in insane asylum architecture as the Kirkbride plan, so called because it was the plan originated by Dr. Kirkbride, superintendent of a Pennsylvania asylum, and subsequently recognized by insane asylum superintendents as the best shaped building for treatment of the insane. The legislature appropriated $10,500, and in 1851 $24,800, for the enlargement of the institution. Every dollar of this appro priation was expended upon the foundation of the present center building before the walls had reached the surface of the site. Supplemental appropriations were made as follows: 1853, $56,500; 1855, $110,000; 1857, $63.500; 1858, $30,000. This building was completed in 1858. In addition to furnishing quarters for asylum officials, and the necessary offices, it provided accommodations for a large number of patients--each patient occupying a separate room ten feet by twelve feet. This building, as all others attached to it, is divided into sections or wards, each provided with a dining room, parlor, etc., and all modern improvements. In 1870-71 an appropriation amounting to $105,855 was voted for enlargement of the asylum. This sum was expended in enlarging the main building. In 1881, at the urgent solicitation of superintendent Powell and the board of trustees, the legislature decided to erect two separate buildings for white convalescents, one for males and the other for females, and appropriated $165,000 for this purpose. In 1883 a supplemental appropriation amounting to $92,875 was voted by the legislature. In 1893 the legislature, after an urgent appeal from the board of trustees, voted $100,000 for erection of additional buildings for white and colored insane. Plans have been drawn and accepted, and contract awarded, for a build ing for whites with a capacity for 500 patients, and two annexes for negroes. Emancipation of the negro population in 1865 necessitated asylum accommoda tions for the insane of this race. In 1866 the legislature appropriated $11,000 for an insane asylum for negroes. The building was located on the grounds of the asylum for the whites. In 1870 additional accommodations for insane negroes being necessary, the legislature appropriated $18,000 for enlargement of the negro building. In 1879 the legislature appropriated $25,000 for enlargement of the negro building. These several enlargements provided for 541 negroes. The over crowded condition of the negro building and the urgent demand for care of a number of negro insane who could not be admitted for want of room caused the

MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.
board of trustees to begin enlargement by adding two annexes 128x31 feet each, four stories, to the existing negro asylum. These additional buildings will provide accommodation for 270 additional patients in the negro institution.
THK INSTITUTION AS IT NOW STANDS.
The lunatic asylum comprises a number of buildings, as follows: First--The main building. The front presents a handsome, showy brick structure three stories high, of Grecian architecture. With the exception of the capital building in Atlanta, the center asylum building is the handsomest edifice in the state of Georgia. Besides the superintendent's apartments, rooms for visitors and offices for officials, this building accommodates about 500 patients with necessary nurses, etc. Second.--Two brick buildings for convalescents three stories high, accom modating 140 patients each, and nurses. These are located on each side of the front of the center building, about 500 feet from the latter, and about 1,000 feet apart Third.--Two brick detached buildings three stories high in rear of center edifice, accommodating about roo patients each. Fourth.--Two one-story wooded detached buildings for patients too feeble to ascend or descend the higher floors, accommodating each forty patients. Fifth.--The building for negroes located half mile in rear of the main building for whites. This is also of brick, three stories high, and, like the building for the whites, provided with all modern con veniences. It comfortably provides for 500 insane negroes, besides the supervisor and attendants. A brick wall twelve feet high separates the yards of the buildings for whites and negroes. About one mile distant from the asylum building proper, is located the contagious diseases hospital, which, as its name indicates, is reserved for treatment of any contagious disease which may be brought into the institution. This is the best contagious diseases building in Georgia, and readily accommo dates sixty patients and attendants. A contagious diseases hospital is an essential feature of insane asylum management inasmuch as patients are usually brought to the asylum after being confined in jail, and have thus in previous years intro duced smallpox into the institution. Under intelligent and faithful management of the superintendent the disease was promptly stamped out In addition to the above described buildings the new structure for whites, now in process of erection, \vill accommodate 500 patients. This edifice, like the others, is provided with dining rooms, parlors, sun rooms, and all modern conveniences. When this work shall have been completed ample asylum accommodations will have been provided for the white insane of the state. The completion of the annexes to the asylum for negroes will relieve the present over-crowding and provide accommodations for 180 of the negro insane now outside of the institution. A new feature in the buildings now in process of erection is the substitution of congregate dining rooms for the former ward dining rooms.
WHAT THE ASYLUM COST.
The following is a statement of land owned by asylum, showing the year, number of acres, of whom purchased, and price paid: 1837, 57^ acres, J. Thomas and R. K. Hines, $4,000; 1849,4OO, Tomlinson Fort, $3,000; 1853,637, John S. Thomas, $300; 1856, 40, Willis Vaughn, $750; 1862, 2i, Jno. Hammond, $300; 1866, 1503-10, M. L. Fort, $1,878.75; 1872, 1,700, John Furman, $10,404.70; 1882, 25, (Esf.) E. T. Sibley, $2,000; 1887, 62, L. T. Galloway, $1,925. Total amount of land owned by asylum, 3,093 3-10 acres. Total cost of land, $27,258. Statement of appropriations for lunatic asylum--1837, purchase site and begin work, $20,000; 1839, prosecuting

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work, $5,000; 1840, prosecuting work, $9,000; 1841, completing east wing, $10,000; 1845, completing west wing, $10,000; 1847, lightning rods and force pump, $800; 1849, additional improvements, $10,500; 1851, same, $24,800; 1853, same, $56,500; 1 855, prosecuting work, $110,000; 1857, same, $63,500; 1858, same, $30,000; 1860, supply of water, $2,500; 1860, balance due contractors, $566; 1866, building for colored insane, $10,000; 1868, repairing roof, $1,000; 1869, general repairs and water, $10,500; 1870, additional buildings, etc., $68,000; 1871, balance due con tractors, $37,855; 1871, repairing roof and painting, $5,000; 1871, completing wall, $12,000; 1873, additional improvements, $23,896; 1876, water works, $20,000; 1877, enlarging and additional improvements, $23,500; 1879, enlarging colored building, $25,000; 1881, enlarging institution, $165,431; 1883, enlarging institution, $92,875.53; 1886, repairing roof, center building, $3,000; 1889, artesian well and improvements, $13,300; 1892, laundry, fire-walls, cottage and amusement hall. $14,500; 1893, enlarging institution, $100,000. The total expenditures for land and buildings (including $100,000 for buildings now in process of erection) is $1,006,281.98.
In 1877, by act of the legislature, the asylum was made free to all bona fide citizens of Georgia. For the last two years the legislature appropriated the sum of $200,000 per annum for support and maintenance of the lunatic asylum. This seems to be a truly magnificent sum, but when the magnitude of this institution is known, and the purposes for which the money is necessarily expended, it is truly surprising that it can be maintained at so small a cost. The average number of lunatics in the asylum during the year was 1,709. An examination shows that this apparently magnificent sum for support and maintenance of the lunatic asylum, $200,000 per annum, amounts to only $118.33 Per capita per annum, or 3242-100 cents per capita per diem. This amount supplies all the wants of the inmates, which are: Five physicians, medicines, nurses, guards, night watchman, food, clothing, fuel, gas, water works, fire department, washing, burying the dead, paying fares of discharged patients to their homes, repairs to buildings, replacing furniture, crockery, bedding, and clothing damaged by ordinary use and destructiveness of the patients. This latter item of destruction of crockery, bedding and clothing by the insane is a large item of expense each year. When it is remembered that the average paid by the counties of Georgia for the one item of feeding each negro prisoner in the common jails amounts to 40 cents a day, the economy of the lunatic asylum maintenance is strikingly illustrated. The maintenance of the institution at the small cost above given results from the most rigid economy and scrupulous honesty of the officials.
THE CARE OP THE INMATES.
The one great feature of the management of the insane in our asylum is the constant, unwearied attention and kindness to each patient by the officers and attaches of the institution. Within the past twenty years a great revolution has taken place in insane asylum management. Many years ago Superintendent Powell abolished all coercive measures from the institution. While in some states, even in this day, violent patients are restrained by brute force, strapped to walls, chairs, etc., or made helpless by the straight jacket and crib-beds, no such management is permitted to be visited upon the inmates of the Georgia asylum. Straps, straight jackets, crib-beds and like instruments of cruelty arc conspicuous by their absence in our state asylum. No such appliance can be found on the premises. The law of kindness is more constantly and unweariedly visited upon the inmates of the Georgia asylum than in any institution of the kind known to me. Three years ago I, at the request of the board of trustees, visited a mtmber of insane asylums in' other states, and was surprised to find that these instruments of cruelty constituted

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MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

a part of the treatment in several of them. The non-coercive plan of treatment of the insane has been gradually developed into its present high state of perfection by a number of skilled and humane asylum superintendents, prominent among whom is Superintendent Powell. of the Georgia asylum. Insane asylums are no longer regarded as mere prisons for confining lunatics dangerous to the public. At the present day these institutions are properly regarded as hospitals into which this un fortunate class can be received for skillful treatment and tenderest care. If patients are sent to the asylum \vhen insanity is acute, many are permanently restored to sanity. The records of the Georgia lunatic asylum, of late, show that 38 per cent, of acute cases are restored. Incurable cases are skillfully"and tenderly cared for by the authorities of the institution, kept from irritation by the unthoughtful, and prevented from becoming dangerous to the public. Since the prison management system has disappeared. lunatics now regard physicians and nurses as tender, loving friends, willing and anxious to render them even- service necessary to their con venience and comfort, and therefore patients co-operate with, instead of resisting them, as under the former regime. The substitution of kindness for coercive measures is the greatest advance of modern insane asylum management In our state asylum even- patient is placed as nearly as possible under homelike environ ment, as to conveniences and comforts, and his or her associates selected with scrupulous care for his or her welfare.
Lunatics are helpless as little children, and require the same constant care and nursing. There are 287 employes constantly engaged in the service of the insti tution. One hundred and fifty-five of them are solely engaged in the duties of nursing the insane. The remainder are occupied in the laundry, gardens, dairy, dining rooms, carpenter shops, boiler rooms, and farm work. The item of wages to these employes amounts annually to 842.000. The management of the lunatic asylum by law vests in a board of trustees, ten in number, who are biennially unpointed by the governor. They have authority to prescribe all the rules and regulations for the management of the institution, appoint all officers, point out their duties, and fix their salaries, etc., and exercise supen'ision over all interests of the asylum. The board of trustees are: President, G. A. Cabaniss, of Atlanta; vice-president. R. B. Xisbet. M. D., Eatonton; secretary, Eugene Foster, M. D., Augusta: T. M. Hunt. Sparta; J. H. Xichols, Xarchoochee; \V. T. McArthur, McArthur: T. S. Hopkins, M. D., Thomasville; R. F. Wattes, Lumpkin; W. A. Huff, .Macon: J. P. \\~alker. M. D., \\~ebster county-. The immediate management of the a-ylum vests in Superintendent Powell, a highly skilled physician and an elegant gentleman. Superintendent Powell is particularly fitted for the position he holds, and has the love of his unfortunate charges to a degree rarely equaled in lunatic asylum management. He is a man of great tenderness of heart, and is constantly engaged in tender, self-sacrificing' ministrations to his patients. He is the one man in Georgia fully qualified for the high office which he holds. He has held this office since 1878. Under his management the institution has from time to time been improved so as to meet all requirements of modern treatment of the insane. The Georgia lunatic asylum is regarded as one of the best in America, and reflects honor upon Georgia.
INSANITY IX THE STATE OF GEORGIA.
This is one of the most interesting and important questions for study by polit ical economists and law-makers. Insanity among the white population of Georgia will be presented first. The United States census of 1860 makes the white popula^ tion of the state 591.588; number of white insane, 447. Therefore the ratio of insanity was one to even- 1,323 of our population. The census of 1870 shows a white population of 638.926; white insane, 634; i. e., one to even- 1,007. The census

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of 1880, white population, 815,906; number of insane, 1,286--one insane person out of every 635 of the population. These facts startle us, and unquestionably demon strate an alarming increase of insanity among our citizens. While many causes contribute to the increase of insanity, there can be no question that the cause above
all others is the changed condition of our people--poverty succeeding affluence-- the struggle for existence. Prior to the war our population was one of the most contented and prosperous of any in the United States. Our property was swept away by the fortunes of war, and our people left in a condition of positive bank
ruptcy. Under the mental and physical strain thus induced, great increase of insanity resulted. From 1870 to 1880 the census reports show that the ratio of insanity in Georgia had more than doubled in the decade. This would seem
strange, did we not remember that the poverty of the masses was greater in the decade 1870 to 1880 than it was in that of 1860 to 1870.
Let us compare the ratio of the white insane of Georgia with that of other states.
The following tabular statement by Dr. O. W. Wright, of Wisconsin, made several years ago, gives us a valuable insight into the question of insanity in the United States. It shows the number of population in which one insane person is found: New England states, one insane person to every 359; middle states, one to every
424; interior states, one to every 610; northwestern states, one to 750; extreme southern states, one to 935; Pacific slope, one to 385.

RATIO OF INSANITY IN GEORGIA.
A comparison of the ratio of the white insane of Georgia with that of other states will, however, show that the ratio of insanity to population is less in Georgia than in any of the older states in the Union, except Florida, Mississippi, Louisiana, Arkansas, and Texas. The reason is to be found in the absence of an influx of the pauper foreign population which has overrun the northern and western states. The foreign population coming into Georgia, Florida, Mississippi, Louisiana, Arkansas, and Texas are of the better element of emigrants. All American statistics show that insanity is from one to three times more frequent in the foregn than among the native population. These statistical data demonstrate the necessity of legal enactments to prevent influx of pauper foreign immigration into Georgia. The better class of foreign emigrants can be safely admitted, welcomed among us, but the pauper element, together with the turbulent and lawless of foreign nations, should be forbidden to locate among us. Alarming as has been the increase of insanity among our white population since the war, it is insignificant as compared with that among the negroes. Referring again to the United States census reports, we find the following facts: Census of 1860: Negro population of Georgia, 465,698; number of insane negroes, 44; i. e., one to every 10,548 of colored inhabitants. Census of 1870: Negro population, 545,142; insane, 129, or one to every 4,225. Census of 1880: Negro population, 725,133; insane, 411, or one to every 1,764 of our negro population. I have not the census returns on insane for 1890. The colored population in Georgia in 1890 was, according to the United States census, 858,815. There are 541 insane negroes in the asylum at present, and a large number of appli cations on file for admission into the institution, but owing to the overcrowded con dition of the building they cannot be received. Superintendent Powell estimates the number of insane negroes at 1,000, which would give one to every 858 of population of this race. Looking for the cause of this state of affairs, it is easily found in the changed condition of our negro population. The cause is here, too, to be found in the struggle for existence. It certainly cannot be attributed to heredity, for prior to the freedom of the negro, in 1865, he was practically exempt from mental diseases. A few idiots and epileptics were to be found here and there,

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MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

but the ratio of insanity prior to freedom was only one to 10,584. That this increase is not even in part due to heredity is proven by the fact that but one generation has passed since freedom of the negro, and in the previous generation he was almost
totally exempt from insanity. Therefore it seems impossible to account for this alarming increase of insanity among our negro population upon any other
hypothesis than that of the struggle for existence, a struggle to which he was absolutely a stranger prior to the time when emancipation took this burden from
the mind of the slave-owner and put it on the new-made freeman. While at present the white race, by reason of its higher mental development, has been more
susceptible to insanity than the negro, there can be no question but that with the higher mental development of the latter race, in future, he will then be as susceptible to insanity as the white man, and I believe more so.
As alarming as has been the increase of insanity among the negro population
of Georgia, it is nevertheless the fact that the ratio of insanity among the negroes of the state, compared with the total negro population, was less in 1880 in Georgia than in any state in the Union. From a valuable tabular statement compiled by
Superintendent Powell, I find the following facts as to ratio of insanity among the
negroes of each state and territory: In 1880--Alabama, one to every 1,460; Arizona, 77; Arkansas, 1,318; California, 44; Mississippi, 1,505; Missouri, 1,002;
Montana, 173; Nebraska, 596; Colorado, 304; Connecticut, 360; Dakota, 133;
Delaware, 550; District of Columbia, 480; Florida, 1,490; Georgia, 1,768; Illinois,
610; Indiana, 570; Iowa, 1,059; Kansas, 1,105; Kentucky, 786; Louisiana, 1,590; Maine, 207; Maryland, 811; Massachusetts, 445; Michigan, 397; Minnesota, 312; Nevada, 488; New Jersey, 473; New Mexico, 253; New York, 333; North Carolina,
1,215; Ohio, 493; Oregon, 28; Pennsylvania, 488; Rhode Island, 462; South Carolina, 1,310; Tennessee, 1,107; Texas, 1,285; Utah, 116; Vermont, 211; Virginia, 912; Washington, 81; West Virginia, 699; Wisconsin. 300.
Facts show that the south--the home of the negro--is far more congenial to the mental integrity of the race than any section of the United States, northern philanthropists to the contrary; yet the fact remains that the negro in the south, dwelling among his former masters, is, as a race, more prosperous, contented and
happier than when thrown into the activity and bustle surrounding him when he would dare enter into competition with the man from the land of wooden nutmegs.
The negro insane of Georgia is, and must continue, an object of protection and care to our commonwealth. The trustees of the asylum, realizing the urgent need of additional provision for the negro insane in our midst, are now actively engaged
enlarging the buildings for negroes. When these buildings shall have been com
pleted, asylum accommodations will have been provided for 270 more patients of this race.

PREFACE TO MEMOIRS OF DECEASED
PHYSICIANS.
MEDICAL literature is abundant, and much of it of a high order from the pens of physicians of Georgia; yet our state is shamefully deficient in biographies
of her great medical men. Memoirs exist of some of them, but they are scattered here and there in short-lived publications which are inaccessible to the general reader and even to the most of the medical profession--thus the object of these memoirs has been defeated.
This is the first effort ever made to rescue from impending oblivion the mem ories of the great medical men of our commonwealth by gathering together in one book the record of their lives. Postponement of this sacred duty to this date renders the undertaking an extremely difficult one as to many of our predecessors, and as to not a few of them impossible of fulfillment.
Some of Georgia's noblest physicians have, after honorable, highly useful lives, gone out from among the children of men, and at the present time no trace of them can be found, sadly reminding us of the trackless course of a great vessel upon the billows of the mighty ocean. In many instances the great state of Georgia has preserved no record of even the dates of birth and death of men whose lives were spent in skilful, unending, unwearied toil and self sacrifice in humbly walking in the footsteps of "the Healer of Genesaret." The families of some of them are scattered into unknown regions, while in other instances family records are beyond the reach of men who would gladly write in letters of gold the noble record of their lives. In not a few instances I have found it impossible to obtain from next succeeding generations data sufficient to enable me to write suitable memoirs of their illustrious kinsmen. This is indeed a sad comment upon the vanity of human life, and forcibly reminds us of the forgetfulness which awaits the highest and noblest services of man to his fellows.
When I was charged with this sacred trust I entered earnestly upon its fulfill ment. I sought the aid of many prominent professional brethren, asking them to suggest to me the names of distinguished deceased physicians of our state whose biographies should be written, and requesting their co-operation in the work. I sought the aid of my brethren in order, first, that I might impartially discharge the duty of selection of subjects of memoirs; second, want of personal acquaintance with many of these prominent men rendered it impossible for me to write suitable sketches of them. I therefore sought assistance of my brethren who were per sonal friends or intimate acquaintances of the deceased, and who were thereby sufficiently familiar with their life work to enable them to accurately estimate these men and faithfully discharge this delicate task. From those whose co-operation I sought came prompt promises of compliance. Some of these pledges were promptly fulfilled, while some were never redeemed. The list of biographies fails of many names whose services to suffering humanity rendered them worthy of the highest praise and everlasting remembrance. These omissions, however, were through no intentional fault of mine. In some instances it was impossible, through mutations of time and circumstances, to gather together the data necessary to

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such work. In other instances the list fails because I did not, and under the circumstances could not, know enough of the men to properly estimate their worth.
As best I could I have conscientiously discharged the sacred duty to my dead
brethren. It has been a labor of love to men whose memories I delight to revere, notwithstanding I never knew some of them. In some instances I have adopted biographies written by men whose familiarity with the deceased specially
qualified them for the work. In such cases I have endeavored to give credit to the writers. Each and all of the learned professions speak to succeeding gen
erations through the lives of their great men. I feel assured that the medical
profession of Georgia furnished a greater ratio of distinguished men than did any other one of the learned callings. The men whose biographies are here presented \vere not equally great

"Order is heaven's first law, and this confess'd. Some are, and must be, greater than the rest."

Some of them were great because of their marvelous genius; some great because of their resplendent character; some great because of their utter unsel fishness--umveariedly devoting their time and talent in gratuitously ministering to the sick and wounded whenever and wherever called; some were great in heroic discharge of duty in unflinchingly battling with "the pestilence that walketh in darkness"; others were great because of the thousands of little, unremembered acts of kindness and love bestowed upon their fellows in their daily work: some of them were great in that they surmounted the obstacles of humble birth and defective education, and by dint of personal merit became the peers of those who entered the profession under the favoring auspices of family prestige, wealth and erudition; some were great because they exemplified each and all of these virtues: all of them were great in that their conduct was inspired and guided
by integrity. Xone of them were perfect. The wisest and the noblest of men have erred. I have not attempted to point out their foibles. Let us draw the veil of charity over their faults, whatever they may have been, and withhold not from their memories the praise which their virtues so richly merited. Let the lesson of their lives speak to the present and future generation by showing that they deliberately selected the better part of life, and steadfastly pursued it; valued duty above reputation, and the approval of conscience more than worldly wealth or human adulation. Almost all of them died poor in worldly goods, yet each of them was rich in the noblest of possessions--character. Many of them sleep in graves over which not so much as a rude headstone has been placed to mark the spot in which their bodies rest, yet, by their noble deeds they, while living, wrote their epitaphs in the annals of their profession, and in the hearts of those for whom they had so unselfishly, so nobly labored.

"To live in hf-artb we leave behind, Is not to die."'

There arc scores of living physicians in our commonwealth who by their lives and their services to their fellows richly merit the plaudits of a grateful people,
vet I have not attempted to write their biographies. From the large number of these noble men I cannot attempt to select. Such an effort would necessarily
prove invidious. I therefore leave this task for someone who shall prove himself equal to the delicate, trying position.
EUGENE FOSTER.

MEMOIRS OF DECEASED PHYSICIANS.
[)R. MILTON ANTONY was born on Aug. 7, 1789. His father removed to Georgia when he was quite a young man and settled in Jasper county. The
limited circumstances of his parents prevented his receiving the benefits of scholastic instruction for a longer period than two and a half years. He left the village academy of Washington at the age of sixteen and entered the office of Dr. Joel Abbot At the age of nineteen he went to Philadelphia and attended a course of medical lectures. His means prevented his staying longer than one winter, and as this, with similar universities, required the completion of a second course before graduation, he was compelled to come back without a diploma. Returning to Savannah almost penniless, he wended his way homeward with his satchel on his back to take his place on the busv stage of life. The auspices under which he commenced his career were anything but flattering; he had not the support of wealthy relatives to sustain him. nor the aid of influential friends to pet him into greatness. He appeared before the people of Monticello with the simple commendation of his preceptor, and commenced the duties of a practitioner in his twentieth year. Yet there were some circumstances which eave promise of future distinction and usefulness. He had formed correct habits: his young imagination had been captivated bv the excellence of knowledge: his thirst for information could not be satisfied: his mind was strong, his will virtuous and his industry untiring. Seven years Dr. Antonv stayed in Monticello carrying on an extensive practice, and laying the foundation of his future eminence. De siring a more enlarged sphere, he removed to New Orleans, La. The effects of the climate upon a young and large familv induced him to change his field after a short residence, and in the spring of 1810. he came to Ausiista and began the practice which, upon the death of his friend. Dr. Anderson Watkins. was so large as to exceed his ability to attend it. Had he confined himself to his professional duties he would have doubtless been exempted from much toil, and from many perplexities, but he would have gone down to his grave without accomplishing the high ends for which God had made him. The elevation of his profession in Georgia was with him an object of fervent desire, and most of the last seventeen years of his life was spent to secure it. Tn 1822 he was prominent in forming the medical societv of Augusta. Tn 182"; he. with a few others, applied to the legis lature requesting the appointment of a state board of medical examiners, whose duty it should be to meet annually at Milledgeville, examine applicants and grant license to practice within the limits of the state. His plan was adopted and he was unanimously chosen president of the examining board. In 1828 he again went to Milledgeville, sustained by a few phvsicians of Augusta, and bv distin guished men of the state, desiring a charter for a medical academy. His object was to improve students of medicine by making them read longer and more thor oughly than then accustomed to do. and to make the academy a preparatory school to northern universities. The legislature granted his petition. The academy went into operation with three professors and a promising class. Its name was shortly aftenvard changed to institute, and it was permitted to confer

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the degree of Bachelor of Medicine. The patronage which the institute received induced him, with his friends, to elevate its character and in 1833 he appeared before the state legislature and obtained a charter for the medical college of Georgia, with full power to lecture, examine and confer the degree of Doctor of Medicine. The last effort he made for his profession in the state was to secure for it proper medical literature. To this end he established the "Southern Medical Journal," and for several years was its editor. Dr. Antony nobly won reputation in his career. He was highly esteemed as a physician. Two distinguished univer sities conferred on him the honorary degree of doctor of medicine. He, with signal ability, filled the chair of professor of institutes and proctor of medicine, midwifery and diseases of women and children in the medical college of Georgia from its organization to the time of his death in 1839. In discharging his duties as professor he won the admiration and affection of his pupils, who delighted to honor him and secure his regard. He received not long before his death an invi tation to allow his name to be presented as a candidate for professorship in another university, which he declined, believing his honor pledged to the state to adhere to her institutions. As a physician Prof. Antony possessed ability of the highest order, in his profession he combined acute and quick perceptions with profound judgment, and with these qualities of mind (a union rarely found) he associated an excellent memory, which enabled him to profit in the greatest degree by his observations and experience. The eminence he enjoyed was evinced, not only in the extent of his practice at home, but by the avidity with which patients and physicians at a distance constantly sought his advice and counsel in important and difficult cases. He was not content to keep pace with the improvements constant!}- made in medicine and to adopt the suggestions of others; endowed with a mind of uncommon strength, activity and originality, he thought for him self on all subjects and made improvements of his own. He was a man of multi form attainments. Eminent as a practitioner of medicine, he was also equally as skilled in gynecology and surgery. He was the first gynecologist to adopt the knee-chest position in uterine luxations. He also perfected the treatment of fractures of the thigh by weight extension. He was a bold and marvelously skilled surgeon as evidenced by a case in which he, in 1821, successfully excised portions of the fifth and sixth ribs and removed portions of the lung tissue. This case was reported in the "Philadelphia Medical Journal," vol. 6, page 108, 1823. Dr. Antony's treatment of this case was so original and bold that Dr. George Foy, fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons of Dublin, Ireland, republished it in 1893 in the "Medical Press and Circular" and commended the skill and boldness of the operator. Dr. Antony's contributions to medical literature were numerous and valuable. I regret that I have not been able to obtain a full list of his medi cal writings. The above is an imperfect sketch of his career as a medical man. It began under clouds, its zenith was unobscured, reflecting luster upon his profession and state. Dr. Antony was a most laborious man. The task cf self-education was to be accomplished and he commenced and finished it with noble devotion. The science he had selected, requiring unremitting appli cation and study, can only be mastered by unceasing effort He loved not ease. He rarely allowed himself more than four hours for sleep. Amid the duties of practitioner, professor and editor, he could find moments for cultivating his taste for music, painting, poetry and literature. He commenced and closed his life a student. As a man, he had his reverses; he shared largely in the sorrows of life, opposition in many forms appearing against him, and was heard to say he had never attempted any important end without incurring the displeasure of some of his fellows. This to him was a matter of exceeding regret Possessed of

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refined sensibilities, he suffered much with patience. These things, however, never affected his sense of duty, nor caused him to relax his efforts; they served rather to wed him more closely to his pursuits, and to increase his desire to fill "the measure of his days" honorably, virtuously and usefully. This he deemed his high privilege, his solemn duty. His course is the demonstration of the singular motto on his "Journal:" "A truly virtuous will is almost omnipotent" Such a man must have necessarily been a Christian. He was thoroughly grounded in the doctrines of the bible, and exhibited their effects in his life. His knowl edge was sanctified and his benevolence expanded by his piety. There was one department of morality in which he labored with unabated zeal--that of temperance. Possessing an affectionate disposition and winning manners, he secured the regard of his patients and entered upon the difficult task of conversing with them on eternal things with great success. His labors of love were greatly blessed. His body was interred in the college grounds, the slab covering his grave bearing this inscription:
"Mortale quicquld caduit hie depostum Milton Antony, M. D.
Conditor collegt medici Georgiensis Exegit monumentum aere perenius,
Vixit annos quinquaginta, Obiit die xix Septembris,
A. D. MDCCCXXXIX."

In the lecture room on the first floor of the college is inserted in the wall a handsome memorial tablet with the following inscription:
"In Memory of Milton Antony, M. D., Founder of this College. A martyr to humanity and the duties of his profession, During the fatal epidemic of 1S39. Cheered by Religious Faith through the Griefs and Trials
of this life He passed from the cure of the sick to the sleep of the just.
Amid the tears and blessings of the poor. True to his own favorite maxim.
That a virtuous will is almost omnipotent. He overcame by study the defects of education And patiently toiling to eminence, bequeathed to Posterity
A noble example of Genius and Industry. Animated and directed by Patriotism and Benevolence."

DICHARD DENNIS ARNOLD, born in the city of Savannah. Ga.. August. 1808; died in the' same city, July 10, 1876, of phthisis pulmonalis. His early
education was obtained from a private instructor. He graduated with high honor from Princeton college. New Jersey. After graduating from Princeton, he studied
medicine in the office of Dr. W. R. Waring, of Savannah. In 1830 he was graduated M. D. by the university of Pennsylvania. After receiving his degree in medicine, he was awarded the position of house physician in P>Iockly hospital, Philadelphia. His term of service in Blockly hospital terminated in 1832, when he located in Savannah as a general practitioner of medicine. He soon established himself as a physician of acknowledged skill. In 1835 he was appointed one of the physicians to the Savannah hospital, and held this position for thirty years. He was noted
for his sympathy with and services to the poor. With him, there was in the practice of medicine something higher and better than mere money-getting, i. e., the rich

MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.
blessing of being permitted to do good to his fellow-beings. He was truly a good Samaritan. All through life, although he was the physician of the wealthiest citizens of Savannah, he found pleasure in gratuitous services to the poor of the city. Dr. Arnold was one of the ablest and most prominent physicians of Georgia. He was one of the founders, and the first secretary, of the American Medical association, which was organized in 1846, the meeting being held in New York city. He was one of the committee of the American Medical association which drafted its code of ethics--a code of laws second only to the Book of Books; a code of laws which challenges the admiration and willing observance of every honorable physician in the regular school of medicine in America. That these men builded wisely is attested by the fact that, with a few minor amendments, this code remains as it was adopted in 1847, a"d to-day governs every medical society of the regular school in America. Dr. Arnold has held many prominent positions in the American Medical assodation. In 1852 he was elected vice-presidentl He was also one of the founders of the Medical Society of the State of Georgia; was chairman of the committee which drafted the constitution and by-laws of this society. At its organization he was elected first vice-president, and in 1851 was elected president of the society. In 1853, when the medical college of Savannah was organized, Dr. Arnold was elected professor of theory and practice of medicine--a position which he held for years, and the duties of which he discharged with great credit to the college and himself. Fluent of speech, eloquent in words, unusually gifted in professional acumen, he was an ideal teacher of medicine. As a teacher he had few equals--no superiors. He was an active member of the Georgia Medical society of Savannah, for fifteen years its president, and for a long number of years its leading member. Dr. Arnold constantly labored to organize the medical profession of his city, state, and nation into a brotherhood promoting every necessary reform. In all these societies he was ever a leader. Tall in stature, commanding in appear ance, courtly in manner, remarkably gifted as a public speaker, he had few equals in debate. Utterly unselfish, he acted always from a sense of duty, and ever in the interest of truth and justice. His manliness, his high sense of honor, his utter unselfishness, his love of justice, and his great ability won for him the respect and confidence of his confreres in whatever body of men he appeared. He was a man of marked humor and possessed of wonderful power in satire, though it was never wielded so as to wound or offend. While fully in love with his profession, he took great interest in all public measures affecting the welfare of his city and state. Xo man labored more assiduously to promote the sanitary condition of Savannah. When rice fields were permitted to exist within the city of Savannah and the immediate vicinity, and thus decimate the inhabitants by malaria so engen dered, Dr. Arnold used his great influence in moulding public sentiment and legal enactments to suppress the evil. Every sanitary measure had his advocacy. It was largely due to his influence that an ample and healthful public water supply was secured in Savannah. He was chosen president of the water commission of that city, and served in that position for thirty-five consecutive years. He was for a number of years a member of the board of health of Savannah; a member of the masonic fraternity for fifty years, holding high official positions in the order, and member of the board of managers of the Savannah city hospital. He was also one of the founders of the Georgia Historical society. His interest in public affairs naturally led him into politics. He was repeatedly elected an alderman, and in 1843, 1851, 1859, and 1863, was elected mayor of Savannah, the latter term extending to the close of the war. He was several times elected to the general assembly of the
state, serving in both the house and the senate. In the general assembly he exerted a commanding influence. Although fond of politics and actively engaged therein, he never lost his interest in and love for his profession. His reputation as a

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medical teacher and practitioner was not limited to his city or state. He was well and favorably known to the medical profession of the United States and Europe, by reason of his classic treatise on yellow fever. He was an expert in this disease, and did great service in teaching the medical profession of the world the differential diagnosis of yellow fever from malarial fevers. His description of the pathological anatomy of the liver in yellow fever, with the colored plates he had prepared under his personal direction, showing the boxwood-colored liver of the disease, is authority upon the subject at the present day. The following is a partial list of the contributions of Dr. Arnold to medical literature: "Dengue, or Break-Bone Fever, as it Appeared in Savannah in 1850;" an essay on "The Relation of Bilious and Yellow Fevers," read by request before the State Medical society in 1850; address, as president of the Georgia State Medical society, on the "Reciprocal Duty of Physicians and the Public to Each Other;" "Identity of Dengue, or Break-Bone Fever and Yellow Fever;" "Address before the Georgia Medical Society;" "Cases of Yellow Fever;" "Yellow Fever;" "Yellow Fever;" "The Epidemics of Savannah, Ga., in 1847 and 1848." In the several epidemics of yellow fever in Savannah during Dr. Arnold's life, he rendered valuable and conspicuous service. Dr. Arnold was truly the beloved physician in the hearts of the citizens of Savannah. His death was an irreparable loss to his city and state. When he died, the mayor of Savannah convened the board of aldermen in special session, and feelingly announced the death of the great and good physician. The board of aldermen adopted resolutions expressive of the high esteem in which Dr. Arnold was held in that city, and subsequently attended his funeral in a body. The funeral was one of the largest ever held in the state--all classes thus testifying their great love for the deceased. In the death of Dr. Arnold the city of Savannah and the state of Georgia lost one of its noblest, best citizens, and the medical profession of that city, the state and the
nation mourns the loss of a good Samaritan and savant.

DICHARD BANKS, M. D.* Richard Banks, the subject of this sketch, was born at the paternal homestead in Elbert county in 1784. After such prelimin
ary training as the schools in the vicinity afforded, he was transferred to Athens,the seat of the state university, and pursued his classical studies in the class which graduated the Hon. Joseph Henry Lumpkin, the great chief justice of the supreme court of the state of Georgia. Having selected medicine as a profession, he studied it diligently and successfully under private instruction. He then matricu lated in the university of Pennsylvania, and after a pupilage of two years in it he graduated M. D. in 1820. After another year's residence in the hospital he returned to Georgia and established himself in practice in the village of Ruckersville, in his native county. With his fine opportunities, his thorough preparation, his sturdy intellect, his talent for original observation, his cool courage in adopting an'd executing the conclusions of his judgments, mingled astonishment and regret are excited at his not having chosen a wider theater for the growth and display of his extraordinary powers. His innate modesty, his scorn of all the little arts of the charlatan, sometimes employed to attract notice, his aversion to every appear ance of a desire to court notoriety, doubtless influenced his determination. In the obscure village, remote from any large town, as an humble country doctor, he achieved an enviable distinction, worthy of lasting commemoration.
" As a practitioner of medicine, his fame spread rapidly and widely. All over the upper part of Georgia and South Carolina his counsel was sought by physicians and by the laity, and the country is still filled with the traditions of his skill and
beneficence. Unhappily, nothing but tradition remains of his intuitive percep tions of the exact essence of disease, and of his wondrous power to stay its progress.
From the "Atlantic Medical and Surgical Journal."
11--12

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Medical journals in the south were then unknown, and the busy doctor had little time and less inclination to make a permanent record of his experience. As an operative surgeon he early gained in the south the highest rank, and stood for many years confessedly without an equal. Fresh from the lessons of the adroit surgeons who then controlled the hospitals in Philadelphia, reliant on his own common sense and personal tact, he felt competent to perform any needed opera tion, and taking the whole of surgery for his province, he shrank from not even the most difficult. Dr. Banks preserved no notes of his cases, and never, it is believed, published an account of them. They were in vast numbers, and of every possible variety. Xo one within a hundred miles of his residence thought of applying to anyone else, if his assistance was possible. The loss of so vast a volume of experi ence is a public calamity. A single case, related by a non-professional eyev.'itness, follows in his own language:
"It was a child three or four years old: the upper lip and roof of the mouth were cleft open, so far back that there was no bridge to the nose, and you could see far down the throat. It was really hideous to look at. In those days anesthetics were not used. Dr. Spalding and another held it still during the opera tion. I would remark that I was as much impressed at the time by the heroism of the child's mother (she held it in her lap all the time) as I was by the Doctor's cool ness and steadiness of hand. I was much affected, and of course cannot undertake to speak positively of the modus operandi. I recollect, however, that the inner edges of the opening were scarified: the bones of the upper jaw were divided with an instrument something like a pair of scissors; the parts were forced together with strong ligatures. The point of the nose projected considerably; this was scarified and turned down to make a bridge for the nose, and fastened in place either by adhesive strips or thread: can't remember how long the operation lasted, very short, I think. I saw the child some weeks after when it was brought for the Doctor to see it The mouth was almost natural; looked as if it had been marked by a fall, but had cured up. The bridge of the nose had not adhered well at the bottom: this \vas remedied by scarifying, and forced to adhere by being held with stitches. I remember well that it was quite a good-looking child when I last saw it. and no one would have supposed it was the hideous thing brought to be operated on. Dr. Spalding wrote a report of the case for a medical journal, and on submitting it to Dr. Banks, he would not consent to its publication. You know how modest he was. He laughed, and said he could not bear to see himself in print, especially in the florid style Dr. Spalding had employed."
Of the great number of such cases as usually occur in the practice of surgeons of wide-spread fame, but little notice was taken. Dr. Banks had a horror of notoriety, and seldom spoke, even privately to his friends, of the extent or success of his business. It is known, however, that every surgical disease brought to his notice elicited his prompt attention, and when the implements in use, or accessible, were not adequate to the emergency, he possessed inventive skill enough to devise and have made others suited to his purpose. One of his earlier triumphs was the successful removal of the parotid gland at a period when the best anatomists anil ntrgeons of this and other countries were hotly discussing the question of its possibility. The details of this operation are all lost to the profession, except the fact that he dislocated the inferior maxillary articulation in order to facilitate.it. The operations which gave him greatest celebrity, from their frequency and success, were those for cataract and for stone in ihe bladder. For many years he was the only surgeon in a large exu-iit of country who attempted either, and patients sought him from great distances. How many cases of cataract he oper ated upon is not certainly known, nor is the exact percentage of recoveries--the

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number of both reported seems large and cannot now be verified--but it is certain that he was generally successful. Sometime before his death he stated to a friend that he had performed lithotomy sixty-four times with but two unsuccessful cases. Whether this long list was subsequently added to is not known.
Dr. Bank's manner of making both of these capital operations was different from the methods now generally practiced. He never removed a cataract by extraction, but always by couching or absorption. He thought these methods gave better results, and were safer, inasmuch as, in cases of failure of the first .attempt, it could be repeated as often as might be necessary, whereas the failure of an operation by extraction necessarily resulted in permanent loss of vision. These reasons had greater weight before the discovery of anaesthetics than now. The use of them has given greater facility to the operation by extraction, and it is now generally performed by the most distinguished oculists. Lithotomy he always performed with the gorget, an instrument almost unknown to the present generation of surgeons. The lithotome, double or single, or the bistoury, in adroit hands, have supplanted it, and are now universally employed; but by no new instrument or other method have better results been secured than by the gorget in the hands of Dr. Banks, or by Prof. Dudley, of Kentucky, who followed the same method. In this, as in many other instances, that instrument is best which the operator can most skillfully handle. Statistics do not declare decisively in favor of either. In reviewing Dr. Bank's professional career, with the unfavorable surroundings as a country doctor, we a're filled with admiration at his magnificent success, and share the regret of a personal friend, that his charac teristic modesty prevented his removal to some large city, where his skill and learning would have made for him a world-wide reputation: but, like his near neighbor, Dr. Crawford Long (another Georgia doctor), he did not seem to comprehend the importance of what he did for mankind. In 1832, Dr. Banks removed to the village of Gainsville, in Hall county, where many of his profes sional triumphs were achieved, and where he resided until his death in 1850. Gainsville was within a few miles of the territory then occupied by the Cherokee Indians. The smallpox prevailed among them at one time. Dr. Banks was employed by the Federal government to visit and carry to them the knowledge and benefits of vaccination; he performed this duty faithfully, and gave them also the benefits of his surgical skill. He greatly enjoyed the wonder of these simple people at the restoration to sight of many of them who had been blind for years. "The great medicine man" they thought possessed of superhuman power and superhuman beneficence. Dr. Banks acquired and enjoyed an ample fortune. His prudence, judgment and good sense were as remarkable in the conduct of his pecuniary as of his professional business, and enabled him to leave to his widow and to his children a good estate. In honor of his memory, the general assembly of the state of Georgia gave to a sub-division of her territory the name of "the County of Banks."

\mLLIAM GASTON BULLOCH, M. D. William Gaston Bttlloch, M. D., was born in Savannah, Ga., on Aug. 4, 1815, and was sixty-nine years, ten
months and nineteen days of age when he died. He came of a long line of distinguished ancestry and was the great-grandson of Dr. John Irvine and Dr. Noble Wimberly Jones. Dr. Bulloch was the great-grandson of Hon. Archibald Bulloch, president and commander-in-chief of Georgia in 1776, and a direct lineal descendant of the colonial judges, James DeVeaux, James Bulloch and Noble Jones, and a direct descendant of the ancient families of Irvine of Cults, Douglas of Tihvhilly and Baillie of Dnnraven. Dr. Bulloch attended Dickerson college,

180

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Pennsylvania, and graduated from Yale college in 1835, and in medicine from the university of Pennsylvania in 1838, after which he visited Europe and attended a private course of medical lectures in Paris, France. Returning to America in 1840 he commenced the practice of his profession in Savannah, where, for nearly
forty years, he resided until his death on June 23, 1885. He was at one time the chief if not only surgeon of note in Savannah and one of the most eminent in the south, and was an oculist of considerable repute as well as a noted physician and humanitarian, as evidenced by beautiful testimonials presented to him in the shape of silver pitchers given to him by the citizens of Beaufort, S C., in the yellow fever epidemic of 1854, whither he had gone to aid suffering humanity, and also a testimonial from the female orphan asylum. It is needless to recount the various capital operations performed by this distinguished surgeon; suffice it to say that he was one of the first southern surgeons to perform the operation
of ovariotomy. He repeatedly performed the operation for cataract, and many
other difficult operations. He was one of the founders of the Savannah Medical college and professor of surgery therein, one of the consulting surgeons of the Savannah hospital, Georgia infirmary, Abraham's home, admitted on Dec. 21, 1869, as a corresponding member of the Boston Gynecological society, president
of the Medical association of Georgia, and alderman of the city. He was a writer of considerable merit When the late war between the states came on he patriotic ally gave his services to his country, and held the rank of full surgeon with the title of major, serving in Richmond, Va., where he helped organize the first hos
pital. He was a member of the Charleston, S. C., medical examining board, and in charge of a hospital nearly all through the war in Savannah, Ga. All through life he was a highly useful citizen, an honest man, kind to his family, generous and hospitable. He was an example of the chivalrous southern gentleman. In
army life he was the idol of the soldiers because of his tender, skilful, loving ministrations to the humblest follower of the Confederacy. Many a poor, ragged Confederate soldier found in him a friend and benefactor. Peace to his ashes, honor to his memory.

JJEXRY FRAZER CAMPBELL, M. D. The subject of this sketch was born in Savannah, Ga.. Feb. 10. 1824; died in Augusta, Ga. His father, James
Colgan Campbell, was born in County Antrim, Ireland. His mother was Mary
R. (Eve) Campbell, the only daughter of Joseph Eve, and a sister of Dr. Joseph A. Eve. of Augusta. After having received an academic education he began the s-i.udy of medicine at the age of fifteen, and in March, 1842, when eighteen years
of age. \vas graduated M. D. from the Medical college of Georgia--now the medical department of the university of Georgia. Immediately after graduating in med
icine he established himself in the practice of his profession in Augusta, Ga., where he continued to reside and practice, with an exception of the period of time from 1862 to 1865. when he was engaged in the military service of the Con federate states at Richmond, Ya.; and 1867-68, when he resided in New Orleans, J^a., and filled the chair of professor of surgery in the Xew Orleans School of
Medicine. Francis Bacon said: "I hold every man a debtor to his profession, from the which as men of course do seek to receive countenance and profit, so ought the\' of duty to endeavor themselves by way of amends to he a help and
<-rnament thereunto." Let us inquire how Dr. Campbell discharged this <hity io his profession. From 1842 to 1854 he filled the position of assistant demon-, strator of anatomy in the Medical college of Georgia; from 1854 to 1857 was professor of comparative and microscopical anatomy; 1857-67 was professor of
anatomy; in 1867-68 was professor of surgery in New Orleans School of Med-

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igl

icine, and clinical lecturer in Charity hospital, New Orleans, La. In the fall of 1868 the Medical college of Georgia created the chair of operative surgery and invited Dr. Campbell to return from New Orleans to Augusta and accept the professorship thus created. Dr. Campbell complied with this request and filled the chair of operative surgery and gynecology until 1881, when Dr. L. A. Dugas resigned the chair of principles and practice of surgery, and Dr. Campbell was elected professor of principles and practice of surgery and gynecology. During the late war he was medical director of the Georgia military hospitals at Rich mond, Va., and a member of the army medical examining board of the Confederate states; he was a member of the American Medical association, was vice-president in 1858 and at the meeting in Washington, D. C, in 1884 was unanimously elected president; was a member of the Medical association of Georgia, and elected its president in 1871; a member of the American Public Health association, and vicepresident in 1880; a member and one of the founders of the American Gyneco logical society; a member and vice-president of the American surgical associa tion; president Augusta Library and Medical society in 1878; a corresponding member of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, elected 1858; cor responding member of the Imperial Academy of Medicine of St. Petersburg, Russia, elected 1860; elected in 1878 foreign corresponding member of the Royal Medical society of Sweden; member of the state board of health of Georgia; elected member of Abingdon Academy of Medicine. Virginia, in 1879; elected in 1882 an honorary member of the American Academy of Medicine. In the history of the profession few men have had so many honors conferred upon them. He is the only Georgian who was ever elected president of the American Medical association. The presidency of this association is the highest honor which can be conferred on an American physician.
The following list presents the more important professional contributions which have emanated from the pen of Dr. Campbell: "Observations on Cutan eous Diseases;" "Infantile Paroxysmal Convulsions, Their Identity with Intermit tent Fever, and Their Treatment with Quinine;" "Dentition in Producing Disease (Reflex-secretory or Vaso-motor Action);1' "Epidemic Dengue Fever;'' "Law Governing the Distribution of Striped and Unstriped Muscular Fiber:" "Injuries to the Cranium in Their Relation to Consciousness;" "Bilateral Lith otomy;" "Unusual Form of Fever and Dysentery;" "Report on Surgery;" "The Nature of Typhoid Fever;*' "The Sympathetic Xerve in Reflex Phenomena a Question of Priority of Announcement with M. Claud Bernard:" "Strangulated Ventral Hernia During Pregnancy;" "Clinical Lecture on Traumatic Tetanus;" "Meckel's Ganglion;" "Classification of Febrile Diseases by the Nervous System:" "The Nervous System in Febrile Diseases, Excito-secretory or Reflex 'Vasomotor' Action, the Basis of Their Phenomena:" "The Secretorv and Excito-secre tory System;" "Caffeine as an Antidote to Opium;" "A New 'Ready Method.' Artificial Respiration in the Sitting Posture;" "Croup, a Paroxysmal Neurosis, Its Treatment with Quinine;" "The Effect of Caffeine Upon the Muscular Sys tem;" "The Georgia Military Hospitals of Richmond;" "Traumatic Hemorrhages and the Arteries;" etc; a chapter in the Confederate Manual of Military Surgery. i vol. 121110, p. 297, Richmond, 1863 (in this chapter the principle of ligating the main arterial trunk of a limb, for the cure of inflammation, and for gangrene. is announced); "The Hunterian Ligation of Arteries in Destructive Inflamma tion;" "Inflammation;" "Position;" "Position, Pneumatic Pressure, and Mechan ical Appliance in Uterine Displacement;" "Registration and Sanitation;" "Blood letting in Puerperal Eclampsia;" "Railroad Transportation of Disease Germs;" (yellow and dengue fever in the south in 1839, 1850, 1854, and 1876) report of

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state board of health of Georgia, 1876; "Pneumatic Self-replacement in Disloca tions, of the Gravid and Xon-gravid Uterus;" ''Calculi in the Bladder After the Cure of Vesico-vaginal Fistula f ''The Xeuro-dynamic Etiology and Pathology of Urinary Calculus;'' "Arterial Ligation in the Treatment of Traumatic Inflamma tion and Gangrene;" "Strictures of the Oesophagus, Their Nature and Treatment:'' "Rectal Alimentation in the Xausea and Inanition of Pregnancy." Any sketch omitting to mention the discovery of the excito-secretory system of nerves by Dr. Campbell would do him great injustice. Three years after his discovery the great English physiologist, Marshall Hall, announced through the "London Lancet" that he had discovered this system. Upon reading Dr. Hall's paper Dr. Campbell promptly presented him with copies of his publication several years preceding that of Dr. Hall. Dr. Hall immediately by letter to Dr. Campbell and through the medical press withdrew his claim and awarded the credit to Dr. Campbell. He said: "It would be unjust to deny that Dr. Campbell has the merit of having first called attention to the excito-secretory system, in the year 1850, and that he imposed this very designation in 1853. So far, Dr. Campbell's claims are undeni able, and we would say palman qui meruit ferat." An examination of the vast number of contributions which he has made to medical science attests the versa tility of his genius, and points to the enthusiasm of the scientist As a general practitioner of medicine Dr. Campbell was a careful and accurate diagnostician, and treated his cases with a discriminating judgment which was well nigh unerring. At the bedside he was tender, sympathetic and attentive. He sat with his patients by the hour, and unweariedly ministered to their ills of mind and body. Like St. Luke he was the "beloved physician." He was friend as well as physician --as all true physicians are. Dr. Campbell was a great surgeon. Great surgeons are rare productions. This country is full of mechanical surgeons--men ready and eager to cut and slash into almost every organ of the human body, yet lamentably ignorant of that conservatism which knows and relies upon the recuperative powers of nature aided by enlightened therapeutics. Dr. Campbell was a great surgeon not only in the dextrous use of instruments, but in conserva tism, and thereby frequently saved limbs and organs of the body which would have been sacrificed by the surgical jobber. Among the great surgeons of America he was regarded as the peer of the greatest of them. In the year book of the American Surgical association some of its ablest papers are from the pen of Dr. Campbell. He was eminent as a gynecologist. In the American Gynecological society he held high official position, and contributed to its volumes several of its ablest and most instructive papers. He was an eminent sanitarian, a member of the American Public Health association, held the office of vice-president, and contributed able papers to the volumes of its transactions. Great as he unques tionably was in all departments of medicine, he was greatest as a medical teacher. He was cast in the mold in which great instructors are born. I have sat under almost every one of the most renowned medical teachers in America, and give it as my opinion that in this field Dr. Campbell had few equals, and no superiors in this country. His marvelously inquisitive and acquisitive mind, coupled with his great ability as an original thinker, constituted him a profound medical philos opher. His mind was a vast encyclopedia of medicine in all its branches. He was perfectly familiar with all medical questions as to their historical, anatomical, physiological, pathological, clinical and therapeutical aspects. He was in no sense a mere theorist--he was intensely practical. In the lecture room he was fluent of speech, and the natural ease and simplicity of manner, the clearness and direct ness, the earnestness, the animation with which he lectured evidenced the fact that he sought to impress the minds of the students with the importance of the great

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truths he presented to them. So accurate and fascinating were his descriptive facul ties that even upon subjects which students regarded as dry and irksome-- anatomy for example--he awakened interest and a desire for knowledge. He was
easy of access by the students. The door of his private room was never closed to those who sought his assistance. After his lecture hour was over he lingered with the students who crowded around him plying him with questions. With
cordiality and kindness, a face radiant with smiles and happiness--he answered their questions, and thus convinced them that he felt a personal interest in every one of them. In consequence of his considerate attention to them they loved him --called him "Uncle Henry," and ever delighted to hear the bell ring which sum moned them to his lecture room. In the quiz room he had the rare faculty of so formulating questions as to suggest the answers to the class. As a medical teacher he was not only an educator of medical students, but was an instructor of medical teachers. Whenever and wherever Dr. Campbell appeared before his profes sional brethren, whether in city, state, national or international societies--as he often did--he commanded the highest respect and closest attention of everybody present. In medical councils he was regarded as an oracle. He charmed his brethren by his marvelous genius in all questions in medical science. I have often sat with him in national medical societies and have seen him hold hundreds of the ablest physicians in America spell-bound by his fascinating, eloquent, bril liant discussions. No citizen of this grand old state ever added greater luster to the name and fame of Georgia than did Henry F. Campbell. The admiration and love of the medical profession of this country for Dr. Campbell exceeded anything I ever witnessed. Whenever I have gone to meetings of state or national medical associations, meeting physicians from all parts of the commonwealth, and from all sections of this vast nation, almost invariably the first question asked was: "Is Henry Campbell here?" If he was in attendance they sought him and paid their respects. If absent they charged me to convey some message of loving remem brance of him. By the princely men of the profession he was regarded as a
prince. Yet he was simple and artless, utterly devoid of affectation or egotism, and was cordial and respectful in his bearing toward the humblest member of the profession. Often observing his bearing toward his brethren of all classes I have been lost in admiration of his unbounded courtesy. Throughout his long and laborious life Dr. Campbell was emphatically the young doctors' friend. He cheerfully responded to their frequent and unreasonable demands upon his time and skill, and did it so willingly and cordially that his younger brethren felt at liberty to call for his aid when they needed it.
It requires a great and good man to unselfishly serve his younger brethren as he did. It requires a great soul to willingly help his competitors to fame as did Dr. Campbell. The small man treats his brethien with neglect or secret opposi tion when they enter into competition with him. Xot so with Dr. Campbell. He seemed to delight in the success of his juniors, and though they occasionally suc ceeded to practice which had been his, he was as kind and cordial to them as ever. When called in consultation with his brethren he treated them with that courtesy which always marks the gentleman. To his honor be it said he care
fully refrained from word or act which would reflect upon their reputation, and higher and better still he never "damned them with faint praise" as the small man is wont to do. As a consequence of his considerate and just treatment of hi> brethren they all loved him devotedly, and trusted him implicitly. 1 knew Dr.
Campbell as thoroughly well as anyone save those of his immediate household. A more genial, companionable, noble-hearted man never lived. But few men ever possessed as many virtues and so few foibles. There was nothing small about

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him. He was considerate and generous in thought, speech and act toward every body. He had less resentment and more charity toward the small men who attempted to wrong him than any man I ever knew. I never saw him angered at any time or with anybody. He was noted for his bright, joyous disposition. He was one of the most learned men in general literature whom I ever met.' He was perfectly familiar with ancient and modern classics, and fascinated learned men by his profound and eloquent discussions thereon. In social life he was one of the most charming of men. As a Christian, Dr. Campbell was a strong man if we measure him by David's standard of manhood. When David was upon his dying bed he called his son Solomon and said: "I go the way of all the earth; be thou strong therefore and show thyself a man." David then tells Solomon how to show himself a man--"Keep the charge of the Lord thy God, to walk in his ways, to keep his statutes, and his commandments, and his judgments, and his testimonies." Dr. Campbell was a royal, Godly man. His position as a ruling elder in the First Presbyterian church fully attests his exalted Christian character. As there is a profound philosophy in medicine, so also is there a profound philosophy in religion, and his great mind had penetrated deeply into it. He fully understood that "men as men can reach no higher than the Son of God, the perfect head and pattern of mankind." When abstruse theological questions were presented to him for solution and he found reason unable to explain them, he set reason behind him. and with the simplicity of a little child he answered them with the great, manly answer: "My faith looks up to Thee, Thou Lamb of Calvary." A man like Dr. Campbell--the embodiment of excellence in every station--exemplifying human nature in its highest and best estate--commanded as he richly merited the unstinted homage of all who knew him. I do not speak merely of the homage paid him because of his wonderful intellectuality. Intellect of high order was but one of his possessions. He had that which adorned intellect and made it more resplendent--exalted character. While intellectual development of high order always elicits human admiration, exalted character always commands uni versal respect and love. Intellect, worldly riches, power, do not make the man-- it is the possession of a loving, manly, royal heart--honest, truthful, dutiful, full of the meekness of goodness--that makes the man. Such a man was Dr. Campliell. He lived not for himself alone. He steadfastly and consistently discharged liis duty toward God and his fellow-man and industriously cultivated all the facul ties which God had given him the better to enable him to discharge the full measure of his duty. Of him it may be said:
"His life was gentle: and the elements So mixed in him that nature might stand up, And say to all the world: this was a man."

Xo man had a loftier conception of the grandeur of his profession than did Dr. Catnpbell. Xo man was ever more truly "The Good Samaritan." No man ever practiced the high and sacred duties of his exalted vocation with greater appreci ation of its responsibilities. Language is inadequate to make known the richness of blessing's which daily crown with joy unspeakable an active, well-spent life, in
giving health to man. The true physician finds real joy in his work only as it affords him the rich consciousness that he is laboring in the ante-chamber of a. more glorious existence, by humbly walking in the footsteps of the "Great Phy sician.*" He realizes that the life on earth, with its conflicts, its joys, its sorrows, its bitter disappointments, no less than its noblest and grandest achievements, is but a training school wherein he may be fitted and qualified for the higher and more resplendent life in the city of gold. That he has no abiding citv here, but

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merely occupies it as a camping ground wherein he is tented for a few years to be trained in his earthly work the better to qualify him for the higher and nobler duties which await* him in that kingdom whose maker and builder is God-- whose happiness and glory human language is inadequate to portray. He ever remembers that as a physician his daily life should be such that as his work was like that of the "Great Physician," his purpose in following the healing art should be, as far as possible to human nature, as noble, as pure, as unselfish as his. Thus the highest development of Christian character came to Dr. Campbell through the . avenue of his daily vocation. With a man whose daily life had been such as Dr. CampbelFs--spent in loving, tender, unselfish, unwearied ministrations at the bedside of the sick and wounded--who forgot all and labored only to do the work of his Master through love to God and love to man--a man who made it the law of his life to wrong no one, and as far as possible to do good to every one with whom he came in contact, certainly it is not claiming too much to say that this man constantly dwelt in the ante-chamber of heaven, that when his soul winged its flight into eternity it was but a step from earth to heaven. To Dr. Campbell-- good Samaritan that he was--death had no terrors, for he knew that the transi tion from earth to heaven was but divesture of that which was mortal. As he fell on sleep the eye of faith in God had transformed the King of Terrors into an angel of light and mercy, whose hallowed mission it was to transport his soul to regions of everlasting, unspeakable joy. To the good man
"There is no death. The stars go down To rise upon some fairer shore;
And bright in Heaven's jeweled crown They shine forevermore.
"There is no death! An anget form Walks o'er the earth with silent tread:
He bears our best-loved things away. And then we call them dead.
"He leaves our hearts all desolate.
He plucks our fairest, sweetest flowers. Transplanted into bliss, they now
Adorn immortal bowers.
"Born unto that undying life. They leave us but to come again;
With joy we welcome them--the same. Except in sin and pain.
"And ever near us, though unseen. The dear, immortal spirits tread:
For all the boundless universe Is life--there is no dead."

QEORGE FRANKLIN COOPER. M. D. The subject of this notice was born in Wilkes county, Ga., July 31, 1825. His father was a large planter and a
Baptist preacher. When three years old Dr. Cooper moved with his father's family to Harris county, in this state. He received his education at the academy in Harris county. Beginning the study of medicine, he took his first course of lectures in Transylvania university, Kentucky, and his second course at Jefferson Medical college, Philadelphia, Pa., from which college he graduated in March, 1845. He began the practice of medicine at Perry, Houston Co., Ga., in 1846. In 1847 'ie returned to Philadelphia to perfect his medical education. He remained in Phila delphia during 1847 and a portion of 1848. In 1850 he entered Charity hospital at New Orleans. After remaining a year in this vast hospital, he. with a mind stored

MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.
with the rare experience thus obtained, returned to Perry, Ga., and began the active practice of medicine. He practiced his profession at Pern- until 1854, when he removed to Americus, Ga. Dr. S. B. Hawkins, who kindly furnished most of the data from which this tribute is written, says: "Here he practiced his profession successfully, and occupied a pre-eminently high stand in that noble calling, until 1856, when he relinquished the practice of medicine and commenced preaching, serving the Baptist churches of Americus, Albany, and Dalton acceptably and ably as pastor. In 1874 he resigned the pastorate and practiced medicine two years. He then preached a couple of years. Since then he has been regularly in the practice of medicine. It is needless to say to you, and to the medical profession at large, that Dr. Cooper was a strong man in his profession, a power in the church, and wielded an influence in society that few men possessed." Among the medical contributions of Dr. Cooper, we mention the following: "Diseases of Perry, Houston County, and Vicinity; Its Climate, Geology, etc.;" "Diet in Disease;" "Vaginismus with En larged Hymen;" "Retroflexion of the Uterus;" "Vesico-Vaginal Fistula;" "Veratrum Vinde;" "Sanitary Conditions of Prisons." This last paper was read before the board of health of the state of Georgia, and published in the first annual report of that board. This paper richly demonstrates that its author loved all mankind. For the friendless criminal--while detesting the crime committed--he remembered that he was yet a brother, and that the law of kindness was the door to the heart of the criminal. Dr. Cooper realized the fact that "man's inhumanity to man" was nowhere so forcibly demonstrated as in the treatment of criminals confined within prison walls. He, therefore, began an investigation of the sanitary condition of the various jails in Georgia. He pointed out needed reforms in a number of these prisons. Upon the general management of prisons he said: "Those who have prisons in charge should be required to use them, and thus save the inmates from discomfort and disease. It would not be transcending the work of this board to suggest to the authorities of the state to adopt a simple and safe plan, to which henceforth the several counties should be required to conform, the hygienic arrangements of which will secure the health of prisoners, having in view at least the several points of healthful location, adequate capacity of rooms, abundant supply of air and water, speedy and effectual disposition of excreta. Kindness, coupled with wholesome moral influences, should by no means be neglected. With proper discipline, moral and religious instruction should be provided for every prison; for with our moral improvement conies the improvement of our health--and this will, for stronger reasons, apply to those who are imprisoned." Dr. Cooper was one of the most distinguished members of the Medical association of Georgia. There was scarcely a year but what he was chairman of some committee of this body. He had, perhaps, been more often selected as a delegate from this association to the American Medical association than any other within its mem bership. He had faithfully served the offices of corresponding secretary and vicepresident of this association. During the late war he held the distinguished position of surgeon of Laxvton's brigade, and afterward was made surgeon in charge of the hospitals at Macon, Ga. When the board of health of the state of Georgia was organized, Dr. Cooper was selected from the number of distinguished physicians in the third congressional district for membership in that board. In this, as in all positions in which he was placed, he discharged the full measure of duty to his fellow-man. Our deceased brother was active in forwarding the work of public education. He had for years served with marked ability as president of the board of education of Americus. He was a member of the last constitutional convention of Georgia, and at the time of his death a member of the American Public Health association. Dr. Hawkins says: "Dr. Cooper was a fine specimen of physical manhood: enjoyed fine health up to the date of his last illness, which ushered in

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suddenly and pushed through to a fatal termination rapidly--just one week. The disease was rheumatism of the heart. He died very suddenly, 'in the twinkling of an eye,' on the m<Jrning of Dec. 3,1882. In his death this city has lost what can never be filled--his place in his profession, in the church, and society cannot be filled again by any one man."

JOHN S. COLEMAN, M. D., born in Richmond county, Ga., Oct. 10, 1837; died in Augusta June 19, 1892. After an academic education obtained in
Augusta, Ga., and Cantonsville, Md., he atended a course of lectures in the medi cal department of the university of Virginia, and in March, 1857, received his degree of doctor of medicine from Jefferson Medical college, Philadelphia, Pa. As a reward for his meritorious examination for his degree in Jefferson Medical college he was given the position of resident physician in Blockly hospital, Phila delphia. He was also clinical assistant to the chair of surgery in Jefferson Medical college. He subsequently served as resident physician in the Baltimore almshouse. After eighteen months of clinical experience subsequent to graduation in medicine he returned to Georgia, located in Lee county, and began the practice of medicine. At the outbreak of the Italian war in 1859, Dr. Coleman went to France with the distinguished Dr. Paul F. Eve, his uncle, with the purpose of entering the medical department of the French army. When he arrived in Paris the war had ended. He then remained in the French capital six months pursuing medical studies in the hospitals. Returning to his native land he located in Augusta and practiced medicine in all of its branches. During the late civil war he served as surgeon in the Confederate army, serving his country faithfully and honorably. He was at the time of his death a member of the Medical Association of Georgia, the American Medical association, the American Gynecological so ciety and of the American Surgical association. He was not a frequent contributor to medical literature, but his writings stamped him as a strong man in his profession. His contributions to medical literature were papers on the following subjects: "The Multiple Wedge Principle in the Treatment of Urethral Stricture," "A Novel and Unique Lesion of the Integument of the Abdominal Wall," "Transverse Septum of the Vagina Obstructing Delivery," "Tincture of Iodine for Arresting Post-partum Hemorrhage," "Cases of Lithotomy," "Caesar ian Section Necessitated by Hypertrophic Elongation of the Cervix with Delivery of a Live Child," "Bichloride of Mercury in the Treatment of Diphtheria." To Dr. Coleman belongs the credit of originating the multiple- wedge treatment of urethral stricture. Had he done nothing but this one piece of original work his life would have blessed mankind to a degree rarely equaled by the labors of one man. He was indefatigable in his professional work. Was always busy. If not engaged in attendance upon patients, he was to be found with his books, thus conversing with the savants of the profession. He was a student all his life. He was a highly accomplished physician, highly accomplished in all departments of medicine. The innate modesty of the man kept his accomplishments largely hidden from his brethren and friends. Enjoying a most intimate personal friend ship with him for twenty years, I knew him to be highly skilled in his profession, yet I never once heard him boast of anything he had ever clone. He discharged his professional duties through love to man and love to God. Neither fame nor money engaged his attention. In his ministry to the sick he was governed by a high sense of duty. To see man benefited by his labors was his greatest desire
and highest reward. In professional and social life
"He walked attended By a. strong, abiding champion-conscience."

MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.
Xo man had a higher sense of honor than did Dr. Coleman. His life exempli fied the highest type of human nature. In every station in life he was a man of marked excellence. Full of energy, integrity, lofty principles and uncompro mising honesty, strong in heart and rich in spirit, lie commanded the confidence and love of all who knew him. He was truthful in word and action. He.richly illustrated the saying of Lord Chesterfield: "It is truth that makes the success of the gentleman." He was considered eccentric. He was amenable to the charge. He deviated markedly from the usual methods and common standards of men--was peculiar. Peculiar in his courage to be scrupulously honest in speech and action; peculiar in always and under all circumstances, being what he really was. and never pretending to be what he was not; peculiar in his courageous honesty and resistance of temptation. He more scrupulously lived up to the exalted code of ethics of his profession than any man I ever knew. No consideration of any kind could induce him to be disloyal to this high code of laws. He rigidly adhered to the provisions of this code and required his brethren to do likewise. He steadfastly refused to consult or associate with any physician who violated the code of ethics, no matter how prominent he was in the profes sion. Eccentric he unquestionably was, but his eccentricities always carried him in lines leading to most exalted manhood. Men who did not live up to Dr. Coleman's high standard could not, of course, understand him, and therefore regarded him as an extremist. In this age, when self-aggrandizement seems to be the aim and end of so many physicians, it is peculiarly refreshing to find a man like Dr. Coleman. who ignored selfishness and exerted all his faculties to the promotion of the welfare of mankind. He was a benevolent man, always doing some act of kindness to his patients and friends. In his ministrations to the sick he was thoroughly self-sacrificing, responding to their calls day or night when himself seriously ill- Repeatedly I remonstrated with him and told him he owed it to himself and hi? family to care more for his own condition and less for that of others. He invariably replied: "I cannot consider self when my patients need and call for my services." Animated by this exalted conception of duty, sacrifice of self for the welfare of others, he lived nobly, died honored and beloved by the community in which he lived. He died after a painful, lingering illness. He bore his affliction with that fortitude which characterized his whole life, and with the courage of the Christian soldier he meekly bowed to the summons of the angel of death.
P)K \Y. C. DAX1KL. of Savannah. Ga. Dr. Daniel was one of the most dis tinguished physician? in Georgia in his time. It is a matter of surprise and
regret that it is at the present impossible to obtain data for a proper biography of so distinguished a medical man as he was. J have written to several prominent physicians of Savannah for the necessary information, but none of them could furnish it, nor could they refer me to any one from whom I could obtain it. I find in my librarv a book of 152 j>ajfes. entitled "Observations Upon the Autumnal Fevers of Savannah. (Ja., by \V. C. Daniel, M. I).. 1826.'' This book was an important addition to the limited and inexact literature of malarial fevers at the date at which it was written. The treatise embraced the whole class of malarial fevers. I Jr. Daniel':- conception of the patholojrv and therapeutics of this class of fevers differed radically from the then practice of medicine. He combated the idea of malaria being an inflammatory disease, and condemned the practice of salivation, blood-letting, tartar emetic, etc. He contended that all the malarial fevers were diseases of debility, prostration, and that they were to be conibattcd by a tonic, Mipportive treatment. 1 ie applied sinapisms to the surface of the body, gave capsi-

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cum, quinine bark, serpentaria, and arsenic internally, in full and oft-repeated dose^.
Where the fever was excessive he resorted to cold effusions, and in milder cases to sponging the body with warm water. The revulsive action of sinapisms and the beneficial, stimulant effect of capsicum, internally administered, were as fully ap
preciated by him as at the present day. And while the administration of arsenic seems to have for years fallen into "innocuous desuetude,'' Dr. Daniel insited upon
its beneficial action in malarial fevers, and gave it in large doses. He insisted upon
the efficacy of quinine bark in all types and grades of malarial fever. At that time
his professional brethren in America insisted that bark was efficacious only in the intermittent type. He frequently gave it in doses of four ounces in twenty-four
hours in severe cases, and two ounces where the disease was milder. He says: "1
use it in every stage of the fever, whether of remission or exacerbation, with equal
convenience. Once commenced, it is continued throughout the disease, in as large quantities as the stomach will receive: and it is mainly to this mode that 1
attribute the very general success which has attended the use of it in my hands. 1 have used the sulphate of quinine, and with complete success. I have thought that
the recoveries where that was used were not as speedy as by the use of the bark, and that the reaction of the system was not so vigorous. Whether it be the result of
habit, I will not pretend to decide, but I do prefer the bark, and still habitually use it. I have been gratified to learn that some of our physicians who. in 1821, '22, '23,
pronounced bark a poison, when used in our fevers, in 1824 declared that they could not dispense with sulph. quinine in their treatment. More recently (1825).
some of our physicians complain that they are not so successful with the sulphate of quinine as the last year. The explanation of this will be found in the fact that the
aid they received in their perplexities from this medicine induced them to over
estimate its virtues. I have recently, in a few cases, administered the bitter extract. prepared from the residuum remaining after making sulphate of quinine, as introduced by Dr. Jackson, of Philadelphia, and with complete success. In all
respects, so far as a limited observation will allow me to judge, it has appeared equal in efficacy to the sulphate of quinine." Speaking of the method of giving quinine bark, he says: "The great virtues of the bark are chiefly to be derived when that article is administered in large quantities in a small space of time: and then, it is
highly serviceable in the early and almost certain removal of fevers.*' While the pathology of malarial fevers and the modus operandi of anti-malarial agents were not as exactly known to Dr. Daniel as to his brethren of a later, and especially the
present, day, yet, to his credit it must be said that he possessed knowledge of the power of anti-malarial remedies unknown to the profession at that time. That the practice of Dr. Daniel was radically different from that of the profession of his
day is attested by the following extract from the introduction to his book: "That I feel solicitude for the fate that awaits these observations, it would be folly to deny. In this anxiety, however, there is but little that is selfish. Limited in my profes sional views to a small town, where personal address is of more importance than
higher qualifications, I feel that I shall be but little affected by the judgment which the medical public may pass upon my labors. I also know that, while I may be summarily condemned, what I may gain will be silently and slowly acquired.
The revolution which I propose in the long-established opinions of a whole profes sion, if ever achieved, must be the work of time. In medicine, as in religion, there is no standard by which matters of opinion can be measured in the sight of men;
and in the one, as in the'other, much depends upon the faith of the parties. Hence, the bitterness of the controversies concerning either. I expect few converts among those who have long pursued the profession." Dr. Daniel then forcibly shows the necessity for southern medical colleges and southern medical literature, in the fol
lowing words: "It is to those who are to be the future physicians of the southern

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states, where the fevers of which I treat arc habitual and destructive, that I would most earnestly appeal. To this hour the judgments of the southern physicians are chained to the desks of the northern schools. The latter complain of the undue influence which European doctrines exercise over the minds of the American phy sicians. That is not more preposterous than the professional sovereignty of the north is over the south. Xo man feels a higher respect for the talents, learning, and industry of the medical gentlemen of the northern and middle states; no one is more gratified than myself, at the honorable competition which the northern medical schools hold with the munificently endowed institutions'of the same kind in Europe. They certainly understand the diseases of their own climate much better than we of the south do. But in turn, something is due to our experience and observation in our appropriate diseases. The medical profession of the south is without character, and consequently respectability and reputation. These are to be obtained only by combination, the liberal patronage of our state legislatures,
and by the erection of medical schools among us. The example set by the legisla tures of Virginia and South Carolina are as commendable for their policy as laudable for their liberality." Xot only was Dr. Daniel a highly accomplished general practitioner of medicine, but he was possessed of a genius for surgery, as is attested by the following original plan of treating fractures of the thigh. Dr. L. B. Grandy, of Atlanta, in a recent article in the Atlanta "Medical and Surgical Journal," entitled "The History of Medicine and Surgery in Georgia," says:
"The treatment of fracture of the thigh by the weight and pulley was first used in this country by Dr. Daniel, of Savannah, Ga. His first case occurred in 1819. To obtain continuous extension he folded a silk handkerchief securely around the
patient's ankle and tied the ends across the sole of the foot A cord and weight were then attached, and passed over a roller at the foot of the bed. A second case was similarly treated in 1824- The roller in this case was replaced by a pulley.
Dr. Daniel describes his cases in the "American Journal of Medical Science" for
August, 1829.* His paper at once attracted the attention of Dr. Milton Antony, of Augusta, who "determined on adopting the method in the first case that should occur." In the "Southern Medical and Surgical Journal," October, 1836, Dr.
Antony reports five cases, "all of which had been treated on the plan herein detailed and with like success." One of these cases was a man aged forty-six. Fracture
in upper third thigh. "A short roller bandage was passed around the ankle and bottom of the foot where a string was attached, which, passing over the foot of
the bed, suspended a piece of brick weighing about two and a half pounds. Short splints were applied also about the point of fracture. Patient was discharged
cured in about six weeks. Dr. Antony dispensed with the pulley of Dr. Daniel, merely allowing the cord to suspend from the end of the mattress or table. Dr. Antony's opinion of this method was that "it establishes, in the most satisfactory manner, the propriety of a plan of management at once calculated to insure the
best success with the simplest apparatus and the least distress." It will thus be seen that many years before the so-called "Buck's extension apparatus" was introduced into the Xew York hospital in 1852 every mechanical principle of that arrangement had been used and described by the above-named surgeons. The general teaching,
therefore, that this method of treating fractures of the thigh was originally sug gested by Dr. Gurdon Buck is wholly incorrect

I A. DUGAS, M. D., LL. D. In writing this biography of my venerable .'and beloved friend, Dr. L. A. Dugas, it is no part of my purpose or desire to
attempt anything like fulsome laudation of the dead. Nor is this tribute pre-
*About 1831 Dr. Swift, of Pennsylvania, introduced adhesive plaster as a substitute for the silk handkerchief.

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sented with the hope of adding to the fame of him whose life was devoted to active, fruitful industry in usefulness to his fellow-man, governed by a single-mindedness to truth and unswerving fidelity to the discharge of every duty pertaining to his exalted position as a citizen, a much beloved and highly accomplished physician, a genuine philanthropist and a learned scientist. Dr. Dugas' fame is written in the annals of scientific medicine, and though dead he yet lives and exerts an influence upon men who are members of that profession which he did so much to advance and adorn. The purpose of this biography, as all biographies should be, is for instruction of the living, to inquire into his career to eminence and fame, and to explore the foundation on which he builded so wisely and grandly. In him was a rare type of exalted manhood, and the study of his life should inspire the young men of our profession to emulate his character that they may participate in the royal honors which crown the work of the man who devotes himself to the advancement of his race.
Louis Alexander Dugas was born Jan. 3, 1806, in Washington, Wilkes Co., Ga., and was the son of Louis Rene Adrien Dugas de Vallon. The DeVallons were of French West Indian descent, immigrating from France some two genera tions ago to St. Domingo, where they became wealthy planters. His father, although born in St. Domingo, resided constantly in Paris, where his ample for tune enabled him to gratify his literary tastes; he was a gentleman of large and varied information, and had graduated in the law, besides acquiring great pro ficiency in the sciences. His mother, Mary Pauline Bellumean de la Vincendiere, was a native of St. Domingo, where her parents had been wealthy planters for gen erations, but always educated their children in Paris, and it was there she met M. de Vallon and married him in August, 1/90. A gentleman of leisure and cul tivated tastes--one of the old regime--had few inducements to remain in France in those troublous times, and accordingly M. de Vallon and his wife left for St Domingo to settle on their plantation, where generations of their ancestors had preceded them. They had not long been there, however, before the revolution in the parent country extended itself to the colony, and resulted in the emancipation of the blacks, driving them, with an infant daughter and but slender pecuniary means, to seek refuge in the United States. They landed in Charleston in 1791, and in deference to the republican simplicity of the land of their adoption, dropped the "de Vallon" from their name and were henceforth simply Dugas. After about a. year's residence in Georgetown, S. C., they removed to Newport, R. I., where they remained till 1801, when they removed to Fredericktown, Md. Three years in Maryland caused them to remove to Savannah, seeking a wanner climate, and in 1804 they settled in Washington, Wilkes Co., where Dr. L. A. Dugas was born, with a. twin brother, Louis Charles, who was afterward a planter, and died in 1866. His father died in 1807, and in December, 1810, his mother, a most estima ble and accomplished lady, removed to Augusta, established a female seminary, and was so successful as to educate her family and accumulate a competency. His mother educated her son until he was fifteen, with the exception of two or three quarters at the academy of Richmond county. She had the proud satis faction of seeing the prosperity of her children, and died in 1854, being then eightythree years of age. Dr. Dugas, in 1820, entered the office of Dr. Charles Lambert De Beauregard, a French emigre, to study medicine. Dr. Beauregard dying in 1822, he entered the office of Dr. John Dent and studied for two years. He then attended lectures in Baltimore, Md., and Philadelphia, and was graduated at the university of Maryland in March, 1827. The medical department of that university was then considered the best school in the country. He attended all the hospitals of these cities, and feeling the great responsibility of the practitioner, he resolved

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to perfect himself in the European schools. After some plantation practice and study in Georgia, he sailed, in 1828, for Europe, where he remained three years, during which he made himself thoroughly acquainted with England, France, Switzerland, Germany and Italy, making Paris his headquarters. There he de voted himself with persistent energies to his medical studies, devoting sixteen hours of each day to different branches of science, and so methodically arranging his time, alternating the severer with the more attractive branches of study, as to insure constant interest and avoid weariness.
During his sojourn abroad he began those habits of systematic, varied and diligent study which characterized him during his whole life. Thus we find him devoting the mornings to visiting hospitals and following the professors in their rounds through the wards, visiting patients, and making surgical operations, and
attending the dead-house, closely watching post-mortem examinations. In the evenings he attended the full courses of lectures at the Sarbonne, of such talented
professors as Gay Lussac and Thenard on chemistry, Pouillet on physics, Arago on astronomy, Cuvier, Blainville and Geoffrey St. Hilaire on natural history, Beaumont on geology, Magendie on physiology, Boyet, Roux and Yelpeavi on surgery, Dupuytren and Lesfranc on chemical surgery, Guersent on the dis eases of children, Cousin on philosophy, Villemain on eloquence and criticism, and Guizot on the history of civilization. He also attended the lectures of such illustrious and prominent men as Baron Larrey, Dubois, Alibert, Biett, Lugol, Broussais, Audral, Louis, Chomel and Orfila. Having graduated from an Ameri
can college whose diploma was recognized in Europe he, upon exhibiting his diploma, had free access to all the medical colleges and hospitals. It was during his sojourn in Paris that he observed the revolution from Broussais' deteriorating treatment to the conservative plan of Audral and Louis, and he became an ardent supporter of the latter system. He also studied with interest Civiale's method of lithotrity. and successfully performed this operation four times after his return to America. The writer witnessed one of these operations in the hands of Dr. Dugas, and was charmed by the dexterity, success and coolness of the operator. With a mind stored with the useful and marvelous education which he had acquired in Europe, he set sail for America and returned to Augusta in June, 1831, and began
the practice of medicine. In 1832 he, with Drs. Milton Anthony, Lewis D. Ford, John Dent, Paul F. Eve and Joseph A. Eve founded and organized the Medical College of Georgia (now the medical department of the university of Georgia). Dr. Dugas was elected professor of anatomy and physiology; a few years subse quently he relinquished the chair of anatomy to Dr. George M. Newton, and became professor of physiology and pathological anatomy. This professorship he held until 1855, when he was elected to that of principles and practice of surgery, which chair he held until his resignation from the faculty in 1880.
In 1834 Dr. Dugas again visited Europe, having been sent by the Medical College of Georgia with $6,000 to purchase a library and museum for that insti tution. Having an acquaintance with Parisian collectors he was enabled to pur chase a fine museum, with many rare specimens, and a valuable library, embracing many rare books. During this visit to Paris he was elected a member of the Geological Society of France. He returned to Augusta in the fall of 1834, and began the general practice of medicine, devoting more special attention to surgery. In 1851 he again visited Europe and traveled extensively over the continent, visiting the world's fair at the Crystal Palace in Hyde Park, London. In 1851 he became the editor of the "Southern Medical and Surgical Journal,' published in Augusta. During his editorial management, which lasted for seven years, this journal was noted for its high order of medical journalism, and continued nu-

MEMOIRS OF DECEASED PHYSICIANS.
merous and voluminous contributions from the pen of its illustrious editor. Dr. Dugas was a medical philosopher. His genius was of that high and rare order which qualified him for thorough investigation and elucidation of abstruse ques tions in all the multiform departments of medicine. A mere glance at the list of his contributions to medical literature will show the versatility of his genius. Most of these papers are to be found in the volumes of the "Southern Medical and Surgical Journal." The remainder appear in the "Xew Orleans Medical and Surgical Journal," the "Atlanta Medical and Surgical Journal," the transactions of the American Medical association, the transactions of the Medical association of Georgia, and transactions of the International Medical congress. It is impossible to enter into an examination of the numerous and voluminous medical writings of Dr. Dugas, nor can a brief synopsis of each of them be presented. This grand man, constantly engaged in an arduous practice of medicine and surgery, published to the profession 127 medical papers, exclusive of a large number of translations of valuable current medical literature. Many of his papers contain original views on the subjects discussed, and some of them record original discoveries made by him. It would be an injustice to the dead to fail on the present occasion to call attention to the following subjects: Dr. Dugas was unquestionably the firs: physician in our state, and I believe in the union, to call the attention of the profession and municipal authorities to the portability of the poison of yellow fever in railroad cars, and to advocate the breaking of bulk of freight and change of cars from an infected city before reaching one free of the disease. He pointed out the absolute impossibility of thoroughly ventilating box cars by leaving the doors open, and warned municipal authorities of the great danger of the then prevalent practice of depending on this method of railroad sanitary supervision. In demonstration of the justice of this claim I cite his position before the Medical Society of Augusta in 1839, and an article from his pen to be found in the Augusta "Constitutionalist'' of Feb. 12, 1855. It is proper to add in this connection that when the entire medical faculty of Augusta claimed the local origin of yellow fever in our city in the epidemic of 1839, Dr. Dugas was the only physician who dissented from this view. He claimed then, and to the day of his death, that the disease was imported into Augusta by freight and railroad cars from Charleston, S. C. When the science of surgery knew no certain method for diagnosticating dislocations of the shoulder joint, it was the mind of Dr. Dugas, ever fruitful in investigation and diagnosis, which gave to the profes sion a method grand in its simplicity and never-failing in certainty, by which the merest tyro in surgery could say with unerring accuracy if or not the shoulder joint was dislocated. Dr. Dugas says of his method: "If the fingers of the injured limb can be placed by the patient or by the surgeon upon the sound shoulder, while the elbow touches the thorax, there can be no dislocation: and if this cannot be done there must be a dislocation. In other words, it is physically impossible to bring the elbow in contact with the sternum or front of the thorax if there be a dislocation; and the inability to do this is proof positive of the existence of dislocation, inasmuch as no other injury of the shoulder joint can induce this inability." This applies to all forms of dislocations of the shoulder joint. The last medical paper from the pen of the deceased may be justly styled the crowning work of his life, and was destined to revolutionize the practice of surgeons in treating penetrating wounds of the abdomen. While the deceased was the most eminently conservative surgeon I ever knew, he was, when the occasion demanded it, as bold as any surgeon tbat ever lived. Hence we find him in 1876 at the international medical congress at Philadelphia, before the section on surgery, where the most brilliant surgeons of the whole world were congregated, saying
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that peritonitis was not the great cause of mortality from penetrating wounds of the abdomen. He said "the frightful mortality of penetrating wounds of the abdo men, and the rapidity with which the fatal result is brought about, point directly and immediately to septicaemia or blood poisoning, as the only condition at all adequate to such effects; and that the blood poisoning is the almost necessary consequence of the plan of treatment recommended by standard authorities and carried out in daily practice; . . . in all instances of penetrating wounds of the abdomen, in which there may be any suspicion of the existence of effusion of blood or feces into the peritoneal cavity, the surgeon should proceed as follows: (i) Induce anesthesia; (2) lay open the abdomen along the linea alba freely enough to make a thorough inspection of the parts contained; (3) ligate all bleeding ves sels as far as possible; (4) examine carefully the whole length of the alimentary canal, in order to detect any wounds, and to stitch them. If the intestinal wound be ragged, it should be trimmed down to a straight edge; (5) in gunshot wounds reduce the channels of entrance as well as of exit through the abdominal walls to the form of incised wounds, so that these may be closed and left to adhere by first intention. In some cases it may be found necessary for this purpose to remove the uneven tracks by a double elliptic incision; (6) cleanse the wound and peri toneum of all extraneous materials, and close the abdominal walls with suitable sutures and adhesive plasters; (/) finally control the peristaltic action with opium, and administer such nourishment as will leave least fecal residuum, as milk, eggs, etc."' In conclusion he adds: "If the practice no\v suggested be considered harsh and hazardous, I would ask what can be worse than the authorized plan, which makes death the rule and recovery the rarest exception? Is it not time that we should regard as groundless the fears heretofore entertained with regard to the danger of opening the abdominal cavity? No change of practice in the class of wounds under consideration can make the chances of recovery less than they are now; and I feel confident that by adopting the plan proposed we would so alter the results as to make recover}' the rule and death the exception." Dr. Dugas possessed a mind richly endowed for distinction in any department of medicine, but it was as a surgeon--viewed in the loftiest sense of that term--that his accomplishments shone forth with resplendent eminence. He possessed all the attributes of the great surgeon. He was unusually conversant with the principles of medicine, and therefore fully appreciated the reciprocal connection of its various branches and the dependence of one upon the otlier. He fully appreciated the conservative and recuperative powers of nature, contended that the genius of sur gery consisted in repairing an injury or curing a disease without the use of the knife save as a dernier ressort. He had unmeasured contempt for the surgical jobber--dextrous in using the knife, but ignorant of the higher and better parts of the science. He never attempted the so-called brilliant surgical operations which consisted in having an assistant present with watch in hand to proclaim the number of seconds in which he amputated a limb, extracted a calculus or excised a tumor. To the contrary, he was a cautious operator, selecting his sub jects with great judgment, and having properly prepared the system of the patient, he with slow and careful strokes of the knife proceeded with the operation with the conscientious conviction that the good of the patient--not the reputation of the operator--should be the sole consideration. He was thoroughly learned in relative anatomy and the fundamental principles of surgery, and made minute and methodical arrangements for every detail of the operation and any emergency which might arise during its progress. His assistants were carefully selected, each one assigned his part, and expected to perform it. After making the neces sary preparations, he took the knife and guided it with an unfaltering hand, and

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step by step carefully proceeded to his work, the results showing the marvelous skill of the surgeon. In surgical diagnosis and prognosis his judgment was almost infallible; manipulations of surgical injuries were made with marked tenderness, and the patient made to feel that he sympathized deeply with his sufferings and soon saw that he was in the hands of a considerate friend and skillful surgeon. He regarded with distrust hazardous operations and untried novelties, and never resorted to either except after weighty deliberation. In his practice he used the
simplest dressings--with unusual attention to cleanliness--and avoided showy apparatus and the unseemly display of instruments. In the practice of medicine lie was noted for unmeasured scorn and contempt of the impostor and the polypharmacist. His hospital lectures abound in satire and medical quackery. In this department of medicine he was gifted with a strong and analytical mind in judging of the pathology and natural history of the diseases, and every prescription he made was with a definite purpose, guided by a charming simplicity. As a teacher of medicine, his lectures were remarkably clear, precise and practical; there was an absence of specious theorizing, careless generalizations and lax asser tions which made them a blessing to the students. He was singularly devoted to truth. If the truth of any subject discussed lay beyond his comprehension, or if doubts existed in his mind, he was sufficiently great to frankly confess his igno rance of or doubts upon the subject-matter under consideration. Possessed as he was of a mind of profound erudition and marvelous analytic power, guided by great assiduity of investigation, he carefully winnowed the precious wheat of demonstrated facts from the chaff of speculation and doubt. His style of lectur ing was marked by unaffected ease of delivery, simplicity of manner, marked perspicuity, and great solicitude to impress his hearers with a knowledge of the themes presented for their instruction. As a consequence he was loved by every student of the college, and by many worshiped as the Gamaliel of medicine, at whose feet it were an honor to sit and learn.
Dr. Dugas was remarkably kind to, and considerate of the students, and younger practitioners of medicine. He was dean of the faculty of the medical college of Georgia for twenty years, and therefore it is needless for me to portray to the two thousand physicians of the south who graduated under him, the courtesy and kindness with which he met them at the threshold of the profession, and the encouragement with which he sent them out into the world to their high and sacred ministry to suffering and diseased mankind. His love for and kind assistance to meritorious young physicians exceeded that of any man 1 ever knew. If he saw anything in conduct that was improper, he kindly and considerately admonished the young man of the necessity for a change. Advice or reproof was given with the fatherly tenderness which won the admiration and love of the man reproved, and awakened an ambition to be like unto the fatherly friend. If he called a young physician to his assistance in a surgical operation, he invariably required the patient to pay a proper fee to the assistant as well as the operator. Dr. Dugas, while an eminent and clearly beloved physician, possessed a mind of rare and varied endowments outside of his profession. Philosophy, science, art. history, etc., had been studied so assiduously and systematically that he was as learned in all of these as in his chosen profession. Dr. Dugas had many positions of distinction and trust conferred upon him at various periods of his life, among which were the following: He was elected president of the Augusta Medical society; president of the Medical Association of Georgia; vice-president of the International Medical congress, 1876; president of the board of trustees of Rich mond academy; president of the Augusta Gas Light company; president of the Augusta Insurance and Banking company; chairman of committee of city

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council to erect a monument to signers of Declaration of Independence, etc. He was elected for a number of years a member of the city council, and held member ship in several scientific and literary associations. In recognition of his literary and scientific attainments, the university of Georgia, in 1869, conferred on Dr.
Dugas the degree of LL. D. As a citizen, his life was most exemplary. He exhibited great interest in questions affecting the welfare of his city, state and
nation, and contributed to the columns of the Augusta newspapers a number of able and thoughtful contributions upon municipal, state and national topics. In
all things he was a man of marked independence and fearlessness--not that
so called independence or fearlessness which manifest themselves in acts of turbulence or bravado and indifference to public censure, right or wrong, but his independence was of that character which ornaments chivalrous manhood and dares to brave public opinion and censure when the actor is panoplied with truth and right. He never made merchandise of principles in order that popular approval might signalize his efforts. His acts were determined only after mature deliberation, and from his convictions he was as immovable as the rocks of Gibraltar, unless shown to be in error. Aa illustration of his manliness and fearlessness is to be found in his opposition to the secession movement of 1861. He entertained no doubt whatever as to the right of the southern states to secede from the Union, but was uncompromisingly opposed to it, as he deemed such a step unwise and destructive of the best interest of the south, and was also rather an abandonment of our rights than a manly assertion and vindication of them. His writings evidence profound knowledge of the questions at issue, and his analysis and refutal of arguments in favor of the movement, viewed by the results thereof, show him to have written as though guided by prophetic inspiration. At the time of his writings in opposition to secession, party passion and prejudice were highly inflamed, and only the patriot, with a mind deeply imbued with a sense of right and justice, would have dared to publicly avow them. Opposed as he was to the movement, he, however, like a patriot, cast his fortunes with his
state after she had decided to secede from the Union, and did all in his power tv advance the interests of the south. His time, talent and money were freely given to his country. He rendered most valuable services to the Confederate government in the medical department. He promptly volunteered his services to the government, and was commissioned surgeon of Walker's command of Georgia troops. In a short time he was commissioned as consulting surgeon to the Confederate hospital ir. Augusta, where his rare acquirements, experience and conservatism as a surgeon bore rich fruits in the saving of limb and life. After devoting a long period of life to the relief of human suffering and the promotion of the best interests of his race, Dr. Dugas did what all wise men propose to themselves, and what but few execute, voluntarily retired from the bustle of life to the quietude of his own home, where he might in the bosom of his family enjoy the society of loved ones, and take to himself time for reflection upon the affairs of life and prepare for its close. His clients heard with regret of his determination to give up his practice, and often the appeals of friendship forced him to respond to calls against which he found it difficult to maintain his resolu tion. He was one of the founders of the medical college of Georgia, and continued in its service as the last work of his life. He continued to lecture at the college until 1880, when he resigned his professorship and withdrew from public service. In the full possession of intellectual power, he devoted the remainder of his days to the further cultivation of his mind, and was blessed with contentment and cheerfulness to the day of his death. On Oct. 19, 1884, after a brief illness, death closed his life-work. To the end of his days he retained his wonted intellectual vigor, and at the close had attained to the highest pinnacle of earthly

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ambition--highly respected, beloved and honored by all who knew him; respected for his marvelous industry and talents; beloved as a most eminent physician, whose skill and tender care had relieved and comforted his fellow-creatures: honored for the possession of those traits of character which constitute the true gentleman in all the walks of life. These form the crown of honor which adorned his brow, and a grateful people lovingly cherish his memory as worthy of ever lasting remembrance.

[)R. PAUL FITZSIMMONS EVE. Dr. Paul Fitzsimmons Eve, A. B., A M., LL. D., university of Georgia; M. D., university of Pennsylvania; bearer of the
golden cross of honor of Poland; president of the American Medical association, 1857-8; president Tennessee State Medical society, 1871-2; centennial representa
tive of surgery to the medical congress of nations at Philadelphia, 1876; professor of surgery in the Medical college of Georgia from 1832 to 1849; professor of surgery university of Louisville in 1850, and in the medical department of Xashville, and later Vanderbilt university from 1853 to 1876, and professor of surgery
in the Nashville Medical college, now the medical department of the university of Tennessee in 1877. Besides the duties of a most exacting profession and constant and laborious service as lecturer with professional journalism for many years, he was the author of very numerous monographs upon surgery. He was an associate editor of the "Nashville Medical and Surgical Journal," associate editor of the "Southern Medical and Surgical Journal" at Augusta, and author of
a volume of Remarkable Cases in Surgery, and the contributor cf more than six hundred articles to medical periodicals, being original papers, reports of cases and biographical sketches of eminent medical men of the southwest. Paul F. Eve
was born on the family homestead near the Savannah river, near the city of Augus ta, Ga., June 27, 1806. He was the youngest of ten children of Capt. Oswell and Aphra Ann Eve. His parentage on the father's side was English and on the mother's Irish. Drs. Rush, James and Shippen, of Philadelphia, were schoolmates
of his father, who was a captain of the Pennsylvania forces before the American revolution, as recorded in the archives of that state. Prof. Eve completed his liter ary studies of four years in the university of Georgia, and was graduated third on the list of his class. He immediately went to Philadelphia and commenced the study of medicine under the celebrated Charles D. Meigs. He attended two courses at the university of Pennsylvania, and received his degree of doctor of medicine in the spring of 1828. Immediately after the death of his father, progress in his profession being his sole incentive, he sailed for Europe and landed in Liver pool late in the year 1829. After a brief sojourn in London, where he had letters. to Sir Astley Cooper, Abernethy and others, and became acquainted at that time and subsequent visits with such men as Coulson, Billings, Sir James Paget, Sir James Thompson, Sir William Thompson and others, he went to Paris and followed courses of instruction given by Dupuytren, Laney, Roux, Lispane, Cruvielhier,
Trousseau, Rostan, Recamier, Andrae, Ricord, Louis, Civiale and others. In May, 1831, when nearly all Europe was ablaze in political turmoil and excitement,
and after having witnessed the dethronment of Charles X. in Paris, and having participated professionally in the revolution of three days (.July 27, 28 and 29. 1830), with heart ever beating to the warm and noble impulses of gratitude, remembering well how the gallant Pulaski had fallen at the siege of Savannah during our revolutionary struggle of 1776, with an earnest desire to repay that
debt to the best of his ability, he started for Poland to offer his services in resisting the oppression of Russia. After a short detention at Berlin, with the assistance of letters from La Fayette and the Polish committee at Paris, but especially
through the intervention of Dr. Graffe (himself a Pole), and his own indomitable

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energy and untiring will, he at length reached Warsaw, and was assigned to hospital service in that city. For unremitting devotion to duty and ample evidences of his ability" he was soon promoted to surgeon of the Fifteenth regiment of infantry and surgeon of ambulances attached to Gen. Turno's division. The golden cross of
honor was conferred on him by recommendation of Count Placa, chief of the medical bureau. During the storming and capture of Warsaw on Sept 7 and 8, 1831, he was fortunately out of the city- on duty-. After an imprisonment at War
saw of thirty days he finally reached Paris late that year, and immediately sailed
from Havre for New York, where he arrived after a tedious voyage, having been absent from his native land more than two years, filling his capacious and retentive mind with much actual experience and many valuable ideas emanating from the
renowned men with whom he came in contact. In June, 1832, he was elected pro fessor of surgery in the medical college of Georgia, then just organized in Augusta, in which institution he was engaged in teaching during the seventeen consecutive
courses of lectures that followed, adding greatly to its reputation and prestige. In 1850 he was called to succeed Prof. Samuel D. Grass in the university of Louis ville. Ky. As to how he filled the chair vacated by this world-renowned and eminent compeer is amply evidenced by the fact of his receiving the unanimous vote
of trustees, faculty- and students soliciting him to remain when, at the expiration of a year, his wife's health failing, and thinking that the locality' of Louisville did not
agree with her, he determined to come to the capital city of Tennessee. Prof. Eve died in Nashville, Tenn., the home of his adoption, Nov. 3,1877. His remains are buried in the cemetery in Augusta, Ga. Dr. Eve's fame is written in the annals of scientific medicine. In this great country, resplendent with the achievements of
its medical men, Dr. Eve was the peer of the greatest of them. A man of marvelous
energy, tender, sympathetic heart, brave, always loyal to duty, unselfish, generous and highly intellectual, he was an exemplar of the highest type of the chivalrous and hospitable southern gentleman. Dr. Eve occupies a warm place in the
heart of the writer, he having skillfully and most tenderly attended the father and mother of the writer when they were sick with yellow fever in the epidemic of 1839.
In the midst of pestilence he was unmoved by fear, and heroically ministered to the inhabitants of the plague-stricken city. A noble-hearted, courteous gentleman, a considerate, loyal friend, the highest type of physician and an exemplary Christian,
full of the meekness of goodness. In life he was dearlv beloved, highly esteemed and honored. In death his memory is cherished as one of the noblest of the
followers of the healing art.

JOSEPH A. EVE, M. D., LL. D. Joseph Adams Eve, son of Joseph Eve and Hannah Singleterry, was born near Charleston, S. C., Aug. I, 1805. Died in
Augusta, Ga., Jan. 6. 1886. Removed at the age of six years with his family to the neighborhood of Augusta, where, in the elementary schools of his time he received his education, and by his zeal and industry acquired a knowledge of Latin and Greek. He itudied medicine in the office of Dr. Milton Antony. In 1827 he visited Europe and attended his first course of medical lectures in Liver pool. In 1828 he graduated at the Medical college of South Carolina. In
conjunction with his preceptor, Dr. Milton Antony, he established in Augusta the Academy of Medicine. This was a hospital for patients as well as an academy for the instruction of medical students. In 1832, when the medical college of Georgia was organized in Augusta, he became associated with his cousin, Dr.
Paul F. Eve. Dr. Louis A. Dngas. Dr. L. D. Ford and Dr. Milton Antony, as one of the founders of that institution. He was assigned to the chair of materia medica. In 1839 he was elected professor of obstetrics and diseases of women and children, and continued a medical teacher in the college throughout an

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IOQ

uninterrupted period of fifty-three years. He was, at the time of his death,
probably the oldest active teacher of obstetrics in the world. As a medical teacher he was an eminent success. His lectures were always carefully prepared before entering the class room, and evidenced a profound insight' into the themes presented to his classes.. All his life a close student, he kept up with advances in
medicine. New remedies and new instruments were known to him as soon as they were brought to the attention of the profession through medical periodicals. His lectures were revised from year to year as necessary to bring them into accord
with current medical thought. He was untiring in his efforts to properly instruct
his students. In the quiz room he considerately labored to teach the dullest man in his class. He discharged the duties of his professorship with scrupulous fidelity--he ever remembered that he was there to train and fit men for the work
of the doctor of medicine. He loved the students, remained with them after his lecture hour and considerately answered their numerous questions. He invited
them to visit him at his home, and in his office kindly assisted them in their studies. Throughout his long, useful and honorable career as a teacher, he boldly and persistently advocated the adoption of even- reform looking to higher medical education. At one time he was editor of the "Southern Medical and Surgical Journal," published at Augusta. He was a member of the American Medical association, and of the Augusta Medical society, an honorary member of the Boston Gynecological society, and also of the Abingdon iVa.) Academy of Medicine. He was one of the founders of the medical association of Georgia, and was unanimously elected its president in 1879. The American Gyneco logical society elected him to its first honorary fellowship. In 1882. in recognition of his distinguished career, he was made LL. D. by Emory college of Georgia. He never held civil office but once in his life, when he became a member of the
city council of Augusta. For sixty years he was a member of St. John's (Methodist) church, Augusta, and was a trustee and steward of his church to the day of his death. While not strictly confining his services to cases of obstetrics and diseases of women and children, the bulk of his work was in such cases. For a generation he was the obstetrician of Augusta. Just prior to his death he informed me that he had attended more than 5,000 cases of obstetrics. As an obstetrician he had no superior, and few equals. Whenever his brethren needed counsel or assistance in this branch of medicine it was upon Dr. Eve that they almost invariably called. He responded cheerfully to the call of his professional brethren, and never attempted to discredit their ability. He was genuinely in love with hi* work, and continued in active practice until stricken with disease several mouths previous to his death. When he reached three score years and ten his friends urged liim
to retire from active practice of medicine and spend his remaining years in the quietude and comforts of his elegant home. In vain they insisted that his arduous work was wearing him out--with a smile he always replied: "I prefer to wear out rather than rust out." Actuated by this spirit he continued in practice,
responding to calls night and clay, always faithful to duty. Only love of his professional duties ami a desire to continue useful to mankind kept him at work, for he was a wealthy man. He was the best known, and most universally beloved man in the community. With him politeness knew no bounds. He smiled ind
bowed to everybody he met, whether he knew them or not. He seemed impressed with the idea that if he did not know them he ought to. His venerable friend, Dr. L. D. Ford, charged him with bowing- to every lump-post he passed for fear
there was some one behind it that he had not seen. This politeness, however. was not the art of the sycophant, it was the outward manifestation of a _ great, loving heart, aglow with the realization of the grand doctrine of the universal brotherhood of man. Truly with him every man was his brother, every woman

2OO

MEMOIRS OP GEORGIA.

his sister, he therefore fell it to be a duty and pleasure to salute them with a brotherly salutation whenever and wherever he met them. The power of good ness was richly illustrated in his daily life. With him to do good to his fellow-
beings was a positive pleasure. To all classes and conditions of mankind he was at once friend and benefactor. It is difficult to estimate the value to the community of a man like Dr. Eve. The example of such a man necessarily rctlected itself
upon scores of other men. and was an inspiration to them to lead a higher, better and more useful life. Dr. Eve was as charitable as he was polite. 1 am satisfied
he never once turned ?. deaf car to an appeal for financial assistance. Ever}" beggar in Augusta knew the old doctor and loved him because of his goodness to them. If his friends admonished him that in certain instances his charity was
bestowed upon unworthy persons, he continued to help them, replying: "I feel it
a duty to help them, if they arc unworthy it is their fault, not mine. Kindness does them no harm." Many a poor creature, burdened with poverty, found a friend
and brother in the good doctor. He lovingly sympathized with them in their sufferings, gladly and gratuitously bestowed upon them his professional skill, fed
them when hungry, and gave them raiment when needed. The goodness of the
man was such that he had not one enemy. What an example was the life of Dr. Eve. In a city of 40.000 souls, he. as was truly said of him by a professional brother, "moved in a personal atmosphere of love and courtesy peculiarly his
own." It was truly said of him: "He daily walked with God."' Finally the old
doctor fell sick, and no longer able to serve his patients, it became known that hi? end was near at hand. Then the fruits of his life work were seen. Hundreds of citizens went daily to inquire after him, sent him messages of love, and prayed
for his restoration to health. During his illness a scene occurred like that in the r:;om of "Dorca?--a woman full of good works and the almsdeeds which she did. All the poor widows of Joppa stood weeping over her remains, and showing
t'.e coat.- and garments which Dorcas had. made for them.'' So the poor of the
ciiy gathered in the home of Dr. Eve and told of his goodness to them. When death claimed him as its own. they wept bitter tears because of the loss of a benefactor. Xo higher tribute to a man's worth can ever be had than the love
01 the poor. Love- for Dr. Eve was by no means" confined to the poor, all classes, condition.- and races loved him. and delighted to claim him as friend and brother. in life Dr. Eve illustrated the highest type of man and physician, and in death
lefc to his family, friends and profession, the legacy of a life singularly devoted to
the service of God and mankind. An editorial in the "Atlanta Medical and Surgical Journal" f-ays of Dr. Eve: "The demise of this eminent physician and
philanthropist demands a more extended notice than our space at this lime permits. The medical association of Georgia will doubtless soon pay fitting
tribute to the memory tu one of the most distinguished and best beloved of its
former presiding orticei>. In advance of a more extended biographical sketch,
which it is hoped will speedily appear, it is proper to remind the profession that
for more than fiftv years Dr. Eve has fdled a most prominent place in their ranks.
hi 1828. when lie began his career in Augusta, Ga., there was in the L'nited
States but one medical college south of Philadelphia. Thoroughly trained physician? and surgeons uerc comparatively scarce, and the obstacles and
expense of obtaining a medical education so great that young men of suitable qualifications were deterred from engaging in that pursuit. Recognizing the
public need of such an institution, the physicians of Augusta, with competent legal authority- and liberal legislative pecuniary aid. founded the medical college
of Georgia. Dr. Eve was chosen as one of the faculty upon its organization, and his name held a plao upon the list for more than half a century. Of his early colleagues, several of whom are renowned in professional annals, all passed over

MEMOIRS OF DECEASED PHYSICIANS.

2OI

the river before him, and left him a. solitary, but most distinguished and venerated object of contemplation. To his skill and fidelity as a teacher of the departments of the pan-science of medicine assigned him, thousands of his pupils, scattered all over the south and west, bear willing testimony. T\vo generations of the populations of Augusta attest with universal acclaim his patience, integrity, tact and success ap a general practitioner. All men and women of all pursuits and conditions of society, award to him the crown as a hero of benevolence. If any modern man could, Dr. Eve might contest with ?t. Luke the proud title of nobility, 'The Beloved Physician.'"

I EWIS DeSAUSSURE FORD, M. D., LL. D, Augusta, Ga., was born in Morristown, X. J., Dec. 30, i8or, and died in Augusta, Ga., Aug. 21, 1883.
His father was the Hon. Gabriel H. Ford, of the supreme court of New Jersey. Dr. Ford received an academical education, and began the study of medicine at Morristown with Dr. Jones. His medical education was acquired at the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Xew York. From this college he was graduated M. D. in 1822. A few months after taking his degree he settled in Bamburg, S. G, to practice his profession. In 1827 he located in Augusta, Ga., where the remainder of his life was spent.
No citizen of Augusta ever more signally enjoyed the respect, confidence and love of the community than did Dr. Ford. As a citizen, he was noted for his patriotism and active public spirit. Even- measure calculated to promote the welfare of his state or city found him a zealous supporter. In politics he was actively interested, being, prior to the war, an ardent whig. For a number of years he was elected a member of the city council. In 1846 he was elected mayor of Augusta. His administration of this trust was marked by wisdom, economy and integrity, such as to lead to his re-election when his term of office expired. Retiring from this office, he devoted his time wholly to his professional duties. After the war, however, when a military satrap established his headquarters at Atlanta, and threatened to imprison any man who dared to counsel the citizens of Georgia contrary to the views of the United States government, this venerable patriot, intense in his love of liberty, and fearless of consequences to self, deliv ered two addresses to his fellow-citizens, urging them not to adopt the recon struction measures proposed by the military authorities. These addresses were entitled Popular Government--the United States and Confederate States Govern ments Compared. No champion of the lost cause ever more learnedlv or fear lessly exposed the iniquitous measures placed upon a conquered and helpless peo ple. The Defense of the Confederate States Government was one of the most masterful productions of the times.
Dr. Ford was a Christian man. Feeling a personal need of daily communion with his God, he sought to satisfy his judgment as to the evidences of the Chris tian system. The examination of the evidences--both internal and external--of Christianity fully confirmed his faith and from it he never wavered. In times of trouble or distress of self, kindred or friends, he carried his burden in prayer to the Redeemer of mankind and laid it on his cross. In his daily walk and con versation he illustrated and adorned the profession which he had made. Not con tent with enjoying to himself the fruits unto righteousness, he sought actively to diffuse the teachings of his Lord and Master, hence we see him leading the minds of his students to contemplate the goodness of God unto man, and the truth of revelation. He urged his students to study the natural sciences and said: "But they exert a more direct and decided influence in forming the moral character;' they tend to direct the thoughts through nature, to the God of nature. His works,

2O2

MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

the objects of study, are continually revealing to the mind of the student, the

wisdom, the power, the benevolence of the Creator; the perception of these

attributes encourages further knowledge of

in him a natural devotion and reverence which His character. Casting around for the sources

prompt to a of a knowl

edge of the moral attributes of the Deity, his well disciplined mind cannot fail

to assent readily to the fullness of the testimony by which the sacred scriptures

are recommended as God's man; his duty, his destiny.

revelation of his own character He cannot fail to perceive the

and the character surpassing beauty

of of

its sacred code of morality based upon the principle, 'Thou shalt love thy neighbor

iafnrsotomthiytssseelmlffi.si'nhunWteesssit--thratohmiseifniccchaoatuiroraancg--teersaiesnetiscehxhopawabnisittisviosefcbadelencdeuuvlacottleiedonnctoeh--ereaffniondlelottwohsehethhaeilsatrhpteroifndcimsipoalrne

ders and restore the harmony intrinsic excellence, he will be

of the social system; and thus, contemplating disposed to render a more cheerful obedience to

its its

requisitions, than he would receive it as a mere dictate of sovereignty.

"But the charge has been brought against these studies that they tend to

htehnaiscsocbuheraaergngeet,thheIewascopquiruliditsiootfinolinynfaiodsfekl,iktiyns.oiwt Wrleedaitgshoeon--uatbwleehnotthehraiatnstgheeuvpmeorannfaowufnhodormseiatsrlurpleiunfurgstauptiaitosnsainoodnf

especially its faculties and

attainment, the source powers enlarging and

of his most his desires

refined and exalted pleasure, his increasing with their every new

gratification--the consciousness of his own littleness and weakness increasing,

as at every ascending step up the mount of science, the prospect opens wider and

wider of the

before him, until boundless regions

at its highest attainable point, which he cannot penetrate? Is

he sickens at the it reasonable that

thought the man

onwfehsiosnsfoeidfeetxlhipteyer?hieunmSchaeanhllamshiebnedneonsthborauuttlhdaeracdowoneptlictnoutmhaelelycworieltdhn,eacwnheeedecrtsleteasstcsiym, dooefnsydpeeolrifagtthhetestuhexgapgt aernestvsiieovlnaes-

tion new

which brings life state to which he

and immortality to light, which assures him is hastening his faculties for the acquisition of

that in the knowledge

shall be enlarged, all obstacles shall be removed, and the work of the same Deity,

smthheeanlDsl.mcr.oaHnlFlseotiinrtwdsuitagweshatthfsoieanrctthoatievwmneuhleymoosebefnehgbriaesogasfuetutdyideeiisanershsteh,threeervowheuaongsrhktaoftofhtfoehrdedwiesahdsseothmeulireminsosasftauignhcegihsstidhonefeeafefBttaheib,rbnllepietrdyea?esm"liidogehnntgt,

of the Augusta Bible society. vestry of St Paul's Episcopal

He was for a number of church, in which faith he

years died.

senior

warden

of

the

It has been seen that the deceased was a son of the distinguished jurist, it

was therefore but natural to find him applying such rigid rules in the weighing

of testimony. great temple

In lecturing to his class of nature, who comes up

he said: "So he who advances into the there with his bold interrogations, who

seeks to be initiated into her sublime mysteries, to behold the revelation of her

beauties, to hear the secret springs which

melody of will give

her him

harmonies, power and

to obtain that knowledge of place and authority among

her his

fellow men, must chasten himself with excellent He must come laying aside notions of the nature of things which he

a discipline severe as these benefits are his idle opinion and prejudices, his false may have contracted in the course of an

optiiitmhtayhilpleiooteryfsrsfo,aetphtchlhatieittcteldsiecstuhuccwadhareiitallinldcoitt,nneog.mr-- futtoHshthteedeshoemevaisurcsctosuitemsenecevocoeefmtsroheeucbjmamueuisatlttiianiotcyuiuef,gsehwlstyottii.tnwhhgei.tsihtgheoh.awostpn.avelinolrA-tputmihgenieaniiosdneonev,sdiewdnsaeiesstneshcsnt,eotaistanhtlfheoiotmdrosoepactanhiorlde-f

MEMOIRS OF DECEASED PHYSICIANS.

203

against any proposed fact or opinion, determined to abide by the law and the
testimony, even should these demand the recantation of his own opinions formally
and publicly acknowledged. This magnanimous trait of character, which will thus postpone its own temporary fame to the grand interests of science, you will
find illustrated in the history of some of the greatest men that have ever lived--
it marks the man who has been refined from selfishness by a constant intercourse
with the sublimities of nature."
The most prominent trait of character possessed by the deceased was benevo
lence. The poor, who had none of this world's goods with which to recompense his valuable services, found in him a friend and benefactor. No hour, day or
night, no season of heat or cold, rain or snow, deterred him from answering the call of the sick poor. It was only necessary that he be informed that there was disease and anguish to be relieved; with cheerfulness and alacrity he wended his way to the bedside, and with unbounded courtesy and kindness he listened to recitals of ills of mind and body, comforting the distressed, binding up their
wounds, healing their diseases. This gratuitous service to the poor was continued when in the midst of a large and lucrative practice, which often caused him unos
tentatiously to respond to the call of the poor and needy, rather than the demands
of the affluent Not content with illustrating this virtue of benevolence in his daily life, we
find him teaching his students to appreciate the luxury of doing good. To them he said: "The corrupting love of money, and a contracted selfishness, have no
natural companionship with the noble enthusiasm which burns in his heart If this were their only fruit, this should recommend them to your most favorable
notice; for the virtue of benevolence lies at the foundation, while it forms the crowning glory of the medical character. Without this heaven-born principle there can be no enlightened appreciation, no devoted performance of the duties
of that profession, whose ministrations have been represented by one not of our
profession, as a beautiful, but humble imitation of those of the Divine Providence. Its dispensation is indeed one of mercy. . . . Devote yourselves, then, to
these studies and to all other means tending to mature this spirit of philanthropy, if you would be prepared to redeem all those high expectations which will be entertained of you, as members of this noble profession; for to it has society ever looked for instances of devoted self-sacrificing humanity. And they have not
looked in vain; for, notwithstanding the cavils to the contrary, the constant occu pation of the mind in devising means for the relief of human suffering, and the repeated exercise of an active beneficence, do tend most manifestly to strengthen the spirit of benevolence within the bosom of the physician, and the annals of
philanthropy, in every age, display those names which are alike the boast and
glory of our profession." The deceased was one of the most polished of men. Simple and dignified
in manners, easy of access, and social in demeanor, he was the center of a throng of admiring friends whenever he entered the social sphere. And yet he was a. man of wonderful humor. It was of the type portrayed by Carlyle in speaking of Richter: "It has such witching turns; there was something in it so capricious, so quaint, so heartfelt. The essence of humorous sensibility, warm, tender fellowfeeling with all forms of existence. . . . True humor springs not more from the head than the heart; it is not contempt, its essence is love; it issues not in
laughter, but in still smiles, which lie far deeper. It is a sort of inverse sublimity; exalting, as it were, into our affections what is below us, while sublimity draws down into our affections what is above. The former is scarcely less precious or
heart affecting than the latter; perhaps it is still rarer, and, as a test of genius,

204

5IEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

still more decisive. It is, in fact, the bloom and perfume, the purest effluence of a deep, fine, and loving nature; a nature in harmony with itself, reconciled to the world and its stintedness and contradiction, nay, finding in this very contradiction new elements of beauty as well as of goodness."
Dr. Ford was a man of extensive general literary attainments. As a. part of his intellectual character he possessed an insatiable thirst for knowledge. This trait showed itself even as a young man, and grew with his growth, and continued unabated to the hour of his death.- He never rested with his attainments, but was constantly seeking yet more knowledge. When at home he was usually to be found deeply engaged in reading books. It was a matter of surprise to his friends that amid such an extensive practice of medicine he could find time for such general reading as was apparent in his conversations. He made it a rule to always keep some study before him as a recreation from the arduous duties of his pro fession, and affording rational enjoyment to his mind in times of leisure. ' He was a man of keen powers of perception, and of a thoroughly analytical turn of mind. Possessing a wonderful memory, he stored his capacious brain with the excellent general readings which he had made, and could astonishingly entertain his friends upon political economy, general literature, classical lore, science, his tory or poetry as readily as upon medical philosophy. It may be truly said of him that he possessed all the qualities of a great and commanding intellect, qualified for grand achievements in whatever direction his grasping, penetrating mind might choose to exert its marvelous faculties.
As a mark of high appreciation of his intellectual attainments, the university of Georgia conferred upon Prof. Ford the honorary degree of LL. D. In thus honoring this grand old man, the distinguished university in the act signally honored itself. But it was as a teacher of medicine that he achieved greatest renown. As a lecturer he was charming. The students were anxious for his lecture-hour to be announced. He was singularly eloquent, and remarkably gifted
in presenting his views to his classes. He had mastered the subjects presented for the consideration of his students, and therefore he addressed them with that calm ness, dignity and self-possession which spring only from the consciousness of having thoroughly investigated his subjects and mastered their intricate problems. Sometimes, in the midst of profound dissertations upon medicine, he would en
liven his classes by sallies of wit, or an illustrative anecdote, which was peculiar to himself. He possessed the classical scholarship of the highest and brightest of our profession, and had all the charming grace and refined diction of a Watson, a Trousseau or a Fothergill. He had fathomed the deepest depths of the God
like science of medicine, and aerie-like had soared into the ethereal heights of the collateral sciences. He was a teacher of medicine for fifty years. With the exception of a few years as professor of chemistry, the whole time of his profes
sorship was devoted to the principles and practice of medicine. As a teacher for half a century, what an influence he must have exerted upon the medical opinions of the two or more thousand doctors who had sat as students at his feet that they might learn of him.
Dr. Ford was an expert in epidemic diseases, and rendered valuable services to physicians of his own city, and of the surrounding country, in aiding in making an early and accurate diagnosis in these diseases. In the epidemics of yellow fever in Augusta in 1839 and 1854 he rendered conspicuous services to the sick and afflicted. After these epidemics had ended he investigated the origin and causes thereof, and firmly but respectfully insisted that in each of these epidemics the disease originated in neglect upon the part of the city authorities to expedi-
tiously remove decomposing filth beyond the city limits. During the war Dr.

ii

MEMOIRS OF DECEASED PHYSICIANS.

205

Ford was constantly engaged in the military service of the Confederate states gov ernment, being surgeon oi the first Georgia hospital at Richmond, Va. This posi tion he held to the end of the war. When he left his home to render this noble service to his country he was sixty years of age. His skill, his kindness, his tender care of the sick and wounded, won the love and gratitude of the soldiers, and all of them parted from him with regret and sorrow. Dr. Ford has done more to delineate the natural history and to elucidate the pathology and therapeutics of malarial fever than any physician in America. He contributed articles upon these subjects to the "Southern Medical and Surgical Journal" from 1837 to 1845 in clusive. These papers evidence a deep and critical research into the opinions and teachings of the classical authors to that date, and the author boldly con tradicts the opinions then current with the profession, and earnestly calls upon the medical men to give heed and study to this important disease, and the treat ment thereof. These papers are among the classics of the profession on that subject, and have been freely and frequently quoted from the time they were printed to the present day. All of the papers presented to the profession by Dr. Ford evidence a profound and critical study of the subjects discussed by him. The last paper written by him was presented to the state medical association in 1880. His subject was Organic Affinity. This paper was considered by com petent judges to be a masterful one. At the time it was written its author was seventy-nine years old.
The deceased was distinguished as a sanitarian, and took an active interest in the improvement of the sanitary condition of Augusta. For a number of years he ably filled the position of president of the board of health of Augusta. His administration of this trust--as, indeed, all others--was marked by dignity, cour tesy, ability, and unswerving fidelity to duty. When he resigned his position the board unanimously requested him to withdraw the resignation tendered. Fail ing to induce him to continue the discharge of his official station, the board of health and the city council unanimously adopted resolutions expressing their great regret at the loss of so valued an officer, and attesting their appreciation of his stewardship. Forty-five years ago the medical association of Georgia was organized in the city of Macon. About eighty of the most distinguished medical men of this state were present and enrolled as members. From this brilliant assemblage of physicians Dr. Lewis D. Ford was the one selected to be hon ored as the first president of the association. The inherent modesty, dignity and impartiality of the man rendered him a most valuable officer, and well and worthily he illustrated the wisdom of the choice of his professional brethren. Philosopher as he was, it is needless to state that death had no terrors for him. For years prior to his decease he would calmly and beautifully speak of death as a thing not to be shunned or feared, but to be regarded by the Christian man as the crown of life. Ever ready for the summons, he continued the practice of his profession until smitten by disease several months prior to his death. Unterrifietl he approached "the dark, dark river," having obeyed the injunction to

"So live, that when thy summons comes to Join The innumerable caravan, that moves To that mysterious realm, where each shall take His chamber in the silent halls of death, Thou go not like the quarry slave at night, Scourged to his dungeon; but sustained and sooth'd By an unfaltering trust, approach thy grave. Like one who wraps the drapery of his couch About him and lies down to pleasant dreams."

206

MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

The death of such a man as Dr. Lewis D. Ford, as was to be expected, cast
a gloom over the city in which he was so much loved. There were universal expressions of grief at the announcement of his death. The citizens of Augusta felt that the city had sustained an irreparable loss. His fellow-citizens all united to do honor to his memory. His honor, Mayor May, called the city council in special session, and feelingly and sorrowfully announced the death of the beloved physician. The city council unanimously adopted the following resolutions:
Resolved, That in the death of Dr. Lewis D. Ford this community has lost one of its most useful and respected citizens, the medical profession one of its brightest ornaments, society one of its most valued members. In every position to which duty called him lie was always found true, zealous and faithful. In his family circle, in his social life, in his professional and political career he was the center of affection, of friendship, of popularity; and in all these positions his death leaves an aching void, and a vacuum hard to fill.
Resolved, That this council, as a mark of respect to the deceased, attend his funeral in a body.
The "Evening News," of Augusta, said: "Dr. Lewis D. Ford was not only a great and most eminent physician, honored by the profession all over the
country, and loved by all who ever felt the touch of his inspiring hand, but he was a great and good man. . . . His memory will ever be enshrined in the grateful hearts of his people. No service was too arduous for his brain and hand, and no trust was so high that the people of Augusta would not willingly and gladly bestow upon such a man." The "Chronicle and Constitutionalist" con tained the following editorial: "The relics of Dr. Lewis D. Ford have been con signed to the bosom of the earth. His memory will survive in a thousand good deeds that were the emanation of a lofty spirit and not done for effect. Indeed few persons, save those who were recipients of his care, bounty and charity, not to speak of his professional skill, have any idea of the multitude of his benefac
tions. One of the most distinguished of Dr. Ford's contemporaries and a brother physician informs us that the leading characteristic of his life was unselfish devotion to his fellow men--the alleviation of their physical suffering, the binding
up of their spiritual wounds, the promotion of their virtues, with less regard for compensation and reward than any man with whom he was acquainted. He believes Dr. Ford did more good for less money than any man in the com
munity. He never thought of the 'filthy lucre.' It made no difference whether a man was rich or poor. If he paid him for his services all well and good; if not, the same. Consequently he dies leaving a small estate in this world, but will inherit a large one in the next. It made no difference whether a person paid him or not, though able to do so, he never failed to serve him when in distress. It is probable that he never thought the second time of any debt due him. Here then was a good Samaritan, who had lifted himself above the petty things of mor tality, in many respects, and, like Abou Ben Adhem, grew especially dear to God because, neglectful of himself, he had loved his fellow men and served them faithfully, with all his power, for the love of their Maker. No eloquence of tongue or pen can surpass this simple revelation of fact. It tells the whole story of a noble spirit and needs no embellishment of poet or rhetorician. There are few men of whom this can be truly said, and therefore it may be concluded that Dr. Ford's best epitaph is the plain statement of his well spent life."
The faculty of the medical college of Georgia, of which he was one of the founders and most honored and accomplished professors, adopted the following
resolutions: "Resolved 1st, That in the death of Prof. Ford, one of its founders and for

MEMOIRS OP DECEASED PHYSICIANS.

207

over fifty years one of its most distinguished and valuable professors, this, the medical department of the university of Georgia, has lost the revered and beloved nestor of our faculty; that in his long and useful life were beautifully illustrated all that we could desire to emulate as the true and honorable physician, the good citizen, the pure man and the Christian gentleman--that he will long be remembered as one of the founders of medical science in our state, and that his influence will long be felt as an early cultivator of correct methods of medical reasoning, and as one who has contributed largely by his labors to the founding of a sound medical philosophy, not only in his own state, but through the entire south.
"Resolved 2~d, That, in accepting submissively his death, both as a decree of nature and of a wise and merciful providence, we yet mourn our separation from him and deplore his departure from our midst, as the loss of a wise coun selor, noble exemplar and ever genial, loved and loving companion and friend."
Thus, full of years, rich in the honors of a life spent in the service of God and his fellow men this great man "fell on sleep," leaving to his family the precious legacy of a good name--which is far above riches; and to the medical profession an example which shall redound to the honor and glory of man.

F)R. TOMLINSON FORT.* Dr. Tomlinson Fort was of English ancestry. His father, Hon. Arthur Fort, come to Georgia when a young man, before
the revolutionary war, and was an active participant in the stirring scenes of that eventful period. As a member of the committee of safety; as a soldier in the field against British, tones and Indians; as a member of the legislature he gave to the patriots' cause and to his country the benefit of his clear intellect, his true heart and his strong arm. Dr. Fort was born in 1787, precisely coeval with the constitution of the United States. After the then usual period of a prentisage or private pupilage, he repaired to Philadelphia and prepared himself for graduation in the university of Pennsylvania, under the tuition of Rush, Physic and their confreres, who then illustrated that renowned institution. Returning to Georgia he settled in Milledgeville, the capital of tbe state, where he spent his entire professional life. His success came early and knew no diminution. His dignified manners and his absolute integrity inspired confidence and respect, and a peculiar magnetism drew to him fhe strong, personal attachment of all with whom he came into contact. His reputation was not long confined to the town or county of his residence, but extended widely over the state, and few, if any, of the physicians of the state have ever gained so large a clientage or such honorable distinction. Dr. Fort brought to bear in his practice a well-balanced mind, a large stock of common sense, keenness of observation and a power of analysis, which enabled him to judge truly of popular superstition, reckless assertions of authors, and to reject, when he deemed them erroneous, the dogmas, even of his favorite teacher, Dr. Rush. To the revolution in the practice of physic which occurred during his life, which delivered us from the ravages of mercury and salivation, from the dangerous, indiscriminate use of the lancet, and from the horrible torture of days of fever without the solace of a single drop of cold water. Dr. Fort contributed his full share. He was not a voluminous contributor to the periodical professional literature of the period, but late in life he published a volume of some 700 pages, which he modestly called a Dissertation on the Practice of Medicine. This book he dedicated to the physicians of the state of Georgia, as a grateful acknowledgment of the kindness, respect and confidence which he had experienced at the hands of every one of them with whom he had the honor of becoming acquainted. This work, he says, "is, in its nature, ephemeral." Its author does not claim for it a place among the standard works of the day, but
'From the "Atlanta Medical and Surgical Journal."

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some of the more important diseases are treated at considerable length and with great ability. It exhibits throughout the care, candor, acumen, originality and courage of conviction of its author. Xo physician can read it without instruction,
or finish its perusal without the highest respect for his moral as well as profes sional characteristics. Dr. Fort's popularity and influence in the city of his residence were overwhelming. The first case of smallpox that ever occurred there
was under his care. He gave to it the conscientious attention he deemed requisite,
but the alarm in the community was so great that neither nurse nor shelter could be procured, and the doctor furnished one and became the other. The alarmed citizens, in a town meeting, resolved to compel him, by violence, if necessary,
to desist from his attentions. He quietly placed a loaded gun at his door and notified them that he would permit no one to interrupt the discharge of his professional duties. \Vhen the danger was past, the fickle mob again met and
passed a resolution of thanks, complimenting him on his courage and fidelity. Laborious in his profession, as he was for many years, he was not unmindful of any of the duties of citizenship. In the war of 1812, he raised and commanded
a company, and received in battle a wound in the knee, which gave him great suffering during the remainder of his life. He represented Baldwin county eight years in the halls of legislation, and the state two years in the congress of the
United States. A sketch of his political character and standing, kindly furnished
by his distinguished and venerable friend, the Hon. Junius Hillyer, is subjoined. At the close of his term in congress, Dr. Fort retired from active political life: the wants of a growing family and the expenses of a profuse and generous hos pitality demanded the resources of his large professional income, and he sacrificed
a most brilliant public career upon the altar of domestic and social obligation. He died in Milledgeville, May 17, 1859. During all that period he was at the summit of professional reputation, of social standing and political influence. The
following is a sketch of Dr. Fort by Junius Hillyer: "My knowledge of Dr. Tomlinson Fort commenced in 1828. I saw him in Milledgeville during the session of the legislature in the fall of that year. In person he was tall, straight,
symmetrical, and a form indicating endurance, health and a sound constitution. He had a sedate but cheerful, friendly expression that inspired his associates with respect and kind feelings towards him. And I do not believe that his feelings were ever wounded by his most bitter political opponents or by any of his
personal associates. \VIicn I first knew him he was in the prime of manhood,
perhaps between thirty-five and forty years of age. He was an active, working member of the old Clarke party, and was personally known by every prominent man in the state, for the men of both parties sought and valued his acquaintance.
Dr. Fort was not numbered among the great orators of his day. I have often heard him speak in public. He rarely spoke over half an hour, and always kept
close to the questions under consideration, and without any flourishes of rhetoric or effort at the beautiful, he gave his views in a plain, straightforward, earnest manner, which commanded the attention of his hearers, while everything he raid was understood clearly, and it was no labor to listen to him and follow his line
of thought. Such a speaker must necessarily command attention and wield an influence. Dr. Fort, as a party man, was a strong, important leader. He held
the most extreme partisan views; he held and always openly avowed, the good old Jackson democratic doctrine, that "to the victors belong the spoils." His partv niotio was: "Turn them out; put the government in vhe hands of the
democrats." As a partisan he was pre-eminently a bourbon democrat. He never
learned any new principles and he never changed his old ones. He was a man of the people: he lived with the people; he guided their political ideas and

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moulded their judgments. In his party he preferred a position in the ranks of a private. He rarely sought office. I am sure he could have attained any .office in the gift of the people if he had desired it. Here we have a man who began life in the midst of the angry strife of the federal and republican parties and participated
actively in all the stirring scenes of the last war with England. The strife over the United States bank; the inauguration of the tariff policy; the bitter personal strife between the Clarke and Cravvford parties and the Clarke and Troup parties;
our controversies about the Indians and Indian lands; our angry strife about nullification and the Union; Gen. Jackson's war on the United States bank; the sub-treasury; the war with Mexico -and the acquisition of Texas; the slavery question and the compromise of 1850, stirring and moving the people through these long years down to the time of his death, a period of half a century--all these scenes he witnessed. He mingled with the actors. He participated in the discussion of all these momentous questions with much crimination and recrimina tion, with many a duel, and many a fight, and wide-spread hatred and life-long
animosity, yet from it all he came forth in his old age out of this fiery ordeal without the smell of fire on his garments, universally beloved by all men of all parties. The
reason is plain--he was wise, he was good, he was just, and he was polite. Twelve
years we were together on the board of trustees of the state university, and every year, for nearly thirty years, I saw him in iMilledgeville, and often in other places,
so I can say I knew him well. And I know his character, what his acquaintances say of him--of his private life. All can be said in. one short line: He stood through his long life above reproach. Through all the length and breadth of the
state, Dr. Fort was, in the judgment of all who knew him, in the first rank of his profession. More than one generation must pass away before, in Baldwin county, his skill, his patience and his kindness to the sick and to the poor will be for
gotten."

THOMAS FITZGERALD GREEN, M. D.* Dr. Thomas F. Green was born in Beaufort, S. C., on Dec. 25, 1804; he died in Midway, Ga., on Feb. 13, 1879, of
apoplexy, while superintendent of the Georgia lunatic asylum. His parents were of the best class of Irish people. His father, a warm-hearted, highly educated, enthusiastic young Irish patriot, having joined in the ill-fated rebellion of 1798, was forced to flee the country; his wife, who was a Fitzgerald, a lady of noble blood, came with him to America. He had no fortune save his talents, no friends save those whom he won by his virtues. He began to teach, and as a teacher came to Beaufort, S. C. Here his eldest son, Thomas Fitzgerald, was born. He removed to Savannah, Ga., where he taught a high school, and was elected a professor in Athens in the Georgia university. He afterward removed to Milledgeville, the capital of Georgia, and here the son was educated. Dr. Green attended lectures in Charleston, S. C, and was past his majority when he studied medicine and began to practice. He located in Milledgeville, and was doing well as a physician when the current of his life was changed and turned in a direction which was to be full of blessings to his race. A northern philanthropist, who was interested in the welfare of the insane, visited Milledgeville to suggest and advocate the establish ment of an asylum for them. He called a meeting of a few gentlemen of broad views and generoiis hearts and laid his plans before them. The warm heart of Dr. Thomas F. Green became much interested in the great question presented, and he gave it close attention. He was connected with the first effort made to secure the grant from the legislature. In 1846 he succeeded Dr. Cooper as superintendent of the asylum. He continued in the office for thirty-three years. It was very small when he took hold of it. It became a grand institution--one of the largest in the
Written by T. O. Powell, M. D., Milledgeville. Ga. 11--14

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southern states--when he was called by death from it Dr. Green in person was short, stout, of broad, grand, humane countenance in his youth, and in his old age, handsome. He was full of life, cheerful, merry, courteous, considerate. He was
a sincere Christian; in his home life, a model; one of the most benevolent and unselfish of men. He was devoted to the institution; he literally lived for the asylum. He thought of it, talked of it all the time. His success in the management of it was marvelous, and the blessed results of his work cannot be told in time. He was a delightful companion, a true and sympathizing friend, a man whom all loved, and one worthy of all the honor heaped upon him. The moral grandeur of his character was best illustrated by the interest he manifested in the unfortunate. In the walls of the main hall at the entrance of the asylum is inserted a handsome marble tablet attesting his virtues: "In memory of Thomas Fitzgerald Green, M.
D.. born Dec. 25, 1804, died Feb. 13, 1879. Thirty-three years of his life devoted with a supreme affection, unwearied zeal, and arduous labor, as resident physician
and superintendent of this institution, Georgia's greatest charity, bear witness to his Christian character as a physician and philanthropist Science mourns his loss, humanity reveres his name, religion embalms his memory. Erected by order of the board of trustees, 1879."

JAMES A. GRAY, M. D. This biographical sketch is from'the pen of D.r. J. S. Todd, one of Georgia's noblest physicians and most gifted writers: I knew
''Jim Gray" as intimately as though he were my brother, and loved him as a brother. 1 was his friend and confidant Dr. Todd's sketch of him is true in every respect. He has written the life of Dr. Gray so frankly, so beautifully, so much better than I can do, that I have adopted it I only add: The life of James A. Gray reflected honor upon his family, his state and his noble profession, and must ever remain an inspiration to the young men of Georgia.
"There Is no death. The stars go down To rise upon some fairer shore,
Where, bright in heaven's jeweled crown They shine forever more."

James A. Gray was born Dec. 29,1849, m Monroe county, Ga. He passed over the river Sept 27, 1887. He was, therefore, only thirty-eight years of age. His literary education was received in the country school near his home. At the age of twenty-seven he began studying medicine, graduating in 1879 with first honors from the Atlanta medical college. He connected himself with the Methodist church in 1866. and up to the day of his death was a consistent member and regular com municant Immediately after receiving his degree he began the practice of medi cine in Atlanta, and at once made himself felt and known as a man of strength. During the winter of 1879-80 he conducted a quiz at the Atlanta Medical college, and so ably did he acquit himself, and so personally popular was he with the students that upon acceptance of the demonstrator's place and lectureship on minor surgery in the Southern Medical college, in 1880, this young doctor of eighteen months carried with him over half the second-course students of the old school. The faculty of his alma mater made haste to secure the invaluable services of her gifted son, and before another session, in 1881, he was her proctor, and occupied the chair of lecturer on venereal diseases and minor surgery. At the time of his death he was still honoring this chair, and had been further raised.to the exalted position of dean of the faculty--dean of his faculty in seven years after receiving his degree. He was filling his second term as secretary of the State Medical association, how capably let the five large volumes of its transactions gotten out by him be theanswer. He was a member of the board of censors in the American Medical association,

MEMOIRS OK DECEASED PHYSICIANS.

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surgeon of the Atlanta rifles, an active, live member of the Atlanta Society of Medi cine, and managing editor of the Atlanta "Medical" and Surgical Journal," a period ical which he rescued from bankruptcy and ruin, and this, too, after many older heads had given up the fight Dr. Gray left it an ornament to medical literature; a financial success, with a circulation larger than that of any similar journal in the south, and with an advertising patronage equal to any in America. Dr. Gray in person was corpulent, but in spite of this, and contrary to the usual rule that indo lence and adipose are synonymous, he was possessed of an energy and persever ance only equaled by his honesty of purpose and kindness of heart. I knew him and loved him from the time he entered our ranks. We were as intimate as broth ers. He was in no sense a negative man; he had opinions, and boldly and freely gave expression to them. The last of all men to pick a quarrel (for he was con geniality itself), being in one, he followed the advice of Polonius to Laertes: "Bear't that the opposed may beware of thee." One of the best of anatomists, he naturally leaned toward surgery. I often complimented him upon his thorough acquaintance with the human form divine. He would say, "Yes, I ought to know something of it, for from the first day I began the study of medicine until now not one has passed that I have not given the subject study. I read Gray's Anat omy four or five times every year." He read Gray's Anatomy four or five times a year! What an example for the living! No wonder that he builded so firmly, for the doctor whose medical education is grounded on anatomy stands on a rock foundation, and will stand when the winds come and the floods descend. But how did he find the time to do this, with so many other cares? And we know that he had, besides, a large, lucrative practice to look after. The answer is--he was sober. For twelve years preceding his untimely end he had tasted nothing alcoholic. He was systematic. If order be heaven's first law, that law was glorified in him. He walked as he talked--straight to the mark. His faculty for organization and system was a prominent feature in his character.
"He, while others slept, Toiled upward in the night."

He was a man marked in many ways. Determination was written on his face.
Let him but know, after carefully considering and weighing, that he was right, then
he considered obstacles only to brush them away. In touching upon the delicate subject to which I am about to allude, I do so after having asked myself the ques tion, "Would he approve of it?" Before he began the study of medicine, he, for
some time, drank to excess. The total abstinence he practiced for twelve years is a monument to his fidelity and will, and his victory is mentioned to elicit emulation from those who consider themselves the slaves of habit. He was no bigot; he did
not object to others taking a social glass, but said, for himself, "I have determined never to allow another drop to pass my lips unless prescribed by a physician. I have never wavered from my purpose even so far as to consider whether I wanted to drink or not." Had he lived three score years and ten I am sure he would
have gone to his grave with the vow unbroken. His early education was so defective and limited that even his speech betrayed him. How well do I remember his indignation when he heard that it had been said, by a member of this body, that he was incapable of bringing out the transactions. "If I never learn to speak correctly, I will write good English, and he shall confess it," said he with an empha sis peculiarly his own. Freedom from grammatical errors and clearness of statement
were marked peculiarities of his productions, and he was a voluminous writer. As a teacher he was in every way a success. The secret of his excellence as a lecturer was, first, his thorough familiarity with his subject; second, he was pithy,
pointed, practical, truthful, earnest, thoroughly in love with his theme, enthusiastic,

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believing what he thought While he was not eloquent, his thirst for knowledge and honest endeavor to know the truth was contagious and drew the students to him with bonds of love and admiration. When James A. Gray put off his armor the Atlanta Medical college lost its right arm, its students their best friend and instructor, for until his death he was still their quiz master. I have known him to sit up with a dull student until three o'clock in the morning, preparing and drilling him for the "green-room." When Dr. Gray was no more, the army of medical men in America lost a young captain, whose career, though only just began, was even more glorious than that of nine out of ten of the gray-haired leaders. When this association is hoary with years, the antiquarian, looking over its archives, will find that no secretary in the long list has done his duty better than the genial, studious, systematic, painstaking Gray. When his body was slowly and sadly laid to rest in West View cemetery the city of Atlanta mourned for one of her most useful citizens. It was attested by his pastor, who spoke so feelingly over his lifeless form, "that, busy man as he was, he rendered unto God the things which were God's; that his pew in God's house was nearly always filled." Believing and trusting in God, he calmly
"Folded the drapery of his couch about him And lay down to pleasant dreams."
When from among his friends the icy monster took him, they lost one who was always ready to serve them; who was as purely unselfish as generosity could make him; whose ear was never deaf to the appeals of the poor; whose hands never tired doing charity. We give him up sorrowfully; but thank God for his shining exam ple to the youth of our land, so beautifully illustrating what can be accomplished, in even a short life, by industry, suavity, sobriety, laudable ambition, persever ance, morality, and determination.

f)R. WILLIAM HANSELL HALL, M. D. William Hansell Hall was bom in Milledgeville, Ga., on Nov. I, 1828. Educated at Midway, Ga., in the
Beman school and then at Oglethorpe university, where he graduated. After graduating he conceived it his duty to preach the gospel, and he spent one year at the Presbyterian seminary in Columbia, S. C. Giving up this idea he studied medicine, taking his first course in Charleston, S. C. Afterward two courses in Jefferson Medical college in Philadelphia, where he received his diploma. He then spent one year as resident physician of St Josph's hospital, Philadelphia. In 1854 he began the practice of medicine in Thomasville, Ga., from there he went
to Milledgeville in 1861. Bright in intellect beyond most of his fellows, gentlehearted as a woman, with an ever-ready sympathy, courteous with the delicate courtesy of a thorough gentleman, with a wit keen and subtle, but always tem pered with such gentle sweetness that it left no sting, fitted in mind, in person,
in culture to stand in the front rank among men, he chose to spend his life in his simple village home, winning the love and gratitude of those among whom he lived, to whom he ministered, bringing help and comfort in their hours of
darkness and distress; or if that was beyond his power, soothing as best he might with his marvelous gift of sympathy. His friend, a hard-working minister of the gospel, once said of him: "I never go to any sick or utterly wretched one, but I find he has been there before me." He never spared himself. His life was one of charity and beauty. And now, in the many hearts of those who knew him, his name is a blessed memory. Dr. Hall was at the time of his death and
for many years previously, a member and vice-president of the board of trustees
of our state lunatic asylum. His associates adopted and published the following

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tribute to his memory: "In memoriam. W. H. Hall, M. D., of Milledgeville,
Ga., died Oct. 7, 1893. Dr. Hall was a courtly man; a gentleman of the old school. He was a man of great literary culture, and profoundly versed in the lore of the great science of medicine. He was as simple-hearted as a little child, as
tender and gentle as a woman in his ministrations upon the sick and wounded;
deeply impressed with the nobility of his calling, he was ever full of self-sacrifice in the discharge of his high and sacred duties. Full of the meekness of humility,
clear and strong in his faith in our risen Lord, he was an ideal Christian, and for a long number of years held the position of ruling elder in the Presbyterian church of Milledgeville. As a citizen his life was most exemplary. A man of exalted character, liberal views, Roman firmness and courage in the maintenance of his convictions of right or duty, he was ever prominent in all measures looking to the promotion of the welfare of his community. Great as was his worth as a citizen, beneficent as was his daily life in discharging the duties of his Christlike vocation of healing the sick, it was as a trustee of the lunatic asylum that
the most munificent services of his life were rendered to his fellow-man. He dearly loved this institution, labored in season and out of season to promote the welfare and happiness of its unfortunate inmates, and to put the asylum of Georgia
upon as high a plane as any institution in America. Even when the trembling, halting steps of age came upon him and forced him to retire from the much-loved duties as a physician, he resolutely refused to lay down his work for this institu
tion--he continued to meet with us month after month--attended the meeting immediately before his death--literally died in the harness. Full of years, poor in worldly goods, though immensely rich in the honors of a' well-spent life, he fell upon sleep respected, beloved, honored of all who knew him. In testimony of the high esteem in which Vice-President Hall was held by this board, it is ordered that a page in our minute book he dedicated to his memory, and this
tribute be published in our next annual report."

rjUDLEY W. HAMMOND, M. D.* The subject of this notice, of English and Scotch ancestry, was born in South Carolina, May 12, 1809. He studied
medicine with Dr. Henry Freeman of Carnesville, Franklin Co., Ga., and Dr. Banks of Elbert county. His first course of lectures was taken at Charleston, S. C., during the session of 1827-28; and in 1830 he graduated M. D. at the Georgia Medical college of Augusta. He commenced the practice at Ruckers-
ville, but after a few years removed to Culloden, in Monroe county, where for twenty-one years he enjoyed a large and lucrative practice. He soon won the confidence of the people, and not only did a large practice in his immediate community, but was sent for in consultation in all the surrounding counties. Possessed, as Dr. Hammond .was, of a commendable ambition and laudable aspirations, he naturally felt that the circumscribed inland town of Culloden did not afford to him an ample field for usefulness and professional growth; the breadth of his order of talents should not be hid away in obscure inland country work; and hence Dr. Hammond grew restless, and began to look around
for larger fields. After visiting several places, the young city of Macon presented to his mind the inviting field; hence he determined to make it his future home, and accordingly, in 1853, he removed to Macon and adopted it as his permanent home. He became associated in business with the late Dr. Boon, and was in copartnership with him for a good many years. It was but a short while before Dr. Hammond had arisen to the front rank in his new field, and no man ever lived in Macon who more completely held the universal confidence and esteem of its citizens than he did. Both with his professional confreres and with the
Written by K. P. Moore, M. D., Macon, Ga.

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MEMOIRS OP GEORGIA.

laity. Dr. Hammond was a great favorite and friend. As a general practitioner he had few equals, but his inclinations led him also to surgery, and in this field he ranked far above the average of his day. He was a man of broad views and firm convictions, and once satisfied of the utility of any operation, he did not hesitate for a moment to perform it. And while he was a conservative man, and reasoned well upon every case presented, yet he was, with it all, a bold and fearless operator: and his success was rather phenomenal for his day. Although he operated before the day of listerism, when surgeons battled against the universal vile influence of germs and its concomitant septic poisons, yet his record in many of the capital operations compares favorably with any modern surgery. He did. under the old regime, twenty-three lithotomy operations, and never an untoward symptom. As a man and citizen Dr. Hammond was held in high esteem. He possessed a well-balanced mind, and his courtly manners, his firm, sterling qualities, and high-toned professional bearing, gave him no ordinary prominence in the hearts of his professional brethren, hence he was elected, in 1876. as a representative from the Georgia Medical association to the Inter national Medical congress, at Philadelphia, and worthily represented our state at that meeting. When the experiment of a state board of health was made some years ago for Georgia, he was elected by Gov. Smith as worthy the honor of representing the Fifth congressional district on that board. But his modest nature caused him to shrink from so responsible and conspicuous a position, and it was his pleasure to name the late Dr. Nottingham as one worthy and well qualified to assume so important a trust. For sixty long years Dr. Hammond adorned his profession by a well-ordered, quiet, unostentatious life, and in this has set for us an example well worthy our imitation. And in other respects, the life of the doctor should be to us an inspiring example. He was open and unselfish, and was glad to impart to his professional brethren whatever his careful observa tion and long experience had taught him to be useful, hence in the prime and medium of his life, he was a constant contributor to the current medical literature. No man was ever more devoted to his profession, and it might almost be literally said of him that he "died in harness." Almost up to the date of his death he was daily visiting the sick and dispensing cheering words. On the morning of July 4. 1887. he quietly fell asleep, and was gathered to his fathers.
Peace to his ashes.
I URIAH HARRIS. M. D. The subject of this sketch was born in Columbia county, Ga.. Oct. 28. 1825. His early education was received under the cele
brated Dr. Waddell. He then attended Mercer university, finally graduating in 1845 at William and Mary college. He studied medicine in the office of the famous Dr. L. A. Dugas of Augusta, his brother-in-law, and graduated M. D. from the medical college of Georgia, at Augusta, in 1848, with honors. Although possessed of an unusually brilliant mind, and trained under one of the most renowned medical teachers in the world, Dr. Harris, with full appreciation of the sacredness of his calling, and the want of full preparation for its duties, refused to enter upon practice until he had spent three years in further preparation by hospital experience. To this end he visited Europe and remained there for three years in attendance upon lectures in the most celebrated medical colleges and hos pitals in the world. Returning from Europe in 1851 he entered upon the prac tice of medicine in Augusta. His alma mater recognizing his gifts as a brilliant young doctor gave him the position of adjunct professor of surgery. In pursu ance of his duties in the college he lectured on minor and operative surgery. To hold such a position in a college so renowned as the medical college of Georgia was indeed a high compliment, but the young doctor creditably sustained himself

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MEMOIRS OP DECEASED PHYSICIANS.

21 =

in the position to which he had been called. In 1857 the Savannah Medical college called him to the chair of physiology. This position he accepted and moved to Savannah. The next year, 1858, Dr. Harris became the editor of the "Savannah Journal of Medicine." For a long number of years he discharged the onerous duties of medical practitioner, teacher and editor, and filled these positions with marked ability. He was eminently gifted as a writer and lecturer. After the war Dr. Harris was elected professor of theory and practice of medicine in the Savannah Medical college and held this professorship at the time of his death. He had held numerous positions of prominence in the medical association of Georgia, and was president of the Georgia Medical society of Savannah. He was for years one of the visiting physicians to the Savannah hospital. He contributed numerous articles to medical journals upon important topics in medicine. His ability was such that among the most renowned medical men of the state he was regarded as the peer of any of them. He was a great man. Great in brain, great in heart, great in the nobility of spotless manhood, and great in the humility of the medical philosopher. A man of marked dignity and courtliness, a member of one of the most aristocratic families of the state, he was utterly devoid of ostentation. At all times, in all places, he was a gentleman--a gentleman of the old school. As a physician he was profoundly skilled. His confreres and patients accorded him the position of great prominence in the healing art. In his ministry to the sick he was at once physician and friend--healing their diseases, comforting them in their hours of distress. Tender-hearted, generous to a fault, never failing to respond to the call of the sick even when worn out with work, never prostituting his high calling by making it a mere money-making machine, always promptly and cheer fully responding to the calls of the poor, he was a typical follower of the Great Physician. His patients loved him, and had unbounded confidence in his great skill. They felt that his mere presence was full of healing. No man had a higher conception of the dignity of his profession. He sacrificed his life to his sense of duty. In 1876, broken in health through overwork, in the onerous duties of his too large practice, he went to the mountains of Virginia to rest, and seek restora tion to health. While there he heard that yellow fever was epidemic in Savannah. He was distressed at the thought of his friends and patients being stricken with the dire pestilence and he so far from them. He at once arose from a sick-bed and hastened to his afflicted people. His friends urged him not to go in the midst of pestilence in his then feeble condition, and said: "It you go you will die." Dr. Harris replied: "My people need my services, and if need be I am ready to lay down my life for them. I appreciate the clanger, but I must go to them." He went to the pestilence-stricken city, met hundreds of them fleeing from their homes as though another hour spent under their own vine and figtree meant certain death, yet this man bravely went into Savannah and took up his Christ-like calling. In the doomed city--where the cheeks of brave men turned pale with fear--Dr. Juriah Harris quietly, unostentatiously, heroically went day and night, heroically ministering to the sick, and with his tender touch smoothed the dying pillow. Soon the Angel of Death called him to the bosom of the Great Physician. He sacrificed his life to his conviction of duty. Te history of the world records no higher example of heroism than Dr. Harris' return to the plague-stricken city of
Savannah. He calmly weighed the danger, knew that his life would probably be sacrificed, yet he unhesitatingly walked into the valley of the shadow of death-- laid down his own life to save the lives of his patients. "The deed is registered in the rolls of heaven, where it will live a theme for angels when they celebrate the high-souled virtues which forgetful eartli has witnessed."

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}

JOHN MACPHERSOX BERRIEX HARDEN, M. D., of Liberty county,

I

Ga., born in 1810, died Feb. 16, 1848, aged thirty-eight years. Though young

|

in years, no physician in the state ever stood higher in his profession or contributed

*

more learnedly to the literature of medicine. When in feeble health, and even

[

\vhen far advanced in the disease which caused his death he continued with praise-

*

worthy industry and zeal to publish his experience and researches in medicine for

"

the benefit of his brethren. One of his medical papers was favorably reviewed in

the "Medico-Chirurgical Review," of London, England. I regret that I am unable

to furnish a complete list of medical contributions from the pen of Dr. Harden.

;

The following is a partial list of his published contributions. "Review of Memoirs

of M. de Haldst upon the Mechanism of Vision," "Procidentia Uteri," "Soil and

i

' Climate of Liberty Count}-, Ga.," "The Relative Areas of the Trunks and

;

Branches of Arteries," "Cases Connected with Pregnancy and Childbirth," "Notes

i

on the Medicine of Moses," "Mercury and its Compounds," Translation of Dumas'

;

researches on the blood, ''Researches on Isopathia, or Parallelism of Diseases."

The editor of the "Southern Medical Journal" in which Dr. Harden's paper, "The

Medicine of Moses," was published, has this note at the head of the article. Note.

'i

--\\"e are compelled to omit the Hebrew and Greek employed in the article. We

f*

k-arn that the talented and indefatigable author studied the Hebrew language for

';

the express purpose of comprehending this very subject, "The Medicine of the

I

Bible."--Editors.

r.

On page 255, "Southern Medical and Surgical Journal," 1848, published in

Augusta, is the following just tribute to the memory of Dr. Harden, from the pen

of the editor of that journal: "With deep regret it becomes our painful duty

to record the death of Dr. Harden, of Liberty county, Ga. It was never our good

fortune to meet him in life; but for years past we have been associated with his

name in the medical periodicals of the day. He was a graduate of the Pennsyl

vania university; had contributed largely to our medical journals. In a pre

ceding number of this journal, vol. 2, p. 500, we took occasion to express our

opinion of Dr. Harden's contributions to the medical literature of our country. His

articles in the "Southern Medical and Surgical Journal," and in the "American

Journal of Medical Sciences," had secured to him a well-earned reputation as a

writer. His researches on "Isopathia, or the Parallelism of Diseases," were alone

sufficient to stamp him an indefatigable student, and a man of decided talent No

one in this state has done more for medicine. Under many disadvantages he toiled

"'

"ti undismayed by disease or death itself, and with the Christian's hope he sank

into an early grave. We mourn the loss of one of the most active and interesting

collaborators in the death of Dr. John MacPherson Berrien Harden; society one of

its most useful and benevolent members; science a true friend and ardent culti

vator: and our profession a most devoted and kind-hearted brother.

QAMALIEL WYATT HOLMES, M. D., was born in Wilkes county, Ga., in

the year 1823: died at his home in Rome, Ga., Nov. 3, 1890, aged sixty-seven

years. His father was Ichabod Holmes, his mother Maria (Brooks) Holmes. He

:

graduated in medicine in 1849 an^ located in Blakely, Early Co., Ga., in the prac

tice of his profession. He- continued in practice in Blakely until 1868, when he

moved to Rome. In 1853 he served as a member of the senate of Georgia. Dur

ing the civil war--1861-1865--Dr. Holmes was surgeon-in-chief of the Florida

department of the Confederate army. He was regarded as a model medical officer,

and rendered valuable service to his country. Among the members of his pro

fession he v.-as highly esteemed as evidenced by the fact that in 1872 he was

elected president of the medical association of Georgia, the highest honor which

MEMOIRS OP DECEASED PHYSICIANS.

217

the physicians of the state can confer upon one of their number. In 1873 he was
elected professor of principles and practice of medicine in the Atlanta Medical college, and in 1875 and 1876 was a member of the state board of health of Georgia. Dr. Holmes was a strong man in his profession, and enjoyed a large and lucrative practice in all departments of medicine. He was possessed of a ten
der heart, refined nature--was loving, charitable and unselfish. He won fame in his chosen vocation, and was no less distinguished as a citizen. In all the rela tions of life he was ever the typical southern gentleman. His love for his relations
was unselfish and generous; he generously rendered financial aid to his brothers and sisters in preparing them for lives of usefulness, and similarly assisted their
sons. A man of liberal education, coupled with a genial, sunny temperament, he
was a delightful companion in both social and professional life.

D R. P. M. KOLLOCK, Savannah, Ga.--Dr. Phineas Miller Kollock was born in Savannah, Ga., June 7, 1804. His father, Dr. Lemuel Kollock, was
long a venerated resident physician of Savannah. His mother was Maria Camp bell, daughter of Macartan and Sarah Campbell, of Augusta, Ga. His ancestors were originally Huguenots from the south of France, where the name was De Colloque. On the maternal side, the grandmother of Dr. Kollock was Sarah Fenwicke, sister of the late Brig.-Gen. J. R. Fenwicke. Dr. P. M. Kollock
resided in Savannah, where he attended the Chatham academy as a pupil of Hon. Wm. Law until old enough to prepare for college at Exeter, N. H. In 1823 he graduated at Harvard college, Cambridge, Mass.; then proceeded to Philadel phia and entered the medical department of the university of Pennsylvania in the study of medicine under Dr. Parrish from whom, on graduating in 1826, he
received a high testimonial in these words: "P. M. Kollock, M. D., was one of my private pupils, who after receiving a liberal education commenced and com pleted his studies under my direction, and graduated in the university of
Pennsylvania. His talents and diligence as a pupil have rendered his medical attainments highly respectable, while his correct morals and amiable deportment have secured my esteem. I do cheerfully recommend him as a young man whom
I believe to be well qualified to enter upon the important duties of the medical profession, with credit to himself, and with advantage to any community that may offer him their patronage." The subject of his thesis at the university of Pennsylvania was Mania a Potu. Immediately upon receiving his diploma he commenced the practice of his profession in his native city, where he was one of the most prominent physicians to the day of his death. He was one of the founders of the Savannah Medical college, filling the chair of obstetrics and diseases of women and children in that institution. The following testimonial is from Dr. J. B. Read of Savannah: "Dr. Kollock's practice was remarkably select He early in his professional life established a reputation as a brave, cool and daring surgeon, and though he was at one time compelled by ill-health to abandon
his practice, and turn his attention to planting on St. Catherine's island, on the Georgia coast, still as soon as his re-established health permitted him to again enter on the active pursuit of his profession, his previous reputation at once restored him to his former standing in the community. During his life he
performed many capital operations. Dr. Kollock was in an especial manner celebrated for his judgment, manual dexterity and skill in the perform ance of the various operations called for in a large obstetrical practice. Few serious cases in the city and neighborhood were concluded without his aid and assistance. He was one of the first to follow in the footsteps of the illustrious Sims, in his operations for vesico-vaginal fistula. Many of his cases were
published in the journals of the day, and he wrote a monograph on the subject

I

2l8

MEMOIRS OP GEORGIA.

with cases. His success was remarkable and owing to his perseverance and manual dexterity, few were more fitted by nature and study for the performance of those most vexatious cases. In the year 1852 he applied the galvano-cautery to an obstinate and incurable fistula (vesico-vaginal) with complete success. This
is probably the first time this cautery was used for this purpose in the United States, and probably in the world, he therefore claims priority for him in this operative procedure. The battery was fixed and arranged for him by R. J. Xunn,
M. D., and the operation was performed at the Savannah Medical college on a negro woman who had previously been operated upon in vain by Sims' method.
Dr. Kollock was well up in the medical literature of the day, and was eminently conservative in his practice. He did not permit himself to be hurried off by rasii and new ideas, and although he was among the first to apply and use the ne\v medicines and the improvements in surgery, he always proceeded cautiously and carefully. With a strong body and a cool temperament he was one of the feu-
persons who seemed to be born to be a physician and surgeon." Besides the article above referred to mentioned in the medical journals of the day, two others may be noticed. 1st. Cases of Traumatic Tetanus, cured by Strychnine, October number of "Southern Medical and Surgical Journal," Vol. 3. Xo. 10, year 1847.
2d. On the Cutaneous Eruption Induced by the Internal Use of Tartar Emetic, by P. II. Kollock, M. D., of Savannah, Ga. 3d. "Medical and Surgical Journal," August, 1852, Vol. 8, page 465 (No. 8), Topography and Epidemic
Diseases of Georgia. This paper was read before the American Medical associa tion in 1847. Dr. Kollock was twice married and at his death left a wife and six children. His eldest son, Edward, in 1865, wishing to adopt the profession of his father, studied medicine at the university of Maryland in Baltimore. By
his own choice he became a resident in the infirmary that he might better obtain clinical instruction. While there typhus fever of malignant type appeared among
the patients, and by the most untiring devotion to the sick, he contracted the disease and fell a victim to it in 1860. His father never seemed the same after
the lamented death of this, his eldest son, for he fondly hoped to see him take his place as Dr. Kollock in the third generation. Dr. Kollock was a member of the
Georgia Historical society, and in turn president of the Georgia Medical society and president of the medical association of Georgia. He served as an alderman of the city of Savannah, doing all in his power to insure proper progress; was
solicited to be a candidate for the mayoralty, but declined as not deeming it compatible with the practice of his profession. He was a devoted son of Georgia during the late war between the Confederate and United States. He continued his professional duties to the end of his life, never swerving at the call of sickness
to rich or poor. His death occurred at the age of sixty-eight and one-half years, on Dec. 25, 1872. He was buried from Christ church (Episcopal), of which he
was senior warden. This memoir cannot be more fittingly closed than with the words of a brother practitioner--Dr. J. B. Read of Savannah: "Exegi Montimentum Acre Perennius. An event, to many of us not unexpected, has come to pass; it is none the less mournful. Dr. P. M. Kollock, the oldest, and one of the most honored of our body, has gone to his rest. Sorrowful as we felt to see
him bravely struggling against the gradual destruction of his bodily powers, our grief at his loss is not lessened. Whilst we mourn with his family and the
community at his death, we can but feel that he died, as he lived, in the endeavor
to carry on the exacting duties of the profession he loved so well. His life, full of honors, and his departure from Jife followed by the regard and esteem of his
fellow-men, is an example for us, by which to guide our steps. Of cold exterior,
and quiet unpretending address, his kindness of heart was hidden from the masses
of the people. Those, only, who were honored by his friendship, were aware of

MEMOIRS OF DECEASED PHYSICIANS.

219

the great generosity of his soul. He was distinguished for his strict sense of justice, and for the courtesy of his demeanor in his intercourse with his fellowpractitioners. His observance of the ethics was carried to a chivalrous extent. He injured no one, and had a kind word for all who sought the assistance of his great experience. We will miss him from our midst. His good acts and charit able deeds have made his monument. He needs none other. Our recollections of our departed friend and brother will always be of one who was willing to assist and who never injured a fellow-practitioner."--Extract from minutes of Georgia Medical society, February, 1873.

JOSEPH PAYNE LOGAN, M. D. Bom Nov. 9, 1821, in Botetourt county, Va. His literary education was received at Washington college, now known
as Washington and Lee university. He received his degree of M. D. from the medical department of the university of Pennsylvania in 1841. From 1841 to 1854 he resided on his farm in Culpeper county, Va., following the practice of medicine and also engaged in farming. In 1854 he located in Atlanta, in this state, and engaged in the general practice of medicine. He was then a man strikingly handsome in appearance, most engaging in his manners, stainless as to character, and an experienced and accomplished physician. His merits met with immediate recognition and he entered upon a career of marked and honorable success. He soon came to enjoy, and retained through his long life, a large, select and lucrative practice. His exalted character, his professional skill and his loyalty and devotion to his patients made them his sincere and enthusiastic friends. As an enlightened, public-spirited and useful citizen, he enjoyed the esteem of the community in which he lived. He was a member of the Presbyterian church, and for many years an elder therein, and always gave the cause of religion a hearty support. When the war between the states came on, Dr. Logan accepted an appointment as a Confederate surgeon, and in that capacity, and as a medical director, he served till the restoration of peace. In 1866 he located in Baltimore, Md., and was elected professor of principles and practice of medicine in Washington university in that city. This honorable position he held until 1869, when he returned to Atlanta and resumed the practice of his profession. Upon his return to Atlanta he was elected professor of physiology in the Atlanta Medical college, and con tinued his duties in this college to the time of his death. As a medical teacher Dr. Logan was an eminent success, enjoying the highest respect of his associates in both of the colleges in which he held professorships, and in the esteem of his students he was an ideal teacher. As a teacher, as in all other relations in life, he was faithful, honorable, conscientious and able. He was for many years a member of the medical association of Georgia. In 1858, four years after locating in Georgia, Dr. Logan was elected president of the Association of Distinguished Physicians. He was a member of the American Medical association, and at one time vice-president of this national association. He was a member of the state board of health, and chairman of the prudential committee, and also of the committees on finance and sewerage, and the author of a paper on Prevention and Control of Smallpox, published in the first annual report of the board. He was for several years editor of the "Atlanta Medical and Surgical Journal." He has contributed a number of papers to current medical literature. The "Atlanta Medical and Surgical Journal" said of Dr. Logan: "Dr. Logan was a great physician, a noble man, and genuine Christian. Like the pastor, the doctor deals with the spirit, but unlike him, heals the body, mingling two sacred missions. Dr. Logan blended physical healing and Christian comforting in a marvelous degree. His sympathy was as gentle as his science was skilled. He had a remarkable patience and subtlety in reading ills and an extraordinary grasp of cure. He was

22O

MKMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

a born doctor by mind and temperament He had a natural medical genius. His strong native intuitions in healing were fortified by the largest culture in medical science. He had a face and form that typified his noble nature. He was a strikingly handsome and imposing man of majestic proportions and carriage, and a head and countenance benignant and comely. He was a rare character, strong, yet pure, manly and gentle, proud, though tender, able and pious. He enjoyed an enormous practice in Atlanta, and it is doubtful if any of its citizens ever shared more widely in the sorrows of its good people, was ever linked more closely to its sacred memories, or will be more regretted than Dr. Logan. He was a pious member and efficient elder in the Central Presbyterian church. He was a wise and successful business man and the soul of integrity. He was full of charity and public spirit."

QRAWFORD W. LONG, M. D., the discoverer of anaesthesia, was born in Danielsville, Madison Co., Ga., Nov. i, 1815. His literary education was received
at Franklin college (now the university of Georgia), from whence he graduated in 1835. His medical education was acquired at the medical department of the university of Pennsylvania in 1839. After receiving his degree of doctor of med
icine he located in Jefferson, Jackson Co., Ga., where he continued to practice medicine for many years; subsequently he moved to Athens, Ga., where he practiced his profession until June 16, 1878. He literally died in harness--dying at the bedside of a patient to whom he was ministering as physician. While it is unquestionably a fact that to Dr. Long belongs the credit of being the discoverer of anaesthesia--the greatest boon of medicine to suffering man--many and pro longed efforts were made to wrest from him the credit so justly his. Fortunately for the truth of history, the great Dr. Marion Sims, of New York, threw himself into the breach, and with his wonted energy and ability placed the laurel upon
the brow of Dr. Long, where it properly belonged. In the "Virginia Medical Monthly," May, 1877, Dr. Sims wrote as follows on this subject: "There are four claimants for the honor of the discovery of anaesthesia, viz.: Crawford W. Long, of Athens, Ga.; Horace Wells, of Hartford, Conn.; W. T. G. Morton and Charles T. Jackson, of Boston. I propose to give a plain statement of facts bear ing on the question, leaving the reader to draw his own conclusions. The claims of Long have never been fairly stated in connection with those who came after him. I am ashamed to say I was wholly ignorant of them until a very recent day, and I believe that the great mass of the profession are in the same category
with me. I became acquainted with the facts of Long's labors by mere accident. In 1842, while practicing his profession in Jefferson, Jackson Co., Ga., he had four students in his office, viz.: P. A. Wilhite, John S. Groves, D. I. Long and H. R. P. Long. The last two were relatives of Dr. Long, and they are both dead. Wilhite and Groves are still living (1877). Dr. Long was twenty-seven years old. His pupils were all from nineteen to twenty-one; they were on the best of terms with each other, the doctor entering into all the sports of his pupils with a hearty good will, while he never neglected his studies as their teacher. On one occasion they were talking about the inhalation of nitrous oxide gas, when one of his pupil's asked him to make some for them. He said he did not
have suitable apparatus for it, but that the inhalation of sulphuric ether would produce precisely the same exhilarating effect. One of the young men present said he had inhaled ether while at school, and was willing to do it again. They were all anxious to witness the effects. Dr. Long got some ether immediately and gave it to the young man who had previously inhaled it. He then inhaled it him
self, and afterward gave it to all present. After this the young doctor and his

MEMOIRS OP DECEASED PHYSICIANS.

221

pupils indulged occasionally in ether frolics. On several occasions Dr. Long became furiously excited and could not be controlled. Orf recovering from the ether intoxication he frequently noticed that his arms and hands were badly bruised, and yet he was not conscious of having felt any pain at the time he was under the influence of the ether. He also noticed the same thing in his pupils. They were often badly hurt by falls and blows, and were not conscious of pain at the time. These facts repeatedly observed, suggested to his mind the idea of using ether to prevent the pain of surgical operations. He frequently spoke of this to his students and at last he determined to give it a trial. Dr. Long having made up his mind to try the experiment with ether on the first favorable opportunity, says ('Southern Medical and Surgical Journal, December, 1849'): 'The first patient to whom I administered ether in a surgical operation was James M. Venable, who then resided within two miles of Jefferson. Mr. Venable consulted me on several occasions with regard to the propriety of remov ing two small tumors situated on the back part of his neck, but would postpone from time to time having the operations performed from dread of pain. At length I mentioned to him the fact of my receiving bruises while under the influ ence of the vapor of ether without suffering and, as I knew him to be fond of, and accustomed to inhale ether, I suggested to him the probability that the opera tions might be performed without pain, and proposed operating on him while under its influence. He consented to have one tumor removed, and the opera tion was performed the same day. The ether was given to Mr. Venable on a towel, and when fully under its influence I extirpated the tumor. It was encysted and about half an inch in diameter. The patient continued to inhale ether during the time of the operation, and when informed it was over seemed incredulous, till the tumor was shown him. He gave no evidence of suffering during the opera tion, and assured me, after it was over, that he did not experience the slightest degree of pain from its performance. This operation was performed on March 30, 1842. The second operation I performed upon a patient etherized was on June 6, 1842, and was on the same person (Mr. Venable) for the removal of another small tumor. This operation required more time than the first, from the cyst of the tumor having formed adhesions to the surrounding parts. The patient \vas insensible to pain during the operation until the last attachment of the cyst was separated, when he exhibited signs of slight suffering, but asserted after the operation was over that the sensation of pain was so slight as scarcely to be per ceived. In this operation the inhalation of ether ceased before the first incision was made.'
"In a certificate sworn to by James M. Venable on July 23, 1849, 'ie says: 'In the early part of the year (1842) the young men of Jefferson and the country adjoining were in the habit of inhaling ether for its exhilarating powers, and I inhaled myself frequently for that purpose, and was very fond of its use. While attending the academy I was frequently in the office of Dr. C. W. Long, and having two tumors on the side, or rather back, of my neck, I several times spoke to him about the propriety of cutting them out, but postponed the operation from time to time. On one occasion we had some conversation about the prob ability that the tumors might be cut while I was under the influence of sulphuric ether without my experiencing pain, and he proposed operating on me while under its influence. I agreed to have one tumor cut out, and had the operation performed that evening (afternoon) after school was dismissed. This was in the early part of the spring of 1842. I commenced inhaling the ether before the operation commenced, and continued it until the operation was over. I did not feel the slightest pain from the operation, and could not believe the tumor was

222

MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

removed until it was shown to me. A month or two after this Dr. C. W. Long

cut out the other tumor, situated on the same side of my neck. In this operation

1 did not feel the least pain until the last cut was made, when I felt a little

pain. In this operation I stopped inhaling the ether before the operation was

finished. I inhaled the ether in both instances from a towel, which was the

common method of taking it' Dr. Long's four students, Wilhite, Groves and

the two Longs, also E. S. Rawls (now Dr. Rawls) and Andrew J. Thurmond, were

present and assisted at the operation. Dr. Wilhite tells me that the etherization

of Venable was as complete as it is ever made now-a-days, and that Venable

always declared he felt no pain during the operation. On July 3, 1842, Dr. Long

amputated the toe of a negro boy, Jack, belonging to Mrs. Hemphill. Jack

felt no pain, having been completely etherized. On Sept. 9, 1843, Dr. Long

exsected, without pain, three small cystic tumors from the head of Mrs. Mary

Vincent, who was etherized for the purpose. On Jan. 8, 1845, Dr. Long ampu

tated two fingers for a negro boy belonging to Mr. Ralph Bailey, Sr., the patient

being fully etherized and feeling no pain whatever. Morton's friends have been

from the outset clamorous and persistent in proclaiming to the world that

Morton was the first man who ever produced complete anaesthesia for surgical

operations. The facts above stated prove incontestably that they were mistaken;

and before we get through it will be shown that they were doubly mistaken,

for it will be established beyond controversy that Wells produced anaesthesia by

nitrous oxide gas long before Morton did it with ether. Long's anaesthesia with

sulphuric ether was on March 30. 1842. Wells' anaesthesia with nitrous oxide gas

was on Dec. u, 1844. Morton's anaesthesia with sulphuric ether was on Sept.

30,1846. Thus we see that Long antedates Wells two years and eight months and

antedates Morton four years and six months.

"Dr. Long's operations under the influence were known by all his neighbors

--professional and non-professional. Many of these are still living. Dr. Wilhite

*

lives at Anderson, S. C. Dr. John S. Groves, his fellow-student with Long in

[

1842, is now living at Dalton, Ga. Dr. A. Delaperiere was the only physician,

*

besides Dr. Long, at Jefferson in 1842. He witnessed these operations, has

:

given his testimony to that effect, and is still living. Dr. E. S. Rawls, another wit-

l

ness, was living in Alabama a short time ago. All these men testify to the fact

that Long's operations under ether were witnessed and known by all medical

I;-

men in his neighborhood and by the whole community. Long's operations were

b

not secret. He made no mystery about the substance given to prevent pain. He

*

took out no patent for his discovery, as did Morton and Jackson. He did not

;'

attempt to convert it into money speculation. He published it before all men.



It was not hidden from the world. True, his was a very contracted world. He

gj

was waiting to test his great discovery in some capital operation. He lived in



an obscure little town where there were no railroads and no ponderous machinery

&

to maim his fellow-men and the amputation of a leg or arm was an era in the

\.

life of a country doctor. While he was still waiting for larger operations before

communicating his discovery to some scientific journal, the labors of Wells and

Morton and Jackson and Simpson burst upon the world. When Jackson made

his visit to Long at Athens in March, 1854, he said to Long: 'You have the

advantage of priority of publication.' Now upon this point Long, Wells, Morton

and Jackson stand individually upon the same level. Long exhibited to medical

men and to the community his operations under ether (1842). Wells exhibited

to medical men and to the community his operation of the extraction of teeth

under the influence of nitrous oxide gas (1844). Morton exhibited to medical

men and to the community the use of his secret remedy, 'Letheon' (1846), as an

[.

MEMOIRS OP DECEASED PHYSICIANS.
anaesthetic. But Morton was fortunate in showing his patent remedy to the great surgeons of Boston. And it was not Morton, but it was Warren and Hayward and Bigelow who performed the operations at the Massachusetts General hospital (October, 1846), on patients to whom Morton gave his 'Letheon' that the world owes the immediate and universal use of anaesthesia in surgery. If Morton could have had his way he would have deodorized the ether and kept it a secret from the world. Neither Wells nor Morton nor Jackson ever pub lished a word on the subject till it burst forth in a blaze from the labors of the hospital surgeons already named. When Warren and Hayward and Bigelow proved the real greatness of the discovery, then it was that Wells, Morton and Jackson began the war of pamphlets, and not till then did either of them publish in any scientific journal a Hne about anaesthesia. And thus we see that its first publication to the world was really due to the illustrious surgeons of the Massa chusetts General hospital.
"In 1853 Morton petitioned congress to grant him a large sum of money for the discovery of anaesthesia. The friends of Wells opposed it, and claimed this honor for Wells, who used nitrous oxide gas as an anaesthetic two years and a half before Morton used ether for this purpose. Then it was that the friends of Long appeared upon the scene, proving that Long was the first to use ether, ante dating Morton four years and a half. When Long's claim to the honor of dis covering anaesthesia was presented to congress by the Hon. Mr. Dawson, senator from Georgia, it was formidable enough to block the movements of Morton to get the appropriation he demanded for his discovery. They were so strong that Dr. Charles T. Jackson went to Athens, Ga., expressly to see Dr. Long on the subject. In a communication to the Boston "Medical and Surgical Journal," April n, 1861, Dr. Charles T. Jackson says he visited Dr. Long at Athens, Ga., on March 8, 1854, to examine into Dr. Long's claim to being the first to use sulphuric ether as an anaesthetic in surgery, and he further says: 'From the docu ments shown me by Dr. Long it appears that he employed sulphuric ether as an anaesthetic agent. First--On March 30, 1842, when he extirpated a small glandular tumor from the neck of James M. Venable, a boy (Mr. Venable was over twenty-one years old when the operation was performed, J. M. S.), in Jeffer son, Ga., now dead. Second--On July 3, 1842, in the amputation of a toe of a negro boy belonging to Mrs. Hemphill, of Jackson, Ga. Third--On Sept. 9, 1843, m the extirpation of a tumor from the head of Mary Vincent, of Jackson, Ga. Fourth--On Jan. 8, 1845, 'n tne amputation of a finger of a negro boy belonging to Ralph Bailey, of Jackson, Ga. Copies of the letters and depositions proving these operations with ether were shown me by Dr. Long. He also referred me to physicians in Jefferson who knew of the operations at the time.' The above extract from Dr. Jackson's paper to the Boston 'Medical Journal' recognizes Long's claim to being the first to produce anesthesia for surgical opera tions, but it does not tell the whole story of Dr. Jackson's visit to Dr. Long. Dr. Long has furnished me with all the evidence, consisting of affidavits, cer tificates, book entries, etc., that Dr. Jackson examined. He has also written me fully on the subject, and every fact that I have stated can be substantiated by
documentary evidence. "In one of Dr. Long's letters to me (Nov. 5, 1876), he says: 'In 1854 Dr.
Charles T. Jackson came to Georgia and spent two days with me in Athens, most of the time in my office, examining books, accounts, dates and certificates, establishing the time, etc., of my operations. He expressed himself satisfied with the correctness of my claim to the first use of ether as an anesthetic in surgical operations. Dr. Jackson informed me that he would go from Athens to Dah-

MEMOIRS OP GEORGIA.
lonega, Ga., and as I knew he must pass through Jefferson, where I resided up to 1850, and where my first operations under ether were performed, I requested him to stop in Jefferson and see some of the physicians there who witnessed or knew of the operations, and also a number of the citizens of the village who either witnessed the operations or were familiar with them from common report Dr. Jackson spent one or more days in Jefferson, and on his return expressed him self satisfied with the testimony. In Dr. Jackson's communication to the "Boston Medical and Surgical Journal" (April 11,1861) he neglected to say anything of the information he obtained while in Jefferson, although he admitted to me on his return that the evidence was perfectly satisfactory.' The Hon. C. W. Andrews, of Madison, Ga., informs me that he was in Dr. Long's employ and in his office when Dr. Jackson spent a whole day with Long comparing notes and talking over the subject of etherization, and it seems that the real object of Dr. Jackson's visit to Dr. Long was to induce Long to unite with him in laying their conjoint claims before congress as the real discoverers of anesthesia as opposed to those of Morton. Jackson was willing to concede to Long the honor of being the first (o use ether in surgical operations, but wished Long to concede to him the honor of priority in making the discovery of the principle of anethesia when he inhaled ether to relieve pain and difficulty of breathing after inhaling chlorine gas (as Sir Humphrey Davy had done before). Dr. Long says (Feb. 8, 1877): 'In our conversation I understood Dr. Jackson to yield the point of priority to me, and so did the Hon. C. W. Andrews. I did not admit to him that he was the first to make the discovery, leaving to me its practical application; and when he pro posed to me to unite our claims--he to claim the discovery and I its first practical use in surgical operations--I positively refused. I was satisfied that I was en titled to the credit of the discovery, as well as of the first practical use of ether in surgical operations. Instead of writing to Senator Dawson to unite our claims as Dr. Jackson requested, I wrote to Mr. Dawson to make no such compromise, but to place my claims solely on their merits; and if you will consult the con gressional proceedings of that time you will see that Mr. Dawson presented my claims separate and independent'"
Feb. 24, 1879, t^6 medical society of Athens unanimously adopted the following resolutions:
"Athens, Ga., Aug. 15, 1878. "I, the undersigned, do certify that in May, 1843, I assisted Dr. R. D. Moore in amputating the leg of a colored boy, Augustus, then the property of William Stroud, who resided in this county, and that I distinctly recollect hearing Dr. R. D. Moore say that 'if I had thought of it before leaving home I would have tried Dr. C. W. Long's great discovery, namely, the administration of sulphuric ether, as an anaesthetic in performing the operation.' Having neglected to bring the ether, Dr. Moore finally concluded to influence the patient with morphia, under which influence the operation was performed.
"Joseph B. Carlton, M. D."
"Athens, Ga., Aug. 10, 1878. "This certifies that, in the month of May, 1843,1 was present and assisted Dr. R. D. Moore, of this place, in amputating a leg. He said to his three students (I being one), 'If I had thought of it before leaving home, I would have tried Dr. Long's discovery, producing insensibility by inhalation of ether.'
"James Camak, M. D." "Attest: Asa M. Jackson, ordinary, Clark county, Ga."

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Dr. Sims summarizes the claims of Long, Wells, Morton and Jackson as follows: "6th. That Long was the first man to intentionally produce anaesthesia for surgical operations, and that this was done with sulphuric ether in 1842. 7th. That Long did not by accident hit upon it, but that he reasoned it out in a philosophical and logical manner. 8th. That Wells, without any knowledge of Long's labors, demon strated in the same philosophic way the great principle of anaesthesia by the use of nitrous oxide gas (1844). gth. That Morton intended to follow Wells in using the gas as an anaesthetic in dentistry, and for this purpose asked Wells to show him how to make the gas (1846). loth. That Wells referred Morton to Jackson for this purpose, as Jackson was known to be a scientific man and an able chemist, nth. That Morton called on Jackson for information on the subject, and that Jackson told Morton to use sulphuric ether instead of nitrous oxide gas, as it \va* known to possess the same properties, was as safe, and easier to get. I2th. That Morton, acting upon Jackson's off-hand suggestion, used the ether successfully in the extraction of teeth (1846). I3th. That Warren and Hayward and Bigelow performed important surgical operations in the Massachusetts general hospital (October, 1846), on patients etherized by Morton. and that this introduced and popularized the practice throughout the world. In Boston, Mass., a monument has been erected to the discoverer of anaesthesia, but no man is designated thereon by name. The citizens of Hartford, Conn., have erected a bronze statue of Wells (by Bartlett) in their Capitol park, claiming for him the discovery of anaesthesia. This is as it should be. We have no objection to it, and would suggest that the names of Long, Wells, Morton and Jackson be inscribed on the Boston column. one on each side, as co-discoverers of anaesthesia. The state of Georgia will, at no distant day, erect at its capital or its university, a statue of Long, who was
unquestionably the first discoverer of anaesthesia. All the claimants of the honor of discovering anaesthesia are Americans. Tp each is due a certain measure of credit, but no one man can claim this great honor exclusively. The names of Long, Wells, Morton and Jackson will doubtless be associated as co-laborers in the great work, and to these must be added the immortal name of Sir James Y. Simpson. who introduced chloroform and enlarged the domain of anaesthesia."
Feb. 24,1879, tne Medical society of Athens unanimously adopted the following
resolutions: "Whereas, The recent compilation of facts by Dr. J. Marion Sims, of Xcw
York, in regard to the discovery of anaesthesia clearly proves Dr. Crawford W. Long to be the first to use sulphuric ether as an anaesthetic agent in surgical operations; and
"Whereas, Dr. Long was a native Georgian, and especially a native of our own section, we, the medical association of Athens, and of which he was tinhonored and esteemed president, must necessarily feel much pride in claiming so valuable, so useful, and so scientific a man as 6ur companion in medicine, and likewise feeling that not only a most pleasing sense of duty, but a most justifiable sense of pride and honor, make it eminently proper and commendable that this association should take the initiatory steps in bringing about, on the part of the medical profession, a full and just recognition of the claims of Dr. Long to being the first and true discoverer of anaesthesia; therefore, be it
"Resolved, That from the accumulation of facts and evidence deduced, this society is fully satisfied that Dr. Crawford W. Long, of Athens, Ga., was the first person who ever used sulphuric ether as an anaesthetic agent in surgical operations, and as an act of justice to the distinguished discoverer, now deceased, and to the honor of the profession of our own state, we most respectfully recommend and request that the Georgia Medical association, soon to hold! its annual session in the city of Rome, take such steps as shall definitely determine Dr. Long's claim to priority in the use and discovery of anaesthesia: and that the State Medical
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association be further requested to bring the matter before the American Medical association, which is to hold its next session in the city of Atlanta during the approaching summer, that through this national convention of medical men Dr. Long's claim may be established throughout the civilized world.
"Resolved, That a copy of these resolutions be forwarded to the president and secretary of the State Medical association, and also to the different medical journals of our state, with the request that they publish the same."
In 1853 the medical society of the state of Georgia unanimously adopted the following resolution: "Resolved, That it is the opinion of this society that Dr. C. W. Long, now of Athens. Ga., was the first person to use sulphuric ether as an anaesthetic agent in surgical operations; and as an act of justice to Dr. Long indi vidually, and to the honor of the profession of our state, we recommend him to present his claim to priority in the use of this most important agent to the consid eration of the American Medical association at its next meeting." In an address delivered in 1879 at the university of Georgia, Alexander H. Stephens feelingly spoke of Dr. Long as the discoverer of anaesthesia, and suggested that inasmuch as congress had invited each of the states to place statues of two of its benefactors in the art gallery of Washington, D. C., that Georgia send the statues of James Oglethorpe and Crawford W. Long. Subsequently, upon motion of Hon B. C. Yancy, of Clark county, the legislature of Georgia adopted the following resolu tions relative to Dr. Long:
"Whereas, It has been proposed that each state of the United States of America should designate the names of two persons whose memories are to be perpetuated by likenesses in statuary, in the art gallery established, or to be
established in Washington city, the Federal capital; and whereas, anaesthesia is the greatest boon ever conferred upon humanity, unless vaccination claims equal title to be so considered; and whereas, Crawford W. Long, M. D., a native of
Georgia, and graduate of the university of the state, lately deceased, is the historic discoverer of anaesthesia, and the first .man to employ sulphuric ether as an anaesthetic agent in a surgical operation, on March 30, 1842; and whereas, England recognized the labors of Jenner, and also bestowed a high honor of government upon Sir James Y. Simpson, in recognition of the great service he had rendered humanity by the introduction of chloroform, which enlarged the domain of anaesthesia; and whereas, our Federal republic should not allow the names of our discoverers and scientists to rest in obscurity, and the state of Georgia should especially cherish, with pride, the name and memory of her great discoverer:
''Resolved, By the general assembly, that the name of Crawford W. Long,
M. D., the historic discoverer of anaesthesia, he presented to the art gallery at Washington city, established or to be established, to represent the state of Georgia.
'"Resolved, That a copy of this preamble and resolution be transmitted by the governor to his excellency, the president of tlielliiited States of America, with a request that he submit them to the senate and house of representatives of congress on its next assemblage; and that another copy thereof be sent by the governor to the proper officer in charge of said art gallery.
''Approved. Aug. 2\ 1879.
"Alfred H. Colquitt,
"Governor." Mr. Henri L. Stuart, a public-spirited citizen of New York, in appreciation of the genius of Dr. Long, had an oil painting made of him by one of the most celebrated artists in America and presented it to the state of Georgia through United States Senator John B. Gordon. The following is a copy of the letter of Mr. Stuart to Gen. Gordon:
"New York, Aug. 12, 1879.

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"Hon. J. B. Gordon: "Dear Sir--Will you do me the favor, as a member of the Alumni association
of the state university of Georgia, to present in my name the accompanying portrait (painted by F. B. Carpenter) of Dr. Crawford W. Long, a late member of this association, and demonstrated discoverer of surgical anaesthesia by the use of sulphuric ether, March 30, 1842, to be placed in the capitol of the state of Georgia, under their control and supervision.
"I desire to do this in honor of the memory and just fame of this eminent physician and useful citizen, to make his record complete as the discoverer of
anaesthesia. "Providence seems to have intervened to prevent the final settlement of this
vexed question, until the claims of this modest, unpretending and gifted man, who really made the discovery, were fully demonstrated by Dr. J. M. Sims, a native of South Carolina, also a discoverer and a benefactor of humanity, scarcely second to Dr. Long himself. His labors in Alabama, which led to the founding of the Woman's hospital of the state of New York, have also resulted in giving him a
world-wide fame as a surgeon and investigator. "It is fitting that these two eminent southern men should be represented as
they are in Mr. Carpenter's picture.
"Very respectfully and faithfully, your friend,
"Henri L. Stuart"

The legislature being in session, Gen. Gordon transmitted the letter of Mr. Stuart to that body. Hon. B. C. Yancy introduced the following resolutions,
which were unanimously adopted:
"Whereas, Mr. H. L. Stuart, a noble-hearted humanitarian of the city of New York, has had painted at his expense a magnificent portrait of the late Dr.
Crawford W. Long, a citizen of Georgia, and the discoverer of modern surgical anaesthesia, and offers said portrait in appreciation of the grand discovery and the discoverer, to the alumni of the university of the state of Georgia, with the request
that it be received by the house of representatives of the general assembly of the state, and be placed on the walls of the representative chamber.
"Resolved, That the gift of said portrait for the purpose designated be accepted
by the house of representatives. "Resolved, That the hour of 12 o'clock meridian, on Monday next, be ordered
as the time for the presentation of said portrait, by the Hon. John B. Gordon. "Resolved, That a committee of three members of the house by appointment
by the speaker to arrange for the ceremonials, and to notify the Hon. John B. Gordon of the adoption of the preamble and resolution, and to invite to a seat on the floor during said ceremonial and his stay in the city, the generous and
noble donor, Mr. H. L. Stuart, of the city of New York." At the appointed hour, Gen. Gordon, in a magnificent speech presented to
the general assembly the portrait of Dr. Long. It was feelingly and eloquently received in behalf of the legislature by the Hon. B. C. Yancy of Athens--in which
city Dr. Long labored so long and well as a practitioner of medicine. It was a memorable event in Georgia. In addition to the general assembly of the state, there were present his excellency Gov. Colquitt, the supreme court, many dis tinguished citizens of the commonwealth, Mr. Stuart and the family of Dr. Long. The portrait of the great discoverer of anaesthesia hangs in a conspicuous position in our capitol building at Atlanta. Just here it is proper to recall the following melancholy and touching incident: When the presentation of the portrait of Dr.
Long had been made to the state Mr. Stuart went to Athens to visit the grave of Dr. Long. Mr. Stuart was stricken with paralysis a few hours after he reached

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Athens, and died Sept 16, 1879. Mis remains were, at the request of Dr. Long's family, interred in the cemetery at Athens in their family burying ground. He was a guest in Mrs. Long's home during his stay in Athens, and during his illness was nursed with tenderest care by her household. The city of Athens paid a fitting honor to Mr. Stuart's memory by a public funeral. The venerable A. A. Lipscomb, D. D., LL. D., in his funeral oration over Dr. Long, forcibly, truthfully and tenderly delineated his character as follows: "Xo one can value his profession who does not value his manhood. Dr. Long regarded his profession as a channel through which his inner and outer life might flow in blessing to the world. And, in that channel, it did flow; a stream tranquil, but strong, deepening and widening as it went onward; a water from the fount of the old Bethesda that bore healing to so many. Dr. Long looked on his profession as a providential vocation. To him. it was not a mere work of humanity; it was this because it was more than this: and he accepted its tasks as a divine ordination, for which he was set apart by the touch of a hand unseen. Occasional}- his profound sensibility on this subject would break through his reserve, and then, words touching his supreme concern, would drop from the conscience of his soul. What those words were his confidential friends know. But you all know that no man can do such work as Dr. Long did, 'except God be with him.' Xay, more; no man can do any true, noble, enduring work 'except God be with him.' First and last, whoever the workman, he is nothing, 'except God be with him.' The solemn feeling, fervent no less than reverential, that God has given us a special work to do--that our eternal life hangs suspended on the issues thereof--that God's glory is not possible of promotion by vs save by and through that single work well and bravely done, this feeling must possess and occupy our very hearts, must lift us high above the allurements of the world's gain and the charms of the world's renown, must aid consecration to devotion, and inspiration to consecration, or, verily, all our work here antedates the final verdict of Almighty God, consigning it to the burning as 'wood, hay, stubble.' 'I believe,' said Dr. Long, 'my profession is a ministry from God to me;' and, again, speaking of his discovery of anaesthesia by means of sulphuric ether, 'My only wish about it is to be known as a benefactor to my race.' Can you wonder that a man who acted out these sentiments was a
man of prayer? The need of prayer is always felt when our work is felt. No one could be much with Dr. Long under the pressure of anxiety in the sick chamber and not see prayer in the meditative stillness of his eyes. The event of his career was the discovery to which I have alluded. Fortunately for the truth of history, Dr. Marion J. Sims, a distinguished physician of New York, undertook last year to settle the claims of rivals to the first use of anaesthetic agents for surgical operations. The task could not have fallen into better hands. With that disin terested energy and manlv devotion to the interests of medical science for which Dr. Sims is so justly and so widely celebrated, he collected the facts bearing on the point at issue. The result of the inquiry leaves no doubt as to the first discover}-, and Dr. Long is now regarded in this country and Europe as entitled to this honor. But he has gone from us now, and the honor can be only a part of his memory. Standing here in the presence of his remains, I am this
day but the voice of the church, of his professional brethren and of this whole community, when I say that in Dr. Long's death, we have lost an excellent man. He assumed nothing, pretended to nothing he was not, was thoroughly truthful in look, tone, manner and action, lived simply, treated everyone considerately, and walked humbly before God. Modest even to the verge of timidity when nothing serious was at stake, he was stern and bold and utterly self-forgetting if responsibility had to be met or danger confronted. A large fund of intensity lay

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hidden in the depths of his quiet nature, which answered with instant and eager force if duty summoned him to action. Reticent as to his own merits, reticent too of his troubles lest he should disturb the happiness of others, he had none of that morbidness which retires into its capacious self and inflicts the pain of a chilling reserve on all who have the misfortune to come within its reach. Gentle, forbear ing, faithful to every wise instinct, he kept the covenant of a heart's true life till his days were numbered. He had strength of will and much power of endurance. The minor heroisms which make so large a share of a physician's experience, and of which the world knows so little, wrote many a paragraph in the annals of his life. Emphatically applicable to him were the words of Wordsworth, that--

" The facts of human existence Did take a sober coloring from an eye That had kept watch o'er man's mortality.'

And appropriate to him these other words, also, which tell how some enjoy

" 'That best portion of a good man's life, His little nameless, unremembered acts of kindness and of love.'

"Over three score years were mercifully granted to him, and through him to us, to Georgia and the world. Day by day strengthened his hold on our families and the community. All his recent growth which was so manifest to the nearer circle of friends v;as upward into clearer light and purer air. It was noticeable, that the ideal of that profession, to which God has delegated the most solemn and pathetic trusts of our earthly being, steadily rose before his eye into loftier grandeur. Noticeable, too, was the fact, that his sympathies deepened for the sufferings of womanhood, and with keener enlistment of studious thought and warm affection he worked and toiled and sorrowed in the tragic hours of her agony. Nor did those nearest to him fail to observe how his old habits of reading the Bible and attending to private devotion waxed stronger and dearer as his professional engagements multiplied. It became him thus to live. It became him thus to die, while discharging the tenderest and holiest duty of his
profession, by the bedside of a lady whose life \vas threatened. And if we have this afternoon to commit his mortal remains to the grave and say of him, friend, brother, physician, benefactor, in the language of grief's litany, 'Dust to dust!' \ve
shall give the manly virtues and Christian integrity of Crawford W. Lotig a dwelling-place where so many of the elect of our life and love are already gathered

" 'Beneath the umbrage deep, That shades the silent world of memory.'"

pURTIS BELL NOTTINGHAM, M. D. Born in Northampton county, Va., May 21, 1818; died in Macon, Ga., March 14, 1876. His literary edu
cation was acquired at Carlyle college, Pennsylvania. He graduated M. D. from Jefferson Medical college, Philadelphia, Pa., in 1840.. He began the practice of medicine in Perry, Houston Co., Ga., in 1840, remaining there for nine years, having attained marked prominence as a skillful practitioner. Encouraged by his success, and desiring a larger field, he, in 1849, located in Macon. In his new hoine he rapidly attained professional eminence, and soon stood in the front rank of the medical profession of Macon and of the state. Being of a weak constitution the tax of his large and arduous professional work began to make serious inroads upon his health, and finally failing strength decided him to abandon the practice of medicine for a time. This he did in 1860, moving to Louisiana and engaging

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in the pursuit of agriculture. Upon the outbreak of the Confederate war he promptly volunteered his services to his country and was assigned to duty as surgeon of an important military post in Louisiana. He continued his services in the medical department of the Confederate army during the entire period of the war. In military, as in civil life, he ranked among the ablest of his confreres, both
as a physician and surgeon. His fidelity to duty, and his fearlessness of danger to self, made him conspicuous as a military surgeon. The confiscation of his
property, as the result of the war, left him wholly dependent upon his profession. He therefore decided to return to Macon to again take up professional work. Jan.
i, 1866, he resumed the practice of medicine in Macon. His former patrons rejoiced at his return, and soon he was again in a large and arduous practice. For several years his feeble health markedly interfered with his wonted faithful dis charge of professional duties--occasionally being confined to a sick bed for sev eral months at a time. But with an indomitable will and energy he continued his professional duties, oftentimes being himself more in need of a physician than
his patients, among whom he labored so tenderly and faithfully. This is true heroism. A life of self-denial, self-sacrifice, great heartedness, which causes one
to forget self and bravely battle for others^ yet scarcely able physically to do for self. Dr. Nottingham was one of God's noblemen, full of courage, self-sacrifice,
gentleness and humility. He evoked the love of his fellows because he loved them, labored for their welfare wholly unmindful of self. He was one of the most elegant of men. Courtly in manners, gentle of speech and action, full of the milk of
human kindness, he was an ideal physician. His public addresses as well as his contributions to medical literature evidenced a highly cultivated mind. Many of them are gems of English composition and medical philosophy. Dr. Notting ham was not only a highly accomplished, general practitioner of medicine, but he was a surgeon of conspicuous ability. When ovariotomy was rarely done in the
south he was one of the surgeons to successfully and repeatedly do this opera tion. He possessed the qualities of a great surgeon, thorough knowledge of anatomy, dexterity in the use of instruments, calmness and extraordinary judg
ment; he had few peers in surgery among his associates and no superiors. Jn all departments of medicine he was highly skilled. Not content with the mere
cure of disease he, with the mind of the philosopher, regarded hygiene--the pre
vention of disease--as the royal path of medicine. He was an enthusiast upon the subject of sanitation. A properly organized and equipped public health service in Georgia was the one object nearest his heart and he persistently labored
to this end. He exerted himself for the establishment of a state board of health in Georgia. When it was established he was made a member of that board and rendered valuable service therein. He was one of its most prominent, active and useful members. He was a member of the State Medical society from its organi
zation in 1849 to the time of his death. He was one of the founders of this society, and in 1869 its president He was repeatedly elected a delegate to represent the State Medical society in the sessions of the American Medical association, and in this body of distinguished physicians he was assigned positions of prominence
reserved for its most renowned members. He was one of the most benevolent of men When called to a patient he never stopped to consider the question as to whether or not he would be paid for his services. Good Samaritan that he was, lie discharged his high calling in serving any and everyone who needed his services, and when money was not his reward he found the richer reward of conscientious discharge of the sacred duties of his Christ-like vocation. Not only were his eminent professional services cheerfully given to the poor, but he generously con tributed financially to their relief. As a consequence of his benevolence he died

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poor in worldly possessions, but left his family and state the legacy of an honor able, useful life singularly devoted to God and his fellow-men.

DOBERT MARK SMITH, M. D., born in Paterson, N. J., Jan. 13, 1826; died Feb. i, 1879. His father was Terrance Smith, of Paterson, N. J., his mother
was Margaret (Inglis) Smith. When the subject of this sketch was twelve years old he moved with his parents to Athens, Ga. After receiving an academic edu cation he found employment in a drug store in that city. While engaged in the drug business he made himself proficient in practical pharmacy, and subsequently entered upon the study of medicine. He graduated from Jefferson Medical col lege, Philadelphia, Pa., in 1846, having taken both courses in that celebrated institution. After graduating in medicine he, after a creditable examination, won a position as assistant surgeon in the United States navy. In consequence of fail ing health he resigned from the navy and in 1847 entered upon the practice of medicine in Athens, Ga. Dr. Smith was a highly accomplished general practi tioner of medicine, and was the peer of any physician of Georgia. He had a decided preference for surgery, and was one of the most skillful surgeons in the south. Among the most important surgical operations done by him may be men tioned : First, Laparotomy for case of extra uterine pregnancy. Second, A case of ligation of the primitive carotid artery. The nature of the wound, for which the operation was done, was such as to prevent tying the artery at the place known as "the point of selection," and it was found necessary to ligate the vessel one inch above the clavicle. The operation was successful. Dr. Smith patriotically responded to the call of his country and served as surgeon of the Sixteenth Georgia regiment, Confederate States army. He remained in the field throughout the war. After the cessation of hostilities he returned to Athens and continued a highly useful and honorable practitioner until stricken with disease just prior to his death. For four years Dr. Smith was mayor of Athens, discharging the duties of his office with zeal and ability. He was a member of the American Medical associa tion, and of the medical association of Georgia. In both of these bodies he occupied prominent positions. He was also a member of the board of health of Athens. For some years he was professor of medical jurisprudence in the law department of the university of Georgia, and filled this chair with conspicuous ability. He was ever the friend of education, and for years a member of the board of trustees of the Southern Masonic Female college, situated in Covington in this state. As a Mason he was master of his lodge for ten years and held official position in the grand lodge of Georgia. He was a bright member of the Ancient Scottish rite, and at the time of his death enjoyed the distinction of being a thirtythird degree Mason. This high honor was conferred upon him in 1876. In his profession, in private life, in official position he was ever the true gentleman--- faithful, honorable, considerate, unselfish and loyal in all the duties of life. As citizen, physician and officer he possessed, as he richly merited, the love and con fidence of his fellows.
T*)R. H. H. STEINER, M. D., Augusta. Henry Hegner Steiner was born in Frederick City, Md., on Jan. 8, 1816. His father, Capt. Henry Steiner, who
served in the war of 1812, was a close friend of Gen. Andrew Jackson, and com manded Steiner's battery of artillery at the battle of North Point, near Baltimore. His great-grandfather was John Conrad Steiner, a clergyman of the Lutheran church, who was distinguished for his piety and his learning. He was the son of a Swiss senator, and came to this country from Winteture, in Switzerland. An Imposing monument stands to his memory to this day in Franklin square, Phila delphia. Dr. Steiner's mother was Rachel Murray, daughter of Maj. Josephus

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Murray, who achieved distinction in the war of the revolution, and whose home was at Riesterstown, Md. Dr. Steiner pursued his classical studies at Kenyon college, Ohio, but did not remain to be graduated. Having decided to study medicine, he entered the university of Pennsylvania, and was graduated in March, 1838. He began the practice of medicine in Philadelphia, but entered the United States army as assistant surgon in June, 1839, and was ordered to Fort Gibson, a frontier post in Arkansas, where he was attached to the Eighth regiment of infantry. It was with this regiment that he went to Florida in 1841, and served in the Seminole war under Gen. William Worth, remaining there until the close of that war in 1842. In 1843 he was transferred to the United States arsenal at Summerville, near Augusta, Ga., assigned to duty as post surgeon, which position he held for several year>. While filling this position he was frequently called upon to render professional sen-ices to the wealthy and aristocratic citizens of Summerville. His professional acumen was seen and appreciated, and numerous members of his civilian clientele urged him to resign from the army and locate in Augusta. Before he had decided upon this step, the United States becoming involved in the war with Mexico, Dr. Steiner went to the front with his com mand, sen-ing as surgeon of the First regiment of artillery, and later as surgeon on the staff of Gen. Zachary Taylor. He was present at the battle of Monterey, Churubusco and Chapultepec, and also at the capture of the City of Mexico. The fame of his sen-ices during the memorable years of that war extended through the whole army. Even to-day, whenever a venerable surgeon of the old army is found the name of Dr. Steiner is remembered with affection and admiration. He won reputation at once by his wonderful success in the treatment of disease, and by his unsurpassed skill in the most difficult operations known to surgery. He also won the hearts of all men by his simplicity, his sympathy, his tenderness. Gen. Taylor never forgot his kindness, and when he became president, in 1849, he invited Dr. Steiner to the White House, and they spent a whole day alone together reviving the memories of their Mexican campaigns.
The spirit of Christianity seemed to be ever the spirit in which he did his work. In the long weary hours after the battle was over he would take no rest until the last wound had been dressed and the last suffering had been alle viated. He administered to the wounded of both armies alike. He would not leave even the humblest of his enemies to suffer or to die if his ministrations could give relief. He was always generous to an enemy. He especially insisted that all due honor should be paid to a fallen foe. When the brave Mexican general, Velasquez, was killed in the storming of the City of Mexico, and his dead body was about to be left unburied, Dr. Steiner refused to leave the field until the body of his foe was given proper sepulture. He even declared he would
dig the grave with his own hands, until at last the American officer was shamed into compliance and Velasquez was buried with the honors of war. His kindness in the midst of all the cruel experiences that follow in the track of war won
f'jr him the life-long love and friendship of many a soldier in that eventful time. The brother of Gen. Joseph E. Johnston died in Dr. Steiner*s arms, and the doctor himself helped to make the rude grave in which he was laid to rest. Gen. Fohnston always remembered this with affectionate gratitude. Years afterward he said that Dr. Steiner "was linked to him by the tenderest associations of his life." When the United States army captured Vcra Cruz yellow fever appeared among the troops. Such was the proportions and malignancy that it seemed to threaten to annihilate the American array. Dr. Steiner was placed in charge of the hospitals and lalwred day and night in relief of his fever-stricken com rade?. Finally he contracted the disease and narrowly escaped death. He re-

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2$\

inained in the medical department of the United States army until 1851, when he resigned his commission, and in August of the same year located in Augusta as a practitioner of medicine. Being known to the citizens of Augusta as an elegant gentleman and a highly skilled physician, he entered at once upon a large and lucrative practice, and up to 1889, when he was prostrated upon a sick bed from which he never rose, he was regarded as the most skillful physician in the state of Georgia, indeed in this section of the Union. Dr. Steiner's expe rience in the yellow fever epidemic in Vera Cruz was of great service to the city of Augusta when that disease attacked the city in 1854. He being called to a case, promptly pronounced it yellow fever, and so announced it to the authorities. The merchants ridiculed the diagnosis, and denounced him for thus damaging the city. In a short time, however, the disease was pronounced epi demic, when his former detractors warmly commended his professional acumen. During the entire epidemic he most skillfully and unweariedly ministered to the diseased.
Dr. Steiner's clientele embraced the most distinguished citizens of this sec tion, as well as of Augusta. He was the physician of Govs. Hammond, Pickens and Bonham, of South Carolina, and Gov. Jenkins, Robert Toombs, A. H. Steph ens and John P. King and Col. Henry Gumming, of Georgia. To all these distinguished men he was not only the beloved physician, but the trusted friend and counselor. Indeed it may be truthfully said that he was at once physician and friend in every household in which he practiced his profession. Mr. Steph ens used to say of him that he was a man that would have risen to the first place in any profession which he had chosen. And whenever the "great com moner" was ill, whether in Washington or Atlanta, or at Liberty hall, he always summoned Dr. Steiner, saying that if he had a chance for life it lay in the skill of his trusted physician. With the exception of Mr. Stephens, Dr. Steiner was regarded by Gen. Toombs as his closest personal friend. When Mr. Toombs was made a general in the Confederate army, Dr. Steiner was selected by him as surgeon on his staff. Mr. P. A. Stovall in his life of Robert Toombs tells of the intimacy of the friendship between Dr. Steiner and Gen. Toombs, and the powerful influence which the doctor exerted over the general, both in private and military life. It is a well known fact that it was through the influence of Dr. Steiner that Gen. Toombs made confession of faith in Christ and received baptism. Mrs. Toombs was critically ill at Clarksville in 1883. Their devoted friend, Dr. Steiner, was called to attend her, and remained until her death. Dr. Steiner then spoke to Gen. Toombs of his spiritual condition. Finding the general in proper spiritual condition, he urged him to profess his faith and receive baptism. This the general did, greatly to the rejoicing of the good doctor. Dr. Steiner's minister said of him: "It may be truly said of him that he was a lay evangelist. His ministrations to the sick and the dying became opportunities for spiritual comfort and guidance. His wonderful sympathy won for him the confidence of all his patients, and when he had done everything that human skill could do in ministering to the body, he never failed to say 'a word in season' about the solemn and deeper interests of the soul. His prayers in the sick room can never be forgotten by those who heard them. On one occasion a man was dying and had sent for a Catholic priest to baptize him. The man's life was passing away very fast. He implored that he might not die unbaptized. In the emergency Dr. Steiner did not hesitate to exercise the right, in such extremities, to administer lay baptism. Ho baptized the dying man. As he was coming home after the man had died he met the priest hurrying to the bedside. The doctor told him what lie had done, and the good priest,

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with tears in his eyes, thanked him for the kind office which he had rendered
in his stead to the dying man.
"Xo man in this community ever had a better knowledge of disease than Dr. Steiner. His power of diagnosis amounted almost to intuition. His cures
seemed sometimes to be miracles of healing. Yet with all his skill and rare professional success he never forgot that he was after all only an agent in the service of the Great Physician. The motto of his life was the legend which is written over the door of a lecture room in one of the great schools of med
icine in Paris: 'I dressed the wound; God healed him.' As an evidence of the high estimate placed upon Dr. Steiner by his old army comrade, it is proper to mention that when the late war commenced, Stonewall Jackson invited Dr. Steiner, his old army friend, to accept the position of surgeon on his staff. The love of the people of all classes and races for Dr. Steiner exceeded anything I ever witnessed. Kindness was the law of his life
in his intercourse with even-body. The human heart leaps kindly back to kind ness. Kindness will disarm even the murderous savage, as was proven by the following incident in the life of Dr. Steiner: While he was serving under Gen.
Worth, during the Seminole war, he would often go out hunting alone. When the war ended and the Indians were brought in as prisoners to the camp, the great Seminole chief, Alpati, turned to Dr. Steiner and said: 'Many a time when you were roaming alone through our hunting grounds have I leveled my rifle
to kill you. But Alpati would never hurt the good medicine man.' The senti ment of the great Indian chief is the sentiment of this whole people among
whom he lived so honorably and so long. There is no man among his people who would ever have lifted his hand to harm the 'good medicine man' who has gone to rest. Few men, if any, have ever stood in such intimate personal relations to so many influential people in one community. And by reason of this he occu pied for a long time a position which was altogether unique among our people. More than once he has been the trusted arbiter in difficulties which threatened the peace of families. Time and again his kind offices were invoked to heal estrangements among friends. He was ever the peacemaker, whose judgment was sought and whose counsel was followed, and it was commonly recognized that no other man in the community wielded the same personal influence which was conceded to Dr. Steiner. Dr. Steiner had a strange aversion to holding
any public office. It was with difficulty he was ever persuaded to accept an office of any kind. Whenever he was so persuaded it was only to discharge what
he considered some special and commanding public duty, and then only for a short time. He was a member of the State Medical association of Georgia and might have been its president but for his own refusal to serve. For two years he was a member of the board of health, and during that time he gave to the board the benefit of his rare skill in medicine, his large experience in sanitary measures, his wide information upon all matters relating to the public health, and the characteristic energy with which he did everything that he undertook.
"When several years ago a commission was appointed to formulate a new
charter for the city of Augusta. Dr. Steiner's name at once suggested itself as one which would command the confidence of the entire community and he was unanimously chosen. When again in 1886 a vacancy occurred on the board of education, Dr. Steiner was unanimously elected to fill the vacant place, and con sented to serve. His advice was constantly sought by the board as to the differ ent departments of the public schools and especially in reference to the best methods to be employed in order to preserve the health of the children. Even after lie became too ill to leave his house, he was induced to remain upon the

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board in order that the members, and especially the president, might have the benefit of his counsel whea needed.
"Jn all religious and charitable matters, he was always willing to bear his measure of responsibility, and, if necessary, to take a leading part When Gov. Jenkins died he was elected in 1885 senior warden of St Paul's church. He has often said that this was the only office which he had ever been glad to hold. In that position his untiring energy and his blameless life have represented and illustrated the Episcopal church in Augusta. He was a man of strong convictions and outspoken in his defense of them. No one ever had a doubt as to where Dr. Steiner stood. People knew that he was an Episcopalian, and that he could give a reason, which was not a sentiment, for the faith which was in him; yet he had withal so broad a charity that his convictions never antagonized anyone. He was never separated in sympathy from those with whom he differed. The Sister of Mercy, the Roman Catholic priests, distinguished ministers in the Pres byterian, Methodist and Baptist churches--indeed, Christians of every name-- found in Dr. Steiner a true and loyal friend. In April, 1874, he was elected a member of the board of trustees of the Augusta Orphan asylum, and he always had the deepest interest in that beneficent institution. It will be remembered also how active a part he took in founding the Industrial Home for Fallen Women. It is hardly too much to say that the home owes its existence more to Dr. Steiner than to any other one man. It will be seen, therefore, that with the possible exception of his services on the charter commission and on the board of education, Dr. Steiner held no public office that was not in the line of his profession, or in the interest of charity and religion. Officeholding was distasteful to him because his heart was bound up in his profession, for which he was so singularly gifted, both by nature and education, and yet it was impossible that a man of such striking personality and such extraordinary strength of character could restrict his influence to the limits of his own profession, even if he wished to do so. It has been said by one who is well qualified to express such an opinion, that Dr. Steiner 'was for many years the most eminent private citizen of Augusta; that there was no one whose counsel was so often sought, and whose advice was so gladly followed in matters relating to the welfare of the community, both in church and state.' His fine sense, his broad sympathies, his good judgment, his freedom from prejudice, made him always the safe counselor and valued friend."
The above outline of Dr. Steiner's life is largely extracted from a biographical sketch written of him at the time of his death by his rector, Rev. C. C. Williams. From an intimate acquaintance of twenty years with him I regarded Dr. Steiner as the best-rounded character I ever knew. It was my privilege to have known him upon terms of most intimate personal friendship. His every act seemed to have resulted from a due appreciation of responsibility to conscience and his maker. In his long and trying illness it was my privilege to visit him frequently. Full of faith in God, and perfect submission to his will, it seemed to me that he had attained as near unto Christian perfection as mortal could reach. Every visit I made him was a benediction to me. Having known him intimately in the practice of medicine I give it as my deliberate opinion that he was the ablest practitioner of medicine in Georgia.

CRANK A. STANFORD, M. D.. Columbus. Ca. Dr. Stanford (lied in 1885. aged sixtv years. I have been unable to obtain data as to his carlv vouth and
much of his life which are necessary to write a full memoir of him. He graduated M. D. from the university of New York city. (T cannot ascertain the date.) He served a term on the resident staff of the New York hospital. From a relative

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of his I learn that Profs. Valentine Mott and Van Burcn. of Xew York, regarded Dr. Stanford at the time of his graduation as one of the most promising young physicians of that day. In him their prophecy was fulfilled, for he became one of the greatest of Georgia's great doctors. He was great in all departments of his
profession. He was one of our most renowned general practitioners of medicine, and as a surgeon ranked second to none of Georgia's great surgeons; indeed, he was the peer of the greatest surgeons in America, and had he lived in New York
would have attained a national distinction. He performed almost all of the capital operations known to surgery in his day. During the civil war he was medical director on Wheeler's cavalry corps, occupying this position until the sur
render of the Confederate army, discharging the duties of his high position to the great benefit of the Confederate cause, and to the eminent satisfaction of his distinguished commander. Dr. Stanford was a remarkably handsome man. In military and civil life he was a brave, courteous, highly cultured gentleman, and commanded the respect and confidence of all who were so fortunate as to know him. He was for many years a member of the medical association of Georgia,
and contributed to the volumes of the transactions of this association many of its ablest papers. Beside the above mentioned articles, he contributed much and ably to medical literature through medical journals. He was one of the most useful and highly honored members of the state board of health of Georgia, and
was regarded as one of the most eminent sanitarians in America. With the exception of the period embraced in his army life, he was a resident of Columbus, Ga.. and was considered the most distinguished man in that section of the state.

WALEXTIXE H. TALIAFERRO, M. D.* This eminent gynecologist, although born in Oglethorpe county, Ga., Sept. 24, 1831, came of remote Italian ances
try, and in his personal appearance and distinguishing traits of character he dis played some of the finest qualities of that gifted race. These ancestors on coming to America first settled in the vicinity of Williamsburg, Ya., where they were counted with the wealthy and respectable families of that thriving section of the "Old Dominion." 11 r. Zack Taliaferro, his great-grandfather, who lived in Amherst county, was the father of that gallant and distinguished soldier of the revolu tionary war, Col. Benjamin Taliaferro. who won an enviable reputation in many hard-fought battles, commanding a company under Gen. Washington during the severe campaign of 1777-78, in the Jerseys. At the battle of Princeton he forced the surrender of a company of British troops, and ragged and shoeless, as were the American soldiers in that hard struggle, he stewed forward and proudly accepted the surrendered sword of the elegantly uniformed British commander. Later on Col. Taliaferro joined the southern army, and was captured at the siege of Charleston. Returning to Virginia on parole, he resumed the peaceful occu pation he had left to serve his country on the battlefield. About the year 1785 Col. Taliaferro removed to Georgia, where his brilliant reputation and sterling character soon made him one of the foremost n:en of his day in the state. Among other honors conferred upon him he was elected a member of congress, president of the Georgia senate, a judge of the superior court (although not a lawyer), and trustee of the state university, in all of which positions lie won added reputation as a patriot and statesman. Taliaferro county, the home of the lamented Alexander H. Stephens, will perpetuate his memory far into the distant future. Col. Talia
ferro's son. Warren, who located on Broad river, in Oglethorpe county, married a sister of Gov. George R. Gihncr. of this state, and their only son, Col. Charles B. Taliaferro (lately deceased at Columbus), was the honored father of the subject of this sketch. After giving his son the best educational advantages that home insti-
*\Vritten by J. S. Todd, M. D.. Atlanta. Ga.

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tutions offered, he sent him to the university of New York, located in that city, from the medical department of which he graduated in 1852. Coming back to Georgia, after practicing his profession in Palmetto, Atlanta and Columbus, he finally returned to Atlanta, where he was living when he died. His advancement in honors and reputation were steady and marked. In his early life he edited and published a medical and literary paper. In 1857 he was elected vice-president of the medical association of Georgia; in 1877 ne became president of the Atlanta academy of medicine; in 1876 he was a member of the International Medical con.gress, held in Philadelphia; in 1859 he was elected professor of materia medica in
the Oglethorpe college at Savannah, which he resigned the following year; in 1872 he was chosen professor of diseases of women and children in the Atlanta Medical college, and in 1875 was transferred to the chair of obstetrics and diseases of women, which position he filled with distinguished ability; in 1876 he was dean of the faculty, and a year later was made a trustee. In addition to this, he was the efficient secretary and execvitive officer of the Georgia state board of health (created in 1875) during its active existence. His last address at the opening exercises of the Atlanta Medical college was a masterpiece of oratory. Being a man of un tiring energy and boundless resources, he has been able to respond to the various calls made upon him for such services. Dr. Taliaferro made many valuable contri butions to medical literature, among the more noted we mention: "Medication by the Use of Uterine Tents in Diseases of the Body and Cavity of the Uterus;'' "Pathological Sympathies of the Uterus;" "The Corset in its Relation to Uterine Diseases;" "New Intra-Uterine Pessaries;" "The Application of Pressure in the Treatment of Diseases of the Uterus, Ovaries and Peri-Uterine Structure;'' "New Vaginal and Intra-Uterine Pessaries." In the spring of 1881 Dr. Taliaferro estab lished a private infirmary for the treatment of diseases of women. This infirmary grew steadily until his death. When the late war commenced Dr. Taliaferro was residing in Columbus, and was one of the first to respond to the call for volun teers. As a private in the City Light Guards of Columbus he was brought into the Second Georgia battalion (commanded by Col. Thomas Hardeman, of Macon), and was elected surgeon. Owing to his inheriting a liberal share of the military spirit of his ancestors, Surgeon Taliaferro soon yearned for a more active position, and resigning from the battalion he organized and became colonel of the Tenth Georgia cavalry, which he commanded with rare courage and skill, leaving the army at the close of the war with the brevet rank of brigadier-general. It was this active service that gave Dr. Taliaferro his fine military bearing and trained him to quick movements and prompt results. There were few handsomer or more chivalrous soldiers in the Confederate army, and since the war he ever held in kind remembrance the gallant men of that bloody period. His memorial address at the graves of the dead of the City Light Guards, delivered a few years ago at Colum bus, was an eloquent and beautiful tribute to the "lost cause'' and its "fallen braves." His practice was large and lucrative. A more perfect gentleman in feeling, man ner, thought and action never lived. He was a gentleman by birth, instinct and education. He was an invalid for several years before his death, but continued up to the last actively at work. I prevailed on him to take a much needed rest, and he concluded to go to Tate Springs. For several days before he left he was
confined to his bed, and I found him weak and haggard on the morning of his departure, but he had actually in active preparation all the arrangements to operate on a charity patient. His assistant and I prevailed on him not to attempt the operation. He left for Tate Springs that morning, but carried her and several other patients with him. I am told that just prior to his death he operated. His
disease was albuminaria, accompanied by valvular heart trouble. He literally

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died in the harness. The description by the poet of Abou Ben Adhem applies with pecufiar grace to our dead brother:
Abou Ben Adhem (may his tribe increase!) Awoke one night from a deep dream of peace, And saw within the moonlight of his room, Making it rich and like a lily in bloom, An angel writing in a book of gold. Exceeding peace bad made Ben Adhem bold, And to the presence in the room he said, "'What writest thou?" The vision raised its head, And, with a look made of all sweet accord, Answered, "The names of those who love the Lord." "And is mine one?" asked Abou. "Nay, not so," Replied the angel. Abou spoke more low, But cheerly still, and said, "I pray thee, then, Write me as one that loves his fellow-men." The angel wrote and vanished. The next night It came again, with a great wakening light And showed the names whom love of God had blest And, lo! Ben Adhem's name led all the rest.

1AMES GRAY THOMAS, M. D.,* was born near Bloomneld.Ky. June 24,1835. ,, He began his medical studies in the university of Louisville, Louisville, Ky. He graduated in medicine from the university of the city of Xe\v York in 1856. and began his life work in Bloomfield, the place of his birth and early home. He subsequently settled near Sardis, Ivliss., where he was in general practice when, the late war broke out He entered the Confederate service as a surgeon and continued in that capacity till the war closed. He married in Savannah. Xov. 16, 1865, and made that city the place of his residence. He served in the legislature of Georgia through the sessions of 1875 and 1876. This appa rent divergence from the line of his chosen vocation was made by him in obedii-nce to a sense of public duty, and in compliance with the urgent solicitation of eminent citizens who desired to return to the legislature a judicious and public>piritcd medical man who would lead in procuring the enactment of laws relating to the interest of hygiene in the state. In accepting such public trusts he was especially moved by the hope that he might help to obtain for the state an effective health board. During the session of 1875, *'1C firs* f n's service, the legislature passed an act to create a state board of health for the protection of life and health, and to prevent the spread of diseases in the state of Georgia, and for other pur pose?. He took a most important part in the preparation and passage of this treasure. The board thus created consisted of nine physicians, together with the i omptroller-general and attorney-general and state geologist, and it chose Dr. Thomas as its first president, his name appearing as such in its printed reports for the years 1875 an ^ 1876. He was diligent in his attention to the work of the board, and endeavored faithfully to make its ministration effective for the good of the commonwealth. For the first time in the history of the state, physicians were recognized as an active and working element in its government. Systematic efforts were made throughout the state to increase the number of those who would favor sanitary reform, to establish a correct method of obtaining and using vital statistics, to organize local boards of health, to define the power of each board, and to defend the people on the coast line and over avenues of traffic with the interior against the invasion of pestilence from abroad, and to teach them to recognize and fight against preventable disease within their own borders. A due supervision of all the public charities of the state was also to be provided
Written by Dr. C. R. Agnew, of New York.

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for. In fact, a great movement was started which was intended to secure for the state the inestimable blessing of a good body of health laws, wisely administered. In all this admirable work Dr. Thomas was justly prominent, and had he and his associates been sufficiently sustained by legislative grants and appreciative public opinion, greater results would have been immediately realized. The good he did in turning away from the cherished and most congenial occupations of private practice to serve in public life will link his name as that of a benefactor with the sanitary history of his state and with the annals of state medicine throughout our .entire land. In 1877 an act was passed by the Georgia legislature to provide for the drainage of Chatham county, so as to protect the state from epidemics of yellow fever and other diseases, and to appropriate for said purposes one-third of the state tax of said county for the year 1877, and appointing five commissioners to carry the law into effect. On the organization of the commissioners, March 7, 1877, Dr. Thomas was elected chairman. He took an active and zealous part in the work of the commission and was its chairman at the time of his death. The work done by the commission has been effective in promoting the public health, and material prosperity of the chief commercial ocean gateway of the state. In the winter of 1881 Dr. Thomas had strongly urged the importance of organizing, in Savannah, a citizens' sanitary association, looking to the improvement of the public health through the united efforts of private citizens, and as auxiliary to established public methods of sanitation. The result was a public meeting held in the "long room" of the Exchange, Dec. 14, 1881, largely attended by leading citizens of Savannah. By special invitation, the meeting was addressed by Dr. Thomas. His views were so warmly adopted that the organization of the pro posed association was immediately authorized, and carried into effiect Feb. 10. 1882. On this occasion he was elected president of the association, which began with an enrollment of 259 members, subsequently largely increased. Dr. Thomas
continued in this office to the time of his death. Thus while the doctor was assidu ous in the private practice of his calling, and never neglectful of his solemn obli
gations, he was always concerned about the welfare of the public, and ready in suggesting judicious plans to enlist public-spirited citizens in measures for the general health. He was rarely absent from his work, and only for brief periods of rest, when those for whose health he felt a deep sense of responsibility were least liable to be exposed to epidemic influences. He was an esteemed member of the American Public Health association, and no one who had the privilege of attending the session of that body in Savannah will forget how much the success of the meeting turned on his unostentatious but effective service, and how freeh and courteously the hospitalities of his delightful home were dispensed. His interest in the national board of health was early, consistent and continuous, and lie did what he could to advocate the doctrine of the necessity of the establish ment and maintenance of that body as the most ready, effective agency through which to give the entire country the benefit of adequate sanitary supervision and police, to lessen the ravages of indigenous, preventable diseases, and to prevent the introduction on the coast line of such as threatened to invade the country from without. He was ever willing to do the work that pressed upon him to be done,
and to turn aside even from the most congenial occupations of home life and the routine of his daily practice, if only the claim was addressed to his keen sense of public duty. He was not only a physician, he was also a patriot. It was in obedience to such motives that he left Savannah at the close of November last, although not feeling well, to attend a meeting in the city of Washington to com plete the arrangements for the International Medical congress, to be held in that city in the year 1887. He was taken ill on the railway train near Richmond, but
continued on to his destination. After reaching Washington his malady took the

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form of pneumonia. His wife was sent for; his sympathetic medical brethren aided her in her affectionate and devoted ministrations. At one time the disease seemed
to be checked, but the arrest was only simulated: he grew weaker and on the morning of Saturday, Dec. 6, 1884, departed this life, following, as we have
creditable evidence, those who had endeavored to imitate the Good Physician. Even tin's brief narrative of the life of an exalted member of the medical profes sion would be very incomplete if we did not record one or two more allusions to the quality of the work that he did day by day for the patients who leaned upon
him for sympathy and treatment. He was always on the alert to learn anything which might be for the advancement of his science and art. He was ready to seize a new idea, to develop and utilize it. He was studious and meditative in the line of his calling, notwithstanding the activity of his life, and succeeded in finding
time to keep up with the advance in medical literature. It is to be regretted that hedid not write more. His paper on "Dengue" in the sixth volume of the Transac
tions of the American Public Health Association is an admirable contribution to
the discussion of that obscure and distressing malady. His opinions, oral or written, on medical questions of the day, were always marked by freedom from passion, and by a plain intention to avoid on the one hand the bondage of prejudice, and on the other hasty deduction and restless change. While he was alive to every good impression and suggestion of progress, he was deliberate and judicial in committing himself to that which was new. His honesty and prudencewas manifested in these and many other ways, and his patients and professional brethren trusted him implicitly, and were not disappointed. His personal appear ance was most attractive and commanding. Tall in stature, he was erect and vigorous in his carriage, impressing even casual observers with the fact that he was a man of more than ordinary force. He carried a good head above broad shoulders: his face was "benignant and serious" and on his manly features a light was radiant which came from a good heart. There was an indescribable quality in his presence and manners which won the confidence of all, but especially
impressed and charmed his friends and companions. It is a source of joy and inexpressible satisfaction that there are so many good and true men in the:nodical profession of the United States. The whole fraternity may well join in thankfulness that the career of Dr. Thomas among his colleagues, neighbors and
friends, was blessed as it was to his family, his patients, and the state; that he attempted with so much modesty and unflinching purpose to realize in his daily work and in Ins public service so high an ideal, and that his last professional act. in the performance of which he gave his life, included the grand idea of the broth erhood of nations and the community of science and benevolence. From those who knew him well the source of the power in his life was not hidden; it sprung perpetually from an humble belief, not only in the supernatural, but in a personal. triune God. upon whose mercy he had cast himself, and whose law he strove to know, to love and to obey.

F. \VKSTMORKLAXD. M. D., was born in Fayette county, Ga., Jan. i. * 1828: died in Atlanta, Ga., 1890. His father, Robert Westmorland, was a planter of Fayette county. The YVcstmorelands of the United States have de scended from three brothers, who, prior to the war for American independence, came to this country from England and settled respectively in the states of Penn sylvania, Virginia and North Carolina. The character of this family may be inferred from the fact that a county in each of these states bears their name. Tinsubject of this sketch is a descendant of the Xorth Carolina branch of the family. Having received primary instruction in a neighborhood school of his native county, his education was completed at a high school at Griffin, Ga. He began the study

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of medicine in 1848, and took his first course of lectures in the medical college of Georgia in the session of 1848-9. His second course was taken at Jefferson medical college, Philadelphia, Penn., from which college he graduated in 1850. Returning to Georgia he commenced the practice of medicine in Fayette county, but in July, 1851, moved to Atlanta, where he prosecuted a successful and profitable practiceuntil the fall of 1852. At this period he placed himself under the special instruction of Dr. Paul F. Eve, then professor of surgery in the medical department in the university at Nashville, Tenn. There he remained for eight months, enjoying excellent opportunities for acquiring knowledge in this branch of his profession. His tastes led him to surgery, and in order to further perfect himself in this branch he went to Paris in the winter of 1852. He attended upon the lectures of Valpeau, Nelaton, Rioux, Ricord and other eminent men of the profession, and applied him self assiduously to the details of that branch of medical science. He remained in Paris for about two years, enjoying the instruction of the most distinguished pro fessors of Europe and opportunities for acquiring practical knowedge of surgery which were unsurpassed on the continent. Appreciating these advantages, they were improved by him to the utmost. In 1854, while he was in Paris, he was chosen professor of surgery in the Atlanta medical college. He accepted the appointment. and returning home entered promptly and earnestly upon the duties of the position. In 1855-6 he delivered a course of lectures upon surgery in the Atlanta medical college, which demonstrated his thorough knowledge of this branch of the pro fession, establishing at the same time a reputation for a great skill as a surgeon by the successful performance of many delicate and difficult operations. In 1855 he founded the "Atlanta Medical and Surgical Journal," and assumed the position of editor. Until the year 1877 he continued his connection with the "Journal,'' either in the relation of editor or proprietor. Although lie had acquired an enviable distinction as a surgeon, he aspired to higher attainments and still greater skill. To gratify this laudable ambition he again sailed for Europe in September, 1856. As on his previous visit, he located in the French metropolis, and attended the lectures of the most eminent physicians and surgeons of that country. In addition to his attendance upon the lectures of these distinguished professors, he became a private pupil of Dumas, the celebrated oculist; Robin, the microscopist. and Verneille, surgical pathologist, embracing in the scope of his studies and special instruction everything auxiliary to a complete knowledge of surgery. In 1857. he returned to Georgia, bringing with him as trophies of his assiduous studies, certificates of proficiency from the learned professors mentioned. Locat ing in Atlanta, he entered at once upon the practice of surgery, his renown as a surgeon constantly growing- until his fame extended over the entire country. The war of the states came on, and relinquishing a large and lucrative practice, he tendered his services to his native section These were promptly and cordially accepted. As surgeon in the field, his knowledge and skill proved invaluable to the southern army. Faithful, efficient and patriotic, he enjoyed the fullest confi dence and esteem of those in power and command, while many a hero who bled for the southern cause realized his skillful and kindly ministrations on the field of conflict. Wherever ordered he went with alacrity, considering only the will of his country. Devoted to the cause of the southern Confederacy, he followed her for tunes with pride and hope until the last day of conflict, when, at Appomattox, her flag was furled forever and the cause for which her heroes had battled was lost. Turning sadly homeward, in sympathy with the people of the south, he in due time arrived in Atlanta, desolated by the merciless invader, and resumed the practice of his profession. Although thorough in every branch of medical science, and eminent as a general practitioner of medicine, he particularly devoted himself to the practice of surgery. His success in this branch of the profession was eminent,
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and made him a reputation that extends to every state of the republic, classing with the comparatively small number of our race who have fully achieved the purposes of their ambition. He was a prominent figure in any gathering of his profession. In die medical society of his city he was president of the Atlanta academy of medicine, was a member of the medical association of Georgia, and elected its president in 1873. He was a prominent member of the American Medical asso ciation and frequently attended its sessions. Dr. Westmoreland was one of the most renowned medical teachers in America. For thirty-eight years he was pro fessor of principles and practice of surgery in the Atlanta medical college. His fame as a teacher added greatly to the prestige of the school. He contributed many valuable papers to the literature of his profession. His writings marked him as a physician and surgeon of profound acumen. His writings were of that high order which must cause him to live in the records of scientific medicine. Dr. Westmoreland was one of nature's noblemen. He was the friend of humanity. Though dead he yet lives; lives in the hearts of a grateful people, to whom he so skillfully and unselfishly devoted his life; lives in the hearts of his professional
brethren, who loved him for his manly, chivalrous nature, his loyalty to friendship, and his wonderful professional acumen.

QAMUEL G. WHITE, M. D., was born in Milledgeville, Nov. 17, 1824; died in
his native city May 13,1877, aged fifty-three years. His medical education was acquired at Jefferson medical college, Philadelphia, Pa., from whence he was grad uated M. D. in March, 1845. That he stood high in the esteem of the faculty
of this renowned school is attested by the fact that during a part of his last term he filled the position of demonstrator of anatomy in this institution. In 1846 he was appointed assistant surgeon of the United States navy, and remained in this sen-ice until the conclusion of the Mexican war. Dr. White resigned from the navy, settled in Milledgeville and practiced his profession until 1859. He then went to Europe, attending lectures and clinics abroad until the commencement of the \var between the state?. When the tocsin of war was sounded Dr. White promptly
returned home, offered his services to the southern cause, and was commissioned surgeon of Cobb's legion of Georgia cavalry. He continued in this position during the entire period of the war. Dr. White was a chivalrous, skillful officer, and was
greatly loved by the soldiers. He delighted to accompany his command in the thickest of the fight, and heroically ministered to his wounded comrades in the midst of the shot and shell of the enemy. He was one of the ablest surgeons of the army, and with great skill performed many capital operations during his four
years of military sen-ice. Upon the cessation of hostilities he returned to Milledge ville worn down by honorable service to his country. In common with his people lie found himself penniless through the confiscations of property visited upon the southern people by the victorious north. Nothing daunted by this misfortune, he consecrated himself anew to the relief of human suffering, and practiced his pro fession among the friends of his childhood home until stricken with paralysis, which terminated fatally in May, 1877. Among his people he was the beloved physician, and ministered to the sick and afflicted with skill and tenderness rarely excelled. He was an humble follower of the Great Physician, occupying the position of ruling elder in the Presbyterian church in his native city. At one time Dr. White was
president of the board of medical examiners of Georgia, and filled the duties of this honorable position with the faithfulness, zeal and ability which characterized him in the discharge of every duty placed upon him.

CHAKLKS X. \VKST.

CHAPTER VI.
BY CHARLES NEPHEW WEST.
THE BENCH AND BAR OP GEORGIA--FIRST PERIOD, 1733-175--GEORGIA UNDER THE TRUSTEES--THE FIRST COURT--THE CHARTER--BAD APPOINTMENTS-- BAILIFFS-CAUSTON TRIUMPHANT--JOHN WESLEY-S LOVE AFFAIR--WESLEY IN FLIGHT--CAUSTON'S FALL--HENRY PARKER--FREDERICA'S COURT --NEW. COURTS--WILLIAM STEPHENS--CONSOLIDATION OF COURTS--JUDICIAL ARRANGEMENTS --NO LAWYERS ALLOWED -- SUNDRY CHANGESJAMES HABERSHAM--SECOND PERIOD, 1752-1777--THE CROWN JUDICIARYCOURT OF VICE-ADMIRALTY--ROYAL JUDGES--NOBLE JONES--JONATHAN BRYAN --LAWYERS ALLOWED -- WILLIAM GROVER -- ANTHONY STOKES-- "CRACKER" IMMIGRATION--"CRACKER" CONQUEST--THIRD PERIOD, 1777-1781 --GEORGIA DURING THE REVOLUTION--CONSTITUTIONS OF 1776 AND 1777-- DISTINGUISHED MEN OF THE TIME--EARLY BAR--FOURTH PERIOD, 1789-179* --GEORGIA AFTER THE REVOLUTION--JUDICIARY ACT OF 1789--SUPERIOR COURTS--MIDDLE CIRCUIT CREATED--APPELLATE PROCEEDINGS--SUPE RIOR COURT JUDGES--SUPERIOR COURT DAYS, 1797-1846--NO SUPREME COURT --CIRCUIT RIDING--SENATOR FROM GEORGIA--ATTORNEY-GENERAL--DISSO LUTION OF JACKSON'S CABINET--SENATOR AGAIN--CHARACTER--WILLIAM HARRIS CRAWFORD--FIFTH PERIOD. 1848-1895--GEORGIA UNDER A SUPREME COURT--PROMINENT JURISTS AND LAWYERS--GEORGIA UNDER A CODE OF LAWS--THE VARIOUS CIRCUITS.
FIRST PERIOD. GEORGIA UNDER THE TRUSTEES, 1733-1752.
T HE 7th day of July, 1733, was a great day in the little hamlet of Savannah. Doubtless the sun rose as red and hot on that .day as it usually does on the 7th of July upon that coast--declared afterward by a departing gov ernor, Ellis, to be the hottest country of which he knew. Said he pathetically, "I have traversed a great part of this globe, not without giving some attention to the peculiarities of each climate, and I fairly pronounce that I never felt such heat anywhere as in Georgia/' But this was before the days of remote travels, and a comparison now might give the coast of Georgia comfort But July as it was, hot or cold, there was business to be done, and whether Gen. Oglethorpe mopped his fervid brow or critically eyed the rafters and roof of the "court house and chapel" to see if his carpenters had done him good work against a summer storm, the business of the colonial parturition had to go on. All day long there were great public acts being done--acts of a sort which made

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the day most memorable to the colony and its settlers--a day from which they could fairly say that the history of the town and of their property in it had com menced. The time had arrived when the colonists--some 300 strong--were to emerge from the confusion and abeyance of settlement into organization and
some sort of permanency. The impecunious settlers came from their lines of board and log houses, in which they had lodged for some five months, and wended their various ways early in the morning under great pines to the little
courthouse, new, stanch and unpainted, which stood where the United States custom house now stands. Oglethorpe and his confidential came also in great state from the general's quarters on the bluff, with salutes of artillery and ringing of bells, and presided over the birth of the new colony, called together in its first
meeting. It opened with prayer for divine blessing and assistance, badly enough needed in the future affairs of the infant colony about to be born. Then were
named in order the various wards, tithings and streets of the town, from which time henceforth the Savannese could tell himself where he lived. All this was duly explained by the good general to his delighted followers, with the appropriate reasons for the various names given, few of which reasons have survived to the
incurious citizens, although perpetuated in print After that ensued the allotment of land, in which the settlers were more personally interested--each male inhab itant, so benefited, presumably being the head of a family, existing or in
expectancy. These exercises occupied all morning, and the energies of the colonists were then refreshed by a fine dinner at the general's expense, washed
down by plenty of English beer.

THE FIRST COURT.
But the events of the long July day were not yet over. The general, who had hitherto retained to himself as governor all legal authority in the afternoon opened the first court ever held in Georgia. Judges there were, appointed by the trustees in the previous November, but hitherto they had discharged no duty. Under the orders of Oglethorpe, Geo. Symes, Richard Hodges and Francis Scott, known as "bailiffs" of the town, took their seats as judges of the civil and criminal court, with Noble Jones as recorder (or clerk) and Richard Cannon and Joseph Coles as constables, and proceeded to try the first case in the colony, with Samuel Parker, Thos. Young, Joseph Cole, John Wright, John West, Timothy Bowling, John ililledge, Henry Close, Walter Fox, John Grady, James Carwell and Richard Cannon as the jury.
In these names \ve see but two, Jones and Milledge, which we recognize to-day as represented in Georgia; and another curious feature, indicative of the paucity of good jurors, is in the fact that both the constables were on the jury. All duly commissioned and sworn, and certainly fuller of good beer than of legal knowledge, the bench of Georgia undertook its duties, without a bar, in the presence of the general himself, and doubtless with great dignity, yet with many internal tremors, and the wheels of judicial inquiry commenced to move. One hundred and sixty years have passed since that court sat on the afternoon of that July day. Oglethorpe's high court sat in a little frame house on the bluff of the Savannah river, without bar or library. To-day, 300 miles away, the highest tribunal of the state sits in a splendid room of a magnificent granite building, hearing over 600 appeal cases in the year, argued by hundreds of learned counsel. They come to that room from an immense law library at the other extremity of the capitol, and the court itself is surrounded by luxurious chambers and its own judicial library. The first court administered such law as it knew for a few hundred people. The supreme court corrects the errors of the judges for twenty-

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tliree circuits, who themselves revise a host of minor judicatories, and try the legal
contentions of nearly 2,000,000 of souls. Oglethorpe would have marveled indeed if he could have seen these results of his colonial venture and the growth of the court that administered law under his eyes in 1733.

THE CHARTER.
The authority of Oglethorpe to establish courts in Georgia was derived from the trustees of the colony, who in their turn received their power by charter from the crown of England. That instrument sanctioned by George II., June 9, 1732, for the purpose of creating a provisional government for the colony which Ogle thorpe designed to settle, provided:
'That for and during the term of twenty-one years, to commence from the date of these our letters patent, the said corporation assembled for that purpose, shall and may form and prepare laws, statutes and ordinances, fit and necessary for and concerning the government of the said colony, and not repugnant to the laws and statutes of England, and the same shall and may present, under their common seal, to us, our heirs and successors, in our or their privy council, for our or their approbation or disallowance; and the said laws, statutes and ordinances being approved of by us, our heirs and successors, in our or their privy council, shall from thenceforth be in full force and virtue within our said province of Georgia."
It further provided: "And we do, of our further grace, certain knowledge and mere motion, grant, establish and ordain, for us, our heirs and successors, that the said corporation and their successors, shall have full power and authority for and during the term of twenty-one years, to commence from the date of these our letters patent, to erect and constitute judicatories and courts of record, or other courts, to be held in the name of us, our heirs and successors, for the hearing and determining of all manner of crimes, offences, pleas, processes, plaints, actions, matters, causes and things whatsoever, arising or happening within the said province of Georgia or between persons of Georgia; whether the same be criminal or civil, and whether the said crimes be capital or not capital, and whether the said pleas be real, personal or mixed, and for awarding and making out executions thereupon; to which courts and judicatories, we do hereby, for us, our heirs and successors, give and grant full power and authority, from time to time, to administer oaths for the discovery of truth, in any matter in controversy or depending before them, or the solemn affirmation to any of the persons commonly called Quakers, in such manner as by the laws of our realm of Great Britain the same may be admin
istered."
BAD APPOINTMENTS.
It is obvious to us that the great body of local laws enacted by the trustees for the government of the colony before any fair test of its difficulties had been made, and perhaps all appointments of persons named in advance for the admin istration of those laws, must, in the very nature of things, have been largely theoretical. Some experience indeed had been drawn from the history of other colonies, but in each of the colonies of the United States the organization was so natch independent of others and made by different classes of people for diverse purposes, and under various circumstances, that it was practically impossible to do more than theorize concerning the new colony about to be established in the exorcise of purely benevolent designs. We need not, therefore, be surprised to find grave mistakes made by the trustees both in the enactment of laws and in the selection of officials. Nowhere was this more visible than in the appointment

MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.
of judicial officers. The trustees, in pursuance of the power invested in them, arranged for the establishment of a court in Georgia, for the trial of causes both civil and criminal, to be called the ''town court"; for the appointment of magis trates, three bailiffs, a recorder, two constables, and two tithing men. Doubtless as usual, most of these appointments were made by favor; such is the habit now, and even more was it the habit then. The court was empowered to take jurisdic tion of "all manner of crimes, pleas, offenses, processes, plaints, actions, matters, causes and things whatsoever arising or happening within the province of Georgia, or between persons inhabiting or residing there, whether the same be criminal or civil, and whether the said crimes be capital or not capital, and whether the said pleas be real or personal or mixed; to be tried according to the laws and customs of the realm of England, and of the laws enacted for the said province." The three bailiffs were to be the judges, the recorder acting as clerk, and freeholders only were admitted as jurors. The names of the first bench of bailiffs have already been given, they having received their commissions a few days before the depart ure of the first vessel. We do not know of any who conferred great honor upon the bench. They must have been men of some sort of significance to have received their appointments before the colonists left England, but in no other way can their fitness be inferred.
BAILIFFS.
Some criticism has been expended upon their official titles, by which they became judges of the new court, and it has been thought that there was a mistake in conferring the large powers invested in them upon that court, because the judges were called "bailiffs." The objection, however, seems to be hypercritical. The name itself, it is true, had been applied in Europe to a very different sort of judicial officer, but it would seem to be a matter of no importance whatsoever whether the new judges were called bailiffs, justices, or barons, if they had been proper men. Their power was enormous, including that of life and death, as well as of all property rights; but no one could foresee the future growth of the colony, and there appears a certain modesty, not unlike the character of Oglethorpe himself, in dubbing the judges of this court of his little town "bailiffs," rather than a more high sounding name, even though no other court ever held greater power.
THOMAS CAUSTON.
Of the two of the first incumbents, Symes and Scott, we have no record then or thereafter of any personal significance. They were probably men of no great mark, character or ambitions--a probability enhanced to certainty by their subse quent subjugation to a new man. Hodges died shortly after his appointment, and his place was filled, through the nomination of the trustees, by Thomas Causton as second bailiff--rapidly afterward chief bailiff, and therefore chief justice of the colony. This gentleman lacked neither vigor nor ambition; to which positive qualities he added an absence of all scruples that might possibly deter his control, with the sea between him and the governor. One would have supposed his judicial authority, untrammeled by governor or any appellate annoy ances, large enough for the accomplishment of most selfish designs; but those advantages were also enlarged for Causton by the position of keeper of the public stores, which he also held. For several years the new colony was much dependent upon the charity that established it for the support of her poor, as well as for the supplies for which her prosperous had ready money. Pauperism springs as often from laziness as from misfortune; and it would be a violent presumption to suppose that the main body of Oglethorpe's people were indus-

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trious. Dependent, therefore, as they were--through indolence or bad luck-- upon the public stores for charity or for purchases, and passing through the unavoidable mishaps of a new enterprise, it was Bailiff Causton's good fortune in the active pursuit of his prosperity that he governed the colony not only by adjudicating their lives and property, but by cutting off the rations of his enemies, if they showed too stout a resistance--a lethal weapon which no other chief officer of the state, good or bad, has ever since been able to call to his assistance. It is small wonder that under these terrors, all other officials and most of the people yielded; so that in a very short time the chief bailiff was quite the dictator of the colony, and indulged his fancy for arbitrary proceedings and judicial splendor to his heart's content--certainly to the utmost of the poor resources of the colony.

CAUSTON TRIUMPHANT.
This was not gained without opposition. There are always people who believe that the right will win, and because it is the right. Sanguine persons of the colony of this sort there were, who had not the fear of the court or bodily hunger before their eyes, and they attempted a tilt with Causton. They petitioned the trustees at length, setting forth the iniquities of the chief bailiff, and asked that he should be deposed. Probably the trustees had also received private information from some personal friend of a trustee; or perhaps from their secretary in Georgia, Col. Stephens--afterward president of the colony--for they believed the com plaint, removed Causton, and sent out Mr. Gordon as chief bailiff. But the astute Causton was a man of far too much resource for the trustees, in one encounter, with so many miles of water between him and them. He had not been removed as keeper of the public stores; and in that capacity he refused to sell to his successor, Gordon, and starved him out. Gordon'3 stomach seems to have checked his ambition, for in six weeks he left for England; whereon Causton--we may sup pose with a sardonic smile--re-took his seat upon the bench, and commenced administering strict justice, with an eye especially turned toward the sins of the late petitioners against him. Among the latter was one Capt. Joseph Watson of the Georgia militia, against whom Causton procured an indictment for pervert ing the minds of the Indians against the colony. On this trial the judge added to his judicial duties by acting as witness and prosecuting official; but was sur prised to find his carefully selected jury inclined to defeat his view of justice by returning a verdict substantially of "not guilty." The chief bailiff ordered them back to find a different verdict. They filed in again without change of mind; again he sent them out with a menacing charge requiring them to find Watson "guilty and a lunatic," and to "recommend him to the mercy of the court." The jury found him "guilty of lunacy," in which verdict, considering the previous petition against Causton and the helplessness of the colonists, there may have been some logic. Causton's justice asserted itself by three years' confinement of Watson in jail, without formal sentence.

JOHN WESLEY'S IX>VE AFFAIR.
The most notorious work of Causton's judicial life was his persecution of John Wesley. The latter arrived in Georgia full of missionary purposes in i~tf>.~ and while there lost his heart to a young lady named Sophia Hopkins, a niece of Causton's. Of this young lady we have varying accounts. Bishop Stevcns, desirous of the exoneration of his clerical brother, says that Wesley had "allowed his affections to become ensnared by the artifices of a lady who possessed many attractions of mind and body, but whose moral character seemed to lack that

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modesty and integrity, the absence of which makes even beauty deceitful and - favor vain," and describes her as having "studied graces and apparent piety."
On the other hand, Jones speaks in glowing phrases--drawn from what source of information or inspiration not appearing--of the "charming and coquettish young lady.'7 with none of the defects of character so plainly spoken by the other \vriters.
WESLEY IX FLIGHT.
But whether she was frivolous or only coquettish, the devout Wesley was hopelessly in love, and remained so until warned by other spiritual guides of the danger to his soul. Upon the appearance of his trouble of mind the young lady broke off her engagement, and eight days afterward consoled herself and punished her victim by marrying a gentleman of Savannah. Whatever was Wesley's share in the affair, it aroused Causton's ire, and thereupon followed "trumped-up" proceed ings against the apostle, to which was bent all the energy of the bench; and the civil power so far prevailed against the spiritual that Wesley, wearied and wholly itnable to obtain a trial, left for Charleston by boat, "upon the serving of the tide" \vith the intent to avoid the giving of bail, and, for all future time, the well-known justice of Causton. About five miles from Savannah the waters find a small outlet to sea by a sinuous channel, which winds its way southwardly through marshes and by high bluffs until it becomes the splendid river of Wassaw. Upon one of those bluffs Causton had built himself a fine mansion, embowered in cedars and noble live oaks, whose long branches and mosses still sweep down to the ground. Riding or driving home from the business of the day, the chief bailiff would seat himself on his cool verandah, and surrounded by his happy family, and looking over the prospect of green marsh and shining river toward the shores of Wilmington and White Marsh islands, his heart would expand with joy as he thought of the way in which he had fortified his position, and of the enemies whom he had punished. He had almost reached the summit of his hopes, and doubtless looked forward to a peaceful and wealthy old age--possibly as the absolute master of an independent province.

CAUSTON'S FALL.
But while he could fairly count upon the indolence of trustees in regard to the mental distress of his fellowmen, he had failed to take into consideration the effect upon them of the financial side of his business. While thus triumphant and prosperous, in all the peace of a good man, the vouchers and accounts forwarded to England by him. as keeper of the stores, alarmed the trustees much more than his judicial methods, and they again sent orders for his removal and the appoint ment of Mr. Henry Parker in his place. Fortunately for them, in this their second essay of strength, with the resourceful chief bailiff, Oglethorpe was then in Amer ica, and in Frederica. observing the Spaniards. He received his orders before his return to Savannah--Causton not to be sent to England, but to be held in custody or under bond. Upon Oglethorpe's arrival at Savannah he was met in state by the magistrates--Causton at the head--with due welcome. The latter was soon informed by Oglethorpe of the charges against him, which lie resented with vigor, but on Oct. 8. 1/38. was removed from office, held under his own bond, with propertv security, and notified to account. Failing to do this in any proper manner, he was ordered to London, where he went before the common council of the trustees. This proceeding producing no satisfactory results, he was per mitted t<"> embark \<>r Georgia, where he promised to produce the vouchers needed

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to balance his accounts, but died at sea, doubtless to the great relief of the Savannah colonists, who had good reason to fear the final outcome of a struggle between his astuteness and the distant trustees.

HENRY PARKER.
When the trustees sent out orders for the removal of Causton we saw them appointing Mr. Henry Parker in his place--an appointment not carried then into effect No reason appears for his failure to take his seat, which was instead filled by Col. William Stephens. Most likely Oglethorpe did it out of his own wise judgment. But as to the man Parker, what was the truth? We have his charac ter sketched by Tyerman, the biographer and devoted admirer of John Wesley. Parker was so unlucky as to have been of the court before which Wesley had been summoned after his love worries. Enough and more than enough for Tyerman. Parker, says he, was a carpenter, and could not read or write. Parker was a drunken rascal, "an absolute slave to liquor." But bad for Tyerman, the biog rapher, that self same Parker, in a colony wherein were Noble Jones and James Habersham and Jonathan Bryan, was shortly afterward made vice-president of the colony under the aristocrat, Stephens, and president at his death. As we have said, Causton's vacant seat was filled by Col. William Stephens, of memory as happy as Causton's is bad.
BAILIFFS QUARRELSOME.
He had been the secretary of the trustees in Georgia, and of him all good tilings can be said. His associates must have troubled him greatly, in the language of our writer,, for they were "inefficient, quarrelsome and disposed to make the interests of the public subserve their private aims." The inefficiency of the Savannah bench seems to have impressed the trustees, for, with a desire to procure for them a respect, \yhich neither their conduct nor ability had inspired, the trustees sent them over splendid judicial robes; those of the bailiffs being purple, edged with fur, and the recorder's being black, tufted. The bailiffs, however, had become so much at variance with each other that even in such a simple matter as gowns they could not agree; 'and it was three months before they could so far settle between themselves their contentions over their robes as to wear them on the bench. But when they finally composed their difficulties on that subject, and sat in their gowns, the genius of this stroke of the trustees became manifest in the order and decorum of the court, "such as had not been seen in a great while." Whether this pleasant effect was produced upon the members of the bench or the people, the chroniclers do not state.

FREDERICA'S COURT.
But fortunately the town court of the three bailiffs, with its inefficiency and malpractice, was destined to be of but short life. In February, 1736, Frederica had been settled by Oglethorpe and established with municipal and judicial service, precisely as had been Savannah. The life of its court was so short and its course so bad that labor upon its history is worth nothing to anyone. Enough to say that they quarreled and mis-governed with all their vigor for five years. Some bailiffs could not even write. That might have been borne with comfort if they had understood what justice meant. So they went on their way of brief authority, misusing all things under them and abusing all people around them until the whole system of town courts in both jurisdictions, filled by such appoint-

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meats as has been named under it, wearied the trustees and brought them to break it up. To us it seems that the system was not so wrong as were the persons appointed under it Practically there was no great difference in the new plan adopted for both jurisdictions in 1741. Instead of town courts and a present governor the trustees on April 15 divided the whole colony into two counties, one to be Savannah, including all the country north of Darien, and the other Frederica. Over each there was to be a president and four assistants, who managed the civil and judicial jurisdiction of the two counties. William Stephens was made president of the county of Savannah, with Henry Parker, Thomas Jones, John Fallowfield and Samuel Mercer (or Marcer), assistants. No appointments were made for Frederica at this time, the council waiting for Oglethorpe and his information.
NEW COURTS.
As to the new judicature it will be noticed that the chief change was made by putting the civil power into judicial hands, rather than reserving that to a civil person or body. (Happy and richer, indeed, would Causton have been if this good fortune had happened to him.) The increase of two judges, called assistants, made no difference in principle. After all, if better things came from the new order--and much better things did come--they came partly from the weight of the trustees' hands, felt from across the ocean, in wiping out the old jurisdictions, and making new; a result easily seen by the colonists, and very instructive of the measure of power that did somewhere exist, if slow to act; and partly from the increased authority given to the upright Stephens, who from chief bailiff of a court, thus became president of the whole colony of Savannah, with power of vice-governor, Oglethorpe retaining civil and military control as of old.

WILLIAM STEPHENS.
It is pleasant to report that Col. Stephens was entitled to and received the respect and obedience of all persons, to which he was entitled by rank, birth and character. He was the son of Sir Wm. Stephens, lieutenant-governor of the Isle of Wight, and was for twenty-six years an honored member of parliament; and in 1743, when the two counties of Savannah and Frederica became united, he became president of the whole colony. He was then seventy years of age. Notwithstanding the drawback of age, however, he continued to administer the duties of his office until 1751, when, being made aware by his reluctant assistants of their embarrassments growing out of his age and infirmities, he resigned and was succeeded by Henry Parker, the vice-president, and died at Bewby, near Savannah. Of the other assistants appointed at the same time with Stephens, it is noticeable--as is also true of Stephens--that Parker and Mercer are the only persons who came over first with Oglethorpe. The others seem to have been more recent arrivals, or were selected and sent over from England with a special eye to their fitness.
CONSOLIDATION OF COURTS.
The information received by the trustees, upon Oglethorpe's return to Europe, as to the rivalries and jealousies between the two governments and judicatories of Savannah and Frederica, and the difficulties to be expected out of two inde pendent boards, determined the trustees to unite them under one central author ity; and in May, 1743, they revoked tlieir former order?, and consolidated the two

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counties under the jurisdiction of the president and assistants of Savannah, as such of the whole colony, the bailiffs of Frederica remaining a local and sub ordinate court.
JUDICIAL, ARRANGEMENTS.
Fixed terms of court four times a year were to be held by the general court at Savannah. Besides the local court at Frederica, bailiffs were created at various remote points, with power to try what was termed "petit causes," and to commit offenders to await trial by the general court at Savannah in such cases as exceeded the very limited jurisdiction of the local bailiffs. We thus find affairs differing very slightly from what they were during the time of the bailiffs. Savannah, the chief point and place for holding the general court and president and assistants, instead of bailiffs--but bailiffs exercising the real functions of bailiffs, properly so called, at any place or point where a justice of the peace might be needed. No writs of error or appeal, and no higher appellate court, the president of the court also vice-governor of the colony.

NO LAWYERS ALLOWED.
As yet we have no bar, attorneys specially warned off, and not allowed to practice or plead before the general court, or any other court in the colony. Why they were excluded it is difficult to say. Not by the act of the colonists, from whom objections to attorneys might naturally be expected, as many of them had sad recollections of that sort; but the exclusion came from the trustees. To have originated with them out of sympathy with the unfortunate debtors would have indicated a degree of delicacy hardly to be expected from those times. But excluded lawyers were, and not permitted at all until the new juris dictions were established by the crown, after the surrender of the charter.

SUNDRY CHANGES.
Under these provisions the colony lived prosperously enough, so far as the administration of justice was concerned, and without event worthy of record here, until the surrender of its charter. In the meantime, we note several changes in the bench, besides the accession of Stephens as president Parker died a year after his appointment and was succeeded as president by Patrick Graham, of whom there is nothing notable, except that he was not only of sufficient import ance then to be president, but afterward a member of the colonial council, until he disappears out of colonial records. Samuel Mercer (or Marcer) misbehaved in some way--facts not stated, except that "he had proved faithless to his trust.''

JAMES HABERSHAM.
His place was taken by James Habersham, the merchant-partner in the house of Harris & Habersham, the oldest firm in Georgia, and he himself the ancestor of a line of gentlemen, easily among the best, if not the best, in the history of the colony and state. Of him as assistant justice of the colony there is little to be noted. His fine qualities do not appear in records or in books until after the new government was in, and the troubled time of Gov. Wright had come upon the colony. Then he shows himself a man of note--full of strength, firmness and dignity. Not carried away from his post of duty as vice-governor by affiliations of friendship or blood, but loyal to the crown, and stanch to his position until he

MEMOIRS OP GEORGIA.
died. But we are now thinking of him as a member of the general court, 5n which respect there is nothing to be said.
MORE CHANGES.
Col. Noble Jones, an intimate friend of Oglethorpe's, and the holder of various offices of trust in the colony, was made assistant justice in the place of Parker, promoted, and Picketing Robinson and Francis Harris in the place of Thomas Jones and John Fallowfield. Of these men but one name need be remembered, and that name affords a curious illustration of the very doubtful nature of the colonists' resistance to royal authority. The two members of the bench whose names have come down to us without loss of character to the present time are Jones and Habersham. Both men of the highest character--honorable, patriotic, thoughtful and considerate--yet when the war conies on we find them and their sons on different sides; the fathers standing by the crown with tenacious loyalty --the sons as vigorous in aggression against it Such things we may notice hastily as we record the bench of the trustees, but of things judicial there is nothing to be remembered. The most and best that can be said is that from the time that Stephens became president until the surrender of the charter justice was so efficiently and quietly administered that it made no noise, and we have no echoes.
SECOXD PERIOD. GEORGIA UNDER THE CROWN, 1752-1777.
THE CROWN JUDICIARY.
We now come to the surrender of the charter by the trustees, which occurred June 23, 1752, a few days prior to its legal expiration. From, that time, until the arrival in Georgia of Gov. Reynolds to put into effect the formal establishment of the new courts by the privy council, the judges then holding office were by proclamation retained, and continued to discharge their judicial duties even after Gov. Reynolds arrived, and until the attorney-geneial came over and set judicial matters in order. In the summer of 1754 the crown granted the order of the lords commissioners of trades and plantations creating a permanent plan of gov ernment for the province. By this plan it was provided that there should be a court of record, to be known as the general court, to be held four times a year on the second Tuesday in June, April, July and October, and to have the same jurisdiction in the province that the courts of the king's bench common, pleas, and exchequer exercised in England. This court was to transact civil business only, all criminal business being tried by a court of session of oyer and terminer and general gaol delivery, to be held twice a year by the same judges who presided in the general court. Two grand juries were provided, but this was found insufficient, considering the heat of the country, and the misery of jail confinement; and afterward there were four. The general court was located at Savannah, the presiding judge was to be called the "chief justice of Georgia," and to be appointed by the crown; and had this advantage over the ancient bailiff, that he must be a barrister-at-law, who had attended at Westminster. To him was appointed a salary of five hundred pounds sterling, comparatively a very much larger salary than that now enjoyed by his present successors in the granite capitol building. With him were three assistant justices, who were

THE BENCH AND BAR OF GEORGIA.
appointed by the governor, and had only honor for their reward, getting no pay except on the death or absence of the chief justice.
It will be seen, however, that the salary of the chief justice was considerably more than five hundred pounds, as he also received perquisites and fees. Gov. Wright estimated the entire income of the chief justice in 1773 at 1,020--com paratively more than is now paid the whole bench of the Georgia supreme court. The powers of a chancellor were vested in the governor, to whom also was committed the jurisdiction of the ordinary in the probate of wills and in the administration of estates. A court of errors, consisting of the governor and colonial council, heard all appeals from the lower courts. No appeal lay unless the judgment exceeded 300; but if it was more than 500, a further appeal could be prosecuted to his Britannic majesty in council. A court of vice-admiralty, with a justice appointed by the crown, had jurisdiction of maritime causes.
COURT OP VICE-ADMIRALTY.
This court was of much greater importance in those days than in more modern times even, as wars with France and acts of piracy were constantly on hand and furnished material for its work. An appeal lay to the high court of admiralty in England. Gov. Reynolds presided temporarily as vice-admiral and judge of the admiralty court. Jas. Edw. Powell was its judge advocate; Wm. Clifton, advocate general; Alexander Kellet, marshal, and Wm. Spencer, register. Justices' courts were provided for minor causes, appeals being permitted where the debt or dam age claimed was forty shilling sterling.
ROYAL JUDGES.
No appointment of chief justice was immediately made, but commissions were issued on Dec. 12, 1754 to Noble Jones and Jonathan Bryan as justices of the general court, which held its first term on the first Tuesday of January, 1755.
NOBLE JONES.
We have already referred to Col. Noble Jones, the first acting chief justice of Georgia, and of him it remains only to be said that he retained his seat upon the bench in that capacity, and aftenvard as assistant until his death, which occurred in October, 1775, a faithful and upright judge, loyal to justice, to his manhood and to the crown. At the time of his death, Gov. Wright was a prisoner in the hands of the revolutionists.
JONATHAN BRYAN.
Jonathan Bryan shared at an early date the animosity of the Georgia whigs against England. At a public meeting of citizens in the autumn of 1769, when resolutions of non-importation of English goods were adopted, we find him presid ing. This course so incensed the crown that, in December, he was removed from his seat in the council. Whether he had previously resigned his seat on the bench the records do not disclose. He afterward threw himself zealously into the revolutionary struggle, and upon the capture of Savannah by the British on Dec. 29, 1779, he was, notwithstanding his years, confined in one of the British

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prison ships, there to suffer the privations and misery considered in those days the proper and natural treatment of defeated rebels.

LAWYERS ALLOWED.
With the establishment of this general court we note the first appearance of lawyers before the colonial courts--probably a necessary corrollary to the ad mitted necessity that a lawyer should preside. The chief justice, a man of West minster, no longer content to rely upon his own views of natural justice, but desirous of hearing both sides through accustomed agencies and upon decided precedents. Who the lawyers were and how they lived and what profit they made, we know not If we consider their fees and the value of official places, no fortunes were piled up by them:
"A retaining fee in any cause, 73. and id. "Every attendance necessary in the courts, is. and sd. "Drawing a declaration, plea, replication, rejoinder, demurrer, joinder in de murrer, or other pleadings, 2s. and lod. "A brief in every cause, 35. and yd." We have here some of the charges laid down by statute in 1773: Pryce, the attorney-general in 1773, found his fees produced him 215. Powell, the judge of the admiralty, got out of his fees only 10 per annum. The two clerks of the crown and courts got from both offices, 613. Altogether we can fairly say that the bar may have got along respectably, but that wealth did not lie in their way. The new order of judicial things under Govs. Reynolds, Ellis, and Wright worked smoothly enough, and between the years 1754 and 1775 but three matters of any importance impeded the regular course of justice and are to be noted as disturbing elements.

WILLIAM GROVJSR.

"

If Jones and Bryan had been left upon the bench without a chief we would not have to record the disgrace of the first chief justice of the colony, Wm. Grover,
who was appointed to that office on April 13, 1759. In 1762 he was suspended from office by Gov. Wright, who in a report to the board of trade and planta tions, Jan. 3, 1763, gave the following reasons for his act:
"I. Although a member of council, Chief Justice Grover, without cause, absented himself from its called meetings, and failed to discharge the duties de volving upon him as one of that important body.
"II. Although a crown servant and in the receipt of a salary of 500, so far
from rendering any assistance in the conduct of public affairs, he constantly mani fested a disposition to oppose and thwart measures conducive to the general good.
"III. In a manner wholly unjustifiable, he sought to influence the delibera tions and opinions of the general assembly.
"IV. His judicial powers were improperly exercised to the disturbance of military discipline and subordination.
"V. He was arbitrary and oppressive in the enforcement of the legal process of his court, and careless of the rights of personal liberty.
"VI. In reporting to the governor the judgments and sentences of the court
of sessions he was utterly negligent "VII. He refused to attend a special court of oyer and terminer ordered for
the trial of vagabond Spaniards who had, near Darien, murdered McKay, his
wife and two negroes.

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"VIII. Toward the governor his behavior was uniformly insubordinate and contumacious.
"IX. In the discharge of his official duties he was partial and not above suspicion."
The charges were fully examined and sustained by the board and Grover was removed from his office by the king in March, 1763. Of him, his life and abilities, and the date of his death we know nothing worthy of record. The most con spicuous facts are that he was chief justice, was removed, and that while he was under suspension published a libel in verse against the governor. The libel was ' found written on the wall of a building near the state house in Savannah, and ran thus:
"From Britain's gay island where liberty reigns, Where Flora and Ceres enliven the plains, Where George still with wisdom and glory defends The blessings which nature profusely extends; Whence comes it dear W----that again thou explores From regions to happy American shores? Carolina, her agent, must surely bemoan, And each vot'ry of Hermes re-echo the groan. Thy fortune expiring he no more can raise. His sons shall no longer thy eloquence praise. Is it ambition courts thee with soft soothing air, Or power, or riches, that make thee repair To climates so sultry? It is not ambition alone does invite, But power and riches both equal delight; For what makes all doctrines most plainly appear, It cannot be less--than a thousand a year. When lordly I stalk a phantom of state, Though mean my appearance, my heart is .elate. Plans of castles I dread, make speeches to F---- G---- Who like----and----are my ready good tools. A council submissive attend on my nod, Or, if fractious they prove, I'll suspend them, by God. Hoc voleo my motto, sic voleo my rule. Now damn you, W--11 G----r, who says I'm a fool?"

This nonsense was thought worthy of an address from the general assembly to Gov. Wright and of a formal answer from him.

ANTHONY STOKES.
A second source of annoyance arose during the incumbency of Grover's suc cessor, Chief Justice Anthony Stokes. This gentleman was an able lawyer and an accomplished man. He came to Savannah from England in 1760, and was made chief justice in 1763. Here at last, and for the first time, Georgia had a man who was both a jurist and honest, upon its bench. For a while no more Causton's, or natural justice, but law firmly and decently administered. But alas! for Savannah and the people and law and decency, the time quickly came when things were bad for the loyal servants of the crown, and mere fitness went for nothing. We will come presently to the administration or non-administration of law during the revolution. Suffice it to say now that Stokes stood by the govern ment and remained in Savannah during these troubled years, doing what in him lay, until the provisional congress of the colony took charge of its courts in 1775. If any law was administered after that time and until the British went away we know not of it. But it is not difficult to believe that Stokes still did the best that he could while his commission was honored. He was arrested in March. 1776, as an act of reprisal for the imprisonment of some American officers, and

MEMOIRS OP GEORGIA.
was released upon parole. The town being in American hands, it may be imagined that the chief justice led no pleasant life until he went away with the other officers of the crown, returning when Savannah again fell into the hands of the British in December, 1778. His only consolation in those dark days must have been in the companionship of the civil officers of the crown, who, with very few excep tions, remained stanch to their government--not chopping or changing with every wind. His house, library and papers were destroyed by fire from bursting shells in 17/9, during the investment of Savannah by the French and Americans. He left for England finally in 1782, and was of that forloin band of men, women and children who were forced to leave the city just before its surrender to the "patriots" in July, 1782, who encamped in misery and privation of all sorts on the sands of the Tybee, dying three and four a day, and whose wretched remnants \vere at last taken away and scattered over the world.
STOKES' TREATISE.
But Stokes got to England, and there published a most excellent treatise on the American colonies in 1783, in which you will find no rancorous word against the successful party. He was an acute observer of people and things, and was of moderate passions; took a very human and philosophical view of the American revolution; believed and printed it, that if the upper house of the general assembly had been distinct from the council, and had been appointed for life with hereditary baronetcies, Georgia would have remained loyal; thought the same thing of the other colonies, and as we have seen men and known them, he may have been right. He wrote much more sense than was usually written in those days, and promised us more--an account of what he had seen in the colonies--"if he is not out of pocket by this work;" but no more appearing, it reasonably will be inferred that the worthy chief justice was out of pocket and so remained, to the great loss of ourselves, and the truth of history--or whatever truth there may be in history--now hidden, as to Georgia, under piles of windy oratory and fine patriotic cant called history.
"CRACKER" IMMIGRATION.
While he \vas chief justice there was a rapid movement of immigration from Virginia and the Carolinas to the middle and western part of Georgia--a tide of colonists not to be desired. Lawless and ungovernable, they oppressed the Indians and were a standing menace to the peace of the colony. For these lawbreakers a bill was brought into the colonial assembly in 1773 to establish circuit courts in-west Georgia--west Georgia being then near Macon and bounded by the Ocmulgee river. But events moved too fast, and in the presence of trouble with England it was dropped, and the general court remained at Savannah. Of these settlers Stokes says:
"CRACKER" CONQUEST.
"Georgia is also subjected to another disagreeable circumstance beyond any other of the thirteen states, which is this: The southern colonies are overrun with a swarm of men from the western parts of Virginia and North Carolina, distin guished by the name of 'crackers.' Many of these people are descended from convicts that were transported from Great Britain to Virginia at different times, and inherit so much profligacy from their ancestors, that they are the most abandoned set of men on earth--few of them having the least sense of religion. When these people are routed in the other provincs they fly to Georgia, where

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257

the winters are mild, and the man who has a rifle, ammunition and a blanket can subsist in that vagrant way which the Indians pursue; for the quantity of deer, wild turkeys, and other game there, affords subsistence; and the country being mostly covered with woods, they have it always in their power to construct tem porary huts and procure fuel. The eastern coast of Georgia, in which they plant rice, is at this time thinly settled on account of the emigration of the loyalists,
and the greatest proportion of the inhabitants are negro slaves; whereas in the western part the inhabitants zre numerous, and daily increase by the accession of the 'crackers' from the other provinces; and it is highly probable that these
people will in time overrun the rice part of the country, as the Tartars in Asia have done by the fruitful cultivated provinces in the southern parts of that country. What induces me the rather to think so is, that during the king's government these 'crackers' were very troublesome in the settlements, by driving off gangsof horses and cattle to Virginia, and committing other enormities; they alsc occasioned frequent disputes with the Indians, whom they robbed and sometimes murdered, the Indians in their turn, according to their custom, murdered the first white man they met, by way of retaliation. To a familiar situation with those 'crackers,' would the disciples of Hume reduce the people of this country, could they succeed in abolishing Christianity, and persuading the world to believe that moral and natural defects are on the same footing. Georgia being bounded by the most northern stream of the river Savannah, it extends greatly in that quarter, forms part of the western boundary of South Carolina, and joins North Carolina. Since the late provisional treaty no other nation but the Indians can
contest with them the right to that large and fertile country which lies between Georgia and the river Mississippi. During the civil war the Americans lost much of that apprehension which they formerly entertained for the Indians, for the
'crackers,' who are destitute of every sense of religion, which might withhold them from acts of perfidy and cruelty, have been discovered to outdo the Indians in bearing hunger and fatigue; and as they lead a savage kind of life, they are equally skilled in the arts of bush fighting, and discovering the enemy by their tracks. These men will naturally settle fast in the western parts of North Carolina and Georgia; and as the Indians dwindle away before them they certainly threaten ruin to the civilized parts of the rice colonies, who have not now a common parent
to call to their assistance." Terrible consequences these in the mind of the chief justice--the civilized Christian coast harried by the uncivilized heathen "cracker'' until Christianity and civilization should be blotted out from Georgia, and the
"cracker" and heathendom left supreme. Another precedent doubtless was when Christian Britain was invaded by the heathen Dane, and the praise of \Yodin and Thor were sung instead of the psalms of David--''cracker conquest" would
be like "Danish conquest," and "cracker anarchy" take the place of any law. But the prophecies of the worthy chief justice have come to naught. No raids and no blood spilled. Instead of the "cracker" heathenizing the coast. Stokes*
"cracker" has himself become civilized, and has bent his unruly pagan neck to
the yoke of the law: some envious persons say, makes the law of the state. If that be true the "cracker conquest" of Georgia may have been accomplished indeed, but not after the precise manner that the chief justice feared.
Putting aside the vaticinations of the chief justice there is a truth absolutely
to be gotten from his statement as to the building up of Georgia, of which toolittle is known. \Ye know of the settlement of Georgia by Oglethorpe and his English, and of the Sal/.burgers up the Savannah river, and of the Puritans from
Dorchester, S. C, and of the Highlanders at Darien. But what of that large portion of the state between the eastern counties and the Ocmulgee river before
11--17

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MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

1770? Stokes says, and there is no reason to doubt that Stokes knew of the fact, that in the forty years succeeding Oglethorpe's arrival that portion of the state
was being settled, not by the overflow of the colonists from the eastern counties, but by the pressure of hardy colonists stealing down, as it were, from the north behind the colonists of Georgia, and between them and the Indians. Thus it was that even before the revolutionary war the middle of Georgia was settled by men who, so far from having any connection with the regular colonists, were entirely independent of their movements and governments, and to a certain extent hostile. Yet another fact we get from the chief justice, or at least what he considered to be a fact, something stated by him which requires very much more consideration and record. He says in his view, that these western pioneers, called "crackers," were the descendants of convicts. He probably knew some instance to verify his assertion, and of those then in the colony and spoken of by him it may have been largely true. It is not possible that Stokes would have stated it without some very clear knowledge of his own. But what he does not mention is that the convicts whose descendants thus came to Georgia were not the ordinary
convicts, so become because of ordinary crime, but political convicts, because of uprising against the crown. In the latter part of the seventeenth century the ordinary convict in England was in most instances punished in England as he had always been. But the man who rose with Monmouth or the Scotch covenanter or the English Jacobite, was punished by transportation to Virginia. We find
Jeffries sending off thousands after the Monmouth rebellion. These were the convicts that were sent to Virginia; and if the Georgia "cracker" is able to establish his descent from such a sort, he has no need to blush, for the. bravest men and the finest women in England were transported as convicts to the plantations. After the war the name "cracker" was applied to all the small farmers who migrated thither from other states and made the bone and sinew of Georgia.

THIRD PERIOD. GEORGIA DURING THE REVOLUTION, 1777-1789.
KKVOLUTIONAKY COURT.
While Anthony Stokes was chief justice a dual administration of the law was set up by the Americans. On Dec. i, 1775, the provincial congress of the colony assumed control of the courts, and a committee of fifteen persons was appointed to hold the quarterly sessions in Savannah, as a court of appeals "to hear and determine between the parties and sanction or prohibit processes according to the circumstances of the case." They did not interfere with the existing organization of the courts, but the chief justice was notified to regard the congressional instructions as law.
AUTHORITY CHALLENGED.
The authority of this appellate court was questioned by the royal attorneygeneral. What else could he do? The colony was still loyal. The provincial congress and its court represented the opinions of only a part of the people-- Gov. Wright still present and the royai government still supreme, at least in

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259

name. But name served little as against resolutions, and the logical attorneygeneral was thereon ordered to leave.

END OF COLONIAL, COURTS.
The machinery so established, it may be presumed, served its purpose after some fashion--purposes more political than judicial, and with many breaks and halts judicial business went lamely on--the provincial congress and council of safety being paramount, and the royal governor having but the name and no actual power; and on April 15, 1876, a temporary constitution for Georgia was adopted and promulgated by the provincial congress, and a copy thereof sent to George Washington. All laws then in force were continued, and it was provided:

CONSTITUTION OF 1776.
"V. That there shall be a chief justice, and two assistant judges, an attorneygeneral, a provost-marshal, and clerk of the court of sessions, appointed by ballot, to serve during the pleasure of the congress. The court of sessions, or oyer and terminer, shall be opened and held on the second Tuesday in June and December, and the former rules and methods of proceeding, as nearly as may be, shall be observed in regard to summoning of juries and all other cases whatsoever."
"XL. All causes, of what nature soever, shall be tried in the supreme court, except as hereinafter mentioned; which court shall consist of the chief justice, and three or more justices residing in the county; in case of the absence of the chief justice, the senior justice on the bench shall act as chief justice, with the clerk of the county, attorney for the state, sheriff, coroner, constable, and the jurors. And in case of the absence of any of the aforementioned officers, the justices to appoint others in their room pro tempore. (And if any plaintiff or defendant in civil causes shall be dissatisfied with the determination of the jury, then, and in that case, they shall be at liberty within three days to enter an appeal from that verdict, and demand a new trial by a special jury, to be nominated as follows, viz.: Each party, plaintiff and defendant, shall choose six, six more names shall be taken indifferently out of a box provided for that purpose, the whole eighteen to be summoned, and their names to be put together into the box, and the first twelve that are drawn out, being present, shall be the special jury to try the cause, and from which there shall be no appeal.")
"XLIV. Captures, both by sea and land, to be tried in the county where such shall be carried in; a special court to be called by the chief justice, or in his absence, by the then senior justice in the said county, upon application of the captors, or claimants, which cause shall be determined within the space of ten days. The mode of proceeding and appeal shall be the same as in the superior courts; unless after the second trial an appeal is made to the continental congress: and the distance of time between the first and second trial shall not exceed four teen days; and all maritime causes to be tried in like manner."
"XLVI. That the courts of conscience (justices' courts--why called courts of conscience no one can tell) be continued as heretofore practiced, and that the jurisdiction thereof be extended to try cases not amounting to more than ten
pounds." "LII. A register of probates shall be appointed by the legislature in every
county, for proving wills and granting letters of administration." "LIII. All civil officers in each county shall be annually elected on the day of
the general election; except justices of the peace, and registers of probates, who shall be appointed by the house of assembly."

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MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

Here will be seen only a continuance under the Georgia congress of the royal courts. No court in the colony anywhere except in Savannah. Elsewhere only justices' courts under bailiffs. Provincial congress was poor and paid its chief justice only 100.
JOHN GLEN.
John Glen was elected chief justice in April, 1776, being the first chief justice of republican election and right. Of his antecedents we know nothing. He had been one of the most active revolutionists, and a member of the council of safety. Evidently an aggressive, commanding man, but what sort of lawyer and judge he was has not come down to us. His judicial duties did not prevent great activity in him in colonial and revolutionary affairs. No records exist of courts held by him as chief justice, nor have we the names of his assistants; but his course, whatever it was, pleased the American party, for on Jan. 10, 1778, after the new constitution of 1777 had been adopted, he was re-elected chief justice, now of the state.
CONSTITUTION OF 1777.
In the constitution adopted Feb. 5, 1777, we find for the first time the basis and lines of our present judicial system--parishes now wiped out and counties made in their places: Chatham, Effingham, Burke, Richmond, Wilkes, Liberty, Gh/nn and Camden--judicial circuits to be of subsequent creation.
In each count}' a superior court was established to be held twice a year--the days of court considered of sufficient importance for a place in the constitution itself.
"All causes of whatever nature shall be tried in the supreme court" must be misprint There was no supreme court, except as hereafter mentioned; "which court shall consist of a chief justice and three or more of the justices residing in the county."
This constitution does not provide how many assistant justices there shall be in each county. As a matter of fact, however, it was so construed that there was elected--while it was in force--but one chief justice for the state, and two or three assistant justices for each county. When the superior court was held the chief justice of the state presided with the county assistants. The counties being few, and the business light, this was easy to be done. It is not difficult to see that from 1777 to 1783, with the whole of the settled portion of the state in war and disorder--first, patriots occupying territory, having persecuted or killed tories, and then tories occupying the same territory, having persecuted or killed patriots --every part in restless movement, and no woman even feeling safe from week to week, the sitting of courts was a very doubtful if not an impossible matter outside of Savannah. We know not even the names of the assistant judges in that time. It is very dubious if any were appointed, and if appointed their offices must have been absolutely nominal. With the exception of Savannah and such desultory judicial proceedings as Chief Justice Stokes may have laboriously kept on foot, we may understand that there were no courts open in Georgia from 1776 to 1783. There was no law except the law of war as administered in the fiercest spirit of a civil struggle. During tliat time, therefore, we need look for no namer- or records except in respect of chief justices.
As we have seen, John Glen, the strong politician, was elected chief justice in 1777. His name frequently appears subsequently in revolutionary transactions, and it is a curious fact, bewildering to one's mind, as to what the real state of the country was: for in August, 1780, after the capture of Savannah by the British, and after the defeat of d'Estaing, and while it may be supposed that the city was

THE BENCH AND BAR OF GEORGIA.

26l

subjugated by the large British force in possession, Chief Justice Glen appeared in town and defied the authorities. What can be the "truth of history" in view of
such a fact? The chief justice of the provincial assembly, whose troops had been
defeated and driven back into the swamps of the river and the woods of the middle counties, and into Richmond and Wilkes counties, going in safety into the chief
town in the military occupation of the army and there braving the lion with
impunity! Savannah may have been under the heel of the enemy, but the heel was very light When Glen died does not appear, but we find him and Geo. Walton practicing law in Savannah in 1787 before Chief Justice Howley, and Glen judge of the eastern circuit in 1798.

WILLIAM STEVENS.
On Jan. 4, 1780, William Stevens was elected chief justice and John Milledge attorney-general. This William Stevens was attorney-general under his chief, John Glen, in 1776, but beyond that fact lie is a name to us and nothing more.

JOHN WERRIAT.
On Aug. 16,1781, when Dr. Nathan Brownsoti was elected governor there was some betterment in judicial affairs. John Werriat as elected chief justice and Samuel Stirks attorney-general. That things looked more promising for the revolutionary party is apparent by the increase of the salary of the chief justice to ^300. John Werriat had been for years a conspicuous figure in Georgia politics. He, too, was a man of very positive convictions and force of character. He was made president of the provincial congress of Georgia in 1779. After the war in 1788 he became president of the convention, which, at Augusta, ratified the Federal constitution, and died ten years afterward at his home in Bryan county full of years and honors.
AEDANUS BURKE.
In August, 1782, Aedanus Burke was elected chief justice to succeed John Werriat, but it is doubtful if he ever took his seat, or even accepted the office. The subsequent course of his life furnishes strong proof that if he ever thought of presiding, it was only a temporary impulse, and that he did not finally consent to serve. He was an Irishman of decided ability and, like most able irishmen, of overflowing wit. Born in Galway in 1743, he was educated at St. Omer's in France for the priesthood. What deflected him from that life has not come down to us, but from the West Indies, whither he had wandered, he came to South Caro lina about 1775. There, or somewhere in his travels, he had become a lawyer, and it is illustrative of his great capacity of some sort that in 1778 we find him on the supreme bench of that state. Like another distinguished Irishman, afterwards chief justice of this state, he probably won his way in South Carolina more by his bonhommie than by profound legal learning, and set the inestimable fashion of good story-telling in a state which has since given us, hand in hand with tra ditions of fire-eating propensities, some of the best judges and wittiest reconteurs in the world. The outside Philistine who has judged South Carolina from its serious side lias been in forlorn ignorance of the generations of mirthful lawyers, whose companionship while living was delightful to each other and to the elect, and whose memories still provoke to laughter. Petigru, McCord and McGrath had their prototype in Burke. Being an Irish-American with a French educa tion, of course he hated F.ngland. That was to be expected. We therefore find

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him naturally an eager revolutionist--so much so that when the British overran South Carolina he, then on the bench, eagerly embraced the excuse and became a soldier. Drifting then into Georgia with the fortunes of the war he was a favorite here, as he had been in South Carolina and, as you will remember by the date, was elected chief justice just before the peace, but as we find him back in South Carolina and upon its bench shortly after the end of the war, the natural presumption must be that he could not bring himself to consent to break off the ties that bound him to South Carolina, and to live permanently south of the Sa vannah river. Subsequently he served in congress from South Carolina, and died in 1802. In his own state his memory has come down fragrant of wit and fun, but the production which brought him most into notice in the world was a pamphlet published by him about the Order of the Cincinnati shortly after its organization, in which he fiercely assailed it. He mercilessly ridiculed the aris tocratic ideas and notions of this society which was considered a self-created no bility in a democratic country, and directed against its members such universal laughter that in haste to hide themselves from the mirth he raised, they hurriedly threw away most of the borrowed feathers with which they had adorned them selves, and made their society the modest and decent republican institution which it now is. Mirabeau afterward translated this skit into French and used portions of it with great effect in his speeches in the national assembly that changed the government of France.
RICHARD HOWLEY.
As we have noted while Burke was elected in 1782 he did not take his seat, for it was not he who held the first courts in Savannah after the re-occupation by the victorious provincials. On Oct. i, 1782, we find the courts opened and its busi ness in full blast under Richard Howley, chief justice of Georgia, with Jos. Clay, \Vm. O'Brien and \Vm. Gibbons, assistant justices. Why Chief Justice Howley has been ignored by historians and no allusion made to him as the first chief justice of- Georgia after the revolutionary war, we cannot understand. But chief justice he was and presided in Savannah with great regularity, and under him the courts and bar were organized. Historians have depicted the circumstances of that day ?.s woeful, and such they must have been. The greater part of the colony occu pied and re-occupied by both sides, business destroyed, plantations broken up and many of the best men on both sides dead or removed away, Chief Justice Howley must have sat in his court with saddened heart. This gentleman had been no inconspicuous figure in colonial affairs. In 1779, when affairs in Georgia were at their worst, d'Estaing defeated and gone away, and little hope of the success of the revolutionary party, Richard Howley, Geo. Walton and others constituted themselves the general assembly of Georgia at Augusta. Wm. Glasscock was its speaker, and it elected Geo. Walton governor of the state; they chose also Geo. Walton as delegate to congress, and selected an executive council. We find, therefore, at the same time, in the state, two executive councils, one under John Werriat, as president of the state, and the other under Geo. Walton, as gov ernor. There was some dissension between them, but the feelings arising from the conflict could not have lasted a very long time, inasmuch as the persons engaged in both executive councils were within a few months afterward acting in perfect accord. Walton remained governor not quite two months, being succeeded in January, 1780, by Howley, who was governor scarcely more than a month, leaving then to take his seat in the continental congress, to which he had been elected. Mr. Howley's career in congress need not be commented upon here. He re mained in congress until he was elected chief justice. Like his other offices, his

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judicial career was short, for upon Jan. 31, 1783, Geo. Walton was elected chief justice and Gov. Howley took his place as a member of the bar, at which he had a large and lucrative practice, until his death in December, 1784. We find his name in all the most important cases immediately following the war. With the election of Richard Howley we get upon safe ground, for now we first have rec ords of judicial proceedings in the state of Georgia, and from that time the minutes of the various courts will show the names of the officers who have filled the seat of justice.
GEORGE WALTOX.
As we have said, Chief Justice Howley was succeeded by George Walton. The career of this governor and chief justice has been written by the able hand of Jones. So much the foremost man in Georgia was Walton that perfunctory no tice of him should not be taken. Here is abundant reason for extracts from Jones' biography:
"Born in Prince Edward county, Ya., in 1749, and becoming an orphan at a tender age, he passed under the care of a guardian who, as the family tradition runs, unwilling to assume the burden of his custody and education, apprenticed him to a carpenter. The industry and fidelity of the lad were commendable, and his desire for intellectual improvement attracted the notice both of employer and companions. Unable during the day to give any attention to his books, and too poor to afford the luxury of a lamp, he read them nightly by the light of fat fagots which he collected and husbanded for the purpose. Intent upon his studies he refrained from those nocturnal sports which too often lead the young and inex perienced into dissipation, idleness and sometimes ruin. By judicious use of his evening hours he made under the circumstances rapid advancement in knowl edge, eagerly perusing all good books which could be borrowed from friends and neighbors. So favorably impressed was the master with the character, intelli gence and ambition of his apprentice that long before his articles were concluded he relieved him from their obligation and permitted him to retain the fruits of his daily industry. Thus young Walton accumulated some money, which enabled him when about twenty years of age to leave Virginia and seek new fortunes in Savannah. Arriving at this little commercial metropolis of the colony of Georgia, he resolved to become a lawyer. Henry Young, Esq.. received him into his office and gave him the benefit of his library and ot his instruction. After suit able preparation he was called to the bar, and at once entered with zeal upon the practice of the profession of his choice. ****** *
"Responding to a public call, a respectable number of the householders and inhabitants of the province assembled at the watchhouse in Savannah on July 27, 1774. After an animated discussion a committee was raised, of which George Walton was a member, to prepare resolutions similar to those adopted by the northern colonies, declarator}' of Georgia's condemnation of the oppressive meas ures inaugurated by parliament. That there might be an expression of opinion from some of the more distant parishes, unrepresented in this convention, the meeting 'stood adjourned' until the tenth of the following August. * * * * *
"On June 21, 1775, a call was published, signed by Xoble Wymberly Jones. Archibald Bulloch, John Houstoun and George Walton, requesting the inhabi tants of the town and district of Savannah to meet at the Liberty pole on the fol lowing day at ten o'clock in the forenoon for the purpose of selecting a committee to bring about a union of Georgia with her sister colonies in the cause of free dom. The alarming situation of affairs in America, and particularly in Georgia. was urged as a reason for punctual and full attendance. At the appointed place and designated hour many were present, and a council of safety, consisting of

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William E\ven, William LeConte, Joseph Clay, Basil Cooper, Samuel Elbert, William Young. Elisha liutler, Edward Telfair, John Glen, George Houstoun, George Walton, Joseph Habersham. Francis H. Harris, John Smith, John Morel and Seth John Cuthbert, was selected, with instructions to maintain an active correspondence with the continental congress, with councils of safety in other province?, and with committees raised in Georgia parishes. This business con cluded, a number of gentlemen who had attended the meeting, dined at Tondee's tavern. * * * * * * * "
Memorable in the political annals of Georgia were the proceedings of this provincial congress, which convened in Savannah on July 4. 1/75. Every parish was represented, and the delegates were fitting txponents of the intelligence, the dominant hopes, and the material interests of the communities from which they respectively came. This was Georgia's first secession convention. It placed the province in active sympathy and confederated alliance with the twelve other American colonies, practically anulled within her limits the operations of the objectionable acts of parliament, questioned the supremacy of the realm, and inaugurated measures calculated to accomplish the independence of the planta tion and its erection into the dignity of a state. In all the political agitations and movements which antedated and led up to this important convocation, George Walton had borne a prominent part. He stood shoulder to shoulder with Archi bald Bulloch. Xoble \\~ymberley Jones. John Houstoun, the brothers Joseph and John Habersham, Jonathan Liryan, Joseph Clay. Edward Telfair, and others who were specially influential in dissipating the power of kingly rule. This congress perfected its organization by electing Archibald Bulloch president and George Walton secretary. While it lies not within the compass of this sketch to enumerate its proceeding-:, we may state in a general way that it proclaimed, in terms most emphatic, a just conception of the natural and constitutional rights which appertained to Georgians as citizens of the colony and subjects of Great Britain: testified determined opposition to the late objectionable acts of parlia ment : expressed admiration for the heroism of Xew England, and a stern resolve to share the fortunes of the sister colonies; appointed delegates to, and mani fested a willingness to observe all orders promulgated by, the continental con gress-: professed unswerving loyalty to the principles of American liberty, and suggested measures deemed appropriate in the present perplexed condition of
public affairs. .Mr. Walton was appointed upon the "committee of intelligence," and was also
named as one of the members to present the "articles of association" then adopted, to the inhabitants of the town and district of Savannah for signature by them. In association with the Rev. Dr. Zubly, Dr. Xoble \\". Jones and William Young, lie was commissioned t<; prepare- and submit to the people of Georgia an address containing an account of the state of American affairs and a narrative of the pro ceedings of this provincial congress. This address, which is said to have been framed by Mr. Walton, is a model of its kind. In defiance of the protest of Gov. Wright. Mr. Walton and his associates of the council of safety thoroughly purged the inilitia of the loyal element which lurked in the ranks of its commissioned officers. IJv a resolution of this provincial congress he was continued as a member of the council of safety, and of that Ixxly IK- was in December, 1775, chosen president, with K'lward Langworthy as secretary. * * *
"Archibald liulloch was elected president of the provincial congress, which assembled in Savannah on Jan. 20, 1876. That sterling patriot, and John Houstoun. Lvman Hall, liullon Gwinnett. and George Walton were then chosen nt delegates to the continental congress." * * *

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With the exception of an interval in 1779, when he filled the gubernatorial
chair of Georgia, Mr. .Walton was continued as a member of the continental congress until October, 1781. In association with Button Gwinnett and Lyman Hall he affixed his signature to the Declaration of Independence. As a member of the treasury board, of the committee on naval affairs, and of other committees, he rendered intelligent and willing service. With Robert Morris and George
Clymer he was commissioned to transact such continental business as might be found necessary to be done in Philadelphia; and George Taylor and himself were appointed commissioners to make presents to, and confer with, the Indians at Easton, Penn. It was upon his motion, in 1780, that the treasury board was empowered to draw bills of exchange, aggregating $100,000 in specie, at ninety days, upon the Hon. Benjamin Franklin, minister plenipotentiary of the United States near the court of Versailles. With Edward Telfair and Edward Langworthy, on July 9, 1778. he signed the articles of confederation, and on Dec. 17 following lie and Dr. Lyman Hail, as special commissioners from Georgia, waited upon Gen. Lincoln at Charleston "to inform him of the true situation of matters in this state, and saw how essentially requisite it was that some vigorous and decisive measures should be taken for its defense against the incursions of its southern neighbors."
When Col. Campbell, late in December, 1778, effected a landing at Girardeau's Bluff and moved upon Savannah, defended by Gen. Robert Howe, George Walton, who then held the rank of colonel of the First battalion of the First regi ment of foot militia, formed for the defense of Georgia, with 100 men, was posted on the south common, on the right of the American line, to guard the road leading to Great Ogeechee ferry. Although informed by Col. Walton that there was a private way through the swamp, by means of which the enemy could pass from the high grounds of Brewton Hill plantation and gain the rear of the American right, and although urged by him to have that route properly observed. Gen. Howe neglected to give the matter any attention. The consequence was that
Sir James Baird, with the light infantry, supported by the Xew York volunteers under Col. Trumbull, conducted by a negro guide, following this unguarded route, gained the rear of the American right, and, falling heavily upon the militia detachment commanded by Col. Walton, dispersed it with great loss. In this shock, Col. Walton, severely wounded in the thigh, fell from his horse and was captured. At the sound of these guns. Col. Campbell, running his field pieces to the front, opened tire upon the brigades of Huger and Elbert and orderd a vigorous charge all along his line. Attacked in front and rear Con. Howe's forces gave way. A retreat was sounded, a panic ensued, and the Americans retreated in a dis orderly manner through Savannah, made their way as best they could to the high ground beyond the Springfield plantation swamp, leaving the town and all it con tained open to the victor. By the musket ball which he received while endeavor ing with his militia to stay the onset of Sir James Baird Col. Walton's thigh was broken. Judge T. U. P. Charlton says that he never recovered from the effect
of this wound but limped to the day of his death. The following letter (the original of which lies before usX penned with a
trembling hand from his couch of pain, and addressed to his young wife, will
be read with interest:
'Savannah, Jan. 4, 1770, n o'clock p. in.
"My Dear Girl: I was very happy to hear just this moment, by a flag, that you were safely arrived in Carolina. It is my earnest desire that you keep with your sister until you hear from me again. Your dear mamma continues still extremely
ill at our house, and I am afraid she cannot long survive.

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"The day you left your brother and myself, my dear Dolly, in the chances of it I received a wound in the thigh. The bone is broke, but cures of this kind are quite common. I have every possible comfort from my conquerors, their hospital surgeons to attend me, with Trail, Irvine, and Brydie. And they tell me that they expect to see me do welL Be therefore of good spirits, and let me not hear by every flag that you are inconsolable, which will only operate to depress mine. At any rate, you ought to recollect that in these troublesome times you have no right to expect a life of superior tranquillity to your neighbors.
"My love to Polly. Brisbane is in town, perfectly well. I suppose he writes by
this flag, though I know nothing about it, having just been apprised of it myself. "God bless you, my dear, and remember that you are sincerely loved by a man
who wishes to make honor and reputation the rule of all his actions. "GEORGE WALTON." * * *

When so recovered from his hurt as to be able to walk Col. Walton was

allowed to proceed to Sunbury, where for sometime he remained a prisoner of war.

In consideration of the fact that he was a member of the continental congress,

I

that he had signed the Declaration of Independence, and that he was a prominent

I

citizen, the British authorities at first demanded in exchange an officer with the

',

rank of brigadier-general. His term of service in the continental congress having

expired he was finally exchanged for a captain in the navy, and proceeded to

Augusta, which was then the capital of republican Georgia.

By the general assembly which convened in that town in Xovember, 1779,

Col. "Walton was elected governor of the infant commonwealth. There were

then two executive councils actually organized and claiming to exercise important.

functions within the limits of the state wasted by a common enemy and rent by

internal feuds. Violent were the collisions of parties, and confused was the ad

ministration of public affairs. Southern Georgia was in the hands of the enemy,

and the republican government of the upper portion of the state was impecunious,

weak and peripatetic. Fortunately little necessity existed for the office either of

legislator or of governor.

Short and uneventful was the gubernatorial career of Mr. Walton in 1779.

By the ensuing general assembly Richard Howley was, on Jan. 4, 1780, elected

governor, and Edward Telfair, George Walton, Benjamin Andrew, Lyman Hall

and William Few were appointed delegates to the continental congress. While

members of and in attendance upon this congress, Messrs. Walton, Few and

Howley apprehended that it was the design of the British ministry to submit

overtures of peace upon the basis of freedom to such portions of America as were

then in possession of the revolutionists and of retention by the crown of such

other parts as were actually held by the king's forces. As Georgia at that time

was largelv under the dominion of the enemy, deeming it tfceir duty promptly and

emphatically to protest against acquiescence by the continental congress in any

such proposition, they prepared and caused to be printed in Philadelphia in Jan

uary. 1781. over their own signatures, a pamphlet entitled Observations Upon the

Effects of Certain Late Political Suggestions by the Delegates of Georgia. Re

ferring to the fact that Georgia had been in great measure reduced by conquest

thev entered a forcible plea against the entertainment of the doctrine of uti possi-

detis, and urged that inasmuch as the inhabitants of that province had united in

the common cause and had expended their blood and fortunes in its support, it

would be unjust and inhuman for the other parts of the Union separately to em

brace the result of the common efforts, and leave them under the yoke of bankrupt

and enraged tyrannv. "To preserve the states entire is the object of the alliance

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with France, and it cannot be the interest of the other great branch of the family compact that we should again make a part of the British empire. Georgia is a material part of the Union, and cannot be given up without affecting its essential interest, if not endangering its existence. * * * As to America, no part of it could expect to be free while England retains both ends of the conti nent" Whatever may have been the effect of this political tract, certain it is that if memorialized on the subject, the continental congress declined to entertain the rumored basis of pacification. ' With the authorship of this manly protest the pen of Mr. Walton is credited.
"In January, 1783, that sterling patriot and worthy gentleman, Dr. Lyman Hall, was chosen governor of Georgia, and on the 3ist of that month the Hon. George Walton was elected to fill the position of chief justice, with Samuel Stirk as attorney-general. *******
"In 1787 Judge Walton was appointed a delegate from the state of Geor gia to the Federal convention charged with revising the articles of confederation, and reporting such alterations and provisions as might be deemed adequate to the emergencies of government and the preservation of the Union. Prevented by judicial engagements, he did not attend. The year previous he had represented Georgia in the preliminary settlement of differences touching the boundary line between that state and South Carolina.
"In 1789 he occupied for a second time the gubernatorial chair. The term of service then lasted for only one year. It was during this administration that Georgia remodeled her constitution. Augusta was still the capital of the state, and it was here that Gov. Walton received from the president of the constitu tional convention the constitution then adopted, affixed the seal of state to it. and proclaimed its provisions for the information of the inhabitants. * * * * *
"In 1795 and 1796 Mr. Walton represented Georgia as a senator in the con gress of the United States. He was a member of the Union society of Savannah, and a trustee of the Richmond academy. As one of the trustees of the university of Georgia he rendered valuable service in formulating plans and adopting meas ures for the promotion of higher education in Georgia.
"For many years and at the time of his death he was judge of the middle cir cuit of this commonwealth. The state was then divided into three judicial districts--the eastern, the middle and the western. The middle circuit embraced the following counties: Screven, Burke, Montgomery, Washington, Warren, Richmond, Columbia and Jefferson. As a judge, few men in this commonwealth ever attained unto and none transcended the reputation acquired and maintained by Mr. Walton."
To this need only be added that Walton was also appointed the first judge of the superior courts of the eastern judicial circuit in 1790, and so remained until the autumn of 1791. He seems to have removed to Augusta shortly afterward. We find him there as judge of the middle circuit from 1799 to 1804, when he died.
WILLIAM STITH.
Chief Justice Walton resigning in the summer of 1786, William Stith was elected chief justice in his place in October of that year. Here we have another name, which is nothing but a name, except so far as the discharge of judicial duties is shown by the records of court, but of Chief Justice Stith there is no other
public record known to us.
JOHN HOUSTOUN.
His term of office was very brief, cause not appearing. John Houstoun suc ceeded him in the same year. This chief justice did not even take his seat upon

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MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

the bench. Had he done so a worthy name would have been added to the active list of Georgias justices. He was an able lawyer, a politician of enlarged views and great experience, governor of the state twice, and always possessing the confidence of its people; came from one of Savannahs oldest families, born in 1/44, dying in 1796, and buried at White Bluff, near Savannah.

HENRY OSBORNE.
In March. 1787, Henry Osborne was elected chief justice in the place of John Houstoun. Little exists in any recorded form of this chief justice. He presided as such for nearly two years from March, 1787, to January, 1789 went to his courts with regularity and seems to have omitted nothing in the due discharge of his functions. Of his career we cannot speak except so far as to note that he was a satisfactory judge. So much we may infer, for we find him again the first superior court judge of the western circuit after the constitution of 17891 presiding with Walton at Savannah, and often sitting alone in the eastern circuit, sat in Savannah down to September, 1791, and then disappearing, the time of his <leath not appearing.
XATHAXIEL PENDLETON.
The career of Xathaniel Pendleton, twelfth and last chief justice of Georgia before the last organization of a supreme court, is much more varied and inter esting than those of his predecessors. He came of a sound stock that family of Virginia Pendletons which has furnished so much brains to the United States, both before and after him, his uncle being the eloquent Pendleton of revolutionary fame, and the rival of Patrick Henry; and his grandson George H. Pendleton of Ohio, for a long time the favorite aspirant for the national presidency in the minds of democrats, when democrats could not elect presidents of the United States. Judge Pendleton was born in Virginia in 1756, and entered the revolu tionary army in 1775, serving on the staff of Gen. Nathaniel Greene; doing doughty service at all times, and especially at Eutaw, for which last exhibition of gallantry congress thanked him. The war over he came to Georgia as we now send our sons to western territories studied law, and practiced in Savannah. His abilities were nothing extraordinary, but sufficient to make him first the attorney-general of the state, and then chief justice in January, 1789, so remaining until his office was abolished by the constitution of that year. In 1787 he had represented the state in the national convention which adopted the Federal constitution; and it was in that way that his good qualities so commended him to Gen. Washington that he suggested Pendleton to his own advisers for the national office of secretary of state. But the name did not please Alexander Hamilton. Too much Virginia too much of Jefferson and Madison, and not enough of Hamilton and New York, objected Hamilton. So the appointment was not made, and thus through Hamilton. Pendleton was not secretary of state. Afterward Pendleton became district judge of the United States at Savannah, but did not remain long in Georgia. Was carried by ambition and love in 1796 to New York, where he took a high place at the bar. Hamilton living in the same place at the same time got to know Pendleton better, who was magnanimous enough to forgive him for defeating him with Washington, and even went farther in generosity so far as to volunteer his services as his second on that fatal day when he fell before Burrs bullet. As to Pendleton. it is recorded that he then went on the supreme

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bench of New York for Dutchess county, and died in that state in 1821. And there, in New York, he was buried--the last chief justice of Georgia before 1847.

END OP THIRD PERIOD,
We have now passed through the courts of the revolution, and their continu ance under the constitution of 1777. We have seen the royal chief justice, Grover, removed, and the faithful Stokes departing; Chief Justices Glen, Steph ens, Werriat and Burke holding the name, and nothing more, while the war prevailed; the reorganization of the courts by Richard Howley, and the vigorous administration of justice by Walton, Stith, Osborne and Pendleton--Burke and Houstoun never sitting--twelve chief justices of Georgia, all told, before chief justices were abolished--mostly men of mark and substance. Let it always be remembered that within that time there was but one circuit in the whole of Georgia, all counties being in that circuit; and that the chief justice of the state was then presiding judge in every county of the state.
Feeling our way thus painfully, but with knowledge somewhat exact, consider ing all circumstances, through the dimness and obscurity of colonial judicial birth; of judges trying to work justice in revolutionary times when there could scarcely be said to be any other law than that of might; and through the reorganization of courts by the new state of Georgia; we have at last landed upon that peaceful shore which is almost without history because it was without event, when under the constitution of 1789 and the judiciary act of that year, chief justices were no more in Georgia, and when superior courts were created. We have thus left the dim, mysterious and inaudible voices of our ancient judges--visible to us only by their acts; and have come to the days when reports of the courts have made their judgments articulate.
EARLY BAR.
Looking to the bar of the state we come upon names that commence to be familiar to us, having met them before in Georgia affairs, and by tradition. Rich ard Howley, during his short career before the bench of which he had been chief justice, had the largest business. With him we find Samuel Stark, William Gib bons, James Whitfield, Abraham Jackson, Nathaniel Pendleton, Matthew Hall McAllister and William Stephens.

FOURTH PERIOD. GEORGIA AFTER THE REVOLUTION, 1789-1796.
We are now at the time when chief justices were ended for a while, and superior court judges sat in their places. This was accomplished by a convention which sat in Augusta in the summer of 1789, and made a new constitution to take effect Oct. 9 thereafter; and by the new judiciary act of 1789, putting the new constitution into effect.
By that constitution it was provided: "A superior court shall be held in each county twice in every year, in which shall be tried and brought to final decision all causes, civil and criminal; except such as may be subject to a Federal court, and such as may by law be referred to inferior jurisdiction.

2"JO

MBMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

"The general assembly shall point out the mode of correcting errors and appeals, which shall extend as far as to empower the judges to direct a new trial by jury within the count}' where the action originated, which shall be final."
"Courts-merchant shall be held as heretofore, subject to such regulations as the general assembly may by law direct
''The judges of the superior court, and attorney-general, shall have a com petent salary established by law, which shall not be increased or diminished during their continuance in office; and shall hold their commissions during the term of three years.
"All elections shall be by ballot, and the house of representatives, in all appoint
ments of state officers, shall vote for three persons, and a list of the three persons having the highest number of votes shall be signed by the speaker and sent to the senate, which shall, from such list, determine, by a majority of their votes, the officer elected, except militia officers and the secretaries of the governor; who shall be appointed by the governor alone, under such regulations and restric tions as the general assembly may prescribe. The general assembly may vest the appointment of inferior officers in the governor, the courts of justice, or in such
other manner as they may by law establish."

JUDICIARY ACT OP 1789.
The general assembly, which met in the fall of 1789, passed the well known judiciary act which has been ever since the framework of the judiciary system of the state. By it the assembly arranged: That from and immediately after the passing of this act, two fit and proper persons, duly qualified, shall be elected judges of the superior court, which judges shall have precedence according to the time of their election; that the judges of the said superior court, or any one of them, shall hold the said courts in each county twice in every year, at the respective times, and in manner following, that is to say, commencing in Camden and Washington, on the first Monday in January next, the Monday after in Glynn and Greene, the Monday after in Liberty and Franklin, the Monday after in Chatham and Wilkes, the second Monday after in Effingham and Richmond, and the Monday after in the county of Burke, and that the counties from Burke to Camden, inclusive, be the eastern district, and the remaining counties the western district; and the second term shall commence on the first Monday in July next thereafter in Camden and Washington, and be continued throughout each district in the same rotation as directed in respect to the fifth circuit; that the said superior court shall have full power and authority to exercise jurisdic tion in and to hear and determine, by a jury of twelve men, all pleas, civil and criminal; and all causes of what nature or kind soever, according to the usage and custom of courts of law and equity (except such as are hereby referred to inferior jurisdiction), on the days and times hereinbefore mentioned; and shall consist of at least one or more judge or judges; that the judges of the said superior courts shall be, and they are hereby vested, with full powers to regulate the proceedings in said courts; and to make and establish all necessary rules for the orderly conducting of business therein, according to law, and the usage of courts, and shall have power to impose and administer all necessary oaths or affirmation, and to punish, by usual fine or imprisonment, at the discretion of the judge or judges presiding, all contempts of authority in any cause or hearing before the said court.
And it was further enacted that no person should be allowed to practice or

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plead in any of the superior or inferior courts, until examined in open court and admitted by one or more of the judges of the superior court.

SUPERIOR COURTS.
Here we find the beginning of the circuit system of our state; two circuits, eastern and western, and but two judges, with power to hold court in any one of the counties, together and separately. And so they considered the act, because we see Judges Osborne and Walton sitting together in Richmond county as early "as Jan. i, 1790, and after that time either judge sitting in either county, or both together.
Rules were to be made by them and rules they made, the first rules governing the superior courts of this state made in Richmond superior court on Jan. i, 1790, by Walton and Osborne, judges, and on Jan. 18, 1790, by the same judges in Chatham county, as the diligent student may still find in the records of the superior courts of those counties. No more chief justices until a supreme court was established by another authority in 1845.
This method of administration of justice in the little state worked smoothly enough for the time being, there being no appeals or writs of errors to any other court, and the two judges making final decisions in all causes before them, being the courts, having all judicial power.

MIDDLE CIRCUIT CREATED.
No other court or body had appellate jurisdiction of any nature over the two judges of the two circuits until 1797. Then the middle circuit was made out of the counties of Burke, Screven, Montgomery, Washington, Jefferson, Warren, Richmond and Columbia, and three judges were demanded. It was provided that they should preside in each circuit alternately so that no two terms should be held by the same judge in the same circuit successively.

APPELLATE PROCEEDINGS.
Something appellate was also arranged in this form: That the judges, attorney-general and solicitor shall meet annually at Louisville on July 10, for the purpose of forming rules for the government of the superior court, determining on such points of law as may be reserved for the argument, and may require a uniform decision, and for giving their decisions on such constitutional and legal points as may be referred to their consideration by the executive department. Provided always that nothing herein contained shall extend to or be construed to authorize the judges to enter upon any proceeding which may affect any cause in its progress to final decision agreeably to the con stitution in the county wherein the defendant or defendants reside; nor shall any order or decision of the said judges be promulgated or tend to preclude the ad mission of any new evidence which may arise in the progress of any cause prior to the final decision and entering upon judgment thereon in such county; very feeble appellate power this, but something at least toward uniformity and com parison of thought.
SUPERIOR COURT JUDGES.
Before 1797 the superior court judges of Georgia who held the whole judicial power since chief justices ceased can easily be named. First came George

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MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

Walton. always justly in some office or other and much sought after in all affairs of the state, judge from the beginning of 1790 to the end of 1793. With him for a short time only was Henry Osborne until 1791. The latter leaving the
bench finally in that year, his place was filled by Ex-Chief Justice Houstoun, will ing to sit again as Ex-Chief Justice Walton was doing, and Osborne had done, and judge until 1796. William Stith followed Walton in 1793 and was again
succeeded by Walton in the same year, the reasons for these changes not appear ing. We find both Walton and Houstoun out, and William Stephens and William Few in their places in 1796, the year before the middle circuit was created.
From 1797 their names are all known and printed, and we have given, them to the inquisitive reader in another place.*

SUPERIOR COURT DATS.
The judicial history and methods of Georgia are matters of no note from 1797 until the establishment of a supreme court. The years intervening between 1797 and 1846 witnessed the peaceful growth and steady progress of the state from the feebleness of a colony into the power of a full-grown commonwealth. They saw the judicial territory gradually expanded from two circuits into eleven. The Ocmulgee circuit was created in 1813, the southern circuit in 1819, the northern and Flint circuits in 1822, the Chattahoochee in 1826, the Cherokee circuit in 1832. the Coweta in 1833, and the southwestern circuit in 1840, each marking development and progress. They witnessed the quiet submission of a large popu lation to a system of judicial decisions without the possibility of review, except in Federal matters--a system which would now be rejected by a civilized people as impossible, because of the premium thus held out for the arbitrary exercise of power. And yet no discontent arose nor is there a trace of bitterness that has come down to us. On its face it speaks most highly for the characters of judges and people of that day, that, under conditions which we would now regard as intolerable, there was no revolt of bar or suitors, no proposed impeachment, no heated controversies. Nothing happened of any sort indicating criticism of judicial methods until, without agitation or noise, the state came to see that no judge ought to be entrusted with arbitrary power without hazard of review, and out of that thought established a supreme court.

NO SUPREME COURT.
It would be an interesting inquiry to go into this subject of the contentment of the people of Georgia with the exercise of judicial authority by a single judge. Doubtless Walton and Houstoun and a few successors had made such lodgement in the public confidence that their decisions were abided by without question, but, as will be seen by examination of the list of judges, their successors, with some exception?, were men of no especial note, and with names that did not universally commend them to implicit obedience. Most likely the men who exercised the voting powers of the state were not informed in such matters, or imbued with any perception of the benefits t<j be derived from careful revising tribunals. Possibly again, one or two generations were required to pass away before the new men could naturally free their minds from the trammels of the old colonial methods, which involved the exercise of the same judicial power by one man. Jlut, whether it was from liabit or ignorance, the fact remains that Georgia woke very slowly from the sleep which followed the revolutionary struggle, during which
*See appendix for list of judges.

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time we can well fancy that many sorts of laws were administered in the various circuits. The evils of the system are well set forth in a message from Gov. Forsyth
to the legislature of 1828: "The condition of the judiciary requires your most serious attention. Under
the present arrangement of eight judges of the superior courts, each confined to the circuit for which he was elected, supreme in his authority, not bound by the decisions of his predecessors or contemporaries, and not always by his o\vnfc which will be in their turn disregarded by his successor, there can be neither uni. lormity nor certainty in the laws for the security of the rights of persons or property. It is an awful reflection that property, life, liberty and reputation are with us dependent upon the decision of a single judge, uncontrolled and uncon trollable within his circuit, and not always distinguished for ability, intelligence and integrity. The confusion produced by contemporary contradictory decisions every day increases; property is held and recovered in one part of the state, and lost in another part of the state, under the same circumstances, rights are asserted and maintained in one circuit and denied in another in analogous cases.
"So much depends upon the opinion of a presiding judge that suits are matters of speculation and management. The most astute lawyer, scrupulously con scientious in the advice given to his clients on cases submitted to him, can only inform them what will be the result if actions are brought and decided during the term of the then presiding judge. Suits are brought or postponed, pressed to trial, suspended or delayed by the parties, according to the known or supposed opinion of the presiding judge and the nearness and remoteness of the time when a new election of judges must occur. We have all the complicated judicial ma chinery for the correction of erroneous judgments. Appeals, writs of error, motions for new trial and in arrest of judgment are used as if in mockery, since the appeals are tried, the writs determined, the motions decided by the same judge whose erroneous judgment is to be corrected, arrested or set aside.
"All the delays of the English system are permitted, but time only is gained or lost, unless, indeed, the presiding judge has a mind of extraordinary vigor and magnanimity capable of discovering and prompt to confer its errors, or death or a new election removes him from his place. The destruction of this judicial octarchy by the substitution of a single supreme judge, whose decision should govern in all circuits, would be an important improvement. It is not necessary to vest such tremendous power in the hands of one individual. The object to be accomplished can be attained by less dangerous means. The most simple and cbvious remedy is the establishment of a court for the correction of errors, etc. This remedy cannot, in my judgment, be applied without a change in the consti tution, which requires that 'errors shall be corrected and new trials determined in the superior court of the county in which the action originated: Under this clause of the constitution, however, conventions of the judges have been re quired, and in these properly regulated, a palliative may be found for the existing disorders, until a radical cure can be effected by an alteration of the constitution."

CIRCUIT RIDING.
Still, subject to this difficulty, this part of the judicial life of Georgia is that which is to-day more full of interest than any other. The best lawyers lived of course in the larger towns, and traveled the circuit with the judge as do the bar risters of England. While they accepted retainers in other circuits, as a rule, they adhered to their own circuits. There being no railroads Jthey rode together to the county towns, and there stayed until court was over. They slept together,
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and ate together, walked together and joked together. No one was free from their jests and pranks, not even the judge himself. Time and space are not given for the recording of the riding of these circuits--they would fill many vol umes--and even now the oldest Georgia lawyer looks back with a laugh and a sigh to those merry days of his legal life. Obliged to argue cases in all their various phases without assistance of libraries on the spot, one might have sup posed that the Georgia lawyer of 1820 was of inferior learning because his argu ment did not smell of the lamp of the night before, and because the table before hirn was not burdened with calf bound volumes. But such was not the case. The library of the lawyer of those days was very small in comparison with the libraries of tin's book-producing age. It consisted mainly of Coke and Blackstone and Fearne, and a few others of the older writers, together with the com mon law, equity, and exchequer reports of England, and the supreme court reports of the United States. Some of them also had such reports of the eastern states as were then being given. But what they had they knew. They had to use their knowledge on the instant, and without reference to digests. A point being sprung, they must know the law and the cases, or the readiest or most .logical rr.an would go down before his well-equipped adversary. There was no time then to search through encyclopaedias of law, and to hand in briefs the next week. The student of law studied his profession laboriously, and while he was at home did not cease to study and review the cases. When Berrien or .Law or Tom Cobb or Andrew J. Miller arose, the adversary who was superficial had a bad quarter < -f an hour. Thus there were great lawyers in Georgia in those days, as good, I fancy, as have ever been since with all our libraries and all our digests. The experiences of the lawyers on their circuits were often very amusing. The court houses being located often in country villages, and not seldom in spots that could not have been dignified with the name of village even, their fare was quite precarious; and often in the matter of decent cleanliness, taverns, where they boarded on circuits, required education. Judge Andrews says:
"Most inn-keepers, after a few circuits, learned to have water, clean sheets and scalded bedsteads at the beginning of every court, and clean towels in the rooms every morning; though I heard of a case in the Cherokee circuit, not many years since, where a landlady, in the process of learning, declared that 'these lawyers must be a dirty set of fellows, as they will not use the same water and towels after each other, for I can wash my four children in the same water and wipe them with the same towel, and God knows they are dirty enough.''' But, take it all in all, the old Georgia lawyer looks back upon these days as the school boy does upon his spent vacation. Let us see who some of those old lawyers were.
JOHX M'PHERSON BERRIEN.
John McPherson Berrien, who was judge of the eastern circuit in 1810, was Lorn on Aug. 23, 1781, in New Jersey, the son of Maj. John Berrien, a revolu tionary patriot. His birth occurred in the house formerly occupied by Gen. Washington, whence he sent his farewell address to his army. It so happened to Judge Berrien that not only the place of his birth and his father's position, but all the circumstances of his ancestry were such as to create that aristocratic feeling \vhich never left him. When the edict of Nantes was revoked in 1685 his ances tors, being Huguenots, fled from France, and sought shelter in Holland. They came from that country to this, and settled in New Jersey, where his grand father, John Berrien, became judge of the supreme court of that state. His father was not only an officer in the revolutionary war, but one of distinction. Georgia can justly claim as her son the distinguished subject of this sketch, as

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his father removed to this state while he was little more than a baby. The educa tion of the son was most carefully directed both in New York and in New Jersey. It is said of him that he was always the brightest pupil in his school, and easily at the head of every class. He graduated at Princeton at the early age of fifteen years, and read law in the office of the Hon. Joseph Clay in Savannah, and was admitted to the bar in 1799 before he reached his nineteenth year. He immediately began the practice of his chosen profession, and from the outset was marked, and gave strong promise of the eloquence which he later attained. Precocious in marriage as he had been in education, he took his first wife at twenty-two years of age. He was elected solicitor-general in 1809 and the next year became judge of the eastern circuit, which office he held until 1821. While on the bench he delivered before the convention of all the judges at Augusta his opinion as to the unconstitutionality of the "alleviating law." In this judgment he was enabled to display the firmness of conviction which always subsequently guided his actions. In the war of 1812 Judge Berrien was elected to the command of a regiment of cavalry watching the British from St Simon's island. No oppor tunity, however, for an engagement offered itself, and the war closed without an occasion for'the usefulness of his military ardor. Nevertheless, as an officer he was entitled to credit for all proper energy and military zeal
Senator from Georgia.--He was elected to the legislature in 1822, and was chairman of the judiciary committee, in which capacity he introduced the reso lution under which Schley's Digest of Laws was authorized. His reputation was so much increased by his handling of his committee that he wa's elected to the United States senate, and took his seat as a member of that body March 4, 1825. He was then in the forty-fourth year of his age, and made a most favor able impression in the senate at once by his acuteness and thoughtful attention to all matters of importance, and his eloquence charmed those who heard him. He was so very youthful in appearance that Chief Justice Marshall styled him "the honey-tongued Georgia youth." Much has been written and said of the eloquence of Judge Berrien, and when it is remembered that there were many eloquent men among the statesmen of that day, his high position among them cannot be overrated. His style and language were so beautiful, his voice so musical, and his manner so graceful, that he was called the American Cicero.
Attorney-General.--On the election of Gen. Jackson to the presidency he ten dered the office of attorney-general to Judge Berrien, who resigned his seat in the senate and entered the cabinet in 1829. This cabinet was dissolved in 1831 by the resignation of the greater part of its members on account of the famous Eaton difficulty.
Dissolution of Jackson's Cabinet.--The cause of its dissolution was absurd enough to have been translated into opera bouffe. Maj. Eaton, the secretary of war, was the possessor of a wife, well known in her youth in Washington, where her father kept a tavern. Things were said of lively Peg O'Neal--true or not-- but such things as ordinarily exclude a lady from social life. Even re-baptism by marriage with the president's senatorial friend could not wash her reputation clean, therefore society rebelled, and left her out. To the president the matter went, probably represented by Peg in tears. He had known her as a girl at the tavern. Her husband was his friend. Enough, and more than enough. Of course society falsified, and with many "by the eternals!" the thing must be made straight, and society must welcome her. But society, president or not, was will ful. President got to roaring. Dutch minister's wife would not sit by Peg, indeed! Would send Dutch minister home, but for reasons. Our own faithful niece, presiding in the White House, will not call. Go home to Tennessee then;

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a: id home she went. Cabinet ministers' ladies must call. Ministers replied that they did not interfere in such matters, and that he could not regulate their domes tic affairs. All his raging and roaring could effect nothing against the female edict; but the cabinet resigned at his request Excellent business this for the president of the United States, provocative of Homeric laughter in foreign diplo matic circles! But with all his folly, and raging, and childish violence there were
qualities in Jackson of such a high order as few men ever have. Senator Again.--The next nine years Judge Berrien passed in the practice of
his profession, but was again elected to the senate in 1841, and re-electd in 1847. An instance of his firmness of will can be found in his refusal to obey the resolu tion of the legislature of 1841 instructing him to reverse his vote on certain ques tions. This was followed by a vote of want of confidence, which he answered by a conclusive address to the people and the people sustained him. Resigning again in 1852 he retired permanently from public life and died in 1856.
Character.--Among the great lawyers of Georgia it is likely that most men would give the first place to Judge Berrien. Politician as he was, he never per mitted his political life to oust his legal studies. At all times he combined extra ordinary labor in his profession with whatever were the duties undertaken in the public sen-ice. Most men think of him as senator or statesman, but those who
know him best remember him as the consummate lawyer. There are still living
many who can recall his personal appearance before the court; tall, stately and handsome, he was the beau ideal of the barrister. Perhaps from nature, or more probably from association, his manners, extremely refined and polished, were as decidedly reserved, and had none of the geniality usually found in the men of his
day. And when he wished to be cold the iceberg could be no colder. An old lawyer tells of an encounter between him and a young man who thought highly
of himself, and, coming from Charleston, had panted for a trial against Berrien. At last he was gratified and had a case. Opening his argument at a table covered with books, he observed that Judge Berrien was constantly gazing at the ceiling with a wicked, sneering smile, while he twirled his eye glasses. At last Mr. C. was
lashed into fun" by the perpetual smile, and shouted to the court: "The gentleman may smile at me, but before I am done he will not smile at my law." At once Berrien arose to his full height, and said in his stateliest manner and most sonor ous tones, laying his hand on his heart: "On my soul, may it please the court, I was neither thinking of the gentleman nor his laah." (He pronounced it nither.)

WILLIAM HARRIS CRAWFORD.
William Harris Crawford has been mentioned as one of Georgia's greatest lawyers, but not with perfect appropriateness. He was a great man, but his great ness found its work in statesmanship, and not in law. He practiced only six years in his whole life, from 1799 to 1806; and the six years of judicial life passed by him as judge of the superior court, from 1827 to 1834, can scarcely be counted as years of acquisition. Born in 1771 and dying in 1834, he passed nearly his whole life in Federal office after reaching manhood, and in this sketch of Georgia lawyers there is little place for him. Judge Garnett Andrews knew him well, and here is what lie says of him as judge: "When he came on the bench he was so impaired, mentally and physically, by bad health, that he was but the wreck of what he had been, so much so that I doubt doing justice to the memory of so great a man whom I never knew in his prime. He was the largest man I ever ea\v to be so well proportioned, and his face and head indicated a brain of the 'highest order, as it no doubt was. when in full health. His greatness was mani-

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fested, not only by his talents, but by his stoicism (I know not what else to call it) by an indifference to all ostentation, and a disregard of mere effect He never did anything with a view as to what might be said or thought of it. He was entirely above all the weakness, vanity, envy and such like contemptible passions, except prejudice, which the rest of mankind are more or less heir to. If he made a speech he thought nothing of the manner of delivery; if he wrote he thought nothing of the style, save to express his ideas clearly. He cared nothing to please, if he could convince. So, in society, he cared nothing for its conventionalities, not because he felt above or below them, but because he was so concerned about the practical, that he cared not to think of such matters; and after I knew him he carried it to such an extent that he seemed to be wanting, sometimes, in delicacy. I say seemed, for he never designed to hurt the feelings of anyone, but taking it for granted that all were as practical as himself, it did not occur to him that the sensibilities of others would suffer by the truth. To a lawyer who had repeated his argument until the judge had become bored, he impatiently exclaimed: 'Mr. C, you go round, and round, and round like a blind horse in a gin.' Clark and the Clark party having been his life-long political opponents, he never spared them, thinking that thereby he was honestly doing God and the country service, not understanding how delicacy should stand in the .way of such a laudable object. Once, at Lincoln court, a witness was sworn whose evidence was the subject of not very complimentary remarks at the dinner-table, where two Clark men were pres ent. Upon someone saying that the witness was an old Clark man, the judge replied: 'I thought so, I thought so.' George A. Young, now of Mississippi, as remarkable for his refinement, consideration and delicacy as the judge was for the want of them, said, to shield the two at the table: 'There were some very good and clever Clark men,' when the judge promptly replied: 'Mighty few, mighty few, mighty few.' Holding a two weeks' session of Wilkes court, he remained at his tavern on Sunday without going to church. At dinner his landlady, chiding him for it, said: 'Mr. H. had preached a "mighty good sermon,"' when the judge replied: 'Mrs. A., I presume you are like my mother, who would go to church and hear the veriest jackass preach and say, a mighty good sermon, a mighty good
sermon.'"
JOHN PORSYTH.
Much of what has been said of Crawford is equally true of another great Georgian, John Forsyth. Lawyer he was by profession, and little more of the lawyer he was. Admitted to the bar in 1802 and going to congress in 1811, from that day he was all statesman and no lawyer, to his death in 1841. His life has been written and anyone can read it. Orator, politician and statesman, he was an ornament to his state, of whom the state was justly proud. But he was no jurist, and we will pass to less aspiring men of much humbler fame.

JOHN M. DOOLT.
John M. Dooly's name is associated with the most humorous traditions of the bar of Georgia. Solicitor-general of the western circuit in 1802, and judge in 1816, his wit has made him famous. Says a contemporary. "When I first knew this extraordinary man he was in the prime of life, and I shall never forget the impression which his person made upon me. He had a large head, with a bold, elevated forehead, heavy eyebrows, prominent nose, small, compressed mouth, large, vivid, sparkling eyes, with long lashes, which, frequently opening and shut ting, gave his countenance an expression as if under the influence of an electric

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batter)-, from which the beholder at first sight was almost sure to recoil. His peculiarity of voice, which was sharp and discordant, was well calculated of itself to get up attention from all within its reach. But there was a point, a special felicity of expression, in all he said, marked with a conciseness which showed
him at once to advantage, and which silenced all other tongues when he spoke. The learned and the ignorant, the old and the young, all felt his power to please, and did him honor. It was his wit and sarcasm which gave him such power to please and to hurt I never knew his equal in either, yet the very subject of his wit, from the happy manner in which it was played off upon him by the judge, was generally the first to join in the hearty laugh which it produced."
Another mirth-loving lawyer writes: "Like Charles II., Dooly could not only
say good things to set off his bad deeds, but what was more fortunate, could say them of the deeds themselves, and always thus gild the pills of impropriety which he administered to the public. When up almost all night trying Holderness, the sheriff voluntarily placed a small pitcher on his bench, half filled with toddy (the pitcher--not the bench--the bench was dry) and when it was finished he told that officer to 'bring some more water out of the same well.' When he went to Buck Walker's faro table and broke the bank during Wilkes court, after having elo quently charged the grand jury against the vice and crime of gaming, he excused himself by saying, that 'finding he could not suppress it by the juries, he had to take that method to do it himself.' When at the bar Col. Dick Long got the better of him in a stick fight, he told the former that he 'need not be so proud of the victory, for it was no such great thing, as he had fought through six states and had never yet found any one he could whip.' When Mr. Tait, with a wooden leg, challenged him, his reply was that he 'could hot fight Mr. Tait, as they would
not be on an equality unless he, Dooly, could be permitted to put one leg in a beegum,' and on being told that he would be published as a coward, said he 'preferred filling two newspapers to one coffin.'" But these samples suffice--
a good judge and a man of infinite jest

ANDREW J. MILLER.
Andrew J. Miller was a specimen of the best of Georgia lawyers. He was born in 1806 and had too large a practice in Augusta and the eastern counties to accept judicial office at any time. He was easily the head of the bar of his day, and to his cool, clear mind his own professional brethren looked with perfect confidence. He was not selfish in his life, but gave himself and his abilities zealously to the state in its legislature for eighteen years. Probably, almost cer tainly, if he had lived he would have served in more conspicuous office as the time drew nigh when he could feel that he was entitled to the repose of a veteran of the bar, but death at fifty robbed the state of a great jurist and of a wise man of affairs.
PETER CONE.
In this account Judge Peter Cone cannot be omitted. "The most agreeable circuit companion I ever knew," said a contemporary, "besides being one of the ablest, if not the ablest, lawyers in the state. He had wit and inexhaustible humor that made his society on the circuit always agreeable. He once represented his county in the state senate, when he had several acts passed that were worth more than all the others of the session, and which will, no doubt, stand their ground almost without amendment, as long as Georgia shall have statutes. In the senate, as at the bar, his humor and wit enlivened very much that sedate body. Tlie

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following is an instance of his capacity to make amusement out of anything and everything: When one of the candidates for doorkeeper came to his room, can vassing for his vote, the judge asked 'if he had ever kept a door;? being answered in the negative, he next asked the aspirant for portal honors if he had 'ever seen a door kept,' and receiving the same answer, he asked the seeker of votes if he had 'ever read a treatise on door-keeping,' and the answer disclosing that he had never gone through such a preparatory course, to learn the mysterious art of door-keeping, the judge told him that he was unfit for such a responsible and difficult office, but if he would get the proper books and study the art hon estly and diligently for twelve months he should have his vote next year."

WILLIAM H. UNDERWOOD.
But more marked and extraordinary in his humor and wit than even Cone or Dooly was William H. Underwood, at one time judge of the western circuit. His name was famous from the mountains to the seacoast for the humor, the odd expressions, the fantastic manner in which he expressed himself about every thing that came before him. We suppose that a volume could be written filled with the amusing sayings of Judge Underwood. Unfortunately, like most of the good things of the Georgia bar, they were unwritten, and will die with the lives of the men who heard them or to whom they were told. Judge Garnett Andrews has rescued a few of Judge Underwood's jests from oblivion, and no apology need be made for giving them in his words: "I found him at the bar when I was admitted, rugged in appearance as was his mind. He had an un-lawyerlike look, stammered or rather spoke with difficulty, but he had that all-import ant element of a lawyer--an ability to see the strong points of a case, as well as a searching discrimination, which could always see the true difference between things not the same, however much like they might appear to some. He was then esteemed a humorist rather than a wit. Before he died he was an eloquent advocate, as well as a profound lawyer, and decidedly the greatest wit of his day in the state. The convictions of his conclusions, whether as lawyer or poli tician, were painfully intense, so much so, that he was nearly his whole life on the weak side in the latter. He was held by his logic with a cord so strong that he was obliged to follow, let it lead where it might. He not only grew in knowledge and eloquence, but in wit--which of all gifts is thought to be the most inde pendent of cultivation--so that in the latter years of his life he was even superior to Dooly in this captivating quality of the mind. He had a slow and distinct utter ance of every word and syllable that gave a raciness to all he said. Of many good things said by him I can recollect but few. The first and about the beginning of his reputation for wit was at Oglethorpe court, when the solicitor and his imme diate predecessor were disputing over that old bone of contention, the costs made by the latter and collected by the former, from fines imposed during his term. The incumbent, after a long and heated argument, closed by saying he was 'not very fastidious about it no how,' when Underwood promptly replied: 'I now understand the derivation of the misunderstood word, fas-tid-i-ous, which I now learn means, to hold fast and for a long te-di-ous time.' Arguing with the usual fervor of his convictions, before a judge reputed to have been very arbi trary, he was arrested, with Blackstone in hand, by his honor announcing he 'decided against him and did not wish to hear any more law or argument.' Under wood answered: 'By no means do I wish to read law with any expectation of convincing your honor, but only to show what a great fool Blackstone was/
"Gold had been discovered in the Cherokee country in fabulous quantities, it was believed. The lands were to be disposed of by lottery, and everybody entitled

MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

to dra\v looked on the Indian attorney as one who delayed their possession of a

fortune. He was in consequence in danger of lynch law, then being inaugurated

to the great disgrace of the country. The Indians refusing to sell their lands,

Georgia had extended her laws over the whole of their territory, at which the

indignation of Judge Underwood was lofty and in its furiousness, to some, amus

ing. Living near the Alabama line, he practiced in some of the courts of that

state, and on occasion he was taunted by a young 'squirt' of the profession with

'not understanding what was law in Alabama, that the law of the gentleman from

Georgia might do for that state, but he'would inform him that Georgia law was

not in force in Alabama.' Underwood, in reply, among other things, said: 'My

young friend has reminded jr.e that I could not introduce Georgia law into his

state, and, with much confidence, repeated the assertion. I think the young man

i? rather premature in his boastful congratulations, for I will let him understand

that of which he seems to be ignorant, to-wit: that Georgia takes the liberty of

extending her laws over all the adjacent savage tribes, and, what concerns the

young man personally still more, with very little evidence or ceremony she hangs

>T sends to the penitentiary all the young savages that traduce her, or arc hi

an}' manner in her way.'"

At this time Gen. Jackson was at the height of his popularity, and having

taken strong measures for the removal of the Indians, was more popular in

Georgia, perhaps, than in any other state; and for that reason, more unpopular

with Judge Underwood than any other man in the United States, and he took

every occasion to give his opinion of that distinguished individual. To the aston

ishment of all of his friends, he delivered a Fourth of July oration at the court

house of his county town, and some of them having expressed their surprise that

a gentleman of his age and distinction should occupy his time with such an

insignificant matter, he gave as a reason that he not only wished to abuse Gen.

Jackson before a large audience but also by authority. He, too, like Judge

Dooly, had his controversies with his landlords at the taverns, but, unlike Dooly,

all in a good humored way. At a court, thinking his landlord was remiss, he

asked John Mabry if he had taken the oath of the special bailiff. "Why?" asked

Mr. Mabry, the landlord. "Because you have kept us without meat, drink or fire

--candlelight and water only excepted; and that is the oath which is administered

to the bailiff before he takes charge of the jury, John Mabry, and from the way

you have kept us in this court I thought you "must have taken it. If you have,

John Mabry, I can certify you have scrupulously observed it." He never forsook

horseback and saddle bags while I knew him for buggies or railroads, and always

rode a fine animal, about which he felt great anxiety. Stopping all night with

Charter Campbell of Madison, when his bill was presented next morning, he

said: "Well! Mr. Campbell, do you really think I owe you three dollars for

the entertainment of me and -ny gray horse, Cherokee?" "Oh, yes, judge! It is

a fair and usual charge." "Well, Mr. Campbell, if the poet had stopped with you

instead of saying 'man wants but little here below nor wants that little long,' he

might have said. 'If man has but little here below, and stops with you, he will

not have that little long. -_ - A. !_____ i.1- _ i. Iliil - 1 -___">

J

During the know-nothing campaign a drummer, recommending his tavern,

said it was a "know-nothing hor.se," when Judge Underwood replied: "Well!

If the landlord knows less than Jim Toney--his old landlord of the tavern--I

shall not risk myself with him.'' Having been asked the politics of a friend,

whom he accused of fickleness, I:c said: "I can't say, for I have not seen him

since dinner/' Judge Thomas of Elbert--in which county Underwood once

liverl--meeting him, said the people of that county would like to see him there,

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and he (Thomas) thought he could make a pleasant visit to the old place. "Yes," said Judge Underwood, "there is an honest stupidity about the people of Elbert which is amusing, and which I rather like." Some citizen of the county, who took the remark of Underwood as offensive, meeting him afterward, rebukingly said he ought to take it back. "Well," said the judge, "I will take part of it back, and since the county voted for Buchanan I will withdraw the word 'honest.'" As I before intimated, he was the most independent man in politics in the state, of his distinction. Often, not caring for the red rose or white, guelph nor ghibelline, he would thrust, right and left, his sharp cimeter into all who exposed themselves to his wit. However, in the latter part of his life he seemed to have settled down in opposition to democracy as indicated by another anecdote. Howell Cobb having made an appointment to speak at Lumpkin court on Tues day, for some cause, postponed it until the next day, the day for taking up the criminal docket, according to the practice of the court. Underwood asking the reason of the postponement, and not receiving a satisfactory answer, said: "I think it a very proper time, as that is'the day for taking up the democratic docket, and if the defendants all should appear there will be a very general turnout of the party." For a long time he was accused of being an old Federalist of the John Adams school, which, in Georgia then, was little short of a charge of theft, and having been taunted with it by a politician, who said: "There have always been but two parties in the country, and we class you with the Federalists, for all know that is your place." "Yes," said Underwood, "there have always been two parties, Federalists and fools, and I have never heard you accused of belonging to the Federalists." "On being importuned to move to the town of Marietta, he said he would not like to live there, but thought it the best place to die in that he knew of, and gave as the reason that he could leave it with fewer regrets than any other place in the world. And what may seem to be a strange coincidence, he died in Marietta."
But the patience of readers will not permit separate mention of the scores of really able and distinguished lawyers, educated and trained in the forum of our superior courts. To be even fairly faithful it should include Thomas W. Cobb, who resigned his seat in the senate of the United States to run for the superior court bench; Upson, considered by many the profoundest lawyer in the state; George R. Gilmer (sometime governor), who foamed and spat upon the jury; Oliver Hillhouse Prince, the delightful companion and inveterate jester; Duncan G. Campbell, father of the late Associate Justice John A. Campbell, and himself a fine orator; John A. Heard, quick at points, and ready in reply; Tom Peter Carnes, full of law and fun; Thomas S. Foster, of Greensboro, more politician than lawyer; Eli S. Shorter, of powers that would have sustained him in any position; Richard Henry Wilde, the courtly gentleman with poetic fancy--but the task is impossible. Mere mention of names is too perfunctory, and more than
mere mention is beyond the occasion. Still it would be unpardonable should we leave this delightful theme without the mention of two names, both of which came into prominence toward the end of the period of which we are thinking. Of the first of these men, Thomas R. R. Cobb, we shall see more when we come to the code of Georgia, of which he was largely the parent. But the second ought
to be spoken of now.
HERSCHEL V. JOHXSOX.
The very spot of his birth, now little but ruins, marks emphatically the difference between his early days and ours. The writer has often passed the ruined homestead in old Burke countv where Gov. Johnson was born. There is

MEMOIRS OP GEORGIA.
nothing now that shows the home by the roadside except a clump of bushes on the old red Georgia hill, one of those hills of which our poet Lanier sang so tunefully and hopefully. Johnson was a university of Georgia man and early disclosed great power of mind and strength of will. He addressed himself early to political life and was elected governor of Georgia in 1853. His unusually solid qualities made him so conspicuous in the Union that in 1860 he was nominated for the vice-presidency, with Stephen A. Douglas for president. But it was not until after the civil war that the greatness of Gov. Johnson exhibited itself, yet in a manner that found no response in the sympathies of his fellow countrymen. When the dreadful conflict had ended in the defeat of the south, and provisional governments took the place of governments by election, when petty officers were lording it in insolent style over every county under the title of the Freedrrian's bureau, when no man knew what would be the fate of his state, his person, or his property, when Gov. Brown had returned from the Old Capitol prison, with advice to the people whom he had recently urged to the bitterest war, to accept the inevitable with open arms, and to embrace the doctrines of their late enemies, in order that, with the doctrines, they might reap the substantial bene fits; when B. H. Hill was \vriting his Xotes on the Situation, pressing upon the people the policy of resistance by peaceable methods to every attempt of the north to impose upon the south the legal and illegal results of the war--then came a letter from Johnson, as grand a letter as was ever written by man, in which he declared equally against servility and childish rage. "Preserve your self-respect," was his message to his people, "and in good season all things must come right for you." This generation is not in position to decide whether the fortunes of the south would have been better or worse if she had heeded these words rather than hastily re-entered the union which she had as hastily left, groaning under invaria bly corrupt elections, and critical of dishonest repudiations; but posterity may possibly be more severe upon us than we are now upon ourselves. The last years of Gov. Johnson's life were spent upon the bench of the superior court. His career had been too much that of a politician to permit him to be also a profound lawyer; but like Crawford, he presented the spectacle of a very great man on the bench administering more in the nature of a personal law than the law of statutes and books. Many still remember his charges to the grand juries. In them he would put all the power of his splendid intellect, and as he would solemnly place before his juries the duties incumbent upon them his charge would be unconsciously converted into such a grand and eloquent oration as men' have seldom heard elsewhere.
FIFTH PERIOD. GEORGIA UNDER A SUPREME COURT, 1846-1895.
We conic now to the point in the history of the state when it was last seen by the people that the arbitrary power of a single judge must have its check by the revision of another tribunal, and to the establishment of its supreme court. In 1835 the constitution was amended, and *.he supreme court authorized the following provision: "The supreme court shall consist of three judges, who shall be elected by the legislature for such term of years as shall be prescribed by law, and shall continue in office until their successors shall be elected and qualified, removable by the governor on two-thirds of both branches of the general assem bly for that purpose, or by impeachment ami conviction thereon. The said court

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shall have no original jurisdiction, but shall be a court alone for the trial and correction of errors in law and equity from the superior courts of the several cir
cuits, and shall sit at least once a year, at a time to be prescribed by law, in
each of five judicial circuits to be hereafter laid off and designated by the legis lature for the purpose, at the most central point in such judicial district, or at such other point in each district as shall be by the general assembly ordained,
for the trial and determination of writs of error from the several superior courts included in such judicial districts." Although this amendment would seem to fully authorize the establishment of a supreme court, effect was not given to
it until Dec. 10, 1845, and not until the people had in 1843 reaffirmed their desire for a supreme court. Into the causes of this delay it is not necessary to examine, but the supreme court, as now constructed, has always been traced, so far as its birth is concerned, to the constitutional amendment of 1843, an^ not to that of 1835.
The act which carried the amendment of the constitution into effect reads
partially as follows: "i. Sec. i. Be it enacted, That in pursuance of the first section of the third
article of the constitution, there shall be, and it is hereby established, a court for the correction of errors, to be called the supreme court of the state of Geor
gia; the said court shall consist of three judges, who shall be elected at the present session of the general assembly; one, for the term of six years; one, for the term of four years; and one for the term of two years, during which terms they shall
respectively hold their offices, unless sooner removed, in the manner pointed out by the constitution. No person shall be eligible to the office of judge unless he shall have been duly admitted and licensed to plead and practice in the courts of law and equity in this state, ten years, at least, prior to his election.
"2. Sec. 2. The said supreme court shall be holden at the times and places following, to-wit: On the second Monday in January and third Monday in June, in each year, for the first district, to be composed of the eastern and southern judicial circuits, alternately at Savannah and Hawkinsville. On the fourth Mon days in January and July in each, for the second district, to be composed of the southwestern and Chattahoochee circuits, alternately at Talbotton and Americus. On the second Mondays in February and August in each year, for the third dis trict, to be composed of the Coweta and Flint judicial circuits, alternately at Decatur and Macon. On the fourth Mondays in March and September in each year for the fourth district, to be composed of the western and Cherokee circuits,
alternately at Cassville and Gainesville. On the first Mondays in May and No vember in each year for the fifth district, to be composed of the middle, northern
and Ocnmlgee judicial circuits, at the city of Milledgeville." Since the organization of the court under this provision it has remained sub
stantially as created by that act, the chief change being in the concentration of the court and its records at Atlanta, the seat of government, thus reversing the peri
patetic manner in which the court had been held from circuit to circuit.

THE NEW SUPREME COURT.
We have thus arrived at the time when there was again a chief justice in Georgia--fifty-six years since the last one sat--now with two associate justices.

JOSEPH HENRY LUA1PKIX.

The first chief justice was Joseph Henry Lumpkin, who was elected with Hiram Warner and Eugcnius A. Nisbet, they being associate justices. For the

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purpose of inaugurating the new court it would have been difficult to have found in this state men better qualified. Judge Warner may be said to have been the
exponent of hard common sense on the bench; Judge Nisbet full of profound erudition in decided cases; while Judge Lumpkin was the man above all others to carry the courts forward in the line of progress and simplification favored by the people, but distasteful to the older lawyers. The profession of law is always conservative, and prefers to abide by decided precedents rather than to enter
upon untried paths. The tendency of the age has been and is to curtail words and simplify proceedings; but in almost every state attempts in that direction have been met by "strict construction" from the bench under the specious insistence of the side of a case benefited by that method. The people of Georgia desired the simplification sought in other states; but it required all the force and authority
of Judge Lumpkin to give effect to his desire. It may well be conceded that but for his determination in this respect the simplifying statutes would have been construed and chipped away until the spirit embodied in them was wholly dead.
Doubtless there was somewhat more of oratory in his decisions than is usually found in reports, and it is possible that, they are open to the criticism of being emotional. But the service that he performed to the state from 1846 to his death in 1867 was invaluable, and cannot be too highly rated. He cut away the bonds of words by which legal measures were fettered, and for all time set the precedent
for liberal construction of remedial statutes in the practice of law.

HIRAM WARNER.
Judge Hiram Warner has already been mentioned as appointed associate justice in 1846. He remained on the bench until he resigned in 1853; and was again appointed--this time chief justice--in 1867. Again he took his seat as associate justice in 1869; but upon the resignation of Chief Justice Lochrane in 1872 he again became chief justice and remained so until he resigned in 1880, dying in 1882. He was a man of profound common sense, well versed in the law; a man of great firmness, inflexible in his opinions and methods, passionately attached to the settled principles of law and to the constitutions of the nation and state; disdainful of political views as controlling legal construction, and altogether scornful of expediency and inconsistency. We shall see more of him in another place.
EUGENIUS A. NISBET.
A glance at the decisions of the supreme court from 1846 to 1853 will show what an admirable lawyer Judge Nisbet was. Always safe and sound, his opinions evince hard study and thorough examination. Judge Nisbet was born in 1803, and lived eighteen years after he left the bench, dying in 1871. Nothing is more curious in the history of Georgia than that the two most ardent and stalwart champions of secession in the convention of 1861 were Eugenius A. Nisbet, the venerable ex-justice and conservative jurist, and Thomas R. R. Cobb, Georgia's greatest lawyer--both men of profoundest piety and submission and devotion to the commands of Christ.
EBENEZER STARNES.
Judge Warner \vas succeeded in 1853 by Ebenezer Starnes of Augusta. Here again we have on the bench a most admirable lawyer of the old school. Judge Starnes had a large practice, from which he was tempted to go to the bench, and which he was able to regain fully in 1856 on his return to the bar. His decisions,

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like Judge Nisbet's, disclose the well-equipped jurist. Judge Starnes died about
1870. It was said of him by men of his day, that he was cold and indifferent to others. How little we know of our fellow-man is illustrated by this case. The
writer remembers well a young man who went to Judge Starnes for advice as to studying law. There was no tie of blood or marriage that called for especial sympathy or help; but Judge Starnes at once put everything aside and went into the whole business; ending by urging the young man to come to him for
examinations; and then took him out to walk. Passing a book store the judge carried his young friend in and introduced him to the owner. "Mr. Richards,"
said he, "this young gentleman may want some books. Let him have all he wants and send the bill to me." Then to his young friend confidentially, "You see. you young fellows have not much since the war, and I want you now to buy a full
library--all the books you need--and some day you will make a big fee and can. settle with me." And yet to this poor, blind world he passed as hard--he, whose heart was big enough to have furnished a dozen ordinary men.

HENRY L. BENNING.
Judge Nisbet was succeeded in 1856 by Henry L. Benning. Judge Benning sat until 1860. He entered the Confederate army, served as brigadier-general and died in 1875. He was much better fitted for the practice of law than for the supreme bench. At the bar he was adroit and eloquent and no one was more beloved and admired.
CHARLES J. M'DONALD.
Judge Starnes was followed in 1856 by ex-Gov. McDonald, who was one of the ablest, if not the ablest judge that Georgia ever had, uniting the qualities of statesman to that of jurist. He was born in Charleston, S. C., in 1793. He early became one of the democratic party of the state, and was elected governor in 1839. After his retirement to private life he resumed the practice of law and successfully followed it until he went to the supreme bench, where lie remained until his resignation in 1859. He lived only a short time after leaving the bench, dying in 1860. His decisions are models of learning and forcible reasoning.

LINTON STEPHENS.
The seat of Judge McDonald was filled in 1859 by Judge Linton Stephens. Judge Stephens was always a better lawyer than his eloquent brother, and his tenure of the bench was a source of satisfaction to the bar. He was born in 1823: practiced law in Hancock and adjoining counties; and was considered one of the best equipped jurists in the state. He remained on the bench until his resignation in 1860. He died in 1872.

RICHARD F. LYON.
Judge Lyon was elected to the bench in 1860, following Judge Bemiing. He was a big burly man, full of energy and industry, but, like Judge Benning, was never as much at home on the bench as he was at the bar. He was born in 1817 and remained on the bench from 1860 until 1866, when, his term expiring, he resumed practice, and followed it as laboriously as the youngest member until he died in 1892.
CHARLES J. JENKINS.
We have in Judge Charles J. Jenkins another of Georgia's great judges--one . who like McDonald was as much statesman as lawyer. Gov. Jenkins was born in Beaufort district, S. C., and being bred to the bar, as usual exhibited a taste for

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political life. But he was on the whig side the losing side in Georgia politics in those days and although his reputation for ability, eloquence, learning and integrity- became very great, he played no .successful part in Georgia politics until after the civil war. In 1860 he was appointed to the supreme bench in the place of Judge Stephens and there displayed his powers of logic and great erudition of law. until he was made the first governor of Georgia elected by the people upon the re-establishment of civil government in 1865. When under the reconstruction measures of congress that civil government was again swept away, Gov. Jenkins, with perfect dignity and the abiding respect and applause of his people, retired from the governors chair never again to appear in public life. His death occurred in 1883.
DAWSON A. WALKER.
Upon the expiration of Justice Lyons term of office in 1866 he was succeeded by Dawson A. Walker, one of the most admirable judges who ever sat upon Georgias supreme bench. Judge Walker came originally from Tennessee, where he was born in 1819; but in 1845 removed to Murray county, Ga., and entered upon the practice of law. After having held the office of judge of the Cherokee judicial circuit, he was elected to the supreme bench of Georgia, but remained but two years on the bench, his term expiring in 1868. Judge Walker was pre eminently a lawyer, full of profound learning in his profession, and gifted with very clear methods of expression. The end of his term upon the bench was a misfortune to the state, for she lost thereby one of the best judges who ever served her. After leaving the bench he returned to the practice of law in Dalton, Ga.. where he remained the object of the respect of his fellow-citizens until his death in 1881, notwithstanding the adoption by him of political views hostile to the white majority in the state, and his quiet life was broken only by his candidacy f jr the governorship of the state in 1873, and by the filling of a Federal office for a short time.
IVERSOX L. HARRIS.
Iverson L. Harris was elected to the bench in 1866, and remained until 1868. He was born a Georgian and entered Franklin college (now the state university) in 1820 and was graduated with honor in 1823. He was admitted to the bar after a short course of study and in 1859 was raised to the bench of the superior court of Ocmulgee circuit where he remained until he was elected to the supreme bench. He died in 1876, full of years and honors, having attained the good old age of three score and ten. Judge Harris was a bold and rapid thinker, and with his large intellectual endowments, legal learning and innate sense of justice, could not have failed to attain success on the bench of the highest court of the state. He held with even hand the scales of justice and was far above the plane of favoritism or bias toward the litigant or advocate.

JOSEPH E. BROWN.
In 1869 ex-Gov. Joseph E. Brown was elected chief justice to succeed Chief Justice Warner, who thus became an associate justice only. Gov. Brown was governor of the state at the commencement of the civil war, and was the cham pion of the democratic party in Georgia and an ultra secessionist. After the war he was elected chief justice by the republican legislature, having associated him self with that party in the state. Judge Brown was too much in political life and high office to have been at any time a very profound lawyer. His chief charac-

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teristic was astuteness in public--perhaps also in private--affairs. He had that keen, cool judgment which led him to see intuitively what course would be most profitable to him from the standpoint of worldly wisdom. That judgment was not as useful always to his fellow men as to himself, or it is possible that Georgia would not have seceded, that the dreadful civil war would not have been. In his own ideal of life he was pre-eminently successful. From a superior court judgeship, in which he displayed neither great learning nor eloquence, to become the most popular governor of his state; from a mere governor of a state to become . the most potent instrument in lighting the torch of civil war, and--next to Davis-- the most famous civilian in the south; from the head of a seceding state to become the persistent opponent of the Confederate government in its struggles for life, and to have endeared himself to thousands of his people by his resistance to the Confederate congress; from a captive governor of a belligerent state to become the acceptor and champion of the conquerors of his people; from a secessionist democrat to become the republican chief justice of the state; from the republican office-holder and the name upon which the people spat, to become the democratic senator, revered and all powerful until he died; and, above all, in the midst of mined fortunes and beggared respectability, on even- hand around him, to have grown richer steadily and unceasingly, not only in wisdom and honors, but in money; and from a poor country judge to have died one of the wealthiest men in Georgia--surely here was success indeed, and that of such an extraordinary kind as pointed him out the possessor of abilities not every day or everywhere to be found.
If, at the end of the civil war, the people of Georgia could have been imbued with the spirit of Gov. Brown, and could have followed his example in ever)' detail; if a whole people could have been found capable of cool calculation; if they could have turned from bitter war to warm friendship with their enemies; it" they could have divested themselves of all memory of the useless spilling of the blood of gallant sons and brothers; if they could have ignored the manner in which the struggle had been for many years steadily forced upon the south; if from the graves of the slain and the smoke of ruined homes they could have turned to embrace their conquerors and to advocate their measures; if, knowing the colored race as they did, they could not only have cheerfully acquiesced in their freedom, but could have welcomed them into the ranks of equal citizens, and could have looked forward with willingness to the exercise of a voting and governing power which, in the nature of things, must be. for long years at least, a purchasable commodity, that people would have gone down to history as one so far devoid of the usual emotions of the human heart, or as far above them, that they could be classed only with the mythical races--the Cyclops and the Centaurs of the pre-historic world. It is essential that the reader should understand to some extent Chief Justice Brown's career to fully comprehend an episode that occurred between him and Judge Warner while on the same bench in 1869--a fierce conflict that can be found in the decisions of that time--such a conflict as never happened before and, it is to be devoutly hoped, will never happen again: a conflict in which the dissenting justice, Warner, expressed himself as unwilling to be ''embalmed in judicial infamy," and in which the chief justice replied by repelling the idea of his having "pharasaical pretensions;" a conflict which the bar regarded with horror and disgust. Yet it grew out of the very qualities of Chief Justice Brown and Justice Warner, to which allusion has been made. The war had ended in utter ruin to the people of the south. Losing a large part of their possessions, they still owed debts--in many instances to northern people. The legislatures, accepting the theory of repudiation enforced upon them by congress

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in certain classes of debts, were inclined to go farther in the same direction between man and man than was compatible with constitutional prohibitions. Various statutes were passed looking to the relief of the debtor class, and affecting in terms the remedy, but really striking at the cause of action. All such legisla tion found in Warner a stern opponent whenever it contravened the constitution of the United States and practically impaired the obligation of contracts. Law yer In all his thoughts, he could not bring himself to ignore the law because of wish to relieve. On the other hand, the chief justice, facile and expedient, was not only in hearty sympathy with the purpose of the statutes, but was abundantly willing to give effect to them whenever, by any plausible reasoning, they could be sustained. The angry spirit of the old-time lawyer rebelled against subter fuges and sophisms, as well as against the politician giving utterance to them, and in his wrath he struck the bench itself, and the chief justice replied by sneers and disclaimers that were unworthy of that bench. The right of the matter was demonstrated by the supreme court of the United States, which sustained Judge Warner in most of his dissents, but the temper of the controversy will always remain in the Georgia reports to puzzle the students as to the real cause of so much judicial heat. After his retirement from the bench Gov. Brown went to the senate of the United States, where he remained until shortly before he died. No man ever lived in Georgia whose course and methods were in the end more con
clusively successful.
HENRY K. STCAY.
Judge Henry K. McCay, who became associate justice in 1869 and resigned in 1875, was one f t'ie acutest minds ever upon that bench. He loved reasoning for its own sake, and delighted in the subtlest forms of logic. A fine lawyer, he gave great satisfaction to the bar, while it may be regretted that he devoted his best powers to sustaining the unconstitutional legislation that Judge Warner as steadily opposed. But in those heats that then and there arose on the bench, Judge Me Cay bore himself calmly and with dignity. He was always regarded as the jurist of the supreme court while he was on it, and his resignation was deeply regretted. After that happened he was appointed district judge of the United States for the northern circuit, which position he filled until he died in 1886.
He was born in Northumberland county, Pa., on Jan. 8, 1820. He grad uated from Princeton college in 1839 and shortly thereafter came to Georgia to live. He studied law in the office of Chief Justice Lumpkin, and was admitted to the bar in 1842. In the war between the states he served in the army of north ern Virginia, under Stonewall Jackson, during several campaigns. At its close he was brigadier-general of state troops. He was a member of the convention which framed the constitution in 1868, and many of its wisest provisions were the results of his efforts and influence.

OSBORXE A. LOCHRAKE.
Upon the resignation of Chief Justice Brown, Osborne A. Lochrane was ap pointed chief justice, and filled that office for a short time, resigning in December of 1871 to re-enter the practice of law. Judge Lochrane was born in Ireland in 1829 and had all the traditional wit and humor of his nation. He came to New York in 1846 and traveled thence to Athens, Ga. While a clerk in a drug store he was encouraged by Judge Lumpkin to study law, in the pursuit of which he soon found success and eminence. He first practiced in Savannah in 1850, but went from there to Macon in the same year. In 1861 he was appointed judge of

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the Macon circuit, and was twice re-elected--afterward appointed judge of the Atlanta circuit in 1870. Adopting republican tenets, he was appointed the successor of Chief Justice Brown upon the supreme bench. Judge Lochrane was much more ready and eloquent than profound. No one was ever a better companion, and no one ever encountered the vicissitudes of life with a more cheerful or a brighter spirit. After he left the bench he returned to the practice of law, in which he remained until his death in Atlanta in 1887.

WILLIAM W. MONTGOMERY.
Judge Warner becoming chief justice in 1872, William W. Montgomery, of Augusta, was appointed associate justice in his place. This able and scholarly judge is still living, and cannot, therefore, be further mentioned in this sketch.

R. P. TRIPPE.
After the expiration of Judge Montgomery's term of office in 1873, Robert P. Trippe was elected to succeed him. Judge Trippe sat until he resigned in 1875. He was one of the best of a not unusual type of men in Georgia--more the advo cate than jurist--more politician than lawyer. Eloquent and practical, his true position was rather before the jury than on the bench. But his common sense, straightforwardness, and conscientious devotion to his work made him a most acceptable judge, and his resignation was greatly regretted.

LOGAN E. BLECKLEY.
Judge Trippe was succeeded by Logan E. Bleckley. Judge Bleckley had been long one of Georgia's most distinguished lawyers when he went on the bench, and since that time has filled a prominent place in the public mind. He resigned in 1879 because of overwork, but was appointed chief justice in 1887, which place he filled until he resigned again from the same cause in 1894. He is still living and further comment would not be in place.
JAMES JACKSON.
At the same time that Judge Bleckley was elected the other vacant seat was filled by James Jackson, who subsequently, upon the resignation of Judge Warner in 1880, became chief justice---so remaining until his death in 1887. Judge Jack son came from stanch Georgia ancestry. He was the grandson of the Senator Jackson--afterward governor--who so bitterly fought the Yazoo fraud and over came its friends. Judge Jackson was a man of great warmth of heart and kindli ness of feeling and received and retained the loyalty and affection of the entire bar of the state.
MARTIN J. CRAWFORD.
Upon the resignation of Judge Bleckley in 1880 Martin J. Crawford was appointed in his place. Judge Crawford was born in Jasper county on March 17, 1820, and died in 1883. He began to study law at an early age and was admitted to the bar by a special ect of the legislature before he was nineteen years of age. In 1854 he was appointed judge of the superior court of the Chattahoochee circuit. In 1855 he was elected to congress. He was one of the delegates from Georgia to the provisional congress of the Confederate States
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MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.
in peace, and raised a regiment of cavalry and was elected its colonel and remained with it until he was captured. Judge Crawford was an able and astute lawyer. Whatever was before him he gave it his best efforts. His decisions arc clear and concise and show both his learning and labor.
\VILLIS A. HAWKINS.
What has been said of Judge Trippe is equally true of Judge Hawkins. He was appointed in 1880 to fill a short term made vacant by the resignation of Judge Warner and the promotion of Judge Jackson to the chief justiceship. It was his misfortune to be on the bench for less than four months, but in that short period he made a good record as the reports will show. He was born in Madison county, Ga., Jan. 15, 1825, was admitted to the bar on May 7, 1846. When the civil war began he raised a company which became a part of the famous Twelfth Georgia, of which he became the colonel. He died on Xov. 28, 1886, and left a memory as an eloquent and able advocate, a fair and fearless jurist, a true and faithful friend.
ALEXANDER M. SPEER.
Judge Alexander M. Speer, who is still living, was elected in 1880 and served but a short time--until 1882.
SAMUEL HALL.
In the person of Judge Samuel Hall the supreme bench acquired one of the best lawyers in the state. He was elected in 1882 and died on Aug. 28, 1887, while on the bench. He was born in Chester district, S. C., on Oct. 20, 1820. His father moved to Georgia in 1837 and he was graduated from Franklin college, afterward the university of Georgia, in 1841. He was admitted to practice of law in the superior court of Crawford county in 1842. He took some interest in politics, but the law suited the natural turn of his mind. He was eminently an upright judge and in searching for the truth and to arrive at the right he spared no time or trouble. It can truly be said of this eminent jurist, that he lived hon estly, ill-used nobody and gave even, one his due, both as a man and as a judge.
M. H. BLANDFORD.
Martin J. Crawford was succeeded by Judge M. H. Blandford in 1883. His term expired in 1890 and he resumed the practice of law at his home in Columbus, where he still lives.
THE PRESENT BENCH.
This enumeration brings us to the present bench, composed of Thomas J. Simmons, who was first elected associate justice in 1887, and became chief justice ir 1894, on the resignation of Judge Bleckley. Samuel Lumpkin was elected in 1891: and Spencer R. Atkinson was elected in 1894. It would be a pleasant task to present the careers of these gentlemen, but one that must be denied the writer, in pursuance of the character and limitations of this sketch.
We cannot forbear, however, the expression of regret that the supreme court of Georgia is not placed in circumstances more in accord with the wishes of its members and the necessities of the bar and people. To-day, in the granite capital, they examine the decisions in nearly a thousand cases a year, with the same assist ance--and no more--than their predecessors had in 1846 when they revised onefifth of that number. They are expected to hear, examine, study, decide, and

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write their decisions in such a number of causes as is beyond the power of any three or ten living men. Overworked--tasked beyond any human strength-- they go through their conscientious discharge of duty, hoping, almost beyond hope, that the people will devise some means of help, and so order their duties that they will be able to point to their work with self-approval, in that the work is not only done, but well done, to the satisfaction of the bar and the bench of othef states.
GEORGIA UNDER A CODE OP LAWS.

The most important product of the bar of Georgia has been the code of the state--a measure, of course, ordered and approved by the legislature, but from beginning to end the work of members of the bar. The gravity of this under taking will be more fully understood when it is known that it is the only code of its kind in the United States. In most states there are so-called codes of laws; which upon examination will be found to be but compilations of existing statutory laws. Very likely in. most instances the compilers would have been daring enough to have attempted what was accomplished by the writers of the Georgia code; but apparently, and probably justly, they have doubted the extent of their powers, and have refrained from any other work than bare compilation. The writer remem bers the desire in that direction of the codifiers of Maryland laws, who examined all accessible codes, approved of that of Georgia as the best code in the world, and regretfully decided that they held no such commission as that used by Cobb, Irwin and Clark.
Codification was not a new topic in Georgia in 1860. As far back as 1827 Gov. Forsyth had brought the matter to the attention of the legislature, pointing out that the eighteenth section of the third article of the constitution provided "that
within five years after the adoption of this constitution the body of our law, civil and criminal, shall be revised, digested, and arranged under proper heads, and promulgated in such manner as the legislature may direct.'' To carry into effect this section of the constitution an act was passed by the general assembly on Dec. 6, 1792. Other acts having relation to the subject were consequently passed, but contemplating only codification of statute laws. Gov. Forsyth insisted that the authors of the constitution obviously contemplated the revision, digest, and arrangement of the written and unwritten law of the state; and that the terms "the body of our law, civil and criminal," were general, and comprehended within their scope the common law equally with the statute. He therefore urged the matter upon the attention of the legislature; but while it was duly referred, for some reason unknown it never found shape in any action.
The subject was revived in 1858 by George A. Gordon of Savannah. The circumstances cannot be better described than by the words of Judge Richard H. Clark, one of the codifiers himself.
It has proven fortunate for the state that by it legislation necessary to per fect her political and judicial system has been secured, which, if done gradually, would not even now be done, perhaps never. Under this change of laws, making up of new laws, and repealing of old laws, there was a grave constitutional ques tion, but fortunately, before it was made the code was adopted by the constitutions of 1861, then of '68, and repeated by the constitution of '77. At the time of the law providing for a code, there were but few codes in the United States. As I remember, five in number--those of Virginia, Alabama, Tennessee, California and Louisiana. Codes were not popular. Codes were deemed impracticable, to a particular extent impossible. Georgia had been a state nearly a century, and

202

MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

had not felt the need of a code. Prince's digest of 1837, succeeded by Cobb's of 1850, seemed all that was necessary, and when the legislature of 1858 made pro vision for a code, and a code that would be such an innovation, the whole state was surprised. Indeed, the legislature was itself taken by surprise. The history of it is this: George A. Gordon was a member of the house from Chatham. He was a young lawyer, aged only twenty-eight years. He had married in Huntsville, Ala., and of course made visits to that place. There he intermingled with many of the best lawyers of that state. He heard them extol the code of Ala bama, adopted in 1852. He examined and fell in love with the Alabama code, particularly with its plan and style. He determined Georgia should, if he could accomplish it, have a code on the plan of the Alabama. He went further. He conceived the idea of codification of the common law of force in Georgia. In pursuance of this purpose you will find by reference to the house journal of 1858, that on Xov. 29, among other bills introduced by Mr. Gordon of Chatham was one to provide for the codification of the laws of Georgia. By that bill the pros pective code was to be on the plan of the Alabama code, "which should as near as practicable, embrace, in a condensed form, the laws of Georgia, whether derived from the common law, the constitutions, the statutes of the state, the decisions of the supreme court, or the statutes of England in force in the state." The law also prescribed that the legislature was to elect three commissioners to execute the work. It is manifest from this statement that the design of the code, including the feature that distinguishes it from other codes, originated with Mr. Gordon. There is some doubt as to who is the author of the judiciary act of 1799, that then dis tinguished Georgia from her sister states mainly by abolishing special pleading, but there is no doubt that George A. Gordon was the originator of the cade of Georgia, and that his efforts and influence secured the law requiring it
So much for the origin and design of the code. Now, as to its execution. The commissioners elected by the legislature to compile the code were Iverson L. Harris, David Irwin and Herschel V. Johnson. Judge Irwin was the only one of those elected who consented to act, and with him were associated Thomas R. R. Cobb and Richard H. Clark.
THOMAS R. R. COBB.
Mr. Cobb \vas one of the most remarkable men of this or any other time. Born in Athens. Ga.. in 1823, he was but thirty-nine years of age when he lost his life as a Confederate brigadier at Fredericksburg. To any one who lived in Georgia, and therefore, as a matter of course, knew Gen. Cobb's reputation at the bar in the time that he carefully eschewed public life; to those who knew of him as the grave professor of law in the state law school--to those who were aware of his part in the preparation of the incomparable code of the state--and all law yers knew of it; to those who saw his enormous influence exercised in the affairs of the state in 1861, when enthusiasm had seized him and made his judgment captive: to all who knew, as nearly all did, that in talent, legal knowledge, indus try and personal influence he was the admitted head of the whole bar of Georgia, it would seem almost incredible that this position was attained by Gen. Cobb beforehis fortieth year, in a state in which were such statesmen as Robert Toombs, Howell Cobb, Benjamin H. Hill, Herschel V. Johnson, Alexander H. Stephens and Charles J. Jenkins, and such lawyers as William Hope Hull, William Law, Thomas E. Lloyd, Andrew J. Miller, Samuel Hall and William Dougherty. What a genius was there! What fertility of thought! What clearness of mind! What fairness of logic! What overwhelming power of application! For it is never to be gain-

THE BENCH AND BAR OP GEORGIA.

293

said that, as a jurist, in the highest sense of the term, Mr. Cobb was far above any lawyer who has ever lived in Georgia from its colonization down to the present time.
DAVID IRWIN.

With Mr. Cobb was also Judge David Irwin. This able man was born in Wilkes county in 1807, and died in Marietta in his seventy-ninth year. He .was much before the public in his long life, but the greatest service that he ever did
his native state was that which we are now considering. For many years a sound lawyer, his tenure of the superior court bench in the Blue Ridge circuit had familiarized him with the details of legal practice and judicial procedure, so that he went to his work fully prepared to do the portion thoroughly that might be
entrusted to him. In addition to these mental qualifications he possessed very unusual common sense--a faculty much called upon in determining the vexed questions of pleading, which were thus submitted to the codifiers. The third gentleman who undertook and executed that work was Judge Richard H. Clark, of Atlanta--clarum et venerabile nomen--who lives to-day in a green old age
the object of the unbounded respect and affection of his fellow citizens. Judge Clark has so charmingly described the production of the code that no apology is necessary for using his language:
"The commissioners soon met in Atlanta to agree upon the method of pro
ceeding and entered vigorously and sincerely upon the work. We parcelled it
between us in this way: To myself was assigned part first, 'the political and public organization of the state.' To Mr. Cobb second and fourth parts, 'the civil code'
and the 'penal laws/ and to Judge Irwin the third part, 'the code of practice.' The general preliminary provisions were made after the other parts were completed, and are the work of Mr. Cobb, amended and added to by the other commissioners.
As each commissioner finished a title, he had two copies made and sent to each of the others, so each could examine the work of each, to be prepared with sug gestions of changes when we met to pass upon the whole work. This making the first draft, and then two copies, was very laborious, and I had to employ an assistant to make the copies as I proceeded, so that when I was done the original
copies would also be done. We had no shorthand or typewriting then, and every word had to be written in full and with the pen. Of the two years allowed I devoted at least one year in all exclusively to the code, but it was not consecu tively done, except for three or four months at a time. When we had finished, in August, 1860, we met again at Atlanta and went through the whole work, sec tion at a time. By working from 8 till i, and from 2 to 7, and from 8 to 10 or n, or as long as we could, we finished by 12 o'clock Saturday night, having begun Monday morning. It was working more hours per day for several days than I have ever done before or since. Mr. Cobb seemed not in the least fatigued, but Judge Invin on Thursday said that he could not appear at night any more, and if we insisted on meeting then we would have to go on without him. Mr. Cobb had an engagement the next Monday that could not be postponed, and we had to proceed, for the engagements of each of us were such as to make another meeting, before the committee of the legislature would assemble the fol
lowing October, impracticable. "As I said, we finished at 12 Saturday night, and I do not think that before
or since I was ever so wearied mentally. Mr. Cobb seemed as fresh as the morn ing we started. We conversed on the difference in our conditions, and he told me he had never felt weariness from mental labor; and no matter what engaged

594

MKMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

his mind, in five minutes after retiring at night he was asleep, that he carried no thought or trouble to bed with him, and that whenever he chose he could close his mind like shutting a book. He said before he slept that night he had to draw a short bill in equity to save the return day of a court in his circuit. He was the most perfect specimen of 'a sound mind in a sound body' I have ever seen.
"The next meeting of our commission was at Milledgeville, in October of the same year, before the joint committee of the legislature to examine and report upon the code. This committee, on the part of the senate, were Hines Holt, Daniel S. Printup and William W. Paine, and, on the part of the house, George X. Lester, I sham S. Fannin, William G. Deloney, Miles W. Lewis, Charles X. Broyles and Charles J. Williams. B. B. DeGraffenreid was elected secretary of the commission and committee.
"We went through the whole code, reading each section. Each commissioner read the sections of his part. There was opposition to some of the sections, but serious only occasionally; but the result was the whole work was accepted and adopted by the committee. Their clear, comprehensive and conclusive report to the legislature will be found in the preface of the original code of 1882. Hon. Hines Holt, of iluscogee, one of the senate's committee, an able lawyer, and one of the most graceful of men and fluent of speakers, scanned the work of the commissioners more critically than any other member. The commissioners, among themselves, concurred as to every law in the code except three. The dissenting one was myself. I made my objections known to the committee, but, after argument against me by Messrs. Cobb and Holt, my objections were over
ruled. Afterward the legislature sustained me by excepting one in the act adopt ing the code. The other was soon repealed, and the last, though yet in the code, at section 2293, prescribing 'no abatement of rent' for destruction by fire or other
casualty, is almost a dead letter, because the written contracts for rent have since become almost stereotyped to the contrary.
"What the most learned of lawyers said could not be done, has been done, and successfully done. That it has been successfully done is proven from the over whelming fact that it has been on trial twenty-seven years and has been found adequate to ex'ery emergency. The credit of its distinguishing feature belongs to Gen. Cobb. as that was the part assigned to him and was solely his production,
except as amended by the other commissioners. And likewise the part assigned to each of the other commissioners was exclusively the work of each, except as likewise amended. When completed, it was, as I have said, a code that filled the definition of true codification. Besides making a system out of the existing laws, both common and statute, it repealed old laws and enacted new laws, but so as to be consistent with the legislation of the past, and for the purpose of making that legislation more effectual and complete."
Thus the work was done, and Georgia received from these able and pains
taking men a written body of laws such as is possessed by no other state or people. That it should have been attempted at all was daring; and that it should have succeeded in anything like its perfection was marvelous, and one of the greatest triumphs of the mind of man. If these words be thought to be in any respect too warm, let the reader turn to other so-called "codes" in any civilization
and in any age, and when he learns their inadequacy, and then recalls the various, the desultory, and the obscure sources of the laws now embodied in the code of Georgia, he will think the encomium passed upon it and upon its authors far
too cold and feeble.

THF; BENCH AND BAR OP GEORGIA.

295

We have thus followed the career of the bench and bar of Georgia from Oglethorpe's little "town court" in Savannah, through the courts of the bailiffs--
no bar as yet. We have seen the royal courts with their chief justices and their bar; the revolutionary courts and their chief justices; the superior court judges, supreme in authority; and we have traveled with the supreme court from its organization to the present time. We have seen the supreme bench filled by the best material that the state could offer, notwithstanding the enormous labor, and
that the salaries are not more than those of many well-paid clerks.
We have found a governor of the state plainly reminding its legislature that the incumbents of the superior bench were "not always distinguished for ability, intelligence and integrity.'' But we have nevertheless noticed upon the bench
many men of fine legal knowledge and luminous intellects, despite the fact that they are paid in so niggardly a fashion, that it is only surprising that they consent to fill the place. Finally we have traced the history of the greatest legal achieve ment of this or any state, from first to last, the work of Georgia lawyers. But in all this there is little history of the bar. The bar has no history, because as a body it has no events. Unlike most bars, in Georgia it had its distinct birth, in the
permission to use their professional knowledge and skill before the royal courts. From that time to the present the history of the legislature and of the bench of
the state, is the history of the bar and has no separate existence, and it would be a task as fruitless of good, as difficult of execution to select from the mass of excellent lawyers who have lived in this state, and have aided in making its laws and in giving them force and construction, all those who have been distinguished in their generation by their especial qualifications aud distinction.
Any close observer of the bar of Georgia will be struck at once with the characteristic of self-reliance and independence of thought that obtains every where. Having no system of leaders in cases, and every lawyer undertaking for
himself to handle the business entrusted with him, a habit has been bred of close study, each for himself in his profession, and of dependence upon no external aid.
The result necessarily is, that nowhere in the Union can be found a body of better prepared, more thorough, and more independent thinkers than in this state.
A very striking characteristic of the Georgia lawyer is his respect for the bench, and the consideration of the bench for the bar. In almost every circuit there are lawyers more than the equal of the bench in age, learning and abilities.
Other result than this could not be expected, in viewing the fact that the incomes of the best lawyers far exceed the salary of the judge. But notwithstanding this difficult fact, the relations between the bench and the bar have always been selfrespectful and considerate in the extreme. With very few exceptions the judges
have never used their positions and authority so as to harass or mortify the counsel, and the low-bred coward and bully upon the bench is an unwonted sight; and so the bar have ever exhibited an unbounded respect for the judicial office and
a desire to uphold the hands of the court. In the history of Georgia will be found
no such things as accounts of tyrannical judges and of a subservient bar. But the bench and bar, each regardful of each other's duties, rights and privileges,
each careful as to the feelings and susceptibilities of the other, have gone on together for more than one hundred years, hand in hand, without an event to
break that current of brotherly affection.

EASTERN AND WESTERN CIRCUITS TOGETHER.

George Walton, 1790-1792. Henry Osborne, 1790-1791. John "Houstoun, 1792-1796.

L

296

MEMOIRS OF. GEORGIA.

William Stith, 1793. George \Valton, 1793-1796.

EASTERN CIRCUIT.
William Stephens. 1797-1798. John Glen, 1798. David B. Mitchell, 1708-1804. George Tones. 1804-1807. Thomas V. P. Charkon, 1807-1810. John McPberson Berrien, 1810-1821. Thomas U. P. Charlton. 1821-1822. James M. Wayne, 1822-1828. William Davies, 1828-1829. William La\v, 1829-1834. John C. Xicholl. 1834-1835. Robert M. Charlton. 1835-1837. Charles S. Henry, 1837-1845. William B. Fleming, 1845-1849. Henry R, Jackson, 1849-1853. Joseph W. Jackson, 1853. William B. Fleming. 1853-1868. William Schley, 1868-1875. Henry B. Tompkins. 1875-1879. William B. Fleming, 1879-1881. Henry B. Tompkins. 1881-1882. A. P.' Adams. 1882-1889. Robert Falligant. 1889.--
MIDDLE CIRCUIT.
William Few, 1797-1799. George Walton, 1799-1804. Benjamin Skrine, 1804-1813. Robert Walker, 1813-1816. Robert R. Reid, 1816-1819. John H. Montgomery. 1819-1822. Robert Walker, 1822-1823. Robert R. Reid. 1823-182=:. William Schley. 1825-1828. William W. Holt, 1828-1834. John Schley, 1834-1835. Roger L. Gamble, 1845-1847. William W. Holt, 1847-1849. Ebenezer Starnes, 1849-1853. Andrew T- Miller, 1853. William W. Holt. 1853-1864. James ?. Hook, 1864-1867. William Gibson. 1867-1870. H. D. D. Twiggs, 1870-1873. Herschel V. Tohnson. 1873-1880. R. W. Carswell. 1880-1886.

THE BENCH AND BAR OP GEORGIA.

297

James K. Hines, 1886-1890. Roger L. Gamble, Jr., 1891--.

WESTERN CIRCUIT.
Thomas P. Games, 1798-1803. John Griffin, 1803. Charles Tait, 1803-1809. Thomas P. Carnes, 1809-1813. Young Gresham, 1813-1816. John M. Dooly, 1816-1819. Augustin S. Clayton, 1819-1825. William H. Underwood, 1825-1828. Augustin S. Clayton, 1828-1831. Charles Dougherty, 1831-1837. James Jackson, 1849-1857. Nathan L. Hutchins, 1857-1868. C. D. Davies, 1868-1873. George D. Rice, 1873-1878. Alexander S. Envin, 1878-1882. N. L. Hutchins, 1882--.

OCMULGEE CIRCUIT.
Peter Early, 1807-1813. Stephen W. Harris, 1813-1816. Christopher B. Strong, 1816-1822. Augustus B. Longstreet, 1822-1825. Owen H. Kenan, 1825-1828. Eli S. Shorter, 1828. Thomas W. Cobb, 1828-1830. Lucius Q. C. Lamar, 1830-1834. John G. Polhill, 1834-1838. Adam G. Stafford, 1838. Edward Y. Hill, 1838-1841. Francis H. Cone, 1841-1845. William C. Dawson, 1845. James A. Meriwether, 1845-1849. Herschel V. Johnson, 1849-1853. Francis H. Cone, 1853. Robert V. Hardeman, 1853-1860. Iverson L. Harris, 1860-1865. Augustus Reese, 1865-1868. N. G. Foster, 1868. Philip B. Robinson, 1868-1873. George T. Bartlett, 1873-1878. Thomas G. Lawson, 1878-1886. William F. Jenkins, 1886-1894. John C. Hart, 1894--.
SOUTHERN CIRCUIT.
Thomas W. Harris, 1819-1824. Thaddeus G. Holt, 1824-1825.

298

MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

Moses Fort, 1825-1828. Thaddeus G. Holt, 1828-1831. Lott Warren, 1831-1834. James Polhill, 1834-1836.
Carleton B. Cole, 1836. Arthur A. Morgan, 1836-1837. Carieton B. 'Cole, 1837-1845. James L. Scarborough, 1845-1849. Augustin H. Hansell, 1849-1852. Peter E. Love, 1852-1859.
Augustin H. Hansell, 1859-1864. Peter E. Love, 1864. Augustin H. Hansell, 1864-1868. John R. Alexander. 1868-1873. Augustin H. Hansell, 1873--.

NORTHERN CIRCUIT.
William H. Crawford, 1827-1834. Garnett Andrews, 1834-1845. Nathan C. Sayre, 1845-1849. Eli H. Baxter, 1849-1853. William Gibson. 1853. Garnett Andrews, 1853-1855. Thomas W. Thomas, 1855-1856. James Thomas, 1856-1859. Thomas W. Thomas, 1859-1864. William M. Keese, 1864-1868. Garnett Andrews, 1868-1873. Edward H. Pottle, 1873-1884. Samuel Lumpkin, 1884-1890. Hamilton McWhorter, 1890-1894. Seaborn Reese, 1894--.

FJLIXT CIRCUIT.
Eli S. Shorter. 1822-1825. Charles J. McDonald, 1825-1828. Christopher B. Strong, 1828-1834. Angus M. D. King, 1834-1841. Edward D. Tracy. 1841-1845. John J. Floyd, 1845-1849. James H. Starke, 1849-1856. Gilbin J. Greene. 1856-1857. Eldridge G. Cabaniss, 1857-1861. J. I. Floyd. 1861-1865. Alexander M. Speer. 1865-1868. James W. Green, 1868-1873. John I. Hall. 1873-1878. Alexander M. Speer, 1878-1880. John D. Stewart, 1880-1886. James S. Hoynton, 1886-1893.

THE BENCH AND BAR OP GEORGIA.

299

J. J. Hunt, 1893-1894. Marcus W. Beck, 1894--.
CHATTAHOOCHEE CIRCUIT.
Walter T. Colquitt, 1826-1832. Grigsby E. Thomas, 1832-1835. Alfred Iverson, 1835-1837. Joseph Sturgis, 1837-1838. Marshall J. Wellborn, 1838-1842. Joseph Sturgis, 1842-1846. Robert B. Alexander, 1846-1849. Alfred Iverson, 1849-1853. Martin J. Crawford, 1853-1856. Edmund H. Worrill, 1856-1868. James Johnson, 1868-1875. Martin J. Crawford, 1875-1880. Edgar M. Butt, 1880. James L. Wimberly, 1880. James T. Willis, 1880-1887. James M. Smith, 1887-1890. John H. Martin, 1890-1892. W. B. Butt, 1892--.

CHEROKEE CIRCUIT.
John W. Hooper, 1832-1835. Owen H. Kenan, 1835-1838. Turner H. Trippe, 1838-1842. George D. Anderson, 1842-1843. John A. Jones. 1843. Augustus R. Wright, 1843-1849. John W. Hooper, 1849-1850. fohn H. Lumpkin, 1850-1853. Turner H. Trippe, 1853-1859. L. W. Crook, 1859-1860. Dawson A. Walker, 1860-1865. lames Millner, 1865-1868. Josiah R. Parrott, 1868-1872. C. D. McCutchen, 1872-1880. Joel C. Fain, 1880-1888. Samuel P. Maddox, 1888. Thomas W. Milner, 1888--.

COWETA CIRCUIT.
Hiram Warner, 1833-1840. William Ezzard, 1840-1844. Edward Y. Hill, 1844-1853. Obadiah Warner, 1853. Orville A. Bull, 1853-1864. Benjamin H. Bigham, 1864-1865. Hiram Warner, 1865-1867.

OO

MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

John Collier, 1867-1869. Hugh Buchanan, 1874-1880. F. M. Longley, 1880.
Sampson W. Harris, 1880--.

SOUTHWESTERN CIRCUIT.
William Taylor, 1840-1844. Lett Warren, 1844-1852. William Taylor, 1852-1853. Edwin R. Brown, 1853. William C. Perkins, 1853-1855. Alex. A. Alien, 1855-1863. Richard H. Clark, 1863-1866. David A. Yason, 1866-1870. James M. Clark, 1870-1877. Charles F. Crisp, 1877-1882. J. A. Ansley, 1882. Alien Fort, 1882-1891. W. H. Fish, 1891--.

MACON CIRCUIT.
Abner P. Powers, 1851-1858. Henry G. Lamar, 1858-1863. O. A. Lochrane. 1863-1865. Carleton B. Cole, 1865-1873. Barnard Hill, 1873-1877. W. L. Grice, 1877-1878. Thomas J. Simmons, 1878-1887. George W. Gustin, 1887-1890. A. L. Miller, 1890-1892. C. L. Bartlett, 1892-1894. J. L. Hardemann, 1894--.

BLUE RIDGE CIRCUIT.
David Irwin, 1851-1855. Joseph E. Brown, 1855-1857. George D. Rice, 1857-1865. David Irwin. 1865-1868. Noel B. Knight. 1868-1877. George N. Lester, 1877-1880. James R. Brown. 1880-1888. Will J. Winn, 1888-1889. George F. Gober. 1889--.

BRUNSWICK CIRCUIT.
Arthur E. Cochran. 1856-1859. W. M. Sessions, 1859-1861. Arthur E. Cochran. 1861-1865. W. M. Sessions. 1865-1874. John L. Harris. 1874-1879.

THE BENCH AND BAR OF GEORGIA.

301

Martin L. Mershon, 1879-1886. Courtland Symmes, 1886. Spencer R. Atkinson, 1886-1892. J. L. Sweat, 1892--

PATAULA CIRCUIT.
David J. Kiddoo, 1856-1860. W. C. Perkins, 1860-1863. John T. Clarke, 1863-1868. David B. Harrell, 1868-1873. William D. Kiddoo, 1873-1878. Arthur Hood, 1878-1883. John T. Clarke, 1883-1889. James H. Guerry, 1889-1893. James M. Griggs, 1893--

TALLAPOOSA CIRCUIT.
Dennis F. Hammond, 1856-1864. L. H. Featherston, 1864-1867. John W. H. Underwood, 1867-1869. John S. Bigby, 1869-1871. William F. Wright, 1871-1872. Hugh Buchanan, 1872-1874.

ATLANTA CIRCUIT.
John D. Pope, 1860-1870. O. A. Lochrane, 1870. John L. Hopkins, 1870-1876. Cincinnatus Peeples, 1876-1877. George Hillyer, 1877-1882. W. R. Hammond, 1882-1885. Marshall J. Clarke, 1885-1893. J. H. Lumpkin, 1893--

ROME CIRCUIT.

F. A. Kirby, 1869-1870. Robert D. Harvey, 1870-1873. John W. H. Underwood, 1873-1882. Joel Branham, 1882-1886. John W. Maddox, 1886-1892.
W. M. Henry, 1892-1894. Walter T. Turnbull, 1894--

ALBANY CIRCUIT.

Peter J. Strozier, 1870-1875. Gilbert J. Wright, 1875-1880. William O. Fleming, 1880-1881.
L. D. D. Warren, 1881-1882.

302

MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

C. B. Wooten, 1882. B. B. Bower, 1882--

ALLAPAHA CIRCUIT.
J. W. O'Xeal, 1870-1871.

AUGUSTA CIRCUIT.
William Gibson, 1870-1878. Claiborne Snead, 1878-1882. Henry C. Roney, 1882-1894. E. H. Calloway, 1894--

OCONEE CIRCUIT.
A. C. Pate, 1871-1884. Charles C. Kibbee, 1884-1888. David M. Roberts, 1888--

NORTHEASTERN CIRCUIT.
Carleton J. Wellborn, 1881-1882. John B. Estes, 1882-1886. Carleton J. Wellborn, 1886-1894 J. L. Kimsey, 1894--

STONE MOUNTAIN CIRCUIT. Richard H. Clark, 1885--

TALLAPOOSA CIRCUIT.
Charles G. Jones, 1890--

MISCELLANEOUS SKETCHES.
M J. HAMMOND. One of the most eminent of the members of the legal * profession in Georgia, if not in the south, is Nathaniel J. Hammond of
Atlanta. No one outranks him; and his superior ability is cheerfully conceded by his compeers. Disdaining to use the usual methods he has nevertheless steadily advanced step by step to the pre-eminent position he now holds pro fessionally and as a legislator. Mr. Hammond was born in Elbert county, Ga., Dec. 26, 1833. While he was yet young his father, Amos W. Hammond, who was a lawyer, removed to Monroe county, Ga., where Mr. Hammond received his primary and preparatory education. In January, 1850, he entered the university of Georgia--then Franklin college--from which he was graduated in 1852. The year following he was admitted to the bar and commenced the practice. A year or two later his father and himself came to Atlanta and estab lished the law firm of A. W. Hammond & Son. The firm at once took a leading position, secured a large and influential clientage, and became special counsel for the Southern Express company and other strong corporations. In 1861 Mr. Hammond was appointed solicitor-general of the circuit, and held the office until 1865. In 1867 he was appointed reporter for the supreme court of Georgia, retaining the office until 1872, when he was elected attorney-general of the state, and was re-elected for successive terms until 1877. 1 l &73 ne was made a member of the committee of forty-nine of the citizens of Atlanta, who formulated the present charter of the city, which was passed by the general assembly, and received the signature of the governor Feb. 28, 1874. In 1865 he was elected a member of the constitutional convention held that year, and again as a member of the constitutional convention held in 1877. In this last convention he was a member of the judiciary committee; and it is no disparagement to any other member of that body to say that, both as a member of that committee, and of the convention, no member did more faithful work, or was more potentially influential in framing that constitution. That same year, 1877, he was elected to the Forty-sixth congress, and re-elected to the Forty-seventh and Forty-eighth, during which he secured the establishing of Atlanta as a port of entry, and an appropriation for building the custom house and postoffice. Among other im portant committees he was placed on the committee on judiciary, having the distinction of holding second place--ranking next to the chairman. Since his retirement from congress Mr. Hammond has held no political position but has sedulously applied himself to the practice of his profession. For many years there have been but few very important cases before the superior and supreme courts of Georgia, or district and circuit courts of the United States, in which Mr. Hammond has not represented one side or the other. He stands unexcelled as to skillfulness of management, unsurpassed as to knowledge of law and precedent, and in general success; and is equally powerful before a jury and the bench. A well-known popular writer has said of him that "he is a bom lawyer; that he has an incisive mind that goes to the core of any legal question or case that he has in hand." And Judge Warner is credited with saying that "for wonderful quickness of mind he was the only match for the illustrious Ben. H. Hill." Regardful always of selfrespect he never forgets the respect due to others. The membership of the

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Georgia bar does not include one who is a sounder or a profounder constitutional lawyer than Nathaniel J. Hammond; and his pre-eminence in this important branch of his profession was distinctly recognized when he was placed second
on the judiciary committee when he was in congress. In addition to a large and influential general clientage, he is special attorney for the Atlanta & West Point and Central railways and other wealthy corporations. He is also specially em
ployed under appointment by President Cleveland to represent the United 'States in the interstate commerce cases now pending in the United States supreme court
Mr. Hammond has filled many and important public offices; steadily moving upward until he reached congress--every time transferred to a higher position. Too self-respectful to indulge in an unseemly rivalry for office, yet laudably ambitious, he has willingly accepted and ably filled every office his appreciative fellow-citizens have seen fit to bestow. His eminent mental and legal qualifica
tions, and the absolute purity of his private life and public character, would proudly sustain the traditional purity, ability and dignity of the supreme court of the United States. Mr. Hammond was married in 1858 to Miss Laura Lewis,
a happy union which has been blessed with seven children, six daughters and a son, who is the able partner of his father in the practice of his profession. Mr.. Hammond is a valued member of the First Methodist Episcopal church, south, and is chairman of the board of stewards. He is also a member and chairman of the board of trustees of the university of Georgia.

RIDGELY LEAKIN, a prominent attorney-at-law of Savannah,
Ga., was born in the city of Baltimore, Md., on Feb. 13, 1859. Te Leakins are of Irish and English descent. The great-grandfathers of William R. Leakin served in the colonial army during the war of the revolution. His paternal grand father, Gen. Sheppard Church Leakin of Maryland, was an officer in the war of 1812, and was present actively at the bombardment of Fort McHenry. Rev. George A. Leakin, D. D., son of Gen. Sheppard Church Leakin and father of William R. Leakin, was born in the state of Maryland in 1817. He was named after Gen. George Armstead, with whom Gen. Leakin was associated at Fort McHenry. He was for forty-eight years the rector of Trinity church, Baltimore, and is the author of several valuable books of a scientific and religious character, one of which, The Law of Periodicity, is known the world over. William Ridgely Leakin was reared and received his earlier education in the city of Baltimore, and in 1876 entered Trinity college, Hartford, Conn., from which institution he was graduated in July, 1880, with the degree of P.. A. and subsequently received the degree Master of Arts from his alma mater. Soon after his graduation he removed to Albany. Ga.. and tutored there for two years, studying law the while, and the fall of 1882 came to Savannah and completed his law studies in the office of Chisholm & Erwin. being admitted to the bar in June, 1883. For seven years after admission to practice he was connected with Messrs. Chisholm & Erwin, but has since pursued his profession alone. Among the members of the Savannah bar noted for its unusual strength, he sustains a most desirable rank, and any discus sion here as to his legal ability would be a work of supererogation. He is a member of the American liar association, the Georgia Bar association, Georgia Historical association, and is judge advocate of the First battalion of infantry, Georgia volunteers. Mr. Leakin is also connected with the Savannah board of trade, is a pay member of the time-honored Chatham artillery, and a member of the Commercial club, Savannah Yacht club, the Oglethorpe club and Greenwich Park club. Among the fraternal and benevolent orders he is a member of the Hibernian society, the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks, and is a Knight

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Templar Mason. He is also identified with Sons of the Revolution of Georgia, having served as delegate to the national convention of that organization. He is and has been a delegate from the Georgia association to the American Bar asso ciation. He is a member of the Christ church (Episcopal) of Savannah, and has been a delegate to the diocesan convention of Georgia. He is also a director of the Y. M. C. A. at Savannah. He is a member of various social organizations. He married Miss Ruth Stewart, a well-known leader of Savannah society, the daughter
of Maj. James T. Stewart

JUDGE RICHARD H. CLARKE has occupied a very conspicuous place among
the people of Georgia for fifty years. Commencing public life at a very early age he has constantly been before the public and under all circumstances has had the confidence and admiration of his fellow-men. After a literary education he studied law and was admitted to the practice of a profession in which he has won distinction on the floor of the courtroom as an advocate and on the bench as a judge. He appeared in political life in 1849 as a state senator when George W. Towns was governor and at a time of very considerable political excitement He was about the youngest of a very distinguished number of Georgians in the legislature, among whom were Charles J. Jenkins, Andrew J. Miller, Thomas C. Howard, Joseph E. Brown, Lucius J. Gartrell, David J. Bailey, and Lenton Stephens. It was in this legislature that a warm debate occurred over certain resolutions concerning the relations between the states of the south and the Union. The following resolution was at last passed with very few dissenting votes, viz.: "Resolved, That the people of Georgia entertain an ardent feeling of devotion to
the Union of these states and that nothing short of a persistence in the present system of encroachment upon our rights by the non-slaveholding states can induce us to contemplate the possibility of a dissolution." Another famous measure was
the woman's bill introduced by Andrew J. Miller, whose object was to secure the property of married women from being seized to pay the debts of the husband. Judge Clarke proposed to submit the bill to a vote of the people of the state in the election for governor for 1851, but his proposition failed by a small majority. The same legislature elected McDonald, McAllister, Dougherty and Law to a southern states' convention which afterward met in Nashville. In all the debates upon the questions of that memorable legislature Judge Clarke took an influential part. One of the most exciting events in the political history of the state occurred in 1857, when the democratic convention wrangled for days over the nominee for
the office of governor. Judge Clarke was a conspicuous member of that body, being on the committee of compromise which settled the disagreement by the nomination of Joseph E. Brown, and supported the report of the committee by an admirable speech in eulogy of the ability of the nominee, who was then very little
known throughout the state. In 1858 the southern commercial convention met in Montgomery, Ala. It was a very large body, composed of delegates from all southern states and assembled to discuss the material interests of the south. Gov. Brown appointed Judge Clarke a member of the body, together with
st-ch men as George U. Crawford, B. H. Hill, Joel Crawford, F. S. Bartow, A. H. Colquitt and H. V. M. Miller. A few years later he was selected with Thomas R. R. Cobb to codify the laws of Georgia and the work was rapidly and admirably done. The committee appointed to examine it reported favorably and it was adopted in 1860. Judge Clarke was also a member of the Georgia convention which passed the ordinance of secession Jan. 19, rS6r, and did a very fine service for the state in the reconstruction period as counsel against the illegal efforts made to control the legislature of the state. In all his subsequent life he has adorned the legal profession, and as judge of the superior court for many vears has enioved
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the confidence of the bar and the people. While he has devoted his energies
chiefly to his profession he has also enriched his own mind by wide reading in general literature. Perhaps no man in the state has a more general and accurate knowledge of the history of Georgia. His many sketches of public men and
events as published in the papers simply show how extensive is his acquaintance with the course of public affairs for many years. As a courtly gentleman he is unsurpassed. Genial, hospitable, full of good humor and a ready conversation
alist he is at all tunes most welcome whenever any gathering of friends takes
place. Still in fine health, mature in intellect and with large legal learning, his place on the bench is well filled and he will be remembered in Georgia as one of its ablest and purest judges.

W. GUSTIN, one of the most prominent members of the Macoii bar, was born near Morristown, N. ]., Jan. 29, 1846. At the age of three years he was taken by his parents to Newark, in the same state, and there the family resided until he was fourteen years of age. He gained his rudimentary education in the Newark schools and in his fifteenth year his father and mother went to Florida. They chose Fernandina as their city of residence and remained there two years, then came to Macon in 1862, where Mr. Gustin continued to live since that time. Four years later he entered the Lumpkin law school at Athens, Ga.,
graduating the same year. He then located in Macon and for the remainder of his life practiced his profession in that city. In March, 1864, Mr. Gustin answered the call to arms and entered the Confederate service, enlisting in Company E, Phillips' legion of cavalry, then known as the Bibb cavalry, and served until the surrender, in North Carolina, under Hampton and Butler. Having attained prominent standing in his profession he was, in 1882, elected to the state senate and during the session of 1882-83 was chairman of the special judiciary com mittee and member of the committees on railroads, lunatic asylum and general judiciary. In 1884 he was elected to the lower branch of the Georgia state legislature and again took a prominent part in the deliberations of that body, being appointed chairman of the committee on banks and member of the committees on general judiciary, railroads, privileges, elections and penitentiary. Two years after his last service in the state legislature he was elected judge of the superior court, Macon circuit, to fill the unexpired term of Judge T. J. Simmons, who had been elected to the supreme court of the state and whose term would have expired Jan. i, 1891. Mr. Gustin, however, resigned his seat on the bench one year before that time and resumed his private practice, in which he was remark ably successful, having carried to a victorious verdict many celebrated causes before the supreme and lower courts. For many years he was a member of the board of education in Macon, taking great interest in all matters pertaining to the amelioration of scholastic systems and giving his services freely in furtherance of all improvements in this connection. He affiliated with the Episcopalian church. In the island of Jersey the Gustin family had its inception, the emigrant ancestor forsaking that isle for a new home in America. Mr. Gustin's father was Samuel I. Gustin, a native of New Jersey, who removed as above related to Florida and later to Georgia, where he served in the home guards during the late war, participating in a skirmish at Macon in 1864. He was a planter and manufacturer and died in 1881 at the age of sixty-six years. The unexpected death of Judge Gustin early in this year was a great shock to his many warm friends, who admired Km not only for his eminent abilities, but also for his sterling character and moral
uprightness.

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307

JOHN TEMPLE GRAVES was born in Willington district, Abbeville Co., S. C., Nov. 9, 1856. He graduated from the university of Georgia, August, 1875,
and married flattie Gardner Simpson, of Hancock county, Ga., April 17, 1878.
He was editor of the "Daily Florida Union" and "Daily Florida Herald," Jack sonville, 1882-1887, was elector-at-large of Florida democratic ticket in 1884; led ballot of the state; removed to Georgia in 1887, was editor-in-chief of the Atlanta "Journal" in 1887, editor and manager "Tribune," of Rome, Ga., in 1888, elector-
at-large of the democratic ticket in 1888, led ballot of the state, and was orator of "Southern society, Xew York, 1889. His second wife was Annie E. Cothran, of Rome, Ga., 1890. He was memorial orator over Henry W. Grady, 1889; orator Xew England society, Philadelphia, 1890; orator Xew England society of Bos ton, 1893, and again 1894; orator world's congress of journalists, Chicago expo sition, 1894; orator world's congress of dentists. 1894; orator and campaign speaker on urgent special request of President Cleveland and Senator Hill in Xew York during the presidential campaign, 1892; orator at opening of woman's department, world's fair, Atlanta, 1895; orator university of Virginia, 1894, and orator Merchants' club, Boston, 1895. From 1892 to date he has held a foremost place on American platform, with securely established national fame as reformer, orator and apostle of the Xew South. Perhaps no American of this generation has enjoyed so early in life, and in such sustained connection, so many and such
dazzling triumphs of eloquence as the subject of this sketch. The nephew of John C. Calhoun, his grandfather the patron and benefactor of McDuffie, and the intimate of Hayne, Preston and Legare, he was born in an atmosphere of eloquence and statesmanship. When Henry \V. Grady died in the meridian of
his brilliant and fortunate life it was remarkable to observe the unanimity with which the press and people of the north and south turned with expectancy to John
Temple Graves, then quietly editing the "Daily Tribune,'' of Rome, Ga. Cp to that period his growth had been gradual, but out of the nation's bereaved hour his name flamed up immediately into fame, and was soon on even.- lip. Since that period his career has been a succession of triumphal marches thar have landed him, at the age of thirty-eight, upon the pinnacle of a national fame as the south's representative orator and one of the most eloquent of living Americans. With a brilliant reputation for college oratory. Graves began life as a teacher in the
public schools of West Point and La Grange, making, during this time, two memorial speeches over Confederate graves, which attracted much attention. The routine life of the school room was irksome to his eager ambition and lie sought
more congenial employment. About this time the sensational contest between Joseph E. Brown and Gen. A. R. Lawton convulsed the state, and the young orator and journalist caught its graphic points in a ringing article that went into Avery's History of Georgia as the "finest bit of descriptive writing of that decade." From this he blossomed easily into newspaper life and went to Florida, where he rose rapidly from reporter to be managing' editor of the "I'nioii,'' the only daily in the state. He afterward established the "Daily Herald,'' which became the leading factor in Florida politics, and its editor, with one exception, the most distinguished man in the state, at twenty-nine. He engaged actively in three political campaigns in Florida and swept the hustings with his eloquence like a
prairie fire. The chronicles of 1882 to 1887 in that state speak of his campaign speeches as without a parallel in the history of Florida. It was a common thing for his enthusiastic audiences to carry him on their shoulders from the public platform, and in many instances the horses were unhitched from his carriage and he was drawn by leading citizens through crowded streets amid shouting multi tudes, pelting him with flowers and adulation. And all this not as a candidate--

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for he always ignored and declined office--but simply as a spontaneous tribute
to an eloquence which Henry Grady declared the most phenomenal he had ever
listened to. After having led the democrat electoral ticket in Florida in 1884 the health of the journalist-orator and that of his wife failed in the Florida climate and he returned to Georgia. He was immediately offered and accepted the edi torship-in-chief of the reorganized "Atlanta Journal" in 1887. But the desire for
absolute freedom and independence of utterance led him to resign this responsi ble position, and its brilliant prospects, and to accept the editorship and control
of the "Tribune," of Rome, which was established under him and recorded three phenomenally brilliant and successful years under his management, until he voluntarily resigned the editorship in loyalty to a political conviction which dif
fered from the views and interests of all its other owners. During this period, and v.-jthin a year after his return to Georgia, Graves was chosen without an effort to lead the democratic electoral ticket of Georgia in 1888, and thus presented the
only instance in the political history of the south of a young man, under thirty-two,
who had in two successive presidential campaigns, been chosen as democratic elector-at-large in two great states, and led the ballot in both of them. About this time Henry Grady died. Graves and Grady had been bosom friends, and the for
mer has a letter from the latter saying that no man ever understood him as did the friend who survived him, and was destined to complete his work. Grady told a dozen men that Graves was the only man who could take his place if he should
die, and in this judgment the world instinctively agreed. Graves' oration over Grady's dead body has gone into all languages, been published in all countries, is spoken to-day by American youths in all the great American colleges, and is fixed in literature as one of the few classics of American oratory. One sentence of this oration, "And when he died he was literally loving a nation into peace,"
is graven upon Grady's monument in Atlanta and will live as long as the life it commemorates. From the day of the Grady memorial John Temple Graves was
in demand all over the country. Every platform was open to him. He could choose his audience anywhere in the republic, and in the measure of his strength
he met the obligations of his genius and opportunity. He thrilled New York with a matchless oration on Feb. 22, 1890. In December of the same year the
New England society of Philadelphia gave him a wonderful ovation, along with Gov. McKinley, of Ohio, and President Harrison. In 1892 his campaign speech in New York won him the laurels of the national canvass and the cordial thanks
of the national committee, and an especially cordial letter from Mr. Cleveland thanking the southern orator for "the unparalleled enthusiasm he had created in the president's home town"--Buffalo. In 1893 the New England club of
Boston gave Mr. Graves an especial dinner, at which the journalists of New England were invited to meet him, and here Mr. Graves made, without notes or preparation, a speech which the Boston papers declared equal if it did not surpass
the best thing Grady ever did. The same club invited him back in 1894, when he repeated the triumph of the year before, and as this volume goes to press, south
ern expectation is on tip toe over his speech to be made Oct 17 before the Mer chants' club of Boston, where Grady made his last address. Three times called to Boston in three successive years. Not many men have had this honor. The -magnates of the great Chicago world's fair invited Mr. Graves to make the ora tion before the world's congress of journalists, representing the south. The
Avorld's dentists chose him also as their orator, and for all the years since 1890 Tie has had the refusal of the commencement platform of the great colleges and
universities of the country. Since 1893 he has been a leading and brilliant figure of the American lyceum, discussing on all the great platforms of the country the

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309

leading social and political questions of the time, and making his famous lecture, The Reign of the Demagogue, and Uncle Tom's Lost Cabin, so vital that states men and educators have called the two orations distinct and vital moral forces in American politics. In every oration or speech that has fallen from his lips there breathed patriotism, fraternity, truth and sincerity. Like his great kinsman, his eloquence was logic on fire. Of all the achievements of Air. Graves' life he himself takes most pride in the Georgia state campaign of 1894, where on the issue which he had raised of clean politics and a pure judiciary, he fought single-handed on the stump and in the columns of the press and reduced the old partisan majority of 70,000 to one of 20,000 by the issue he had precipitated. In this campaign Mr. Graves' three letters to the "Constitution" stirred the state like bugle blasts. They will go down in Georgia's history alongside of Ben Hill's Xotes on the Situation and have had a distinct and powerful effect upon subsequent politics in the state. They are preserved in thousands of scrap books throughout the country. In summing up the life and achievements of John Temple Graves it may be well to know his own estimate of his motives and powers. "I have never felt that I was greater than others," said he. "I believe the merit of all my work is in its sin cerity. I have never in one conscious moment of my public life said one word
that I did not believe to be true. I have never with pen or tongue championed an unworthy cause. I have never used position, power or opportunity to gratify a private grudge or to prosecute a private gain. I have loved my country, loved humanity and reverenced God, and in the greater honors than I have deserved, which have come to me so lavishly, I have always felt the pain of my own unworthiness, and offered to myself and to the world no other explanation than I was sincere." In this statement his contemporaries concur. It is also well in this summary to record what the ripest thinkers and observers of his time have said of this truly remarkable Georgian. For all that may have seemed extrava gant or overdrawn in any line of the foregoing sketch the impartial reader will find abundant justification in the voluntary and judicial estimate which the really great men of the country have placed upon the genius of this brilliant and accom plished orator. These are the comments in brief:
"John Temple Graves is the most eloquent southerner of to-day."--Henry Watterson.
"He has the most phenomenal eloquence I ever heard."--Henry \V. Grady. "He is a born orator if one ever came into the world."--Boston Globe. "He surpasses Ingersoll in rhetoric and delivery."--Robert Irwin Fulton. "He is the most brilliant and statesmanlike orator heard in New York in years."--Grover Cleveland.
"John Temple Graves may be called the successor of Henry W. Grady." --"Public Opinion."
"Most finished orator I have heard in years. He should have been chosen to speak for the south at the \Yashington centennial.7'--Abram S. Hewitt.
"In John Temple Graves I have heard Henry Grady surpassed."--David B.
Hill. "Graves' 'Grady Memorial' oration is the finest piece of eloquence, written or
spoken, within my knowledge."--Gen. John B. Gordon. "I never heard a more remarkable oration than 'The Reign of the Dema
gogue,' by John Temple Graves."--Bishop John \Y. Beckwith.
"Graves' 'Grady Memorial' is the finest speech in the English language. It is simply a miracle of oratory."--Cassius Merrill.
"His speech is a mosaic of eloquence."--Thomas Nelson Page. "He has the finest gift of eloquence I ever heard."--Benjamin H. Hill.

MEMOIRS OP GEORGIA.
Surely upon the foundation of words like these it is not too much to say that John Temple Graves was indeed the orator of his time. Better than that, history will accord him the merited title of patriot and statesman.
QHARLES X. WEST of Savannah, Ga., was born in Georgia Aug. 31, 1844. His family were always identified with the coast of Georgia, Charles West, his
great-great-grandfather, having removed from Charleston, S. C., to Liberty County, Ga., in 1754. His own father was Dr. Charles W. West of Savannah, and his mother, Eliza Whitehead, the daughter of Judge John Whitehead of Burke county. He entered Princeton college in 1859, but was called home after the election of Mr. Lincoln to the presidency. He then went to the university of Georgia for a few months until the opening of the war. He entered the Savannah volunteer guards as a private in 1861, and served with them "until 1863, when he was detailed for the signal service, and remained in that service until the end of the war. He then taught school and studied law. He was admitted at Columbia county superior court in 1867. He commenced the practice of the law in Savan nah in 1869, and shortly afterward married Mary C. Cheves, daughter of the late Langdon Cheves of South Carolina. He received the honorary degree of Master of Arts from Princeton college in 1874. He moved to Baltimore in the spring of 1877, where he practiced law, and became a member of the leading firm of Marshall, Fisher & West His health requiring a milder climate he returned to Savannah, Ga., in 1883. He is the author of the sketches of Sidney Lanier and William Harris Crawford. He is a zealous and efficient member of the Georgia Historical society, and is a successful and competent attorney well fitted and endowed as a historian arid jurist.
D. CRAWFORD, judge of the County court, Buena Vista, Marion Co., Ga., ' son of Samuel H. and Sarah J. (Dunham) Crawford, was born in Marion county in 1859. His paternal grandparents were members of old Georgia families. His grandfather, William Crawford, was a farmer, owned quite a number oi slaves, and, late in life, removed to Alabama. He was a soldier in the Indian war of 1836. Mr. Crawford's father read law under Judge (ex-congressman) Hugh Buchanan, at Newnan, Ga., and entered upon the practice at Tazevvell, but moved to Buena Vista when it was made the county seat, and continued his practice there. For a number of years he was clerk of the inferior court, and was at one time law partner of ex-Associate Justice of the Supreme court, Mark H. Blanford--now of Columbus, Ga. He enlisted in the late war, and died at his home from the result of a wound received at Griswoldville, Ga., near its close. His maternal grandparents were William and Elizabeth (Harris) Dunham. Mr. Dunham was born in South Carolina, was a large slave owner, came to Georgia and settled en a rice plantation in Liberty county, where he reared fourteen children to maturity. He was a descendant of one of the Pilgrims who landed at Plymouth Rock, Dec. 22, 1620. Mr. Crawford was reared in Buena Vista, where he received a good common school education. On completing that he read law under Maj. E. W. Miller, and was admitted to the bar in 1887. He gained a good practice at once, but he is now judge of the County court. He was president of the board of commissioners for a number of years, and mayor of the city three terms, conclrsive evidence of his ability and popularity. In 1891 Mr. Crawford was married to Miss Callie Miller--born in Marion county in 1867--daughter of Major E. W. and Sallie (Jones) Miller. Major Miller was born in Warren county, Ga., moved to Marion county early in life and practiced law many years. He was the first ordinary of Marion county and has represented the county in the general assembly.

MISCELLANEOUS SKETCHES.
He was a soldier in the Confederate army, and was by the side of Mr. Crawford's father when he was shot down at Griswoldville. Mrs. Crawford is a member of the Baptist church.
JESSE EDWARD MERCER was born in Webster county, Ga., Oct. 30, 1860, and is the son of William H. Mercer, a prominent farmer of that county. He
was given a common school education, and when quite a youth took service with his uncle, Capt Philip E. Boyd, an extensive merchant and farmer of Leary, Ga. He was editor of the "Calhoun County Courier" for several years; at the same time was county surveyor at the age of twenty-one, and also conducted a lumber mill. He then sold his newspaper and milling interests and entered the mercantile busi ness, which he subsequently disposed of and became the agent of the Central railroad at Leary, as well as the agent of the Southern Express company, and at the same time held the office of postmaster. Mr. Mercer came very near securing an appointment at West Point Military academy, and during his career as a journalist narrowly missed a duel with H. M. Mclntosh of the "Albany News and Advertiser" over the public printing of Baker county. He represented his county in the first road congress held in the state. He is now serving a term in the state senate from the Ninth district, and at the same time is deputy revenue collector, with headquarters at Brunswick. In the senate he is chairman of the public road committee, and brought himself into considerable prominence by introducing a bill for the employment of the convict force of the state on the public roads and in swamp drainage. Mr. Mercer was married Nov. 25,1885, to Miss Dora Colley, daughter of Judge John Colley, one of the pioneers of Calhoun county. She has borne him six children, only one of which is living. Mr. Mercer is a master Mason. He is what may be correctly called a self-made man, full of energy, selfassertive, possessing a large fund of general information secured by assiduous application, which demonstrates itself in both his writings and his conversation. Being but thirty-five, with all of his energies well in hand, the public will learn to know Mr. .Mercer better as he grows older. He is, indeed, a rising man.
A LEXANDER PRATT ADAMS was born in Savannah, Ga., Feb. 20, 1852. He received his academic education in the schools of Savannah, and was pre
ps red to enter college by the late William S. Bogart. He entered the University of Georgia in the Sophomore class in September, 1866, in the class of which three other distinguished Georgians, Judge Emory Speer, William R. Hammond and Howard Van Epps, were members. In the fall of 1869 he commenced the study of the law in the office of the distinguished jurist, Thomas E. Lloyd, and was admitted to the bar of the Superior court of Chatham county on February 26, 1870, and opened an office immediately in Savannah. In the year of 1876 he and his brother, Samuel B. Adams, formed a partnership for the practice of law, which continued till the year 1882, when, on the resignation by Judge Tompkins of the judgeship of the Eastern circuit, Mr. Adams was elected, and on November 10 qualified to fill the unexpired term. He was re-elected to that office and held it until he resigned on May I, 1889, when he at once became a member of the law firm of Denmark & Adams of this city, and so remained until his death on Sept. 25, 1892. This brief sketch epitomizes the short career of our distinguished and lamented brother. Two decades ushered him upon his active life, and two more decades brought that life of action, usefulness, honor and renown to its close. It may be safely asserted that his achievements lay within the limits of the last twelve years of his brief career. He was a. youth of note. In the academy in Savannah his rank was the highest. He was classed as a fine debater at the age of fourteen, and when only sixteen years old he had acquired such a reputation as

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a debater that he was elected by a very large majority of the members of the Kappa society (a literary society in the University of Georgia) as its anniversarian orator.
He was then in the junior class in that university. He was, no doubt, one of the many young men who, during their college course, are looking over and beyond the curriculum and campus into the broader fields of action and knowledge, where first honors are not the rewards of memory and rote and ribbon parchment. Speaking
in a dead language is never received as proof of intellect or manhood. His brilliant career as lawyer and judge assures us that, when a collegian, he had chosen his field of future conflict and was then forging weapons fit for victory. Passing over
the short period during which Mr. Adams practiced law before his elevation to the bench we will briefly comment upon him as a judge. Considering his age (being
but thirty- years old when he assumed the ermine), we can say--with the assurance, we believe, of all who practiced law in this court--that no one of his predecessors
was his superior as a judge. He combined quickness of apprehension with breadth of comprehension; seventy of logic with strong and heiptul imagination; clearness oi perception with accuracy of expression; a lull vocabulary with verbal
eclecticism; patience with dignity, and urbanity with discipline. Ruling in perfect
naaster\- over all these powers and aids was a noble sense of justice, tempered by mercy and directed by judicial wisdom. If we were to name any one characteristic
as the chief one of all the mental and moral powers of Judge Adams we would call
it earnestness. It was the flame of his oratory, and by it he conquered, it was visible in all his actions and audible in every utterance, whether in his most im
passioned eloquence, or the gentle flow of social conversation. With this quality of soul, with a round, melodious voice, a mastery of language strong and appro priate, a bold yet chastened imagination, a strength of logic which gave to a simple statement of a proposition the force of a demonstration, he ranked among the fore
most orators, whether on the hustings, or in the forum as an advocate. Even
his charges to the grand and petit juries were often eloquent and always models of diction. But so far we have only looked upon the moral and intellectual man.
There was another and a higher and sweeter life. Judge Adams died at the age of
forty years. He had about reached the crest of the hill. In his upward course he had gathered honors, reaped rich rewards, listened to the plaudits of those below, so sweet to young ambition; he had reared his head above the clouds where
vaulting youth fondly dreams eternal sunshine settles to remain. Having reached the contemplative period in life, he looked down and backward, and then down
and forward, and he realized that, as he advanced beyond the crest, his worldly
honors could be no prop to his feet, his intellectual lamp no light for his safety. Conscious of his weakness and dependence, he asked for divine aid. About a year before he became a member of the Independent Presbyterian church of this city, be led to the altar Miss Sarah Olmstead of Savannah. And we think it not out of
place to say that this judicious step changed the current of a moral into a devotedly
active Christian life. That earnestness of soul which was his strong characteristic, kindled into a brighter flame in the Christian, and illuminated every step he took until his mortal became immortal. Those who knew him best after his spiritual change unanimously bear witness to his absolute submission to the divine will, and his abiding faith that death is but the gate to immortal life.

UENRY HOLCOMEE TUCKER, deceased, was a Baptist minister whose ancestors, on both the maternal and paternal sides, were of the best old Virginia
stock. His paternal grandfather, Isaiah Tucker, was born in Amherst county Va.,
about the year 1761, but moved to Georgia in early life and settled in Warren county where he married Miss Sarah Gibson. He was a man of classical attain ments and literary tastes. His eldest son, Germain Tucker, the father of Henry

K'KV. NH.II.II.TrrivKlt.

MISGELLANKOUS SKETCHES.

313

Holcombe Tucker, was born in 1794 and died when twenty-seven years of age, leaving two children, one of whom soon died. Dr. H. H. Tucker was therefore the only representative of the family. His maternal grandfather, Rev. Henry Holcombe, D. D., was also a native of Virginia. Dr. Tucker's father was the son of a wealthy planter, and dying at an early age little is known of him except that he was a man of culture and elegant address. Dr. Tucker's mother was trances
Henrietta, fifth child of Henry Holcombe, D. D. She afterward became Mrs. Hoff and spent many years of her life in Philadelphia, but died in Atlanta, Ga.,
on April 14, 1877. Henry Holcombe Tucker was born May 10, 1819, in Warren county, Georgia, near the place now called Camak. When he was a mere child
Iiis mother removed to Philadelphia, which was his home until he was grown. In his sixteenth year he made a profession of religion and was baptized by Dr. William T. Brandy, Sr., in the Delaware river. He received his education at an
institution founded by Benjamin Franklin--the academic department of the University of Pennsylvania. Having gone through a marvelous amount of most exacting drill in Latin and Greek, he entered the university as freshman in 1834, and remained until senior half-advanced, when, desiring to spend some time in Washington city, he left the university and entered the senior class in Columbian
college, District of Columbia, where he was graduated A. B. in 1838. While at this institution he spent much time in the senate chamber of the United States
witnessing the contests of those giants, Clay, Calhoun, Webster and others who were at that time leaders in political life. From 1839 to 1842 he engaged in
mercantile business in Charleston, S. C., and then studied law until 1846, when he was admitted to the bar in Forsyth, Monroe Co., Ga., and practiced his profession
until 1848. The knowledge of the practical business of life acquired by him during that decade remained with him ever afterward. While practicing law at
Forsyth, Ga., he married Miss Mary Catherine West, who died in less than one
year after. This severe blow drove the heart-broken mourner to the Bible for comfort, and he became convinced that he ought to preach the gospel. He immediately decided to enter the ministry, sold his law books and, after receiving
license from the Forsyth church, repaired to Mercer university to obtain private instruction from the venerable Dr. John L. Dagg, then president of that institution. It was his intention to enter at once into the work of the ministry, but Providence
ordered otherwise. Great pressure was brought to bear to induce him to become
an educator and, reluctantly yielding, he taught for two or three years in the Southern Female college at La Grange, Ga., where he was ordained in 1851. In 1853 he was offered the presidency of Wake Forest college in North Carolina, but declined it, having previously accepted the pastorship of the Baptist church
in Alexandria, Va., on the duties of vyhich office he entered January I, 1854. While in Alexandria Dr. Tucker married Miss Sarah O. Stevens, his excellent
and accomplished widow. In 1856 he was elected professor of belles-lettres and metaphysics in Mercer university, which position he held until 1862, when the institution was in a measure broken up by the war. He became editor of the
Christian Index on Jan. I, 1866, but in July following resigned the position to
accept the presidency of Mercer university, to which he had been unanimously elected in April. It was during his administration that the university was moved
from Penfield to Macon, and he was one of the chief promoters of the removal. Resigning the presidency of the university in 1871, he went with his family to Europe and was absent fourteen months. While there he assisted in the formation of the Baptist church in Rome, and baptized a man in the river Tiber, probably
the first time such an event had occurred there in fourteen or fifteen centuries, or
perhaps since the days of the apostles. Dr. Tucker was elected chancellor of the University of Georgia in 1874, which position he retained until the summer of

314

MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

1878, when he became again the editor of the "Christian Index" in Atlanta, where
he resided till his death. He never abandoned the ministry, but preached con
stantly as occasion offered. Being extensively acquainted, he preached many times, north and south, in many of the cities and towns on the Atlantic coast, from Maine to Georgia, and also officiated during a large part of one winter in the American chapel in Paris, France. Dr. Tucker was opposed to secession, and
debated the issue publicly with some of the ablest speakers on the other side, but when the war broke out he promptly took sides with his own people and to the last co-operated heartily and zealously with the Confederates. One of the 6rst to foresee the salt famine, which afterward so seriously affected the Confederacy, he was the first to call public attention to it, traveling over the state at his own expense and in public speeches urging the people to enter upon the manufacture
of salt. For his zeal in this matter, strange to say, he was often ridiculed, yet he soon became the president of a large salt manufacturing company, which manu factured the article at the rate of two hundred barrels per day; and many of those who ridiculed his scheme were afterward glad to purchase the salt which he manufactured. Dr. Tucker was also, early in the war, the originator and founder of the Georgia Relief and Hospital association, which corresponded in its objects with the Northern Christian commission. The institution was very popular with all classes of the southern people; enormous contributions were made to its support and by its aid relief and comfort were carried to tens of thousands of sick and wounded, and dying soldiers. During the war small-pox prevailed in many portions of the country and vaccine virus was exceedingly scarce. Dr. Tucker always carried in his vest pocket a lancet and vaccine virus with which he vaccinated all--old and young, white and black--who would submit to the operation. Here again he met with ridicule, but those who appreciate the wisdom
and humanity of his work will respect and admire the man who thus braved ridicule for the public good. These facts and others that might be mentioned evince that his mind was of a decidedly practical turn. Dr. Tucker though a brilliant writer, who wrote much, published but little. About 1855 he published a series of letters on "Religious Liberty," addressed to a distinguished politician of this state, controverting an assertion of his in a public speech, that Romanists were the first to establish religious liberty on this continent Dr. Tucker denied that Romanists had ever established religious liberty, first or last, on this or on any other continent, and he affirmed that in the establishment of soul liberty Baptists were the pioneers of the world. The discussion excited much interest, was largely copied by the press all over the United States, and was finally published in pamphlet form for general circulation. He also published a number of sermons and pamphlets, one of the best of which is entitled. The Right and the Wrong Way of Raising Money for Religious and Benevolent Purposes, in which he demonstrates the mighty power of "littles." In 1868 Lippincott & Co. published for him a small volume with the unique title The Gospel in Enoch, full of interest ing and original ideas forcibly expressed. The striking feature of his writing is its
originality; yet his thoughts so commend themselves to the reader's judgment that one wonders why those things have not been said before. A sermon of his on baptism, published by the American Baptist Publication society in 1879, received unwonted encomiums for its novel, yet strong and incontrovertible presentation of Scripture truth. It will, in all likelihood, tincture appreciably the literature of tl:t> long future in regard to the subject of baptism. In 1884 the American Baptist Publication society published for him a volume of sermons entitled The Old
Theology Restated. His style of writing is clear, cogent, convincing and vigor ous, frequently brilliant, sometimes thrilling, but always so perspicuous that it cannot be misunderstood. As a preacher he was bold, original and eloquent, ever

MISCELLANEOUS SKETCHES.

315

proclaiming gospel truth. of his manner, the vigor of

He never failed his language, the

to rivet attention by the earnestness originality of his conceptions and the

conclusiveness of his logic. His aim was to convince the mind, yet he could

effectively reach the heart. He seemed more concerned about

was the

a forcible rather than a graceful speaker, thought which he presented than about

and the

faIdinrgmehcsaostnlilneiAngwtebhtahhitcietshleseh,axemwerahecroirtsiaemmyseaeiydnitibteie,sloontcrrauutttuheioreatnhlmlagyatangvfnereawecrseumifncuehlnw,ehbpxiuotcrsthaswoehsrhesdoidgnefraoleirrvaygteeeertrevsdiodhrieiatsntocgerHrisacecaoelfwsagaibseninllitiithkuyees.

as to occasion the prediction him from the stage.

that

nothing

but

the

power

of

religion

would

keep

tmcohofaeltnlnAhetegastelhfaopibrsoetseewtttaeoetcurrrhdtgaeoenrrrro,ed--adunnifdnaodttreelodlMwlgeiiicencthtriuctahaenhlerimDfpderrru.litorniTligcintuiiygpcclkhewhseeiasroshwfianadlacospugnamuiocsnsb,esieoouxnnrpcc.eebylrelieFotidtnree.wrathmpHeyroaoecncuhtgwniacgatiahsrlmeaodemfidnaliiloanehlgcieastictvicect.eiricaslineIaosnfnf,t

aahsweotmmveueielrr!oldrnisfnenetbasggaapen,trteaidlhis.etfeesundisWnnpe, yracpihilieontleushsclsmpsdeaaerisraensyhnsotg,eeefnwdtabmocrohoteeswefnnonataa.mhnstouedh,cIrnhcthadhaileigclsesyoihshofnietaenmevsednteruteddrlaosqaeefaturgmit,tiorihroeihneennee,ddho,awaaufnntalhmsddwseabalitnwfnyle-eeisrvstsnehoeitstncripsattdiaelhaseeiclenpdtkll,teeii.fnhshnesdiedmTheayneahefntteiwt,ordumwsanowsto,ucruaipuolnlloemkdostfhiaphatesirasvhiovnheemaeciagemibrphsrteieaietneaenysngsrt,;

bdbueutgt rienheeaennwotetahrsteariansiennhgsaeabnihtdueaclwulattsihviaantkegder.reataInnsdtoundedeindste. nhsHeiseheowwwanassnntohoitnwkmoirnusgchh.ipoeEfr vaoefsntbulodooegknicst,,,

bis favorite known only

study, he cultivated not so much by books as by ways to himself. He denied being learned, yet he was a fine

scholar and possessed a large fund of general as well as professional knowledge.

The degree of D. D. was conferred on him by degree of LL. D. by Mercer university in 1876.

his

alma

mater in

1860, and

the

He

At the time of his death he was died in Atlanta, Sept. 9, 1889,

proprietor and editor of "The from the effects of a fall.

Christian

Index."

)R. KINGMAN PORTER MOORE, a prominent physician of Macon, Ga.,

son of David H. and Susan (Galloway) Moore, was born in Monroe county,

Ga., May 6, 1844. His father was a Baptist minister of much native power, and,

as one of the pioneers in the early settlement of 'the eastern portion of Monroe

county, did great work for the cause of religion and morality. His mother

was Susan Galloway, daughter of Edward Galloway, also one of the early settlers

of Monroe county, and a man of large influence and business capacity, who accu

mulated a large fortune and at one time represented his county in the general

assembly. She was a woman possessed of an unusual amount of practical com

mon sense and business qualities, to be. Dr. Moore was born near with his father's family to Forsyth

and yet as gentle and amiable as it is possible Bolingbroke, in Monroe county, but removed when about ten years of age, and it was here

that his
schools school,

preliminary education was begun. After one or two years 5n the he entered Hilliard institute at Forsyth with the first session of under Thomas G. Scott. Some years subsequent to this his father

common this new removed

to Barnesville, Ga., and it was at this school, now Gordon institute, where he

was being prepared on and thwarted so

for the junior class in Mercer university, when the war came many well laid plans of the south's young manhood. Full of

enthusiasm and the hot southern sentiment which filled the hearts of the young

316

MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.



men of those times, he left school when a little more than sixteen years of age

and joined the Barnesville blues, the first volunteer company to enter the Con

federate service from Pike county. This company went out under the command

of the brave Dr. George M. McDowell, one of the foremost physicians of middle

Georgia, and was assigned to duty in the Third Georgia battalion. Soon after

entering the army Dr. Moore contracted measles at Lynchburg, Va., and for several

months his life hung evenly in the balance, until it was decided by the physicians

in attendance and his good captain that his frail constitution would not allow

him to stand the vicissitudes of soldier life, and without his knowledge or consent

he was honorably discharged from the army and sent home. During the early

summer of 1862, having regained his health, Dr. Moore again enlisted in the

Confederate service and joined the Griffin light artillery, a company then being

made up at Griffin, Ga., under command of Obadiah Gibson, an old and promi

nent lawyer of his time. Soon after the organization of this company it was

assigned to duty in the army of Tennessee and accompanied Gen. Braxton Bragg

in his famous campaign through Tennessee and Kentucky during the fall and

winter of 1862 and 1863. Returning from Kentucky, through Rabun Gap to

Knoxville, Tenn., this portion of the army made the hard marches over the moun

tains to take part in the great battles around Murfreesboro and Tullahoma. Dr.

Moore fought as a private in his company through the whole war, and was in

many of the hottest conflicts and most noted battles of those dark days. For two

long days during the terrible battle of Chickamauga the pieces of artillery of

his company were kept intensely hot from constant firing. Perhaps the most pro

longed and heaviest cannonading of the whole war was that of Sunday's fight

of that great battle, and Dr. Moore's command was in the thickest of the conflict.

Many of the men of his company bled from the ears from the atmospheric con

cussion due to the heavy cannonading. He was in many of the battles and the

heavy skirmishing and artillery duels from Missionary Ridge, around Dalton,

Resaca, Lost Mountain and around Marietta, and in two heavy engagements

around Atlanta--one on the extreme right of the line, where Gen. Walker was

killed, and one on the Sand Town road, to the left of the line--and he was in the

hottest of these battles. In this last engagement he received his only wound, a

slight cut upon the head by a fragment of shell, which killed two other men in

his company. This wound was slight, and he did not leave the battlefield. While

Gen. Sherman was on his famous march to the sea Dr. Moore was with his com

mand under Gen. Hood on his memorable campaign to Xashville, and participated

in the horrible battle at Jackson, Tenn.; also in the fight around Nashville, and

during the memorable retreat fought at Huntsville and Stephenson. That part

of the army to which he belonged came down through Mississippi to Demopolis,

Ala., then to Selma, where another sharp and hard battle was fought. Retreating

from Selma, the fragments of Hood's command made some slight resistance at

several places, and the last battle, or heavy skirmish, in which Dr. Moore was

engaged was in defense of the Girard bridge at Columbus, Ga. But the enemy

succeeded later in the day in crossing over the railroad bridge higher up the

river, and Columbus fell into the enemy's possession. The last battles were

fought and the cause for which the south had spent so much of her means and so

much of her patriotic blood sank forever. After the war Dr. Moore engaged in

educational work the greater part of two years. Like many of the southern sol

dier boys lie found himself not only without means but with an aged father and

mother and single sister to look after and largely provide for; hence he had to

work almost day and night to keep the wolf from the door, and to lay by suf

ficient funds to prosecute his chosen profession. Getting home from the army

MISCELLANEOUS SKETCHES.

317

in the spring of 1865, he taught school the balance of the year near Barnesville, Ga., and began the study of medicine under Dr. George M. McDowell. The year 1866 was devoted to farming in the eastern portion of Monroe county, and reading medicine under Dr. D. B. Searcy. In 1867 he taught school near Bolingbroke, devoting his nights and spare moments from school duties to the prosecution of his studies. Leaving home and his young wife in October of that year for Baltimore, he attended medical lectures at the old Washington university, now College of Physicians and Surgeons. After returning from Baltimore he entered the At lanta Medical college, then holding its annual sessions during the summer, and was graduated from this school in the fall of 1868. Dr. Moore was first honor man and valedictorian of his class. Immediately after his graduation he entered upon the practice of his profession at Knoxville, Crawford Co., Ga., where he did a large and successful practice. In 1879 he removed to Forsyth, Ga., the home of his early youth, and formed a partnership in the practice and drug business with the late Dr. L. B. Alexander, and for five years enjoyed a large and growing practice. While at Forsyth he delivered each winter a course of lectures on Anatomy and Hygiene to the young ladies of Monroe Female college. It was during these years that the college building and dormitories of this school were burned, and it is conceded by all that the present magnificent building owes its existence to the pluck and indefatigable efforts of Dr. Moore more than to any other one factor. For many years he was one of the most active trustees of this time-honored institution. Desiring to enlarge his field of work, Dr. Moore in 1883 removed to Macon, Ga., and was soon established in the front rank of the leading physicians of the place. He is a member and ex-president of the Macon Medical association, member and ex-president of the Medical Association of Georgia, and indeed has held every office within the gift of the State Medical association. When he was president of the association he enjoyed the distinction of being perhaps the youngest president the association had had up to that time. He is a member of the Southern Surgical and Gynecological association and the American Medical association. He was appointed by the governor in 1893 as one of the representatives from Georgia to the Pan-American Medical congress. In 1886 he took a post-graduate course at the polyclinic, New York, and also during the winter of 1886 and 1887 matriculated and attended lectures at the university, New York. Again in 1889 he took another post-graduate course at the polyclinic. In 1891 he was elected by the trustees of Mercer university to a professorship in this institution, and has up to date lectured on anatomy, physiology and hy giene to the junior and senior classes in this famous college. Dr. Moore is not unknown in the journalistic branch of his profession, having contributed a large number of valuable articles to different medical magazines, the titles of some of which are the following: Puerperal Eclampsia, its Etiology, Pathology and Treat ment; Anaesthesia in Labor, with Some Suggestions as to the Rationale of its Action; the Female Urethra, a Source of Trouble often Overlooked in our Gyne cological Investigations; What Shall be Done with the Uterus after Abortions? On Which Side of the Line Does the Pendulum now Swing in the Battey-Taite Operation? Report of Thirty-two Abdominal Operations with one Death; Re port of a Large Vesico-Vaginal Fistula, with Complete Eversion of Bladder, Reaching to the Vulva, Pregnancy at Five Months, Operation and Complete Cure. These, with many other articles, have appeared in the various medical journals and transactions of medical organizations, and have been well received by the profession. Since 1890 Dr. Moore has operated a private sanitarium and treated a large number of patients from almost every section of Georgia and adjoining states, and has done most of the major operations in gynecological

318

MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

work, including removal of one spleen. In general surgery he has been very successiul, having done several appendicitis and several lithotomy operations without a deatn. He is a Mason, member ot the Alacon lodge No. 5, F. A. Al., was
worshipful master of the lodges at Knoxville and Forsyth while residing at those places. He is also a member of Alacon senate No. 117, K. A. E. O. He is a member of the Baptist church and has filled the office of deacon in his church for twenty years, in January, 1867, Dr. Aioore was married to Miss Sallie M. Miiner, 01 Pike county, Ga., whose lineage marks some of the most solid citizens of Georgia and Alabama. Of this union five children have blessed their home, the oldest, Dr. Johnson McDowell, having graduated from Aiercer university in 1888, from the Atlanta Medical college in 1894 and from Bellevue Hospital Med ical college, New York, in 1895; Minnie Lou, now Mrs. C. W. Steed, formerly professor in Gordon institute, now editor of "The Easy Chair;" Attie S., now music teacher in Waynesboro academy; Colquitt K., now in college at Aiercer
university, and Susan Alarie, now at school in National Park seminary, Forest
Glen, Aid.

l^ILLIAM H. FELTON, ex-congressman and graduate in medicine, resides near Cartersville, Bartow Co., Ga. He was the only child of his parents,
John and Alary D. Felton, and was born in Oglethorpe county, Ga., on June 19, 1823. His paternal grandfather, Job Felton, was a native of North Carolina, of Scotch-Irish extraction. He emigrated to Georgia in early manhood, settling in Wilkes county. He was a scion of the Felton family, whose descendants are found in many states of the Union--names worthily remembered in lines of intelligence and progress. He married twice, his second wife being a Miss Harrell (the family name still borne by the subject of this sketch), and she was the mother of Dr. W. H. Felton's father, Mr. John Felton, who was born and reared in Oglethorpe count}', where he lived from infancy until he removed to Athens, Ga., in the year 1835. A farmer by occupation as well as choice, Mr. John Felton relinquished his fertile lands in his native county to educate his only son at the university of Georgia, and to be near him during that crucial period of his career. John Felton was also a soldier in the war of 1812, entering one of the first volunteer companies organized in that part of the state, serving as captain of his company during the most of six months' service under Gen. John Floyd. He was in the battle of Calibbee, near the site of the city of Columbus, and was distin guished alike for courage and patriotism. In the year 1847 Mr. John Felton and his wife, accompanied by Dr. Wm. H. Felton, moved to the county of Cass, now Bartow, where he continued to reside until his death, which occurred in the year 1870, at the ripe age of eighty years. His attachment to the Baptist church and his adherence to die whig party were the prominent features of his religious and political character. His wife, Mary D. Felton, departed this life in 1859 at the age of sixty-three years. William H. Felton was born in the Oglethorpe home, was reared'on a farm and received his early school training in the old-field schools of that era. When twelve years old he entered the grammar school of Athens tinder the well-known preceptor, Mr. Ebenezer Newton. Matriculating in Frank lin college in 1838, he graduated from the university of the state in 1842. He was a well-known speaker in the debates which were held weekly under the auspices of the Demosthenian and Phi Kappa societies; Dr. Felton being a member of the first-named literary organization. These debates were the distinguishing features of that period of university training, beginning on Saturday forenoons, often con tinuing throughout the a'fternoon until 10 o'clock at night. These contests in forensic skill developed many of the statesmen and orators which made Georgia

MISCELLANEOUS SKETCHES.

319

great in the eyes of the nation during the years which followed. The mention of A. C. Garlington, John Vason, Henry Hull and others of Dr. Felton's class, comes in close proximity with Benj. H. Hill, J. L. M. Gurry, Thos. R. R. Cobb, Joseph
Le Conte, Linton Stephens, . H. Pottle and divers other names which illustrated Georgia on field and forum. Immediately upon leaving college Dr. Felton began
the study of medicine under Dr. Richard D. Moore, a famous practitioner of Athens, graduating from the medical college of Georgia, Augusta, in the year 1844, the valedictorian of a splendid class of students. Dr. Felton was married
in early life to Miss Ann Carlton, daughter of Mr. J. R. Carlton of Athens. This
devoted wife and Christian mother died in 1851, leaving one child", a daughter, Mrs. Ann A. Gibbons. While scarcely out of his teens he taught a class of boys at the earnest request of patrons and friends; and the roll call would now bring forward the names of a number of Georgia's eminent men who were among his
pupils at that time. He joined the Methodist church in the year 1839 when only
sixteen years old, and held the responsible position of Sunday school superintend
ent, selected by the honored pastor of the church, Rev. VV. J. Parks. After removing to Cass county, locating near Cartersville, Dr. Felton entered upon the active practice of his chosen profession of medicine; but the strain upon a
delicate nervous organization proved too severe and forced retirement, with only
agriculture and literary studies to occupy his attention. In 1848 he received a
license to become a local minister of the Methodist Episcopal church, south. For upwards of forty years he gave the best efforts of his mind and strength to
Sabbath pulpit exercises throughout the county. Large crowds followed these appointments, whether in town pulpits or under rustic bush-arbor meeting
places. For nearly half a century, Sunday after Sunday, without salary or per
quisites, this faithful preacher devoted his best energies to the cause of God and
religion; and it is probable that he preached more funeral sermons, and performed a greater number of marriage ceremonies than any man of his day and generation. Bishop Andrew presided at the ordination service when Dr. Felton was made a
deacon, under the regulations of the Methodist church; and Bishop George F. Pierce conferred the office of elder four years later. When physical strength
permits these pulpit exercises are still continued in and around his home. In October, 1853, Dr. Felton was again married--to the lady who bears his name at this writing--namely, Miss Rebecca Latimer, daughter of Maj. Charles Latimer, late of De Kalb county, Ga. Perhaps the history of the state does not present the names of any two persons whose national reputation equals that of Dr. Felton
and his loyal helpmeet With zeal, ability and perseverance, she has walked hand in hand with her husband for nearly half a century, sustaining, cheering and promoting his best efforts for good government and the benefit of the laboring
classes of this county. During the heat of political campaigns in Washington and elsewhere, her intelligent counsel and general helpfulness have been his
inspiration and strong support. With unceasing watchfulness she has been ever at his side, to caution, aid and defend, until she has made herself his pride and
crown of rejoicing in the harvest days of age and honors. As one of Georgia's two lady managers of the World's Fair, she won encomiums of praise and apprecia
tion from her national colleagues, and she has been also selected to further the interests of the Cotton States and International exposition from its very inception In token of her beautiful loyalty to her husband's interests, as well as her patriotic endeavors for reform and progress in her native state, the legislature of Georgia
invited her to the speaker's platform at one of its brilliant sessions, "as a woman in whom the state took pride." This auspicious union is blessed with one surviving child--Dr. Howard E. Felton--a practicing physician in his native county of Bartow. Dr. Felton's political career has been most remarkable as well as

20

MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

interesting to Georgians. In early manhood he attached himself to the whig party, and the imprimatur of these early whig principles has been discovered or
developed under all the changes and environments of later years. His first vote was cast for Henry Gay; his first political speech was made in Watkinsville, near Athens, for the candidates of the whig party. So long as there was a whig
party to support he remained loyal to its principles and candidates, representing Cass county in the legislature of 1851. After the war he united his fortunes with the democratic party, because he was in full sympathy with the southern cause,
and served as a volunteer surgeon in Ocmulgee hospital, Macon, Ga., during several months of the civil war. Unlike many others, he does not regret the failure of the southern Confederacy, for while he was the owner of a large number of slaves, he is rejoiced at their emancipation, and believes the abolishment of
human slavery to be the one great blessing that resulted from the war between the states. During reconstruction days and carpet-bag politics he was a loyal democrat, true to his own people and pronounced in disfavor of the greedy horde of politicians who "ran with the hare and held with the hounds" in Georgia.
During the year 1874 there were unrest and great dissatisfaction with such
methods and men. Complying with the urgent request of personal and political friends he announced himself as an independent candidate in the Seventh con
gressional district of Georgia for the Forty-fourth congress. For nearly six months this campaign went on, attended by unprecedented heat and bitterness.
It was deemed rank treason to antagonize a party nomination by his political opponents, and the contest grew hotter every hour until the election, when the
result hung in the balance three whole days before the vote was officially declared. Such a race, with such odds to contend against, had never been known
in Georgia, or in the south, up to that time; and hundreds of people recall the
vision of a heroic candidate, without newspapers, or money, or organized sup port to aid him. traveling constantly over fourteen large populous counties,
speaking' day and night; hurling defiance in the teeth of his defamers, and making
the welkin ring in his defense of the rights of a free people until he won his election by a majority of eighty-two votes, despite the frantic but well-ordered
opposition of the entire democratic organization of the state of Georgia. His service in the Forty-fourth congress gave him national reputation as an orator and statesman: and his merit was duly recognized by his position on the com
mittee of commerce, with river and harbor improvements. He succeeded in placing the Coosa river in the list of government undertakings or enterprises, and from that day to this the national work has gone steadily on to completion. His
patriotic mind enlisted national aid for Savannah and Brunswick harbors, and his subsequent re-elections to the Forty-fifth and Forty-sixth congresses gave
him enlarged opportunities to benefit the commerce of his native state and the entire south by his loyalty to their interests. Perhaps the distinguishing feature
of his congressional career was his skillful diagnosis of the financial depression
then afflicting the country, and his brilliant advocacy of the remonetization of the silver dollar. His speeches on this subject read like prophecy--in the light of
experience and present financial disasters--which have surelv followed the repeal of the law which permitted the limited coinage of silver. Hon. A. H. Stephens
pronounced his famous "wrecker speech" to be the equal of the finest efforts of
the early statesmen of the republic, when orators were giants in debate and marvels of eloquence. His unflinching advocacy of treasury notes and gold and
silver coin to be kept equal in purchasing value with each other, each and all interchangeable at the treasury and a legal tender for all debts, public and private,
constituted perhaps the clearest svstem of practical finance ever known to this
government and gave him the confidence of his constituents and the approval of

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the state at large. A bill which made national quarantine effective, was also his pet and pride, and elicited strong words of approval from S. S. Cox and other national statesmen. At the opening of the Forty-sixth congress, Speaker S. J. Randall placed Dr. Felton on the first committee of the house, namely, ways and means. He had for his colleagues such names as Garfield, Kelley, Fernando Wood, Carlisle and Tucker of Virginia, the ablest men in congress. While Mr. Garfield was serving on this committee he was elected first to the senate, and afterward to the presidency of the United States, and was succeeded by Gov. McKinley on the committee, A revision of the tariff brought about the reduction
of duty on many necessities of life, and placed quinine on the free list; but he has always been an advocate of a tariff for revenue raised from the luxuries of com merce, with incidental protection to American industries. For six years this
faithful public servant thus devoted his best energies to the service of his con stituents, until the machine politicians of the Seventh congressional district reasserted themselves and with their methods compassed his defeat in the year
1880. In 1884 Dr. Felton was elected to represent Bartow county in the general assembly of the state, and was re-elected for two succeeding terms thereafter. It is no exaggeration to affirm that no member of the general assembly was listened to more attentively, was confided in more implicitly, or who exercised a wider or
more potential influence than did this member from Bartow. Largely through his instrumentality, his determined and uncompromising opposition to the sale
of the Western & Atlantic railroad, this magnificent property of the state was saved to the commonwealth. The result was that under a new lease the rental
was increased from $300,000 per annum to $420,000--one-half of which goes to the public school fund. During the pendency of this lease bill excitement ran high. The accustomed lobby influences were present and rampant. Every plan, policy
and suggestion was presented, pressed and urged, to effect the sale of the state's property and to defeat the will of the people; but this faithful representative
never faltered from the advocacy of what he was convinced were the best interests of the people of Georgia, until the lease was perfected and the bill which he wrote out in his own home became the law of the state--with valuable amendments added thereto. The general result thus accruing to his labors will be found to be at the end of twenty-nine years--when this new lease expires,
that its rental will have poured into the state's treasury over $12,000,000 in clean cash, the state coming into full ownership at the expiration of the. twenty-nine-year lease, with all these betterments and improvements placed
thereon by the lessees. From the day that Gen. Oglethorpe landed at Yamacraw until this good year 1895, no son of Georgia can make prouder boast of his
valuable services to his native state than this constant flow of money, which for
twenty-nine years will sing his praises as it falls into the strong box in the capitol, month by month, as the law directs. Unborn children will reap its benefits through the educational advantages thus provided. Bronze and marble
tell the story of patriotism on the battlefield and in the halls of legislation; but this man's memory will be written on the hearts of the coming generations of the children of Georgia, and honored by the taxpayers of his native state. Dr. Felton was also the pioneer in the introduction of bills into two successive state
legislatures to provide reformations for juvenile convicts, and the seed which was thus sown amidst personal criticism, defamation and invective on the part of his opponents, is bound to bring a harvest of fine results under the march of
progress and awakened public opinion. Already reforms have been accom plished in the convict system of the state growing out of his continual agitation of this subject No matter what name may go upon the future records as the
introducer or author of a successful reformatory measure before a willing general H--21

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assembly, the father of this reform, the motor that started the effective movement,
the genius which presided at the birth of reformatory legislation in the state of Georgia, will go down in history as the work of William H. Felton. His speech in the Georgia legislature when he defended his reformatory bill from the attacks of the opposition, and paid a public tribute to his honored wife for her co-opera tion and patriotism, will be remembered by those who heard it as one of the greatest triumphs of forensic skill and withering invective ever recorded for its brilliancy and effect upon the crowded audience which had gathered in anticipa
tion of the event Dr. Felton's record would be incomplete without mention of his gallant defense of the railroad commission of Georgia, when its enemies proposed to destroy or emasculate the strong features that had commended it as
a measure of public good. When the fight was over, ilaj. Campbell Wallace, who had been its ruling spirit from its inception up to that time, approached the doctor, saying: "Sir, you have saved the railroad commission of Georgia." During its early years there was no measure more approved by the masses-- and certainly none more beneficial to the commerce and prosperity of the state-- when it laid its restraining hand upon monopolies and syndicates, and regulated railroad tariffs and freights inside the limits of Georgia. Dr. Felton's devotion to
the cause of education is also one of the marked features of his entire life. Acting upon his convictions that the state should place within the reach of every child of school age, without charge, the opportunity of acquiring both a common school and even higher education, he labored untiringly to accomplish this result, and while a member of the state legislature was a splendid champion of both the technological school and the normal school for girls. At this writing he is a trustee of the state university, and the institution has no wanner friend or more ardent supporter. At the dose of this sketch it is proper to notice his present attitude towards the financial questions of the day, of which he remains an active factor, While a member of congress he was an effective partisan of the BlahdAllison bill, which looked to the remonetization of silver, and his views have undergone no change up to date. He believes the interests of the entire republic require the free coinage of silver and the issuance of treasury notes by the govern ment Last year, namely 1894, convinced that the people's party alone was committed to this policy, and that the democratic party was pledged to a single gold standard, which was destroying taxable values in Georgia at the rate of $50,000,000 per annum, he allowed his name to be placed before the populist convention, and despite the infirmities of age, he led their forces throughout a most heated campaign until the election in November, when his opponent was counted in by 1,500 majority. The methods used to defeat him were so mani festly illegal, unfair and unconstitutional in his judgment that he and his supporters have taken the matter to a higher court to be adjudged by the incoming house of representatives. If he had been willing to subordinate these abiding opinions to the exigencies of party policy he might have held the highest political positions in the state; but it is a fact, well attested, that he would without hesitation abandon any party or faction which failed to avow his own platform of political principles. He was entirely willing to enter the democratic caucus while a member of congress to secure the organization of the house; but whenever that caucus attempted to control his vote on a legislative question he repudiated the caucus, adhering to whatever he believed to be the best legislation for the country. Independence of thought and independence of action, he believes to be the prerogative of an American citizen. His opinions are convictions; and he never fails to be earnest and ardent in his efforts to give them practical effect. As a debater he is vehement and impetuous, but logical always; presenting his well-arranged facts and illustrations with extraordinary impressiveness and force.

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Progressive along all lines of thought, he never fails to be aggressive. He is a dangerous opponent to attack. His power for repellent denunciation is almost unparalleled. Gathering his argumentative points from every possible direction he marshals the whole into a battery that sweeps as it desolates. His numerous
newspaper controversies with brilliant minds and strong thinkers on public questions would make a volume in themselves of great value to younger men. Yet he is an exceedingly modest man in regard to himself, and makes no parade of his recognized usefulness. His public reputation is without suspicion and his private life without blemish. No man who knows his daily walk but holds him in high esteem, for honesty of purpose and probity of character, as a citizen and patriot. Perhaps he makes mistakes, but they are always honest mistakes; and those who know him best respect him most for his unswerving devotion to his well-known beliefs and opinions, which he defends at all hazards--even to his own hurt. When he dies Georgia will have buried one of her most notable and praiseworthy sons, because of these marked and peculiar traits of public and private character. He is a most loyal Georgian; the good name and prosperity of the commonwealth are his boast and pride. If loyalty to duty and mother
land makes a good citizen, the subject of this sketch needs no higher encomium in these pages.

P)R. JAMES CORBIN AVARY, one of Atlanta's popular physicians, was born May 9, 1856, in De Kalb county, Ga., at his father's country home. He was
educated by private teachers, in the county schools, and at the old Decatur acad emy, taking subsequently, at the age of twenty-one, a position in Avary's drug store
in Atlanta and commencing the study of that profession, for which his present success proves him so well fitted. He continued his studies at the Southern Med ical college, which he entered in 1880, and at the Atlanta Medical college, from which he was graduated as valedictorian of his class in 1882. Subsequently he pursued his medical studies still further, going for that purpose to Chicago and New York. Immediately after his graduation he began the practice of medicine
in Atlanta, where he has met with marked success in his chosen specialty of surgery and gynecology. Among the professional offices which he has so sat isfactorily filled may be mentioned city physician of the sixth ward, gynecologist at the Atlanta polyclinic and lecturer on gynecology at the Southern Medical col
lege. Dr. Avary is a member of the State Medical association and of Atlanta board of health. He was one of the founders of the Atlanta Society of Medi cine and the Atlanta Obstetrical and Gynecological society. He is an able and impressive writer and an occasional contributor to the medical journals. A paper on State and Municipal Hygiene, which he read before the State Medical associa tion at Americus in 1893, was most flatteringly received and attracted widespread
attention at the time of its delivery and consequent publication. His father, Dr. Jame,s Corbin Avary, a native of Clumbia county, Ga., graduated in the famous class of 1843 at the old Augusta Medical college, and practiced his much-loved profession with marked success up to the time of his death, in Decatur in 1873. He was a member of the state legislature prior to 1860, doubtless being led on to try political life for a while by the example of his father. Judge Arch. Avary, who for many years was state senator from the old Avary home, county of Colum bia. Judge Avary's father was Dr. John Avary, of Mecklenburg county, N. C. The mother of the subject of this sketch was Susan Frances Carr, daughter of Col. Thomas Dabney Carr of the war of 1812, and granddaughter of Col. Thomas Carr, a gallant officer of the revolutionary war. Col. Dabney Carr was the lineal

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descendant of Gen. Nathaniel Bacon, who struck the first real blow against Brit ish oppression in Virginia in the trying days of the colonial period. Dr. Avary
is of English colonial blood on both paternal and maternal lines and has the
records of his family history in an unbroken line back to the year 1000.

jyi ILDRED RUTHERFORD is a native of Athens, Ga., where her father, Prof.
Williams Rutherford, was for many years an honored member of the faculty of the university of Georgia. Miss Rutherford at a very early age gave promise
of a brilliant literary career and her friends have not been disappointed in the outcome. She received an unusually thorough education from the best teachers and devoted most of her leisure time to the study of belles lettres. Athens has always been noted for the high literary tone of its society, and Miss Rutherford's rare talents and critical judgment were soon recognized. She took pleasure in imparting her knowledge to others, and was never happier than when engaged in discussing books and authors in a congenial circle. Naturally she was attracted to the profession in which her distinguished father had been so successful. As a
teacher in the Atlanta Girls' high school and as principal of the Lucy Cobb insti tute at Athens she placed herself in the front rank of Georgia's educators. Her well-known volume, entitled English Authors, and a more recent work, American
Authors, have had a wide circulation and have won a place in public favor as valuable hand-books. In these books Miss Rutherford's wide range of reading, good taste and unerring judgment are plainly evident on every page. Few women
in the south have made so notable a record, and it is safe to say that in a wider
field her success would have been still more marked. It is expected that in the near future other volumes from her pen will emphasize the success which she
has already achieved. Thus far her life has been calm and uneventful--her tri umphs as an educator and an author being the milestones that mark her pro gressive pathway. That she is a woman of genius, whose patient work has been of incalculable benefit to the rising generation of her native state, is the verdict of all Georgians who know anything of her history. But her fame is by no means
confined to her native state. Throughout the south and in the great literary cen ters of the country the name of Mildred Rutherford is a favorite one with all progressive educators and all lovers of good literature.

DROF. JOHX CHARLES WOODWARD, one of the most prominent young teachers in the state, is president of the Middle Georgia Military and Agricul
tural college at Milledgeville, and while he is one of the most capable educators of Georgia's youth, he is perhaps the youngest man holding so important a position with the state. He was born in Butts county, Ga., July 26, 1866. His father was a farmer of the old southern school who yet did not succumb to the misfortunes of war entirely, but with an energy born of desperation and good faith, added to his farm duties the care of a general store and also improved his opportunities for money making through his knowledge as a mechanic and practical carriage builder. Young Woodward, under the tuition of his excellent father, lived on a farm and did shop and farm work, acquiring considerable skill within the lines of his teaching. During part of the winter and the summer young Woodward at tended the common schools of the country; he studied at noon and at night in not only the text books placed in his hands, but he reached out for all books that were available and eagerly read them, guided by no special thought except an insatiable thirst for reading. After a few years Mr. Woodward's father moved to the town of Griffin, Ga., to educate his children, two daughters and four sons. At eighteen years of age Charles prevailed upon his father to allow him to enter upon

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a college course, and being desirous of military training, he sent him to the North Georgia Agricultural college at Dahlonega, the most prominent military college of the state. Prof. Woodward's course at Dahlonega was highly creditable. He was soon recognized as a hard student, diligent in everything and capable in all
the branches of study. He won the Frank P. Rice Latin medal and wore it dur ing his junior and senior years. He was the senior captain of the cadet battalion
and one of the best trained officers in that excellent body of young men. He was graduated in 1888 with first honor among a class of brilliant young men, all
of whom have distinguished themselves more or less in their lines of business. Immediately after he was graduated he studied law for a few months under Col. E. W. Hammond, of Griffin, Ga. He did not apply for admission to the bar, although there was fair promise for success in this professional field for a young man of Prof. Woodward's training and capability. He did better for himself and for the state by adopting teaching as a profession. During Mr. Woodward's col
lege course he spent the summer vacations teaching in the common schools of the state, thereby enabling him to pay a large part of his own expense while at college. In 1889 he accepted a position as teacher and commandant of cadets in Gainesville (Ga.) college; after one term, however, he resigned this place and accepted a position in Jackson institute at Jackson, Ga., in his native county. The next
year he was tendered and accepted the vice-presidency of Gordon institute at Barnesville, Ga. Here, within a few months, after much effort on his own part, dealing with prejudice that was unfounded, he succeeded in organizing a military
feature in the school, having secured from the school funds about $500 for this purpose. A volunteer corps of cadets was organized, which doubled its num ber within one year. At the second commencement exercises after the battalion was formed they turned out 120 men, rank and file, with a full cadet band of thir teen pieces. Mr. Woodward made a strong effort to secure a detail from the war department of an officer from the regular army to act as commandant. The detail was made, the benefit of his work accruing to the school being almost incalculable. After two years at Barnesville he accepted the presidency of the Middle Georgia Military and Agricultural college in 1892. This position he now
holds, although he has had many tempting offers to go into various lines of busi
ness and to enjoy therein the advantages which his fine talents and searching knowledge of human nature that marked him so well as a teacher, would have a broader and perhaps a more lucrative field among men. For nearly two years,
besides his presidential duties, he assumed the position of commandant of cadets. After considerable effort a detail was secured from the war department to act as commandant of cadets and in January, 1894, Lieut. A. B. Scott, United States army, was sent to Milledgeville to act in this capacity. Just when the college
was entering upon a remarkable career of success a great calamity came upon them; the old capital of Georgia, the college building, was burned. Prof. Wood
ward rallied the trustees, who stood mute and inactive in the presence of such a disaster; he gathered a few earnest citizens, and through the co-operation of Gov.
W. J. Northen and other prominent men of the state he succeeded in having the insurance companies holding policies on the building replace it entirely. In the
rebuilding of the old capitol opportunities were had to change the interior con struction and arrange it better for college purposes than it had formerly been. Under Prof. Woodward's leadership the trustees and citizens of Milledgeville have
built a four-story structure for the cadets' barracks, giving all modern conven
iences of light, heat and sanitation. In short, the school has become one of the leading military institutions of the state, and is fondly spoken of among its friends as the West Point of the south. A large part of the growth and advancement of

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this noble institution is due to Prof. Woodward's personal magnetism and deter mined effort to bring the very- best advantages to the scholars intrusted to his care. At twenty-two years of age Prof. Woodward joined the Presbyterian church, and three years later became an elder therein. His life has been exemplary from his youth and he has always stood among his fellows as a tower of strength for the right. In December, 1891, he was married to Miss Lucile Castleberry, of Dawsonville, Ga., a graduate of the college at Gainesville and of the Lucy Cobb institute at Athens. Although their first son, Charles Price, died at six months of age, their second son, Douglas Castleberry, is now one year old and is a joy in their happy household. Prof. Woodward represents the great idea of youthful success; he has not stood back on account of his years, but has unhesitatingly asserted himself according to his ability, and he has won a position which is easily accorded to him among the prominent educators of the state. Modest and retiring in his disposition, enjoying to the utmost the seclusion of his study and the quiet of his school-room, he is yet ever planning new victories among circumstances that seem insurmountable and with a pluck that knows no excuse for failure; his plans are successful. This faint outline of the few early years of a life that has been so useful to the state is but a promise that the future holds immense good
in store for this fearless, quiet student, who calmly asserts that the needs of the school must be met and places his demands up to the last notch of improvement in instruction. His impress for good among the young men of his tuition is lasting, and many now rise up to speak in his honor.

IJEXRY H. CABAXISS is one of four brothers whose sketches appear in these Memoirs, each in different localities and engaged in different vocations, yet
each conspicuously successful in his preferred pursuit, and displaying unusual business and professional ability. Henry H. Cabaniss, business manager of the Atlanta "Journal," Atlanta Ga., is the son of Elbridge Gerry and Sarah (Chipman) Cabaniss. and was bom in Forsyth, Monroe Co., Ga., June 21, 1848. A brief sketch of his parents will be found elsewhere in these volumes. While a boy and youth he attended the excellent schools of his native city and afterward attended and was graduated from the university of Georgia, Athens, himself earning the money to meet the expenses of his higher education. After his graduation he came to Atlanta in 1867 and was bookkeeper for the daily Atlanta "New Era," holding the position several years. In 1873 ne purchased the Forsyth "Adver tiser," and as editor-proprietor conducted it ably and profitably until 1882, when he sold the office and came to Atlanta to accept the position of business manager of the "Southern Cultivator," the oldest and ablest agricultural publication in the south. In this capacity he remained with the "Cultivator" five years, discharging the duties incumbent on him with his characteristic industry and fidelity--credita bly to himself and with great acceptability to the publishers. In 1887 he became one of a strong company which bought the Atlanta "Journal," an evening daily, of which he was made the business manager, a position he continues to hold. Under his superb management the "Journal" has attained to a circulation equaling, if not surpassing, that of any other evening paper in this section, and to a wide and potential influence, and has been made one of the most valuable properties of its class in the south. Appreciatively recognizing his superior business and financial capabilities, moneyed institutions have called him to other important and respon sible offices. He is now the able and popular president of the Georgia Press association, president of the Georgia Security and Banking company, director of
the Southern Home Building & Loan association and of the Georgia Bond &

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Investment company and vice-president of the Cotton States and International
exposition. Mr. Cabaniss was married Dec. 13, 1870, to Miss Sarah E. Royston,
of Monroe county, stepdaughter of Dr. James S. Lawson, deceased, the fruit of
which union has been four children. He is a member of the I. O. O. F. and of the masonic fraternity and himself and wife are members of the Baptist church, of which he is a deacon.

QHARLES HENRY DORSETT. One among the most active and conspic uously progressive of the young business men of Savannah is Charles Henry
Dorsett, extensively engaged in the real estate business. He is a son of John and Sarah R. Dorsett, and was born in Savannah, Nov. 29, 1845. His father was a master ship carpenter and was in charge of the largest ship yard in the city, and died in 1846; but his mother is still living. Until he was sixteen years of age Mr. Dorsett attended Chatham academy; he then engaged as a clerk. During the late war, while the Federal forces were investing the city, he enlisted in Maj. Shellman's battalion, organized for its defense. Although comparatively Mr. Dorsett's
life has been a very active one, that activity has been unusually beneficial to the city. Entering commercial life quite young, he has grown with the growth of his
native city, and advanced gradually, yet steadily and continuously, to his present commanding commercial and social position. His earlier years were spent as bookkeeper for various leading grocery, banking and cotton houses. For ten years he was cashier for A. S. Hartridge, one of the prominent cotton factors of the day, and managed his business for ten years preceding that gentleman's death. In December he established the firm of Dorsett & Kennedy, auctioneers and real estate dealers. The business proved to be exceptionally prosperous and lucra tive from the start, but in 1879 the partnership was dissolved, and since then Mr. Dorsett has conducted the business alone with marvelous success. He has dis posed of most of the city and suburban property that has been sold in and about
the city for the last ten years, and his judgment being apparently unerring, his counsel is daily sought by persons seeking to profitably invest in real estate. His success has been such that he is now a large holder of valuable eligibly located real estate in and around Savannah, and owns a delightful summer residence at the Isle of Hope. He organized the Savannah Real Estate company, which marked the first activity in real estate transactions, which proved to be a very
profitable investment to all who were interested in it He also organized the Savannah Investment company, which built the Belt Line railway, which has not only one of the best roads of the kind in the south, but owns nearly 500 lots in the
extended city limits, now rapidly building up. He is a director in and treasurer of both companies, is vice-president and director of the Chatham Real Estate & Improvement company, which he organized; was also active in the organization of the Citizens' Loan association, which has been succeeded by the Citizens' bank,
of which he is vice-president and director. He is a. charter member and director of the Title Guarantee company and Dime Savings bank, and has large interests in all the real estate and financial agencies in the city. In nothing has his judg ment been better exemplified than in his advocacy of the purchase, while serving on the board of county commissioners, of the Pritchard plantation for the county. This was a tide-water tract of 1,300 acres, cultivated in rice, which materially interefered with the drainage of that part of the county. The only way out of it
was its purchase, which was made at his suggestion. The county was benefited incalculably from a sanitary point of view, roads have been opened and the property
enhanced in value, so that the sale of two-thirds of it will more than return the purchase money to the treasury, and leave about 350 acres of fertile agricultural

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land to be set apart as a refuge for the poor. By his earnest endeavors a number of
very important new roads were opened, providing highways which have brought
into notice large outlying tracts of thousands of acres before almost inaccessible,
and this important improvement was consummated without other cost to the
county than the labor of the convict force. By these improvements public thought has been led up to a desire for better and more highways, and he has thus been
instrumental in adding largely to the real estate values of Chatham county. Had he done nothing more it would place his name high on the roll of public benefac
tors. When a reapportionment was made in 1888 he declined to permit his name
to be presented. The county owes largely to his influence and wisely directed
efforts its new and costly jail and jailor's residence, and the recently completed magnificent court house. He has been a liberal contributor to almost every
enterprise started in the city for ten years past for the advancement of the city's
commercial prosperity, and in nearly all has been a leading and master spirit He is a prominent member of the masonic fraternity, ranks high as a member of the
I. O. O. F. and has held all the offices up to that of grand representative. He is now sen-ing his sixth year as one of three representatives of Georgia to the
sovereign grand lodge of the world, and is lieutenant-colonel on the staff of Gen. John C. Underwood, grand-sire and generalissimo of the order of Independent
Odd Fellows throughout the world. He is a member of Wesley Monumental Methodist Episcopal church south, is chairman of its board of trustees and was
chairman of the board of stewards and superintendent of its Sunday school many years. Few citizens of Savannah have been as useful in every line of progressive
development--commercial, industrial, intellectual and religion, than Mr. Dorsett, and being only in the meridian of a robust and matured manhood, with ripe experi ence, it would be difficult to fix the bounds of his future usefulness. Mr. Dorsett married Miss Josie Gross, a daughter of Mr. Charley Gross, a merchant of Sa vannah, the fruit of which union has been a beautiful daughter, now in her fifteenth year, blushing into accomplished womanhood.

THOMAS BALLAXTYXE. One of the most useful and deservedly popular and prosperous citizens of Savannah, Ga., is Thomas Ballantyne, who was born
in Glasgow, Scotland, Aug. 5, 1831, now co-proprietor of one of the best and most
extensive machine and boiler shops and foundry in the city of Savannah. His father was Thomas Ballantyne, whose sterling and strong characterstics of integ rity, indomitable industry and genial characteristics he inherited. After receiving
a good education at Hutchinson's academy, a celebrated school in Glasgow, Mr. Ballantyne served his apprenticeship as an iron founder. Shortly after the expira tion of his term of apprenticeship he enlisted in the Scottish grays, or Second Royal dragoons, made famous in history by its celebrated charge at Balaklava.
He, however, was on ship-board at the time, and although not in that charge, served with that intrepid command for two years during the Crimean war and was at the capture of Sebastopol. After two years' service he bought his discharge and returned to Glasgow, where he worked at his trade eight months, and then came to New York in 1856. Soon after his arrival his superior excellence as an iron molder secured him the foremanship of the Newark (N. J.) machine shop, one of
the largest establishments of its kind in this country. In 1859 he was sent for to come to Savannah to do a piece of work no one in that city could do, and being prevailed upon to remain, was given charge of Alvin N. Miller's foundry and machine works. He was a member of the Georgia hussars--the oldest troop of
cavalry in the United States--and the first year of the war went to join his companv. But at Richmond he was turned back, the Confederate government con-

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sidering his services more valuable in the manufacture of ordnance than in the field, and on his return to Savannah he was made superintendent and manufac turer of ordnance for the gun-boats of the Confederate navy, and during the last two years of the war was superintendent of the Confederate states foundry. When the Federal army gained possession of Savannah the government confiscated the Miller machine works, and Mr. Ballantyne was put in charge to do such repair and other work as the steamships and gunboats and other government property might require. In 1866 Mr. Ballantyne and Mr. John McDonough established a foun dry under the firm name of McDonough & Ballantyne, and a year later moved to other quarters, where more space and better facilities could be had, and built exten sive machine and boiler shops and foundry, the largest and best of the kind in the city, where they employ fifty hands and turn out boilers, engines and machinery of all descriptions, and which for many years has made and is still making all the iron castings for the Central railway. The firm still bears the name of McDon ough & Ballantyne, J. J. McDonough having succeeded to the partnership after the death of his father. During the war Mr. Ballantyne commanded a company recruited from the machine shops for home defense, tnd he is now an honorary member of the Georgia hussars. He is a member of the board of jury commis sioners; has served many years on the board of aldermen; when he was chair man of the committee on markets, and also of the sanitary and health committee during the epidemic of 1876, during which period he labored zealously and ear nestly until the close of the epidemic, when he was himself stricken down. He is connected with many enterprises of a public character, and is always among the foremost in promoting every industry calculated to promote the growth and pros perity of the city of his adoption, contributing to them liberally of his time, counsel and means. He is conspicuous for his work and proficiency and consequent use fulness as a member of the masonic fraternity, and is highly valued for his knowl edge of its rituals and impressive exemplification of its work. He is a Knight Templar and has had conferred on him every office in the gift of the fraternity up to and including those of the commandery. He was worshipful master of Zerubabel lodge six years, high priest of the R. A. chapter twelve years, thrice illustrious master of the council of royal and select masters the same period, and is now and for seven years past has been eminent commander of Palestine com
mandery. In addition to these honors conferred by his Savannah brethren, he has been deputy grand master of royal and select masters, and for years grand commander of the Knights Templar for Georgia, and is now deputy grand high priest of the Grand Royal Arch chapter of Georgia. Mr. Ballantyne is a mem ber of the Independent Presbyterian church, has served on its board of trustees, and has also been the president of St. Andrew's society, of which he is one of the most pleasant and genial members. He is unmarried and has one brother, William Ballantyne, who is employed at the foundry, and one sister, Mrs. Margaret
Hunter, residing in Glasgow, Scotland.

(""OL. PETER RE1LLY was born in Hampshire, England, in 1839, and went with his parents to Ireland when an infant. Here the family remained until
he was twelve years of age. His father having died in the meantime, he and his widowed mother set sail for America, landing first at New Orleans, and coming from there directly to Savannah, Ga. Here young Reilly soon found work clerk ing in a grocery store until the breaking out of the war. He enlisted at once, join ing the Irish Jasper Greens, and the same night of his identification with it was elected junior lieutenant. He went into the service with this company, which be longed to the First Volunteer regiment of Georgia, and served as its junior lieu-

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tenant until the summer of 1863. By the order of the war department he was then promoted from the rank of junior second lieutenant, over the head of the senior second lieutenant, to the first lieutenancy. In December of 1864 he was made acting adjutant of the First Volunteer regiment of Georgia, in which capacity he served until the first battle of Bentonville, N. C, when his brigade was consoli dated into one regiment, still known as the First Volunteer regiment of Georgia (consolidated), Col. C. H. Olmstead commanding. By this gentleman he was made the permanent adjutant of the regiment, serving in this capacity until the close of the war, when he was paroled at Greensboro, N. C. After the war Col. Reilly returned to Savannah, Ga., on foot Later he served as purser on a steamer running between Savannah and Augusta, and afterward engaged in the commis sion business. Thereafter he was connected with a grocery until 1874, when he entered upon his present occupation, that of a real estate agent. In 1884 Mr. Reilly was elected to the legislature, and twice re-elected. His constituents hoped he would be able to secure the passage of a bill appropriating money for the militia, etc.. and in this he was successful. This bill, which became a law in 1885, has been of great advantage in bringing the militia into organized form and under proper command. Col. Reilly has twice been placed upon the committee upon education, and has always warmly urged and voted for every measure tending to the advancement of the great cause. The colonel's war record, also, is one of which he may well be proud. He not only served with gallantry and distinction in every office which he filled, but he also won the love and respect of his com patriots, as is witnessed by the fact that in 1882 he was unanimously elected to the office which he now holds--lieutenant-colonel of the First Volunteer regiment of Georgia. As further evidence of this may be noted the fact that in each of the three last sessions of the general assembly of Georgia, in which he has con secutively served, he has always been made chairman of the committee on military affairs. Col. Reilly, notwithstanding the short schooling of his childhood, has, by his inherent merits of brain and heart, won high position for himself not only as a most reliable citizen, but as a strong thinker, a forcible, clear writer and elo quent speaker. Georgia, as well as Chatham county, has reason to be proud of this true man and able legislator, who has proved himself to be in the best and fullest sense of the term one of nature's noblemen. Col. Reilly was married first
in 1865 to Mrs. M. A. O'Connor, nee Price. One son was born to them, Charles K., who died in 1886. The mother died in 1871, and in 1880 Col. Reilly again married. This second wife was a Miss Mary O'Donovan, of New York. Their only child, a daughter, Margaret, is now living. The second Mrs. Reilly died a year after her marriage. Col. Reilly is the president of the Female Orphan Benev olent society, a member of the Catholic Library association, and of the Ancient Order of Hibernians. He belongs to the Catholic church.

WILKES COUNTY.
QABRIEL TOOMBS ANTHOXY, merchant, Washington, Wilkes Co., Ga., son of Edwin M. and Clara J. (Pope) Anthony, both parents natives of Wilkes
county, and his mother a daughter of Henry F. Pope, was born in Taliaferro county, Ga., June 9, 1868, the sixth of thirteen children. When he was four years old his parents moved to Washington, and until he was eighteen years old he had to work on the farm, his only schooling being that obtained at such intervals as he could be spared. At the age of eighteen he entered the store of Mr. J. A. Benson in Washington as a clerk, and remained with him as such until January, 1894,

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when he and his fellow-clerk, Kimble A. Wilheit, bought their employer out, and are now doing the largest general merchandise business in the city. He made his money by hard work, and knowing how he made it he saved it. Mothers'point to him as a model for their sons, and legions of friends in and out of the county are proud of him and his partner as representative young men and merchants of Washington. Avoiding the associations and contaminating influences of the fast young people of modern society, they are free from the expensive habits and vices consequent upon such associations, and have honorably won the esteem they enjoy, the prosperity secured, and that promised. That Mr. Anthony will take a front rank in commercial circles and exert a commanding influence in the future cannot be doubted.
COWARD A. BARNETT, farmer-merchant, Washington, Wilkes Co., Ga., son of Samuel and Elizabeth (Stone) Barnett, was born in Washington, Wilkes Co.,
Feb. 23, 1855, the fifth of seven children, four boys and three girls. Both parents were natives of Wilkes county. Mr. Barnett was educated in the schools in Washington, and at the age of nineteen years went on the plantation of W. A. Pope as superintendent, where he remained four years. He then for one year superintended the farm of M. M. Sims. These gentlemen were two large Wilkes county planters. He then bought a farm and began farming for himself, which he has since continued, enjoying a full measure of success and prosperity. In addition to his farm he has conducted with profit a general merchandise store forseven years. Mr. Barnett was married March 11,1885, to Miss Mary, daughter of W. P. Hill, of Wilkes county, by whom he has had four children, all of whom are living.
CIMPSON BOOKER, farmer, Washington, Wilkes Co., Ga., son of Richerson and Esther (Simpson) Booker, was born in Wilkes county, Ga., April 9, 1831,
the third of four children, all boys. He worked on the farm, and went to school as he had opportunity, until he reached manhood. He then took charge of his father's farm, and has had the management of it from then until now. In 1861 he enlisted in the Irwin guards, which aftenvard was known as Company C, Cult's artillery battalion. As a member of this command Mr. Booker was in some of the most important battles of the war, among them: The seven days' fight around Richmond, Sharpsburg, Fredericksburg, Gettysburg, Appomattox Court House, etc. At the time of the surrender he was at Red Oak Church. After the disbandment he returned to the old homestead satisfied with whatever tribute it may bring to his comfort and pleasure. Mr. Booker was married Dec. 20, 1855, to Miss Amanda, daughter of Basil Xeal, of Columbia county, Ga., who bore him one child, a daughter, and died Dec. 14. 1858. On June 27, 1865, he married Miss Georgia, daughter of John M. Lazenby, of what is now McDuffie county, Ga. Six children, four sons and two daughters, have blessed this union, of whom two sons and one daughter are dead. Mr. Booker is a master Mason, and a member
of the Methodist church. DICHARD D. CALLAWAY, farmer, Washington.. Wilkes Co., Ga., son of
Aristides and Martha T. (Doughty) Callaway, was born in Wilkes county July i, 1858. His father was of Wilkes county, and his mother a daughter of Richard Doughty, of Oglethprpe county. Mr. Callaway was the first-born of eleven children, o'f whom eight were boys' He attended schools convenient to his home until 1874, when he entered the university of Georgia, Athens, and gradu ated in 1878 with the degree of A. B. After he came from college he engaged in the saw-mill business for three years. Abandoning that he has since devoted his entire time and attention to his extensive farming interests, and has been satis factorily prosperous. He is a lieutenant-colonel of the Sixth Georgia infantry, and a member of the board of county commissioners.

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MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

S. CALLAWAY, farmer, Washington, Wilkes Co., Ga., son of Seaborn and Mildred (Jordan) Callaway, daughter of Jordan, of Oglethorpe county, Ga., was born in Wilkes county, Aug. 2, 1847, the fourth of eight children, five sons and three daughters, one of each being dead. He was reared on the farm and attended the country schools until he was fourteen years old, when his father died and he had to work on the farm and help keep it up. In 1863 he joined a company of state, or reserve, militia, under Capt Bowers, and was ordered to
Atlanta. He was in Savannah with his command at the time of the evacuation. He was in no regular engagement while in the service. After his discharge he returned home and went to farming in good earnest, and rejoices in the prosperity he has been blessed with. Upright and honorable in all his dealings, a true man and Christian, he stands high in the community. Mr. Callaway was married Dec. 7, 1865, to Miss Mary, daughter of James Spratlin, of Wilkes county, who has borne him eight children, five sons and three daughters; of these, a son and
daughter have died. Mr. Callaway is a consistent and influential member of the Baptist church, which he joined in 1861.

CAMUEL J. CARTLEDGE, Presbyterian minister, Washington, Wilkes Co., Ga., son of Rev. Groves H. and Annie M. (Lane) Cartledge, was born at
Bold Spring, Franklin Co., Ga., May 9, 1864. His father was a clergyman, born in Madison county, Ga., and his mother a daughter of Joseph Lane, Portland, Me. Mr. Cartledge's schooling until he was nine years of age was obtained at the ordinary neighborhood schools. When nine years old he was entered at Martin institute, Prof John W. Glenn, principal, Jefferson, Jackson Co., Ga., where he remained three years, and then went back to the family farm. He next entered the school of Prof. A. M. Scudder, at Athens, Ga., where, after six months' close application, he was prepeared to enter the sophomore class at the uni
versity of Georgia, Athens, which he did. At the end of a year he was obliged to stop for want of money. He taught school until he accomplished his object, when he went to Dahlonega, Ga., where he took an elective course, finishing in one year. He next went to the theological seminary at Princeton, N. J., where he remained a year, when his funds becoming exhausted he had to leave to replenish. He preached at Danielsville and New Hope churches, Madison Co., studying mean while, and as soon as he felt able went to the theological seminary at Columbia, S. C., where he remained two years, and completing his theological course, gradu ated May 9, 1889. RCV- Cartledge immediately took charge of a church in Gainsville, Hall Co., Ga., and supplied its pulpit acceptably five years. Since then
he has been pastor of the Presbyterian church at Washington, Wilkes Co., Ga.. giving entire satisfaction to a congregation whose pulpit has been filled by some of the most eminent clergymen of the denomination. Rev. Cartledge was married Nov. 27, 1889, to Miss Laura, daughter of James H. Burns, Apple Valley, Jackson Co., Ga., who has borne him two children, both boys. A useful life for
such a man is not difficult to forecast.

THEODORICK M. GREEN, merchant-banker, Washington, Wilkes Co., Ga.,
son of John B. and Elizabeth (Leonard) Green, was born in Wilkes county, Ga., May 19,1846, the seventh of eleven children. Mr. Green's father was a native
of Prince George county, Va., and his mother a daughter of Edwin Leonard, of Wilkes county. He attended the common schools of the county until he was fourteen years old, when he entered the store of A. A. Cleveland, Washington, as a clerk. Two years later he entered the Confederate service as lieutenant of Company E, Twenty-seventh Georgia battalion, organized at Augusta, Ga. The command was first ordered to Savannah, and thence to Lovejoy's station, about

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miles south of Atlanta on the Central railway, to aid in obstructing Gen. Sherman's march southward. Falling back before the Union army, the command bore its full part in the siege of Savannah, and afterward participated in engage ments at Monteith, Ga., Pocotaligo, S. C., and Bentonville and Smithfield, N. C. At the last-named place the command was reorganized, and became a part of
Elliott's brigade, when it was ordered to Greensboro, N. C, where it surrendered May 2, 1865. Returning to Washington, Mr. Green entered into a business venture, in which in five weeks he made $400. After this he engaged with R. H. Vickers & Co. as a clerk, with whom he remained until 1868, when, in company with his brother, the firm of Green Bros, was formed for conducting a general merchandising business. After a profitable existence of ten years the firm dis solved by the withdrawal of his brother, Mr. Green continuing until now as sole proprietor and manager, and is still doing a large and profitable business. He is also president of the Washington Exchange bank. Mr. Green was married June 27, 1877, to Miss Willametta, daughter of Judge Garnett Andrews, by whom he has had one child, a son. Mr. Green is held in high esteem. He is a master
Mason.
THOMAS W. HILL, farmer, Washington, Wilkes Co., Ga., son of Lodowick M. and Nancy (Johnson) Hill, was born in Wilkes county June 17 (the anniversary
of the battle of Bunker Hill), 1839. His boyhood and youth were spent on the plantation, meanwhile attending the best schools the county afforded. When nineteen years of age he went to Furman university, Greenville, S. C., which he attended two years, and then returned home and busied himself on the plantation
until the war between the states was precipitated. Going to Covveta county, Ga., he enlisted in a company under command of Capt. John Hill, which was assigned to Phillips' legion and ordered to Virginia, reaching there just after the seven days' fight He participated in the battles of Culpeper Court House, Appomattox Court House, Fredericksburg, and Gettysburg. Having been with Gens. Stuart, Hampton and Butler, he was engaged in many minor battles and scores of skirmishes. During his service he was so conspicuous for his daring and courage that he was many times specially complimented. On one occasion Col. Rich, Mr. Hill's regimental commander, presented him and one of his comrades with a very fine pistol as a mark of his appreciation of their bravery. On another occasion-- after the war--at a supper given by Judge (ex-congressman) Hugh Buchanan to Mr. Hill's daughter, the judge referred to Mr. Hill as a second Marshal Ney-- certainly a very high compliment from such a source. About the time of the surrender he was in North Carolina, and managed to get home without surrender ing. His intention was to join the western army, but just as he was ready to start he heard it had surrendered. He remained awhile on his father's plantation, superintending that, then went to his own, where he has since remained. Mr. Hill is a! member of one of the wealthiest and most influential families in his section of the state, and worthily shares the distinction. Mr. Hill was married in 1869, and to him have been born ten children, eight of whom are living.

WILLIAM W. HILL, planter, Washington, Wilkes Co., Ga., son of Lodowick M. and Nancy (Johnson) Hill, was born in Wilkes county, March 31, 1826,
the first-born of thirteen children, twelve sons and one daughter. Of the sons five are dead. Until he was nineteen years old he worked on the plantation and went to school. He then entered the university of Georgia, Athens, and gradu ated in 1849 with the degree of A. B. Returning from college, after a few years he
purchased his present home plantation, and has continued in charge of it until the present time. The family has been distinguished for strict integrity, wealth, extra-

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ordinary financial ability, a numerous membership, and influence. Mr. Hill possesses its marked characteristics, and enjoys merited prosperity. During the
civil war he was a justice of the peace and remained at home, excepting that at one time he was a member of the state militia or reserve. Mr. Hill was married in 1851 to Miss Emma E., daughter of Micajah Anthony, of Wilkes county, who has borne him seven children, three sons and four daughters, all of whom are living. Since 1846 he has been connected with the Methodist church, of which he is a valued and influential member.

THOMAS OTIS HOLLIDAY, farmer, Washington, Wilkes Co., Ga., is a son of Alien T. and Elizabeth (Zellars) Holliday. Her father, John Zellars, of Lincoln
county, Ga., was born Nov. 27, 1853, the third of eight children, six sons and two daughters. Of the sons two died in infancy. He assisted on the farm and attended school until 1873, when he took charge of the farm and has had it under his supervision since. He has managed it with success, quite realizing his expec tations. Mr. Holliday was married Dec. 4, 1874, to Miss Kittie A., daughter of T. P. Burdette, of Wilkes county, who has borne him six children, four boys and two girls, all of whom are living. He is a consistent member of the Baptist church, and an estimable member of the community in which he lives.
I UTHER W. LATTIMER, farmer, Wilkes county, Ga., son of John T. and Martha (Taylor) Lattimer, was born in Oglethorpe county, Ga., Feb. 5, 1839,
the eighth of ten children, seven boys and three girls, six of the boys being dead. His mother was the daughter of Col. Clarke Taylor of Oglethorpe county. He was reared and worked on his father's farm during his boyhood, and was edu cated at the country schools. His father's rule was to work his boys two years and send them to school one. This was done until he reached the age of sixteen years, when he entered Meson academy, Lexington, Ga., and attended there three years. He then worked on the farm a year, after which he attended the academy another year. After leaving school and teaching five months he enlisted in the Gilmer Blues, Capt. (afterward Col.) John T. Lofton. The company went to Atlanta, became a part of the Sixth Georgia regiment, Col. Alfred H. Colquitt, and was ordered to Yorktown, Ya. The command participated in the battles of Williamsburg, Seven Pines, Mechanicsville and Cold Harbor. At the last-named battle he was wounded in the neck, and the wound being pronounced mortal he was sent home to die. But he rapidly recovered, and was required to report every sixty days. In January, 1864, he reported at James Island, S. C., for duty, but the examining board adjudged him unfit for regular service, and he was sent to Fort Gaines, Ga., where a hospital was being organized, and was made clerk of the examining board, remaining there until after the surrender. Returning home he resumed farming, and has followed it ever since. He was elected in 1892 to represent Wilkes county in the general assembly, which he did to the entire satisfaction of his intelligent constituency. He is now a member of the board of jury commissioners. Mr. Lattimer was married Dec. 18, 1862, to Miss Euphrasia, daughter of Moses Wright, of Oglethorpe county, who has borne him six children, three sons and three daughters, all living. Mr. Lattimer is a master Mason, and a member of the Methodist church. A useful and public-spirited citizen, he is
influential and popular.
JAMES S. RHODES, farmer, Washington, Wilkes Co., Ga., son of William W. and Frances E. (Hackney) Rhodes, was born in Wilkes county, Ga., Nov. 7,
1856. Until twenty years of age he lived and worked on the home farm and attended the common schools of the county at such intervals as his services could

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335

be dispensed with. Himself and one brother were the only children--both are living. In 1876 he commenced the battle of life, and so far he has been successful, and placed himself in comfortable circumstances, gaining and retaining the respect and confidence of his fellow-citizens. Mr. Rhodes was married Jan. 9, 1879, to Miss Nora, daughter of Jonathan Smith, of Wilkes county, who has borne him ten children, four sons and six daughters, of whom one son is dead. He has been a consistent member of the Baptist church since 1886.

D OBERT A. SIMPSON, physician and surgeon, Washington, Wilkes Co., Ga., son of William W. and Jane (Powell) Simpson, both parents of Wilkes county,
and the mother a daughter of Nelson Powell, of Wilkes county, was born in Sparta, Hancock Co., Feb. i, 1859. His early education was conducted at home under a private tutor, his father and Hon. Linton Stephens having employed a tutor for their children. At the end of two years his mother died, and he was sent to live with his sister, Mrs. John A. Stephens, in Atlanta. He attended school there one year, and then, at the age of fifteen, entered the university of Georgia, Athens, as a sophomore, half advanced, and graduated in 1877 among the "first ten"--a particular distinction at that time--with the degree of A. B. From the university he went to Poughkeepsie, N. Y., and took a one year's course at Eastman's Business college. He next went to the university of Virginia, devoting two years to a plain academic course and the third to the study of medicine. He then went to New York city, took a course in the College of Physicians and Surgeons and graduated in 1883, winning the honor of being stationed in the Bellevue hospital eighteen months, the allotted term of service. Dr. Simpson then practiced his profession in New York city a year, after which he went to Europe and spent two years between Berlin, Vienna and Heidelberg, studying his profession. Returning to New York he practiced there again about a year, when the illness of his father called him home to Washington, which has been his home and the theater of his professional service. Dr. Simpson is one of the most highly educated members of his profession, as well as one of the' most practical and skillful; and, being young, if he does not attain to exceptional eminence it will be for lack of ambition on his part. He is a man of cultivated musical taste, and this, with the courteousness of a cultured, refined gentleman, makes him a welcome guest in .all social and literary circles. His home is of the old-time massive southern mansion type, handsomely finished and tastefully furnished, and surrounded by acres of garden-grounds, flower and vegetable, exciting admira tion, and giving assurance in advance of the hearty welcome and generous hospi
tality which await the guest. Dr. Simpson is (in 1895) unmarried.

P EDDING SIMS, farmer, Washington, Wilkes Co., Ga., son of John M. and Nancy (Wynn) Sims, was born in Oglethorpe county, Ga., Oct. 13, 1817, the
seventh born of ten children, six boys and four girls. His father was of Ogle thorpe county, and his mother was a daughter of George Wynn, of Wilkes county. He worked on the farm until he was twenty-one years of age, going to school at intervals as farm work permitted and school opportunities offered. Mr. Sims was married in Oglethorpe county, Oct. 25, 1838, to Miss Sarah, daughter of Jesse Spratlin of that county. After his marriage he moved to Mississippi and farmed there a year; he then went to Louisiana, where he cut cane to provide shelter until he could build a log house. Returning to Georgia he permanently settled in Wilkes county, where he has made farming his life pursuit During the unpleasantness he was in the service of the state, and was assigned to the duty of furnishing provisions and looking after the prisoners, remaining in the county. Mr. Sims is a prominent member of the Baptist church, with which he has been
connected since 1841.

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MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

pRANK B. SIMS, farmer, Washington, Wilkes Co., Ga., son of Redding and Sarah (Spratlin) Sims, was born in Wilkes county, the youngest of a family of
eleven children, Aug. 5, 1863. His grandfather, Jesse Spratlin, was a prominent farmer of Wilkes county. Mr. Sims was educated at the common schools of the
county, and has always remained on the farm with his parents, as a companion and
protector. He is a consistent member of the Baptist church, which he joined in 1886. To be a good farmer, a good citizen, and a consistent Christian fill the measure of his ambition.

U ENRY T. SLATON, farmer-merchant, Washington, Wilkes Co., Ga., son of William Slaton and Miss Frances, daughter of John Wright, all of Wilkes
county, was born in Wilkes county March 18, 1835, the seventh of ten children.
He worked on the farm when growing up, and received only such education as he could obtain when he could be spared. In 1856 he attended Richard's high school, at Thomson, Ga., and then returned home and worked on the farm until the war began. He enlisted in the Irvin guards (Capt John T. Wingfield), Wash ington, and proceeded to Richmond, Va., where his company became Company A, Ninth Georgia regiment With his command he participated in all the principal battles in northern Virginia, Maryland and Pennsylvania, and was included in the surrender at Appomattox. After the war he came back to his farm and set to work to recuperate. His labor has been rewarded fully up to his expectations. In connection with his farm he has carried on a general merchan dise store, materially augmenting his resources. In 1870 Mr. Slaton was elected to represent Wilkes county in the general assembly--the first democrat elected after the war. He is a prominent and influential member of the Baptist church.

pRANK P. SLATON, farmer, Wilkes county, Ga., son of William and Frances (Wright) Slaton, was born in Wilkes county, the ninth of ten children, Sept
12,1841. He acquired what education he could, attending school at such intervals as he could be spared from farm work until he was eighteen years old. Then, in 1859, he attended the high school in Tuskegee, Ala., and the following year he
returned home. About the same time, or soon afterward, his brother left home and enlisted in the Confederate army. His father being blind, and Frank the youngest, he was left at home to care for his father. Notwithstanding this, however, when, in 1863, the state called for more troops, he joined the army at Kennesaw Mountain, was with the forces in front of Sherman when he was "marching through Georgia," was in Savannah during the siege, afterward in South Carolina, and at the time of the surrender was in Augusta, Ga. He returned to the farm as soon as he was discharged, where he has since pursued the quiet life of a farmer, enjoying the comforts of domestic life and the cheering companionship of a family of promising children. Mr. Slaton was married in
September, 1864, to Miss Cornelia, daughter of David Fouche, of Wilkes county, by whom he had four children, three boys and one girl. Their mother having died, he, in 1875, married Miss Victoria, daughter of Frank C. Armstrong, of Wilkes county, who has borne him five children, two boys and three girls, of whom two girls have died. Mr. Slaton is an active and useful member of the Baptist
church.

BRTAN COUNTY SKETCHES.

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BRYAN COUNTY.
JAMES H. BLITCH, farmer and merchant (Bryan Postoffice), Eden, Effingham Co., Ga., son of William and Eliza Blitch, was born in Effingham county,
May 21, 1841. His father was a large and prosperous fanner, and for many years was a justice of the inferior court of Effingham county. To him nine children were born: Emeline, wife of A. H. Smith, Valdosta, Ga.; Julia, deceased; John Gideon, ex-Confederate soldier, merchant and farmer, Odd Fellow and master Mason, married first Miss Georgia Ann Slater, and after her death married Miss Eliza Brantley; Willis M. L., ex-Confederate soldier, farmer and stock-dealer, and a member of the Baptist church, married Miss Ellen Kennedy; Henrietta P., wife of Isham M. Rinses of Bulloch county; Howard W., ex-Confederate soldier and a member of the Baptist church, married Miss America Cobb; William H., master Mason and member of the Baptist church, married Miss May Young: Laura M., deceased wife of John Rodgers of Tattnall county; James Henry, the subject of this sketch. Mr. Blitch was reared on the farm, and received his education mostly at the schools in Bryan county. In August, 1861, he enlisted under Capt A. H. Smith, Twenty-fifth Georgia regiment, Col. Claude Wilson of Savannah, and was assigned to Gen. Stephens' (of South Carolina) command in Georgia. He was in the exciting and hard-fought campaign from Chattanooga to Atlanta, and in the battle of July 22, 1864, was captured and sent to Camp Chase, Ohio, where he was detained until March 4, 1865, when he was sent to Richmond, where he was furloughed for thirty days, but never returned to the army. That year he took charge of his father's farm, but the year following he went to Savannah, where he served some time on the police force. Retiring from that he engaged in speculation in stock and made considerable money. In 1869 lie began a general merchandise business at Canoochee (now Belknap), Bryan county; and in January, 1875, removed thence to the place he now lives on in Bryan county. After farming five years he established a general mer chandise store in connection with his farm, and since then has devoted his time and attention entirely to his farming and mercantile interests. He has been exceptionally successful in everything he has undertaken, has built up the largest business in the county, and has made a fortune. He has an elegant home, where he dispenses open-handed hospitality, and is preparing for an old age of ease and tranquillity. He has been on the board of jury commissioners, and was county commissioner until the office was abolished. Mr. Blitch was married Sept. 27, 1870, to Miss Sarah E. Groover-- born May 6, 1849--f Bulloch county. They have had eleven children born to them: John Gordon, born Oct. 8, 1871, merchant, Statesboro, Ga., married Miss Jennie, daughter of John G. and Georgia Ann Blitch; James Daniel, born March 7, 1873, of the firm of J. H. Blitch & Son; Samuel E., born April 2, 1875; Charles and Eliza, born Dec. 25, 1877; Thomas Norwood, born Oct. 6, 1880; William H., born Aug. 25, 1882, died Sept. 4, 1884; Brooks, born Aug. 25, 1885: Bessie, born April 13, 1888; Brantley Denmark, born Sept. 30, 1890, and James Hudson, born March 13, 1893. Mr. Blitch is a master Mason and a member of the Baptist church, of which he has been deacon for many years.
MARTIN E. CARTER, merchant, Pembroke, Bryan Co.. Ga.. son of Samuel M. and Emeline Carter, was born near Thomson, McDnffie Co.. Ga., Sept.
21, 1867. Mr. Carter's father was engaged nearly all his life in railroading, was II--22

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a very active member of the masonic fraternity, and prominent in the local lodge at Thomson, and a member of the Baptist church. His mother, who was a devoted and working member of the Baptist church, died Nov. 7, 1892. They were the parents of seven children: Joseph Bradford, Martin Edwin, William
Thomas, deceased; Alice Eugenia, Charles Clifford, Minnie Lee, and Milford Pitts, deceased. Mr. Carter received only a primary education at the country
schools, attending but one term at the high school in Thomson. He began as a farm laborer when fourteen years old, and followed this vocation for some time. He next accepted a situation at Gibson, Glascock Co., Ga., in the employ of the
Augusta, Gibson & Sandersville, now the Augusta Southern railway. After remaining at Gibson for two years he went to Hephzibah, in Richmond county, in the employ of the same company, as section master. He remained there some thing over a year, and then accepted a situation on the Dover & Statesboro railway, engaged in grading and construction of the same. Having finished this he entered the employ of the Central railroad and worked on lines belonging to that system in Georgia and South Carolina. He was next engaged in the con struction of the Savannah & Western (S. A. M.) division of the Central railroad from Meldrim westward to Lyons, and afterward took charge as section master of the section at Pembroke, and held the position three and a half years. In the meantime he had opened a general merchandise business at Pembroke, which he conducted for about a year, and owing to the general increase and growth of
this business he was compelled to resign his railroad position. For two years past he has managed the store himself, and is now doing as large, if not the largest, business of any store in Pembroke. He has succeeded beyond his most sanguine expectations. For one of his age he has had a long and varied practical experience, which evidently has been of great value to him. His business capabili
ties have been developed and bid fair to place him well to the front in the near future. Mr. Carter was married in 1890 to Miss Jennie, daughter of William and
Elizabeth Williams, of Jefferson county, Ga. Her father, now deceased, was a well-to-do and prominent farmer. Two children have blessed this union: Percy Roy, born Dec. 23, 1891, and an infant, which died. Mrs. Carter is a devoted and
working member of the Baptist church, of which she has been a member since she was a twelve-year-old girl.

JAMES N. DUGGAR, farmer, Ellabell, Bryan Co., Ga., son of Nathaniel J. and Sarah Duggar, was born in Bryan county, Dec. 24, 1850. His father was
born in 1813, and his mother in 1818, and both were consistent and devoted members of the Primitive Baptist church, of which for many years he was a deacon. He served the county as tax receiver, as tax collector, and also as a justice of the inferior court To this worthy couple eleven children were born: Joseph J., farmer, married Miss Martha, daughter of Jefferson Butler; Wesley W.,
died in the Confederate service; Annie (deceased); Robert E., died soon after having served through the civil war; Martha E., wife of Leonard F. Cox, Bryan county; John (deceased); James Newton; Charles M., farmer, Bryan county; Harmon, dentist (deceased); Sarah Frances, wife of Pembroke W. Williams, law yer, ex-senator of the First senatorial district; and Herschel, died soon after iiis graduation from the university of Georgia. Mr. Duggar was reared a farmer and received a very good country school education. At the age of eighteen years
lie began farming for himself, and farmed for two years, and then for two years followed the profession of a photographer. He then returned to farming, which lie has since followed with much pleasure, good success and better profit. He has a splendid, productive farm, well improved, with substantial buildings. He was
count}- surveyor for many years, and is now a member of the county board of edit-

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cation, of which he is chairman. Unambitious, not desiring office, he has been content with being considered one of the best of farmers, and a much appreciated neighbor and model citizen. Mr. Duggar was married Jan. 30, 1877, to Miss Elizabeth C.--born May 14, 1851--daughter of Dr. James H. and Catharine C. Johnson, of Liberty county, Ga., and to them eight children have been born: Charles Habersham, Annie E., James Harmon, Dawse Bradwell, Lena Marie, Maggie Estelle, and two which died in infancy. Mr. Duggar is a very ardent and enthusiastic master Mason, having been exalted to the royal arch degree. After having been made a master Mason in one lodge he left it so as to become a charter member of another, and thus aid in establishing it at the county seat; and is now an active member of a lodge near to where he lives.

ISRAEL HENRY HARN, stock-raiser, Clyde, Bryan Co., Ga., son of William and Elizabeth C. Ham, was born in Bryan county, July 13, 1836. His father
was very popular and prominent, and was elected successively a justice of the peace, receiver of tax returns, and justice of the inferior court He was a very ardent and enthusiastic supporter of the Confederate cause, and although fiftytwo years old when the civil war began he enlisted and served gallantly until his death, which occurred Dec. 26, 1861. In early manhood he united with the Methodist church, but later in life changed his belief and became a member of the Missionary Baptist church This worthy couple raised a family of eight children: Israel Henry, Eliza Abigail, Sarah Emeline, Mary Elizabeth, Henrietta, William John David, Georgia Ann Rebecca and James Money. Mr. Harn was raised and educated in Bryan county. In May, 1862, he enlisted under Capt Albert Smith, whose company belonged to a. regiment commanded by Col. Claude Wilson, and of which Rufus E. Lester, now representative from the First congressional district of Georgia in congress was adjutant-general. He was a participant in all the bat tles in which his command was engaged, was in the battles of Chickamauga and
Missionary ridge, and in the many fought between these sanguinary fields and Atlanta and around that city--notably at Peachtree creek and that of July 22, 1864. During his service he was three times wounded--but not seriously and the latter part of the war was detailed as cook for his company. His brother William J. D. was also a soldier in the Confederate service, and the two brothers may be said to have fought side by side in support of the "lost cause." After the war Mr. Harn returned to Bryan county, which he reached in May, 1865, walk ing from Camden, S. C., and engaged in stock-raising; and has about 350 sheep and a herd of sixty cattle, besides hogs for the Savannah market. He was county commissioner, but after holding the office two years resigned. He has been on the board of education two years, of which he is still a member. Mr. Harn was married Feb. 4, 1858, to Miss Martha Ann--born March 28, 1840--daughter of Seth and Amelia Stokes of Chatham county, Ga., by whom he has had nine children: Elizabeth Christiana, born July 7, 1861, wife of Newton Wise, Bryan county; Laura Vandalia, born April 30, 1866, died Jan. 7, 1873; Israel Sylvester, horn Aug. 5, 1868, married Miss Mamie G. Ellaby; Sarah Jane, born April 6, 1871, married J. S. Hamons, Bryan county; Martha A., born Jan. 24, 1873, died Dec. 9, 1893; Stephen David, born Feb. 16, 1875; Dollie, born Sept 24, 1877; Glenn, born Dec. 4,1880; and one (the first born) who died in infancy. Mr. Harn is a working member of the Methodist church, of which he is a district steward
and recording secretary.

JOSEPH J. HUSKE, merchant-farmer, Ellabell, Bryan Co., Ga., son of Leonidas H. and Adaline Huske, was born in Fayetteville, N. C., Aug. 2, 1861. His
father was a manufacturer of naval stores in both the Carolinas. He was a Knight

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of Pythias and a member of the Lutheran church, and a man of excellent business qualities and methods. He was twice married ; by his first wife he had one child, Joseph J.. and by his second marriage five children: William, James, Robert, and Lizzie, all in South Carolina; and Clarke (deceased). Mr. Huske was edu cated in the public and private schools of Fayetteville and Wilmington, and then entered the office of the Richmond & Danville railway, where he remained two . years. From there he went to Leesville, S. C., where he kept books for his father for four years. He then came to Bryan county, Ga., and kept books for four years for K. A. Smith, a gentleman from Virginia engaged in the manufacture of naval stores. He then embarked in a general merchandise business on his own account at Ellabell. and for the time he has been in business--something over three years--he has done remarkably well, exceeding his most sanguine expectations.
He is also engaged in farming, and to these two interests gives his entire time and attention. The enterprise he has displayed, and the energy and judgment with which he conducts his affairs gives promise of splendid business success. Mr. Huske was married in November, 1884, to Miss Emma, daughter of James M. and Amanda Brannon of Bryan county, who died less than four years after, leav ing two children--Meta and Leonidas Brannon. Subsequently he married Miss Ellen Brannon, a sister of his first wife. He is a master Mason, and a member at Eastover, Richland Co., S. C., of the Protestant Episcopal church.

\)MARREX C. JACKSOX, naval stores manufacturer, Pembroke, Bryan Co., Ga., son of Alien and Catharine Jackson, was born in Robeson county, N.
C., June 7, 1862. His father is a well-to-do farmer, and himself and wife are
members of the Missionary Baptist church. Of seven children born to them six are living: Mary, wife of Murdock Mclnnis, Robeson county, N. C.; Duncan,
farmer, same county, married Miss Amanda Parker; Warren C.; John, farmer, same count}', married Miss Mary Harralson; Emily, wife of Irwin Agerton, farmer, South Carolina; Cora, makes her home with Warren C. Mr. Jackson
was raised and educated at the common schools of the county of his birth. When eighteen years old he went to South Carolina and was employed in a store two years, then came to Screven county, Ga., and for thirteen years engaged in the
manufacture of naval stores. Thence he went to Irwin county, and afterward to Bulloch, engaging in both counties in the same business as before. In 1889
he came to Bryan county, and under the firm name of McMillan, Jackson & Co. continued the manufacture of naval stores near where Pembroke stands. Their output the first year was eleven hundred barrels of spirits of turpentine and fortyfive hundred barrels of rosin. Their average annual product has been l,ooo barrels of spirits and 4,500 barrels of rosin, and they give employment to seventy-
five hands. Mr. Jackson is a very energetic and enterprising man, has been successful in all his business undertakings and has established an enviable reputa
tion for integrity and financial ability. Mr. Jackson was married in November,
1890, to Miss Sallie, daughter of Archy L. and Catharine McMillan of Robeson
county, X. C., by whom he has had two children: Thomas Lawrence, born April, 1892, and Xeill Spurgeon, born August, 1893. Mr. Jackson and his wife are members of the Missionary Baptist church, and he is a master Mason and treasurer of the local lodge.

LETFORD, manufacturer of naval stores, Pembroke, Bryan Co., Ga.. son of William and Margaret Letford, was born in New Orleans, La., in 1839. ilr Letford's father was killed while in the army during the war with Mexico, and his mother died when lie was quite small. They were the parents

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of three children: William, John, now in Mobile, and James. Mr. Letford was educated in the common schools of Florida, and in 1862 enlisted in the Marion
dragoons, Capt. William Owens. This company was afterward consolidated with others and organized as the Second Florida cavalry, under the command of Capt William E. Chambers. Under the reorganization he was made second lieutenant of the company, was acting adjutant from the date of organization, and the latter part of the war was adjutant of the regiment. He participated in every battle in which his command bore a part except that of Natural Bridge, in Walton county, Fla., and surrendered to the United States forces at Baldwin, Fla. A part of the time he was under command of Gen. Joseph Finnegan, and a part of it under Peter Turney, the present governor of Tennessee. Soon after the war he went to Savannah, where for eight years he ran forty drays. He then left Savannah
and established himself in the manufacture of naval stores in Bryan county, with headquarters at Pembroke. His average annual output was 3,000 barrels of spirits and rosin, and he gave employment to fifty hands. Mr. Letford was ener getic and enthusiastic, a first-class business man, and took great interest in everything calculated to advance the material interests and promote the welfare of the county. He took great interest in the southern cause, and in everything that tended to keep alive the memory and perpetuate the story of the valor and hardships of his comrades. In 1889 he organized the Confederate Veterans' association of Bryan county, of which he was elected president and has continued to be since. Mr. Letford was married Sept. 6, 1862, to Miss Sarah, daughter of John Stewart, of Columbus, Ga., who died soon afterward, leaving no issue. In October, 1874, he was married to Mrs. Sarah E. (nee MacLeod) jECing, daughter of William H. and Martha A. McLeod. Mrs. Letford's first husband enlisted as a private in the Confederate service, but was promoted to a colonelcy. Of the ninety-nine uniforms contributed to the Roswell troopers by the citizens of Roswell she furnished thirty-three, and did everything she possibly could to promote
the success of the Confederacy. Mr. and Mrs. Letford have had three children born to them: Sarah Stewart, William Donald and Mary B. Mr. Letford was a master Mason, and his wife and all his family are members of the Presbyterian church, of which he was an elder. Mr. Letford died at his home. Bushey Park. Aug. 8, 1895, after an illness of many months, during which time he exhibited all the courage and fortitude of the brave soldier, and all the patience and graces of his exalted Christian character.

nANIEL H. M'MILLAN, naval stores, Pembroke, Bryan Co., Ga., son of Archy L. and Catharine McMillan, was born in Robeson county, N. C., July
12, 1865. His father was a farmer, and also "kept store," and himself and wife are consistent members of the Baptist church. His mother, when his father mar ried her, was a widow Crawford with three children: Mary, Effie and Ella, and after their marriage she bore him nine children: Archy L., Dugan, John, Robert, Lizzie, Sallie, Neill, Daniel Hector and Spurgeon. Mr. McMillan was reared on the farm and was educated at the common country schools. At the early age of seventeen (in 1882) he left his home and came to Georgia and engaged in work on a turpentine farm in Screven county. A year afterward he went to Effinghani county, where he worked a year, and then went to Worth county, Ga.. where he continued his work manufacturing naval stores. From Worth he moved to Bulloch county, formed a partnership and engaged in the manufacture of naval stores under the firm name of McMillan, Jackson & Co. Two years afterward he went to Liberty county, Ga., where under the firm name of McMillan, Smith & Co. he continued the same business. In 1892 he came thence to Bryan county,

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which has since been his home and the field of his labor and his business success. Mr. McMillan was married Dec. 21,1888, to Miss Mary Eliza--born July 29,1868 --daughter of Charles and Sallie Roach, of Bulloch county, by whom he has had three children: Robert Hector, born in Liberty county, Dec. 4, 1890; Beulah, born in Bryan county, June n, 1892, and John Dew, born in Bryan county, April 7,1894. Himself and wife are members of the Missionary Baptist church, and he is a master Mason.

JOHX D. MORGAN, farmer, Ellabell, Bryan Co., Ga., son of Matthew M. and Man,- C. (Caster1) Morgan, was born in Bryan county, Sept. 6, 1856. His
father was born in Effingham Co., Ga., July 15, 1814, and his mother was born Feb. 17, 1819, they were married Feb. 8, 1838, and moved to Bryan county about 1845. The mother, an exemplar}- member of the Methodist church, died Oct. 6, 1878, and the father died, a devout member of the Baptist church, Nov. I, 1880. Although exempt by age, he volunteered and served some time in the army during the civil war. They were the parents of thirteen children: Fannin Asbury, born April 5, 1839: Joseph A., born Sept. 10, 1840; Thomas Carter, born Nov. 22, 1842; Irene Elizabeth, born Sept. 20, 1844, died Dec. 10, 1870; Ahoilda Caroline, born Aug. 15, 1846: Mary Lucretia, born June 9, 1848; James Walstein, born April 23, 1850: Williford Goldin, born Aug. 5, 1852; Ellen Sarah, born Oct. 23, 1854. died April 5, 1872: John D., the subject of this sketch; Ida Davenport, born Nov. 16. 1858: Eliza Adeline, born Nov. 15, 1860, died Feb. 6, 1876, and Albert Matthew, born Oct. 23, 1863. The three eldest sons, Fannin, Joseph and Thomas, served in the Confederate anr.y during the war between the states, and Joseph was wounded in both logs at the battle of Chickamauga. Mr. Morgan's boyhood and early youth were passed prior to and during the troublous times of war and reconstruction, so that his educational advantages were unusually limited. On attaining to manhood he started out in life without means, but by his industry, economy and good management he has accumulated a large property. He has a handsomely improved property in Ellabell, to which he moved that he might give his children better educational advantages than he enjoyed. In 1887 ne was elected sheriff of the county, and re-elected in 1889, serving two terms of two years each. In 1891 he was appointed county commissioner and held the office until it was abolished. Mr. Morgan was married Jan. 22, 1882, to Miss Martha-- born Aug. 12. 1864--daughter of Thomas and Emily Alexander of I'ryan county. Of six children born to them two only are living: Eddie Ida, born March 10, 1884. and Emma Carrie, born July 12, 1885; four died in infancy. Mr. Morgan and his wife are active members of the Methodist church.

JOHX MORRISOX, manufacturer of naval stores, Ellabell, Hryan Co., Ga.,
son of Dr. Malcolm R. and Melissa Morrison, was born in Columbus county, N. C., June 25, 1849. H's father was born in Richmond county, X. C., in 1818. studied" medicine and after his graduation settled in Whiteville, Columbus Co., N. C.. where he established himself in his profession and is still actively pursuing it. He served as a surgeon in the civil war, is a member of the f. O. O. F. and a devout and revered member of the Prebyterian church. Mr. Morrison's mother was born in Columbus county in 1830, was an exemplary member of the Presby terian church and died Dec. 31, 1889. They reared a large family of children: John, the subject of this sketch: Charles K., superintendent of his brother's business in Morrison, Bryan county; Fannie, deceased wife of H. II. McEachern;
Amelia, wife of \V. E. Thigpen. Edgecombe county, N. C.: Mollie, wife of Sam Lumsden, Favetteville, X. C.: Xorman A., Whiteville, N. C; Flora, wife of H. A.

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McEachern, Quitman, Ga.; Maggie, with her father; Sallie, wife of George
Morton, Waycross, Ga. 'Mr. Morrison was raised and principally educated in Whiteville, and started in life by clerking in a dry-goods store, going to school
a year and then clerking a year alternately until he obtained a very good academic education, and taught one year in the Whiteville academy. He then went to
Horry county, S. C., where he engaged as bookkeeper two years, and went thence to Fairneld county, S. C., and embarked in the manufacture of naval stores and
followed the business there with fair success for six years. In 1881 he came to Georgia and established himself in Bryan county in the same business, in which
he is still engaged. He owns a turpentine still at Ellabell, and one of larger
capacity at Morrison, Bryan county, which is in charge of his brother Charles. His output annually is from 1,000 to 1,200 barrels of spirits, and about 4,000 barrels of resin, giving employment to about seventy-five hands. He also con ducts a general merchandise store at Ellabell, is doing the largest business on the Savannah & Western railway and is the largest taxpayer in Bryan county. He is an ardent friend and substantial supporter of education, and although not a member of any church is a liberal contributor to all religious objects, building
churches, etc. Broad-minded, big-hearted and open-handed, mindful and generous to the poor, he is a valuable citizen and a potential power for good. He is a stanch democrat, was a long time chairman of the county democratic com
mittee, and chairman of the executive committee when Gov. Atkinson was chairman of the state executive committee. He is a stockholder in the Middle Georgia & Atlantic railway, of which he has been a director, and is a stockholder
in the Noel flouring mills at Estill Springs, Tenn. He is vice-president of the Union Land company of Ellabell, which is composed of some of the wealthiest
people of Savannah. Ellabell is about twenty-four miles from Savannah, and about sixty feet above tide water, is a flourishing place and was named in honor of his daughter Ellabell, and the town of Morrison was named for Mr. Morrison himself. He has in Ellabell an elegant and delightful residence, said to be the most complete and the handsomest between Savannah and Americus, and leaves nothing undone calculated to aid to the city's prosperity and promote its advancement socially, educationally and religiously. He serves the people and the government as postmaster. Mr. Morrison was happily married in Brooklyn,
N. Y., Feb. 22, 1877, to Miss lola Bell, daughter of Samuel and Adaline Bell, of Conway, S. C. Three children have blessed this union: Ellabell, born July 20, 1878, who attended the college at Roanoke, Va., a year, also Lucy Cobb institute, Athens, Ga., one year, and is now attending Agnes Scott institute, Decatur, Ga.:
Robert Malcolm, born March 29, 1891, in Savannah, Ga.: Montague Boyd, born Aug. 13, 1887. Mr. Morrison is confessedly the most successful citizen of Bryan
county.

JOHN H. POWELL, manufacturer of naval stores. Maiden Branch, Bryan
Co., Ga., son of John Giles and Louisa Powell, was born in Columbus county, N. C., June 18, 1863. His father and mother were natives of North Carolina, and both were devout members of the Missionary Baptist church. His father was a good and prosperous farmer, also had a general merchandise store, and was a master Mason. Nine children were born to them: Susan, deceased; Luther Clar
endon, married Miss Martha Tison, of South Carolina: James Irwin, deceased: Sarah, deceased wife of D. C. Newton. Pooler. Chatham Co.. Ga.: Leonora J., wife of Stephen H. Collins, Pooler, Ga.; Estelle E., deceased wife of Ralph Tison, of
South Carolina; James A., naval stores, Hampton county. S. C; John Henry, and Louisa Giles, deceased. Mr. Powell was educated in the common schools of Columbus county, and when seventeen years old commenced farming for himself on

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MEMOIRS OP GEORGIA.

the home place. He was quite successful, and at the end of t\vo years he migrated to South Carolina and engaged in the manufacture of naval stores, remaining there four years with satisfactory profitable results. In 1886 he came to Georgia and
settled in Bryan count}-, where he has continued his business with wonderful suc
cess. At Maiden Branch he individually owns a plant whose output is from 3,500 to 4.000 barrels of spirits and resin per annum. He also owns an interest in
two other plants, one in Bryan and one in Montgomery county, whose combined
product is about 6.000 barrels annually of spirits and resin. In addition to these large and profitable enterprises Mr. Powell conducts a large fanning interest, and
has a general merchandise store at Maiden Branch. The remarkably successful and profitable management of these several large and varied interests show that
he is an energetic and careful business man and possessed of rare financial ability. He also discharges the duties of postmaster at Maiden Branch. He has always
been a democrat, and cast his first vote for Grover Cleveland in 1884. By appoint ment of the grand jury he examined the books of the Bryan county officials. He is a master Mason, and has filled various offices in the local lodge. Georgia has
need of men of his superior characteristics, and it is hoped he will be patriotic
enough to not longer neglect their transmission.

JAMES M. SMITH, railway contractor, Pembroke, Bryan Co., Ga., son of James Franklin and Amelia Smith, was born in Sandersville, Washington Co., Ga.,
Aug. 19. 1856. The life occupation of Mr. Smith's father was farming, and he was one of the most successful and largest farmers in the county, cultivating 600 acres
of land, running twenty plows, and making all kinds of farm products. He was very public-spirited and popular, and took great interest in the cause of education generally, and did all he could to increase and improve the schools. For many years he was sheriff of Washington county; was a master Mason, and held various offices in the local lodge, and was a strict member of the Baptist church, of which he was a deacon. Twelve children were born to him: Asa F., deceased; Elmira Elizabeth, deceased wife of William T. Jordan, Washington county; Isaac A., who married Mamie E., daughter of Col. William Invin, one of the largest and richest planters in Washington county, which he has several times represented in the gen eral assembly: James Madison, the subject of this sketch; George Henton, de ceased: Mamie, deceased: William Tullie, contractor, Bryan county; Lee Jeffersun. who married Miss Annie Roach, and operates a sawmill and ginnery; Sallie A., wife of William Devereaux, Hancock county; Susan F., wife of Harvey T.
Jordan, of Washington county: Eugenia, deceased; Carrie E., wife of Robert J. Zittrower. merchant. Pembroke. Mr. Smith grew to manhood and received a very good education in the common schools. On arriving at maturity he commenced farming, but after following it sonic years became interested in railroad construc
tion. His first contract was with the Columbus & Western, and his next was with
tlit Georgia Southern & Florida. ()n the completion of that he contracted to furnish the ties for the Savannah & Western railway, since which he has made a large contract with the Central of Georgia and the R. & I), to furnish ties and all kinds of railway material, to which he is at present giving his attention. Mr. Smith has a splendid farm near Pembroke, and one of the finest residences in tintown and vicinity. He is a warm and substantial supporter of the schools, of \yliich
he is a trustee. He is mayor of the town and dispenses justice to all cases without fear or favor. He is well read and well posted on current events, and exercises a wide and beneficial influence. Mr. Smith has been married twice. He was first married Dec. 21. 1876. to Miss Teuella Inez, born Feb. 14, 1862, daughter of William M. an<l Caroline E. Snell. of Washington county, by whom he had four rhildren: P.yroii. born Aug. 2\. and died Sept. 8, 1878; Vivien S., born July 21,

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1879, assistant agent at Lyons on the Sav. & W. railway; Fleta Inez, born Aug. 31, 1881, at school; Wallace Kyle, born Sept. 14, 1883, at school. Mrs. Smith, who was a devout and exemplary member of the Christian church for nine years, died Sept 20, 1889. Subsequently Mr. Smith contracted a second marriage with Mrs. Ida G. (nee Williams) Duggar, daughter of James T. and Susan Williams. Mr. Williams served many years as county judge; was at one time sheriff of the county, and for a number of years represented Bryan county in the general assembly. He was also a soldier in the Confederate army during the late war. during which service he was severely wounded. Three children have blessed this last union: Annie Esler, born Oct. 25, 1891; Carrie Amelia, born April 8, 1893, and Tames Hinton, born July g, 1894. Mrs. Smith is an active member of the Methodist church, and he is an influential member of the Christian church, of the Sundayschool of which he has been superintendent for many years. He is also a master Mason, a member of Pembroke lodge, Xo. 362, in which he has always held some
official position.

ALFRED PEYTOX SMITH, lawyer, Ellabell. Bryan Co.. Ga.. son of Albert Glenn and Elizabeth Caroline Smith, was born in Bryan county Xov. 28. 1863.
(For particulars as to the antecedents of the family connections see sketch of Wilbur Bird Smith in these Memoirs.) Mr. Smith received his primary education in the common schools of the county, then attended the boys' high school department of Chatham academy three years, and at intervals has taught school in, Bryan county eight years. He read law in Savannah under the preceptorship of Lester & Ravenal (whose senior partner now represents the First congressional district of Georgia in
congress), and was admitted to the bar at Chatham superior court Tune 2, 1882, Judge Henry B. Tompkins presiding. He immediately established an office in Bryan county, which has since been his home and the field of his professional suc cesses. In 1888 he was elected county school commissioner, has since been reelected, and is now serving a second term, making a painstaking and efficient officer. Mr. Smith was married March 17, 1886, to Miss Irene Ophelia, born Jan.
4, 1863, daughter of Joshua, Jr., and Sarah Elizabeth Smith. He is a working and prominent member of the Methodist church, has been secretary and steward of the local church a number of years, and recording steward of the quarterly confer
ence of Bryan district.

W1LBUR BIRD SMITH, clerk superior court, Ellabell, Bryan Co., Ga., son of Albert Glenn and Elizabeth (Van Brocken) Smith was born in Bryan county.
April 5, 1859. With the exception of two years, members of this family have held the office of clerk of the superior court from 1819 until the present time. Mr. Smith's grandfather, Joshua Smith, held the office from 1819 to 1854: Henry E.
Smith (cousin of incumbent), 1854 to 1871; Albert G. (.incumbent's father), 1873 to 1886; and incumbent from 1886 to the present time. Mr. Smith's father was born in Bryan county. May 26, 1827, was a prosperous fanner, was elected clerk of the superior court in 1873, and held it until his death in 1886. In early life he was an "old-line whig," but after the war acted with the democrats. His widow, born Aug. 26, 1835. married May 26,1858, is still living. This \\orthy couple had eleven children born to them: Wilbur Bird and Walter Scott, the last-named a car penter; Isabel \ ., born Xov. 7, 1861; Alfred Peyton, born Xov. 28, 1863, lawyer; Albert Glenn, born Jan. 30, 1866. manufacturer of naval stores; Charles Joshua, born April 19, 1867, druggist, Ridgeway, S. C: Leroy W., born Sept. 23, 1869, has been teaching, now attending school at Cuthbert, Ga.: Mary E.; Lizzie Clyde; and Ophelia Ruth--and one which died in infancy. Mr. Smith received a fairlv good education at the near-by country schools, and then engaged in farming and

246

MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

made it his life-pursuit. In 1883-4 he was county surveyor to fill the unexpired
term of his deceased father. He was elected the January following, and at three succeeding elections for full terms was elected over some of the most popular citizens of Bryan count}- after hotly contested elections, and at the last election was elected without opposition. The family record is an excellent one, and the fact of the superior court clerkship being held continuously so long speaks well for the recognized and appreciated faithfulness, capability and efficiency of the fatnilv.

BULLOCH COUNTY.
COLOMOX AKIXS was born in Bulloch county, Dec. n, 1838, and is the son of Lewis and Mary Akins. His father was a native of South Carolina, but located
in Bulloch county when a young man and lived there the balance of his life. He was an extensive farmer and very successful in business affairs. He had a family of thirteen children, nine sons and four daughters, all of whom lived to be grown, and all of whom are now dead except three sons and one daughter. Solomon Akins was the twelfth child. He was brought up on the farm, and given a com mon-school education. At the age of twenty he commenced farming for himself. When the war broke out, he enlisted in the Confederate ranks, June 10, 1861. He was in Company I. Xinth Georgia regiment. The regiment was organized at Atlanta and the company commanded by Lloyd C. Belt. Mr. Akins was at the battle of Yorktown, in the Second battle of Manassas, fought all day at Seven Pines, was at Spottsylvania court house, the Wilderness, Gettysburg, Chancellorsville and Knoxville, and the battle of Sharpsburg, not mentioning various small engagements. This record is not surpassed by any soldier in the war. He was wounded at Gettysburg by a piece of shell, and when near Richmond he received a wound in the head, caused by a spent ball. It ploughed a hole through his jaw and knocked out several teeth. His injuries were such that he came home May 5. 1865. He then resumed farming, which he has since continued. He married Miss Lavinia Cliff, daughter of Matthew and Elizabeth Oliff of Bulloch county, on July 31. 1864. They have living children as follows: Mollie Pruella, James F., Matthew \\".. William Harrison, Julia, Maxie, Maud Roach and Ruth. Mr. Akins has belonged to the masonic order for twenty years. He has always been a demo crat in politics, and lias served as magistrate ten years, and as jury commissioner twelve years. He \vas census enumerator in 1880 and again in 1890. He owns a fine farm near Statesboro and is one of the leading farmers of the county.
JAMES FERSHEY AKIXS. farmer, Jimps, was born Jan. 15, 1869, in Bulloch county. He is the third child born to Solomon and Lavinia Akins. His
father is a prosperous farmer of Bulloch county, a man with a wide reputation for honesty, integrity and knowledge on agricultural matters; and is high in the degrees of masonry. James attended the schools of the county until he was nine teen years old. and obtained a good common-school education. He then began farming for himself, and continued at this for two years, when he engaged in the mercantile business at Jimps. at the same time attending to his farming interests. About two years ago he retired from the store, and since then has devoted all his attention to farming. He lias in cultivation 110 acres, and the lands being very

BULLOCH COUNTY SKETCHES.

347

fertile, and his farming conducted scientifically, Mr. Akins derives a good revenue from it He was married September 17, 1893, to Miss Jincy A. Oliff, a daughter of John and Lucy Oliff of Bulloch county. A year later Mr. Akins built a fine home on his farm. Besides the acres in cultivation Mr. Akins has 400 acres of timber land. He is industrious, frugal and is one of the rising young farmers of the county.
MALICHI AKINS, farmer, Statesboro, was born Dec 21, 1840, in Bulloch county, and is the son of Louis and Mary Akins. He is the youngest child
of a family of thirteen and until sixteen years old attended the schools in the neighborhood of where he now lives. He had been fanning for himself for five years when the war broke out He enlisted in Company C, Forty-seventh Geor gia regiment, under Capt. W. W. Williams. He was at James Island, where they lost their captain in the first engagement Mr. Akins was at the battle of Chickamauga, Missionary Ridge, Lookout Mountain and at Kennesaw Mountain, after \vhich they were ordered to John's Island, S. C, thence to North Carolina, \vherc they surrendered. He was also at Jackson, Miss., and was in the Mississippi cam paign. He resumed farming after the close of the war, and with success. He was married to Miss Rhoda Parish, a daughter of Chester and Rebecca Parish, of Bulloch county. They were married September, 1869, and have had five chil dren born to them, viz.: Man- Ann Rebecca, married to Claudius Brannen, a wellknown fanner of Bulloch county; Alice, James J., William McDaniel and one who died in infancy. Mr. Akins has always been a democrat in politics. Mr. Akins lives on his splendid farm near Statesboro. It is finely improved and one of the best farms in the county.

P)AVD POINDEXTER AVERETT, one of Statesboro's prominent business men, was born in New Hanover county, N. C., Nov. 19, 1857, and is the
son of Henry L. and Phoebe Averett. His father was a farmer and manufacturer of buggies, and is now deceased. Both parents were devout members of the Missionary Baptist church and were highly respected citizens in the community in which they lived. The wife is still living. David P. was the oldest child. He attended the common schools of the county until he was eighteen years of age, when he learned the carpenter's trade and soon after embarked in the manufac ture of shoes on a limited scale. In 1882 he concluded to try to better his for tunes by moving to Georgia, and located in Effingham county. He worked at his trade for five years and then engaged in the mill business. In 1893 he moved to Bulloch county and built a large saw and planing mill which he is now operating. Inheriting the business instincts of his father, Mr. Averett has been very successful in all his investments. He was married April 4, 1877, to Miss Melissa J. Bland, daughter of Milton Bland, of Sampson county, N. C. They have seven children: Rosa J., Lillian Daisy, David Percy, Nellie Gertrude, Mary Estelle, Leola Susan and George Sweat. Mr. and Mrs. Averett are members of the Baptist church, the former having united with the church when thirteen years old. He is a member of the Knights of Pythias fraternity and an ex-chancellor commander of the lodge at Guyton, Ga. Mr. Averett is what is called in common parlance a self-made man, a trite term which implies a native indomitable energy, will power and ambition, which evolves success from fierce conflicts with adverse
circumstances.
QEORGE ROSS BEASLEY, farmer, Statesboro, was born Jan. 6, 1842, in Bulloch county, near where he now resides, and is the son of David and
Rebecca (Mickell) Beasley. David Beasley is prominently identified with the

MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.
history of Bulloch county, and in his day was a political leader of state fame. He was born in 1801 and raised in the county where he has'long lived. He was tax collector, clerk and ordinary, and during the war represented Bulloch county in the legislature. He took an active part in behalf of the Confederacy, and was one of the faithful who never gave up hope until the last moment After his disabilities were removed following the civil conflict, he was again elected tax collector. He died in 1883. David Beasley was a man who enjoyed the esteem of everybody and was one of the most popular men in the county. He was honorable in every detail of life, charitable, kind, patient and a friend of all. He was a large planter and successful in building up a large estate. The mother was born in 1807 and died in 1861. Both were sincere members of the Primitive Baptist church. They had born to them eight children, viz.: Harriett, Julia Ann, George Ross, Alien Mikell, James, William Hale, Madison and Elmira A. Y. George Ross Beasley was the third child. He left school in 1861 to enlist in the Confederate army, joining Company E, Fifth Georgia cavalry. He was at Olusta. Fla.. Kennesaw Mountain, at Saltville, Ya., and in a skirmish at Xewnan. Ga. He remained in the service until the war ended. He returned home and spent another term at school, finishing his education. Since then his life has been passed on the farm. He married on Xov. 4, 1868, Miss Sarah Lee, daughter of J. M. Lee. and Marguerite Lee, of Bulloch county, and from this union have sprung thirteen children, as follows: James P., David McDonald, Eula Lee, Ophelia. Cornelia. Irene, George Terrell and Frederick. Five children are dead --William. Marguerite. Mary Ruth and two infants unnamed. Mr. Beasley has served two terms as treasurer of Bulloch county and is a leading member of the Farmers' alliance. As a farmer he has become prosperous and owns a nice farm and comfortable home, where is found a most interesting family.
JOHX FRAXKLIX BRAXXEX, judge of the county court of Bulloch county, was born in the county which he now serves on April 8, 1853. He was the
son of William A. and Jane A. H. Brannen. The father was a farmer and a brave soldier in the Confederate army and attained the rank of captain. They left eight children, four sons and four daughters. John F. was the oldest child. He attended the common schools in his boyhood and then entered the agricul tural department of the university of Georgia. He left college in 1873 to engage in teaching school, and was employed in that avocation several years. He was married to Miss Lena Tullis. daughter of William J. Tullis, of Bulloch county, Xov. 29. 1883. This union has been blessed with the following children: Jessie Ewell. Lessie Alma. Clio (deceased;, William A., Clifton, Ouida and Shelton. He read law under Co. J. A. Brannen, his first cousin, in 1890, and was admitted to the bar in the fall of 1890 by Judge Hines. He has practiced since tliat date, at the same time attending to the cultivation of his big farm near Statesboro. lie was a member of the state senate in 1886-87 from the seventeenth senatorial district, composed of the counties of Bulloch, Screven and Burke, and served with distinction. He was recommended by the grand jury and appointed to his present position by Gov. Atkinson in the fall of 1894. He lias always been identified with the democratic party, lias been a member of the district committee ttiul is prominent in the counsels of the party in the county and state. He united with tike Primitive liaptist church in 1887. awl was for a while clerk of the church. Mrs. lirannen is a member of the Missionary Baptist church. The administra tion of Judge Jirannen has been excellent and lie has proven one of the best judges that ever occupied this bench.

BULLOCH COUNTY SKETCHES.

349

JAMES ALOXZO BRAXXEX, of Statesboro, was born in Bryan county. Ga., Sept 29, 1858, and is the son of James M. and Amanda F. Brannen. His
father was a successful farmer and merchant, and represented Bryan county in the house of representatives in 1878-79. The family is an old Bulloch county one, Mr. Brannen's great-grandfather, William, having settled there in the last century.
His grandfather John lived and died there. James A. Brannen was educated at the Bradwell institute in Liberty county, under S. D. Bradwell, late state school
commissioner. In 1878 he was graduated from the law department of Mercer university. He located in Statesboro in 1879, and began the practice of his profession, and with the exception of five years' residence in Emanuel count}-, where he practiced, he has since been a resident of Bulloch. He was married to Miss Alice V. Williams, a daughter of Frederick S. Williams of Bulloch county, on Feb. 3, 1881, and they have five living children, viz.: Maud. Cecil W., Harvey
D., Neta and Grover. Mr. Brannen was presidential elector in 1888, has been mayor of Statesboro, and is now chairman of the democratic executive committee of his count}'. He is active in the development of the resources of Bulloch county and takes much interest in upbuilding his town. Mr. Brannen's abilities as a lawyer are recognized by his brother practitioners as well as by the public in general, and he commands a large share of the legal patronage of the count}-.

JAMES AUSTIN BRAXXEX, merchant and farmer, Laston. Ga.. was born
March 13, 1856, in Bulloch county, and is the son of John T. and Lavinia Lee Brannen. His father was an extensive farmer and a brave soldier in the Confederate army. He spent a year in a northern prison and when the war closed walked the most of the way to Augusta, Ga.. from Elmira, X. Y., and there his wife met him. He was in the army of Virginia and tinder Gen. Joseph
McAlister. When he returned home he found nothing left but his house and the bare farm, all the improvements being destroyed. He set to work with a will,
however, and, as good a farmer as he was a soldier, he soon had his place in shape again. To John T. Brannen and wife were born four children, as follows: \\~iley.
James Austin, Janie, married to Bedford Everett of Bulloch county, and Edmond. The parents of James A. Branneu are both living. He attended the common schools, but very irregularly, for his service was required to help the family when
the father was fighting in defense of his country, and to help his father when he returned to find his farm a desolate tract of land. He was married March 18, 1880, to Miss Carrie Durden of Emanuel county, daughter of Albert Durden. They have three children: Ethel Brannen, born Feb. 20. 1881: Lula Belle, bom Oct. 18, 1885; Rollin, born June 30, 1887. James Austin Brannen worked for
his father until twenty years old and then started out for himself. He spent six months in Florida, but on his return his father gave him a small farm, where he
has been residing ever since, adding to it, and making improvements every year.
Soon after his marriage he engaged in the mercantile business, which he has since followed with success. He has a farm now embracing about 800 acres of good land. In connection with his property it may be mentioned that he lost several
thousand dollars' worth of property by fire a few years ago. He has now 175 acres of land in cultivation. He is a wide-awake, pushing citizen and one of the county's most progressive agriculturists.

JOSEPH SMITH CONE, one of Bulloch county's distinguished citizens, was born in that county April 14, 1843. His father was James Cone, a large planter
and for years a justice of the inferior court of Bulloch county. He was a. brother of Gen. Peter Cone, who for thirty years represented Bulloch county in the state senate. James Cone was a leading man in his day, and was a moving spirit in the

350

MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

Missionary Baptist church. He married Annie Smith, and to them were born eleven children, of whom Joseph was the eighth. His childhood days were spent on the t'arm. and after mastering the elementary branches of learning he was sent
to the military institute at Marietta. Here he developed a strong and active mind, and entered into his studies and instruction with a zeal that augured well for his future. In the midst of his studies the war broke out and a call for volunteers was made. He left school in 1861 and enlisted as first lieutenant in one of the first Georgia companies, and thus began his remarkable arnu- career. He first
went to the coast and was stationed on James island, where he commanded the detachment that drew the first blood in South Carolina. There he was wounded in the leg, but he refused to go to the hospital and continued on active duty, going into North Carolina in 1862. From that point his command was ordered to Yicksburg, Miss., to join Gen. Johnston, and he was at Jackson, in which
battle his regiment captured three flags. They then reported to Gen. Bragg at Chattanooga. CapL Cone was in command of his regiment at the battle of Chickamauga, soon after which he was promoted to major. He was at the siege of Chattanooga and the battle of Missionary Ridge; and was with the army
in the retreat to Dalton, and down to the Chattahoochee river. He was then sent to reinforce Gen. Sam Jones. He was in the fight on John's island and led his men with success against the Federal breastworks. His bravery here was reported to, and attracted the attention of, the Confederate government, and he was recommended for promotion, and was placed in command of the fort at Secessionville. He left Secessionville in November with his command to reinforce
the army at Honey Hill, S. C., and there led the line of sharpshooters. In this terrible engagement he was three times shot, and badly wounded. He returned home, but as soon as able- reported for duty at Augusta, where he was placed in charge of the reorgani?ation of the troops at Hamburg. After Gen. Lee's sur render his command disbanded in South Carolina. Major Cone returned home and was engaged in teaching for several years. In 1870 he was elected to the state senate, and re-elected in 1872. He served on important committees with distinction, and was regarded as one of the ablest and most useful members of the bodies with which he was connected. When his term expired he returned home and retired from politics: and though frequently urged to be a candidate for other honors, he lias always declined. On April 13, 1870, he was married to Miss Ella Goodman, daughter of John Goodman, Esq., formerly a representative in the legislature from Ijulloch count}-. This marriage has been blessed with three
children, viz.: Sidney Johnston. Ella and Rufus. The wife died in 1880, and Maj. Cone has never again married. Maj. Cone is commander of the Confederate Veterans" association of his county, and takes much interest in the annual reunions held by the organization. He is a consistent member of the Methodist church,
and belongs to the S. A. E. college fraternity, lie resides on his handsome estate near Nelhvood.

M DANIEL DAVIS, inventor and manufacturer, Statesboro, was born in Bulloch county, May 6, 1857, and is the son of John Clark and Sarah Davis. He comes from families of mechanics, and it is not a surprise that his earliest predilection for work was in that line. His father and all his family were mechan ics; likewise the same on the mother's side. William was the fourth child in a familv of nine. He attended the schools in the neighborhood until he was sixteen years old, when he broke away from his books, and much to his delight entered the shop as a workman. He left his father's employ in 1878, when twenty-one years old, to go into business for himself, and opened a manufacturing and general repair establishment. He built and repaired buggies, wagons and agricultural

BULLOCH COUNTY SKETCHES.

351

implements. In 1881 he transferred his business to Statesboro, and added to it a plant for the manufacture of gins, mills, etc. All this time his mind was active as well as his body, and directed toward invention. The first result was a plow which was a success and found large sale. Then next came the famous Davis
gin, which is so extensively used to gin the sea island cotton. It was a success from the start, and the improvements he has added to it have only bettered it. It
is rapidly taking the place of other gins used for ginning that staple. It has more than doubled the facilities of any other gin used for the same purpose, and has reduced the cost to less than half what it was formerly. Mr. Davis is now operat ing a planing-mill, and also manufactures and repairs all classes of machinery, gins,
etc. He was married Sept 30, 1880, to Miss Etta Brannen, daughter of U. M. Brannen, of Bulloch county. Three interesting children are the result of this union: Beulah, Wilmer and Lemuel. The wife died June 14, 1887, and Mr. Davis was the second time married on March 26, 1891, to Lula Preetorius, daughter ot Charles Preetorius, of Bulloch county. They have two children--Alma and Wil liam Diedrick. Mr. and Mrs. Davis are members of the Primitive Baptist church. Mr. Davis is another of those successful business men who have had to rely on
their own exertions to achieve prosperity. When he started in life he had not money enough to buy tools. Industry and energy and a determination to suc ceed, however, soon made him independent. He is the owner of a fine property
in Statesboro.

p OBERT WILLIAMS De LOOCH, a well-known agriculturist and a leader
in the democracy of Bulloch county, lives on his fine farm near Bloys. He was born March 25, 1843, and comes from an old and highly respected Bulloch county family. His father was John De Looch, a big farmer and for many years judge of the inferior court. John De Looch and Ardelia, his wife, were the parents of eleven children: James Hoyt, John Calvin, William H., Joshua D., George Wash ington, Robert Williams, Zachariah Taylor, Julia, Sarah Jane. Emma and Amanda. All are living but Joshua and Washingon. Robert Williams is the tenth child. He went to the neighborhood schools, where he had secured a good education when he enlisted in the Confederate army. He was eighteen years old at the time he became a member of Company E, known as the Bulloch troop of the First
Georgia cavalry. He entered the service in October, 1861, and served until the war closed. He was in several bloody engagements, and was at Noonday church, Stone mountain and at Atlanta, July 22, 1864. He was with the troops when Gen. Johnston surrendered in 1865, and returning home he went to work on the farm. Always active in the interests of his party, his friends determined to honor him, and he was elected in 1873 on tne democratic ticket to represent Bulloch county in the general assembly. So well did he discharge his duties, and so satisfactory was
his vote and course on all public questions, that he was returned in 1875 and again in 1877. He was a member when Ben Hill was elected to the United States senate and again when Thomas E. Norwood was elected that honorable body. He served on the most important committees and established a record for faithful service, industry, and close attention to business that distinguished him in the lower house. He was on the enrolling committee with Gov. Northen, and they became fast friends. After his retirement from the house Mr. De Looch has held no public office, but has served his party on committees, and takes much interest in its success. In connection with his farming Mr. De Looch has taken many large contracts for public works. He is now devoting his entire time to his farm
interests. His estate comprises 360 acres, with a large and comfortable home, pleasantly situated near Bloys. He was married in December, 1866, to Miss Re becca Frances Hodges, daughter of Joshua and Louisa I lodges, of Bulloch county.

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MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

To tliis union have been born eight children, all of whom are living: Horace W.: Emma O., married to John A. Grovestein. of Savannah: James T.: Selima Estelle;
Lorena R.: Robert Bloys; Lloyd Preston, and Yuba Olive. Mr. De Looch is a self-made man. He began life with very little means, but by industry and close application to business he has made himself comfortable for life, and surrounded by his interesting family he can spend his remaining days in the enjoyment of domestic bliss and contentment. He is postmaster at Bloys.

PEY. WARREX JEFFERSON DURHAM was born Dec. 4, 1861, in Greenville. S. C., and is the son of \V. B. and Malinda (Ponder) Durham. The
father was a farmer, and moved to Georgia when this son was two years old. Both parents were members of the Baptist church and highly esteemed by all who knew them. They had born to them eleven children. Warren J. was the youngest child, and was reared on the farm. He prepared for college at Hearn institute, and in the fall term of 1887 he entered Mercer university, graduating in 1891 in the theological and literary courses. He was first engaged in teaching and assisting other pastors in their work, but in March. 1892. accepted a call to Statesboro. and took charge of Statesboro Baptist church and Fellowship church, and has had charge of those churches ever since. He is also pastor of the Baptist church at Pembroke. When he first came to Statesboro he served the Baptist church at Sylvania, in Screven county, and Island Creek church in Hancock county, but was obliged to give them up on account of the multitudinous duties his position places upon him. He united and was baptized into the Baptist church the fourth Sunday in August, 1876. He was made a master Mason in 1887. and is now worshipful master of Ogeechee lodge. Xo. 213. He became a royal arch Mason in 1893, and is king of the Statesboro chapter. Rev. Durham was married in 1881 to Emma, daughter of T.
C. and Man- Hampton, of Floyd county. They have two children living: Beulah and Edward Ryals, and one dead, Otelia. In college Rev. Durham was distin guished for his oratorical and debating powers, and in his junior year was champion debater from his college literary society, and in his senior year was anniversarian from same society. He was a member of the Sigma Alpha Epsilon fraternity, and held the position of eminent archon in this fraternity. He is moderator of the Millen Baptist association, and is secretary and treasurer of the South Georgia
Baptist convention and a member of the mission board of the same. He was elected by the board of education to act as expert of the teachers' institute of Bulloch county in 1894. Mr. Durham is a hard and faithful worker. When he came to Statesboro his church had only sixty members, and now it has about 170. He is a very popular man. strong intellectually, and a power in the community.

REDFORD EVERETT, farmer, Excelsior, was born July 7, 1855, an<l 's tne son of Jehu and Penelope Everett His father, a leading farmer and distin
guished citizen, died in July, 1875, and the mother still lives at the advanced age of seventy-three. The parents were faithful members of the Primitive Baptist church and reared a family of ten children. Bedford Everett was brought up on
the farm, and attended the common schools where he picked up the elements of an education. When twenty years old his labor on the farm was allowed him by his father and he began business for himself. Four years later he had done so well that he found he was able to take care of a wife, and was married to Miss Sarah Jane Brannen, a daughter of John and Lavinia Brannen, neighbors of Mr. Everett. The wedding took place Dec. 16, 1880. This union was followed by five interesting
children, all of whom are living: Joshua, John, Talulah, Penelope and Bernard. Mr. Everett is an enterprising modern farmer, and as such is reaping the bene fits of progressive farming. He is a popular citizen and a man of wide acquaint-

BULLOCH COUNTY SKETCHES.
ance and man}' friends. Mr. and Mrs. Everett and family belong to the Primitive Baptist church. He lives on his fine farm near Excelsior, where they possess a. neat home. Mr. Everett raises varied crops, but of one thing he can boast, he never bought a bushel of corn since he started on his farm. He is a straight forward man, whose integrity is never questioned and who enjoys a high reputa tion for square dealing and industry.
IASON FRANKLIN, fanner, Excelsior, was born Dec. 26, 1845, m Bullooh . county, and is the son of Pernel and Susan Franklin of Bulloch county. The
lather was an old planter of this county and both parents were active church members and respected citizens. There were born to these good people nine children, viz.: Wealthy Ann, wife of Henry Parrish: Mitchell, who enlisted in the Sixty-first Georgia regiment, Confederate army, and was under Gen. Lee in the Virginia army, and who died while in service, leaving a family; Alderman Frank lin, a soldier in the Fifth Georgia regiment cavalry, married and engaged in farm ing in Bulloch county; Hiram, a lieutenant in the Sixty-first Georgia regiment, who was wounded while in service, and is now a farmer, married and living in Bulloch county; Remer was a member of the Sixty-first regiment, and was in the army of Virginia, and is now farming in Bulloch county; Hardy was a member of the Sixty-first regiment, and died in service; Jason, Emily jane, married to CapL Stephen H. Kennedy, of Bulloch county. He was captain of Company D. Sixty-first Georgia regiment; Jasper S., a farmer, and a member of the legislature from Bulloch county for one term. It will be seen that Pernel furnished six sons and a son-in-law to the cause of the Confederacy, and two of these sons gave up their lives in defense of their home and country. Three of these sons were officers. Jason enlisted in the Twenty-second battalion, and served one year in the field near Savannah. He was then seventeen years old. His education had been con fined to the common schools, but he had been a quick learner, close observer and a tireless reader; when the war closed he was competent to teach, and spent a couple of years as a pedagogue. Then he turned his attention to fanning and this has been his life occupation. He was married to Miss America Roundtree, a daughter of John and Nancy Roundtree of Emanuel county in January, 1866, and to this union have been born eleven children, all living except two, who died in infancy--nine sons and two daughters. They are: Julia AnnabeUa: Virgil E.; Hirschel V.; J. Russell; Oscar J.; George B.; Rufus C.; Paul G.; and Minnie Lou. Mr. Jason Franklin and wife are members of the Primitive Baptist church. Mr. Franklin served as clerk of the superior court two terms, from 1880 to 1884. He lives on a fine farm near Excelsior. He takes much interest in politics, not as a candidate, but in the success of the democratic party, with whose interests he is identified.
JAMES A. FULCHER, merchant, Statesboro, was born Oct. 9, 1847, n Rich mond county, and is the son of William and Ann Fulcher. The father was a
farmer and both parents belonged to the Missionary Baptist church. William and Ann Fulcher had born to them four sons and three daughters, and of these two sons and one daughter are living. James A. was the youngest son. He attended the common schools and joined the Confederate army when he was sixteen years old. He enlisted in Company D, Twenty-second Georgia battalion arfillery, and was wounded in the battle of Bentonville. He had two brothers in the army. His oldest brother commanded Company I, Ninth Georgia infantry. After the war Mr. Fulcher took just such work as presented itself and for a while was engaged in cutting timber. In the fall of 1869 he was employed as clerk in a store at Scarboro, Ga., where he remained until April, 1872, when he became a
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MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

partner. After a partnership of eleven years Mr. Fulcher bought the whole busi ness, and in 1893 he located in Statesboro. Mr. Fulcher was first married to Miss Alifra J. Heard, in March, 1876. She was the daughter of George Heard of Screven county. There were born to them three children: Willie J., Charles G. and Annie F. The wife died Sept 10, 1881, and he was married the second time to Miss Mollie Rabun, daughter of Gen. J. W. Rabun of Screven county, June 6, 1883. They have two children, a son and a daughter, viz.: Nina Rabun and Robert E. Mr. Fulcher has been a member of the Methodist church for twenty-six years, and a steward of the church for twenty-five years. He was made a Mason at Millen in 1872. Mr. Fulcher is a member of the board of directors of the States boro bank, president of the Dover and Statesboro Telegraph company, treasurer of Statesboro, and superintendent of the Methodist Sunday school. Mr. Fulcher is an alert, enterprising and sagacious business man--one of the most proficient financiers of the state. He has been actively engaged in business since a boy, and has acquired an experience and knowledge which places him in the front rank of the practical business men of the south. With this, an enterprising spirit and indomitable industry, he is a valuable acquisition to the business circles of any community.

T)ANIEL REISER GROOVER, attorney-at-law, Statesboro, was born in Bulloch county, Aug. 19,1851. His father was Samuel E. Groover, an extensive
planter and eminent citizen of his day, and his mother was Martha Cone, a mem ber of the distinguished family of that name. They had born to them seven children, of whom Daniel was the third. He was brought up on the farm, attended the common schools, then a preparatory course at Rock college at Athens, and in September, 1870, entered the sophomore class of the university of Georgia. He graduated from the law department in the spring of 1873, and located in Savannah, where he entered the law office of Jackson, Lawton & Bassinger. He stayed there until 1875, when he returned to his home, and there practiced his profession and farmed for thirteen years. In 1888 he moved to Statesboro, and has since devoted his entire time to the practice of his profession with success. He is regarded as one of the ablest lawyers in the county, and has been a successful business man. He was married in November, 1878, to Miss Talulah R. Rawls, a daughter of Col. Morgan Rawls. They have four children, three sons and one daughter,
viz.: Daniel R., Annie, George Toombs and Frank M. Mr. Groover has belonged to the masonic lodge for nearly twenty years, and has attained the rank of a royal arch Mason. He is president of the Bank of Statesboro, which was organized in January, 1894, and is a member of the law firm of Groover & Johnston. The firm are attorneys for the bank and for the Dover & States boro railroad. Mr. Groover is related to the Denmark and Groover families of Brooks and Thomas counties. On his father's side he descends from one of the Salzburgers, who settled in Effingham count}' in 1735. He is the grandnephew of Peter Cone, who for thirty successive years represented Bulloch courty in the legislature.

WILLIAM ASBURY HODGES, farmer, Mill Ray, was born April 3, 1842, in Bulloch county, and is the son of Hardy B. and Marguerite Hodges.
His father was a fanner and a member of the Methodist church south. He was for years justice of the peace for the forty-eighth district Hardy B. died when sixty years old, and the wife at the age of forty-four. There were born to them ten children, of whom William Asbury was next to the oldest He obtained a good education in the public schools and began to teach when eighteen years old.

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355

He enlisted in the Bullock troops, Fifth Georgia cavalry, Confederate army, and was wounded at Aiken, S. C, and spent a month in the Augusta hospital. He married on January 2, 1877, Miss Emma Slater, daughter of John G. and Susan
Slater. They have eight children living and one dead. They are: Bertha, Qaudia, Hardy Wynn, John Slater, James Eddie, Frederick W., Susan, Mar garet, May (deceased), and William Leveritt Mr. Hodges has been a member
of the church for thirty-eight years and is a steward and trustee of the New Hope congregation. Mr. Hodges' entire interests are in farming, and his farm is a model one. He lives in a handsome residence at Mill Ray. Mr. Hodges has proven himself to be a great blessing to society and the church. Of an amiable disposition, and always acting from a high sense of honor and duty, he is a model type, eminently worthy of faithful emulation--a warm friend, a faithful husband and patriotic citizen. He has proven a very sincere worker in the Sunday school cause, working earnestly and being actuated not only by a high sense of duty, but stimulated by the great pleasure it affords him.

QREENE SHARPE JOHNSTON, lawyer, Statesboro, was born July 14, 1860, in Sylvania, Screven Co., Ga., and is the son of Dr. John W. and Marguerite
(Zeagler) Johnston. The father was a distinguished physician and leader in poli
tics, representing Screven county two terms in the legislature and the seventeenth district in the state senate. He was a high Mason, and for years a steward in the Methodist church. The mother was an excellent woman of exemplary domestic traits and of intellectual accomplishments. Four children were born to them--
three sons and one daughter--of whom Greene Johnston was the third child. He attended school at Scarboro and then took a course of commercial training at the Eastman Business college, of Poughkeepsie, N. Y. He engaged in the manufac
ture of naval stores for six years, when he determined to adopt the profession of law. He had been reading and studying for some time, so one year at the uni versity of Georgia enabled him to graduate. This was in 1887, and a year later
he located in Statesboro and began practicing. In 1892 he formed a partnership with Col. Thomas H. Potter, but the death of the latter soon terminated it He was then nominated by the democratic party for the state senate from the seven teenth district, and was elected by a large majority, carrying every county in the
district. His record in the senate was a most creditable one, and he took a prominent part in the important debates of the session and in the work of the chief committees, of which he was a member. After his term of office expired he formed a partnership with Col. D. R. Groover in the practice of law, and
this firm still exists. Mr. Johnston was elected mayor of Statesboro in 1891, but declined re-election. On Dec. 23,1880, he was married to Miss Nannie Outland, daughter of B. T. and Parmelia Outland. They have living four children: Mar guerite, Greene S, Jr., Jessie Outland and Annie Taylor. Mr. Johnston has been a member of the Methodist church since 1877 and is now steward of the church at Statesboro. He is a member of the order of the Golden Chain, and himself and wife are valued members of society. Mr. Johnston is an able and accom plished lawyer, a highly successful practitioner, a polished gentleman and an
eminent citizen.

P)ANIEL LEONARD KENNEDY, physician, Metier, was born Jan. 21, 1836^ in Bulloch county, and was the son of Stephen and Mary (Holland) Kennedy.
Stephen Kennedy was an extensive farmer in his day and lived to be over one hundred years old. He was twice married. By his first wife he had nine children,

MEMOIRS OP GEORGIA.
of whom Daniel was the youngest He was educated in the common schools of Bulloch county, and at twenty years old commenced to farm for himself. He served in the Seminole Indian war of 1856-58 and in 1861 enlisted in the Con federate army. He was captain of Company G, Forty-seventh Georgia regiment, in Gen. Joseph E. Johnston's army. He was in the battle of Chickamauga, Kennesaw Mountain, Missionary Ridge and at Atlanta, July 22, 1862. He was at Jackson, Miss., and reached Vicksburg the night before the surrender. He was at Bentonville and Averysboro, N. C., and at James Island, S. C. He was at Greensborough, N. C., when Gen. Lee surrendered, and walked home, it taking him fifteen days. On Sept 14, 1865, Dr. Kennedy was married to Miss Abcillo Parrish, daughter of Benjamin Ellis. They have two children--Florida A., born Jan. 5,1867, and married to Dr. L. J. McLean of Statesboro, and Wallace Daniel, born June 14. 1872, who is a graduate of the medical department of the university of Georgia, Augusta, class of 1891. Dr. Kennedy first read medicine under a preceptor before the war and entered the medical college of Georgia, Augusta, in 1858. He had no chance to practice his profession until he came home from the war. Dr. Kennedy and wife are members of the Primitive Baptist church and Dr. Kennedy is a strong democrat and has served Bulloch county in the legislature in 1871-73-75-76 and again in 1892-93. He has been elected every time by handsome majorities, and in 1892 defeated the populist candidate by 500 majority. As a member of the legislature Dr. Kennedy was on important com mittees and was considered one of the best legislators of the general assembly. He enjoys a large and lucrative practice and ranks among the foremost in his profession in the state. Dr. Kennedy is a member of the state medical association. He lives on a fine farm of 225 acres near Metter. He has a mind well stored with medical knowledge and scholarly attainments. He is energetic and progressive, a close student, and keeps fully abreast of all the latest improvements and advance ments in the medical science. Blending mental with social and moral culture, he is deservedly popular and eminently useful.
CDMOXD KE.VXEDY, farmer, Jimps, was born March 24, 1824, and was the son of Stephen and Mary Kennedy of Tattnall county. They were early
settlers of this section of the state and lived a life-time in the county in which they took up their homo. Stephen and Mary Kennedy were hardy pioneers and when Edmond was horn lived on their large farm in a block house, surrounded by a dense forest in which wild game was almost as plentiful as the blackberries. He toiled at the forest and tilled the soil and the wife spun and reared a family. Thus was a home built for the nine children born to the parents. Edmond was the fifth child. His schooling \vas very meager. His aid was needed on the farm, at the plow or with the ax, and he does not think he got seven months of schooling all together. Hut this did not keep him from reading extensively and storing his mind with much useful knowledge. He was taught early, by the parents and by their example, high ideas of morality and religious duties and for thirty years has been a member of the Missionary Baptist church. He enlisted in the Fifth Georgia cavalry under C'apt. Waltower. in February, 1862, and served till the war closed, being in many skirmishes, but no regular battles. He has been engaged in farming and milling all his life and has been fortunate in accumulating a good property. Mr. Kennedy has been married twice. His first wife was Elizabeth Bird, a daughter of Wiley Bird. She died in October, 1894, and he was married the second time to Miss Sarah Alderman on Sept. 14, 1895. His children are as follows: Mary, Daniel, Andrew J., Edmond, Eliza, Elislia and James. Mr.

BULLOCH COUNTY SKETCHES.
Kennedy is still active and looks after his extensive farming and milling interests and shows a bright intellect and vigorous constitution, which still promises many years for him.
HARLIE ALGERNON LAXIER, merchant, Statesboro, was born in ^ Effingham county, Ga., April 24, 1868, and is the son of T. W. and Clara A. (Smith) Lanier. His father is a minister of the Baptist church and a native of Effingham county. His mother, a woman of high intellectual attainments and culture, is a sister of Prof. Cosby \V. Smith, who for a long time was a professor in the Wesleyan Female college at Macon; of Prof. O. L. Smith, president of Emory college, and also of Rufus \V. Smith, president of La Grange Female college. The parents had six children, three boys and three girls, of whom Charlie A was the next to the eldest. His father moved to Screven county when he was quite small, and he attended for several years the schools of that county. His health failed and he was prevented from completing his education in a college, but was instructed and taught by his talented mother, whose capabilities in that way were equal to those of his illustrious brothers. \Yhen fifteen years old Charlie entered the store of his uncle in Waynesboro and remained there five years. He went from there to Millen, where he remained with another uncle a short time, then going to Statesboro in 1889. Here he entered in business for himself. He had formed habits and established traits of character, which with his mercantile training, assured his success. From the first his business prospered and increased in volume daily, and in 1891 he was the owner of two big stores. This year he met with misfortune, the largest of his stores, consisting of an immense stock, representing the great part of the accumulation of his business career, was destroyed by fire. He was not discouraged, however, but continued his trade at the remaining store, with his former success. He now has one of the largest mercantile houses in Statesboro. Mr. Lanier is an active member of the Baptist church, joining that denomination fourteen years ago. He belongs to the order of the Golden Chain. He wedded Miss Stella F. Wilson, daughter of George G. and Mary Wilson, in 1890. Mrs. Lanier is a graduate of Andrew Female college of Cuthbert, Ga. They have three children: Marie Clare, Thomas Fleetwood and George Wilson.
MORGAN R. LEE, one of the prosperous farmers of Bttlloch county, was born near where he now lives, Oct. 6, 1851. He is the son of Gen. George W. and
Lavinia Lee. The father was a well-known planter and active in the affairs of the Primitive Baptist church. Morgan was the second of nine children. From a boy he was fond of the farm, and at an early age did the work of a man. He attended the country schools near his home and there obtained his education. When about twenty-one years old, on Nov. 27, 1872, he married Miss Mary Anderson, a daughter of William Anderson of Bulloch county. Their wedded life has been a happy one, and also a fruitful one, for they have been favored with nine children, all of whom are living. They are: Erastus Theodore, who is married; Letitia L. Monico, Wayley, Clayton R., Mary D., Maud Irene, William Clem, Russell, and a babe unnamed. Mr. Lee has passed his life on the farm, and when one surveys his possessions, he cannot think other than that when he selected his avocation, he exercised wise judgment. He began farming on his own account with a capital of only $500 and now owns one of the nicest farms in the county, besides other property. He is a man who enjoys the confidence and respect of all who have the pleasure of his acquaintance. Mr. Lee and wife are members of the Primitive Baptist church. He resides in a comfortable home on his estate near Statesboro.

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ROBERT FRAXKLIX LESTER, one of the best known farmers of Bulloch county, was born June 22, 1853, in Bryan county, and was the son of Malcomb
B. and Mary Lester. The parents moved to Bulloch county when Robert was
about one year old and lived there until this son was eight years old, when they removed to Bryan county, where they resided until he was twenty-three years
old. In 1876 they concluded to try their fortune in Statesboro. The father was an extensive farmer and good business man, a true Christian, and a brave and patriotic citizen. He was among the first to enlist in behalf of the Confederacy and gave up his life for his country. He died in October, 1864, and the mother, a noble, self-sacrificing woman, survived him till May, 1883. Both were active members of the Baptist church. There were born to them seven children, and Robert Franklin was the third child. He was educated in the country schools and at the Bradwell institute, in Hinesville, Liberty county. This institution was
then under the management of Capt S. D. Bradwell, ex-state school commis sioner. Mr. Lester left school when twenty-one years of age, and as he had
expended what money he had on his last year's schooling, he practically began life without a dollar. He taught school one year and then went to Statesboro and embarked in the mercantile business. He also conducted a hotel in that place and was one of its substantial and enterprising citizens. In 1891 he gave up his business interests there and retired to his big farm near by, where he has since lived, giving his entire time to farming. When Mr. Lester located in Statesboro, the biggest part of that now thriving town was in woods, with bunches of rabbits running about. He was one of the first residents of the place, and there is to-day not a citizen in Statesboro who was living there when Mr. Lester took up his abode, and there is only one house in the present town that was there then. He has seen the small place of a few souls develop into a town of 1,500
people, from an obscure inland town to a thriving railroad town. During his residence there he saw real estate increase in value from $8 an acre to $25 an acre and farm land, $1.50 per acre to $20 per acre. Mr. Lester takes much interest
and has a just pride in the development of the town. He was made a Mason in 1878. He was married in 1880 to Ida T. Everett, a daughter of Jehu Everett and Penelope Everett of Bulloch county. They have seven children, viz.: Leah, Eunice, Hampton P., Daniel B., Hugh Everett, Malcomb B. and Ruth. The
eldest four are in school at Statesboro. Mr. Lester lives on a highly cultured farm of 175 acres, which he manages with great success. He raises chiefly sea island cotton and home supplies.

I OGAX JUDSOX M'LEAN, dentist, Statesboro, was born May 24, 1858, in Bulloch count}', and is the son of Thomas L. and Ellen McLean. His father
was a farmer and a brave soldier in the Confederate army, and died from the effects of a wound received in battle. There were two sons: John L., who is a physician practicing in Tattnall count}-, and Logan, the youngest. Dr. McLean entered Vanderbilt university in 1884, and graduated from the literary department, and in 1887 was graduated from the dental department. He soon after located in Metier, in Bulloch county, where he practiced his profession until Feb. 21, i8qi, when he settled in Statesboro, and has practiced since that time in that place. He
was married to Miss Eliza F. Kennedy, a daughter of Dr. D. L. Kennedy, of Metter, who represented Bulloch county in the legislature in 1892-3, and has served three terms. They were married Feb. 8, 1882, and to this union have been born the following children: John D., Ellis Judson, Carl Grady and Abbie. Dr. Mc
Lean is a member of the order of the Golden Chain. He enjoys a large practice, and it extends throughout the whole county.

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359

JAMES SIMON MIKELL, farmer, Statesboro, Ga., was born Oct. 18, 1855, in Bulloch county, and is the son of Thomas and Sarah Mikell. Thomas Mikell
served in the Confederate army, and is a farmer living in Bulloch county. He was
the father of nine children, all of whom are living, as follows: James S., William, Henry, Marguerite, Emeline, Catharine, Jack, Julia, Luddie. James S. is the eldest child. His education was meager, having no other opportunity than the few days'
schooling picked up at intervals each year at the country school. And this only till he was seventeen years old, when all of his time was given in help of his father
. on the farm. When nineteen years old he began life on his own account His father gave him a few acres and a home, and this was the basis of the fine farm
he now owns. On Oct 3, 1877, he married Miss Julia Wilson, a daughter of Benjamin Wilson,, of Bulloch county. They have been blessed with five children: Thomas Virgil, bom August, 1880; Ramer Coleman, born March 30, 1882; Sallie
Lee, born March 30, 1885; Brooks, born Feb. 25, 1889; and Alien, born Sept. 25,
1893. James S. Mikell has devoted his entire time to farming, and has been reason
ably successful in securing a share of this world's goods, and happy in securing an excellent, loving wife, and rearing an interesting family of children. He lives m
a neat home situated about two miles from Statesboro.

TVY SIMMONS LANE MILLER, physician, Mill Ray, was born Jan. i, 1849, in Bulloch county, and is the son of Rev. John R. Miller and Nancy A. Miller. His
father was a farmer and Baptist minister and a distinguished Mason. To John R. Miller were born seven chidren, viz.: Sarah A., married first to Thomas G. Hotchkiss, and the second time to Henry Murphy; Lanie, married to B. W. Darsey; Lewis L.; Francis Marion and Wealthy J. (twins); America A.; Ivy S. L. Dr. Miller was the youngest child. He was educated in the common schools of Bulloch county. Too young to go to the war, he saw two brothers enlist, one of whom was killed in battle. After he left school he taught school several terms, and in 1869 he located in Savannah, where he entered the medical college. He was graduated in 1872, and for two years was engaged in the drug business in that city. Then he located at his father's home and began the practice of his profession. His success was immediate, and he has built up a big practice. He married Miss Mary Jane Harn, daughter of William and Mary Ann Harn, on May 17, 1877. They only have one child living, Ada E. Miller; Florence Gordon, another daughter, being deceased. Dr. Miller has been a member of the Missionary Baptist church for thirty years. Mrs. Miller also belongs to that church. He belongs to Mill Ray lodge, No. 389, Masons, and was made a Mason in 1881, joining Ogeechee lodge, No. 213. He was made a royal arch Mason in 1892. Dr. Miller is a physician and surgeon of acknowledged abilities, and through intellectual and moral merit has acquired a large practice. He is a thorough scholar, close student, brilliant conversationalist, genial and urbane in all his business relations and popular with all classes. The doctor loves his profession, which, properly understood and prac ticed, is the most vitally important and honorable among men--the trucdoctorbeing the truest philanthropist, and in his hands measurably hangs life and death. Thus in whatever will promote the advancement of his profession and tlte interests of humanity, Dr. Miller will always be found in the front rank. In social and benevo lent affairs the doctor always takes a lively interest.

J)ANIEL N. NICHOLS, farmer and physician, Portal, was born Feb. 4, 1852, where he now resides, and was the son of Theophilus and Rebecca Nichols.
His father was a large farmer, honored and esteemed by the community, and
though possessed of only a limited education, was successful in the management of his many acres, and previous to the war accumulated valuable property. The

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MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

war left him like thousands of other brave and patriotic southerners--stripped of even-thing save the naked lands. There were born to Theophilus and Rebecca
Xichols the large family of ten children, viz.: Absalom Jackson, John Thomas, George Washington. James M.. Man- Jane, marri'.-d to J. M. Baxlev, Sarah Eliza
beth, wife of John K. Hendrix. Dr. Daniel X.. Levina Aim. wife of E. H. Hendrix, Emeline Rebecca, wife of T- C. Deal. Dr. Loven M.. physician, of Belleville. Dr. Daniel X. Xichols is the seventh child born, and spent his boyhood days on the
farm and at the country schools. When twenty years old he commenced farming for himself, and it is this vocation that has always attracted him. even when devoting himself to a profession. He entered the Kentucky school of medicine at Louis ville. Ky.. in 1885. and was graduated in 1886. He began practicing at home, and for nearly ten year? has continued \vith great professional success. Dr. Xichols was first married to Miss Ann Tane Brannen. a daughter of Alexander and Sarah Ann
lirannen. of I'.ulloch county, on Dec. 24, 1873. By this union two boys and three girls were born, viz.: Debbie. Jincy. Lemuel T.. Hardey A., and Lula. The wife died Oct. 13. 1884. Dr. Xichols was married the second time July i. 1885. to Miss Sallie Groover, daughter of Charles and Annie Groover. By this union four chil
dren were bom. viz.: Annie, deceased: Rerta. Ed Lane, and Joshua Xoel. The second wife died f-ept. 29. 1892. and Dr. Xichols married the third time Aug. 12,
1894. Mis? Fannie D. Jones, a daughter of Thomas and Man- J. Jones, of Lowncles county. She died May 16. 1895. Dr. Xichols is a member of the Primitive Bap tist church, as \vere his wives, and he has officiated for ten years as clerk of Beth lehem church. Dr. Xichols has been successful in life and it all has been achieved through hi? o\vn efforts. He started without any material means, and the few acre? of patrimony have developed into a large estate. Though he always from a child had a partiality for medicine among the professions, he would probably never have devoted himself to it but for the loss of his first wife. His grief was so intense that his health was threatened, and to divert his mind and give him something to occupy his thoughts away from his great sorrow he entered the medical school. He must have had a natural genius for medicine, for it only took him a year to get through, and the facility and success with which he has entered into practice was
remarkable. Two daughters of Dr. Xichols teach in the public schools of Bullocli county. He has in cultivation about two hundred and seventy-five acres, and has thirteen hundred acres of land in one body. His comfortable home, located upon the fine farm, is the shelter of an interesting family. Dr. Xichols is chairman of the populist party of Bulloch county, and has been identified with that party ever
since its organization. He is quite a potent factor in political affairs and is well and favorably known throughout the county.

LJARRISOX OLIFF. clerk of the superior court of Bulloch county, was born May 6. 1851. in the county he now serves, and is the son of Matthew and
Elizabeth (Brannen) Oliff. The father was a successful farmer and a much-hon ored Christian gentleman, being a devout member of the Primitive Baptist church.
The mother was a member of the same church and a woman whose noble char acter and example liad a potent influence upon the lives of the children. To these parents were born six children, throe boys and three girls. Harrison Oliff was the eldest son. He grew up on the farm, laboring hard to help the father
in the support of the family, and attending the public schools of the neighborhood, where he was educated. When twenty years old he engaged in farming on his own account, and soon after took unto himself a wife. She was Miss Clifford Womack. daughter of William and Amelia Womack, of Bulloch county. Mrs. Oliff was born Jan. 5. 1858. and they were married Dec. 4, 1874. Mr. Oliff has spent the greater part of his life on the farm, and is at present engaged in farm-

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361

ing a large tract of land, upon which his home is located, near Statesboro. While always a democrat in politics, Mr. Oliff has never been an officeseeker, and it was not the result of his personal efforts that he was nominated on the democratic ticket in the winter of 1892 for the position of clerk of the superior court of Bulloch county. His friends, and they are many, knew his capabilities, his integ rity and his fitness for the position, and they drafted him. He was elected, and his administration of the office being so eminently satisfactory to the people, he was re-elected in 1894, and by a big increase, even over the handsome majority he had over his first opponent. He is an efficient officer, and one whose popularityis acknowledged by all. Mr. Oliff has held one other office--that of councilman of Statesboro. His domestic life is a most happy one. Mrs. Oliff is a lady of rare amiability, talent and culture, with a just motherly pride in her two bright daughters--Kittie, born Feb. 12, 1880, and Lillie, born Feb. 17, 1885.
\yiLLIAM WESTLEY OLLIFF, deceased, a farmer and trader of Excelsior, was born on a farm Nov. 30, 1848, in Bulloch county, and was the son
of John and Lucy Olliff. He died March 13, 1893, John Olliff was an old resi dent of the county, a merchant and extensive farmer, and was treasurer of the county for a number of years. He died in 1887, about sixty years of age. leaving his wife, who still survives him. They had born to them seventeen children, of whom fourteen grew to maturity. They were William W., Sarah, Hattie, Louisa, John M., James F., Eliza, Rebecca, America, Henry I., Matthew T. Benjamin H., Jinsie A. and Julia. William W. Olliff was a hard worker and of industrious iiabits from the time he was a boy. He always displayed a character marked for its energy, truthfulness and frugality. He only had about one year's schooling, but he made every hour count, and learned more in these stray opportunities at the common schools than many a scholar could in going through college. He got a lift from his father when he started in life to farm for himself, but it was a small one, no more than enough to buy him a little stock to put on his rented farm. He was a worker, a saver and a good manager and soon he was firmly established on his feet. Then everything he turned to made him money, and within twenty years' time he had made the sum of $200.000, and was the richest man in Bulloch county at the time of his death. He owned over 30.000 acres of land. He married in 1868 Miss America A. Kennedy, a daughter of limperson Kennedy, of Bulloch county. By this marriage nine children were born, who are now living as follows: John W., Maxie P., James L., Jimps B., Janie, Lucy, Allie, Gordon and Annie May. There are three children dead. Mr. William Olliff was a member of the Missionary Baptist church, and the surviving widow is a member of the same church. She lives at the old homestead in Bulloch county. Mr. W. W. Olliff was too young to serve in the war. but was out with the militia the closing year of the life of the Confederacy. L'pon his death his large estate was divided among the heirs. William Olliff was in some respects a remarkable man. Beginning just at the time the south was in the depth of despair, and Geor gia was under the heel of the victorious northern armies, he pushed himself for ward, and when the wave of prosperity came after the financial depression of 1873, he was already on the road to large wealth. He was a shrewd business man, but always fair and liberal. He had a rare judgment and a quick discernment that seemed an intuition. He appeared a generation ahead of the time in the dashing way in which he made investments and entered into business enterprise. There were risks to take, of course, but Mr. Olliff seemed always to have measured and conducted everything, and so he went along successfully until he became very wealthv. He has two sons now in the mercantile business--Messrs. T. W. and |. L. Olliff.

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MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

QEXJAM1X PARISH, farmer, Metier, was born March 28, 1847, in Bulloch county, and is the son of Hezekiah and Mary Parish. His father was a pros
perous farmer and his mother a woman of strong religious views. There were
born to those good people nine children, of whom Benjamin was the sixth. He attended school until fifteen years old, when he left to enlist in the Confederate army. On account of his age he was rejected, but a year later was able to enroll himself, and became a member of CapL Bess' company. He served throughout the war and was in several engagements. When he threw aside the gun to take hold of the plow it was to work for his father on the old farm. Three years
after this he determined to go it alone, and so engaged in the mercantile business.
After a few years he bought a plantation near Metter and returned to his first love--the farm. He has continued at this vocation since, with gratifying results.
His lands are in a high state of cultivation, and he grows cotton as a money crop. His industry and good management have been productive of large pecuniary benefits. Mr. Parish is possessed of much property, and is one of the substan tial farmers of Bulloch county. In addition to his farming interests, Mr. Parish
does a private brokerage business, loaning money, discounting, etc. About twenty years ago he took a life companion in Miss Dora Dekle, daughter of Littleton Dekle, of Emanuel county. They have six children: Walter, Leah, Maxie, Les-
ter, Cora and Benjamin. The children are all at home and attending school. Mr. Parish is a great advocate of higher education and proposes to give all his children a thorough collegiate education.

p RAX KLIN" PIERCE REGISTER, merchant and manufacturer, Statesboro, was born Jan. 29. 1853. in Balden county, X. C., and is the son of William
and Xancy Ann Register. His father was a big farmer and both parents belonged to the Missionary Baptist church. There were born to William and Nancy Register twelve children--six sons and six daughters, as follows: Owen; Miles Corton: William James: Lucy Ann; Daniel B.; Hannah Jane; George W.; Frank lin Pierce: Mary Elizabeth; Xarcissus; Laura L.; and Sarah Ellen. Of these nine are living. Four of the sons were in the Confederate army and two served throughout the war. Franklin Pierce Register was the eighth child and the youngest son. He attended the common schools, but this opportunity of educa tion was lost by the war and the following years in farm improving, when the lad's services were of great use. \Vhen twenty-two years old lie was an employon a turpentine farm, and moved to Georgia in 1887 to engage in the manufacture of naval stores for himself. He was seven years in Effingham county, and th-n
moved to 1'ulloch county, where he is now located. He runs fourteen crops, and manufacir.rcs 700 barrels of spirits and 3,000 barrels of resin per annum. Jn doing' this he employs sixty-five hands. He also carries on a general morcliandiM* store, lie was married first. Dec. 21. 1884. to Miss Amanda H. Mallory, daughter of Augustus H. and Sophronia Mall-.-rv of Erfing-ham county. To them were born two children: J-'rankie Inez and William Augustus (deceased). The wife die'!
July 27. 1892. and Mr. Register was married the second time to Miss Janie Joseph Evans of Cumberland county. X. C.. a daughter of James Evans. Their marria^v occurred Feb. 21. 1894. Mr. Franklin Register is a member of the .Missionary Baptist church. His first wife belonged to the Lutheran church and his secoml
wife is a member of the Presbyterian church. Mr. Register began life working for wages, but now is worth over 815.000. This all has been earned by no market fluctuations, or the buying or selling of stocks, but by the sweat of the brow, an-! perseverance and close application to business. He is a citizen, well liked ami hibusiness success is gratifying to many friends he commands all over the count',.

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363

Of a strict business integrity, and excellent, judgment, Mr. Register ranks high among the commercial representatives of BuUcch county. He has a comfortable home near Statesboro.
WILLIAM AUGUSTUS SMITH, a large manufacturer of naval stores at Nellwood, is a native of North Carolina, and was born Dec. 16, 1854, in
Cumberland county. He was the son of John Henry and Eugenia Smith, the father being one of the biggest producers of turpentine in the "tar heel" state. William was the eldest of four children. He attended the schools of Cumberland county until he was seventeen years old, when he commenced farming for him self. In 1879 he moved to Camden county, Ga., to engage in the manufacture of naval stores. After a prosperous business of four years he moved to Worth county, where he operated for two years and then went to Effingham county. From there he went to Liberty county, and to Bulloch county in 1892. His busi ness has developed rapidly since his advent in this county, and he now manufac tures 1,200 barrels of spirits and 3,500 barrels of resin per annum. He employs loo hands and operates thirty-four crops. Mr. Smith gives the work his personal attention, and possessing all the qualifications of a thorough business man, his great success is easily understood. He was married to Miss Mittie Woniell, daughter of J. S. Wornell, a prominent planter of Liberty county, April 5, 1894. They have one child, W. A. Mr. Smith and wife are members of the Methodist church. They reside in a handsome home near the works. When Mr. Smith came to Georgia he had a capital of $12, but any amount of pluck. By his energy and industry he has amassed much property and is regarded as a wealthy man.
BENJAMIN E. TURNER, real estate dealer, Statesboro, was born Aug. 22, 1849, m Bulloch county, and is the son of Isaac and Loveday Turner. The
father was a prosperous farmer, and both parents were zealous members of the Primitive Baptist church, the father being a deacon in the church for years. They reared eleven children, of whom Benjamin was the tenth child born. He attended the schools of Bulloch and Emanuel counties and when twenty-three years old commenced farming for himself and has been engaged in that vocation all his life. He was first married on Feb. 22, 1885, to Miss Georgia R. Rogers, daughter of Thomas L. Rogers, of Marion county. She died fourteen months after her marriage, and Mr. Turner was wedded the second time on Tan. 22, 1888, to Miss Maggie C. Hall, daughter of Capt. W. N. Hall of Bulloch county. They have three children: Henry Grady, Georgia Rebecca, Mattie Luro. Benjamin Turner is a steward and trustee in the Statesboro Methodist church. He was lor thirteen years postmaster of that town, and has served on the town council. He moved there in 1880 and has been an active spirit in building up the town. He donated a part of the fund raised for building the new $18,000 court house, and was on the building committee which had charge of its construction. Mr. Turner is in the real estate business, but most of his time is taken up in directing the working of his fine farm. He is at this time perhaps the largest planter in Bulloch county. He has been very active in the cause of temperance and is an untiring worker in the Sunday school field. He was co-editor and one of the publishers of a music book entitled, The Olive Leaf. This publication was issued May 22, 1874, ami became very popular. Mr. Turner traveled for several years in pushing its sale, which finally ran up into the tens of thousands, bringing big financial returns to the authors. Mrs. Turner is an amiable and talented woman, and a consistent member of the Methodist church. There is perhaps no one who has contributed more to the growth and prosperity of Statesboro, or who takes more interest in the town's development and improvement than Mr. Turner, who enjoys the respect
and esteem of everyone.

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MEMOIRS OP GEORGIA.

JOHX GARRETT WILLIAMS, farmer, Jimps, was born in Bulloch county and is the son of William W. Williams, a fanner, honored citizen and brave
soldier. The father was one of the first in the county to respond to the call of the Confederacy and enlisted in the army in the early part of the war. He was captain in the Forty-seventh Georgia regiment, and was killed in the battle of James Island,
S. C. in June, 1862, in his first regular engagement The mother, Roxa Annie Williams, was left with eight children, of whom John was the eldest, but with the aid of that noble boy she was able to take hold of the farm and successfully rear the little ones. Hardly sixteen years of age he took the place of the father, and grandly did he discharge the responsibilities placed upon him. He was too busy to get such an education as he desired, but by snatching a few months of schooling at the country seats of learning, and reading after the day's work was
done, he was able to acquire much learning and profitable information. He has been engaged in farming all his life, and now in addition to that pursuit operates a big saw mill. He was elected treasurer of the county in 1878, and re-elected suc cessively till 1886. His administration of the office and handling of the people's money were first class, and he retired from the office with the good wishes of everybody, irrespective of party. Mr. Williams was married Jan. 2, 1873, to Miss Macy Ann Kennedy, daughter of Edmund Kenned}' of Bulloch county. There were born to them two children, one of whom, William Wiley, is living. The wife died Aug. 30. 1875. and Mr. Williams was married the second time'on Feb. 15. 1877. to Miss Sarah E. Lee. daughter of William Lee. The result of this mar riage is four living children: Oscar. Lonnie, Charlie and Sallie. Sarah E. Wil liams died Xov. 13. 1885. and the husband was the last time wedded to Miss Florence E. Bird, daughter of W. J. Bird of Bulloch county. This event occurred
Aug. 12, 1889. They have two children. Charlotte and Rupert. Mr. Williams by hard work and good management has accumulated a fine property. He owns several good farms and his home is a substantial dwelling near Jimps. He is one of the best farmers in Bulloch county, and is a man of strict integrity, whose word is as good as his bond. He has always been a democrat in politics and has done valuable work for his party in Bulloch county, Mr. Williams had four broth
ers and three sisters, all living except the youngest. They were as follows: America, married Z. T. De Gooch of Bulloch county; Sarah E., married to A. J. Bird of Bulloch county: James J., married Mary Lee; Georgia Ann, married to Dr. D. E. Gay of Emanuel county; Rodolphus; A. T.; and William Wiley, who married Laura Dekle of Emanuel countv and lives at Excelsior.

BURKE COUNTY.
S H. BUXTOX. One of the oldest native residents of Burke county is S. H. Buxton. It was in 1813 when he first saw the light of day, and more than four-score years have now passed over his head as a citizen of the county and state. His father was William Buxton, and his mother Rebecca Heath. William Buxton was born in 1791 and was a large farmer, living all his life and dying in Burke county. His wife was a daughter of Jordan and Christiana (Wimberly) Heath. The father was a native of South Carolina and came to Georgia at an carlv dav. He was a revohitionarv soldier and was wounded at Charleston.

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365

Samuel Buxton, grandfather of Mr. S. H. Buxton, was a Virginian and came to Georgia just after the revolutionary war, when he married Xancy Plummer.
Mr. S. H. Buxton attended the old log cabin schools, and received instruction from private tutors, and for several years after reaching manhood taught school. In 1841 he married Elizabeth Godbee, daughter of James and Martha (Mulkey) Godbee. Mr. Godbee was a native of Burke county and a highly esteemed citizen. To this union three children were born, now living: Lenora, Samuel D., and Green C. The mother was born in Burke county in 1817 and died in 1858. She was an honored Christian lady, belonging to the Methodist church. In 1862 Mr. Buxton married Josephine Dixon, a daughter of Robert J. and Rosanna (Hurst) Dixon. Mr. Dixon was an old resident of Burke county and a well known citizen. By the second marriage Mr. Buxton has eight children
living: William R., Glover B., Charles W., Joseph J., Preston B., Edna, Thomas P., and Judith P. B. The mother was born in Burke county in 1842. Husband and wife are members of the Methodist church. Mr. Buxton has always been a farmer, and had the accumulation of the first half century of his life swept away by the war. But with "never-say-die" pluck he jumped into active life again and has builded up his fortune. In 1869 he engaged in the mercantile business with his
brother and the same was continued until 1895. He owns about 1,600 acres of land near Girard, and is one of the most highly respected citizens of the county.

MEEDHAM A. BUXTON, merchant and farmer, Girard, Ga., was born in
. Burke county in 1835, and is the son of William and Mary (Wimberly) Buxton, and the grandson of Samuel Buxton. His mother was a daughter of Xeedham Wimberly, a successful farmer and native of Burke county, but a man who did not own any slaves, though operating a large estate. Receiving a good commonschool education, the subject of this sketch studied assiduously and fitted himself for teaching, a vocation he followed for ten years. In 1864 he enlisted in the state militia and was engaged in the battles of Atlanta and Griswoldville. In 1875
he married Anna E. Oliver, daughter of Thomas and Elizabeth (Mims) Oliver. Mr. Oliver now lives in Screven county and is a leading citizen there. This union was blessed by the birth of two children now living: William O. and Julian A. The mother was born in Screven county in 1848, and died in 1878. She was a member of the Methodist church south, as is her husband now. He belongs to the masonic order and in 1889 represented Burke county in the legislature, serving with credit to himself on the following committees: Banks, manufacturing, luna^ tic asylum and agriculture. Upon his return from the war Mr. Buxton began teaching school, but in a few years he engaged in a mercantile business and farming. For twenty-five years he was in partnership with his brother, Samuel H. Buxton. He is at present in business for himself. Air. Buxton is a man of strict integrity, and his word is as good as his bond. His business career has been as honorable as it has been fortunate.

P H. CALLAWAY. In 1784 John Callaway, of Xorth Carolina, moved to " Georgia, and selecting a farm in Wilkes county, began his new life amidst the
rugged surroundings of the sparsely settled country. He was from old Virginia
stock, whose blood is found in the pioneers of every old state. His youngest son, Enoch, was born soon after the father came to Georgia, in 1792. He was a selfeducated man and distinguished as a Baptist minister, preaching in the churches of Wilkes county. He was a large land-owner and a thrifty farmer, and married Martha Reeves, who came from South Carolina. Their youngest son is Rev. Brantley M. Callaway, D. D., a Baptist minister, who is still living and is now preaching in Wilkes county to some of the same churches where he commenced

366

MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

his ministerial career. He early decided upon the ministry as his profession and
was given a good education. He went through the junior class at Mercer uni
versity, and after teaching school at Gainesville for a year, entered the pulpit and
has since preached the gospel of the Baptist faith. He is also a large farmer and a trustee of Mercer university for the past fifteen years. He married Lucy
B., daughter of Robert and Mary (Glenn) Howard, Robert Howard being a farmer of Oglethorpe county. Mr. E. H. Callaway, judge of the superior court of the
Augusta circuit, was born in Wilkes county in 1862, and is the son of Rev. Brantley M. and Lucy B. Callaway. He attended the country schools in his
youth and was graduated from the state university in 1881. He taught school in
Waynesboro, Wilkes Co., and in Washington from 1881 to 1884. He entered the law office of W. M. and M. P. Reese in January, 1885, and was admitted to
the bar in the fall of the same year. He then moved to Waynesboro, Burke Co.,
and began the practice of his profession. In 1888 he was married to Mary E.
Jones, daughter of Maj. George and Kate (Calhoun) Jones. Maj. Jones was born in Twiggs county and moved to Houston when a boy, from thence to Macon, where he was educated. In 1861 he enlisted in the civil war from Alabama, where he had taken up his residence in 1858. He attended the inauguration of President Davis in the carriage containing the president, Hon. Alex. Stephens and Dr. Manly, and is now the only surviving one of the four. He was in the regular service
for twelve months, when he was taken to the war department and made adjutant of the department He entered the army as lieutenant of Company F, Twelfth Alabama regiment After the war closed he returned to Alabama and lived there until 1870. His wife, Kate Calhoun, was a native of South Carolina and a niece of John C. Calhoun. Maj. Jones was a son of John Jones, a prominent fanner of Burke county, and his mother, Sarah Wimberly, was a daughter of Ezekiah
Wimberly, who was a native of Twiggs county, Ga. Mr. Wimberly was a colonel
in the war of 1812 and his father was a North Carolina revolutionary soldier. To Mr. and Mrs. Judge Callaway were born two children, both of whom are living: Catherine and Brantley. The mother was born in Alabama. Mrs. Callaway is
a Presbyterian and the husband a member of the Baptist church and a Mason. He was an elector on the presidential ticket in 1888, and was elected mayor of Waynesboro in 1890, but resigned to accept election to the state senate. He served one term, and though a youthful legislator, was placed on the following
important committees: Special judiciary, general judiciary, joint committee on railroad and penitentiary. In 1894 he was elected judge of the superior court
of the Augusta circuit Judge Callaway is the youngest circuit judge in the state,
and his brilliant career at the bar promises to be more distinguished on the bench.

\^ J. HERRIXGTOX. The Herrington family furnishes many a promi-
* nent figure in the state's history, and many good citizens to Burke county. About 1/90 Richard Herrington, a native of North Carolina, moved to Georgia and took up a farm in Screven county. He was of Scotch-Irish descent, of thrifty
and industrious habits, and became very wealthy. He was a son of Martin, who received the bulk of his estate on the father's death, and with the same wise management increased the wealth to $500,000. He was born in Screven county,
but moved to Burke county, where he died. He married Nancy Miller, and a son, Archibald M., was born to them. He too was a large slave-owner and
extensive planter of Burke county. He was married to Martha, daughter of
Seaborn and Eliza Ann (Lane) Johnston, natives of Emanuel county, and the father \vas a wealthy planter. To Archibald Herrington and wife were born, among other children, W. J. Herrington. a farmer living near Hillis. He was

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367

just sixteen years old in 1861, when he left the farm and country school to enlist in the war. He joined Company D, Fifth Georgia regiment, under Capt Joseph Showmate, and later Frank Godbee. He fought in a number of sharp engage
ments and severe battles. He was in the front of Sherman's army on the road to Savannah, at Rivers bridge, Ablesboro and Bentonville, and remained in the army until the close of the war. In 1869, after he had taken up the farmer life
again, he married Emily Lovett, daughter of J. C. and Amelia (Oliver) Lovett
The father was a native of Screven county and was a government agent during the late war, now being a resident of Burke county. Mrs. Herrington was born in Screven county in 1845, an^ died in 1875, leaving one child, a son, Archibald.
In 1876 Mr. Herrington married Jennie Lovett, a sister of his first wife. She was born in 1861. They have two children living--Hattie and Atticus. They are
both members of the Methodist church, and Mr. Herrington belongs to the Masonic order. In 1890 Mr. Herrington was elected to the legislature and served one term, being placed on the railroad, general agriculture, special judiciary and banking committees. Like thousands of others, Mr. Herrington found himself obliged to begin life's struggle over again after the war, but he has succeeded in recovering himself and owns 1,800 acres of good land near Hillis, besides other property and stock.

C* W. HURST, sheriff of Burke county, was born in the county he now so efficiently serves in 1851. He descended from a North Carolina family, rep
resented by John Hurst, a native of that state, who when a young man married Elizabeth Blitch and came to Georgia. He located in Burke county and was a prosperous farmer. His son, George W., married Margaret, a daughter of Charles and Mary (Bell) Couttan. He was a son of Peter J. Couttan and came to America with his parents direct from Amsterdam, where he was born. His father lived to the age of ninety-five years and was very wealthy. They settled in Burke county, where Charles married his wife and became a well-to-do farmer and tavern-keeper. George W. Hurst was a successful farmer and now resides in Burke county, a sincere member of the Baptist church and a highly respected gentleman. Mr. C. W. Hurst spent his boyhood days on the farm and was educated in the local schools. In 1875 he married Martha S., daughter of William and Jane (Darling ton) Chandler. He was born in Burke county, was a well-to-do farmer, a soldier in the late war, and is now living in Waynesboro. To the union have been born four living children: Lessie, Roger W., Sallie J. and Margaret. Husband and wife are members of the Baptist denomination and he is a member of the masonic order. Mr. Hurst was elected sheriff in 1889 and has held the office ever since, his administration of the office proving highly satisfactory to the people. Mr. Hurst commenced life as a farmer, but later moved to Waynesboro and began clerking for Broadis & Crocker, and later for S. A. Grey & Son. In 1883 he established a livery business and in 1892 opened a general merchandise store. He is a man of excellent business discernment and in his various enterprises has
always been successful.

I D. JOHNSON, physician and farmer, Oatts, Burke Co., Ga., was born in Green county, Ga., in 1836, and is the son of W. B. and Elizabeth (Boswell) Johnson.
W. B. Johnson, a planter and life resident of Green county, was the son of Gilbert Johnson, of North Carolina. Dr. Johnson was reared on a farm ami given a good country schooling, and in 1862 enlisted in the war, joining Company F. Cobb's legion, under Capt. Malcolm B. Jones. He was in active service from the first to the last, and was in many hard-fought battles, including the seven-days' fight

L

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MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

about kielimoml. hi 1861 he married B. J..a daughter of John and Mary A. (McBridc) Rollins. Mr. Rollins \vas born and reared in Burke county, and one of its leading planters. He was the son of William Rollins, a native of North Caro~ lina. and grandson of Raleigh Rollins. of Scotch-Irish parentage. Raleigh Rollins came to America with Sir Walter Raleigh when a boy and settled near where Raleigh, X. C. now stands. Thomas A. McBride, the grandfather of Mrs. John
son, was a native of Scotland and moved to America and settled in Georgia. Mrs. Johnson's great maternal grandfather. William Pugh, was in the revolutionary army and was captain of scouts, and was descended from a very old family in Wales. One child, Martin, has been born to Mr. and Mrs. Johnson. Both husband and wife are members of the Presbyterian church. In 1857 Mr. Johnson began to read medi cine under Dr. W. L. M. Harris, and then attended lectures at the Augusta Medical college, where he was graduated in 1859. He located in Burke county, and has attained a very large practice. He ranks high in his profession, and his skill and great learning are recognized by his fellow physicians as well as the public. Dr. Johnson lives on a fine farm of 3,000 acres located near Oatts.

1OXES- The Jones family, well represented in the early civil and military history of Burke county, still has representatives in J. B. Jones and H. W. Jones, farm
ers, near Herndon, Ga.. natives of the county, born respectively in 1817 and 1824. They are the only surviving sons of Henry P. Jones, a popular, leading citizen of his day, who by wonderful industry and judicious energy accumulated and left to four
sons and three daughters an estate of $350,000, embracing 75,000 acres of land in different sections of the state. H. P. Jones was a native also of Burke county, born in 1788, was an only son of Philip Jones, and was a colonel in the war of 1812, Philip Jones was born in 1759, and with his three older brothers, Frank, John and James, were soldiers in the Amerian army in the war of independence. He owned and resided on the farm given him by his father, embracing the land which in the hands of his son, H. P. Jones, became the noted Birdsville estate, still in the ownership and possession of his great-grandsons. Even in that early day
Burke county, with its immense agricultural resources, was a county of consider able wealth, and therefore an inviting booty-land to the tones, who with squads of soldiers from the British forces, then in possession of Savannah arid adjacent
sections, often formed raiding parties for plundering the counties above Savannah. They went up as far as Burke, which became the meeting-point and battleground, where these raiders were met by the "liberty" men, as they were called, or rebels, from the counties and sections above, who. hastily organizing, would drive the raid ers back. On one of such occasions Philip Jones was on a scout with one of his slaves, named Caesar, near his mill, when suddenly he was surprised by three British soldiers and captured. The soldiers disarmed him and bound his arms, giving his rifle and their own to Caesar to carry, and, with their prisoners, began their march along the mill-dam, which yet stands. Two soldiers in advance, Caesar following, and his master next, and the third soldier in the rear as guard. Faithful
Caesar was quick to see the opportunity to release his master and himself, and as quickly aiming with his rifle at the back seam of the coat of the soldier ahead of him, shot him through, and wheeling instantly, with his knife cut the cords from his
master's arms, and gave him his rifle. Thus suddenly was changed the fortunes of war, and Philip Jones and his slave became the captors, and promptly began their march with their prisoners to the headquarters of the American forces at Augusta. For this daring, successful feat, Caesar was granted his freedom by his master, and for the remainder of his life was honored with the title of "Rebel Cae sar." The three elder brothers of Philip Jones, before named, were citizens and
residents of Screven county, from which they joined the American army. The

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369

ancestral head of the family, Frank -Jones, immigrated from Wales in the early part of the eighteenth century to the Carolinas, where he resided a good many years, the head of a large family. In the latter part of his life, impelled by the same spirit of adventure which brought him from' his native country, and realizingthe necessity of larger advantages for his growing household than he possessed,
he moved, with his four sons, Frank, who bore the ancestral name. John. James and Philip, some years before the revolution, to Screven county, locating in the south ern portion of it, near where is now the line of the Central railroad, and not far from the point called Cameron, which near three-quarters of a century afterward
became the home of one of his great-granddaughters. The opening of the war found the progenitor of a vast colony of descendants failing under the weight of many years and heavy hardships, which had not abated the ardor of his love for his country, and surrounded with sons full of the fire of patriotism and spirit of resistance to the oppression of the British crown, they were quick to espouse the cause of their country, for liberty, life and home. Tradition in the family testifies
to the faithful service of those brothers, especially as to John, how that with emaci ated person and otherwise unlike himself, he was slow to be recognized by the home folks on his return from the war. They lived many years to enjoy the rights of liberty which they aided to secure; accumulated considerable estates and reared large families, except Frank, who had none. The descendants of John and James are very numerous and are to be found in several counties in southeast Georgia,
especially Thomas and counties adjoining, with a few in Savannah.

D T. JONES, retired farmer, Waynesboro, was born ir. Burke countv in 182^, " and was the son of J. M. and Sarah E. (Thomas) Jones. The father was 'a
son of Vincent and Elizabeth Jones, natives of North Carolina, who moved to Georgia at an early day. J- M. Jones was born on the Roanoke river, N. C. and came to Georgia with his parents when a lad. He began life as an overseer, saved his money and then purchased a farm in Burke county, where he married and reared a family. His wife was a daughter of Grigsby Thomas, a prosperous citizen and good farmer. Judge R. T. Jones was reared a farmer boy and only given a meager education, but his quick mind responded to the studious habits and fondness for reading and he early acquired a fund of knowledge which lias served him well in life. In 1843 he married Emily Calsom, daughter of William and Sarah (Fulcher) Caisom. Mr. Calsom was a brave officer in the war of i8i_' and a highly esteemed citizen of Burke county. The union has been blessed with three children, now living--Lindsey E.. Bessie and Lula. The mother was born in 1827 and died in 1874. Mr. Jones was married the second time to Aurelia Cox. formerly a Miss Holcomb. daughter of William Holcomb, a native of Connecticut, who came to Georgia in 1838. Mr. Holcomb served in the late war and died in prison. The fruits of the second marriage are: Robert I', and Thomas D. Jones. The mother was born in Lexington. Oglethorpe Co.. in 1840. Bcth Mr. Jones and his wife are firm members of the church, the wife being of the Methodist belief and he of the Baptist faith. During the war Mr. Jones was elected justice of the inferior court. He started in life a poor boy and now owns an
estate of about 5,000 acres of land.

J J. JONES, lawyer, Waynesboro, was born in Burke county in 1824. His parents were Seaborn H. and Margaret Jones. Seaborn H. Jones was a
native and life-long resident of Burke countv, who died in 1859. He was the son of Abraham ]ones, a soldier in the revolutionary army, and was captured at Augusta. He was a successful farmer and lawyer and a member of the legisla ture for several terms in the early history of Georgia. He died in Burke county in
11--24

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MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

1808. Margaret Jones was the daughter of John and Margaret (Walker) Jones.
He was of Irish descent and a settler in Burke county before 1800. Mr. J. J. Jones was given the advantage of a good education and was graduated from Emory college in 1845. He read law two years and was admitted to practice in 1847, in the old state house in Louisville, Ga. In 1856 he married Eva Toombs, daughter of Lawrence C. and Mary (Flournoy) Toombs. Mr. Toombs was born
in Wilkes county and was a large farmer and brother of Gen. Robert Toombs. The mother. Mary Flournoy, was a daughter of Josiah Flournoy. To Mr. and Mrs. J. T- Tones were born children, of whom only Seaborn H. and Mary T. are living. Mrs. Jones was born in Putnam county in 1829. They are both members of the Methodist church. In 1859 Mr. Jones was elected to congress, and served
one term, returning home, as Georgia seceded from the Union. He served a short time as captain of Tones" hussars, mounted infantry. Howell Cobb was the major-general, and Henry R. Jackson was brigadier-general. He was also made colonel of Gov. Brown's staff, and was on the staff at the close of the war. Mr. Tones is one of the leading lawyers of eastern Georgia and enjoys a large practice in Burke and adjoining counties. He is also interested in farming, owning a fine estate of 3,000 acres. Of all the Georgia members of congress who were in con gress with Mr. Jones, he is the lone survivor. The deceased embrace noted figures in Georgia history, viz.: Robert Toombs, Alfred Iverson, senators; James Jack son. M. J. Crawford, John \V. H. Underwood, Lucius T. Gartrell, Joshua Hill, Thomas Hardeman and Peter Love, congressmen.

A LLEX W. JOXES, Midville, a leading farmer and a public-spirited citizen of Burke county, was born in Burke county in 1861 and was the son of Malcom
D. Jones and Virginia L. tinman) Jones. Malcom D. Jones was an eminent
lawyer of eastern Georgia. He was a native of Burke county and was a graduate of Mercer university. He began the practice of law at Waynesboro and continued there with success until he died in 1869. He served several terms in the legisla ture, a member of the Baptist church, and upon his demise left an estate of $200,000 to his heirs. The grandfather of Mr. Alien Jones was Matthew Jones, a native of Burke county, and a farmer by avocation; and his mother was the daughter of Alien Inman. born in Xorth Carolina and for many years a resident of Georgia. He was a soldier in the war of 1812, as had his father, a native of England, served with the colonies in the war of freedom. Mr. Alien \V. Jones received his early educational training in the Hephzi Baptist high school, and completed it at the state university, hi 1886 he married Hattie Crosland, daughter of J. E. and Haseltine fBush' Crosland. The father is a native of South Carolina, where he still lives, and \vas a major in the late war, serving with distinction and bravery. Mrs. Jones \vas born in 1863. at Aiken, S. C., and is the mother of four children: Malcom. Crosland. Virginia and Kate. Mr. and Mrs. Jones are members of the
Baptist church and Mr. Jones is a Mason. Mr. Jones has been interested in the banking business at Reidsville, X. C., and the manufacture of tobacco, but is now devoting his attention to his large farming investments. He is a progressive young man of fine business ability, and lives with his interesting family on a fine farm near Midville.

CDWARD F. LAWSOX, a leading lawyer of Burke county, was born in 1836, and is the son of Alexander J. and Barbara (Tuttlc) Lawson. Judge Alexander
T. Lawson was born in Liberty county, and was ten years old when his parents moved to Burke county. Ho was a large farmer and a prominent politician,
serving in the state senate from 1825 to 1840. In the latter year he was the democratic candidate against *Mr. Toombs for congress. He was an elector upon

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the Douglas and Johnson electoral ticket for the state at large in 1860, and opposed the secession movement in 1861. He was a leading member of the Methodist church and chairman of the board of justices of the inferior court for a number of years. He was a son of John Lawson, who was born in Liberty county in 1734, moved to Burke county in 1796, and purchased a farm, which Mr. Edward F. Lawson now owns. He served as captain in the revolutionary war, and was captured at Georgetown, S. C, and taken to the British prison in Cuba. The Lawson family came to America in 1712, the progenitor of the Georgia branch settling in Liberty county a few years later. Airs. Alexander Lawson was a daughter of Francis Turtle, a native of New Jersey, and for years a successful merchant in Burke county. Mr. Edward F. Lawson was graduated from the Georgia military institute in 1857. He then went to Savannah and began the study of law in the office of Ward, Owens & Jones. He practiced one year after he was admitted to the bar, and then enlisted in the civil war. He served as captain, and was aftenvard made major. On account of sickness he was obliged to leave the service after about eighteen months, and returned home and took the active management of his father's farm, the parent having died in 1862. In 1861 he married Leora Martin, daughter of John and Eliza (Walker) Martin. Mr. Martin was a native of North Carolina, and a wealthy broker, who moved to Macon, where he died in 1842. Mrs. Lawson was born in Macon in 1842. Mr. and Mrs. Lawson are members of the Methodist church. He has always been prominent in state and county politics and served as member of the constitu tional convention of 1866. He was ordinary of Burke county for thirteen years, and has been a frequent delegate to conventions. He has practiced law with great professional and pecuniary success, and operates a fine and improved farm ot 1,500 acres. At the close of the war his property was stripped of everything but the land value of a small farm, and his present circumstances are the result
of his own industry and energy.

A LEXANDER LIVELY, farmer, near Sardis, was born in Burke county in 1832, and comes from a long-lived ancestry. He is the son of Mathew and
Elizabeth (Odim) Lively. Mathew Lively was a revolutionary soldier and died in 1834, aged eighty-four years. He was a big farmer and slave holder and a man
prominent in the affairs of the Methodist church. He was of Scotch descent, his father, Abram Lively, having been born in Scotland and located in Georgia
before 1750, when the Indians were numerous and settlers far apart in the marshy woodlands of Burke county. Mr. Alexander Lively was brought up on the farm and educated in the old field schools. In 1852 he married Valinda, the daughter of Moses and Martha (Royal) Godbee. Mr. Godbee was born in Burke county and was in the second war with Great Britain. The mother was born in
1836 and died in 1861, leaving one child--Mark. In 1862 Mr. Lively married Elizabeth Kimbrell, daughter of William and Eliza (Sapp) Kimbrell. The father was a successful farmer and a worthy gentleman. Mrs. Lively was born in Burke
county in 1821. She is a Baptist in her religious faith and Mr. Lively a Methodist and a member of the masonic order. For twenty-four years he was justice of the peace in his county and in 1884 he was elected to the legislature, serving one
term. He did some valuable work there on the agricultural and other com mittees. Mr. Lively owns a nice farm near Sardis, which he has developed into a fine state of cultivation, and he is a man highly esteemed for his honesty and uprightness.

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MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

T J. M'ELMURRAY, one of Burke county's leading farmers, was born in this county in 1841, and is the son of Minis H. and Emily Leslie McElmurray.
Minis McElmurray was a native of South Carolina and moved to Georgia about 1835. He was a soldier in the Indian war of 1836 and a prosperous farmer. His father was Andrew McElmurray, of Scotch-Irish descent and a native of South Carolina, who married Martha Hankinson. Emily Leslie, mother of Mr. McEl murray was a daughter of William and Sarah (Hankinson) Leslie. The father was born in Scotland and came to America about 1800, locating in South Carolina. Mr. T. J. McElmurray was educated at Mercer university and attended a course of lectures at Augusta Medical college. When the war broke out he enlisted in Company B, Fifth Georgia state troops, Capt Shewmake, and later with Fifth Georgia cavalry, and finally with Georgia militia. He fought in the engagements around Atlanta, and until the end of the war. In 1861 he married Louise, daughter of William and Mariah (Sharp) Barrou. Mr. Barrou was of Irish ancestry and was born and lived his life in Burke count}-, Ga., and was a large fanner and slave-holder. Mrs. McElmurray was born in Burke county in 1845, an^ was the mother of four children now living. She died in 1873 ar|d m l &75 Mr. McElmurray was married to Mary, daughter of William and Jane (Darlington) Chandler. Mr. Chandler is a prominent farmer and merchant of Burke county and served with, credit in the Fifth cavalry in the civil war. By his second marriage Mr. McElmur ray has six children. The mother was born in 1855, and is a member of the Baptist church. In 1881 Mr. McElmurray was elected ordinary, and in 1884 he was elected to the senate. When in the legislature he served on the important com mittees of agriculture and finance, ar.d distinguished himself for his close appli cation to duties and the thoroughness with which he considered measures before giving them his support. He is a Mason of many years. When the war closed Mr. McElmurray found himself without any means and started out in life with only his energy and push for capital. He now owns about 2,000 acres of good farming land and valuable town property.
IOHX F. M'ELMCRRAY, member of the legislature and farmer, was born in Burke county, in 1842. and is the son of Minis H. and Emily (Leslie) McElmur
ray. The father was born in South Carolina and moved to Georgia in 1834. He was the son of Andrew and Mary (Hankinson) McElmurray. Mr. McElmurray's mother was a daughter of William L. and Sarah (Hankinson) Leslie. Mr. J. F. McElmurray was educated at Mercer university and in 1861 he enlisted in the late war with Company K, Thirty-second Georgia regiment He served as captain in the company and fought at Fort Sumter; John's Island; Rivers Bridge: Ocean Pond, Fla.; Averasboro and Bentonville, and served to the close of hostilities. In 1865 he married Anna Shewmake. daughter of Judge Joseph A. and Caroline (Hankinson) Shewmake. Judge Shewmake was a native of Burke county and occupied a seat on the bench of the inferior court, and was a member of the legisla ture from Burke county for years. He was a first sergeant in the Indian wa*% and in politics and as a citizen was one of the most prominent men ever born in Burke count}-. Mr. and Mrs. McElmurray have six living children: Leslie, Caro line, Lorraine. Thomas J., John F., Jr., Sarah. The mother was born in 1842 and died in 1881. She was a member of the Methodist church, while her husband's faith is that of a Baptist. Mr. McElmurray was a justice of the peace for several years, and is a member of the count)- school board. In 1894 he was elected to the legislature and served on the committees on temperance, special, agriculture and manufactures, education and school for the deaf. Mr. McElmurray owns a nice farm of 2,000 acres near Alexander, and is a citizen highly esteemed not only for his public usefulness, but private character.

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F)R. A. G. WHITEHEAD. One of the most elegant gentlemen in Georgia is Dr. A. G. Whitehead of Waynesboro, and he is one of the most accomplished
physicians as well. Having everything in the way of family prestige to sustain him, he was fitted by birth and education to occupy a prominent position among the most cultured. The doctor is a member of a family of Scotch Presbyterians, who refugeed to north Ireland in the seventeenth century on account of religious troubles. Of this family, William Whitehead emigrated to America in 1700, set
tling in Virginia--three of his grandsons moving to Burke county in 1764. These bought largely of lands and ranked among the wealthy, solid people of that day. The names of these early settlers were John, Amos and Caleb. John owned a place widely known as "Spread Oak Plantation." In the old family mansion that stood upon this place were born three generations of children. A. Grattan White-
head was born Feb. 14, 1841; reared on this plantation, sent to the state uni versity at the age of thirteen, graduating at nineteen. His mother, Mary Ann Dent, being the daughter of Dr. John Dent, founder of the Georgia Medical col lege, possibly furnished the doctor with a desire for medical prominence, and accordingly he read medicine under Dr. H. F. Campbell, of Augusta, took one course of lectures at that place, when the war began, he enlisting with the Clinch rifles, Company A, Fifth Georgia, serving one year, after which he was appointed aid-de-camp to Gen. Montgomery Gardner, and at the close of the war was com manding a battery of artillery. After the war he completed his medical course, going to Waynesboro in 1866, where he has since lived, enjoying prominence in his profession, and gaining decided reputation as a careful and competent busi ness man. He still manifests a great interest in agricultural pursuits, while pursu ing a lucrative practice, owning 1,000 acres of land in Burke county, besides his large local interests, consisting of choice building lots and residences. Dr. Whitehead is not only one of the most prominent members of his profession in Georgia, having been president of the State Medical association, but is one of the most cul tured and hospitable gentlemen. He takes a great interest in fraternal orders, being prominently identified with the Masons, Knights of Honor. American Legion of Honor. Home Circle, Royal Arcanum and Golden Chain.

CHATHAM COUNTY.
MR. D. C. BACON, president of the Atlanta Lumber company, is a native of Liberty county, Ga., being born in 1845, and passed the first five years of his
life in this vicinity, removing thereafter to Savannah, Ga. At the age of fifteen he entered the Confederate army, enlisting in Company B of the Eighth Georgia regiment as a private soldier, and served as such until wounded in the battle of Gettysburg. By reason of this accident he was captured and held a prisoner in the custody of the enemy for six weeks, and finally exchanged during a cartel. After recovering from the effects of his injuries he became a member of the secret service of the Confederate government as a telegrapher and signal officer. Mr. Bacon participated in the following engagements: Yorktown, Va.; seven days' fight around Richmond, Thoroughfare Gap, Second Manassas, Chantilly, South Mountain, Sharpsburg, Fredericksburg and Gettysburg. His record was that of a brave, chivalric soldier and his gallant deeds are not unknown. After the

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close of the war Mr. Bacon 'went to Savannah and entered the lumber business, with which he is now so prominently identified. Though his life has been de voted to and absorbed in the lumber traffic, nevertheless he has found time to serve his state as wisely in peace as he defended her bravely in war. During 1880-81 he represented the county of Chatham in the state legislature, and in 1884 was appointed commissioner to the New Orleans exposition. There he made
a superb exhibit of Georgia woods that attracted great attention and received much merited praise. It was a magnificent display of the piney woods products.
Mr. Bacon has an interesting family about him--a household of boys who give promise of future eminence. He was first married in 1868 to Miss Minna Hoicomb, who died, leaving two sons: De Witt and Holcomb. He was again mar ried in 1878 to a half-sister of his first wife, a Miss Holcomb. She has borne one child, Milton. Mr. Bacon, besides filling the presidency of the Atlanta Lum ber company is also president of the Piedmont Investment company of Atlanta
and president of the De Witt Fanning company of Mitchell county, Ga. The last is an immense industry, comprising about 5,000 acres of land, on which are planted 20,000 peach trees, 1,500 pecan trees and 3,000 pear trees. This does not include the enormous growth of cotton and the raising of hogs and vegetables. These facts plainly indicate that Mr. Bacon inherits the tastes and inclinations of the ante-bellum southern planter, a generous, open-hearted race. He is a member
of the Capital City club of Atlanta and enjoys an evening where friendship and
mirth join hands to lighten the tedium of the day's anxieties. Mr. Bacon is a citizen of Savannah, but feels a deep interest in Atlanta and strives unceasingly for her advancement

STARR BASINGER, lawyer, Athens, Clarke Co., Ga., son of Thomas E. and Jane (Starr) Basinger, was born in the city of Savannah,
Ga., in 1827. His father was born and educated in Savannah, became one of the city's most prominent merchants, and died in 1836. Mr. Basinger's mother--
born in Savannah in 1804--yet survives, and makes her home with him. They were the parents of two children: William Starr and Elizabeth, unmarried. Maj. Basinger grew up and received his primary and preparatory education in Sa vannah, after which he entered the university of Georgia, from which he grad
uated in 1846 with the degree of Bachelor of Arts, and later received the degree of arts master. Returning to Savannah, he studied law under the distinguished John E. Ward, who was afterward minister to China during President Buchanan's administration, and who is now a practicing lawyer in New York city. In 1849
he was admitted to the bar, and rose rapidly in his profession. About 1855 he entered into a partnership with Gen. A. R. Lawton, which continued until Jan uary, 1861. He was with the troops which captured Fort Pulaski soon after the
passage of the ordinance of secession. Years before he had become an active member of the Savannah Volunteer guards, of which in 1861 he was a lieutenant In 1861, when it entered the Confederate service, it was so large that it had
to be organized into a battalion and he was promoted into a captaincy. In 1863 he was commissioned major of the battalion, and commanded it until the close of the war. He saw much arduous and hazardous service, and gallantly participated in many battles. At Battery Wagner, in 1863, he was ordered to Sullivan's
Island, of which he was in command in May, 1864. He was then ordered to join the army of northern Virginia, and was placed in command of all troops alongthe line of the Richmond & Danville railway from Richmond to Staunton river,
where he did faithful and effective service. In October, 1864, he was sent to Chapin's Bluff, Va., where he was on the line facing the enemy. From there

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he was on the retreat and participated in the battle of Sailor's Creek, where he was captured and sent first to Old Capitol prison and afterward to Johnson's Island, where he was held until July 25, 1865. Accepting transportation furnished
by the government, he returned to Savannah, where he and Gen. Lawton resumed the practice of law, receiving Gen. Henry R. Jackson as a partner, under the firm
name of Jackson, Lawton & Basinger. This firm was continued from 1866 to 1881, since which time Maj. Basinger has practiced alone. In 1885 his wife's health
necessitated his removal to Dahlonega, Ga., and the following year (1886) in
compliance with the request of the trustees of the university, he accepted the presi dency of the North Georgia Agricultural college, a branch of the university of
Georgia. He held this position seven years, not, however, relinquishing his law
practice. In May, 1894, he removed to Athens for the purpose of placing his sons in the university, where he still ardently pursues his profession. Of conspicuous ability, of scholarly attainments, and learned in the law, he stands high with the
profession, and has the confidence of the people. During his residence in Sa vannah he served several times as a member of the city council and in 1881 repre sented Chatham county in the general assembly. While in that body he served with special efficiency as chairman of the committee on banks, vice-chairman of
the committee on military affairs, and as a member of the committees on general judiciary and corporations. He did not occupy the floor much as a speech-
maker, but when he addressed the house he was dignified, and what he said was to the point and practical. In 1882 he was a candidate for associate justice of the supreme court of Georgia, but was defeated. Maj. Basinger was married in Prince Edward county, Va., in 1866, to Miss Margaret R., daughter of James M. Garnett, and of the children born to them six are living: Margaret A., wife of Prof. Charles M. Strahan, Athens, Ga.; James Garnett, New York; William S., Jr., Kansas City, Mo.; Mary Leslie, wife of LieuL Edward P. Lawton, Nineteenth United States infantry, and Thomas and Walter G., who are students of the uni versity of Georgia at Athens. He is a member of the Protestant Episcopal church.

THOMAS BARROW was born in England about the year 1640, and migrated to Virginia before he was twenty years of age. He first settled in what was
then known as the northern neck of Virginia, and went to work on a tobacco
plantation. He married, and subsequently moved to what is now Southampton county, Va., where he bought a place on the Nottaway river, upon which he spent
the remainder of his life. He lived to be ninety-five years of age. His son, Thomas Barrow, was born at this place, in Southampton county, Va. He married
Elizabeth Atkinson. He subsequently removed to Edgecombe county, N. C, where he lived until his death. James Barrow, his youngest son, was born Jan. 31, I757,.upon his father's place in Edgecombe county, N. C. Upon the breaking out of the revolutionary war James Barrow, although not fully grown, enlisted in the continental army. He served at Savannah, Ga., in New York, and in Pennsyl vania, and in other parts of the country. He was one of those who remained through the winter at Valley Forge. He was in the battles of Germantown and Brandywine, and many other conflicts during that war. When the war was over he moved to Georgia, bought a place, and settled on Bark Camp creek, in what was then Burke, now Screven, county. He subsequently removed to Hancock county, and finally settled in Baldwin county, Ga., where he spent the remainder of his days. He married late in life Patience Crenshaw, whose parents came from Virginia to Georgia. As was evidenced by his conduct during the war of the revolution, he was a man of great determination of character. He died in his seventy-third year at his home in Milledgeville, Ga. David Crenshaw Barrow, only

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son of James Barrow, was bora on his father's plantation, near Milledgeville, July 26, 1815. He married Sarah Eliza Pope. Her father was Middleton Pope, and her grandfather Henry Augustine Pope, both of Oglethorpe county, Ga. Her mother was Lucy Hopson Lumpkin, who was a daughter of Gov. Wilson Lumpkin of Georgia. David Crenshaw Barrow was educated at Harvard university, Mass., and almost immediately after his return home from college volunteered as a private in the Macon volunteers in the Seminole Indian war. He represented the county of Oglethorpe in the legislature of Georgia, and was for many years one of the trustees of the university of Georgia. Pope Barrow, eldest son of David Crenshaw Barrow, was born Aug. i, 1839,in Oglethorpe county, Ga., on the planta tion of his grandfather, Middleton Pope. He was prepared for college there under tutors, and was graduated from the university of Georgia, receiving his final diploma from the law department in 1860. In April, 1861, he entered the Confederate army as second lieutenant in the Troup artillery, and served as such one yeamt Savannah, in northwestern Virginia, and on the peninsula, and during McClellan's advance on Richmond in 1862. He was then appointed aid-de-camp on the staff of Maj.-Gen. Howell Cobb, in which capacity he served until he was taken a prisoner in the spring of 1865. Upon being paroled, after a short residence in Oglethorpe county, he entered upon the practice of his profession of law at Athens, Ga., where he remained until 1892, when he removed to Savannah, where he now lives. He is engaged in the active practice of his profession of the law. He was elected a mem ber of the constitutional convention of the state of Georgia, of 1877, of the general assembly of Georgia of 1880 and 1881, and was elected by the legislature of Georgia in 1882 to the United States senate to fill the unexpired term of Hon. Benjamin H. Hill, deceased. He was a delegate from the state at large and chairman of the Geor gia delegation in the national democratic convention at St Louis in 1888. He was president of the state democratic convention of Georgia in 1892. He has served two terms as trustee of the university of Georgia, and was president of the Northeastern railroad of Georgia from 1884 to 1891. He has been twice married, first to Sarah Church Graig, daughter of Lieut-Col. Lewis Stevenson Craig, of the United States army. Her mother was Elizabeth Church, daughter of Dr. Alonzo Church, presi dent of the university of Georgia. She died Dec. 28,1881, leaving six children, Pope, Elizabeth, Church, James, David Crenshaw and Craig. June 24,1884, he was mar ried to Cornelia Augusta Jackson, only daughter of Mr. Henry R. Jackson, of Sa vannah, Ga. Her mother was Cornelia Davenport Of this marriage there are four daughters, Florence Barclay, Lucy Lumpkin, Patience Crenshaw and Sarah Pope.

BISHOP JOHN W. BECKWITH, D. D. In the vigor of his massive intellect, the strength and beauty of his fervid diction, the power of his matchless ora
tory, the vastness of his theological attainments, the dignity of his commanding presence and the purity of his exalted life, the late lamented Bishop John W. Beckwith, of the diocese of Georgia, has never been surpassed, and in many of these respects has never had an equal. Bishop Beckwith was a prince of orators. He possessed every qualification that was needed to sway the hearts of men. His voice could assume at will the majestic cadence of the ocean and the tender melody of a maiden's song. Back of this the machinery of a great mind operated with
lightning rapidity, and gave to his words a mental, as well as a physical, grandeur of utterance. Fashioned in the prodigality of nature, with a massive head sur-. mounting a pair of broad shoulders that might have carried the weight of four score years without bending, had Providence seen fit to grant him that patriarchal
limit, it seemed that Bishop Beckwith would survive his contemporaries in the ministry and that many years of brilliant service lay before him. In an unex-

BISHOP IOIIN \V. BKCKXVITH.

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pected hour, however, the brilliant sun of his career was darkened, and this radiant luminary of the church was blotted from the intellectual heavens in the full-orbed splendor of its meridian. As the successor of Bishop Elliot, one of the grandest and saintliest men who ever donned the priestly robes, Bishop Beckwith assumed the mantle of this holy man with a consecrated spirit of devotion to the church, looking to a higher source than himself and to a stronger arm than his own for wisdom and guidance. Under the administration of Bishop Beckwith, the Epis
copal church continued to prosper, in both temporal and spiritual measures, as under his predecessor, and no diocese in the land was better illustrated in its gov erning councils than the one over which Bishop Beckwith presided, with the grace and dignity peculiar to that noble man of God. Bishop John Watrous Beckwith, the subject of this sketch, was born in the state of North Carolina on Feb. 9, 1831. His father, Dr. John Beckwith, was a physician of great usefulness and one of the most distinguished members of his profession in North Carolina. His mother, whose maiden name was Margaret Stanley, of Newberne, N. C, was a lady of marked personal beauty and sweet amiability of spirit Bishop Beckwith's father came to North Carolina from Poughkeepsie, N. Y. On his father's side he was a lineal descendant of Robert Bruce, of Scotland; on his mother's, of the Earl Derby. His ancestors were mostly all of Scotch nativity, and the vigorous char acteristics of the stock asserted themselves constantly in his own rugged. and fearless character. Both his own family and the one into which he married ranked
high among the influential households of North Carolina, distinguished alike for their intellectual members, and for their social refinement and purity. Gov. Stan ley, of North Carolina, was a brother of Bishop Beckwith's mother; and Hon. George E. Badger, one of the most distinguished citizens of the state, her nephew. Until twelve years of age the boyhood of the subject of this sketch was spent in the neighborhood of Raleigh, N. C., under the jealous guardianship of his watchful parents. He then moved with the family to Petersburg, Va. Here he received his early training and by diligent application to his books gave hint of those bril liant gifts that were destined to lead him into the Christian ministry, and charac terize him as bishop of the diocese of Georgia. After receiving his primary edu cation from the schools of Petersburg, he entered Trinity college, located in Hartford, Conn. Graduating from this institution and also from the school of divinity, he was ordained as a deacon on May 24, 1854, and was subsequently admitted to the priesthood in the spring of the following year. The young minis ter assumed charge of his first parish at Wadesboro, N. C., in his native state. From this place he next went to Maryland to accept the call of a parish in Anne Arundel county in that state. Here he made the acquaintance of his future wife, Miss Ella Brockenbrough, the daughter of John Fauntleroy Brockenbrough, of Westmoreland county, Va., whose wife was Miss Frances Carter. Espousing the heart of this beautiful lady, the suit of the young minister was accepted and they were shortly afterward married. Their first child was born to them during their residence in this parish. At the breaking out of the war the subject of this sketch, who was intensely southern in his feelings and convictions, entered the Con federate army as chaplain on the staff of Gen. Hardee, and subsequently on the staff of Gen. Polk, bishop of Louisiana. For a short while during the war he served the parish at Demopolis, Ala. After the war he settled in New Orleans, La., having been made rector of Trinity church in the spring of 1865. Having no clerical garb to wear, on account of the poverty to which the parish was rendered by the depredations of the war, the young clergyman appeared before his congregation for several months in his military attire. It was not inappro
priate to wear, even in the pulpit, the uniform in which he had served God on the

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battlefield and ministered to the spiritual needs of the wounded and the dying. The church to which the future bishop was called was one of the largest Episcopal churches south of Baltimore. He served the parish for three years, preaching with marvelous eloquence to large congregations that flocked to hear him. In 1868 he accepted the call of the Georgia diocese and became a citizen of the state. He was consecrated bishop of the diocese of Georgia on April 2, 1868, succeeding Bishop Stephen Elliot, of whom mention has already been made. During the first two years of his service Bishop Beckwith resided in Macon. He thence moved to Savannah, Ga., residing in that city for four years. In the fall of 1876, after a brief residence in Marietta, the bishop made his home in Atlanta, and con tinued to live in that city until the time of his death, which occurred on Nov. 23, 1890. Shortly after his removal to Atlanta, on April 26, 1877, tne bishop lost his beloved wife. Three children were born to Bishop and Mrs. Beckwith: J. F. B. Beckwith of Savannah, Daisy, wife of A. R. Lawton, Jr., of Savannah, and Miss Bessie Beckwith. The cause of Bishop Beckwith's death was an abscess on the face. Several operations were performed and the best of surgical skill was employed, but all effort to save the life of the bishop failed, and after weeks of pain ful suffering, the great and useful man of God breathed his last. The funeral services were held in St. Luke's cathedral, and the occasion was one of the most impressive and solemn ever witnessed in Georgia. Nearly all the church dig nitaries of the south were present, Bishop Quintard of Tennessee, Howe of South Carolina. Weed of Florida, and Dr. Stringfellow of Alabama, and T. F. Gaylor of the university of the South, being among the number. The remains of the
bishop were respectfully interred among the blossoms of Oakland cemetery. In summing up the lessons of Bishop Beckwith's life for the closing paragraph of this short biographical sketch, it may not be inappropriate to quote from the
beautiful resolutions adopted by the board of curators of St. Luke's cathedral: "Duty was the watchword of his life; duty done for duty's sake. How grandly he preached on that theme! And when he walked through the fiery furnace of trial, thanks be to God, he never wavered--the fire did not scorch his garments. He was equal to his duty. He sustained the dignity of the episcopate. He rebuked the world. He upheld the born of the church, the bride of Christ."

F)R. W. F. BRUNNER. In the year 1888, says "Harper's Weekly," the health officer of Savannah, a young doctor named Brunner, announced that yellow
fever had appeared at Jacksonville. Florida authorities denied it, but Dr. Brunner
called for a cordon of police to stop the Florida train before it should reacli Sa vannah. The health board voted him down after a bitter debate. The railroad people were indignant. The train came in, and that night the fever was officially
proclaimed epidemic in Jacksonville. Another evidence of his prescience and pluck was given in 1893, -when Dr. Brunner called sharp attention to the laxity of the quarantine at Brunswick, Ga. That town broke out in clamor against Dr. Brunner, and when Surgeon Branham was sent to Brunswick and died, many people there declared Dr. Brunner was personally responsible for the yellow fever epidemic. When there was a lull in the fever in September following the sanitary board of Savannah raised the quarantine. Dr. Brunner protested. He main tained that fever had prevailed in Brunswick all the summer, that cases had been sequestered and not reported, and the event proved the truth of the position. The fever flamed up in a week and the quarantine had to be established more rigidly than before. Dr. W. F. Brunner is thirty-eight years of age. He is a native of Savannah, Ga., and attended medical lectures in that city in 1876. While still a
student he encountered the yellow fever epidemic of 1878 in Savannah, and snf-

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fered from a serious illness himself. He managed, however, to visit the different hospitals, and turned up at the autopsies, where he obtained a good idea of post mortem lesions. Such experience was more to him than lectures or diplomas. In the winter of 1876-77 he continued his studies at the medical department of the university of Georgia at Augusta, and in 1878 completed his course at the
medical school of the university of the City of New York. He was just twentyone years of age when he was engaged by the Howard association to fight the epidemic of 1878 in the Mississippi Valley. Equipped with nurses and commis sariat, he started out for Vicksburg. The authorities there doubted whether a youth like Dr. Brunner could really be the yellow fever expert from Savannah. They passed him on to Meridian, where the people and nurses shook their heads. He was assigned to Lake, Miss., with his retinue. There were no critics at this place to doubt, for practically the whole population had been stricken or scat tered. At Lake he began very vigorous work. At such time a physician had to be doctor, sexton and clergyman. Unshaken by the terrible scenes that met him on every hand, Dr. Brunner organized his force and concentrated his work. He impressed a church building for an orphan asylum, and opened a soup house and dispensary in the town. He worked without resting. The young physician was sorely tried. On one occasion he visited a place where the desperate head of the
family had established a shot-gun quarantine at his front gate. Seizing a little child just taken with the fever, Dr. Brunner wrapped it in a buggy blanket and took it to his hospital. Once or twice he was brought into collision with the town authorities. He found one morning that his best nurse, a colored woman, had been arrested for a petty theft He demanded her release. The mayor replied that the woman had taken a pair of scissors. Dr. Brunner retorted that if she had taken a case of scissors the people could not repay her for what she had done. The mayor was obdurate, but Dr. Brunner was determined. "Unless she is restored right away," he said, "I shall call off my nurses and close up my com missary." The woman was released. It was in 1882 that Dr. Brunner entered the
service of the national board of health, and was ordered to the South Atlantic station at Sapelo Island. Aftenvard he became acting assistant surgeon of the Marine hospital service, continuing in this capacity until 1887. It was here that he first turned his attention to marine sanitation. He made a sanitary inspection of Florida under a commission from the State Health Protective association. In April, 1888, he was elected health officer of Savannah. His promptness, intelli gence and pluck have subjected him at times to severe censure; at other times have won for him high admiration. Public estimate, regardless of abuse or eulogy, has settled down into complete confidence. As a man who guarded Savannah successfully when the epidemic had fastened upon her near neighbors, whose
quarantine has beer, rigid, and who is as fearless and determined as a soldier, Dr. Bnmner has taken front rank among sanitary officers. He is a member of the advisory council of the American Public Health association.

QEORGE TURNER CANN was born in the city of Savannah, Ga., July 22, 1866, and received his earlier education in the schools of that city. In 1882
he entered the Pennsylvania Military college at Chester and was graduated there from three years later with the degree of Bachelor of Arts. He was the first honor man of his college, making a record of 99 7-10, was captain of the college base ball club, president of the athletic association, first cadet captain and president of the Y. M. C. A. He next entered Columbia college, Xe\v York, and was awardeel the degree of Master of Arts, then entered the law department of the same institution and was graduated in 1886. Returning to Savannah, he entered the

MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.
law office of Denmark & Adams, and was admitted to the bar the following De cember. He remained with that law firm until February, 1887, then began the practice alone, which was continued until his brother, Mr. J. F. Cann, whose sketch follows, was admitted to partnership. This firm now occupies a very de sirable rank among the legal fraternity of Savannah. George Turner Cann was married on Feb. 12, 1890, to Annie Stubbs (nee Goodwin), daughter of the late Theodore A. Goodwin, of Savannah. On Feb. 12, 1892, he was awarded the legree Master of Arts by the Pennsylvania military college. Mr. Cann takes a very active interest in political matters. He is also very prominently identified with the military organizations of the city of Savannah and is captain of Company C of the Savannah volunteer guards, First Battalion infantry, Georgia volunteers. He is also a member and secretary of the board of curators of Telfair Academy of Arts and Sciences, is a vestryman of St. John's Episcopal church, a member of the board of governors of the Guards' club, and of the Georgia Historical so ciety. He is a member of the masonic fraternity and of the I. O. O. F., and Oglethorpe club.
JAMES FERRIS CAXX*, attorney, of Savannah, Ga., was born in that city on Dec. ii. 1868. His father, James F. Cann, was a native of Delaware and
came to Georgia in early manhood, settled at Savannah and married Anna Sophia, daughter of Thomas M. Turner. To that marriage were born five chil dren, three of whom survive, viz.: William G., George T. and James F. The father was not in the war between the states on account of physical disability. He was a school teacher and departed this life in the city of Philadelphia, Pa., in 1872. James Ferri? Cann was reared and received his primary education in Savannah, graduating from the old Georgia Military academy of Savannah with the degree if Hachelor of Arts in 1886. The following year he entered the summer law school of the university of Virginia, remained one term and returned to Savannah. He was employed in the office of Denmark &-Adams for the succeeding fifteen months. Mr. Cann was admitted to the bar in Savannah in January, 1889, and the following October formed a partnership with his brother, George T. Cann, which continues at this time. Mr. Cann takes no part in politics, though fully discharging his duties as a citizen. He is a member of St. John's Episcopal church, a member of the local branch of the Y. M. C. A., St. Andrew's society, the Savannah Bar Association Yacht club, the Oglethorpe club, Guards' club, Knights of P\thias and I. O. O. F. He is also secretary and attorney of the local branch of the Xational Railway Building and Loan association, secretary and attorney for the local branch of the Atlanta Xational Building and Loan associa tion and the Southern Building and Loan association; also secretary of the Pineora Investment company, secretary and attorney of the Georgia Investment company and of the Twelfth Street Land company. He is captain of Savannah division Xo. 15. uniform rank, Knights of Pythias; first lieutenant Company C of Savannah Volunteer guards. First Battalion infantry, Georgia volunteers, and takes very active interest in military matters.
YyALTKk GI.ASCO CHARLTON", attorney-at-la\\ of Savannah. Ga., is a native f that citv. and was born June 5. i8jr. His paternal grandfather,
Thomas I". I'. Charlton. was a native of the state of South Carolina, and repre.-ented the county of Chatham n> the legislature of Georgia, was mayor of Savan nah, judge of the superior court of the Savannah circuit, and attorney-general of < ".crj<ijL. His son. Robert Milledgc Charlton. the father of Walter Glascu Cliarl-
".' n: in Savannah. Ga.. Tan. IQ. 1807. Ife received a liberal education,

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took up law as a profession, and was admitted to the bar in 1827. In 1829 he was married to Margaret, daughter of Peter Shick, a capitalist of Savannah. At twentvone years of age he represented the county of Chatham in the legislature of Georgia, at twenty-three was made district attorney for Georgia, was several times
mayor of Savannah, and in 1835, at the age of twenty-seven, was appointed judge of the superior court for the eastern circuit of Georgia. In 1852, at the age "of forty-four, he was appointed to the United States senate, to fill a vacancy caused by the resignation of John McPherson Berrien. He published a volume of poems in 1839, Leaves from the Portfolio of a Georgia Lawyer, and several addresses. He departed this life in Savannah, Jan. 18, 1854. Waiter Glasco Charlton is the youngest child born to his parents, among the elder ones being: Robert Milledge Charlton, who served throughout the war between the states as a private in Wheaton's battery, Chatham artillery, and died from disease contracted in the sen-ice, in 1865; Mary, wife of Julian Hartridge (deceased1): and Margaret (deceased), who was the wife of Capt. Charles P. Hansell, of Thomasville. Ga. Mr. Charlton was educated in the schools of Savannah, in 1866, attending the academy in Hancock county, Ga.. which was presided over by Prof. Richard Malcolm Johnston, and later was under the tutelage of the same gentleman in Baltimore,
Md. In 1869, he became a student at the university of Virginia, remaining there until 1872, and graduating from the law department. Returning to Savannah, he entered the office of Hartridge & Chisholm, and was admitted to the bar in Jan uary, 1873. During the following Xovember he associated himself in practice with A. R. Lamar, then solicitor-general of the eastern circuit, and this partnership was continued until 1877. Mr. Charlton practiced alone for the succeeding two years,
then formed a partnership with X. C. Collier, now United States judge for the dis trict of New Mexico, which was continued until the retirement of Mr. Collier, in 1882, Mr. William W. Mackall having been admitted the previous year. In 1880. Mr. Charlton was elected as solicitor-general for the eastern circuit by the legisla ture of Georgia, and retained that office until January. 1885, when he declined further service in that capacity. He is very active in national, state and local poli tics, and was especially prominent in the local campaign of 1880, was temporary chairman of the state convention of 1883, president of the democratic convention of the First district in 1886, and was made chairman of the democratic executive committee of Chatham county in 1888. and is now serving his third term in that position. As an attorney and counselor Mr. Charlton sustains a most desirable rank among the riiembers of the Savannah bar, the firm of Charlton & Mackall being general counsel for the Savannah*Electric railway and for the Atlantic Short Line railroad. He is not connected with any secret society or fraternity, and is a consistent member of the Episcopal church, has been a vestryman of Christ church. Savannah, for many years, was a member of three church conventions for the diocese of Georgia, was for several years a member of the standing committee, and was church advocate in the famous Armstrong trial. He was married on Feb. ii, 1874, to Mary Walton Johnston, the accomplished daughter of Col. Richard Malcolm Johnston, the distinguished southern litterateur, and that union has been blessed by the birth of five children, viz.: Robert Milledge. Frances Mansfield, Walton, Richard Malcolm, and Margaret Walter Charlton.
WALTER SCOTT CHISHOLM (deceased), at the time of his death vicepresident of the Plant Investment company; of the Savannah. Florida & West
ern Railway company: of the Plant Steamship lines: also president of the Alabama Midland railway, and a director of the Brunswick & Western railroad, and the senior member of the law firm of Chisholm. Erwin & Du Bignon, of Savannah, was born in Macon, Bibb Co., Ga., Xov. 7. 1830. His father was Murdoch Chis-

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holm, of Scotch descent, and his mother Georgia Barnard of Savannah, both of whom died before he had reached the age of twelve years. His earlier education was received amid the cultured citizenship of the county of Liberty, Ga., that nur sery of eminent men, and he was graduated from the university of Georgia with second honor in 1855, in a class of more than usual ability. He then studied law in the offices of Law & Bartow of Savannah, and was admitted to the bar in 1857, forming a partnership soon thereafter with that brilliant son of Georgia, Julian Hartridge. On the death of Mr. Hartridge, he formed the firm of Chisholm & Erwin. and later Chisholm, Envin & Du Bignon. He was judge of the Savannah city court from 1863 to 1878, the only public office he ever held. He organized and was captain of the Savannah cadets early in the war between the states, but delicate health forbade the service he wished, and he was made the head of the military examining board. He became, in 1877, general counsel for the failed Atlantic & Gulf railroad, and then general counsel for its successor, the Savan nah. Florida & Western railway, and for the Southern Express company. He became also president of the Alabama Midland railway: vice-president of the Savannah. Florida & Western railway. Charleston & Savannah railroad, and the Plant Investment company, and of the Southern Express company; director of the Richmond Terminal company, East Tennessee, Virginia & Georgia Railway company. South Florida Railway company, Central Railroad and Banking com pany of Georgia, and the Brunswick & Western railroad. His law judgment was t-.nerring. and a wise mercy tempered his justice. To the profoundest legal knowl edge he added an instantaneous grasp of principles, like intuition, while his lucid statement and close argument made his speeches masterpieces of potent reasoning. Richly endowed with analytical power, he fortified it with thought and wide study; and with hi? intellectual force he combined an even placidity of spirit, wonderful in that he was ever confronted by great physical ill. Attracted by his great fame as a lawyer, he was employed in some of the most celebrated causes of the Southern bar. notably of the Telfair will case. His intellectual versatility was fully demonstrated when he so ably bore heavy business responsibilities in vast railway systems. He spent in these new duties the last five years of his life in the city of Xew York, handling large corporate and financial problems against the legal genius of the nation's commercial center. He was happily married in i86r to Eliza, daughter of that noble citizen of Savannah, Capt. John W. Anderson, and by her had six children, viz.: Anderson, Georgia, Walter S., Jr., Eddie, Frank, and Sadie. Five children, with his wife, survive him. The universal out pouring at his funeral in Savannah showed the exalted esteem in which he was held at home: while no citizen has ever had more elegant tributes from the illustrious men of his state. The late Senator Evarts, of Xew York, once said of him that he was the best lawyer before the supreme court of the United States that the south had, and that was the estimate placed upon him by the bar of Georgia. The following is an extract from the tribute of respect paid to his memory by the bar of Savannah: "His constant growth, the unimpaired vigor of his mind, the versatility of his powers commanded, as they received, the admiration of his fellow-citizens; whilst their manifestations placed him in the foremost rank of his profession--a wise, learned, useful lawyer, in the skilled exercise of his calling imposing peace upon the discordant elements of strife, and quieting, with kindly, sympathetic speech, the anxious doubts of troubled minds." He departed this life in the city of New York, Dec. 5, 1890.
UEXRY CUMMIXG CUXXIXGHAM, one of the most prominent attorneys of Georgia, was born in the city of Savannah on April 5, 1842. His father, Dr.
Alexander Cunningham, was a native of Wilkes county, Ga., and practiced medi-

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cine in Augusta and Savannah for many years. His mother was Anna Francis Mayhew, and is still alive. The father departed this life in the city of Savannah in 1861 at the ripe age of seventy-six years. Henry C. Cunningham attended the schools of Savannah until the fall of 1858, when he entered the South Carolina college, now the university of South Carolina, and was graduated in the class of 1861. He left college to enter the Confederate sen-ice as a private, and a year later, after a competitive examination, was appointed a first lieutenant of artillery in the Confederate states army. He served throughout the war between the states and was paroled at the surrender of Greensboro, N. C. Mr. Cunningham had three brothers, viz.: Alexander T., Thomas M. and Charles M. After the war Mr. Cunningham entered the service of the Central railroad of Georgia as a clerk, and later became treasurer of.the company. He was admitted to the bar in 1872, and located in Savannah, forming a partnership with Charles N. West, Esq., which lasted until July, 1876,- and he then practiced alone until 1881, when Gen. A. R. Lawton, Mr. Cunningham and A. R. Lawton, Jr., formed a partnership under the firm name of Lawton & Cunningham, which continued until 1886, Gen. Lawton withdrawing from the firm on being appointed minister to Austria in 1886. Mr. Cunningham was corporation attorney for Savannah from 1880 to 1887, the only office he ever held. He is a warden of Christ church of Savannah. He was mar ried on Dec. 19, 1867, to Virginia Waldburg Wayne, daughter of Dr. Richard
Wayne, deceased. She left four children, three sons and a daughter. Mr. Cun ningham was again married in 1886 to Nora, daughter of Gen. A. R. Lawton, and has one daughter by his second marriage. The firm of which Mr. Cunningham is the senior member has been the general counsel for the receivers of the Central Railroad and Banking company of Georgia since their appointment.

DRANTLEY A. DENMARK, a very prominent attorney of Savannah, Ga., was born in Brooks county, Ga., on April 25, 1850. His father, Thomas Irving
Denmark, now living at the age of eighty-six, is a native of Georgia, and served in the war with the Indians in Georgia, and through the latter part of the war between the states, in the Confederate service. He had two sons. Redden I. and Clayton R., who served throughout the civil war. Another son, Elisha P. S., is a prominent lawyer of Valdosta, Ga., and was a member of the Georgia senate at twenty-five
years of age. Brantley A. Denmark was reared on a farm and attended private schools until eighteen years of age; attended the Valdosta institute for one year, and then became a student of the university of Georgia, at Athens, from which he was graduated in 1871 with the degree of Bachelor of Arts. Soon after his gradu~ ation he began the study of law, in September, 1871, under Hon. Henry G. Turner, in Quitman, Ga., but one month later removed to Savannah, Ga., where he con tinued to study law with Hartridge & Chisholm, being admitted to the bar on Jan. 9. 1872. He at once entered into partnership with Mr. George A. Howell, under the firm name of Howell & Denmark, which continued until August, 1876, when Mr. Howell removed to Atlanta, both practicing from the office of Hartridge & Chisholm up to January, 1875, looking after the minor cases of that firm and pur
suing their studies. After the dissolution he practiced alone until April i, 1879, when he formed a partnership with Hon. Henry B. Tompkins, who had just resigned the office of judge of the eastern judicial circuit. This partnership was continued under the firm name of Tompkins & Denmark until October, 1881, when Judge Tompkins returned to the bench and subsequently removed to Atlanta. Mr. Denmark practiced alone until March, 1882, when he formed a partnership with Samuel B. Adams, Esq., which now continues. In 1883. Mr. W. L. Gignilliat was
admitted to the firm and remained four years, retiring on account of ill health. In March, 1889, Hon. A. Pratt Adams, who succeeded Judge Tompkins in the

384

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judgeship of the superior court of the eastern judicial circuit of Georgia, resigned and entered the firm, which became Denmark, Adams & Adams, and was con tinued under that style until the death of Judge Adams in September, 1892. In
May, 1893, Mr. Davis Freeman was admitted, though the firm name remained under the style of Denmark & Adams until Sept. i, 1895, when it became Denmark, Adams & Freeman. Mr. Denmark has never sought or held any office, nor does he take any active part in politics, though doing his duty as a citizen. He has been delegate several times to congressional and gubernatorial conventions. For the last seven or eight years he has rarely gone to the court house, his work being chiefly confined to the office, and his health and temperament not being suited to jury practice. Jn June, 1890, Mr. Denmark was elected president of the Citizens* Bank of Savannah, with a capital of $500,000, which position he still holds. In April, 1890, he was elected president of the Savannah Construction company, which company was formed for the purpose of building a railroad from Savannah, Ga., to Columbia, S. C. This road was completed in September, 1891, and Mr. Denmark was made vice-president of the corporation, it being known as the South Bound Railroad company. In August, 1892, he was made president of this railroad, and filled that office until October. 1893. when the Savannah Con struction company sold the road to the Florida Central & Peninsular Railroad company. Both of these companies have proved a great success. Mr. Denmark is a director in the Savannah Hotel company, which built the DeSoto hotel, in Savannah, the Savannah Mutual Gas Light company, was a director in the United Underwriters' Insurance company of Atlanta, now out of business, and is a director in the Savannah Guano company, with which he has been connected for years. He is also a director of the Southwestern Railroad company, and various other enterprises. Mr. Denmark is a member of the Savannah board of public education, in which he has always taken a deep interest. The firm of Denmark, Adams & Freeman is general counsel for the receivers of the Savannah & Western Railroad company, counsel in Georgia for the Florida Central & Peninsular rail road system, and for various other corporations in Savannah, and has a very large practice. Mr. Denmark also represents a large number of estates as guardian, trustee and in other fiduciary capacities. He is a consistent member of
the Baptist church, and was married Feb. 21, 1877, to Miss Anna R., niece and adopted daughter of the late Mr. William H. Stark, of Savannah.

HON. FLEMING GRANTLAND DU BIGNON. With a strong and inter esting individuality: an exceptionally fine mind; an orator whose eloquent
thoughts, clothed in language classic, flow with all the naturalness and ease as the sparkling waters from a fountain; a lawyer who crowds court rooms; a
speaker who arouses the latent enthusiasm of his hearers to the highest pitch; skilled in the maneuvers and expedients of the parliamentarian, possessed of all the dash of the cavalier that dazzles and fascinates, Hon. Fleming G. du Bignon has rapidly risen to a height where the greatest public honors are within easy reach. He was born on July 25, 1853, at \Vood\iIIe. near Milledgeville, Baldwin Co.. Ga.. and i a son of Capt. Charles and Ann (Grantland) du Hignon. Charles
du Bignon was born on Jekyl island, off the coast of Georgia, March 2. 1809, was a graduate of Yale law college, and twice represented Glynn county, Ga., in the state legislature. During the late war he served as captain in Gen. Cobb's legion, and at its close returned to his vocation as planter, never having followed tinlaw as a profession. His death took place in 1876. He was a son of Henry dn Bignon. also a native of Jckyl island, and who. in turn, 'was a son of Christopher
Poulaine du Bignon. a native of Bordeaux, France, who came to the United States a refugee from the first Xapoleon, purchased Jckyl island, and there located with

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his family. Ann (Grantland) du Bignon was born in Baldwin county, Ga., and was a daughter of Hon. Seaton Grantland, who established one of the first newspapers in Georgia, the old "Federal Union," and edited it for many years. He was a whig and an elector on the Scott-Graham ticket; he also represented the Milledgeville district of Georgia in the United States congress for six years, and died in 1864. He was a son of Fleming A. Grantland, a native of Virginia and a planter. Flem
ing G. du Bignon is the second of a family of three living children, the others being Kate and Christopher P. His early education was begun under the private tutorship of the celebrated "Washington Baird, D. D. After receiving a military
education at the Virginia Military institute, at Lexington, Mr. du Bignon went thence to the university of Virginia. Upon leaving that institution he spent more
than a year in Europe to complete his education. Returning to Georgia, he settled in Savannah, was admitted to the bar and began the practice of law. In 1875 he married Miss Caro Nicol Lamar, daughter of the late Col. Charles A. L. Lamar (and granddaughter of Judge Nicol, of the United States district court), and soon thereafter he removed to Milledgeville, where he began the practice of law under the favorable auspices of family influence. It was soon acknowledged that the young attorney was strong in debate, and possessed to a high degree the graces of an accomplished orator. He had the capacity to win success in the
face of opponents of wide experience and established reputations. From 1875 to 1877 he was county judge of Baldwin county, and for one year of that time was associated as partner with Robert Whitfield, Esq., and aftenvard, when that law firm was dissolved, he formed a partnership with A. McKinley, Esq. In 1880 he became a candidate for representative of Baldwin county in the general assem bly of the state, and he defeated his opponent, the mayor of Milledgeville, by a large majority. In the lower house of the general assembly Mr. du Bignon took an active and prominent part. He was the author of the measure which appropri ated one hundred and sixty-five thousand dollars ($165,000) for the purpose of erecting new and additional buildings at the state lunatic asylum, and for improving the treatment of the unfortunate there confined. The measure, though bitterly opposed at first, was carried finally by an overwhelming vote. In 1882, at the
end of his term, Mr. du Bignon was elected without opposition to the state senate from the twentieth senatorial district, comprising the counties of Baldwin, Han cock, and Washington. Upon the organization of the senate, Mr. du Bignoi^'s friends urged him to allow the use of his name for president of that body, but he preferred to be upon the floor, and declined. He was appointed chairman of the judiciary committee, which is the most important committee in the legislature. It is to this committee that all important legislation is referred before enacted
into laws. After the organization of the senate, a poll of its members was made, and it was found that there was but one vote's difference between Mr. du Bignon's following and that of Mr. Boynton, who was elected president. Had Mr. du Bignon been elected, he would then have succeeded to the gubernatorial office
upon the death of Gov. Alexander H. Stephens, which occurred shortly afterward, and would have been the youngest man who ever entered that high office. After a residence of a few years in Milledgeville, Mr. du Bignon returned to Savannah, and was directly aftenvard elected solicitor-general of the eastern judicial circuit, which embraces the counties of Chatham, Bryan, Liberty, Mclntosh, and Effingham. In Savannah, in the superior court of Chatham county, he won a splendid reputation as a fearless and successful prosecuting attorney for the state. No influence was strong enough to deter him from prosecuting to the full extent of his ability a violation of the law. Mr. du Bignon took an active part in local politics, and in 1888 he was elected a member of the state senate without opposition. He
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MEMOIRS OP GEORGIA.

resigned the office of solicitor-general, and on the assembling of the senate was unanimously elected its president. He filled the chair with dignity, impartiality and ability. Legislation was in a great measure in his hands, and as those who are acquainted with the secret history of the two sessions know, the designs of certain
foreign corporations to mulct the state treasury were thwarted mainly through his efforts. In 1889 he accepted a partnership in the law firm of Chisholm & Erwin, the counsel for the Platt system of railways and steamships, for the Southern Express company, and Western Union Telegraph company. The firm is now Chisholm. Erwin & du Bignon. As a delegate to the national democratic con vention of 1888, he served on the committee on platform and resolutions, and heartily supported the tariff reform idea. In 1892 he was elected a delegate for the state at large to the national democratic convention, and was unanimously elected chairman of the Georgia delegation in that convention. He was a supporter of Mr. Cleveland, and took a prominent part in the proceedings of that body. Both in 1890 and 1894 Mr. du Bignon was urged to enter the race for governor. He is now prominently mentioned as Gen. Gordon's successor in the United States senate.

F)R. WILLIAM DUXCAX, a thirty-second degree Mason, of Savannah, Ga., was born in that city on Jan. 4, 1840. and received his primary education there.
He then attended Chatham academy, Savannah, Ga., and Springfield academy, Springfield. Ga.. then became a student at the old Oglethorpe university, at Midway, near Milledgeville. Ga. He was graduated in medicine from the Savan nah Medical college in March, 1861, and from the Rotunda hospital, of Dublin, Ireland, in 1865. Dr. Duncan is also a licentiate in midwifery of Kings and Queens College of Physicians. Ireland, and pursued a clinical course in Kings hospital. London, England, and in the hospitals of Paris, France. He located in Savannah, for the practice of his profession, in 1866. He is a member of the State
Medical association, of Georgia, of the Georgia Medical society, of Savannah, and was treasurer of the latter in 1867. The doctor was demonstrator of anatomy in the Savannah Medical college ("now suspended) in 1867, and is at present dean of the faculty and secretary of the board of trustees. He has been one of the attending phvsicians of the Savannah hospital since 1868, and was for many years secretary and treasurer of the board of trustees of the Georgia infirmary for colored people. During the civil war, he served as an assistant surgeon in the army of the Confederate states, and in the field, also, at the hospitals of Savannah, Richmond and Harrisonburg, Ya. Dr. Duncan was an alderman of the city of Savannah for twelve years, during that entire period serving as a member of the sanitary board of that city. In the masonic circles of Savannah, there are few that stand as high as he. having received the thirty-second degree of that order. The doctor lias never married.

QHARLES STEPHEN* ELLIS, a prominent dealer in naval stores, of Savan nah, Ga.. was born in Wilmington, X. C, in January, 1835. His father,
Charles D. Ellis. was a native of Vermont, and a resident of North Carolina.
During the war between the states he was attached to the Confederate artillery service, and he and three others organized three companies of artillery in the city
of Wilmington. His son, Zaccheus, brother of Charles Stephen Ellis, was killed
at the battle of Bentonville, X. C. Charles Stephen Ellis was reared and received liis earlier education in Wilmington, X. C., at fifteen years of age becoming a student at Wake Forrest college, Xorth Carolina, from which institution he
was graduated in 1857, with the degree of bachelor of arts. Soon after his
graduation lie removed to Charleston, S. C., and engaged in the commission

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387

business. In December, 1860, he entered the Confederate service as a private in the Washington Light infantry, which company was afterward assigned to the Twenty-fifth South Carolina infantry, called the Eutaw regiment. In 1863, he was transferred to the First North Carolina battalion of heavy artillery, and was detached for duty as assistant quartermaster of the post of Wilmington, with the rank of captain, and remained there until the fall of the city. He then followed Gen. Bragg, and laid down his arms at Chester, S. C, in April, 1865. Capt Ellis was an active participant in the campaign around Charleston and other important engagements. After the close of hostilities, he went to Wilmington. N. C, and entered the commission business, which was continued until 1877, when he removed to Savannah, Ga., in order to enter the business he now conducts. In 1884, with W. U. Holt and J. R. Young, he founded the naval stores firm of Ellis, Holt & Co. Mr. Holt, dying in 1886, Mr. C. B. Parker, of McRae, Ga., was admitted to the firm, the name changing to Ellis, Young & Co. Mr. Ellis is now actively engaged in the naval stores and wholesale grocery business. He served as the first president of the Naval Stores exchange, and is vice-president of the Chatham bank. Ever alive to the best interests of the city of Savannah, he has been chosen as an alderman, and served a portion of his term. Mr. Ellis is a consistent member of the Baptist church. He was married in Savannah, in 1883, to Cate A., daughter of the late Milton J. Bucker, of that city, and they have five interesting children. two manly sons and three accomplished daughters.

JUDGE ROBERT FALLIGANT, of the eastern judicial circuit of Georgia, was born in the city of Savannah, Ga., Jan. 12, 1839. Maternally, he is descended
from the Raifords, who were among the earliest settlers of the colony of North
Carolina. His maternal great-grandfather, John Raiford. was a soldier in the war of the revolution, a commissioned officer in the Second North Carolina continental
line, serving under Gen. Greene at the battle of Guilford court house, and settled
after the independence of the colonies was declared in Jefferson county, Ga. His maternal grandfather was a soldier in the war of 1812. On his mother's side, he is
also descended from the Batteys, who were among the earliest settlers of the
colony of Rhode Island. His paternal grandfather, who was a soldier under the first Napoleon, emigrated to Georgia after the battle of Waterloo, and settled
in Savannah, Ga., in the year 1816. Robert Falligant, the distinguished subject of this sketch, was educated at the Cherokee Baptist college, then located at Cass-
ville, in what is now Bartow county, Ga., and at the university of Virginia. While a student at the last-named institution, the civil war broke out, and he joined a
company of college boys, known as the Southern Guards, and was one of the party that seized Harper's Ferry while the Virginia secession convention was in
session. He remained in the army of northern Virginia until the close of hos tilities, being in the artillery service during the whole of that memorable struggle
and winning promotion to a lieutenancy after the battle of Antietam, by special order of Gen. Robert E. Lee. Returning to his home in Savannah after the surrender of the Confederate forces, he began the study of law in the office of that eminent jurist, William Law, and finally became his partner in the practice. Enter
ing at once upon a most successful career, he was chosen by his fellow-citizens as one of the representatives from the county of Chatham in the Georgia legislature, in 1882, and two years later as senator from the first district. He was appointed by Gov. Gordon, of Georgia, to the bench of the superior court, in 1889, to fill a vacancy, and, upon the expiration of his term of appointment, he was elected by the general assembly for the full term, and afterward for the succeeding term. For
more than twenty years Judge Falligant has taken an active interest in the welfare of the volunteer militia of Georgia, and commanded for seventeen years the Ogle-

MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.
thorpe Light infantry, of Savannah, one of the most prominent military organiza tions of Georgia. As a soldier, he stands in the front rank; as a legislator, his course was marked by numerous instances of sagacity. He sustains a most desirable rank among the public speakers of the state, his gifts as an orator making ham a natural leader, a position fully justified by his course on the bench and at the bar.
QAPT. JOHN FLAXXERY. a prominent banker and cotton factor of Savannah. Ga.. was born in Xenagh, county Tipperary, Ireland, Nov. 24, 1835.
While in his sixteenth year he came to America, accompanied by his father, land ing at Charleston. S. C, in October, 1851. He remained in Charleston until April, 1852. when he went to Atlanta, Ga., to accept a. situation in a dry-goods store. In August, of the same year, he returned to Charleston, where he remained until December. 1854. as clerk in the dry-goods business. In December, 1854, he removed to Savannah, Ga.. to accept a position in a dry-goods establishment, with which he remained until the fall of 1855. The next three years finds him suc cessively as bookkeeper in the wholesale grocery, and the paint, sash and blind business. In October. 1858. he decided to try the cotton business, and secured a situation as account sales clerk with the house of Evans, Harris & Co., cotton factors. He was promoted to bookkeeper the following year, and continued in this position until May, 1861. when he entered the service of the Confederate states as junior lieutenant of the Irish Jasper Greens, First volunteer regiment of Georgia, of Savannah, in which company he had previously served the state at Fort Pulaski as a non-commissioned officer. In January, 1862, he was promoted to the rank of first lieutenant, and the following October was made captain of the company, in which capacity he continued for tfie remainder of the war. His com pany served as heavy artillery on the coast of Georgia and South Carolina up to May, 1864--he being in command of Lee battery, Savannah river, for over a year prior to that time--when he joined the army of Gen. Joe Johnston near Dallas, Ga. He was an active participant in several skirmishes between that point and Lovejoy's Station, Ga.. and also in the battle of Jonesborough, which was prac tically the last of the Atlanta campaign. He was with Hood's army in the dis astrous Tennessee campaign, but was not present at either the battles of Franklin or Nashville, being on detached service with his command when these battles were being fought. As a result of the exposure and hardships of this campaign, he was taken sick at Corinth, Miss., in January, 1865, which practically ended his active connection with the army for the remainder of the war. He was paroled at Augusta, Ga., in May, 1865. and returned to Savannah during the same month. Being an expert bookkeeper, he was soon employed to go to Hilton Head, S. C.f to adjust the books of a prominent concern, which was closing up its business at that point. Returning to Savannah in July, 1865, he again entered the cotton business, having formed a copartnership with L. J. Guilmartin and E. W. Drummard, under the style of L. J. Guilmartin & Co. In Tune, 1877, this firm was dissolved, Capt. Flannery purchasing all of its assets, and, with John L. Johnson, formed the firm since known as Tohn Flannery & Co. Capt. Flannery takes very little active interest in politics, though ever watchful of local affairs. He served from 1879 to 1889 as chairman of the sinking fund commission of the city of Savannah. He is connected with a number of enterprises of importance to Sa vannah, and has served as a director of the Southern Bank of the State of Georgia since its foundation in 1870, and as its president since 1881. He was re-elected as captain of the Irish Jasper Greens, on the reorganization of the Georgia volunteers, in May, 1872, and still holds that position. He is a consistent member of theCatholic church. His marriage, in April, 1867, to Mary E. Norton, has proved a

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source of unalloyed domestic felicity, and has been blessed by the birth of six children, of whom only two are now in life, viz.: Katie M., the wife of Raphael T. Semmes, of Atlanta, Ga., and John McMahon Planner}-, lately graduated in
the class of civil engineering at the university of Notre Dame, Indiana.

\MALLACE W. FRASER, a leading attorney of Savannah, Ga., was born in Hinesville, Liberty Co., Ga., May 23,1857, and is a son of Simon A. and Mary
W. (Bacon) Fraser, both of whom were Scotch Presbyterians. Simon A. Fraser was a native American, but at the age of ten years went to Inverness, Scotland, which was the home of his ancestors before they emigrated to America, and there he attended the schools for nine years. He was a large planter and slave owner, and at one time represented the county of Liberty in the Georgia legislature. Mary W. (Bacon) Fraser was of Puritan ancestry, natives of Dorchester, Mass., who settled in Dorchester, S. C, and later in Dorchester, Ga. Wallace W. Frazer was educated at the Bradwell institute, Liberty county, Ga., and afterward took a special course in the classics at the university of Georgia, Athens, from which institution he was graduated in law in 1877. He engaged in the practice of his profession for the two years next after his graduation in Liberty county, Ga., and the following two years at Darien, Mclntosh Co., Ga. In Octo ber, 1881, he located in Savannah, and has since been actively and successfully engaged in practice there. In November, 1888, he was elected solicitor-general of the eastern judicial circuit of Georgia, to fill the unexpired term of Hon. Fleming GrantlandDuBignon,was re-elected for the full term of four years, begin ning January, 1889, and re-elected for four years from January, 1892. Mr. Fraser was happily married on Sept 7, 1887, to Miss Eva M. Lawson, of Waco, Texas, and that union has been blessed by the birth of two sons and a daughter, viz.: Wallace W., Jr., Rachel Lawson, and Howard Lawson. In politics he is a demo crat and has been a very active member of the party, having been a delegate from the county of Chatham to the last two state conventions. He is talented as a public speaker and is an able advocate. Mr. Fraser is a master Mason in Landrtim
lodge, a member of Acorn lodge, I. O. O. F., a member of the Savannah volunteer guards and of the Oglethorpe club, of Savannah.
r* OL. W. W. GORDON, commanding First regiment of cavalry, Georgia vol unteers, was born in the city of Savannah, Ga., on Oct. 14, 1834. Until the
age of seven years he resided in the city of his birth, then attended school in Morristown, N. J., until 1846, at that time going to an academy at New Haven, Conn., where he remained one year. He next attended school in White Plains. N. Y., and in 1850 entered Yale university, New Haven, Conn., from which institution he was graduated in 1854. Returning to Savannah, he engaged as clerk to a cotton firm of that city, and in 1856 became a member of the firm. In 1861 he enlisted as a private in the army of the Confederate states, was wounded at the battle of Lovejoy Station, was promoted to captain, and retired on April 26,1865. After the close of hostilities he resumed the cotton business at Savannah, in which he has been very successful. Col. Gordon was elected a member of the general assembly of Georgia from the county of Chatham in 1884, was re-elected in 1886, and again in 1888. He was defeated by a small majority for the demo cratic nomination for congressman of the first district of Georgia in 1886. Col. Gordon was very happily married in 1857 to Miss Nellie Kinzie. of Chicago, 111., and that union has been blessed by the birth of two sons and four daughters, all of whom are now in life except one daughter. Miss Alice. The colonel is not a member of any church organization. Ho occupies a prominent place in the masonic circles of Savannah.

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("1EORGE S. HAIXES, postmaster at Savannah, Ga., was bora in the city of Augusta, Ga., in September, 1847. He is the grandson of the late Hon. John
Schley, judge of the superior court of the Augusta circuit; grand-nephew of the late Hon. Wm. Schley, governor of the state of Georgia; grand-nephew of the late Hon. Geo. Schley, postmaster at Savannah, Ga., for thirty years, and nephew of the late Hon. Wm. Schley, judge of the superior court of the eastern judicial circuit of Georgia. He was reared and educated in the schools of Augusta, and at the commencement of the war between the states, being too young to enter the regular army, he enlisted in the Georgia state troops, and did his duty as
faithfully in that memorable struggle as he has since done in time of peace. He was a frequent -visitor to the city of Savannah prior to taking up his permanent residence there, and most of his life has been spent in that city. Mr. Haines began his business life with the Central railroad of Georgia, in whose service he remained three years. He then went to Robert Habersham's Son & Co., rice factors, and was with that firm three years. He was next in charge of the wharf of the Empire line of steamships, Wallace Gumming & Co. being agents, then being elected superintendent of the Savannah, Skidaway & Seaboard railroad, serving in that capacity six years. He then went to the Atlantic & Gulf railroad, as general ticket agent and paymaster. When that road was merged into the Savannah, Florida & Western, Mr. Haines became assistant general freight and passenger agent, remaining in that position until October, 1879, when he resigned and entered the brokerage business. In 1884 he and W. H. Daniel formed a partner ship in the insurance business, which was continued until April i, 1891, when it was dissolved, each continuing in the insurance business alone. He is a very public spirited citizen, and has always been ready to do his share in advancing the best interests of the city of Savannah, for the benefit of all the people thereof. Being a man of the highest integrity, modest and unassuming, he has probably more strong personal friends than any man in that city. Marked characteristics of this gentleman are strict honesty, a veracity which can never be questioned, absolute fidelity to all trusts committed to him, and a devotion to his friends which is without limit Of course, such a man is possessed of a warm heart, and is courteous and affable to those about him. He has never sought public office, until recently, though he has for some years taken an active interest in city matters. In January, 1887, he was elected a member of the city council of Savannah, and was re-elected three times, serving in all eight years, with the exception of about a month or two, when he resigned and retired, onl" to be called back to fill a vacancy in that body. As a member of the council he took high rank, bringing to the discharge of his duties untiring energy and a zealous desire to round off his work as it should be. On May 10, 1894, he tendered his resignation as a member of the council, having been nominated by President Cleveland as postmaster at Savannah. Being a reformer by nature, when he sought the office of postmaster his application was largely endorsed by the leading business people of Savannah. It is generally conceded that the president could
not have made a better appointment, Mr. Haines now having brought every department of the sen-ice up to a high grade of administration. He is very prom inent in the masonic circles of Savannah, having filled several important offices in that order. He was happily married to a daughter of Hon. George S. Owens, of Savannah, a lady of rare culture and charming character, and they have several children. His home is a happy one, and he is a devoted husband and father.
VyiLLIAM DEARJXG HARDEN1, very prominent in the legal circles of Savannah. Ga., was born in Athens, Clarke Co., Ga., on July 15, 1837. His
parents removing to Savannah when he was about three months of age, lie has

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resided in that city continuously since. His father \vas Thomas Hutson Harden,
son of Thomas Hutson Harden and Matilda A. Baker, and grandson of Col. William Harden, senior colonel of Marion's command, and grandson of Col. John Baker, of Liberty county, Ga., for whom Baker county was named. His mother
was Margaret E. Bearing, daughter of William Dearing and Eliza J. Pasteur, and granddaughter of Capt. John Dearing, of Fauquier county, Ya., and of Lieut.-
Col. Thomas Pasteur, of North Carolina. Thus four of his great-grandfathers were officers of the continental army during the war of the revolution, each being a native of a different state, viz.: Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina and
Georgia. The following extract from the list of members of the society of the Sons of the Revolution in the state of Georgia will show the lineage of Judge Harden: "Harden, William Dearing (Insignia No. 797), great-grandson of William Harden (1743-1785), appointed captain of Beaufort artillery, South Carolina, March, 1776; in command of Fort Lyttleton for fourteen months: colonel of militia under Gen. Stephen Bull; attacked British at Wiggins Hill, 1/79: colonel in Marion's command, 1780-1781; in several skirmishes "with British. 1781; cap tured Fort Balfour with about 100 prisoners, April 12. 1781; at siege and capture of Fort Galphin, 1781; in active service until end of war. Also great-grandson ofJohn Baker (17--1792), member of committee appointed by convention at Savan nah, Ga., July 20, 1774, to prepare resolutions expressive of the sentiments and determination of the people of that province in regard to the Boston port bill;
member of provincial congress of Georgia, 1775-1777: member of Georgia council of safety, 1776; colonel commanding a regiment of militia of Liberty county, Ga., 1775-1783; wounded in a skirmish at Bulltown Swamp, Nov. 19, 1778; defeated
Capt. Goldsmith at White House, Ga., June 28, 1779; participated in the capture of Augusta, Ga., May-June, 1781. Also, great-grandson of Thomas Pasteur (17-- 1806), ensign Fourth North Carolina regiment of infantry of the continental line, Dec. 29, 1777; transferred to the First North Carolina regiment, Dec. 29, 1778; promoted to lieutenant First North Carolina regiment, Nov. 20, 1779; paymaster, April 10, 1782; honorably retired Nov. 15, 1783: lieutenant First regiment United States infantry, June 3, 1790: captain First regiment United States infantry, March 5, 1792; Major Second regiment United States infantry, April u, 1803; died in service, July 29, 1806; original member North Carolina Society of the Cincinnati." William Dearing Harden was reared in the city of Savannah and educated at private schools, being prepared for college by the late Henry K. Preston. He entered the junior class of Princeton. X. J.. in 1854. and two years later was graduated from that institution, at nineteen years of age. Returning to Savannah he read law under John E. Ward, George S. Owens and Charles C. Jones, Jr., and was admitted to the bar in 1858. Late in 1860, just prior to the secession of Georgia, he went with a detachment of the Chatham artillery, which he had joined for that purpose, and took charge of Fort Pulaski
"for whom it may concern." using no flag, Georgia having seceded on Saturday, Jan. 19, 1861; on Sunday, Jan. 20, he was one of three men who raised the flag of Georgia over that fort. His subsequent career in the service of the Confederate states was as follows: He was assigned to duty as acting ordnance officer of Fort Pulaski and Tybce island, and mounted a number of guns: was mustered, with the Chatham artillery, into the Confederate service on July 31, 1861, and then detailed as acting lieutenant and ordnance officer of Brig.-Gen. H. W. Mercer's command, extending from Savannah to Florida, and was sent to Blackboard, St. Simon's, Jekyl and Cumberland islands to complete the batteries, build magazines, mount the guns and drill the men in the use of heavy artillery: went with Gen. Mercer to Brunswick, and returned with him to Savannah. He was commissioned first

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lieutenant in the provisional army of the Confederate states on July 19, 1862, and
assigned to duty by the war department as ordnance officer of the military district of Georgia. On July 15, 1863, he was commissioned as captain and ordered to report to Gen. Beauregard for duty on Morris island, Charleston harbor; inspected Morris island and James island, the Charleston arsenal, and then made a tour of all the arsenals in South Carolina, Georgia and Alabama to secure material for the defense of Charleston. Having performed these duties he was again appointed ordnance officer of the district of Georgia. Gen. Mercer having been ordered to north Georgia. Capt. Harden notified Col. Oladoxvski, chief of ordnance of the army of Tennessee, that he declined to further \vaive his rank, and was accord ingly assigned as ordnance officer of Maj.-Gen. E. C. Walthall's division on Aug 13. 1864, and on Oct. 22, 1864. was verbally ordered by Lieut-Gen. A. P. Stewart to report as acting chief ordnance officer of his corps, and acted in that capacity throughout Hood's campaign in Tennessee. After that campaign had closed he was given a brief leave of absence, the only one he had during the war, but soon rejoining the army under Gen. Joseph E. Johnston in North Carolina, he was, at the request of the ordnance bureau at Richmond, assigned by the war department permanent chief ordnance officer of Stewart's corps with the rank, pay and emoluments of lieutenant-colonel of cavalry, and was paroled at Greensboro, N. C. He was present at all the battles fought by the army from Dalton to Atlanta, to Huntsville, and Tuscumbia, and to Columbia, Franklin, and Nashville, Term., and back to the Tennessee river, it being almost a continuous action. After the close of hostilities, Col. Harden resumed the practice of law in Savannah, and, in 1878, was made corporation attorney of the city and judge of the city court He held the attorneyship for two years and the judgeship for fourteen years. With what signal success he filled the latter position may be gathered from various expressions of the >upreme court of Georgia and from the opinions of the various r:cmbers of the bar. Upon retiring from the bench, Jan. 20, 1892, Judge Harden was tendered a complimentary banquet by the entire bar of Savannah, and there upon resumed the practice of law in that city, in which he is now engaged. He has been an officer of the Georgia Historical society for the past twenty-four years, is a fellow of the American Geographical society, of the Theosophical society, corresponding member of the American Ethnological society, and member of the American branch of the society for Psychological Research. He is also the first vice-president of the Sons of the Revolution in Georgia, and an hereditary member of the distinguished Society of the Cincinnati, and of the Veteran Corps of Artillery in war of 1812. in right of his grandfather, Thomas Hutson Harden, lieutenantcolonel and division inspector with Gen. John Mclntosh; also one of the two trustees allotted t-; the southern states of the American college of Musicians, chartered by act of congress. Among the more prominent social organizations lie is a member of the Manhattan club, the Reform club and the Southern society, ali of Xew York city, and the Oglethorpe club and the Guards club of Savannah. He still retain? his connection with the time-honored Chatham artillery, not actively, but as an honorary member. Judge Harden is the author of An Inquiry into the Truth of Dogmatic Christianity: Comprising a Discussion with a Bishop of the Roman Catholic Church, published by G. I*. Putnam's Sons, Xew York, and London, 1893. which has received high encomiums on both sides of the Atlantic. The book is anti-dogmatic but not anti-religious. Its character may be judged of by the following published extracts: "The style of the discussion is as courteous as the learning is profound--no flippant infidelities deface its pages. The obvious objections to the progress of religion are argued as reverently as the archbishop endeavors to refute them. The manner seems like the earnest conversation of two

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eloquent and educated gentlemen of equal piety and ability, whose object is not to controvert each other, but to get at the real truth of the serious subject about which they intelligently differ."--Stephen Fiske, Esq., in New York "Spirit of the Times." "We heartily wish our time permitted a full review and analysis of this book. It is good to read it, good to study it, good for the heart and good for the mind, and we commend it to the reading public, and here close its pages with no little gratitude to the author for the hours in which he has caught us up out of the heat and toil of current work and refreshed us by glimpses of a higher life, of loftier aims, and of more lasting pleasures."--D. H. C, in "Atlanta Constitution." "I have read your book through with the closest possible attention. * * * Your scope is extensive, your style of treatment clear and logical--in some passages terribly trenchant--and your argument irresistible. How I wish that every intelligent man in Savannali would read it with the care and candor which it deserves and be brought to the conclusion that there is a religion which is true, and a service of God and man which is noble and blessed, apart from superstition." --Extract from a letter from Rev. T. Harley, of London, in the "Savannah Morn ing News."

JULIAN HARTRIDGE, deceased. Handsome in person, accomplished inintellect, polished in manners, the very mirror of honor, always kind, always
gentle, always considerate of the feelings of others, generous almost to prodigal ity, the late Julian Hartridge impressed one as the most lovable gentleman one ever chanced to meet in the social circle. As a lawyer, he was rarely equipped. Endowed by nature with an intellect singularly adapted to the discernment of truth, and embellished by literary attainments of the most liberal description, acquired in the very best institutions of learning in the country, he brought to the pursuit of his chosen profession an honorable ambition and a persevering industry which speedily secured for him an enviable distinction at the bar of Georgia. As an orator his language was unusually chaste and elegant, as well as easy and fluent, his elocution correct and impressive, his logic clear and concise, and his voice musical and magnetic. Few who heard him can forget the charm of his manner or the force and perspicuity of his matter. As a legislator he was pre-eminently conservative and just, and although a democrat of the strictest sect, he did not hesitate to disregard the demands of mere party exigency whenever there was a conflict between them. The Hon. Julian Hartridge was born in the city of Savannah, Ga., Sept. 9, 1829. From early youth he was remarkable for his studious habits and reflective turn of mind. He was the eldest son of a successful merchant of Savannah, who gave his son all the educa tional advantages within reach. At the Chatham academy, a school then distin guished of its kind; at the Montpelier institute, presided over by the late Bishop Elliott, of Georgia, and at other educational institutions in the interior of the state, Julian Hartridge passed the school days of his boyhood. From the first he was a bright and apt scholar, standing at the head of his classes and mastering with equal facility the classics and the sterner routine of mathematics in advance of the boys of his own age. Even then he developed a marked capacity for speaking in one so young and modest, and soon attained rank as a declaimer. When prepared for college, he entered Brown university at Providence, R. I., an institution of high renown, then under the presidency of the eminent Dr. Wayland. His class was one of rare ability, being composed for the most part of young men from the best families of the neighboring New England states. His powers of oratory and composition made up in a measure for other delinquencies, and he graduated with distinction at the age of nineteen. After graduation he

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entered the law school of Harvard university, and there diligently applied himself to the mastery of the principles of that great science. Having taken his degree of Bachelor of Law when just of age, he returned to Savannah, and after service in the office of Judge Robert M. Charlton, was admitted to the bar and settled down for practice in his native city. Success attended him from the inception of his career, and he was soon elected by the legislature of Georgia to the office of solicitor-general of the eastern judicial circuit In the discharge of the duties
of that office he was thrown into almost daily antagonism with a bar of excep tional power and brilliancy, composed of such men as Charlton, Law, Ward, Owens, Lawton, Jackson and others, whose names and achievements are a part of the history of the state. This office he filled with marked ability and unswerving fidelity, winning distinction which was an earnest of his future professional power
and success. Yielding to the persuasion of personal and political friends, he was elected to the general assembly of Georgia from the county of Chatham in 1859, and in the execution of this his first political trust, he secured the respect and confidence of all. He was chosen and served as a delegate in the democratic
convention of 1860 at Charleston, S. C, and Baltimore, Md. Upon the inception of the late war between the states, thoroughly in sympathy with his state and people, he took the field as second lieutenant of the Chatham artillery of Savannah, and served in that capacity until he was elected a representative from the first
district of Georgia to the Confederate congress. There he served until the close of hostilities, holding a distinguished place upon the com mittees and in the debates of the house, his speech upon the conscript act having
marked him at once as one of the profoundest thinkers and ablest debaters in a body composed of men who had justly won their titles to eminence in govern mental affairs. Upon the subjugation of the Confederate states he returned to his home in Savannah, broken in fortune, but undismayed in spirit, and resumed
the practice of his profession, being associated with the late Judge Walter S. Chisholm. Almost his first appearance of note was before a military tribunal charged with the trial of an old and prominent citizen of Georgia for his life, and, though conviction followed, the sentence of the court remains until this day unexecuted. Debarred for a time in common with his fellow-citizens in the political management of his state, he devoted himself assiduously to the law, and
with eminently satisfactory results. When the sword was at length sheathed at the behest and in the presence of the civil law, he was called to preside over the
first convention which gave Georgia a chief magistrate chosen by the people. He was then and there made chairman of the state central executive committee, and soon after was one of the electors-at-large for Georgia on the Tilden and Hendricks ticket. Reluctantly he gave up his profession and agreed to stand
for the forty-fourth congress, to which he was elected by a handsome majority. In this contest, after accepting the nomination, he prepared a letter of withdrawal and was only persuaded by the strong appeals of personal and political friends from putting his determination into execution. In 1876 he was returned to con gress by his constituents, and was in Washington, discharging with admirable ability his duties as representative of the first congressional district, when death summoned him hence, anticipating by but a short time a step he deemed incumbent upon himself in behalf of those he held most dear, he having voluntarily announced his retirement from public life soon after his election as a member of that body. In early manhood he married Miss Mary M. Charlton, eldest daughter
of his legal preceptor. Judge Robert M. Charlton, one of the purest and ablest of Georgia jurists, and once a senator in the United States congress. Nine chil
dren were the fruit of this union, four of whom survive, and the youngest was

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born at the moment when his father was eloquently defending his people in the matter of the Hamburgh massacre. On the morning of Jan. 8, 1879, Julian
Hartridge departed this life, the disease which bore him away being pneumonia. Although he had been confined to his apartments for several days, no one, until
a late moment, anticipated a fatal termination of his attack. His unexpected demise produced a profound impression alike in the national capital in Savannah and throughout the wide borders of Georgia. His body was tenderly laid to rest
in the cemetery of Laurel grove, near Savannah, and the entire community gave token most emphatic that theirs was no ordinary bereavement Julian Hartridge died as his star was in the ascendant. On either side fame and fortune seemed to be waiting and beckoning to him with kindly hands. He had declined a place upon the supreme bench of Georgia, the goal of the ambitious of his pro fession, and had laid aside the power and place of a representative of the people just as his name and fame were becoming familiar to the heart and ear of the country. He was indeed a true type of the men of the south of his day and gen eration. His last public duty was the preparation of an argument upon the
Geneva award. Just as that was finished, the summons came. He does not need the pen of eulogy. His record is inscribed upon the pages of the history of Georgia, and truly may it be said that

"A sweeter and a lovelier gentleman, Framed in the prodigality of nature, The spacious world cannot again afford."

QEN. HENRY ROOTES JACKSON, a prominent lawyer, soldier and diplo mat, of Savannah, Ga., was born in Athens, Ga., June 24, 1820. He was one
of the highest honor men at Yale college in 1839, and was made a lawyer in 1840, settling in Savannah. He was United States district attorney for Georgia in 1843, colonel First Georgia regiment in the Mexican war in 1846 and 1847, judge of the superior courts of Georgia in 1849-1853, United States minister to Austria in 1853, resigning in 1858. He declined to be chancelor of the state university at Athens, Ga., in 1859, which institution made him LL. D. in 1893, was delegate to the historic Charleston democratic convention in 1860, elector for the state-at-
large on the Breckinridge and Lane ticket, Confederate judge for Georgia in 1861, brigadier-general Confederate states army in 1861, major-general Georgia
state troops in the field in 1862, brigadier-general Confederate states army in
1864, trustee of the Peabody educational fund for years, United States minister to Mexico in 1885-1887, president Georgia Historical society from 1875 and of the Telfair Art academy, in 1892 a director of the Central Railroad and Banking company of Georgia. In all these important functions Gen. Jackson has been signally successful and distinguished. His character has been marked by a deep aversion to office-seeking and to the personal rivalries of politics, and he has repeatedly declined the highest political offices. He has achieved the largest successes of his career in his profession of the law. While his large practice has been interrupted by long intervals of military and diplomatic service, one in two great wars far apart, and the other in widely different epochs of national interest,
embracing both his young and matured manhood, and each only an incident of his record, yet his speeches in the court room and his triumphs in vast cases at the
bar, make up the best and main part of his long and eventful life. His effort in the famous "Wanderer" slave-ship prosecution over thirty years ago is to-day a living memory of the highest forensic eloquence, and he conducted and gained
some of the heaviest litigations in the south, and earned the largest fees known

MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.
in that section, realizing a fortune from them. As a commander and organizer of troops he won distinction in Mexico and on Confederate battle-grounds in Georgia, northwestern Virginia and Tennessee, becoming a prisoner in the last fateful campaign of the war. As a diplomatist he conducted international nego tiations with consummate tact and statesmanship. He has true poetic genius, publishing a volume in 1850 entitled, Talulah and Other Poems. A connoisseur in art and letters, genuinely eloquent, of dauntless chivalry and immovable convic tions, a man of affairs, and endo'wed with exalted home qualities, and a prince of entertainers, Gen. Jackson is a type of our best American manhood.
A LEXANDER ROBERT LAWTON, one of the foremost attorneys of the southern states, was born in St Peter's parish, Beaufort district, S. C., Nov.
4, 1818. His grandfather was an officer of the continental army, and his father pursued the vocation of a planter. His youth was spent among the sports and comforts of a generous southern plantation, and his early education was acquired at the private schools of the neighborhood. At sixteen years of age he entered the United States Military academy at West Point, from which he was graduated in 1839 as second lieutenant of the First artillery and for the ensuing eighteen months was stationed successively at Petersburg and Rouse's Point, N. Y., and at Coastport, Me. Resigning from the army in January, 1841, he studied at the Dane law school, Harvard university, Cambridge, Mass., and was graduated therefrom in June, 1842. Returning to his home he continued his studies in the office of Hon. William F. Colcock, and in December of that year was admitted to the practice in Columbia, S. C. In January, 1843, he established his home in Savannah, Ga., and entered regularly and very earnestly upon the practice of his profession. In November, 1849, he accepted the presidency of the Augusta & Savannah Railroad company, and retained that office until the successful com pletion and operation of that road in 1854. Gen. Lawton's entry into the political arena was as a representative from the county of Chatham in the Georgia legisla ture during the session of 1855-6. Among other important services rendered by him while a member of that body was the introduction and passage of the act incorporating the Atlantic & Gulf Railroad company. During the winter of 1860-1 he was a member of the Georgia senate and time and again measured swords with Benjamin H. Hill, anti-secessionist. While absent from the state and entirely without solicitation on his part, he was called upon to represent Chatham county in the lower house during the legislative session of 1874-5. He \vas vice-president and chairman of the judiciary committee of the convention which, in 1877, framed the present constitution of Georgia. Gen. Lawton was president of the Tilden electoral college of Georgia in 1876, and chairman of the Georgia delegation to the national democratic convention that nominated Gen. Winfield S. Hancock at Cincinnati, and Grover Cleveland at Chicago. Early in 1885 he was nominated by President Cleveland as minister plenipotentiary to Russia, but technical objection being raised as to his eligibility under the four teenth amendment of the national constitution, he urged the president to withdraw the nomination, though the point raised was not sustained by the attorney-general. The patriotism which thus laid upon the altar of democratic harmony one of the highest honors within the gift of the administration, won for him a reputation transcending any fame he could have acquired by an acceptance of the tendered mission. When congress reassembled in December, 1885, the first private act passed was one removing the political disabilities of Gen. Lawton. It received the unanimous vote of both houses. In April, 1887, President Cleve land conferred upon him the mission of Austria-Hungary. As minister plentpo-

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tentiary to that power, Gen. Lawton conducted himself and maintained diplomatic relations with marked acceptability both to his home government and to the Austrian court. His residence in Vienna, which extended over a period of two years, was entirely pleasant. His resignation of this official position was in the hands of the secretary of state prior to the inauguration of President Harrison, although, by request, he delayed his return home until the arrival of his successor. Since his return to Savannah Gen. Lawton has not resumed the practice of his profession, which he relinquished when he went abroad upon the mission just referred to. The war record of Gen. Lawton is a very brilliant one. He was the first colonel of the first volunteer regiment of Georgia, brigadier-general in the Confederate army in command of the military district of Georgia in 1861, served in Virginia in 1862, was wounded at Sharpsburg, Md., under Gen. Stone wall Jackson, and in August, 1863, was appointed quartermaster-general of the Confederate states, holding that rank at the termination of hostilities. As a lawyer and orator, Gen. Lawton is pre-eminent. He has had an enormous practice and as chief counsel of the Central railroad of Georgia for twenty-one years, has treated questions of private and corporate right in the supreme courts of Georgia,
South Carolina and Florida, and in the United States supreme court. He is one of the ten founders of the American Bar association, and had a leading part in the formation of the Georgia Bar association. His address as president of the Ameri can Bar association on the lives and services of James L. Pettigrew and Hugh S. Legare, his eulogy on the life, character and services of Robert E. Lee, delivered in Savannah, and his oration upon the laying of the. corner-stone of the new capitol of Georgia, by invitation of the general assembly, are all full of genuine eloquence. Gen. Lawton has long been recognized as a true type of the southern gentleman. He is now crowning a life of labor with an age of ease. His mar riage in November, 1845, to Sarah H. Alexander, of Savannah, proved a source of unalloyed domestic happiness, and has been blessed by three children, viz.: Louisa F., wife of Mr. Leonard C. Mackall, of Philadelphia; Nora, wife of Henry C. Cunningham, of Savannah, and Alexander R. Lawton, Jr., of the Savannah bar, who is following in the footsteps of his illustrious father.

COWARD LOVELL. Among those who have contributed by their enterprise and public spirit to the permanent growth and prosperity of Savannah, Edward
Lowell will always have a prominent place. Mr. Lovell was born at Medway, Mass., March 4, 1816, and came to Savannah in 1835, then a little seaport having a limited commerce carried on by sloops and brigs, the river being too shallow
to admit larger vessels. Mr. Lovell, as soon as he attained his majority, embarked in business for himself. His first venture was a gun store, both for the sale and repair of guns. In 1840 his success justified him in enlarging his business and adding thereto a line of hardware and house furnishing goods, and in 1857 he established the house of Lovell & Lattimore by associating his brother, Nathaniel Lovell, and his friend, William Lattimore, in co-partnership with him. In 1868 his son, Edward V. Lovell, having arrived at maturity, Mr. Edward Lovell retired from the firm of Lovell & Lattimore. leaving the good-will, the established stand or location of the business and the familiar firm name to his partners, and opened a place of business on Congress street, which was soon removed to Broughton street; and taking William C. Crawford and Edward F. Lovell, who had received their training under his watchful care, he continued his old business with their co-operation under the firm name of Crawford & Lovell. This firm soon com mended itself to public patronage and continued until terminated by the deatli of Mr. Crawford in 1884. The business of the old firm having been speedily and

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satisfactorily adjusted a new firm took its place, comprised of Edward Lovell and
his two sons. Edward F. Lovell and Robert P. Lovell, and soon the new firm became one of the largest hardware and iron houses in the state and has so
continued, notwithstanding his death, which occurred on Aug. 25, 1888. Mr. Lovell by his sagacity and experience laid the foundation broad and deep for a growing and successful business and the impress of his wisdom and integrity is illustrated in the name of Edward Lovell's Sons, under which the business still continues. Mr. Lovell was a man of great industry and application, but so method ical and exact in all his transactions that he kept the even tenor of his way, without hurry or confusion, accomplishing a vast amount of work without excessive effort or apparent sacrifice of physical or mental activity. He was loyal to his adopted
city. He had confidence in her ultimate success. He did not hoard his gains and after filling hi; coffers remove himself and his wealth to the place of his birth, there to enjoy in ease and comfort his well earned rest, but actively participated in even.- important enterprise that promised to advance the interest and prosperity
of Savannah: invested his income judiciously in permanent improvements, in real estate in and out of the city, and became interested in financial and manufacturing venture? which have largely contributed to the growth and progress of Savannah. He wa? early interested in the Savannah & Ogeechee canal, which, in its day, floated millions of feet of lumber and timber to the citv- and before the construction of the Central railroad was an important highway of commerce to this point on the coast of Georgia. Mr. Lovell was its president for many years. He was a director in the Atlantic & Gulf railroad, president of the Savannah Brick Manu facturing company, vice-president of the Oglethorpe Savings and Trust company, while hi? name appeared as a stockholder and contributor to many of the corpora tions and associations formed for the promotion of manufacturing and commerce. Xot only was Mr. Lovell loyal to his adopted home in contributing to its growth and material prosperity but he was also true to it in time of war and pestilence.
Although he was exempt by age from sen-ice as a soldier he served the Con federacy in superintending the construction of batteries and earthworks in the defense around Savannah. With the capacity and fitness for business so eminently
displayed Mr. Lovell possessed the estimable qualities of charity and benevolence, unostentatious but effective, dispensing relief to the needy and distressed with a lavish but discriminating hand. Xo worthy object ever appealed to him in vain.
Mr. Lovell was married May 4. 1845, to Miss Mary A. Bates, of Cohasset, Mass., i. devoted wife and constant companion. Together they pursued the even tenor
of their way devoted to w.ch other and their children. The widow did not long survive her husband. This worthy couple left a good name to their children, a heritage more lasting than wealth or earthly preferment. Mr. Lovell was social in his fee-lings and while immersed in business and discharging many duties and trust!: he- found time- to participate in the pleasant associations of Odd Fellowship as a member of Live Oak lodge, and was for many years an active member of that time-honored corps, the Chatham artillery, a military company which united the discipline of the soldier and the amenities of social engagement more successfully tlian any other of the volunteer militia of Georgia. Mr. Lovell was an honorary
member of the Chatham artillery at the time of his death.

IW1 YOI.'XG M'l XTVKK, a prominent cotton factor of Savannah, Ga., was born " in Thoinasvillc, Thomas Co., Ga., (Jet. 23, 1856. His father, A. T. Mclntyre,
is a native of Georgia, and a son of Archibald Molntyre, who was a native of Scot land. A. T. Mclntyrc is now engaged in the practice of law at Thomasville, Ga., at the- age of seventy-two. Just prior to the civil war he was a member of the

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legislature of Georgia from the county of Thomas, and also represented the ok! First district of Georgia in the United States congress during the seventies. During the civil war Mr. Mclntyre was a colonel of the Georgia state militia. Col. Mclntyre has never held or sought office, preferring to devote his entire time to his business. M. Young Mclntyre was reared and received his primary education in the city of Thomasvillc, attended the university of Georgia, at Athens, and \vas graduated from that institution, with the degree of Bachelor of Philosophy, in 1877. For the first five years next after his graduation he was in charge of his father's farm in Thomas county, Ga., and in 1882 he removed to Savannah, where, for one year, he was engaged as clerk for Capt. C. F. Stubbs, in the cotton business. Upon the death of his employer he became a member of the firm, under the style oi Garnett, Stubbs & Co., which relation he sustained for two years, when he and his brother, Mr. D. I. Mclntyre. entered the cotton business. In the spring of 1894 Mr. D. I. Mclntyre disposed of his interest in this business, which has since been continued under the name of M. Y. Mclntyre & Co. He is prominently iden tified with the directory of the Savannah Bank and Trust company, and among tiie more prominent social, fraternal and military organizations, is a member of the Masons, the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks, the Oglethorpe club, Savannah Yacht club, University club, a pay member of the Chatham artillery and the Georgia hussars, and vice-president of St. Andrew's Society of Scotchmen.

WHAXX MACKALL, one of the leading attorneys of Savannah. Ga., was born in the city of Washington, D. C.. on July 8. 1853. His father was Gen. William W. Mackall. of the United States army, a graduate of West Point Military academy, who was stationed in California until 1856, resigning that post at the commencement of the war between the states in order to remove lu the southern states. The subject of this sketch came south with his father and resided in Macon and Savannah. Ga., and in Virginia. He received a limited education in the schools of Macon, graduating later from St. John's college. Annapolis, Md., his father having settled in Virginia some time prior to the year 1871. He was admitted to the bar in Maryland in 1875. one year later removing to Columbus, Ga.. thence coining to Savannah. Ga., where he entered the office of Col. William Garrard on a salary, remaining in his employ for two years. He then formed a partnership with T^. G. Erwin. which was continued for one year. and in 1880 he entered the firm of Collier & Charlton as a partner. Mr. Collier withdrew from the firm at the expiration of one >ear. the business being continued under the style of Charlton & Mackall. In 1800 Jefferson R. Anderson was added to the firm, its name being then changed to Charlton, Mackall & Anderson. Mr. Mackall takes no active part in politics, nor has he ever sought or held office of any kind.

A LEXAXDER HARRTSOX MACDOXELL. judge of the city court of Savannah, Ga., was born in Lumpkin, Stewart Co., Ga., March 28. 1858. His
father, Rev. George G. X. MacDonell. is a native of Savannah. Ga.. and has been in the sen-ice of the Methodist Episcopal church, south, since 1855. He is now stationed at Columbus. Ga., as presiding elder of the Columbus district, South Georgia conference. On account of his father's connection with the Methodist itinerancy, the education of Alexander H. MaolXniell was not received at any one town, he being prepared for college in the schools of Savannah and at Mercer university, preparatory department. In 1875 nc entered Emory college, at Oxford. Ga., and was graduated from that institution four years later, with the degree of Master of Arts. Returning to Savannah, he began the study of law under Hon. J. R. Saussy, and was admitted to the bar at Savannah, in 1871). L'ntil 1882 he

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practiced his profession alone, that year forming a partnership with J. E. Wooten,
which was continued until 1886. In January, 1892, Mr. MacDonell was appointed judge of the city court of Savannah, his term of sen-ice expiring in January, 1896. Judge MacDonell is a fourteenth degree Scottish rite, and a third degree York rite Mason. He is also a member of the I. O." O. F., and of the Sons of St.
Andrew. He has held important positions in both the Masons and Odd Fellows. He is a consistent member of the Methodist Episcopal church, south, having been for several years past a steward' in, and secretary of, the Wesley Monumental church, of Savannah. He was united in marriage, in 1886--Nov. 4--to Miss Lillian, daughter of Col. William Mercer, of Augusta, Ga.

DETER WILTBERGER MELDRIM, one of the leaders of the bar of Georgia,
was born in Savannah, Ga., Dec. 4, 1848, and is a son of Ralph and Jane (Fawcett) Meldrim. His earlier education was acquired at Chatham academy,
under a private tutor, and he was graduated with distinction from the academic
department of the university of Georgia in 1868, being the anniversary orator of the Phi Kappa society; and from the law department in 1869. During the
following winter, he began the practice of his profession at Savannah, and went steadily and rapidly to the front, winning a large and lucrative business. Two
days before the state election of 1881, he was nominated for and elected state senator; but after sen-ing two terms, he has since declined public life, and has
devoted himself exclusively to the law. A writer, in summing up Mr. Meldrim's legislative sen-ice, says that it was active, high-toned and brilliant. He was ever ready to give his vote and his voice to those measures of policy, or to the statutes which seemed to him essential to individual and public welfare. In all his acts he reflected the liberality and intelligence of his constituents, and for this was beloved and admired by all who witnessed his course. His efforts in debate sustained his reputation as an orator. As chairman of the committee of military
affairs, he was indefatigable in his labors in behalf of the perfect organization, equipment and discipline of the volunteer troops of the state. His speeches on this subject before the committees, and in the senate, were models of eloquence and logic. Then, when the bill to make tuition forever free at the state university
was put upon its passage and the measure was violently opposed, he came to the rescue fearlessly and grandly, aiding materially in bringing about the happy
result of its triumphant passage. His constituents and the people of Georgia have reason to be proud of his talents and character. For several years Mr. Meldrim has been associated with Col. William Garrard in the practice of law. These
gentlemen have long had the reputation of enjoying one of the largest practices in the city of Savannah. Mr. Meldrim is the court-house lawyer of the firm, and is remarkably successful in both civil and criminal practice. In many of the Georgia decisions, where appear Mr. Meldrim's cases, there are high compliments from the supreme bench. In all things appertaining to Irish affairs, he takes a deep
interest, and has been president of the Hibernian society for years. He is major of the Fifth regiment of Georgia cavalry, to which position he was promoted from a
lieutenancy in the Georgia Hussars. He is also a member of the board of trustees of the university of Georgia, and president of the Alumni society of that institution. He has been an earnest worker and member of the Jasper Monument association, and aided very materially in the erection of the monument to Sergt. Jasper, in Madison square, Savannah. Maj. Meldrim is probably the warmest friend that the
cause of the state aid to education has in the limits of Georgia, and he aided m securing free tuition at the university of Georgia. As a speaker, Maj. Meldrim is ornate, strong, and shows very wide reading. He has delivered the
annual address before the Georgia Historical society, the university of Georgia,

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and numerous literary addresses. Every political canvass brings Mr. Meldrim U the front. Candidates need his aid and influence, which is far-reaching: and. being a good planner and organizer, his friends invariably get him interested. He is too busy with pressing professional business to aspire to office himself, but every two years he is urged to become a candidate for congress. Maj. Meldrim was happily married in 1891 to Miss Fannie P. Casey, daughter of that distinguished
citizen of Savannah, Dr. H. R. Casey. The Meldrim residence in Savannah is one of the most stately and beautiful homes in the southern states. It is possessed oi historic interest from the fact of its having been the headquarters of Gen. Sherman when the city of Savannah was captured, at the termination of his celebrated march to the sea.

MALCOLM MACLEAN, cotton factor, of Savannah, Ga., was born in Xortii Uist, Inverness shire, Scotland, March 17, 1837, and resided there until
eighteen years of age. In 1855 he came to the United States, landing at Newport,
Fla., where he at once entered the' employ of McNaught & Ormond. general mer chandise and commission men, receiving for his services $12.50 per month for the first six months. When this firm established a branch house in Savannah in 1860, known as McNaught, Beard & Co., Mr. Maclean was made clerk and con fidential man, and remained in that position until a few months before the outbreak of the war between the states. Leaving this firm, he engaged with Duncan & Johnston, cotton merchants in Savannah, Ga., for a few months, and then enlisted as a private in the Oglethorpe State artillery. A few months later, when the company disbanded, he enlisted in the Savannah Volunteer guards, and served with that command to the close of the war. He was wounded and captured at the battle of Sailor's Creek, Va., and was held .at Fort McHenry until the war closed. On the reorganization of the Savannah Volunteer guards, in 1872, he was elected second lieutenant of Company B, of that battalion, but was. by exactions of business, compelled to resign this office, when he was elected an honorary exempt member of that command. He has always felt a lively interest in the volunteer soldiery of the state, and is always ready to aid and encourage them in their efforts to attain proficiency. After his release from Fort McHenry, he returned to Savannah, and three days later secured a position as purchasing agent and commissary for the Atlantic & Gulf railroad--now the Savannah, Florida & Western railway--which he held for three months. Re-entering the employ of Duncan & Johnston, in 1865, he was successively bookkeeper, cashier, and partner, but the yellow fever appear ing in Savannah in 1876, he was forced to give up his business connection with this firm, and accepted a position as cashier for the receivers of the Atlantic & Gulf railroad, serving in that capacity for six months. Again entering the cotton business in Savannah on his individual account, he has continued in that line to this time, and has been very successful. Mr. Maclean, in addition to other extensive business interests, is a member of the board of directors of the Mer chants' National bank, Ocean Steamship company, Planters' rice mill, of Savannah: the Kincaid Manufacturing company, of Griffin, Ga.; the New England & Savan nah Steamship company, and one of the board of managers of the Savannah hospital. He is a Knight Templar Mason, and has served as president of the St. Andrew's society, of Savannah. He is a member of the Independent Presby terian church, and has never sought or held public office. He was married on Dec. 2, 1875, to Mary Mclntosh Mills, daughter of Capt. James G. Mills, deceased, of Savannah, and they have seven living children: Annie Macdonald, Edward Mills, Marion Morrison, Carnelia Sams, Malcolm Roderick, George Mills, and Charles Mills.
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MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

QOL. GEORGE A. MERCER, the ranking line officer of the Georgia state troops, was born in Savannah, Ga., Feb. 9, 1835, and is a son of Gen. Hugh
Weedon and Mary S. (Anderson) Mercer. His paternal grandmother was the daughter of Cyrus Griffin, of Virginia, the president of the continental congress. Gen. Hugh Weedon Mercer was a native of Fredericksburg, Va., and was born in 1808; he was graduated from the United States Military academy at West Point in 1828, in the class of Jefferson Davis, and one class behind that of Gen. Robert E. Lee. In 1833, he resigned from the army and settled in Savannah, became cashier of the Planters' bank, and filled that position until the breaking out of the civil war. He was the second colonel (and afterward brigadier-general) of the first volunteer regiment of Georgia. He served throughout the war, doing duty chiefly on the coast of South Carolina and Georgia, and in the western army, under Gens. Joseph E. Johnston and Hood. At the close of hostilities, he re turned to Savannah, and then went to Europe, dying at Baden Baden, Germany, in 1877. He was a son of Col. Hugh Mercer, the president of the old Farmers' bank, of Fredericksburg, for many years. Gen. Hugh Mercer was an intimate friend of George Washington, and was killed at the battle of Princeton during the war of the revolution. Mrs. Mary S. (Anderson) Mercer was a native of Savannah, and a daughter of George Anderson, a prominent merchant of that city. Of the three children, now living, born to Hugh and Mary S. Mercer, the distinguished subject of this sketch is the eldest, the other two being Mrs. Mary S. Walker and Robert Lee Mercer. George Anderson Mercer received his preliminary educa tion in Savannah, and at the age of thirteen was sent to the celebrated school of Prof. Russell, in Xew Haven, Conn. Returning to Savannah, he became a pupil of the well-known teacher, Prof. William T. Feay, who prepared him for college. He entered the sophomore class of Princeton college, and was graduated there from with the degree of Master of Arts in 1856. He attended the law school of the university of Virginia in 1857, visited Europe the following year, and, upon his return to Savannah, he entered the law office of Lloyd & Owens, being admitted to the bar in Savannah in 1859. After admission, he was in the office of Ward, Jackson & Jones lor one year, and was then taken into partnership with George A. Gordon, then counsel for the Central railroad of Georgia. At the breaking out of the civil war, Mr. Mercer entered the Confederate service as a corporal of the Republican Blues, of Savannah. In November, 1861, he was appointed assistant adjutant-general, with the rank of captain of infantry, and served along the coast of Georgia, and in 1864 he was transferred to the western army, where he was in service at the surrender. The following year, 1865, after having been captured by the Federal forces under Gen. Wilson, at Macon, Ga., he was paroled and returned to Savannah, where, as soon as the courts were open, he resumed the practice of his profession, which soon became large and lucrative. In 1872-74 he represented Chatham county in the Georgia legislature, accepting the place at the earnest solicitation of many friends, but has never held any other office, once refusing the Federal judgeship of Georgia. Upon the reorganization of the Savannah military he was chosen captain of the Republican Blues, organized in 1808, and held that rank fifteen years. He is now colonel of the First Volunteer regiment of Georgia, and is the ranking officer of the line in the state. Col. Mercer has always taken an active interest in the local affairs of his native city and in the development of her educational system. He was president of the board of trustees of the Savannah Medical college, and is president of the educational board of the city of Savannah and the county of Chatham, a member of the trustees of the Chatham academy, the Georgia Historical society, and the Telfair Academy of Arts and Sciences. He is also an active member of the Georgia and the American Bar associations. He was chosen a delegate to the Chicago national

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democratic convention of 1892, and was a warm supporter of the claims of Grover Cleveland for the presidency. He was married in 1861, at Fredericksburg, Va., to Nannie Maury Herndon, daughter of Dr. B. S. llerndon. Mrs. Mercer de parted this life in June, 1885. Of the seven children born of that union, five survive, viz.: George A., Jr., Lewis Herndon, Robert Lee, Edward Clifford Anderson, and Nannie Maury, the wife of J. M. Lang, of Savannah, Ga.

MEYER, general manager of the Georgia Brewing association, of Savannah, was born in the city of Savannah, Ga., June 19, 1860, and was reared and educated in that city, graduating from the grammar school in 1875. At the age of fifteen he apprenticed himself to a baker in Savannah, but was stricken
the following year with the yellow fever, which incapacitated him for duty for a long time, and at the instance of his physician, he took a position with the Knickerbocker Ice company, of that city, requiring outdoor work, and drove one of their delivery wagons. Two years later he was promoted to the position of general superintendent of the delivery system of that company, and in 1884 he accepted the agency of the Anheuser-Busch Brewing association in Savannah,
consolidating his business with that of the Wolters Brewing company, in 1892. On petition of the stockholders, the receivership of that company was placed in his hands during October, the following year. He served as receiver six months, during which time, by judicious management, he increased the value of the brewery plant many thousand dollars. In March, 1894, the Georgia Brewing association was formed by the creditors of the Wolters company, and Mr. Meyer was elected general manager of the plant, retaining that position at this time. The
Georgia Brewing association has a capital stock of $48,000, Mr. Meyer being the largest individual stockholder. The annual output of this plant will reach this year 15,000 barrels. Mr. Meyer is a stockholder in the Savannah Savings bank, is a retired member of the local turnverein, the I. O. O. F., the Knights of Pythias. and the uniform rank. He is also prominently identified with the German volun teers, in which military organization he saw active service for ten years. His home life is a very happy one. He was married in 1890 to Amelia W., daughter of the late August Walter, and that union has been blessed with the birth of two manly sons--Walter Rudolph and George Herman.

LIERMAN MYERS, mayor of Savannah, Ga., was born in Germany, Jan. 18, 1847, and 's a son f Sigmund and Fannie Myers. The family emigrated to
the United States in 1852 and settled in Bath county, W. Va., where Herman lived
until 1862, when the family removed to Lynchburg, Va. From 1854 to 1862 Her
man attended the schools of Richmond, Va., and in 1867 came to Savannah, Ga., and in connection with his two brothers, Fred S. and Sigo, established a wholesale tobacco business on a rather extensive scale under the firm name of H. Myers & Bros., they being the pioneers of that line of business in the city of
Savannah. In 1890, the tobacco business was discontinued by the brothers, and they and others organized the Savannah Grocery company. The controlling
interest of the Savannah Grocery company is now owned by the Myers brother?,
its capital stock being $200,000, and doing an annual business of $i,000,000. Herman Myers is also president of the El Modelo Cigar Manufacturing company, located at Jacksonville, Fla., which does an annual business of $500,000, and he is a large stockholder in the B. F. Gravely & Co., limited, tobacco manufactory, located at Martinsville, Va. In 1886, the National bank of Savannah was organized, with Mr. Myers as president, which position he has since retained. He is also vicepresident of the Oglethorpe Savings and Trust company, of Savannah. He has
served five terms as alderman of the city of Savannah, during the entire period of

MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.
his incumbency being chairman of the finance committee. On Jan. 22, 1895, after one of the most exciting contests ever known in the history of the city, he was elected mayor of the municipality of Savannah, his opponent being Dr. Duncan, one of the citys most prominent residents, whom he defeated by a majority of 700 votes. In the exalted office of mayor Mr. Myers has proven himself one of the most progressive administrators of public affairs the city of Savannah has ever known, and has demonstrated what is possible to the young men of the country who are the architects of their own fortunes, a striking object lesson of what is in reach of those who have a determination to succeed in life, against what ever odds. Mr. Myers is a member of the Knights of Pythias, a master Mason, a member of the Bnai Brith and the Hebrew church. He is not married.
THOMAS MASOX NORWOOD, lawyer and ex-United States senator, Savan nah. Ga.. was born in Talbot county, Ga.. in 1830. He was graduated from
Emory college. Georgia, in 1850, admitted to the bar in 1852, and began the practice of his profession in Savannah in 1857. In 1861-62 he was a member of the state legislature, and in 1868 was an alternate elector on the Seymour and Blair ticket In 1870 he was chosen to fill an unexpired term in the United States senate, and was elected a year later for a full term, serving until 1877. His seat was unsuccessfully contested by Foster Blodgett. In his political canvass in 1870 he won celebrity by a series of newspaper articles written under the pseudonym of Nemesis, and his senatorial career was distinguished by two speeches he delivered, which were models of polished invective. Upon the expira tion of his senatorial term he resumed his practice at Savannah, and is one of the foremost lawyers of the state.
DATRICK JOSEPH OCONNOR, national president of the Ancient Order of Hibernians, and a member of the well-known law firm of OConnor &
OByrne, of Savannah, Ga., was born in that city on Sept. 25, 1859. His father, Daniel, was a native of Ireland. He was a manufacturer in the city of Savannah for many years, served as aHerman of that city for four years, and died there in 1887. Patrick J. OConnor was reared and educated in the city of Savannah, in 1877 attending the Pio Nono college, Macon, Ga. He then entered the law depart ment of that famous Catholic institution, Georgetown college, in the District of Columbia, and was graduated therefrom in June, 1880. Returning to Savannah, the following January he was admitted to the bar in that city, and practiced his profession alone until 1890, when he was admitted to partnership with M. A. OByrne. He has actively and successfully followed the practice since his admission to the bar. From 1883-87 Mr. OConnor served on the aldermanic board of Savannah, and has ever evinced a very active interest in the politics of that municipality. He is a consistent member of the Catholic church, is a pay member of the Irish Jasper Greens, a prominent military organization of the city of Savannah, and also a member of the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks. At the national convention of the Ancient Order of Hibernians, held at Omaha, Neb., he was elected the national president of that order, which has more than 150,000 members in the United States. The private life of Mr. OConnor is ideal. He was very happily married in November, 1883, to Miss Winnifred, the daughter of Thomas Maher, a prominent citizen of Savannah. That union has been blessed by the birth of a son and three daughters.
DANIEL G. PURSE. No one has stamped his impress upon the development of his section to a greater degree than Capt. Daniel G. Purse, president of the Savannah, Ga.. board of trade. A man gifted with so keen a

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foresight, of such broad intellectuality, masterful and prolific in originating, and .absolutely tireless in advancing enterprises calculated to benefit his city and sec tion, exhaustive in expedients to foster them, magnetic, persuasive and logical in presenting his views, and with an executive ability that is rarely possessed by those of such fertile genius, it is no wonder that by common consent his people seek to enlist his directive energy in all great enterprises affecting the future prosperity of the principal city and seaport of the South Atlantic states. Capt. Purse inherits much of his father's enterprising spirit and exhaustive ability. The
elder Purse was one of the principal projectors of the Central railroad of Georgia, to whose indomitable spirit it may be safely said the success of the enterprise was made possible. When an effort was being made to secure a stock subscription of $500,000 in the enterprise from the city of Savannah, one of the speakers at a public meeting said Savannah could not subscribe $5,000. Thos. Purse took the stand and said Savannah could not only, but would, subscribe $500,000 (a vast sum in the forties for Savannah) and he pledged himself to see that it would be done. It was raised in stock and he himself negotiated the loan for nearly half a million dollars, which resulted in the building of the first great system of southern railways, and not one dollar of the subscription was lost to the city. As its first superintendent, as alderman, mayor of his city and as state senator, the elder Purse manifested a fidelity to every public trust, second only to the zeal and ability which were traits of character that he transmitted to the son. Capt Purse is a native of Savannah in his fifty-sixth year, but with the energy, vigor and spirit of a man of thirty. Educated for the law, circumstances beyond his control forced him into commercial pursuits. The war between the sections led him to give up his business to enlist in the army of the Confederacy and he was serving in the supply department with the title of captain when peace was restored. Like many others, he returned depleted in purse to resume his commercial life, which he conducted with a success characteristic of the man. Among some of the enterprises with which he has been connected (for in the narrow limit of a sketch like this all of them cannot be embraced) the principal ones are the Tybee railroad, built from Savannah through twenty miles of salt marsh, an enterprise that was held by many to be impracticable, if not impossible, yet he projected and completed it, and it has made Tybee island famous as one of the most inviting resorts in the south. The plan of veneering the banks of the rail
road through the marsh with the marsh sod was an experiment unheard of in railroad construction and it was not thought possible to secure by an embankment, except at great cost for piling, protection that would not be influenced by the winds and washing tides. The success of the marsh sod, Capt. Purse's conception, was beyond expectation, and attracted the widest attention in this country and Europe. Russian engineers were quick to adopt it in railway construction through the steppes. As the father was the originator of the time-table for railways, so the son was the inventor of this economical protection for railway tracks through semiaqueous marshes by a method as simple as it is practical, as the great storm of August, 1893, has abundantly shown, although so severe a test was never contemplated. For years the cities and towns of the South Atlantic and gulf states drew their water supply either from muddy and contaminated streams or surface wells. The water was not conducive of health, and in fact much of the sickness among the people of the semi-tropics was due to the insamtry water
they were compelled to drink. The first artesian well was sunk by him in Sa vannah, under the most adverse circumstances and discouraging criticism of the people and of the press, but a strata of pure water was reached at a distance of less than 500 feet, which caused a revolution in the water supply. Savannah now

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draws all its water from a system of wells of this kind, yielding 10,000,000 gallons
daily, exclusive of the many private artesian wells, while the coast towns and cities of South Carolina, Georgia and Florida all draw upon the artesian supply to the marked increase of health. Prior to the building of the Tybee railroad, Capt
Purse had made a reputation as a financier by his management of one of the banking institutions of the city. He took the presidency when the bank was not only without surplus, but actually impaired seventeen per cent, and its stock down
to seventy, and brought it to a standard equal to any in the south, which it has
ever since been able to maintain, giving it several years' service without remunera tion. The confidence reposed in him was well shown by a special loan of a quarter of a million dollars he secured for the institution, upon his individual representa tions, on what others thought would be a fruitless visit to the east, which loan was absolutely necessary to save the bank when he first assumed the presidency in its depleted condition from being compelled to go into liquidation, and the
bank in which confidence had been shaken, under his administration survived the heavy losses that had fallen upon it prior to his management, and when he voluntarily resigned to connect himself with other enterprises he left it one of the most stable institutions of its kind in the south. As chairman of the finance committee of the city council he succeeded in funding the city's seven per cent bonded indebtedness in 1877 at ^ve Per cent when some of the heaviest holders of the city's credit gave him to understand that there would be no use to ask it. At
the instance of the bond-holders and at the request of the mayor and city council, he in his capacity of chairman of the finance committee of the city council ad dressed the holders of th'e bonds at Baltimore, Charleston, S. C., and at other
places, and when he left the meetings he carried with him in each instance the written consent of every holder present to funding the debt. Probably his greatest and most far-reaching work was that of planning and conducting what
is known as the "campaign of education" for government aid in deepening the harbor of Savannah. His connection with that movement gave him national reputation. His communications to the press, to the governors and legislators
of the different states, his addresses to the commercial bodies of the south, the west and the northwest, and to the state and national farmers' convention, were able and convincing, and led to the appropriation by the government of $3,500,000 for harbor improvements, all of which has been appropriated and nearly all ex
pended, and to-day Savannah has practically a twenty-six foot channel from her wharves to the ocean. Capt. Purse deserves every honor Savannah can bestow upon him for the part he has performed in the accomplishment of this great work. Capt. Purse is now serving his fifth term as president of the board of trade, something unexampled in the history of that organization, in which position he has done much to advance the interest not only of his own city, but of other
ports of the South Atlantic. Believing in the admission of raw materials free
from the burdens of a tariff tax, the board of trade at his instance took early and pronounced action on the subject and largely influenced like action on the part of commercial and trade organizations in other parts of the United States. Capt
Purse is one of the honorary vice-presidents of the Cotton States and International exposition opening at Atlanta on Sept. 18, and is commissioner in charge of Savannah's splendid exhibit. Capt Purse has ever been one of the most pro
nounced and zealous advocates of sound money, and the resolutions of the board of trade adopted at different times in advocacy of sound money have the earmarks of his strong and decisive methods of thought The Savannah bureau of freight and transportation, organized and operating in the interest of Savannah's com merce and against unjust discriminations affecting all the South Atlantic ports.

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is the result of his foresight and labor. At first he declined the commissionership which would have entailed upon him the active management and direction of the bureau; but recently, upon the resignation of the commissioner first elected, he has been called the unanimous vice-director and share-holder to the vacancy to meet the demand for a vigorous and aggressive policy on the part of the bureau in dealing with the embarrassment entailed upon Savannah's commerce, and that of the ports of Charleston and Brunswick, by what are considered unjust discriminations in freight, etc. Far-reaching results are expected to result from Capt Purse's incumbency of the commissionership. In his work he will enlist the hearty co-operation of the ports of Charleston and Brunswick. In his general pacificatory policy in dealing with commercial questions he has done much to bring about a friendship and harmony between Savannah and rival ports, and this is practically true of the cordial relations now existing between Charleston and Savannah, due in a large measure to the course pursued by CapL Purse since his accession to the presidency of the board of trade. Capt Purse is engaged in formulating plans for the projection of enterprises that will be of vast importance to the south, and which will, if possible, make him even more prominent in the history of southern development and progress. That he will succeed, who can doubt? We have not attempted to deal with the various local enterprises in which he has been prominent, such as street railway construction, the introduction of electric light and power, or his connection with almost every enterprise calculated to foster the growth and prosperity of his city. At one time extensively interested in rice planting, he has been in this and other ways closely allied with agricultural interests and was elected vice-president of the National Farmers' alliance at Sedalia, Mo., in 1891, presiding at its session at Lincoln, Neb., in 1893 and in Savannah in 1894 in the absence of President Smith, of Kansas. After declining an election as president, which was unanimously tendered him, he was elected the first life honorary member of that body. He is prominent in masonic circles, having taken every degree up to and inclusive of the Scottish rite and thirtysecond degree, and for twelve years has successfully and ably managed the large property interests of Solomon's lodge No. i, F. & A. M., the oldest lodge in the United States, with an uninterrupted history back to the date of its charter in 1735, with Gen. James Oglethorpe, founder of Georgia, its first worshipful master. Capt. Purse has a happy family--wife and five sons--having married Miss Laura Ashby, a Virginia lady, sister of Col. Henry M. Ashby, of Wheeler's cavalry, first cousin of the famous Confederate cavalry officer, Gen. Turner Ashby. Their home is on one of the most beautiful boulevards of the city. Those who have ex perienced its hospitality know it to be as cordial as the zeal of its owner in the prosecution of an enterprise is endless and tireless. The south is quite sure to hear more of him in the era of material development and progress upon the threshold of which it stands, and it will be well to keep an eye on him. He has a genius for vast and valuable public enterprises of practical utility, and has shown the uncommon blending of the business capacity to execute with the greatest faculty for originating broad and progressive undertakings for the public welfare. Such a union is as rare as it is remarkable, and any community is fortunate in having in its citizenship a spirit so richly endowed and so willing to devote his surpassing powers to the public good.

THOMAS PORCHER RAYEXEL, one of the most prominent attorneys of Savannah, Ga., was born in St. John's, P.erkeley parish. Charleston district,
state of South Carolina, on Oct. 3. 1850. His father, Thomas Porcher Ravenel, was a native of the same parish as the son, and his ancestors had resided there for

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MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA

two centuries. The gentleman whose name heads this sketch was reared in the village of Pinopolis, which was a sort of summer resort for the adjacent planters, and on his father's plantation, near that village. At the evacuation of Charleston, at the age of fourteen years he entered the Confederate service as a volunteer courier for Maj. George Lamb Buist, and served until the surrender at Greensboro, X. C. After the close of hostilities he attended school in Aiken, S. C., until the autumn of 1867. and the following spring removed to Darien, Ga., where he began the stud}- of law under Hon. \V. Robert Gignilliat In 1870 lie came to Savannah and entered the office of his present partner, Hon. Rufus E. Lester, member of congress from the first district of Georgia. He was admitted to the bar at Chatham superior court in 1871, and formed the present partnership nine years later. Mr. Kavenel stands of equal stature with his distinguished colleagues at the Savannah har and is one of the most prominent young attorneys of the south. He is vestry man of St. John's Episcopal church, of Savannah. Young, talented, and the possessor of great family prestige, the future holds much in store for him.
QARLAXD MITCHELL RYALS, the pioneer truck farmer of Georgia, and first vice-president of the National Fanners' congress, was born in the county
of Cumberland. \'a., May 27, 1839, f Vincent C. and Hardenia (Mitchell) Ryals. His parents combined farming and merchandising at their little country place, known as "Oak Forest." For the first few years of his boyhood Garland attended the old field schools of the neighborhood during the week, and on Saturdays, holidays and vacations assisted his father in the farming operations and behind the counters of the store. At twelve years of age he was considered an expert salesman and a good collector, and at thirteen was sent to a boarding school in Buckingham count\\ The sessions of this school commenced very soon after sunrise on the first day of January, and closed about sunset on the thirty-first day of October, without intermission or holiday of any kind. The teacher, Rev. John J. Berryman, required the scholars to assemble in his office and there pursue their studies for one or two hours during the night. The following year Mr. Ryals' father and others induced Rev. Berryman to remove his school to "Oak Forest," which was done; but about that time the old teacher and pedagogue concluded to take unto himself a wife--thus putting an end to his school. At this juncture the elder Ryals was dismissed from the Baptist church for communing with the Campbellites, and thereupon said "Elder Ryals" took his son, Mitchell, to Richmond and arrayed him in "store" clothes, filled his pockets reasonably well with money, and sent him to Bethany college, founded by that great and good leader of the Chris tian denomination, Alexander Campbell, and located in Brooke county, W. Va. At this institution young Ryals managed to remain for two nights and two days, thence making his escape into the state of Ohio, where he rusticated for several days, and then returned to his father's house. For the succeeding two or three years he sold goods at his father's store and acted as his bookkeeper, not, how ever, forgetting to ride many weary leagues on Sundays in order to visit the rosycheeked girls of that God-favored neighborhood. At eighteen years of age he was tendered the position of deputy sheriff of his county, which he accepted, qualified and filled acceptably until the commencement of the war between the states. He entered the war in the Cumberland troop of cavalry, an old organiza tion dating from the war of the revolution, of which his father was a member. He left Cumberland C. H. as color sergeant of his company, proudly bearing the colors which had been lovingly woven by the deft fingers of the fair daughters of the county of Amelia. At Ashland, a few days thereafter, he was mustered into the service' as second sergeant of the Cumberland troop. Fourth Virginia cavalry, which was ordered to report to Gen. Magmder in the peninsula, where

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he assisted in watching the blockading squadron, doing picket and scout duty, and, by way of innocent diversion, helped to burn the city of Hampton. During the winter of 1861-62 SergL Ryals was commissioned as second lieutenant of infantry, provisional army of the Confederate states, the commission reading "for gallant and meritorious conduct" Being ordered to report to Gen. Albert Sidney
Johnson, he was assigned to duty with the First Kentucky cavalry, commanded by the gallant Benjamin Harden Helm, a brother-in-law of Mrs. Lincoln, wife of the president He remained with the First Kentucky cavalry, and was on staff duty with Gen. Helm's brigade of infantry from Murfreesboro, Corinth, the siege of Vicksburg of '62, and Baton Rouge, La., where Gen. Helm lost a large portion of his officers in battle. At his own request he was ordered by the secretary of war to join the army of northern Virginia, and served first with Fitz Lee's cavalry brigade, then with Gen. J. E. B. Stuart, and upon the recommendations of these generals was promoted to the rank of first lieutenant of cavalry, then captain, and afterward major. He also served as provost marshal of Stuart's cavalry corps, and was with that gallant commander from May, 1863, to the day of his death at Yellow Tavern in 1864. The following is the correspondence bearing upon Mr. Ryals' successive promotions in the service:

Headquarters Lee's Cavalry Division, Madison Co., Nov. 23, 1863.
I take pleasure in recommending Lieut Ryals for the promotion he justly claims. He was for a long time one of my staff officers and his efficiency shown in the discharge of his duties, his bravery and gallant bearing displayed on the field of battle, are beyond question.
A copy:
(Signed) Fitz Lee, Maj.-Gen. Com'd'g Div.

A. R. Venable, Major and A. I. G., Cavalry Corps.
Headquarters Cavalry Corps, Army Northern Virginia.
Dec. 21, 1863. Gen. S. Cooper, A. and I. Gen.
General:--I respectfully forward three additional recommendations of Lieut. G. M. Ryals, C. S. A., lately recommended by me to be appointed major. I hope these will add sufficient weight to those already sent in to induce the department
to reconsider its action in his case and give him the appointment of major instead
of captain. His case is by no means an ordinary one. No officer of his rank in the Confederacy has half the claim for promotion. It certainly must be the desire of the department to promote, as far as is compatible with law, those whose fidelity
and distinguished gallantry have made them the special objects of commendation from all the commanders with whom they are thrown. . I have in my former letter shown that it would be compatible and very desirable. The value of promotion is always comparative, and taken in this particular connection, I renew this application for Lieut Ryals as an officer like him of the Confederate states army, without one-fourth the active service, whose deeds cannot be mentioned the same
day with those of Lieut. Ryals, has, without my knowledge or consent or that of the commanding general, been returned to my command with the rank of major, P. A. C. S., to command in Young's brigade, the variable quantity constituting
the dismounted battalion. I allude to H. S. Parley, second lieutenant of infantry, C. S. A., and major P. A. C. S., to whom I do no injustice to say that Lieut. .Ryals should be at least two grades higher in rank. It is highly prejudicial to the service to decline to promote the highly deserving, recommended by their immediate commanders in the most urgent terms through the proper channels

MEMOIRS OP GEORGIA.

for such communication, while another, less deserving, whose claims are presented

by indirect means or in person, without the knowledge of his immediate com

mander, is put above the former. I have had full and fair opportunity to observe

Lieut Ryals. He is different from many officers in one respect He displays the

same zeal in all duties to which he may be assigned; while the majority of officers

may be efficient and zealous in some, but are averse to others, and by demurs and

lack of zeal render them worse, than useless in such. I recommend Lieut Ryals

and Capt White from an earnest conviction, based on long and intimate official

acquaintance, that they deserved the positions and that the service will be greatly

benefited by their proposed advancement Every officer of my command, with

the same opportunities, concurs in my recommendation. I sincerely hope that the

department will not in this case, as was done in that of the lamented Pelham,

whose promotion was so often and so earnestly recommended by me, defer a

recognition of these deserving officers until it is too late to touch their mortal

careers. I have the honor to be, general,

Very respectfully, your obedient servant.

Official:

" J. E. B. Stuart, Major-General.

Geo. Freaner, Major and A. A. G.

Headquarters Cavalry Corps.

Dec. 4, 1863.

Lieut Ryals is zealous, faithful, extremely brave and cool in action--always

distinguishes himself in action by his conspicuous gallantry--well versed in his

duties as an officer, has been in a great number of battles--his own promotion

has been the last thing to receive his attention--universally regarded, where

known, as a most deserving officer. Is second lieutenant in the regular army, and

as he is provost marshal of the corps, his appointment as major in the provisional

army is legitimate under the law.

(Signed) J. E. B. Stuart, Major-General.

Official:

H. B. McClellan, Major and A. A. G.

Headquarters North Carolina Cavalry Brigade,

Dec. n, 1863.

Gen. S. Cooper, A. and I. G.

Sir:--I have the honor to recommend Lieut G. M. Ryals for the appointment

of major. 1 have had numerous opportunities of witnessing Lieut. Ryals' coolness

and gallantry. He has been provost marshal of the cavalry corps for some time

and has given great satisfaction. His ability, service and merits justly entitle

him to promotion. I have the honor to be,

Your obedient servant,

Official:

John B. Gordon, Brigadier-General.

A. R. Venable, Major and A. I. G.

Reporting to Gen. Wade Hampton for service, Maj. Ryals was with him at Trevillian's depot, at Xancy shop, in Kent county, at Sophronia church, and at
Ream's station. At this lime the infantry service was subsisting on corn as rations, and were begging for "fodder;" whereupon Gen. Hampton concluded to make a forced loan, and went to Cabin Point, on the James river, borrowed 2,464 head of the finest beef cattle obtainable, brought them safely from the roar
of the Federal army, and turned the larger part of them over to his famished brothers of the infantry sen-ice; after which it was not unusual to see whole brigades rush from their tents to shake hands with a lone cavalryman. For the
part he took in this cattle expedition Maj. Ryals was favorably mentioned by Gen. Hampton, afterward serving with Gen. Fitz Lee to Appomattox court house.

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On the day of the surrender his services were recognized by the cavalry officers of rank and by them recommended repeatedly for promotion.
After the close of hostilities Maj. Ryals settled in Nelson county, Va., where he farmed, merchandised, and cut cordwood and railroad ties, with varied success. In the fall of 1868 he removed to Georgia and settled in the city of Savannah, where he did a drayage business for six years, and then connected with it a cotton farm in Screven county, and a truck farm in Chatham county. Since July, 1881, the major has devoted his entire time and attention to the trucking industry, and though the experiment was not at first a great success he has never failed to make a good living and to lay up something for a rainy day and year. A portion of his savings he has invested in the stock of the Germania bank of Savannah, and is now one of the directors of that prosperous institution. He conducts his truck farm upon the intensive system of high fertilization. Manures and composts are gathered the year around, a large number of teams being used for this purpose,
which is spread broadcast upon the land, high grade commercial fertilizers also being used very liberally. He attributes his marked success as a truck farmer very largely to the use of these manures and fertilizers, but he insists that too much cannot be said in praise of cow peas as a means of improving the fertility of the soil and putting land in admirable tilth. This system is to permit the peas to die down upon the land, instead of turning them under green, as far as possible. He also uses freely the very best turning plows, subsoils and pulverizers upon his farm of 150 acres, upon -which there are twenty-one head of mules. He uses much care in the selection of seed for all crops, ordering only from the very best houses of respectability and long standing. He employs twenty-five hands reg ularly and 200 hands at times; shipping and selling at home as much as $25,000 \vorth of vegetables and farm products in a year and paying from $4,000 to $8,000 in freights. Maj. Ryals is a gentleman of sterling qualities and marked influence and public spirit He is serving his second term as director of the experimental farm of Georgia frcm the first congressional district, is president of the Truck Growers' association of the county of Chatham, and first vice-president of the National Fanners' congress. He is a stanch democrat, and always takes a lively interest in the political affairs of his county, state and nation. He has never filled any political office, except to serve as one of the three representatives from the county of Chatham in the general assembly of Georgia, in which he was chairman of the committee on special agriculture. He was a delegate to the democratic state convention in 1880, and served as chairman of the democratic executive committee of the first congressional district for many years. The major is a master Mason, a pay member of the Georgia hussars, and although not an active member of any church organization he affiliates with the Christian denomination. He was married in Cliarlottesville, Va., on Feb. 24, 1864, to Elizabeth, daughter of D. W. Kennedy. His old commander, Gen. Stuart, had been invited to his nuptials, but finding that it would be impossible for him to be present, sent the following letter, which the major now treasures:

Headquarters Cavalry Corps, Army Northern Virginia. Feb. 23, 1864.
My Dear Major:--I deeply regret that I cannot be present at your nuptials to-morrow. I send, however, a very worthy representative in my particular friend, Surgeon Covey. Do me the kindness to assure the bride of my prayers and best wishes for long life and happiness, and believe me,
Your sincere friend,
J. E. B. Stuart.

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MEMOIRS OP GEORGIA.

'

Mrs. Elizabeth Ryals departed this life in 1869, leaving as issue one daughter, Carrie L. Some time before his marriage, while still a citizen of Nelson county, Ya., he wrote to Gen. Robert E. Lee, telling him of the wreck and ruin that
encompassed him on every hand and of his determination to repair his own fortune, and in reply received this letter from the leader of the Confederate forces:

Lexington, Va., Jan. 13, 1868.

My Dear Captain:--I am glad to learn from your letter of the loth that you

have set manfully to work to repair your wasted fortune. If you will carry into

your business the same energy, attention and fortitude which you exhibited while

attached to the army of northern Virginia, I shall feel sure of your success. Wish

ing you all happiness and prosperity, I am, very truly yours,

R. E. Lee.

CapL G. M. Ryals.

On Oct. 24, 1870, Maj. Ryals was joined in the bonds of matrimony to his pres ent estimable wife, Anna B., daughter of Col. T. E. Ware, a prominent citizen of Greenville, S. C. This union has been blessed by the birth of four children, viz.: James W., Edwin C., Sidney G., and Mary L. The home life of the major is ideal, and being generous and hospitable, he is a general favorite with all who know him.

. JOHN SCHWARZ, vice-president of the Savannah Steam bakery, is a native of Zweilruecken, kingdom of Bavaria, Germany, is the son of John and Margaret (Braun) Schwarz, and was born Sept. 23, 1840. His paternal grand father was Nicholas Schwarz. John Schwarz came to the United States in 1848, was a coal and iron merchant, and died in Savannah, Ga., in 1868. Mrs. Margaret Schwarz died in New York city, in 1873. John Schwarz is the second of three children born to his parents, the others being Emily and Nicholas. He learned the trade of a baker in his native country, coming to the United States at the age of fifteen, landing at New York. The voyage across the Atlantic was made in a
sailing vessel and lasted for thirty days. He remained in New York city for one and a half years working at his trade, then secured a place as pastry cook on the steamer "Augusta," plying between the ports of New York and Savannah, where
lie remained for six months. He located in Savannah in 1858, for two years worked as a journeyman baker, and then set up for himself. Jan. 10, 1861, he entered the Confederate service, and was one of the party of three that took possession of Fort Pulaski, using no flag. In 1862 he enlisted in Capt Phillips' company, Thirty-second Georgia regiment of infantry, and served a year and a half, and was then detailed to take charge of the Confederate steam bakery at Savannah, where he remained until the close of hostilities. At the termination of
the war he resumed the bakery business in Savannah, and has been engaged in that trade continuously since. He has been very prominently identified with the material advancement of the city of Savannah during the entire period of his citizenship; served as an alderman from 1869-89, as mayor of the municipality 1889-91, and was for eight years the president of the local Scheutzen society. Maj. Schwarz also served as foreman of the Gci mania Fire company for many years, and of the hook and ladder company for five years. He was one of the organizers and a director of the National bank of Savannah, president of the German Loan and Building association, which terminated in 1894 without a loss or a suit, and was one of the originators of the first street railways ever operated in the city of Savannah. Among the more prominent fraternal and benevolent orders he is a Knight Templar Mason, a member of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, of the Knights of Pythias, uniform rank. The company in which

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413

he served during the civil war was re-organized soon after the termination of hostilities and he was made second lieutenant, was promoted to captain, and later was made major of the First regiment, Georgia volunteers, which rank he held
until January, 1894. Maj. Schwarz is a consistent member of the Roman Catholic church. He was happily married in Savannah in 1859, to Mary Geil, daughter of Jacob Geil, and they have four children now in life, viz.: Fred, Rudolph A., Mary, Thekla and John G.

IOHN SCREVEN, one of the most prominent citizens of southern Georgia, was born in Savannah, Ga., Sept. 18, 1827. His father, Dr. James P. Screven,
mayor, state senator and railroad president, was of English descent, his ancestor, Rev. William Screven, coming to Maine, and then to South Carolina, where he founded the first Baptist church. Dr. Screven was also descended from Thomas
Smith, colonial governor of South Carolina. John Screven's mother was Hannah Georgia Bryan, whose ancestor, Jonathan Bryan, was an associate justice and royal councilman, and one of the founders of the colony of Georgia. John
Screven was taught by eminent teachers of Savannah and attended Franklin college, now a part of the university of Georgia, sharing the honor of the first
gold medal awarded for sophomore declamation. Leaving before he had gradu ated, he completed his studies at home under private tutors. He read law under Judge William Law, went abroad in 1848, spent some time in Heidelberg, and was admitted to the bar in Savannah in 1849, but left the profession soon after to manage his father's estate. In 1852 he was elected a justice of the inferior court,
which place he held until 1866. In 1859 he was chosen president of the Atlantic & Gulf railroad upon the death of his father, the then president, but when the war began he was given leave of absence from railroad duty for military service. In 1857 he had been elected captain of the Savannah Volunteer Guards, the oldest infantry corps of Georgia, the command of which his father resigned, and in 1861 he was commissioned major of artillery, and assigned to the command of the Eighteenth Georgia battalion, and with it directed the erection of sea defenses
until 1862, when, at the request of his railroad directors, he was ordered back to railway duties to attend to military transportation. In 18154 he raised and was lieu tenant-colonel of a battalion for the defense of the inner lines of Savannah. In
June, 1865, he began the restoration of his railroad, destroyed from Savannah to the Altamaha river. He continued president until 1880--over twenty years-- when his company was succeeded by the Savannah, Florida & Western Railroad company. In 1859 ^e was chosen one of the representatives from the county of
Chatham to the general assembly of Georgia, and mayor of Savannah in 1869, and re-elected mayor twice. He was a member of the constitutional convention of Georgia in 1877; in 1880 associate arbitrator of the Southern Railway & Steam ship association; in 1883 declined to be a capitol commissioner; in 1889 was made a member of the board of trustees of the university of Georgia, having been a member of the old board since early after the civil war; was president of the Savannah University club, trustee Chatham academy, fellow New York Geo graphical society, first vice-president Georgia Historical society, and president of the Sons of the Revolution in Georgia. Col. Screven has, indeed, traced the path of his honored father with singular closeness in his solid virtues, valuable dis tinctions and hold on public esteem. As a citizen, soldier, railway magnate, legislator and man of letters and affairs, he has been equally equipped and made a rounded record. In every trust he has borne himself with dignity, wisdom, ability and conservatism, and has won public confidence. As a student and reader, his culture is varied and broad, and he enjoys his magnificent library. In him dignity does not have to bear the burden of ostentation. Of delightful suavity, he

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is a true type of the southern gentleman. Latterly, Col. Screven has devoted his
attention to rice planting on the estate bequeathed him by his father. He has been twice married, first to Miss Mary Footman, of Savannah, in 1849, wno died in 1863, and then to Mrs. Mary Eleanor Brown, daughter of Dr. H. O'K. Nesbitt, and niece of United States Senator Berrien, in 1865, who died in 1883.

FjANIEL R. THOMAS. The accident of birth, as to place of nativity, may have very little to do with the career of the individual, and, while citizenship in the
United States invests every citizen in any state with all immunities and privileges
of those to the manor born, yet it is a matter of pride, a badge of honor to a state to be able to say of any thrifty and honored citizen: "This is my son." The subject of this biographical sketch was born in the city of Savannah, Ga., on Aug. 27, 1843. His father was John T. Thomas, whose ancestors came of that noble band of Huguenots who settled in South Carolina, and his mother was descended from the sturdy stock of Salzburgers, who came early in the history of the colony of Georgia to contribute to its life and prosperity. The predominant
traits of Mr. Thomas' character plainly demonstrate his lineage. The patient, minute, and careful attention which he pays to all the details of business, to the demands that the public and the church have, from time to time, made on him, and the conscientiousness with which he discharges his duties, bespeak the characteristic inherited from the Salzburgers, while the energy and zeal that markthe pursuit and maintaining of his purposes and opinions derive their force and power from the blood of the Huguenots. By these hereditary endowments he has overcome many obstacles and imperfections and won a high place among the honored names of his native city. In his childhood his health was extremely delicate and his sight imperfect, so that he could not acquire the foundations of a
liberal education, although the opportunity was not wanting, and at the age of fifteen years he gave up the schools and applied himself to work in a clerical capacity, accumulating, by careful attention, a fund of experience that served him better in the struggle of life than the scholastic theories of the books. In 1862, although far from being a robust, vigorous youth, he volunteered his services to his state and section as a private in Company I, First Volunteer regiment of Georgia, and continued in active service as long as his health permitted, and when he could no longer continue in active service in the field, he served with equal devotion in other departments of the Confederate service, in Savannah, Forsyth, and Macon, Ga. His books were kept with accuracy and care, and were carefully
preserved, so that after the fall of Savannah he was able, in Forsyth, Ga., to make a complete statement, and to obtain a full settlement with the Hon. E, G. Cabanis, state collector of war taxes. At the close-of the war he had the experience gained by a faithful discharge of his duties and his contact with men in the various branches of the service in which he had been engaged, and an attenuated purse. Loyal to his native city, he made his way to Savannah from Johnson county, Ga., and, notwithstanding the difficulties of transportation, he contributed to com merce by bringing four bales of cotton with him. This being the first receipt of cotton since the Federal occupation of the city, attracted marked attention and received a prominent notice in the Savannah "Republican." For a while Mr. Thomas engaged in business as an insurance agent in Macon, Ga., where he remained until March, 1866, when he returned to Savannah, and in July of that year commenced a more independent and extensive business, in the commission, fertilizer and coal business, in copartnership with CapL D. G. Purse. This firm established a business second to none in its credit and reliability, and derived a profitable return as the fruit of the integrity, thrift and unremitting energy of its
members. In December, 1878, this firm was dissolved, Mr. Thomas continuing in

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the coal trade, and Mr. Purse devoting his attention to the commission and fertilizer business. During all these years Mr. Thomas had suffered greatly from impaired vision and disease of the eyes, and his suffering became so intense, in 1874, that he had to seek the advice of an oculist, whose skillful treatment gave him such relief that he was able to enlarge his field of action, and take part in matters of public concern. The embarrassed condition of the finances of the city presented a difficult question for adjustment Mr. Thomas took an active part in effecting a satisfactory compromise between the city and the bondholders, whereby the credit of the city was restored and enhanced, while the rate of interest was materially reduced, and the time of payment of the debt extended for a long period. In view of this valuable service he was elected a member of the sinking fund commission for a term of ten years, and resigned the office only to assume
the more arduous position of an alderman. He was re-elected a member of the commission in July, 1891. Elected an alderman in January, 1883, he rendered valuable services to the city for six years as an active member of many of the committees of council, mainly those of accounts, finance and streets and lanes,
besides serving for a term as a member of the sanitary commission, a body created by the legislature after the terrible experience of the epidemic of 1876. Mr. Thomas was well qualified to serve as a member of this body. He was among those who stood by his striken city, fearlessly faced the dread destroyer and gained a fund of practical knowledge that made him an efficient member of the sanitary board. No alderman has ever devoted more time and earnest attention to the details of his respective departments. He was especially prominent and successful in his efforts to improve the financial condition of the city, and in reducing the rate of taxation, and there has never been a more vigilant superintendent of the accounts of the city. His vote determined the introduction of asphalt paving, which, commencing with the improvement of such business streets as Broughton and Congress, has culminated in the construction of two of the most beautiful streets in any city, in the asphalt paving of Liberty and Bull streets. As chairman of the committees on streets and lanes Mr. Thomas exhibited the most satisfactorv and substantial proof of his capacity as alderman. The streets, parks, squares, sidewalks and trees all showed improvement under his watchful care, and the "Forest City" maintained its well-earned fame during his term of office. His suc
cessful career as alderman impressed a large number of our most conservative citizens with his eligibility for the office of mayor, and he was nominated for this office, and received the earnest support of a constituency that would do honor to any man. Mr. Thomas was not possessed by the politicians, he declined to engage in an unseemly scramble for the office, he accepted the nomination and the success ful results of the election without the compromise of a single principle of honor and integrity. While Mr. Thomas has always been an energetic man of business, giving careful attention to his private affairs, active and earnest in his public services, he has also been prominent in matters pertaining to religion and broad and practical charity. For manv years he has been a devoted member of the Independent Presbyterian church, for four years one of the trustees, and is now in the eighth year of his office as elder. He has for years served as a member ot the board of managers of Savannah's oldest and most beneficent charity--the Union society--of which he has been vice-president since 1891, and whose suc
cessful rearing and education of helpless orphan boys has given to Georgia some of her most useful citizens. Many of the incorporated institutions of Savannah have felt the benefit of the sound judgment and practical suggestions of Mr. Thomas. He has served as a director in railroad companies, banking institutions, investment companies and in such adventures as contributed materially in building up the city. The Brush Electric Light and Power company and the De Soto hotel

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each received substantial support and liberal subscriptions from him. Mr. " Thomas is still in the prime of life, one of the live men of his native city, and, while unabated in activity and usefulness, he is training one of his own blood to excel him in his devotion to church and state. On May 13, 1892, he associated with him his son, John Murchison Thomas, in his business as a partner, and the firm of D. R. Thomas & Son is one of the substantial bvisiness houses of Savannah. The effect of such a life should be to encourage young men to remain at home, and, by faithful work and diligent training, fit themselves to occupy useful and honorable positions and demonstrate that one may be the successful architect of his own fortune and be not without honor in his own community.
I E\VIS TATTXALL TURNER, one of the prominent citizens of Savannah, Ga., was born in the little township of Hardwick, Bryan Co., Ga., Nov. 5, 1846.
At an early age he was called upon to mourn the death of his estimable mother, and soon after her decease he removed to the home of his grandfather, Mr. Lewis Turner, planter, of White Marsh island, Chatham Co., Ga., where he remained until twelve years of age. From 1858-61 he attended school at Savannah, Ga., and also spent one year at the Georgia Military institute, at Marietta, which institution lie left July, 1863, in order to enlist in the Confederate service, as junior lieutenant of Company A, Sixth Georgia reserves, and served as such until the war closed. Lieut. Turner was an active participant in the skirmishes around Savannah, and vicinity of Pocotalago, S. C, and in the battle of Bentonville, N. C. After the surrender he made his way back to Savannah, and entered the cotton export firm of William Battersby & Co., as clerk, and remained with them' until Mr, Battersby retired, about 1870, when the firm became Muir & Duckworth. In 1873 he was sent to New Orleans, as manager of the branch house there, under the firm name of Muir, Duckworth & Co., and remained until 1890, when he returned to Savannah to take charge of the business of the firm, the senior partner, Mr. Duckworth, going to England to live. When Mr. Muir retired, in 1888, the firm became Duckworth, Turner & Co., as at present known. Mr. Duckworth has charge of the house in Liverpool; there is a branch house in Manchester, England, and one in New Orleans, La. The house was originally founded in 1819, in Charleston, S. C, by Walter Duckworth, who died the same year of yellow fever, he being succeeded by Joseph Battersby, and he by William Battersby, and after ward by Francis Muir and Joseph B. Duckworth, son-in-law of William Battersby. Mr. Turner is vice-president of the Cotton exchange, a director of the Central railroad of Georgia, and the Ocean Steamship company, president of the board of trustees of the Georgia infirmary, and a director in the Marion Phosphate company, the Baldwin Fertilizer company, and is one of the commissioners of pilotage of the city of Savannah. He is also member of the Savannah Yacht club, is a pay member of the Georgia Hussars, and is an elder in the Independent Presbyterian church. He was happily married, in 1868, to Mary Wylly Newell, daughter of the late Commander Thomas M. Newell, of the United States navy, and they have three sons and a daughter. Mr. Turner does not seek office and takes no part in politics.

BENJAMIN SCREVEN WELLS. Family tradition has it that the Wells family is of English origin. Mr. James T. Wells, the father of the subject of
this sketch, was a native of South Carolina, and served throughout the war be tween the states in a Georgia regiment He departed this life in 1891, at the age of sixty-eight years. Of Benjamin S. Wells, whose name heads this sketch, one of his associates says: "He is strictly honest, conscientious and thoroughly reliable. While not a member of any church, he is moral and an ardent supporter

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of the right. He makes a success of almost everything he undertakes to do." Mr. Wells was born in the city of Savannah, Ga., Feb. 27, 1857, and was reared and educated in that city. In 1871 he began his business career as a clerk for the Andrew Low company, of Savannah, and upon the dissolution of that firm re mained with their successors for five years. He then entered the employ of Brierly & Maitland Dugall, with whom he remained two years, at that time setting up in the cotton business alone. In 1881 his brother, James T. Wells, was associated with him. Since the retirement of the latter, in September, 1893, Mr. . B. S. Wells has conducted the business alone. In addition to his extensive cotton business Mr. Wells is largely engaged in truck farming and owns a farm of two
hundred and twenty-five acres six miles from Savannah, upon which he produces annually a great amount of truck, which finds ready sale in the markets of the east Among the more prominent social and military organizations he is a member of the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks, and is a pay member of
the Georgia hussars and the time-honored Chatham artillery. He was happily married in 1879 to Miss Jennie, daughter of James Gribble, deceased, of North Carolina. Mrs. Wells departed this life in July, 1892, leaving as issue of that union four sons and a daughter. She was a most lovable woman and was highly esteemed by all who knew her.

JESSE PARKER WILLIAMS, commission merchant: and railroad president.. Savannah, Ga., was born in Wayne county, N. C., Dec. 27, 1842. His father.
Mack Williams, was a native of North Carolina, and a son of Charles Williams, who was a captain of cavalry in the army of the colonies during the revolution. Jesse Parker Williams was reared and received his earlier education in his native county, attended the Franklin military institute 1858-9, and during the autumn of 1860 became a student at the university of Virginia. When the sullen boom of the opening gun sounded along Charleston harbor he closed his books and return ing home enlisted as a private in the Twentieth North Carolina infantry. Resigning his commission as captain after a year's service, he returned to hi?
home and was made adjutant of Nethercot's battalion of rangers, but resigned after several months' service and organized an infantry company at Kenston, N. C., and served as its captain until the close of hostilities. Capt. Williams was an active participant in the battles of Washington, Plymouth, Wilmington, Wise's
Fork and Bentonville, N. C., and Petersburg. Cold Harbor, Fort Harrison and Walthall Junction, Va., and also in several skirmishes in North Carolina in 1863. After the war had closed Capt. Williams was for two years employed as book
keeper for a firm at Comvay, S. C.: in 1868 he engaged in the lumber business,
and two years later in the mercantile business at Fort Harrelson, S. C. In 1880 he removed to Savannah, Ga., and entered the commission business, as at present conducted. In addition to other extensive business interests, Mr. Williams is
president of the Seaboard Construction company, owning the Middle Georgia & Atlantic railroad, sixty-five miles in length, running from Milledgeville to Covington, Ga., of which road he is president. He was also connected with the
banking business in Savannah for several years. Mr. Williams is a master Mason and he has never held nor sought public office. He is a steward of the Trinity
Methodist Episcopal church south, of Savannah, and a member of the board of trustees of Emory college, Oxford. Ga. He was married in 1873 to Olivia Outland, who died without issue, and in 1879 to Cora V. Taylor, daughter of W. H.
B. Taylor, of Statesboro, Ga.
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QEORGE BOARDMAX WHATLEY, a prominent attorney of Savannah, Chatham Co., Ga., was born on Beech island, now Aiken county, S. C., Dec.
27,1853, being a son of Rev. Edmund Lampkin and Elizabeth (Lawton) Whatley.
Rev. Edmund Lampkin Whatley was a native of South Carolina, a Baptist min ister, was editor and proprietor of the "Edgefield Advertiser" for many years, and was the author of a novel entitled The Pine Farm, published in Nashville, Tenn., in 1860. During the war between the states he served as chaplain of a South Carolina regiment known as the "Edgefield rangers." He departed this life in 1886. Elizabeth Lawton Whatley, his wife, was a native of South Carolina, and
a daughter of Rev. Joseph J. Lawton, a prominent Baptist minister of that state. George Boardman Whatley was reared in his native district until he was fourteen years of age, removed with his parents to Scarboro, Ga., in 1867, and four years later came to Savannah, Ga., where he completed his education in the schools of that city. He then taught school in the state of Georgia for several years, studying law meantime, and was admitted to the bar at Decatur, De Kalb Co., Ga., on Sept. 25, 1877. Returning to Savannah, he at once entered actively and success fully upon the practice of his profession in that city, which has been continued uninterruptedly to this time, and he now sustains a very desirable rank among the members of the legal fraternity of Savannah. Though he had never sought office, nor had he taken any active part in politics up to that time, he was an ardent champion of Gen. Clement A. Evans for the democratic nomination for the governorship of Georgia; was afterward elected a member of the first con gressional district convention, and by that body chosen chairman of the executive committee of the first congressional district of Georgia, which position he now holds, ilr. Whatley is a member of the masonic fraternity, the Baptist church, and is prominently connected with the Georgia Historical society. On Feb. I, 1882, he was happily married to Miss Georgia Helen, daughter of John B. Ryals, of Montgomery county. Ga., and that union has been blessed by the birth of a son and three daughters.

QAPT. JOHX FRAXCIS WHEATOX, a prominent underwriter of Savannah,
Ga., was born in Guilford, Newhaven Co., Conn., Jan. 22, 1822. He lived in the county of his birth until he was sixteen years of age, and received his educa tional advantages there. His home was at Hartford three vears, and then at
Bridgeport, Conn. In 1852 he removed to Savannah, Ga., where he engaged in the lumber business. In January, 1861, he entered the service of Georgia as a member of the state troops, and the following July enlisted in the army of the Confederate states as sergeant of the Chatham artillery, was promoted to lieutenant
of his company in May, 1862, and to captain in December of the same year.
Capt Wheaton was an active participant in the battles of James island, Battery Wagner, around Charleston, Oolustee, Fla., and Columbia, S. C. At the close of hostilities he came to Augusta, and soon after to Savannah, where he con ducted a general merchandise business until 1875, since which time he has given
his attention to insurance. Capt. Wheaton was mayor of Savannah from 1877 to 1883. and now holds the position of commissioner of pilotage. Prior to the civil war he served as an alderman of the city of Savannah for two years. From
1879 to 1883 he served as president of the Savannah cotton exchange and from
August, 1886, to February, 1890, was collector of the port of Savannah, under an appointment from President Cleveland. He is now president of the United Hydraulic Cotton Press company; the Pawnee Land and Mineral company, the latter company owning 6,700 acres of coal lands in Blount county, Ala. He resigned the command of the Chatham artillery July 2, 1895, and is a member of

CHATHAM COUNTY SKETCHES.
the Oglethprpe club, the Commercial club, the Savannah Yacht club and the Georgia Historical society. Capt Wheaton is a royal arch Mason and a regular attendant of St John's church of Savannah. He was married in October, 1847, at Bridgeport, Conn., and has one son and a daughter, viz.: Samuel J. Wheaton, and Kate, the wife of H. K. Burras, of New York.
J OHN R. YOUNG, was born in Thomas county, Ga., April 7,1856, and is the son of the late Remer Young, who was one of the largest and most successful
planters of Lowndes county, to which county he removed in 1859, where the earlier years in the life of John R. Young were spent From estimable and cultured parents the son inherited splendid traits of character. He was educated at Valdosta institute and at the university of Georgia. After completing his education he spent a few years on his father's plantation, and in the management of the planta tion of J. W. Lathrop & Co., in Lowndes county, after which, with an associate, he began the manufacture of naval stores, a business venture, which proved to be successful, but which he disposed of to accept a position with the large naval stores house of Peacock, Hunt & Co., in 1883. After two years with this firm, Messrs. Ellis and Holt, the junior partners, withdrew from the company, and formed a co partnership under the firm name of Ellis, Holt & Co., and offered Mr. Young an interest in the business, which he accepted. Subsequent to the death of Mr. Holt, Mr. C. B. Parker was admitted, and the firm became Ellis, Young & Co., under which it was built up, and now conducts one of the largest trades in turpentine and resin in the world. That the present high standing and immense naval stores trade of the firm of Ellis, Young & Co., is largely due to the energy and business foresight of Mr. Young cannot be doubted. This young man of thirty-nine, who came to Savannah twelve years ago, an entire stranger, is to-day so thoroughly identified with every enterprise of a public character that no one is better known on 'change and throughout Georgia and Florida. In these years Mr. Young has stamped the impress of his sterling business qualities and infectious zeal upon every project looking to the advancement and progress of not only his own city and state, but it has been extended to the peninsular state of Florida. In addition to his share of the active management of the naval stores and general merchandise interest of the firm of Ellis, Young & Co., Mr. Young organized the Georgia Pine Investment company, of which he is president. This corporation has a capital of $75,000, owns 100,000 acres of the best pine lands of the south, and an interest in five of the largest turpentine farms in the south. No man has a more abiding faith in the continued prosperity and future grandeur of this seaport, whose every indus trial, commercial and railroad interest he has aided to foster, and to the develop ment of which he has brought to bear individual enthusiasm which has been infectious. Mr. Young's success and ability as a business man so widely attracted attention through the commercial channels of Savannah that four years after he arrived in Savannah he was elected vice-president of the board of trade, and was at the following election promoted to the presidency by the board, and the next year was re-elected. Mr. Young's address in 1890, reviewing the trade of Savannah for 1889, was one f tne ablest documents of its kind ever presented for the considera tion of the board, and showed that all the ramifications in the city's commerce had been thoroughly canvassed by him, and that he was familiar with every statis tical detail of one of the most prosperous commercial years known in the city of Savannah. In that report he showed that Savannah had done a naval stores business for that year of nearly $6,000,000, an increase of $1.500.000 over the year previous, and that the grain.provision and grocery trade had increased 25 per cent., and this in the light of the fact that prices on nearly all the leading articles were

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lower than for several years past, showing an increase in bulk consider ably in advance of the percentage in value. His recommendations on the increase of industrial industries and increasing railroad facilities, not only commanded attention at home, but have attracted the attention of capitalists elsewhere. Mr. Young reorganized the old Macon & Atlanta Railway company that was placed in the hands of a receiver with the Georgia Southern & Florida and Macon & Birmingham in 1892-93. He was elected president of the Atlantic Short Line Railway company in 1893. When the property of this company was sold and the
sale failed to go through by the objection of a small percentage of the stockholders, he was appointed by Judge Speer of the United States court receiver for the Atlantic Short Line Railway company. He was appointed receiver of the Electric
Railway company, of Savannah, by Judge Speer in 1893, and is now managing
these properties as receiver. Mr. Young is also a director of the Metropolitan Loan company, of Savannah, of the Citizens' bank and of the Georgia State Building and Loan company, president of the Tattnall Investment company and
of the Young Investment company, of Valdosta, Ga.

EFFINGHAM COUNTY.
A NGUS EUGENE BIRD, educator, Guyton, Effingham Co., Ga., son of Col. Edward and Ann E. (Wilson) Bird, was bom in Effingham county, Sept. 12,
1854. His father was a native of Effingham county and was engaged in the timber and turpentine business when the war between the states began, when he enlisted as captain of a company in the Fifth Georgia cavalry, and was afterward promoted first to be lieutenant-colonel, and subsequently to the colonelcy, and as such served until the close of the war. He-served in Tennessee, Georgia, and North and South Carolina. After the war he resumed the timber business and the manufacture of turpentine, and died April 15,1893. His mother was a daughter of James and Eliza Wilson, of Effingham county. They were both active working members of the Methodist church; and to them were born four children: Robert Edward, born in 1852; Angus Eugene; Almeda G., born in October, 1856, wife of Thomas M. Arden, Savannah, Ga.; Ida R., born in May, 1859, wife of James M. Needlinger, Effingham county. After receiving his preparatory education Mr. Bird entered Emory college, Oxford, Ga., in 1874, and graduated in 1878. After leaving college he kept books for his father in South Carolina until early in 1879, when he came to Guyton, where he engaged in farming. The fall of that year he accepted a position as principal of the high school at Guyton, and kept it three years. The three years following he was engaged with his father in the turpentine business, and in 1885 embarked in sawmilling, which he followed until 1890. He was then again elected principal of the high school at Guyton, and retained it until elected to represent Effingham county in the general assembly in 1894. When in college he was a member of the Chi Phi fraternity and of the Phi Gamma Debating society. He has served Guyton two years as alderman, and one year as mayor; and is a member of the Effingham Hussars. He is also a correspondent of the "Daily Morning News," Savannah. Mr. Bird is a gentleman of superior ability, of fine literary attainments, stands high in his locality as an educator, and. withal, is a man of affairs, possessing excellent business qualifications. He is well

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read in the history of the past, and fully abreast with events of the present, publicspirited and progressive. Mr. Bird was married in Oxford, Ga., Jan. 30, 1879, to Miss Kittie, daughter of Joseph S. and Rebecca Stewart, and to them four children have been born: Emmie, born Nov. 30,1879; Daisy, born July, 1881; Ruth, born Nov. i, 1886; and Angus Eugene, Jr., born 1888. He is a stanch democrat and a member of the Knights of Pythias, and has filled every office in the local lodge. Mr. Bird and wife are active members of the Methodist church, Mr. Bird especially so, having been a steward twelve years, and recording steward of the quarterly conference since the death of his father, who has filled the office nearly thirty years; has been superintendent of the Sunday school for fifteen years, and is secretary of the County Sunday School association.

JAMES BIRD, farmer, Springfield, Effingham Co., Ga., son of William and Maria Bird, was born in Effingham county, April 27, 1833. His father was a large
planter, who was also engaged in saw-milling, and was a strict member of the Baptist church. Of eight children born to his parents, Mr. Bird was the fourth. He was educated in the Springfield academy, and when eighteen years old engaged in farming and the timber business. When the civil war began he joined the Fifth regiment Georgia cavalry, and in March, 1862, with it entered the Confederate service. The regiment was commanded by Col. Edward Bird, a brother of the subject of this sketch. With his command he saw service from Florida to Vir ginia and west to the mountains, and was in many engagements of more or less importance, and numberless skirmishes. He was in the battle of Noonday church, Ga., at Murfreesboro, Tenn., Saltville, and Bear Creek station, in the battles near Macon, and that at Aiken, S. C., where he was wounded and sent to the hospital, soon after which the war came to a close. He. was sergeant-major of the regiment Immediately after the war he resumed farming and has engaged largely in the timber and wood business, and has given his undivided attention to this business ever since. Although unambitious of political office, he has served the county as treasurer a number of years. He is a good business man, and a superior man ager, and has a fine property and nice home a few miles from Springfield, near where he was born. He is one of the county's most upright and substantial citizens, enjoying the confidence of all. Mr. Bird was married to Miss Martha H. Berry, daughter of John B. and Mary Berry, and to them ten children have been born: Leona Irene, Lilla A., Maggie G., Mary Ella, Jennie Lou, Borgia Eugenia, Ada A., Verda Ethlyn, Ramah Jordan and Nollie Viola. He is an active and prominent member of the Methodist church, which he joined when he was fifteen years old, and of which he is a steward and trustee. James Bird is now a member of the First regiment cavalry, Georgia volunteers, and was appointed paymaster of the regiment by Col. W. W. Gordon.

DEV. JAMES MADISON CROSS, Baptist minister, Guyton, Effingham Co.,
Ga., son of Sardis Eason and Delano (Hayslip) Cross, was born in Burke county, Ga., Sept. 9, 1834. His father was a prosperous farmer, who died when he was eighteen months old, and he had the misfortune to lose his mother by death when nine years old. Being an only child he was left to the care of Alexander E. Cross, a cousin. He was given a good primary education, and then prepared for the junior class at college at the Louisville academy, in Jefferson county, Ga. But when eighteen years of age he left his studies in the school room and entered upon the study of law under the direction of T. H. Polhill of Louisville. When twenty years old he was admitted to the bar, located in Louisville, where he practiced his profession four years. But his health failing, acting under the the advice of a physi cian, he abandoned the practice. On his restoration to health he determined to

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enter the ministry, and accordingly was ordained a minister of the Baptist church (of which he has been a minister thirty years), Revs. W. L. Kilpatrick, W. H. Davis and William J. Hard officiating. He served as pastor of country and village churches in Burke, Jefferson and Scfeven counties until 1883, when he was called
to the Waycross church. He preached there three years, after which he accepted a call to Sanford, Fla. He returned to Georgia in 1887, and permanently settled near Guyton. He is now the regular pastor of the churches at Sardis, Burke county, and at Coopersville, Screven county, and Eden and Spring field, Effingham county. He has always been recognized as among the ablest preachers of his denomination, but from choice has preferred to labor in unpre tentious fields. Although of far more than usual usefulness in the pulpit, he has
been among the most active and efficient in the quite as important ministerial duties involved in a pastorate of visiting his charge and cultivating intimate social relationship between the members and them and himself. He has been untiring in his efforts in organizing churches everywhere that there seemed to be any opportunity for planting or strengthening one; and it is claimed for him that no ministers of any denomination have done more effective work, or more of
it in this respect than Rev. Cross. Very many of the most prosperous churches in the state have been organized by him, by his aid, or through his instrumentality. His unceasing, unselfish work in behalf of Cliristianity has endeared him to thousands outside his own congregations, who love him and hold him in the highest esteem. He labors independently of compensation, as he owns a splendid farm near Guyton, well equipped throughout, which is very successfully conducted by his sons. Rev. Cross was married Nov. 22, 1855, to Miss Julia, daughter of Rev. Joseph Polhill of Burke county. Of the children born to them eight survive: James Joseph, Julia M., Helen A., Lou E., Lloyd W., Samuel E., Kilpatrick and O. M. All his daughters and his eldest son are married. He is a master
Mason, member of Bartow Lodge No. 274, of which he was worshipful master for eight or ten years.
DENJAMIN J. DASHER, farmer, Tusculum, Effingham Co., Ga., son of Samuel and Jane Maria Dasher, was born in Effingham county, March 14, 1825.
His paternal great-grandfather came with his family from Salzburg, Germany, to Georgia in 1775 and settled in Effingham county. His grandfather was a soldier
in the patriot army during the revolutionary war. Mr. Dasher's father was a farmer, and was a volunteer soldier in the Seminole war. He and his wife were members of the Lutheran church; first of the old Ebenezer congregation, and later of the church of BetheL They were the parents of twelve children--seven boys and five daughters--of whom Mr. Dasher was the second born. He received bis education at the common schools of the county, and on attaining to manhood he engaged in the timber trade and industriously and profitably pursued it many years. Of late years he has given his attention almost exclusively to his farming interests. He was twice elected a justice of the inferior court--during his second term the court was abolished. Content with the quiet life and the more than sustaining profits of a well managed farm, he has had no ambition for office. Mr. Dasher was married Oct 17,1849, to Miss Mary S., daughter of Joshua and Mary Ganann. His wife was a schoolmate at Springfield of Hon. Richard H. Clark, the distinguished judge of the criminal division of the superior court of Fulton county. Mr. and Mrs. Dasher are the parents of five children: Mary Ella, deceased; Jane Florence, wife of Charles Chunn; Solomon Franklin, Fort Valley, Houston Co., Ga.; Charles Emerson, locomotive engineer, Fort Valley; Benjamin J., Jr., farmer, Effingham county. He has been a member of the Lutheran church forty years, and was a'n elder many years--until he resigned.

EFFINGHAM COUNTY SKETCHES.

423

DAUL M. EDWARDS, farmer, Eden, Effingham Co., Ga., son of S. A. and Tabitha Edwards, was born in Effingham count}-, Sept. 14, 1842. His father
was a farmer, also engaged in the timber business; and was an ordained minister of the Baptist church. He raised a family of seven children: Indiana Jane, Vernanda D., Paul Marlow, Robert S., Martha Emily, Tabitha Ellen and Rosa Annis. Mr. Edwards was educated at the common schools of the county. He enlisted March 12, 1862, in a company in the Fifth Georgia cavalry, Col. Edward Bird, under command of Gen. Anderson. He was a participant in the battle of Noonday Church, and the battle of Atlanta, and for a long time was courier for ' CoL Bird. He served in the army throughout the war, and after it was over came home and went into the timber business in connection with farming. He con ducted these two interests about nine years; then, continuing his farm, he abandoned the timber business and cut wood for market instead, and is still engaged in it Mr. Edwards was married Nov. 25, 1874, to Miss Annie E., daughter of Alexander C. N. Smets, of Savannah, Ga., and these children have been born to him: Marie E., Sylvester A., Paul Macrae, Anna Cornelia, Pauline Elizabeth, Gordon, Robert Smets and Henry Marlow. Mr. Edwards is a member of the Baptist church in Eden, and his wife and eldest daughter are members of St John's church at Savannah.

ABRAM J. FUTRELL, merchant, Guyton, Effingham Co., Ga., son of Christopher and Sarah (Blitch) Futrell, was born in Effingham county, Feb.
15, 1842. His father was a farmer and died when he was only five years old, but his mother is still living at the advanced age of eighty-two years. They had
seven children: Abram J.; Georgia, wife of Andrew Hanson, born in Denmark; M. B., farmer, Effingham county; Obedience, deceased; John Thomas, died dur ing the war in the Confederate service; Alzada, wife of James Farris, Laurens
county, Ga.; Christopher, killed by a horse when nine years old. Mr. Futrell was reared on a farm and was educated in the common schools of the county. As soon as the civil war began he left school and enlisted in the Georgia militia for six months, and at the expiration of that time enlisted in the Fifty-fourth Georgia, which was assigned to Gen. Mercer's command. He was in quite a number of important engagements and many skirmishes, participating in the battle near Atlanta July 22, 1864, and served until the surrender. After the war he engaged in farming and timber cutting, and continued it ten years. He has since, while continuing his farm, engaged in merchandising in Guyton, and has established a very good and profitable trade. He is a member of the board of county com
missioners. Mr. Futrell was married in 1870 to Miss Lucinda, daughter of Roberson and Joanna Newton, and to them the following children have been born: Joanna, deceased; Louisa Gertrude, wife of H. P. Stronge, lawyer, Statesboro, Bulloch Co., Ga.; Canaro Lisette, wife of Walter Aaron, lawyer, Ashburn, Worth Co., Ga.; Florida, unmarried; Victor Harley and Myrtie, both at home. The mother of these children died May 9, 1886, and in September, 1888, Mr. Futrell contracted a second marriage with Miss Lillian, daughter of Edward Sowell, who has borne him four children: Donald Edward, Cattie B., Frank and Abram J. Mr. Futrell is a populist politically and a member of the Baptist church, takes an active interest in all church matters, and has been superintendent of the Sun
day school many years.

ANGUS N. GROVENSTEIN, merchant, Guyton, Effingham Co., Ga., son of
Shadrach and Susannah (Keiffer) Grovenstein, was born in Effingham county, Oct. 2, 1852. His family is of German descent, and ancestors of his, Salzburg-

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MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

trs, settled in what is now Effingham county in 1733. His father \vas a farmer, was a member of the Effingham hussars for many years previous to the war, and
enlisted in 1862 with his company (Capt Stroborn) in the Fifth Georgia cavalry (Col- Edward Bird), with which he served till wounded and discharged. Himself and wife are members of the Lutheran church. A. N. Grovenstein's grandfather, Ephraim Keiffer, was a Lutheran minister and was pastor of the church at Ebenezer. in Effingham county--the oldest of that denomination in the state. The old
church building erected in 1769 is still standing, and the worshipers were organ ized as a church in 1774. Shadrach and Susannah Grovenstein were the parents of seven children: Angus Xesbitt, Hubert, deceased; Homer, deceased; Alice,
deceased wife of W. A. Davis, Savannah; Ella, wife of L. C. Tibeau, Jr., Effing ham count}-; Victoria, wife of J. J. Jenkins, Effingham county, and one child
who died in infancy. Mr. Grovenstein received an academical education, attend
ing first the school at Guyton, and then two years under Prof. J. J. Jenkins at Groverville, Brooks Co., Ga. After finishing his education he taught school in Camden and Chatham counties, Ga. In 1874 he accepted the position of freight train conductor on the Central railway, and held it between three and four
years. He was then made conductor of a passenger train, and was conductor on the first through train from Atlanta to Savannah. After ten years' faithful service in this capacity he was promoted to the position of pay train conductor and
assistant paymaster for the Central railway on all of its lines. He held this hon orable and responsible position four years--until the Richmond & Danville com pany took charge, when that service was discontinued. Mr. Grovenstein was
tendered a situation as passenger train conductor, but declined it, as he had deter mined to become a merchant In 1892 he entered into partnership with Bartemus J. Cubbedge and embarked in a general merchandise business in Guyton, which has proved a prosperous enterprise, with increasing trade and the promise of being
a brilliant success. In addition to the store he has a fine farm at old Camp'Davis, about three miles above Guyton, which he has managed very profitably. He is
an enthusiastic member of the Effingham hussars. Mr. Grovenstein was married
March i, 1876, to Miss Mattie (born May 2, 1857), eldest daughter of B. J. Cub bedge. of Effingham county. Mr. Cubbedge was for many years in the employ
of the Central railway under its old management, and held many responsible jjositions. Mr. and Mrs. Grovenstein are the parents of eleven children: Claudia,
born in 1877. deceased: Rufus Xesbitt, Georgia C., Mabel Catherine, Mattie, Angus. Bartemus. Robert Mims, Sidney L., Elmira and Erling. Mr. Grovenstein and his wife are members of the Baptist church at Guyton, of which he is the
clerk. He is a member of the democratic executive committe of Effingham county, and is the postmaster at Guyton, Ga.

MESBITT BARTO\Y SHEAROUSE, farmer and lumberman, Marlow, Effing ham Co.. Ga.. son of Nathaniel and Sarah Shearouse, was born in Bryan
county. Ga.. Dec. 14. 1862. His father was a farmer and enlisted in a company in the Fifth Georgia cavalry, commanded by Col. Edward Bird, and served through tbe war. His father and mother were members of the Methodist church, and the parents of twelve children: John, William, Charles, Nathaniel, Robert, George, Virginia, Annie. Emeline, Ellen, Georgia and Nesbitt Bartow. Mr. Shearouse uas educated in the common schools of Effingham county, finishing in Shiloh. \Yhen about twenty years of age he engaged in the timber business, and not long afterward joined his brother in the publication of the Guyton "Chronicle" newspaper. After two years' experience in the newspaper business he turned iii attention more profitably to saw-milling in Effingham and Bryan counties.

EFFINGHAM COUNTY SKETCHES.

425

He has been thus engaged now for ten years, with very satisfactory results. He owns a small saw-mill near Marlow which cuts about 3,000 feet of lumber per day, and in connection with it conducts a grist mill and a corn crusher. In connec
tion with his other enterprises he conducts a farm. Mr. Shearouse was married Sept. 2, 1891, to Miss Myra--born June 5, 1874--daughter of Henry and Eugenia
Miller, of Effingham county, who has borne him one child, Donald Nesbitt, born Oct. 22,1892. He is a democrat and a member of the Methodist church.

DOBERT WADE SHEPPARD, lawyer, Guyton, Effingham Co., Ga., son of L. D. and Roxie Sheppard, was born in Screven county, Ga., Oct. 28, 1868.
His father is a prosperous farmer and was in the Confederate service during
the late civil war. His parents are members of the Methodist church, and to them seven children have been born. Mr. Sheppard was the first born of these,
and after being educated at the excellent schools of Sylvania, Screven Co., and in Guyton, Effingham Co., was commissioned notary public and ex-officio justice of the peace. He commenced the study of law in 1890 under the preceptorship
of Clark & Clark, and afterward with Garard & Meldrim, of Savannah, Ga. He was admitted to the bar in May, 1892, at Effingham superior court, Judge Falligant presiding, and soon after located at Guyton, where he has built up a good profes sional reputation and practice. In 1893, on the recommendation of the grand
jury, he was appointed solicitor of the county court of Effingham county by Gov. Northen, and subsequently confirmed by the senate, which office he now holds.
Mr. Sheppard was married Aug. 31, 1893, to Miss Katie, the adopted daughter
of J. L. and Susan E. Hawkins, who has borne to them one child, Susie Davant, born in September, 1894.

A NDREW J. SIMMONS, farmer, Guyton, Effingham Co., Ga., son of Haskell
and Jane Ann Simmons, was born in Bulloch county, Ga., Jan. 7, 1844. His father was a farmer, and both father and mother were members of the Primitive Baptist church. Of twelve children born to them Mr. Simmons was the second
son, and was educated in the common schools of Bulloch and Effingham counties. In 1861, at the age of seventeen years he left school and enlisted in the Ninth Georgia regiment, but being taken sick could not go with it. On his recovery in 1862, he enlisted under Capt. Rawls, whose company was a part of the Fiftyfourth Georgia regiment, Col. Charlton H. Way. With this command he bore an active part in the Atlanta campaign from Tunnel Hill south, participated in the battle of Atlanta July 22,1864--during which a shot passed through his coat sleeve. With his command he subsequently participated in the Tennessee campaign under Gen. Hood, and in the battles at Franklin and Murfreesboro. He left Murfreesboro with a wagon train of prisoners. He afterward went to the South Caro
lina coast and was in the engagement at James Island. From there he went to Augusta, where he was granted a furlough, and on his return to the army he learned of the surrender. On his return home he attended school two years, and then engaged in farming with his father for some time. Then for five years
he was in the cross-tie and timber business; after which he resumed farming in connection with saw-milling. Of late years he has given his attention almost exclusively to his farm and cutting wood for market. For four years he was
chairman of the commissioners of roads and revenues of the county, and in 1894 was elected mayor of Guyton. He has also represented the county alliance in the state alliance convention. Mr. Simmons was married April 17, 1872, to Miss
Agnes, daughter of J. B. and Salome Shearouse of Effingham county. Six children have been born to them: Leila Pauline, Corinne, Robert (deceased"!. Tames Win-

426

MEMOIRS OP GEORGIA.

field, Daniel \Vebster and Maude. Himself and wife are members of the Methodist church, of which he has been secretary, steward and trustee and a district steward.

CTEPHEX A. WILSOX, merchant, Oaky, Effingham Co., Ga., son of Elihu
and Catharine Wilson, was born in Effingham county, September 3, 1829.
His parents were well-to-do people, and his father followed farming all his life.
They had seven children, of whom Stephen was the fourth son. Mr. Wilson's education was obtained at the near-by country schools. When eighteen years of age he commenced farming on his own account, and continued it until March 10, 1862, when he formed Company I, Forty-seventh Georgia regiment, and was
made captain. He was at Savannah, the battle at Jackson, and siege of Vicksburg,
Miss. With his command he participated in the battles of Lookout Mountain, Missionary Ridge, Chickamauga, and was in the running fight from Dalton to Atlanta. At Pine Mountain he received a wound in the head, in consequence of which he was in the hospital some considerable time. On his recovery he rejoined
his brigade, which was sent to Charleston to drive the Federals from St John's Island, and was on James' Island which they left when Gen. Sherman reached Savannah. His command participated in the fight at Honeyhill and at Coosaw-
hatchie, where they remained until Charleston was evacuated, when the com
mand went into the interior. Obtaining a furlough he came home to remove his
family to a place of safety; and finding himself cut off from his command he joined
Gen. Cheatham's corps, with which he remained until the surrender. Returning from the war he farmed one year and then, in addition, engaged in merchandising
and saw-milling, which he has since followed ?nd accumulated a fortune. He is
a fine business man, always on the alert, is very enterprising and has displa3fed unusually good management. Mr. Wilson has been married three times. He
was first married to Miss Lavinia Dasher, and after her death he married Miss Laura Davis of Barnwell, S. C. He had the misfortune to suffer a second bereave ment in her death, and for his third wife married Miss Tabitha A. Edwards of
Effingham count}-, by whom he has had five children: Walter S., teacher, Savan nah; Horace Emmet, lawyer, and recorder police court, Savannah; F. Kath
arine, wife of L. M. Ryals, Savannah; Frank Cheatham, dentist, Savannah; and
one single daughter, Mary Murchison. Mr. Wilson is a member of the masonic fraternitv.

IRWIN COUNTY.

IS DORMIXIiY, planter, Invin county, Ga., was born in Invin county

Oct 12, 1828. His father, John B. Dorminey, was born and raised in Eman-

uel county, Ga., and was one of the earliest settlers in Irwin county, which he

represented in the general assembly several years. He died in 1878. Willis Dor

miney grew up a fanner boy, received a common country schooling, and began

life on a farm, and is a farmer still. In 1861 he enlisted in Company A, Sixtv-first

Georgia regiment, and was made third lieutenant After the war he resumed

farming, and also became interested in a general store and the manufacture of naval

stores. He was elected clerk of the superior court, serving two years acceptably;

and in 1884 was elected to represent the county in the general assembly, serving

two vears with credit to himself and satisfactorily to his constituents. In 186:; he

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JACKSON COUNTY SKETCHES.

4*7

married Mrs. Rebecca (nee Duffle) Matthews, who has borne him six children, four sons and two daughters: Edwin J., Irwin county; Norman, farmer, Invin county; John D., merchant; Minnie, Irwin county; Jackson J.; Mary E., Mrs. John T. Van, North Carolina, and Nellie, student, South Georgia college.

M ANASSEH HENDERSpN, planter and popular county official, Ocilla, Invin Co., Ga., was born in Invin county Jan. i, 1843. His father, Daniel Henderson,
was a fanner, and when Worth county was formed, including a part of Invin, he was cut off into Worth county. Manasseh Henderson received a good com mon school education, but about the time he was ready to enter upon the active
business of life the war between the states began in the spring of 1861, and he enlisted as a private in Company G, Fourteenth Georgia regiment. The follow ing fall he was discharged from that command on account of sickness. Having regained his health, in the early part of 1862, he again enlisted--this time as a private in Company B, Tenth Georgia battalion, of which company he was after
ward made first lieutenant, and was promoted to the captaincy before the close of the war. He passed through the entire war--was never wounded nor captured till the surrender at Appomattox court house. Returning to Worth county after the
surrender, he was the following fall married to Miss Mary V., daughter of Rev.
Jacob Young, of Irwin county, to which county he soon removed and engaged in farming, which he still follows with interest and profit Since then Mr. Henderson has been elected clerk of the superior court, in which capacity he served the county four years. He was also elected county treasurer, but resigned the office before the expiration of the term. In 1888 he was elected to represent the Fifteenth sena
torial district in the general assembly, in which body he was chairman of the com
mittee on enrollment, a member of the special judiciary and other important com mittees of that body. He is now serving as county commissioner, a position he
has filled for two terms. He is a member of the Primitive Baptist church, and is a member of the Masonic fraternity, having been made a Mason in Military lodge, No. 7, during the war, and has presided in the east. He was exalted to the royal arch degree at Petersburg, Va., during the war.

JACKSON COUNTY.
UORATIO W. BELL, county ordinary, Jefferson, Jackson Co., Ga., was born in the town where he now lives, Aug. 9, 1841. He is the son of Jackson and Re
becca Wilson Bell. Jackson Bell was a prominent citizen of Jackson county, and was engaged in merchandising in Jefferson, and represented the county in the legislature during the session of 1863-64. Horatio W. Bell was educated at the Jefferson academy in Jackson county. At the age of nineteen he volunteered in the first company that left the county, and entered the Confederate service as sergeant of Company C, Eighteenth Georgia regiment, and served with this regi ment through the war. He was promoted to be first lieutenant, and on account of his business qualifications was detailed from the line to fill the position of regimental quartermaster, with the rank of captain, and brigade commissary, with the rank of major. He was in the battle of Seven Pines, seven days' fight around Richmond, Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, and Chickamauga. He was severely wounded at the battle of Games' farm, near Richmond, and at the battle of Chancel-

428

MEMOIRS OP GEORGIA.

lorsvillc commanded Company C during that fight. After the war he returned to Jefferson and began merchandising and farming, which he continued with success till Jan. 1.1877, when he was elected ordinary, a position which he has filled up to the present day. When his present term--which is the fifth--expires, he will have served his count}- as ordinary twenty years. His administration has been a credit to himself and satisfactory to the people of this large and prosperous county. When he was first elected ordinary tire finances and business of the county were in a bad condition and the county heavily in debt His management soon placed the county on a firm cash basis, and to-day there is not a dollar of indebtedness and a tax rate of only forty cents on the $100, notwithstanding a splendid brick court house and stone jail, a comfortable, convenient county poorhouse and farm, three <-plendid iron bridges and seven covered bridges have been erected under his ad ministration and supervision since he has been in office. As judge of the court of ordinary, but few of his decisions have been appealed to a higher court, and but one reversed. He is a member of the board of trustees and treasurer of Martin insti tute, one of the finest high schools in the state. He is one of the projectors of the Jef ferson Banking company, a stock holder and member of the board of directors, and advisor of the cashier in the management of said bank. He was one of the projectors and builders of the G., J. & S. railroad, and has been a member of the board of directors of said railroad company ever since its organization. With all these business responsibilities he finds time to take a lively interest in politics and religion and all charitable institutions. He is chairman of the executive committee of the Democratic party of Jackson county, and a member of the state campaign committee. He is a member of the Methodist church, superintendent of the Sunday school, and among the foremost leaders of charitable work in Jackson county. He is worshipful master of the -Unity lodge, No. 36, F. and A. M., high priest of Jefferson chapter of royal arch Masons and a member of the order of high priesthood. He was married Xov. 15, 1866, to Cornelia F. Watson, daughter of Samuel Watson, a wealthy and prominent citizen of Jefferson, by whom he has one son. Samuel J. Bell.

JESSE C. BEXXETT, clerk of the superior court and ex-officio treasurer for Jackson county, was born in Jackson county, Ga., Jan. 7, 1869, and is the son of
Capt. A. T. and Sarah L. (Morgan) Bennett. A. T. Bennett was a native of Jack
son county, born in 1828, and was engaged in farming until 1849, when he went to California. He was there four years, and returned in 1853 and resumed farming. He was elected sheriff of Jackson county, but resigned when the war broke out and enlisted in the sen-ice of the Confederate states in 1861. He was elected captain of Company E, Thirty-fourth Georgia regiment, and served until 1864, when he was discharged on account of sickness. At the dose of the war he began farming again, and was elected a member of the inferior court, and in 1868 was elected a member
of the legislature, and again elected in 1876. After the adoption of the new consti tution in i8//- he was elected again, and re-elected in 1880. He still resides on his farm three miles east of Jefferson. J. C. Bennett was educated in Jackson county at Martin institute, and upon the completion of his studies he entered the office of the clerk of the superior court as an assistant in 1887. He served in this capacity three years, in the meantime prosecuting the study of medicine, and in 1890 was graduated from the Atlanta Medical college, standing fourth in a class of fifty. He then began the practice of medicine at Jefferson, and followed his pro fession for two years, at the expiration of which time he turned his attention to politics He was appointed tax collector of Jackson county, and in January, 1893. he was elected clerk of the superior court for Jackson county, and was again elected to the office in 1895. There was an unexpired term on account of the death of \V.

JACKSON COUNTY SKETCHES.

429

T. Bennett of three months in the office that was filled by Mr. J. C. Bennett. from
October, 1890, to January, 1891. In 1891 he was elected a member of the board of trustees of the Martin institute, and was elected member of the city council in 1891,
and has been president of the alumni of Martin institute. He is a member of the Baptist church, and is a Mason and secretary of the Jefferson chapter, Xo. 43, royal arch Masons. He has held the position since the chapter was organized in
1891. He was married to Miss Lizzie Dickson, daughter of Jeptha and M. E. Dickson, of Jefferson, in October, 1891, and they have one child, Jessie Marie. Mr.
Bennett's home is in Jefferson, the county seat of Jackson count}-, where he has resided since 1887. He is quite a young man, and his friends predict for him a brilliant future.

JOHN N. HOLDER, Jefferson, Jackson Co., Ga., was born July 22, 1868, and
is a son of Thomas R. and Martha A. (Pendergrass) Holder. Thomas R. Holder, a native of Virginia, was born January, 1812, and moved with his parents to Georgia when about five years of age, settling in Clarke county. He moved
to Jackson county just after the war of 1812-14, settling on a farm three and a half miles from Jefferson. His whole life has been devoted to farming and politi cal ambition has never possessed him, and the only office he has ever held is that of overseer. He married Martha A. Pendergrass in 1867. She was a daugh
ter of Nathaniel H. Pendergrass and sister of Dr. J. B. Pendergrass. He is still living on his farm at the age of eighty-three. John N. Holder received his pre
paratory education at Martin institute in Jefferson, and was graduated from the
university of Georgia in 1890. He was first honor man and stood at the head of his class of thirty-nine. He taught school for a year at Avalon, Ga., and since
1892 has been editor of the Jackson "Herald," published at Jefferson, Ga.. a
journal having the largest circulation of any paper in the Ninth congressional district. He was chairman of the democratic committee of the Ninth congres sional district, and chairman of the campaign committee for that district, and has taken an active part in the politics of the county and district. He is a Mason. Mr. Holder was married in 1891 to Ada, daughter of ex-Sheriff T. A. McElhannon, a union which has been blessed with one child, Erin. Mrs. Holder is a graduate of Wesleyan Female college, at Macon, and is a very great help to
her husband in editing the "Herald.'' Mr. Holder is a prominent member of the masonic fraternity.

TANDY E. KEY, merchant, Harmony Grove, Jackson Co., is one of the county's leading citizens and progressive business men. He was born in Banks county,
Ga., Sept. 24, 1850. His father was P. C. Key and his mother Hunter E. Ash.
The father was a native and resident of Banks county all his life, and a successful merchant and man of affairs. When the war broke out he enlisted in the Con federate army and was made captain, and met his death in the battle of Griswold-
ville, Ga. Mr. T. E. Key was educated in Jackson county, at Martin institute1, and began his prosperous career as a clerk for C. W. Hood. This was in 187^, and two years later he went to Athens for five years as clerk with Center & Reeves. He returned to Jackson in a few years and formed a partnership with
Mr. Hood. He is now in the merchandising business with John D. Barnett. Mr. Key has twice been elected mayor of Harmony Grove, in 1891-92, and was elected
to the legislature, representing Jackson county, in 1886, and serving with dis
tinction on the railroad and other important committees. He is an elder in the Presbyterian church, a Mason, belonging to Lodge No. 294. Mr. Key was mar ried to Miss Lizzie Cooper, daughter of John Z. Cooper, of Athens.

430

MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

J AMES BASCOMB PENDERGRASS, physician and surgeon, Jefferson, Ga., was born in Jackson county, Ga., May 31, 1851, and is a son of Nathaniel
Harlingsworth and Martha (Bryant) Pendergrass. The mother was a daughter of William L. and Eliza (Trout) Bryant She w"as educated at Salem, N. C., and was noted for her intellectual culture, being one of the best informed and talented
women of that day. By nature she was endowed with a wonderful talent for art, and by cultivation she became an efficient artist. William Lane Bryant was a successful and extensive farmer and a leading citizen of Jckson county. His wife was Miss Eliza Huguenot Trout, a lady of great intellect and refinement Xathaniel H. Pendergrass was born Oct 25, 1807, in South Carolina, and moved \vith his parents, when only four years of age, to Georgia, and settled in Jackson county. He was elected sheriff of the county in 1841, served for two terms, and was then elected county treasurer in 1851. He was extensively engaged in mer chandising and fanning. He was a soldier in the war with the Creek Indians in 1836, and served in the state militia during the civil war between the states. He was a prominent Mason and a member of the Methodist church. He died June 3, 1879. From his early manhood he had been before the public, having held various offices of trust and honor. In every position, whether public or private, his course gained the respect and esteem of all with whom he came in contact Nathaniel Pendergrass, the grandfather of Dr. J. B. Pendergrass, was a great believer in the Bible and lived a consecrated Christian life, often speaking in public and working for Christ He was twelve years of age at the close of the
revolutionary war. His wife was Miss Hannah Nixon, a woman of great beauty and intellect She was of royal descent. Dr. James Bascomb Pender grass was educated at Martin institute, Jefferson, Ga., and began to read med icine in 1874 with Dr. J. David Long, of Jefferson. He was graduated in 1876 from the Kentucky school of medicine at Louisville. He at once began the prac tice of medicine in Jefferson, and owing to his wonderful skill as a physician and surgeon he is now, without question, the most eminent physician in Jackson county. Dr. Pendergrass not only has a reputation in Jackson county, but all over Georgia, and is known in other states. He is a member of the American Medical association, of the Georgia Medical association and is president of the Jackson County Medical association. He is a member of the Methodist Episcopal church, an Odd Fellow, a Good Templar and has often filled with credit and honor the highest offices in his lodges. For many years he has been a close stu dent, and being thoroughly conscientious, he discharged his duties faithfully and well. His profession brought him into prominence and a trial of his skill has been displayed and proven satisfactory to the public and his friends. After hav ing practiced medicine for ten years he decided to take a post-graduate course in
1886 at the New York polyclinic. It was while en route to New York he met Miss Nellie J. Egerton, a beautiful and accomplished young lady, who became his wife March 3, 1887. Mrs. Pendergrass was the only daughter of Charles Wilmot and
Lou Egerton, the former being a brilliant young attorney of Louisburg, N. G, and the latter a beautiful, accomplished and very aristocratic and wealthy lady of the same state. After a short but happy married life Mrs. Nellie Egerton Pendergrass departed this life, Aug. 5, 1889, leaving one son, Wilmot Harlings-
worth Pendergrass. Dr. Pendergrass, like other men, met with misfortunes and disappointments, but being a man of great determination, energy, and will power, he always looked forward to a better and brighter day, and by the help of God he has been successful, both professionally and financially. On Jan. 31, 1894, he was married to Miss Mittie Dell, the youngest daughter of James Thomas
and Sarah Elizabeth Heath, of Norwood, Ga. She is recognized as one of

JACKSON COUNTY SKETCHES.

431

the prettiest and most lovable women that Georgia ever produced. She was edu cated at Wesleyan Female college, taking a very high stand in all the departments of this famous old institution. There never could have been a happier marriage than when Dr. Pendergrass and Miss Mittie Dell Heath were united in the holy bonds of matrimony, and they are thoroughly devoted to each other. Their union
has been blessed by one bright-eyed little son, Jamie Evans Pendergrass.

\\f I. PIKE, lawyer, Jefferson, Jackson Co., Ga., was born in Macon, Bibb Co.,
* Ga., in 1842, and is a son of Henry and Ann (Stevens) Pike. Henry Pike was born in South Carolina in 1804 and before his majority moved with his father, William Pike, to Georgia, settling on a farm in Walton county. In young manhood he moved to Macon, where he lived until 1851, when he returned to the farm in Walton county; in 1853 ne moved to Jackson county, settling on a
farm, where he died in 1855. Mr. W. I. Pike was educated in the common schools and Martin institute, and reading law with J. B. S. Davis, of Jefferson, was ad
mitted to the bar and began practice in 1866. When the civil war broke out he enlisted as a private in Company E, First Georgia Partison rangers' cavalry, which afterward became the Sixteen th Georgia battalion cavalry, and finally the Thir teenth regiment, Georgia cavalry. He was promoted to ordnance sergeant in 1863, and after the evacuation of Richmond he was tendered the captaincy by the secretary of war at Charlotte, N. C., but the war closed before he donned his stars. He was with Morgan in Kentucky and Tennessee in 1862, with Long-
street in Tennessee in 1863, with Early in the valley in 1864. with Breckinridge in Virginia and Tennessee in 1864-65, and surrendered with Johnston. April 26, 1865. He began the practice of law at Jefferson, where he has since remained. Mr. Pike was elected county solicitor in 1866, to the legislature in 1878-79, was
one of the managers that impeached Goldsmith, comptroller of state, was a mem ber of the senate in 1882-83, was again elected to the legislature in 1892-93 and was a member of the judiciary committee at each session. He is a member of the Methodist church, belongs to the masonic order and is an Odd Fellow. When eighteen years of age Mr. Pike married Lucy, a.daughter of Wm. S. Thompson, of Jefferson. They have six children: Jeff Davis, Gertrude, Cora (now Mrs. Hur-
nan), Lena (now Mrs. Sikes), Neva (now Mrs. Tuck), and Lucy.

JAMES E. RANDOLPH, merchant, Jefferson, was born in Jackson county,
Oct. 31,1837, and is a son of Joshua H. and Nancy (Oliver) Randolph. Joshua H. Randolph was engaged principally during his lifetime in merchandising and
was elected sheriff of Jackson county, in 1842, and served continuously until
December, 1860, being elected nine consecutive times, and dying in office. James
E. Randolph was educated in the common school of Jackson county and in Jefferson academy. He began merchandising directly after the war and has
been extensively engaged in farming, contracting and fertilizers, and is a large
owner of real estate in Jefferson. He is proprietor of the Randall house built directly after the war. At the beginning of the war he enlisted with Col. White,
and was elected sheriff of Jackson county in the fall of 1862, and held that office
till the close of the war. He has been mayor of Jefferson for fifteen years and has served as postmaster for nine years. He is a member of the Methodist church and is a Mason, belonging to Unity lodge No. 36. He is also an Odd Fellow. He has been a member of the board of trustees of Martin institute for thirty years. In
1877 he married Miss Elizabeth C. Thompson. She is a daughter of William S.
Thompson of Jackson county. Two children born to them are deceased. Mr. Randolph has adopted Minnie May Randolph, a charming young lady.

432

MEMOIRS OP GEORGIA.

QUSTAYUS JAMES XASH WILSOX, county superintendent of schools,

;

was born near where Harmony Grove now stands, in Jackson count}', Ga.,

:

Oct. 16, 1827. He belongs to a family living in the count}' when it was organized

in 1796, and subsequently prominent in its political, business and social interests.

He is a grandson of George Wilson, a leading citizen in the pioneer days of Jack

son county, and one who made the original draft of the first constitution of the

;

state of Georgia. George Wilson was one of the first settlers of Jackson county,

and was an elder in the first Presbyterian church organized in that part of the

state. James Wilson, a son, married Martha Bowles, daughter of another old

settler, and they are the parents of Mr. Gustavus Wilson. The father was

an extensive farmer, and a brave soldier in the war of 1812, and in the Indian war

;

of 1836. He died March 17, 1871, aged eighty-three years. In the youthful days

of Mr. Gustavus Wilson, educational advantages were few. The "old-field"

schools, and here and there a private academy, furnished the mental training of

f

the masses. In the former Mr. Wilson's natural love for learning was nurtured

I

until his mind was prepared to guide it into the channel of self-education. Ho

;

has been from even his childhood days, a hard and thorough student, ever seek

ing knowledge. At thirteen years of age, so far had he advanced, that he began

teaching a school near Harmony Grove, and so eminent were his qualifications as

an educator, that he continued this school with great success for fourteen consecu

tive years. He was then associated with other schools in the county, and was at

the head of some of the most successful institutions of learning in Jackson county

in ante-bellum days. In May, 1862, Mr. Wilson left his profession and enlisted in

the Confederate army, as an officer in Company E, Thirty-fourth Georgia regi-

:.

ment After the war he devoted most of his time to mechanics and machinery,

:

and was thus engaged when, in 1871, he was elected to the position he now fills,

being elected subsequently for six consecutive terms--twenty-four years. Mr.

Wilson is of pure Scotch-Irish descent, of fine mental attainments, and possesses

a physique of herculean proportions. He is an elder in the Presbyterian church:

a chapter Mason, and also an Odd Fellow. Though passing all his days in the

common walks of life, Mr. Wilson can boast that he never owed a cent that is

not paid: sen-ing the county for nearly a quarter of a century, he has never cost

the county or state as much as a "nickel;" and in a life of near three-score-and-ten

years he is not conscious of ever passing an idle day. By using "mere scraps of

time*-" Mr. Wilson now lives almost on his native heath in a pretty residence of rare-

workmanship built by his own hands. Mr. Wilson owns one of the largest

private libraries in the state, and notwithstanding his busy life has found time to

write essays and articles on educational and religious subjects which have attracted

attention all over the country. Mr. Wilson was married Aug. i, 1844, to Miss

Carrie Coleman, daughter of Alien Coleman of Laurens county, S. C. They have

t\vo children: L. C. Wilson and Mrs. Maggie Johnson.

JASPER COUNTY.
JAMES HEXDERSOX, planter, Monticello, Jasper Co., Ga, son of Janus and Sarah (Bolton) Henderson, was born in Jasper county, Sept. 12, 1828.
His great-grandfather was a native of Scotland, and came to Xortli Carolina, where lie married. He had one son, William, who married Miss Hannah Jolin-

JASPER COUNTY SKETCHES.

433

son, migrated to Georgia, and settled in \Viikes county, where he raised a family of six children, none of whom is now living, namely: James; Henry; William; Elisha; John; and Dorothy, who married William Simmons. Elisha and Wil l-am were soldiers in the war of 1812-14 and James and William were Baptist
preachers. His grandmother lived to be ninety years of age. Mr. Henderson's father was married in Oglethorpe county, Oct 10, 1811, lived several years in
\Vilkes county, moved in 1818 to Jasper county and settled between two and three miles from Monticello. He afterward moved to where the subject of this
sketch now lives. He was a prosperous planter--one whose unimpeachable recti' rude of character won and kept the entire confidence of the people. He was a
Primitive Baptist preacher, gained a wide reputation within his denomination,
and was a prominent and influential member of it. He died April i, 1858, and his wife died March 7, 1862. To this union there were born ten children, all of whom were raised to maturity except Caroline, who died in infancy; .Christian
H. (deceased); Jemima A., widow of a Mr. Dodson, Sumter count}', Ga.; Carolina B. (deceased); William C, West Point, Ga.: Sarah A. (deceased); James, subject
of this sketch; Emily, wife of John F. Childs, Forsyth, Ga.; Isaac W., Jasper county; Martha V., wife of John M. Gibbs, Social Circle, Ga. Mr. Henderson has
passed his life on his plantation in Jasper county, content with the life and
income incident to the industrious pursuit of agriculture. When the war began he enlisted in a company that went from Monticello, of which he was made first lieutenant. His company was in nearly every important battle--twenty-three in all--including Sharpsburg, Antietam, Wilderness, Gettysburg, etc. The first battle he was in his company lost heavily, after which he was promoted to a
captaincy. He received a peculiar wound in a peculiar way at the second battle of the Wilderness, May 8, 1864. He was lying down ready to make a charge, when he was hit on the top of his head by a minie ball, in consequence of which he lay at the point of death for many weeks. The indentation made by this ball,
large and deep enough to receive a walnut, still remains in his head. He has the reputation of having been utterly fearless in battle. After the war he resumed his favorite pursuit, which he has diligently followed since. In 1890 he was
elected to represent the county in the general assembly--the beginning and end ing of his public service. He has a fine plantation of 500 acres, after having divided a like number of acres among his children. Capt. Henderson was mar ried in Jasper county, Nov. 16, 1853, to Miss Miranda, daughter of Robert Sparks, a member of another early and prominent family. To them the following named children were born: Sarah L. (deceased); Robert E. (deceased); Elesiff T. (deceased); Irwin A., single, at home; Wallace H., Jasper county; Minnie, wife
of A. S. Walker, Putnam county; Charles Lee, merchant, Monticello; James B., young man, at home. He is a strong and influential member of the Primitive
Baptist church.

WILLIAM C. LEVERETT, retired planter, Machen, Jasper Co., Ga., son of Durrell and Nancy (Cody) Leverett, was born in Putnam county, Ga., March
15, 1818. His parents--of French descent--were born respectively in Wilkes and Lincoln counties, Ga., but were married in Putnam county. In 1821 they moved to Tasper countv, where they reared a family of nine children: Ann, deceased wife of John Turk; Eliza, widow of James Wright. Eatonton, Ga.: Edward B.. deceased: Frank, deceased; Clayton, deceased; Thomas. Jasper county: Catharine, wife of Tames Lancaster, Putnam county; Martha, widow of Thomas Leverett, Jasper county; Nancv J., maiden lady. Eatonton, Ga. It was a source of pride to Mr. Leverett to give his children a good education, which he did. He was a quiet. unostentatious man, yet very energetic and thrifty: indifferent to public life, but
11-28

434

MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

manifested a life-time devotion to the doctrines and practices of the Primitive Baptist church. The old homestead is situated four miles east of Machen, and here our subject's mother died in 1858, aged sixty-one, and his father in 1878, in the nine
ty-first year of his age. Mr. Leveretfs life occupation has been that of a planter and farmer. When he became of age he bought a small farm, which forms a part of the magnificent property he now owns. To be recognized as a good fanner, and to rear his children properly and to start them right on the voyage of life, has been his chiefest ambition, so he has been content to live and fully enjoy the quiet life of a farmer. During the war, however, though exempt by age, he did excellent and valuable service for the Confederate government as a purchasing and collecting agent His territory was extensive, the number of men under his supervision was large, and his duties were onerous and exacting; the responsibility, also, was very great. Yet he discharged his duties promptly, with scrupulous care, and to the entire satisfaction of the authorities. He has been eminently successful in his farming business, and he now owns about 3,000 acres of excellent land, situated principally between Machen and Monticello, and now, in his ripe old age, surrounded by an intelligent and loving family, he is enjoying the well-earned fruits of an industrious and well-spent life. Mr. Leverett was married four times. His first marriage was in Jasper county, Feb. 6, 1839, to Miss Sarah, daughter of Benja min Wade, who bore him one child, Harriet, wife of William Spearman, Jasper county. Mrs. Leverett died in 1841, and the following year Mr. Leverett was mar ried in Putnam county to Mrs. Herndon (nee Hearn), by whom he had five children, three of whom are living: Frank, ex-United States marshal, southern district of Georgia, Macon ; Sarah, wife of Eli Pounds, Jackson, Ga., and Elizabeth, wife of B. H. Sanders, Cleburne, Tex. This wife died in 1855, and he afterward married, in Jasper county, Mrs. Jane Smith (nee Winfrey), who bore him one child, Alice, wife of Dr. J. H. Bullard, Machen. Having lost this wife by death, Mr. Leverett
was married in Putnam county, March 22, 1893, to Fannie, daughter of Irby Scott, who is comforting him in his old age. Mr. Leverett is a democrat, a royal arch Mason, and has been an ardent and exemplary member of the Methodist church for fifty-four years, of which he is a trustee. No person or family holds a higher position or is more influential in the locality than Mr. Leverett and his family.

D. MADDUX, physician and surgeon, Monticello, Jasper Co., Ga., son of John and Sarah (Betts) Maddux, was born in Jasper county, Aug. 21, 1814. His grandparents on both sides* Joseph Maddux and Abram Betts, were natives of Maryland, and the two families migrated to Georgia in the latter part of the last cen tury and settled in Hancock county. Subsequently Mr. Maddux moved to Put nam and Mr. Betts to Jasper county. Mr. Maddux's father was born in Maryland, but \vas reared mainly in Hancock county. He was married in 1804, and in 1808 moved to Jasper county and settled four miles west of Monticello, on the road to Indian Springs, where he passed the remainder of his days. He was a plain, prosperous planter, no politician, but firm in his political convictions, and voted the whig ticket. Dr. Maddux's parents reared eleven children to maturity, ot whom three only survive: James L., Flovilla, Ga.; W. D., the subject of this sketch, and Simeon H., planter, Jasper county. His father died in 1868, aged eighty-seven years, and his mother in 1872 at the same age. Dr. Maddux received a good edu cation, and remained at the old homestead until he was twenty-five years old. He then read medicine under Dr. Edward A. Broadus, an eminent physician of that time and locality, and afterward attended a course of lectures at Jefferson Medical college, Philadelphia. The next year he attended lectures at the medical depart ment of the university of New York, whence he graduated in 1842. Dr. Maddux
located at once at Monticello, where he has almost continuously resided ever since;

JASPER COUNTY SKETCHES.

435

entered upon the successful practice of his profession and established a patronage which' rapidly grew in volume and value. During the war he did an immense amount of gratuitous practice for the families of the soldiers. Advancing years have compelled him to withdraw gradually from the practice. He has been the leading physician of Monticello and a wide sweep of country around for half a century, is widely known and much beloved. Dr. Maddux was happily married in Monticello in 1852 to Miss Araminta, daughter of Thomas B. Comer, who was born and reared in Jasper county, and by whom he had two daughters: Jennie, wife of A. M. Robinson, Atlanta, Ga.; and Kate, wife of David R. Glover, living with her .father. Mrs. Maddux died Jan. 23, 1884. Dr. Maddux was a member of the old whig party and a Union man until the state seceded; since then he has been a democrat Himself and all his family are members of the Methodist church.

VYILLIAM J. M. PRESTON, planter, Broughtonville, Jasper Co., Ga., son of William H'. and Martha (McDowell) Preston, was born in Jasper county, Jan.
25, 1838. His father was born in South Carolina, and when he was ten years old (1812) came to Georgia with his family, which settled on Murder creek, Jasper Co., seven miles north of Monticello. He married in 1828, and had nine children born to him: Charles T., deceased; Salina, deceased; Mary, wife of Dr. Cheney, Rae, Tex.; John R., deceased; Virginia, deceased; William J. M., the subject of this sketch; Joseph W., lawyer, Macon, Ga.; Henry H., member of Com pany G, Fourth Georgia regiment, killed at Malvern Hill, and Martha, deceased. Mr. Preston's father was a thrifty, prosperous planter, highly esteemed for his conscientious, upright character and great hospitality, unstintedly entertaining, not only his friends, but the stranger that entered his gates. Before the war he repre sented Jasper county in the general assembly. Mr. Preston's mother died May i, 1878, and his father died March 16, 1892, in his ninetieth year. Both were devoted and exemplary members of the Baptist church. Mr. Preston was reared on the
plantation and received an excellent education. About the time he became of age he taught school a while, and then commenced the study of medicine. This was interrupted by the outbreak of the war between the states. He enlisted in Com pany C, Fourteenth Georgia regiment, of which he was made orderly sergeant, and reached the battlefield just after the first Manassas battle. He was in all the im portant battles fought by the army of northern Virginia, and having been promoted to the rank of first lieutenant, commanded in the battles of Chancellorsville and the Wilderness. Coming home from the war he returned to the plantation and began the work of reconstruction. For a number of years between 1870-80 he was justice of the peace in the Shady Dale district; in 1881 he was elected sheriff of the county, and was re-elected for two years in 1883; was mayor of Monticello in 1885-6, and in 1886 was elected to represent the county in the general assembly, in which body he served on the committees on finance, education and asylum. Capt Preston's continuous military and political advancement indicate a general popular recognition of his administrative capacity and his fidelity to public trusts, and demonstrates his personal popularity. Capt. Preston was married in Jasper county, Dec. 18,1866, to Miss Angeline N. Pugh, who died childless Nov. 15, 1880. On Nov. 24, 1886, in Jasper county, he was married to Miss Elizabeth C. Malone. Capt. Preston is personally a most affable and genial gentleman; himself and wife are cultured people and dispense a lavish hospitality. He is a "solid" democrat and a member of the Baptist church.

I T. WYATT, planter, Farrar, Jasper Co., Ga., only child of W. H. and Cynthia " (Winfrey) Wyatt, was born in Jasper county, Sept. 28, 1835. His great-grand
father, John Wyatt, was a citizen of Virginia during the revolutionary war, a

436

MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

soldier in the patriot army, migrated to Georgia, and settled in Clarke county in 1802. He afterward moved to Butts county, Ga., where he lived until his death, which occurred at the advanced age of ninety-nine years. Mr. Wyatt's grandfather,
Thomas Wyatt, was born and reared in Clarke count}', whence, after his marriage to Miss Xancy Wootten, he moved and settled near the line of Jasper and Morgan counties, where he reared his family, and died in 1857. His children were: John W., planter, Jasper county, the oldest living member of the family; William H.,
father of the subject of this sketch; Xancy A.; De Graftenreid, and Tabitha. Mr. Wyatt's father was born in Morgan county in 1812, but lived all his life in Jasper county. He was a progressive planter, energetic, shrewd and thrifty, and when
he died had acquired one of the largest properties in his section. Having a taste for politics his democratic friends elected him to represent the county in the general assembly thirteen continuous terms. "Ike Tom" Wyatt, as he is familiarly called
by his appreciative friends, was reared a plain farmer, and it pleases him to regard the calling as one of the noblest and most dignified a man can follow. He is living in the house in which he was born, and is engaged in the same pursuit his
ancestors were engaged in for generations before him. His highest ambition is to be regarded a good farmer, a man of highest integrity, and to be honored by his neighbors as a citizen of unquestioned honor and uprightness of character. Dur ing the late war he served three months in Virginia in the Fourth Georgia regiment, and then came home. He re-enlisted in the Sixteenth Georgia battalion of cavalry, which saw much arduous and exacting service under the great Confederate raider, Gen. John H. Morgan. Ever since the war he has been a notary public and ex-
officio justice of the peace. Mr. Wyatt was married in Monroe county, Ga., to Miss Mary A. Sullivan, born and reared in Monroe county, daughter of Hilliard Sullivan, a North Carolinian by birth. This union has been blessed with two children: William H., planter, near the homestead, and Cynthia, widow of John Christian, living with the old folks at home. Mr. Wyatt is an uncompromising democrat, a royal arch Mason, having been accepted and entered the same day he became of full age, and is an ardent, exemplary member of the Methodist church.

JEFFERSON COUNTY.
iXRY LAUREXS BATTLE, physician and surgeon, Wadley, Jefferson Co., Ga., son of Rev. Jesse B. and Martha (Rabun) Battle, was born in Hancock county, Ga. Dr. Battle's father was born in Hancock county in 1791, was a Baptist minister of note, preached the gospel sixty-six years, died in 1873, aged eighty-two years, and was buried on a spot in Hancock county where are buried six generations of the family. His mother, the eldest daughter of Gov. William Rabun, was an exemplary member of the Baptist church, and an earnest Christian worker. She died in 1854, in the sixtieth year of her ae. Nine children blessed the union of this devoted Christian couple: Mary, Sarah, Amanda, William, Milton, John, Henry, Leander and Jesse. Only two of these are living-- John, who lives in Laurens county, and Henry Laurens. Dr. Battle received his early and preparatory education at Powelton (Hancock county) academy, and then entered Mercer university in 1844, but did not graduate. After leaving the university he studied medicine and then attended lectures at the medical college

JEFFERSON COUNTY SKETCHES.

437

in Charleston, from which he graduated in 1848. He soon afterward located in
Sparta, Hancock Co., where he remained until 1858, when he moved to Jefferson county, which has since been his home. He has lived in Wadley ever since the
town was located, has secured a very large and valuable practice, and accumulated large property. He is recognized as a physician of superior attainments and
skill, and is held in affectionate regard by his hundreds of patrons. He has been
the local surgeon of the Central Railway company since that office was created. Although advanced in age, and has been practicing his profession forty-seven years, he is still in active service, his calls covering miles around him. He takes great interest in politics, but is no politician, his professional duties taking all his
time. Notwithstanding this, however, he was elected a justice of the inferior court and in 1874 was elected to represent the county in the general assembly, where he had the bill passed incorporating the town of Wadley. He is a member
of the State Medical association. Dr. Battle was married in October, 1848, to Miss Mary E., daughter of Thomas Pierce, who died in 1849, leaving one child, Jesse B., now in Texas. In 1852 he married Miss Anna Chambliss of Brunswick
county, Va., by whom he has had five children. One died young; those living are: Leander, in Florida; Henry L., in Texas; Mrs. Lena M. Battle, Wadley, and George Chambliss. Dr. Battle is a master Mason, and himself and family, except the two youngest children, are members of the Baptist church, of which he has
been a deacon forty years.

DOBERT L. GAMBLE. One of the best known, and most distinguished and
honored of names in middle eastern Georgia in the second, quarter of this century was that borne by him whose sketch is now presented. Roger Lawson Gamble, judge of the middle circuit of Georgia, Louisville, Jefferson Co., Ga., is
a son of Hon. Roger Lawson and Martha Rosanna (Gobert) Gamble, and was born in Jefferson county, May 20, 1851. Joseph Gamble, the paternal great-great grandfather of Judge Gamble, came from Virginia and settled in what is now
Jefferson county. His grandfather attained to state-wide eminence as a member
of the legal profession, and was one of the most popular political leaders of his generation. He was a member of congress in 1833-35, an(i ^en. coming to the
front again in the ever memorable campaign of 1840 he was elected (the elections
then were by general ticket) to the congress of 1841-43. Subsequently he was elected judge of the middle circuit and held the office one or more terms, sustaining
his well-earned reputation at the bar and in congress. He was pre-eminently
successful in his profession and otherwise, and left a large estate. Judge Gamble's
father was a gentleman of liberal education and great diversity of knowledge. He never entered public life, but devoted himself to his large planting interests and to his family. To Col. and Mrs. Gamble six children were born: Roger L., the subject of this sketch; Ruth L., deceased; Marguerite Eula, wife of George K. Chafee, Aiken, S. C.; Millard Gobert, who conducts large merchandise and planting interests, and married Miss Fannie Hunter of Louisville; Philip L., a
large farmer, who married Miss Clarissa Baker of Sparta, Hancock Co., Ga.; and Ella, wife of Dr. W. H. Doughty of Augusta, one of the most eminent physicians
in the state. Judge Gamble enjoyed exceptionally good educational advantages; first at the excellent schools of Louisville; then was a pupil in Augusta, respec
tively under Profs. Hard and Pelot; next under cx-Gov. Northen, then teaching
at Mt. Zion, Hancock Co., Ga., and finally he was placed under the preceptorship of the pre-eminently distinguished educator. Col. Richard Malcolm Johnson, near Baltimore, Md. Returning to Georgia he entered the junior class at the university
of Georgia, Athens, in 1860. and graduated in 1871. He then went to Augusta and read law under William Hope Hull, one of the profoundest members of the

438

MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

legal profession of his time, was admitted to the bar in Richmond superior court in 1872, and in January, 1873, located in Louisville and commenced practice
under the most flattering auspices. His very superior abilities being recognized, in 1875 he was appointed judge of the county court, but was found to be disquali fied by age, being too young. But that same year he was appointed solicitor of the county court, and held the office until 1880, when he was elected solicitor-general of the middle circuit and served one term--four years. In 1886 he was elected to represent Jefferson county in 'the general assembly, and was re-elected in 1888,
serving two terms. When his legislative term expired in 1890 he was elected judge of the middle circuit and in 1894 was re-elected without opposition. It is very rare for a member of the legal profession to be called into the public service at the youthful age he was, or that one has been so rapidly and continuously promoted. Judge Gamble is universally regarded as one of the ablest lawyers in the state, while his record as solicitor and on the bench has been phenomenal. Being only just on the threshold of a vigorous mature manhood, possibilities and probabilities of a future for him of exceeding brilliance and great distinction are surpassed by no one now in public life in Georgia. Socially his family ranks with the most cultured in the state, while pecuniarily he is highly favored, having large planting interests. Judge Gamble was married in 1882 to Miss Cynthia, daughter
of Dr. E. H. W. Hunter, and their household has been brightened and cheered by the addition of three children: Roger Lawson, Jr., Eula and Maude.

LITTLE, farmer, Grange, Jefferson Co., Ga., son of Robert P. and Elizabeth Little, was born in Jefferson county, May 19, 1851. His father was born in Burke county, Ga., and early in life moved to Jefferson county, where he acquired considerable property and became quite prominent He represented the county one term in the general assembly before the war and one term since. He died in 1878, aged sixty-two years. His widow is still living, aged seventy-three. Both were members of the Presbyterian church, and the parents of eleven children. Mr. Little was educated at the Louisville academy, and at the age of eighteen began life for himself by farming, and has made it his life occupation, devoting his study and labor almost exclusively to it He started with moderate means, but has kept his mind steadily on his business, managed well and invested judiciously, and now is one of the wealthiest men of his county. He attributes his substantial success and safe financial condition to adhering to the cash system--he owes no man. He has served the county as member of the board of roads and revenues, and in 1892-93 represented the county in the general assembly. Upright, substantial and thoroughly reliable, he enjoys the confidence of his fellow-citizens to the fullest extent Mr. Little was married Nov. 19, 1875, to Miss Rosa Rozier of Burke county, who died the latter part of 1876, having borne him one child, who died in infancy. On Oct 9, 1878, he contracted a second marriage with Miss Elizabeth, daughter of Dr. R. K. Dixon, whose family was one of the most prominent and refined in that section of the state. He has four children living: Julia, Mary, William and Elizabeth. He is a stanch democrat, and a member of the Presbyterian church, of which he is an elder.
P. LOWERY, merchant, Louisville, Jefferson Co., Ga., son of Rev. W. J-, D. D., and Margaret (Bell) Lowery, was born March 4, 1869. On his father's side he is of Scotch-Irish lineage, four brothers of the name having come to Georgia. His paternal grandfather, William S. Lowery, was professor of Latin and French at Erskine college, Due West, S. C, for nearly twenty years.

i

JEFFERSON COUNTY SKETCHES.

439

His father was born in Louisville, Ga., in 1838, was educated at Erskine college and afterward attended, and at the age of eighteen was graduated from Prince-
ton college, New Jersey; then entered the ministry as a Presbyterian clergyman, conscientiously discharging the duties of that sacred calling until Nov. 10, 1877, when he died while pastor of the First Presbyterian church at Louisville, Ky.f aged thirty-eight. He was married twice. His first wife, a native of Starkville, Miss., died in Selma, Ala., in 1872, leaving three children: William Paul, Maggie Bell and Lula Eloise, who died in 1879. His second wife was Miss Alary C., .daughter of Dr. R. K. Dixon of Jefferson county, who survives him. Mr. Lowery after preparatory studies entered Erskine college in 1883, from which he was graduated in 1887. After his graduation he taught school in South Carolina three years, and then came to Louisville--in January, 1891--and accepted a situation as salesman and bookkeeper with Beach & Farmer. In September, 1892, he entered into partnership with A. N. Beach in a general merchandise business. The firm has. been very successful--its trade having materially increased every year, until now it is one of the largest and most prosperous business establishments in Louisville. Young, energetic and enterprising, possessing great business capa
bilities and unswerving integrity, he has before him the promise of a brilliant and prosperous business career. Mr. Lowery is a Knight of Pythias, of which he is
a past chancellor, and was chosen to represent his (Damon) lodge at the grand lodge, May 21,1895, in Atlanta. His family was largely represented in the revolu tionary war, having had many relatives in the service; among them his maternal grandfather, Gen. Milton of Jefferson county. Ex-Gov. Milton of Florida was his
grand-uncle. In politics he is a democrat.-

JOHN ARCHIBALD M'MILLAN, farmer, Bartow, Jefferson Co., Ga., only
child of Daniel and Mary (McRae) McMillan, was born in Montgomery county, Ga., Sept. 19, 1843. His father was a large and prosperous farmer, and accumulated much property. He represented his county a number of times in
the general assembly, was a member of the Presbyterian church, and died in Octo ber, 1881, aged sixty-eight years. His widow, also a member of the Presbyterian church, is yet living, aged seventy-four years. Mr. McMillan attended school first
at Mt. Vernon, in his native county, and later went to Coopersville, Screven Co., Ga. When the war between the states began he enlisted first in Capt Styles' cavalry company, and afterward in the Twentieth Georgia cavalry, which was in Gen. Wade Hampton's command. Among other battles he participated in those of the Wilderness, Trevilians Station, Cold Harbor, and quite a number of minor engagements. He served through the war and received a slight wound--
losing a finger at Cold Harbor. After the war he commenced business as a mer
chant at Mt. Vernon, built up a large trade and made money. He also estab lished a store at Bartow, where he commanded a large trade. He has large farm
ing interests; besides his home farm near Bartow, he has several in Montgomery county which he rents. He has acquired much property, and notwithstanding he
has had the misfortune to lose very heavily, he still has large possessions. Although he is not a politician, as the term is generally understood, he was ordinary of Montgomery county twelve years. He has prospered, has an abundance and a good home on a well-stocked farm, and is prepared to live in quiet and comfort the balance of his life. Mr. McMillan was married in Jefferson county in 1873 to
Miss Hollie F., daughter of Rev. R. W. Johnson. They have two children: Dan iel Russell, twenty-one years old, now a student in Emory college, at Oxford, Ga., and John Archibald, attending school at Hephzibah, Richmond Co., Ga. Mr.

440

MEMOIRS OP GEORGIA.

'

:

McMillan is a master Mason, and a leading member of the Methodist church, serv ing as a steward many years.

WILLIS D. RIVERS, merchant, Louisville, Jefferson Co., Ga., son of John F. and Phereby (Howard) Rivers, was born in Jefferson county, Oct 29, 1856.
His father was a prosperous farmer, and devoted his life to his farming interests, serving his fellow-citizens, however, as justice of the peace forty years. Ten chil
dren are the fruit of this marriage: George W., died in Richmond, Va., in 1863, while in the Confederate service; Solomon H., died May 27, 1893; John F., was in the militia service during the war, being too young to enter the army; Thomas
\V.. wholesale grocer, Augusta, Ga.; Albert Preston; Willis David, the subject of this sketch;* Emily, wife of S. A. H. Thompson, Jefferson county; Elizabeth, wife of S. M. McXai, same county; Savannah, wife of Dr. R. T. Barton, Richmond county, Ga.; Dilla F., wife of A. J. Williams, Jefferson county. Mr. Rivers after
receiving a good primary education was prepared for college, but his original
intention was not carried out. Instead in 1880 he entered Moore's Business col lege. Atlanta, from which he graduated the same year. He then taught school
one term, after which he accepted a situation as bookkeeper for Little & Clark, and kept it for ten years, when--in January, 1891--he was elected tax collector of
Jefferson county, and re-elected in 1893 and 1895, each time over the strongest
opponent that the county afforded. Although a stanch democrat, and nominated and elected as such, his popularity drew support from all parties. In 1891 he commenced a general merchandise business with a partner under the firm name of Rivers & Stapleton, the trade growing to very large proportions and proving
profitable. Of genial disposition he is very popular; while his mercantile train ing and strict business methods and accuracy, make him an invaluable public
official. Mr. Rivers is a Knight of Pythias, and a master of finance of the local ledge.

QEORGE WILLIAMS WARREX, judge county court, Louisville, Jefferson Co., Ga., son of Lindsay C. and Julia (Battey) Warren, was born in Augusta,
Ga., Aug. 18, 1851. His paternal grandfather, Benjamin H. Warren, was a native of Virginia, who, when a young man, came to Georgia and became quite wealthy and one of the most prominent citizens of Richmond county. Judge Warren's
father was a leading merchant of Augusta, did a very large business and had also a large plantation interest. He was an active and valued member of the Pres byterian church, and died some years ago; his widow, a revered member of the same church, is still living. They were the parents of eight children, but only three are now living: Fannie, wife of J. H. Wilkins, Waynesboro, Ga.; Thomas H.. merchant, and George Williams, the subject of this sketch. Judge Warren
received his primary education first in the excellent schools in Augusta, and then in Louisville. In 1868 he entered the university of Georgia, Athens, from which he was graduated in 1871. After he graduated he attended the university of Scotland, at Edinburgh, a year, and thence went to Berlin, Germany, and entered the university there, where he remained two years. On his return here he read law under the preceptorship of Hon. J. C. C. Black, now representative from the Tenth congressional district of Georgia, and being admitted to the bar, located
in Jefferson and entered upon the practice of his profession. In 1892 he was elected to represent the Eighteenth senatorial district in the general assembly of
Georgia and was chosen president pro tem. of the senate. In June, 1893, Gov. Xorthen appointed him judge of the county court of Jefferson county, the duties of which he has discharged with distinguiyted ability. In addition he has a very

JOHNSON COUNTY SKETCHES.

441

large planting interest and ranks high as an agriculturist as well as a jurist Judge Warren was married in 1889 to Miss Mattie W. Walton, of Madison, Mor gan Co., Ga., and to them two children have been born: Julia Battey and Mary
Louise. He is an ardent and influential democrat and a member of the Metho dist church.

JOHNSON COUNTY.
THOMAS JEFFERSON ARLINE, merchant, Wrightsville, Johnson Co., Ga., son of Thomas J. and Elizabeth McCauley (Gilbert) Arline, was born in Wash
ington county, Jan. 17, 1865. His paternal great-grandfather was a native Virginian and raised a very large family. His grandparents were Jethro and Eliza beth (Mason) Arline, who had a family of eight children: Thomas J., Henry, who died young; Mary, Sarah, Jane E., Elizabeth, Martha and John M. Arline. Mr. Arline's grandfather was born in Virginia in 1804, was left an orphan when three years old and grew to manhood comparatively uneducated. He left two brothers in Virginia when he came to Georgia and settled in that part of Montgomery (originally Washington) county now included in Johnson county. He was a man of unusual religiosity, open-handed, an uncompromising temperance man, an ex emplary member of the Methodist church and a liberal.contributor to its support and to church building. Mr. Arline's father was born in what is now Johnson county, where he received a fairly good education and afterward clerked for sev eral years and then engaged in farming near Oconee, where he was when the war between the states began. In 1861 he enlisted in the Twelfth Georgia battalion, and after serving three years died in Charleston, S. C., in 1864. His wife was of Scotch-Irish descent, and connected with the Lees and Daniels of Virgina, her father, Drewey Gilbert, being a son of William Gilbert, whose mother was a daughter of Joseph Daniel. Mr. Arline's maternal grandparents were natives of Washington county, Ga., and had but three children, herself and two brothers: Thomas M., who died young, and Mills, who was killed during the war while in the service. To Mr. Arline's parents two children were born, himself and a sister, Mattie McCauley Arline, who married Mr. Daley and lives in Atlanta. Mr. Arline's mother, who was a very pious woman and devoted to Christian work and advancement, died in May, 1865, when he was only three months old. Mr. Arline was raised on the farm and enjoyed very good educational advantages until he was fifteen years of age, when he engaged as a clerk for Dr. G. L. Mason in Washington county, with whom he continued a number of years. He then embarked in business with a Mr. Walker, under the firm name of T. J. Arline & Co., for two years, after which he formed another partnership with Mr. Daley, which continued for six years. He next organized the Arline Mercantile com pany, and two years afterward (Jan. 8, 1895) bought the hardware department and is now engaged in the hardware and grocery business. He has been content to attend strictly to business, taking no part in politics further than casting his vote for such candidates as in his judgment would serve the public interest the best. His fellow-citizens, however, elected him a member of the city council, where he is doing good service, and he is also a trustee of Nannie Lou Warthen college at Wrightsville. Mr. Arline was married Jan. 8, 1885. to Miss Maggie McCord Malpess, daughter of Kinchen and Mrs. Augustus Cummings, of Han-

4*2

MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

cock county, \vho has borne him four children: Walter Thomas, Clarence, Made line and Eva McCauley. Mr. Arline is a royal arch Mason and himself and wife
are working and influential members of the Methodist church, of which he is a steward.

JOHN F. GRAXTHAM, farmer, Wrightsville, Johnson Co., Ga., son of Owen
and Elizabeth (Gaddy) Grantham, was born in North Carolina, Sept. i, 1837. His paternal grandfather, Josiah Grantham, was a native of England and emi
grated to this country before the revolutionary war, through which he served as a soldier in the continental army. He settled in North Carolina, in which state he married happily and became a man of property and prominence,
and himself and wife lived to be very old. His son, Stephen, grandfather of the
subject of this sketch, was born in North Carolina, June 23, 1790, where he grew to manhood, married and spent his life, and raised a family of twelve children, of which Owen was the oldest Mr. Grantham's father (Owen) was born in
Robeson county, June 23, 1812, was raised a farmer and remained one all his life. He was twice married--his first wife being Miss Elizabeth Gaddy, by whom he
had four children: John F., the subject of this sketch; Ann, wife of Elias Mitchell;
S. E., wife of L. R. Daniels, and Catharine Ann, wife of J. D. Rodgers. The mother of these died in 1844, and subsequently he married Miss Abigail Powell, born and raised in Cumberland county, N. C., by whom he had nine children, eight of whom reached maturity. He died June 16, 1882, and himself and wife
were members of the Missionary Baptist church, in which faith they raised their children. Mr. Grantham was raised on the farm, and after attending the county schools finished his education at an academy, after which he went to Louisiana
and engaged in planting. When the war between the states began he enlisted (1861) in Company A, First Mississippi regiment, which became a part of the western army. With his command he bore a part in the battles of Shiloh and
Shelbyville, in which last-named battle he was wounded in the hip by a minie ball, which he keeps as a memento of perils past. He served through the-war, but was at home on leave of absence at the time of the surrender; his command
was at Nashville. He returned to his North Carolina home after the war and
resumed farming. Subsequently he came to Georgia and settled in Mitchell county, still pursuing his original occupation. He remained in Mitchell county
six years, after which he sold out his turpentine business and moved to Macon, in Bibb count}-, Ga., engaging in other business until the present year, when he moved to Johnson count}-, again investing in the turpentine business, which he is now carrying on. For twenty years he has been engaged in the turpentine business, which he has made a splendid success of. He is a wide-awake business man, energetic and enterprising, and takes an interest in everything calculated to
develop the resources of his locality. Mr. Grantham was married in 1866 to Miss Martha E.--born in South Carolina--daughter of John R. and Sarah (Ford) Wat
son, who bore him eight children: Sarah E., Beulah B., Owen W., Alfred P., lawyer: James M., druggist, Albany; Lena M., deceased; Virginia M. and Lillic,
deceased. The mother of these children died in 1883, an exemplary member of
the Baptist church, of which Mr. Grantham is also a communicant.

JOHN F. NORRIS, tax collector, Wrightsville, Johnson Co., Ga., son of
William and Behlison (Powell) Norris, was born in Emanuel (now Johnson) county, Ga., in 1836. His father, of Scotch descent, was born in South Carolina, came to Georgia when eighteen years of age and settled in Emanuel county, where he married. Fifteen children were born to him, of whom thirteen reached

JONES COUNTY SKETCHES.

443

maturity. He had five sons in the Confederate service: Isaac, Benjamin, Jordan, William and James. The two last-named were killed, and Benjamin died in prison while in the service. Of the two survivors Jordan is a Primitive Baptist minister. His wife was a daughter of Benjamin Powell, a member of an old and well-known family, and was born in Georgia. Mr. Xorris' mother died in 1856, and his father died in January, 1874. Mr. Xorris grew to manhood on the farm
and received a very meager education. At the age of eighteen he engaged as a clerk with Mr. W. F. McVeigh, and remained with him three years, when he was elected tax-collector, which office he was re-elected to and held a number of terms. He then formed a partnership under the firm-name of (John B.) \Vright &
Norris, and engaged in a general merchandise business, which continued until the death of his partner, when he closed its affairs. Subsequently he was again elected tax collector, which office he now holds, and which he has held, altogether, twenty-four years. No better evidence could be given in proof of his business capacity, his efficiency and faithfulness, and his popularity than this fact supplies.
In addition to merchandising and holding the office he does, he has continued farming, and now owns and conducts a fine farm, running eight to ten plows. He is a good farmer, as well as a good public officer, prosperous and popular. Mr.
Norris was married in December, 1875, to Miss Etta, daughter of Etta Move, of Washington count}', Ga. Her father died during the civil war while in the service.
To them five children have been born: John B. W., Lizzie D.? deceased; William P., Luella Mabel. Himself and wife are members of the Christian church.

JONES COUNTY.
Q M. ANDERSON, M. D., deceased, son of John C. and Nancy A. Anderson, * was born in Monroe county, Ga., July 5, 1829. The Andersons were origin
ally from Virginia. Dr. Anderson's father came from the Old Dominion to Georgia in the 2o's, and located in Monroe county, where he raised his family. He was accidentally killed. Dr. Anderson grew to manhood in his native county, where he studied medicine, and afterward attended lectures at, and graduated from the Ohio Medical college at Cincinnati. He located in the southwestern portion of Jones county, Ga., where he did an extensive and profitable practice for thirty years. Retiring from active practice about 1886, he removed to Hillsboro, Jasper Co., and devoted the remainder of his days to church and educational work. He died there Jan. 18, 1893. The following is an extract from a voluntary tribute to his memory, prepared and published by a friend: "At the age of fifteen he united with the Missionary Baptist church. When he removed to Hillsboro, there being no church of his order there, he, with a few others, undertook and erected the Baptist church at that place, which now stands near his grave, as a monument to his memory, his devotion to Christ and to the Christian religion. In his death a wife has lost a devoted husband, the children an affectionate father, the county a good citizen and physician, the church a consistent and devoted member, and the masonic fraternity a tried and zealous brother. He has left a valuable legacy to all, in his quiet, orderly, meek, peaceable, hospitable and charitable life." About 1859 Dr. Anderson married Miss Frances A. Alexander, n Jones county, and raised a family of nine children. He was a firm believer in

444

MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

education, and gave his children the best advantages his means would command. J. F. Anderson, Cornucopia, Jones Co., Ga., the eldest son, was graduated at Mercer university, Macon, Ga., in 1881, and, choosing his father's profession,
went to Baltimore, where he graduated in 1885, at the College of Physicians and Surgeons. He succeeded to Iiis father's practice and continued it with skill and profit for several years. His eyesight failing he retired from active practice and is now planting at the old homestead. His popularity with his fellow-democrats
brought him the nomination in 1894 for representative of Jones county, and he is
now sen-ing in that capacity. J. L., the second son, was also graduated at Mercer university, and is a planter on the old homestead. J. W., the third son, after graduating at Mercer university read medicine, then attended lectures at Bellevue Medical college, New York, whence he graduated, and is now located at Clinton, Jones Co., where he is building up an excellent practice. Carola, married F. G. Middlebrook, and now resides at Flovilla, Butts Co.; Mittie is the wife of J.
W. Turner, Hillsboro, Ga.; Lela, Roberta, Eula B. and Marietta, single daughters, are living with their mother at Hillsboro.

JAMES F. BARRON, physician and surgeon, Clinton, Jones Co., Ga., son of William and Elizabeth (Finney) Barren, was born in Jones county, Feb. 10,
1825. Dr. Barren's great-grandfather, Barren, was a native Irishman, who came to this country in colonial days, and settled in Maryland. From Maryland the family moved to Virginia, where the doctor's grandfather, Samuel Barren, mar ried and went to North Carolina, where he lived until about 1792, when he migrated to Georgia, and settled in Hancock county. In 1809 his grandfather moved into Jones county, then just organized, and settled about six miles north of what is now Clinton, the county seat Of eleven children born to him all are dead. Dr. Barren's father was born in Hancock county, and married in Jones, where he lived and died. He was the father of eight children: Mary, widow of William Morris, Jones county; James F., the subject of this sketch; John W., died in California; William G-, deceased; Abington, died in Camp Douglas, 111., Dec. 29, 1864; Joanna, widow of Dr. Austin, Fort Valley, Ga.; Robert H., Macon, Ga.: and Andrew J., died in the army of disease, July 2, 1862. He was elected a captain of militia when it was regarded a distinction, and was also elected sheriff, served several years, and was sen-ing as such at the time of his death, Dec. 21, 1836: his widow died, Feb. II, 1848. Dr. Barren, being the eldest son, and only eleven years old when his father died, had to assume grave responsibilities, and enter upon the battle of life when young. He went to school, and taught, alter nately, until he acquired a fair education. He then studied medicine, and, when twenty-seven years of age, graduated from the medical department, university of New York. He located the same year in Clinton, where he has since resided. When the war between the states began, he volunteered, but yielding to the importunities of friends, remained at home for the benefit of soldiers' families, and practiced for them without compensation during the war. When twenty-one lie was elected justice of the peace--no unmeaning or insignificant compliment. In 1855 he was elected as a democrat to represent the county one term in the general assembly. In 1858 he was elected a justice of the inferior court, and held the office fifteen years. In 1867 he was elected judge of the county court, but resigned in a fe\v months. Dr. Barren was married in 1853, in Jasper county, to Miss Joanna
E. Shropshire, who has borne him six children: James H., farmer, Jasper county; William W.. clerk superior court, Jones county: Jackson C. judge Tones county court: A. B. L.. teacher. Clinton: Sallie E., single; Robert E., phvsician. Macon. Ga. Dr. Barren i? an uncompromising democrat, and a master Mason:

JONES COUNTY SKETCHES.

445

and that he enjoys the respect and confidence of his fellow-citizens is evidenced by his election to office, and his being continued so long in any he would accept.

LTENRY S. GREAVES, United States deputy collector, Clinton, Jones Co., Ga.,
son of Joseph D. and Mary (Shorter) Greaves, was born in Crawfordsville, Taliaferro Co., Ga., April 17, 1830. His father was born and reared at Murfreesboro, Tenn., came to Georgia when a young man and settled in Taliaferro
county, where he married his wife. Mr. Greaves' grandfather on his mother's side, Henry Shorter, was a member of the family of that name so distinguished for eminent public services in Georgia and Alabama, he having been a brother of Dr. Reuben Shorter, father of the late ex-Gov. John Gill Shorter, and ex-Congressman
Eli Shorter, of Alabama. Mr. Greaves' father was a successful planter and specu lator, and left a fine estate. He died in Barbour county, Ala., in 1840; and his
wife died in 1858, in Fairburn, Ga. They raised a family of nine children: Sarah (deceased); Virginia (deceased); Henry S., the subject of this sketch; Henrietta, widow of Mr. McRae, Henderson county, Texas; Frank (deceased); Reuben (deceased); Joseph (deceased); Cornelia, widow of Richard Hustings, Macon,
Ga.; and Mary (deceased). Before he died Mr. Greaves removed his family to Bar bour county, Ala. In 1850 they returned to Clinton, to their old Georgia home
--so that Mr. Greaves was raised and educated partly in Alabama and partly in Georgia. His introduction to practical business life was as a clerk in a store in Eufaula, Ala.; his fixed life business until 1862 was farming. That year he enlisted in Anderson's battery of artillery as a private, which command was
assigned to the western army, reaching it in time to participate in the battle of Murfreesboro. Before and after that battle he accompanied Gen. N. B. Forrest in some of his raids. He was at the second Fort Donelson fight, the battles oi Lookout Mountain, Chickamauga, Missionary Ridge, and then in front of Gen. Sherman between Chattanooga and Atlanta, and in his "march through Georgia." He had a horse shot under him and holes shot through his clothes at Fort Donelson, and holes through his hat at Atlanta, but received not a scratch
on his body. He was with the forces surrendered at Greensboro, X. C.
During his service he was promoted to a first lieutenancy. After the war he engaged in farming; also clerked for Juhan & Clower, and managed the
merchandise business of Peter L. Clower until his death. In 1868-69 he was elected tax collector for Jones county, and held the office of county treasurer for sixteen years--until he would serve no longer. In 1893 he received the appoint ment of deputy collector Sixth division, United States internal revenue service, with
headquarters at Macon. Mr. Greaves was married Dec. 3, 1857, to Miss Martha, daughter of Thomas W. and Pollie Stewart of Jones county,' who has borne him the following children: Annie S., wife of James A. Stewart, Clinton, Ga., drum
mer for Adam Watson & Co., Macon, Ga.; Frank H. (deceased); and H. Clower (.deceased). Frank H. Greaves (deceased), son of Mr. Greaves, was a young man of remarkable intellectual capacity, intense religious sentiment, and other promi
nent interesting characteristics, giving promise of a most brilliant future. He
had been educated at Mercer university, and in his sophomore year won the "black medal" for declamation; and as a junior was given a speaker's place. The spring
before he would have graduated he, through Congressman Blount, was appointed to a West Point cadetship. After two months' preliminary instruction he went
to West Point, but at the end of six months resigned and returned home on account of protracted sickness. On his recovery he accepted the position of
bookkeeper for C. B. Willingham, warehouseman, Macon. Ga., which he held
until his last sickness. He was attacked by typhoid fever, and wasting slowly

446

MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

away died Dec. 21, 1885, in the twenty-fourth year of his age. He was an excep-

f

tionally devout member of the Baptist church, conspicuous for his deep piety, his

I

observance of every Christian duty, and the ordinances of his church. He devel-

?

oped intellectual ability and spiritual gifts of a high order, and was publicly Zeal-

1i,

ously active in all denominational and Christian work.

JAMES HURT, planter, Blountville, Jones Co., Ga., son of William and Lucy

;

(Turner) Hurt, was born in Warren county, Ga., June 2,1828. His grandfather,

Elisha Hurt, came from Virginia to Georgia, and settled in Warren county the

latter part of the last century--where he raised his family. Mr. Hurfs father

^

passed most of his life in that county; but late in life he moved into western

t

Georgia, and ultimately to Russell county, Ala. He was killed in 1844 by the fall-

I

ing of a tree while on a visit to his old home in Warren. His wife died in 1833.

t

He was a man of considerable wealth when he died, but it was lost by misman-

*:

agement They reared seven children: Elisha; George T.; Benjamin Joel; Eliza-

f

beth, Mrs. Miller, Rockdale county, Ga.; James, the subject of this sketch;



Xancy (deceased); and William (deceased). George T. and Benjamin were mem-

\

bers of Cobb's legion, and were killed in the war. Mr. Hurt received a very fair

*

education, and when beginning life for himself embarked in a general merchan

dise business in the northeastern part of Jones county, in 1852. He did a pros

perous business there until it was interrupted by the "unpleasantness" of 1861. He

enlisted in the state troops, and served at different times and places; was at the

br.ttle of Griswoldville. Since the war he has confined himself to farming, of

"'

which he has made a success, as his nice home and pleasant surroundings amply

f

testify. Mr. Hurt was married in 1858 to Miss Mary, daughter of Gary and Leah

j

Davison. They have had but one child, Ida L., who married a Mr. Wagnon, now

!'.

dead, and the widowed daughter and her little daughter, Alline, are with "the old

'

folks at home." Mr. Hurt belongs to the democracy, and has been a member of

the county executive committee. He is also a member of the Methodist church.

The Hurts are an aggressively progressive family, a representative type of which

is the dashing and daring electric street railway and real estate operator in Atlanta

--Joel Hurt. It will be observed that one of Mr. Hurfs brothers bore the same

name, which would indicate blood relationship.

Q W. F. M'KAY, planter and mechanic, Plenitude, Jones Co., Ga., son of Hugh

;.

* and Sarah (Dixon) McKay, was born in Jones county, July 4, 1828. His

father was a native of the Hebrides islands (off the west coast of Scotland), where

this branch of the McKay family had lived for generations, and came to America,

a nine-year-old orphan boy, in 1773. He/had relatives in Wilmington, N. C., who

raised him to manhood. In 1811 he married Isabella McQueen, by whom he had

six children. In 1823, having lost his wife, he came with his family to Georgia

and settled in Bibb county. There he married Miss Sarah Dixon, by whom he

had three children: Hugh Dixon (deceased); G. W. F., the subject of this sketch,

and an infant, unnamed. About 1826 he settled the place where G. W. F. now

lives, and where he died, May 21, 1839. He was a whig in politics, and a man of

great energy and perseverance. Mr. McKay, the only surviving member of the

family, has passed his life at the old homestead where he was born. On Oct.

16, 1849, he was married to Susan A., daughter of Henry and Nancy Finney--a

native of Jones county, by whom he has had eight children: Alexander H. S.,

Clinton, Ga.; Henry A., Jones county; Hugh D. (deceased); Annie L. (deceased),

wife of C. L. McCarty, Jones county; William Lee, Macon, Ga.; Jeff Davis;

Henrietta D., died in infancy; Sarah J., died in infancy. Mr. McKay's mother

JONES COUNTY SKETCHES.

447

died in 1863. He has never sought office, but such is his popularity that the people elected him twice to represent Jones county in the general assembly--
1882-83, and 1892-93. He was the author of the act requiring the signatures of three-fifths of the voters to a petition for holding an election on the sale of intoxi
cants in a county. Mr. McKay is unusually well informed, is enterprising and progressive, and possesses great versatility intellectually. He takes great pride
in his children and took the deepest in their education. The intelligent and wise foresight of this is demonstrated by the estimation in which they are held, and
their positions in professional and business circles. One son, Alexander H. S., is .county school commissioner, one of the most efficient in the state; and another,
Hugh D., after graduating in medicine at Bellevue Hospital Medical college in 1883, returned to his native county and practiced five years--until 1888--when
he died; in the meantime building a reputation for ability and skill not surpassed
by any equally young practitioner in the state, giving great promise of future pro fessional distinction; and establishing a large and lucrative practice. Mr. McKay
owns a fine 2,7oo-acre plantation; is a democrat; is a Knight Templar Mason--
for years presiding over the master's lodge; and himself and wife are ardent and zealous working Methodists.

M OUGHON. This is a name that will be recognized by citizens of middle Geor
gia as belonging to one of the old aristocratic families whose wealth and
position in old slavery days were of the highest. The present representative of the family is Col. W. S. Moughon, a planter of Jones county, residing four miles
north of Haddock. His father, Thomas Moughon, was a Virginian by birth, who, coming to Baldwin county, Ga., wooed and won Miss Mary G. Sanford, a mem ber of another of the old aristocratic families of the state. The greater part of their
lives was passed in Jones county, where the fine old plantation home still stands,
and where a family of four children were raised: Thomas (now deceased); Maria (deceased), wife of Jere Bell; Henrietta, who married Joseph Bond, known as
the wealthiest planter in middle Georgia before the war. After his death she
married Mr. Charles L. Nelson, and is again a widow, residing in Louisville, Ky. The fourth and youngest child was W. S., the subject of this sketch. The thrift and energy of the father of this family resulted in the accumulation of a vast estate
in lands and negroes. He was a man of varied attainments, and was honored repeatedly by his fellow-citizens by his election to represent the county in the general assembly. W. S. Moughon was born in Jones county, Nov. 2, 1825, and was raised with all the advantages that wealth could command. He was educated at Mercer university, and assuming control of the estate after the death of his father has devoted his attention to planting exclusively. He has, however, been honored with political position, having represented Jones county twice, and Bibb
county once in the general assembly. Col. Moughon's first marriage occurred in Columbia county, in 1847, when he wedded Miss Parthenia Ramsey, to whom twins were born--Emily J., widow of Alien Holt, Jones county, and Elizabeth S., wife of R. M. Bazemore, of Dalton, Ga. Mrs. Moughon died just after the war, and Col. Moughon contracted a second marriage, which was celebrated July 22, 1868, at the famous watering place, Saratoga, N. Y-, the bride being Miss Alice
K. Wyche of Macon, Ga., who has since presided at his home. Mrs. Moughon was a daughter of Ainsley H. and Harriet (Sullivan) Wyche, a family of English descent, reputed to have been connected with Lord Sterling. Her father^was born and raised in South Carolina. He came to Georgia while a young man "and married his wife in Macon. He became an extensive cotton broker there, and also attained to celebrity as a writer on political subjects, and other topics of gen eral interest. At the time of her marriage Mrs. Moughon was regarded as one

I

448

MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

of Ihe most versatile and beautiful women in middle Georgia, and she has lost
none of that charming vivaciousness and piquancy which made her so attractive and popular. The following named bright and beautiful children grace the family circle of this delightful home, the two oldest daughters being worthy representa tives of their charming mother: W. S-, a broker in Birmingham, Ala.; Hattie G.;
L. Jordan; Gordon W.; Villette S.; Thomas; Clifford, and Ruth.

CDMOXD T. MpRTON, planter, Morton's Station, Jones Co., Ga., son of Oliver H. and Catharine (Harris) Morton, was born in Jones county, Jan. 27, 1830.
His great-grandfather, Oliver H. Morton, was a native of Boston, Mass., was a
soldier in the revolutionary war, and made a prisoner and carried to England. He escaped from confinement, and during his wanderings afterward traveled nearly
all over Ireland. He finally came to North Carolina, where he married a Miss
Everett, in Ashe county. He followed the sea about twenty-eight years, and then
settled down as a planter. He migrated from North Carolina to Georgia about 1807 and settled in Jones county, between one and two miles from Clinton, the
county seat, where he died at the advanced age of ninety-eight years. Mr. Morton's grandparents passed their lives on this original plantation, and reared quite a large family there. His father was born in 1804 in North Carolina and married Miss
Harris, born in Edgefield district, South Carolina, whence her family came about 1812. To them were born the following children: Franklin, deceased; Lavinia, deceased; Thomas, deceased; Edmond, planter, Jones county; William, deceased;
Sarah, Mrs. Sydney Bryan, Putnam county; Minerva, Mrs. Pope, of Louisiana; Edmond T., the subject of this sketch; Cynthia, Mrs. Bazemore, Taylor county, Ga.; Man-, Mrs. Cobb, Laurens count}', Ga.; and Catharine, Mrs. Wright, Jones
county. Mr. Morton had no aspirations for public life, belonged to the old whig
party, and felt only the interest in the government of a plain citizen. Himself and wife were members of the Primitive Baptist church. Mrs. Morton died in 1876,
and Mr. Morton in 1891, aged eighty-eight years. Mr. Morton has made farming
the business of his life, and has no record to speak of aside from that He enlisted
in 1862 in a cavalry company (Company E), commanded by Capt Dunlap, of Macon, Ga., as a private, and saw service in South Carolina and Virginia. He
came out of the war some $6,000 in debt, but now has three plantations of 1,200, 700
and 428 acres respectively, all model farms in every respect His home place, 1,200 acres, is said to be one of the choicest farms in Jones county. He runs twenty-seven
plows. He has paid the money he owed and bought these farms and the stock on
them since the war, and, to use his own expression, he has "dug it all out of the ground." He is undoubtedly one of the best farmers in the state. There are sev
eral brothers, and all of them have very fine plantations, and are known in that section as the "thrifty Morions." William, who died a year or two ago, had the
finest plantation home in the state. Mr. Morton was married in 1861 to Mrs. Adaline Moore, daughter of Herrington Patterson, Jones county, by whom he has had two children: Edmund P., Morton Station, Ga., and Addie Kale, wife of Homer John
son, who, \vilh her husband, son of Judge Johnson, of Clinton, makes her home
with her parenls, who dote on her. She is said to possess a lovable disposition
and many charming traits of character, a model daughter and wife, and entirely
worthy of all the affection bestowed upon her by her parents.

LI B. RIDLEY, planter, Cornucopia, Jones Co., Ga., son of Dr. Charles L. and Susan Ann (Bonner) Ridley, was born in Hancock county, Ga., Oct. 21, 1828.
His grandfather, Dr. James Ridley, was an eminent physician in Oxford, Granville Co., N. C-, where he died. Four of his sons came to Georgia, and all became prom
inent in the several localities in which they lived. His father, Dr. Charles L. Ridley,

JONES COUNTY SKETCHES.

449

born July 5, 1802, was a well-educated man, a skillful physician, who practiced in Hancock and Jasper counties and amassed quite a fortune. He was a whig in politics,
very prominent in public affairs, and was a member of the convention which adopted the ordinance, of secession, against which he voted. He married Miss Bonner, who was of Scotch descent, in Hancock county, where she was born and reared. They had
three sons who grew to manhood: James B., a physician, who, enlisting in the
Confederate service, was appointed surgeon of the Thirty-second Georgia regiment, and died in 1862 of typhoid fever; H. B., the subject of this sketch, and Robert B., farmer, who died in 1863. Dr. Ridley died in April, 1873. CapL Ridley arrived
at manhood in Jones county, and has been a planter all his life. He settled his plantation, 3,000 acres, in 1851. When hostilities began he raised a company (Company B, Thirty-second Georgia regiment), and was made its captain. In
1861 they were stationed a short time near Savannah, in the state service, then transferred to the regular service, and served through the war, surrendering in North Carolina. In 1875 ne was elected to represent Jones county in the general
assembly one term, and in 1884-85 he represented the Twenty-first senatorial dis
trict in the same body. Capt. Ridley is a quite important factor in county poli tics, being exceptionally well informed and a shrewd politician. He has been a
member of the democratic state executive committee, and chairman of the county executive committee repeatedly. In 1849 he was married in Bertie county, N. C.,
to Miss Mary E., daughter of Thomas Speller. They have no children, but have reared a niece, Lillie Watson, his wife's sister's daughter, now a charming and
accomplished young lady, whose mother is also a member of the household. Capt.
Ridley is a fine type of the old-time country gentleman; has his blooded horses, his broad acres of fertile lands yielding abundantly, and the entire household being
good musicians, he entertains most royally. He is an uncompromising democrat
and a master Mason.

I SKETOE, farmer, Griswoldville, Jones Co., Ga., son of Gary and Rachel (Campbell) Sketoe, was born in Darlington district, S. C., Oct. 27, 1831. His
grandfather, John Sketoe, was a native Spaniard who first came to North Carolina, moved then to South Carolina with his family, and lived there until he died. Gary, his son, was reared and married in South Carolina, whence he came to Wilkinson county, Ga., in 1837. Three years thereafter he removed to Twiggs county, where he remained one year, and then moved into Jones county, where he died in 1870. His wife died in 1868. They reared to maturity but two children out of ten boys
born: William, who died of disease while a soldier in the armv of Virginia during the war, and the subject of this sketch. Mr. Sketoe was reared a farmer in Jones county, which has been his principal pursuit through life. Just after the war, how ever, until 1872, he followed railroading. In the fall of that year he bought a 340-
acre farm, about twelve miles from Macon, near Griswoldville, and has resided there since, and placed himself in comfortable circumstances with a good home, and esteemed by all his neighbors. Mr. Sketoe was married in January, 1860, to Miss Mary Brewer, who bore him two children: William D., railroad contractor, and Cornelia G., wife of William Balkcom, Jones county. The mother of these children died in 1870. In 1872 Mr. Sketoe married Mrs. Alice (Tarver) Alford, who had three children by her former husband: A. O., deceased; Ava, wife of Henry Mor gan, Savannah, Ga., and Alice, deceased. Two children are the offspring of this second marriage: Lela R., wife of Alonzo Balkcom, Jones county, and Thomas L., a bright and very promising thirteen-year-old boy, of fine mental endowments and decidedly literary in his tastes. Mrs. Sketoe died May 4, 1891. Mr. Sketoe is an ardent populist, a master Mason and a Methodist.
11-29

450

MEMOIRS OP GEORGIA.

I EOXIDAS SMITH, planter, Blountsville, Jones Co., Ga., son of John T. and
Elizabeth Frances (Key) Smith, was born in Jones county, Dec. 17, 1840. His father, John T. Smith, was born in Weldon, Ar. C., where he lived until he was nine teen years of age, when he and an older brother, Lovid, early in the 3o's, came to
Jones county, Ga. About two years after he came to Georgia, March 12, 1835, he married Miss Key. Of the children born to him by her the following are living:
Amanda, Mrs. Jeremiah Miller, Jones counts', Ga.; Leonidas, the subject of this sketch; Robert, planter, Jones.county, and John H., Orange county, Fla. The
mother of these having died Mr. Smith married for his second wife Miss Carrie C. Clark, of Houston county, Ga., who survives him. The children born to him by
this marriage, now living, are these: Benjamin T., Jones county; Sarah F., wife of Col. Green, of Hancock county, Ga., and William A., Jones county. Mr. Smith, who politically was a democrat, and religiously a Baptist, died April 13, 1873. Mr. Smith has spent his life in planting, and has been successful. In addition to
an i,8oo-acre plantation near Blountsville, Jones county, he has other plantations in Putnam county, Ga. In 1861 he enlisted as a private in Company B, Twelfth Georgia regiment He was in the seven days' fight and the second Manassas, in which he was wounded in the left arm. He returned home, and was not again in
the regular service. He was elected sheriff of the county in 1868, and served four years. Mr. Smith was married in Jones county to Miss Mary A. M. Tufts, April 14,
1870, who has borne him ten children: Tallulah, wife of Charles Farrar, Jones county, Ga.; Sarah J.; William; Mamie Lee; John T.; Fannie; Laura Belle; Gaude; Virgil, and Colton. Mr. Smith is a democrat and a master Mason.

DOBERT J. SMITH, planter, Round Oak, Jones Co., Ga., son of Robert J, and Sarah T. (O'Bryan) Smith, was born in Floyd county, Va., Aug. 8, 1837. His
grandfather, William D. Smith, was of English extraction, was an officer in the
revolutionary army six years, and then fought the Indians three years. He was a large and handsome man, and after he left the military service became a Methodist preacher. When Mr. Smith was eight years old his father, who was a planteV, removed from Virginia to Bradley county, Tenn. There they reared a family of
five children: William D., who was a Methodist preacher, deceased; Charles H., deceased; Robert J., the subject of this sketch; Mattie, wife of L. J. Hughes, Brad ley county, Tenn., and Susan C., who died when twelve years of age. Mrs. Smith
died in 1861, and Mr. Smith died in 1873. Mr. Smith was educated at and was graduated from Hiwassee college, Tenn., in 1862, with the degree of A. B., and later received the degree of A. M. He was physically unable to participate in the
war, so between the ages of eighteen and twenty-four he taught and attended school alternately. In 1862 he left Tennessee and came to Murray county, Ga., where he taught school one year, and then went to Putnam county, where he taught until 1875. He then farmed until 1877, when he located on a plantation of 2,000 acres. He has neither sought nor held any public office, devoting his time exclusively to his extensive planting interests, excepting two years he served on the democratic exec utive committee for the county. As a teacher he was popular and successful,
being well educated and well read and of an unusually impressive presence and personality. Mr. Smith was married Dec. 14, 1875, to Miss Sallie M., daughter of Benjamin and Sallie (Shropshire) Barron, one of the wealthiest and most influential families in that section, Mr. Barron having represented the county in the general assembly. His children all occupy a fine social position. Mr. Smith has had but one child born to him, Sallie B., who died when seven years of age. Mr. Smith is a democrat, a royal arch Mason and a Methodist; is a steward of the church in
his community. He has a beautiful home and takes great pride in keeping it in good order.

LAURENS COUNTT SKETCHES.

.451

\^ILLIAMS. Of the many old and honorable families in Jones county none can point to a clearer record than this. For many years they have
patiently tilled the generously yielding soil in the northeastern portion of Jones
county, bearing the honorable distinction of "model" farmers. John Williams, the grandfather of the subject of this sketch, was a Virginian of Welsh-Irish descent, who moved with his family to Warren county, Ga., in the latter part of the last century. He raised a family of four boys and six girls. Only one of this family is now living--Mr. John Williams, eighty-two years of age. The other three lived to a ripe old age and raised families. Samuel and Henry became more or less prominent in politics, having been members of the general assembly
from their different counties. The mother of the family was Mary Childers. The other son, Thomas Williams, was born and raised on the plantation in Putnam county, where his only son, John T. Williams, now resides. June 7, 1840,
he married Samantha E. Dismuke, who survives him, he having departed this
life Sept. 2,1881. They raised the following named children: Marietta, deceased; Martha D., Mrs. Wesley G. Kimbro, Putnam county, Ga.; Ann Eliza, deceased
wife of Dr. Clark; Ophelia, wife of J. J. Pelot, Atlanta; Euzenia, wife of Hon. A. D. Candler, secretary of state of Georgia; John T., the subject of this sketch; Florence Elizabeth, wife of Irby G. Scott, Putnam county, Ga.; Alice, wife of Willis T. Price, Macon, Ga. The father of this family was a careful, thrifty and industrious man, who started early in life with comparatively nothing and accu
mulated a large property. Disinclined to public life, he devoted himself to the cultivation and improvement of his plantation. He stood high in the estimation
of his neighbors and was a worthy citizen in every respect John Tom Williams, as he is familiarly called, the only son of the above, now lives on the old planta tion where he was born. He is a farmer and nothing else--his laudable ambition
being to sustain the family record in the line of good farming, and the farm he manages will compare favorably with the most excellent in Jones and the sur rounding counties. He is worthily filling the place vacated by his father. Before the alliance went into politics he was an ardent and prominent member. In 1889, when the Central railway proposed to give a free trip to Ohio to a body of editors and a representative farmer from each congressional district, Mr. Williams was selected to represent the sixth--a significant compliment. He went, and was gone three weeks. The trip and experience are an ever green spot in his lifehistory. Dec. 10, 1879, Mr. Williams was married to Miss Annie R., youngest daughter of Maj. Ben Barron, who has borne him five children: John T., Jr.,
died when two years old; Annie E., Alice O., Walter B., and John T., Jr.

LAURENS COUNTY.
QAPT. R. C. HENRY, vice-president of the Dublin Banking company, Dublin, Ga., is the leading spirit of his little enterprising city, and has behind him a
long and interesting career. He is the son of Neal and Ann (Bouhan) Henry, and was born in North Carolina, April 28, 1838. His father was a prominent planter of that state, where he died; his mother is still surviving at an advanced age. Capt Henry is one of those gentlemen to whom can be justly applied that honorable term, "a self-made man." Of humble but honest parentage, he was at eighteen without capital and with but little education. Having been reared in

h^
I

452

MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

the Cape Fear river country, his first efforts were enlisted in the boating industry, on a very humble scale at first, it is true, but with a spirit and energy which soon mended his fortunes. In these early efforts he was associated with his brother, who died during the first year of the war. By the time the war was in progress he had become master of a small river steamer which he owned and which he frequently placed at the disposal of the new Confederacy, of which he was an ardent supporter. Most of his boating at that period was done between Fayetteville and Wilmington. After the war he became identified with the agricul tural interests of his section, being connected somewhat also with mercantile life. But the river life had so impressed him that he soon again invested his earnings in a vessel, which he commanded until his removal to Dublin, in October, 1874. When Capt. Henry came to Dublin he had not yet accumulated much, save a rich experience, which he forthwith began to make available in establishing the boating industry from Dublin to the ocean, confining his personal efforts to the Oconee river. His connection with the Central railroad at its point of crossing the river
gave him a large frieght and passenger trade, and for a number of years he continued a prosperous business. Upon the building of the W. & T. railroad into Dublin the business was somewhat curtailed, but he still continued to do well on the lower part of the river. In 1890 he became interested in the present banking venture and sold out his river business. In "all and singular" of these enterprises Capt. Henry has conducted them on the policy of "live and let live," and enjoys the reputation of being honest and square in all his dealings. Capt. Henry is a veteran of the late war, having enlisted in Company A, of the Third North Carolina cavalry (Baninger's brigade), in 1861, as a private. He was in numerous engagements, the hottest one being at Five Forks; he was also present at the siege of Fort Fisher. The captain's marriage occurred in North Carolina in 1879 to Louisa, daughter of John Bannerman, and who now presides over his pleasant home. In religious belief he is a Presbyterian, and in politics a stanch democrat.

r*APT. HARDY SMITH, the popular ordinary of Laurens county, whose pub lic life has been continuous since January, 1866, was born in this county
Get 24, 1841. He is a grandson of Hardy Smith, who helped achieve the inde pendence of the colonies, and after the revolutionary war with his family left North Carolina and migrated to Georgia, settling on the Oconee river, where he cleared up a "patch" and established a rude home. One of the sons was given his own name, and married Ann, daughter of Gaillard Anderson, who was originally from North Carolina, a pioneer settler of Laurens county, Ga., and in time a large land and slave holder. The children of this marriage were: Hardy, Lafton L., Rachel E., Rebecca, Daniel A., Henry P. and Ann Eliza. Attending the common schools of the day until he was prepared to enter the university, Capt Hardy became a matriculate at Athens, with the intention of securing a collegiate education. But the war breaking out at this, for him, inopportune time, he left school--not again to return--to become a soldier. Enlisting in that famous organization, the Blackshear guards, at the age of nineteen years, he became by election second lieutenant of Company H, of the Fourteenth Regimental Georgia volunteers. During service he was promoted to the captaincy, in which position he led his company at the battle of Mechanicsville, where he was severely wounded in the right arm by a ball constructed so as to explode when coming in contact with the bone. The ultimate result of this wound was the amputation of that member, the empty sleeve being an ever-present badge of honor, testifying to the loyalty and valor of its owner. This battle occurred June 26, 1862. After

LAURENS COUNTY SKETCHES.

453

his recovery Capt. Smith rejoined his regiment and in 1864 was placed on the
retired list and appointed to the position of enrolling officer of the Fifth congres sional district, with headquarters at Augusta, Ga. He held this office during the
continuance of the war. Returning home, Capt. Smith was, in 1866, elected clerk of the superior court of Laurens county, and held that office continuously until 1893, when he was elected to his present position. During fourteen years of his
service as clerk the captain was by virtue of office also county treasurer. No word of comment is needed here concerning Capt. Smith's ability or his popularity,
when both have been so frequently passed upon by friends and neighbors. He is a man of the people and of great public spirit He was one of the original stockholders of the Macon & Dublin railroad, now Macon, Dublin & Savannah railroad, was for several years its treasurer, and is now secretary of the board of
directors. The nuptials of Capt. Smith were celebrated Nov. 21, 1867, Ella Few, daughter of Dr. Tillman and Phoebe (Charlton) Douglas, of Burke county, be coming his wife. A large family of sons and daughters have been born to this
union, who are taking their places in the world creditable and respected citizens. The following are those living: Claudie E., Mrs. W. C. Bishop, Arthur Peyton, Annie D., Selaid, Nina Charlton, Hardy, Jr., Tillman Douglas, Gussie Lester and Helen Few. Capt. Smith is, of course, a stanch democrat, and is a prominent member of the Methodist church.

JOHN B. WOLFE was born in Dublin, Ga., Oct. 7, 1838, and is the son of C. B. and Rebecca Wolfe, both of whom were natives of North Carolina. The
mother having died when he was only a few weeks old, he was left to the care of relatives. His boyhood days were passed on a plantation, where he received a common school education. His higher education was received at the university of Georgia and university of South Carolina. At the opening of the war he enlisted as a private in the Fifty-seventh Georgia, Company I, but was made second lieutenant early in the service, and served in that capacity until the close of the war. He was at Baker's creek, surrender of Vicksburg, and that fiercest of all battles of the war, Jonesboro. In 1864 he was elected justice of the inferior court; he returned home and served in that position till the law was passed abolishing the court. He also practiced law for some time, having been admitted to the bar prior to the war. From 1870 till 1876 he held the office of ordinary of the county, at the same time being engaged in farming and mer chandising. In 1882 the people of the county showed their appreciation of good service rendered and elected Mr. Wolfe to the legislature, where he served them one term. Married to Mary L., daughter of Dr. Lillman Douglas, of Wilkes county, he became the father of the following children: Mrs. Dr. Walton, Mrs. George Wright, J. A. Wolfe, farmer, Mary, Eva G., Arthur M. and Thomas Lawson, at home. Although Mr. Wolfe is practically retired from business, he holds the office of justice of the peace. Mr. Wolfe is a master Mason, a Baptist in
faith and in politics a good democrat.

F

454

MEMOIRS OP GEORGIA.

LEE COUNTY.

1 P. GALLOWAY, merchant, Leesburg, Lee Co., is a son of C. B. and Anna

!

J * V. (Jones) Calloway. Mr. .Calloway was born Nov. 2, 1851, and attended

;

the common schools, after which he was graduated at Mercer university, Macon,

Ga. In 1881 he established the business he at present conducts. From a modest

I

beginning he has developed it into the largest enterprise in Leesburg. Mr.

J

Calloway is also a large planter and fruit grower, and owns a magnificent orchard,

j

besides 4,000 acres of highly cultivated land, and a large stock farm. Mr. Callo-

|

way was united in marriage April 30, 1895, to Miss Mamie, daughter of D. T.

Sawyer. Mr. Calloway is a member of the Baptist church, and Mrs. Calloway is

f

a member of the Methodist church: and both are very popular in social circles.

f

DHIL COOK, JR., Leesburg, Lee Co., Ga., is the only living son of the late

Gen. Phi! Cook, secretary of state, a full biography of whom appears elsewhere

in these Memoirs. He was born in Macon, Bibb Co., Ga., Dec. 25, 1859. The

first seven years of his school life were spent under the efficient tutelage of ex-

Gov. W. J. Xorthen. Entering the state university in 1874, he continued there

two years, and then went to Georgetown college, District of Columbia, where he

graduated in the classical course in 1878. Entering the office of Judge Sam

Lumpkin at Lexington, Ga., as a student, he was admitted to the bar in the

following year, and for two years took up the duties of the legal profession. In

1881 he left the forum and became a "knight of the grip," traveling for the York

Manufacturing company of York, Pa., iron and steel goods. His sales for this

firm were of such satisfactory nature that they kept him in their employ for seven

years. Finding a change of occupation to his best interest, he came to Lee county

and began the cultivation of his father's plantation, and is now a full-fledged

agriculturist In 1879 ne was wedded to Miss Minnie Lee Shackleford, daughter

of C. W. Shackleford of Charleston, S. C. They have become the parents of an

interesting family of children, as follows: Sallie G., Philip, Jr., Charles A. and

Arthur. Mr. Cook is a worthy son of a man whom all Georgians loved and

revered.

JOHN TYLER FERGUSON, a progressive planter and representative of Lee county, Ga., postoffice Ferguson, is of Scotch extraction, and was born in
Chester district, S. C., July 5, 1844. His great-grandfather was the original Scotchman, settling in North Carolina, where he reared a large family of sons
and daughters. William G., one of the sons, was born in 1811, and died in 1866. He was a fanner and served quite a period as government Indian agent in Florida, where he moved in 1846, and where he died. John T. Ferguson, his son, was given such education as he could secure after crops were laid by and by walking some six miles each day, but it was limited. Being of stout frame, he was
mustered into the army in 1862, in the Sixth Florida volunteers, and served till the siege of Atlanta, in 1864, during which he was captured by the enemy out on what is now Peachtree street. He was carried to Camp Chase, Ohio, where he
remained until March, 1865, at which time he received his exchange and returned home. After the war he settled in Jackson county, Fla., where he farmed until 1872, thence to his present location in northeastern Lee county, where he has bought an i,8oo-acre plantation, and where he still resides, engaged in farming

LEE COUNTY SKETCHES.

455

and merchandising. of Mountville Ray of

He was married Feb. Alabama, who died in

19, 1868, to Miss Mary E., 1882, leaving four children:

daughter George

Robert, born Jan. 8,1869; 1876, and Edward Stanley, ried Miss Sallie, daughter

John Q., born Oct. born May i, 1880. of Jacob Cobb, of

10, 1872; Minnie B., born Feb. i, Mr. Ferguson subsequently mar Sumter county, Ga., who is the

mother of the William, born

following children: Mary April u, 1891. While Mr.

Helen, born Aug. 15, 1884, and Frank Ferguson is not a politician in the sense

generally meant by that term, he has always evinced a deep interest government, and has given his voice and influence to securing good

in good men for

twpchouheubelnnhitc,orynionofvfrio,1ct8eew.9r2a,asTnahtdreimuhdmaoenlpdmhwohacanimrstalytniiceneelptdehaecerdtteyrdwanhhakaonssdcofoosfuuetlrnhdvdeecdiponamirnhtmyimt,ahneMdartw.sthtForeoenfrcoggolulnossfwuoidpnienpngwocraetsseeros,gsfiiavotnhendnes

with such re-elected

satisfaction by a good

as to make him the logical candidate in majority. Mr. Ferguson is a free and

1894, when he was accepted Mason of

lodge No. 361, in which he has held various offices.

\A^ILLIAM E. GILL, planter, Leesburg, Lee Co., Ga., is one of the oldest

1846.

residents He is,

of of

his section, having course, an authority

fanned continuously in the county since on everything pertaining to planting in

sbmooaurknthisnwhgeohsrtitslyGobepoeifnrogioriaen,tdhthoeeusbtsaluytecvcweaslaussaawbdlhemi.cihttMehdre.toGhaitlhsleaisluwnaainoyanst,ihvJaeando.fo3Mn0,1oh8nis1ro9oe.wcTnohupenlantyna,tmaAteiloaon.f,

Gill is of Scotch-Irish origin. revolutionary war, where he

His grandfather, Days Gill, was a soldier in the fought under Col. John Clark, and in the same

company with was a farmer

the by

grandfather occupation,

of Gen. C. A. Evans. Mr. Gill's father, Robert and died in May, 1840, in Baldwin county,

G., Ga.

William E. Gill acquired but a limited education, as he spent all of the earlier part

of his life on the frontier, among county, and settled near the old He has always- followed farming

the Indians. In January, 1846, he moved to Lee town of Stockville, at that time the county seat. and has succeeded well. When the tocsin of war

rsrseetoaggutiuenmldateerrnodtao,irpnmbsu.1yt8,6wHb1auesMt dhrsia.essrcGvhbielaedlregenfneodlrtihsftaroeicdrpedearismsioaladbireirluaiiettseydnc.aaanpyJtteuaoainnrfelCao3tof,emrC1.p8oa3mHn8py,eaHBnwy,aarsErBilne,eotvF,teinadftgtahhauigGnGheetinoeorrrtgghoiiaeaf

Moses Morgan, became his wife. After her death, Jan. 12, 1854, he married her

sister, Eliza

Nancy, Chilian

who died in Kersey, who

1871. The still survives.

following Of the

year he children

was born,

united to Mrs. ten are living,

and all are married except one, Josephine, who in his interest in public life. He held the office

is still at home. of justice of the

Mr. Gill is active peace for thirteen

years, and was sheriff of the county from 1858 to 1871. He has twice been

elected to the legislature of his state--to the lower state senate from the Tenth district in 1890. All of

house in his public

1871, and to the service has been

performed with a characteristic energy and faithfulness, which has endeared him

to A.

the people of M., and has

Lee county. Mr. Gill is been its worthy master

a member for many

of Eureka years. As

lodge No. a citizen,

247, F. & kind and

neighborly, as a public officer, a friend, true and lasting, Mr.

obliging but firm and faithful to every Gill wears his years with dignity and

trust, with

and as honor.

QAPT. FRANCIS M. HEATH, planter, Leesburg, Lee Co., Ga. No county in southwest Georgia bears a better reputation for the fertility of its soil than
Lee, and no planter among the masters in that much misunderstood art found

'I,,
f

j-

?

456



MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

i'

within her bounds has a better plantation, or is more wide-awake, than the

i

gentleman mentioned above. Capt Heath comes honestly by his aptness in

*

farming, his father before him, Lunaford Heath, having been one of the best

planters in Putnam county for many years before the war, and where Francis M.

.';

was bom in November, 1832. The boy's educational facilities were not of the

;.'

best, but he managed by close application to acquire the rudiments of what is

;

known as an English education. He made his home in Macon most of the lime

*

until 1881, since which time he has lived where he now resides. During the war

Capt Heath did his duty faithfully as a private in the Second Georgia regiment,

1.

and went through the war without a scratch until the third day before Lee's

\

surrender, when he was unforunate enough to lose his left arm. Returning to

{'

Macon he was, in 1866, elected tax collector of Bibb county, which responsible

*

office he administered for the following eight years. He then engaged in the

livery business, and in 1881, as before stated, removed to Leesburg. Capt Heath

*

fought manfully for his bachelor existence until well past the meridian, when,

j[

Jan. i, 1884, he succumbed to the charms of womanhood, and made Mrs. Mary B.

!

Yeaman (nee Jackson), his wife, who has presented him with four bright children:

{

Minnie Cleveland, born Oct 25,1884; William B., Oct i, 1889; Robert Lunaford,

Nov. 22, 1891, and Mary Mabel, Nov. 5, 1893. Capt Heath takes a lively interest

in politics, being chairman of the democratic executive committee of Lee coua:y.

He is an effective organizer and worker, and his efforts have been rewarded by

1.

continued democratic supremacy in his county during these troublous pouplistic

.

times. As president of the county board of education, he wields a powerful

fc '

influence for good over the educational institutions of the county. He is a

f'

popular and respected citizen and receives the just regard of a large circle of

i;

friends.

(

CTEPHEN THOMAS JORDAN, planter, Leesburg, Lee Co., Ga., was born

*'

Dec. 27, 1841, in Washington county, Ga. His father, Cornelius Jordan, was

a native of Washington county, a farmer by occupation, and died in 1870, sixty-

five years of age. The early Jordans were from England, and are said to have

emigrated to this country with the famous John Smith of the Jamestown colony.

At the opening of the war Stephen Jordan enlisted in the First Georgia regiment,

,

and served until the first enlistment expired, when he became a member of Evan

J

P. Howell's batterj- of artillery. In February, 1863, he was transferred to the

?

Washington rifles, Twelfth Georgia battalion. He saw active service during the

j

whole four years of the war, and was wounded once, slightly, at the battle of

:'

Winchester. When the war closed he remained in Washington county, Ga., :md

!>

attended school for a period, his earlier opportunities for acquiring an education

having been rather limited. In 1869 he purchased a farm in Butler county, Ala.,

and removed to that place, where he farmed for four years. Returning to Georgia

he took charge of two plantations for Col. Lee Jordan, in Lee county, for whom

he worked for one year, in 1874. He then took charge of J. R. Price's Live Oak

place, for whom he worked three years--1875-76-77. He then purchased a farm

in Randolph county and lived there four years, and then purchased a farm in

Terrell county, where he lived until 1892. He then bought a plantation of 2,100

acres in Lee county, where he has since resided. He was married April 28, iSfa),

to Miss Martha L., daughter of Dr. M. Goocle, of Stewart county, Ga. He

became the father of three children, all now deceased. The eldest son, Goode,

was born Nov. 19, 1870. and lived to be a fine manly boy of fifteen years, dying

Oct. 26, 1885: Thomas W.. born Sept. 7, 1872, died Nov. 2, 1874: Eliza May, or

Lila, as the fond parents were wont to call her, was born Sept. 21, 1877. She

LIBERTY COUNTY SKETCHES.

-457

was a precocious child of most lovable disposition, and was making rapid progress as a junior at Andrew college. While at home for the vacation of 1893 she sickened, and though the most eminent physicians were in attendance, the dread reaper won the victory, and the opening bud was closed, Nov. 15, 1893. Mr. Jordan is a respected and progressive planter, and has been a Mason since he \\as of legal age, affiliating now with P. T. Sligh lodge, at Leesburg.

WILLIAM DAVID WELLS, Smithville, Lee Co., Ga., is the oldest railroad agent on the Central system, having held his present position continuously
since 1868. He is the son of William Wells, who moved to Lee from Macon county in 1856, where he continued to reside until his death. Mr. Wells was a prominent farmer and miller, and during his lifetime accumulated a valuable prop erty, which passed to his son, William David. The latter was born Dec. 24, 1848, given a good English education, and began merchandising in 1866 at Smithville. After two years he was appointed railroad agent, and has remained in that position to the present time. Besides his duties as agent he operates a large grist-mill left by his father. He is a business man of wide knowledge and keen foresight, and holds the confidence of his fellow-citizens in a flattering degree. He has always taken a decided interest in public affairs and has been frequently honored by his party with responsible positions. He served two years on the board of county commissioners, and in 1885-86 was treasurer of the county. He repre sented his county in the general assembly as a democrat during the sessions of 1889-90, and as a member of the committees on finance, penitentiary and asylums
distinguished himself for faithful service. He is a blue lodge Mason and has been treasurer of his local organization for ten years. The married life of Mr. Wells began in 1868. Mrs. Wells was Miss Ella C. McAfee, of Smithville, a daughter of W. M. McAfee. Only two children have come to this union--Stella, born in 1870, married J. D. Burton, a merchant of Smithville, and Maggie, born in 1872, Mrs. C. B. McManus, her husband being an engineer on the Central railroad.

LIBERTY COUNTY.
D W. HAMMOND, merchant-planter, Josselyn, Liberty Co., Ga., son of William H. and Julia (Alien) Hammond, was born in Horry district, S. C., in 1846.
His father, of Scotch descent, was a native of Cincinnati, Ohio, was a sea captain and followed the sea until his death by drowning near the mouth of Cape Fear river in 1846. His mother, now Mrs. W. D. Hucks, is yet living, aged sixty-seven, on the old homestead. Mr. Hammond remained at home and attended school until 1862, when he enlisted in Company B, Seventh regiment, South Carolina cavalry, and served in all the engagements, important and minor, until the battle of Gettysburg, where he was severely wounded, and as soon as he was able he returned home. He commenced life after the war with nothing, but by close attention and enterprise, and exceptionally good management, he has accumu lated quite a fortune. He remained in South Carolina until 1882, during which time he was county commissioner two terms, and postmaster at Hammond four years. In 1882 he came to Josselyn and bought a small stock of general mer chandise, and has been postmaster at the place since 1884. I" connection with

458

MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

the store he is conducting a large rice plantation and five turpentine stills-- own ing altogether 1,600 acres of land. He has been phenomenally successful in all
his undertakings, is wide awake to business, intelligently enterprising, of superior managing ability, and is highly esteemed by his fellow citizens. Mr. Hammond
was married in* 1879 to Miss Nora, daughter of John and Mulsey (Holden) Hughes, natives of Brunswick county, N. C. Of the eight children born to them
six are living: William G., John T., Nettie, Richard T., James W. and Ora. He
is a Knight of Pythias and has represented his local organization in the grand lodge, and is a master Mason. Himself and wife are influential members of the
Missionary Baptist church.

UEXDLEY FOXWORTH HORNE, farmer, Johnston Station, Liberty Co., Ga., son of Richard and Mary Home, was born in Beaufort district, S. C., Jan.
19,1814. His paternal grandfather and his father followed farming all their lives, and both served in the patriot army during the revolutionary war, his grandfather losing his life in the service. In 1817 Mr. Home's father moved to Georgia and settled in Liberty county, where he died a consistent member of the Baptist church. Mr. Home was the youngest of three children born to his father by his second and last marriage, and was only about three years old when his father moved to Georgia. He was reared on the farm and received a fairly good edu cation at the common schools of the county. The day he was twenty-one years of age he settled where he now lives and began home-life in a small one-room log house which is still standing and lovingly cared for. Starting out poor, but
determined to better his worldly condition, he had succeeded to his own satis faction, and besides land, had twenty slaves when the civil war began. The Fed eral government owed him $200 for mail service performed, which, of course, he lost When the war closed all he had was his land and some live stock, and with these as his capital, supplemented by good health and resolute will, he com menced life anew. He lias by his industry and good management acquired about
8,000 acres of land, on which he has a fine, well-improved plantation and near him four houses on his property. He has resided where he now lives more than sixty years, and at the ripe old age of eighty-one is hale, hearty and cheery. He has never sworn an oath and has always been temperate in his habits. When a
young man he was justice of the peace many years, and during the war he served as justice of the inferior court. He was a member of the constitutional conven tion of 1865, and in 1877 was elected to represent Liberty county in the general assembly. Mr. Home is an intelligent and genial gentleman of the old school, entertaining hospitably, has hosts of friends, and while enjoying their society and the comforts secured by honest labor and good management feels prepared for and is composedly awaiting the final summons. Mr. Home was married Oct. 2, 1832, to Miss Susan, daughter of William H. Parker, of Liberty county, who, after bearing six children, died. He then married Miss Sarah, daughter of James Smiley, of Liberty county, who died leaving two children. He contracted a third
marriage with Miss Sarah, daughter of Nathaniel Lang, of Tattnall county. Eight of the children born to him--five sons and three daughters--are married, and all living in Liberty county, except one daughter who is living in Bulloch county. He has a number of grandchildren over thirty years old, and more than forty great-grandchildren. He has been a member of the Baptist church since 1834, and his wife and children are members of the same church. Though farming has been his principal pursuit, he was for a time engaged also in the timber business.

LIBERTY COUNTY SKETCHES.

459

JOSEPH WILLIAM HUGHES, farmer, Johnston Station, Liberty Co., was born Aug. 19, 1848, near the place on which he now resides, and is the son of
William and Sarah Elmira Hughes. His father was a planter and a prominent and influential citizen of Liberty county. He was an organizer and captain of the famous Liberty guards, and when the civil war broke out led this company to the battlefield. The company was in the campaign on the Georgia, Florida
and South Carolina coasts and was in Gen. Wheeler's cavalry. Capt. Hughes served gallantly at Lookout Mountain and was at Atlanta, Jonesboro and Lovejoy station. His horse was shot from under him at Noonday church, and while crossing a bridge, in the retreat from Atlanta, near Columbia, S. C., was badly burned. He was captain of the guards after their organization, subsequent to the war, up to the time of his death. When the capital was at Milledgeville Mr. Hughes represented Liberty county in the general assembly three terms. He was surveyor of his county for several years, was a master Mason of high degree, and a member of the Methodist church. He died in 1887 in his sixty-seventh year. Mr. Hughes was a man of great worth, and was loved and respected by all who enjoyed his acquaintance. His wife is still living and is sixty-nine years old. To them were born the following children: Joseph W., Thomas D., Eliza beth L., John P., George J. (deceased), Westley Turner, Laura C., Leola A., Lee J. Joseph W. Hughes, the oldest son, was educated in the common schools of Liberty county. On account of the conditions existing in the south after the war he was obliged to leave school at an early age and help, by work in the fields, his father in the support of the family. Thus he was engaged until he was twenty-two years old, when he began farming for himself. Later he became interested in the manufacture of naval stores and in saw-milling, and by giving close atten tion to his business and exercising a wise discretion lie has prospered and extended these interests to a wide limit. In December, 1872, he married Amanda E., daugh ter of Judge Hampton C. Parker. There were born to them eight children, all living: Lela May, wife of Prof. James A. Hodnett; Alice E., William A., Joseph M., T. A., David, Parker and Fannie H. The last two are twins. Mr. Hughes was married the second time, in 1889, n*s w^e being Missouri K., daugh ter of Mr. Folsorh. They have had three children: Alera H., Ella Lee, deceased, and William S. Mr. Hughes has been a member of the Methodist church since he was seventeen years old and his family belong to the same denomination. Mr. Hughes has been a captain of the Liberty guards, a local military organization, for five years. He has been a member for fourteen years. Though a stanch democrat, Mr. Hughes has never been an aspirant for political honors, preferring
to give his time to his business and family. He is a popular citizen and a suc
cessful man in business affairs.

CREDERICK RANSOM LYONS, retired merchant and farmer, Johnston Sta tion, Liberty Co., Ga., was born Feb. 25, 1825, the son of Frederick and Martha
(Stebbins) Lyons. His parents were natives of Massachusetts, in which state he was born, and were of rugged old New England stock, the father living to the age of eighty-three, and the mother to be seventy-three years old. They were faithful members of the Baptist church, and reared a family of eleven children.
Frederick, the second child born, came to Georgia in 1840, when seventeen years old. He had an uncle, Charles Stebbins, who owned a stage line from Darien to Hawkinsville, and during the first three years of his southern residence he was engaged as a driver of a stage coach. He first invested in a little store at Bell's
landing, on the Altamaha river in Tattnall county, and for a few years enjoyed a good trade with the citizens of Appling county. In 1847 ne moved to Riceboro,

460

MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

Liberty Co., and engaged in business with his uncle. This was continued with success until a few years before the war, when Mr. Lyons bought his partner out. Just prior to the waV Mr. Lyons purchased a big plantation near Riceboro, and during the struggle he was postmaster of the place. After peace was concluded he resumed the mercantile business, which had been languishing, and took in his brother-in-law as a partner. His health commenced to fail and he was obliged
to place his son in charge of his interests, and in 1882 he moved to Walthourville, and later moved to where he now resides, since which time his health has been fully
restored. Mr. Lyons married Miss Sarah Todd, of Mclntosh county, in 1848, and to them were born two children: F. S., a son, and Sarah I., deceased. Mr. Lyons has three grandchildren of his deceased daughter's and four of his son's. He is a member of the Presbyterian church. Mr. Lyons is a high type of the self-made man. As a Yankee lad he came to a strange land and hewed out of life's forest
success and fortune. This was done, too, honestly, and with due respect and con sideration for his neighbor. By his scrupulous honesty he established a large credit and won the regard and esteem of all who knew him. In the face of dis couragements he prospered, his energy, industry and frugality overcoming all obstacles. Mr. Lyons has retired from active business and rents his farm. He has always been a democrat, as was his father before him, and when the civil war
broke out he cast his fortunes with the south, his adopted home.

LINCOLN COUNTY.
T H. REMSOX, county ordinary, Lincolnton, Lincoln Co., Ga., son of Rem and " Elizabeth A. (Murrah) Remson, was born in Lincoln county in 1838. His
paternal grandparents, Rem and Elizabeth (Goldeji) Remson, were natives of Vir ginia, who early in life migrated to Georgia and settled in Lincolnton. He was of German descent, was a farmer and became possessed of much real estate and other property; was a justice of the inferior court many years, and represented the county in the general assembly. Mr. Remson's father was born in Lincoln county and became a successful farmer and large land owner. He finally went to Mississippi, where he died. His mother was a daughter of Thomas J. and Elizabeth (Walton) Murrah. Mr. Murrah was of Scotch lineage, a farmer and large land and property holder, and served the county as a justice of the inferior court. Mr. Remson was reared on the farm and received such education as the "old-field" schools afforded. Before Georgia seceded he enlisted in a South Carolina company, but afterward joined Company G, Capt Lamar, Fifteenth Georgia regiment He participated in very many important engagements, among them Yorktown, Second Manassas, Sharpsburg, Fredericksburg, Wilderness, Chickamauga, etc., and continued in the service until the close of the war, surrendering with the army at Appomattox. Dur ing his service in the army he was wounded twice, first in the battle of the Wilderness and then at Chickamauga. Mr. Remson began life as a farmer, and after the war had nothing excepting some land. To what he had then he has added by subse quent purchase until now he has about 1,500 acres, besides a considerable quantity of town property. In 1884 he was elected ordinary of the county, an office to which he has been continuously re-elected since and now fills. This fact probably demonstrates as strongly as anything can his popularity with the people and their confidence in his practical judgment, official efficiency and personal integrity. Mr. Remson was married in 1871 to Miss S. V., born in Dalton, Ga., in 1854, daughter of W. M. Bell, a prominent railroad man. Four of the children born to him by

LINCOLN COUNTY SKETCHES.

461

this marriage are now living: Lillian M., Thomas H., Rem, and N. P. The mother of these died in 1884, and about two years afterward he married Miss Rebecca, born in Lincoln county in 1852, daughter of William and Catharine (Parks) Tatum. Mr. Tatum was a native of Lincoln county, a prominent farmer and citizen, who served the county as a justice of the inferior court and as its representative in the general assembly. This wife, an exemplary member of the Methodist church, died in 1887, leaving one child, Henry F., now living. In 1889 Mr. Remson contracted a third marriage with Miss M. J., born in Augusta, Ga., in 1852, daughter of John and Bersheba (Lockhart) Glendenning. He was a native and a prominent busi ness man of Augusta. One of the children, Annie E., the fruit of this marriage, still survives. Mr. Remson is a member of the masonic fraternity, and his wife is a devoted member of the Baptist church.
f~L S. SIMS, farmer, Leverett, Lincoln Co., Ga., son of William and Elizabeth " (Frazier) Sims, was born in Lincoln county in 1836. His grandparents on his
father's side were John and Rachel (Gullatt) Sims. He was of English descent and a native of South Carolina. When a young man, he came to Georgia and settled in Lincoln county. Mr. Sims' father was born in Lincoln county, was a large and prominent planter and land owner, and a leader of influence in county affairs. He was an active and working member of the Baptist church, and died in 1882. His mother was a daughter of John and Millie (Bond) Frazier. He was born in South Carolina and was an early settler in what is now Lincoln county. He was one of the first representatives of the county in the general assembly, and when he went to Milledgeville rode on horseback. Mr. Sims was reared on the farm and received but little schooling at the old-time "old-field" school. In 1861 he enlisted in Company K, Capt Combs, Tenth Georgia regiment, with which he participated in the seven days' fight around Richmond, second Manassas, Chancellorsville and Fredericksburg.. At this last-named battle he was wounded and sent to the hospital, where he remained until partially recovered, when he came home. After a week's stay at home, however, he rejoined his command, and was placed on detail duty until 1864, when he was discharged. He came home from the war poor and crip pled, and went to work on the farm. He worked hard, and late, and long, and has been abundantly rewarded. He now owns 1,100 acres of good land, and is com fortably enjoying the fruits of his well-directed labor and enterprise--no citizen is more respected. Mr. Sims was married in 1860 to Miss Catharine, born in Lincoln county in 1843, daughter of John W. and Maria (Gilchrist) Parks. He was a large farmer, served in the militia during the late civil war, and died in 1886. Of the children born to them nine are living: Lizzie, George L., William F., John A., L. W., Mildred M., Robert Lee, Lucy, and Albert Sidney Johnson. Mrs. Sims is an active and esteemed member of the Baptist church.

M W. STEVENSON, fanner, Goshen, Lincoln Co., Ga., son of James and Jane * (Seawright) Stevenson, was born in South Carolina in 1834. JHis paternal
grandfather, George Stevenson, was a native of Virginia, migrated to South Caro lina and settled in Anderson district, where he lived out his life as a farmer. Mr. Stevenson's father was born in Anderson district, S. C. He was a large farmer and a prominent and active member of the Baptist church. He died in his native state. His mother was a daughter of John Seawright, who was born in Virginia and moved to and settled in South Carolina. Mr. Stevenson grew to manhood on the farm, and received only such education as was obtainable at the time and locality. In 1861 he enlisted in Company G, Capt. Harnesburger, Fifteenth Georgia regi ment, and participated in the seven days' fight around Richmond, Williamsport, and other prominent engagements of the army of northern Virginia. He had been

462

MEMOIRS OP GEORGIA.

an overseer before the war, but the war destroyed that occupation; and after the war he went to the plow handles, and so efficiently as to be able to buy his first tract of land in 1870. Satisfied with the business and profits of good farming, he has devoted his time and attention assiduously to that occupation with pecuniary results entirely satisfactory to himself. He is now the possessor of 2,400 acres of land, has a good home and a well-equipped, productive farm. Unambitious of political prominence he has been content with the quiet and pleasurable pursuit of husbandry. Mr. Stevenson was married in 1871 to Miss Hattie, born in Lincoln county in 1846, daughter of Peyton and Elizabeth (Harvey) Norman. He was born in Lincoln county, and was a successful planter and large land owner. Late in life he moved to Habersham county, where he died. Of the children which blessed this union" four are living: John, Zula, Unus, and Clifford. Mr. Steven son is a master Mason, and his wife is a working member of the Baptist church.
JOHN ZELLERS, farmer, Lincolnton, Lincoln Co., Ga., son of John and Mary (Hughley) Zellers, was born in Lincoln county, Ga., in 1840. His paternal
grandfather, Jacob Zellers, was of German descent, bom in Virginia, and was a soldier in the patriot army during the revolutionary war. After independence was proclaimed he came to Georgia and settled in what is now Lincoln county, where he accumulated considerable property and attained some prominence. Mr. Zeller's father \vas born in Lincoln county, was a very successful planter, became rich and took a leading part and active interest in county matters. He was an ardent member, and for many years a deacon of the Baptist church. He died in 1855. His maternal grandparents, Hughley, were natives of Virginia, who, early in life migrated to Georgia. Mr. Zellers was raised on the farm and had the benefit of a fairly good education. He served in the militia a short time during the "unpleasantness." About everything he had except his land was swept away by the ravages of war, so after the surrender he started life almost anew. By dint of hard work, strict economy and good management, he is now the owner of 2,000 acres of good land, with a good farm and substantial improvements on it; and he has the respect and influence due to his business sagacity and moral worth. He served as a justice of the peace six years, also many years as clerk of the superior court, as county treasurer and as president of the board of education. Mr. Zellers was married in 1860 to Miss Mary E.--born in Wilkes county, Ga., in 1843--daughter of John and Margaret (Harnesburger) Florence. They were native Virginians, and came to Georgia and settled in Lincoln county early in life. He was a prosperous farmer and an influential citizen. Of the children who blessed this union, six survive: Peter, professor John Gibson institute; Mamie, Albert, Brantley C, Maggie and Aline. Mr. Zellers and his wife are active members of the Baptist church.
I N. ZELLERS, merchant-farmer, Goshen, Lincoln Co., Ga., son of Jacob L. " and Nancy (Florence) Zellers, was born in Lincoln county in 1835. His paternal grandparents--he of German extraction--Jacob and Barbara (Fudge) Zellers, were natives of Fauquier county, whence they migrated to Georgia in 1805, and settled in Lincoln county, where he acquired a quite large estate and raised his family. Mr. Zellers' father was born in Lincoln county, was raised a farmer and continued as such as long as he lived. During the war between the states he served in the Confederate army. His mother was a daughter of Thomas Florence, a well-to-do fanner of Lincoln county, and a very active member of the Baptist church. Mr. Zellers was raised on the farm and received but a meager education at the nearby "old-field" schools. In 1861 he enlisted in Company H, CapL J. O. Redwine, Thirtieth Georgia regiment, and remained in the service

LOWNDES. COUNTY SKETCHES.

463

until the surrender. Among others he participated in the following battles:
Jackson, Chickamauga, Missionary Ridge, the campaign to Atlanta and defense of the city, and then Jonesboro, Franklin, Murfreesboro and Nashville, and received his discharge at High Point, N. C. After the war he farmed, exclusively, until 1869,. when in addition to fanning, he started a general merchandise store
at Goshen. His trade has steadily increased, and he has prospered in both his farm and mercantile interests. He has accumulated a quite large property, ranks high socially and financially, and is a solid and reliable citizen. He is an influential
member of the county board of education. Mr. Zellers was married in 1876 to Miss Clara E.--born in Wilkes county in 1842--daughter of Edmond W. and Elizabeth (Tatum) Anderson. He was a son of Thomas Anderson, a native of Virginia, was a farmer, and for many years was a justice of the peace. Three of
the children born to them are living: Lillie, Daisy and Pearl. Mr. Zellers is a master Mason, and his wife is an esteemed member of the Baptist church.

LOWNDES COUNTY.
QHARLES WILLIAM HICKS, the capable superintendent of the large milling interests of J. S. Betts & Co., at Ashburn, Worth Co., Ga., is a North
Carolinian by birth, and was born in New Hanover county, Feb. 13, 1855. He was reared on a plantation, but early evinced a decided penchant for working with machinery. In order to give his spirit full play, he came to Augusta in 1877, and entered the Georgia railroad shops, where for two years he was engaged as a machinist He then went to Savannah, where he worked in the machine shop of J. J. McDonald for seven years. In 1889 'ie superintended the building of a saw-mill plant for the Central Georgia Land & Lumber company. His connection with the present firm dates from 1890. Mr. Hicks is a man thoroughly equipped for his business, and is regarded as one of the most efficient mill-men in southern Georgia. Naturally thoughtful and studious, his mind runs somewhat in the inventive channel, though he confines his efforts to thoroughly practical subjects. His chief invention is a water circulating grate and filterer for steam boilers, the second device of the kind ever attempted. He has secured letters patent on it and will soon begin its manufacture. Its evident utility to all mill-men and users of steam boilers is assurance in advance of its successful introduction. Mr. Hicks married a South Carolina lady, Miss Annie W., a daughter of Dr. C. G. Stephens, a prominent physician. Two sons and one daughter have come to brighten their home. Mr. Hicks is a member of the Methodist church, in which he is a power for good. His qualities of head and heart are such as to make him a popular official about the mill, where he holds the confidence of the firm with whom he is engaged.
CANFORD THEODORE KINGSBERRY, lawyer, Valdosta, Lowndes Co., Ga., son of Sanford and Mary Ann (Grow) Kingsberry, was born in Carrollton,
Carroll Co., Ga., Nov. 12, 1837. The American progenitor of this branch of the family, Henry Kingsberry, came to America in 1630 with Gov. Winthrop, settled first in Boston, Mass., where himself and wife united with the present First church, moved thence to Ipswich, Mass., where seven sons were born to them. Joseph (ist), the youngest son, moved to Haverhill, Mass., where two sons, Nathaniel and Joseph, and several daughters were born to him. Joseph (and) was born June

464

MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

22, 1682, was married Feb. 5, 1705, to Ruth Denison, moved to Nonvich, Conn.,

in 1708, and died there Dec. i, 1757. He was locally and familiarly known as

"Deacon Joseph." They had twelve children, the fifth of which, Joseph (3rd),

was born in 1714. When grown he went to Pomfret, then to Scotland, Conn.,

married, and raised six children, the jroungest of whom, Sanford (ist) was born

in 1733, married Elizabeth Fitch, and moved to Windham, Conn., where six chil

dren were born to him. He afterward moved with his family to Claremont, N.

H. About the time hostilities began between the colonies and Great Britain,

King George III. granted 100,000 acres of land on the island of Cape Breton--

just east of Xova Scotia--to 100 citizens of Claremont and vicinity. Mr. Kings-

berry being one of the number, was appointed agent to go to the island and

survey and divide the land. He laid out the city of Mira, at the head of navigation

on Mira river--which the grant included--and then proceeded to survey and sub-

j

divide the remainder. About the time he completed the survey, he and his com-

'

panions were arrested and imprisoned, for the purpose of extorting from them

the oath of allegiance to the king of England. All his men took the oath, but he

refusing, was kept in prison on bread and water several weeks. Failing to accom-

[

plish their purpose, he was released, when he returned to Claremont The

revolution being in progress, he at once volunteered in the Continental army

at Xonvich, Conn., under Gen. Spencer, who appointed him his aid. He was the

author of the muster roll adopted by congress, was appointed muster master

for the Connecticut troops, and commissioned major, retaining the rank to the

end of the war. He participated in the battles of Bennington, Vt, and Ticon-

deroga, X. Y. After the war he resided in Claremont until his death in 1829,

aged ninety-six years. His third son, Charles (ist), born in 1773, moved to Derby,

in the extreme northern part of Vermont, in 1790. His first deed bears date in

1797, and upon this tract was planted the first apple orchard in the township--

and it is still yielding fruit In 1820 he moved to Derby Center, living there till

he died in 1843, aged seventy years. He was the first representative from his

township to the general assembly, was re-elected three times consecutively and

held the office of town treasurer from 1812 to 1833 inclusive. To do right was

the governing principle of his life. To him nine children were born. Of these,

his third child, Sanford (2nd), whose mother maiden name was Persis Stewart,

was born June 24, 1805. He came to Georgia in 1822 and located in McDon-

ough, Henry Co., where he remained about five years, and then went to Carroll

ton, Carroll Co., and engaged in merchandising. His friendliness of disposition

and fair dealing secured the good will and confidence of the Cherokee Indians--

who were then numerous there--and he was very successful and accumulated a

large property. He was married Sept 23, 1834, to Miss Mary Ann Grow, of

Vermont, by whom he had ten children. He died Dec. 24, 1869, transmitting to

his children, untarnished, that rich heritage--a good name--received from his

father. Mr. Kingsberry remained with his parents until he attained his majority,

with the exception of three years--1849-50-51--when he attended school at Derby,

Vt He completed his education at Carrollton Masonic institute, and in 1858

began reading law under Buchanan & Wright, Newhan, Ga., and was admitted

to the bar at the March term of the superior court at Newnan in 1859. Locating

at Quitman, Brooks Co., Ga., he remained there until April, 1861, when he en

listed and served as a private in the Piscola volunteers until after the seven days'

fight around Richmond, in which he gallantly bore a part. In 1862, just after those

battles, he was elected, without his knowledge, second lieutenant of a cavalry

company organized at Carrollton, to which command he was transferred, and

served in Eastern Xorth Carolina and along Black Water river in southeast

LOWNDES COUNTY SKETCHES.
Virginia until the advance of Grant on Petersburg, when his command, the Sev enth Confederate cavalry (before independent), was made part of a brigade under command of Brig.-Gen. James Bearing, with which he served until October, 1864, when his regiment was reorganized into the Tenth Georgia cavalry, under Gen. P. M. B. Young. In 1864 he was commissioned captain of Company K of the Seventh Georgia regiment, continuing as such until the surrender, when his com mand, under Gen. Wade Hampton, was disbanded at Greensboro, N. C. After the war he and his brothers--Joseph and Charles--met at the old homestead near Carrollton to find it almost totally destroyed, and their old father plowing in the field. These three brothers went to work, and living mainly on corn bread and sorghum syrup, made him a good crop; they then left, and each for himself commenced the battle of life anew. The two younger brothers chose a mercan tile life and have won for themselves wealth and high commercial standing in Atlanta. Sanford returned to South Georgia, where he and his wife taught school during 1866, after which he resumed the practice of law at Quitman, to which he has since devoted his time and attention. During the reconstruction period he efficiently discharged the duties of secretary of the democratic county committee. In 1874 he became local attorney for the Atlantic & Gulf railway, retaining the position for that corporation and its successor until 1883, when he became assist ant general counsel for the Savannah, Florida & Western and the Charleston & Savannah Railway companies, and moved his office to Savannah. In 1892, find ing the labor of an exclusively corporation attorney excessive and uncongenial, he located in Valdosta, retaining his position as assistant general counsel for Georgia of the S., F. & W. Railway company, and resumed his general practice. Mr. Kingsberry ranks among the foremost in his profession and with his" fellowcitizens, and enjoys a large and influential clientage. Mr. Kingsberry was.'.mar'-. ried March 10, 1861, to Miss Jane Margaret Smith, daughter of Rev. John' Brown Smith, formerly an eminent Presbyterian minister of North Carolina, and later in Talbot county, Ga., where he died in 1845. Mrs. Kingsberry is a lineal descend ant of "Light Horse Harry" Lee, of revolutionary fame. Three children have blessed this union: James Sanford, now at Richmond, Ga.; Edwin Paschal, read ing law under his father, and Helen Ann, at home. Mr. Kingsberry is a democrat, but no politician, a council Mason, and an exemplary and influential member of the Presbyterian church.
DICHARD AUGUSTIN PEEPLES, deceased, ex-judge of the county court, Lowndes county, Ga., was born in Hall county, Ga., in 1829. His father,
Henry Peeples, was a farmer and merchant, who late in life removed to Lowndes county, where he died. Mr. Peeples was raised and educated in Hall county, and about the time he reached manhood he moved to Lowndes county. When ibis? father died he assumed the management of his mercantile affairs. In 1860, when the county seat of Lowndes was changed from Troupville to Valdosta Mr. Peepjes and several of his friends--W. H. Buggs, A. Converse, Moses Smith and 'Dr. William Ashley--selected lots and built their residences. The town was located on lands belonging to Capt J. W. Patterson. Peeples served many years as ordinary of Berrien county, and during this period he read law and was admitted to the bar. He entered upon the practice and continued it until the county court was established, when he was appointed judge arid held the office sixteen years. In 1869 he engaged in the insurance business, and in 1872 established a general insurancy agency, which he conducted with great success until he died--being ably assisted during the latter years by his son Richard, whom he had admitted to partnership. He was mayor of Valdosta several terms during his life. Mr.
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MEMOIRS OP GEORGIA.

Peeples was a prominent promoter of the Georgia Southern & Florida railway, and very active and efficient in securing subscriptions, donations and concessions in aid of its construction. Mr. Peeples was twice married--first to Miss Sarah J. Camp, of Jackson county, Ga., by whom he had four children, two sons, one of whom, Henry C, lives in Atlanta, and the other son and the daughters live in Valdosta. The mother of these children died July 3, 1863, and about a year afterward he married Miss Sarah Virginia Dent, of Savannah, who had refugeed to Valdosta, and whose father was -largely interested in the shipping interests of that city. A brother of hers, CapL James Dent, was in the Confederate service on board the cruiser "Alabama," and when she was sunk by the "Kearsage" he jumped overboard and escaped capture by swimming to the British vessel, "Greyhound." He died afterward from the exposure and its results. By this second marriage there were born to him two daughters and three sons, all of whom are living in Valdosta. He was a captain in the Confederate service, and was stationed at and near Savannah, continuing in the service until the surrender. He died July 19, 1891. CapL Peeples was a master Mason and a prominent and influential member of the Baptist church, of which he was an ordained minister.
QHARLES BUNYAN PEEPLES, building material, Valdosta, Lowndes Co., Ga., son of Richard Augustin and Sarah V. (Dent) Peeples, was born in Mill-
town, Berrien Co., Ga., Sept 2, 1854. He was six years old when his father moved to Valdosta, where he received a good common school education. When he was seventeen years old he went to work at bricklaying and worked at that about two years and then engaged in the sewing machine business, which he fol lowed for about six years. He next accepted the agency at Valdosta of the Savannah, Florida & Western railway and retained it four years, when he resigned and embarked in the building material and paint business, in which he has been successful and still continues. He has served the city two years as alderman and has been chairman of the county board of commissioners of roads and rev enues. Mr. Peeples was married March n, 1890, to Miss Lila, daughter of Thomas M. and Maggie (Wisenbaker) Keller.

DICHARD A. PEEPLES, general insurance agency, Valdosta, Lowndes Co., Ga., son of Richard Augustin and Sarah Virginia (Dent) Peeples, was born
in Valdosta, June 17, 1867. He was educated in the schools in Valdosta, and attended college in Dawson, Terrell Co., Ga., one year. After leaving school he clerked two years in a drug store, and when eighteen years of age his father made him his partner in the general insurance business he had established, under the firm name of R. A. Peeples & Son, and practically placed him in charge of the business. Under his energetic and judicious management it has been largely increased and made very prosperous. He is a member and has been captain of the Valdosta videttes, Company B, Fourth Georgia regiment militia. After hold ing the captaincy for two years he returned to the ranks, but was recently elected adjutant of the regiment, with the rank of captain, an office he now holds. Capt Peeples was married March 18,1890, to Miss Maude Elise, daughter of Thomas C. and Eliza M. (Church) Jenkins. Her father was a large farmer and successful merchant in Madison county, Fla. Capt and Mrs. Peeples have one child--Russell Alexander.
DENJAMIX RICHARD SAXON, physician and surgeon, Valdosta, Lowndes
Co., Ga., son of Dr. Robert Harper and Laura Virginia (Johnson) Saxon, was born in Screven county, Ga., Feb. 20, 1840. His paternal grandfather, Benjamin

LOWNDES COUNTY SKETCHES.
H. Saxon, was a native of South Carolina, a lawyer of distinction, and at one time secretary of state of South Carolina. The following pertaining to his life and serv ices is an extract from old official documents: "Benjamin Harper Saxon was born in Laurens district, on May 10, 1772. He was admitted to the practice of law on May 26, 1794, and in the eighteenth year of the independence of the United States. He was made treasurer of the upper division of the state of South Carolina on Feb. 18, 1829, and the forty-third year of independence of the United States. He was made justice of the quorum for the district of Abbeville, April 16,1831, in the fiftyfifth year of independence. He was elected secretary of state Feb. 18, 1835, in the fifty-ninth year of the independence of the United States. He was elected surveyor-general Feb. 18, 1838, in the sixty-third year of the independence of the United States. He was notary public Feb. i, 1840, in the seventy-fourth year of independence. He died July 28, 1856, in Screven county, Ga., aged eighty-four years, two months and eighteen days. Dr. Saxon's maternal grandfather, Capt Richard Johnson, was born in Barnwell district, S. C, was a wealthy planter, and a prominent, influential citizen of a family originally Virginians. Dr. Saxon's father graduated from the South Carolina Medical college, at Charleston, in 1832, came to Georgia and located in Screven county, where he established a fine pro fessional reputation and built up an extensive and remunerative practice. He died in 1852, when the subject of this sketch was only three years old, leaving him the last male representative of the family line. Dr. Saxon's early education was such as was afforded by the common schools of the county. After preparatory reading he attended the Georgia Medical college (medical depart ment university of Georgia), Augusta, Ga., from which he graduated in 1876. He supplemented this by a post-graduate course in the New York polyclinic, from which he graduated in 1892. Dr. Saxon is a man of fine ability, skilled in his profession, and building up an excellent reputation and patronage. Dr. Saxon was married March 30, 1890, to Miss Zulinne, daughter of Dr. William Capers and Virginia (Humphreys) Bowie, of Screven county. Dr. and Mrs. Saxon have had one child:--Richard Bowie--born to them, who made his advent March 13, 1892. Dr. Saxon is a royal arch Mason. JAMES EDWARD OGLETHORPE VARNADOE, merchant, Valdosta,
Lowndes Co., Ga., son of Samuel McWhir and Caroline Bradwell (Law) Varnadoe, was born in Mclntosh county, Ga., June 24, 1842. His grandfather came from South Carolina to Georgia when a young man, penniless, and settled in Liberty county. When he died in 1864 he owned 100 slaves and several planta tions. He was president of the agricultural society of the county; and, although meagerly educated himself, was noted for the interest he took in education and elevation of others around him. He was a prominent member, and one of the deacons of the Midway Congregational church in Liberty county. Mr. Varnadoe's father graduated from the university of Georgia, with the second honor of his class. Early in life he twice represented Liberty county in the general assem bly; and in 1856 was the nominee of the American party for congress, and was defeated by James L. Sevvard of Thomas county. In 1866 he founded the Valdosta institute, which he conducted with exceptional success until his death, in 1870. The school is still in existence; and hundreds of his pupils now on the stage of action revere his name and memory, and refer with pride to his work and worth. He was a man of strong religious convictions and great activity; among the foremost in promoting intellectual and moral advancement, and was a ruling .elder in the Presbyterian church. He left three sons and two daughters. His wife's father, Rev. Samuel Spry Law, was the son of a wealthy planter, and was born in what is now Liberty county, Ga., in 1774. When forty years of age he

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MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

was converted, was received into the Baptist church, ordained a minister, and afterward devoted his time and talents gratuitously to the service of the church. Judge Law, the eminent jurist of Savannah, is a member of the same family.
Mr. Varnadoe enlisted as a private in 1861 in the Liberty Independent troop,
of which six months afterward he was elected corporal Subsequently the com pany became a part of the Fifth Georgia cavalry, soon after which he was made sergeant, and held the position until the surrender. Preceding the last year
of the war the command was on duty chiefly in Georgia, South Carolina and Florida. It was then ordered to join Gen. Joseph E. Johnston's army above
Kennesaw mountain, when it was assigned to Kelley's division, Wheeler's corps,
and remained with the western army to the close of the war. He was in the battle at Newnan, Ga., during Gen. McCook's raid, and also participated in the
battle at Noonday church, and in scores of skirmishes. He took the oath of allegiance at Macon, Ga. He then went to Decatur county, Ga., where he taught
school six months, and then returned to Liberty county and engaged in farming.
Two years' experience disgusted him with that on account of the disorganized con dition of labor, and he went to Brooks county, Ga., and resumed teaching. He
taught there a year and then, the latter part of 1867, come to Valdosta, and
assisted his father in Valdosta institute, remaining something over a year. He
then engaged as a clerk with W. H. Briggs, and was also express agent four
years. During this time he filled the office of mayor of Valdosta. When his father died, 1870, the management offered him a large salary as an inducement for him to take charge of the institute. In 1881 he commenced merchandising
for himself; but after six months became connected with J. W. Harrell & Son, continuing the partnership until 1887. when he sold out to his partners and went
into business by himself. Mr. Varnadoe is now one of the largest and most prosperous and influential merchants in Valdosta--none stands higher commer
cially or financially. He is president of the board of trade, and in addition to
having been mayor, as stated above, has been alderman a dozen years. He is also a member of the board of education. He was once nominated by his party,
but declined the nomination, to represent Lowndes county in the general assembly. He was the first captain of the Valdosta videttes, now a part of the Fourth
Georgia regiment, of which he is the accomplished and popular colonel. Col.
Varnadoe was married May 9, 1864, to Miss Harriet Louisa, daughter of Bar
tholomew A. and Mary Emeline (Mallard) Busby, formerly a wealthy South Carolina planter owning one hundred slaves and a large landed property. They
have three living children: David Comfort, assisting in the store, married and
has one child; Sarah Louisa, wife of John Gordon Crawford; and Hallie Lois, now in school. He is a member of the masonic fraternity, and an exemplary
and influential member of the Presbyterian church, of which he is an elder.

JOHN THOMAS WHEELER, merchant, Lake Park, Lowndes Co., Ga., youngest son of Artemus and Mary (Taylor) Wheeler, was born in Leon
county, Fla., Aug. 28, 1858. Mr. Wheeler's father was a planter, and at one time owned a large number of slaves. He served as a private in the Confederate army during the late war; was wounded at Gettysburg; was for a short time in a hospital, and was captured once. His maternal grandfather, Dr. Wesley B. Taylor, was a quite prominent physician in Florida until a short time before his death, which occurred in Thomas county, Ga. Mr. Wheeler was reared on
the farm, and was educated in the common schools of the county. He followed farming until 1892, when he opened a general merchandise store in Lake Park, Lowndes Co., and has now a well stocked store, and is doing a large business.

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LUMPKIN COUNTY SKETCHES.

469

Mr. Wheeler was married Feb. 26, 1886, to Miss Nealy Ruskin, daughter of Lee Ruskin, a farmer of much prominence and influence in the community in which he lives. Mr. Wheeler is ranked as one of the stanchest of democrats. His marriage has been blessed by the birth of three children.

LUMPKIN COUNTY.
MARION G. BOYD, lawyer, Dahlonega, Lumpkin Co., Ga., son of Wier and Sarah J. (Sitton) Boyd, was born in Lumpkin (now Dawson) county, Jan.
9, 1850. His father was born in Gwinnett county, Ga., Sept. 14, 1821. He grew up on the farm, and received such common school education as was afforded by the locality and period. When only sixteen years of age he went as a soldier to the Florida war. In 1850 he moved to Dahlonega, which was ever afterward his home. He studied law and was admitted to the bar. He entered with energy and enthusiasm into the practice of his profession, and soon gained a clientage and a icputation not surpassed in his own and adjoining circuits. He was a man of great ability and rare tact; a hard student and worker, and whatever he undertook to do he did with all his might He was broad-minded, of liberal views, progres sive, and aggressive, and of great force of character. His influence was wide and great, and invariably and unswervingly exercised in behalf of law and order, moral ity and Christianity. When the war between the states was begun he enlisted in and was commissioned colonel of the Fifty-second Georgia regiment, and served throughout the Tennessee and Kentucky campaigns. With his command he was a gallant participant in the battles of Tazewell, Frankfort, Lexington and Cumber land Gap, and in numerous skirmishes. His health breaking down he was com pelled to retire from the service and return home. He represented Lumpkin county two terms, and the Thirty-second senatorial district two terms in the general assembly. He was a member of the constitutional convention of 1865, and, also of that of 1877, meeting the responsibilities, and discharging the duties of these public trusts with the same independence and fidelity manifested in all others. Few men have lived in Lumpkin county who so completely gained and lastingly retained the entire confidence of the people. Col. Boyd was married Feb. 14, 1842, to Miss Sarah J., daughter of Joseph Sitton, of what is now White county, Ga., who bore him seven children: Augustus F., who, as captain of a company at the age of eighteen, was killed at the head of his command at the battle of Baker's Creek; Fannie, deceased wife of Judge A. Rudolph, Hall county; Marion G., the subject of this sketch; Mrs. B. P. Gaillard, Dahlonega, Ga.; Mrs. Emma Witt, Atlanta; Mrs. Ida Stanton, Atlanta, and J. W., professor at Young Harris institute, McTyeire, Towns Co., Ga. He was an active and prominent and exemplary member of the Methodist church, was many times a delegate to the annual conference, and a delegate to the general conference at Nashville. He died suddenly at Dahlonega, Nov. 8, 1893, truly lamented by a large circle of admiring friends.. His widow is still living, and makes her home with the subject of this sketch. Mr. Boyd's father moved to Dahlonega soon after his birth, where he received his primary and preparatory education, and after ward entered Emory college at Oxford, Ga., from which he graduated in 1869. He read law under his father, and, after an unusually creditable examination,

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MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

was admitted to the bar at the August term, 1870, of the superior court of Lompkin county, Judge David B. Harrell, presiding. He at once located in Dahlonega, where he has lived ever since, and has established a large practice in the northeastern and Blue ridge circuits, and in the supreme court of Georgia. A well-read and sound lawyer and safe counselor, he has secured a well-paying and influential clientage, and no member goes before the court with more care fully prepared cases, or one who conducts them with more vigor and skill. He has been remarkably successful in both civil and criminal cases, and been connected with some of the most important litigation in northeast Georgia. In 1877, when only twenty-seven years of age, he was elected to represent the Thirty-second senatorial district in the general assembly, and was the youngest member of that body. He was placed on the committees on judiciary, penitentiary, education and local and special bills, and the special committee on judicial circuits. He declined further public service until 1894, when, in compliance with the pressing solicita tion of friends he consented to become a candidate to represent the senatorial district in the general assembly, and was elected by a large majority. Mr. Boyd is a royal arch Mason; a prominent and influential member of the Methodist church, and is a delegate from his quarterly conference to the North Georgia annual conference.

"V^ILLIAM R. CRISSON, ex-miner, Dahlonega, Luinpkin Co., Ga., son of Elijah and Nettie C. (Brown) Crisson, was born on the Tugalo river,
Habersham county, in 1818. His father, of German extraction, was born in North Carolina, and died early in the 2o's in Texas. His maternal grandfather
was Joseph Brown, was of Scotch-German descent, and was a soldier in the patriot army during the revolution. Soon after his birth his parents moved to
what is now Lumpkin county, and settled near where Dahlonega now stands. In 1829, when he was in his twelfth year, about the time gold was discovered, the family moved to the site now occupied by the city, which has since been his home.
The settlement was originally known as "Head Quarters." But when the county
was laid out in 1832, a contest for the county seat occurred between "Head Quarters" and "Knucklesville," which resulted in favor of the first-named, and the
town was laid out, and in January, 1833, it was organized. A patient and inter
ested inquiry into the true etymology of the Indian term by Mr. Crisson convinced him that it means "yellow money," or gold. His mother being left a widow he began work in the mines at an early age, and that has been the principal pursuit of his life. For two years, however, he worked on the first railway built in Georgia, and taught school two years in North Carolina. He returned to Dahlonega and remained, mining until 1852, he left for the gold fields
of California, going by way of Nicaragua and landing in San Francisco about the first of the following April. After three years' experience in California mining, he came back to his old home, where he has been content to live since.
He was in the service of the state during the war, and actively participated in the battle of Kennesaw Mountain, in the great battle of July 22, 1864, at Atlanta, and in many skirmishes and other engagements in defense of Atlanta during the siege of that city. After the war he re-engaged in mining, and in addition has conducted a farm. He is a real pioneer, lived in the country when the Indians indulged in
their "green corn" and "war" dances, and held their councils around campfires; lived through the rough period and sometimes bloody encounters of the miners,
and that of development and the establishment of schools and colleges and other institutions consequent upon advancing civilization. He has a vivid recollection of a bloody fight between the miners, which gave the name of "Battle Branch"

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471

to a stream in the county, in which several were shot, one dead and many wounded. He also often met the distinguished South Carolina statesman, John C. Calhoun when visiting his extensive mining properties, and enjoyed his acquaintance many years. His reminiscences of pioneer and miner life are
interesting and attractive. He is looked upon as one of the landmarks, and enjoys the respect and esteem, almost veneration, of the people. Mr. Crisson was married in 1843 to Miss Arrenia Yarbrough, daughter of Wilson Yarbrough, of Lumpkin county, formerly of North Carolina, and one of the first discoverers of gold in that state. To them three children were born: Mack \V.; Nettie Jemima, wife of Andrew J. Maguess; Ebenezer E., Dahlonega. In early life Mr. Crisson was an uncompromising Henry Clay whig, but since the unpleasantness he has acted with the democratic party. For half a century he has been a member of the Baptist church, and for thirty years a deacon of it.

CRANK WAYLAND HALL, miner and merchant. Dahlonega, Lumpkin Co., Ga., son of Lyman Caleb and Marinda (Curch) Hall, was born in Jericho, Vt,
April 18,1845. His paternal grandfather, Asher Hall, was born in Vermont, June 25,1783, and was a well-to-do fanner. He married Miss Hopa Lyman, born Jan. 30, 1791, Oct 18,1815, by whom he had ten children: William Harrison, Asher Smith, Mary Ann, Lyman Caleb, George (who died young), Martha Maria, George, second, Laura, Harmon, and Albert Warren. Mr. Hall's father was born in Jericho, Yt, Feb. 21,1818, and married Marinda Curch Dec. 18, 1840, also born in Jericho, Yt., Jan. 16,1818, daughter of William and Sallie (Ford) Curch, who bore him one child, Frank Wayland, the subject of this sketch. He died in Jericho, Yt., July 30, 1883, but she is still living, and makes her home with her son in Dahlonega. The father of his grandmother--Hopa (Lyman) Hall--Noah Lyman, was born in Jericho, Vt, Jan. 10,1758, and married Hopa Bunn, born March 13, 1765. To them eight children were born: Stephen, Caleb, Hopa, Noah J., Harrv. Elisha, Eli, and Chloe. His maternal great-grandparents were Abraham and Sarah (Ingalls) Ford. He was born in Connecticut May 16, 1764, and she was born Dec. 18, 1766. They were married Jan. 22, 1788, and to them the following children were born: Alvin, Warren, Milton, Sallie, Allethiah, Harry, Chloe, Sophia, and Amanda. His maternal
grandfather, William Curch, was born at Chelsea, Vt.,Oct. 31,1791, and was married to Sallie Ford--born in Pomfret, Conn., Jan. n, 1796, and died March 31, 1885-- March i, 1815, and to them two children were born, who now reside hi Randolph, Vt.; Melvin, and Marinda, Mr. Hall's mother. Her paternal grandfather, Asa Curch, was born at Mansfield, Conn., May 16, 1766. His wife, Juliette, was born at Win chester, N. H., May 26, 1762. They were married O.ct. 22, 1789; she died June 30, 1845, and he died Sept. n, 1847. Mr. Hall grew to manhood and was educated in his native town. In 1868 he came to Dahlonega as a millwright, and as the repre sentative of a Boston, Mass., company to superintend the erection of gold mills and machinery. After completing his work he returned north, but soon afterward was invited to assume the management of the mills. He came to Dahlonega, and from that time until now he has thoroughly identified himself with the interests of
Georgia, especially, that part of it where his home is. His best judgment and unflagging energies have been directed to the encouragement of capitalists and investors to come to this section and aid in developing its wonderfully varied and valuable--practically inexhaustible--natural resources, in regard to which his information is extensive, and his enthusiasm intensive and irrespressible. Trained
to habits of industry and thrift, and possessing a self-reliant spirit, he was quick to adapt himself to his new surroundings, and, while zealously and faithfully discharg ing his obligations to those who had entrusted their interests to him, was equally quick to avail himself of some of the many opportunities offered to make

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MEMOIRS OP GEORGIA.

profitable investments in his own behalf. His strict business methods and integrity
of character have enabled him to conduct the large interests of those he represents very profitably, and, consequently, satisfactorily to them; while they have won for him the very highest financial and social positions. He holds titles to vast tracts of wild lands and mining properties in Xorth Georgia, and conducts the leading general merchandise store in that portion of the state--known as "The Frank \V. Hall Merchandise company," the first establishment of the kind organized and operated under a charter. Fortune has indeed smiled upon his untiring energy, his daring enterprise, and that unflagging persistence which knows no such word as fail--and crowned his efforts with phenomenal success. In 1888, in compliance with the earnest solicitation of appreciative friends, he became a can
didate to represent the county in the general assembly, and was elected by a large majority. He at once became prominent and influential for progressive and good legislation, doing efficient sen-ice for his immediate constituency and for the general interests of the state. He was made chairman of the committee on mines and mining, and placed on the committees on education, appropriation, enrolled bills, and auditing; and served as chairman of the subcommittee in charge of the bill for establishing the state geological survey--in formulating which his services were invaluable. He had control in the house of the bill providing for the sale of the Okefenokee swamp lands, which brought into the state treasury more than Sioo.ooo. In 1888 he was elected mayor of the city and served one term. As might be expected, Mr. Hall takes a deep interest in all educational movements, par ticularly such as promise the elevation and advancement of Xorth Georgia. For many years he has been a member of the board of trustees of the Xorth Georgia Agricultural college, at Dahlonega. is now its treasurer, and is enthusiastically
devoted to its interests and welfare." Mr. Hall was married in 1867 to Miss Eleanor Agnes, daughter of Jonas and Eunice \Yheeler, Essex, X. Y. They have no children. He is a member of Webster lodge, F. A. & A. M., Winooski, Vt, :md Mount Zion royal arch chapter, Xo. 16, Atlanta, Ga.

NICHOLAS F. HOWARD, physician and surgeon, Dahlonega, Lumpkin Co.,
Ga., son of John and Sallie ('Fain) Howard, was born in Buncombe county, X. C, Xov. 24, 1821. His paternal grandfather, Philip Howard, was born in Baltimore. Md., where he grew to manhood, and subsequently migrated to North Carolina and settled in Sum- county. Dr. Howard's father was born in Surry county. X. C. in 1781. He married Miss Sallie, daughter of Ebenezer Fain, of Buncombe county, by whom he had nine children: Mary M., widow of George -McClure. Xorth Carolina: William B., deceased; Samuel P. C, California; Nich olas F.. the subject of this sketch: Lafayette and Pulaski, both in North Carolina; John H., Missouri: Sarah Elizabeth, wife of Robert Roane, Illinois; Susan R., Macon county, X. C".. widow of Hannibal Xorton, who died while a prisoner during the war. at Johnson's island. His father died in Macon county, N. C., in 1857. and his mother in 1878, aged eighty-two years. Dr. Howard's parents moved the year after his birth from Buncombe to Macon county, N. C., where
he was raised to maturity, and received an education as good as was obtainable in the then pioneer condition of the country. He, however, availed himself of every opportunity to add to his education, and increase his stock of knowledge. In 1848 he moved to Clarkesville, Habersham Co., Ga., and began the study of
medicine under the direction of Dr. William J. Rusk, an eminent physician, and the following year attended lectures at the medical college of Georgia, Augusta, from which he graduated in the spring of 1851. Without loss of time he located in Dahlonega. which for more than forty years has principally been his home--there having been two intervals of interruption, one, a trip to California, and the other

LUMPKIN COUNTY SKETCHES.

473

during the war. He received encouraging patronage at once, and success was
assured. In 1852 he went to California, and, while engaged in mining, practiced his profession. On his trip he was the only physician among the passengers, and was placed in charge of the sick. Late in the spring of 1854 he returned home and resumed his practice, and continued it until 1862, when he was appointed surgeon of the Fifty-second Georgia regiment, and served to the end of the conflict, for many months prior to which he was transferred to hospital service at Madison, and at Augusta, Ga., where he was at the time of the sur render. He saw much active and very arduous service; was at Vicksburg during "the siege, at the battle of Champion hill, was on duty as field surgeon at Cumber land gap and Missionary ridge, and in the! Kentucky and Tennessee campaigns.
In 1865 he was elected to represent Lumpkin county in the general assembly, and faithfully and fearlessly performed his duty--a difficult task in the then troubled and uncertain condition of political affairs. He was placed on several important committees, and worked zealously and earnestly for such legislation as he believed would restore prosperity to the state. In 1885 he was appointed postmaster at Dahlonega, and held the office during President Cleveland's administration, con ducting its affairs with his usual business-like promptitude and accuracy. In 1892 he was complimented by the citizens of Dahlonega bv election to the may oralty. While doing a general practice, he has given particular attention to, and been very successful in. the treatment of affections of the lungs atid types of fever peculiar to the section. His practice has extended over Lumpkin and adjoining counties, and he enjoys an enviable reputation with those \vlio know him best. Few citizens so fully and so universally have bestowed upon them the esteem, and so unreservedly enjoy the confidence of his fellow-citizens--all deserved. He speaks of his army service as having been of inestimable value to him in his after-practice. He has been the active and zealous promoter and worker in behalf of every movement calculated to improve public and private
morals. Hence, he is a stanch and uncompromising temperance advocate and exemplar, and does all in his power to advance the temperance cause and Christian work. He was one of the original incorporators of the North Georgia Agricultural college, and is vice-president of the board of trustees. Dr. Howard was happily married June 12, 1854, to Miss Almeda A., daughter of Alexander and Milley (Dickin) Avvtry, by whom he has had two children: John Alexander and Florence. John Alexander was educated at the North Georgia Agricultural college and served eight years as assistant postmaster at Dahlonega, during the admin istration of Presidents Cleveland and Harrison, and is at present in the employ of the government. Dr. Howard's wife died in 1884. The doctor was made a master Mason in 1850, was worshipful master of the lodge for many years, and was present in the Grand lodge when it was decided to build the Masonic Temple in Macon. For more than fifty years he has been an exemplary, working and faithful member of the Methodist church, south, of which he is an ordained local minister. In him Dahlonega has a citizen of rare usefulness.

\MILLIAM STANLEY HUFF, lawyer, Dahlonega, Lumpkin Co., Ga., son of John and Louisa (Harris) Huff, was born in Dahlonega, Jan. 13, 1869. His
paternal grandfather, Henry Huff, was born in Anderson district, S. C, early in this century, and married Miss Martha Rives, of Virginia, who bore him seven children: William, in lYntz, Cal.: John, Dahlonega; Thomas, who died in 1849 while on the way to California; Andrew Jackson, who went to China after the late war; Eliza, Mrs. Davis, Lumpkin county; Susan, Mrs. Satterfield, Ball
Ground, Chcrokcc Co., Ga.; Elijah M... Tennessee. Mr. Huff's fathei was born in Hall county, (la., March 22, 1832, atul was married Dec. 29, 1854, to Miss

474

MEMOIRS OP GEORGIA.

Louisa, daughter of John Harris, of Lumpkin county, and a niece of Gen. Harrison \V. Riley, \vho represented the county in both branches of the general assem
bly for man}- years, and who, in his day, exercised a potential influence in the gold region. Early in life Mr. Huffs father went to California, where he remained a number of years engaged in mining, an industry to which he has devoted nearly all his life. For eighteen years he has been superintendent of the Hand and
Barlow Mining company at Dahlonega, and is recognized as a man of superior business judgment and capacity; and is highly esteemed as a citizen. During the late "unpleasantness" he served as a lieutenant on Gov. Brown's staff,
and for many years was a justice of the inferior court of the county. The maternal grandfather of the subject of this sketch, John Harris, was born in Tennessee, and came to what is now Lumpkin county about 1830. He was a soldier during the
war with Mexico, and died at New Orleans while on his way home. Of the chil dren born to Mr. Huffs parents the following survive: Henry Harrison, Alfred Holt, William Stanley, the subject of this sketch; James Burnsides, Martha Elizabeth, Frank Augustus, Susan Lamentina and Mary Josephine. Those de ceased are Alphonso, Florence, Francis, Howard and John Calhoun. Mr. Huff was reared in Dahlonega, and received his primary and preparatory education at the excellent schools in the town. In 1888 he entered the North Georgia Agri cultural college, where he completed his literary studies and graduated in 1890.
He immediately began the study of law under the able preceptorship of Hon. William P. Price, one of the most eminent lawyers in the circuit, widely-known
and highly esteemed, professionally and as a citizen, by everybody. Having passed an exceptionally rigid examination on all branches of the profession with great credit he was admitted to the bar at the October term, 1891, of the superior court of Lumpkin county, Judge C. J. Wellborn, presiding. Entering upon the
practice at once in his native place, he has already laid the foundation for a large and influential and remunerative clientage in the northeastern circuit Few young men in his profession have started under more favorable auspices, and in
so short a time achieved such success. His studiousness and his industry, his superior natural endowments and professional attainments, for one so young, give promise of distinction at the bar and in the political arena. Mr. Huff was married April 5,1893, to Miss India M., daughter of Joseph A. and Louisa Garner, of Hall county, Ga., who has borne him one child, John Garner, born Dec. 29, 1893. He is a master Mason and secretary of the local lodge, and a member of the Methodist church. His wife is an exemplary member of the Baptist church.

A RCHIBALD G. WIMPY, ex-merchant, Dahlonega, Lumpkin Co., Ga., son of Archibald and Elizabeth (Henly) Wimpy, was born in Pendleton district,
S. C., in 1814. His paternal grandfather, William Wimpy, was a native of Ire land, whence he emigrated to this country before the revolutionary war, and
settled in South Carolina. There, about 1762, Mr. Wimpy's father was born,
reared a farmer and married. In 1824 he moved with his family to Georgia, and settled in Franklin county, where three years later his wife died, and in 1838 he died in Hall county. To them nine children were born: Nancy, who married
Joseph A. Cooper; Susan, who married John Brownlow; Eliza, who married Willis Prince; Isaac M.; Obed; Larkin C.; Annie, who married James F. Foster; Archibald G., the subject of this sketch, and Thomas H. The maternal
great-grandfather of Mr. Wimpy was a native of Germany, and a physician, who, emigrating to America, settled first in Pennsylvania, and later moved to South
Carolina. Himself and three sons were soldiers in the patriot army during the revolutionary \var. Mr. Wimpy was about ten years of age when his parents

L.UMPKIX COUNTY SKETCHES.

475

moved to Franklin county, Ga., where he grew to manhood on the farm and received such education as the schools of the locality and period afforded. After teach
ing school three years he went to Dahlonega, where in 1837 he engaged in a
general merchandise business, continued it fifty-two years and accumulated a quite valuable estate. In 1839 he was appointed postmaster, and held the. office until 1849, when he resigned. Many public offices have been tendered him, but
he has invariably and persistently declined, having no ambition beyond success in his business, and being useful as a private citizen. During the civil war he
served with efficiency in the home guard within the boundaries of the state. There is now no actual resident of the town who can claim to be an older inhabitant than he, and his mind is well-stored with incidents and reminiscences of frontier life and the busy mining times of that part of Georgia. He is yet in good health and active for his age, and as buoyant in spirit as when younger. During his
life he has come in contact with mining speculators, and with men eminent in scientific and political circles, remembers much about them, and entertains friends pleasantly by recalling occurrences of half a century ago. Mr. Wimpy was mar ried in February, 1841, to Miss Nancy W. Whelchel, daughter of Francis Whelchel, of Hall county. Himself and wife have been active and exemplary members of the Methodist church for nearly half a. century, and among the fore most and most useful in all church work. Mr. Wimpy has been superintendent of the Sunday school for forty-two years. Mr. and Mrs. Wimpy have no children
of their own, but have reared ten children of relatives and friends.

\A7ILLIAM JASPER WORLEY, ex-editor and farmer, Dahlonega, Lumpkin Co., Ga., son of James H. and Millie (Donelson) Worley, was born in
Dahlonega, May 29,1837. His paternal grandfather, William Worley, of English
extraction, was a native of Rockingham county, Va., married a Miss Eaton, and migrated to Georgia and died in Cherokee county, where, also, two of his brothers, Thomas and Pleasant, died. Capt Worley's father was born in Spartan-
burg, S. C., Sept 10,1807, where he received his education and grew to manhood, and in 1828 came to Georgia and settled in what is now Lumpkin county near where Dahlonega stands. He was the first justice of the peace in Dahlonega, was sheriff of Lumpkin county two terms and. clerk of the superior court of the county fourteen years. He served a year as first lieutenant of his company in the Seminole war. His maternal grandfather, William Donelson, was of Scotch descent Capt. Worley's parents raised six children: Martin V.; William Jasper, the subject of this sketch; Columbus W.; Timothy H.; Roxanna E., and James H. He died April I, 1869, and his wife, born in Pickens district, S. C., Oct 14,1812, died Aug. 29, 1880. Capt Worley grew to manhood in Dahlonega, where he received an academical education, and then engaged in farming, which he followed until the occurrence of the war between the states, when he enlisted as a private in Company D, First Georgia regiment state line. A month later he was promoted to a lieutenancy, and soon afterward commissioned as a captain of the company and served through the war. His regiment was assigned to Stovall's brigade, Stewart's division, Johnston's corps, and was first ordered
to Savannah. Afterward it was ordered to Chickamauga, and participated in the battles at Dalton, Resaca, Cass Station, New Hope Church and Kennesaw Mountain, and that of July 22, 1864, and the defense of Atlanta during the siege. His regiment then proceeded to Savannah, via Jonesboro, and during a part of the time on the way he commanded the left wing of the regiment. From Savannah his command was ordered to Augusta, where he was granted a thirty days' fur lough to visit his sick wife, during which Gens. Lee and Johnston surrendered.

476

MEMOIRS OP GEORGIA.

After four years arduous, faithful service, to which he had given the prime of his manhood, he returned to the peaceful pursuit of agriculture. During his service he had many thrilling experiences. On one occasion when the regiment was waiting in reserve in front of the enemys trenches, expecting every moment to be .ordered into battle, he was sitting on a log when a shell struck the ground
in the rear, and passing under the log and coming out in front, upheaved the log and earth and threw him several yards away burying him under a huge mass of earth. He was soon extricated by the soldiers, and about the time he regained
his feet Maj. Brown (brother of the late lamented ex-governor) rushed up and asked: "Captain, are you hurt?" "No, I think not," he replied. "Thank the Lord; sit down on this log," said the major. "No thank you," the captain replied, I prefer standing; I was sitting on that log when that ugly shell came along
hunting for me." In the great battle near Atlanta, July 22, 1864, while his com mand was advancing on the enemys works, two color-bearers were shot down in succession causing the soldiers to falter, perceiving which Capt Worley, following
the intrepid example of his illustrious namesake, William Jasper, of revolutionary fame, grasped the flag, and, followed by his command, triumphantly planted it on the earthworks of the enemy. One night after a day of hard skirmish fighting, when the company was marching through rain and mud, a voice called out,
"Close up, Company D. Col. Gait riding by at the time asked, "Who is in com mand of Company D? "Capt. Worley," one of the soldiers replied. "That
cant be," said the colonel, "I had Capt Worley buried this afternoon in the rear of my quarters." "There is something wrong about that," said the captain, advancing, "I am glad to say I am still on duty." The colonel rode up to the captain and threw his arms around him, and the two officers wept like children. After the war Capt. Worley moved to Cherokee county, but two years later
returned to Dahlonega, and in 1868 was elected clerk of the superior court, and being successively re-elected, held the office eight years. In 1878 he became
senior editor of the Dahlonega "Signal" newspaper, continuing for some years, and during this period read law under the preceptorship of Hon. Wier Boyd, of Dahlonega. In 1881 he was admitted to the bar in Lumpkin superior court,
Judge J. B. Estes presiding. Later, he was elected justice of the peace, and held the office eight years, when he was appointed notary public and ex-officio
justice of the peace. In 1888 he prospected extensively for gold and other mineral products, and became largely interested in mining properties. In 1889 he purchased the Buford (Gwinnett county) "Gazette," and placing his son, Claude H.. then only in his fourteenth year in charge of its local department, conducted it as a mining and agricultural journal. This enterprise was suddenly and sadly terminated by the death of his son by a railway accident Aug. 7, 1891, he having been his main reliance in conducting the paper. This event preyed upon Capt. Worleys mind to such an extent that he sold his interest in the paper
and returned to Dahlonega. He is a citizen of high character and excellent standing, as may be inferred by his fellow-citizens electing him continuously to office; and as one would say lie deserved to be, when it is stated that he never drank intoxicating liquors and never played cards. Capt Worley was married at Blairsville, Union Co., Ga., in 1859, to Miss Georgia Victoria, daughter of
Thomas Goodram, by whom he has had seven children: Thomas Jefferson, died Aug. 24. 1862; Mildred Caroline, wife of E. S. Copeland, Nelson, Pickens
county, Ga.; James Edward, Atlanta, was manager of the Anniston Lime & Coal
Co.. of Atlanta; (sometime since he left that company and is now bookkeeper for the Blue Ridge Marble company, at Nelson): William F., timekeeper for the Blue Ridge Marble company, at Xelson, Ga.: Lee Anna, teacher, Dahlonega;

MADISON COUNTY SKETCHES.

477

Claude Howard, deceased, and Victoria Maude, at home. He is a charter member of the North Georgia Agricultural college, and for seventeen years has been secretary of the board of trustees. He is a royal arch Mason and past high priest, and has been an exemplary member of the Methodist church nearly half a
century, his parents being among the members who organized the church in
Dahlonega.

MADISON COUNTY.
D H. BULLOCK, farmer, Danielsville, Madison Co., Ga., was born in Oglethorpe county in 1810, and is now one of the oldest residents of this county.
This branch of the family descended from an Englishman and one of the early settlers of Virginia. Nathaniel Bullock, the grandfather of the subject of this memoir, was born in North Carolina, and marrying Mary Hawkins, moved to Georgia during the time of the revolutionary war. A son, Hawkins Bullock, entered in the patriot ranks at the age of sixteen years under Capt. Twitty and in Gen. Greene's command. He was born in North Carolina, and after the war of independence located in Wilkes county, Ga., and subsequently moved to Madison county, where he died. He married Frances R. Gordon, a daughter of Capt. Alexander Gordon. Mr. Gordon was a revolutionary soldier and attained the rank of captain, moved to Wilkes county soon after the war, and later to Oglethorpe county where he died. Mr. R. H. Bullock was a farmer from youth, and in 1836 was married to Mary H. Griffith, daughter of James Griffith, a native and life-long resident of Madison county. They have three children: Sarah F., James H. and Wyatt H. The mother of the children was born in Madison county in 1817 and died in 1849. I*1 l&>$ he married Lucinda Thomp son, daughter of Nathaniel Gholston, an early settler of Madison county and a native of North Carolina. To this union have been born the following living children: Susan, Georgia A., Mary L., Lula S-, Richard H., Bonnie G. and Nathaniel. The mother was born in Madison county in 1837. Mr. and Mrs. Bullock are members of the Presbyterian church. Mr. Bullock has been active in politics during his long life, and has been frequently asked to hold official posi tions. He was elected clerk of the inferior court, then a member of the court and then served as ordinary for twenty years. He was a member of the legislature when the capital was at Milledgeville for four terms, and for four years repre sented his district in the state senate at Atlanta. Mr. Bullock is familiarly known as Major, this title being bestowed on him in youth, when he was major in the state militia and fighting Mr. King George's men. He owns a fine farm near Danielsville and a big mill on the South Broad river, and is more than com fortably fixed in this world's goods. Though way up in years Mr. Bullock still enjoys good health and possesses a powerful intellect, which is still as active as ever.
JAMES F. COLBERT, farmer, Danielsville, was born in Madison county in 1839. About the beginning of this century Philip Colbert, a son of a Virginia
planter, with his wife, Sarah Garr, came to Georgia and located on a farm in Oglethorpe county. His son, S. W. Colbert, was born there, and on reaching manhood, moved to Madison county about 1838. Here he wedded Margaret, a

4-

MEMOIRS OP GEORGIA.

daughter of James and Jane (Thompson) Xutt. Mr. Xutt was born in Jouth Carolina, and was a hatter by trade. Finding no employment in that line, he turned to farming for a vocation, and moved to Georgia and settled on a tract of land in Madison county. Mr. S. \V. Colbert represented Madison county in the legislature for several terms, and is a well-known figure in the history of the count}- for the nrst twenty-five years of its existence. He died on his farm. Mr. Tames F. Colbert was a farmer boy, but was given an excellent education, con
sidering the educational advantages then afforded, and in 1861, responding to the bugle call for volunteers, joined Company E, Thirty-ninth Georgia regiment, under Capt. Ghaston. In 1864 he married M. L. Arnold, daughter of Hugh and Nancy i Fambrough) Arnold. The father was a native of Madison county, but late in life moved to Coweta count}-, where he died. Mr. and Mrs. Colbert have three children: Earl A., India and Ouida. The mother of the children was born in Coweta county in 1856. She is an active member of the Congregational church. Mr. Colbert has been fortunate in his business and farming, and owns about 6.000 acres of valuable land, much of which is in cultivation; and, also, has a large amount of personal property. He is highly respected for his integrity and honest, industrious, upright character.

. (^EORGE C. DANIEL, ordinary of Madison county, was born in the same
county in 1839, and was the son of James and Elizabeth B. (Jones) Daniel. Mr. Tames Daniel was a native of the same county, and a big farmer and political leader, representing Madison count}' in the legislature. He served as a captain in the
war with the Creek Indians, and died in Macon in 1859. ^r- George C. Daniel's grandparents were Alien and Mary (Alien) Daniel, the father being born
in Virginia, and was captain of the Eighth Virginia infantry in the revolutionary \var. He was also general of the state militia, and after the war came to Georgia, where he became a leading citizen. He donated the site of the county public buildings of Madison count}', and was one of the organizers of the courts. He represented it in the legislature, and at one time was sheriff of Elbert county.
The mother of Mr. George C. Daniel was a daughter of James and Elizabeth Tones. Mr. Tones was a native of Franklin county, Ga., and died in Chattooga county. Mr. George C. Daniel spent his early days on the farm, and his education
was picked up from reading and study after the day's labor was finished. In 1861 he enlisted in the late war, in Company K, Third Georgia regiment, under Capt. E. C. Billups, subsequently being commanded by David B. Langston, later by L. D. Mitchell. He fought in the battles of South mills, Malvern hill, second
Manassas, Bristow's station. Sharpsburg, and, in the latter engagement, was \vounded and sent to the hospital. He was sent home for three months and then returned to his command. He was then detached for hospital duty. In 1859 Mr. Daniel began to read medicine under Dr. Long, and then took a course of lectures at Philadelphia, and was graduated during his service in the hospital. After receiving his diploma he was commissioned assistant surgeon in the Confederate navy, being assigned to his duty on the ironclad "Chicora," and remained there until Charleston was evacuated. He marched from Charleston to Raleigh, thence to Drury Bluff, where he did his last service. In 1865 he married Louisa E. Watson, daughter of Samuel and Harriet (Jones) Watson. Mr. Watson was a
native of South Carolina and moved to Jefferson, Jackson Co., Ga., where he died. They have had born to them several children, of whom three are living: Clara, James D., Charles Y. The mother of the children was born in Jackson county, Ga., in 1844. Husband and wife are earnest workers in the Presbyterian church,
and Mr. Daniel is a Mason. In 1865, Mr. Daniel began the practice of medicine in Madison county and continued until 1873, when he was elected ordinary, and

MADISON COUNTY SKETCHES.

479

re-elected every term since. After returning from the war Mr. Daniel was obliged to begin life over again, but with untiring energy he has succeeded in getting together considerable property, and is a prosperous citizen.

J^ R. J. the
is J. G.

G. EBERHART. The Eberhart family occupies a prominent position in history of Georgia, and one of its leading representatives in Madison county Eberhart, a physician of high standing and great professional skill. Dr.

Eberhart's father was George Eberhart, a man distinguished in political and busi

ness annals of Madison county. He was born and reared in the county, and was an

extensive farmer and large slave owner. He served in the late war, and was a

justice of the inferior court, and was justice of the peace for a great many years.

He was actively identified with the Baptist church, and died in 1887, lamented by

a large circle of friends. George Eberhart married Sarah A. Griffith, daughter

of James and Sarah (Leiper) Griffith. Dr. Eberhart's paternal grandparents were

George and Katie Eberhart. George Eberhart was a North settled on the land long before Madison county was organized. In 1861 Dr. Eberhart enlisted for the war in Company E, Capt

Carolinian, and He died in 1848. Martin, Fifteenth

Georgia regiment He was in active service, and in the carnage at the battles of

Murfreesboro and Black Grove. After the battle of Chickamauga, Dr. Eberhart

was appointed hospital steward of the Fourth battalion, sharpshooters; and, after

the battle of Missionary ridge, he was appointed acting assistant surgeon; and

about the close of the war he was appointed by the division surgeon to receive and

distribute the medicines to the different regiments in the brigade. He had chosen

medicine as his profession early in life, and, after getting a primary training in the

public schools, began studying for Willingham. He attended one course

the profession, of lectures at the

in 1857, medical

under college

Dr. Willis of Georgia,

Augusta, and then went to a Philadelphia medical college, from which he secured

his diploma in 1854. In 1856 he married Mildred M., daughter of David and

Elizabeth (Snelling) Bell. The father was a native of Elbert county and resided

there all his life. Mrs. the leading physicians

Dr. Eberhart was born in 1837. Dr. Eberhart of his part of the state, and his professional skill

ranks among and devotion

to his avocation have brought him a large practice. He is a member of the masonic

fraternity, and is a much-respected citizen of Madison county.

J B. EBERHARDT, farmer, is a native of Madison county, was born in 1841.

" was

and is the son of Jacob and Elizabeth (\Vynn) Eberhardt. Jacob Eberliardt born in what is now Madison county, in 1797, and was a distinguished man of

his day. He was a prosperous fanner, and was state senator from Oglethorpe

county and Madison county about 1850. He died son of George and Margaret (Patten) Eberhardt.

on his farm in 1862. He was a George Eberhardt was a son of

Jacob Eberhardt, who came to America from Germany in 1745 and settled in

Georgia, where he died. Jacob Eberhardt, the second, married Elizabeth, daugh

ter of John and Elizabeth Wynn, old residents of Madison county. Mr. J. B.

Eberhardt was given a good education, and in 1862 joined Company E, Thirty-

seventh Georgia Mr. Eberhardt

regiment, was then

under made

Capt. Gholston, who captain, and led his

was killed company

at in

Jonesborough. the battles of

Missionary ridge, where he was distinguished for his bravery. He was wounded

at of

Jonesborough. In 1864, while in T. B. and Martha Goolsby. The

service, he Goolsbys

married Lusetta Goolsby, daughter were from Oglethorpe county, and

Mrs. Eberhardt was born in 1844. Mr. J. B. Eberhardt and wife have seven living

children: and Mrs. Mason.

L. H., Dr. Pope Clifford, Lizzie, Mattie, Robert T., Alexander H. Eberhardt are members of the Baptist church, and he is a royal Mr. Eberhardt is a self-made man, starting in life as a poor boy,

Mr.
arch and

480

MEMOIRS OP GEORGIA.

\vorking with such industry and perseverance as to acquire a good farm of 500 acres, .besides other valuable property.
JOHN R. GUNNELLS, farmer, was born in Oglethorpe county in 1837, and was the son of W. M. and Lydia N. (Thomas) Gunnells. W. M. Gunnells was
a native of this county and was the son of John Gunnells, an early settler and a veteran of the war of 1812. W. M- Gunnells was a prosperous farmer and moved to Madison county in 1843. He was married to a daughter of Stephen and Margaret (Thomas) Thomas. The father was a native of Virginia and moved to Georgia, where he died. Mr. John R. Gunnells was brought up on the farm and his educational opportunities were limited to a few weeks of schooling in the winter and what his mind stored from reading the books of the scant libraries in the neighborhood. In 1862 he enlisted in the war, Company C, Seventh cavalry, under Capt. Burk, later Capt Flint. He fought in many battles and was in the engagements at Petersburg, Burgess Mill, Gatlet's farm, Fort McCray, Bentonville, Columbia, Charleston, Orangeburg, C. H., Galesburg, Raleigh. In 1859 he married Mary E. Nelms, daughter of John and Fannie (Denney) Nelms. He was a native of Elbert county and engaged in fanning and milling. Mrs. Gun nells was born in Elbert county in 1840, and died in 1864, leaving one child, James M. In 1866 Mr. Gunnells was married to Julia A., daughter of Harman and Amelia (Williams) Toilet. Mr. Toilet was a native of North Carolina, but moved to Georgia about the time of the birth of Mrs. Gunnells in 1830. Mr. and Mrs. Gunnells are members of the Baptist church and he has long belonged to the I. O. O. F. Mr. Gunnells owns a fine farm and an excellent mill and gin. He is one of the substantial citizens of the county and lives in a nice home near Neese.

PJAVID W. MEADOW, one of the leading lights of the bar of northeastern
Georgia, was born in Madison county in 1852, and is a son of Berry J. and
Elizabeth (Williford) Meadow. Mr. B. J. Meadow was born in Oglethorpe county and was a big land and slave-owner, and for years sheriff of Madison county. He was a strict observer of the teachings of the Baptist church and remained in
Madison county until his death. He was married to Elizabeth Williford, of the Williford-King family, of Virginia, who took up their home in Georgia at an early day and lived in Madison county. The grandfather of Mr. D. W. Meadow was Isaac Meadow, the grandson of an Englishman who was the founder of the Meadow family in America, settling first in Virginia and afterward moving to Georgia. The great-grandfather, great-grandmother and two twin children were
killed by the Indians soon after coming to Georgia. Mr. V. W. Meadow was born and grew to manhood on the farm. His father died when he was about two and one-half years old, leaving his mother and eight children. The war between the states left the family little but the old plantation. His widowed mother being
then unable to give him the educational advantages desired young Meadow de
termined to educate himself. After working on the farm for several years, taking advantage of the village school in the meantime, he taught school, successfully
making the means to attend the university of Georgia, from which he graduated
in 1881. He then entered the law school of that institution, graduating there from in 1882. Of the college societies he was a member of the Sigma Alpha Epsilon fraternity. Upon entering the university he became a member of~the
Phi Kappa Literary society and in three weeks thereafter was elected as a public debater on the spring debate. He was elected one of three champion debaters, receiving the highest vote, from the Phi Kappa society in 1881, and that society was at the debate at commencement successful over the Demosthenian society

MADISON COUNTY SKETCHES.

'

4g r

for the first time in five years. He has ever felt a deep interest in education, has served on the county board of education and is now and has been for some time a trustee of Danielsville academy. In 1886 he married Susie A., daughter of W. C. and Ella C. (Mitchell) Colbert Mr. Colbert was born in Madison county and moved to Athens, where he became a prominent merchant To Mr. and Mrs. Meadow have been bora three children, two of whom are living, Hilda and \Yill King. The mother was born in Madison county in 1862 and is a sincere and active member of the Methodist church and a graduate of the famous Lucy Cobb institute, Athens, Ga. Mr. Meadow is a Mason and is at present worshipful master of the lodge in Danielsville. In 1894 he was elected to the legislature, being the first lawyer sent to that body from Madison county in forty years, there having been a deep-set prejudice against the profession. He at once took a prominent place among the law-makers of Georgia and was appointed to the important committees of general judiciary, finance, railroads, journals, peniten tiary and various special committees, including those of the State Normal and In dustrial college and the university. Mr. Meadow is a self-made man and one who can look over his honorable and prosperous career with pride, knowing his achievements are the result of his own efforts. His close application to his profes sion, his studious Habits and fine mental attainments have established him a reputation among the courts of the state as one of the great lawyers of Georgia.

JOHN N. MOORE, farmer, Comer, Madison county, first saw the light of day

in Elbert county in 1836, and is the son of Capt. William and Elizabeth

(Booth) Moore. Capt. Moore was a native of Elbert county and was a farmer

by occupation. He served in the Indian war and died on the old home place in

Elbert county. The grandfather of John N. Moore was a Virginian, was one

,\

of the first settlers of Elbert county, and a successful tiller of the soil. Elizabeth

Booth, mother of Mr. Moore, was a daughter of John N. and Annie (Falkner)

Booth. Mr. Booth was of an old Virginia family and migrated to Georgia early

in life. Mr. John N. Moore grew up on the farm and in 1858 married Hulda A.

Falkner, born in 1830, daughter of James J. and Annie (Hardy) Falkner. Mr.

Falkner was a native of Elbert county, but moved to Madison county in 1839,

and was considered the best farmer in the count}'. He was a man of liberal educa

tion and son of William Falkner, a prominent figure in the early history of Vir

ginia, and a large planter and slave-holder. Mr. and Mrs. Moore have eight

children living: George, Fudge B., John, Anna, Dora, Mary, Fannie and Dollie.

Mr. Moore and family belong to the Baptist church. Mr. Moore's capital at the

';'

beginning of life was very little, but hard work and perseverance have enabled him

>; :

to accumulate much property. He owns a farm of 700 acres of excellent land near

;]!

Comer, besides valuable gin and saw and grist-mills.

'

C P. POWER, farmer, Carlton, Madison Co., Ga., was born and has lived his

life in Madison county. He is the son of D. B. and Margaret (Patten)

Power, his father having been born in Elbert county and where he was an ex

tensive farmer and slave-holder. The grandfather of Mr. S. P. Power was Frank

Power, who came from Virginia and located in Elbert county. He was a brave

soldier in the revolutionary war and an esteemed citizen. The wife of D. B.

Power was the wife of Samuel and Margaret (Eberhart) Patten, and her father

was a soldier during the war of independence and an early settler of Elbert county.

Mr. S. P. Power was born in 1831, and obtained what schooling he received from

'}

a private tutor, after the day's work was done. In 1862 he joined the ranks of

'

the Confederacy and became a member of Company E, Thirty-seventh Georgia

II-31

482

MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

regiment, under Capt Gholston, being engaged in the fights at Tazewell, Murfreesboro, Chickamauga, Missionary Ridge and then going on detail duty. In 1853 he married Martha, daughter of Bern- M. and Elizabeth (Vaughn) David. Six children have been born to this union, who are now living: David, William, James O., Lorena, S. P. and Clinton. The mother was born in 1834. They are both members of the Baptist church and Mr. Power has long belonged to the masonic fraternity. He has served as bailiff for a number of years, and is wellknown throughout the county.
W. SCOTT. Among the leading farmers of Madison county is W. W. Scott, of Danielsville. He was born in Madison county in 1820, and is
the son of John and Jane (Milligan) Scott John Scott was born in North Caro lina, of which state his parents were natives, and came to Georgia at an earlv day, settling in Madison count}-, where he farmed and engaged in trading with great pecuniary success. He left his plow to serve in the second war with Great Britain, and a few years after his return was elected to the office of sheriff of Madi son county. He was re-elected a number of terms and in that day was the leading man of the county. He married a daughter of Andrew and Linie (Cloghorn) Milligan. Mr. Milligan was a native of Virginia and served throughout the revolutionary war as a private, and won fame for his fearless courage in several battles. The early life of W. W. Scott was that of the usual farmer boy, and when fifteen years of age he followed in the footsteps of his ancestors and shoul dered a musket and went out and fought the Cherokee Indians in the war of 1831. In 1841 he was married to Mary J. Daniel, a daughter of James Daniel. a well-to-do farmer of Madison county. Mrs. Scott was born in 1825 and her de mise occurred in 1856. She was a noble Christian woman, belonging to the Presbyterian church, and a loving wife and mother. By this marriage the fol lowing living children were born: Thomas J., Elizabeth F., John C, James D. and Mary. In 1860 Mr. Scott was married to Sarah Davenport, who was born in Wilkes county and died in 1886 at an advanced age. Mr. Scott's third mar riage was to Sarah, daughter of John and Nancy (Stanton) Dixon. She was Ijorn in Elbert county in 1842. Mr. Dixon was a native of and died in Elbert county and was a prosperous (Farmer. Mrs. Scott is a member of the M. E. church, while her husband is of the Presbyterian faith and a lifelong member of the ma sonic order. Mr. Scott has always taken an interest in politics, though never aspiring to office, and in 1877 was a representative of his county in the constitu tional convention. Mr. Scott, like so many other farmers of the south after the war. found himself ruined, but with indomitable energy went to work and soon recovered his losses and added greatly to them, having a fine farm of 4,000 acres at the present time. Mr. Scott served in the Confederate army in the late war, first as private, then as captain, elected by the men, and was afterward promoted to the rank of major of his regiment.
1"\R. B. M. THOMPSON, a prominent physician of Madison county, Ga., whose home is at Thompson's Mills, near Five Forks, is a native of the county, a
son of William and Mary (Tilman) Thompson, and was born in 1821. His paternal great-grandparents were natives, respectively, of Ireland and Scotland, and on coming to this country settled in Pennsylvania. His paternal grand parents were Alexander and Mary (Hodge) Thompson. He was born in Penn sylvania, was a soldier during the revolutionarv war, migrated to North Carolina and afterward to Georgia. Dr. Thompson's father was born in Burke county, N. C., and came to Georgia in 1790 with his parents, who set tled in Wilkes (now Oglethorpe) county. The mother of Dr. B. M. Thompson

MARION COUNTY SKETCHES.

483

was a daughter of William and Mary (Farrow) Tilman. He came from South Carolina and located in Georgia soon* after the revolutionary war, and 'settled in Burke county, where he reared his family. He afterward moved to Madison county, where he died. Dr. Thompson was reared on a farm, and in 1850 mar ried Amanda J. Carithers, daughter of William C. and Mary (Griffith) Carithers. Her father was a South Carohnian and moved to Georgia and lived in Madison county till his death. They have two children: William H. and Mary B. The mother was born in 1832 and died in 1875. She was a woman much loved and was a sincere Christian lady. Dr. Thompson began reading medicine in 1843 under Dr. Culbertson and has practiced for fifty years. He first attended the Jefferson Medical college, Philadelphia, in 1844-5, and was then graduated from the Atlanta Medical college in 1856. The doctor enjoys an extended reputation for professional skill and has a very large practice. He owns about 1,900 acres of choice land near Five Forks, and a big mill on South river. He is the owner of a mill built by his grandfather in 1790, it being the first mill erected in Madison county.

J F. WHITE. The White family and its wide connections in Georgia descend * from an old Virginia family that came to Georgia about the beginning of
the present century. The great-grandfather of the present generation was Stephen H. White, who moved to Georgia with his parents when a boy. He was born in Virginia, was married to Lucy White and became a wealthy planter and large slave owner. His son, Isaiah M. White, married Sarah A. O'Kelley, and of this union was born J. F. White, whose memoir is here given. Isaiah White was a representative man of his time and a brave soldier in the Indian war of 1836 and the civil war. His wife was a daughter of James and Dicey (Stamfer) O'Kelley. Mr. O'Kelley was a native of Virginia, and moving to Georgia at an early day lived and died in Oglethorpe county. The great-grandfather on Mr. White's paternal grandmother's side was Page White, a native of Virginia and one of the prominent and wealthy planters of Georgia at the close of the last century. Mr. J. F. White was reared on the farm and received only a meager early educa tion. He married Lucy, daughter of O. N. and Nancy (Smith) White, the father being a native of Georgia, a successful farmer and brave soldier in the late war. Mrs. White was born in Madison county, and a few years after marriage died, leaving three children: Lizzie, Nancy, and Stephen P. In 1892 Mr. White was married to Georgia Tucker, daughter of William A. and Mary Qohnston) Royston. The latter was a native of Franklin county, and was a successful farmer and merchant. They have one living child--Paul. Mrs. White was born in Franklin county, was a member of the Methodist church and a charitable woman. Mr. White's life has been spent on the farm, and his industry has been rewarded by the possession of a magnificent estate of 1,400 acres of land near Danielsville. He is a citizen respected by the community in which he lives and a man whose word is good as a bond.

MARION COUNTY.
LI ILLARD Z. BURT, farmer, Brantley, Marion Co., Ga., son of Zachariah and Elizabeth (Burt) Burt, was born in Putnam county. Ga., in 181*. His
grandfather, in North Carolina, was a soldier in that state, came to Georgia

MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.
\vhen fifteen years of age, and settled in Warren county. Afterward he moved to Putnam, and thence to Talbot county. From Talbot he moved to Marion count}-, leaving, when he died, a large estate in land and negroes. He was a member o>~ the Methodist church. His maternal grandparents, Burt, were natives of North Carolina, and migrated to Georgia and settled in Warren county about the begin ning of this century. He was a soldier in the late war with Great Britain. Mr. Burt was reared a farmer and was educated at the "old field" log school house common at the time of his boyhood. Being too old for active field service during the war he was detailed to look after the women and children. In 1847 ne was married to Miss Sarah K. Smith--born in Talbot county, Ga., in 1826--daughter of John L. and Hattie (Humphries) Smith. Mr. Smith was a native of Baldwin county, and a farmer. To Mr. and Mrs. Burt seven children have been born: Eugene, William, Stephen, Homer, Walter, Emma, and Rena. Mrs. Burt, who was a consistent and exemplary member of the Methodist church, died in 1868. Mr. Burt has always been an uncompromising, "true blue" democrat, and is enjoying, in his old age, the fruits of a laborious, well-spent life. He has been regarded as one of the best and most prosperous farmers in the county, and is held in high esteem by his fellow citizens.
C H. CHRISTOPHER, journalist, Buena Vista, Marion Co., Ga., son of William H. and Mary A. (King) Christopher, was born in Bibb county, Ga., in
1852. His father was born in what is now Walton county in 1818, and was reared and received a limited education there, and attended medical lectures at the medical college of Georgia at Augusta, from which he was graduated. He located first in Bibb county, went from there to Macon county, and subsequently settled permanently at Reynolds, Taylor Co., Ga. He had a farm contiguous to Reynolds, which he cultivated as a supplement to his practice. He was a very enthusiastic working Methodist, took a lively interest in all church enterprises, and for many years was superintendent of the Sunday school. On his mother's side Mr. Christopher is of old Virginian stock, his great-grandparents, John and Nancy King, being natives of that state. His maternal grandparents, John M. and Martha (Rivers) King, were also born in Virginia. When seven years old Mrs. Christopher's father came from Virginia to Georgia with his parents, who settled in Jasper count}-. He was reared a farmer and made it his lifetime pursuit. He reared his family in Jasper county and died there. Mr. Christopher was reared on the farm and worked on it until he was sixteen years old, receiving but little schooling. Two years later--1870--he worked with his brother, who had commenced the publication of a small paper called "The Mirror." Leaving Reynolds he went to Fort Valley, Houston Co., where he published a paper awhile, whence he went to Atlanta and published the "Sunday Phonograph.'' Discontinuing the "Phonograph" he moved to Buena Vista and assumed the pub lication of the "Marion County Patriot," which he not long afterward bought out on a credit He paid for it in two years, and has since permanently established it and is making it very profitable. In working out this result he has displayed unquestionable editorial ability and consummate business tact and management. Mr. Christopher was married in 1893 to Miss Lucy Brown--born in Stewart county, Ga., in 1860--daughter of Enoch O. and Sarah (Lowe) Brown, old Georgia settlers. Mr. Christopher is a member of the Methodist church.
D OBERT E. CLEMENS, merchant and farmer, Buena Vista, Marion Co., Ga.. son of J. A, and S. B. (McGough) Clemens, was born in Marion county in
1854, His paternal grandparents were Thomas J. and Sarah Clemens. He was

MABION COTJXTY SKETCHES.

- 485

a farmer and an early settler in Talbot county, Ga., where he reared his family and ended his days. He was a soldier in the war of 1812. Mr. Clemens' father
went to Talbot county when a young man, whence later he moved to Marion county and reared his family. He was a fanner, was a large land owner, and
also owned many slaves. He was a justice of the inferior court for many years; was an uncompromising democrat, and an active and exemplary member of the Methodist church, to the end of his life in 1865. Mr. Clemens' maternal
grandparents were Robert L. and (Cabaniss) McGough. He was an early settler of \Ionroe county, Ga., where he lived all his life, dying at the age of ninety-six,
and having lived with his wife seventy years. He was a soldier in the late war with Great Britain, and also in the Indian war of 1836. Mr. Clemens was reared
on the farm about seven miles from Buena Vista, and received a country school education. He confined himself to his fanning interests exclusively until 1887, when he embarked in a general merchandise business in Buena Vista under the
firm name of Clemens & McCall, in which he has been successful. He is also a large cotton buyer and owns a large warehouse. He is a large stockholder
and a director in the Buena Vista Loan and Savings bank; is one of the wealthiest citizens, and recognized as one of the ablest financiers in the county. Mr. Clemens
was happily united in marriage in 1875 with Miss Mattie L. McCall--born in
Marion county in 1855--daughter of Charles H. and Lucinda (Thorp) McCall. Six children have blessed this union: Charles, Emmett, Dovie, Felton, Hattie, and Robert.

W. DRANE, farmer, Friendship, Marion Co., Ga., son of Dr. William and

1 Martha H. (Winfrey) Drane, was born in Columbia county, Ga., in 1830.

His paternal grandparents, William and Cassandra (McGruder) Drane, were of

English descent, and born in Maryland. He was recruited in the patriot army

during the revolutionary war, and was within sixteen miles of Yorktown at the

time of Cornwallis' surrender. He migrated to Georgia and settled in Columbia

county in 1790, where he farmed and reared his family, and died in 1845. Mr.

Drane's father was born in Columbia county in 1800. After receiving preparatory

education, Dr. Drane attended medical lectures at Bellevue hospital, New York city,

and in 1832 located in Talbot county, where he practiced his profession until 1846.

Smallpox was very prevalent in his section during a part of the time he was in

practice, and he gained a wide-spread reputation for his successful treatment of it.

He was in the army a short time during the Indian war of 1836. During the

late war he did nearly all the smallpox practice in his own and adjoining counties.

He was an ardent and influential politician, and represented Talbot county in the

general assembly eight years--after which he retired to the shades of private life.

He owned large tracts of land, and a great number of slaves; and was an elder

in the local Presbyterian church. Mr. Drane's maternal grandparents, Jesse and

Fannie (Spencer) Winfrey, were native Virginians. He was of French extraction

and migrated from Virginia to Georgia soon after the revolutionary war, in which

he had been a soldier in the patriot army, settled in Columbia county, and died

about 1810. He was considered to be one of the wealthiest men in Georgia--as

may be inferred from the fact that on one occasion he went to Savannah and bought

twenty-five slaves from a vessel pust arrived from Africa. Mr. Drane, when twenty-

< '

years of age, engaged in a general merchandise business, continuing it until war

between the states was inaugurated. In 1861 he enlisted in Company H, of which

he was made captain, Fifty-ninth Georgia regiment. Among other important

battles he participated in were those of Gettysburg, the Wilderness, Spottsylvania

court-house, Cold Harbor, Petersburg, etc. In the battle at Gettysburg he was

wounded three times, but did not leave the field. Having been elected justice of the

I

MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.
inferior court, he returned home in February, 1865. He came out of the war without anything. In 1868 he purchased a small tract oi land, to which he has gradually added until now he has over 600 acres of good farming land, partly well improved and productive, on which he has a comfortable home. He is a very successful farmer, and an influential citizen. Mr. Drane was happily married in 1859 to Miss Eugenia X. Brown, born in Crawford county, Ga., in 1839, daughter of William M. and Amanda (Gray) Brown. Mr. Brown was born in Greene county, Ga., and during boyhood and youth was deprived of educational ad vantages. When grown he moved to Crawford count}-, which he afterward rep resented in the general assembly a number of times. Subsequently he removed to Marion county, which he also represented in the general assembly a number of years. He was in the Creek Indian war, in which he served as major. He was an "old-line whig," and about 1848 came within one or two votes of being nominated for congress, and was subsequently appointed United States marshal under President Taylor. He wss elected as an anti-secessionist to the convention in 1860-61. and was one of the few who signed a protest against it. He possessed large planting interests, kept "open house," and entertained lavishly; the humblest of his guests received the same considerate attention as the rich and distinguished-- all were welcome and all alike shared his hospitality. After the war he gave thousands of bushels of corn to the soldiers, and soldiers' families. He was brave and courageous, and, like such, generous and magnanimous--a born leader. The union of Mr. and Mrs. Drane has been blessed with six children: Albert, in the war department, Washington city; William; Minnie: Eugene; Walter, and Bertie. Mr. Drane is a master Mason, and himself and wife are prominent members of the Presbyterian church.
JOE J. DUXHAM, tounty ordinary, Buena Vista, Marion Co., Ga., son of J. H. and M. E. (Wood) Dunham, was born in Marion county in 1859. Mr. Dun-
ham's grandfather on his father's side was William Dunham. He was a native Xorth Carolinian, migrated to Georgia and settled, first, in Savannah; after ward went to Liberty county, where he made a permanent home. He owned a large plantation and many slaves, and was very wealthy. He was a soldier in the war of 1812. Mr. Dunham's father was born in Liberty county in 1819. received a good education, and was prepared for college by Prof. Pinchen. He then entered the university of Georgia, at Athens, and after his graduation taught school two years at Longstreet, Pulaski Co., Ga. He next taught in Twiggs county a number of years, whence he went to Houston county and taught until 1848, when he removed to Buena Vista and taught until impaired health caused him to abandon the profession and retire to the farm. At the end of twelve years he resumed teaching, and taught a number of years. He served as a justice of the inferior court a number of terms, and also in the state militia, or home guard, during the late war. He was a very prominent man in the county, and took a deep and active interest in its development, and died in 1885. Mr. Dunham's grandparents, on his mother's side, were Elijah and Elizabeth (Burgen) Wood. He was an attorney at law, went early in life to Milledgeville, and was private secretary for Gov. George M. Troup. Mr. Dunham was reared on the farm, and received a limited education--in the old log school-house. He started in life working on the farm: he then bought cotton and read law, and commenced the practice in 1892. with Butt & Lumpkin--a partnership dating from the time he entered upon the study. In 1889 he was elected ordinary of the county, and was re-elected in 1803. for a second term. He has been a member of the city council for ten years, and is at this writing a candidate for the eeneral assembly. In the congressional election two years ago he was defeated by Congressman Charles Moses. Mr. Dunham has large landed interests, and is much respected.

MARION COUNTY SKETCHES.
J-l T. HOLLIS, farmer, Buena Vista, Marion Co., Ga., son of John F. and Susan M. (Cherry) Hollis, was born in Marion county in 1841. His grand
parents, on his father's side, Thomas and Xancy (Taylor) Hollis, were of English descent, and were bom in South Carolina. He migrated early in life to Georgia, and settled in Monroe county, where he reared his family and closed his earthly career. He followed farming through life; owning and operating a farm. He served in the Indian war of 1836. Mr. Hollis' father was born and reared in Monroe count}-, went to Marion county when nineteen years old and began a farmer's life, became possessed of much land and many slaves, and left a valuable estate. Mr. Hollis' grandparents, on his mother's side, were Hpwell and Mary (Howell) Cherry. He was born in North Carolina, came to Georgia when a young man and settled in Twiggs county. He afterward moved to Monroe county, where he was living at the time of his death. Mr. Hollis was reared and worked on the farm, and had limited educational advantages--such only as the old log schoolhouse afforded. In 1862 he enlisted in Company H, Forty-sixth Georgia regi ment, under Capt. E. Taylor, and served until the surrender. He was in the battles of Jackson and Chickamauga, and all the way from there to Atlanta. He was wounded in the battles of Kennesaw and Nashville; came, and remained at home until he recovered, and then returned to the army. Like nearly all exConfederate soldiers, he started after the war very poor--but went to farming. He purchased his first land in 1869, and since then has known little save success and prosperity; he owns now about 4,000 acres of good land, and ranks among the rich men of the count}-. Mr. Hollis was married in 1872 to Miss Blanford Stevens--born in Marion count}* in 1851--daughter of Richardson and Frances M. (Blanford) Stevens. Mr. Stevens was born in Warren count}-, Ga., whence he came to Marion county and settled. To Mr. and Mrs. Hollis the following children have been born, of whom five are living: Mart B., Howell C, Mary L., Thomas B., and Annie C. Mrs. Hollis--an exemplar}- member of the Missionary Baptist church--died in 1887. In 1886 he was elected to represent Marion county in the general assembly, and was placed on the following committees: Finance, agriculture, education, and the John Winfroe investigating committee. Mr. Hollis is a member of the people's, or populist, party and a master Mason. He is one of Marion county's substantial citizens.
B. JOSSEY, farmer, Buena Vista, Marion Co., Ga., son of Henry and Mary (Minims) Jossey, was born in Stewart county, Ga., in 1843. His paternal grandfather, Lewis Jossey, of Irish descent, was a native of South Caro lina, and early in life came to Georgia. Mr. Jossey's father was born in South Carolina, moved to Georgia when a young man, and settled in what is now Marion county. He was reared and lived a farmer; but for a number of years served as a justice of the peace. His maternal grandfather, Floyd Mimms, was an early settler of Sumter county. He was a farmer--a pursuit he followed all his life. Mr. Jossey's early life was spent on the farm, and the teacher at the old log school-house imparted to him the little education he received. In 1862 he enlisted in Company G, Capt. Melton Brown, Fifty-ninth Georgia regiment. Among the battles, in which he participated, were: Gettysburg, Funkston, the Wilderness, Spottsylvania court-house, Richmond and Petersburg: he remained in the sen-ice until the surrender, when he came home penniless. He began farming and worked hard, early and late, and saved money. In 1867 he bought his first land, and now owns 600 acres of good farming land, and is prospering. Mr. Jossey was married in 1871 to Miss Savinia A. Jordan--born in Marion county, in 1854-- daughter of Nicholas and Ann (Dukes) Jordan. Mr. Jordan was a native Geor gian, was an early settler in Marion county, where he died. Nine children have

MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.
been bom of This union: Mattie. Edna H.. William. Thomas. Leroy, Annie, Emmet:. Clinton, and Erva. Mrs. Jossey is a member of the Methodist church.
QHARLKS KXOWLTOX, fanner and miller, Doyle, Marion Co.. Ga., son of Hiram anil Anna J. 'Swindell'\ Knowlton, was bom in Talbot county, Ga., in
15*41. His paterna! great-grandfather was born in Scotland, and came to America long before the revolutionary war. He was a soldier in the old Indian wars, and during the war for independence was a soldier in the patriot army. He used to relate as an ir.cider.t of his life that on one occasion when the enemy's marksman v, as aiming at Gen. Washington he struck his horse a blow to make him jump and ih::s saved the general's life. His grandfather was born in Xew York and was a farr/.er. Mr. Knowlton's father was born in Xew York state in 1807, and came to Georgia ar.d settled in Augusta in iS^S. He was a skilled and experienced mechanic, ar.d constructed the- first waterworks which conveyed the water from Turkr.e;: spring to Augusta. Later in life lie removed to Talbot county, where he followed his Trade, and left a quite large landed estate at his death in 1875. J-'5 maternal grandfather, Swindell. \\as of Irish lineage, the family having been early settlers in Xorth Carolina. When Mr. Swindell migrated from that state to Georgia lie settled in Greene county and remained there all his life. Mr. Knowlton grew to manhood on the farm and was trained as a mechanic by his father. Being a mechanic he was exempt from military service, and was largely employed in the early part of the war in tiie making of shoe pegs for the arm}'. In 1863. however, he enlisted in Company D. Seventh Georgia, afterward in the Tenth Confederate cavalry. At one time during his service, when making a charge, he rode through a troop of Union cavalry, not hearing the command to halt: they let him pass unharmed, supposing him to be a prisoner going to the rear. Discovering his mistake and dilemma, he escaped to a near-by friendly swamp. He closed his war service at the battle of Bentonville. X. C. After the war his trade was all he had to rely on. so he went to work at it. and made and saved some money. In iSSi lie purchased a mill on McCalee creek, which is now iv. perfect running order, and very desirable, valuable property. In connection with it he owns some excellent farming land and conducts a farm. In 1865 Mr. Knowlton was married to Miss Julia A. Drane. born in Talbot county in 1845, daughter of Kirarn and Eleanor TMcGruder) Drane. Mr. Drane was born in Columbia county. Ga.. and on entering life for himself removed to Taylor county. where he settled" for life. At one rime lie represented the county in the general assembly. Eight children, living, have blessed this union: E'leanor, Homer. Lizzie. Hiram. Edgar. Minnie. Jackson and Beulah. Mr. Knowlton is a royal ar.-h Mason, and his wife i? an exemplary member of the Methodist church. He is enjoying the prosperity and comfort consequent upon an industrious and honor able life.
IAME5 M. LOWE. merchant and capitalist. Buena Vista. Marion Co., Ga-, son of Viliiarr. H. and Carrie (Boswell > Lowe. was born in Crawford county, Ga.,
in 1839. Hi? paternal grandparents. John and Patience Lowe, were native North Carolinians. migrated to Georgia in 1780. and settled for life in what is now Tones count}-. He wa? a planter, owned a great many slaves, and during the revolutionary war v.-as a soldier in the patriot army. Mr. Lowe's father was born in 1803 in what i? now Tones count}' 'organized in i8o~X He was reared a farmer. and early in life removed to what is now Taylor county. He was a large slave owner, and for a number of years wa? a Justice of the inferior court Politically he wa? ar. i-.ncompron-isir.c democrat, and in religion a devoted Baptist. Mr.

MARIOX COUNTY SKETCHES.

489

Lowe was reared on the farm, and received a good common school education.
In 1860 he read law and was admitted to the bar, but he practiced only a short time. In 1861 he enlisted in Company I, Capt. E. M. Butt, Second Georgia regiment On the reorganization of the regiment Capt. Butt was promoted to
the colonelcy and Mr. Lowe was made orderly sergeant. He participated in the battles of Yorktown, Richmond and Second Manassas. He was wounded at the
battle of Richmond, and was sent home on a furlough, remaining forty days. At the battle of Second Manassas he had a limb shot off, and returned home. In 1864 he was elected ordinary of the county, and by re-election held the office for twenty-five years. Were other evidence lacking this would settle the question of Mr. Lowe's ability, capacity and popularity. Under the firm name of Lowe & Rushin, in 1866, he engaged in a general merchandise business in Buena Vista, in which, as in everything else he had undertaken, he has been eminently successful. He was the projector and principal promoter of the Buena Vista & Ellaville railway, was elected president, and continued as such until it was sold to the Central Railway company. In 1890 he organized the Buena Vista Loan and
Savings bank, of which he was president until 1894, sustaining to it now the
relation of vice-president. His uniform phenomenal success in these several various public and private offices and businesses evinces great capacity and unusual planning, financial and executive ability. In 1859 Mr. Lowe was mai'ried to Miss Eva Rushin. born in Marion county in 1841, daughter of Joel F. and Elizabeth (Brooks) Rushin. Mr. Rushin was born in Bibb county, Ga., was a fanner, and moved to Marion county in 1835. He represented the county in the general assembly several times. Of the offspring of this marriage five are living: Gussie, who married R. H. Stokes; Blanche, who married R. H. Peacock; Clifford, married W. H. Lowe; Carrie, who married V. L. McMichael, and Lucille. Mrs. Lowe, who was a member of the Methodist Episcopal church, died in 1885. In 1886 Mr. Lowe contracted a second marriage with Mrs. Carrie (nee Evans) Smith, born in Alabama in 1840, daughter of Thomas Evans. Mr. Evans was an early settler in Muscogee county, Ga., but moved to La Grange, Troup Co., Ga. He was a general of militia in the Indian war of 1836. His life occupa tion was farming. Mr. Lowe is a master Mason, and himself and wife are ex emplary and useful members of the Methodist church. Mr. Lowe is a publicspirited and progressive citizen, and one of the foremost in all movements promis
ing to add to the general advancement of the community. Politically, financially and socially himself and family rank with the first.
r* HORACE M'CALL, merchant-banker, Buena Vista, Marion Co., Ga., son of Charles H. and Lucinda (Thorp) McCall, was born in Marion county, Ga.,
in 1857. His paternal grandfather McCall was born in Scotland, emigrated to this county when quite young, settled in one of the Carolinas, served as a soldier in the patriot army during the revolutionary war, and aftenvard migrated to Georgia and settled in Screven county. He owned many slaves and had a large plantation. Mr. McCall's father was born and reared in Screven county, and was a large slave and land owner, farmer and merchant, was a justice of the inferior court many years, and also represented the county in the house and in the senate of the general assembly. He moved from Screven to Marion county in 1844, and lived there the remainder of his days. In early life he was an ardent, active member of the Missionary Baptist church, in which he was ordained a preacher after he was eighty years of age. Mr. McCall's maternal grandfather was Jere miah Alien Thorp. He was a farmer, and one of the early settlers in Twiggs county, in which he closed his life. Mr. McCall was reared on the farm, and after receiving a good common school education, took a thorough course at the Pough-

490

MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

keepsie (X. Y.) Business college. For the last seven years he has been engaged ir. a general merchandise business; and in iSSS he organized the Buena Vista Loan and Savings bank, of which he has recently been elected president. In addition to the above he organized the Buena Vista Improvement company for the encouragement of manufacturing and general improvement purposes. Be sides being an active worker in all these laudable progressive enterprises, he is interested in and manages large farming interests. These large and extensive plans promotive of progress and prosperity evince great mental and physical activity, and their success evidences unusual public spirit and financial sagacity and ability. Mr. McCall was married in 1882 to Miss YYilhe Miller, bom in Buena Vista in 1864. daughter of Maj. E. W. and Sallie iJones i Miller. He was for many years a practicing attorney, was a major in the army during the late war. and has several times represented the county in the general assembly. One child. Helen, has blessed tins union. Mrs. McCall is a member of the Baptist church.
Q \V. C. MUXRO. planter. Futnam. Marion Co., Ga., son of Edward and Har riett (De Lespire Munro. was born in 18.25, on Danfuski island. S. C. His
paternal grandparents. Edward and Ann Munro, natives of Scotland, on coming to America, settled in Xova Scotia, and afterward in Xew Jersey. On attaining manhood. Edward Munro. the father, left his birthplace, Newark, N. J.. for the Bahama islands, where he married Harriett De Lespire, of Charleston, S. C. The family lived some years on the Bahama islands: then on Danfuski island. S. C.: a. short time in Savannah, Ga.; then in Twiggs count}*, and finally settled in Dooly count}-. Ga. The maternal grandfather, Dr. Joseph De Lespire, was a native of France, and the maternal grandmother was a native of England. Dr. Joseph De Lespire. a surgeon in the French army, who came to America with the French admiral. Count dEstaing. At the close of the revolutionary war he settled in Charleston, where be practiced his profession during the remainder of his life. G. W. C. Munro was reared on a plantation, and received a good com mon school education. Conducting and supervising his planting interests has been the occupation of his life. Since 1857 he has lived at his present home in Marion count}-. In 1863 he enlisted in Company G of the Twenty-ninth Georgia battalion, in which he served until the close of the war. In 1855 he married Martha A. Stevens. daughter of Hampton and Attalissa (Sparks) Stevens, of Marion county. Ga. The children of G. W. C. Munro are: Ida Munro, Mrs. Ola M. Evans. Mrs. Mattie M. Simpson. George P. Munro. Dr. Henry S. Munro and Horace X. Munro.

D THOMPSON" PEACOCK, farmer and merchant, Buena Vista, Marion Co... " Ga.. son of Benaiah and Eleanor (Thompson) Peacock, was born in Marion
county in 1846. His paternal great-grandparents were Simon and Zelpha Pea
cock. Simon was born in England, came to this country and settled in North Carolina and lived there all his life. He was a Quaker, and being opposed to
slaver}- emancipated his slaves. His grandparents, Robert and Wealthy (Howell)
Peacock, were native North Carolinians. He was born in \Vayne county, N. C., IE 1792. and his wife in 1794- He migrated with his family to Georgia in 1820, and settled in Twiggs county, afterward moved to Houston, and thence to
Lowndes county. Ga.. where he died- He was a planter, a large slave-owner
and a prominent member of the Methodist church. Mr. Peacocks father was bom in \Vayne county. X. C.. in 1814. and when six years old came to Twiggs county with his father. From there he went when grown to Houston county,

MARIOX COfXTY SKETCHES.
thence to Macon county, and subsequently to Marion county, where he still lives. Fanning has been his lifetime occupation. For twenty years he has been a confirmed dyspeptic, has had to diet himself, and during all that time has not eaten a meal with his family. He is an exceeding!}' moral man, and is held in the very highest esteem by his fellow-citizens. Mr. Peacock's maternal grand parents, Samuel and Mary (Lumsden) Thompson, were native Virginians of Scotch-Irish descent, his father having been born in Ireland. Coming to Georgia he settled near Covington, Newton Co. He was a planter and large slave-owner, and reared his family in Newton county, where he remained until he died. He was long a consistent member of the Methodist Episcopal church. Mr. B. Thompson Peacock was reared on the farm and had the advantage of a good common school education. In 1864 he enlisted in Company K, Twelfth Georgia regiment, under Capt. J. R. McMichael, and participated in the battles of the \Yilderness, Spottsylvania court house and Petersburg. At Spottsylvania court house he was wounded and captured, sent to Point Lookout first, and afterward to Elmira, N. Y., where he remained until exchanged. At the battle of Peters burg he was again taken prisoner and sent to Point Lookout, where he remained until July, 1865, when he was released. Returning home from the war poor he taught school two years, and then went to work on the farm in dead earnest, with decidedly gratifying success. He has now 600 acres of good farming land, and runs a gin of large capacity. He is also engaged, under the firm name of Nelson, Peacock & Co., in a general merchandise business in Buena Vista. Mr. Peacock was married in 1867 to Mrs. Elizabeth (nee Hudson) Mott, born in Lawrence county, Ga., in 1840, daughter of James and Harrett Hudson. Mr. Peacock is a master Mason, and himself and wife are influential members of the Methodist church.
CTEPHEN SIMS, farmer, Friendship, Marion Co., Ga., son of John and Rebecca (Harris) Sims, was born in Jones county, Ga., in 1815. His grand
father Sims was a Virginian, and lived and died in the "old dominion." His father was born in Virginia, came to Georgia when a young man, and settled in Warren county, where he married. He afterward moved to Jones county, Ga., farmed and reared his family. Later in life he moved to Marion county, where he died. Mr. Sims' maternal grandfather, Benjamin Harris, was an early settler of Warren county, where he remained during life. Mr. Sims spent his boyhood on the farm, attended school at the log school house so common at that time and followed farming all his life. He began life as an overseer and having saved some money made his first land purchase in 1846, and has added to it until now he has an excellent body of nearly 500 acres of land with a good farm and home on it. He was a soldier in the Indian war in 1836. Mr. Sims was married in 1838 to Miss Emily Banks, born in Jasper county, Ga., in 1822, daughter of John and Elizabeth (Alewine) Banks. Mr. Banks was a native of what is now Jasper county, and reared a farmer and followed farming all his life. Six children blessed this marriage: Mary and Henry living, and William, John, George and Albert, deceased. Mrs. Sims, who was a member of the Methodist church, died in 1891. Mr. Sims is a master Mason and is highly respected by all who know
him.
N J. SMITH, farmer, Draneville, Marion Co., Ga., son of Tennyson and Frankie (Thomas) Smith, was born in Marion county in 1852. His paternal grandparents, George L. and Gillie (Peddie) Smith, were born in North Carolina and migrated thence to Alabama, whence a few years later he removed

492

MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

to Marion county. He owned a great deal of land and many slaves, was a member and a preacher of the Christian church. Mr. Smith's father was born in Ala
bama, but early in life removed to Marion county and settled where he now lives. At the time he made his settlement the woods were full of Indians. He was a soldier in the Indian war of 1836. He has made a life pursuit of farming, at which he has been satisfactorily successful and enjoyed prosperity. He has been a justice of the peace many years and is a member of the Christian church. Mr. Smith's maternal grandparents, George and Polly Thomas, were natives of North
Carolina, where they lived all their lives. He was a farmer and very wealthy. Mr. Smith was reared on the farm and received only the limited education ob tainable during his boyhood. His principal occupation has been that of a farmer, but he was in a general merchandise business about eight years. He has been successful in his undertakings, is recognized as a progressive, prosperous farmer,
and as one of Marion county's substantial citizens. He now owns about 1,800 acre* of good farming land, including a well-improved farm. Mr. Smith was married in 1877 to Miss Willie A. Bell, born in Stewart county in 1859, daughter of Charles and Susan (Singer) Bell. Mr. Bell was a native Georgian and a teacher by profession. He was a soldier in the Indian war of 1836, and died in
Marion count}-. The offspring of this union were eight children: Eurela, Lena, Alberta. Arthur. Rubbie, Mary, Lillie, and Willie A. Mr. and Mrs. Smith are prominent and exemplary members of the Methodist church.

C B. STOREY, farmer, Buena Vista, Marion Co., Ga., son of Benjamin A. " and Emily (Parsons) Storey, was born in Marion county in 1846. His
grandfather Storey was a native of Ireland, came to the United States in youth and settled in Warren count}-, Ga. Mr. Storey's father was born in Warren county, and moved to Marion count}- in 1837. He was a farmer, owned much land and
a great many slaves when he died. His maternal grandfather, James Parsons, was a native of Jefferson count}-, Ga. Mr. Storey was reared on the farm and educated at the common country school. In 1863 he enlisted in the Fifth Georgia battalion. Capt. F. M. McKinney, and was engaged in the battles of
Griswoldville and East Macon, was captured by Col. Wilson, but released on parole of honor. When he came home from the war he found himself stripped of all property except a small tract of land. He has worked hard and practiced frugality, and is now possessed of 600 acres of good land and a fine home, and he has the good will and the esteem of his fellow-citizens. He has been a justice of the peace and in 1881 was elected to represent the count}7 in the general assem
bly. In that body he was placed on the following committees: Agriculture, peni tentiary and auditing. Mr. Storey was married in 1865 to Miss Sarah Peacock, born in Marion count}- in 1848, daughter of Benajah and Eleanor (Thompson)
Peacock, by whom he has had seven children: Lessie, Thomas J., Howell, Crawford, Rubie. Pearl and Emerald. Mr. Storey is a master Mason, and himself and
wife are exemplary members of the Missionary Baptist church.

M'DUFFIE COUNTY SKETCHES.
M'DUFFIE COUNTY.
ISAAC A. GIBSON, principal high school, Thomson, McDuffie Co., Ga., son of Dr. Cicero and Mary H. (Adkins) Gibson, was born on the old family planta
tion in Warren county, Ga., June 30, 1861. He was the sixth of nine children (eight sons and one daughter) six of whom survive. Raised on the plantation, Prof. Gibson received during his boyhood and youth only such schooling as could be obtained at the country common school. Ambitious of a higher education, when he was eighteen years of age he taught school a term of months to earn the money to help him through college. He then entered Emory college, Oxford, Ga., and at the end of three years graduated with the degree of A. B. Three years later his alma mater paid him the distinguished comgliment of conferring upon him the degree of A. M.--an honor he very highly appreciates. After graduating he taught school a year to earn the money wherewith to pay for further literary and scientific advancement. He then went to Louisville, Ky., where he first graduated from Woody's school in microscopy and chemistry, and then attended a course at the medical college of Kentucky. Having, by this time, depleted his exchequer, he came home and taught school another year, and then attended Atlanta Medical college, from which he graduated in 1885. Returning to Warren county, he resumed his vocation in the room where he first taught, and remained there three years, gaining valuable experience and professional reputation. Six years ago he came to Thomson, where he is now principal of the high school, and where he has continuously added to his reputation and extended his influence. So assiduous has he been in the discharge of his duties, and so solicitous for the moral and intellectual elevation of those entrusted to his care, that it is claimed for him by the citizens of Thomson that he has done more good in helping; young and old to obtain an education than all the schools for miles around--testimony that any one might be proud of. Prof. Gibson was married Feb. 25, 1886, to Miss Mamie L., daughter of William Gross, of McDuffie county, by whom he has had t\vo children--a son, seven years, and a daughter, five years old. The professor is a royal arch Mason, and an exemplary member of the Methodist church. His valuable services are highly appreciated by the people of the prosperous little city and county, so that his continuance in his present position will depend on his own choice.
C S. HARRISON, surgeon, Thomson, McDuffie Co., Ga., son of E. S. and Eugenia E. (Jones) Harrison, was born on the old family plantation in
Columbia county, Ga., Dec. 2, 1849. His father's family was among the first settlers of Columbia countv, and his mother was a daughter of the first Jones that settled there. They raised seven children--four boys and three girls--and of the parents and children there are now living the father and all the children, excepting one girl. During his boyhood and youth Dr. Harrison pursued his studies at home, a plain, common school course, and at the age of seventeen entered the university of Georgia, at Athens. There he took a full course, and was grad uated with the degree of A. B. In his class were the following, who have since risen to political and judicial distinction: United States District Judge Emory Speer; William Beane, who shared the first honor with Judge Speer; Judge Howard Van Epps, Atlanta; Ben H. Hill, Jr., ex-United States district attorney; Charles A. Collier, president Capital City bank and Cotton States and Interna tional exposition; Ed. Hammond, leading lawyer, Atlanta bar, and Hon. James

494

MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

Edwards, and others. After reading medicine a year he attended the medical college of Georgia, at Augusta, from which lie graduated with distinction. Soon afterward he located at Thomson, where he has since remained. During the war between the states he went with the Georgia Cadets from Marietta to Milledgeville. and saw active service when only fifteen years of age. Having made a specialty of surgery, he has acquired an enviable state-wide reputation for superior skill and ability and continuous success. He is frequently sent for from distant localities for consultation and to assist in operative surgery in delicate and difficult cases. He has been sent for to go to Augusta, and the medical profession of that and other cities have importuned him to permanently settle among them, that a larger portion of the people, particularly of suffering humanity, could have the benefit of what they regard his superior scientific attainments and practical skill in surgery. But no inducements have been offered, and, seemingly, none can be, strong enough to draw him from the quiet and delightful home-life now his in his happy domestic circle. These have charms for him far outweighing the wealth and honor that might be his. Notwithstanding this, the question may yet reach his r.-.ind and conscience, as to whether he has the moral right to withhold his great abilities from suffering humanity--to 'liide his light under a bushel.'' Dr. Harrison was married Dec. 4. 1879. to Miss Fanny Hamilton, of Thomson, who has borne him six children--three sons and three daughters.

CLIAS W. HAWES. sheriff. Thomson. McDuffie Co.. Ga.. son of Dr. E. C. and Arnanda i"\Vilson'> Hawes. was born in Wrightsborough. McDuffie Co., Xov.
33. 1854. His mother was a daughter of Elias Wilson. McDuffie county. From the time he became of school age until he was fifteen years old. he attended the common schools of the county, \\~hen nineteen he commenced farming on his own account, and made it a life pursuit until 1889, when he was elected sheriff of the county. He has been continuously re-elected since, and as he has proved himself to be one of the best sheriffs in the state, he will be likely, unless he voluntarily retires, to hold the office as long as he lives. Determined and cool, courageous almost to recklessness--knowing no fear--he executes the law, and is a terror to evil-doers. But like all truly brave men, Sheriff Hawes is humane--a charac teristic which came near costing him his life since his incumbency of the sheriffalty. In response to this sentiment, he had put all the prisoners in the count}- jail in one large room in the spring of 1894. where a fire "could be made for their comfort They planned an escape. Having detached a portion of a balluster rail, one of them struck him a powerful blow over the head as he was going up the steps to feed them, fracturing his skull and nearly killing him: but by his determined, obstinate courage, he baffled them in their attempt, and put down the uprising. He was very seriously injured: but. sustained by a good constitution and a strong will, he pulled through, and bids fair to live long to serve as the fearless, faithful sheriff of McDuffie count)-. At present he is the county's unanimous choice. Sheriff Hawes was married" in Warrenton, Ga., Dec. 10, 1885, to Mrs. Adella (nee Heath > Wilder--widow of A. Wilder, and daughter of Richard Heath, Warrenton--by whom he has had six children, two sons and four daughters, of whom two daughters have died. Sheriff Hawes is a master Mason, and commands the respect and confidence of all classes of his fellow-citizens.
1OHX L. HOLZEXDORF. merchant. Thomson, McDuffie Co., Ga., was born on the plantation of Mrs. William Casey, Camden county, Ga., July 27. 1848.
He went to school in St. Mary's. Ga.. until he was ten years of age, when he went to his grandmother, at King's Fern', Fla_. where he remained until 1860. He then came to Thomson and went to school until 1862. In the latter part of 1864 he

M'DUFFIE COUNTY SKETCHES.
enlisted in a company organized at Augusta, Ga., a part of the Twentieth Georgia battalion, which command was assigned to Gen. Wade Hampton's corps in Virginia. While in this service he was an active participant in every battle in which his command was engaged--was never off duty or suffered a day's sickness. As evidence of the high appreciation in which this brave and meritorious young "soldier boy" was held, his commander told him that, but for the fact of his youth he would be honored by promotion; as an expression of the estimation in which he was held by his comrades, the corps presented him with a new overcoat, and an entire suit of Confederate gray. In 1865 he was sent to Georgia for a horse, and when at Augusta was pressed into service by Gen. Fry and placed under the com mand of Kolb, at Macon, Ga. From there he was sent to Montezuma, Ga., but without arms: and the surrender occurred before he could be supplied. After that event he walked from Montezuma to his home. Engaging with his father, he clerked for him until 1869, when he went into business for himself. He has built up a large and eminently prosperous business, and is one of the most successful and popular citizens of Thomson. Mr. Holzendorf was a member of the council three years, and then, immediately succeeding that service, he was elected mayor. So satisfactory to the people, and so beneficial to the city has his administration been, that he is credited with being the best mayor Thomson ever had, and has been successively re-elected five years--with a probability of being continued. He is an enthusiastic Mason, and has been exalted to the roval arch degree. His religious views tend to Universalism.
UERCULES JOHXSOX, lawyer, Thomson, McDuffie Co., Ga., son of William H. and Priscilla (Finch) Johnson, was born in Columbia count}', Ga. (in that
part set off to McDuffie), Sept. 22, 1861. He attended school in the county, teaching a portion of the time until he was eighteen years of age. After clerking in Thomson one winter he went to work on his father's farm, and continued there until 1884, when he returned to Thomson and entered upon the study of law under his brother. After one year's reading he was admitted to the bar. When admitted Mr. Johnson had just twenty-five cents in his pocket; obtained his license on a credit, and was already considerably in debt. He immediately opened an office in Thomson and entered upon the practice of his profession. He has worked up a large and remunerative clientage, attained to marked prominence, and, although young, is regarded as one of the leaders of the Thomson bar. He affords another and a strong and encouraging illustration of what can be accomplished under the adverse circumstances of a meager education, and the absence of money and influence. That Mr. Johnson has a brilliant future before him cannot be doubted. He is a member and secretary of Thomson council, Royal Arcunum, No. 1161.
DOBERT H. PEARCE, county treasurer, Thomson, McDuffie Co., Ga., son of James H. and Ann M. (Saunders) Pearce, was born in Marion, S. C, July 23,
1834. His mother was the daughter of John Saunders, Darlington, S. C. Until he was seventeen years of age he attended the old-time, "old-field" schools, and then went to a preparatory school in Spartanburg, S. C. Ater that he attended Furman's university at Greenville, S. C., where he remained three and one-half years and graduated with the degree of A. B. He then took a two-years' literary course and received certificates of proficiency entitling him to the degree of A. M. Thus equipped he taught school in Darlington, S. C., five months. After that he traveled for a time, taught school in Florida a year, and in December, 1856, returned to South Carolina. He then taught school at Horn's Creek, Edgefield district, S. C, awhile, when he was appointed railway and express agent at Marion, S. C., and in 1859 he was transferred to Marr's Bluff, where he was

496

MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

railway and express agent and postmaster. In addition to the above he \vas
elected principal of the Jeffries Creek, S. C., school. In 1861, when the war
between the states began, he enlisted in Company H, Eighth South Carolina regiment, was ordered at once to Richmond, Ya., and went from there to Manassas Junction, when the regiment became a part of the First brigade, First division, army of northern Virginia. Detailed as regiment commissary sergeant, he was
under fire two hours at the battle of First Manassas. Going from there to the peninsula he participated in the battle of Seven Pines and then in the seven days'
fight around Richmond. He had now become so broken down in health that he was discharged, and returned home. As soon as he was well enough he began
teaching again, but it was not long before he was called into the state service and sent with a body of troops to guard Cambahee river bridge in South Carolina. But when Gen. Sherman's army approached, not being strong enough to attack, they followed him through the northern part of the state until Spartanburg was
reached, where they were stationed. Just before the surrender the command was ordered to disperse, return home, and await further orders. On reaching home, and hearing of Potter's raiders (a roaming negro regiment on a round of devasta tion), Mr. Pearce joined a mounted company of disorganized and furloughed soldiers and pursued the marauders. When they overtook them they engaged
them in a skirmish and drove them out of that part of the state. Returning to Man^s Bluff, he taught school there until the latter part of 1866, when he removed
to Thomson, then in Columbia county, and taught school there and in the sur rounding country in 1867-68. In 1870 he was chosen principal of the Columbia institute, Thomson. In 1871, the count}- of McDuffie having been organized,
he was elected clerk of the superior court and county treasurer, one of which he has continuously held until the present time. In 1875 Mr. Pearce was elected
county school commissioner, which he held until 1890. when a law was passed forbidding the holding of two count}- offices at the same time. Such are his
peculiar qualifications he is elected secretary and treasurer, or both, of every
society or club or other organization in McDuffie count}-. Mr. Pearce was
married in Columbia county Dec. 18, 1872, to Miss Mary H., daughter of Virgil M. Barnes, of that count}-, who has borne him six children, four boys and two
girls, all of whom are living. The oldest daughter, Lulu M., is secretary and
treasurer of the people's (or populist) party paper, the "Daily Press," Atlanta, and though not so in name is actually business manager. Mr. Pearce is a Knight
of Honor, and an active, exemplar}- member of the Baptist church. He is
certainly a very useful, and it would seem, an indispensable member of the com
munity he so admirably serves.

1OHX F. SHIELDS, merchant Thomson. McDuffie Co., Ga.. son of E. A. and Susan (Brinckley) Shields, was born in Columbia count}-, July 23, 1854. His
parents were natives respectively of Columbia and Warren counties, and had five
children born to them, four boys and one girl, of whom our subject was the second child. He began going to school when ten years old. and when seventeen left school and engaged in clerking for Shields & Coldwell. Thomson. He remained in the store for two years, and then fanned two years, after which he opened a general merchandise store in Thomson, which he has continued ever since. Mr. Shields is one of the original settlers and business men of Thomson, and by his enterprise and energy has not only built up a large and prosperous business for himself, but has been largely instrumental in bringing Thomson to its present commercial prominence. When he began business here the entire country around traded in Augusta, but now Thomson not only controls the business of McDuffie
count}- but largely that of adjoining counties. He is a wide-awake, pushing

ATINTOSH COUNTY SKETCHES.

497

merchant, and a public-spirited and valuable citizen. Mr. Shields was married
Sept. 24, 1879, to Miss Eppie M., daughter of William A. Shields, of Morgan county, Ga., who has borne him seven children, five boys and two girls, of which two boys and two girls are living. Mr. Shields is a royal arch Mason, also a R. A., a member of the I. O. O. F., and an influential member of the Methodist church.

JOHN T. WEST, lawyer, Thomson, McDuffie Co., Ga., son of Rev. Thomas B. and Mildred (West) West, daughter of Maj. George W. West, Cedartown, Ga.,
. was born in Columbia (in what is now part of McDuffie) county, Feb. 28, 1859. His early education was obtained in the common country schools; later he went to school in Thomson to Prof. E. A. Stead (afterward a professor at Mercer university, Macon, Ga.) and T. M. Stead. After they resigned he continued his
studies under Rev. J. W. Ellington. For two or three years of the latter part of the time he attended this school he worked on the farm during the summer and attended the school in the fall. Completing there his preparatory studies, he
entered the sophomore class at Mercer university in 1878, and was graduated the latter part of 1881. In the spring of this year his father was taken seriously
ill, and he left college and returned home to nurse him and superintend the farm. But he continued his studies at home, and in a short time returned to college, stood
his examination, and received the degree of A. B. The next three years he managed the farm, in the meantime reading law under the direction of Maj. Joseph A. Blance. In January, 1884, he went to Cedartown, Ga., and studied
directly under Maj. Blance, and the following March was admitted to the bar. Returning to Thomson he located and immediately entered upon the practice. Mr. West has been eminently successful, and has built up a practice valuable as to
amount and extent He ranks high with the profession, and is regarded as one of the soundest and ablest lawyers at the McDuffie bar. He is popular with the people, has their confidence, and is considered as one of the solidest men in the
county in business and finance. He has accumulated a nice property, and was
one of the original incorporators of the bank of-Thomson, and is now a director in said bank and the attorney for the same. Some years ago he assumed the manage ment of the McDuffie "Enterprise" newspaper, then nearing suspension, and not
only restored it to life, but made it one "of the best county papers in the state. Mr. West was happily married May 13, 1884, to Miss Laura F. Hawes, daughter
of Dr. E. C. Hawes, of McDuffie county, who has born him two children, a son,
now nine, and a daughter six years of age. Mr. West is a royal arch Mason, and a past master of the blue lodge. Being a comparatively young man, and having
accomplished so much already, it may be safely assumed that a brilliant future
awaits him. He has never been a candidate for any political office, but has
devoted himself closely to the calls of his profession.

M'lNTOSH COUNTY.
A TWOOD. This is the name of a pioneer family of Mclntosh county, Ga., distinguished by reason of its aristocratic lineage, the pre-eminently valuable
services rendered by its members in the cause of freedom during the revolutionary
war, and bny-szthe high standing of its living representatives. It belongs to a

498

MEMOIRS OP GEORGIA.

pioneer family of Xe\v England, which early in the present century became con nected with that of one of the most illustrious of the pioneer families of Georgia. The following Attwood family genealogy is from Cothren's History of Ancient \\~oodbtiry. Conn.: "This has been a name of some consequence on the other side of the water. Sixteen different families have entered their coats of arms in the herald"s office. It has been a numerous family on both sides of the Atlantic. Ten of the name have graduated--it different colleges prior to 1853. The name of Attwood appears in Massachusetts, then in Connecticut John Attwood, gentleman, from London, brought over a large estate: was made a freeman in 1636. and was assistant in the Plymouth colony in 1636, and died in 1644. Capt. Thomas Attwood. of \Veathersfield, Conn., tradition says, was a captain of a com
pany under Oliver Cromwell. He was a physician of some note, and died in 1682. He married Abigail and had four children. His son. Dr. Jonathan, emigrated to \Voodbury. and was one of the early settlers."' Dr. Jonathan Attwood, Wood-
bury. Conn., ir.arried Sarah Terrell, Xov. 5, 1701: his son, Oliver, married Lois Wheeler. Xov. 2. 1740: his son. Elisha. married Mary, daughter of Dr. Henry Skilton: his son. Henry Skilton Attwood, of Watertown, Conn., married Ruth
Guernsey. His son. Henry Skilton Atwood (lie dropped one of the t'sl, was born in Watertown. Conn., and came to Savannah. Ga., when a lad of fourteen, where he began his career as a clerk in the establishment of an uncle. He was married in i8->5 to Miss Ann M.. daughter of John Lachlan Mclntosh. a descendant of the clans McCoy. McKenzie and Mclntosh, those noble bands of Highlanders who settled that portion of Georgia now known as Mclntosh county. They passed their married life at Cedar Point plantation, and reared the following family: Ruth Ann: Jane Margaret: Sarah Alice, deceased: William Henry: James Alfred: Matilda Alethia. deceased. George Elliott, John Mclntosh. Henry
S. Atwood lived to a good old age. and became one of the wealthiest planters in eastern Georgia. Capt. W. H. Arwood was born Oct. n, 1836, on Cedar Point plantation, and was married Aug. 15. 1867. to Miss Catharine G., daughter of James R. and Mary L. (Polhill1) Hints. One child blessed this union, the mother living in 1870. Capt. Atwood. Oct. 17. 1871. married fter sister, Tallulah E., who is the mother of six children: Henry G., Maud A., James R., Jane C., Elliott Me., and Sibyl J. These children are the sixth generation who have lived at Cedar Point, and" Capt. Atwood still holds the original grant to his ancestors from King George III. of England. Mr. and Mrs. Butts were natives, respectively, of Canterbury, Conn., and Georgia. The latter's father, John G. Polhill, was a judge of the superior court of Georgia, and died at Scottsboro, near MilledgeviHe. James R Butts, who became surgeon-general of the state of Georgia, was the great-grandson of Josiah and Elizabeth Butts, who were the parents of fourteen children. At one period of the revolutionary war they had seven sons and eight grandsons in the patriot army. Capt. Atwood is a man of great popularity, and is very public-spirited as will be seen by a brief statement of his public work and positions. He represented his county in the lower house of the legislature in 1876-77. and in the senate in 1886-87: is now sen-ing his second term as county commissioner: is a member of the democratic executive committee of the county: has for twenty years been a trustee of. Mclntosh county asylum: is president of a camp of Confederate veterans, and of the county agricultural society; is a member of the county board of education, and is chairman of the Union church society, which has built at Crescent one of the prettiest churches to be found in a country district. CapL Atwood entered the army in 1861 as a private. After six months the company was reorganized and he was elected first lieutenant, and a year later was promoted to the captaincy for efficiency and gallant conduct as a soldier.

M'lNTOSH COUNTY SKETCHES.

499

He served with his command in Florida, Georgia, North and South Carolina,
Tennessee and Virginia, and was mustered out at Hillsboro, N. C., under Gen.
Joseph E. Johnston. Capt. Atwood and his estimable wife live in a beautiful country residence at Cedar Point plantation, where friends and strangers are always regally entertained. The residence fronts a harbor, which, according to
the United States coast survey, can be entered by boats drawing twenty-eight feet
of water, a fact which will no doubt be utilized some day in the establishment of a port of entry.

J A. ATWOOD, fanner, Darien, Mclntosh Co., Ga., is a brother of Capt. W. H. " Atwood, and was born in Mclntosh county, Jan. 29, 1840. He was married in
1867 to Miss Ann Livingston, a daughter of Nicholas and Eliza Bayard. This is the same family to which ex-Secretary of State Bayard belongs. Her father was a resident of Xew York city in his earlier days, and served on the board of aldermen. To Mr. and Mrs. Atwood have been born Elise Barrington, Alfred Livingston, Bayard Mclntosh, Isabella Quintard, Ruth Marguerite, Annie Rosalee, Sarah Alice, James Kennith, and Mabelle. Mrs. Atwood and the children are members of the Presbyterian church. Mr. Atwood enlisted in 1861 in the Mclntosh dragoons, and served in the ranks until 1863, when he was detailed for special service by the secretary of war. ' He was paroled in Green county, Ga. He began life in mod erate circumstances, but later inherited a share of his father's estate--$i 50,000. Mr. Atwood, like his brother, is one of the leading men of his county, he and his family being in social touch with the best citizens.

QHARLES H. HOPKINS, farmer, Darien, Mclntosh Co., Ga., son of Charles H. and May (Givens) Hopkins, and was born Oct. 24, 1842, at Belleville,
Mclntosh Co., Ga., in the same room in which his father before him first saw the light. The mother was a native of Beaufort, S. C. The Hopkins family is an old and much-respected one of English descent. Stephen Hopkins, the great grandfather of the above-named gentleman, was a rear admiral in the British navy, his wife being a Miss Angelo, of Charleston, S. C., and of Italian lineage. Her father, Fillippo Martino Angelo, was a native of Italy, and her mother was a Miss Rurledge, of South Carolina. Their son, Gen. Francis Hopkins, was born near Bluffton, S. C., in 1772. His wife was Rebecca Sayre, of Hilton Head, S. C. He was a man of some prominence in his time, having served six terms in the general assembly from Mclntosh county. Mr. C. H. Hopkins, the subject of this sketch, was elected to the legislature in 1892, and was chairman of the com mittee on military affairs, his father having served in that body in 1838, and in the senate the following year. It will be noticed that each of the three generations has had a representative in the legislature, a fact which shows the very high appreciation in which the members of this family have been held by the citizens of the county. The plantation on which they now live has been in possession of the Hopkins family for three generations, since 1805. At the opening of the war, in
1861, Mr. Hopkins enlisted as lieutenant, and served to the close of the war. He was appointed by Gov. A. H. Stephens a member of his personal staff, with the rank of lieutenant-colonel. He has occupied numerous positions of public trust in his county, having served ten years as county ordinary, and as city marshal of Darien for eleven years. He was also jailer of Mclntosh county for eleven years, during which time he never had an escape, something exceedingly unusual for such a length of time. He was married Dec. 4, 1867, to Miss Matilda A., daughter of Henry Atwood, of Putnam county. Mrs. Hopkins died in March, 1869, and her remains are interred in Laurel Grove cemetery, Savannah, Ga. A member of the masonic fraternity, he is past master of that organization at Darien, and represented

MEMOIRS OP GKORGIA.
his lodge in the Grand lodge of 1883 and 1884. He is also past chancellor of the Knights of Pythias, of Inverness lodge. Xo. 29. He was made captain of the Mclntosh Light Dragoons, and accompanied them to Griffin in 1892. These few brief facts will set forth some of die interesting points in the history of one of the most prominent families of old Mclntosh county, and will serve to show to succeeding generations die high regard in which its earlier members were held in their day.
F)R- SPALDIXG KEXAX". a physician of fine ability and large practice at Darien. Mclntosh Co.. Ga-. is a native of that old historic city, Milledgeville.
where he was born in 1836. The principal part of his education was received at the Georgia Military institute, at Marietta. For a year he clerked in a cotton warehouse at Savannah, and dien went to Philadelphia, where he took a course of lectures in Jefferson Medical college, graduating from that institution in 1859. His first practice was at Euiaula. Ala. After a year he removed to Darien. and was shortly afterward appointed assistant physician of the State Insane asylum. Here he served two years, dien entered die army as assistant surgeon. Forty-fifth Georgia regiment. Returning home at die end of six months, he was appointed assistant surgeon of the conscript department, where he served till die close of the war. In 1866 he returned to Darien. where he has since lived. He has held the office of acting assistant surgeon, L'nited States marine hospital service for a number of years at this point. He is now mayor of Darien. and has served a num ber of terms in that capacity. Dr. Kenan was united in marriage to Miss Evelyn E., daughter of Louis and Elizabedi ^Bassi Livingston. of Columbus. Ga.. and to them were bom eight children: M. J.. L. L.. Randolph S.. Spalding. Evey, Elizabeth. Kate, and Aurie. Dr. Kenan is the son of Michael J. and Catharine ^Spalding' Kenan. the mother being a daughter of Thomas and Sarah (Leake) Spalding. Mr. Spalding was a man of much prominence in Darien. and wellknown throughout the state. He was in congress from his district in 1805-06. was president of the Darien bank for years, served in the legislature, and was chairman of the gubernatorial convention that nominated Howell Cobb. He was awarded by the English Mercantile association a solid silver cup for the first Sea Island cotton raised in Georgia. The Kenans came from Duplin. count}- Antrim. Ireland, and settled originally in Xonh Carolina. Kenansville. of that state, taking its name from the family. Dr. Kenan is distandy related to the Mclntosh family, prominent in Georgia, in early days. He is a type of the old respected family
'hysician. and wears his firry-nine years with dignity and honor.
MER1WETHER COUNTY.
H. ALBRIGHT, one of the most successful business men of die county of Meriwether. was bom in Sumpter. Ga.. in 1840, die son of Oswald and
Sarah A. lAYneless} Albright. His father was born Feb. 2g. 1819. in Franklin county. G~ of which county his parents. Jacob and Mary (Dixon) Albright, who were natives oi Xorth Carolina, were among the earliest setders. He, Oswald Albright. in 1836. ran away from home to serve in die Indian war. His wife was the daughter of Abb and Polly t'Tindall i Wheless. natives of Virginia, who made Gecrg-l their home at an early date. Although born in Georgia, young Albright

MERIWETHER COUNTY SKETCHES.

501

(W. H.) passed his boyhood and youth on a farm in Russell county, Ala., and returned to this state in 1858. He received such education as the country schools could afford, supplemented by one term at college, and also taught seven terms. Then, as did many of his comrades, he laid aside his high hopes, and responded to the call of duty, enlisting in 1861, in a company under Capt Dubpse, attached to the Fifth North Carolina battalion. But on account of his disabilities, the young man was discharged in 1862, and returned home the next year broken in health and without a cent wherewith to make a start in life. He, however, possessed superior qualifications, which fitted him for a business career, and he embarked in the mercantile trade, in which his success has been marvelous. By industry, integrity and persistent application to business he has amassed a fortune, and is one of the most honored citizens of this county. His wife was Miss Sarah Humphries, born in Meriwether county in 1844, tne daughter of Charles F. and Elizabeth (Sewell) Humphries, the former born in South Carolina in 1814, and an early settler of Georgia. Mr. and Mrs. Albright have been blessed with seven children, four of whom are living: William A., John O., Thomas D., and James C. The parents are both faithful members of the Methodist Episcopal church, and Mr. Albright is also a prominent Mason. He traces with pride the genealogy of his family to the day of the pilgrim fathers, when, in 1620, the first Albright landed in America. This man, named Jacob, was the father of four sons, and tlirough them rose the families of that name throughout America. Two counties of North Carolina--Guilford and Alamance--were named for members of the Albright family, who were noteworthy and popular.

yiRGIL BIGGERS, a successful fanner, is a native of Columbus, Ga., where he was born in 1850. His grandfather, Joseph Biggers, a revolutionary soldier,
brought his wife, Mary (Countryman) Biggers, and son, F. M. Biggers, from South Carolina, their native state, to settle in Columbus, Ga. The son developed excellent business talent, and carried on an extensive trade in Columbus for a number of years. His wife, Miss Louisa Gaston, was a daughter of Judge Alex ander and Louisa (Blair) Gaston, of South Carolina, who in 1802 came to Georgia, where for many years Judge Gaston held a prominent position in political affairs, as well as in those pertaining to the church, in which he was very active. Virgil, the son of F. M. and Louisa Biggers, having been reared upon the farm, where he had but limited educational advantages, developed a fondness, as well as an aptitude for agricultural pursuits, to which he has devoted himself, and with very great success. He has a large and fine farm of 700 acres, in an excellent state of cultivation, and is a man generally liked and respected. In 1876 Mr. Biggers married Miss Alice McClinan, a native of the county, born in 1860; she is the daughter of Freeman and Anna (Hammock) McClinan, the former a native of this county, and long a leading and influential citizen. Mr. and Mrs. Biggers have four children: Pierce, Marion, Clarence and Willis. The parents are earnest and faithful members of the Methodist Episcopal church, and Mr. Biggers belongs, also, to the masonic fraternity.

JOHN G. BROWN, who carries on an extensive farm in Meriwether county, of which he is a native, was born in 1835, and is the son of William and Mary
(Owen) Brown. The former, a native of Jones county, was born in 1810, and settled in Meriwether county in 1832. His parents, John and Millie (Miller) Brown, were early settlers of Baldwin county, to which Mr. Brown, whose father, Moses Brown, was a revolutionary soldier, came from South Carolina. William Brown's wife was the daughter of George Owen, a Virginian who settled in Meriwether county in 1830. John G. Brown passed his early years on the

502

MEMOIRS OP GEORGIA.

farm, securing such education as was attainable in the old log school house. In
1861 he enlisted in Company B, of the Thirteenth Georgia militia, under Capt Henry Baker. He served throughout the war, was in the battle of Atlanta, from July 19 to July 22, 1864, and other fights. He returned with empty pockets to make a new start in life. By prudence and economy, as well as diligence, his
means rapidly increased, and he has added from time to time to his farm, and is now the owner of a vast plantation in a fine state of cultivation ; he also runs a saw-mill and is a man of wealth and influence. He is an honored member of the order of masonry. In 1859 Mr. Brown married Miss Sarah Riggins, born in Upson county in 1838, daughter of Joshua H. and Winnie (Alford) Riggins.
Mr. and Mrs. Brown have been blessed with twelve children: Mary A. E., John G., Lou D., Charity E., Julius C, James T, Julia A., Jacob V., Jesse E. (deceased),
Joshua \V. (deceased), Anna M. and Esley C.

IAX BULLOCK. JR., a wealthy farmer and active man of business of Meriwether county, in which lie was born in 1848, is the son of Cyprian and Lucinda (Grey) Bulloch, North Carolinians, who were among the first settlers
of Burke county, Ga. Mr. Bulloch was born in 1802 and died in 1892; his
parents were Stephen and Man- (Bussey) Bulloch, of Xorth Carolina, the father a soldier in the war of the revolution. The mother of Cyprian Bulloch, Jr., was a daughter of Samuel Grey, a South Carolinian who served in the war of 1812, and
having drawn some land in Georgia, came and settled upon it, at a time when the country was very sparsely settled. The young Cyprian passed his early years
on the farm with but a limited education. He developed a talent for agriculture, and in 1876 made his first investment in land, to which he had added at intervals since until he now has an immense plantation of some 1,200 acres of fine land. Besides his farming interests Mr. Bulloch is engaged in various mercantile en terprises in connection with the firm known as Bulloch, Bussey & Co. In 1872
Mr. Bulloch married Miss Julia Parkman. who was born in this county in 1853, and is a daughter of Henry and Mary (Glanten) Parkman, South Carolinians,
who moved to Georgia in 1846; Mr. Parkman served in the late war. Mr. and Mrs. Bulloch have been blessed with seven children: Henry, Mattie, Julia, Minnie. Andrew, Ira G. and Samuel T. The parents are both members of the
Baptist church : Mr. Bulloch is also a member of the masonic fraternity.

M C. CAMPBELL, M. D., is a man distinguished among the citizens of Aleri* wether county, not only as a successful physician, but as a man of influence
in political and general affairs. His grandfather, John Campbell, a Virginian, served in the war of the revolution and in 1800 moved to Georgia. His son, Catlett. born in Virginia in 1797, having spent his early years in Morgan county, Ga.. settled on a farm in Meriwether count}- just after it was formed, and was
one of the most prosperous planters in that county during his day. Mr. Camp bell died in 1862: he had married Miss Susan Harris, whose parents, John and Agnes Ham?, were also Virginians who early made Georgia their home. Mr.
Harris had also been a soldier in the war of the revolution. The son of Catlett and Susan (Harris) Campbell. X. C. Campbell, was born in Meriwether county
in 1838. and after receiving an elementary education in the country schools near his home he completed his general course of study at Collinsworth institute. He then took up the study of medicine, reading at first under the tutelage of Dr. F. O. Danially: this was followed by a course in medicine at the university of New York, from which he graduated in 1860. He also enjoyed the advantages of hospital practice at Bellevue hospital, which was very helpful to him. In

MERIWETHER COUNTY SKETCHES.
1861 the young physician went into the army, enlisting in Company B, Second Georgia regiment, under Capt. William Harris. He passed through many bat tles: Mason's and Munson's hills, Yorktown, Seven Pines, serving throughout the war, to return at its close to establish himself in practice. In this Dr. Camp bell has been very successful, having a large and lucrative practice, and is widely known and respected. He represented his county in the legislature of 1890 and 1891. He is a well-known member of the order of Masons. In 1863 Dr. Campbell married Miss Mary E. Howard, born in Talbot county in 1842, a daughter of John and Martha (Birch) Howard, the former a son of Nicholas and Judith (Campbell) Howard, Virginians who settled in Columbus when their son John was quite young. The mother of Mrs. Campbell was born in Danville, Va., in 1818. She was the daughter of John Neville Birch and Ann (Dilworth) Birch, Virginians who moved to Georgia in 1820. Dr. N. C. Campbell and Mary (Howard) Campbell are the parents of three children: Eloise, Susie Howard and Mary Eugenia. The parents are efficient members of the Methodist Episcopal church south. r^EORGE CALDWELL, a progressive farmer of Meriwether county, is one of
the pioneers of the county, and of Irish ancestry, his grandparents, James and Mary Caldwell, and also his grandfather, McAlace, being natives of Ireland. James Caldwell was a soldier of the revolutionary war. These all settled in South Carolina, in which state their children, Robert and Jeanette (McAlace) Cald well, were born, and also the son of the latter pair, George Caldwell, born in 1816. The lad's home was on the farm, his school privileges being limited to attend ance in the old log school house of his district. On reaching manhood in 1837, his parents moved to Georgia, and he accompanied them. He made his home on a farm, and by his prudence, industry and economy has developed it into one of the valuable properties of the count}-, and has won a high standing in the community. His wife was Miss Eliza Connally, a daughter of Abner and Lucy (Bagley) Connally, old pioneers of the state; she was reared on a farm in Elbert county. Mr. and Mrs. Caldwell were married in 1837 and have six children: Missouri, Bethuel, Man-, William, John W. and Rebecca. Mr. Caldwell is a Lutheran, while his wife is a member of the Methodist Episcopal church.
J- CLARK is another of the respected citizens of Meriwether county who devotes himself to the cultivation of the soil. His grandfather, Thomas Clark, was born in England, and coming to the United States, settled in South Carolina, where he married. In 1824 he migrated to Georgia and settled first in what is now Meriwether county, whence not long afterward he moved to Coweta county, where he lived three years. He then moved to what is now Cherokee county, but after staying there a year he moved back to Meriwether county, where he made his permanent home. Henry G. Clark, Mr. Clark's father, was born in South Carolina in 1818, and was only six years old when his father moved to Georgia, and grew to manhood in Meriwether county. He married Miss Nancy J., daughter of George A. and Rebecca Ray, who were early settlers of Meriwether county. It was in this county, in 1848, that their son, W. J. Clark, was born and passed his early years upon the farm, with the limited school privileges of those days. His chief interest has always centered in agriculture, and to that he has devoted himself, and with great success, as is evident from the fact that though he started out in life with nothing, he has already acquired a competence, has a pleasant home and a fine farm of 500 acres near Oakland. His wife, whom he married in 1872, was Miss Lucy A. Estes, who

504

MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

was born in this county in 1845, and is the daughter of John W. and Lucy Estes, natives of South Carolina, but among Georgia's early settlers. To the union of Mr. and Mrs. Clark seven children have been born: Mattie J., Josie S., Mary L.,
Lizzie Etta, James W., Henry J. and Lewis C. Mr. and Mrs. Clark and daughters are members of the Missionary Baptist church. Mr. Clark is a Mason
and also a member of the Farmers' alliance.

B. CLARK, one of the active and successful business men of Meriwether ' count}-, is a native of this county, born in 1858; his parents, Henry G. and Xancy J. (Ray) Clark, were among the first settlers of this county, the father
being a native of Virginia and a son of Samuel and Susan (Drake) Clark. Samuel Clark was of Irish nativity, and having emigrated to this country in his early years, served in the war of 1812, and later came to Georgia. His son Henry's
wife, Xancy, was a daughter of'George R. and Nancy Ray, who were also early settlers of this count}-. W. B. Clark spent his early years, until he reached the age of twenty-one, upon the farm, making the most of such education as he could obtain in the country schools of his neighborhood. He then came to Rocky Mount and engaged as clerk with J. H. Salmon (a Scotchman who came to this country in 1878). After five years young Clark bought out his employer's busi ness, which he continued to cam- on with great success, and has acquired a con
siderable fortune by his own industry and economy. In 1890 he married Ann Braswell, a native of Meriwether county, born in 1873, and the daughter of Hugh and
Fannie (Roe) Braswell, old settlers of the state, the father a soldier in the late war.

D S. COLE is a grandson of Robert and Elizabeth (Fambrel) Cole, Virginians, " who were among the early settlers of Xewton count}-, Ga., and later moved
to Coweta county, where, in Xewnan. Mr. Cole died. Their son. Jesse, who had accompanied his parents from Virginia to Xewton count}', married Miss Elizabeth Crawttiril. a daughter of William T. and Elizabeth (Shanklin^ Crawford, natives ot >outh Carolina, who were among the early settlers of Henry county, Ga.
One son. Taylor Crawford. served in the Mexican war under Gen. Taylor. R. S. Cole, the son of Tcsse and Elizabeth Cole, was born in 1820. in Xewton county, and reared on the farm in Henry county, coming to Meriwether county in 1842. His educational opportunities had been very limited, and he began life for him self with hut very little to start with: but by determined effort and persistent industry he has acquired wealth and influence. His large farm consists of 1.500 acres of land, in splendid condition. He has a beautiful home, and he and his family enjoy the respect of all who know them. His wife, whom he married in 1841. was Miss Xancy Ward, born in Meriwether county in 1819. She is a daughter of Obadiah and Susan (Fambrel') Ward, the former a native and constant resident of Meriwether county. Mr. Cole belongs to the masonic fraternity, and
he and Mrs. Cole are both faithful members of the Methodist Episcopal church. The}' are the parents of six children: William T., Franklin, Elisa, John, Jesse, and

J11OXROE DAVIDSOX. one of the well-to-do farmers of Meriwether county, is a native of Purnam county, born in 1832. His grandfather. William
Davidson. a Virginia soldier of the revolutionary war. came to this state not long after that war. and his son Oliver, the father of Monroe, was born in Warren county. He served in the Indian war of 1836. and his wife was Miss Harriet A.
Davenport, a daughter of John and Xancy (Davis") Davenport, Virginians, who settled first in Greene county. Ga. and afterward in Harris county. Young Mon-

\V. B. CLARK.

MERIWETHER COUNTY SKETCHES.

505

roe passed his early years on a farm in Harris county, with the common privileges

*j

of 'the country school. In 1862 he enlisted, joining Company H of the Thirty-

!

first Georgia regiment, under Capt. Murphey, and was in many battles, among

:

them those of Griswoldville and of Cold Harbor, in the latter of which he was

badly wounded and unable to serve any further. He returned home, and after

recovering from his wound devoted himself to the cultivation of his farm, in

j

which he has been well prospered. At the time of the war Mr. Davidson sold his

j

negroes, receiving in payment Confederate money. He has that money yet.

I

.In 1859 ^r- Davidson married Miss Regina Park, the daughter of Dr. Andrew

ij

and Alethia (Burren) Park, the former a native of South Carolina, who came to

m

j

this state in 1828. The daughter, Mrs. Davidson, was born in Meriwether

"

J|

count}- in 1838. To Mr. Davidson and his wife three children have been born:

?

Alethia A., Anna M., and Regina P. The parents are both worthy members of

-;

the Methodist Episcopal church.

I

JOHN T. DIXON, M. D.. a physician of note in Meriwether county, and a man
of fine business ability, is a native of the county, born in 1837, the son of John L. and Elizabeth (Gorley) Dixon. The former was a native of Hancock county, but an early settler of Meriwether county, where he died in January, 1892. His
parents were Harry and Ann (Hines) Dixon, Virginians, who early settled in Georgia. Mr. Dixon served in the war of 1812. The father of Dr. Dixon's mother was also an early settler of the state. Dr. Dixon himself passed his early years on the farm, obtaining his early training in the old log school house of
his district; then he attended the Greeneville school, and finally the Colinsworth
institute. In 1861 he enlisted in Company E of the Twenty-eighth Georgia regiment, under Capt. Moore. In the battle of Seven Pines Mr. Dixon was badly wounded and returned home to recruit. During the twelve months he was away from the army he took a course of medical study in the Virginia Medical college, at Richmond, and then went into the hospital service for the remainder of the war. He then entered the medical college in Atlanta, from which he graduated in 1866. Having received his degree, Dr. Dixon returned to Meri wether county, and established himself in the practice of his profession at Woodbury, in which he has had great success, his practice being widely extended and very lucrative, and he is highly esteemed throughout the community. Dr.
Dixon was married in 1865, his wife being Miss Celeste E. Hussey, a daughter of Hiram and Sarah (Edwards) Hussey, of Meriwether county, where Mrs. Dixon was born, in 1844. She was a consistent member of the Methodist Episcopal
church, south, and died in 1891, leaving her husband with seven children: Sallie, Mary I., Emmett E., John L., Harry, Joel T., and Nellie. In 1892 Mr. Dixon
married Mrs. H. H. Hinton, who was born in Meriwether county in 1838. and is the daughter of Brown Fuller. Dr. and Mrs. Dixon are both faithful and consistent members of the Methodist Episcopal church.

I~\ C. DUNLAP, a prosperous farmer and active business man of this county, is a native of Lincoln county, Tenn., born in 1823. His parents were James
and Sarah (Massey) Dunlap, the former born in South Carolina in 1790, and served in the Indian war; .the latter a daughter of James Massey, a native of Ireland, who was an early settler in Giles county, Tenn. James Dunlap's parents were David and Polly Dunlap, who early moved from South Carolina to Ala bama, being among the very first settlers of Tuscaloosa, in that state. Mr. Dunlap had been one of the soldiers of the revolution. Young Dunlap spent his boyhood in the place of his birth, the farm in Lincoln county. Tenn.. with very

506

MEMOIRS OP GEORGIA,

restricted educational privileges. In 1843 ne went to Tuscaloosa, Ala., where he spent three years. In 1850 he came to Georgia and built a large mill at White Sulphur Springs, in the southern part of Meriwether county, and in 1854 he moved to his present home, near Rocky Mount. Here, in 1875, he built a large public gin and machine shops, his being the first steam gin erected in this county. In 1877 it was destroyed by fire, two men, a white and a negro, being the incen diaries; the latter died in prison. . By this fire Mr. Dunlap lost 6,200; but, never theless, this loss did not discourage him, and he has been quite prosperous in later years. His unbounded energy and steady industry have been the foundation of his success, and he has always been highly respected wherever known. He served with honor to himself in the late war, enlisting in 1862 in the Twenty-sixth Georgia battalion, under Capt. Robert Heard, taking part in the battles of Resaca and Missionary ridge, and others, and doing his part until the declaration of peace. The marriage of Mr. Dunlap took place in 1852, his wife being Miss Francina Brittain. born in Clark county, Ga., Sept. 18, 1832, a daughter of William and Mary (Harris) Brittain, the former also a native of Clark county, born in 1804. Six child'ren have been born to Mr. and Mrs. Dunlap, of whom the eldest. Sarah, E.. wife of Barney Almon, died in 1882. The others are: Mary E., Louisa, James D., John H.. and Robert R. The parents are faithful members of the Presbyterian church. Mr. Dunlap is a member of the order of Masons. He was also for some years justice of the peace, from 1866 through 1868.

I D. DUXX, a prosperous farmer, and a man of remarkable mechanical talent " and skill, is a native of Meriwether county, in which he was born in 1828; his
parents, William and Beddy (Johnston) Dunn, having settled in this county the preceding year. Here his father, who was born in Jones county, Ga., in 1800, built what is known as the Greeneville road. He was the son of Alexander and Beddy (O'Xeal) Dunn, the former a native of Maryland and a soldier of the revolutionary war. who, after residing in Jones county for a considerable time, removed to Chambers count}-, Ala., where he passed the closing years of his life. The wife of William Dunn was the daughter of David Johnston, an early settler of Jasper county, Ga. The son, J. D. Dunn, was reared upon the farm, with the few advantages for education of that early period. In 1850 he moved into Woodbury, Meriwether Co., where he, having learned the trade of carriage and buggy making, engaged in that business. In 1861 he enlisted in the militia under Capt Frank Strozier, and was elected adjutant After the war Mr. Dunn returned to his business in Woodbury, and has a large establishment and thriving trade-- carriage building. He is also a skillful house carpenter, and has done some marvelously fine work in that line. The Robert E. Lee institute at Thomaston, Upson Co., now a college of considerable note, is a monument of his mechanical skill. Mr. Dunn is a man of varied talents; he has been justice of the peace for eighteen years, winning the esteem of all with whom he has been concerned; has been a member of the democratic executive committee for the past two years, and withal has found time to oversee the affairs of his large and beautiful farm in the vicinity of Woodbury, and prove himself a practical farmer. He is a member of the Odd Fellows and the masonic fraternity. In 1848 Mr. Dunn married Miss Catherine F. Findley, daughter of Riley and Catherine (Oliver) Findley, who were early settlers of this county, in which Mrs. Dunn was born Dec. 14, 1831. Mr. Dunn and his wife are both active members of the Missionary Baptist church; they were blessed with two children: John D. and Kittie P. On Jan. 5, 1891, Mr. Dunn was bereft of his wife by death.

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M R. EDGE, a prosperous citizen of this county, has passed through many vicissitudes in the years of his life. He is the son of Joseph and Mar garet (Flint) Edge, the former born in Wilkes county in 1803, and died in Meriwether county in 1886; his father, Nehemiali Edge, a South Carolinian, was one of the earliest settlers of Wilkes county. Here in 1826 William R. was born and here he passed his boyhood, obtaining such education as he was able to do in his country home. Later he began working for himself at the rate of seven dollars per month, at which rate he worked for three years: then he was overseer for a time, after which he went into the milling business. He fell a victim to the "gold fever," and spent some time in California in search of that much-sought mineral. He served also through the war, enlisting in 1862 in Company B, First Georgia cavalry, under Capt. J. W. Trammell; he was in the battle at Philadel phia and was in all the engagements during the memorable "march to the sea," being in those forces before Sherman all the way. Since the war he has been engaged in several different kinds of business, but has been especially successful in farming, as his large and beautiful and*well-kept plantation on the Flint river bears witness. Mr. Edge married in 1855 his wife, Miss Catherine Boyd, being the daughter of Milton and Jane (Douglass) Boyd, of South Carolina, who came to Georgia in 1830. One daughter, Emma C., was born to Mr. and Mrs. Edge;
she is now the wife of W. P. Lovelace. Mrs. Edge died in 1875 and in 1877 Mr. Edge married Mrs. Amanda (Miller) Knowles, a daughter of Jacob and Mary (Lovelace) Miller, of Wilkes county. Mrs. Edge is a member of the Methodist
Episcopal church; her husband is a member of the masonic fraternity.

I EWIS EDWARDS, a well-known and esteemed farmer of Meriwether county,
is of Virginian ancestry, his grandfather, Henry Edwards, being a native of Virginia and a soldier, a sharpshooter, during the revolutionary war. Soon after the war he migrated with his family to Georgia and settled in Clarke county. His wife was Mary Woodson, an orphaned English girl who, on account of the harsh laws and cruelly severe penalties of those days, was obliged to leave the country for the simple act of plucking a bunch of grapes. Their son, Lewis H. Edwards, was born in 1812 and died in 1884. He married Mildred Lane, a daughter of Benjamin and Sarah Lane, also .natives of Virginia, and old residents of Georgia. In 1837 Mr. Edwards moved to Meriwether county, where in 1848 his son Lewis was born, and reared upon the homestead farm. His early privileges of education were limited to those of the common country school, and these were much im paired by the onset of the war. With the return of peace he too returned to his Georgia home, and in the peaceful pursuits of agriculture soon forgot the toils and dangers of war. He has made a success of his calling, owning now a beau tiful and well cultivated farm of 260 acres and enjoying the respect of the entire community. His fellow citizens have thrown on him the responsibilities of the position of justice of the peace. In 1872 Mr. Edwards married Miss Mary Estes, a daughter of John W. and Martha (Fuller) Estes, the former a native of South Carolina, who came to Georgia many years ago, where, in Meriwether county, he is a prominent fanner. Mrs. Edwards was born in this county in 1844, and she is a member of the Missionary Baptist church. The union of Mr. and Mrs. Edwards has been blessed with three children: John L., Lucy and Marietta.

AX7 F. FLORENCE, one of the prosperous agriculturists of this county, is of
Virginia stock, both his grandfathers, who had served with bravery in the revolutionary war, having settled in Georgia the early part of this century. His
father, William Florence, was born in Washington county, Aug. n, 1805, and his

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mother, Millie A. (Arnett} Florence, was born in Virginia, Jan. 2, 1808. - In 1838
their son, \V. F. Florence, was born in \\~ilkes count}-, and the next year the family moved to Meriwether county, which became their permanent home. Mr. Florence is now occupying the house his father built for his family the years pre
ceding the removal In those days educational opportunities were very limited,
but young Florence made the best of such as fell to his lot In 1861 he enlisted in the army, enlisting in Company B, Second Georgia regiment, under Capt W.
T. Harris. He took part in a number of the most important engagements of the \var, Manassas, seven days before Richmond, Fredericksburg, Harper's Ferry, Hagerstown and Gettysburg. He buried Col. Harris, who was killed at Gettys
burg; he himself was wounded at the battle of Seven Pines and was carried bleed ing off the field; at Shepherdstown he received a wound in the arm--in fact was wounded at four different times during the war; in the battle of Chickamauga
his arm was badly shattered, but he heroically held out to the end of the war in 1865. and returned home to begin life for himself, and with no money. By energy and industry Mr. Florence soon began to win his way and accumulate money, buying his first land in 1867, to which he had been able to add since,
so that he now owns a large and productive farm and is comfortably established, possessing also the true respect of all who know him; has been for some time bailiff of "his district Oct 30, 1873, he married Miss Mary J. Russell, whose parents, John and Mary A. (Cappleman) Russell, natives of South Carolina, were
among the early settlers of the state. Mrs. Florence was born in this county in December. 1846. She is a worthy member of the Baptist church, while her hus band is a Presbyterian. He also belongs to the Masonic fraternity. Mr. and
Mrs. Florence have five children: Lottie, Hugh, Lena, James and Dosia.

T\ AVID FREEMAN* is another of the tillers of the soil of Meriwether county, who by industry and uprightness have attained prosperity. He is a grand
son of James and Rebecca (Rymes) Freeman, the former a native of Tennessee, but \vho passed the greater part of his life in the city of Rome, Ga. He was a soldier in the war of 1812. His son, J. C, was born in Clinton, Jones Co., Ga., in 1819, and married Miss Amanda Xeal, a daughter of James and Mary (Rucker) Xeal. tie former a native of Warren county, Ga., and a soldier of the revolution. Mr. Freeman moved to Meriwether county in 1848; he served during the late war in the state militia, and has represented his district Griffin district, in congress. His son, David Freeman, was born in Zebulon, Pike Co., in 1847; he has passed no: only his early years, but those of manhood also, on the farm in Meriwether county, still residing in the old homestead, and within sight of one of the first houses built in the county, which is a part of his property. The Flint river, on whose borders his plantation lies, is here somewhat shallow, which gives the place its name. "Flat Shoals." In the old Flat Shoals college young Freeman obtained a part of his education, which he completed in Griffin. He has been more fortunate than many in the respect of excellent educational opportunities. As a farmer and a man of business he has been prospered and is well respected
by all
\\' F. GAY is one of those citizens of Meriwether county who may point with * pride to patriotic ancestry, two of his great-grandfathers having served with
valor in the revolutionary struggle. Some time after the war the son of one of these men. Benjamin Gay. brought his wife. Mrs. Ann (Gay) Gay. from their native state. Xorth Carolina, to settle in Georgia. Their son. Columbus Gay. married Ixlisf Martha ?afser. daughter of William and Elizabeth fBeverly) Sasser. The

MERIWETHER COUNTY SKETCHES.

509

father of the former served through the revolution under Gen. Washington, and
to the day of his death bore on his head the scars of several wounds received in that war. This family was also of North Carolina nativity, but William Sasser
came to Georgia early in the century and settled in Monroe county. The move being made in mid-winter, with the ground frozen, and the settlement in the
woods, much suffering and privation was entailed upon the settlers while, with the aid of kind neighbors, they constructed a home. Mr. Sasser served in the
war of 1812, and in 1829 transferred his family to Meriwether county and again created a home in the wilderness. In these days of comfort, with the countless conveniences of modern life, it is hard to realize what our predecessors of one or two generations had to endure. Around this lonely home towered the primeval forest, in whose shadows lurked the timid deer and the ravenous wolf. Many a night were the slumbers of the pioneer family broken, and their hearts filled with fear, by the hideous and terrifying howls of the wolves. Many a morning saw their stock of sheep, pigs or calves diminished as the result of these marauding visits. Neighbors were distant and privileges few. For years they rode fifteen miles for the purpose of attending cnurcK. Mr. Sasser, desiring to increase the educational facilities for his own and his neighbor's children, gave two acres of land for the purpose of erecting an academy. The son of Columbus and Martha (Sasser) Gay, W. F. Gay, was born here in 1850. He passed his early years on the farm, but received a good education, and has developed a very fine business talent, as well as cultivating his farm with great success. For twelve years he has resided at Gay, carrying on a thriving mercantile trade. The respect in which he is held by his fellow-citizens is evinced by the responsibilities they have laid upon him. He has been county bailiff, justice of the peace, and for the last six years county commissioner. His wife was Miss Anna Culpepper, daughter of Charles and Jane (English) Culpepper, old settlers of Coweta county, and natives of South Carolina. Mr. Culpepper was a soldier in the late war. Mrs. Gay was born in Coweta county in 1849, and is a member of the Primitive Baptist church. Mr. and Mrs. Gay were married in 1869, and their union has been blessed with eleven children: John, Emma, Lula, Mattie, Henry, Leila, Joe, Dallie, Ben,
Bessie and Iva.
HENRY P. HARRIS, one of Georgia's illustrious sons, is of Scotch-Irish ancestry, descended from one of the seven brothers who came to America early in the history of the colonies, and who were the progenitors of this family in this country. His grandfather, Absalom Harris, was born in Virginia, and in 1795 removed with his family to Georgia, settling in Hancock county. His son, Henry, ,
born in Virginia in 1781, married Miss Mary Sasnett, daughter of Richard Sasnett, an early settler of Georgia from North Carolina, and a lineal descendant of Gov. Borden, the colonial governor of North Carolina. Henry R., the son of Henry and Mary (Sasnett) Harris, was born in Hancock county in 1828, and in 1830 his father removed with his family to Meriwether county and settled on a plantation near Greenville. Here young Harris grew to manhood, receiving his primary education in the school at Greenville. One of his first teachers was Hon. Lyman Trumbull, later member of congress, and now at the head of the bar in Chicago. Later Mr. Harris completed a successful course at Emory college, and is one of the most accomplished among the graduates of that noble institution, where he fitted himself for the distinguished positions he has since been called upon to fill. In 1872 he was elected to represent his district in congress, in which office he was continued for six years, the last two of which he was a member of the ways and means committee. In 1884 he was elected for another term, and was appointed by John G. Carlisle to the same important

MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.
committee--ways and means. At the close of this term of office he was appointed third assistant postmaster-general, under President Cleveland, and discharged the duties of this office with honor and fidelity. Since his return from Washing ton Col. Harris has lived in comparative retirement upon his plantation, engaged in his private affairs, and in thoughtful consideration and earnest effort for the interests of the Wesleyan Female college and La Grange Female college--he being a member of the board of trustees of each of these institutions. The po sitions of responsibility and influence to which Mr. Harris has been called are indicative of the respect in which he is held, and he is equally well liked by all who know him. Early in life, in 1847, Mr- Harris married Miss Eliza Gresham, whose parents, Albert Y. and (Wells) Gresham, natives of Virginia, were early settlers of Clarke count}-, Ga., where Mrs. Harris was born in 1830. Mrs. Harris, a consistent member of the Methodist Episcopal church, south, died in 1880, leaving her husband with six children: Mary, Henry R., Ella, Fannie, Lena, and Albert Y. In 1886 Col. Harris married Miss Kate Moses, whose parents, S. Preston and Lizzie (Tucker) Moses, natives of South Carolina, were for a long period residents of Washington, D. C, where Mr. Moses died in 1883, and where his widow still resides. Mrs. Harris was born in 1854, in Olympia, Wash., where her father was collector of customs. Col. and Mrs. Harris are both active workers of the Methodist Episcopal church south, of which they are worthy members. CoL Harris is also an honored member of the masonic fra ternity. UIRAM WARXER HILL is a native of this county, in which his father, Alex
ander Franklin Hill, a successful planter, was for many years a resident The family are among the pioneers of the state, to which Mr. Hill's grandparents came from Xorth Carolina, in the latter part of the last century. Wiley Hill settled in Wilkes county, and there in 1800 their son, Bur .veil P., was born; he married Martha Pope Johnson, and their son, Alexander Franklin Hill, was born in the same county in 1831; he died in 1888. His wife was Miss Mary J. Warner, a daughter of Hiram and Sarah (Abercrobie) Warner, the former eminent, not only among the citizens of his own state, but of his country, occupying as he did, the elevated and responsible office of chief justice of Georgia. He was born in the state of Massachusetts in 1802, his parents being Obadiah and Jane Warner, natives of that state, the former a son of Joshua Warner, the latter a daughter of Capt Coffin of Martha's Vineyard. From this patriotic and honor able ancestry was descended Judge Warner, who in his early manhood,, in 1821, made a home in Georgia, where his death occurred in 1881. His grandson and namesake, Hiram Warner Hill, was born in 1858 of this brave and honorable race. During his boyhood, passed on the farm, he attended the schools of Green ville, Ga., and afterward Emory college, later taking a law course at Harvard university, from which he received his degree in 1881, and returned home to begin the practice of his profession. In this he has been very successful and is highly esteemed; he has for eight successive years (since 1886) been elected to represent his county in the state legislature, which responsibility he has borne with honor to himself and satisfaction to his constituency. During four years of tliis time he was chairman of the general judiciary committee of the house. In 1884 Mr. Hill married Miss Lena Harris, a daughter of Henry R. and Eliza A. (Gresham) Harris. Hr. Harris, a native of Hancock county, has been a very influential man in his state, for which he served during the late war as colonel. He was for six years a member of congress, and three years third assistant post master-general of the United States. Mr. and Mrs. Hill are both active and faith ful members of the Methodist Episcopal church south, and Mr. Hill is an honored

MERIWETHER COUNTY SKETCHES.
member of the masonic fraternity. They have been blessed with six children: H. W., Jr.; Eliza; A. F.; Lena; Mary, and Henry R. Lena died in 1893, and Henry in 1895.
A J. HINTON, one of the well-known and esteemed citizens of Meriwether county, of which he is a native, was born in August, 1841. His grandfather,
John Hinton, a soldier of the revolution, shortly after that war came with his wife, Huldah, from North Carolina, their native state, to Georgia. Here in Wilkes county, where they had settled, their son Jesse was born in 1802, and spent his early years, marrying Miss Clara Wells, a daughter of William and Sallie Wells, natives of the same county. Mr. Hinton was an industrious and energetic man, and a prosperous farmer, and his son A. J. has inherited those valuable qualities. His early years were passed upon the farm, his first steps in the pathway to knowledge being made by the way of the old log school house of his district, after which he attended Griffin college. Before he had attained his majority the war broke out, and in 1862 he enlisted in Company K, Fifty-fifth Georgia regiment, under Capt. Milton P. Tucker. During the time that he was connected with this regiment he was not in any battle, but, his term of enlistment having expired, he returned home, and then re-enlisted, going out as captain of Company B, Ninth Georgia regiment. In this company he was in many battles, among them Atlanta and the fall of Savannah. Capt. Hinton shared in the poverty of his men, and the southern forces in general, and returned penniless from the war, and for several years engaged in farming. In 1873 he was elected clerk of the court, and, therefore, moved into Greeneville; he served two terms as clerk, and in 1877 was elected ordinary, to which office he has been re-elected every term since, which fact has well attested his faithfulness and efficiency in the duties of his office. Capt. Hinton married in 1859 Miss Sudie Findley, the daughter of Emanuel and Eliza beth (McLaughlin) Findley, the former a native of Jasper county, who came to this county in 1833. Mrs. Hinton was born in this county in 1843 and died in 1875, leaving to her husband two children, Laurena and Jesse L. In 1887 he married Miss Palma Walker, born in Upson county in 1855. Her parents, Hudson and Frances (Dardin) Walker, some years ago moved from Georgia to Texas, and later Mr. Walker returning to make a visit to his daughter, was taken with the yellow fever in New Orleans and died. Mr. and Mrs. Hinton are faithful and consistent Christians, the former a member of the Missionary Baptist church, the latter belongs to the Methodist Episcopal church. Mr. Hinton is also an honored member of the masonic order.
AX/ S. HOWELL, an attorney of distinguished ability of Meriwether county, belongs to one of the pioneer families of the state, to which his great
grandfather with five brothers came from North Carolina in the last century. Four of the brothers drifted on with the tide of emigration, but one other remained in Georgia. He was McKinney Howell, one of the earliest settlers of Greene county. His wife was Mary Johnson, and their son, Matthew C. Howell, was born in Greene county in 1812. He married Sarah Simonton, and they also made their home in Greene county, as did their son, Samuel A. Howell. The latter married Georgia Ely, a daughter of John W. and Virginia (Baugh) Ely, also residents of Greene county. Mr. Ely was born in North Carolina in 1799. His father, Michael Ely. came to Greene county, Ga., in 1814, where for many years he kept a public inn. The son served in the war of 1836, fought under Gen. Scott, and died in 1885. W. S. Howell, the son of Samuel A. and Georgia (Ely) Howell, was born in Greene county. Jan. n, 1859, and being reared upon the farm,

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MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

obtained his first training in the country school; he added to this a course at Dawson institute, \Yhite Plains, and finally graduated from Mercer university, Macon, Ga., in 1882. He went to Greencville and taught for four years, beginning the study of law, to which he devoted himself under the wise supervision of Maj. J. \V. Parks, and in 1889 was admitted to the bar. The young attorney has continued in the practice of his profession ever since with ever increasing success. He also carries on a thriving farm, and is a man of high standing among his fellow-citizens. In 1885 Mr. Howcll married Miss Hattie Kilpatrick, born in White Plains in 1862, daughter of J. H.and Cornelia (Hall) Kilpatrick; the father was a minister, and president of the Baptist convention of 1894. One child, Cornelia H., was given to Mr. and Mrs. Howell; the latter died in 1886. In 1889 Mr. Howell married Miss Annie Davidson, daughter of Monroe and Reginia (Park) Davidson; the father served in the late war under Gen. Evans. Mrs. Howell was born in Meriwether county in 1866; she is a graduate of Mary Sharp college, Winchester, Tenn. She and Mr. Howell are both members of the Missionary Baptist church. Two children have blessed this union: Samuel M. and William S.

1OHX R. JOXES, one of the oldest and a very highly esteemed citizen of
Meriwether county, Ga., son of John and Catharine (Dunn) Jones, was born in Columbia count}-, Ga., in 1800. His grandfather was a native of Virginia and his father was born in that state, where he came to Georgia and settled in Columbia county late in the last century, where he ended his days. His maternal grand father, Richard Dunn, was a native of Virginia, was a soldier during the revolu tionary war. was a farmer and came to Georgia, becoming one of the early settlers
of Columbia county. Mr. Jones was given such an education as was afforded by the schools of the locality of the time, and was raised a farmer, a vocation he has followed all his life, realizing a fortune. Xo citizen in Meriwether count)- is held in higher esteem by its citizens, in fact is revered by them so estimable is his character. Mr. Jones was married in 1828 to Miss Elizabeth, born in Jasper county, Ga., April 5, 1811, daughter of James and Ondia Davis. He was a native of Virginia, came to Georgia when a young man, married and raised a family,
was a captain in the Indian war, and died in Harris county. Of the children born to Mr. and Mrs. Jones, four survive: Charles G., Catharine, William C. and Harriet Mrs. Jones was an exemplary member of the Missionary Baptist church, and died Dec. 28. 1882. Mr. Jones has been a remarkably industrious man; has always been a generous giver to the poor and to religious organizations, and is now living with his children. He is a member of the masonic fraternity, and of the Missionary Baptist church.

IOHX O. JOXES. an enterprising farmer of Meriwether county, is one of those who may look back with pride upon a brave and patriotic ancestry; both
of his grandfathers having served in the revolution. His grandparents, John and Agnes (Ready"i Jones, were Virginians who settled in this state early in the century, where, in Morgan county, their son, A. J. Jones, was born. Thev after ward removed to Mississippi, and there, in 1852, Mr. Jones died, full of years and honors. The wife of A. J. Jones was Miss Mary Dark, whose parents were early settlers of Meriwether count}-, in which count}- her son, John O. Jones, was born in 1841. and reared upon the farm, receiving only the limited education common in those days in the country schools. In 1861 he enlisted in Company D, Capt Howard, Eighth Georgia regiment, and was in the first battle of Manassas, and afterward in many others. As was the common lot of most of the Georgian

MERIWETHER COUNTY SKETCHES.

513

troops, Mr. Jones returned from the war with empty pockets, and to a region made desolate by the passage of hostile armies, to begin life anew. But with the natural courage and resolution of his character he at once set to work at the first thing which presented itself--hauling lumber from Senoia to Atlanta, and with the money thus earned laid the foundation of his present fortune--purchasing land and developing his fine and valuable farm. In 1865 Mr. Jones married Miss Lizzie Glass, a native of Meriwether county, born in 1843; s'ie 's tne daughter of James B. and Mary (Glower) Glass, the former a native of Jasper county, who came to this county in his boyhood, where he died in 1862. Mr. and Mrs. Jones are both members of the Missionary Baptist church. They have live children: James A., John H., William R., R. A. and Alma M., and the family is well known and esteemed in the community.

T\ M. LASSETTER belongs to the pioneer stock of this section, his parents, Hardy and Elizabeth (Keith) Lassetter being both natives of the state, the
former born in 1780, in the wilderness where at that early date his privileges were but few, his hardships many. Mrs. Lassetter's father, David Keith, was also a pioneer of the state and a soldier of the war of 1812. D. M. Lassetter was born in Monroe county, Oct. 27, 1830, and in 1836 came with his parents to Meriwether county. His schooling was limited to that obtainable in the little log schoolhouse of those early days. In 1862 Mr. Lassetter enlisted in Company B of the . Thirteenth Georgia regiment, under Capt. McCalley, and was wounded June 27, 1862, in the seven days' fight at Cold Harbor; he was sent home to recover and there took the smallpox, which left him blind for a time, and, indeed, he only regained the sight of one eye; as soon as he could see somewhat he went back to the army, but was rejected for active service, and given post duty, at which he served until the surrender. Upon the return of Mr. Lassetter from the war he undertook farming in Coweta county, having nothing to start with, but was unsuccessful; his natural abilities seemed more to fit him for a business career, and in 1866 he engaged in the mercantile business at Luthersville with Xat Teagle; in 1878 he purchased Mr. Teagle's interest, since which time he has carried on the business alone, constantly increasing his trade, which has become very large and lucrative. Mr. Lassetter is a member of the ^masonic order and a man of desirable position in the community where he is widely known and respected. In 1870 Mr. Lassetter- married Miss Sallie F. Xorris, daughter of William P. and Xarcissa (Respass) Norris, early settlers of Meriwether county. Her death occurred a few years after; she was a member of the Primitive Baptist church. In 1881 Mr. Lassetter married Miss Carrie Xall, born in this county in 1852, a daughter of J. W. and Martha (Worthan) Xall, and a member of the Missionary church.
U B. LEVERETT is a citizen of wealth and influence of this county, of which he is a. native, born in 1845. He is the grandson of a revolutionary soldier.
Robert Leverett, whose wife was Sidney Bailey, and who moved from Maryland, his native state, to South Carolina, where his son, Manuel, was born. In 1825 he moved to Wilkes county, Ga., and later to Alabama, which he made his final home. Manuel Leverett, who served in the late war, married Miss Cynthia Lanier. whose father, Jas. Lanier, a native of Maryland, was also a revolutionary soldier, and with his wife, Mary Lanier, settled in Jasper county, Ga. H. B. Leverett passed his boyhood on the farm with the limited educational advantages of those days, and while yet a youth, in March, 1862, enlisted for the war. He entered company K of the Thirty-fourth Alabama regiment under Capt. Crowder and fought in many battles: Munfordville, Ky.; Danville, Ky.; Murfreesboro; Tul-
11-33

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MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

lahoma: Kennesaw Mountain: Columbia: Dalton: Atlanta; Jonesboro; Clrickamauga; Chattanooga: Missionary Ridge: Resaca; Franklin: Xashville; Kingston
and Bentonville. In the last named engagement he was badly wounded, being shot through the shoulder. Mr. Leverett returned from the war not only without a cent of money, but to find himself without a home, his parents being both dead.
For some time he sought employment, and at last was engaged by Mr. Hannah to aid in the construction of a mill. In 1866 he rented a farm and soon, by unflag ging energy, by diligence and economy, was on the highway to success, and he is row the owner of a large and fine plantation, snd in possession of the esteem of all who know him. In December. 1866. Mr. Leverett married Miss Joyce Hutchinson. the daughter of Raymond R. and Lucinda (Lankford1! Hutchinson, for merly of Marion county, later of Upson county, but now of Meriwether county. Mr. Hutchinson served in tlic late war. Mrs. Leverett was born in Marion county in 1846. and in 1861 moved to this county with her father. Mr. and Mrs. Leverett: have three children: Lavonia. Annie May and Joyce H. The parents are both devoted members of the Missionary Baptist church. Mr. Leverett is also a member of the order of Masons.

\X r P. LOVELACE, a successful agriculturist of this region, is a Georgian by * birth, born in Troup county in 1849. His parents were John and Martha
(Embry) Lovelace, the former a native of Xorth Carolina, born in 1826, who came to Georgia in 1841: he served through the late war with the state militia: he was a son of Amos and Tabitha (Tomlinson'l Lovelace. Xorth Carolinians, the father soldier in the revolutionary war. Mrs. Lovelace was a daughter of Hezekiah Embry. a pioneer of Wilkes county. W. P. Lovelace, owing to the restricted opportunities of his boyhood, obtained but a limited education, of which. however, he has made excellent use. Although but a mere lad he served during the latter part of the war trader Capt Sledge. Mr. Lovelace is a man of remark able energy and persistence of character, as is evident from the story of his life. He was master of the shoe business, but after a time established himself in the mercantile business, at Rome. Ga.. and carried this on for several years, but in the panic of 1874 he was driven to the wall, and failed. Xot discouraged, he at once went to work again, and was soon carrying on a large tannery worth some 816.000: but this was at length destroyed by fire: yet again, undismayed, he went bravely to work and has for the third time accumulated a fortune, carrying on a fine and well cultivated farm in this county, to which he came in 1882. In 1872 Mr. Lovelace married Miss Emma C. Edge, a native of Meriwether county, bom in 1855: she is a daughter of William and Catherine (Boyd) Edge, the former an early settler of the state who served through the war. Mr. and Mrs. Lovelace are both members of the Methodist Episcopal church, and their union has been blessed with seven children: John W., Lewis E., Mattie B., Thomas E., Xellie M.. Lillian C. and Lois C.
f~\ \\~. M'GEHEE is a well-known and very successful farmer of this county, where he was born in 1843. ^e belongs to one of the pioneer families of
the state, his grandparents. Samuel and Xancy (Tate) McGehee, natives of Vir ginia, having been among the earliest settlers of Elbert county, Ga. Here their ; -n. Thomas L.. was born, who settled in Meriwether county in 1827; his wife was Miss Sarah K. Martin, a daughter of Marshall and Jennie (Oliver) Martin, natives of Wilkes county, who came to this county in 1828, where Mr. Martin died in 1856. Mr. Martin was a man of wealth and of a prominent family, his father. George Martin, having served with honor in the war of the revolution. The son of Thomas L. and Sarah K. McGehee, O. W. McGehee, in his boyhood

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on the farm had but limited educational opportunities, of which, however, he made good use. In 1862 he enlisted in Company F of the Forty-first Georgia regiment, under Capt. S. D. Clemmens, and served with bravery in many bat
tles: Perry ville, Murfreesboro, siege of Vicksburg, and the battles around Atlanta.
In 1863 Mr. McGehee was discharged and returned to his Georgian home to
make his own way in the world. He engaged at once in the tillage of the soil, to which pursuit he has ever since devoted himself, and has been duly prospered. He is a man of large wealth and influence, who commands the respect of all who know him. In 1868 Mr. McGehee married Miss Ophelia E. Hall, a daughter of Alexander and Elizabeth (Brown) Hall, the father a very prominent citizen of this county, but a native of Virginia. Mrs. McGehee is a native of this county, born in 1845, ad she and Mr. McGehee are both devoted and consistent mem bers of the Methodist Episcopal church. He is also a member of the order of
Masons. They have four children: Sarah, Lena, Joseph T. A., and John O.

M. M'LUDEN, a prosperous farmer of Meriwether county, in which he was born in 1843, is the son f William and Judith (Fuller) McLuden His
father was born in Wilkes county in 1808, whence he moved to Alabama, and then returned to Georgia, and after a brief residence in Talbot county made his permanent home in Meriwether county. His parents were Frank and Judith (Burford) McLuden, the former an early pioneer of the state, and a soldier in the
war of 1812. Mr. McLuden's mother was the daughter of Green Fuller, also a pioneer of the state, and a soldier in the war of 1812, and in the Indian war of 1836. Young McLuden passed his boyhood on the farm, with but few oppor tunities of obtaining an education--only such as were afforded in the old log school-house. When his state joined the Confederacy, the young man, with boyish enthusiasm, was the first to run up a Confederate flag on its staff in
Meriwether county. Although not out of his teens he hastened to enlist in 1861, entering the Eight Georgia regiment, Company D. He had a remark able series of adventures and some narrow escapes, as may be presumed from the fact that seven bullets passed through his clothing during the battles in which he was engaged; he fought in the first battle of Manassas, at Fredericksburg, and at Gettysburg. In the last memorable conflict he lost one of his legs. He was captured but retaken by his own forces. On being captured a second time he was not so fortunate, and was a prisoner fifteen months. Returning home penniless he worked for two years at carriage building, and with the money saved bought his first land in 1868; he has since then given his exclusive attention to the cul
tivation of his farm, which is in a thriving condition, giving evidence of hard work and diligent care. In 1883 Mr. McLuden married Miss Alice Thompson, a native of Pike county, the daughter of John C. and Margaret (Burt) Thompson,
natives of the state, the former a soldier in the late war. Mr. and Mrs. McLuden have been blessed with three children: Leon, Irene, and AmeroL Mr. McLuden is a member of the Missionary Baptist church.

f~* F. M'WILLIAMS, one of the foremost business men of Luthersville, was
* born in Coweta county, Jan. 31, 1861. He is the son of Andrew J. and Incy (Walthal) McWilliams, and a grandson of Andrew E. and Sarah E. (McGowen)
McWilliams, who emigrated to America from Dublin, Ireland, and the former of whom served in the war of 1812, in which he was slain. He left a large family, .one of whom, a daughter, still resides in the old home which he built, where her mother carried on the practice of medicine after the old fashion, in which pursuit
she was engaged until her death at the age of ninety-eight years, and has done

MEMOIRS OP GEORGIA.
much to alleviate the ills of suffering humanity, especially of the feminine portion thereof. She is one of two sisters and eight brothers. One brother, John Mc Williams, assisted in landing the cotton in New Orleans from which Gen. Andrew Jackson's famous breastworks were built. The maternal grandparent of C. F. 'McWilliams was John H. Walthal, who married a Miss Morgan. He was a soldier in the war of 1812. Young McWilliams was reared on the farm in Coweta county, and received a fair common school education, completing his course in the schools of Luthersville in 1879. The next year he engaged as clerk for Nat Teagle of Luthersville, and after eight years of faithful sen-ice was able to buy out Mr. Teagle's business, and has ever since carried the business on for himself at the same place, and by steady application he has gone on to prosperity. Mr. McWilliams married, Nov. 21. 1887, Miss Ada Teagle, born in 1871, in Meri wether county. She is the daughter of Xat and Fannie (Darde) Teagle, who were warmly devoted adherents of the Methodist Episcopal church. Mr. Teagle was chairman of the building committee of that church in Luthersville, and for more than a score of years the largest contributor to its financial support, long before he was a member of it. Mr. Teagle was a soldier in the late war and died in 1889. Mr. and Mrs. McWilliams are also faithful members of the Methodist Episcopal church. They have two daughters: Irene and Ruby.
I C. MAFFETT. an honored citizen of Meriwether county, of which he is a * native, was born in 1845. He is of Scotch ancestry, his grandfather having been a native of Scotland, who settled in South Carolina, and sen-ed his adopted country in the revolutionary war. His son. Ephraim C., left his native state, South Carolina, and settled in Meriwether county when that county was but two years old. His wife. Sarah ^Blair") Maffett, was a daughter of a pioneer of Tennessee. George Blair. J. C. Maffett is the son of Ephraim C. and Sarah Maffett. and passed his youth on the farm, but received a good education. In 1864. with the ardor of his years, he enlisted, joining Company B, First Georgia cavalry, under Capt. J. W. Trammell: he took part in a number of engagements: Resaca, Macon. Kingston and Aiken. After his return at the close of the war Mr. Maffett being without money, began work for himself on the farm, to which employment he gave himself with his natural energy, and prospered accordingly. But his fellowcitizens demanded of him special service and elected him to the office of sheriff, which by continued re-election he has held ever since--fourteen years in all-- an evidence of his peculiar fitness for the position and the faithful fulfillment of his duties. He is a man widely known throughout this part of Georgia, and as well esteemed as known. In 1872 Mr. Maffett married Miss Antoinette Blalock. daughter of John and Elizabeth (Leverett) Blalock of Georgia: Mr. Blalock had served as sheriff of the county during the war. Mrs. Maffett was a member of the Presbyterian church. She was born in this county in 1848 and died in 1884. leaving to her husband three little daughters: Lillian. Mary and Alice K. Mr. Maffett married in 1884 Mrs. Ida (Floyd) Xelson, daughter of Dr. A. G. and Mary (.Slaughter i Floyd. Dr. Floyd was a very prominent figure in the business and political affairs of this region for many years, and for fourteen years was clerk of the courts. The second Mrs. Maffett died in 1890. leaving her husband a son, Robert P. Mr. and Mrs. Maffett were both worthy members of the Presbyterian church: Mr. Maffett is also a member of the masonic order.
I J. MILAM. a prosperous Meriwether county farmer, is a native of Lawrence " county. S. C.. born in 1825. a son of John and Sallie (Fuller) Milam. The
father was a Virginian, who came to South Carolina at the age of twenty-one: he served in the war of 1812, during which period he took the yellow fever at

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517

Charleston, but he recovered and lived to a ripe old age. His parents were also Virginians, who made the home of their later years in South Carolina. Mrs. Sallie (Fuller) Milani was a daughter of Isam Fuller, a native of Xorth Carolina, who settled in South Carolina. Young L. J. Milam was reared on the South Carolina farm and enjoyed but meager school privileges. The school house of logs, as was then common, not only was tloorless, but also without chimney. Consequently, as the fire was built in the middle of the house, after the fashion of an Indian wigwam, the pupils were often almost suffocated by the smoke. Mr. Milam made agriculture his chosen calling and by assiduity in its pursuit has made it a success. Some years ago he came to Meriwcther county, Ga., and established himself upon a farm near Jones* Mill, in which place for twelve years he also carried on a profitable mercantile establishment, but though successful in this, his chief interest has always centered in his farm. During the war he served for a short time in the state militia. Mr. Milam is one who by his steadfast uprightness in all the relations of life wins the true respect of all who come to know him. His marriage occurred in January, 1846, his wife being Miss Mary J. Workman, a daughter of Hugh and Mary (Taylor) Workman, both of South Carolina, but of Irish parentage. Mrs. Milam was born Aug. 29, 1827, and was reared upon the farm in South Carolina, where her parents lived and died. Both she and her husband were honored members of the Methodist Episcopal church. She died on Oct. 9, 1890. Mr. and Mrs. Milam were blessed with ten children: Oscar L., Mary A., Sarah J., Robert H., Irena, Emilia A., Irvin and Margaret A. Oscar L., the first child born, and Ferril A., the third, died in South Carolina, and the fourth, Lafayette L, was murdered in Arkansas, Sept. 9, 1893. Mr. Milam was married the second time, July 24, 1894, to Lucretia G. McCrary, a daughter of Willis and Maria L. (Gary) Wallis, of Lawrence, S. C.

J C. NORRIS is one of the progressive farmers and a native of Meriwether " county, Ga. He was born in 1843, an^ ms parents, W. P. and Narcissa
(Respass) Xorris, belonged to the pioneer stock of Georgia; the father settled
in this county in 1828, his parents having come from Virginia; and Mrs. Norris' father, Churchwell Respass, also was an early settler. To the son, J. C. Norris, who was reared upon the farm, only such privileges of education were afforded as were to be obtained in the common country schools of that day. When the war broke out in 1861. though not yet out of his teens, he responded to the call for volunteers and enlisted in Company B, Thirteenth Georgia regiment, under Capt. Walter Ector. He served in many of the most important engagements of the war, as Savannah, second battle of Manassas, Fredericksburg, Gettysburg, Winchester, Sharpsburg and Harper's Ferry. In the battle of Sharpsburg he was wounded. In 1864 he married Miss Sallie F. Perdue, daughter of Lindsay and Parmelia (Perdue) Perdue, who are old settlers of the state, natives of Vir ginia. The following children have been born to Mr. and Mrs. Norris, a number of whom are living: Lorena, Sallie, Joca, Annie, Claudie L., Laura K., Ravie. Garrouch and Azie L. Mr. and Mrs. Norris are members of the Primitive Baptist church, and are well known and highly respected members of the community.

I F. OGLETREE, an agriculturist of Meriwether county whose success has been almost phenomenal, and whose life has been full of vicissitudes, is a
native of the county, born in 1840, and is the son of Philemon and Eliza A. (Glynn) Ogletree. The former was born in Wilkes county in 1792, served in the Indian war of 1836. and moved to Meriwether county in 1839. He was an earnest preacher of the gospel as well as a successful farmer, and was of Scotch descent,

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his father, William Ogletree, having accompanied his own father, William Ogle-
tree, the elder, when he came from Scotland to America in 1750. They settled first in Virginia, but soon made their home in Wilkes county, Ga., being among the earliest pioneers, not only of the county, but of the state. The younger Wil liam served in the war of the revolution and married Miss Elizabeth Bird. The wife of Philemon Ogletree was a daughter of William and Elizabeth (Crawford) Glynn, the latter a sister of William H. Crawford, a man eminent in the early annals of the state, and indeed throughout the south, being upheld throughout
this region as the presidential candidate in the exciting election of 1824, when, because no candidate had a majority of the electoral votes, the choice of president was referred to the house of representatives, and John Quincy Adams was chosen. J. F. Ogletree received his early training in the country school, but later attended Bowdon institute, from which he was obliged to return because of his father's failing health. In June, 1862, Mr. Ogletree enlisted in Company F, Forty-first
Georgia regiment, under Capt A. D. Abraham, and later with Capt. S. D. Clemens. His service during the war was irregular. It was at this period of his life that misforutunes came most thickly upon Mr. Ogletree. The war not only freed his negroes, but through it he lost three-fourths of his large estate; he had been considered the wealthiest man in the count}', and about this time every building
upon his place was blown down by a violent gale. Nevertheless by vigorous and persistent effort he has been able to recover himself, and is again one of the wealthiest and most highly esteemed men in this region. He engaged in mer cantile business at La Grange in 1870, but after two years returned to his farm; this is an immense plantation of some 2,000 acres of rich and highly cultivated land surrounding his lovely country residence. Beside this he owns a large stock farm of some 8,000 acres in southwest Georgia, on the Flint river. A part of this large tract he has devoted to horticulture, in which he is greatly interested, hav ing a thriving peach orchard of 10,000 trees. In 1862 Mr. Ogletree married Miss Caroline Stinson, a daughter of J. W. and M. L. (Jackson) Stinson, the former a North Carolinian who settled in Meriwether county in 1820, where, in 1842, his daughter Caroline was born. She was a faithful member of the Methodist Episcopal church south, and she died Jan. 19, 1870. In 1871 Mr. Ogletree mar ried Miss L. E. Stinson, whose parents were M. F. and M. A. (Hardaway) Stinson. Mr. Stinson came from his native state, North Carolina, to settle in Baker county early in the century, and his wife was a daughter of G. W. Hardaway, of Warren county, Ga., a Virginian by birth, who was a second cousin of George Washing ton. Mrs. Ogletree was born in Troup county in 1852. Mr. and Mrs. Ogletree are the parents of five children: Philemon, James F., Caroline M., George S. and Paul H. The parents are both members of the Methodist Episcopal church south and the family holds a position of influence and honor in the community. Mr. Ogletree is also a well-known Mason.

("" D. PHILLIPS is a prominent farmer of Meriwether county, in which he was born in 1849. He is of Virginian stock, his grandfather, William D.
Phillips, having come from that state to Georgia at an early date. His father,
William A. J. Phillips, was born in Morgan county in 1828, and served through the late war with the state militia. His wife, Miss Mary M. Smith, was a daughter of Thomas Smith, also a Virginian, who was among Georgia's first settlers. C.
D. Phillips spent his early years upon the farm in Meriwether county and obtained such schooling as the country schools afforded. He has devoted himself to the science of agriculture and his fine farm, in all its parts brought to the highest state
of perfection, bears witness to his aptness in his business. His wife, whom he

G. \V. P1NKSTON.

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519

married in 1867, was Miss Emma Sewell, a native of Meriwether county, born
June 10, 1847, tne daughter of John P. and Elizabeth (Wideman) Sewell, who
were old settlers of the county, to which they came from Morgan county. Mr. and Mrs. Phillips are the parents of ten children: William A., Estella, Mary, Thomas H., John H., Albert P., Calvin A., Cleopatra, Edna E. and Iverson B.
Mrs. Phillips is a member of the Methodist Episcopal church; her husband is a member of the Alliance and is the president of the county organization in Meri
wether county. The family is well esteemed by all who know them.

Q W. PINKSTON, M. D., is one of the chief citizens of Meriwether county, and * an honored physician, born in Columbus in 1832; his parents, G. B. and
Adeline (Chatfield) Pinkston, were early settlers of Wilkes county; the father,
born in 1808 and a soldier in the Indian war, was of New England parentage, his parents having come from Connecticut to settle in Georgia early in the cen tury; the mother's parents, George and Mary (Coats) Chatfield, were also among Wilkes county's early settlers. Young Pinkston passed his early years upon the farm, and his school privileges were therefore very limited. He improved them, however, to the best of his ability and in 1853 began the study of medicine with
Dr. John B. Chatfield. In 1854 he attended his first course in medicine at Au gusta, Ga., and completed his course at Atlanta in 1856. Since then he has prac ticed his profession with diligence and great success, until within a few years he has retired from active practice and devoted himself to the cultivation of the farm. In 1859 Dr. Pinkston married Miss C. J. Dreury, a daughter of Edwin and Eliza (Williams) Dreury, natives of Virginia, who early selected Georgia as their home. Mrs. Pinkston was born in 1841, and was reared in Spalding county. Both the doctor and his wife are active members of the Methodist'Episcopal church south. They have five children: John W., W. L., Frances H., wife of Dr. W. R. McCrary, of Senoia, Ga., N. D. and Arthur R. The eldest son, John W., has succeeded to his father's practice, which he worthily carries on, and the family have the respect and good will of the entire community.

T S. RADCLIFFE, a progressive farmer and substantial business man of Meri* wether county, was born in Stinson in 1855, and is the son of George W. and Anna E. (Stinson) Radcliffe. His father was born in Talbot county, Ga., in 1827, and for a long period was a leading business man in Talbotton, and later, for a number of years in Columbus, and retired from business in 1877. During the war he had charge of important Confederate interests. He is of Irish ancestry, a great-grandson of Lord Radcliffe, whose son George came to the state of New
York in his boyhood and there made his home. His son, Samuel G., born in New York, whose wife was Jacqueline Davis, settled in Talbotton, Ga., among its earlysettlers. The wife of George W. Radcliffe was a daughter of Dr. James W. and Martha J. (Jackson) Stinson, the father being a well-known physician of Stinson,
in this county, where for many years he enjoyed a very large and successful prac tice. He was by birth a North Carolinian, an early settler of Putnam count}', for several years a successful school teacher, and took his course in medicine at the medical college of Georgia, Augusta. J. S. Radcliffe received an excellent educa tion in the schools of Columbus, where he resided during his early years, taking an advanced course at Hillwood institute of Columbus. For eight years Mr.
Radcliffe was engaged in business in Columbus, after which he moved to Alabama and engaged in farming, then returned to Georgia, and has been
engaged in various commercial enterprises since. Two years he was in Augusta, and three years in Rome, Ga., but since 1885 his home has been in Stinson, where,

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MEMOIRS OP GEORGIA.

iii addition to the mercantile business, he carries on a large plantation. In 1877 Mr. Radclifte married Miss Man,- Hawkins. born in 1857 in Americus, Ga. She was a graduate of the Americus college, and a member of the Methodist Episcopal church south. Her parents \vere Judge Willis A. and Mary (Finn) Hawkins, the former one of the best criminal lawyers in the state, and for two years judge of the supreme court; he was a native of Sumter county. Mrs. Radcliffe died Jan. 6, 1879, leaving her husband with one child--George Willis. Feb. I, 1883, Mr. Radcliffe married Miss Emma E. Smith, a native of Alabama, born in 1859. Her parents, Col. Robert H. and Helen (Herndon) Smith, were also natives of Alabama. Her father was a prominent lawyer in Mobile, Ala., for many years. Mr. and Mrs. Radcliffe are the parents of four children: Robert H., James S., Lillie and Lulu. Mrs. Radcliffe is a member of the Episcopalian church, while her husband is a Methodist. The family is one held in high esteem by all who know them.

J-I H. REVILL. one of Meriwether county's prosperous farmers, is of English descent, his grandfather having come from England at an early day and
settled in Xorth Carolina. He served with bravery in the war of the revolution. His son. Harrison Revill, was born in Xorth Carolina in 1796, and in 1817 settled in Jasper county. Ga. He married Miss Xancy Caldwell. a daughter of David and Elizabeth (Tanner'1 Caldwell. native Virginians, but among the early settlers of the state. Mr. Caldwell had also served in the war of the revolution. H. H. Revill. the son of Harrison and Xancy (Caldwell) Revill, was born in Jasper county in 1824. and passed his childhood on the farm, with but few educational advantages. On reaching manhood he engaged in farming, and soon accumulated considerable property. In 1863 he enlisted in Company D of the Second Georgia state troop*, under Capt. Worrell. and fought in many battles, among them 1'-\vder Springs. Atlanta. Tonesboro. At the close of the war he returned home with no money to resume operations on his farm, and .for some time met with irany discouragements in his battle with the world: but his determination of purpose and courageous efforts won success, and he is now one of the solid fanners of the county, a man thoroughly respected by all who know him. In 1842 he married Xancy Caldwell. daughter of Matthew and Mornan (.Satiwhite) CaKhvell. Virginians, who had settled in Georgia, where in Jones county Mrs. Kevill was born in 1820. One child, Xancy A., was born of this union, but has M~nce died. The mother died in 1843. I" *847 Mr. Revill married Miss Mary A. Gresham, born in Lincoln county in 1822, the daughter of Pleasant and Matilda (McKinney') Gresham. She is a member of the Primitive Baptist church. Mr. and Mrs. Revill have one child. Isabel.

I P.. REYXOLDS. one of the successful agriculturists of Meriwether county, is a native of South Carolina, born in Edgefield district in 1843. His father,
V iley Reynolds, was a son of Thomas and Xancy (Harris) Reynolds; and his mother. Dolly (Burton) Reynolds, was the daughter of Nathaniel and Susan (Asuelli Burton, all South Carolinians by birth. In 1846, when the boy, J. B. Reynolds, was but three years old. his parents came to Georgia and settled on a farm in Meriwether county, where he was reared, and received such school privileges as were afforded in the little log school house of the district. He enlisted in 1862. joining Company F of the Fifty-fifth regiment, under Capt. Henry Baker. Although he served faithfully to the end of the war he had the singular good fortune not only to escape being wounded or captured, but even to escape being in battle. Upon his return from the war Mr. Reynolds received

MERIWETHER COUNTY SKETCHES.

c2I

from his father eight hundred acres of land, on which to make his home, and this, well improved, and added to, has been the foundation of the competence which he now possesses. In 1864 Mr. Reynolds married Miss Amanda Glisson, a na tive of Crawford county, born in 1849. She is the daughter of Brinklcy and Amy (Riglan) Glisson, natives of this state; her father served both in the Indian war of 1836, and in the Mexican war. Both Mr. Reynolds and his wife are mem bers of the Missionary Baptist church. They have six children: Anna, Dida, Henry W., J. B-, Lillie and Emmett.

JAMES H. ROBERTS, one of the most successful farmers of this region, is a native of Meriwether county, born in 1852, and the son of James and Sarah
(Miller) Roberts. The father came with his parents from South Carolina, their native state, to settle in Georgia, in the early part of the century. His wife was a daughter of Haymond Miller, also a South Carolinian, who came to Georgia in 1806. Young James H. Roberts was reared on the farm in his native county, and made the most of his meager school privileges, which were still further diminished by the deprivations and desolations of the war. In 1875 he married Miss Maria O'Nell, a native of this county, bom in 1852, the daughter of Atley and Angeline (Brown) O'Nell, old settlers of Meriwether county. J5oth Mr. and Mrs. Roberts are members of the Methodist Episcopal church, and esteemed members of the community. Mr. Roberts belongs also to the masonic fraternity.

JAMES A. ROWE, a successful farmer and well-known and honored soldier of t . . Meriwether county, is a grandson of William Rowe, a native of South Carolina, who was one of the pioneers of what is now Monroe county, where he settled in 1804. His son, James, born in South Carolina, married Miss Narcissa Lewis, daughter of a revolutionary soldier, a native of South Carolina. Their son, James A. Rowe, was born in Monroe county in 1824, and passed his early years on the farm in that county, coming to Meriwether county in 1836. His early advantages were confined to such as were obtainable in the old log school house in the country. His natural energy of character has enabled him to make his way in the world. In 1861 Mr. Rowe enlisted in the Meriwether revengers under Capt. Hall. In 1862 they reorganized and Mr. Rowe was made captain of Company E. Twenty-eighth Georgia regiment. Capt. Rowe took part in fiftytwo battles, many of them being among the most important and fiercest engage ments of the war; such as Seven Pines, seven days at Richmond, Wilderness, Ocean Pond, Fort Sumter, James Island, Fort Fisher, John's Island, battle of Winchester, and many more. It was not to be expected that he would go unscathed through so many direful encounters; he received eleven wounds during the war. After the declaration of peace he returned home to make a new start in life. He has devoted himself to farm work and has succeeded in making for himself and family a competence and a pleasant and comfortable home. He married in 1848, his wife. Miss Nancy A. Malcolm, being a native of Walton county, born March 23, 1832; her parents, Alexander and Mahala (Nelson) Malcolm, were early settlers of that county. Capt. and Mrs. Rowe have eight children living: Thomas B., Milton, Walter, Alien J.. Alfred C-, Virginia, Harriet and Man'.
ALLEN T. ROWE, a prosperous and respected citizen of Meriwether county, is a son of James and Narcissa (Lewis) Rowe. and a brother of Capt. James A.
Rowe. His paternal grandparents were William and Mary Rowe, those on the mother's side were William and Mary Lewis, all natives of South Carolina and among the early settlers of Georgia. Young Alien was born in Monroe county

522

MEMOIRS OP GEORGIA.

in 1835 anI early transferred to Meriwether county, where he passed his childhood and youth upon the farm, gaining such education as he could with his scant opportunities. In 1862 he enlisted in Company B of the First Georgia cavalry, under Capt Strickland. He fought in many of the hardest battles of the war: Big Hill, Murfreesboro, Perrysville, Chickamauga, Philadelphia, and was in the force that surrendered at Salisbury, X. C. After the surrender he returned to his home on the farm, to the careful and wise management of which he has ever since devoted himself. Mr. Rowe has worked with energy and planned with care, and has thus acquired wealth and enlarged and greatly increased the value of his broad and beautiful plantation, and is a man to whom all give the esteem he merits. He has a large and promising family. His wife was Miss Harriet Malcolm, daughter of Alexander and Mahala (Nelson) Malcolm, the former a
native of Walton county, in which he died in 1859. Mrs. Rowe was born in Meriwether county in 1840, and is a member of the Primitive Baptist church. Mr. Rowe belongs to the masonic fraternity. They were married in 1855 ancl have been blessed with thirteen children: Alice, Ella, William, Lewis, Hattie, Sa vannah, Alexander, James, Nannie, Stella, Mattie J., Henry C. and Jackson.

F)R- J. W. TAYLOR, a successful physician and prominent citizen of Meri wether county, was born in Lexington district, S. C, in 1833. In 1839 his
parents, William and Rebecca (Corley) Taylor, left their native state, South Caro lina, to settle in Georgia, dwelling for a year in Monroe county, and then moving to Coweta county. Here young J. W. passed his boyhood, obtaining as good an education as the common schools afforded. In 1854 he began the study of medi cine with his brother, Dr. J. P. Taylor, of Haralson, and in 1858 he entered the Atlanta Medical college at Atlanta; the coming on of the war hindered the completion of his medical studies at that time. In 1861, on the organization of Company B, First Georgia cavalry, he was appointed first lieutenant, but they were not mustered in until March 4, 1862, and he bad associated himself with a squad of young men who agreed to remain together throughout the war. That he might fulfill this pledge he repeatedly refused promotion; even his unanimous election as major of his regiment he would not accept The medical and surgical knowledge he had gained he made of constant use, not only to his own company, but to any of his regiment who needed it Many incidents are related illus trating not only his skill but also his shrewdness. As, for instance, when on one occasion a soldier came to him with the pretense of being ill, the doctor, detecting the trick, compelled him to swallow a very large dose of castor oil, which cured him cf ever again undertaking such a fraud. At another time, at Stegall's ferry, Ky., in the midst of a rain of shell, he dismounted from his horse and with the assistance of two ladies calmly amputated and dressed a soldier's arm, having for implements only a common bistoury and a carpenter's tenon-saw; and the soldier completely recovered. Dr. Taylor served throughout the war, taking part in many of the hardest battles, Murfreesboro, Loudon, Ky.; Big Hill, Ky., and the second battle of Murfreesboro being some of them. He had the honor of planting the flag at Franklin, Ky., was with Gen. Johnston in front of Sherman all the way to Atlanta, taking part also in that memorable conflict, and when Johnston was relieved by Hood he, at the head of his company, opened the way for Hood's charge on the Union army. He returned to Georgia at the close of the war and began practice at Luthersville. After a year or two he again went to Atlanta and completed his medical studies, receiving his degree in 1867. Among his classmates were several of the most prominent men of his profession: Dr. A. G. Thomas, G. G. Cra\vford, Haden, Houston and many others. In 1876 Dr.

J. VV. TAVLOR.

MERIWETHER COUNTY SKETCHES.

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Taylor \vas elected to represent Meriwether county in the state legislature among many noted men of that time: Gov. Northen, J. D. Stewart, A. D. Candler, H. H. Carlton, Judge H. G. Turner, Judge Alien Fort, A. L. Miller, Judge Pratt Adams, the youngest there, and others. Dr. Taylor was appointed by Gov. Northen as trustee for the school for the deaf at Cave Springs, Ga. He is one of the lead ing men of the county, where he is liked and respected by all. He is especially well known throughout the state, and in fact all through the south by the mem bers of the masonic order, among whom he holds very high rank. For nine years he has held the office of grand high priest, at the beginning of his term there being but twenty-four contributing chapters, while now there are between ninety and a hundred. He is past deputy grand master of the state, is chairman of the financial committee, and general grand king of the general grand lodge chap ter of the United States, being now the ranking officer of the grand chapter living in the state. In 1854 Dr. Taylor \vas married to Miss Amelia Jane Wilson,
daughter of James and Leah D. (Johnson) Wilson. She was born in 1836, and is of Scotch ancestry," her grandfather being one of the clergymen who, for con science' sake, seceded from the Presbyterian church of Scotland at the time of the dissensions in that body. Mrs. Taylor died in October, 1892. She was a devoted member of the Methodist Episcopal church, as is also Dr. Taylor. They had but one child, a son, John W., who is also a practicing physician in Luthersville.

J-J OPE TIGNER, a valued citizen and prosperous farmer of Meriwether county, of which he is a native, is of Scotch ancestry, his great-grandfather, William
Tigner, with two brothers, having come from Scotland during the last century.
They were the ancestors of the Tigner families in this country. William Tigner settled in Elbert county, where his son Hope was born, who married Miss Eliza Glenn, and many years ago settled in Meriwether county, and erected the first frame house built in the county. Their son, W. S., born in Monroe county, mar ried Miss Mary J. Baldwin, a daughter of James and Mary (Scott) Baldwin, natives of Virginia, who settled in Hancock county in 1824, and later moved to
Upson county. Mr. Baldwin, who commanded a regiment in the war of 1812, was the son of George and Rachel Baldwin, of Virginia, the former a soldier during the revolutionary war. Hope Tigner, the son of W. S. and Mary J. (Bald win) Tigner, was born in 1852, and passed his" early years upon the farm. He
attended the school at White Sulphur Springs, and also enjoyed and profited by a year at Bowdon college. Mr. Tigner's chosen vocation is the tillage of the soil, and this he has pursued with the ardor and determination which compels success.
His country home is a most delightful one, in the midst of his large and beautiful plantation. He has given considerable attention to horticulture, and has four and a half acres devoted to the culture of grapes, which are in fine condition. Mr.
Tigner is a man of estimable character, and truly respected by alL In 1876 Mr. Tigner married Miss Carrie Pitts, whose parents, Lewis and Martha (Marshall) Pitts, Georgians by birth, afterward removed to Alabama. Mrs. Tigner was born
in Russell county, Ala., in 1854. Both Mr. Tigner and his wife are members
of the Methodist Episcopal church south. They have two children, W. S. and
Mary A.

DENSON F. TIGNER, a successful farmer of this county, belongs to a family of considerable prominence in the state during the last century. His grand
father, William Tigner, of Scotch nativity, was a pioneer of Elbert county; his
son, Hope H. Tigner, married Miss Eliza Glenn, and was the first settler of Meri wether county, where he built the first frame house ever erected in that county,

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MEMOIRS OP GEORGIA.

which was for many years noted through an extensive region of country as the Tigner homestead, Mr. Tigner was a man of large influence and greatly liked, and he organized a company to serve in the Indian war, but his health broke down and he died before the time came to go. His wife was the daughter of William and Elizabeth (Crawford) Glenn, early settlers of Monroc county, Ga. .Mrs. Glenn was a sister of Hon. William H. Crawford, so long distinguished among the eminent citizens of the state, and this gentleman took charge of the education of the niece, Mrs. Tigner, which under such direction was of unusual excellence. Benson F., the son of Hope H. and Eliza (Glenn) Tigner, was born in Meriwether county in 1833, an<^ m *na' sparsely settled community enjoyed but limited educational opportunities. He enlisted in 1862 in the company com manded by Capt. Bragg, and was in the battle of Atlanta, and was present at the surrender at Savannah. . Mr. Tigner began life for himself with little means, but with a character combining energy and perseverance, and by resolute endeavor and arduous work has accumulated a large property, has a beautiful home, and over a thousand acres of choice land in a fine state of cultivation, and enjoys the high esteem of all who know him. In 1858 Mr. Tigner married Miss Martha Stinson, a daughter of Dr. J. W. and Martha (Jackson) Stinson, the former for many years a leading physician of this section, with a widely extended and very lucra tive practice, and a man of wealth and influence and great liberality. Mrs. Tigner was born in Meriwether county in 1836, and her union with Mr. Tigner has been blessed with seven children: Frank C.. Mattie G., George S., Edward A., James H., Carrie O. and Julia B. Mr. and Mrs. Tigner are both members of the Methodist Episcopal church south, in the work of which they are very active. Mr. Tigner is a member of the board of trustees of the church and also of the school, and bears the same responsibility in relation to the camp ground, a beautiful tract of land in Meriwether county which for sixty-four years has been held for religious purposes. It was chartered by the legislature of 1832.

JOHX J. TUCKER, farmer. Meriwether county (P. O. Chipley, Harris county), Ga... son of Humphrey and Eda (Grant) Tucker, was born in Elbert county,
Ga.. in 1826. His paternal grandparents, Ethrel and Rebecca Tucker, were natives of Xorth Carolina, and Virginia, respectively, migrated to Georgia and
settled in Elbert county about the beginning of this century. Mr. Tucker's father was born in Xorth Carolina, came with the family to Elbert county, whence, in 1833. he moved to Meriwether county, where he settled permanently. He was
a soldier in the last war with Great Britain. His maternal grandfather, Daniel (rant, was a native of Virginia, who. early in life, left that state and settled in Georgia. Mr. Tucker was raised on the farm, and like most farmers' boys at the
time of his boyhood received only a limited education. In 1861 he enlisted in Company B. Second Xorth Carolina battalion, of one of whose companies he was made lieutenant. The latter part of the year he was commissioned as
captain of the company. He saw much and arduous service, and with his com mand was in many important battles. At the battle of Gettysburg he was cap
tured and kept as a prisoner for twenty-two months. He came out of the war without a dollar: his capital being a piece of land, bought but not paid for, a
stout heart and a resolute will. As a result he has paid for the original tract, and now has an 8oo-acre paid-for tract, enjoys a competency, and the respect and
esteem of all who know him. Capt. Tucker was married in 1853 to Miss Louisa Kilpatrick. daughter of Richard and Elizabeth Kilpatrick, an old Georgia family. Of the children born to them five are living: Sarah F.: Oscar: Benjamin: John, and James Robert. The mother of these children having died, in 1874 he mar-

MERIWETHER COUNTY SKETCHES.

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*7 -- J

ried Ollie Crawford--born in Talbot county, Ga., in 1840--daughter of P. Crawford, a native of North Carolina, who early in life left that state and came to Georgia. Capt. Tucker is a master Mason, and himself and wife are active and influential members of the Methodist church.

I W. TRAMMEL, one of Meriwether county's active and intelligent farmers, is * a native of Clarke county, born June 29, 1829, the son of John and Jane (Harris) Trammel; the former, born in 1779, was a soldier in the war of 1812; the latter was a daughter of William Harris, a revolutionary soldier, and his wife, Sarah Harris. J. W. Trammel was reared in Meriwether county, receiving sucli education as could be obtained in an old log school house of unusually restricted dimensions--only eight logs high--which gave shelter to the youth of that dis trict, and stood them in lieu of the temple of knowledge. In 1862 Mr. Trammel enlisted in Company B, First Georgia cavalry, under Capt. Strickland. He was in many severe contests, both battles of Manassas, Chickamauga and Atlanta; he was in the same battle in which Gen. Pope was killed, and also assisted in the capture of Gen. Stoneman. Mr. Trammel at the close of the war returned home penniless to make a new beginning, working on a farm for a few years for him self. He is a man of fine business talent, to which, in addition to his persistent devotion to his chosen pursuit, as well as thrift and economy, his continued and increasing success is chiefly due, and for these and his other admirable traits of character he is highly respected by all. He is a member of the masonic fraternity, and he and Mrs. Trammel are both members of the Baptist church. The latter was Miss Nancy Hindsman, daughter of William and Sallie (Cotton) Hindsman. Their union took place in 1853 and has been blessed with four children, three of whom are living: John W., Mattie and Robert T.

JOHN H. WILLIAMS, a prosperous farmer and leading citizen of Meri wether count}', was born Jan. 9, 1834, his parents, Clark T. and Harriet (Jos-
sey) Williams, being natives of the state in which his grandparents were early pioneers. His father's parents, John and Lily (Taylor) Williams, were among the early settlers of Clark county, the former being a native of Virginia, the latter bora in Wilkes county, Ga., a daughter of Virginian parents, Henry and Huldah (Pope) Jossey, who came to Georgia among the earliest settlers. Clark T. Williams was reared in the pioneer home, and bravely endured the accom panying hardships and privations. His son, John H., was also reared upon the farm, and enjoyed the limited educational privileges of the early schools in those sparsely settled districts. In 1861 he enlisted in Company D, Eighth Georgia regiment, under Capt. Columbus Howard, after whose death Capt. Hugh E. Malone was put in command. During the first part of the war Mr. Williams took part in many of the fiercest engagements of that period: First battle of Manassas, Malvern Hill--that fearful seven days' fight, Mechanicsville, the siege of Yorktown, and many others. He served valorously through them all, but in 1862, having procured a substitute, he returned home to recruit. In 1864 he again entered the field under Col. James Blount, and served with ardor to the end of the war. He then returned home without a dollar to begin life anew, but by his steady application to business has been able to make continued increase of his property, and is now the owner of a fine farm in an excellent state of cultivation, and has won a position of influence in the community. He is a member of the masonic order, and he and his wife are both faithful members of the Methodist Episcopal church. She was Miss Martha S. Robertson, born in Luthersville, in October, 1844, a daughter of J. M. C. and Mary (Kindall) Robertson, natives of

526

MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

Virginia, \vho were among the early settlers of Georgia. Mr. and Mrs. Williams \vere married in 1862 and have been blessed with eleven children: Mary L., Howard R., Albert C., Gustavus, James H., Harriet J.. Mattie L., Minnie C., and Eliza K. are living. Henry C. and Sallie P. are gone from earth.

C R. WILLIAMS, one of the prosperous farmers of Meriwether count}', of which he is a native, was born in 1842, and is a son of James N. and Bath-
sheba (O'Xeal) Williams; the former served in the state militia during the late
war. and was a native of Putnam county, of which his parents, natives of North Carolina, were early pioneers. Mrs. Williams' parents were also North Carolinians, and early settlers of Georgia. Young Williams, who had passed
the years of his childhood and youth on the Meriwether county farm, with such limited schooling as was there obtainable, ere he was fairly out of his teens--in 1861--enlisted in CompanyK, of the Fifty-fifth Georgia regiment In 1863, Sep tember 9, he was captured at Cumberland Gap, and kept a prisoner at Chicago
until the close of the war. From this long imprisonment the young man returned penniless to his home to begin life anew. He worked for a season for Atley O'Xeal and then rented a farm from M. A. Thrash; after four years on this rented
land he purchased a small farm to which he has added at intervals until he now owns a large and well-cultivated farm. In 1866 he married Miss Mary E. Thrash, the daughter of M. A. and Martha (Lassiter) Thrash, old settlers of Meriwether
county; in May. 1890, Mrs. Williams died. In August, 1890, Mr. Williams married her sister. Miss Sarah Thrash, born in this county, in 1849, wno 's a member of the Primitive Baptist church. Mr. and Mrs. Williams have one child, Lillie E.

A W. X. WILSOX. one of the most successful farmers of this region, belongs
* to one of the oldest families in the state, his grandfather, George Wilson,
having settled in Georgia in 1781. He was a native of Maryland, and had served through the revolutionary war, in which he was badly wounded; but his native
vigor of constitution and wonderful vitality were such that he lived to the remark able age of one hundred and ten years. His wife was Miss Rhoda Spence, and
their son, George A., was born in Walton county in 1800. He married Miss Apsila Xewsome. a daughter of Xathaniel and Elizabeth (Hinyard) Newsome, old settlers of the state. The son, A. W. N. Wilson, was born in Coweta county, July 6, 1833, and reared on a farm near Moreland. In 1861 he enlisted in Com pany C, Thirty-fourth Georgia regiment, and was soon made lieutenant of the company, with which he went through many important engagements. But in
the siege of Vicksburg he lost an arm and was obliged to return home. Although Mr. Wilson had been deprived of much schooling, having only about three months in all, he is of that determined nature which overcomes every difficulty
and thrusts aside all obstacles in the way of success. He "never attempts any thing but what it goes through," is what he truthfully says of himself, and it is simply indicative of that persistence which always wins success. He is one of the
most progressive farmers in the south, and has acquired a considerable fortune,
and is widely known and respected. He is a member of the masonic fraternity,
In 1855 Mr. Wilson married Miss Matilda J. West, who died the same year, leav ing one child, Hattie, wife of Dr. W. T. Brown. A year later he married Miss Susan Hindsman, and their union has been blessed with seven children, six of whom are living: Thomas C., George, John C., Annie, Newsome B., and Jennie. Mr. and Mrs. Wilson are devoted members of the Methodist Episcopal church.

L

A. \V. X. WILSON.

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527

MILLER COUNTY.
gUSH. This is one of the pioneer, as well as one of the most enterprising and influential families in southwestern Georgia, its founder, James Bush, having
settled on Colomokee creek, in Early county, not far from Fort Gaines, in 1818. being one of the four white men then in the county. The grandparents of James Bush came from Germany some years before the revolutionary war and settled on Trent river in North Carolina. Here two sons, John and William, were born. While quite young their father died and their mother married a Mr. Blackshear, by whom she had seven children: Brig.-Gen. David E. Blackshear, who gained distinction in the war of 1812, being one of them. In the latter part of the last century the family came to Georgia and settled in Laurens county. Here William Bush reared his family of children, one of whom was James Bush, father of Judge Isaac and Dr. Elijah B. Bush, of Miller county, Ga. Judge Bush, born in 1794, was married to Miss Nellie Glass, in Laurens county, who bore him three children: William J., David V., and James C, all of whom died. Bereaved of these and of his wife he removed to Early county in 1818, where he married Miss Mary Caraway, who bore him twelve children: Mourning, Mrs. Charles Roberts; Isaac; Charles W.; Rebecca, Mrs. William Battle; Arkansas, Mrs. A. C. Sheffield; Usual J.; Mary V.; Missouri D.; Thomas J.; Amanda K; Burden B., and an infant, all of whom are dead except Isaac. Losing his second wife by death Mr. Bush contracted, April 25,1844, a third marriage with Nancy Grantham, by whom he had five children: Nancy, Mrs. George Tabb, Arcola, Miss.; Monterey S., and Robert E., both deceased; Elijah B., M. D., Colquitt, Ga., and Edith, deceased. The mother of these children having died, Mr. Bush married Mrs. Effie Tennent, who survives him, he having died Nov. 10, 1869, and is living in Miller county. Mr. Bush was a man of great energy of character and did much to advance the material interests of his section.
J UDGE ISAAC BUSH, son of James Bush by his second wife, Mary Caraway, was born Sept 21, 1821, and was reared in and around Blakely, Early Co.,
remaining at home until legally free (the only one of the children who did so), receiving an ordinary academic education. Having long cherished the ambition to be a lawyer, he bought some law books in 1846 and studied by himself at home, and practiced without a certificate until 1858, when, often finding himself at a dis advantage, he concluded to apply for regular admission to the bar, which he did and was admitted at Colquitt, Judge David Kiddoo presiding. Mr. Bush con tinued to practice until 1890, when he retired to his farm, seven miles east of Colquitt, where he is enjoying to the full the quiet and pleasures of a .model country home. As might be inferred, Judge Bush was always much interested in politics. When the county of Miller was organized, in the spring of 1857, he was elected ordinary, but resigned the ensuing fall to take his seat in the state senate, serving during the sessions of 1857-58. Sympathizing with Hon. A. H. Stephens, he opposed secession, but when hostilities began, he enlisted in the Twenty-ninth Georgia cavalry, Col. Hood commanding, and served to the close of the war, chiefly on scouting duty. In 1865 Judge Bush was elected to represent Miller county in the constitutional convention, and the same year was elected to represent Miller county in the general assembly, serving during the sessions of 1865-66. To him is due the credit of securing the enactment of the law requiring "wild-land" taxes to be paid in the counties in which the land lies, instead of, as had previously

MEMOIRS OP GEORGIA.
been the case, being paid in the county in which the owner resided. Also for secur ing legislation making the property of married women non-available for the pay ment of the debt of the husband. Prior to the passage of this act the property of the wife was subject to the debts of the husband contracted before marriage. Judge Bush ended his honorable and useful public life by four years' service as chairman of the board of county commissioners, 1890-93 inclusive. Judge Bush was married Feb. 5,1845. to Temperance, daughter of Drewry and Chloe (Golightly) Roberts. Airs. Bush was born in Early county, Feb. 4,1825, and died Oct. 15,1893. The bereaved husband tenderly cherished her memory as a woman of remarkable endearing qualities, a faithful and affectionate wife, a devoted mother, and as one overflowing with Christian charity and neighborly kindness, the loss of whose companionship is the sorest affliction of his life. Ten children were the offspring of this happy union, of whom the following named survive: James Smiley, merchant. Colquitt: Isaac A., lawyer. Camilla: Charles C., lawyer, Colquitt; Mary J..at home: Chloe, Mrs. William E. Hunter, Colquitt, and Emma, Mrs. C. M. Jones, Miller county. Judge Bush is now enjoying the well-earned fruit of a somewhat lengthy, busy and honorable (because useful) career, quiet, domestic comfort, thousands of broad acres of land, hundreds of bales of cotton and thou sands of head of cattle and other valuable stock, and, better than all, the heartfelt esteem of the thousands of his fellow-citizens whom for more than forty years he has alternately counseled, led, and served. Politically Mr. Bush is an uncompro mising democrat, religiously a devout and zealous Baptist. ELIJAH B. BUSH, physician and surgeon, Colquitt. Miller Co., Ga., was born in
Early county. Ga.. Nov. 20. 1850, and is the half-brother of Isaac Bush, being the nineteenth child of James Bush, and the fourth by his third wife. His maternal grandfather, William Grantham, was killed by the Indians in the ao's in Early county. The body was gallantly rescued from the Indians by his son William, who lashed the corpse to a pony and carried it home, killing seven Indians while on the way. Dr. Bush was reared and remained on his father's farm until he was twenty-one, receiving, in the meantime, an academic education. In the spring of 1864, when only thirteen years of age, he ran away from home to join the Confederate forces. He was overtaken by his father, who sent him home. The next year he was employed in the quartermaster's department, handling stock, provisions, etc.. to feed prisoners at Andersonville, Ga. On Xov. 19, 1868, when only eighteen years of age. he was united in marriage, in Miller county, with Miss Susan, daughter of James E. Scarborough, by whom he had ten children: James S., deceased: Oliver 15.. physician. Miller county; Virginia D., Mrs. A. D. McXair, Colquitt: an infant, deceased: Eldridge E.; John R.: Julia; Elijah B., Jr.; Susan C.. deceased, and Thomas W. Dr. Bush began the study of medicine by himself at home in 1871. and soon after went to Atlanta and studied tinder Dr. W. C. Asher. In the winter of 1872-73 he attended the session of the Savannah Medical college, after which he underwent an examination by the state medical board at Milledgeville, Ga.. and practiced medicine under a certificate from that body until 1889. when with his son Oliver he entered the Atlanta Medical college, from which he was graduated in the spring of 1890. The wide-awake, progressive spirit of Dr. Bush, together with his family connections, naturally caused him to participate actively in public affairs, and to become an important political factor. In 1877 he was a candidate for the general assembly, but was defeated by Henry C. Sheffield by a majority of forty-three votes. In 1882 he received the democratic nomination for senator from the Eighth senatorial district and defeated O. G. Gurley, inde pendent democrat. In his capacity as senator Dr. Bush influentially served on the following committees: Corporations, academy for the blind, petitions, engrossing,

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MILTON COUNTY SKETCHES.

529

and the academy for the deaf and dumb, of which he was chairman. He was also made chairman of a special committee to investigate the management of the
academy for the deaf and dumb. A searching investigation disclosed much crook edness in its conduct, which was promptly remedied by legislation recommended
by the committee; commended by his well-earned, wide professional reputation
and his experience as a painstaking legislator, he was appointed by Gov.
Atkinson in August, 1895, a principal physician of the penitentiary. Dr. Bush
is an ardent democrat, a member of the State Medical association, a member of the Masonic fraternity, and a member of the Primitive Baptist church. His fine
business capacity and commanding professional and social position have won for
him a well-deserved influence in the county, which honored itself by honoring him.

g ENJAM IN F. JONES, eldest son of Alexander and Priscilla (Gibson) Jones, was born in Wilkes county, Ga., Sept. 8,1836. His brother, and the only other
child of his parents, died when only ten years old. His father, also a native of Wilkes, was a mechanic, and conducted a small farm while working at his trade. Both parents died at the home of this son, the mother Sept 2, 1865, aged sixty-five years, and the father, Aug. 4,1881. Mr. Jones remained with his parents until Aug. 8. 1858, the date of his marriage to his third cousin, Navey F., daughter of Benja min F. and Susan (Bussey) Jones, of Lincoln county, Ga. Her grandparents were named Weathers. Mr. Jones and wife have had six children born to them: Charles
M., Miller county; Hattie E., Mrs. W. J. Roberts, Colquitt; Ellen F., Mrs. C. B. Mathis, Miller county; and Benjamin A., Emma L., and Nora E., all three deceased. About a year after his marriage Mr. Jones moved from Wilkes county, and in
1860 established his present cozy home in the piney woods of Miller county, about eleven miles east of Colquitt, the county seat, where he owns a fine large tract of productive land. In 1862 he enlisted in the Tenth Georgia cavalry as a private, with which he remained throughout the war, mainly a foragemaster. Feeling and taking always much interest in public matters, Mr. Jones has been almost con tinuously in some public position since the war, plainly indicating the high esteem in which he is held by his fellow-citizens. He was elected to represent Miller
county in the Georgia house of representatives in 1884-85, and is now chairman of the board of county commissioners. Mr. Jones is a democrat, a member of the Baptist church, and a master Mason. He is a worker wherever employed, in
private or public life, and is a very useful citizen.

MILTON COUNTY.
\A7ILLIAM BUICE, farmer, Ocee, Milton Co., Ga., son of William and Mary A. (Mathis) Buice, was born in Spartanburg, S. C., Nov. 22, 1836. His
parents were natives of South Carolina, descendants of early settlers--the father of English and the mother of Irish extraction. He was born in 1804, was an excel lent, well-to-do farmer, came to Georgia in 1857, and settled in Forsyth county, \vhere he died in 1884; his wife having died in 1879. They had sixteen children born to them: Adaline, wife of Moses Thompson; Betty, widow of William Staple; William, the subject of this sketch; Amanda, widow of Reuben Matthews; Susan, wife of John Williams; Marcena, wife of Robert Buice; Joshua; Emily,
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530

MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

wife of Francis Thompson; and John, all living. Those deceased are: Merriman, Henderson, Marcellus, Harriet, Elisha, Samuel, and an infant Mr. Buice was raised on the farm, and was educated at the common schools of the county. He came to Georgia with his parents in 1857, and in 1858 he went to Gwinnett county, Ga., where he lived until 1862, and" then returned to Milton county. That same year he enlisted in Company H, CapL Whaley, Second Georgia cavalry, and was a participant in the following among other battles: Murfreesboro, Munfordville, Perryville, Chickamauga, Missionary Ridge, New Town Church and the siege of Atlanta. He was wounded near Marietta, and sent home. At the end of three months he rejoined his command at Griffin, Ga., and con tinued in the service until the surrender. He saw much arduous and dangerous sen-ice, and relates many thrilling incidents connected with his soldier life. After receiving his discharge at Kinston, N. C., he returned to his farm and went to work, giving his undivided attention to the same until 1870, when he was elected sheriff and was consecutively re-elected five terms. He was then appointed deputy United States marshal and served seven years. About that time he moved to Forsyth county, where he lived until October, 1894, when he came back to Milton county and settled in Ocee. During his residence in Forsyth county he served two years as deputy sheriff. Mr. Buice owns a fine farm, is a progressive and successful farmer, and is well fixed for making abundant crops, and enjoying an easy, pleasant old age, and the esteem of his fellow-citizens. Mr. Buice has been twice married. He was first married in 1854 to Miss Adaline, daughter of Sherod and Elizabeth Webb, who bore him ten children: Sherod; Lctitia, wife of Adolphus Webb; Hampton; Robert; William; Ida, wife of Roane E. Johnson--all living, and the following deceased: Tallulah, Kitty, Dora, and William A. The mother of these died June 2, 1894, and on October 7 following, he married Matilda E. Martin, daughter of Jackson and Elizabeth Webb. Mr. Buice is a strong democrat, and a consistent member of the Baptist church. i
THOMAS F. CHANDLER, physician and surgeon, Alpharetta, Milton Co., Ga., son of John and Saphronia (Turner) Chandler, was born July 17, 1854.
His parents were native Georgians--the father of German and the mother of Scotch-Irish descent. His father, a prosperous farmer of Cobb county, is still living, and a very large land-owner. Dr. Chandler was reared on his father's farm, and after receiving a good English education engaged in fanning. Deciding to adopt a professional life he began the study of medicine in 1875 under the preceptorship of Dr. Cleland of Marietta, Ga., and pursued the study three years. He then attended lectures at the Atlanta Medical college, from which he was graduated in 1880, and soon afterward entered upon the practice in Marietta. In 1883 he located in Alpharetta, where he has remained since. He has estab lished an excellent reputation in his profession, and upon it built a very large and remunerative practice, extending over the surrounding country, and into adjoining counties. He is popular and prosperous and stands well with his fel low-citizens. Dr. Chandler was married May 3, 1875, to Miss Georgia--born April 22, 1854--daughter of Lewis and Martha (Murdock) Grover. Six chil dren have been born to them: Chessie R., born July n, 1877; Annie Pauline, born June 8. 1884; Leo, born Sept. 29, 1889; and Thomas C., born June 7, 1892, and two died in infancy. Dr. Chandler is a democrat and a master Mason; and himself and wife are active members of the Methodist church.
A RTHUR C. MAXWELL, farmer, Alpharetta, Milton Co., Ga.. son of WilHam P. and Sarepta (Rucker) Maxwell, was born in what is now Milton
county, Feb. 4. 1840. His grandparents were natives of Virginia, but his parents

MILTON COUNTY SKETCHES.

531

were born in Georgia. The Maxwells were of Scotch descent Mr. Maxwell's father was a good and an extensive farmer, and owned 480 acres of excellent land in Milton county on which he died in 1885--his wife having died ten years previously. They were the parents of fourteen children: Mary, wife of Single
ton A. Maxwell; Martha, wife of John H. Turner; Arthur C, the subject of this sketch; Edna E. (deceased); William B.; Frances, wife of Elisha Buice; Samantha, wife of Robert Hembree; John E.; Caroline E., wife of Robert Cobb; Sophia, wife of Martin Ball; Nancy (deceased); Amanda (deceased); Jane R., wife of Scott Turner; and one which died in infancy.- Mr. Maxwell was raised on the farm and received a limited education at the near-by country schools. In 1862
he enlisted in Company A, Twenty-second Georgia regiment, which was ordered to Richmond. The first battle in which his regiment took part was White Oak Swamp, and then, among others, the following: Malvern Hill, Second Manassas, Sharpsburg, Fredericksburg, Gettysburg, Wilderness, Front Royal, Spottsyl-
vania Court House, Cold Harbor, Turkey Bend, and Petersburg. He served through the war and received an honorable discharge at Appomattox Court House after the surrender. After his return he fanned on his father's land until 1874, when he went to farming on his own account He has worked hard and managed well, is considered a good farmer, owns a fine 2OO-acre farm and is a stockholder in the Alpharetta creamery. He is one of the reliable, substantial citi
zens of Milton county. Mr. Maxwell was married March 22,1885, to Miss Emily F. Maxwell, by whom he has three children: William J., born in 1886; Robert
W., born in 1889; and an infant child deceased. Mr. Maxwell is a democrat and is a member of the Methodist church.

P)AVID R. MORRIS, farmer-merchant, Alpharetta, Milton Co., Ga., son of
Shadrach and Elizabeth (Pierce) Morris, was born in Jackson county, Ga.,
Aug. 24, 1824. His parents were born, raised and married in North Carolina, whence they came to Georgia and settled in Jackson county in the early years of this century. Subsequently he removed to Fayette county, Ga., where he stayed
until 1837, the year before the Indians were removed, when he moved to and permanently settled in Cherokee county. He followed fanning all his life-- accumulating considerable property, and died May 18, 1862. His wife died Nov.
28, 1856. Nine children were born to them, three of whom are living: William, born May 4, 1805; David R., the subject of this sketch; and Mary. The follow ing are deceased: Sarah, Nancy, James, Joseph, Eliza, and Cynthia. Mr. Morris grew to manhood on the farm. He had to help in raising the crop, schoolhouses being far apart, and the schools not the best Twenty-one days schooling were all he had, but he says it gave him a good start, and he finished it at the
family fireside by the flickering light of burning pine-knots. His mind is strong, and his memory bright and clear as to interesting incidents and important events of the past, while he is wide-awake and keeps fully abreast with the leading political and other matters of the present time. In 1846 he bought eighty acres of land, to which he has gradually added until now he has 320 acres of as good
land as there is in Milton county, and it was paid for by money made by working early and late--and hard, and good management. In 1880 he and his son-inlaw commenced a general merchandising business in Alpharetta, which was suc
cessfully run until 1886, when he bought his partner's interest, and has since conducted it alone. He is one of the pioneer settlers of the county north of
the Chattahoochee, and has much to tell--and loves to tell it--about frontier life
and experiences. There are few men in the county better liked or more highly respected--or to whom more deference is paid. Mr. Morris was happily mar-

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ried Sept 3. 1844. to Miss Dorcas, daughter of William and Xancy Thompson, native Xorth Carolinians. The following children blessed this union: William J., born June 15, 1845; Marx- A., born July 4, 1846, wife of Loxvery Segers; John O., born Dec. 19, 1849: Joseph (deceased); Lewis T., married Mary Davis; Nancy
A., wife of Joseph Rainwater; Martha, xvife of George W. T. Grant; Sarah l.r \\ife of William Blackstock. The mother of these, a faithful helpmeet, and an exemplar}- member of the Baptist church, was born March 28, 1819, and died
May 16, 1894. Mr. Morris is an ardent and uncompromising republican, a master Mason, and a revered member of the Baptist church.

QIDEOX B. THOMASOX, physician and surgeon, Alpharetta, Milton Co., Ga., son of James and Susan (Thomason) Thomason, was born in Laurens
district, S. C., May 19, 1842. Although his parents bore the same surname, they were not related, he being a native of Georgia, of English descent, and she a native of South Carolina, of Scotch-Irish extraction. When a young man his father went to South Carolina, \vhere he remained until after his marriage, when he came back to Georgia, settled in Milton county, and engaged in farming, which he fol lowed until his death in 1862. His widow died in 1889. They were the parents of four children: Joseph M., Gideon B., the subject of this sketch, George S., de ceased, and Elizabeth, wife of James Taylor. Dr. Thomason grew to manhood on the farm, helping in the work on it according to his ability. He received his primary education at the common schools of the county, which was fairly good. In 1862 he enlisted as a private in Company C (Capt Parris), Fifty-second Geor gia regiment. He xvas commissioned orderly sergeant of his company, which xvas ordered to Knoxxille, Tenn., and thence to Yicksburg, where he was during the siege--forty days and nights. With his command he was in the battle at Baker's creek, and subsequently those of Chattanooga, Missionary Ridge, between there and Atlanta, and around the city during the siege of the city. Thence he xvent to Xorth Carolina, and at Smithfield, in that state, was wounded and sent to the hospital at Raleigh, and after remaining there about six weeks was trans
ferred to Greensboro, \vhere he was at the time of the surrender. He took the oath of allegiance at Washington, Ga., and then returned to his home. In 1866 he began the study of medicine under Dr. R. B. Anderson, and then attended lectures at Atlanta Medical college, from which he was graduated in 1867. He located immediately afterward about three miles from Alpharetta, where he remained until 1881, \vhen he moved to Alpharetta and located permanently. He has been satisfactorily successful as a physician and enjoys the confidence of the com munity to the fullest extent as to his professional skill. He owns and has in a fine state of cultivation and improvement an excellent I4o-acre farm near Alpha retta, and thirty acres of eligibly situated property in the town, and is also a stock holder in the. Alpharetta creamer)-. He is enterprising and progressive in all lines of professional and business activity. Dr. Thomason was married Nov. 22, 1882, to Miss Jemima A.--born in 1862--daughter of James and Angelina E. (Polly) McCullun, by whom he has had one child, Willie G., born Dec. 23, 1883. He is a democrat and a master Mason, and himself and wife are members of the Methodist church.

j

MITCHELL COUNTY SKETCHES.
MITCHELL COUNTY.
DOBERT J. BACON, planter, Baconton, Mitchell Co., Ga., son of Thomas and Sarah (Holcombe) Bacon, was born in Liberty county, Ga., Dec. 6, 1830.
His paternal grandfather, Thomas Bacon, was a native of South Carolina, and came to Georgia when a boy with his father's family with a company composed of Puritans and some cavaliers from Dorchester and Beach Hill, S. C, and set tled at Medway and Newport, St. John's parish (now Liberty county), Ga., in 1752. He was a soldier in the patriot army during the revolutionary war. Mr. Bacon's father was born in Liberty county, Ga., in October, 1775, and was the first-born of the children, and was reared and lived and died in the county. He was a man of great energy and activity, very influential, and as a Jeffersonian democrat repre sented the county in the general assembly. He was a very prominent member of the Baptist church, of which he was for many years a deacon. He died in 1834 in Philadelphia while on a visit to that city. He raised nine children, of whom the subject of this sketch, and the only daughter--Mrs. Joshua H. Foster, Tuscaloosa, Ala.--are the sole survivors. Mr. Bacon was reared and received his preparatory education in Liberty county, and then entered the university of Geor gia, Athens, from which he was graduated in 1851. He afterward settled in Troup county, Ga., and engaged in planting until 1858, when he moved to> Mitchell coun ty, and settled at what is now known as Baconton--a town founded by himself. With the exception of a few years spent in the mercantile business in Albany, Ga., he has lived here and given his time and attention exclusively to his planting interests. He is a gentleman of culture, of extensive and varied information, prominent and influential in politics, and in all matters bearing on the development of his county and section. No citizen is better known; few, if any, more popular. From 1861 to 1865 he represented the county in the general assembly. He owns and conducts a large plantation at Baconton, under a high state of cultivation. Mr. Bacon has been twice married. By his first marriage he had four children: Cornelia, wife of Rev. R. J. Wilingham, D. D., Richmond, Va., corresponding secretary Foreign Missionary board, Baptist church; Isabella, wife of W. G. Cooper, editor "Tribune," Rome, Ga.; Ella and Laura, at home. By his second marriage he has had one child--Robert J., Jr. Himself and wife are exemplary and leading members of the Baptist church.
("" EORGE M. BACON, manager De Witt Farming company, De Witt, Mitchell Co., Ga., son of Thomas J. and Georgia (Meriwether) Bacon, was born in
Troup county, Ga., Sept. 7, 1847. Thomas Bacon, his grandfather, was an early settler and a wealthy and prominent planter in Liberty county, Ga. Mr. Bacon's father was born and raised and prepared for college in Liberty county, then attended the university of Georgia at Athens. He married Miss Georgia, only child of George Meriwether, a wealthy planter and influential citizen of Clarke county, Ga. Not long after his marriage, in 1845, he settled in La Grange, Troup Co., Ga., where for awhile he edited "The Chattahoochee," a news paper. Subsequently he entered upon the practice of law, which continued with increasing success until 1861. During this period he was mayor of La Grange a number of years. He was an "old line whig" until 1860, when he voted for Ureckinridge. Soon after the war between the states begun he enlisted in

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MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

the Twenty-seventh Georgia regiment, of which he was made commissary, with rank of captain. At the battle of Seven Pines, near Richmond, in 1862, he vol unteered as aide to Gen. Anderson, and was killed early in the fight His wife remained a widow and died at the home of her daughter, Mrs. Baker, in Cartersville, Bartow Co., Ga., in 1890. They had five children: George Meriwether, the subject of this sketch; Sumner Winn, Atlanta, Ga.; Jeannie Beatrice (Mrs. J. A. Baker, now of Guthrie, Oklahoma); Lucy Anderson (Mrs. Thomas Fulton, de ceased, Decatur, near Atlanta), and Thomas J., deceased at six years. Mr. Bacon's boyhood was passed in La Grange, and he was about thirteen years of age when his father entered the Confederate service. The last year of the war he enlisted in Company B, Gen. Tyler's brigade, state troops, was elected third lieutenant, afterward promoted to first lieutenant when only seventeen years of age, and was in command of his company at the time of Lee's surrender. In 1868 he entered into the management of the large farming interests of his uncle, Robert J. Bacon, in Mitchell county, Ga. Continuing in this capacity until 1877, when his uncle and himself formed a partnership, and engaged in merchandising and farming, making from 300 to 400 bales of cotton per year. In 1883 he moved to and settled on the present site of De Witt, then an old dilapidated place that had been run as an old cotton plantation until considered worn out and almost value less. By thrift and untiring energy the lands have been brought up to their pres ent high state of cultivation, and the general improvements are the best in southwestern Georgia. In December, 1893, he became associated with D. C. Bacon in.the De Witt Farming company, with D. C. Bacon president, and engaged extensively in raising cotton, grain, hay, stock, etc., and they have now, also, 300 acres in fruits, nuts and grapes. The company owns 2,000 acres of land in a body. The S., F. & W. railway passes through, near the center of the plan tation (and on this is located the little town of De Witt), and Flint river borders the west On the east side of the railroad can be seen from the car windows r the fine young orchard of 20,000 peach trees. On the west side pears and pecans," and tiie broad avenue of oaks and elms that lead up to "The Park." Mr. Bacon married Miss Julia Holcombe, daughter of Thomas Holcombe, of Savannah, Ga. Mr. Bacon is a K. of P., a Knight of Honor and a member of the A. O. U. W. Mrs. Bacon is a devout Episcopalian and their little daughter has been christened Cleland Nelson, for the bishop of Georgia. Mrs. Bacon possesses a loveliness of character and disposition which makes her a social favorite among a very extensive acquaintance. Her beautiful home is noted for its hospitality and many social gatherings. Her sister, Mrs. D. C. Bacon, and her mother, Mrs. Holcombe, each own cozy cottages and winter homes on either side--all in the same enclosure, known as "The Park." Happier homes or more pleasant sur roundings cannot be found in the south.

OEV. THOMAS A. BARROW, farmer and minister, Pelham, Mitchell county, Ga., son of David C. and Sarah (Pope) Barrow, was born in Ogletlorpe
county, Ga., in 1843. His paternal great-great-grandfather, Thomas Barrow, was born in England in 1640, came to America and settled in Southampton county, Va., where he died in 1730, aged ninety years. His great-grandfather, of same name, was born on the Xottoway river, Southampton county, Va., where he was raised, and afterward moved to North Carolina. James Barrow, son of Thomas, and grandfather of our subject, was born in North Carolina, Jan. 31, 1757, and served as a drummer boy in the patriot anny during the revolutionary war. At the battle of Cowpens. S. C., he had his head split open with a saber. He was married three times, his third wife being a Miss Lewis, a native of Georgia, who died a

MITCHELL, COUNTY SKETCHES.

535

few years later, leaving two children: David C. and Patience. He was an ardent
member of the Baptist church, of which he was a deacon, and lived to be quite old. Patience, the daughter, married William McKinley and settled on the old homestead at Milledgeville, where they lived until they died. David C, Mr. Barrows' father, was born in Milledgeville, July, 26, 1815, and his mother in
Oglethorpe county. The Pope family were early settlers of Oglethorpe (then Wilkes) county; and Mr. Barrow's maternal grandfather, Middleton Pope, was a wealthy planter, living a few miles south of Lexington. To this union nine children were born, of whom four are living: Pope, lawyer, and ex-United States senator, Savannah, Ga.; David C., professor university of Georgia; Mrs. Spalding, Sapelo Island, Ga., and Thomas A., the subject of this sketch. The mother of these children having died, Mr. Barrow contracted a second marriage, but had
no children. Rev. Barrow was reared on the farm, and attended subscription schools until he was fifteen years old--1858--when he entered the university of
Georgia, where he remained until 1861, when he enlisted in the Troup artillery, the first company organized in Athens, and entered the Confederate service. He served through the war, participating in many important battles, among them: Savage Station, Crompton Gap, Md., and Fredericksburg. Entering the army as a private he was gradually promoted, until at the close he was an adjutant, and having served through the war was paroled May 19, 1865, at Waynesboro, Ga. After the surrender he went to Decatur county, Ga., and settled on a farm, and remained on it until 1891. That year he removed to Pelham, which has since been his home, and where he has been extensively engaged in farming. ' In 1890 he was ordained a minister of the Baptist church, and since then has been serving
Meigs and Hopeful churches as pastor. Mr. Barrow was married in 1872 to Miss Jennie Turner, daughter of Rev. Thomas Turner of Illinois. In 1879 she died, a consistent member of the Methodist church, leaving two children: David .C., now in the junior class at the university of Georgia, and Clara Elizabeth, in the junior class at the Lucy Cobb institute, at Athens, Ga. Mr. Barrow's second
marriage was to Miss Alice, daughter of Columbus W. and Columbia A. (Bower) Hand, by whom he has had two children: Thomas A., Jr., and Frances Cuthbert. Rev. Barrow manages his extensive planting interests with marked ability and
success, and is devoted in his service to the churches under his pastorate and the Baptist church generally. In politics he is a democrat, and is a member of the
masonic fraternity.

WILLIAM L. BENNETT, farmer, Camilla, Mitchell Co., Ga., son of Lemuel D. and Jane (Little) Bennett, was born in Anson county, N. C., in 1833. His
paternal grandfather, William Bennett, was a native of North Carolina, was a planter, and lived and died in that state. He married a Miss Susan Dunn, whose mother lived to be 106 years old. Her family were ardent patriots during the revolutionary war, and lost everything they had except one feather bed. His maternal grandfather, William Little, was a native of England, came to the United States when young and settled in North Carolina, where he married and followed farming, living to extreme old age. Mr. Bennett's father was born in North Carolina, April 15, 1805, and died in the county in which he was born Oct. 26, 1879. He was a consistent member of the Methodist church. His mother was born Oct 20,1811, and died a devout Episcopalian, Dec. 10, 1873. They were the parents of ten children, of whom seven are yet living: John \V., in North Caro lina; William L., the subject of this sketch; Thomas R., Camilla; Mrs. A. E. Townsend, Mitchell county; Mrs. Mary J. Smith; Frank and Mrs. Charlotte Dunlap, Anson county, N. C. The other children died in childhood. Mr. Bennett was reared and assisted on the farm in Anson county, and was educated in the

536

MEMOIRS OP GEORGIA.

common schools of that locality and time. In 1854, with no capital except a good constitution, a strong resolution, and integrity of character, he started out in life for himself. By way of Camden, S. C., he went to Pulaski county, Ark. From there he went by railway to Xashville, Tenn., and thence by water to Napoleon, Ark., at the mouth of the Arkansas river. From there he went to Aberdeen, Ark., and thence by private conveyance to Little Rock, Ark., settling finally on
a tract of land twelve miles below Little Rock, on the Arkansas river. He remained there until 1870, when he came to Georgia, and, in 1873, settled per manently in Mitchell county, where he has a large and magnificent body of land under the very best of cultivation. Starting poor and among strangers, he has by untiring industry, close attention to business, well-directed energy and enter prise, and economy, acquired a large and valuable property. He continues to be a hard worker, is modest, unambitious of any distinction save that of being a good citizen and neighbor. He is considered to be one of the solidest and most substantial citizens of Mitchell county, and entirely reliable in every respect. His home is a delightful and attractive one. four miles west of Camilla, where amidst appreciative neighbors and friends he dispenses an open-handed hospitality. During the war between the states he served in the commissary department of Arkansas. Mr. Bennett was happily married in Arkansas, Jan. 12, 1858, to Miss P. A. Adams, daughter of Dudley and Sarah (Townsend) Adams. Mr. Adams was born in Greene county, Va., July 25, 1806, where he was raised and married--
his wife being Virginia born also--and where he lived until he had several children. He then moved to middle Tennessee, and thence, subsequently to west Tennessee, and settled in Tipton county, where he engaged in farming. He died in Lonoke, Ark., Jan. 12, 1876, while there on a visit His wife died about the same time in Tennessee. They had nine children, of whom three are living: J. G.. Cabot, Ark.: Albert S., Dallas, Tex., and P. A., wife of the subject of this sketch. Mrs. Bennett lived in Tennessee until she was thirteen years old, when her father moved to Arkansas, first settling in Prairie, and afterward in Pulaski county. She received her primary education in the common schools of these counties, but finished it in Covington, Tipton Co., Tenn., and is one of the most accomplished ladies in Mitchell county. Two children--a son and a daughter-- have blessed this union: William A., druggist, Camilla, and Arkie, a very accom plished young lady, a graduate of the Methodist Female college, Cuthbert, Ga. Mr. Bennett is an ardent promoter of all religious movements, and a generous
giver. He is one of the stanchest of democrats, and himself and family are exemplary and influential members of the Methodist church.

I ITTLETOX A. BROOKS, planter, Baconton, Mitchell Co., Ga., son of Littleton and Lucinda ^Lowe) Brooks--born respectively in Virginia and
South Carolina--was born in Edgcneld district, S. C., in 1849. His father was born in Virginia in 1792, and when sixteen years old came with the family to South Carolina and settled in Edgefield district. There he grew to manhood on the farm, married, and accumulated a large property very rapidly. In 1853
he removed by wagon, with forty negroes, to Cherokee county, Ga., and purchased what is now known as the "Bullock Place," where he lived until 1863, when he moved to Mitchell county and settled eight miles east of Baconton, where he died in 1872, aged eighty years. He was a very ardent and active democrat, a warm admirer and devoted friend of Joseph E. Brown, and a prominent member of the Baptist church, of which he was a deacon for forty years. His widow died at the old home place in 1883. aged sixty-six years. To them ten children were born--nine before they came to Georgia/ Those now living are: William

MITCHELL, COUNTY SKETCHES. 537
A., Lee county; E. B., Mitchell county; L. A., the subject of this sketch; D. B., on the old home place; Rebecca, wife of A. J. Frazier. Those deceased are: Robert; N. H.; Benjamin, died during the late civil war; Lucretia, Mrs. Robinson; and Virginia, Mrs. Jassiert. Mr. Brooks was fourteen years of age when his father moved to Mitchell county, where he was educated and grew to manhood. He remained on the farm until 1874, when he settled at Baconton, on the Savannah, Florida & Western railway, where he engaged in merchandising and was appointed railway and express agent and postmaster. In 1877 he settled on the farm where he now lives, which contains 500 acres, 250 of which are under cultivation. He is very energetic, is among the most progressive of farmers and citizens, and possesses remarkable executive ability. Himself and all his family are workers. Mr. Brooks was married in 1877 to Miss Alpha M. Bowls, born in Mitchell county, daughter of W. S. Bowls. She was liberally educated at Jonesboro, Clayton Co., Ga. Six children have been born to them: Eugene, Willis M., Frank B., Lena A., deceased; Robert and Byron B. Mrs. Brooks is a member of the Baptist church. He is a leading member of the county democracy.
ISAAC A. BUSH, lawyer and farmer, Camilla, Mitchell Co., Ga., son of Isaac and Temperance (Roberts) Bush, was born in Early county, Ga., May 10, 1848. His
grandfather, James Bush, came to Georgia from one of the Carolinas, and was one of the earliest settlers in Early county. The family settled near where Blakely now stands, and he lived there until 1869, when he died at a very advanced age. He was very successful as a planter, acquired a large number of slaves, and became quite popular and influential. He was a soldier in the Florida war. and was an "old-line whig." He was four times married, and reared a very large family, nineteen children. He was a zealous and influential member of the Baptist church. Five of his children are yet living, three daughters and two sons. Isaac and Elijah B.; the latter is principal physician of the state penitentiary of Georgia. Isaac, the first named, is the father of the subject of this sketch. He was a son of his father's second wife. Miss Mary (Caraway) Bush, who was the mother of ten children. He was born Sept. 2i, 1821, and is yet living, hale and hearty for his age, at what has been his home for more than thirty years, in Miller county. Ga. As a farmer he has been eminently successful, has held the various offices of the county, including that of ordinary, and has represented the county in both branches of the general assembly. He served as a private soldier in the army of the Confederacy under Col. Hood. His wife died Oct. 13, 1893, aged seventy-one years. Of the ten children born to them six survive: Three daughters and three sons. The latter are: James S., merchant and farmer; Charles C.. lawyer, both of Colquitt, Miller Co., Ga., and Isaac A. Mr. Isaac A. Bush was the second born of those living and was reared in Early and Miller counties, and educated in the common schools and at the academy at Colquitt. During the late war he served first in the Georgia militia, and when his command was disbanded at Griffin he enlisted in a siege artillery regiment at St. Mark's, and participated in the battle at Newport, and in the defense of Atlanta during the siege. He read law under Sims & Crawford, eminent lawyers, Bainbridge, Ga., and in October, 1868. was admitted to the bar. In the fall of 1877 ne located in Camilla, which has since been his home and the field of his professional labor. He is a leading member of the Camilla bar, and considered one of the ablest lawyers in the circuit, has achieved eminent success, won an enviable reputation and a large and valuable clientage; at the same time he manages with unusual success extensive planting interests. He is considered high authority in agriculture as well as law. He represented Miller county two terms--four years--and the senatorial district one term in the general assembly some years ago. While in the house he was instrumental as

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MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

chairman of that committee in having a law enacted taxing wild lands. He is now (1895) representing Mitchell county in the general assembly. At the last ses sion of that body he introduced the famous "anti-bar-room" bill. Mr. Bush comes of a family of legislators, his father, all of his brothers and he himself having at different times been prominent members of the lower branch of the general assem bly, and all but one brother, James S-, having represented their district in the state senate. Mr. Charles C. Bush, who now represents the Eighth district in the state senate, is the youngest brother of the subject of this sketch. Mr. Bush was married in September, 1870, to Miss Calista W., daughter of W. G. Sheffield, a leading citizen of Calhoun county, Ga. Six children who have blessed this union are now living: Robert D. and Marshall E., who are now practicing law with their father under the firm name of I. A. Bush & Sons, both of whom are A. B. graduates of Emory college and have attended the law school of the university of Georgia; Nina Irene, a member of the junior class of the Wesleyan Female college, Macon, Ga.; Isaac A., Jr.; Ross, and Calista. Mr. Bush is a royal arch Mason, and he and his family are zealous and exemplary members of the Methodist church. He has been elected three times a delegate from the annual to the gen eral conference of the Methodist Episcopal church south; first, that held at Rich mond, Va.; second, that at St Louis, Mo., and, third, that held at Memphis, Tenn., in 1895. This is the highest honor the church can confer upon a layman. He is noted for his liberal support of the church and of intellectual and moral progressiveness.

D OBERT H. COCHRAN, planter, Camilla, Mitchell Co., Ga., son of James and Martha (Smith) Cochran, was born in Chambers county, Ala, His great
grandfather, Adam Cochran, was one of three brothers who came from Scotland to this country before the revolutionary war and settled in Virginia. John Coch ran, his grandfather, when grown to manhood, moved to North Carolina, where he married Miss Sarah McMillan. They remained in North Carolina until they had nine children, seven sons and two daughters, when he migrated to Alabama, whence, subsequently he removed to Georgia, and settled near Albany in what is now Dougherty county. But one of his children, Mrs. Rose M. Beverly, Thomas county, Ga., is now living. Although when a young man he became paralyzed on one side, he lived to be ninety years old. He was a stanch democrat, a large and successful planter, and himself and wife consistent members of the Missionary Baptist church, and both were buried in the family burying ground in Dougherty county. Mr. Cochran's father, fifth child of his parents, was born in North Caro lina, and while yet young moved with his family to Alabama, where he grew to manhood and married Miss Martha Smith, who was born in North Carolina. He served as a soldier in the Florida war. Subsequently he moved from Alabama to Georgia, and settled near Albany, in what is now Dougherty county, where he died. To him were born six children: William, who died in Yorktown in the Confederate service; John, deceased, widow and four children now living in Mitchell county; James, deceased, merchant, left widow and two children in Camil la; Callie, deceased at fifteen; C. C. Cochran, and Robert H., the subject of this sketch. The family subsequently moved to Baker county, and thence to the neighborhood where our subject now lives, with whom his mother, born in 1814. now eighty years of age, makes her home. Mr. Cochran, when five years old, came with the family to a place near Albany, Ga., where the family lived twelve years. When he was eighteen years of age he enlisted in Campbell's siege artillery company, and was stationed at St. Mark's, Fla., performing guard duty, and skirmishing more or less for the two years and two months he was in the service, when he was compelled to come home on account of seriously impaired health.

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He then assumed the management of the home place, not far from where he lives.
Mr. Cochran's life has been an eventful and very busy one. Being wholesouled. and, hence, popular, and withal of great capability, his fellow-citizens have kept him almost constantly in some public position. He has been sheriff of the county,
deputy sheriff four years, tax collector fourteen years, and in 1892 was elected to represent the county in the general assembly. He is extensively engaged in plant
ing, has a splendid well-managed and improved plantation, and takes an active and deep interest in everything promising to develop and add to the material pros perity of the county. He makes his influence felt in whatever cause or object he
espouses. Mr. Cochran has been married three times. His first wife was Miss Emma Haile, by whom he had three children: Underwood, a graduate of the medical college, Louisville, Ky., physician and druggist, Camilla, Ga.; Mattie Lou, wife of James Hall, Thomas county, and B. H., Camilla. His second wife was
Miss Blanche Haile, by whom he had two sons, Roy and Edward, both at home. For his third wife he married Miss Henrietta Haile, a cousin of his first wife, who has borne him three children: Mildred J., Robert H., Jr., and Eustis. Mr. Cochran
and his family are exemplary members of the Baptist church. Mr. Cochran's brother, C. C. Cochran, is a successful planter and stock raiser, living in Mitchell county. He has been twice married, his first wife being Janie, a daughter of James
Collins, a well-to-do farmer of Mitchell county, and his second wife, Douglas
Collins, a sister of the first wife. By the first marriage three children were born: Maud, Collins, and Janie; and by the second one son, Will.

QEORGE C. COCHRAN, farmer-merchant, Flint, Mitchell Co., Ga., son of Robert and Elizabeth (Smith) Cochran, was born in Chambers county, Ala.,
in 1845. His great-grandfather, Adam Cochran, was one of three brothers who
came from Scotland to this country before the revolutionary war. John Cochran, his grandfather, settled in North Carolina, where he married Miss Sallie McMillan--he dying at ninety and she at eighty-four years of age. Mr. Cochran's father was born in Anson county, N. C., in August, 1805. He was raised a farmer, and farming was his life pursuit. His wife was born Feb. 2, 1817, and they were married in 1836. After their marriage they migrated to Georgia and stopped in Talbot county one year. They then went to Meriwether county, Ga., where they
spent another year,.and then moved to Alabama and settled in Chambers county, where they remained until 1850, when they returned to Georgia and settled in Baker county. After remaining there ten years they moved to Mitchell county
and settled near Flint, where he died in February, 1889, aged eighty-four years. He was a democrat and an active member of the Missionary Baptist church, in which he took a lively interest His widow, hale and hearty for one of her years--
seventy-seven--makes her home with the subject of this sketch. She is also a devout member of the Baptist church. They were the parents of thirteen chil dren, of whom twelve were raised to maturity, and eight are yet living: John W.,
Thomasville, Ga.; Robert T., Mitchell county; G. B., Flint; George C, the subject of this sketch: Mrs. Sarah A. Johnson, Meigs, Thomas Co.; Mrs. Martha M. Adams; Mrs. Elizabeth Stripling and Mrs. Rosa Jones. Those de ceased are J. T., Mrs. Mollie Putnam, Marquis De La Fayette, who was acci dentally killed after his return from the Confederate army; Ida and Alice, an infant Mr. Cochran was raised and educated and grew to manhood in Mitchell county, excepting the time he was in the army. After the war he began life for himself on the old homestead and operated it three years. He then went to Dougherty county and permanently located at Flint, where he has since been
extensively engaged in farming and a general merchandise business. He has

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1,600 acres under admirable cultivation, wisely diversifying his crops. For seven years after coming here he did a milling business, but of late years he has devoted himself entirely to his farm and store, prospering in both. Mr. Cochran married Miss Anna B., daughter of Dr. James S. and Mary Summerlyn (nee Partridge) Jones, natives, respectively, of Virginia and Georgia. Dr. Jones received a liberal education in his native state, and coming to Georgia, was for some years local editor of the "Morning News," Savannah. He afterward went to Florida, where he became a leading physician. He was born in May, 1817, and died in South Florida, Sept 18, 1885. His wife was born in 1817, and died in November, 1889. Dr. Jones was a royal arch Mason and himself and wife were members of the Presbyterian church. Three children were born to them: Minor S., Titusville, Fla.; Anna B., wife of our subject, and William L., Houston county, Ga. Mrs. Jones had three children by her first husband, of whom one, Mrs. John S. Purviance, Hamilton county, Fla., is still living. Mrs. Cochran was raised in Florida, was educated in Lake City and Fernandina, and was engaged in teaching in Dougherty county, Ga., when she married Mr. Cochran. Five children have blessed their union: Ida Lou, who died at the age of thirteen; George H., Eva Florida, Robert S. and Anna Jones. A leading and prosperous farmer and mer chant, he is prominent and influential, socially, politically and financially. He is a stanch democrat and himself and wife are consistent members of the Missionary Baptist church.

I A- M. COLONS, planter and turpentine distiller, Flint, Mitchell Co., Ga., son
* of Bryant and Martha (Bullard) Collins, was born in Coweta county, Ga., in 1838. His parents were natives of North Carolina, who, soon after their mar riage, came to Georgia and settled in Wilkinson county. In 1826 or 1827 they
moved to Coweta count}-, settled on a farm and lived there eighteen or twenty years. They then moved to Stewart county, farmed particularly successfully some years, and then moved and settled near Flint, in that part of Baker, now included in Mitchell count)-. Here they lived until they died--he in 1862, aged sixty-eight, and she, a member of the Baptist church, in 1863, aged sixty-five years. He was a man of considerable ability, of strong and determined character, and before the war accumulated a handsome property. Left an orphan, and poor, he enjoyed no educational advantages, but entering a store as a clerk while a boy, he acquired the rudiments of an education, and such a knowledge of busi ness affairs as to be consulted about, and employed to write deeds, contracts, etc. Later in life he served as a justice of the peace; while living in Coweta county he taught school, and also served as a soldier in the Florida war. Politically he was an old-time democrat. To this worthy couple nine children--five sons and four daughters--were born, of whom three are now living: James A., L. A. M., the
subject of this sketch, and Mrs. Martha Tyar, Americus, Ga. Those deceased are: Jessie, Mrs. Beck, Mitchell county; Caroline, wife of Daniel Palmer; Priscilla. Mrs. Joiner. Mitchell county; Joseph, served during the war, died in Camilla;
Charles, served during the war, wounded in battle at Ocean Pond; Benjamin, wounded at Petersburg, died while on his way home. Mr. Collins was raised mainly in Stewart and Mitchell counties, attending schools in both, coming to what is now Mitchell county in 1854, and located near the home place, where he lived until he went to Camilla. After five years' residence there he moved to his present property, where he has since been extensively and profitably engaged in the turpentine and rosin business. He has two plants, one at Flint, and a larger one on the line between Mitchell and Colquitt counties, about ten miles east of Flint, which is the largest in the count}'. He owns about 11,000 acres of land,

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54!

and his output is about 1,000 barrels of turpentine and 5,000 barrels of rosin. He is the largest producer in Mitchell county. He has been postmaster at Flint since the office was established. Besides his turpentine and rosin business Mr. Collins conducts a very extensive farming interest. He is one of the shrewdest and best money-making men in the county, and possesses great force of character. He
is a democrat and has represented Mitchell county in the general assembly. Mr. Collins was married to Mrs. Laura A. (nee Fitzgerald) Hilliard, of Stewart county,
by whom he has had six children: Delia, Martha L., Rosa, C. D., J. E. and D. B. Mrs. Collins is an ardent and exemplary member of the Missionary Baptist
church, and the family is one of the most interesting and intelligent in the com
munity.

I B. C. EVANS, planter, Baconton, Mitchell Co., Ga., son of Ezekiel and Zarah (Bacon) Evans, was born in Bernwell (now Aken) district, S. C., in
1830. The family is of Welsh extraction--members of it having gone from Wales to Belfast, Ireland, where they were linen weavers. Mr. Evans' great
grandfather emigrated thence to America and settled in South Carolina, bringing his flax wheel with him. His son James, Mr. Evans' grandfather, was born in South Carolina. His father, Ezekiel, was born in Abbeville district, S. C, in 1787, and was reared and received a good education there. His wife was born in Edgefield district, S. C., in 1803. During the war with Great Britain in 1812-14 a cavalry company was raised in the Evans neighborhood, which he joined, but the company was not called into service. In early life he taught school, then settled on a farm and married--thereafter making farming his life pursuit In 1836, with
his wife and seven children, he came by wagon to Georgia and settled in Houston county, purchasing two tracts of land partially improved, where he lived until
he died. He was very successful and accumulated a quite valuable estate. For a number of years he was a justice of the peace, the only office he ever held, for although well qualified he never desired or sought office. He was an "old-line
whig" and and uncompromising union man. Ten children were born to them, only two of whom are now living: L. B. C., the subject of this sketch, and Mary, widow of Kinchen Radford, who makes her home with Mr. Evans. The deceased children are: Henry, died in Dooly county, Ga.; John, died in Houston county in 1877; Sarah, died in the same county and year; Clara, wife of John K. Long, Thomas county, Ga.; James R., died in the Confederate service near Charleston, S. C., and three who died when young. Himself and wife were members of the Methodist church, and both died in Houston county--she in 1844 a"d he in 1854. The maternal grandfather of Mr. L. B. C. Evans, Lydwell Bacon, was a small boy when the British occupied * Augusta, and went with his mother to live near
that city, their home neighborhood being full of tones. His father at the time
was in the patriot army, under Gen. Greene. Mr. Evans was but five years old when his parents moved to Georgia; yet he says he well remembers the trip, especially the first day, as it rained the entire day and he wondered where he was going to sleep. He received a common school education in Houston county, and when he became of age he began farming on his own account Soon after himself and his brother John bought the home place and operated it until 1859, when they sold it with the intention of going to Louisiana. But the war having been precipitated, they abandoned their purpose. In 1858 he went to Texas to look at the country, going overland to Greenwood, Miss., thence by water to Baton Rouge, La., from there up Red river to Shreveport, La., and then on a
prospecting tour in Texas. In March, 1862, he enlisted in an artillery company, Capt. Joe Palmer, now (1895) ordinary of Houston county, and served under

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MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

Gens. Bragg, Johnston and Hood. He was a participant in the battle of Perryville, Ky., was with Morgan in his Kentucky raid, in front of Gen. Sherman's army, Chattanooga to Atlanta, and with his command aided in the defense of that city. His command did not accompany Gen. Hood to Tennessee, but re mained in Georgia, and in the service until the surrender. He received two flesh wounds from bullets--one in the leg and one on his jaw--during the war, but was otherwise unhurt After the war he returned to Houston county, bought a farm, and cultivated it until 1877, when he sold it and bought land near Baconton and settled on it He now owns 500 acres, a large portion of which is under productive and profitable cultivation, with a roomy and comfortable residence and
large and substantial outbuildings such as a prosperous and progressive farmer would have. Mr. Evans was married three times. His first wife was Miss Hattie Lane, by whom he had two children: Susie, wife of E. D. Glousier, merchant and postmaster, Baconton, and Edith C, deceased wife of J. D. Frazier. The mother of these having died, he married Miss Julia Logan, who bore him two children: James L., at home, and Matthew, who died when nine months old, in 1874. His son by this marriage was educated at Cuthbert, Randolph Co., Ga., and is with the family, assisting in the management of the farm. For his third wife he married Mrs. Hazleton, of Muscogee county, Ga. Mr. Evans is a demo crat, and himself and family are members of the Methodist church, of which he is a steward.

JOHN C. FRAZIER, planter and sheep raiser, Raiford, Mitchell Co., Ga., son
of David and Penelope (Crawford) Frazier, was born in Pulaski county, Ga., in 1825. His father was a native of North Carolina, was left an orphan, and raised by Stig. Graham of Pulaski county. After he had attained manhood and married and had one child, he moved to Thomas county, where he lived until his death,
which occurred when our subject was four years old, by his falling from a house he was raising. His mother married again and lived in Thomas county until her children were grown, when she moved to Mitchell county and lived with one of her sons until she died, eighty years of age. By her first husband she was the mother of three children: John C., the subject of this sketch; W. B., who served through the late civil war, the only survivor of the first company he was a member
of, and one of four survivors of the second, and is now engaged in stock raising near Ft Myers, in Everglade county, Fla.; Eliza Jane, near Camilla, widow of David Faircloth. Mr. Frazier was reared a fanner and stock-raiser in Thomas county, and received an exceedingly limited education. When grown he
purchased a farm on the Flint river in that part of Baker now included in Mitchell county, and lived there about eight years. He then bought and settled the place where he now lives, and has since been engaged in farming and sheep husbandry. For forty-Jive years he has lived in sight of where he now lives, and small oak trees he planted on his present home place are now large enough for saw-logs. He owns a very large body of land, and besides being extensively engaged in
farming, has about 2,000 sheep. During the war Mr. Frazier was detailed to look after government stock. Mr. Frazier has been married twice. He first married Miss Susan Faircloth, Georgia-born, who died in April, 1884 (a member of the Baptist church), leaving six children: Raiford C, merchant and postmaster at Raiford, named for him; Calvin, deceased; John W., near Baconton; William B.; J. D.; and Andrew J., all three near the home place. His second wife was Miss Elizabeth Jassiert, of German descent, born in Greene county, Ga. Mr. Frazier
belongs to the democratic party, and is a member of the Baptist church. He is

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543

a hard worker and good manager; the largest sheep grower in the county, honor able in everything, and held in the highest esteem.

JUDSON L. HAND, planter, merchant and manufacturer, Pelham, Mitchell Co., Ga., son of Columbus W. and Columbia A. (Bower) Hand--natives
respectively of Burke and Baldwin counties, Ga.--was born in Houston county, Ga., in 1851. His father early in life settled on a plantation in Houston county and
followed farming. In 1856 he moved to Sumter county, where he died in 1880, aged fifty-seven years. His widow, our subject's mother, is still living on the home plantation. He was a very successful planter, a democrat in politics, served as a lieutenant in the late civil war, and was wounded in one of the fights around Macon, Ga. Of the children born to him, five are now living: Mrs. Emma Stewart, living on the old homestead; Judson L., subject of this sketch; Mrs. Ella McKellar, living on a part of the old homestead; Mrs. Ida Scarborough, Twiggs county; Mrs. Alice Barrow, wife of Rev. A. Barrow. Mr. Hand was raised and educated and prepared for college in Sumter county, and graduated with honor in 1871 from the university of Georgia. At college he was a member of the K. A. fraternity, and editor and business manager of the college paper. Starting in life for himself he invested largely in lands and located at Pelham, in Mitchell county, where he engaged extensively in agriculture and the lumber business, in which he was very prosperous. He owns 20,000 acres of land, 13,000 of which is virgin forest, and 2,600 acres under cultivation. Of this, in 1894, he had 600 acres in watermelons. Besides his extensive farming and lumber interests at Pelham he is interested in a large ginnery and a cottonseed-oil mill. In 1876 he commenced a general merchandise business on a small scale, and this business has grown, until now it is the largest business in plantation sup plies in south Georgia. From 1878 to 1888 he was extensively engaged in the turpentine business, and in 1883 he was the largest naval stores operator in the south. He is to-day the largest melon grower in the United States. Evidences of his sagacity and business enterprise are seen in the development and prosperity of the country around him everywhere. A few years ago he introduced in his section the culture of sea island cotton by planting it on his own farm, and now it is one of the most important crops in South Georgia. He takes an active interest in politics and has represented Mitchell county and the Eighth senatorial district in 'the general assembly. His home is one of the most delightful and charming in all that section, his residence being one of the finest, almost palatial in its magnificent proportions, its imposing architectural exterior, and its elaborately finished and embellished interior, all surrounded by a profusion of flowers unexcelled for gorgeousness and fragrance. Mr. Hand married Miss Enna Collinsworth of Sumter county, a graduate of Furlow college at Americus; a union which has been blessed with three children: Florence, Irene and Leland. He is a strong working democrat, and a master Mason. He is the master spirit and president of the Hand Trading company, and one of the wealthiest citizens
in that part of Georgia.
A BSALOM JACKSON, deceased, son of William Jackson, was born in Greene county, Ga., early in the present century. William Jackson, his father, was
a descendant of English-Scotch emigrants, who came to this country some time before the revolutionary war and settled in Georgia. He served through that war in the patriot army, lived in Greene county afterward, where he accumulated a valuable estate, and died in 1835 or 1836, at a very advanced age. His wife survived him a number of years. To them four children were born: .Nathan, who settled in Florida, where he raised a large family; Absalom, the subject of

544

MEMOIRS OP GEORGIA.

this sketch: Elizabeth, wife of Archibald Odum, a revolutionary soldier, who died
at the age of eighty-four years, at the home of George S. Jackson; Susie, who died unmarried. Absalom Jackson when a boy accompanied the family to Wilkinson county, Ga., where after attaining his majority he married Miss Elizabeth Sntylis of Jefferson county, Ga. They remained in Wilkinson county until 1841, when
they removed to that part of Baker now included in Dougherty county, and settled at Blue Springs, near Albany. His intention was to build a saw and grist mill, but abandoning the enterprise, he returned a year atfenvard to Wilkinson county, where, forty-five years of age, he died. He was an "old-line whig," and
a consistent member of the Baptist church. Soon after his death his widow and children returned to Blue Springs, where they lived until 1855, when the family moved to Mitchell county and settled near what is now known as Baconton,
where the mother died in 1880, aged seventy-six years, at the home of George \V. Jackson. She was a strict member of the Baptist church. They were the
parents of six children: Rev. James W., deceased, Methodist minister; Greene S.; John L.. Pike count}-; George W., near Baconton; Jason M., Miller county, and Mary, deceased wife of Joseph Walker, Camilla.

QREENE SMYLIS JACKSON, planter, Baconton, Mitcheil Co., Ga., son of Absalom and Elizabeth (Smylis) Jackson, was born in Wilkinson county,
Dec. 25, 1826. He was raised on the farm and enjoyed good school advantages, including attendance at Cool Springs academy, until he was fifteen years old, when his father moved to Baker (now Dougherty) county, after which his school education was very limited. He remained with his mother--his father having
died when he was in his nineteenth year--until he was twenty-five years old. He then commenced farming for himself, and, in 1862, removed to his present place, four miles east of Baconton, which has been his home ever since. During the latter part of the war he served as a militiaman; and after the surrender he was appointed an agent of the bureau to preserve peace between the whites and the colored people. He was elected justice of the peace some years ago and held the office until 1892. Mr. Jackson was married in 1858 to Miss Virginia Peacock,
daughter of Robert Peacock, a native of North Carolina, who migrated to Georgia. Mr. Peacock was twice married, and was the father of eighteen children. Three of those by the first, and eight by the last marriage are still living, the eldest of whom, Benajah, is nearly ninety years old. Mrs. Jackson was a daughter by the second marriage, the twelfth born to her father, was born in Macon county and raised in Brooks. Nine children have blessed this union: Ella, deceased wife of J. A. Jones, Camilla; W. T.; Thomas; Minnie, wife of Daniels; Robert T., dentist, located in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, South America; Lillie; Flora; Julius; Greene S., Jr. Mr. Jackson is a stanch democrat, and himself and family are members of the Methodist church, of which he was a steward for many years, and has been Sunday school superintendent for fifteen years.

QEORGE W. JACKSON, planter, Baconton, Mitchell Co., Ga., son of Absalom and Elizabeth (Smylis) Jackson, was born in Wilkinson county,
Ga., Jan. 20, 1834. He was but & boy when his father and family moved to near Blue Springs, in what is now Dougherty county, and what education he received
was obtained at the common schools of the country. His father died when he was about ten years old, but the family lived together until 1855, when his mother, with his sister, youngest brother and himself, moved to near what is now Baconton, where his mother bought a tract of 160 jicrcs of land and settled upon it;
where she lived, cared for by the subject of 'this sketch, until her death. Mr.

MITCHEL.L COUNTY SKETCHES.

545

Jackson has gradually added to this original purchase until he has 2,000 acres of choice, eligibly located land, 1,250acres of which have been cleared; nearly all ot which is tinder improved cultivation. Mr. Jackson enlisted early in the war between the states, and was a lieutenant in Dealing's brigade, W. H. F. Lee's division. He served about four years, two of which were on picket duty along the Virginia and Xorth Carolina coast, and participated in the obstinately con tested fights around Petersburg. After the war he returned to his farm, which it has been his pride to improve. He is wide-awake and progressive, and an active and liberal promoter of every movement calculated to advance the material and moral interests of the county. He was county commissioner eight years, which is the only public office he ever held. He is devoted to his home and interesting family, and is particularly anxious that all his children should be well educated. Mr. Jackson married Miss Eulelia Peacock (a sister of the wife of his brother, Greene S--), daughter of Robert Peacock, a wealthy Brooks county planter--a union which has been blessed with eight children--three sons and five daughters; Lula V., wife of W. H. Erimberry, Camilla: Nellie A.; Florence May: George Pierce; Harry X.; Jewell; Irvin Finton, and Lucia. Mr. Jackson is an ardent democrat, a member of the A. O. U. W., and himself and wife and family are ardent members of the Methodist church.

THOMAS PALMER, planter, Camilla, Mitchell Co., son of Daniel and Caro line (Collins) Palmer, was born in Stewart county in 1853, and was a mere
babe when the family moved by wagon, camping by the wayside over night, from Stewart to Mitchell county, where he was raised, and educated--limitedly--in the common .schools of the county. He began life for himself as a merchant in Camilla in 1875-76, and then went to Texas, where he remained a year. Return ing to Camilla he re-entered mercantile life there, but, later moved to Flint in the same county, where he did business one year. He then went to Florida, where he followed merchandising, milling and fruit-growing a number of years. Com ing back to Mitchell county he settled permanently on the "old plantation," where he is now extensively engaged in farming. Partaking of the practical characteristics of the family, and of genial and friendly traits, he has been suc cessful in his various enterprises, and won the respect and esteem of those among whom he has lived. Mr. Palmer married Miss Josie McClain, daughter of Dr. W. R. McClain, a practicing physician of Early county, Ga. She was born and raised, and liberally educated at Damascus, in that county Two children--a son and a daughter--have been born to them: Martin and Mittie C. He is a democrat, and a master Mason, and Mrs. Palmer is a member of the Methodist church.
J B. PALMER, planter, Camilla, Mitchell Co., Ga., son of Daniel and Caroline (Collins) Palmer, was born in Stewart county, Ga., in 1846. His father
was born in Twiggs county, Ga., in 1818, and when quite young was left an orphan, and taken in charge by his grandmother--Billiard. She died before he was fully grown and he went to Stewart county, where he engaged in farming, and was very prosperous. In 1854 he moved with his family to that part of Baker, now included in Mitchell county, settling on Flint river east of Newton, where they resided some years. From there he went to a place below Newton, where he lived until settling his place near Camilla. During the late civil war he enlisted in the Seventh Georgia regiment. Gen. Bennings' brigade, as a pri vate, and saw much active and arduous service. At the battle of Chickamauga he was seriously wounded and was left insensible--probably for dead--on the bat tlefield. Being disabled by the wound he was discharged from further servke.
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MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

Seven children wtre born to him: J. B.; Marthena, Mrs. Baggs; Joseph (deceased); Thomas; Mittie, Mrs. Spence; J. H.; and Mollie (deceased). The mother of these children died in the fall of 1866, and he subsequently married Mrs. Rhoda (nee Adams) Swearingen, and is now, in his old age, enjoying the accumulations of a usefully spent life, at his cosy home in Camilla. J. B. Palmer
\vas raised in what is now Mitchell county, receiving the little education he has at the common schools. During the war he was a member of Capt Wimberly's cavalry company, Hood's command. In 1867 he commenced fanning on his own account, and in 1870 settled on the tract of land two miles north of Camilla on which he now lives. It was in the woods, but he cleared a large portion of it, and has it in a fine state of cultivation. Mr. Palmer was married Jan. 13, 1871, to Miss Mollie E., daughter of A. H. Cox of Mitchell county, by whom he has had three children: Carrie, wife of O. O. Worley; Willie D., and Benjamin F. (deceased!. Mr. Palmer is a democrat, and has served as county commissioner eight years. He is a member of the Baptist church, and his wife is a member of the Methodist church, and no members of the community are held in higher esteem.
I H. SCAIFE, lawyer, ex-judge county court, Camilla, Mitchell Co., Ga., son " of Rev. Jamieson and Melissa (Lovejoy) Scaife, natives, respectively, of South Carolina and Georgia, was born in Seima, Ala., Feb. 5, 1849. His father was born in Union district, S. C., in 1810, and was raised on a plantation not far from Spartanburg. His educational advantages were exceedingly limited, but by devoting all his spare time to study after reaching maturity, he acquired a good education. About this time he came to Georgia and settled in Jasper county, where he married his wife, who was born in the county. Later he was received into the Georgia conference of the M. E. church, in which he remained many years, when his family had become so large his salary was inadequate to their proper support. Withdrawing from the conference he went to Alabama and went on a farm: but at the expiration of a year he returned to Georgia and purchased land in Stewart county, where he farmed extensively, and so profitably that at the close of the civil war he freed fifty negroes--the result of hii accumu lations. After the surrender he moved to Eufaula, Ala., where he engaged in merchandising until 1869; gix-ing his personal attention, however, to the min istry. In 1873 he came to Mitchell county and settled--and died in April, 1875. His wife died in Alabama in 1891 in the eighty-first year of her age. Thirteen children were the fruit of this union, six of whom survive: Mrs. M. A. Doris, Cairo, Ga.; Mrs. Bostwick, and Mrs. J. H. Powell, Camilla; Prof. J. F. and Dr. W. L. Camilla; and J. H., the subject of this sketch. Those deceased are: Mrs. B. Xoble; F. A., killed at Murfreesboro. Tenn.; J. W., and Miss Lou; and three died in infancy. Judge Scaife was raised principally in Stewart county, Ga., where he attended the academy at Lumpkin. While in Eufaula he attended the male academy, of which Rev. W. H. Patterson was principal. Subsequently he attended Cumberland university, Lebanon, Tenn., and after his graduation he read law under Col. W. B. Wilborn. Eufaula. Ala., and was admitted to the bar in 1875. He returned to Camilla soon afterward, where he has since been engaged in the practice of his profession, securing by his ability an influential and remunerative clientage. In 1884 he was appointed judge of the county court, but resigned in 1886 on account of impaired health, and went to Florida, where he remained until the following year. In 1892 he was elected to represent the Eighth senatorial district in the general asesmbly. Ardent and active he has always been prominent in politics: his opinions are convictions: he is outspoken in his expression of them, and is very influential with his party. Jdse Scaife married Mrs. Emmons,

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widow of Dr. Emmons. She was born in Louisiana, but was raised in Kentucky and Cincinnati, Ohio. When grown to young womanhood her parents moved to Denison, Texas, where she married Dr. Emmons. He came from Texas to Georgia and located in Camilla, where he died. Judge Scaife is a master Mason, and Mrs. Scaife is an active and earnest Christian and an ardent mission worker. Their home, in its surroundings, and its religious and social attractions, is one of the most delightful and charming in the county.

WILLIAM N. SPENCE, solicitor-general Albany circuit, Camilla, Mitchell Co., Ga., son of William and Susan (Hilliard) Spence, was born in Stewart coucty,
Ga., Feb. 25, 1851. The family in this country descended from two brothers, Joseph and William Spence, who came from England to America among the
earliest colonists, and settled--Joseph in Virginia, and William in North Caro lina. Thorpe Spence, great-grandfather of our subject, was born in Virginia, and when a young man came to Georgia and settled in Burke county, where he
married Miss Charity Smith, an orphan girl raised by a Mr. William Hinds. He died in middle age leaving five sons: Bluford, Greene, Littleton, Eastern,
and Joseph, all deceased. His widow afterward married a Mr. Miller, by whom
she had two sons: George and Levi, both now living in Alabama. Mr. Spence's grandfather, Bluford Spence, was raised in Burke county, where he married Miss Polly Fann, who died after bearing one child--Susan, now deceased--who mar ried James Adams. For his second wife he married Miss Elizabeth Fitzgerald,
also of Burke county. Subsequently he moved to Pulaski county, and thence-- about 1830--to Stewart county, and settled on a farm on the Chattahoochee river,
where he died about 1836. He served with an Alabama command in the Florida
war. He left his widow and seven children, of whom three--Joseph T., Greene, and Sarah, wife of J. A. Collins, are now living; and four--Ann, Mrs. Metcalf; Mary, Mrs. Walker; Martha, Mrs. Thompson; and William, our subject's father,
are dead. His widow married James Hilliard in Stewart county, who moved the family to Mitchell county and lived there awhile, and then went to Brooks county, where she died, and he married Miss Clara Clark of Florida. William
Spence, the father of our subject, was born in Burke county in 1822, but was raised and educated in Stewart county, where he followed farming, and where, about 1845, he married Miss Susan Hilliard. About 1861 he enlisted in a com pany of state troops--after moving his family to Mitchell county--and was in
the service in Tennessee with Gen. Johnston's army, participating in very many engagements of more or less importance, and in the fights around Atlanta. After the war he resided a few years in Mitchell county, then removed to Brooks
county; but in a short time he moved back to Mitchell county. Subsequently he moved to Houston county, where he died in 1885, aged sixty-three years, having for the greater part of his life been a consistent member of the Baptist church. He was twice married. By his first wife he had nine children, five of
whom are living: William N, the subject of this sketch; Mary C., wife of Mr. Perry, postmaster at Camilla; Irene E., wife of Rev. William B. Bennet, Quitman, Ga., county judge of Brooks county; Carswell, Hawkinsville, Pulaski Co.; and Susan, wife of R. Tip Ragan, Hawkinsville. The following four are dead:
Andrew J., James Hilliard, Celia Ellen, and Bluford. The mother of these died in Stewart county, 1863, and the father afterward married Miss Nancy Hallibur
ton, who survives him and makes her home with Mr. W. N. Spence, in Camilla. Mr. Spence lived in Stewart county until he was twelve years of age, when his father moved to Mitchell county, and after remaining three years moved to Brooks county, he attending the schools in the several counties. He
afterward attended the university of Kentucky, at Lexington, and then returning

MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.
home took a law course in Macon, Ga., graduating in 1876, and locating in Camilla, which has since been his home. The people called him to the'mayoralty in 1877-78, and in 1880 elected him to represent the county in the general assem bly--re-electing him in 1882. In 1884 he was elected solicitor-general of Albany circuit, and has been continuously re-elected since--a sufficient evidence of the efficiency and fidelity of his service. In addition he is quite extensively engaged in farming, and ranks high in his county and section socially and politically. Mr. Spence married Miss Anne R. Curry, born in Virginia, but reared in Baker county, Ga., daughter of Rev. W. L. Curry, a Missionary Baptist minister, for merly of South Carolina. Five children have blessed this union: Susie, Emily Toy, Henry Turner, William, and Julia, who died when three years old. Himself and wife are prominent and influential members of the Missionary Baptist church.
REV. JOHN L. UNDERWOOD, judge county court, Camilla, Mitchell Co., Ga., son of Launcelot V. and Martha Cobb (nee Thomas) Underwood, was
born near Sumterville, Sumter Co., Ala., March 27, 1836. On his father's side he is of English ancestry, his grandfather, Levi Underwood, being descended from one of three brothers who came from England to the colonies before the revolu tionary war and settled in Virginia and North Carolina. He was born in Nash county, X. C., where he farmed and married and had children born to him. In 1824 he moved to Rutherford county, Tenn., and died at an advanced age near Murfreesboro. He married a Miss Due, who, through her father and the Viverettes, was of French blood, by whom he had several sons and daughters, all of whom are now dead. Judge Underwood's father was born in Nash county, N. C, in 1808, where he was raised and schooled until he was sixteen years old, when his father moved to Tennessee, where he grew to manhood. About this time he left Tennessee and went to Sumter county, Ala., and engaged as a clerk at the old Choctaw Indian agency, called the Factor)', on Tombigbee river. The trade was principally with Indians. He was very successful as a merchant and planter, founded the town of Sumterville, and was rapidly accumulating a fortune when the panic of 1837 swept over the country and ruined him. But, nothing daunted, he went to work, resumed business, and by hard work, careful management and judicious investments again acquired a competency. He was a man of great energy and fine business capacity, coupled with unusual sagacity. Possessed of a very retentive memory; he kept well posted as to current events and prominent men, and became a leading man in the county. While never a candidate for civil office, he took a great interest in politics and was always an ardent whig. When the war between the states began he was in easy circumstances, and saved enough from the general wreck to buy a plantation when it was over--on which he died in 1873. He was a very strict member of the Presbyterian church, of which he was an elder. He was twice married, his first wife being Mrs. Martha T. Cobb, widow of John Cobb, and a daughter of F. Gabriel Thomas, a prominent and influential citizen of Hancuck county, Ga., and afterward of Rupell county, Ala. She died at the age of forty-nine years, leaving four children by Mr. Cobb and one by Col. Underwood. His second wife was Miss Ruth C. Harwell, formerly of Pittsburg, Pa., by whom he had two children, a son and a daughter, both of whom are dead. Judge Underwood was raised in Alabama, where he enjoyed the best educational advantages afforded by the schools and academies of the county. A part of his boyhood was passed in a school in Mississippi, and in 1853 he entered Oglethorpe university and was graduated in 1855 w'th first honors. On his return home he was placed in charge of Newborn academy, in Greene county, where he had been prepared for college,-' retaining his position until 1857.

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That year he entered the Theological seminary at Columbia, S. C, then presided
over by Dr. Thornwell, one of the profoundest and most distinguished divines of the south. After completing his studies at the seminary he went to Europe, where he spent the greater part of two years at the university of Heidelberg, Germany, and at the Sorbonne, Paris. While attending lectures at Sorbonne the war be tween the states was precipitated and he returned home in 1861 to shoulder his musket as a matter of principle for the constitutional rights of the southern states, and enlisted as a private in the Twentieth Alabama regiment, Col. I. W. Garrett, then stationed at Mobile. With his command he participated in Kirby Smith's Kentucky campaign and in the memorable engagements at Baker's Creek and the siege of Vicksburg. Soon after reaching Vicksburg from Tennessee, in com
pliance with the urgent request of the officers and privates of the Thirtieth Ala bama regiment (Col. Shelley), he was made chaplain of that regiment. In the fall of 1863, he was compelled to retire from the service and came home on account of failing health. Later he volunteered under Gen. Wright and did active service in front of Gen. Sherman when he was marching through Georgia. In 1865 he made his home in South Georgia for the sake of its balmy climate. Judge Under wood founded the Camilla "Clarion," of which he was sole proprietor and editor, and conducted it with marked ability for eight years. He was foremost and
ardent in the support of all movements calculated to promote the interest of his county and section, conspicuously prominent in support of the state railroad com mission and tariff reform, vigorous and persistent in opposition to the populist
(third) party movement, in advocacy of the local option prohibition policy, and favored the education and general advancement of the negro. Judge Underwood on his return from Europe was married to Miss Amy, daughter of Joel Curry, of Edgefield istrict, S. C., by whom he has had thirteen children--eight daugh ters: Mattie, Mrs. W. C. Twitty; Holly, Mrs. W. C. Harris, Albany, Ga.; Amy,
Mrs. R. E. Brown, Barnesville, deceased; Berne, Ida, Bruce, Dona and Eugenia, and five sons: John L., William C., Robert M., Edwin and Joel. His daughters have a superior musical education, and Miss Bruce has a wide reputation as a pianist, and is the organist at the Baptist church in Albany. The judge and his wife have taken great pains to give their children the best possible education,
mostly at home, and himself and family are exemplary members of the Baptist church. Judge Underwood professed religion in 1846, while at Black Hawk, Miss., and was baptized the following year, and received into the fellowship of the church by Rev. J. K. Clinton. In 1857 he was licensed to preach, since "which time he has devoted the greater part of his time to the ministry. After the war he settled in Decatur county and accepted the pastorate of the churches at Bain-
bridge, Milford and Red Bluff. During the years 1867-68-69 he was pastor of the Baptist .church at Cuthbert, Ga., and then returned to his farm in Decatur county. In 1871. he was employed by the foreign mission board to travel four months in Texas. On his return he served the churches around him, or labored as an evan gelist, until he accepted calls in 1872 to serve the churches at Camilla, Evergreen and Mt. Enon. He is now located on a farm about one mile south of Camilla, where he has a delightful home, is surrounded by his interesting family and hosts of adnltting and appreciative friends, and dispenses a generous Christian hos pitality.- .He is universally beloved, and is considered one of the ablest men in Mitchell county. In 1891 he was appointed judge of the county court of Mitchell county, an office he still holds and honors. He has been offered professorships
in colleges and church work in higher latitudes, but has persistently clung to the piney woods, in a new section where he felt that he was needed. Naturally there was little pay, and he has always been too independent to ask for financial help

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MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

from the mission boards. He feels it a privilege to support his own family, and to "make tents" by any honorable manual or brain work. However busy during the week, he is always found on Sunday preaching either to country or village churches, or to the poor and the negroes. Few men have ever had a stronger hold on the best class of colored people. His only eccentricity has been that as a minister he has avoided the public gaze and is contented to storm "forlorn
hopes."

MONROE COUNTY.
I T. CASTLEBERRY, merchant, Cabaniss, Monroe Co., Ga., is a son of " Jephtha and Susanna F. (Bass) Castleberry, and was born in Monroe count}-,
April 24, 1845. His father was born in Warren county, Ga., and went to Mon roe county about the time he reached his majority. He married soon afterward and engaged in farming, which he continued in Monroe county until 1856, when he removed to the vicinity of Indian Springs, in Butts county, where he died April 27, 1866. His wife survived him about twenty years, dying July 30, 1887. Of ten children there are now living: Mrs. Mary A. Tingle, Mrs. Martha E. Rob erts, Jeptha T., Mrs. Susannah F. Scarborough, William P., John P., Theresa M. and Mrs. Carrie O. Scarborough. As the civil war was precipitated about the time Mr. Castleberry reached the age when the blood runs hottest and the im pulses are strongest, he hastened to volunteer as a member of Company A, Thir tieth Georgia regiment, and did his duty as a private in the western army. He participated in the battles about Jackson, Miss., at Chickamauga and Missionary Ridge, and was with Gen. Johnston as he retired before Gen. Sherman. In the memorable and bloody battle of July 22, 1864, his brother was mortally wounded, from which he died at La Grange on July 28, and he was himself severely wounded in the right leg below the knee and left on the field of battle. He was taken prisoner and kept within the enemy's lines, most of the time at Chattanooga, until the surrender. Mr. Castleberry is the merchant at Cabaniss, a prosperous com munity in the northeastern portion of Monroe county, where he has been doing business since the war. His fine business ability and his great popularity in that section has attracted to him the large trade he enjoys. He is also conducting a quite large planting interest and operating three public ginneries at different points. Mr. Castleberry began his business life in 1868 as a clerk for Steele & Watson. In 1871 he bought an interest in the business, the firm then being Steele, Watson & Castleberry. In 1873 Steele & Castleberry bought out Mr. Watson, and in 1874 he (Mr. Castleberry) bought out his partner, and for the last twenty years has been sole proprietor. He carries a $2,000 stock of merchandise and plantation supplies and does a nearly cash business. Mr. Castleberry was married in Butts county. Xov. 28, 1872, to Miss Maggie L., daughter of Richard W. Willis, a pioneer and substantial citizen of Butts county. They have had but one child, James E., nineteen years of age and a law student at Forsyth. Mr. Cas tleberry is an ardent democrat and a Missionary Baptist, and a reliable working member in each cause.
\X/ILLIAM H. CASTLIX, planter, Culloden. Monroe Co.. Ga., son of John and Eliza (Goodin) Castlin, was born near Taylorsville, Hanover Co., Va.. Jan.
27. 1827. His grandfather. John Castlin. was a native of Wales, and came to

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33

America and settled in Virginia before the revolutionary war, he being a soldier in the patriot army. He had two sons, Andrew and John. Andrew died, and John, after his marriage, came with his family to Georgia and settled on the Flint river in Upson county. In 1845 he moved to Monroe county and settled where William, the subject of this sketch, now resides. In 1856 he removed to Macon, Ga., where he died in January, 1861, aged seventy-three years. He started a very poor boy, but was a model farmer and manager, and left a quite large estate. He reared a family of ten children: John, Gold Hill, Ala.; Sarah, widow of a Mr. Coffin, Thomaston, Ga.; W. H., the subject of this sketch; Fleming, physician, deceased; Ann, wife of Peyton L. Cocke, Bolingbroke, Ga.; Edwin, White Bluff, Chatham Co., Ga.; Bradford, Thomaston, Ga.; Marcellus, merchant, Thomaston, Ga.; Catharine, wife of Addison P. Cherry, South Mills, Camden Co., X. C.; Caro line, wife of John S. Timberlake. His wife died June 10, 1887, aged eighty-seven. Mr. Castlin was reared, and has continued to be a planter. In 1862 he enlisted as a private in Company D, Thirteenth Georgia regiment, and went to Savannah with the regiment. His health failing he returned home, and went into a regiment of state troops. He was again discharged on the ground of disability. About 1852 he removed from Monroe to Upson county, where he lived some years, then returned to near Culloden. After a brief stay he went to his Upson plantation again, where he remained until 1870, when he moved back to his present location. Mr. Castlin was married on the line of Monroe and Crawford counties, Dec. 13, 1852, to Miss Mary A., daughter of Irvin H. Woodward. She was of an old and prominent family, and had two brothers of great influence, and who were hightoned, honorable gentlemen. To Mr. and Mrs. Castlin ten children have been born: Irvin H., drummer for Tidwell & Pope, Atlanta: Willie, wife of Charles Gray, Fort Valley, Ga.; John H., deceased; Eugene, deceased; Woodward, at
home; Sallie M., deceased; Clifford and William, both at home. In the suburbs of the far-famed old school town, Culloden, in an old-time southern mansion, Mr. Castlin is spending his declining years on a plantation of 1,600 acres. He has
another in Upson county of 300 acres. He is a democrat and a master Mason. He is a member of the Methodist church.

WILLIAM P. CLEMEXTS, merchant and postmaster, Brent, Monroe Co., Ga., son of Wesley and Jane (Smith) Clements, was born in Muscogee county,
Ga., March 19, 1855. His grandfather, Davis Smith, one of the earliest settlers of the county, was the son of Dixon and Elizabeth Smith, and was born in Washing
ton county, Ga., in 1793. Early in life he engaged in merchandising in Dublin, Laurens Co., in which he was very successful. During this period Mr. Smith married Mrs. Elizabeth Jordan, and, in 1820, moved to Forsyth. Soon afterward he acquired possession of the 4OO-acre tract of land on which William P. Clements now lives, between five and six miles southwest of Forsvth. In 1825 he moved and settled upon it, and established a planting and mercantile interest which laid the foundation of a fortune. He carried on his business, and was a central figure in the community for a lifetime. He became one of the largest land and slave owners in that locality, and attained to a strong and wide influence. At one time he owned 2,000 acres of land, and when emancipation was proclaimed had some hundred slaves. He was elected colonel of militia, then regarded a distinction, and being a strong whig partisan and politician was elected several times to represent the county in the general assembly. He was a Missionary Baptist, and began early in his Christian life to speak in public, and for the greater part of his lifetime was a local preacher of that denomination. Col. Smith died in 1867, and his wife in 1868. They reared nine children: Miranda, widow of Orlando Holland, Monroe county; Mary, deceased; T. T., retired merchant, living at the old home-

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MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

stead; Davis, Habersham count}-, Ga; Elizabeth and John D., both deceased; James, Macon, Ga.; Judson, killed in the last battle of the war, at West Point, Ga.; Jane, married to Wesley Clements, who was killed while in the Confederate service. By Wesley Clements she had three children: William P., the subject of this sketch; Thomas, in railway service, Athens, Ga., and Lizzie, wife of J. E. Chambliss, Ma-
con, Ga. After the war Mrs. Clements married Thomas Y. Brent, formerly of Louisville, Ky., but now a merchant, Macon, Ga. By this last marriage she has had two children: Taylor Y., planter, Monroe county, and J. I., merchant, Macon, Ga. William P. Clements was reared on a farm, in the community of which he is
now a member. At the age of nineteen he embarked in the mercantile busi ness, for which he has shown such remarkable aptitude, and in which he has been so successful. Besides the store he has large planting interests. Through his instrumentality the postoffice of Brent was established, of which he was made postmaster. The firm is Brent & Clements, and carries a stock of $3,000, but Mr. Clements has the sole control and responsibility. The management of these three interests--plantation, store and postoffice--requires good business capacity, energy, close attention and up-to-date information, and all those Mr. Clements gives and displays. He evidently inherits the superior business sagacity and judicious enter prise of his grandfather Davis, combined with hustling activity, else he would prove unequal to his work. Politically Mr. Clements has always been devoted to the democracy, and feels that he is yet, so far as Jeffersonian principles are concerned. He ardently favors the reform embodied in the platform of the people's party, and is giving his influence to its success. Mr. Clements was married Oct. 28, 1885, to Miss Sallie, daughter of Mrs. Julia D. Thweatt, of Forsvth. She was born in Columbus, and by her name will be recognized as a member of an old and very prominent family. Four children have been born to them: John Brent, deceased; Julia Thweatt. Jennie Brent, and Marie Keto. Mr. Clements and his wife are active, enthusiastic Methodists: and he takes great interest in all church work, especially the Sunday school, of which he has been superintendent four years.

C. CORLEV, planter, Forsyth. Monroe Co., Ga., son of Austin W. and * Margaret X. (Matthews) Corley, was born in Troup county, Ga., Oct. 24, 1838. His grandfather, Austin Y. Corley, of Irish descent, was born in South Carolina in 1745, and was a soldier in the revolutionary war. By his uprightness and thriftiness he attained to considerable influence, and was repeatedly elected a member of the legislature. Later in life he removed from South Carolina to Troup county. Ga.. and thence, after some years, to Meriwether county, where he died in 1850 at the advanced age of 105 years. His wife, also very old, died about the same time. Both were devout, consistent members of the Missionary Baptist church. His father was born, reared and married in Richland district, S. C., and the next fall after his marriage he removed in wagons to Troup county, Ga., and settled. The Indians were still there, and he helped to move them. He was absent thirty-six days, during which time his wife and child were entirely alone. His parents lived in Troup county about twenty years, and then moved to Meriwether county, where they lived until after the \var. when they removed to Dougherty county, Ga., where his father died in 1868 and his mother in 1872. Although his father began life quite poor, he succeeded by his industry and frugality and good management in accumulating a comfortable fortune. He was a democrat and a warm partisan; himself and wife were active and prominent Missionary Baptists, and did much toward upbuilding and advancing the denomination wherever they lived. They reared seven children: J. E.. planter. Baker county. Ga.; Martha E., deceased; W. C.. the subject of this sketch: S. M.. single lady, ait home; Robert B., deceased; Simeon 1'.. deceased: Austin Y.. enlisted in Confederate army, and was killed in

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csi

battle of Perrysville, Ky. Mr. Corley was reared partly in Troup and partly in Meriwether counties. When eighteen years old he went to Cuthbert, Ga., and became one of the firm of John R. Hull & Co., wholesale grocers. Several years afterward he went to Dougherty county and engaged in planting in that and in Calhoun county. The war between the states occurred while he was in business in Cuthbert, and he enlisted in the Randolph Light guards, was made second ser geant, and while stationed at Pensacola participated in the Santa Rosa fight His command did guard duty about Savannah for a time, was in the conflicts of Chickamauga and Missionary Ridge, was in the Georgia campaign, and finally sur rendered at Bentonville, N. C. In 1877 he went to Monroe county, where, Oct. 24, he was married to Miss Ellen S., daughter of Thomas and Sena Dewberry. This family was among the pioneers of the county, having settled in it in 1825, moving from Warren county. He was a wealthy planter before the war, worth probably $300,000, largely in several valuable tracts of land. Their children were: Madison, deceased; Thomas, Jr., deceased; William F., planter, Monroe county; Martha, deceased; Mary, widow, in Alabama; Sarah F., deceased; Jane, deceased; Amanda, deceased; Ellen S., deceased; Moses J., Monroe county; Berry W., Monroe county. Capt Corley's wife died childless, Feb. 25, 1894. Her demise was sudden and unexpected, occasioned bv internal hemorrhage. She was reputed to have been one of the most beautiful ladies in the county, which was emphasized by a very delicate organization bordering on the ethereal. His delightful home is
about six miles south of Forsyth, and contains 700 acress; and he has another tract of 800 acres near by. In addition he has 330 acres within half a mile of the city limits of Columbus, Ga. He is a great lover of fine stock, and is perfecting arrangements to establish a stock farm on the property near Columbus. Capt. Corley is a democrat in politics, and a Missionary Baptist. He is also a master Mason.

Q W. HEAD, planter and merchant, High Falls, Monroe Co., Ga., son of Dr. J. D. and Nancy H. (Underwood) Head, was born in Monroe county, Dec.
18, 1847. Mr. Head's great-grandfather emigrated from England to Georgia before the revolutionary war, during which 1 he served in the patriot army. On one occasion a band of tories visited his home and drove off all the stock. The old patriot visited his home soon after, and being told of the raid went to the tories and at the point of a pistol made them return the spoils. William Head, his grandfather, raised his family in Clarke count}-, Ga. Mr. Head's father was a physician of no inconsiderable prominence, and married his wife in Putnam county. They raised a family of five children: Thomas J., planter, near Griffin, Ga., and a Primitive Baptist preacher; Savannah E., widow of Dr. L. J. Dupree, Milner, Ga.; G. W., the subject of this sketch; Hattie H., single; Emily E., wife of R. F. Strickland, Griffin, Ga. His father died in 1882. atid his mother in 1888. When he was six years old Mr. Head's family moved to Butts county, where he was raised and educated. Not being old enough to enter the regular service
during the war, he joined a cavalry troop of Georgia reserves, and was principally with the scouting forces, where his experience oftentimes was very exciting, to say the least of it. On one occasion, when ont on a scout, he fell in with the Texas brigade that surrounded the Union Gen. Kilpatrick, and was present when he broke through. He was about Atlanta on the same duty when Gen. Sherman held the city, and would often run into his scouts. He took the measles a little later, and was at home at the time of the surrender. After the war Mr. Head spent four years in the west, from Texas to California and Mexico, in stock business and mining, and one year in Pike county. He then returned to Butts cotintv and engaged in farming with the most satisfactory results. He started

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with very small means, but prospered beyond his most sanguine expectations. He has added merchandising to his planting interest, and is one of the largest land-owners in Monroe county, owning 2,200 acres, and occupying a spacious brick dwelling near High Falls. The immediate surroundings are wildly beauti ful and romantic in the extreme--few localities in Georgia, surpass this locality in this respect. The name "High Falls" is derived from falls on the Towaliga river near by, the scenery presented to view being thus described in W. C. Richards' Georgia Illustrated, published half a century ago: "So fine is.the view afforded from many different points that it is difficult to decide which is the most attractive; and passing from rock to rock the beholder is ever delighted with new features. This variety is the greatest charm of the scene. The river above the falls is about 300 feet wide, flowing swiftly over a rocky shoal. At its first descent it is divided by a ledge of rock, and forms two precipitous falls for a distance of fifty feet." The Towaliga is a stream of large volume and constant flow, and at this point has a fall of 100 feet within one-fourth of a mile. Great as the water-power is there is but one small grist-mill on it. Mr. Head was married in Monroe county, March 14, 1875, to Miss Carrie, daughter of J. G. and Eliza (Stewart) Phinazee, who has borne him nine children: Lucy, Hattie, James P., Robert T., Nancy E., George D., Carrie, Philip and Benjamin. For many years Air. Head has been afflicted with rheumatism, and has to use an invalid wheel chair. Notwithstanding his affliction he is genial, jovial and hospitable, and, hence, very companionable. He is an ardent populist, and a master Mason, member of Patillo lodge No. 360.

D C. M'GOUGH, planter and member of general assembly of Georgia for Monroe county, 1894-95, son of Bob G. and Sandal (Cabaniss) McGough,
was born Sept 24, 1831. The McGoughs are of Scotch-Irish blood, whose ances tors were colonized in the north of Ireland during the protectorate of Oliver Cromwell. About 1760, Matilda Carson McGough, a widow with five or six children, in company with other emigrants, relatives and neighbors, settled in North Carolina. John McGough, the grandfather of the subject of this sketch, though still a minor, enlisted in the patriot army under Col. William Washington and participated in the battles of Brandywine, Eutaw Springs and Saratoga, where he saw the proud Burgoyne surrender to Gen. Gates. He was twice wounded, once on the head by a saber in the hands of a British officer, and once by a gunshot. Soon after the revolution he was married to Margaret Mill and settled in Edgefield district, S. C., from which place he moved to White Plains, Greene county, Ga., where he died in 1847, at the ripe age of eighty-six. Mr. McGough's maternal grandfather. George Cabaniss, was of a French Huguenot family, which settled in Maryland or Virginia early in the last century. About the beginning of this century he, G. C., came to Georgia, settled for awhile in China Grove in Oglethorpe county, from whence he moved to Jones county, where he farmed, merchandised and traded with the Indians from across the Ocmulgee river. Robert McGough, father of R. C., was born in Edgefield district, S. C, March 28, 1/86, and was soon after brought by his father to White Plains, Ga.. where he grew to manhood. In early life he settled in Jones county, where in 1810, he was married to Miss Sandal Cabaniss. To them were born ten children, six boys and four girls: John, merchant, Columbus, Ga., accumulated quite a fortune in ante-bellum days, now deceased: Matthew O., was never mar ried, deceased: Sarah B.. married to Jacob A. Clements. Buena Vista, Ga.; Matilda died unmarried: Elizabeth, wife of Ezekiel Hollis of Brundidge, Ala., deceased: William T.. mortally wounded at the battle of New Hope Church, died in Atlanta, July. 1864: George L.. merchant. Columbus, Ga., deceased; Mary A.,

MONROE COUNTY SKETCHKS.
deceased, married to Robert Minten, Buena Vista, Ga.; Robert C, farmer, Marion county, Ga.; C. C., entered First Georgia regiment, 1861, and after his time of enlistment expired joined the Forty-fifth Georgia, was made first lieutenant for gallantry on the field of battle, in 1862, and was killed leading a forlorn hope at Gettysburg, July 3, 1863. Robert McGough was a soldier in the war of 1812, and for his services drew a pension. He moved from Jones county, where he was married, to Monroe in 1823, clearing out a road through the primeval forest to his new home on Little Tobesofkee creek, where he opened a good plantation, reared and educated his children, and spent the remainder of his life. He was what is termed a good liver and accumulated a handsome property. Though he never connected himself with any church and did not believe in any creed except that of right conduct, he was always partial to the faith of his mother, who was a devout Presbyterian. He died without recantation, March 10, 1882, aged ninety-six years, lacking eighteen days. R. C. McGough received a preparatory education in the schools of the state in 1852, graduated in 1855, taught school the next year at Brownwood academy, La Grange, then a flourishing institution under the management of Hooten & Cox, and the next two years at Russellville, Ga. He studied law under the Hon. Cincinnatus Peeples and was admitted to the bar in 1860; but war coming on immediately, he was engaged in the service of the Confederacy either as soldier, enrolling officer or tax assessor during its whole continuance, and after its close retired to his farm. He served as postmaster under President Cleveland's first administration, but resigned in favor of the present incumbent before the expiration of his term. Mr. McGough was married Jan. 10, 1860, to Maggie Hollis, daughter of one of the most successful farmers and earliest pioneers of Monroe county. His wife died April 9, 1871. To them were born five children: Thomas H., now a merchant at Leavenworth, Wash; Maud, Nelly and Robert at home; and May, wife of Dr. F. L. Cato, De Soto, Ga. Robert was graduated with the degree of A. B. at the Georgia university in 1890. Mr. McGough, after the death of his consort, devoted himself to the rearing and education of his children, endeavoring to supply the place of both father and mother. He has a good library and devotes much of his time reading and tries to keep in full accord with the progress of the age. He has an interesting family and kind and appreciative neighbors. He is a rationalist, believing that faith should be subordinate to reason. He is a true democrat, who thinks as long as reason is unfettered, humanity will advance; that all repressive laws that cannot be enforced are mischievous, the parent of crime, and the greatest government is the greatest individual liberty consistent with the rights of all others.
P M. MOORE, planter, Forsyth, Monroe Co., Ga., son of John and Xancy (Curry) Moore, was born in Monroe county, June 15, 1827. His grand
father, Elijah Moore, migrated from Maryland to Georgia in the latter part of the last century, and settled in Baldwin county, where he died. His father was born in Maryland in January, 1792, came to Baldwin county with his father, where he grew to manhood; was married in Hancock county in 1813 to Miss Xancy Curry (of Irish descent), who was born and raised there. Ten children were born to them, of which eight were raised to maturity: James C., deceased; Narcissus, widow of David Davis, Stewart county, Ga.: Mary, widow of D. M. Davison, Pike county, Ala.; E. R., planter, Bossier Parish, La.; B. F., deceased; E. M., the subject of this sketch; Jemima, deceased wife of Robert McGinty: John C., enlisted in Confederate service, 1862, and was killed in the battle of Fredericksbttrg. Mr. Moore's parents lived in Baldwin county until 1826. when they removed to Monroe county and settled eight miles south of Forsyth, where

Lj

556

MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

they lived until their death--that of the father occurring in 1870, and that o the mother in 1871. Both were members of the Primitive Baptist church. Mr. Moore was of a quiet and retiring disposition, caring nothing for politics except
voting for his democratic friends; had no use for courts, and was so good a manager as to accumulate a handsome estate. He is reputed to have seen some service in the war of 1812. E. M. Moore, the subject of this sketch, has passed his life in Monroe, at the homestead where he was born, and lived the life of a farmer. In November, 1855, he was married to Miss Ann, daughter of Duncan and Mary (Holmes) McCowen, Monroe county, by whom he has had ten children: Dodie, wife of J. R. Worsham, Monroe county; John T., cotton factor, Macon, Ga.,; B. M., planter, Monroe county; James M., at home; Lelia, at home; Annie, deceased wife of J. A. Smith, Houston county, Ga.; Alice, wife of D. M. Owen, Athens, Tenn.; Gussie, at home. During the war he was in the state militia, for home defense, and was detailed to help on the farm. Mr. Moore has a fine i,25o-acre plantation--reduced to that by giving off tracts from time to time to his children. He is a quiet, sociable and sensible country gentleman, looks care fully after his farm interest, and is companionable around his own hearthstone. His stock is sleek, his barns and corn cribs are never empty--"he lives at home:' He is a democrat and a Primitive Baptist.
WILLIAM A. NORWOOD, planter, Culloden, Monroe Co., Ga., a son of Caleb M. and Jane (Manson) Norwood, was born in Charlotte, X. C., Dec.
3, 1819. His father was of English and his mother of Scotch parentage; and both were born in Tennessee. After their marriage the young couple moved to North Carolina, but after living there eight years went back to Tennessee. In 1824 they moved to Georgia and settled in Talbot count}', where they lived and thrived, until 1837, when they moved to Culloden, in Monroe county. They lived there until they died--his father in 1854, and his mother Oct. 26, 1878. Mr. Norwood's father was a planter, but he operated a tannery and a shoe factory in addition, and was very successful in all. He was a man of great energy, enter prising and thrifty. He was one of the trustees of the school. This couple raised six children, all yet living; all have done well; one or more distinguished: Mary A., widow of Philip J. W. Echols, Columbus, Neb. ; Rebecca J., widow of James Alston, near Eufaula. Ala. ; William A., the subject of this sketch ; Oscar A., law yer. Xavasota. Texas; Elizabeth, widow of William Askins (with son-in-law, Rob ert O. Banks), Forsyth, Ga. ; Thomas M., lawyer, Savannah, Ga., ex-United States representative and senator. Mr. Norwood was a democrat, and a member of the Methodist church. After the death of his father, Mr. Norwood continued his enterprise until the war, when, the hands going into the war, he abandoned all except farming--a pursuit he has since very profitably followed. April 15, 1852, Mr. Norwood was married to Samantha E., daughter of William Askins--born near Culloden, Sept. 17, 1833. To them eight children have been born: Anna M., wife of James M. Ponder, Atlanta; Jane M., deceased, wife of John Colbert; Amelia, wife of O. Winn, Dallas, Tex.; Evelyn, wife of W. W. Griffin, Atlanta; Caleb M., and three others. Mr. Norwood is enjoying life on his fine i,ioo-acre plantation, near the old school town so famous in Monroe's history as an educational center, where many of Georgia's distinguished men were academically educated. Mr. Norwood is a democrat, a royal arch Mason, and a Methodist.

H. PARKER, planter, Strouds, Monroe Co., Ga.. son of Christopher and " Sallie (Stroud) Parker, was born in Monroe county, March 29, 1832. The family is of Irish origin, and settled in North Carolina some years before the revolutionary war. in which Mr. Parker's grandfather, John Parker, was a soldier.

MONROE CCUNTY SKETCHES.

557

He removed from North Carolina to Georgia and settled in Putnam county late in the last century, and after several years' residence there moved, about 1803, to Monroe county, where the family has since made its home. Of a family of six children, none are Hying. Mr. Barker's parents were born (his father about 1806) in Monroe county, where they were also married. To them twelve children were born: W. H., the subject of this sketch; Seaton, deceased; Frances, wife of Joseph Dennis, Ark.; Sarah, wife of James Rodney, Roanoke, Ala.; L. B., deceased;
Mary, deceased wife of Fletcher Owens, Pike county, Ala.; Amanda, widow of a Mr. Fambro, Atlanta; Levi, enlisted in the Confederate army and killed in Pickett's famous charge at Gettysburg; John, deceased; Christopher, Ar kansas; Owen, Arkansas, and Sallie, deceased; an unnamed infant, which caused the death of the mother in 1859. Mr. Parker's father was a man of great energy, very prominent and popular. He was a democrat, but such was his popularity that in the forties he overcame a whig majority of 200, and was elected to repre sent the county in the general assembly. He was a "war" democrat, and though exempt by age from military duty, he enlisted and served through the war, becoming the adjutant of his regiment. He was a master Mason and a member of the Primitive Baptist church. He died June 3, 1893. ^ rParker was reared and educated in Monroe county, where he has made a lifebusiness and a very successful one, of farming. He was married in Monroe county to Miss Nancy, daughter of Eleazor and Mary Adams, Nov. n, 1853, by whom he has had two children, one an unnamed infant, and Eunice, wife of E.
C. Elder, Barnesville, Pike Co., who is the mother of five children: William, George, Samuel, Eunice and John. On a splendid i,ooo-acre plantation, eleven miles south of Forsyth, 500 acres in cultivation, producing 150 bales of cotton, Mr. and Mrs. Parker are spending their declining years. He lived after the war a few years in Barnesville, but superintended his plantation. He is a very positive man, prominent in county affairs, a royal arch Mason and himself and wife are members of the Missionary Baptist church.

QAPT. A. L. PERKINS, planter and capitalist, Bolingbroke, Monroe Co., Ga., son of Alexander and Selete (Jernigan) Perkins, was born in Monroe county,
Jan. 25, 1827. The family is of Scotch-Welsh origin, and have been in the main agriculturists. Capt. Perkins' grandfather, Archibald Perkins, was born in North Carolina, and before he was of age went to Virginia, where he lived during the revolutionary war, engaged as an overseer. There he married a Miss Gibbs, and not long afterward migrated to Georgia and settled in Greene county, where they raised a large family of children, and where they died, the grandfather at the age of ninety-six. As the children settled in life they remained mostly in Georgia. Alexander Perkins, the captain's father, was born in Greene county, Feb. 8, 1795.
During the war of 1812-14 he was in the army on the Indian frontier. He met and married his wife, Miss Jernigan, in Hancock county, Ga. (where she was born and reared), Dec. 26, 1816. A brother of hers, Seaborn Jernigan, is now living at White Plains, Ga. Mr. Perkins lived in Greene county five years, then in Jasper two years, and thence in 1823 removed to Monroe county and settled about eight miles southeast of Forsyth on the road to Dame's ferry. Here they raised a family of eight children: Adeline, who married A. D. Steele, both deceased; Archibald, deceased at twenty-one; Elizabeth, wife of Henry Sharpe, Atlanta; A. L., subject of this sketch; W. H., deceased; Frances, wife of W. C. King, Monroe county; John, enlisted in the Fourteenth Georgia regiment, after serving in several campaigns, died of measles at Alum Springs, Va., and Albert C., Monroe county. Mr. Perkins was a systematic, painstaking and hard-working

558

MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

man, and accumulated considerable property, including land and slaves. He
was also abstemious in his habits; chewed a little tobacco, but never smoked. He was a whig in politics, and a Methodist in religion. His wife died May 17, 1875, aged seventy-five years, and he died March 26, 1892, aged ninety-seven
years. The family is remarkable for longevity, reaching years from eighty to
ninety-seven. Capt. Perkins was married in Monroe county Dec. 20, 1849, to Miss Mary Jane, daughter of Amos and Nancy M. (Head) Ponder. She was born
and raised in the county, her father having come to Monroe in 1824, and settled five miles north of Forsyth. To this happily-mated couple only two children have been born: Josephine Lee, at home, and Mary Lee, wife of S. B. Price, ex-
mayor and present postmaster, Macon, Ga. He is one of the most popular and influential--indeed one of the foremost men in Georgia's "central city." At his large plantation of 3,300 acres at Bolingbroke, managed and cultivated under progressive, up-to-date ideas, his beautiful, modernly arranged home and elab
orately laid-off and beautifully adorned grounds, Capt Perkins is enjoying his
well-earned wealth and dispersing that lavish hospitality so characteristic of the "old-time" southern planter. Capt. Perkins is as public-spirited as he is wealthy, takes great interest in everything calculated to advance the community, and in
political matters--local and Federal. In addition to his extensive farming in terests, Capt Perkins owns stock in the oil mills in Forsyth, in which he is the largest stockholder. He is a democrat and a Mason of forty years' standing.

QAPT. D. S. REDDING, planter, Juliette, Monroe Co., Ga., son of Thomas and Maria (Searcy) Redding, was born in Monroe county, July 5, 1832. The
Redding family is of Irish descent and members of it came from Ireland to Ameri ca about the middle of the last century. The grandfather of Capt. Redding, Anderson Redding, was a soldier in the patriot army during the revolutionary war,
and \vas present at the surrender of Cornwallis at Yorktown. He migrated from
Virginia in 1782 and settled on land subsequently included in what is now Bald win county, Ga. He lived on this land until late in the twenties, when he followed
his son (the father of Capt. Redding) to Monroe county, where he lived the remainder of his life. He raised a family of six children--all now dead. One of his sons, \V. C, represented his county in the general assembly. He was a
Methodist and very devout Mr. Redding's father was born in 1792 and was mar
ried in Baldwin county and moved to Monroe county in 1822 and settled near Pope's Ferry, on the Ocmulgee river. Later he moved to where Capt. Redding now lives, and the house he then built is still standing. Here nine children were raised, of whom two only are living. These children were: Martha, died in Macon; William A. and James M., killed at Griswoldsville, Ga.; Thomas A., killed at Jonesboro, Ga.; Charles, captain of Floyd rifles of Macon, Ga., killed
at Gettysburg in Pickett's famous charge; Mary E., widow of Thomas Dougherty,
Macon, Ga.; D. S., the subject of this sketch; Sallie M., deceased wife of Capt. Joseph H. White, who was killed at Manassas; John M., a member of Capt Redding's company, killed in the battle of the Wilderness. Capt Redding's father
began life very poor, but by hard work, economy and good judgment he accu
mulated a good property. He was one of the first settlers in Monroe county, which was organized in 1821. His mother's father (Searcy) was a teacher quite
prominent in his day and accumulated a fortune, and one of her brothers was a
fine physician, and another was a Baptist preacher. She died in 1857. Mr. Red ding was a democrat and a very pious member of the Methodist church. He died in 1877, aged eighty-five years. Excepting when absent during the war,
Capt Redding has passed his life on his plantation in Monroe county. He en-

MONROE COUNTY SKETCHES.

559

listed in March, 1862, in Capt. J. H. White's company, which became Company D, Forty-fifth Georgia regiment, and was made sergeant. The command went at once to the front, and subsequently participated in the great battles of Chancellorsville, Fredericksburg, the Wilderness and others. Having been detailed
to guard prisoners, he was not in the Pennsylvania campaign. In 1864 he was appointed captain of the company, and was captured at Petersburg six days before the surrender. He was taken to Johnson's island, where he was kept about two
months. It is an incident worthy of record that of six brothers in this family five of them gave their lives to the ''lost cause." Few families can parallel this devotion, and such a sacrifice for what they deemed the right. Capt. Redding
was married the year he was twenty-seven years old (1859) to Miss Clara P. Blantor, of Spalding county. She was a graduate of the Female college of Grif fin, Ga., in 1860, was the valedictorian of her class and was a woman of a superior mind and much intelligence. Her education and refined habits enabled her to
be of great aid to her children in their early training, and by them she was idealized. Her goodness endeared her to neighbors and friends and it can be truly said, "None knew her but to love her." She was a conscientious Christian and
was president of the Woman's Missionary society of her church when she died. Twenty-five years of a happy married life and she passed to the other shore, leaving by her pure life, holy influences, good lessons and bright works such im pressions that even time can never obliterate. By this marriage there were born to him nine children: Charles D., physician, Bibb county, Ga.; W. B., teacher, Bibb
county; Mamie, teacher, Bibb county; Julia, teacher, near home; Annie, at home: Alice, wife of Redding Howard, Houston county, Ga., and Rosa, Arthur T. and
James A., all at home. The mother of these children died in 1885, and Capt. Red ding was married in Jones county, Dec. 4,1888, to Miss Addie J-, daughter of J. C. and Addie C. White. Her grandfather, James White, migrated from Virginia
to Georgia, and lived first in Meriwether county, and then in other counties, and died at the age of forty-eight years. Her father settled and lived in Jones count}-, where his father had lived before him, and where her parents raised ten children, of whom, besides Mrs. Redding, four are living: George B., William F., Thomas
A. and Carrie, wife of F. C. Goolsby. Altogether the Redding family has a rather remarkable history in war and in peace, in its patriotic sacrifices through gen erations, for country, and in its historic connection with the portion of the state
in which they live. Among the first settlers in Baldwin and Monroe counties, on both sides, their names are connected with their historical records, and written in blood on battlefields. It is the pride of Capt. Redding that he gave all his
children the best education in his power, that they are intelligent and useful mem bers of the communities in which they live, and are honored and esteemed, the elder ones who have gone out into the world occupying honorable positions.
Capt Redding is a democrat and has served a term as county commissioner. He lives and is enjoying life on a fine 5oo-acre plantation nine miles east of Forsyth.
He is a master Mason and is a member of the Methodist church, of which he has been a steward and class leader for forty years.

E. SANDERS, merchant and mayor of Forsyth, Monroe Co., Ga., son of Brown and Elizabeth A. (Smith) Sanders, was born in Jasper county, Ga.,
Oct. 13, 1851. The family came from England to South Carolina before the revolutionary war. Mr. Sanders' great-grandfather, Ephraim Sanders, a soldier in the patriot army, was killed in the battle of Eutaw Springs, S. C., Sept. 8, 1781. The latter part of the last century his grandfather, a planter, migrated from South Carolina to Georgia and settled in Jones count}', where he raised a large family,

560

MEMOIRS OP GEORGIA.

\vhose members scattered and made homes elsewhere. Here Mr. Sanders' father was born in 1808 and grew to manhood. He then moved over into Jasper county, where he married in 1850. His mother's family were of Georgia birth, and she was raised by her grandfather, Aquilla Phelps, one of the oldest of the first settlers. After their marriage his parents moved to Jones county, where they lived seven
years, and then returned to Jasper county to the old Phelps plantation, where they are living now, his father engaged in his lifetime business of farming. They had four children born to them: \V. E., the subject of this sketch; Mary A., died at thirteen; Frances M., died when eighteen months old; Florence, died when sev enteen years of age. Mr. Sanders was reared in Jasper county, and educated in the county schools and the Monticello high school, and took a course in the Macon Business college. In 1871 he clerked in Monticello, Ga., and beginning with 1872, he clerked for L. Greenwood & Bros., Forsyth, for several years-- clerking in the fall and winter--making a crop in the summer in Jasper county.
In 1877 he engaged with Solomon & Mount, remained with them until 1881, when he went into business with E. R. Roberts, under the firm name of Roberts & Sanders. The firm continued until 1883, when they were burnt out. Mr. Sanders then bought his partner's interest, and has since conducted the business with phe nomenal success on his own account He carried a fine assorted general supply-
stock. He was elected mayor of -Forsyth in 1890, re-elected since in 1892, 1893 and 1894, and is mayor now. He is captain of the Quitman guards (Company K, Second regiment infantry, Georgia volunteers). This is a "crack" company, and he has been a member of it twenty years. He is also a member of the military advisory board of the state of Georgia. Mr. Sanders was married Dec. 13, 1876, in Forsyth, Ga., to Miss Ada O., daughter of W. B. and Mattie A. Chambers, who
now live in Griffin, Spalding Co., Ga. To them seven children have been born: Florence; \V. B., died in 1890; May; Charlie; an infant, died unnamed; W. E., Jr., deceased. Mr. Sanders is a democrat. He is very popular, ranks high for
energy and business capability, and commercial integrity. His accomplished success gives assurance of a brilliant business future.

THOMAS G. SCOTT, planter, Brent, Monroe Co., Ga., son of Peter and Eliza

S. (Gary) Scott, was born in Newton county, Ga., Dec. 12, 1828. The family

is of Scotch descent, whose ancestors, as also those of Gen. Winfield Scott, were

adherents of Charles Edward, the pretender. Persecution which followed the

is,

defeat at Culloden in 1745 compelled them to flee from England, and they came

;l

to America and settled on the Appomattox river in Dinwiddie county, Va., about

the middle of the last century. Mr. Scott's grandfather and other members of the

family were soldiers in the patriot army in the revolutionary war. Between 1790

and 1800 his grandfather, Thomas Scott, together with two brothers, Woodlief and

Frederick, migrated with their families to Georgia and settled in Hancock county.

Here Mr. Scott's father was born in March, 1800, and grew to manhood. He

married his wife in Xewton county, but he lived on and cultivated his plantation

in Hancock county until his death. Six children were born to them: Thomas

G., the subject of this sketch; H. G., who, after faithful service in the Confederate

army, was killed at the battle of Chickamauga; Duke H., died at the age of twenty-

six; Elizabeth, married William H. Means, who was killed at Sharpsburg. "She

afterward married W. W. Lawrence, and is now deceased. Peter W. died in his

youth; Benjamin S. served in the Confederate army, now a planter, Monroe

\

county. Mr. Scott's father was a very quiet man, conducted his planting interest

j

with excellent judgment and success and was highly esteemed. Politically he

vras a democrat. In religion himself and wife were^ardent, working Methodists ;he a

MONROE COUNTY SKETCHES.

561

pillar in, and both are alive to, the interests and advancement of Methodism. He died in 1853 and she in 1856. Thomas G. Scott was reared in Hancock county and educated at Emory college, Oxford, Ga., whence he graduated in 1853, with the degree of A. B., and taking the first honor. Adopting the profession of teach ing he taught first at Sparta, Hancock Co., three yeais; next at Eatonton. Putnam Co., two years, and then at Forsyth--the first teacher and principal of Hilliard institute--until near the close of the war. He made his residence where he now lives in 1862. Mr. Scott was married Dec. 25, 1859, where he now lives, .in the room now his family room, in which all his children were born, to Miss Emma L., daughter of Early and Lucy (Wilder) Cleveland. Mr. Cleveland came from Elbert county, Ga., to Monroe county early in the twenties, and, although, not a college graduate, became one of the most distinguished and successful .educators in that part of the state. Among others he prepared for college were Rev. Edward Myers, D. D., and ex-Judges Robert P. Trippe and Alexander Speer, men who rose and rank high as members of the legal fraternity and of the judiciary, and in the councils of the state and nation. His educational work cov ers thirty years of time--the scope of its influence none can measure. Mr. Cleveland was a successful planter as well as a ripe scholar and eminent educator. He was an ardent whig and a prominent and devoted Methodist To Mr. and Mrs. Scott eight children were born: Milton C.; Lucy S., wife of George P. Rankin, Macon, Ga.; Lizzie E., died in infancy; Thomas G., Jr., student at Emory college, and Mary, Alice, Early Cleveland and Edwin at home. His attractive
old-time home--"Pleasant Grove"--is one of culture and refinement, sunshine and happiness; himself well-read on all subjects, his wife a congenial companion and his children educated and intelligent It has been the home of his wife since she was two years old. Mr. Scott is a democrat, and royal arch Mason. He is a devoted, working Methodist, has been a local preacher forty-one years--thirtysix of them in the community in which he lives. In 1877 ^e was elected county
school commissioner of Monroe county, and has held the office continuously since. His reputation as an educator extends far and wide.
JAMES T. SEARCY, planter, Bolingbroke, Monroe Co., Ga., son of Dr. Daniel B. and Camilla J. (Thweatt) Searcy, was born in Monroe county Jan. 13, 1834.
Of the many old families of Monroe and adjoining counties none stood higher in the estimation of their fellow-citizens than that represented by this estimable citizen and gentleman. For many years prior to the war the wealth and intelligence and conspicuous moral characteristics of his ancestry, on both sides, made them social and political leaders in their several communities. His great-grandfather, Searcy, was a citizen of North Carolina and reared three sons, one of whom went to Tenn essee, one remained in North Carolina, and the third, William, grandfather of the subject of this sketch, came to Georgia between 1770-80. He was a school teacher by profession, and early in life followed it, but became a planter and amassed a large property in Talbot county, where he died at the advanced age of ninety-seven years. He left three sons: John, a Baptist preacher; William, a planter, and Daniel B., physician, and father of James T. Daniel B. was given a'good education,. studied medicine, and was graduated from the University of Pennsylvania Medical college, Philadelphia. He located in the southern part of Monroe county, where he built up a practice whose extent was limited only by his endurance. Dr. Searcy is affectionately remembered as a man of deep religious convictions and high moral principles; one who was actively foremost in every good work and movement promotive of the community's welfare and advancement. The sterling qualities of his character caused him to be elected several times as the standard bearer of his party for legislative honors, but the county being largely whig, and
H-86

562

MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

he a democrat, he never succeeded. He came to Monroe county a poor man, but his great skill and ability as a physician, supplemented by uncommon sagacity in the investment of his gains, caused him to become one of the wealthiest men in the county. Dr. Searcy was married the year he came to the county, 1833. His grandfather on his mother's side, James Thweatt, was a physician, and was a surgeon in the army during the war of 1812-14. He became very wealthy, was unusually intelligent, prominent and active in politics, and quite frequently repre sented his county in the general assembly. The family was of Scotch descent, and moved from Hancock to Monroe county in 1821, about the time the county was organized. Dr. and Mrs. Searcy were blessed with four children: James T., the subject of this sketch; \V. E. H., Griffin, Ga.; Fannie, wife of A.T. Holt, Macon,
Ga.; and Carrie, deceased. The last mentioned married first B. F. Davis, who died leaving her with several children, and afterward married L. O. Hollis, and, after bearing him one child, died. Dr. Searcy was an ardent, working Methodist, and died Aug. i, 1885; his wife died Nov. 17, 1885, aged sixty-nine years. Mr. James T. Searcy was reared in Monroe county, and has lived there all his life. He was educated at Emory college, Oxford, Ga., from which he was graduated in 1854. Early in the war he enlisted in Company D, Forty-fifth Georgia regi ment, and was made second lieutenant, but was soon promoted to the first lieuten ancy. He participated in the seven days' battle around Richmond, Va., but becom ing disabled by sickness he came home and put in a substitute. He afterward served, however, in the Georgia militia. Mr. Searcy was married in Monroe county Aug. 21, 1854, the year of his graduation, to Miss Sarah V., daughter of John H. and Elizabeth (Redding) Greene. The Reddings were also among the earliest set tlers of Monroe count}', having come from Baldwin county about the time Monroe was organized. The Greenes came from Virginia, and are reputed to have been related to the great revolutionary general, Xathaniel Greene. Mrs. Searcy hastwo brothers living--James R. and William A., both in Lee county, Ala. To Mr. and Mrs. Searcy ten children have been born: John D., planter, Monroe county; James Thweatt, physician, Waco, Tex.; Charles R., planter, Monroe county; Henry and Herbert, at home; Kittie, single, at home; Annie, wife of Albert Harries, Meriwether county; Julia, wife of J. T. Lamar, Macon, Ga.; William E. and Abner H., deceased. Mr. Searcy has resided at his present delightful home since the war, where he enjoys his ample income and the domestic comfort and pleasure it is his good fortune to be blessed with.

IOHX R. SHANNON, physician and surgeon, Cabaniss, Monroe Co., Ga., son of John and Rachel (Johnston) Shannon, was born in Cabaniss, Aug. 15, 1858. His
grandfather, Mathew Shannon, a native of Monahan county, Ireland, raised five sons, all highly educated. Of these, three--James, Joseph and John--came to the United States in 1822. James became a very distinguished educator: First, was professor of ancient languages in the university of Georgia; then was president of the university of Louisiana, next he was president of the university of Kentucky, and, lastly, chancellor of the university of Missouri, in which position he died. Joseph, after graduating at the medical college of Georgia, established himself in the practice of medicine in Louisiana, where he died. John Shannon, the doctor's father, was born in Monahan county, Ireland, in 1807, and came to Georgia when fifteen years of age. He read medicine with Dr. Milton Antony, and, also, while boarding with his brother James, in Athens, with Dr. Henry Hull. He then entered the medical college of South Carolina, Charleston, and, graduating in 1830, located in Clinton, Jones Co., Ga.; but, after remaining there a year, removed to Cabaniss (then Gullettsville), where he remained as long as he lived. He married his'wife--whose family had recently

MONROE COUNTY SKETCHES.

563

removed thither from Elbert county--just after settling in Cabaniss, and to them ten children were born: Sarah ]., deceased wife of Fleming J. Ward; Annie E., wife of Judge Monroe Clowerm, Forsyth, Ga.; James M., Cabaniss; Susan B.,
married Judge Mobley, now deceased; James H., Company H, Thirty-second
Georgia regiment, killed at bombardment of Charleston, in 1864; Elizabeth B., deceased wife of W. B. Watts; William L., Company H, Thirty-second Georgia
regiment, killed at Rivers' bridge, in 1864; John L., died in infancy; Walter D., died
in infancy; John R., the subject of this sketch. His reputation for skill as a physician was excellent. He also took great interest in politics--and was a mem ber of the constitutional convention of 1866. He died in July, 1872, and his wife
in August, 1891. Dr. Shannon was educated at Hilliard institute, Forsyth, where
he took the scholarship of the university of Georgia, from which institution he graduated with the degree of A. B. in 1873. Only fifteen, out of a class of sixty,
obtained degrees. He then took a course at the Eastman Business college. In 1874-75 he engaged in mercantile business in Forsyth, and in 1875 traveled in the west. The next three years he taught school at his old home, Cabaniss. He then merchandized at Cabaniss until 1893, when he entered Atlanta Medical college. When he graduated, was valedictorian of his class. He located at
Cabaniss, where he has taken high rank, and is building up an excellent and prospectively lucrative practice. Well educated, and of superior intellectuality, a
refined gentleman, literary and scientific in taste, and ambitious of distinction, he is quite certain to rise in his profession. He is, as yet, unmarried. He is a mem ber of the board of education, of which he has been president twice. He is a democrat, a royal arch Mason, and a Missionary Baptist.

WILLIAM D. STONE, lawyer, Forsyth, Monroe Co., Ga., son of Charles and rr Mary S. (Griffin) Stone, was born in Dadeville, Ala., Sept. 12, 1844. His
grandfather was of English descent, and came from Virginia to Georgia, went
to Florida, and, later, thence to Montgomery county, Ala. He was a planter, and was very wealthy in both land and negroes. He was married three times, and had twenty-four sons and three daughters. Judge Stone's father was born in Mont gomery county, Ala., and he grew to manhood in that state. He was a planter and
a prominent politician. As a whig he represented Tallapoosa county in the legis lature of Alabama from 1835 to 1846. After that he went as first lieutenant of
Capt. Dennis' company of volunteers to the Mexican war. He was married in
1838, in Dadeville, Tallapoosa county, to Miss Mary E. Griffin, who was born in Columbus, Ga., whence her family moved to Alabama. About 1858 his father moved to Lafayette, the county-seat, for the purpose of educating his children, and died there in 1865. He was a member of the Missionary Baptist church. Judge Stone's parents raised a family of seven children: Fannie, deceased, wife of
Thomas B. Mitchell, Gilmer, Texas; William D., the subject of this sketch; Eugenia, wife of George Bertram, Macon, Ga.; Alice B., widow of Charles P. Toney, now Mrs. Joseph Copps, Macon, Ga.; Tecumseh, paying teller, Central
bank, Macon; Oceola B., and Black Hawk. Mr. Stone's mother makes her home
with him. Mr. Stone received his early education at Lafayette, and, later, at Southwood, Talladega, Ala. He ran away from school and enlisted in the Tus-
kegee Zouaves, at Winchester, Va., which became Company B, of the Fourth Alabama regiment. He participated in the first Manassas battle, and saw Gen. Bartow fall, when killed. His regiment went into battle 1,000 strong, and came out with a little over 100--Mr. Stone was slightly wounded, and reported killed. He remained in the army in Virginia two years, and was in the seven days' and other bloody battles. He got a discharge and returned home; but in two or
three months joined Forrest's cavalry, Sixth Alabama, and remained with him until

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MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

the surrender. He was in the battles of Resaca and New Hope, and on the retreat from Atlanta, and was paroled at Forsyth. After a farming venture he taught school at Hilliard institute, Forsyth, meantime studying law under Col. A. D. Hammond, and was admitted to the bar in 1867. He entered into partnership with his preceptor--the firm being Hammond & Stone, which continued until 1872, when he withdrew and purchased an interest in the "Monroe Advertiser." After a year's editorial life he sold his interest in the paper and resumed the practice of law in partnership with J. H. Turner--as Stone & Turner. Mr. Turner moved away and Mr. Stone was appointed judge of the county court--a position he held
four years--1879-83. He next entered into partnership with G. J. Wright, as Wright & Stone, which continued--1889-92--when he went into partnership with William Clark, as Stone & Clark, which firm still exists. Judge Stone has an
excellent patronage, and stands high in rank with the bar and the people. When at home on a furlough, March i, 1865, Judge Stone was married to Miss Man- E., daughter of O. H. P. Ponder, who was born and raised in Monroe county. Two children have been born to them: Charles O., and Clyde. Charles is in business with Cox & Corbin, wholesale supply house, Macon, Ga. He is married to Addie, Mr. Corbin's daughter, who was educated by Judge Stone, when he was principal at Hilliard institute. Clyde, the daughter, who is at home, finished her education at Wesleyan Female college, Macon Ga. Judge Stone is a very ardent and enthusiastic Mason--a Knight Templar, past high priest of his chapter, and past eminent commander of William Tracy Gould commandery. Judge Stone has in his possession a very interesting--and to him very valuable--heirloom of his family, in connection with masonry. It is a masonic apron--real sheepskin-- beautifully and elaborately embroidered with colored silk, which has passed from generation to generation in the Stone family for nearly eight centuries. It was
presented to Lieut Donworth--who married a Stone--in England, in 1102, and, as may be supposed, Judge Stone is very proud of it, and cherishes it most fondly. Judge Stone is member and a steward of the Methodist church.

CDEN TAYLOR, planter, Pope's Ferry, Monroe Co., Ga., son of Job and Mary (Warthen) Taylor, was born in Monroe county, Nov. 8, 1834. He is a
descendant on both sides, from some of the best Virginia families, and from the
earliest settlers in Washington and Monroe counties, a noble scion of old, honorable and honored ancestral stock. Job Taylor, his father, was born in Virginia, and, at maturity, came with his brothers, George and Robert, to Georgia, and, in 1824, settled in Monroe county, a few miles east of Forsyth. As he prospered he added to his domain until he was the largest land-owner in the county, his holdings amounting to 10,000 acres in Monroe and adjoining counties, besides about 30,000 acres of wild lands in Alabama. He lived to accumulate the largest landed and slave property of any citizen of the county, and at the same time was known and recognized as one of the most austerely religious of men. Mr. Taylor is remembered by the older citizens as one who possessed, in a very remarkable degree, true piety and extraordinary business ability, a rare combina tion to maintain, as the money-making faculty too often overshadows or entirely overcomes, the religious sentiment It was often remarked of him that Job Taylor came nearer "serving God and mammon" than any man of his time. In the use of his wealth Mr. Taylor was exceedingly public-spirited and charitable. No school or church committee ever failed to receive a liberal response, while he was ever ready to extend generous aid to neighbors in obtaining facilities for utilizing or making their products. When the Central railway was projected (then known as the Monroe railroad) he was one of its earliest and stanchest supporters in his locality. He finally lost over $30,000 in consequence of his

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565

excess of enthusiasm and over-zealousness, as he graded a large number of miles for which he never received a cent As already remarked, Mr. Taylor lived his religion. It entered into every act of his life. The family altar was as much an institution of his home as his dining table. It is said that, no matter what time of night he came in, if delayed from any cause, the candles were lit and the entire family assembled to be present at prayers. Mr. Taylor married Miss Mary Warthen, in Washington county, when she was but sixteen years old--he being thirty-five. She proved to be a helpmate indeed, a woman fit in every respect to be his life-companion. Loving, affectionate and charitable, she was the em bodiment of Christian gentleness. In her latter days she became entirely blind, but it is related that during the war, notwithstanding this sad deprivation, she kept an entire company supplied with socks, knitting them with her own hands. She died in 1880, aged eighty-two years, having outlived her husband twentyfour years. This union was blessed with ten children: William, deceased; Sarah, widow of Col. W. H. Long; Frank, deceased, George, deceased; Mary, deceased; Job E., deceased; Eden the subject of this sketch; Camilla, deceased; Elijah B., Monroe county, and Rebecca, deceased. Eden Taylor has passed a life of usefulness on his plantation in Monroe county. He is best known throughout the state as the efficient secretary of the state grange during its entire existence, from 1872 to 1888. It is but just to say that the success of that excellent farmers' organization in Georgia was largely due to his untiring efforts. He is now a member of the board which has charge of the state experiment station. Mr. - Taylor has been married twice. He was first married near Perry, Houston Co., in 1859, to Miss Georgia V. Tharp, by whom he had four children: Guy, farmer, Bibb county, Ga.; Maud, deceased; Claudia, wife of Will G. Bass, Bibb county, and Georgia E., a lovely girl, who died June i, 1894. The mother of these chil dren died in 1872, and Mr. Taylor contracted a marriage in 1874, near Hayneville, Houston Co., with Miss Sallie H. Brown. This second union has been blessed with four children: Rosa, Odille, Brown and Eden, Jr. As were his people before him, he is a member of the Missionary Baptist church, a public-spirited citizen, and a courteous gentleman.

I M. THOMAS, planter and stockman, Forsyth, Monroe Co., Ga., son of John H. and Nancy (Carr) Thomas, was born in Monroe county, March 9, 1839.
Mr. Thomas' father was born and reared in Jones county, Ga. About 1835 ne moved over into Monroe county and settled within three miles of Forsyth. A few years afterward he moved into the town, where he engaged in merchandising, trading and speculation. He was cautious and shrewd, a careful manager, and regarded as a man of the highest integrity. For these reasons he was frequently selected as administrator of estates. He was a strong democrat, and although he cared nothing for the distinction or emoluments of office for himself, he took great interest in the success of his friends. He was very successful and accumulated a large estate before his death, which occurred in 1858. His last wife died in 1890. He was married twice and reared a family of nine children, all of whom are dead but two. His first wife was a Carson, by whom he had two children: W. J., deceased, and Sallie, now wife of W. W. Jackson, of Culloden, Monroe Co. Of Mr. Thomas' full brothers and sisters only two lived to maturity: Isaac, now deceased, and Lucy, who married Alvin Stafford, of Barnesville, Ga., now dead. Mr. Thomas was reared in Monroe county, and received his early education at Hilliard institute and Mercer university, and was at the university of Virginia when the war between the states began. He came home, and, in conjunction with his brother, W. J., assumed the management of his father's business. During the

MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.
war he operated a tannery for the government, and made shoes for the soldiers. Since the surrender he has been engaged in planting and trading in stock. He owns several plantations, aggregating about 500 acres, near town, and is one of a company owning several thousand acres in the county. Mr. Thomas was mar ried in Macon, Ga., Xov. 26, 1863, to Miss Greta, daughter of Dr. D. W. Hammond, of Macon, formerly of Culloden, where she was born and reared. She was of a family, which, though not numerous in Georgia, is conspicuous for its intel lectuality and religion. Five children blessed this union: Leola, wife of C. L. Edwards, Atlanta; Greta, wife of J. B. Fleming, planter, Monroe county; Ida, single, at home; Ella, widow of J. B. Barnes, formerly of Marietta, Ga., who, with her daughter, is with her father, and Jeffie, also at home Mr. Thomas' wife died in June, 1890. She was a member of the Methodist church, of which Mr. Thomas and the children are also members. He is also a master Mason.
T E. WALTOX, merchant and farmer, Bolingbroke, Monroe Co., Ga., son of * Henry W. and Lorania P. (Redding) Walton, was born in Monroe county,
June 7, 1844. His father was born and reared to manhood in Virginia. When of age he came to Baldwin county, Ga., and, about 1820, married his wife, who belonged to an old pioneer and influential family. In 1825 he moved to Monroe county, and settled about twelve miles east of Forsyth. Here were born and reared nine children: B. F., planter, New London, Ark.; Rebecca D., wife of J. H. Evans, Monroe count}', Ga.; David A., deceased; H. H., Grapeland, Texas; Mary E., wife of B. F. Cadenhead, Sand Mountain, Ala.; J. G. R., enlisted in an Alabama regiment and died of typhoid fever soon after the battle of Bull Run; Martha L., wife of J. H. Gates, McRae, Ga.; Thomas E., the subject of this sketch; William W., planter, Monroe county. His father was a member of the Methodist church and died in 1854; and his mother died in 1884 aged eighty-one years. Mr. Walton was reared on a farm and his education limited to county common schools, but he was industrious, saving and ambitious. In 1869 he bought an interest in the general merchandise business of J. W. Jackson, and continued it under the firm name of Jackson & Walton; subsequently Mr. Ewing bought Mr. Jackson's interest, and the firm was changed to Walton & Ewing, under which it is now conducted. From a small beginning he has built a good trade, has a good stock of general merchandise, and a nice farm and comfortable home. In 1876 Mr. Walton was married in Monroe county to Miss Fannie B. Ewing, who died child less in 1881. In February, 1883, he was married to Miss Sallie, daughter of Peyton and Annie E. Cocke, who was a native of the county, and who has borne two children: Thomas E., Jr., and Annie Lou. Mr. Walton is a democrat, a member of the Methodist church, of which he is a steward and Sunday school superintendent, and is held in high estimation by the community in which he lives.
D L. WILLIAMS is the principal merchant in the prosperous little community of Juliette, on the E. T., Va. & Ga. railway, in the northeastern part of Monroe
county. Although young in years, Mr. Williams is old in experience, having been reared and thoroughly educated in the business in which he has been so successful. His genial, and jovial, and sunshiny nature has drawn to and around him hosts of friends and a liberal patronage, which his unswerving integrity of character, and the downright honesty of dealings have kept, and disclose the real reason for the large trade he commands. Mr. Williams is the son of R. M. and Virginia (Chambliss) Williams, and was born in Tazewell county, Va., June I, 1861. His father was also born in the same county, but in his young manhood came to Monroe count}-, Ga. His stay, however, was not long, as^after his marriage he returned

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567

with his young wife to his Virginia home. After the birth of his boy Mr. Williams brought his wife and child to Monroe county, and placing them in charge of her parents that they might be safe from the impending ravages of war, he returned to Virginia and entered the Confederate army and served faithfully to the end. In 1863 Mr. Williams' mother died leaving him to the care of his grandparents. After the war his father returned to Monroe county and married Miss Alice Chambliss, sister of his first wife, who survives him, at Jnliette. He engaged in merchandising for some years at Forsyth, and then in the country, where, in addition, he had extensive planting interests. Being a man of excellent business judgment, combining enterprise with prudence, and a complete master of the
details of business, he was successful in his undertakings, and at his death, in 1884, left his family in comfortable circumstances. R. L. Williams was reared behind the counter. After passing his eighteenth birthday he supplemented his common school education with a thorough business course at the Eastman Commercial college at Poughkeepsie, N. Y. Returning home thus equipped he engaged for a year as a clerk with J. J. Cater & Co. at Forsyth. In 1882, in company with his father, Mr. Williams established the business at Juliette, which, under his able management, has grown to such magnitude and attained to such prosperity. Occupying a spacious and cheerful-looking store building of his own, eligibly
situated and carrying a $3,500 stock of merchandise and plantation supplies, com bined with his superior business training and capabilities, his commercial future is bright in the extreme. Mr. Williams was happily married June I, 1884, to Miss Lizzie, daughter of Dr. William and Melinda (Harris) Speer, who, at the age of seventeen, graduated with the first honor at the Georgia Baptist seminary, at Gainesville, Ga. Dr. Speer was a successful and prominent physician in Monroe county, who had two children besides Mrs. Williams: Robert J., reading law, and acting as stenographer in the law office of Dessau & Hodges, Macon, Ga., and Annie Belle, at Macon. The home of Mr. and Mrs. Williams has been blessed with eight bright children: R. L., Jr., Paul R., Jack H., Guy W., Helen V., Alice E., Charles M. and Malinda M. Air. Williams in politics is a democrat. He is a master Mason, a member of Zabud lodge No. 175, and a Methodist, a steward in the church at Juliette.

JUDGE B. H. ZELLNER, Forsyth, Ga., is the head of one of the largest and most influential families in Monroe county, all of whose members occupy
honorable positions in their several communities, commercially and socially. For seventy years, continuously, Judge Zellner has been a resident of the county,
during which period he has come to be regarded as one of the most reliable and trustworthy of men--a man of the sternest morality and of unbending integrity.
So conspicuous have been these characteristics, and so excellent his business capabilities, that he has been entrusted, as administrator or executor, with the management of more estates than any man in the county. He has the remarkable record of having settled some twenty-three estates, some of them the largest in
the county, without the loss of a dollar or the aid of the courts. The family is of German origin, George Zellner, the judge's grandfather, having been born and reared to young manhood in Hanover,- Germany. The independence of the United States having been established he concluded to cast his lot with the new nation, and came first to North Carolina and settled in Bertie county, where not long after he married a Miss Mary Capheart. Several years afterward, in 1799,
he migrated to Lincoln county, Ga., thus introducing the name into this state. He was not a robust man, his constitution having been impaired in consequence of medicine having been carelessly administered in his youth, and he died at a

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MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

comparatively early age. He raised a family of four sons and two daughters,

who scattered after his death to Tennessee, Alabama and elsewhere. Andrew

ij

Zellner, Judge Zellner's father, was born in North Carolina in 1798, and was only

six months old when the family came to Georgia. He was reared in Lincoln

county, and was married in 1818, just across the line in Wilkes county, to Rebecca

Holmes, who bore him eight children: B. H., the subject of this sketch; Francis

A., deceased; George; Andrew B.; John W., planter, Monroe county; James,

deceased; Mary, widow of Ehenezer Pharr, Forsyth, Ga., and Sarah J., wife of

William Walker, Thomaston, Ga. In 1824 he moved with his family to Monroe

county and settled about eight miles southwest of Forsyth, where he lived until

!j,

'837, when he moved to the place where Judge Zellner .now lives, four miles

southeast of Forsyth. His wife died in 1875, aged seventy-two years, but he

survived until 1892, having attained to his ninety-fourth year. In some respects

he was a remarkable man, his longevity being largely due to his methodical habits

and abstemiousness, it lieing a fact worthy of note and imitation that he never

used tobacco in any form, nor drank a drop of liquor except as a medicine.

Before the war he was a whig in politics; a Primitive Baptist always. Judge B.

H. Zellner was born in Lincoln county, Feb. 2, 1820. He received a common

school education such as the time and the locality afforded, and his youth was

passed in the pursuits congenial to the planter-life of the day. In 1850-51, as soon

as he attained to his majority, ne served the county as sheriff, and for several

years following as one of the justices of the inferior court Before the war he was a

whig and strongly opposed to secession. In the convention which nominated

the delegates to represent the county, his name was presented without his consent,

but he came within four votes of being chosen. Although opposed to secession,

he acquiesced in the action of the convention, and earnestly supported the cause to

the end. Having large planting and milling interests, he was exempt from

military duty; but he contributed largely to the support of the army, and sent

two of his sons to the front to do battle for the cause. He was elected to repre

sent the county in 1868-69 in the general assembly, and again in 1878-79. In 1876

he was chosen as one of the new board of county commissioners and served until

1883, which terminated his official life. There has been no period in the life of

Judge Zellner when he did not feel a profound interest in the welfare of the

county--local, state and Federal--whether in office or not In all the trusts con

fided to him he has maintained his character for faithfulness and strict integrity,

and given the same careful attention to public business as to his private affairs.

He was at one time one of the largest land owners in Monroe county, but he has

divided his holdings among his children until he has reduced his own to about

500 acres. Judge Zellner was married in Monroe county, Sept. 27, 1842, to Susan,

daughter of Thomas M. Evans. She was born in Jones county, but her family

moved into Monroe county about the same time the Zellners did. Judge Zellner

and his wife have had eight children born to them: Thomas J. and Andrew J.,

planters. Monroe county; Nancy R., widow of Dr. -B. F. Chambliss, Culloden,

Monroe Co.; Emma, wife of Hon. \V. A. Worsham, Monroe county; Wiley E.,

planter and county treasurer; William J., planter, Monroe county; Charles J.,

merchant, Forsyth, Ga., and Lillie, wife of Col. C. J. Shipp, lawyer, Cordele, Ga.

Although an ardent whig before the war, he cheerfully fell into line with the only

white man's party, and has since acted with the democrats. For fifty-two years

himself and wife have harmoniously "kept together" on life's pilgrimage, and

for more than fifty years he has been a constant member of the Primitive Baptist

church, and can now look back upon a well-spent life and duty faithfully done, and

look confidently forward to the fulfillment of the.glorious promises "to him that

overcometh."

MONTGOMERY COUNTY SKETCHES.

569

WILLIAM J. ZELLNER, planter, Strouds, Monroe Co., Ga., son of B. H. and Susan (Evans) Zellner, was born in Monroe county, Jan. 31, 1857. He was
reared and educated in the county and has thus far passed his life as a planter, deriving his chief enjoyment and most real pleasure from the successful management of his plantation. This is a tract of nearly 600 acres of as choice land as can be found in Monroe county, about ten miles southwest of Forsyth. Intelligent and progressive in his methods, and availing himself of improved machinery, he realizes the most satisfactory results. Mr. Zellner was married in Spalding county, Ga., May 23, 1889, to Miss Hattie, only daughter of D. C. and Pelly (Jones) Fountain, who has borne him one child, Elsie Louise. Mr. Zellner is a worthy representative of one of the deservedly most honored families in Monroe county, and is himself held in the highest esteem by his fellow-citizens. Upright
and blameless in life, of irreproachable character and unswerving integrity, he is justly entitled to the confidence reposed in him by his neighbors and friends.

MONTGOMERY COUNTY.
A SA LEMUEL ADAMS, farmer, Montgomery county, Ga., son of Asa and Louisa (Phillips) Adams, was born in Montgomery county, April i, 1834. Mr.
Adams' father was born in the county, and his family was among its early settlers. He was a farmer, was born Dec. 17, 1809, and died June 19, 1891. Mr. Adams' mother was born Oct 12, 1812, and died July 29, 1884. Of seven children born to them, three lived to maturity: William R. born Feb. 21, 1829; Nathan A., born June 7, 1832, and Asa Lemuel, all living in Montgomery county. Asa L. Adams received a common school education, and began life as a farmer, which has con tinued to be his occupation, excepting a brief interval of school teaching when a young man and periods of public service. In 1861 he enlisted in Company A, Fourth battalion, Georgia sharpshooters, Bates' division, Bragg's army. He was in all the important engagements in Kentucky, Tennesse and North Georgia, and in several in Virginia. His last battle was when Hood's army was defeated, and practically destroyed, at Nashville, Dec. 15, 1864. He was wounded in that battle while stooping to raise his brother, Andrew J., who had received a wound, from which he died. Mr. Adams was captured and carried to Cumberland hospital, where he remained until Jan. 5, 1865, when he was transferred to Camp Chase prison, Ohio, with more than 500 others. He was detained there until June 13, 1865, when he was paroled, and he returned to his farm. Mr. Adams was notary public eight years--1866-'74--and was elected sheriff in 1874, serving one term. In 1881 he was elected clerk of the superior court, which office he held two years; and 1892 he was elected to represent Montgomery county in the general assembly, and was assigned to the following committees: General agriculture, corpora tions, immigration, lunatic asylum, and wild lands. May 6, 1866, Mr. Adams was married to Mrs. Mary Jane (nee Ryals) McAllister, daughter of William R. and Eliza (Connor) Ryals, of Montgomery county. By her first husband, Mrs. Adams had two children: Eliza, born Jan. 23, 1851. and John, born Oct. 2, 1854. To Mr. and Mrs. Adams have been born: Sophia F., Mrs. John B. Wootten, and Mary J., Mrs. Cornelius Wootten, both of Wootten's Mills, Telfair Co., Ga. Mr. Adams is a master Mason, and is enjoying life and the esteem of life-long friends at Long Pond.

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MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

("1EORGE W. ADAMS, farmer, Montgomery count}-, Ga., son of Wylie and ^^M-ances (Collins) Adams, was born in Montgomery county Oct. 5, 1830. His father was born in Montgomery county March 5, 1798, was a thrifty, successful farmer, represented the county twice in the general assembly, and died May 21, 1873. His mother was born Aug. 3, 1804, and is still living. They had ten children, of whom five survive: Joe, farmer, Montgomery- county; M. C., farmer, Montgomery count}-; George W.; Margaret, widow of William McLeod, and Thomas, a farmer of Montgomery county. Mr. Adams was educated at the common and high schools of the county, and then engaged in farming. In 1862 he enlisted in the First Georgia regiment, under Capt Davenport, and was stationed at Savannah. After serving there ten months, he was transferred to the Thirty-second Georgia regiment, Col. Harrison, and was on service in Georgia and Alabama, and was with the forces at Atlanta when besieged by the Federal army. Returning from the army, he resumed his farm work, which he has success fully followed since. Mr. Adams was married to Miss Elizabeth L. Wilcox, of Telfair county, Aug. 8, 1858. She was the daughter of Gen. Mark Wilcox--who served in the Florida Indian war, and Sarah A. E. (Coffee) Wilcox, and was born Dec. 31, 1841. Ten children were the fruit of this marriage: George Lewis, born Feb. i, 1860, farmer, married Miss Xenie Coffee, of Gwinnett county, Ga.; James Le Conte, born Feb. 5, 1864, Ailey, Ga., married Miss Xell Sutton; Agnes Lee, born July 10, 1865, Mrs. Herbert Wright, Montgomery county; John C., born Dec. 6, 1866, farmer, married Miss Hattie Cave, of Dodge county; Rosa P., born March I, 1868, Mrs. Henry Simpson, Montgomery county; Elizabeth L., born April 17, 1870, wife of Thomas Thompson, merchant, Mount Vernon, Ga.; Charles M., born Feb. 26, 1873 ; Man,- Emma, born July 17, 1874; Lucy, born Oct. 29, 1879, and Sam Jones, born Aug. 30, 1885. Mr. Adams is a master Mason, and has a beautiful, well-arranged and productive farm about two miles south of Mount Yernon, the county seat.

MATHAXIEL REID BEASLEY, deceased, lawyer, Mount Vernon, Mont gomery Co., Ga., was the eldest of ten children of Isaiah and Jane Augusta
(Way) Beasley, and was born in Liberty county, Ga., Jan. 14, 1867. His father, a prominent lawyer of Reidsville, Tattnall Co., Ga., was born in 1838, and his mother was born Oct. i, 1847. ^r- Beasley, after receiving the best education the common schools of the county afforded, taught school in Tattnall and Bulloch counties in i885-'86-'87, and in May, 1888, began the study of law under his father's preceptorship, and was admitted to the bar Oct. 13, of the same year. He was at once accepted by his father as a partner, and practiced with him until 1892, when the partnership was dissolved, and Mr. Beasley removed to Mount Vernon, Montgomery Co., Ga., where he died Sept II, 1894, in the flush of a vigorous young manhood, and the beginning of a career, bright with the promise of a brilliant and prosperous professional and political career, leaving his devoted wife and two lovely children to mourn their irreparable loss. Mr. Beasley was married Oct. 29, 1889, to Miss Xora, daughter of Remer Franklin, of Bulloch county, Ga., . by whom he had three children: Xannie McLesky, died in infancy; Janie Lucille, born in 1891, and Minnie Reid, born in 1894.

MALCOLM L. CCRRIE, M. D., Ailey, Montgomery Co., son of Duncan and Martha A. (McLendon) Currie, was born in Montgomery county July 13,
1853. His great-grandfather emigrated from the highlands of Scotland and settled in Robeson county, X. C. His grandfather, Malcolm Currie, was born in Robeson county, and emigrated from there to Montgomery county, Ga., settling in the latter county about 1818. Dr. Currie's father was born in

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Montgomery county, Jan. 29, 1825, and died Jan. n, 1883. His mother was the
daughter of Dennis and Martha A. (Tyson) McLendon, and was born in Laurens county Feb. 22, 1824, and is still living. His parents had eight children, of whom Dr. Currie was the second. Dr. Currie received a good preparatory education at
the common and other schools of the county. He was elected tax receiver of the county in 1883 and served one term. In the spring of 1886 he entered the college of physicians and surgeons, Baltimore, Md., and graduated with distinction in 1888. He immediately entered Bay View hospital for a post-graduate course. Complet
ing that, he came home and began the practice of medicine at Mount Vernon. the county seat, in August, 1888, where he established a drug store, the first the county
ever had, and which did a thriving business. After practicing one and one-half years with excellent success, he entered Johns Hopkins hospital, Baltimore, for another post-graduae course. He went from there to Brunswick, Ga., and practiced some time, meeting with satisfactory patronage, but had to abandon it and return to Mount Vernon, where he remained until May, 1894, when he determined to locate in the new and enterprising town of Ailey, on the Georgia & Alabama railway. Having sold his original drug stock to Messrs. J. F. Currie & Co., he established a new drug store at Ailey, which is now being run in the name of E. T. McBryde & Co., with satisfactory results. Dr. Currie, in addition to the above, is engaged in conducting a real estate business at Mount Vernon and Ailey. Dr. Currie was married to Miss Minnie J. McBryde--born Nov. 28, 1869--daughter of William
F. and Ala (McNott) McBryde, of Montgomery county. Their home has been gladdened by the advent of two children: Anna Mav, born Dec. 28, 1891, and Nora Earline, born May 4, 1894. Dr. Currie is a very public-spirited and ener getic and progressive citizen, and as a physician, is the leading member of the
profession in this part of the state. His success in the general practice has been phenomenal, and he has attained to an enviable reputation. He has, at the same time, successfully performed some.of the most difficult operations in this county, or
outside the best hospitals. He is a member of the medical association of Georgia, the South Georgia Medical association, and the American Medical association. He is an enthusiastic Mason, and is a member of. Vedalia chapter of royal arch Masons, at Vedalia, Ga. He is also a member of Rush lodge of I. O. O. F., No. 48, Bruns
wick, Ga.

JUDSEN BEECH GEIGER, lawyer, Mount Vernon, Montgomery Co., Ga., son of Rev. Washington! L. and Catharine C. (Tillman) Geiger, was born in Tattnall
county, Ga., March 20, 1864. His father was born in Effingham county, Ga., is a Baptist minister of considerable prominence, and to some extent connected with journalism, being now editor of the "Baptist Watchman," Abbeville, Ga. His mother was born in Tattnall county, and died in 1881. J. B. Geiger received an ordinary common school education, and then, under his father's instruction, learned the printer's art; and was business manager and associate editor of the "Bulloch Banner," Bulloch county, Ga., at the age of nineteen. After teaching school for two years he entered Mercer university, Macon, Ga., where he remained until the completion of his sophomore year. He then taught school again, and in
1889, entered the law school at the university of Georgia, whence he graduated with distinction, class of 1890. After an interval of two years, during which he engaged in teaching school a part of the time, he located in Mount Vernon and
commenced the practice of his profession, in which he is having excellent success, with a splendid future before him, being regarded as the coming man of his county. On the 27th day of May, 1894, he was happily united in marriage with
Miss Clifford E. Morrison, of Montgomery county.

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MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

QHARLES S. HAMILTON, fanner and merchant,'Montgomery county, Ga., son of Josiah and May (Poole) Hamilton, was born in Montgomery county,
Dec. 9,1831. His father was of Scotch descent, born in North Carolina in 1791, came to Georgia with the family in 1800 and settled in Montgomery county, where
he was reared a farmer. His mother was a native Georgian. Charles S. was sixth in birth of a family of eleven born to his parents. He received such educa
tion as was obtainable at the common schools of the county at the time, and he began life as a farmer. He enlisted in the army soon after the war began, and was detailed for duty in Georgia in CoL Clinch's regiment of cavalry, and was in the service three years. In 1860 he was elected justice of the peace and held the
office until he resigned fourteen years later. He was elected to represent the county in the general assembly in 1884, and served two years, during which he introduced a bill for the relief of disabled Confederate soldiers, which passed and was ratified by the people, and under which the Confederate soldiers are now receiving pensions. Mr. Hamilton has a very large farm and has besides very
extensive timber land possessions. In connection with his farming he has a very large general merchandise store at Higgston, where he has done and con
tinues to do a large business. From his store, his large farm and his extensive tracts of timber lands he enjoys a splendid income. Mr. Hamilton has been twice wedded. His first wife was Mrs. Jenkins, of Jefferson county, Ga., whom he married in 1857, and who died, childless, in 1862. His second wife was Miss Ruth Williams, born in 1844, daughter of Joshua Williams, of Tattnall county, by whom he has had eleven children, three of whom (all boys) died in infancy. The living children are: Charles L., born Feb. 25, 1870; Benja
min F., born Feb. 6, 1872, married Miss Effie Williamson, daughter of A. J. Williamson, of Montgomery county; Mollie L., born May 23, 1874, now Mrs. Emerson Almand, Montgomery county; George W-, born Aug. 10, 1877; Claudius W., born Oct 20,1879; Ruth L., born May 24,1883; Arthur, born Aug. II, 1886, and a boy baby, born March 16, 1893, not named. Mr. Hamilton's father lost a large amount of property by the war, and he was a large slave-holder himself. He lives on an extensive farm at Kibbee, Montgomery Co., in the enjoy ment of robust health and an ample competency, an interesting family and
thousands of friends. Mr. Hamilton is a royal arch Mason.

DETER JOHNSON, farmer, Montgomery county, Ga., son of Alexander and Mary (Wester) Johnson, was born in Montgomery county, Oct. 24, 1843. His
father, a son of Peter Johnson, a native of Scotland, was born in Robeson county, N. C, Jan. 29, 1810, and came to Montgomery county when a young man. He
was a shoemaker, blacksmith and gunsmith. Guns and rifles that he made are in possession of members of the family now. He died in March, 1886. Mrs. Mary Johnson, now living, was born Sept 23, 1817, and was married March 9, 1837. The education of Mr. Johnson was as good as the county schools at that time af forded. He enlisted in Company E, the first organized in the county, Sixty-first Georgia regiment The company, Capt Charles W. McArthur, was a part of Lawton's, afterward Gordon's brigade, Early's division, EwelTs corps. The
command left Georgia for Virginia in the spring of 1862, where it remained until the close of the war. Mr. Johnson was shot through the left side and wounded in the hips and left on the field at the battle of Gettysburg, where he was taken
prisoner. When sufficiently recovered he was paroled and came home. As soon as he was exchanged he returned to the army, and re-entered his old company.
At the battle of Cold Harbor he was again wounded, was given a furlough and came home to recover. He met Sherman's army on its march through Georgia,

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573

was taken prisoner and held till the close of the war. He and others were locked up in the courthouse, Sandersville, Ga., and while thus confined some Federal soldiers set fire to the building. Gen. Sherman rode up and ordered the release of the prisoners just in time to save their lives. For eight years succeeding the war Mr. Johnson followed timbering down the river, and then turned his atten tion to farming. In 1882 he established a saw-milling and cotton-ginning business, which he has continued till now, satisfactorily to his patrons and profit ably to himself. Mr. Johnson was married to Miss Mary Lou, born May 27, 1843, daughter of W. D. W. C. and Martha (Sharp) Connor. To them the fol lowing children have been born: Ella Victoria, born May 24, 1871; Mrs. E. J. Wells, Montgomery county; Willie A., born June 28, 1875, and Mattie Elizabeth, born Oct 16,1880. He is now enjoying a quiet and pleasant home-life on his farm at Long Pond, Ga.
JOHN W. M'ARTHUR, farmer, Montgomery county, Ga., son of John and and Nancy (McLeod) McArthur, was born in Montgomery county, September,
1838. His father was born in Robeson county, N. C, in 1797, came to Georgia when a boy and settled in Montgomery county, where he lived a farmer until his death in 1853, at the age of fifty-six years. He once represented the county in the senate of the general assembly. Mr. McArthur's mother was born in North Carolina in 1816, and was the daughter of James McLeod, a native of Scotland. She died in 1888, at the age of seventy-two years. John W. McArthur was the first son and the fifth born of eleven children, who all lived to be grown, and of whom eight are still living. He was reared a fanner, and he is a farmer yet, but every year he ships timber by river to Darien. The first two years of the war he was a justice of the inferior court He afterward enlisted and was in Anderson's brigade, Phillips' division, and was at Atlanta when besieged in 1864. Dur ing the march through Georgia he was severely wounded in an engagement with Sherman's army at Griswoldville, near Macon. Mr. Arthur married Miss Louisa, daughter of Thomas B. and Elizabeth (Smith) Calhoun; she was born Aug. 25, 1844, ad bre him two children: John Henry, born Sept 6, 1861, physician, Long Pond, Ga., and Willie T., born Feb. 6, 1863, manufacturer of naval stores, Montgomery county. Mrs. McArthur died Feb. 27, 1863. Mr. McArthur was next married March 20, 1866, to Mary C., daughter of John B. and Maria (Connor) Ryals, who was born May 14, 1848. Mrs. Ryals was the daughter of Rev. Wilson Connor. Three children have been born to Mr. and Mrs. McArthur: Ferdinand F., born Dec. 5, 1866, merchant, Alley, Ga.; Alex ander Bruce, born July 15, 1875, now a student, Mercer university, Macon, Ga., and Ada Maria, born Aug. 17, 1880. Mr. McArthur is a master Mason, is much respected as a citizen and as a member of a very numerous and influential family. He lives at Dry Pond, the center of the county.

JOHN M'ARTHUR, farmer, Montgomery county, Ga., was born in Robeson county, N. C., in 1797, and died in 1853, aged fifty-six years. He came to
Georgia when a boy and settled in the eastern part of Montgomery county, where he farmed until he died. He once represented the county in the senate of the general assembly. His wife, Miss Nancy McLeod, was born in North Carolina in 1816, and was the daughter of James McLeod, a native of Scotland. She died in 1888, aged seventy-two.
r\UNCAN M'ARTHUR, farmer, Montgomery county, Ga., seventh child of John and Nancy (McLeod) McArthur, was born in Montgomery county Dec.
25, 1843. He enlisted the second year of the war in the Seventh Georgia cavalry,

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MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

under the command of CoL Millen, and remained on guard duty until the last year of the war, when the command was sent to join Gen. Young in Gen. Wade Hampton's division. He was so fortunate as to escape injury and captivity, and when he left the army returned to the farm. But he makes his home with his brother, William H. McArthur.

WILLIAM H. M'ARTHUR, farmer, Montgomery county, Ga., ninth child

of John and Nancy (McLeod) McArthur, was born in Montgomery county

Feb. 24,1848. He was reared on a farm and his life-occupation has been that of

a farmer. He married Miss Florence, daughter of Christopher and Charity

(McCrimson) McRae, Dec. 9, 1886. They have no living children, the only one

born to them having died when three years old. He has a nice, comfortable home

at Long Pond, where he and his unmarried brother, Duncan, quietly enjoy their

competency.

,

P)UXCAN M'ARTHUR was born in Georgia, was a prosperous farmer in Montgomery county, and died when about forty years of age. His father was
a native of Scotland. Mr. McArthur married Miss Eliza McLeod, who after his death married again, and now is Mrs. Mozo, of Eastman, Dodge Co., Ga. Two sons were the fruit of this marriage: John J. and W. McArthur, both living.

JOHN J. M'ARTHUR, farmer, Montgomery county, Ga., son of Duncan and Eliza (McLeod) McArthur, was born in Montgomery county, near the line
of Tattnall, Aug. 17, 1838. 'His educational advantages were good, having at tended the best schools in the county. His occupation has been that of a farmer chiefly. In 1861 he enlisted in Company C, Sixty-first Georgia regiment, Col. J. H. Lamar, and was made second lieutenant of the company. While stationed on Jekyl island he left the company and returned home Soon afterward he was elected captain of Company C, Seventh Georgia regiment, Georgia state troops and, serving in Gen. Johnston's and Hood's armies, participated in the battles around Atlanta. Returning home after the war he was elected in 1868 and again in 1878, to represent the county in the general assembly. In 1871-72 he was engaged in the commission business in Savannah, then abandoned it and has since devoted himself to his farm interests, excepting the time needed to perform the duties of justice of the peace, an office he has held for twenty years. He mar ried Miss Marie E., daughter of William Patterson, of Bryan county, born April, 1851, and died Oct 8, 1888, by whom he had one child, Marion Udell, born Aug. i, 1877, and who died Aug. 17, 1889, and was regarded by all who knew her as a child of remarkable promise. Mr. McArthur is a master Mason and commands the respect and confidence of his fellow-citizens.

JAMES M'ARTHUR, farmer, Montgomery county, Ga., second son of Duncan and Eliza (McLeod) McArthur, was born in Montgomery county in 1840. Re
ceiving the best education the county schools afforded he attended Trinity college, N. C., in 1859-60, but his studies were interrupted by the war. Since leaving college he has devoted himself to cultivating and improving his farm and ship ping timber to Darien. Mr. McArthur was married March 14, 1867, to Eliza, born Jan. 21, 1842, daughter of Thomas B. and Sarah A. Connor. Mr. and Mrs. McArthur have had born to them the following named children, besides three which died: Walter Benton, born Feb. 15, 1868; Willie Theodore, born Dec. 8, 1869; James Jefferson, born Nov. 13, 1871; John J., born Sept 8,1873; L. Anna, born Dec. 23, 1879; Torem C., born Nov. 8, 1882, and Mary Clyde, born Jan.

MONTGOMERY COUNTY SKETCHES.

575

10, 1885. He is enjoying life on* his farm surrounded by his interesting family. Mr. McArthur is a master Mason.

JOHN HENRY M'ARTHUR, M. D., Long Pond, Montgomery Co., Ga., son of John W. and Louisa (Calhoun) McArthur, was born in Montgomery county
Sept. 6,1861. His father was also born in Montgomery county in 1838, and is still living, a very successful fanner, and one of its most highly-esteemed and influential citizens. His mother was a daughter of Thomas B. Calhoun--was born Aug. 25, 1844, and died Feb. 27, 1883. Dr. McArthur received the best education the high schools of the county could bestow. He attended courses of lectures during the winters of 1882-3 and 1883-4 at the medical college of Georgia, Augusta, and in the spring of 1884 graduated with distinction, being third-honor member of his class. He located at once at Long Pond, Montgomery Co., where he has established an excellent reputation, and been very successful, professionally and financially. Since 1887 he has been engaged, also, with his brother, W. T. McArthur, in the manu facture of naval stores, and has also operated a farm. Dr. McArthur married Miss Anna L.--born Oct 2, 1868--a daughter of Dr. J. E^ Mobley, Jan. i, 1890, by whom he has had two children: John Herman, born Nov. 16, 1891, and Char lotte Louisa, born April 14, 1893. Dr. McArthur enjoys to the fullest extent the esteem and confidence of the people.

WALTER T. M'ARTHUR, deceased, of Montgomery county, Ga., the fifth of nine children of Duncan and Elizabeth (McLauchlin) McArthur, was born in
Montgomery county, Ga., Aug. 3, 1837, and was of distinguished Scotch ancestry. His father was a native of Tattnall county, Ga., and his mother a native of Argyleshire, Scotland. His ancestors were among the first Scotch families who came from Scotland and settled, in 1747, in Cumberland and Robeson counties. His great-grandfather was a young man when he came over; and was a soldier in the revolutionary army, from North Carolina. His grandfather was born during that memorable struggle, May 25, 1780. This branch of the McArthur family trace their origin to the original chieftain of the highland clan Campbell, of Scotland, a distinction recorded down to the time of the reign of James I of England. Mr. McArthur's father was a farmer, a man of superior intelligence and great influence. He represented Montgomery county--sometimes in the house, sometimes in the senate--in the general assembly. His father died Oct 17, 1877, aged seventyfour years, and his mother in August, 1885, aged eighty years. Walter T. McArthur enjoyed excellent educational advantages, and was a student of Trinity college, North Carolina, when the war between the states began. Coming home, he enlisted in the Confederate service, in which he remained until the war closed. He was with the forces defending Atlanta during the siege, and in front of the Federal army when marching through Georgia. In an engagement at Griswoldville, Ga., he received a slight wound in the foot Being tendered a position as civil engineer on the Macon & Brunswick railway, he was detailed by the secretary of war for that purpose. After the war he was employed by Hon. William E. Dodge (for whom Dodge county was named), to look after his large real estate interests in Georgia. Mr. McArthur was also engaged in the real estate business <-n his own account for years, and was exceptionally successful. From 1868 to 1871 Mr. McArthur represented the fifteenth district in the senate of the general assembly. He was a member of three national democratic conventions, viz.: At St Louis, in 1876; at Chicago, in 1884, and at Chicago, in 1892, and voted in two conventions for the nomination of Grover Cleveland. Mr. McArthur was married, in 1880, to Miss Victoria, daughter of William and Sarah Ryder, of Bibb county, Ga. To them three children have been born: Addison Arthur, named

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MEMOIRS OP GEORGIA.

for two brothers, who died during the war; Douglas Stuart, named for two powerful Scottish clans, and William Ryder, named for his grandfather, who
died when young. Mrs. McArthur's father, who was considered one of the best educators in that part of the state, was a native of Liverpool, England, and when W. T. McArthur went to Europe, Mr. Ryder accompanied him, visiting England for the first time in fifty years. Mr. McArthur left one of the most beautiful homes in Georgia, about five miles northeast of Lumber City. Having traveled and seen much of the world, being well educated and possessing an unusual fund of infor mation, of genial disposition, and being large-hearted, his friends were, during his
lifetime here, entertained with lavish hospitality. Masonically, Mr. McArthur was outranked by few in Georgia, having passed through all the thirty-two degrees, and being a member of Yaarab Temple, Ancient Arabic Order Nobles Mystic Shrine.
He was also a Knight of Pythias. His death occurred Dec. 16, 1894. While in Atlanta he was taken sick with congestion of the brain, and only lived a few days after being removed to his home.

QEORGE M. TROUP M'LEOD, farmer, Montgomery county, Ga., son of
Angus and Nancy C. (McMillan) McLeod, was born in Montgomery county Jan. i, 1827. There were seven children, all of whom lived to be grown and
married, but of whom, the subject of this sketch, the youngest, is the only one
living. Angus McLeod, his father, was born in Scotland, and was brought by his
father, Alexander McLeod, to the United States the latter part of the last century, when he was quite young--at the time when so many Scotch emigrants came to
this country and settled in Richmond county, N. C. About the year 1800 Mr. McLeod's grandfather, Alexander McLeod, removed from North Carolina to, and
settled in, Montgomery county, Ga. Mr. McLeod's father, Angus McLeod, was
born Nov. 10, 1774. He became a large slave-owner, and was a slave dealer down
to the time of the suppression of the slave trade; after that he dealt in real estate on a large scale, and acquired immense tracts of land. He died Sept 4,1827, of yellow
fever, contracted in Savannah. Mr. McLeod's mother was the daughter of Archi
bald McMillan, also a Scotch emigrant to North Carolina, and who, later, removed to Georgia. She was born Nov. 15, 1780, and died Mav 4, 1852. Mr.
McMillan became a very prominent citizen in Montgomery county. He had a
family of eight children--two sons and six daughters. Malcolm McMillan, one of these sons, came from North Carolina to Montgomery county in 1800, and pitched
his camp near an oak tree on the tract of land where Vidalia now stands. One of his children died, and was buried there under an oak tree; the spot became the family burying ground. Mr McMillan built a house and made his home near-by.
He erected a Presbyterian house of worship--which was the second meeting house built in the county. The first Presbyterian preacher was Rev. Murphy McMillan,
a distant relative of Malcolm, who subsequently became his son-in-law. Margaret McMillan, sister of Malcolm, married Charles McKinnon, and reared thirteen children--eleven sons and two daughters--all- of whom became prominent people. The eleven sons were all men of tall stature and massive frames, and settled mostly in Telfair county. Alexander Talmage McLeod, brother of George, was born May
28,1817, and died in 1869. He was a man of much force of character, and a very prominent citizen. He was clerk of the superior court a number of years, and twice represented the county in the general assembly. He married Miss Nancy McCrimmon, a member of one of the first of the Scotch families which settled in this
part of the state. William Archibald McLeod, another brother of George, was
born May 27,1821, and died Aug. 27, 1867. He was, for a period of twenty years prior to his death, county surveyor of Montgomery county, and work of his, on the
original grants, is among the records in the secretary of state's office in Atlanta.

MONTGOMERY COUNTY SKETCHES.

577

He married Miss Adams, a daughter of Wylie Adams. Margaret McLeod, his oldest sister, was born Feb. 20, 1812, was married to Daniel McLeod, and died Aug. 31, 1830. Delilah McLeod, the next oldest sister, was born Jan. 6, 1814, married Charles McCrimmon, who twice represented Montgomery county in the general assembly. She died in 1893. Catharine A. McLeod, the next sister, was
born May, 28, 1819, married George McCrimmon, of Montgomery county, and died in May, 1894. Nancy C. McLeod, his youngest sister, was born June 27,1824, married Matthew Sharp, Montgomery county, and died Dec. 9, 1862. George M. T. McLeod received the best education the county schools could give him, and then attended one of the best private academies in North Carolina one year. From 1851 to 1855 he was a merchant in Savannah. Returning to Montgomery county he was surveyor and agent for the Georgia Land and Lumber company, continu ing his relations with them until 1858. He enlisted earlv in the war, and June 29, 1861, he was commissioned by Gov. Brown captain of the first company ever raised in Montgomery county for Confederate service. Before taking up his com mission he was three times elected captain, and, on account of some dissention among disappointed office-seekers, lie refused to take the company out. Later, he enlisted in the Twentieth battalion, Georgia cavalry, which command was mainly employed in coast service. In May, 1864, he went to Virginia, and was in Capt. Williams' company, and was in Hampton's brigade. Young's division. In the engagement at How's shop, his battalion, not half of which was present, was almost annihilated. After this he was in Cobb's and in Phillips', and fought in various commands. In the engagement at Trevilian's Station, he was severely wounded in the hip, the effect of which he feels at the present time. Since the war Mr. McLeod has given his attention to farming. On the inauguration of the present school system, he was appointed county school commissioner. He was commissioned as a delegate to the cotton states convention, at Vicksburg, Miss., by Gov. McDaniel; and after that, appointed to represent his section of the state in the Piedmont exposition, and was also a member of the interstate agricultural convention, at Atlanta. For a number of years he has been reporter, for his part of the state, for the State Agricultural association, and for the weather bureau, at Atlanta. Mr. McLeod has been postmaster of Stirling, Ga., for fifty years, beginning with the
time when it was one of the only two in the county. Mr. McLeod has been twice married. His first wife was Miss Josephine L. Ryals, who was a daughter of Joseph and Lucy (Connor) Ryals, to whom he was married Jan. 23,1856. She was born Feb. 22, 1833, and died Nov. 12, 1859. She was a sister of Rev. James G. Ryals, D. D., who was professor of the theological department of Mercer uni versity, Macon, Ga. By this marriage Mr. McLeod had three children. George W., born Oct. 10, 1856, is a farmer, and contractor and builder. He married Miss Ida Phillips, of Tattnall county, has seven children, and lives at Altamaha, Ga. Georgiana J., the second child, was born March 5, 1858, married William Wilkes, Montgomery county, and has ten children. Mary R., the youngest, was born Nov. i, 1859, married Philip A. McQueen, Montgomery county, and died in December, 1893, leaving five children. His second wife was Miss Imogene Stripling, daughter of Alexander Stripling, of Tattnall county, whowas born Jan. 5, 1848, and whom he married Jan. 26, 1865. Two children have blessed this union: Roderick Dhu, born Nov. 30,1865, and a physician, a graduate of Atlanta Medical college, and is located at Lyons, Ga., where he is prominent in his profession, and has a lucrative practice, and has a drug store; and Robert Bruce, born May 29,1868. Mr. McLeod is a leading and enthusiastic Mason; was a member of the first lodge instituted in the county, and has been a charter
member of three lodges.
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578

MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

QHRISTOPHER M'RAE, farmer, Montgomery Co., Ga., son of John and Margaret (McRae) McRae, was boni in Marlboro district, S. C., Dec. 15, 1815.
His father was born and reared in the same district, and was a farmer by occupa tion ; his mother was a native of Richmond county, N. C. The family moved to Telfair county, Ga., in 1815, where the father died at the age of seventy-seven years. Mr. McRae received such education as could be obtained in his youth in the dis trict schools, and at the age of sixteen embarked in merchandsing. He continued in business for twelve years, and was postmaster in Mount Vernon during the Indian war in Florida. After relinquishing the mercantile trade he engaged in farming and rafting timber down the Ocmulgee and Altamaha to Darien, and still continues his fanning operations. He was too old for military service when the late hostilities began, but was a member of the board of examiners. Before the close of the war he went as far as Savannah to enter actual service, but was turned back on account of age and feebleness. Mr. McRae married Miss Charity McCrimmon, who was born in Montgomery county, Ga., April 28, 1829, and was the daughter of Duncan McCrimmon, a native of Marlboro district, S. C. By this wife who died July 21, 1853, he became the father of three children: Duncan J., Brooks county, manufacturer of naval stores; Florence, Mrs. William MeArthur, Montgomery county; Charity, deceased wife of J. Eugene Hicks, Dublin, Laurens Co., Ga. On Jan. 19,1859. Mr. McRae married Miss Margaret McCrimmon, born Feb. 28, 1834, who has borne him four children: Colen, born Dec. 9, 1861; Charles D., born Feb. 17, 1864, practicing physician, Rochelle, Wilcox Co., Ga.; Franklin M., born 1867, and Lochlan, born April 12, 1869. Mr. McRae is one of Montgomery county's most substantial citizens, ranks deservedly high, and is
a man of great influence.
JOHN M'RAE, fanner, Montgomery county, Ga., son of Farquhar and Isabella (McCrimmon) McRae, was born in Montgomery county, Ga., July 16, 1824.
His father was born in Scotland, and he was three years old when his parents came .to the United States and .settltd in Robeson county, N. C. He died in Mont gomery county, Ga., in March, 1838. His mother, born in Robeson county, N. C., in 17/8, died in Montgomery county, in November, 1868. John McRae was reared on the family farm, and received such education as was obtainable at the
common country schools in his locality at that time. In 1848, when twenty-four years of age, he was elected justice of the peace, and in 1852 he was elected a justice of the inferior court, in which capacity he served the county, having been continuously re-elected, until 1868, when the court was abolished. In 1850 he was elected to represent Montgomery county in the convention called to consider Federal relations--questions pertaining to the acquisition and annexation of new territory, whether slave or free. In 1851-52 he was elected senator from the district composed of Appling and Montgomery counties, and again in 1857-59. In redistricting the state, Montgomery count}- was transferred from the sixth to the fifteenth district, and in 1861 Mr. McRae was elected senator. In 1872, and again in 1882, he was elected to represent Montgomery count}- in the general assembly. Mr. McRae is now one of the county commissioners, an office without emolument, to which he has been continuously elected for ten years. From 1869 to 1882 he conducted general merchandise stores at Little York and Scotland, and in 1890 began his present business, the manufacture of naval stores. About 1849 Mr. McRae married Miss Mar}- L. Brantley, born July 17, 1829, in Laurens county, by whom he had four children, two of whom are living: Isabella, Mrs. John \V. Clement, and Christina, Mrs. John G. Bright John W. Clement was born Oct 17, 1850, and is now the father of eight children. The deceased children of Mr. McRae. Margaret and Harriet, died at the respective ages of fourteen and

MONTGOMERY COUNTY SKETCHES.

579

nine years. Mrs. McRae died in April, 1883. Mr. McRae has been a prominent and useful citizen, and is now one of the most influential citizens in Montgomery
count}'. The esteem in which he is held and the confidence reposed in him are evidenced by the many offices with which he has been honored, and by the fact that now, at his advanced age, his fellow-citizens insist on keeping him in official position.

MATTHEW SHARP, farmer, Montgomery county, Ga., son of Grove and Annie (Higgs) Sharp, was born in Tattnall county, Ga., June 29, 1824. His
grandfather, Grove Sharp, Sr., was of English parentage. His father was born June 18, 1802, and died Jan. 5, 1865. Mr. Sharp's parents had twelve children-- Matthew being the first born--eleven of whom are living: Matthew; Martha, born Sept. 28, 1825 (Mrs. W. D. W. Connor); Littleton, born Feb. 20, 1827, farmer, Montgomery county, married Caroline McAllister; Hiram, born Nov. 28, 1828, farmer, married, first, Miss Mary Hughes, second, Miss E. Cribb; Caroline, born Oct. n, 1830, widow of James C. Connor, who .died during the war; Hamilton, born Aug. 30, 1832, died July 22, 1862, also during the war; Willie, born Dec. n, 1834, farmer, Tattnall county, married, first, Miss Edith Moses, second, Miss Susan Brewer; Rebecca Ann, born Dec. 22, 1836 (Mrs. John Sharp); Elizabeth, born Nov. 24,1838 (Mrs. John Peterson, Montgomery county); Mary, born Nov. 22, 1840 (Mrs. Alexander Hughes); Nancy Higgs, born March 28. 1843 (Mrs. M. D. Peterson); William Henry, born Jan. 24, 1847, farmer, married Miss Emily Gibbs. Matthew Sharp worked on the farm and attended school during his boyhood until of age, and then commencing farming, which has since been his occupation. About 1849 he was elected tax receiver and collector; this was when the two offices were united. During his incumbency they were separated, and he filled one or the other for several years. In 1859 he was elected to represent the county in the general assembly. At the end of his term he enlisted in Company A, Twentieth Georgia battalion cavalry. A few months afterward a new company was organized--Company F--and he was made first lieutenant of it, a position he retained, although often offered promotion, until he returned to take his seat in the general assembly, having been elected to represent the county. Since then he has been elected to several offices in the county. Mr. Sharp has been twice married. His first wife was Miss Nancy C., daughter of Angus and Nancy C. (McMillan) McLeod, born June 27, 1824, to whom he was married Jan. i, 1852. Her parents were of Scotch descent, and she died Dec. 9, 1862, leaving five children: Annie C., born Dec. 23, 1853 (Mrs. John D. McLeod, Telfair county); William H., born Jan. 26, 1855, farmer, married Miss Jennie Carlisle; Elizabeth L., born April 20, 1857 (Mrs. John A. Galbraith, farmer, Montgomery county); Catharine A., born Feb. 12,1859 (Mrs. James D. McGregor, Montgomery county); Franklin M., born Nov. 23, 1860. Mr. Sharp's second wife was Miss Ann, daughter of Thompson G. and Elizabeth (Wester) Gibbs, born May 29. 1845, to whom he was married April 6, 1865, and who has borne him two children: Robert Lee, born Nov. 24, 1872, and Nancy Udell, born Oct 20, 1878. . He lives on a fine farm in the eastern part of the county, and is a master Mason. "

CIMEON SIKES, farmer, Montgomery county, Ga., son of Matthew G. and Sarah (Wood) Sikes, was bofn in Wilkinson county, Ga., Oct. 3, 1822. His
father was born March 21, 1787, in North Carolina, and was partly reared in that state, and died in Georgia in May, 1863. His mother was born in 1788, and died July 30, 1849. Of their eight children four are now living. When a young man "Simeon Sikes farmed a few years in Houston county, and then went to Tampa

58

MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

Bay, Hillsboro Co., Fla., but in a short time returned to Houston county. After living in Houston three years he went back to Alachua county, Fla., remaining a year, and then concluded to try Houston county again. Leaving Houston at the end of four years he removed to Clinch county, Ga., whence, after two years' sojourn, he removed, in 1859, * Montgomery county, which he decided to make, and which became, his permanent home. He was reared a fanner, and has been one all his life--a part of the time, however, conducting a sawmill in con nection with his farm. He was a member of the second of two regiments of state troops raised for duty in Georgia. He entered the service under Capt. (afterward Col.) Storey. He was elected tax receiver in 1881 and served two years. He is now school commissioner of the county. Mr. Sikes was married Dec. 16, 1845, to Miss Elizabeth Bone, born in North Carolina March 4, 1824, daughter of Richard and Isabella (McArthur) Bone. Mr. and Mrs. Bone were natives of North Carolina, but died in Georgia. To Mr. and Mrs. Sikes children have been born as follows: Columbus H., born Nov. 14, 1846, married Miss Mary Graham, and is now farming in Telfair county; Laura Isabella, born April 6, 1848, is Mrs. Leonard F. Hinson, Montgomery county; Sarah Emeline, born Jan. 9, 1851, is wife of Mr. James J. Mobley, farmer, Montgomery county; Mary
Jeannette, born Jan. 4, 1853; Florence Elizabeth, born April 19, 1855, is now Mrs. Henry Cook, farmer, Coffee-county, Ga.; Eliza Jane, born Sept 15, 1856, is now Mrs. J. Lowry Clements, farmer, Montgomery county; Martha Ellen, born July 17, 1858, is Mrs. Avery B. Clements, farmer, Montgomery county; Henrietta R., born Feb. 20,1860, is Mrs. F. R. Mann, Telfair county, Ga.; Aleph Thomas, born Oct. 21, 1861, married Gabriel M. Clements, and is a farmer of Montgomery county. Mr. Sikes has never belonged to any secret society, nor has he ever signed any pledge or taken upon himself any obligation not strictly required by the laws of the state. He has always dealt fairly with his fellow-men and enjoys their
confidence and respect

JESSE M. WALL, farmer, Montgomery county, Ga., son of William D. and Sarah (Gowin) Wall, was born in Montgomery county March 21, 1816. He
was the sixth of his parents' children, and is the only one now living. His father
was born and reared in Camden district, S. C., and came to Georgia in 1816. He
was a farmer, but when a young man he taught school. Mrs. Sarah Wall died in 1856, and her husband in 1859. Jesse M. Wall was given a good common school education in the county schools, and has followed farming all his life. His fellowcitizens, however, appreciating his ability and fitness, have not allowed him to entirely escape the responsibilities of public life. In 1844, when he was twenty-
eight years of age, he was elected sheriff, and was continued in the office six years. He was then elected a justice of the inferior court, and held the office sixteen years. In 1878-79 he represented the fifteenth senatorial district in'the general assembly. Mr. Wall was married March 21, 1839, to Miss Martha L., born March 30, 1818, daughter of Rev. Wilson Connor, associate founder of Mercer university. Mr. and Mrs. Wall reared three children: John W., born June 8, 1852, married to Miss Mollie Mozo, Eastman, Ga., where he now lives; Fannie, born Feb. 22, 1849, Mrs. John Smith, Telfair county; William D., born Sept 3, 1855, who lives at die old homestead near Lumber City, Ga., taking care of his father in his old age. Mrs. Martha L. Wall died June 24, 1887.

MORGAN COUNTY SKETCHES.

581

MORGAN COUNTY.
MR- A. ATKINSON, deceased, and a noted contractor and for many years an eminent and respected citizen of Madison, was born in New Hampshire in
1816, and was a son of Silas and Sarah (Hutchers) Atkinson. He came to Georgia in 1836 and located in Columbia and helped defend that place from the Indians. He was a contractor and built many of the court houses, jails and bridges, and many large manufactories in Georgia. He was long a Mason and held high honors in that fraternity. In 1839 he married Martha J. Forte, and of this union ten children are living, viz.: Charles D.f Norcellus, H. O., Silas, Hale, Eugene, Belle, Emma, I. M. and May. The mother was born in Baldwin county, Ga., and was of one of the oldest leading families in Georgia. She lived until 1892. Mr. Atkinson was in the state militia during the war. He was an enterprising man, with much'energy and possessed of the best habits, and was honored by all.
ATKINSON. The Atkinson family occupies an important position in the history of Georgia and embraces many prominent citizens. Mr. N. B. Atkinson, a well-
known resident of Morgan county, born in New Hampshire in 1819, is the son of Judge Daniel C. and Mahala (Tilton) Atkinson, natives of the granite state. Mr. N. B. Atkinson spent the first thirty years of his life in the New England states and received a liberal education. He came to Georgia and took up a home in Madison in 1850, traveling for a wholesale house of New York. He had been married in 1847 to Zapharine D. Robinson, and having had experi ence in the drug business, he was during the war stationed in the hospital at Augusta. After the close of hostilities he went into the drug business in Madison and continued the same until 1882, when he retired from business. Mrs. At kinson is a dutiful member of the Baptist church and her husband is a Mason and Odd Fellow, who has taken the high degrees of the orders. He is one of Madison's most substantial and respected citizens, and is highly esteemed by all who are so fortunate as to know him.
12 ROOKS. The Brooks family of Morgan county descend from William Brooks, a native of Virginia, who came to Georgia previous to 1800. He
settled in Walton county and cleared up a farm, and when the United States was called on the battlefield with Great Britain in 1812 he shouldered his flint lock musket and took part in the war. A son, Larkin, was born on the farm in Walton county in 1805, and when about eighteen years old went out with a sur veying party engaged in establishing the boundary line between Georgia and Alabama. Upon his return he went to South Carolina, where he met a Miss Jones, daughter of a planter of that state, and the new made man and wife re turned to Walton county, and began life under prospects of sunshine. His wife died in a few years and Mr. Brooks took for his second wife Permelia J., daughter of Austin and Mary J. (Mayne) Clements. The Clements were early residents of Morgan county, and came overland from their native state of Virginia. While en route on this journey, which was an important event in the lives and fortunes of the family, Miss Matilda Clements, a sister of Mrs. Brooks, fell out of the wagon while a river was being crossed and her life was only saved through the almost superhuman efforts of the father. Mr. Clements became one of Morgan county's best citizens and successful farmers. Larkin Brooks fought against the Creek Indians and became one of the substantial farmers of his day. He was a good

582

MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

Christian and a strict member of the Missionary Baptist church. Mr. Charles
G. Brooks, youngest son of Larkin Brooks, spent his early life on the farm and grappled with learning as the opportunities were presented to him, with the satis faction of obtaining a good common school education. In March, 1864, he enlisted in Company D, Third Georgia regiment, under Capt J. K. Wright, CoL Snede. He \vas made a guard of Hill's ordnance wagons and was always in a bomb-proof position. In October, 1864, he was transferred to the ranks and re mained there until the surrender. Since the war, with a devoted mother, Mrs. Permelia J. Brooks, and a loving sister, Miss Lizzie Brooks, he has spent a
happy and successful life at the homestead on their farm near Madison, engaged in farming. He is of the Baptist faith, and has served as deacon of his church
since 1871. He is a member of the jury commissioners and a citizen of which the county is proud.

JOHN W. BURNEY, farmer, Godfrey, was born and reared in Morgan county; he first saw the light of day Dec. 2, 1829, and is the son of Thomas J. and
Cornelia (Walker) Bumey. The father was born in Greene county, Ga., in 1801, and came to what is now Morgan county in 1806, where he cleared a farm and built a home. He was a son of John and Elizabeth (Walker) Burney. The grandfather was a native of Ireland. Mrs. Thomas J. Burney was the daughter of Isaac and Martha Jane Walker. John W. Burney grew up in Madison, where he received his early educational training. He matriculated at Mercer university, at Penfield in 1845, apd was graduated in 1848. He went to Cave Spring and taught two years in the Horn high school, and a year or two in the Dunn school with Oliver P. Fannin as principal. He then taught a select school in Madison and returned to the farm, where he now lives. This place was given him by his maternal grandfather, and for a few years he kept bachelor's hall there. In June, 1855, he married Fannie C. Walker. She was a niece and ward of A. Reese and a daughter of Alexander and Caroline (Reese) Walker. The union has been blessed with six children, three of whom are living: William, Crawford and Julia. The mother was born in Greene county, but reared in Morgan. Both husband and wife are members of the Baptist church, and Mr. Burney is a Mason high in the degrees. He was exempt from service during the war. but joined "Joe Brown's pets" and served six months. In 1866 and 1867 he served as judge of the county court and in 1890-91 represented Morgan county in the legislature. He was an able legislator and a leader in measures of in terest to the farmers. He is a member of the board of education of the county. During the war Mr. Burney was a commissary agent to get up the supplies for the soldiers and a large amount of pork that went to feed the families of the soldiers away in the war was raised on the farm of Mr. Burney and found its way to the larder without any requisition from or cost to the Confederate govern ment He is a big-hearted, kind and sympathetic man, and when he found soldiers needy, or their families in want, he did not wait on formality or red tape, but supplied them. At the close of the war the Confederate states owed him over $100,000, and all the money he had was twenty-five dollars in bills of the Con federacy. The Burney family occupies a high place in the political and civil history of Georgia, and John W. Burney is one of Morgan county's most dis
tinguished citizens.

I L. CHEXEY, an old farmer and much-respected citizen of Morgan county, was born there on March 27, 1820, and \ras the son of Thomas B. and
Lucy (Middlebrooks) Cheney. The parents were natives of Maryland and came

MORGAN COUNTY SKETCHES.

583

to Georgia about 1780. Mr. L. L. Cheney has been a farmer all his life, and was united at an early age with the Baptist church. He has been frequently solicited to run for political offices, but has always declined, preferring the quietude of a farmer's life. Mr. Cheney's father was reared in Wilkes county, and came to
Morgan county in 1808, where he lived till his death. He was the son of John Cheney, a native of Virginia, who came to Georgia about 1800, and served in the second war with Great Britain. Mr. Cheney's mother--Lucy Middlebrooks--was a daughter of Isaac Middlebrooks, a native of Virginia, and a settler in Georgia in 1800. Mr. L. L. Cheney was reared in Georgia, an8 his education was obtained from the meager advantages afforded by the old log school-house. He was mar
ried, in 1843, to Elizabeth Spence, daughter of George and Mary (Knight) Spence, and they had born to them five children--two of whom are living--George F. and Francis. The mother was born and grew to womanhood in Georgia, and, with
her husband, belongs to the Baptist church. Since 1851, Mr. Cheney has belonged to the masonic order. He has always been a farmer, and a most successful one. He has a fine estate near Rutledge.

JAMES A. FANNIN, farmer, Madison, was born on the old farm, where he now
lives, in 1821, and was the son of Jeptha and Catharine (Porter) Fannin. The father was a native of North Carolina, and came to Georgia about 1808, and settled on the land where the son now lives. All was then a dense woods, and the site of the home was cut out of the brush and trees, and in a log cabin, quickly built, the fearless pioneers began their new life. He helped organize the county,
and was the first clerk of the superior court. He was one of the first to volunteer in the second war with Great Britain, and an interesting and prized heirloom of the family is the sword the brave soldier wore in the war of 1812. He was in middle life when the war with the Creeks occurred, and was one of the Georgians to go to battle against the Indian foes. The mother of James A. Fannin was the daughter of Oliver and Elizabeth (Watson) Porter. The father was a soldier of the revo lutionary war, and after the struggle was ended, came to Georgia and settled in
Greene county. They were in the midst of Indians, and their block-house, erected in the woods, was the scene of frequent fights with the red skins. Mr. James Fannin was reared on the farm and obtained his education in the old log school-
house. In 1861, he enlisted in Company D, Third Georgia regiment, under CapL
James Reed, then Capt. Andrews and then Capt. James K. Wright. He was out one year, when he returned home, by reason of expiration of enlistment. He then joined the Joe Thompson battery, and was placed with Gen. Joseph E. Johnston,
and was in the battles of Bentonville, Soldiers' lane, and many skirmishes. After the
war he returned to the old home, where he has since lived. He has been a member of the masonic order since 1850, and lives on the land his father took up in the
original purchase, beside many acres which have been added to it by both of them. Mr. Fannin is a well-known and esteemed citizen of Morgan county.

IONAS H. HOLLAND, attorney, Madison, was born Nov. 26, 1843, and is tlie son of Jonas H. and Eunicie (White) Holland. The father was born in Virginia
and came to Georgia in 1816, on horseback, and took up a farm and built a home in Jasper county. His marriage was of a romantic type--he being only sixteen years old and his sweetheart a Virginian lass only thirteen. Their youth led to many objections on the part of parents in the "Old Dominion," but they were finally overcome by the assistance of an uncle, who signed his bond to take care of his wife, and a friendly minister, who made them man and wife. Placing his child-wife on a horse, he mounted another, and thus they journeyed to his new home, far away from parents, brother, sisters and friends. His wife died in 1818. and he

584

MEMOIRS OP GEORGIA.

remained a widower until 1826. Air. Holland's father was a son of Joseph J. and
Elizabeth Ann (Odom) Holland. Joseph was a native of Ireland, and came \vith his parents to America, when the colonies were subjected to the tyranny of Great Britain. He fought with the patriots, and attained the rank of colonel, and was twice wounded in battle. His parents were cruelly persecuted by the toriem, even to the extent of having their homes burned over thir heads. A memento of this heroic service to his country is an old flint-lock pistol, carefully preserved, in Mr. Holland's home--a treasure prized above all others by the family^ Mr. J. H. Holland's mother was born and grew up in Jones county, and was a faithful member of the Hardshell Baptist church. The son spent the ordinary life of a farmer boy, educating himself by reading, with a few opportunities of schooling. In 1861, he enlisted in the Glover guards and went to Virginia, but was not sworn in on account of his youth; so he returned home in Jasper county, to later join the militia. After the war he farmed until 1869, when he began the study of law, and was soon admitted. He was the first justice of the peace in the Monticello district after the war. In 1869 he married Kate Harris, daughter of Thomas and Martha (Peteet) Harris, and to them have been born five children--two of whom are living-- Thomas and Martha E. The mother has always lived in Morgan county, and belongs to the Baptist church, as does her husband. He has been a member of the
masonic fraternity since he reached his majority, and is a temperance man by example and teaching, never having drank a drop of liquor in his life. He has
frequently canvassed the county in behalf of teetotalism. In 1872-3 he was justice of the peace in Morgan county; and in 1883, as a member of the Baptist church, was appointed a delegate to a meeting in Monterey, Mexico. Besides his extensive law practice, he has always manifested great interest in farming and stock raising, and his efforts were instnimental in securing the first colt show ever held in Georgia, which was held at Madison, Aug. 12,1888.

\yARREX J. IVEY, farmer, Rutledge, was born in 1838, and is the son of \Vilkins S. I. and Jane (Herring) Ivey. The father was born in Greene county
in 1812, and came to Walton county when eight years old, and remained there until his death. He was judge of the Walton county superior court five years, and was sheriff thirty-six years, holding that position when he died. He was a prominent Mason, and an influential citizen. His father, and the grandfather of W. J. Ivey, was Jeremiah Ivey, who was a native of Virginia, and who came to Georgia about 1800" He built him a home in the thick woods of what is now Morgan county, and, clearing a farm, began life as a pioneer. He was a deacon in the Baptist church for years. Mrs. W. S. I. Ivey was a daughter of David Herring, who was a Vir ginian by birth and an early resident of Georgia. Mr. Warren J. Ivey was brought ID on the farm and attended the common schools. In 1862 he enlisted in Company D, Eleventh Georgia infantry, under CapL Nunnaly, and Col. Tige Anderson, but was sent home on account of severe rheumatism. Upon his recovery, a few
months later, he joined Company D, Second cavalry, CapL William Grant, Col. Gruse. in Gen. Forrest's command. He saw much active service and lots of hard fighting. At Murfreesboro, he was with Forrest when his cavalry captured 1,300 Federal infantry with three small regiments, and his company, dismounted, fought two days again near Murfreesboro. He was in east Tennessee, and had a hard fight at Sevierville, when his company surrendered, and he himself surrendered three times in one day and escaped eacli time. He was orderly sergeant of his com pany when it went to Chattanooga, and met Sherman, and had a hot time of it from there to Atlanta. He was in the battle of Perryville, Ky., and was at Salisbury, X. C.. at the time of the surrender. After hostilities had ceased he
returned to \Yalton county, Ga. His father gave him 125 acres of woodland, and

MORGAN COUNTY SKETCHES.

585

like his ancestors, he set to work to clear it and build himself a log cabin. In 1867 he married Sallie F. Cheney, daughter of Linton L. and Elizabeth (Spence) Cheney. By this union there are two children: Walter C, and Lillian. The mother was born and reared in Morgan county. Both are members of the Primitive Baptist church. He is a master Mason, and is one of the most successful and best farmers in the county. That he is a man who can get on in life with his neighbors is attested by the fact that he was never interested in a case in court, or never required as a witness.

DANSLEY B. MALLORY, farmer, Madison, was born in district No. 284 in 1827, and was the son of Horace and Anna (Rogers) Mallory. The
father was a native of Connecticut, and when a young man, by industrious application, established himself in the peddling and mercantile business. He married and then purchased a farm from his father-in-law and upon this erected
a large store and for years conducted a prosperous business. He was elected justice of the peace for many successive terms and discharged the duties satis factorily to all. The wife was a daughter of Robert and Lucy (Parish) Rogers.
They were natives of Virginia and came to Georgia in 1796, with his household goods stored in one of the old block wheel-carts of a century ago. He was one of the pioneers of Morgan county, prominent in the organization of the county and was a large farmer. Mr. R. B. Mallory now lives on a farm about
three miles distant from his birthplace, and is proud of the distinction of being a farmer. A deep old well on the farm where he was born was the first one dug in the district, and is as a distinct part of the old farm as the house itself. On Jan. 30, 1849, he married Elizabeth Lester (nee Stovall), daughter of Samuel and Sarah (Arenton) Stovall. They have been made glad by the birth of two children: Augustus H. and Alonzo R. The mother was born in Morgan county and died in 1886. She was a member of the Baptist church and a conscientious
Christian woman. In November, 1888, Mr. Mallory was married to Fannie, daughter of Josiah and Nancy W. (Clements) Whitlock. His wife is a member of the Baptist church. For several years Mr. Mallory was bailiff and also served a number of terms as justice of the peace. He has been a member of the board of road commissioners, and was county commissioner for several years. Though handicapped in life's battle by an injury which made him a cripple by depriving him of the use of one arm, Mr. Mallory never complained, but fought it out, and not only has he been successful, but can look back over a life of happiness. He enjoys the esteem and confidence of all who know him.

JAMES M'HUGH, farmer, Rutledge, was born in Morgan county in 1825, and
is the son of Charles and Mary (Pritchell) McHugh. His grandfather, George McHugh, was a native of Ireland, and came to America before the revolutionary war and served with the patriots in that conflict. He first settled in Virginia on coming here, then moved to South Carolina, where he remained until his death. Charles, a son of George, was born in South Carolina, came to Georgia in 1815, and settled among the Indians. He was a teacher most of his life, and was em ployed in the early academies and colleges. He was justice of the peace for over twenty-five years. His wife was the daughter of Joshua Pritchell, one of the early residents of the state. Mr. James McHugh was reared on the home farm and re ceived his schooling in the old-time log cabin and by the aid of the pine knot and fireside. When he was seventeen years of age he left home and went to Stone Mountain and began work for the Georgia railroad, continuing there until about ten years ago, or over thirty-eight years. When he left home all of his possessions

586

MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

were a homespun sack of clothes, which had been spun and woven by his mother,

;

hut his industry and energy brought him success, and at the time of the breaking

.

out of the war he was in good financial circumstances. The war wrested from



him the larger part of his property, and he had to start over again. He now owns

,

about 1,500 acres of good land, a large part of which is in a good state of cultiva-

!

tion. In 1849 he married Lydia Garner,-daughter of Samuel Garner. They have

I

six children, four of whom are living: Baily, Benjamin, Edward and Mary. The

i

mother was born and reared in Morgan county. She is a member of the Methodist

.'

church, and Mr. McHugh has been a Mason for twenty-five years.

i

MADISOX A. MURROW, merchant, Rutledge, Morgan Co., was born in

1857. His paternal great-grandfather, John Murrow, was a native of Ireland,

i

emigrated to this country before the revolutionary war, and settled in South

'.

Carolina, where he did gallant service under that great general and true-hearted

|

patriot, Francis Marion, in the swamps of South Carolina. After the war he

;

married and settled in Orangeburg district in that state, where four children were

;

bom to him. The eldest of these was John, the grandfather of Mr. Murrow, who

'

was born Feb. 25, 1787, and at the age of twenty-five was received into the South

\

Carolina Methodist conference and remained in the itineracy a number of years,

when his family becoming too numerous for the necessary frequent removals he

was located. Subsequently he removed with his family to Louisville, Jefferson

Co., Ga., where in 1840 himself and wife united with the Baptist church. Re

movals to other counties followed, until himself and wife died in Bryan county in

;

1868, within eight days of each other, he eighty-one and she seventy-five years

|

of age. He was a man of sterling character, of great force, a fervid preacher, of

)

pure and spotless life. In 1820 he married Miss Mary Amelia, born Sept. 29,

1793, daughter of Jonathan and Mary Amelia Dorothea (Haunbaun) Badger.

;

Her father had been a prosperous and rich merchant of Charleston, S. C., was

unusually well-educated and highly accomplished, of sweet and sunny disposi-

'

tion and a great favorite in society. All their sons, except one, became preachers.

Mr. Murrow's father was the second child and eldest son of this most excellent

couple, and was born in Effingham county, Ga., Oct. 12, 1823. He was a farmer

and Baptist minister. He commenced preaching when only sixteen years of

age, was ordained when eighteen, and was graduated from Mercer university,

Penfield, Ga. After he married he located in Burke county, where he hewed a

home out of the woods and started in on a happy and successful life. He was

one of the pioneer teachers in the old log school houses, a soldier in the late civil

war, a high degree member of the masonic fraternity and a zealous, influential

and effective working minister of the Baptist church. Mr. Murrow's mother was

a daughter of William Wallace, who was a soldier in the patriot army during the

',

revolutionary war. So it will be seen that in Mr. Murrow's veins flows some of

the best blood of our revolutionary history. Mr. M. A. Murrow was reared in

Burke county, Ga., and received a good common school education, finished at

Bunyan academy and then he engaged in telegraphy. He held a position at West

Point, then Union Point, and was finally located in Rutledge, Oct. 27, 1877, antl

!

lias held that position since. In 1886 he engaged in general merchandising and

conducts one of the largest stores in the town. In 1880 he married Miss Georgia,

daughter of Benjamin and Mary (Willard) Vinning, the father meeting his death

in the late war. This union has been blessed by six children: Maude, Mabel,

i

Vaughn, Belle and Bessie (twins) and Frederick. The mother was born in Ten

nessee, but grew to womanhood in Morgan county, Ga. Husband and wife are

i

members of the Baptist church. Mr. Murrow, though young in years, is old in

li

MORGAN COUNTY SKETCHES.

587

business, and enjoys a high reputation for his discernment and judgment and is frequently called to give his advice to those with much more experience and age. He is a man of strict integrity, whose word is his bond, and of a character amiable in intercourse and liberal in charity.

JOHN T. NEWTON, farmer, Pennington, Morgan Co., Ga., was born in the house in which he now lives Feb. 28, 1854, and is the son of William H. and
Mirian Keturah (Walker) Newton. The father was born in Clarke county July II, 1823, and was graduated from the old Franklin college at Athens, and from the medical college of Georgia, Augusta. He began the practice of medicine at Madison, but was obliged to give it up on account of his health and com menced farming, which he followed until he moved to Athens to educate his chil dren. He was a strict Presbyterian and his grandfather, John Newton, a native
of England, preached the first Presbyterian sermon in Georgia and organized and was the president of the first presbytery of the state. William Newton died May 17, 1893, at Maysville. His father, grandfather of Mr. John T. Newton, was Elizur Newton, who married Eliza Collier. Elizur Newton was born in Oglethorpe county, Feb. u, 1796. His father died when he was a boy and he helped support his widowed mother and the family on the farm until nearly of age, when he went to Athens and engaged in the mercantile business. His store was the second one established in the town and he owned the first buggy ever brought to Athens. He remained there in business until well up in years, when he retired. When the clouds of war enveloped the country he was a stanch supporter of the south, and when the conflict began was a firm advocate of the Confederacy, by word and with money. He was too old to enlist in the ranks, but his encourage ment in the way of help in raising troops was great. To his friends he said: "It is the duty of every man to help the government under which he lives, and being too old to go, I will support the cause with my money," and this he did liberally. He was very successful in business and at one time owned nearly half of Athens. To him and the Thomas family are credited the making of Athens. An incident illustrating the firm character of Elizur Newton happened during the Sherman raid. A northern soldier went to the Newton home and broke into the stable in search of horses. Mr. Newton took down his shot gun, and though quite aged, followed the intruder. The latter opened fire on the owner of the property, but it did not deter him from pursuing and driving the soldier from the premises. Elizur Newton was graduated-from old Franklin college, Athens, with third honor. For many years he was a trustee of the college and was a vice-president of the board of trustees at the time of his death. He was justice of the inferior court for many years, and president of the great temperance movement that went through Georgia, being the first reform crusade of the kind ever had in the state. He was a charter member of the first Presbyterian church of Athens, built in 1821, and was an officer in the church up to the time of his death. His wife was born in Oglethorpe county in 1821. Mr. John T. Newton went to Athens with his father and entered the university of Georgia in 1871, but on account of his health had to give up his course in 1873. He then took charge of the farm, which he has since managed. In 1881 he was married to Christiana H., daughter of Floyd and Emily (Henderson) Childs. The father was born in 1826, and was a prosperous farmer. To this union have been born five children: William, Floyd, Anna, Walker, and Kitty. The mother was reared in Monroe county. Mr. New ton and wife are members of the Baptist church. He has been a member of the county board of education for about seven years, and is one of Morgan county's
best citizens.

588

MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

EDMUND L. NEWTON, farmer, Pennington, was born Sept 22, 1847, in

\

Clarke county, Ga. He is the great-grandson of John and Catharine (Law

rence) Newton, natives of England; grandson of Elizur and Eliza (Collier)

:

Newton, and the son of Dr. William H. and Mirian Keturah (Walker) Newton,

i

sketches of whose lives appear in the memoir of Mr. J. T. Newton. Mr. Edmund

!

L. Newton received a common school education and entered the university of

I

Georgia, Athens, in 1866. He completed his course in 1867 and returned home

\

to engage at work on the farm. In 1868 he married Juh'a, daughter of William H.

I

and Mary A. (Robinson) Bailey. Her grandfather, Azariah Bailey, was a general

t

in the Indian war and was killed by the enemy. The union has been blessed with



three children: Mamie, wife of J. M. Nowell; Lipscomb, and Hoyt L. The

mother was born in Jasper but reared in Newton county. The family belong to

'

the Presbyterian church, the faith of their ancestors for many generations back.

I

Mr. Newton has been justice of the peace for a dozen years, and has filled many

i

other positions of honor and trust He takes much interest in the cause of educa-

[

tion, and was a member of the school board for five years, and has served four



years on the jury commission. . He is a member of the Royal Arcanum, the social



and fraternal order. Mr. Newton has 260 acres of land that was. of the tract his

|

father originally opened up, besides a body of 1,000 acres connected with it, and

'

other pieces of good farming lands. He is a progressive, spirited citizen, and



has much pride in the development of his county and state. His fanning property

'

is well cultivated and shows the systematic attention given it When but a lad of

i

thirteen years Mr. Newton left books and home and tried to get into the ranks of

the Confederacy, but his youth was against him, and spite of his protests he was

j

turned aside. He renewed his efforts several times but without success, and it

j

was not until he had just turned sixteen, and it was necessary to fill up the thinned

{

out ranks with boys, that his hopes were realized and he was accepted. This was

i

in 1864, and he enlisted under Capt C. R. Hanleiter, and served until the surrender,

t

taking part in every engagement of his company, and being an active participant

'

in the battles of Averasboro and Bentonville.

I T. PENICK, merchant, Madison, was born in Morgan county, in 1838, and



was the son of Joseph and Martha (Coleman) Penick. The father, son of



William Penick, was born in Virginia in 1794, and came to Georgia when a young

I

man. He was a fanner all his life, and when in Virginia was employed as an

'

overseer and worked nine years as such, receiving $125 per year. Out of this sum

he saved $100 annually, and with this money he came to Georgia and bought

'[

land in Morgan county, and to his homestead he added land as long as he lived.

j

He was a justice of the inferior court and a member of the state legislature and

,

senate, and was a leader of the whigs in his county. The parents of his mother

<

were pioneers of Morgan county. Mr. L. T. Penick grew up on the fann and was

'

educated at Emory college. In 1856 he went to Texas, and purchasing a farm



lived there until the clash of arms of the civil war was heard, when he returned

I

home and enlisted with the Panola guards, .the second company organized in

;

Morgan county. It was under Capt D. B. G. Knight and belonged to T. R.

I

Cobb's legion. He was in various battles and served throughout the war, being

i

wounded at Richmond. In 1859 he was married to Mary E., daughter of Jesse

|

and Man' (Fears) Mathews. This happy union has been favored with eight



children: Jesse M.. Lucius M.. Jefferson Clay, James H., Lazarus T., Mary E.,

\

Edgar C. and Mattie E. The mother was born in Greene county, and is a strict

I

member of the Baptist church. Mr. Penick began his mercantile career in Madi-

'

son, Morgan Co., in October, 18--, with T. j- Hilssman, and the partnership

MORGAN COUNTY SKETCHES.
continued until 1878, when Mr. Penick purchased his partner's interest, and has since conducted the business with gratifying success. His well-known interest in public affairs, and the pride and interest he takes in the growth and prosperity of his county has caused the people to keep him on the town board for ten years, and to elect him to the county board of education and the board of commissioners for several terms. He is now jury commissioner, and one of Madison's best and most public-spirited citizens. Mr. Penick is a member of the Royal Arcanum.
B. R. PENNINGTON, farmer, Pennington, Morgan Co., was born in the ' same county in 1828, and is the son of Samuel and Eliza (Shy) Pennington. The father was born in Warren county, Ga., in 1800, and bought land in Morgan county after his marriage. He served as justice of the peace in the early days of Morgan county, was prominent in the masonic lodge, and for years was a steward in the Methodist church south. He was a son of Thomas and Leitha (Bell) Pennington. The grandfather was a native of Virginia, and came to Georgia and settled in Warren county for awhile, whence he removed to Jasper county, Ga., where he resided until death claimed him. He was an influential citizen and acquired much wealth. The mother of W. B. R. Pennington was a daughter of Samuel and Jane (Patterson) Shy, who were natives of Virginia, and came to what is now Hancock county, Ga., a short time after the revolutionary war. He was a prosperous man and much respected by his friends. W. B. R. Pennington spent his early years like the usual farmer boy improving what few chances were given him for learning and frequently resorted to the pine knot at night In 1845 ne married Nancy J., daughter of John and Sarah (Berts) Maddox. They were early settlers in Georgia, first locating in Hancock and then going to Jasper county, where Mrs. Pennington was born and grew to womanhood. She is the mother of eleven living children, viz: Thaddeus, J. C, Eliza, J. L., N. F., W. B. R., Jr., Nancy, Lucy, Elizabeth, Kate and Minnie. Husband and wife are members of the Methodist church, and Mr. Pennington was made a Mason long before the war. He has been justice of the peace for ten years, and was commis sioner of the roads in his district many years. For nearly a third of a century he has belonged to his church, and for thirty years he has officiated as steward. Immediately after marriage he commenced farming for himself on land in Jasper county, and he remained there until 1852, when he came to Morgan county and purchased an estate, and here he has educated a large family and lived a life of prosperity and contentment. His domestic relations are a loving example for every family--prayer morning and night--and the spirit of affection and awe of God going hand in hand throughout the household. Mrs. Pennington died Aug. 8, 1893. The family home is near Pennington, a town named in honor of the family, and the farm is well cultivated and stocked.
DEID. The Reid family has long occupied a leading place in business and social circles in Morgan county, and among its prominent representatives of
to-day is Col. James P. Reid, Sr., a farmer and much-honored citizen of Buckhead. He is the son of Edmund and Elizabeth (Terrell) Reid, and was born Oct. 25, 1830, in Putnam county. Edmund Reid was a native of Hancock county, being born in 1802, and in 1856 served that county in the state legislature. He was the son of Alexander and Elizabeth (Brewer) Reid. The mother of Col. Reid was the daughter of Richmond and Kate (Butler) Terrell. The parents were natives of Virginia. Col. Reid was given a good education, and his early training was received at the old Phoenix school house in Putnam county. He was given military instruction and was graduated from the Western institute in Kentucky,

.

59

MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

'

a military school in which Gen. B. R. Johnson and Gen. F. P. Blair were then

f

professors. In 1851 he married Virginia, daughter of Merritt and Olivia (Bell)

\

Warren, natives of Virginia and Georgia respectively. CoL Reid and wife have

;

been blessed with three children: James P., Jr., Merritt W. and George. The

\

mother was a native of Georgia, a sincere Christian belonging to the Methodist

!

church, and died in 1887. In 1861 Col. Reid organized Company B, Third regi ment, and started his war career as captain, but before the command reached
Norfolk he was made lieutenant-colonel. He served seventeen months and then

\

returned home, and later joined the state militia. In 1859 he was elected state

!*

senator and served until the breaking out of the war. He has been road and county commissioner, and in 1876 was elected to the legislature from Morgan

\

count}-. Col. Reid was strongly opposed to the states seceding from the Union,

}

but when that step was taken he stood shoulder to shoulder with his countrymen,

i

and raised the first company to go into the Confederate army from Morgan

5

county. Col. Reid is a progressive man and enjoys the reputation of always being

|

ready to help any legitimate enterprise whose success will benefit the people of

|

his county.

|

p| R. RICKERSON, farmer, Rutledge, was born in Hancock county, Ga., Aug.

;

* 16, 1840, and is a son of William and Elmira (Rogers) Rickerson. William

{

Rickerson was born in Hancock county in 1812, and grew to manhood in Georgia,

I

sen-ing as a soldier in the Creek war of 1836. He was an officer in the state

{

militia, was influential and highly respected. He is the son of Abraham and

;

Dicey (Ogletree) Rickerson. Abraham, the grandfather of H. R. Rickerson, was

one of Hancock county's pioneer citizens, and was a hard-shell Baptist when the

only church was forty miles up the Savannah river. The distance to this church was

so great that all kinds of transportation and vehicles had to be brought into use

to attend divine service. Abraham Rickerson was a brave soldier in the revolu

tionary war, and immediately following-it located in Georgia. The mother of

H. R. Rickerson was a daughter of Rev. Henry and Caroline (Jackson) Rogers.

Her father was a native of Virginia and came to Georgia to preach the gospel about

1809, was a minister of the Methodist church about forty-five years, and lived to the

great age of eighty-seven years. Mr. H. R. Rickerson was reared on the farm and

received his education from the schools of the period, hisf principal instructor being

William Mattox, who is still living. In 1861, in March, he enlisted in Company

G, Twelfth Georgia regiment, under Capt. William C. Davis, and Col. Connor. He

saw very active service, and was in the battles of Malvern hill, Bull run, Slaughter

mountain, Gettysburg, Martinsburg, Md., and Winchester. Six miles from Fish

ers' hill--north--they had a hot engagement, and Mr. Rickerson was shot, the ball

going through his body. He was carried to Staunton, Va., then to Richmond, and

thence to Petersburg, Va., where he recovered. He joined his company again and

went to Maryland. He was wounded at Sharpsburg--the second time--and then

at the Inn, in Washington, D. C. In these instances the balls passed through him

and lodged in the skin in the opposite side of the body, where they are yet to be

seen. He had his big toe shot off while on picket duty, and was transferred to

the cavalry, Company D, Second Georgia, commanded by Gen. Lawton, and at

Hampton's crossing was shot in the elbow. He was wounded six times and carries

in his body four of the bullets. He attained the rank of corporal, and experienced

capture at Harper's Ferry, but was exchanged in six months. He was present at

the general surrender, and returned to Augusta, Ga. He afterward went to New

York, where he was employed by the Hubble, Hall & Goaly Fur company, and went

to Dakota, and built forts for them. He was a carpenter by trade, and at this work

was engaged for twelve years in the northwest..- Then he. went to St. Louis and

J

MORGAN COUNTY SKETCHES.

591

worked in a foundry four years, when he returned to Georgia. In 1874 he mar ried Mary Brossell, daughter of Judge J. C. and Emma (Carender) Brossell. She died in 1886, and in 1888 he married Mary, daughter of Heziah (Studdard) Tomlin. By his second marriage he has had two children--Elmo and
Orlander. The mother was born and reared in Georgia, and with her husband belongs to the Methodist church. Mr. Rtckerson was sheriff of Coweta county for two years, and is one of Morgan county's best citizens.

J UDGE A. M. SPEER. For many years prominent in the political history, and
an eminent member of the judiciary of Georgia has been Judge A. M. Speer, of Madison. He was born in 1820, and his parents were Alexander and Elizabeth
(Middleton) Speer. The father was born in Abbeville district, S. C., and, being possessed of a liberal education, arose to great prominence in the palmetto state.
He was a leader in the state and the legislature during the eventful years from 1830
to 1833, and was recognized to be the full peer of James M. Hamilton and the
great McDuffie. 'He was in the legislature at the time the nullification act was
passed, and took a great part in the fight He was always a Union man, but was
elected in the district in which John C. Calhoun lived and was never defeated for any office to which he aspired. He was a minister of the M. E. church, and took
much interest in religious affairs. He removed to Georgia in 1833, and was
editor of the "La Grange Reporter" for some time. In Georgia, as in his native state, he was active in politics, and was distinguished for his oratory and his high-
minded character. He possessed a depth of wisdom and breadth of thought that
placed him in comparison with Daniel Webster or Bishop Elliott His demise
was a great loss to the state, as well as to a large circle of friends. Judge A. M.
Speer spent his childhood days in South Carolina, and his first school was the old log cabin so distinctive an educational institution of the time. When his father was elected comptroller of the state of South Carolina, he went to the schools of
Columbia, but returned in four years to the farm, and was again a scholar in the country classes. In 1833 he came with his father to Georgia and attended school
at Culloden, a place that has furnished some of the leading men of Georgia. In
1835 his father moved to Savannah, and he there was under the instruction of George Smith, a private teacher. In 1836 he entered the university of Georgia, from which he was graduated in 1839. He then went to Columbus and began the
study of law with Jones & Burnett, and in one year was admitted to the bar. He
commenced the practice of his profession at Forsyth, where he remained several - years, going thence to Macon. In 1853-6 he made his debut in public life as clerk of the house of representatives for that period. When the war between the states was
begun he was among the first to offer his services to the south, and April 20, 1861, he enlisted in what was called the Macon volunteers, an organization which was in the very heart of the war. In 1862 he was elected as major of the Forty-sixth
Georgia regiment, and was promoted to the rank of lieutenant-colonel. In 1863 he
was elected to the state senate, and retired from the service. In 1865 he was ap pointed judge of the Flint circuit court, and served until 1868, when he was removed bv Gov. Bullock, and returned to his practice. When the democratic party again resumed the management of affairs of state, he was re-elected to the judgeship:
meanwhile, however, he had been elected to the legislature from Spalding county and served two years there, afterward taking his place on the bench. In 1879
he was elected to the supreme court bench and served in that honorable position for two years, when his health failed, and he had to resign and return to his practice. In 1841 Judge Speer was married to Mary, daughter of Rev. Thomas Battles, and to
this union four children were born--Eugene, Isabella J., Dr. Arthur, and Mary L.
.The wife was born in Warren county in 1822, and died in 1878. She was a noble

M

;

592

MKMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

{

Christian wife and mother, and an active member of the M. E. church. In 1880

|

Judge Speer married Mrs. Celesta B. Sanders, daughter of John A. Brockton. Mr.

f

and Mrs. Speer are members of the Methodist church, and he was made a Mason

i

in 1843, a"d has obtained the royal arch degree.

I

A UGUSTUS STUDDARD, farmer, Rutledge, was born April 26, 1824, and is

i

the son of James and Anna (Lemmond) Studdard. The father was born in

South Carolina, and came to Georgia in 1807, and settled on the farm where the

son now lives. The grandfather of Mr. Studdard, on his father's side, was John

Studdard, a Virginian, and his mother was a daughter of Joseph Lemmond, who

was a native of South Carolina, and an early resident of Georgia. When the father

of Mr. Augustus Studdard came to Georgia, he settled within twenty-two feet

of the line dividing his household from the Indians, and lived within one-fourth

mile of the Brantleys, who were all murdered by the Indians while at dinner. This

spot is about three-fourths of a mile from the house Mr. Studdard now lives in.

His father died when he was in his early teens, and he was obliged to help his

mother around the home, which greatly interfered with his schooling. He was

not discouraged by this, but applied himself at night and odd hours, and by

thorough reading secured a good education. His boyhood days were full of hard

ships and privations, but his indomitable energy conquered them all. When the

family estate was settled up, he received $65, and this small sum was the foundation

of his present large estate. He started out by raising a crop of cotton, and then

he purchased the finest pair of Sunday shoes he ever owned. From then on Mr.

Studdard's career has been a continued success. In 1849 he married Judith

Malcom, daughter of Ganaway and Rebecca (Wadley) Malcom. They have two

living children--James F. and Ophelia. The mother was born and reared in

Morgan county. Mr. Studdard, after his advent into business life, by his cotton

crop, was an overseer for two years, then he purchased a farm, which he has since

managed and improved, with remarkable success, and to-day he is one of the

wealthiest men in the county. In 1862 he enlisted in the state militia, and served

three years and two months under Capt Sehe Saffold. He is a popular citizen, and

has twice been called upon to serve his county in the legislature. He is prominent

in county and state politics, and is a stanch democrat

DENJAMIN F. THOMAS. One of the best farmers of Morgan county is Benjamin F. Thomas, of Fair Play. He was born on the old farm, which was
cleared by his father, Dec. 17, 1858, and is the son of William R. and Susan (Alien) Thomas. The father, the eldest son of Jesse and Mary (Vason) Thomas, was born in Georgia in 1808, and was in the Indian war of 1836. He was a man of limited education and accumulated considerable money as a teamster, which
he invested in land, and became the owner of a small estate. He was a sincere member of the Baptist church, and a man whose integrity was never questioned by word or act He had the confidence of everybody and his life was one of peace
and good will with his fellow-man. The paternal grandfather of Mr. B. F. Thomas, Jesse Thomas, was born in Virginia, was a revolutionary soldier, served in the war of 1812 after coming by wagon to the sparsely settled country of Georgia. The mother of Mr. Thomas was a daughter of Thomas V. Alien, who married Miss Lucinda Hardeman. Mr. Alien was an early settler and leading man of his time in Georgia. He served in the war of 1812, and for many years was tax collector of his county. This was when the capital was at MUledgeville
and Mr. Alien had to carry the money to the state treasurer by horseback, tied up in sacks. Mr. B. F. Thomas was brought up and now resides, on the farm, which in early days his father purchased and cleared up, and received his educa-

MORGAN COUNTY SKETCHES.

593-

tional training in the public schools. In 1885 he married Josie, daughter of John

and Josie (Woods) Dickinson and they have four children living: Estelle, Mattie,

Lottie and Mary. The deceased son was named Turnell. The mother was born

in Walton county, Dec. 25, 1863. Mr. Thomas is one of the most progressive

and scientific farmers in the county, and his lands and improvements demonstrate

the thoroughness of his cultivation, and the application of his mind to the pursuit

of knowledge relating to agriculture.

,'

p G. WALKER. The Georgia branch of the Walker family descends from George Walker, who with a brother, Thomas, and sister Mary, wife of John
Dallas, came from Ireland to America in 1750. George Walker settled on Brier creek in what is now Burke county, and in 1756 married Mary Dahart. He was a blacksmith by trade and brought over his tools which, with his bed-clothes, constituted his possessions on his arrival in Georgia. He soon relinquished his trade and purchasing a farm followed farming. He was a fine Christian gentle man, and during the revolutionary war he refused to take sides, having con scientious scruples against rebelling against England. George Walker and Mary Dahart had twelve children: John, the eldest, was born in 1760, and when his father died took his place at the head of the family and helped raise it. He was married to Frances Byne, a sister of Gen. William Byne, and in 1810 moved to Morgan county and cleared up a farm. Edmund Walker, a son, was born in Burke county in 1796, and received his education in the common schools, when the terms of study were between "laying-by" time and "fodder-pulling." He was a captain in the state militia and was in the war of 1812. He was a member of the Baptist church and for years was a deacon. When he was married in 1817, he went eight miles northeast of Madison to his wife's home on horseback, and after the wedding he brought his bride home to the log cabin which he had erected on the place where his son now lives. He was a farmer all his life and amassed a large estate. His wife was the daughter of Peter and Lucy Chilton (Waddy) Gautier. The father was born in Bristol, England, in 1771, and his parents were natives of Normandy, France--Huguenots who had fled to Great Britain for safety. Peter Gautier came to America about 1796 and first settled in Maryland, where he married Lucy Waddy, born Oct. 25, 1778, in Somerset, Md. She was the daughter of Capt. William Waddy, who was an officer in the revolutionary war. Mr. P. G. Walker was reared on the old farm, and attended school at Madison and when through there, was given his choice of a course in college, or the man agement of the farm. He selected the latter. In 1881 he married Bessie Robertson, daughter of Dennis M. and Susan J. (Lumsden) Robertson. Mr. Robertson was a native of Rahway, N. J. He was born in 1812 and came to Georgia about 1836. He was a carriage-maker and his work was the first executed in Madison. To Mr. and Mrs. Walker have been born four children: Mineola, Lula, Edmund and Dennis. The mother was born in Madison. Himself and wife are members of the Baptist church and he is a deacon. Mr. Walker was justice of the peace and notary public for two years, and county commissioner for five years. He owns about 1,000 acres of land he received from his father, and to this he has added about as much more. It is one,of the best improved farms in the county.

DETER W. WALTON, a prominent citizen of Madison, was born in Morgan county, Oct. 9, 1840, and is the son of Peter W. and Mary F. (Fitzpatrick)
Walton. The father was born in Virginia in 1792 and came to Georgia with his parents in 1806. He was a farmer all his life, and worked for twelve and a half
11-38

MEMOIRS OF GEOKGIA.

cents per day, and with money thus saved in his boyhood he attended schooL

When the United States became involved in war with Great Britain the second

J

time he was among the first to go to the front, and served in defense of his

-r.

country- through the whole struggle. For his service he received a land warrant

and settled near Madison. The mother of Mr. Peter Walton was born and

always lived in Georgia, and was the daughter of Perkins Fitzpatrick, one of the

early residents of this state, and a soldier in the revolutionary war. Mr. Walton

received his earl}- teachings in the schools of Madison and then spent a year at

Marietta. He had just entered a college in Virginia when the civil war broke

out, and left school in 1861 to enlist in Company D, Third Georgia regiment,

under Capt James Reed, Col. Robert WrighL He saw hard fighting from the

first, and was at Sawyer's Lane, Elizabeth City; then Norfolk, at Seven Pines,

Malvern Hill and Drury's Bluff, where he was taken sick and discharged and sent

home. As .soon as able he joined the state militia and served till the surrender.

While out on vidette duty at Atlanta on one occasion two companions with him

were killed, and he by chance escaped. While the three were hiding in the shade

of a tree, he stooped down to look for the enemy just at the time a shell was fired

which killed his comrades and mutilated the tree on range of his breast when

standing. He was at Griswoldville battle, and just ahead of Sherman a few days

in the latter's march through the state. After the war he returned to Madison

and began farming. In 1875 he married Susan, daughter of Edmund and Susan

CTerrell) Reed. This union has been followed by six children: Fannie, Peter,

Bessie, Reed, Susan and Richard. The mother was born in Eatonton. Mr.

Walton and wife and three oldest children are members of the Methodist church.

Mr. Walton takes much interest in educational matters, and is a member of the

board of education. He has been county commissioner for eight years and is

prominent in count}- politics. He lives on an excellent farm near Madison.

C H. WATKIXS. One of Georgia's most enterprising and wide-awake farm-
* ers is E. H. Watkins, of Rutledge. He was born in South Carolina in 1836, and is the son of Bailiss and Frances (Martin) Watkins, both natives of South Carolina. The father was born in 1796, and was one of the best farmers in Morgan county during his day. He was a son of David and Temperance (Camp) Watkins. David Watkins was born in Virginia and lived on Three and Twenty creek in South Carolina all his life, to which place he was taken when a child. His father, great-grandfather of Mr. E. H. Watkins, was a native of Wales and a
revolutionary soldier. Mrs. Bailiss Watkins was the daughter of Thomas and Hester (Duckworth) Martin. They were natives of North Carolina, and soon after their marriage left for South Carolina to take up a new home on Beaverdam creek, Anderson count}-. Mr. E. H. Watkins was given a good education and worked on the farm in South Carolina until he reached manhood. In 1859 he married Martha Smith, a daughter of William and Maria (Matteson) Smith. The father was a native of South Carolina and the mother was born in Anderson count}-, S. C., a daughter of James Matteson, a revolutionary hero. Mr. and Mrs. Watkins have three children--Bailiss, Xewton and Myra. In 1861 Mr. Watkins enlisted in Company G, Twenty-third South Carolina regiment, under Capt Sam Watkins, afterward lieutenant-colonel under Col. Abner, of Edgefield. Mr. Wat-
kins enlisted as a private, but when the company was reorganized in May, 1862, he was elected third lieutenant, and was soon promoted to first lieutenant, and as such was in command of the company more than the captain. He was in many hard-fought battles: Second Manassas. Kingston, Jackson, Miss., and at Frederick City. Md., where he was wounded and taken prisoner, and held until

MORGAN COUNTY SKETCHES.

595

the dose of the war. Mr. Watkins owns a fine farm near Rutledge, which he purchased in 1883, and then brought his family from South Carolina to make their home there. As a citizen and neighbor Mr. Watkins is ever frank and liberal and strong in his attachments, enjoying the highest esteem of his friends and neighbors.

JOSIAH WHITLOCK, farmer, and one of Morgan county's oldest and most respected citizens, is the son of Josiah and Nancy W. (Clements.) Whitlock.
The father was born in Virginia two years before the Declaration of Independence was signed and came to Georgia with his father in 1796. He received the advan
tages of the best schooling of that period, and in 1818 was married to the daughter of an old Virginia friend. Of eight children born to this union Mr. Josiah
Whitlock is the only son of living. Josiah Whitlock was a sergeant in the war of
1812, and in appreciation of his services was given a land warrant for land in northeast Georgia. After his return from the war he visited his cousin, Beasley
Whitlock, who lived in Morgan county, and there he met and married his wife. Following his wedding he was overseer for a few years, then a farmer for himself.
The wife was a daughter of Charles and Mary (Main) Clements, natives of
Virginia, who came to Georgia before 1800 and cleared up a farm from the woods.
The paternal grandparents of Mr. Josiah Whitlock were Josiah and Mary (Clay-
burn) Whitlock, both Virginians, who came to Georgia about 1796 and settled in Tulliver county. Here they pased the hard life of the pioneer and reared a
family of children. The subject of this memoir was reared on the farm and received a common school education. He taught school during the war, and
after his father's death took charge of the estate, and he still holds the 400 acres
of land which his parents originally took up. Mr. Whitlock has been
bailiff, and justice of the peace for three terms. In 1861 he joined Company D, Third Georgia regiment, under Capt. Charles Andrew, and was out eighteen
months. Mr. Whitlock is well known throughout the county, and enjoys the
esteem and good will of all. He has been very successful in business and is the owner of a fine farm near Fair Play, and other valuable property.

QAPT. JAMES K. WRIGHT, retired merchant, Madison, was born in Greene county, Ga., in 1828, and is the son of Joseph and Mary (Stark) Wright. The
father was bom in Greene county in 1792 and grew up on his farm, dying April 4,
1836, in the prime of life. He was a member of the Baptist church, a justice of
the peace for many years and was a highly esteemed citizen. He came from revolutionary stock, his father being Thomas Wright, a brave soldier and native Virginian. His wife, the mother of Capt. Wright, was the daughter of John Stark, who served so meritoriously in the war for independence, and when the freedom of the colonies was established was so unfortunate as to kill a man in a quarrel, and, disappearing, was never again heard of. She was married to Joseph Wright, Dec.
n, 1817, and gave birth to nine children, of whom only CapL Wright is now living. Capt. Wright received his learning in the "old field" schools, to which he
walked four miles, between crop times. He went to California a few years before-
the war, and when the struggle was on, was one of 365 men to leave the Pacific state to come and enter the Confederate army. He enlisted in the Third Georgia regiment as a private, was elected lieutenant, and afterward was promoted to the
captaincy for brilliant services on the field, and in this rank he served until the
surrender. He possesses a brilliant war record, and was never wounded, captured or in the hospital. He was in active engagement with his company at South Mills, Roanoake, Seven Pines, Malvern Hill, Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, Sharps-
burg, Fredericksburg, and .all the fights around Richmond. When hostilities

596

MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

were over he returned home penniless and commenced life again, with success
from the start In 1877 he married Kate E. Baldwin, daughter of Howell and Harriet (Boswell) Baldwin, both natives of Georgia. Mr. Baldwin was one of "Joe Brown's pets" during the war, and was a member of the state senate during the conflict Mr. and Mrs. Capt Wright have no children, two born to them having died. She is a member of the Methodist church, and takes a prominent part in church and charity affairs. For a number of years Capt Wright was a leading merchant of Madison and succeeded in his business as he did in earning the respect and esteem of the people of this charming town.

JOHN T. WOOD, farmer, Madison, Morgan Co., Ga., was born in 1841, on the farm where he now lives. He was the son of John C. and Eliza S. (Blount)
Wood. The father was born in North Carolina in 1793 and came to Georgia when twenty-five years old. He started for the war of 1812, but before he reached Baltimore it was over. He was a justice of the peace in Morgan county for many
years, and a farmer all his life. His wife was born in Putnam county in 1811 and was the daughter of Edmund Blount She was a devoted member of the Baptist church and a noble Christian woman. Mr. John T. Wood was reared on the farm and given a good education. In 1861 he enlisted in the state militia under
Col. Cowart, and later was sent to Virginia. In February, 1864, he joined Cobb's legion of cavalry and remained there until the war closed, serving as a good and loyal soldier and brave man. In 1868 he married Rebecca L., daughter of Benjamin and Eliza (Drown) Harris. This union has been cheered by ten chil dren, nine of whom are living: Edward H., William B., John H., Benjamin, Olander S., Anna M., Ruby L., Thomas M. and Oliver M. The deceased child was Birdie. Mr. Wood and wife are members of the Baptist church. He has been a notary public in his district for twenty years. He joined the masonic lodge when he was twenty-five years old and is high in its degrees. Mr. Wood is a popular and respected citizen, and lives with his interesting family on his fine
farm near Madison.

MURRAY COUNTY.
\Y ALTON W. ANDERSON, M. D. Dr. Anderson is a resident of Spring Place, Murray Co., Ga., where he was born in 1853, and has always resided.
He was educated in the schools of Murray county, and after completing his literary studies engaged for a brief period in agricultural pursuits. In 1876 he began the study of medicine under the preceptorship of his father, the late Dr. William Anderson, at Spring Place. In 1877 ne entered the Atlanta Medical college, and there took a full course in medicine and surgery during the years 1877-79 and was graduated in the spring of 1880. He commenced the practice of his profession at Spring Place, and has acquired a good general practice in the various branches of medicine and surgery, and enjoys an excellent reputation both as a reliable physician and an upright citizen. In 1875 Dr. Anderson was married to Miss Margaret Woods, daughter of Robert Woods, an old resident of Murray county. As the fruit of this union four children have been born to them: Claudius, Remma, Emma W. and Malco.mb. The father of Dr. Anderson was born in M< nroe county, Tenn. He married Miss Manda Gray and reared

MURRAY COUNTY SKETCHES.

597

a family of eight children: Mary J., wife of William Wilkins, now deceased; W.
L. Anderson, at present residing in Texas; Andrew J., who died in that state; Mrs. Alice Woods, of Murray county; Mrs. Fannie Dixon, who died in that
county in 1893; C. M. Anderson and Walton W. The paternal grandfather of Dr. Anderson was Stephen Anderson, a resident of the state of Tennessee, where he died, in Monroe county, in 1885, at the advanced age of ninety years. The father of Dr. Anderson was a captain in the Confederate service during the late war, and during his residence in Murray county he was frequently entrusted with the management of county affairs. For several years he was treasurer of Mur
ray county, and during the period of his residence there he practiced his profes sion with marked success. He was a prominent citizen and a practical man of affairs, in whom the public reposed full confidence. His death occurred at Spring Place in 1887. The mother of Dr. Anderson died in 1884. The doctor is a member of the masonic fraternity, Spring Place lodge No. 145.

g AMUEL M'DONALD CARTER is the owner of the largest and most valuable plantation in Murray county, commonly known as "Carter's Quarter," on
which he has resided nearly half a century. He was born in Baldwin county, near Milledgeville, in 1826. His family and ancestors have been prominent in the
public affairs of Georgia during several generations, and have borne an honorable and distinguished part in the history of this state, while contributing largely to its social and industrial progress. His paternal grandfather, Maj. Carter, served in
the patriot army during the war of the revolution and was killed in the battle of Augusta, toward the close of that prolonged struggle for human rights and independence. His father, Parish Carter, was born in South Carolina, but was reared in Georgia and settled in Baldwin county about 1809, where he resided
until his death in 1861. Parish Carter was an active business man, and an extensive and successful planter. Early in life by his zeal, industry and good management, he accumulated a large fortune, and his influence in political and financial affairs was felt throughout the state. Cartersville, the prosperous county seat of Bartow county, received its name in his honor. He married Miss Eliza McDonald, sister of Hon. Charles James McDonald, a distinguished citizen of Georgia, an associate justice of the supreme court and governor of the state from 1839 to 1843. The issue of this marriage was five children: Samuel McD., Mary, who married Jonathan Davis, of South Carolina; Catharine, wife of Dr.
John H. Furman, of that state; Benjamin, who died while representing Murray county in the general assembly, and James. The mother of Col. Carter died in Baldwin county in 1865. He was educated in that county and at Oglethorpe
college, from which institution he was graduated about 1846. In 1850 he settled in Murray county upon his plantation, where he has since resided, an esteemed, respected and influential citizen. During the war, from 1861 to~i86s, he sup ported the cause of the Confederacy. In 1850 he married Miss Emily Colquitt, daughter of Senator Walter T. Colquitt, and sister of the late Senator Alfred H. Colquitt. They reared five children: Parish, who died while a student at Nor
wood school in Virginia; Colquitt, at present clerk of the United States district court for the northern district of Georgia, residing at Atlanta; Mary, now deceased,
who became the wife of Benjamin H. Hill, of the Atlanta bar; Kate C., who mar ried Prof. Robert Emmett Mitchell, of Atlanta, and Benjamin P., married Lillian Whitman, of Dalton, Ga., at present residing in Atlanta, and is in the service of the
agricultural department. The wife of Col. Carter died in Murray county in 1867. He was again married to Miss Sallie Jeter, daughter of William Lamar Jeter, for merly of Columbus, Ga. This lady was a grand-niece of Mirabeau B. Lamar and

598

MEMOIRS OP GEORGIA.

ex-Senator Walter T. Colquitt. By this marriage he had five children: Emily Colquitt, wife of Hal Divine, Chattanooga, Tenn.; Sallie Jeter, Pauline, Samuel McD., Jr., and Eliza. Col. Carter has four grand-children: Mary Hill, and Emily Cornelia, daughters of Benjamin F.; Robert Emmett, son of Kate C. Mitchell, and Rebecca Lamar, daughter of Emily C. Divine.

QSCAR C. GOIXS, farmer, Spring Place, Murray Co., was born in Grainger count}-, Tenn., Feb. 24, 1830. In 1833 his parents moved to Hamilton county,
in that state, and settled on a farm among the Cherokee Indians. There Mr. Coins resided until he was sixteen years old, and received his education in such schools as Hamilton county then offered its youth. The elder Coins died when Oscar was in his eleventh year, and being the eldest son the management of the farm fell upon him. However, when sixteen years old, he went to Chattanooga and there engaged as a clerk in a mercantile house, where he remained during thirteen years, and acquired an extensive and practical knowledge of mercantile affairs, which has since proven of infinite value to him. In 1858 he married Miss Esther Reynolds, a daughter of Anderson Reynolds, of Chattanooga. Im mediately after his marriage he engaged in business, establishing a grocery and supply house, which he conducted successfully until the commencement of the war, when he entered the Confederate service, enlisting in Company B, Nineteenth
Tennessee regiment, CoL J. C. Cummins. Mr. Coins was commissioned lieutenant of his company and was first engaged at Fishing Creek, and afterward participated in the two days' fight at Shiloh. After these battles he was detailed to bring the wounded to Chattanooga by way of Mobile, Montgomery and Atlanta. After
performing this service he assisted in raising the Lookout battery, commanded by R. L. Berry, and accompanied that battery to Knoxville and to West Point, and Pollard, near Mobile, Ala., where this battery was stationed for upward of one year to guard and protect the railroad at that point Later he entered Mobile, on his way to Jackson, Miss. He fought at the battle of Baker's Creek in 1863, and returned to Jackson under Gen. Loring, and marched to Yazoo City, where he was engaged under Joseph E. Johnston against the Federal gun-boats. After the fall of Vicksburg, in July, 1863, he returned with his command to Jackson. During the winter of 1863-64 he was taken sick and was ordered home, where he was obliged to retire, after having rendered valiant and efficient service in defense of the Confederacy and local self-government He settled in Chattanooga, broken in health and in fortune, as a result of his military experiences. He made a vig orous effort to gain a permanent footing and in the end was successful. He engaged as traveling salesman, which occupation he followed successfully during
thirteen years, and again acquired by his zeal and industry a respectable com petency. In 1873 ne settled in Murray county, Ga., near Spring Place, on a large, beautiful and productive plantation, where he has since resided. He owns and occupies one of the oldest mansions in North Georgia, erected in the early part of the present century by Joe Van, a noted Cherokee. This house has many historic reminiscences and is known far and wide as a pioneer landmark. His estate is one of the most valuable in Murray county, well improved, and watered by running streams and pellucid springs. The father of- Mr. Coins, a native of Wythe county, Va., was born during the early part of this century. He moved to Cocke county, Tenn., with his parents, and later settled in Hamilton county, where he married Miss Nancy Biby, of Cocke county. They had five children,
four sons and one daughter: Oscar C, William W., Pleasant W., George W. and Sarah J. She married James K. Connell, of Virginia, and now resides at Birming
ham, Ala. The others are now deceased, Oscar W^. being the survivor.

J

MURRAY COUNTY SKETCHES.

rgg

(^HARLES L. HENRY, a rising member of the Murray county bar, residing at Spring Place, and a member of an old and respected family in that
county, was born near Sumach in Murray county, on March 23, 1872. He was educated in the schools of his neighborhood, and at Sumach seminary, and having completed his literary studies he formed the resolution of adopting the practice of law as a profession. He began the study of law in his native county, but desiring to avail himself of the best means with which to become proficient in the intricacies of that science, he pursued a course of study with A. P. Haggard of Dayton, Tenn., and later the law department of Cumberland university, at Lebanon. He was graduated from that institution in June, 1893, having, in May of that year, been admitted to the bar before R. P. McLean. Returning to Murray county he was regularly admitted to the bar by Hon. Thomas \V. Milner, presiding judge of the Cherokee circuit, at Spring Place, where he located, and has since been engaged in the practice of his profession. Mr. Henry is a young man of fine promise, sterling integrity, excellent habits, and of very considerable natural and acquired abilities. He has already taken an advanced and enviable position at the Murray county bar. Mr. Henry is the son of Rev. Samuel H. Henry, an old resident of Murray county, who was born in Polk county, Tenn., and came to Georgia about 1850. He studied for the ministry, was duly ordained, and for upward of forty years has been pastor of the Cumberland Presbyterian church in Murray county. He settled on a plantation near Sumach, where he now resides, and is the founder of. the Sumach seminary, a widely known and justly celebrated institution of learning in north Georgia, and in the interest of which he has labored zealously for many years. He married Miss Rosie Harris, a daughter of Nicholas Harris of Murray county, and reared a family of ten children: Nancy, wife of John-Haggard of Texas; William L. and John T., a physician of Murray county; Mattie, wife of James McEntire; Nicholas, George R., physician, residing at Memphis, Tex.; Rev. James R., at present pastor of the Cumberland Presbyterian church in Pittsburg, Pa., a graduate of the Cumberland university, Tenn., Union Theological seminary, New York city, and who finished his studies at Oxford, England,--a ripe scholarly man of distinguished talents; Onie, a graduate of Peabody Normal college, Tennessee, in 1894, where she took the first honors of her class; Eliza, who married John P. Gregory of Murray county and Charles L.
r\AVID E. HUMPHREYS, farmer and stock raiser, Ramsey, was born in Murray county in 1840, and received a common school education. His father was
Rev. Joab Humphreys, born in McDowell county, N. C, in 1810, the son of David and Ann Humphreys. David was also born in North Carolina in 1780, his father being a native of Virginia. Joab married Lyda Harrison of the Virginia family of that name. They reared two children, David' E. and Laura, who married Tames Johnson of Murray county. They now reside in Texas. The parents of Mr. Humphreys settled in Murray county in 1836. on the land now owned by Mr. David Humphreys and were among the first white inhabitants of the county. Toab died there in 1864. For many years he had officiated as minister of the Methodist church, and was a highly esteemed and respected citizen. His wife died in that county in 1878. David E. Humphreys entered the Confederate service, enlisting in Company C, Eleventh Georgia infantry. His captain was William Luffman. The regiment was commanded by Col. G. T. Anderson. On Tulv 3, 1861, he was mustered into service, and missed participating in the first battle of Manassas by reason of a railroad accident, which prevented his command from appearing on the field of action. He fought at Malvern Hill, and "at the siege of Yorktown. In 1862 he participated in the seven days' fight in the defense

60O

MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

of Richmond, fought in the second battle of Manassas, and was the second man to pass through Thoroughfare Gap. In July, 1863, he was engaged with his command in the celebrated battle of Gettysburg, where he was wounded and made prisoner. He was confined for three months at David's Island prison in Xew York. He was paroled, and in March, 1864, was exchanged, and returned to his command under Longstreet After the siege of Knoxville, at Bull's Gap, Tenn., he followed Longstreet to Virginia, and was engaged in the siege of Petersburg. He was again wounded at Reams Station, N. C, and fought in all the engagements in which Longstreet's corps participated during the trying days of 1864, until the surrender at Appomattox in April, 1865, when he returned to his home in Murray county, after undergoing four years of hardship and peril in support of the authority of the Confederacy. From 1880 to 1882 he served as justice of the peace, and for seven years was a member of the board of education. In 1880 he was appointed by the census bureau, census enumerator for his district In the various positions to which he has been called by public authority he has acquitted himself well, and lias at all times retained the entire confidence of the people of his county. In 1864 he married Rebecca T. Peeples, daughter of Drury and Mary Peeples of Murray county. They have nine children: Lyda P., wife of L. D. Covington, now residing in Texas; Mary E., who married W. T. Brown of Gordon county: Joab O. of Chattanooga, Tenn.; Laura P., wife of S. H. Fincher of Murray county; Mattie, Xora, Myra, Annie and Julia.
IAMES A. MADDOX, one of the earliest of the adventurous and hardy pioneers who settled in Cherokee county, Ga., and whose descendants are influential
citizens of several of the counties of Xortli Carolina, was born in Elbert county, Ga., in 1815. His father, Benjamin Maddox, was a native of Dumfries, Prince William Co., Ya., and was l>orn July 4, 1760. He belonged to one of the oldest and best of the Old Dominion families, was reared on the banks of the Potomac, was well acquainted with Gen. Washington and his wife, and was a frequent visitor at their Mount Yenion home. During the latter part of his life nothing seemed to delight him more than to entertain his family and friends by repeating numerous interesting incidents and anecdotes relating to Washington and his family. He died in Atlanta in 1864 at the very advanced age of 104 years. He was blessed with a strong and robust constitution and retained his physical vigor to a remarkable degree. His intellect was clear to the last, and his eyesight was so good that he was able to read his Bible to within a very short time of his death. He migrated to Georgia and settled in Elbert county, in 1804, where he married Miss Elizabeth Waldroop. and reared a family of nine children: Fielding: Sarah, wife of John Bush: Thenie. wife of Mr. Prior; Stanfield; Posey; James A.; Walter; John, and Henley. Mr. Maddox passed his boyhood and early youth in the county of his birth, receiving such education as the then pioneer condition of the locality afforded. When he was about seventeen years of age he left home to work out the problem of life. He went to what is now Cherokee county and settled on or near where Canton, the county seat, now stands. He acquired considerable property and attained to political prominence--serving the county as sheriff and as a justice of.the inferior court many years. In 1855 he "moved to Cass (now FSartow) county, and settled in Cartersville. He owned a large plantation and conducted a milling business: and for many years was agent at Cartersville for the \Yestern & Atlantic (state) railway. Before the war between the states began he was an anti-secessionist, but after the war acted with the democratic party. On the approach of the Union army in the spring of 1864 he refugeed to Fort Valley. Houston Co.. Ga.. where he remained until 1872. when he removed to Cedar Ridge, in Whitficld county, and settled on a large and

MURRAY COUNTY SKETCHES.
excellent plantation, where he remained until his death, which occurred in 1886. His widow died in Spring Place, Murray Co., Ga., in 1892. Mr. Maddox was a man of strict integrity, great force of character, and superior executive ability. He left the mark of his influence on every community favored with his citizenship. He had a large and influential acquaintance in what is known as Cherokee, Ga., and no citizen possessed or deserved warmer or truer friends than he--and he retained the respect and confidence of all who knew him to the last He was among the last of the survivors of the pioneer settlers of that mountain region, whose courage, industry, thrift and progressiveness have placed that then unknown extended area--a treasure-house of wealth in forest growth and minerals--on the highway to development and pros perity. Judge Maddox was married Dec. 31, 1849, to Miss Martha, daughter of Col. Samuel Tate (also an early settler) of Cherokee county, and one of its most influential citizens, and to them nine children were born: Mary, now of Atlanta, for many years a school teacher in Pickens, Whitfield and Murray counties; Eliza, wife of W. A. Simmons, Jasper, Pickens Co.; Stephen, merchant, Weatherford, Tex.; Samuel, lawyer, Dalton, Ga., who has been mayor of the city; Joseph, mechanic, Columbus, Ga.; John, deceased; Sally, wife of W. J. Wrinkle, Colum bus, Ga.; Martha, wife of R. A. Pierce, Spring Place, Ga., and Charles, Spring . Place.
HON. JAMES A. M'KAMY. Col. McKamy is one of Murray county's pros perous agriculturists and representative citizens. He was born at Maryville,
Blount Co., Tenn., on Oct. 29, 1825, the son of William McKamy and his wife, Nancy Caldwell, who were married on Jan. 20, 1820, in Blount county. William was born in that county in 1790, and was reared among the hardy pioneers of those days. His wife was born in Hawkins county, Tenn., and was the daughter of David Caldwell. Col. McKamy was brought up on his father's farm, and was edu cated in the schools of his neighborhood. At the commencement of the Mexican war he entered the service of the United States and was commissioned first lieuten ant of Company F, Fifth regiment, Tennessee infantry. His regiment served under Gen. Twiggs, and saw active service on the line between Vera Cruz and the city of Mexico, and was engaged at the battles of La Soladad and Palverda. He con tinued Sri the service until the close of the war, and in 1848 returned with his regiment to the United States. He was honorably discharged at Memphis, Tenn. After the war he was engaged as bookkeeper and accountant for a mercantile house in his native county and later conducted a mercantile business on his own account. During the administration of President Buchanan he served as post master at Maryville. At the commencement of hostilities between the states he entered the Confederate service as captain of Company E, Third Tennessee infan try, and later was commissioned major and lieutenant-colonel of his regiment respectively. He was engaged with his regiment at the first battle of Manassas. His regiment was next ordered to Tennessee, where he participated in the campaign in east Tennessee, and for a time served as member of court-martial at Knoxville. Returning with his regiment to Virginia he remained engaged in active service in the valley during the greater part of the war. While fighting under Early at the battle of Winchester, Sept. 19, 1864, he was made prisoner of war, and sent to Fort Delaware, where he was confined until July 24,1865. Returning to his home after valiant service rendered in behalf of the south, and for the maintenance of her rights under the constitution, he found it necessary for his personal safety to depart from his native state, then overrun with Federal troops and lawless mobs. He accordingly settled in Murray county, this state, where he has since resided, and engaged successfully in agricultural pursuits. He became one of the leading

602

MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

citizens of his adopted county, and has taken an active interest in the management of her affairs. From 1871 to the present time he has been a member of the board of education of Murray county, and has served as a commissioner of roads and revenues. In 1886 he became the candidate of the democratic party for the office of senator from the Forty-third senatorial district, comprising the counties of Gor don, Whitfield and Murray. He was elected and served as senator during the years 1886-87. In tne legislature he was assigned to the committees on agriculture, public property, privileges and elections, mines and mining, and immigration. In committee work he soon demonstrated his efficiency as a valuable legislator, and also took an active part in the deliberations on the floor of the senate. At the close of his legislative term it was generally conceded that he had made one of the best representatives ever returned from the Forty-third district. By their marriage the parents of Col. McKamy had seven children: David; James A.; John; William; Alargaret, who married George Maxwell; Nancy; and Mary, who married S. W. Eldridge. The paternal grandfather of Col. McKamy was James McKamy, born in Rockbridge county, Va., about 1752. He served in the patriot army during the war of the revolution, and settled in Tennessee in 1787, married Nancy Telford, reared a family, and died in Blount county, that state, in 1845. His son William served in the war of 1812. Col. McKamy is a member of the Presbyterian church and belongs to the masonic fraternity.

JWIAJ. M. D. L. M'CROSKEY, retired merchant, Cohutta Springs, was born in McMinn county, Tenn., May 22,1830. His early life was spent in that county,
where he received his education. In his youth he acquired a taste for a mercan tile and business career, and his first business venture was at Montgomery, Ala., where he disposed of a lot of horses, and acquired in 1855 an interest in a livery stable. This interest he soon disposed of and went to Atlanta. In the spring of 1858 he visited New York city and became associated with a leading mercantile house, and was at once launched upon a business career, successfully conducted through many and various ventures for upward of a quarter of a century. During this period his calling as a salesman required his presence at different times in all parts and sections of the Union. He early acquired an extensive business acquaint ance, and profited by his opportunities to familiarize himself with business meth ods, and to obtain an acute knowledge of human nature in all its phases. There is, probably, no resident of this state better informed regarding the condition of the country, its business needs and requirements, than Maj. McCroskey. A gentleman of affable and agreeable presence, of broad mind, ripened bv many years of personal experience with men and affairs, he is doubtless possessed of advantages that can only be acquired in the school of personal experience. The opening of the great
war between the states found him in Xew York city. His sympathies were natur ally with the southern people, and his trade relations and patrons were chiefly south of Mason and Dixon's line. He accordingly resolved to return to the south, and arrived in Savannah in the spring of 1861. He engaged in the drug business in Atlanta until 1863. when he went to Saltville, Va., and was there engaged in the
salt trade and manufacture until the close of the war. He received a major's com mission from the Confederate government, and held the rank from 1863 until the surrender of Lee and Johnston. He sustained close business relations with that government, and supplied the army with the product of his salt works until his plant was captured by Federal troops under Gen. Stoneman. In the autumn of 1865 he returned to Xew York and again engaged in mercantile pursuits, which he followed until 1890. In the latter year he retired from business and settled with his family in Atlanta. In that city he resides during the winter seasons, retiring to his fine country seat in M urray county in the summer of each year. His plantation is one

MURRAY COUNTY SKETCHES.

603

of the largest and most productive in North Georgia, and contains 2,240 acres of choice agricultural land, interspersed \yith heavy timber and possessing excellent
spring water. Here Maj. McCroskey enjoys in quiet retirement the profitable results
of many years of honest business industry, and a competency honorably achieved. Besides his estate in Murray county he is the owner of a valuable business block
in Atlanta and a fine dairy farm in the suburbs of that city, on which is located his winter residence. Andm here, as well as on his Murray county plantation, this social and genial gentleman is ever at home to his friends. In 1868 Maj. McCros key was united in marriage in Brooklyn, N. Y., to Miss Lizzie Cam. His wife was
the daughter of John and Lizzie Cam, of Bamburg, S. C, and was reared and edu
cated at Charleston, where she resided until the commencement of the war, when she took up her home in Atlanta. Mrs. McCroskey was present at the bombard
ment of Fort Sumter, and stood within fifty feet of the first gun fired at the fort.
By their marriage they had two daughters: Lizzie Bell and Julia Evans. Lizzie died in New York city in April, 1870, a child remarkable for intelligence and pre cocity. Julia is at present a student in the high school in Atlanta. The father of Maj. McCroskey was a native of Sevier county, Tenn., where he was born in
1807. He resided in that county until 1860, when he settled in Atlanta and engaged in mercantile business. He died at Cleveland, Tenn., in 1892, at the age of eighty-
four years. He married Sarah Stephenson, a daughter of Andrew Stephenson, ot
Sevier county, Tenn. They reared two sons and six daughters: Louisa, now deceased; Caroline, deceased; Amanda, wife of J. T. Horle, of Cleveland, Tenn.; Tennie and Harriet, residents of Chattanooga, and Addie. also deceased. The
mother of Maj. McCroskey died at Tunnel Hill, Ga., in 1871.

HON. PLEASANT M'GHEE, farmer, Spring Place, is a native of Morgan county, Tenn., although by nurture and long established residence, he has
acquired all the tastes and manners of the Georgian. His parents died during his early infancy. In 1840, at the age of seven years, he was brought to Murray
county by his grandfather, and was chiefly reared in that county. In 1849 tne
gold fever broke out in California and he migrated to southwestern Missouri near the Indian territory, where he lived and traded among the Indians. In 1855, with a company of friends he stalled for the gold fields on the Pacific slope, jour neying by way of Fort Scott, Fort Kearney, and Fort Laramie, over the vast prairies, crossing the Rocky mountains, to the north of Salt Lake City, at Soda Springs, and after experiencing divers adventures and hairbreadth escapes finally
arrived at Sacramento in August. At what is now known as Eldorado he engaged in mining during the following eighteen months, and succeeded fairly well. In 1857 he recrossed the mountains and the prairies, and again located in south west Missouri, engaging in the cattle trade, which he operated successfully until
1858, when he returned to Georgia and married Miss Frances Cleveland, daugh ter of Robert Cleveland. They moved to southwest Missouri, where Mr. McGhee
engaged in farming and trading. Previous to the commencement of the war Mr. McGhee was a sturdy Union man; but when state after state withdrew from the Federal compact he took sides with the Confederacy. He first enlisted in the territorial regiment. Obtaining a leave of absence he returned to Georgia with his family, and then rejoined his command under Col. Stanwiddie. The forces
were reorganized and Mr. McGhee aided in raising a company, of which he was first made lieutenant; and later, on the death of the captain, he was elected and commissioned captain of Company H, Sixteenth Missouri infantry. This regi
ment was commanded by Col. Lewis, and was attached to Parson's brigade. He was first engaged at the battle of Prairie Grove, in Arkansas, and fought at Helena, on July 3, 1863, under Price, where his command sustained defeat. Capt.

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McGhee entered the fight with forty men and retired with fifteen, twenty-five having been killed, wounded or captured. He, too, sustained a slight wound. He was next engaged in the battle of Mansfield, La, under Gen. Kirby Smith. Here Banks and the Federals sustained a severe defeat, losing a larg amount of commissary stores. His command entered winter quarters at Camden, Ark., and continued in active service until surrendered at Shreveport, La., in 1865, where he was paroled and returned to his home in broken health. His property inter ests were ruined during the war, and as a result of four years of strife. He engaged in agricultural pursuits and by his industry, perseverance and good judg ment he soon found himself in possession of a reasonable competency. As a man of affairs he rapidly arose to prominence in his county. His friends realiz ing his worth frequently urged his name for public office. In the years 1881-8283-84, he served as a member of the board of commissioners of Murray county. In 1886 he became the candidate of his party for representative in the legislature; he was elected and served in the general assembly for 1886-87, and served on the committee on agriculture, mines and mining, counties and county mat ters, wild lands, and roads and bridges, and in all of these committees he was an active and zealous worker. He introduced a bill to prevent landlords and retail merchants from charging in excess of 15 per cent, of the value of the property or goods. This bill stirred up considerable commotion, and Mr. McGhee is still of the opinion that it was a just and equitable measure and should have been enacted into a law. He returned from the legislature with clean hands and a good name, and has since followed the peaceful pursuits of agriculture on his farm near Spring Place. While not actively engaged in politics he still takes an active interest in all questions affecting the prosperity of Georgia and her people. By his marriage Mr. McGhee has five children: Orazaba E., wife of John L. Gait; William T.; Florence J., who married Howard Lowry; Pleasant F.; and Oscar R. JOSEPH A. PRICE, M. D., is by birth a Tennesseean, having been born in
McMinn county in July 5, 1854. He was educated at Cog Hill. On finishing his studies he engaged for three years in agricultural and mercantile pursuits. He began the study of medicine under the guidance of Dr J. C. King of Cog Hill, and engaged in the practice of medicine in Tennessee in 1875. In 1878 he settled in Murray county, Ga., where he has since resided. In 1880 he entered the Southern Medical college at Atlanta, and continued a student in that institution until the spring of 1882, when he was graduated. He at once entered actively upon the practice of his profession in Murray county. In 1886, he took a special course in the Atlanta Medical college on diseases of women and children, and at the close of his course he received the Adynamia degree. His practice is extensive throughout the counties of Murray and Whitfield in this state, and in Polk and Bradley counties in Tennessee. Dr. Price makes a specialty of the treatment of the diseases of women and children. He is a gentleman of high character and acknowledged ability in his profession. He is an active member of the Cum berland Presbyterian church at Sumach. In 1876 he married Miss Susie E. Smith, daughter of B. F. Smith of Murray county, and has one son, Thomas. The father of Dr. Price was George W. Price, a native of Virginia, who migrated to Tennessee in his youth. He married Matilda Howard of Union Court House, S. C., and reared eight children: John H., now deceased: Nathaniel S. of Polk county, Tenn.: Henry B. of Texas: Joseph A.; Martha, who married George W. Moore and is now dead: Louisa, wife of M. M. Baker of Polk county. Tenn.; Abigail (deceased): Tenny S.. wife of James Osbornc of Polk county. Tenn. John H. and Xathaniel S. both served in the Confederate army during the war. On the death of his father Dr. Price inherited an estate of the value of $1.500

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which soon passed from out his hands. Being thrown upon his own resources he earned every dollar afterward spent on his education, and defrayed his expenses at college with the proceeds of his early professional earnings. To his energy and perseverance is due his success in life, and his present position of independence.

C O. STAFFORD, physician, Dennis, is one of Murray county's leading physi-
" cians. He is a native of Sevier county, Tenn., where he was born in 1834. In 1846 he moved with his parents to Georgia, settling first in Chattooga and later
in Dade county, where he grew to manhood. The father of Dr. Stafford was Mathew A. Stafford, born in North Carolina, who was a son of Henry Stafford, of Virginia. Mathew married Sally M. Smith in Tennessee, reared a family and died in that state about 1857. Dr. Stafford was educated in the common schools of the country and at Sulphur Springs academy, Alabama. He taught in the common schools for a time, but having manifested a strong desire to engage in the practice of medicine, he resolved to prepare himself for that profession. In 1855 he entered the medical department of the university of Georgia at Augusta, where
he pursued a course of study until the autumn of 1856, when he entered the Nash ville (Tenn.) Medical college, and was graduated from that institution in the spring of 1857. Immediately thereafter he.commenced the practice of his profession in
Marion county, Tenn., where he continued to reside until the first year of the late war of 1861-65. He enlisted in Company H, Third Tennessee cavalry, of which company he was made first lieutenant and afterward captain. His regiment was
attached to Gen. Forrest's brigade, that was organized at Murfreesboro, Tenn., in 1862. He saw active service during the Tennessee and Kentucky campaign of 1862-63, and fought at Mumfordville, Perryville, Fort Donelson, Shiloh and many other places. In 1862-63 he participated in the celebrated raid made by Gen. For-
rest over the Mobile & Ohio railroad and fought during this raid at the battle of Lexington, Tenn., and other engagements. In this raid more than 200 miles of railroad were destroyed from below Grand Junction to Union City and more than 5,000 Federals made prisoners of war. He was again engaged under Gen. Forrest at the battle of Spring Hill, Tenn., both followed and preceded by active skirmish ing. His command covered Bragg's retreat from Tullahoma to Chattanooga,
and in September, 1863, he fought at the great battle of Chickamauga. In May, 1863, he participated in the pursuit and capture of Gen. Strait and his command near Rome, Ga. The object of this raid of the Federal force of 2,500 cavalry
was the destruction of the arsenals and cap factories at Rome and Atlanta. As senior captain, Dr. Stafford commanded the advance guard of Gen. Forrest's brigade during this running fight. The pursuit commenced at Moulton, Ala., and continued for five days and nights, in which there were quite a number of engagements, and resulted in the capture of Gen. Strait and his forces at the widow Larence's, twenty-three miles west of Rome. During the pursuit and just
before the capture the advance guard, under command of Capt. Stafford, arrived at a stream in the immediate rear of Strait's forces. The stream was swollen, and the bridge had just been destroyed by the Federals and was still burning and falling in. Capt. Stafford realizing that immediate action was necessary, has
tened back to an adjoining residence, some three or four hundred yards, where he inquired of a young girl sixteen years old, a Miss Sansum, whether the stream could be safely forded anywhere near by, as it was dangerous swimming at the bridge. During the conversation Gen. Forrest and his command came up at double quick time. The young lady pointed out a fording place a half mile dis tant She was invited by Gen. Forrest to direct the course of the troops, and leap ing upon the horse of Gen. Forrest, she rode behind him, and soon succeeded in

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piloting over the stream the entire command, an event which resulted a few hours later in the capture and surrender of Gen. Strait and all of his forces. In the fall of 1863 Dr. Stafford retired from the service in the Confederate army. Being in constant danger of capture by lawless and marauding bands, he surrendered himself to the Federals soon after, and was appointed surgeon of the First Vidette cavalry, United States volunteers, where he served for nearly a year. At the close of the war he settled in Murray county, Ga., where during the past thirty years he has been actively engaged in the practice of his profession, in which he has risen to eminence, and enjoys a high reputation as a skillful physician and surgeon. His practice at one time was very large and extended over a good portion of the counties of Murray, Whitfield, Gorden, Pickens and Gilmer. . He is an active man of affairs in Murray county, and took an active part in the sup pression of \vhite-capism in 1894-95. He is a master Mason, and a member of the Methodist church south. Dr. Stafford is the father of four children, two of whom are living: Laura M., wife of James G. Prigmore, of South Pittsburg, Tenn., and Emmie O., a recent graduate of the Dalton Female college, in the class of 1894.

WAX L. WATTS, a rising member of the Murray county bar, residing at Spring Place, was born at Fairmount, in Gordon county, Ga., in 1871. In 1881 he
moved to Cherokee county with his parents" where he grew to manhood. He was educated in the schools of Cherokee county. He early resolved to prepare himself for the practice of law, and engaged in the study of that science in Chero kee county, where on Sept. 28, 1892, he was regularly admitted to the bar in the superior court of Pickens county, at Jasper. In May, 1893, he settled at Spring Place, where he has since practiced his profession, and is winning a reputation as commendable as it is merited for skill and dexterity in the trial of cases, and for prudence and diligence in the management of the legal business. In June, 1894, Mr. Watts married Miss Minnie Daly, of Spring Place, daughter of Simon Daly, and they have one son, Roy F., born May 14,1895. The father of Mr. Watts was Sylvester R. Watts, born in Gordon county, this state, who married Miss Celia E. Stanton, daughter of Hon. J. W. Stanton, of Gordon county. The issue of this marriage was seven children: Henry L., of Cherokee county; Emma L., engaged in teaching at Ducktown, Tenn.; John Q., a student at Young Harris college, Union county, Ga.: Stanton P., of Fairmount, Ga.; Martin F., of Chero kee county; Sylvester R., Jr., also of that county, and Van L. He enlisted in the Sixth Georgia cavalry the last year of the war, when but seventeen years old, and defended the cause of the south. He died in Cherokee county in 1883. The paternal grandfather of Van L. Watts was Pleasant Watts, a native of South Caro lina, who died in Gordon county in 1856.

MUSCOGEE COUNTY.
JOHN HICKS BASS, county commissioner of Muscogee county, Ga., was bom in Monroe county. Ga., in 1821. His paternal grandfather was John H. Bass,
who was a native of Virginia. He married in Virginia and came to Georgia and settled in Hancock county, where he died about 1852. The father of John Hicks Bass was Eden Bass, a native of Hancock county, and born in 1777. He was

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a merchant in Troup county, Ga., for many years. He was a soldier in the war of 1812 and married a Miss Xancy Clay. They had eleven children, of whom nine lived to maturity and two now survive: John H.; Rebecca E., widow successively of William L. Stanley and J. W. Sappington, both of Columbus. John Hicks Bass had two brothers who saw military service, viz.: Robert L., a soldier in the Creek war in 1836, and Maston G., a major in Col. John Brown's regiment, Confederate states army, and killed at Richmond. In 1828 J. H. Bass removed with his parents to Troup county, Ga., and lived there and in Cham bers county, Ala., until 1841. He received his entire education in Troup county, and left school at the age of seventeen, working on his father's farm until he had arrived at the age of twenty. In 1841 he removed to Columbus, and entered the City hotel, kept by his father, and clerked there four years. Then he and his brother, Robert L. (deceased), took charge of the Oglethorpe hotel and conducted it until October, 1860. In 1857 they also bought and opened another hotel called the Perry house and conducted that also until the war began, when they were compelled to close it. In 1861 J. H. Bass bought an interest in the "Columbus Times" and ran that paper throughout the war; and was in the Home guards during the last year of the war but saw no active service. After the war he commenced to farm and still follows that pursuit. He has large farming interests in Muscogee and Chattahoochee counties, and produces about 400 bales of cotton annually. Air. Bass is a member of the board of directors of the Third National bank and of the Hamburger cotton mills, Columbus. He has served as an alder man, and has been county commissioner for twelve years. He is a demitted Mason and affiliates with the Presbyterian church. He was happily married in 1854 to Frances E., daughter of the late Archibald McGruder, a native of Georgia, and an old and respected resident of Chattahoochee county, who died in Muscogee county, 1865. This union has been blessed by the birth of several children: Dr. A. C. Bass, of Columbus, Ga.; Jennie B., wife of V. M. Brown, of Charlotte, X. C, and Roberta S., wife of James A. Lewis, of Columbus.
QAPT. THOS. JEFFERSON 'BATES, a prominent mechanic of Muscogee county, Ga., was born in Columbus, Ga., in 1836 of Scotch-Irish parentage.
His father, Asa Bates, was a native of Springfield, Mass., who came south as a captain in the First regiment of United States infantry during the Seminole war and settled in Columbus, Ga., where he was engaged in contracting and building. During the Creek war lie was a colonel of volunteers and removed to Russell county, Ala., soon after the close of that war, dying there in 1880. As a citizen he was prominent and popular and was elected sheriff of Muscogee county in 1836. His father, Eli Bates, was a lieutenant-colonel of Massachusetts volunteers in the war of 1812, and was in command of his regiment at Lundy's Lane under Gen. Scott. His grandfather, Edwin Bates, was a soldier in the French war and was at the storming of Quebec under Gen. Wolf. When the revolutionary war commenced he was sixty-five years old and a fanner living near Deerfield, Mass. There he raised a company of rifles, his own relations mostly, and old frontier men who had fought through the French war with him, and joining Gen. Starke marched to Boston and was in ihe battle of Bunker Hill, and out of forty men in the company all were kinsmen but fifteen. He followed the fortunes of the patriot army until its close at Yorktown, a captain of Xew England continentals --seventy-three years old--in his last battle. This grand old soldier is justly the pride of the Bates family. He was an honest patriot who would not accept pro motion that would keep him from his children as be called his men. At the age of seven years Thomas J. Bates removed with his parents to Russell county. Ala., and lived there until 1876, when he moved to Muscogee county, near

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Columbus, Ga., where he now resides. He received his primary education in Columbus, and was for a time a student at the Georgia "Military institute, at Marietta, leaving there in 1855 and going with his father into the bridge building business, remaining with him until March 15, 1861. He was mustered into the sen-ice of the Confederacy at Montgomery, Ala., in the Sixth Alabama regiment commanded by Col., now United States Senator, John B. Gordon. Mr. Bates entered as a private and in a week was made line sergeant. In October, 1861, while he was in prison at Washington, having been captured at First Manassas and held five months, he was made brevet second lieutenant of the provisional army, receiving an informal parole in December, 1861, and was regularly exchanged later. He reported for duty at Richmond, Ya., in December, 1861, and served there until after the battle of Malvern Hill, thence being ordered to Columbus, Ga., to report to Capt. J. F. Waddell in command of Waddell's bat tery. Arriving in Columbus, Ga., the company was reorganized and sent to Ken tucky under Gen. E. Kirby Smith. After the battle of Murfreesboro the battery was sent to Vicksburg and thence to Champion Hills or Baker's Creek, where Mr. Bates was made first lieutenant. He served as first lieutenant until after the battle of Xe\v Hope church, when he was brevetted captain, and, on July 22, 1864, in front of Atlanta, he was made full captain and sent to Macon and thence to Columbus, Ga., where his last fight was with Wilson's raiders. He was captured at Champion Hills, Miss., afterward at Vicksburg, but escaped in a few minutes. After the war Capt. Bates returned to Russell county, Ala., and com menced to farm, and in 1867-8 began contracting. In 1869 he built 206 bridges on the Mobile & Girard railroad. In 1876 he was chief master carpenter in the construction of the great Eagle & Phoenix mills, of Columbus, Ga., which took five years, working under Engineer-in-Chief John Hill of Columbus, Ga. Then in 1881 Capt. Bates and A. C. Young started a brickyard near Columbus, Ga., and four years later CapL Bates bought his partner's interest and carried it on alone until 1891, when he sold out, and has since devoted his attention to agri culture. Capt. Bates is an Odd Fellow and a Knight Templar Mason. He was married in 1855 to Miss Nettie L., daughter of the late Isaac McGehee of Russell county, Ala., and this union has been blessed by the birth of five children, viz.: Eugenia, wife of Thos. L. Tate of Columbus, Ga.; Thomas Weems Bates, and George C. Bates, both in the Merchants' and Mechanics' bank of Columbus, G_a.; Mattie Bridget; and Belle Cleburne, the wife of George H. Smith of Macon, Ga. J")R. M'DUFFIE BLAXCHARD, a prominent physician of Columbus, Ga.,
. was born in Lincoln county, Ga., Jan. 7, 1836. When at the age of two years his parents removed to Harris county, Ga., and it was in that section of the state that he received his earlier training and education. At the age of nineteen Mr. Blanchard began the study of medicine in the r.niversity of Nashville, Tenn., and two years later, in 1857, he was graduated as a doctor of medicine from the university. After his graduation Dr. Blanchard entered actively upon the prac tice of his profession and was located at intervals in several of the southern states, finally making his home-at Wharton, Wharton Co., Texas, and resided in that town during the war between the states. He served as a member of the Texas state militia six months and was then transferred to the regular army as an assistant surgeon, serving as such for less than a year. He took part in a num ber of battles, and is said to have been a good soldier. After the close of hostili ties, Dr. Blanchard practiced his profession at Wharton until 1868, at which time he removed to eastern Alabama and resided at Society Hill for two years. In 1871 he became a citizen of Georgia and practiced his profession at Green Hill, Stewart Co., until January, 1880, when he removed to his present residence

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609

at Columbus. In 1885 Dr. Blanchard was elected city physician of Colum bus. 'He is a consistent member of the Baptist church and is not a mem ber of any secret fraternity. He was joined in the holy bonds of matrimony
in July, 1860, to Miss Sarah J. Whitby, a most estimable lady of Russell county.
Ala., and this union has been blessed by the birth of three sons and two daugh ters, Burton L., who is a prosperous farmer and planter of Russell county, Ala., being the only surviving child.

l^ILLIAM C. BRADLEY, cotton factor and commission merchant, Colum bus, Ga., was born in Russell county, Ala., June 28, 1863, and is the
youngest of seven living children born to Forbes and Theresa (Clark) Bradley, viz.: Mrs. Emma J. Nuckolls; Mrs. Alice B. Nuckolls; Edmund; Forbes, Jr.; Dan; Fannie B.; Orr, and William C. Forbes Bradley was born in Connecticut, Dec. i, 1809, moved to Georgia in 1828, settled in Milledgeville, Baldwin Co., where he remained until 1832, removed thence to Columbus, Ga., where he engaged in merchandising until 1840, and then removed to Russell county, Ala., where he has since resided. He was a large slave-holder and has always been considered a very successful planter. His father was Dan Bradley, a native of Connecticut, and of Scotch extraction. Theresa (Clark) Bradley was a daughter of William Clark, who was of Welsh extraction. The gentleman whose name heads this article lived with his parents in Russell county, Ala., until he had arrived at the age of eleven years. He received his primary education in Colum bus, and later attended the agricultural and mechanical college, at Auburn, Ala. Leaving that institution in his sophomore year he returned home and managed his father's plantation until he was nineteen years of age. He then came to Columbus, and entered the office of Bussey, Goldsmith & Co., cotton factors, as a clerk, and remained with that firm two seasons, when in 1885 he and Mr. S. A. Carter succeeded to the firm, and the business was carried on under the style of Carter & Bradley. A flattering patronage was. enjoyed by the firm until its dissolution, Jan. i, 1895, when S. A. Carter sold his interest to W. C. Bradley, who continued the business the same as heretofore, giving his entire personal attention to its management The aptitude of his resources and facilities is such that thfr establishment is of that class which commands the respect, confi dence, and consideration of the citizens of Columbus, and of the people at large. Though yet a young man, Mr. Bradley is possessed of rare talent and business experience. He is a member of the board of directors of the Third National bank of Columbus, of the Columbus Savings bank, and vice-president of the Rose Hill Improvement company. He has devoted much time to agricultural pursuits and is probably one of the largest cotton planters in Georgia--marketing about 750 bales of the fleecy staple annually. In politics Mr. Bradley is a firm demo crat, is a pay member of the Columbus guards, and a member of the benevolent and protective Order of Elks. On April 27, 1887, he was married to Miss Sarah M. Hall of Columbus, an estimable lady of culture and refinement, and a daughter of Harry T. and E. J. (Howard) 'Hall. Harry T. Hall was a native of Boston, Mass., and his wife, E. J. Howard, was born and reared in Columbus. Both Mr. Hall and his wife are dead.
REV. W. A. CARTER, pastor of the First Presbyterian church, Columbus, 'Ga., was born in Mobile, Ala., May 13, 1836, and is the son of Dr. Jesse and Mary
L. (Kennedy) Carter. Dr. Jesse Carter was born in North Carolina in 1807 and was graduated from the university of North Carolina, then from the university of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, and in 1830 settled in Mobile, where he was engaged in the practice of medicine until his health failed. He was for fifty years an
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elder in the Presbyterian church. Mrs. Mary Carter was also a native of Mobile and was a daughter of Dr. William E. Kennedy. The gentleman whose name heads this article was the eldest of seven children born of their union, the others being Susan V., Mary E., Cecil, Jessie, Florence D. and Braxton. Rev. William A. Carter received a part of his education at Oglethorpe university, Midway, Ga., near Milledgeville. He was also a student at the university of Virginia, and subsequently attended the Union Theological seminary at Columbus, S. C. In the spring of 1861 he entered the Confederate service as a member of the Twentyfirst Alabama volunteers, Mobile rifles, and was appointed chaplain. He was made a prisoner of war at Port Morgan, taken to New Orleans, La., and incar cerated three weeks, when he was exchanged. He was soon after ordered to
report to Gen. Robert E. Lee for duty in the army of Northern Virginia, and was detailed as chaplain of the Twelfth South Carolina regiment, but was after ward sent to the department of the gulf, with headquarters at Mobile, Ala. After the close of the war he returned to Mobile and preached for four months in the Government Street Presbyterian church, and was soon thereafter employed by the American Seaman's Aid society to work among the sailors at that port, which duty he performed about one year, going thence to Pensacola, Fla., where he was pastor of the Presbyterian church for fifteen years. He has had charge of the First Presbyterian church of Columbus since 1881. He was happily married on March 21, 1864, to Miss Agnes L. Quigley, a most estimable lady of Columbia, S. C. whom he had met while a student of the theological seminary, and this union has been blessed by the birth of five children, three of whom survive: William Alonzo, Braxton Curtiss and Edith Lee. In July, 1891, Mr. Carter was called upon to mourn the sad death of his eldest daughter, Mary A., who was a devout Christian and noted for her tenderness and charity, and love of her parents, the comfort and joy of her aged father, whose loss is almost irreparable.

\3yiLLIAM L. CLARK, now retired from business and residing at Columbus, Ga., was born in Savannah, Ga.T Oct. 15, 1827, and is a son of John L. and
Harriet F. (Poullen) Clark. John L. Clark was born in the state of New York in 1801 and was a son of John G. Clark, who was a sea captain for many years and also a cotton manufacturer of Xew York state and of English extraction. John L. was a cabinet-maker by trade and was also a dealer in furniture. His death took place in 1859. ^rs- Harriet F. Clark was a native of Savannah, Ga., and a daughter of John P. Poullen. who was born in France. William L. Clark is the eldest of the four children born to his parents, the remaining three being Sarah L., Maria H. and Laura B. He learned the trade of machinist in the
shops of the Central Railroad & Banking company of Georgia, and in 1851 became master of the machine department In 1853 ne remove(i to Columbus, Ga., having accepted the position of master mechanic of the Muscogee railroad, also of the Mobile & Girard railroad, and subsequently became superintendent of the latter road. In 1867 he was appointed general agent in Columbus for the
Central Railroad & Banking company. In 1868 the Mobile & Girard railroad was consolidated with the Southwestern railroad and Mr. Clark was appointed general agent of the new corporation. In 1871 he was elected superintendent of the Mobile & Girard Railroad company, and held that position until 1887. He was also general manager of the Columbus & Rome Railroad company from 1882 until 1887, with headquarters at .Columbus. Although now retired from active business, Mr. Clark is a director in the Merchants' and Mechanics' bank,
and for many years has been a director of the Columbus & Western Railroad com pany. He has also served as a member of the city council of Columbus. In

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1858 he married Miss Pauline, daughter of John I. Ridgeway, of Columbus, and
became the father of nine children, seven of whom are now in life, viz: Frederick A., William L., Paul, Ira P., John G., Harry M. and Robin. Mr. Clark is a member of the masonic fraternity and is exceedingly well posted in the rites of that most ancient order.

JUDGE ABRAM WHITENACK COZART, judge of the recorder's court of Columbus, Ga., was born on June 14, 1870, in Loudon county, East Tenn.
His early childhood was spent in the beautiful Sweetwater valley. Col. A. W. Cozart, his father, was a wealthy merchant and one of the most highly respected
citizens of that entire section. Abram was the youngest child, on which account his father was particularly attached to him. Before he was old enough to go to school he traveled with his parents extensively throughout the north and south
and thereby had excellent opportunities to learn by observation. When he was fifteen years old he was sent to Hiwassee college, Monroe county, Tenn. Hiwassee is the alma mater of ex-Postmaster-General D. M. Key, Judge C. J. Wellborn, Hon. L. N. Trammell, Judge John L. Hopkins and Hon. A. S. Clay.
Young Cozart remained at college for three years and was graduated in the A. B.
course May 15, 1888. During his entire stay at college he was absent only two days. He was the youngest member of his class, but notwithstanding that fact stood first On commencement day he delivered an oration on Unity of Purpose,
which he wrote in less than a day. While he was at college his parents moved to Columbus, and he came here shortly after he completed his studies. Desiring to perfect his education, he wanted to teach. President J. Harris Chappell and
Supt. W. H. Woodall, of Columbus, Ga., gave him great assistance in this, his first work. He was elected principal of the high school at Waverly Hall,
Ga., during the year 1889 and was wonderfully successful. In 1890 he was elected principal of the Cusseta high school, Cusseta, Ga., and there he met with the same success. At the beginning of the year 1891 he entered the law office of Goetchius & Chappell to read law. These gentlemen took great interest in the young student and instructed him thoroughly in the elementary principles of
law. He was admitted to the bar before Judge Roger L. Gamble, Jr. After finishing the prescribed three years' course subsequent to taking the A. B. degree, his alma mater conferred upon him the A. M. degree. At the beginning of the
session of the general assembly of Georgia of 1892 he was appointed to a clerk ship in the house of representatives. On account of his strong and clear voice he was made the reading clerk. This was very fortunate for Cozart, for there is no one in the entire legislature who has as good an opportunity to learn parliamentary law as the reading clerk. In addition to his appointment as reading clerk he was appointed clerk of the general judiciary committee. Here he had an opportunity to get intimately acquainted with thirty learned lawyers and also
to learn the minutiae of law-making. His services were so satisfactory during this session that many of the members voluntarily asked that he be reappointed for the session of 1893, and in compliance with their wishes he was reappointed.
During the session of the legislature of 1893 the city council of Columbus created the office of recorder and Mr. Cozart was elected to fill the office over one of the best and most prominent young men of the state, and he has since enjoyed the distinction of being re-elected twice without opposition. The young judge
is a polished scholar and has already gained prominence in his profession, the practice of law. He is an entertaining speaker and is invited to deliver addresses on numerous occasions. He is in demand at every political gathering which
he may attend, and during the last state campaign did good work for his party.

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MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

Judge Cozart is one of the rising young men of the state and his friends predict an honored and useful career for him.

F)ANIEL PRESTON DOZIER was born in Muscogee county, Ga., twelve miles east of the city of Columbus, April 26,1848. His father was John Beall Dozier,
a native of Warren county, Ga., born in 1807. He was a farmer all his life, and died in Muscogee county in 1873. His grandfather was Rev. Richard Dozier, a Methodist Episcopal minister, a native of Georgia, who died in 1855 at the age ot seventy years. John Beall Dozier married Emily Huff, a native of Edgefield district, S. C, who died in 1884. Of this union were bora eight children, of whom seven now survive: Antoinette, wife of Joseph F. Pou, of Columbus, Ga.; James L., who was a private in the Forty-sixth Georgia regiment, and served throughout the war; Virginia, wife of W. A. Little, of Columbus, Ga.; Homer W., Atlanta; John Edger, who died in January, 1882; Lula, wife of George S. Loundes, of Columbus; Alberts. Dozier, of Columbus; and Daniel Preston. Daniel Preston Dozier was brought up and primarily educated in Muscogee county, and in 1869 entered the university of Georgia, Athens, but was compelled to leave college a year before graduation on account of illness. In April, 1864, he entered the Con federate service as a private in Company A, Third Georgia regiment, and served as such until the war closed. He participated in the battles of Atlanta, Griswoldville, and Columbus. After the close of the war Mr. Dozier entered the dry goods house of John McGough & Co., and was with that firm twelve years. He then bought an interest in the hardware business of j. A. Frazer & Co. and the firm became Frazer & Dozier, which continued until Oct. 10, 1894, when Mr. Dozier sold his interest. In 1882 he was elected a member of the city council from the Third ward of Columbus, and then was elected mayor for two years. Mr. Dozier is a director in the North Highlands Land and Investment company, and in the North Highlands Electric Railroad company, of Columbus. He is a member of the Odd Fellows, Knights of Pythias, Red Men, and of the Elks. Mr. Dozier was married in 1877 to Miss Havanna P. Beach, a daughter of William Beach, one of the most prominent citizens of Columbus. This union has been blessed by the birth of four children, all of whom are living: William B., Helen, Daniel Preston, andEdwina.

JOHN FRANCIS FLOURNOY, one of the progressive, active and wide-awake business men of Columbus, Ga., was born in the village of Wynnton, a suburb
of that city, on March 13, 1847. His father was John Manley Flournoy, a native of Eatonton, Putnam Co., Ga. He was a farmer all his active life, and died in Columbus, Ga., in September, 1859, at the age of forty-five years. He was a soldier in the Creek war of 1836. Josiah Flournoy, grandfather of John F. Flournoy, was born in Chesterfield county, Va., in 1789, and came to Georgia in 1797, locating in Eatonton, Ga., and died June 14, 1832. John Francis Flournoy was reared and received his earlier education in Columbus, Ga.,-spending one year at the university of Alabama at Tuscaloosa, and leaving there about July i, 1864. Soon afterward he went to Mobile, Ala., with the Alabama corps of cadets, where he went into active service, remaining there about two months. He then returned to Columbus, Ga., and joined Nelson's Georgia rangers at Florence, Ala., as a private. This company was an independent cavalry company and acted as escort to Gen. Stephen D. Lee throughout the Tennessee campaign, coming through with the army to Greensboro, N. C., where the company surrendered. Mr. Flour noy was in the battle of Chehaw, Ala., July, 1864, with Rousseau and his raiders, who were destroying the Western railway of Alabama; also the battles of Franklin, Tenn., Columbia, Tenn., and Nashville, Tenn. He had two brothers in the Con-

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613

federate service, viz.: Charles Gordon Flournoy, who entered the service as a private in Nelson's rangers in 1862. He was captured at Mechanicsville, Miss., in 1863 and held until the war dosed. Josiah, who enlisted in Nelson's rangers
in 1864, at the age of fourteen, was sent home on account of his youth. After the surrender of Johnston's army at Greensboro, N. C, John F. Flournoy, with one dollar in silver in his pocket, started to his home in Columbus, Ga., reaching there
two weeks later. Soon afterward he went to a plantation belonging to his mother in Russell county, Ala., and raised cotton there until 1873 with fair success. He
managed the farm for his mother, and bought it a few years thereafter. In 1873 Mr. Flournoy returned to Columbus, Ga., and together with C. C. McGehee, H.
H. Epping, Sr., and Joseph Hanserd went into the cotton warehouse and commis sion business. This firm (Flournoy, McGehee & Co.) was dissolved about a year
later, Epping and Hanserd retiring, and Mr. B. T. Hatcher was taken in, the name being retained. The firm continued four years, when H. H. Epping, Jr., and J. F. Flournoy formed their present partnership in the warehouse business under the
name of Flournoy & Epping. They handle about 20,000 bales of cotton annually. In August, 1893, Mr. Flournoy, who had for several years been a director in the Chattahoochee National bank of Columbus, Ga., was made vice-president of that institution. In 1889 Mr. Flouraoy and others, for the purpose of aiding the
upbuilding and development of Columbus, organized the Columbus Investment company, with a capital stock of $200,000, of which he was made president In October, 1887, he and L. F. Garrard, of Columbus, Ga., and several others organ ized the Muscogee Real Estate company, with a capital stock of $300,000, which
company bought 750 acres of suburban territory east of the city, calling it East
Highlands. Mr. Flournoy was made president of the company at its organization, and has remained so since. How well this company succeeded a brief paragraph from the "Enquirer-Sun," a Columbus daily paper of Aug. 31, 1890, tells: "The
development of East Highlands within the past year is simply wonderful. The originators of the enterprise gave the signal for the breaking of the old routine improvement plan and opened a world of progression and rapid growth, and
kindled that fire and enthusiasm which has marked every successful enterprise in
the recent wonderful growth of Columbus. Here, where but three years ago stood less than half a dozen old houses, are hundreds of handsome dwellings,
occupied by a contented, happy and prosperous people," etc. This company also bought a controlling interest in the Columbus Railroad company, which at that time covered only about three miles of track, sixteen-pound rail on stringers, five small cars and about twenty small mules. To-day Columbus has twenty miles of the best-built and best-equipped electric street railway in the south. This
is the first and the only electric street railway plant operated by electricity
generated by water-power in Georgia. In 1888 Mr. Flournoy was made president of the Columbus Railroad company, and to him is Columbus indebted more than all others combined for the development of her street railway system. His pluck and energy caused to be developed at Columbus the finest electric plant south, generating electricity by water-power for the purpose of operating its street rail
ways and for furnishing cheap power to manufacturing plants. To him also is Columbus indebted for the opening and development of the first pleasure park the
citizens of that city have enjoyed. Wildwood park, near the center of the East Highlands, one of the prettiest parks in the country, stands to-day a monument to
the endeavors of one who believed in providing innocent pleasure and amusement for the people. He was chairman of the committee of citizens which, in two weeks' time in 1886, raised $150,000 for the building of the Georgia Midland road.
He was made vice-president of that road in 1889. He is also a director of the Columbus Water Works company. Mr. Flournoy was lieutenant in the City Light

614

MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

guards of Columbus in 1886, but resigned after filling that office three months. He regularly attends the Presbyterian church, though not a member of any church. He was happily married in November, 1869, to Rebecca Epping, daughter of H. H. Epping, Sr. She departed this life in May, 1873, leaving as the fruit of. that union two children, viz: John F., Jr., and Rebecca. Mr. Flournoy was again married in 1881 to Man- W., daughter of the late Walker Reynolds, of Talladega county, Ala., and by this marriage has been blessed by the birth of seven children.
viz.: Reynolds, Maude, Josiah, Gordon, Mary Hannah, John Manley and Walker.

pREDERICK B. GORDON, of the firm of Joseph Kyle & Co., Columbus, Ga., was born in Newton, a suburb of Boston, Mass., in 1857. He was reared
and educated in the town of his birth and is a graduate of its high school. He left school at the age of eighteen and soon after came to Columbus, becoming a partner with J. O. Matthews & Co., of Augusta, Ga., in the commercial fertilizer business, continuing in that business for several years. In 1887 Mr. Gordon became a member of the firm of Kyle & Co. On his shoulders falls the responsi bility of the active management of the business of his firm, his duties including the purchase of all the goods for the dry goods and manufacturing departments, the dictation of all correspondence and the decision of all questions of credit So well, however, has he systematized the business of the house that he finds time
to shake hands with customers of the house on the street, and to make occasional trips into the surrounding country in addition to his regular trips to the northern markets. His qualifications are best summed up by the statement that under his management the business has been more successful than at any time in its history-. He was secretary and treasurer of the first exposition given by the Chattahoochee Valley Exposition company, and is now the president of the Columbus board of trade. He has served on the public library board, and is a member of the board of school trustees. Mr. Gordon was happily married in November, 1883, to Miss Rosa Crook, a step-daughter of Joseph Kyle, his partner, and this union has been blessed by the birth of two daughters: Mary Elizabeth and Margaret Crook. Mr. Gordon is a deacon in the First Presbyterian church.

DOBERT S. GRIER, general manager of the Chattahoochee Brewing companj- of Columbus, Ga., was born in Burlington, Vt., in 1850. His father
was Thomas J. Grier, a native of Dublin, Ireland. He was a brevet-lieutenant of the City Light Artillery of Eufaula, Ala., was injured at Cumberland mountain, and after his recover}- was employed by the government in getting out grind stones at Columbus, Ga. He was also at the siege of Atlanta. After the close of hostilities he was chief of police of Columbus, Ga., and held that position when the city was taken by Wilson's raiders. He died in 1884, leaving a son and four daughters, viz.: Robert S., whose name heads this article; Marv E., wife of R. A. Davis of Columbus, Ga.: Elizabeth E., wife of P. H. Kelly of Macon; Catharine C.. wife of John J. Conners of Montgomery, Ala.; Matilda, wife of W. S. McKnight of Columbus, Ga. Robert S. Grier came to Raleigh, N. C., in 1855, in company with his sister, whose health had failed, and he resided in that city for four years. In 1859 he removed to Eufaula, Ala., coming to Columbus, Ga., three years later, and has since resided there continuously. He was drug clerk in Eufaula, Ala., for a time and in 1866 he entered a dry goods establishment as a clerk, remaining in that position five years. In 1871 he was engaged as clerk in the wholesale grocery concern of J. & J. Kaufman and remained with that firm eight years, going thence to Atlanta, Ga., where he entered the employ of Maddox & Rucker, wholesale tobacconists, and'was with that firm until they

MUSCOGEE COUNTY SKETCHES.

fa-

disppsed of their business to Russell & Co., three years later. His services were retained by the new firm for four years, when lie returned to Columbus, Ga., and devoted his attention to a general merchandise business he had established
there two years before. In 1886 he removed to Brunswick, Ga., and engaged in the beer and ice business. Disposing of that business three years later he
returned to Columbus, thence traveled to Europe for pleasure; returning in the
early autumn of 1893 he accepted his present position in November of that year.
Just one mile west of Columbus is situated the plant of the Chattahoochee Brewing company, one of the most important and successful enterprises centered about that city. The long columns of black smoke which seem to rise unendingly
above the plant are emblematic in a way of the quiet work that goes unceasingly on, both of the men and of the chemical actions of the ingredients of the beer,
within the plant The amount invested in their plant by the Chattahoochee
Brewing company is $200,000. The plant contains the most modern, and
improved machinery, and nothing has been spared to arrange for making the beer wholly pure and first class. Much of the success which the company is attaining, and the excellent and widespread reputation which its beers are acquir
ing, is due in a large manner to the intelligent and industrious work of General Manager Grier. He is thoroughly conversant with all the details of beer-making and is well equipped to direct the interior operations of the company's plants, as
well as the office work and the company's business with its hundreds of customers. Although he has never sought political preferment, Mr. Grier was at one time
elected alderman of Columbus, but being a citizen of Brunswick, Ga., he was
ineligible. He was very active in the reorganization of the Columbus Light guards after the war, and was made a lieutenant, serving as such twelve years thereafter. He is a member of the Roman Catholic church, and served as
secretary and treasurer of the Young Men's Catholic union of Columbus, Ga.,
for several years.

QEORGE J. GRIMES, M. D., was born in the city of Columbus, Ga., Jan. 12, 1847. He began the study of medicine under his father, Dr. Thomas
W. Grimes, one of the leading physicians of Columbus. Young Grimes was graduated from the Bellevue Hospital Medical college of Xew York city in 1868; returned to Columbus the same year and entered actively upon the practice of his profession, in which he has achieved a very wide and enviable reputation. In 1872-73 Dr. Grimes was made visiting physician to the Columbus City hospital, and from 1886 to 1891 was president of the board of health of Columbus. In this capacity he rendered much valuable service to the public in preventing, by a rigid system of quarantine, the influx of refugees from the various quarters infected with the yellow fever. In 1892 Dr. Grimes was elected first vice-president of the Georgia State Medical association. He is the author of a series of papers of much practical value to the medical profession, on the subjects of Aneurism, Hernia and Tubercular Meningitis. Personally Dr. Grimes is held in highest esteem, and is a social favorite and of Chesterfieldian manners. While held in high esteem by the rich, he commands the gratitude of the poor on account of appreciated services rendered them, and is a typical representative of the true southern gentleman, many of whom are yet found in the old county of
Muscogee.
DENJAMIN THOMAS HATCHER, president of the Hatcher Manufacturing: company of Columbus, Ga., was born in that city Oct. 30, 1847. being the
second son of Samuel J. and Elizabeth (McGee) Hatcher. Banjamin Hatcher, the father of Samuel J. Hatcher, was a native of Chesterfield county, Ya. He was a

6l6

MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

planter and died in the count}- of his birth. Samuel J. Hatcher was a native of Richmond, Va., and removed to Columbus, Ga., in 1838, where he died in 1861. Elizabeth (McGee) Hatcher was a daughter of Thomas McGee of Harris county, Ga., and died in 1878, leaving five children, viz.: Marshall J. of Macon, Ga.; Benjamin Thomas of Columbus, whose name heads this article; Susan A., deceased, wife of S. W. McMichael; Samuel B., of Columbus, Ga., and Mrs- W. T. Hunt of Columbus. The gentleman whose name heads this sketch received his entire education in the common schools of his native section, and early in 1864, at the tender age of seventeen, enlisted as a private in a company of youths organized in Columbus, commanded by Capt. Walter Gordon, a brother of Gen. John B. Gordon of Confederate fame. This company of the flower of the youth of Columbus tendered its services to the then Gov. Joseph E. Brown, and was ordered by him to West Point, Ga., where it was joined by the Georgia cadets, another company of young men. Both companies were stationed at West Point about two months, at the end of which time they were disbanded by Gov. Brown, on account of the extreme youth of the members. After the disbanding of the company, young Hatcher went to his father's plantation in Marion county, and a few months later joined another company, organized in Muscogee county, com manded by Capt. G. C. Reedy; but was soon thereafter placed on the staff of Gen. P. J. Phillip, ranking as sergeant, and served in that capacity until the surrender. Sergt. Hatcher participated in the battles around Atlanta, Griswoldville and Savannah; and the last time he saw fighting was with Wilson's raiders at Columbus, Ga. After the \var closed Mr. Hatcher returned to the plantation in Marion county, and was engaged in agricultural pursuits until 1873, when he removed to Columbus and entered the firm of Flournoy, McGee & Co., cotton warehousemen, remaining with them two years. In 1875 Mr. Hatcher formed a partnership in the cotton business in connection with Flournoy, senior member of the firm, under the firm name of Flournoy & Hatcher, which lasted two years. Then Mr. Hatcher and C. C. McGee of Atlanta formed a partnership in the cotton business, lasting three years, McGee retiring. Mr. Hatcher then formed a partner ship with Judge W. H. Brannon, but two years later he purchased his partner's interest and conducted the business alone until 1887, when he disposed of it and removed to Macon, Ga.. where, in 1888, he and his brother, M. J. Hatcher of that city, organized a stock company known as the Hatcher Manufacturing company, with a capital stock of $50,000--M. J. Hatcher, president, and Benjamin T. Hatcher, vice-president Two years later the plant of the Hatcher Manufacturing company was entirely destroyed by fire, but was rebuilt at once at Columbus. The following June Benjamin T. Hatcher bought his brother's interest, was made ^ resident and retains that position at this time. Under his wise administration c: affairs the success of the enterprise has been marked, and the company now has an annual volume of business amounting to more than $60,000. In addition to his large manufacturing interests, Mr. Hatcher finds time to engage extensively in agricultural pursuits, owning large farming interests in Chattahoochee county, Ga.."and Russell county. Ala., on which he produces annually about 1,000 bales of cotton and large quantities of hay and grain. He is a consistent member of the Methodist church, south, being a trustee of St Paul's church in Columbus. Mr. Hatcher was joined in marriage Sept. 29, 1871, to Miss Martha J. Estes, daughter of the late Henson S. and Martha (Gray) Estes of Columbus, Ga., and this union has been blessed by the birth of one son and three daughters: Lottie T., wife of William B. Swift, a cotton factor of Columbus; Bessie, Benjamin Carl and Vera.

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MUSCOGEE COUNTY SKETCHES.

(3l7

y^'ILLGES, president of the Golden Foundry and Machine company of Columbus, Ga., was born in Lancaster county, Penn., in 1830. He is a son
of Paul Illges, a native of Germany, who emigrated to Pennsylvania in the early
part of 1800. At the age of thirteen A. Illges left school and five years later came to Columbus, and clerked for his brother, Jacob P. Illges, a groceryman. In 1857 he was given an interest in the business, which partnership was continued for two years, when he disposed of his interest to his brother. The next two years of Mr. Illges' life was devoted to traveling for his health and pleasure. In 1864 he entered the Confederate- service as a member of the state troops and was present
at the evacuation of Savannah. In 1867 he again entered the grocery business in
Columbus, and two years later added to it a cotton business. After continuing in this nine years he went into the manufacture of jute bagging and is extensively interested in that industry at the present time. In 1889 Mr. Illges was made president of the Golden Foundry and Machine company, considered by experts as the best arranged and most substantial foundry in the southern states. Mr. Illges is a member of the board of directors of the Muscogee mills, of the Chattahoochee bank, of the Georgia Midland & Gulf railroad and of the Chattahoochee Brewing company. He also owns a one-fourth interest in a large rolling mill at Birmingham, Ala. Perhaps the best tribute that could be paid to his business ability is this opinion, expressed by one of his business associates: "One of our most energetic and highly honored citizens is Mr. A. Illges, a gentleman of untiring energy and sterling integrity, whose word is as good as his bond. By his own unaided efforts lie has accumulated a handsome fortune, and is always ready to invest in any enterprise which tends to the advancement of the city of his adoption. As a member of the board of commissioners of the commons, he has for a number of years served the city faithfully, and as president of the Golden Foundry and 'Machine company, as a director of the Chattahoochee National bank, also of the Georgia Midland & Gulf Railroad company, the Muscogee Manufacturing company, and the Rose Hill company, his large brain has contributed greatly to their success." Being a strictly business man, Mr. Illges devotes none of his time to politics. He is a prominent member of the masonic fraternity, in which he takes much interest. Mr. Illges was married in 1879 to Miss Mary L. Barnett, a most estimable lady of Columbus, a daughter of John Barnett, deceased, who was a prominent citizen of the city. This union of hearts and hands has been blessed by the birth of two sons and five daughters, viz.: John, Paul, Mary, Fannie, Ethel, Almyr, Nouna and Abraham. The Illges' home is perhaps one of the most beautiful in Georgia.

DUFUS JONES, senior member of the firm of Jones Bros., lumber dealers, Columbus, Ga., was born in Chattahoochee county, Ga., in 1860. He was
reared and educated in the county of his birth. Leaving school at the age of twenty he came to Columbus and began to work in the Columbus iron works, in the planing mill department. He left the iron works in 1882 and erected a planing mill of his own, with O. P. WiHinsbam as a partner, continuing in
that business about two years. Then he was made foreman of the planing mill department of the Columbus iron works, where he remained four years. Mr. Jones and his brother, W. T. Jones, then erected a planing mill, and six months later W. T. Jones died. Rufus Jones then carried on the business alone five years, at the end of which time he formed a partnership with his brother, J. H. Jones. In 1893 T. A. Butts was admitted to the firm. This firm began business in Columbus in the fall of 1888 with a small capital, but as their business increased they added more machinery and erected more buildings, and so continued until

618

MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

to-day their plant comprises two acres of ground, nearly half of which is cov ered with buildings equipped with the very best and latest improved wood working machinery, which is driven by a loo-horse-power engine, and they make any and everything that can be manufactured of wood. Among the employes are to be found some of the most skillful artisans and experts in the various departments of the business. The success of this firm has been phenomenal, for, although in business for the short space of three and a half years, their repu tation has gone abroad beyond the limits of Georgia and adjoining states. Mr. Rufus Jones, the senior member of the firm is now, and has been from the begin ning, the general manager, and to his close attention, untiring energy, watchful care and skillful management the phenomenal success of the young firm is chiefly due. Rufus Jones is a consistent member of the Methodist Episcopal church south. He was happily joined in the holy bonds of wedlock to Miss Ida Hunt, daughter of W. T. Hunt, deceased. This union has been blessed by the birth of a
son named Kirk.

f~^ GUXBY JORDAN, a prominent banker and manufacturer of Columbus, " Ga., was born in Sparta, Hancock Co., Ga., in 1846. He received his educa
tion at the high school in his native town and his boyhood was spent in that immediate section of the state. At the age of seventeen he volunteered in the Confederate army and served as a private to the close of hostilities in the cele brated Nelson's rangers, an independent cavalry company, which was honored toward the close of the war by being made escort company to Lieut.-Gen. S. D. Lee. On his return from the army in 1865 Mr. Jordan attended school to the close of that year. In 1866 he was offered and accepted a position in charge of the office of the wholesale merchandising establishment of H. C. Mitchell & Co., of Columbus, and retained that position one year. In January, 1867, he was elected treasurer of the Eagle and Phoenix Manufacturing company, the largest cotton and woolen manufacturing concern in the southern states, and he has served as treasurer and credit-man of that corporation for twenty years thereafter. He was chosen cashier of the Eagle and Phoenix Savings bank in 1873 and was suc cessively re-elected to that position for the next thirteen years, declining re-elec tion as an officer of the Eagle and Phoenix Manufacturing company at the annual meeting of the stockholders in 1886 in order to organize the Georgia Midland & Gulf Railroad company. He was made president of the Georgia Midland Con struction company, which company built the G. M. & G. Ry. from the city or McDonough, Henry Co., Ga., to Columbus, Ga., its western terminus, a distance of 100 miles. Mr. Jordan was made general manager of the" Georgia Midland & Gulf Railroad company in 1889, and during his incumbency as general- man ager inaugurated the movement, organized and secured the charter for the Co lumbus Southern railroad, which was speedily built, connecting the cities of Co lumbus and Brunswick, via Albany, and affords an outlet to the sea for the numerous manufactures of Columbus. In 1888 Mr. Jordan organized the Third National bank of Columbus and in 1889 he organized the Columbus Savings bank, was elected president of both institutions, and sustains that relation at the present time. During the month of July, 1894, Mr. Jordan resigned his position as general manager of the Georgia Midland & Gulf railroad and severed his con nection with railroad matters entirely in order to accept the appointment of rail road commissioner of the state of Georgia, which high trust was tendered him, unsolicited, by the then governor, William J. Northen. Mr. Jordan is one of the original founders of the Mercantile Credit Guarantee company of New York, and is a member of the board of directors of the company; also a member of the

MUSCOGKE COUNTY SKETCHES.

619

directors of the General Fire Extinguisher company, of New York, capitalized at
$2,000,000. He was a member of the special commission created by act of the Georgia legislature for the purpose of settling the celebrated Western & Atlantic railroad betterments case, which commission unanimously and finally settled a case involving several hundred thousand dollars satisfactorily to every citizen of the state. In 1895 he was unanimously elected president of the Georgia Bankers' association. It may be truthfully stated that Mr. Jordan has been connected with every movement that tended to the advancement of the interests of Columbus during the past quarter of a century, and as he has held in the past, so he holds now, the responsible positions affecting the municipality. In this connection it is a pleasure to reprint some well deserved words of praise taken from the Columbus "Evening Ledger," of Sept 28, 1891. In speaking of the rapid growth of Co lumbus during the past ten years that journal says: "We are great in mills, we are great in railroads and we are great in banking institutions, and out of these three have come all the other evidences of our greatness. Out of these have
come a population doubled in ten years, of dwelling houses increased 100 per cent., of taxable values more than doubled in the last decade. Out of these have come a jobbing trade which has quadrupled in the last three years, a city with the lowest rate of taxation of any of its size in the country--a city that will right fully claim the lead in manufactures. If it be true that from our mills, our rail roads and our banks the prosperity of Columbus began, then to G. Gunby Jordan,
who has done so much in the development of these three great agencies do the people owe a debt. Such talent as he possesses would have made him great in other fields. Had he sought political preferment the full measure of his ambition
would have been met. He has elected to labor in and for the good of Columbus. Were he to be called to his long home all the people would rise to praise him, and no pen would be spared in writing his eulogy."

f)R. SETH N. JORDAN of Columbus, Ga., was born in Hancock count}-. Ga., in 1854; received his earlier education at the noted high school of Prof.
Richard Malcolm Johnston, now the renowned southern author. Mr. Jordan next
became a student at the Washington and Lee university, Lexington, Va., and was graduated therefrom in 1872, with the degree of Bachelor of Arts. Immediately after his graduation in Virginia, Mr. Jordan entered the medical department of the Polytechnical university, Hanover, Germany, remaining there several months. Dr. Jordan next entered the celebrated, university of Leipsic, pursuing medical studies for not quite three years, taking, in addition, a thorough course in tentameuphysicum, and then passing the state's examination, receiving the degree of Doctor of Medicine. He returned to the United States in 1878 and was immediately elected visiting physician to the New Orleans Charity hospital, served in that capacity for a year and a half, returned to Georgia in 1881, and located at Columbus, where he has resided for the past fourteen years. Dr. Jor dan has served as city physician of Columbus during several administrations of the city government, and has also been president of the board of health of Colum bus for some years. He is a valuable member of the Chi Phi Greek letter fra- terniry, and a royal arch Mason. Dr. Jordan is an enrolled member of the Georgia State Medical association, and a member of the State Medical associa tion of Louisiana. He is very highly esteemed as a gentleman of scholarly attainments, as a physician of much scientific knowledge and practical skill; and his extensive practice attests the fact that the people of that part of the state
highly esteem his services.

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MEMOIRS OS1 GEORGIA.

JAMES A. LEWIS, who is the head of a house which does perhaps the largest retail dry goods business in the city of Columbus, Ga., was born in Fort
Gaines, Early (now Clay) Co., Ga., in the year 1848. He resided in the town of his birth until he was about ten years of age, thence going to Eufaula, Ala., where he remained until 1866, and received the principal part of his education. Soon after coming to Columbus, Ga., Mr. Lewis engaged in clerical work for his uncle, D. D. Gauley, remaining in his employ two years, when he was given an interest in the business, the firm name being Gauley & Lewis This firm con tinued the dry goods business until the death of Mr. Gauley, in 1878, at which time Mr. Lewis assumed the entire management and conducted the business alone about three years, after which he had several working partners in the business. Air. Lewis holds several important positions in the business world of Columbus, being vice-president of the Columbus Savings bank and a member of the board of directors of the Third National bank, and of the Columbus and Gulf Navigation company. In 1879, ne was united in marriage to Miss Willie Hood, daughter of Dr. E. C. Hood, a prominent physician of Harris county, Ga. She died in 1871, leaving as the fruit of that union a daughter, Vernon. In 1888, Mr. Lewis led to the marriage altar Miss Robena Bass of Columbus, Ga., the daughter of John H. Bass, a prominent citizen. This union has been blessed by the birth of four children, viz.: Bass, Fannie E., James A., Jr., and Robert M. A. Lewis, the father of the gentleman whose name heads this article, was a native of New York city, and came to Georgia in 1840. He was in business for a time at Lumpkin, Stewart Co., Ga., thence moving to Fort Gaines, Ga., where he did business until 1858, when he removed to Eufaula, Ala. In 1876 he came to Columbus, Ga., and was engaged in the shoe business vntil his decease, which occurred two years later. He had but two children, both of whom survive him, viz.: James A. Lewis, the subject of this sketch, of Columbus, Ga., and Mrs. Fannie S. Shields, wife of W. S. Shields, of Atlanta, Ga. Mr. Lewis is not a member of any church or secret order.
LI OX. WILLIAM A. LITTLE, who is probably the leader at the exceptionably fine bar at Columbus, Ga., was born in Talbot county, Ga., Nov. 6, 1839,
and is a son of iWlliam G. and M. A. (Holt) Little. William G. Holt was born in Edgefield district, S. C. (1808), moved to Georgia in 1829 and settled at Milledgeville, Baldwin Co. Hewas a physician by profession, having graduated from the old Jefferson Medical college, Philadelphia, Pa. He subsequently moved to Wilkinson county, Ga., and represented that county and his district in the house of representatives and in the state senate. In 1837 he removed to Talbot county, Ga., wheer he died in March, 1877. He was a son of Thomas Little, of Scotch extraction, a native of South Carolina. Mrs. M. A. (Holt) Little was born in Putnam county, Ga., in 1819, a daughter of William Holt, a native of Virginia, and of English extraction. William A. Little had no brothers and but one sister, now Mrs. Mary L. Bruce. He was taken to Macon, Ga., when ten years of age, but \vas principally reared and received his earlier education in Talbot county. He attended Franklin college, at Athens, Ga., and Oglethorpe university, at Midway, near Milledgeville, Ga., graduating from the latter institution with the degree Bachelor of Arts, in 1859. He read law with Smith & Pou and was admitted to the bar, and began the practice at Talbotton, Ga.; but not being satisfied with his legal education he entered the law department of Yale university. He volun teered as a private in July, 1861, in the Bibb county cavalry, Georgia state troops, and when his term of service had expired, joined Company C of the Third Georgia cavalry, but was subsequently transferred to Company E of the Twentyninth Georgia battalion. In the cavalry of the western army, under Gen. Joseph

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Henry Wheeler, he participated in all the battles of Bragg's campaign through Kentucky and Tennessee. He was made a prisoner at New Haven, Ky., and was carried to Louisville, where he was detained for thirty days and then regularly exchanged. During the latter part of the war he was transferred to duty on the Georgia and Florida coasts, and promoted to be a lieutenant of cav alry. He was made a captain a little later, in which position he served until the
surrender. When peace was declared he returned to his home in Talbotton and resumed the practice of his profession. In 1866 he was elected county solicitor for Talbot county, and served until 1868, and shortly afterward he was elected assist
ant secretary of the state senate. He was appointed by Gov. Smith solicitor-
general of the Chattahoochee circuit in 1872, and removed to Columbus. In 1877, when the constitutional convention was called, he was elected as one of the mem bers of that body from the Twenty-fourth district and served with distinction,
having been the originator and champion of many of the reforms brought about by that instrument. In 1882 he was elected to the house of representatives from Muscogee county, and served as chairman of the finance committee, the most
important in that body. He was re-elected in 1884, and upon the assembling of that -body was chosen speaker. In 1886 he was again elected to the legislature and was again chosen speaker. In September, 1891, he was appointed attorneygeneral of Georgia, and served in that position until October, 1892, refusing to
become a candidate for the office at the end of his term. Col. Little combines in a rare degree the qualities of a genial gentleman and those of a man of fine busi ness capacity, possessing varied and extensive information, coupled with high integrityl Few men, indeed, have lived so long in political favor and made no enemies. The secret of his life, perhaps, rests in his stanch adherence to princi ple, arid a thorough performance of every official and social duty. He is modest, unselfish and thoroughly amiable in disposition. As a lawyer, he is profound,
extremely quick of perception, firm, discreet, courteous to the opposition, and a thorough master of the science of the law and precedent Politically he is a thorough democrat, is a master Mason and a member of the I. O. O. F. In
November, 1866, Col. Little was happily married to Miss Jennie Dozier, a
daughter of Emily (Huff) and John B. Dozier, a prominent planter of Muscogee county. This union has been blessed by the birth of two sons, viz.: William G.,
who was educated in the public schools of Columbus and at the celebrated Bingham school, North Carolina, and now in business in Columbus; and John
D., a prominent young attorney in partnership with his father, in Columbus. He is a graduate from both the literary and the law departments of the university of
Georgia, at Athens.

f)R. J. H. M'DUFFIE, of Columbus, Ga., was born at Fayetteville, N. C, Dec. 12,1859, receiving his primary education in the town of his birth. In the latter
part of 1879 he removed to Keyser, N. C., where he was engaged in the naval store and lumber business with his father and brother until 1884. An opportunity now
presenting itself for carrying out the desire he had cherished for several years, he began the study of medicine under the tutorage of Dr. J. A. Sexton, of Raleigh, N. C., and in the fall of 1885 began his attendance upon lectures in the medical
department of the university of Maryland. Here he remained, serving as resident student in the university hospital and attending lectures until March, 1887, when he was graduated with the degree of Doctor of Medicine. Immediately after his graduation he entered actively upon the practice of his profession at Keyser, N. C., where he resided until October, 1888, when he resumed the study of medi cine at the New York Polyclinic Medical college, taking a post-graduate course.

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From March, 1889, to July, 1892, Dr. McDuffie resided in Anniston, Ala., prac ticing his profession, and at the end of that time he removed to his present home at Columbus and has resided there ever since. He is a member of the Georgia State Medical association, and while a citizen of Alabama was a mem ber of the examining board of censors for Calhoun county and secretary of the Calhoun County Medical society. Dr. McDuffie was married in the year 1882 to Miss Sallie H. Page, a daughter of Lewis Page, a prominent citizen of Aber deen, Moore Co., X. C, and five children have blessed their union. Dr. McDuffie is a Knight of Pythias and a consistent member of the Presbyterian church.
JWIORGAX M'MICHAEL, deceased, attorney at law, of Columbus, Ga., was born in Schley county, Ga., in 1866, and was the eldest son of Dr. J. R. Mc-
Michael and Ellen A. (Stephens) McMichael. His boyhood days were spent on his father's farm, entering the Buena Vista, Ga., high school in his fifteenth year. After completing the course at that institution- he attended the select school of Prof. Mathes, at Americus, Ga., and later was graduated from the Southern Busi ness university, Atlanta. He read law the following year under the tutorage of Judge M. Butt, Buena Vista, and was admitted to practice at the October term of Marion superior court (1887), Judge (ex-governor) James M. Smith presiding. So creditable was his examination that he was highly complimented by the mem bers of the local bar. He practiced law successfully for three years at Buena Vista, removing to the city of Columbus in December, 1890, where he at once came to the front as one of the leading attorneys of that city as the junior member of the firm of Wimbish, Worrill & McMichael. He was an active and valuable member of the Georgia Bar association, served as a member of the city council of Columbus, and as chairman of the finance committee in that body, and devoted much study and labor to the preparation of a tax ordinance which has proved the most satisfactory- ordinance the city of Columbus ever had. In 1894 Mr. McMichael was chosen as one of the representatives from Muscogee county to the state legislature, representing his constituency faithfully and honorably. He was a very zealous democrat and took a keen interest in all public matters. He was possessed of good judgment, steadfast convictions and was a lucid and forci ble speaker. Mr. McMichael was happily married to Miss Minnie Shepherd, a beautiful and accomplished lady, who by his sudden death has suffered a crushing and irreparable bereavement
r\R. J.J. MASON was born in Greensboro, Ga., July 23, 1826. He was reared in Greene and Putnam counties to the age of fourteen, going with his father
to Wetumpka, Ala. Mr. Mason lived in Wetumpka several years and later he went to the Louisiana Medical college, in New Orleans, and then to the Charles ton (S. C.) Medical college in 1848. He had studied medicine four years before entering a medical college. After his graduation he located in Auburn, Ala., and resided there until 1866, acting as volunteer surgeon in the hospitals at Auburn during the civil war. In 1866 he came to Columbus, Ga., where he has since resided and practiced, and he is now the oldest physician of that city. Dr. Mason is a chapter Mason, an Independent Odd Fellow, and a consistent member of the Baptist church. His father was Wyley W. Mason, a native of Georgia, a lawyer, and for many years was chancellor of the middle judicial district of Alabama. He was also a member of the Georgia legislature when a young man.
JOHN SMITH MATTHEWS, city treasurer of Columbus, Ga., was born in Chambers county, Ala., Sept. 18, 1846, and resided there until the age of
twenty-two. He is one of two sons of Ralph Matthews, who was born in Wilkes

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county, Ga., in 1808, and died in Opelika, Ala., in February, 1871. He was a
farmer all his life." The brother of John S. Matthews is William H., who was in the Fourteenth Alabama regiment, C. S. A., and served throughout the late civil
war. He is now a resident of Wooley, Ark. John Smith Matthews, the gentle
man whose name heads this article, was educated in the private schools of Cham bers county, Ala., and farmed on the estate of his father until January, 1864,
when he enlisted in Bonand's battalion of artillery, which battalion was afterward consolidated with the First Alabama regiment Mr. Matthews went in as a
private and served until the surrender of Gen. Johnston at Greensboro, N. C. He was in the battle of Olustee, and at the siege of Charleston, S. C., and then at Averasboro and Bentonville, N. C. After the war he returned to his home and attended school for a time. In October, 1868, he came to Columbus and entered the cotton firm of Alien, Freer & Illges as a clerk, remaining with them three
years. He then began to buy cotton on his own account and carried on that
business until 1878, when he formed a partnership with E. D. Swift under the firm name of Swift & Co., which business was continued until 1885. Mr. Matthews
conducted the cotton business alone from September, 1885, until January, 1887,
when he accepted a position in the Columbus postoffice as registry clerk, serving in that capacity until August, 1888. He then entered the employ of J. R. Holts & Co., cotton factors, and remained with them until September, 1889, at which
time he was elected city treasurer and has been re-elected every year since that time. Mr. Matthews is a member of the Improved Order of Red Men and is the keeper of wampum of Pawnee tribe No. 27. He is a steward of St Paul's
Methodist Episcopal church south, of Columbus, and also a teacher in its Sun day school. He was married June 4, 1872, to Miss Mary F., daughter of the late Isaac McFarland, a prominent planter of Harris county, Ga., and this union
has been blessed by the birth of two children: Mary, wife of Hayward J. Pearce,
of Gainesville, Ga., and Ralph.

BRICK S. MILLER, of the law firm of Miller, Wynne & Miller of Columbus,
Ga., was born in Marion county, 'Ga., Feb. 14. 1868. He is a son of Judge E. A. Miller of Buena Vista, Ga., who was one of the best known men in Georgia. He was born in Columbia county, but his family moved to Monroe county while he was yet a boy, and there he received his early education. In 1843 he moved to Marion county and commenced the study of law at Talbotton, in the office of George W. Towns (afterward governor) and L. B. Smith. His studies con tinued five years, and in 1848, when the county seat of Marion was established at Buena Vista, he moved there and went into partnership with John Campbell, who was at that time solicitor-general of the Chattahoochee circuit. The partnership continued several years, and when the firm dissolved the young lawyer formed an association with Mark H. Blandford, who later became one of the justices of the supreme court, and who now lives in Columbus, Ga. His next partnership was with Judge William B. Butt, who also now lives in Columbus. In 1852 he was elected the first ordinary of Marion county. In 1855 Judge Miller determined to try a new business, and he became the owner and editor of the ''Cuena Vista Advertiser," which he continued to conduct with great success
until the war broke out. As a major of militia. Judge Miller distinguished himself during the war, and at the battle of Griswoldville he lost a great number of his command. When peace was declared Judge Miller settled down as a lawyer and farmer, and resided at Buena Vista until his death. On several occasion's Judge Miller represented his county in the general assembly to the entire satisfaction of his constituents. He was a democrat from the time lie was

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MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

a young man until the time of his death, and was always foremost in the battle for the supremacy of democratic principles. In 1868 Judge Miller joined the Baptist church. Judge Miller's family consisted of three sons and three daugh ters. The sons are: Mr. Edward Miller of Americus, and B. S. and T. T. Miller of Columbus. The daughters are: Mrs. Andrews Ashurst of Florida, and Mrs. C. H. McCaul and Mrs. William Crawford of Buena Vista. Brick S. Miller was reared and received his earlier education in the town of Buena Vista, and was graduated from the university of Georgia, Athens, with the degree of bachelor of law, in the class of 1888. During his college course he established a fine reputation as an orator and in consequence was chosen one of the champion debaters of the Demosthenean Literary society. He also delivered a eulogy on the life and character of Dr. Patrick H. Mell, the deceased chancellor of the university, which is classed as the finest tribute ever paid to the memory of that remarkable man. Soon after his graduation Mr. Miller returned to his home in Buena Vista and entered upon the practice of law, giving up his practice a year later in order to travel and thus broaden his views by actual contact with the population of the different sections of the country. In August, 1890, he located in Columbus and formed a partnership for the practice of law with his brother, T. T. Miller, to which firm Mr. E. J. Wynne was admitted in September, 1893. This law firm now does an extensive practice and its members are regular retained attorneys of some of the most important corporations and largest wholesale houses in Columbus. Mr. Miller was president of the Young Men's Democratic league of Muscogee county in the spring of 1894, and took an active, part in securing the registration of the voters of that county. He secured the actual registration of 3,572 voters out of a total of about 3,600, which is regarded as the best piece of political strategy ever enacted there. Mr. Miller was selected as a delegate to the convention which nominated William Yates Atkinson as govern or of Georgia, and took a very active part in the campaign for Atkinson prior to the convention. He was also a delegate to the congressional convention, at Warm Springs, Ga., in August, 1894. Mr. Miller has never sought political preferment; he was urged to be a candidate for the legislature in 1894, but sacrificed his own opportunities in favor of a friend. He is unmarried, a member of the Improved Order of Red Men and of the Benevolent and Protective Order
of Elks.
MONTAGUE M. MOORE, clerk of the city council of Columbus, Ga., was born in that city Oct. 14, 1837, the son of James S. and Martha M. A. (Tarver)
Moore. He is the eldest of three surviving sons, the other two of whom, James B. and George T., reside in the state of Texas, four sisters and four brothers being dead. The gentleman whose name heads this article had four brothers who saw service in the Confederate army during the civil war, viz.: Tiffany T. Moore,a member'of the Columbus volunteers, and aftenvard in the Confederate service on the Chattahoochee river; James B. Moore, who was a member of the Seventeenth Georgia regiment, and was made a major of infantry and served throughout the war; Douglas C. Moore, who enlisted in January', 1861, served three months at Pensacola, Fla., and then enlisted in the Columbus volunteers, was made an orderly sergeant, and was killed in a railroad accident when that company left Columbus, Aug. 14, 1861; and George T. Moore, who enlisted in Gen. John H. Morgan's command and served under that renowned cavalryman to the close of hostilities. Montague M. Moore received a good education in the schools of Columbus, but before finishing his studies accepted a position in the Columbus postoffice under Col. Robert C. Forsyth, where he remained from 1855 to 1863. In 1861 he enlisted in the Columbus volunteers and was assigned to the Seventeenth Georgia

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regiment, but, owing to ill health, he saw no sen-ice. Later he was a lieutenant in a company of the militia reserve of Georgia and did service at Macon and Atlanta. In July, 1863, he was elected clerk of the city council of Columbus, and retained that position while in the military service_ of his state, and since then to the present he has been re-elected by the people or by..the city council to the same position. He married, June 16, 1869, Miss Sarah E., daughter of John and Elizabeth (Jordan) Peabody, of Columbus, and this union lias been blessed by the birth of five children, viz.: James M., Mary P., Lulu D., John P., and Ethel T. Both Mr. and Mrs. Moore are members of St Luke's Methodist Episcopal church south. Mr. Moore is a Knight Templar Mason and was recorder of St. Aldemar commandery for many years, and until it ceased to exist was master of Adoniram Lodge of Perfec tion. He is also a member of these fraternal orders: Knights of Honor, K. of L. of Honor, Ancient Order of United Workmen, Royal Arcanum, National Union, and the Improved Order of Red Men. Of the ancestors of Mr. Moore, Killian Hogeboom came to this country from Holland about the year 1712, and settled in the state of New York, in what is now Columbia county, where the original manor house is still standing and in the possession of his descendants, the present owner being the uncle of the gentleman whose name heads this article. Jeremiah, the eldest son of Killian, was born in Holland, April 5, 1712. He married Janita Van Alien, Nov. II, 1741, and to them were born six children, the second of whom, Stephen, was born Aug. 16,1744, and married Nov. 24, 1763, Hellitje Muller. He was for several terms a member of the assembly and senate of the state of New York, and of its constitutional convention in i8ot; he died April 2, 1814, and his wife died March 10, 1812. To them were born six children, one of whom was the mother of Gen. James Watson Webb, and one, Nancy, born July 22, 1774, married Benjamin Moore, and was the mother of nine children. She died April 14, 1844, and he, born Jan. 28, 1766, died Nov. 29, 1829. James S. Moore, the father of Montague M. Moore, was the sixth child of Benjamin and Nancy (Hogeboom) Moore, and was born May 6,j 1800, in Goxsackie, Greene Co., N. Y.; came to New Orleans in 1831 and to Columbus, Ga., in 1832; married March i, 1835, and died in Lee county, Ala., near Columbus, Ga., on March 24.1879, a consistent member of the Methodist Episcopal church. He followed merchandising in Columbus,
Ga., and Girard, Ala., until 1858, when he removed to Auburn, Ala., and kept a public hotel eight years, thence removing to Lee county, Ala., where he followed the business of agriculture until the year of his death. Prior to the civil war he was postmaster at Girard, Ala., for many years. Mrs. Martha M. A. Moore, wife of James S. Moore, was born in Clinton, Jones Co., Ga., Nov. 3, 1815, and was a . daughter of Elisha and Maria L. (Sanders) Tarver. Her father, Elisha, son of Billison and Selah Tarver, was born Dec. 25,1787, and died March 18, 1860. Her
mother, Maria L. Tarver, was born Aug. 6, 1793, and died Sept. 9, 1851. Of the ancestors of Mrs. M. M. Moore, Francis Peabody, of St. Albans, England, born 1614, came to New England in 1635. He married Mary Foster, daughter of Regi
nald Foster, whose family is honorably mentioned in the Lay of the Last Minstrel and in Marmion bv Sir Walter Scott. She died April 9, 1705. He died Feb. 19, 1697. They were the parents of fourteen children, of whom the eldest, John, was born in 1642; married, first, Hannah Andrews. Nov. 23, 1665; she died Dec. 4, 1702, and he married Sarah Moseley, Nov. 26,1703. To his first wife were born ten children, of whom David was born July 12, 1678, and married Sarah Pope, of Dartmouth, Mass. He died April i, 1726, and his widow died Sept. 29, 1756. They had eleven children, the first, Thomas, being the direct ancestor of Mrs. Moore, while the tenth, David, was the grandfather of George Peabody, Esq., of London. Thomas was born Sept. 22,1705, and married Ruth Osgood, of Andover, Mass., Nov. 2, 1738. He died in April, 1758. His widow married Isaac Osgood,
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and died in February, 1803. Thomas was the father of nine children, the last, Nathan, born Aug. 31, 1756, married Polly Baker, July 30, 1786. Nathan was the father of John, the father of Mrs. Moore, who was born in Boston, Dec. 13,1790, married in Washington county, Ga., Elizabeth Coles Jordan (afterward Hodges), June 7, 1826, and died in Columbus, Ga.f Sept. 17, 1842. His wife, daughter of
Jesse and Jane Jordan, was born in Washington county, Ga., June 25, 1809, and died Nov. 5, 1878, in Columbus, Ga.

J)R. JOHN NORWOOD, of Columbus, Ga., was born in Hillsboro, N. C., in 1836. He received his primary education in the town of his birth, afterward
becoming a student in the university of North Carolina, at Chapel Hill, but never received a literary degree. He was graduated from the old Jefferson Medical
college at Philadelphia, Pa., in 1859, and located soon thereafter in Russell county, Ala., entering actively upon the practice of his profession. During the fall of 1861 Dr. Norwood volunteered as assistant surgeon to the Sixth Alabama regiment, Confederate states army, and the following year was commissioned assistant sur
geon to Waddell's artillery, serving as such until after the siege of Vicksburg. After the capture of Vicksburg by the Federals Dr. Norwood was made surgeon to the Sixty-fourth Georgia regiment, with the rank of major, though he failed to receive his commission, and several months later rejoined Waddell's battery, re maining with that command until it was mustered out of service at the close of the war. After the cessation of hostilities Dr. Norwood returned to his home in Ala bama and was actively engaged in the practice of his profession until 1884, at which time he removed to his present residence in Columbus, and has since been continuously engaged in the practice of medicine at that city. He sustains a desirable rank among the members of his profession. He is a consistent member of the Presbyterian church. His father, John W. Norwood, was a native of North Carolina, a lawyer, and practiced many years at Hillsboro, in that state.

URANCIS D. PEABODY, a noted lawyer of Columbus, Ga., was born on his father's farm near that city, Nov. 24, 1854, and was the youngest of nine
children of Charles A. and Frances Harriet (Williams) Peabody. His parents were born in Connecticut--his father in Bridgeport and his mother in Hartford-- but came to Georgia and settled in Columbus in 1833. Mr- Peabody was prepared for college, by that distinguished educator, Prof. Otis D. Smith, in one of the famous "old field schools" of the day. His attendance upon school though was irregular, as he was often called upon to help get the crop "out of the grass." At fourteen he was compelled to stop school and to go regularly to work on the farm. For three years he made a regular and steady "hand," doing all kinds of work done on a farm; but he specially liked to plow, and could do more plowing in a day than any man on the farm. At seventeen he rented his father's farm and stock, and made a fine crop, much" to the amusement, and somewhat to the astonishment of his father, who was rather disposed to predict a failure at the beginning of the season. At eighteen he entered the State Agricultural and Mechanical college of Alabama, at Auburn, where his old teacher had preceded him in the capacity of professor of English, which he afterward exchanged for mathematics. Here the struggle of his life began. Full-grown physically, his limited text-book learning almost all forgotten in his four years of farm-toil, he presented the anomaly of reciting side by side in the lowest class in college with little fellows that hardly reached to his shoulders. But though illy prepared in text books, his life had been spent in an intellectual atmosphere; his father and mother both being people of culture and wide reading, and what the boy had unconsciously absorbed, now stood him well in"hand; and the brawn that came

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to him from his out-door life backed up the demands made on it by his unremitting
study. He was graduated in 1876 with the first honor of his class. Before graduation he had already secured a position as teacher of mathematics and tactics in a private military school in Hopkinsville, Ky. Here he remained three years, making a marked success as a teacher. During this time he read law at night and on Saturdays reciting to Judge Champlin, who kindly took an interest in his studies, and was admitted to the Kentucky bar before the close of his school term in 1879. 1 June of that year he went to St. Louis, Mo., and when the law school of Washington university for that year was formed, he entered both junior and senior classes, and before the end of the term stood an examination in open court for admission to the St Louis bar. During his attendance at law school he earned the money to pay his expenses by teaching a night school. Thus single-handed and alone, without one dollar of help from any source, he fitted himself for his life calling. Early in 1881 Mr. Peabody returned to Georgia and married Miss Myrtice Nelms of Griffin, daughter of the late Judge William Nelms of that place. It was his intention at that time to locate in the far south west; but taking a visit with his bride to his aged parents at the family homestead, they persuaded him to locate in Columbus. This decision he has probably never had cause to regret, for his rise at the bar has been rapid, and his position sure. He has been identified more or less with all the public enterprises of his city, and is known, not only as a sound lawyer of ability, but as an enterprising and progressive citizen. Mr. Peabody has never held public office, nor aspired to do so. In 1892 he consented to stand as alternate presidential elector on the democratic ticket, which ticket he has never failed to vote since attaining his majority. In 1894, owing to his keen interest in educational affairs, and be cause of his peculiar fitness for the place, he was appointed a member of the board of educators in Columbus, where he has since done faithful and efficient service. In 1895 Mr. Peabody was elected by the city council of Columbus, as corporation counsel for the city of Columbus, a position of great responsibility and importance. It is a matter of pride with him that his earnings have all been expended in the upbuilding and improvement of his native town.
QIDEON J. PEACOCK, a leading clothing manufacturer of Columbus, Ga., . was born in Upson county, Ga., Jan. 15, 1837. His father was Washington
Peacock, a native of North Carolina. He devoted his whole life to agricultural pursuits and came to Georgia about 1834, settling in Upson county, thence removing to Covington county, Ala., and departed this life there in 1881, at the age of eighty-one years. He was superintendent of schools in that county for several years. He had two sons, both of whom saw service in the Confederate army, viz.: Benjamin, a member of the western army, who was captured after two months' service, was sent to Johnson's Island as a prisoner of war and was never heard of afterward. It is presumed that he died at that place. Gideon J. Peacock lived in Upson county, Ga., until the age of sixteen.. Attended the Hootensville academy in that county and in 1853 came to Columbus, where he began to clerk for Barnett, Ellison & Co., dry goods. He was with this firm until 1860, when Mr. Ellison retired and Mr. Peacock then became a member of the firm, which was Barnett, Chapman & Co. In April, 1861, Mr. Peacock went into the Confederate service as private in the City Light guards of Columbus, Ga., which, together with the Macon Volunteers, the Floyd Rifles and the Spalding Greys was afterward consolidated into the Second Georgia battalion. After the battle of Fredericksburg he was made lieutenant and served as such until the close of the war, but during the last twelve months of the war commanded his company. He participated in the battles around Richmond, Seven Pines,

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Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, Drewry's Bluff, Gettysburg, the Wilderness, Spottsylvania court house, Cold Harbor, battles at Petersburg and ten days of
fighting on the retreat, which ended at Appomattox--one of the fights being at Farmville, Va. Lieut Peacock, together with Maj. Charles J. Moffett of Colum bus, Ga., and Lieut J. W. English, now of Atlanta, Ga., received the demand of Gen. Grant on Lee for the surrender of Appomattox court house. The circum
stances were as follows: On the evening of April 7, 1865, two days before the surrender, two or three officers of the Federal army came in front of the Confederate lines near Farmville, Va., waving a flag of truce. Maj. Moffett, who was in command of that part of the Confederate lines, recognized the flag and inquired what was wanted. The Federal party replied that they were the bearers of important dispatches from Gen. Grant to Gen. Lee. Maj. Moffett commanded them to stand where they were until he could communicate with his superior officers, and, later, the dispatches were taken by Maj. Moffett and Adjt-Gen. Perry. When Maj. Moffett returned to his command Lieut Peacock held the dispatches in his hand for a moment and saw the address. The dispatches were delivered to Gen. Lee soon afterward. After the surrender Mr. Peacock returned to Columbus, partly on foot, reaching that city May I, 1865. He at once entered the dry goods store of W. H. Phelps and clerked for him a year, then became a
member of the dry goods firm of J. A. Chapman & Co. for two years. After that the firm of Peacock, Chapman & Co. was organized, with which he remained in business about four years, when Mr. Peacock sold his interest, and with E. S. Swift organized a dry goods firm, known as Peacock & Swift, which continued for three years. In 1875 Mr. Peacock sold his interest in the dry goods business to Mr. Smith; and two years later started a clothing manufactory with a capital of $2,500. In 1892 the firm became the G. J. Peacock Clothing company, with a
capital stock of $26,000. They now do a business of $65,000 annually, and give employment to more than seventy-five persons. Mr. Peacock is a consistent member of the Methodist Episcopal church, south, and is chairman of the board
of stewards of St Luke's. Mr. Peacock was married in 1873 to Miss Josephine, daughter of the late John Banks of Columbus, Ga., the founder of the Howard factory of Columbus, now the Eagle & Phoenix Manufacturing company. This
union has been blessed by the birth of two sons and two daughters, viz.: Sarah Watkins, Elberta, James G. and John B. Peacock.

QEORGE A. PEARCE, president of the City Mills company of Columbus, Ga., was born in Hamilton, Harris Co., Ga., Aug. 8, 1854. His father, Till-
rinn I. Pearce, was a native of Harris county, was a carpenter before the war, and a miller after the war; and died in 1893. Tillman I. Pearce married Nancy Thomasson, and they had nine children, all of whom are now living. At eight years of age George A. Pearce removed with his parents to Russell county, Ala., locating at Scale, where he was reared and educated. He attended Mercer uni versity, at Macon, Ga., for two years, and then he returned to Russell county, Ala., where his father owned two flour mills, and managed one of them for his father for five years. He came to Columbus, in 1877, and started a small mill, ran it two years, then entered the city mills, operated by J. N. Embry; he worked there as assistant miller six months, and was then given charge of the whole business.
Three or four years later J. N. Embry sold out to Frank Mitchell, who retained Mr. Pearce for four years, when he bought Mr. Mitchell out In 1890 it was incorporated with a capital stock of $100,000, and Mr. Pearce was made presi
dent, and Thomas Salisbury secretary and treasurer. George A. Pearce is a consistent member of the Baptist church. He was married Nov. 15, 1878, to

MTJSCOGEE COUNTY SKETCHES.

629

Miss Ida Embry, daughter of J. N. Embry, a native of Columbus, .and who died in 1893. This union has been blessed by the birth of five daughters: Odelle, Effie May, Kate Mitchell, George Alma, and Mabel Clare.
REDD, JR^ postmaster of Columbus, Ga., was born in Troup county, Ga., Sept 27, 1839, and came with his parents to Columbus, Ga., five years later. His father was James K. Redd, a native of Greene county, Ga., who was a merchant and planter, led a very active life, and died in 1877, aged seventy-four years. During the civil war he held an important and responsible position in the paymaster's department William Redd, Jr., had two brothers in the Confederate service, viz.: Nicholas L., who was a second lieutenant in a Georgia regiment, and died in 1884; and Charles, who enlisted as a private in the celebrated Nelson rangers, who acted as escort to Gen. Stephen D. Lee. He served throughout the war and died from disease contracted in the service in 1865. William Redd, Jr., was reared and received his earlier education in Columbus. He was graduated from Oglethorpe university, Midway, Ga., in 1860. After his graduation he returned to his home in Columbus, and entered the grocery store of his father, James K. Redd, continuing in that position until April, 1861, when he went away as a private with the Columbus guards, which was assigned to the Second Georgia regiment In July, 1861, he was made brevet second lieutenant of Company C, Second Georgia regiment, serving as such until the reorganization of that regiment, in April, 1862. The term of service of the regiment having expired, Lieut Redd was promoted to the position of adjutant and served as such until the close of hostilities. He participated in the battles of Munson's Hill, Yorktown, Garnett's Farm, Seven Pines, Malvern Hill, Second Manassas, Thoroughfare Gap, Sharpsburg and Fredericksburg. After the last named battle he was sent home on a sick furlough. Recovering from his sickness Adjt Redd rejoined his regiment and participated in the battles of Reams Station, Knoxville, Tenn., the Wilderness, and many minor skirmishes on retreat to Rich mond. After the battles of Fort Harrison and Petersburg he was given leave of absence and saw no more fighting. He was wounded in front of Petersburg twice. and once at the battle of Fort Harrison, Va. After the war closed he returned to his home at Columbus without a dollar, and opened a general store, in a small way, with a stock of about $500, carrying it on about four years, and clearing a small amount He then entered the depot of the Rome & Columbus Railroad
company at Columbus, Ga., as general agent, and a year later was made superin tendent and treasurer of the road, acting as such about six years. He then entered the railroad contracting business and built twelve miles of the Pensacola & Selma railroad. Then he came back to Georgia and built the Talbotton rail road, eight miles long, running from Bostwick to Talbotton, Ga. Mr. Redd next put the roadbed of the Georgia Western (now the Georgia Pacific) in order from Atlanta to Austell, Ga., a distance of about twenty miles. Then he took a sub contract on the East Tennessee, Virginia & Georgia railroad, to build five miles of it in Paulding county, Ga. Returning to Columbus he was made superin tendent and treasurer of the Columbus Railroad company (a street railway), serv
ing as such one year, when he was made general superintendent of the con struction of the Georgia Midland & Gulf railroad, acting as superintendent under the contractor, P. P. Dickinson, and was so engaged for about fifteen months. Mr. Redd was next made general superintendent of the railroad construction of the Chattahoochee Brick company and acted in that capacity for four years. During that time the company built part of the Atlanta & Hawkinsville (Ga.) rail road, the Chattanooga, Rome & Columbus railroad, the Columbus Southern, from Columbus, Ga., to Albany, Ga., and the Buena Vista & Ellaville, from Columbus

630

MEMOIRS OP GEORGIA.

to Ellaville, Ga. Mr. Redd then returned to Columbus and entered the real estate
and fire insurance business, continuing in that business until May, 1893, when he was made postmaster at Columbus. Mr. Redd is a master Mason. He was married in November, 1865, to Miss Sarah H., daughter of the late Hon. Hines Holt of Columbus, who was a member of congress before the war, of the Con
federate congress during the war, and was a member of the First constitutional convention held in. Milledgeville, in 1865, departing this life while in that city attending the convention. Mr. Redd's marriage has been blessed by the birth of three daughters, viz.: Mary L., Sallie Willie, and Helen Holt

COL. BEALE H. RICHARDSON, editor and proprietor of the Columbus "Enquirer-Sun," the leading daily of Western Georgia and Eastern Alabama,
was born in Baltimore, Md., Oct. n, 1841. His father was Judge Beale H. Rich ardson, a native of Hartford county, Md., was a journalist and died in 1877 at the age of seventy-four years. He served in the war of 1812, was chosen an elector on the Andrew Jackson ticket, was appointed an appraiser in the Baltimore custom house under the Buchanan administration, was for a number of terms a member
of the Maryland legislature, and also served for several years in the city council of Baltimore. He was editor of the "Argus," published in Baltimore, up to 1863,
and at that time the paper was suppressed by Gen. Robert Schenck, and its editor banished from Maryland, coming to Montgomery, Ala., where he edited the "Montgomery Mail" for nearly a year. After the close of hostilities he returned to Baltimore, was appointed judge of the appeal tax court in the autumn of 1865 and held that position at the time of his death in 1877. Beale 'H. Richardson, son of the foregoing, attended school in Baltimore until his twentieth year, at that time entering the office of the "Evening Argus," the only afternoon democratic daily then published in Baltimore, and owned and edited by his father. Young
Richardson maintained charge of the mechanical department of the paper until shortly after the breaking out of hostilities in 1861, and the following May came south and enlisted in Company A of the First Maryland cavalry, in Richmond. He served as a private in that company until just before the battle of Gettysburg, when he was made a special courier and placed on the staff of Gen. E. Ewell,
serving on that staff until the retreat into Virginia. He was courier later on the staff of Gen. Jubal Early during his feint on Washington, and served in that capacity until June, 1864, when he was placed on detail duty under Maj. Harry
Gilmer during the raid in Maryland, when Chambersburg and Gpv. Bradford's houses were burned. During the raid young Richardson recruited twenty-one men and brought them to Sheppardstown, Va., where they enlisted as soldiers in the Confederate army. Returning to winter quarters in Virginia, he partici
pated in the battles at Centerville and Manassas, being badly injured during the latter engagement by having his horse shot from under him and receiving also a severe sabre cut in the head. In November, 1864, Mr. Richardson was trans ferred to the gulf department as a purchasing agent, with headquarters at Mobile, and was in charge of the blockade runners at that port, with the rank of captain. He remained in Mobile until the evacuation of that city by the Confederates,
April 12, 1865. Afterward he was under Gen. Dick Taylor and was with him until the surrender at Meridian, Miss., May 23, 1865. He participated in the battle of Sharpsburg, was captured and carried to Fort Delaware, where he was
held a prisoner of war from September, 1863, to December, 1863. He was also in the battles of Fredericksburg, Maryland Heights, Manchester, Harper's Ferry, Charlestown, Front Royal, Gettysburg, Chambersburg, Manassas, Brandy Station, Fisher's Hill, Newmarket, Maftinsburg, Harrisonburg, Woodstock and Bridge-

MUSCOGEE COUNTY SKETCHES.

63 r

water. After the close of hostilities Capt. Richardson went to Mobile, Ala., and sold a watch he had captured for $40, investing the proceeds in civilian clothing. Soon after by chance he met on the streets of Mobile Maj. Henry Balantyne, the owner of the "Mobile Tribune," which had suspended publication after the evacua tion of the city. Capt. Richardson, with the consent and authority of the owner, Maj. Balantyne, secured permission from the provost marshal to revive the paper. Capt Richardson was made associate editor and remained in the position until 1868, thence going to New Orleans, where he started a book bindery and job printing business. In 1871 he accepted an offer from the Savannah (Ga.) "Morn ing News," serving as city editor, and later as editor of the "Sunday Telegram," both under the same management. In 1883 Capt. Richardson purchased the Savannah ''Times," an evening paper, and conducted it as sole proprietor for a year and a half, when a stock company was formed. In 1886 he disposed of his interests in Savannah and bought the "Evening Capitol," of Montgomery, Ala., and changed the name of the paper to the "Evening Star." He conducted the "Star" one year, selling it in 1887, tnen removing to Anniston, Ala., and accepting a position as associate editor of the "Hot Blast," subsequently becoming editor, and conducted it two years. Capt. Richardson moved to his present home in Co lumbus, Ga., in September, 1889, and was made managing editor of the "EnquirerSun," leasing the paper three months later and becoming the owner of it in June,
1894. -In 1878 Capt Richardson was commissioned by Gov. A. H. Colquitt as quartermaster, with the rank of lieutenant, of the First Georgia regiment at Sa vannah, and held that rank until his resignation in 1886. Later he was appointed on the staff of Gov. William J. Northen, with rank of lieutenant-colonel of cavalry, and retains that rank at the present time. As an evidence of the estimation in which Col. Richardson is held by the people of Georgia, it may be mentioned that he has repeatedly been selected as a delegate to the state and congressional conventions and was secretary of the democratic executive committee of Chatham county for eleven years. While a citizen of Savannah he was brought forward as a candidate for representative in the state legislature, but declined after his nomination. In 1892 he was elected a member of the democratic state executive committee for the fourth congressional district, re-elected in 1894 and made secre tary of that organization. Col. Richardson is a master Mason and has filled all the chairs up to and including senior warden of Ancient Landmark lodge No. 215, F. and A. M., of Savannah, Ga. He is also an enrolled member of the Golden Rule lodge No. 12, Independent Order of Odd Fellows, Savannah, Ga., and was grand commander for the state of Georgia in 1883-84 of the American Legion of Honor. He is also first past grand regent of Georgia of the Royal Arcanum and was the first representative from Georgia to the supreme council of that order, which met in Detroit in March, 1880. He is also a life member
of the grand council of the Royal Arcanum of Georgia and belongs to Columbus lodge No. in, R. A., and the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks. For a time Col. Richardson was the first officer of Jasper council, Home Circle, of Sa vannah, Ga. He is also an active member of the Pawnee Tribe No. 27, Improved Order of Red Men, and in 1879 was dictator of the Savannah lodge, Knights of Honor. Among the strictly social organizations Col. Richardson is a member
of the Muscogee club, of Columbus, and the Elks Social club of that city. Among the business organizations he has been prominently identified with the Columbus Board of Trade, and is one of the directors of the Chattahoochee Exposition com pany. Col. Richardson's great-grandfather was Vincent Richardson, who was one of the first men in Maryland to shoulder arms in the revolutionary struggle, and was killed in action under Gen. Stansberry. His great-grandmother was a

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MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

daughter of the celebrated John Eager Howard of revolutionary renown, and a family famous in the highest social and political history of Maryland. Mr. Rich ardson has been twice married, his first wife being Miss Elizabeth M. Holcombe, of Mobile, one of the most prominent families in Georgia and Alabama, by whom he had five children, two of whom are living, one daughter married and one grown son. His oldest son, G. Holcombe Richardson, died on May 4, 1894, while chief clerk in the United States pension office of Knoxville, Tenn., having been appointed by Hon. Hoke Smith, secretary of the interior. His present wife was Miss Georgia M. Goodman, also of Mobile, of the same family connection. He has been from early youth an earnest and zealous democrat and may rightly be classed as of the rock-ribbed democracy.

THOMAS S. SPEAR, a prominent jeweler of Columbus, Ga., was born in Bloomfield, N. J., Jan. 19, 1825. He was reared and educated in his native
town and in 1845 removed to Charleston, S. C., to engage in the jewelry business with his brother, James A. Spear, remaining with him twelve years. In 1857 the two brothers, having removed their business to Columbus, were robbed by Wil son's raiders and 8150,000 of booty was carried away by the pilferers. After the close of hostilities the Spear brothers resumed their jewelry business and the first
year made a profit of 815,000. Thomas S. Spear was called upon in 1870 to mourn the death of his only brother, James A., which sad event occurred in Charleston, S. C. Since his brother's death he has conducted the business alone and has been remarkably successful. In 1846 he was united in marriage to Miss Sarah M. Dodd, a most estimable and cultured lady of New Jersey, and a union which has been blessed by the birth of several sons and daughters, all of whom, save one, survive: Charles Spear, of New York city; Horace Spear, Charleston, S. C.; Mary, wife of Stephen Crawford, of Columbus, Ga.; Howard, secretary and treas urer of the Georgia Midland railroad, of Columbus. Thomas S. Spear has two widowed sisters residing in Charleston, S. C.. viz.: Elizabeth L.. relict of David Oaks, a native of Bloomfield, N. J., and Carrie Olivia, relict of Daniel S. Silcox, a native of Charleston, S. C.

W. STEWART, M. D., of Columbus, Ga., was born at Union Springs, Bul-

" lock Co., Ala., Aug. 30, 1865. When an infant his parents moved to Co

lumbus, Ga., where he received his earlier education in private schools and sub

sequently became a student at the Alabama Agricultural and Mechanical college,

at Auburn, graduating from that institution in the class of 1882. For a year and

a half next after his graduation Mr. Stewart resided at Columbus, but removed to

Jefferson county, Ala., in 1884, where he was engaged in the mining industry.

He returned to Columbus soon thereafter and began the study of medicine under

the direction of Dr. George J. Grimes, of very extensive reputation in West Geor

gia. Mr. Stewart became a student at the Bellevue Hospital Medical college, New

York city, in 1886, graduating from that institution with the degree of M. D. in

1888. He served the Xew York city hospital, on Blackwell's island, for more

than a year and a half, returning to Columbus in the autumn of 1890, when he

formed a copartnership with his former tutor, Dr. Grimes. Dr. Stewart is the

.j

author of several valuable papers on subjects related to his profession, was made

J

a member of the board of health of Columbus, and is a prominent member of the

j!

Georgia State Medical association. He occupies a very enviable position among

the physicians of Muscogee county.

MUSCOGEE COUNTY SKETCHES.

633

P. SWIFT, the leading manufacturer of cotton goods in Columbus, Ga., was born in Fairhaven, Mass., Sept i, 1814. His father, Asa Swift, was a native of Wareham, Mass., was a ship captain and largely engaged in whaling. He married Sarah Mackie, a native of Long Island, N. Y., and of the children born to this union four are living, viz.: Mary Dykeman, George P., Henrietta Attwood and Andre M. K. George P. Swift, after the usual attendance at the public schools, clerked for three or four years in a dry goods store in Boston, and in 1832 moved to Georgia and located at Knoxville, Crawford Co., thence he moved to Upson county and engaged in manufacturing; next, in 1866, he removed to Columbus, Ga., and in 1867 was elected president of the Muscogee Manufacturing company, which position he still fills. This company manufactures cotton goods exclusively, operates three mills, each five stories in height, con taining 15,000 spindles and 426 looms, and affording employment for 550 opera tives, all of whom are white and native born. The several mills consume 3,600 bales of cotton annually, which are made into colored goods, consisting of plaids, cottonades, cheviots, shirting, ticks and denim and towels, the annual production being valued at $400,000. This company was permanently organized in 1869, has a capital stock of $157,500, and is controlled by George P. Swift, president, and W. A. Swift, secretary and treasurer. George P. Swift was also actively engaged in the establishment of another manufacturing establishment in Colum bus, which still bears his name, the Swift Manufacturing company. In 1844 Col. Swift married Cornelia A. Jewett, of Boston, a daughter of Charles Jewett, and this union has been blessed by the birth of seven children, viz. : Helen W. Murphy, George P., Jr., deceased, William A., Charles J., Edward W., Elizabeth B. Swift and Adelaide Kyle. In the matter of political belief Col. Swift is an uncompro mising democrat. He has no desire to enter into public life and has never sought any office, though his voice has undoubted weight in all public deliberations. Mrs. Cornelia A. Swift is a consistent member of the Baptist church.

Q RIGSBY E. THOMAS, JR., a very prominent attorney-at-law of Columbus, Ga., was born at the family residence on Rose Hill, then a suburb (now
annexed and a portion) of that city, Sept. 7, 1842, and is a son of Grigsby E. and Mary A. (Shivers) Thomas. Grigsby E. Thomas, Sr., was born in Hancock county, Ga., near Mount Zion, Jan. 10, 1796, was an attorney and had his first practice in Warren county, which he represented six years in the general assembly of Georgia. During his service in that body he was the author of a number of valuable acts; among the most prominent was the "honest debtors" act of 1823, which virtually abolished imprisonment for debt in Georgia. He was also an able advocate on the floor of the house and gave his earnest efforts in support of an act to establish a female college in Georgia, and to divide the state into congressional districts. He removed to Columbus, Ga., in 1830, and was soon after solicited to become a candidate for judge of the Chattahoochee circuit, to which position he was elected in 1832. He was elected during a fierce political strife in the then backwoods of Georgia, and was frequently compelled to travel his circuit through Indian trails, to swim creeks and rivers, to sleep in open houses and to hold court in log cabins in the midst of a people wild and rude in their habits, at that time. He never drank intoxicating liquor, and was eloquent in his appeals against the vice of intemperance. He was educated at the school of Nathan Beman, and among his schoolmates were Hons. Charles J. McDonald, W. T. Colquitt, A. H. Chappell, M. A. Cooper, Charles J. Jenkins and others of equal prominence. He died July 5, 1865, a member and elder of the Presbyterian church. His father, Frederick G., was a son of John Grigsby, a Baptist preacher.

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MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

Mrs. Mary A. Thomas was born in Warren county, Ga., a daughter of Barnaby

Shivers, of Warren county, whose ancestors were of the Isle of Wight county,

Ya. Her family is of French extraction, and the name was formerly spelled

Chievres, but has been anglicized to Shivers. Grigsby E. Thomas, Jr., after the

usual attendance at the Columbus schools, entered Oglethorpe university, at

Midway, near Milledgeville, Ga., leaving that institution in 1860 and going to the

state of Texas, where he was engaged in teaching school for eight months. On

April 20, 1861, at the age of eighteen, he enlisted in the City Light Guards, of

Columbus, which was Company A, Second Georgia battalion, the other companies

of that command being the Macon volunteers, the Spalding grays and the Floyd

rifles. These four companies were ordered to Portsmouth, Va., April 21, 1861,

and stationed at the navy yard, where they were drilled in heavy artillery as well

as tactics. One month later the Light guards were sent to Sewall's Point to mount

guns and hold Fort Sewall, and then were engaged in the first battle on Virginia

soil between the Confederate and Federal forces, May 21, 1861, brought about by

a gunboat firing on Fort Sewall, Capt P. H. Colquitt commanding. The com

pany and battalion remained there a year. The Second Georgia battalion was

sent to Goldsboro, N. C., in March, 1862, where they were stationed one month,

and at the expiration of that time were given fifteen days' furlough. Before leav

ing on their furloughs, the soldiers of the command were addressed by their

major, the late Thomas Hardeman, of Macon, Ga., who, having been promoted

to the colonelcy of another regiment, spoke to them in farewell as follows: "Sol

diers: You are going home after twelve months' faithful service, but remember

that a soldier has no home so long as that home is threatened by an invader."

Such was the enthusiasm aroused by this speech, of which the foregoing is the

concluding paragraph, that every man of the four companies re-enlisted on the

spot After his furlough had expired Mr. Thomas rejoined his company at

Wilmington, N. C., and remained there until the battle of Seven Pines, when the

command was ordered to Dairy's Bluff, remaining there a month. The battalion

was then placed in Gen. Evans' brigade, Holmes' division, Huger's corps, of

South Carolina, and sent to the left of the Confederate army in front of Richmond,

arriving at Games' mill the noon after the battle there; thence supporting Stone

wall Jackson's brigade in front of Richmond. Holmes' division, Huger's corps,

intercepted McClellan near the James river and forced him to fight at Malvern

hill. Mr. Thomas was promoted from private to ordnance sergeant of the post

of Petersburg, Va., and was in that city during the siege, holding the rank of

post-ordnance officer of the department of Southern Virginia and North Caro

lina. He remained in Petersburg until the evacuation of that city, when he was

ordered to take charge of the ordnance stores in Lynchburg, but the surrender

of Lee occurred before he could perform that service. After the close of hos

tilities he returned to his home in Columbus, Ga., and began the study of law

under L. T. Downing and ex-Gov. Johnson, was admitted to the bar in Novem-

[

ber. 1865, was subsequently appointed solicitor of the Muscogee county court by

f

Gov. James Smith, reappointed by Gov. Alfred H. Colquitt, and held that office

|

six years. In 1884 he was elected a member of the state democratic executive

committee, and in January, 1892, he was appointed United States circuit court

commissioner for the western division of the northern district of Georgia. On

Jan. 24, 1867. he married Fannie Wellborn Davie, daughter of Wellborn G. and

'

Xancy (Loflin) Davie. She bore him one child, Wellborn Marshall, now residing

;

at Selma, Ala., and she died Sept. 26, 1884. She was a graduate of the Talbotton

j

Female college. On Aug. 18, 1886, Mr. Thomas married Emma Hart Miller, of

Greene county, Ga., a graduate of Lucv Cobb institute, at Athens, Ga., by whom

MUSCOGEE COUNTY SKETCHES.

635

he has two children, viz.: Grigsby E. Thomas (fourth) and Maria Virginia Thomas.
Mr. Thomas is a member and elder of Lucy Cobb institute at Athens, Ga. Mr. Thomas is a member of the Presbyterian church. He is also a member of the
Knights of Honor, of which order he was grand dictator and representative of the
supreme lodge in 1883; he has also served as grand master workman of the grand lodge of Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, Florida and the Carolinas, also serving twice as supreme representative. He is also a member of the Royal
Arcanum, K. and L. of Honor, and is a master Mason. He still resides at the old family residence on Rose Hill, which is one of the landmarks of Columbus, having been built .in 1837 by the late Judge Thomas, and is even now in a fine state of preservation. It is located on the west brow of Rose Hill, 100 feet above the city, and commands a view four miles down the Chattahoochee river and two miles up that stream, including the North highlands, with Girard, Phoenix City arid the Alabama hills on the west. Mr. Thomas loves his native soil and
believes in the future greatness of the city of Columbus and bends his every effort to assist in establishing that greatness.

f)OUGLASS C. TICKNOR, M. D., of Columbus, Ga., was born at Torch Hill, Muscogee Co., six miles south of the city of Columbus, on July 31, 1852. He
was reared in his rural home, receiving the larger part of his earlier education at the hands of his father, Dr. F. O. Ticknor, noted at that time as a physician, surgeon and litterateur. Young Ticknor was graduated from the Atlanta Medical college with the degree of M. D. in 1876. Immediately after his graduation he located in the city of Columbus, Ga., and entered actively upon the practice of his profession, and has continued to do so up to the present time. In the profession his skill and ability are manifest in a large and successful practice, and he sustains a very de sirable rank among the members of the profession. He is of a progressive, inves tigating turn of mind and taked much interest in the advancement of the profession. He has been honored by his fellow-citizens at different times by being selected to fill important positions in the city government, notably as president of the Colum bus board of health for three years, from 1890 to 1893, and as city physician of
Columbus for one term. Dr. Ticknor is a prominent member of the masonic fraternity. He Is also a consistent member of the Protestant Episcopal church.

JOHN EVANS WALKER, of Columbus, Ga., was born Jan. 2, 1863, at Chester, S. C. He entered Vanderbilt university, Nashville, Tenn., in 1879, selecting a scientific course. From 1882 to 1885 he was a student in the medical department of the university of the city of New York. After the termination of his course of study in that institution he was appointed house physician to the city hospital of Elizabeth, N. J., and served in that capacity for more than a year. In 1885 he was connected with the Chambers street hospital, New York city, and later served as physician in the Emigration hospital, on Ward's island, New York, remaining there not quite three years. In 1889 he removed to Columbus, Ga., where he has since resided, except during the year 1890, when he was a medical student at the university of Berlin, Germany. In 1890 Dr. Walker was happily joined in the bonds of holy wedlock to Anna R. Lamar, daughter of Col. Albert R. Lamar, of Macon, Ga. Dr. Walker is a member of the masonic fraternity, of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows and of the Knights of Pythias. He is a
member of the Presbyterian church.

- LOVICK WYNN WELLS, a prominent physician of Columbus, Ga., was
born in Russell county, Ala., in 1847. His father was James Phillips Wells, a native of North Carolina. He was a large planter and a major in command of a

636

MEMOIRS OP GEORGIA.

battalion m the Creek war of 1836. He died in 1863 at the age of sixty-eight years.
The family on the father's side is French. L. W. Wells resided in Russell county> Ala., until the age of thirteen, and then went to Oglethorpe university, then located at Midway, near Milledgeville, and was graduated from that institution in 1860.
He then began the study of medicine and was graduated, in 1860, at the university
of the city of New York, and in 1861 was one of the 550 southern students who left that city when the war began. He then graduated from the Tulane university, New Orleans, La. In 1861 he entered the Thirty-first Georgia infantry as assistant surgeon, and eleven months later organized a company of partisan rangers, in Albany, Ga., and was made the captain. He served as captain of that company in the army of northern Virginia until the close of hostilities. He par
ticipated in the battles of second Manassas, Fredericksburg, Petersburg, and all the battles around Petersburg except the last one; also at Bentonville, N. C, and in the battle near Raleigh, N. C. After the war Dr. Wells returned to Russell county,
Ala., where he bad large farming interests, and practiced medicine there until 1889, when he removed to Columbus, Ga. He has built up an extensive practice in that city. He is a member of the Improved Order of Red Men and attends the Presby terian church. He has been twice married. The first time in June, 1880, to Julia
L., daughter of the late Dr. Eli Gaither, of Wetumpka, Ala., and the second time in October, 1894, at Ozark, Ala., to Georgia, daughter of E. F. Davis, who was a lieutenant in Dr. Wells' company during the civil war.

Q EORGE B. WHITESIDE, the agent of large steamboat interests in Columbus, Ga., was born in New York city Oct 4, 1855, and resided in that city until
he was fifteen years of age, attending school in the city of Brooklyn. In. 1870 he removed to Columbus, Ga., where his father, Samuel J. Whiteside, was engaged in steamboating, and the son engaged in business with his father. He remained in Columbus about one year, going thence to Savannah, Ga., where he acted as super intendent of the Gordon Compress company. Returning to Columbus in 1880 he served as treasurer of the Columbus Iron Works company ten years, since which time he has been agent of steamboat lines running between Columbus, Ga., -and Apalachicola, Fla. This fleet consists of three beautiful combination freight and passenger river steamers, named the "Pactolus," the "Naiad" and the "Queen City." Mr. Whiteside is also general superintendent for the lessee of the Central railroad compresses, located in the cities of Columbus and Macon, Ga., and Eufaula, Ala. While a citizen of Savannah Mr. Whiteside was elected a corporal in the Repub lican Blues, a prominent military organization, and he served as such as long as he resided there. In 1890 he was elected captain of the Columbus guards, and credit ably filled that position for two years. He had joined the company as a private, and had been promoted to a lieutenancy, his comrades in arms having observed his peculiar fitness and ability as a commanding officer. Although he has never been a seeker after preferment of any kind, Mr. Whiteside has served for the past five years as a trustee of the Columbus public schools. He is eminent commander of St Aldemar commandery, No. 3, Knights Templar, and a member of the vestry of Trinity Episcopal church. In 1879 Mr. Whiteside was married to Miss Carrie E. Brown, of Columbus, a daughter of W. R. Brown, a prominent citizen of that place.
CHARLES L. WILLIAMS of Columbus, Ga., was born March 26, 1844, in Hamilton, Harris, Co., Ga., receiving his earlier education in the town of his birth and afterward attending the Brownwood institute at La Grange, Troup Co., Ga., and the Glennville Military institute, Glennville, Russell Co., Ala. In July, 1861, Mr. Williams enlisted, as firSt sergeant, in the Twentieth

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637

Georgia infantry, serving as such until the battle of Sharpsburg, Tenn, Sept. 22,
1862. In that battle he suffered a serious wound, and in consequence, was placed on the retired list and returned to his home, but, having sufficiently recovered from his wound, he was made an enrolling officer and served in that capacity
until the close of the war. While on the field Mr. Williams was a participant in the battles of Sharpsburg, Malvern Hill, second Manassas and many minor skirmishes. He had five brothers in the Confederate sen ice, viz.: John Thomas, a member of the Third Georgia cavalry, who died about the year 1881; James F. C., in Gen. Clement A. Evan's brigade, under Stonewall Jackson; Benjamin H., a member of one of the companies composing the First Georgia regiment, which company was commanded by Capt Frank Wilkins of Columbus, Ga.; Brittain Williams, who served during the latter part of the war; and O. S. Williams, a member of the Georgia cadets, a company formed from the students of Oglethorpe university, at Marietta, Ga. During the year 1865 Mr. Williams began the study of medicine at Hamilton, Harris Co., Ga., and later attended a course of lectures at the Augusta Medical college, now the medical department of the university of Georgia, but was finally graduated from the Atlanta, Ga., Medical college, in 1866. Immediately after his graduation and in order to further perfect himself in the knowledge of his profession, Dr. Williams entered the Bellevue Hospital Medical college, New York city, remained there one year and then returned to his home in Hamilton, Ga., during March, 1867. After practicing for a time at Hamilton he removed to Villula, Russell Co., Ala., where he entered upon the practice of his profession, but at the end of four years, to accommodate a large patronage, he changed his residence to Scale, the county seat of Russell, and remained there fourteen years, removing to his present residence in Columbus, Ga., in December, 1886. Although he has never sought political preferment, Dr. Williams was elected treasurer of Russell county, Ala., in 1877 an^ served four
years. He was made president of the Russell County Medical society for one term and was a charter member of that organization. He is a member of the Baptist church and also a prominent member of the masonic fraternity, having served as worshipful master of the lodge at Scale, Ala., for several years. On Dec. 31, 1869, Dr. Williams was married to Miss Mary L. Evans, a daughter of John Q. Evans, a prominent citizen of Villula, Ala. Dr. Williams was called upon to mourn the death of his wife in 1889, leaving four daughters as the issue of their union, viz.: A little boy, Charles Wellborn, died in 1875, two and one-half years of age; Fanny L., Mary E., Sallie B. and Ina J. The father of Dr. Williams was Thomas A. Williams, a prominent citizen of Harris county, Ga., who died while the subject of this sketch was in infancy. He was a planter and was the first democrat ever elected to the office of sheriff of Harris county. Dr. Williams is descended maternally from Lucinda (Henry) Williams, a native of Harris
county, Ga.
A. WIMBISH, a very prominent attorney of Columbus, Ga., was born at La Grange, Troup Co., Ga., May i, 1859, and is a son of Dr. H. S. and Emma (Stanley) Wimbish. Dr. H. S. Wimbish was a native of Abbeville district, S. C., came to Georgia in early manhood and for a time practiced his profession at Greenville, Meriwether Co. In 1858 he removed to La Grange, Troup Co., Ga., and founded the La Grange Banking & Trust company, of which institution he was the president at the date of his decease, in 1875. He was married to Miss Emma Stanley, a scion of the famous North Carolina family of that name. William A. Wimbish received most of his primary education in La Grange, in 1875 went to Washington and Lee university, Lexington, Va., and was graduated from that institution in the academic course in 1878, and from

638

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MEMOIRS OP GEORGIA.

the law department of the same in 1879. Immediately after his graduation he returned to his home at La Grange, Ga., where he was admitted to the bar the same year by diploma, and practiced his profession five years. In 1884 he removed his law office to Atlanta, Ga.,' practiced there four years and was regarded as an eminently successful attorney. In 1888 he removed to Columbus, where he has since been actively engaged in the practice. Together with his old law partner, Hon. William A. Little of Columbus, Mr. Wimbish was for two years the counsel of the Columbus Southern railroad, and was brought very promi nently before the public in the celebrated case of that road vs. Wright, comp troller-general. Mr. Wimbish carried the cause of his clients to the supreme court of the United States, and it was here that he achieved the extensive reputation he now enjoys. Mr. Wimbish is special counsel of the state of Georgia for the Western & Atlantic railroad, an office created by the general assembly, to which he was appointed by the governor. This railroad, extending from Atlanta to Chattanooga, and having very valuable terminals in both cities, is the exclusive property of the state, though now leased to and operated by the Nashville, Chattanooga & St. Louis railway. The state first leased the road, more than twenty-five years ago, since which time, until 1892, it had no representative to specially look after and guard its interests in this valuable property. In conse quence of the growth of the cities of Atlanta and Chattanooga, and the encroachments of other railroads on the right of way and properties of the Western & Atlantic, it was found that great confusion had arisen concerning the rights of the state and much litigation was threatened. Mr. Wimbish was appointed special counsel for the purpose of ascertaining and asserting the rights of the state in this property. He has been eminently successful in this work, having recovered properties which had been lost sight of for more than forty years, and adjusted numerous controversies which otherwise would have resulted in seri ous loss to the state. Mr. Wimbish is a director in, and general counsel for the Interstate Building & Loan association, one of the strongest financial institutions in the south, having assets of nearly $1,500,000, with its home office in Columbus. About a year ago Mr. Wimbish founded the prominent and successful law firm of Wimbish, Worrill & McMichael. In 1881 he was happily joined in the bonds of holy wedlock to Miss Susie Dickenson, a most estimable lady of Decatur county, Ga., and a daughter of the late William Dickenson, a very prominent
citizen of that county.
QHARLES B. WOODRUFF, secretary and treasurer of the Eagle & Phoenix Manufacturing company of Columbus, Ga., was born in that city on Aug.
27, 1860. His father, Louis T. Woodruff, was a native of New Jersey and came south prior to the war between the states, and at one time operated a line of steamboats on the Chattahoochee river from Columbus, Ga., the head of navigaion, to Apalachicola, Fla. He died in 1863. During the war, the gentleman whose name heads this article, then an infant of two years, was removed by his parents to the city of Elizabeth, X. J., returning with his mother to Columbus, Ga., in 1866. Young Woodruff received his entire education in the Columbus city schools and in 1873, at the early age of thirteen years, began his life-work as a clerk in a dry goods establishment at Columbus. He served in that capacity for two vears and then obtained employment as a bookkeeper for the firm of Gordon & Cargill, and remained in the employ of that firm five years. In 1879 Mr. Woodruff entered the service of the Eagle & Phoenix Manufacturing company of Columbus as a bookkeeper and general office man, and as such served fourteen years. For his faithfulness and efficiency in the performance of any duty devolving upon him, he was, in February, 1894. promoted to the responsible

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639

position of secretary and treasurer of the company, which is one of the largest manufacturers of cotton and woolen stuffs in the entire southern states. In 1890 Mr. Woodruff was made secretary and treasurer of the Chattahoochee Knitting company, of Columbus, also, and he was elected a member of the board of directors of the Eagle & Phoenix Manufacturing company. Though he has never sought political preferment, he was in 1893 selected as a member of the democratic executive committee of Muscogee county and served very efficiently in that capacity through the succeeding campaign. Air. Woodruff is not a member of any church, though entertaining a most profound respect for every form of Christian belief. He is a member of the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks. In October, 1890, Mr. Woodruff was happily joined in the bonds of wedlock to Miss Mary L: Mott of Columbus, a granddaughter of Col. Randolph Mott of that city. This union has been blessed by the birth of one son, Randolph Mott Woodruff.

UENRY LINDSAY WOODRUFF, superintendent of the Empire flour mills of Columbus, Ga., is a son of George W. Woodruff, the owner of those mills,
and was born in Muscogee county, Ga., May 20, 1851. He has resided in the county of his birth all his life except a few years, probably seven, during his childhood. His educational advantages were limited to such as were afforded by the common schools of Muscogee county, which he attended regularly until his fourteenth year. He began his work in life as a bill clerk in the Empire flour mills and by close application and a thorough discharge of the duties devolving upon him has been successively promoted from the lowest to the highest position connected with that large mill, having been unanimously chosen superintendent of the same in 1872. Mr. Woodruff is a man of much native talent and a thorough business man, energetic and full of enterprise. He occupies several positions of trust and honor in the business world at large; among others, hold ing the place of a director of the Columbus Investment company and in the Columbus Savings bank. He is also a large stockholder in the East Atlanta Land company, the Atlanta Home Insurance company and the Atlanta Consoli dated Street Railway company, all of Atlanta, Ga.: and he has considerable stock in the Union Oil and Land company of California, besides a moderate amount of stock in several minor concerns. Although he has never sought preferment of any kind, Mr. Woodruff was, in 1881, selected as alderman from the Fourth ward of Columbus, but firmly declined re-election. However, in 1894, he was prevailed upon to accept a place as a member of the Columbus board of police commissioners, and he retains that position at the present time. He is a member of the masonic fraternity, and also a member of the Presbyterian church. Mr. Woodruff was married on Oct. 28, 1875, to Miss Mary J. Kyle, an estimable lady of Columbus, Ga., a daughter of the late John Kyle. This union has been blessed by the birth of three sons and two daughters, viz.: Yirgie Bright, James Waldo, Harry Ernest, Anna Lucile, and George Cecil.

T H. WORRILL, a prominent attorney of Columbus, Ga., was born in Talbotton, Talbot Co., Ga., Aug. 10, 1855. He was reared and received his
earlier education in the town of his birth; and in 1873 he became a student at the university of Georgia (Athens), graduating with distinction from that insti tution in 1875. Immediately after his graduation he returned to his home at Talbotton and began the study" of the law under the tutorage of his father. Hon. E. H. Worrill, who was, for fourteen years, the presiding judge of the Chattahoochee judicial circuit, departing this life in 1881. The son was admitted to the bar at the fall term of Talbot superior court and practiced his profession in Talbotton

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I

until 1889, when, desiring a wider field for the exercise of his talents, he removed

[

to Columbus, Ga., and has since resided there. In November, 1886, Mr. Worrill

|

was elected by the state legislature solicitor-general of the Chattahoochee circuit

j

to fill the unexpired term of Hon. Thomas W. Grimes, who had resigned on being

elected a member of congress. Mr. Worrill served as solicitor-general more than

three years and in 1889 he was chosen as one of the representatives for the county

of Muscogee in the state legislature. He served as a legislator for the full term

of two years, and in 1891 he was elected city attorney of Columbus and has been

continuously re-elected each succeeding year since. In 1884 Mr. Worrill was

united in the bonds of holy wedlock to Miss Emma B. Biggers, a most estimable

lady of Harris county, Ga., daughter of J. J. W. Biggers, a prominent citizen of

that county. Mr. Worrill is a master Mason and affiliates with the Methodist Epis

copal church, south.

A LEXAXDER C. YOUNG, youngest son of William H. and Ellen A. (Beall) Young, was born in Somerville, Morgan Co., Ala., Nov. 22, 1850. William
H. Young was born in the city of New York, Jan. 22, 1807. His father, James Young, was of Scotch extraction, and was a native of New Jersey. In early life he moved to New York and engaged in cabinet-making. He married Christina
Ridabeck, a native of Xew York, whose father emigrated from Germany at an early period. William H. Young had good educational advantages and came to Georgia in the spring of 1824, engaging as a clerk for Ira Peck of Marion, Twiggs Co. In 1825 an older brother, Edward B. Young, came from New York and also settled in the town of Marion, forming a partnership with William H. Young, which continued about nine years, and was attended by a fair degree of success. The business was disposed of in 1835, his brother removing to Eufaula,
Ala., where he successfully organized the Eufaula National bank, was elected its first president and held that position at the time of his death, in 1881, at the ripe age of seventy-eight years. When the partnership of the Young brothers was dissolved in the town of Marion, William H. Young returned to New York, engaging as salesman and collector for a large jobbing house. In 1839 he returned south, located at Apalachicola, Fla., forming a partnership with Dr. Henry Lockhart in the commission business, which continued ten years and was eminently successful. William H. Young then continued the business about five years longer in his own name, at the end of that time having accumulated suf ficient capital to carry out his desire to embark in the cotton manufacturing busi ness he moved to Columbus, Ga., in 1855. At that time the citizens of Columbus were organizing a bank, and they elected him as the first president of that insti tution, which position he continued to occupy for some years during the civil war, when he resigned, as his manufacturing business required all his attention. At the close of the war, and after Gen. Lee's surrender the Federal troops occu pied the city of Columbus and wantonly burned all the factories and all the cotton in that city, the loss to the Eagle company being about $1,000,000. The share holders met and appointed William H. Young to sell the property and to close the business. This he did and returned to the stockholders twice the amount of their investment out of the wrecked property. A new company was organized Aid purchased at public outcry the property, obtained a charter, William H. Young becoming a shareholder, and named the corporation the Eagle & Phoenix Manu facturing company. These mills are, at the present time, undoubtedly the largest in the south and give employment to 2,000 operatives. Thus the dream and object of the life of William H. Young was attained, and he peacefully passed to his reward, at his home in Bellwood, near Columbus, on May 8, 1894. Mr. Young
was a citizen such as every city needs and is proud to claim. He worked for his

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64!

own interest and the interest of those associated with him; but in so doing he never lost sight of the city's good, and wherever he could he was always ready to put in a claim and a stroke for Columbus. He watched the city's growth with pride, and as it kept pace with the ever constant and upward and onward move ment of his great manufacturing establishment, he felt a keen sense of pleasure and gratification. His public and business career was marked by a strict integ rity, and his home life was characterized by a pure and loving devotion to his noble helpmate, children and friends. Ellen Augusta (Beall) Young was a native of Warren county, Ga., a daughter of Robert Augustus Beall. Her family was notably prominent and of very high character. Her father was appointed by the governor as commissioner to supervise the drawing of the land lottery, when Georgia distributed to its citizens the public lands of the state by that method. The family consisted of three sons and six daughters. The sons are all dead. Rob ert Augustus Beall attained high rank as a lawyer and had a large and lucrative practice which extended over the larger part of Georgia. He died in Macon, Ga. Mrs. Young was next to the youngest of the six sisters and died in her seventy-eighth year. Of her sons, all save one saw service in the Confederate army, viz.: Alfred I. (deceased); William H., Jr., who was killed at the battle of Marietta, Ga.; George B.; Richard T., and James E. Alfred I. was a captain and George B. was a lieutenant in the same Georgia regiment Alexander C. Young was brought up in Columbus, Ga., where he received his primary education and was graduated at the university of Georgia in 1870. He then went to New York city and clerked one year for his brother, a cotton merchant, then returned to Columbus, Ga., and entering the employ of the Eagle & Phoenix Manufacturing company remained with that corporation about twenty years, and during the last year was secretary and treasurer. In 1892, together with C. L. Perkins and J. W. Boyd, he incorporated the W. H. Young company--manufacturers of jeans, cottonades, worsted goods. Mr. Perkins is president of this company, Mr. Boyd is superintendent, and Mr. Young is treasurer. The capital stock of the com pany is $30,000 and it does a business of $100,000 annual!}'. Mr. Young is a con sistent member of the Methodist Episcopal church south, and is a member of the board of trustees of St. Paul's church of Columbus. He is unmarried at present

NEWTON COUNTY.
I C- ANDERSON, physician and surgeon, Starrsville, Newton Co., Ga., son * of Newton and Eunice (Askew) Anderson, was born in South Carolina in
1838. His paternal grandparents, Thomas and Anna (White) Anderson, were natives of Virginia, whence, early in life, they migrated to South Carolina. After remaining there a few years he came to Georgia in the old-time primitive ox-cart and settled in the woods in Newton county, where Oxford now stands, and cleared a farm. He was a soldier in the last war with Great Britain and became a promi nent and influential citizen of Newton county, which he represented in the gen eral assembly. Mr. Andersen's father was born in South Carolina, where he received a good education, and came to Newton county in 1837. After teaching school five years he was elected sheriff of the county and was continuously reelected and held the office at the time of his death. In 1863 he raised a regiment
of cavalry, no-f4wi hich he was commissioned colonel, performed gallant service in

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MEMOIRS OP GEORGIA.

many hard-fought battles, and was neither captured nor wounded. His mother

was a daughter of Dr. Stephen Askew, a native of South Carolina. Dr. Anderson

was raised on the farm, and after receiving a good primary and preparatory

education studied medicine under the preceptorship of Dr. Willis Westmoreland,

Atlanta, after which he attended lectures at the Atlanta Medical college, from

which he was graduated in March, 1860, and immediately afterward located and

commenced the practice of medicine at Starrsville. In 1861 he enlisted in Com

pany H, Third Georgia regiment, and was made surgeon of his company, and

afterward was made surgeon of the Third Georgia hospital at Richmond; but

when his company was ordered to the front he insisted on going with it, and did

so. With his command he was in the following, among other important battles:

South Mills, Malvern Hill, seven days' fight around Richmond, Second Manassas,

Sharpsburg, Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, Harper's Ferry, etc.

He was slightly wounded at Sharpsburg, and again more seriously at Gettysburg.

He refused to "go to the hospital, and remained with his company. He finally

accepted a sixty days' furlough and came home, but he rejoined his company at

Jonesville before his furlough expired. He was with his command in every fight

in which it took a part, excepting when he was at home. His regiment never gave

up a position, and was never ordered to take a position but what it took it and

kept it. and was known in the army as the "fighting regiment"--a distinction

gallantly earned and as gallantly maintained. Entering at once upon the practice

of his profession after the war he has established a large and remunerative prac

tice and reputation for skill, as demonstrated by his success. He ranks high in the

!

profession and is regarded by the people with the affection of which the faithful

physician is so richly deserving. Dr. Anderson was married in 1863 to Miss

Amanda C.--Georgia born--daughter of Archibald S. and Mary (Quilly) Belcher.

1

His wife's grandparents, William and Jemima (Smith) Belcher, were natives of

i

Virginia, who came to Georgia in ox-carts about 1800, settled in what is now Jas

per county, and cleared a farm in the woods. He was a soldier in the war of 1812.

His wife's father was born in Georgia in 1812; during the civil war was a member

of the state militia first, and afterward under the command of Capt. Newton An

derson. To Dr. and Mrs. Anderson five children have been born, three of whom

survive: Newton, practicing physician: Tommie L., wife of E. O. Lee, and Anna

Gordon. He is a master Mason, and Mrs. Anderson is a member of the Good

Templars. Himself and wife are working and useful members of the Methodist

church.

I S. BUTLER, farmer, Winton, Newton Co., Ga., son of Robert J. and Sarah " TBoyd) Butler, was born in Virginia in 1835. His parents were natives of Virginia and lived and died in the state. He was a farmer, a soldier in the revolutionary army--for which he received a land grant, which he held in Virginia--and was a member of the old-school Presbyterian church. Mr. Butler
was raised in Virginia, where he received only a limited education; he, however, was proficient enough to teach school one year. He was raised a farmer and has been content to follow that calling all his life. In 1861 he enlisted in Company C. Washington artillery, and with the exception of fifteen days, remained in the army until the surrender. He was never wounded nor captured. In 1867 he came to Georgia and settled on the farm in Newton county where he now lives. Besides attending to the cultivation of his farm he owns and operates a ginnery and a saw-mill. He is a man of energy and enterprise, of sterling character and inflexible integrity, and is one of the many solid, substantial citizens of Newton county. Mr. Rutler was married in 1871 to Miss Jane--bqrn and raised in Newton county

NEWTON COUNTY SKETCHES.

643

--daughter of Alexander and Parmelia (Harding) Pharr. Himself and wife are active and prominent members of the Methodist church.

REV. MORGAN CALLAWAY, D. D., vice-president and professor of English, Emory college, Oxford, Ga., son of Jesse and Mary (Wootten) Callaway, was
born in Wilkes county, Ga., in 1831. His paternal grandparents, Joseph and Mary (Morgan) Callaway, were native Virginians, who migrated to Georgia about 1790 and settled in Wilkes county. He was a soldier in the patriot army during the revolutionary war. Prof. Callaway's father was born in Wilkes county, was a planter, a volunteer soldier in the last war with Great Britain, and held the rank of sergeant. Prof. Callaway received a good primary and preparatory education at the academy, Washington, Wilkes Co., and then entered the univer sity of Georgia, from which he was graduated in 1849. After his graduation he attended the celebrated Gould law school, Augusta, was admitted to the bar, and entered upon the practice, also supervised his farming interests. Abandoning the practice of law, he accepted a professorship in Andrew Female college, Cuthbert, Randolph Co., Ga., where he remained until 1862. That year he enlisted in Company B, Butts' battalion of artillery, but later was transferred to Capt. Reed's battery, with which he remained until the end. He was a participant in very many of the important battles of the war, and was shot down twice--first at Gordonville and again at Cold Harbor. He entered the service as a private, but became first lieutenant of the first battery, and then captain of the second, and was present when Gen. Lee surrendered at Appomattox. Since the war his time has been wholly occupied in preaching and teaching. His first pastoral work was at Washington, Ga., his old home, where he was stationed four years, and after that he was for two years president of the female college at La Grange, Ga. In 1870 he was elected professor of Latin in Emory college, and has been connected with that institution ever since, with the exception of two years given to the Paine institute, Augusta, Ga.--the honor and credit for the organization of which justly belong to him. He held the Latin professorship only for four years, since which he has taught English, and is now, in addition, vice-president of the college. In 1865 he was elected a delegate to the constitutional convention, in which he took an absorbing interest, and was one of the most useful and influential of its members. His has been a life of unceasing activity and well-directed usefulness, the luster of whose record is umlimmed by a shadow, and whose motives have no taint of selfishness. He ranks among the most prominent ministers of the denomina tion he honors, and was given the degree of D. D. by Emory college. Prof. Callaway has been twice married. He was first married in 1850, to Miss Eliza, daughter of Fielding and Mary (Wootten) Hinton. Seven children were born to them, only two survive: Maude lived to become the wife of the Rev. James M. Lovett; and Morgan, having won the doctorate of philosophy at Johns Hopkins university, is now professor of English in the university of Texas. The mother, a very pious and exemplary member of the Methodist church, died in 1867. In 1868 he contracted a second marriage with Miss Georgia, daughter of Dr. Fielding and Frances (Wingfield) Ficklen, by whom he has had one child, who,. however, is dead. Mrs. Callaway has for years been the corresponding secretary of the Woman's Missionary society of the North Georgia conference. Dr. Calla way is the author of several works: Our Mother Tongue, Woman and Art, and various sermons and magazine articles.
A- CANDLER, D. D., eleventh president of Emory college, is the seventh * son of Samuel C. and Martha Beall Candler, and was born in Carroll county, Ga., Aug. 23, 1857. His grandfather was Daniel Candler, who was the

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MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

youngest son of CoL William Candler, of revolutionary fame. This CoL William Candler was ait the siege of Augusta and with Gen. Sumter in his Carolina campaign of 1780. The eldest child of CoL Candler was Mary Candler, who
became the wife of Capt Ignatius Few, and the mother of Dr. Ignatius Few, the first president of Emory college. Warren Akin Candler, the subject of this
sketch, was graduated at Emory college'with the highest honors of his class in July, 1875, one month before he was eighteen years of age. In December, 1875, he was admitted, on trial, to the North Georgia conference of the Methodist Episcopal church south, at its session held in Griffin, Ga. From his graduation until he applied for membership in the conference (July to December, 1875), he
supplied the pulpit of the Methodist church in Sparta, Ga. In 1876 he was appointed as junior preacher on the Newton circuit, with Rev. A. W. Rowland as his senior. In 1877 he served the Watkinsville circuit with Rev. W. W. Oslin as his senior. In the years 1878, 1879 and 1880, he was pastor of the Merritts Avenue church, Atlanta. In 1881 he was presiding elder for the Dahlonega district,
having been appointed to the office of a presiding elder at an earlier age than any other man in the history of his church. In 1882 he was again stationed at Sparta. In 1883-84-85 and a part of 1886 he was the pastor of St John's church, Augusta, Ga. In July, 1886, the college of bishops appointed him associate editor of the
"Christian Advocate," at Nashville, Tenn., the official organ of the Methodist Episcopal church south. There he remained until June, 1888, when he was elected president of Emory college, where he lias served since. He received the degree of doctor of divinity from his alma mater at the age of thirty-one.

HON. ROBERT U. HARDEMAN. No man in Georgia is better known than Hon. Robert U. Hardeman, the state treasurer. He is the healthy embodiment
of fine sense and good humor, and during his period of service he has made, perhaps, the best record of any treasurer who has ever had charge of the state's money. The subject of this sketch was born in Macon, Bibb Co., Ga., on Nov. 22, 1838. His father, Thomas Hardeman, was born in Oglethorpe county, near Lexington, in 1800. Moving to Macon he engaged in the commission business, and continued to follow the pursuit of merchandising until his death in 1865. The grandfather of Mr. Hardeman, whose name was John Hardeman, was born in Pennsylvania, but after reaching mature manhood came south with his two broth ers, one locating in Tennessee, one in Georgia, and one in Texas. The boyhood of Mr. Hardeman was spent amid the cultured surroundings of the beautiful city of Macon. He attended the private schools of that city, chiefly the one taught by
Gen. James Armstrong, of West Point, and Marvin M. Mason. His father being a man of liberal means felt it to be his duty to give his children a thorough education, and for this reason Robert, as soon as he was sufficiently advanced, was sent to Emory college, Oxford, Ga. He was graduated from this institution with the degrees of A. B. and A. M. in 1859. Among his classmates were Rev. Atticus G. Haygood, bishop of the southern Methodist church; Dr. I. S. Hopkins, formerly president of Emory college, and ex-president of the Technological school, and Col.
McArnold, of the Sixth Georgia regiment of infantry, who was killed at Petersburg. Immediately after leaving college Mr. Hardeman was united in marriage to Miss Eugenia Morrelle, the daughter of George W. Morrelle, a successful ante-bellum merchant of Covington, Ga. He went into his father-in-law's store as a partner in the business and continued in this enterprise until the war broke out, and he entered the Confederate army in May, 1861. He enlisted in the Second Georgia
battalion and went out as a private in the Floyd rifles, organized in Macon in 1845. This company was known as Company C of the battalion. After a gallant service of twelve months he re-enlisted in the Forty-fifth Georgia regiment, commanded

R. U. IIARDKMAX.

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645

by his brother, Col. Thomas Hardeman. He served as a private under this com mand for one year, after which he was made assistant quartermaster. At the time of the surrender he was acting as adjutant of his regiment. After the war he returned to Covington, but remained for only a short while. He then went to
Macon, where he became bookkeeper for Hardeman & Sparks, cotton factors, remaining with them until 1876, when he was employed as bookkeeper in the office of Comptroller W. L. Goldsmith until 1884. He then entered the race for state trea surer and was elected for a term of two years. He has held that position ever since in the full confidence of the people of Georgia. The popularity of Mr.
Hardeman with all classes in the state is explained by his genial and attractive social qualities and by his rugged honesty. He is known from Bade to Chatham as "Uncle Bob," and he seems to enjoy this familiar distinction. Mr. Hardeman is the president of the Southern Home Loan and Building association. His home
since 1877 has been at Oxford, Ga., about forty miles from Atlanta, on the Georgia railroad. He is fond of his home and makes the trip back and forth daily. Mr. Hardeman has five living children, three sons and two daughters. His friends all over Georgia unite in the wish that his robust health may long continue and that Georgia for many years to come will reap the benefit of his patriotic and jealous guardianship of the people's money.

LIAYES. Of all the early settlers of that portion of the state now known as Newton county, few came earlier, and none are now more influential or more
highly esteemed than the Hayes family. Its advent precedes the organization Of the county nearly a score of years, and the members of the family have been
important factors in promoting its development and growth. The paternal grand parents of the subjects of the following sketches were George and Sarah (Graham) Hayes. He was born in Virginia, whence when a young man he migrated to South Carolina. About 1805 he came to Georgia and settled in what is now New ton county. He was a soldier in the last war with Great Britain, taught in the public schools, and was a justice of the peace many years.

DOBERT L. HAYES was born in South Carolina and came to Georgia and cleared land between the Two Bear creeks a year or two prior to the removal
of the family. He was the first actual settler; there were, however, many squat ters. He dug the first well ever dug, and rived the first boards ever rived in the county. He married Miss Sarah Penn, daughter of Benjamin and Hannah (Burdine) Penn, native South Carolinians. He was raised a farmer and followed farm ing all his life.
JAMES L. HAYES, farmer, Hayston, Newton Co., Ga., son of Robert L. and Sarah (Penn) Hayes, was born in Newton county in 1839. He was raised on the
farm and received such education as was obtainable at the "old-field" schools of his boyhood days. In 1862 he enlisted in Company B, Capt. Simms, Fifty-third Geor gia regiment, Col. Doyal. With his command, he participated in the seven-days' fight around Richmond, and the Maryland campaign, including the battle of Sharpsburg. Being taken sick, he was laid off, but by the time his command reached Staunton he rejoined it. A wound received at Chancellorsville rendered him ineffective for soldier-service, and he was sent home. But about seven months afterward he returned to the army and was appointed wagon-master, under Maj. Thompson, in the quartermaster's department. In a short time he rejoined the arm}-, but being again adjudged unfit for field duty, was re-appointed wagonmaster, and was in North Carolina at the time of the surrender. Very few men, in any sphere of life--civil or military--professional or political--ever more per-

646

MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

sistently endeavored to do what they conscientiously felt it to be their duty to do
than Mr. Hayes tried to do during the war, according to the above recital. He came back from the war without a dollar, but by close attention to his fanning interests and judicious investment, he has become the owner of a 6oo-acre farm,
and on it a good home and substantial improvements, possessing, along with these, the esteem and confidence of his fellow-citizens. Mr. Hayes was married in 1859 to Miss Margaret L.--born in Newton county--daughter of John and Jane (Weldon) Cowan, of old Georgia families. They have only one child--P. B. Mr. Hayes is a master Mason, and himself and wife are members of the Presbyterian church.

{

QEORGE F. HAYES, tanner and farmer, Hayston, Newton Co., Ga., son of

|

Robert L. and Sarah (Penn) Hayes, was born in Newton county in 1829. All the

(

education he received was that obtained at the "old-field" school during the leisure intervals in farm work. He was raised a farmer, but after reaching manhood he

i

engaged in tanning, in which he has continued in connection with his farm. In

i

1862 he enlisted in Company F, Capt J. M. Simmers, Forty-second Georgia regi

ment, CoL Henderson, and gallantly served through the war. After the surrender

j

he resumed work in his tannery and has prospered. He, too, lives on a part of

j

the land first settled upon by his grandfather, and shares with his brothers the

'

popularity and esteem which is the reward of probity of character and good citizen-

i

ship. Mr. Hayes was married in 1857 to Miss E. F. Marks, daughter of Robert

;

and Nancy P. (Bolton) Marks, formerly of Warren county, Ga., of which the

family was among the early settlers. Eight children have been born to them:

I

Jeanette, Chloe, Floyd, Emma, Fannie, Joe, Queen, and Maggie. Mrs. Hayes is

!

a devoted and useful member of the Baptist church.

i

C M. HAYES, farmer, Hayston, Newton Co., Ga., son of Robert L. and Sarah

* (Penn) Hayes, was born in Newton county in 1837. He was raised on the

j

farm, and was educated at the historic log school-house with puncheon seats, when

!

Webster's blue-back spelling book was in use. During the war he was on

'

detached duty. In 1872, while absent from home, he was elected a justice of the

!

peace without solicitation--without his consent or wish--and has been continuously

.

re-elected since. He is living on a part of the land which his father cleared, and

i

on which his grandfather settled nearly 100 years ago. He is unambitious of

i

office, and perfectly satisfied with the distinction of being a good farmer, and with

the profits of his honest labor. He is a solid, substantial, model citizen, much

j

respected by his fellow-citizens. Mr. Hayes has been married three times. His

first marriage was in 1856 to Miss Jimcy D.--born in Henry county, Ga.--daughter

of James and Susan (Kidd) Hootton, South Carolinians, who early in life came



in ox-carts to Georgia. Four children blessed this union: James L., Ophelia,

Susannah, and Sarah. The mother of these, a devout Presbyterian, died in 1868,

and in 1869, he married Miss Mary C.--born in South Carolina--daughter of

James and Sarah (Hutchings) McCart. To them five children were born: Min

nie, Emory F., Fleitcher M., Evy, and Mary D. She was an exemplary member of

the Methodist church, and died in 1881. Two years afterward he contracted a

marriage with Miss Sarah Thacker. He is a master Mason, and himself and wife

are prominent members of the Presbyterian church.

A LBERT L. JACKSON, farmer, Hayston, Newton Co., Ga., son of John F. and Mary E. (Lazenby) Jackson, was born in Newton county in 1846. His
grandparents on his father's side were Cornelius and Elizabeth (Green) Jackson. He was born in Virginia, came to Georgia about 1800 and located land under a land warrant. He was a soldier in the last war with Great Britain, and wan raised

NEWTON COUNTY SKETCHES.

647

on a farm. He enlisted in 1863 in Company C, Capt Henry Park, Sixty-sixth Georgia regiment, Col. Nesbit On Aug. 7," 1864, he was captured and sent to Camp Chase, Ohio, where he died. His grandmother on his mother's side was Nancy (Pharr) Lazenby, an old settler. Mr. Jackson was reared on the farm and received a limited education at the oft-described old-time log school-house so pleasurably remembered by thousands. In 1864 he enlisted in Company C, Sixty-sixth Georgia regiment. Among the battles in which he with his command participated were: Resaca, and others in front of Gen. Sherman on his march to Atlanta. He was captured at Decatur and sent to Camp Douglas, 111., where he was held a prisoner eight months. After the war he came back to Newton county and began farming, which he has pursued ever since with satisfactory profitable results. He is one of the best farmers in Newton county, as well as one of its most substantial citizens. Mr. Jackson was married in 1869 to Miss Jane, daughter of Timothy and Sarah (Ivy) Greenade, formerly of Warren county, Ga., by whom he has had five children: Gary W.; Homer V.; Anna Lamar; Walter C.; and Marcus Earl. He has given his children a good education, two of whom are teachers. Homer V. is now a student at Mercer university, Macon, Ga., having previously attended the North Georgia Agricultural college at Dahlonega, Ga., where he won the gold medal prize. Mr. Jackson is a master Mason, and himself and wife are members of the Missionary Baptist church.
J G. LESTER, banker, Covington, Newton Co., Ga., son of Richard P. and Mary Jane (Waddell) Lester, was born in Forsyth county, Ga., in 1857. His
great-grandfather on his father's side was German Lester, who was a soldier in the patriot army--a member of the historic "Maryland line"--during the revolu tionary war. His grandparents were Richard H. and Mary M. (Simms) Lester. He was a native of Maryland, whence he migrated to Georgia in 1818. He was attorney for the Cherokee Indians in north Georgia, which was the cause of his death, as he was killed during an incursion by the Creek Indians. He was a leading attorney and very popular. Mr. Lester's father was born in Gwinnett county, Ga., in 1832, and received his primary education at the old-time "old-field" school, finishing it at an academy. He afterward entered the office of his brother --the late Hon. George N. Lester, who died in 1892 while attorney-general of Georgia--to read law. Mr. Lester's mother was the daughter of Isaac W. and Sarah (Daniel) Waddell, a granddaughter of Rev. Moses Waddell, one of the most eminent divines of the Presbyterian church, and president of the university of Georgia (then Franklin college) from 1819 to 1829. Sarah Daniel was the daughter of James K. Daniel, of Greene county, Ga. Mr. Lester had the benefit of a good education, which was completed at the university of Georgia. At the age of seventeen he began teaching school, and taught three years, in the mean time reading law under his uncle. George N. Lester, and after being admitted to the bar located at Covington. He practiced for several years, and although he met with satisfactory success he abandoned it to go into the banking business. He is one of the incorporators of the Clark Banking company, a member of the board of directors, and the cashier of the bank. He is one of the foremost of the live young business men of Covington, and in integrity of character, intel lectual endowment, advanced thought and progressiveness worthily represents his distinguished lineage. He has been the secretary and treasurer of the Cov ington & Oxford Street Railway company since 1888, and no citizen is more highly esteemed, or has more implicitly the confidence of his fellow citizens than lie. Mr. Lester was married in 1882 to Miss Hennier--born and raised in Newton county--daughter of Thomas M. and Hennie (Andrew) Meriwether. by whom he has had three children: Paul W., Anna Mary, and Eugene. He is a member

648

MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

of the Knights of Danion, and tfie I. O. O. F. He is also a master Mason, and a past master of the local masonic lodge; and is now a member of the auditing committee of the grand lodge of Georgia. Himself and wife are active and prominent members of the Methodist church.

D M. MTXTOSH, professor of music, Emory college, Oxford, Newton Co.,

Ga., son of Hector and Nancy (Wiggs) Mclntosh, was born in Tennessee in

1836. His paternal grandparents, John and Barbara (McKenzie) Mclntosh,

\vere natives of Scotland who emigrated to the United States the latter part of

the last century and settled in North Carolina. He was a farmer and did not

long survive his arrival at his new home. Prof. Mclntosh's father was born in

;

Scotland and was quite young when his parents came to the United States. He

grew to manhood in Xorth Carolina, where, considering the period, he received

an unusually good country school education. He served in the Creek Indian

war under Gen. Jackson, who, when president, appointed him Indian agent

!

for the Choctaw and Chickasaw Indians. He held the office six years and devoted

:

his entire time to its duties. His principal office was in Tennessee, near which

j

he bought a farm; but he had temporary headquarters at other points, one of

;

which was at what is still known as "Mclntosh's bluff" on the Tombigbee river,

j

in Washington count}-, Ala. Prof. Mclntosh grew to manhood on the farm,

'

and after receiving a good preparatory education entered the college at Jackson,

'

Tenn., in 1852. When half advanced in 1854 he left college and engaged in teach-



ing, following it many years. He spent about two years during this time reading

!

law. In 1855 ne was adjunct professor of English and mathematics in Triana

1

High school, Madison count}-, Ala. The following year he went to Virginia,

j

and adopted music teaching as a profession. He enlisted at Richmond May 7,

1861, in Company H, Eighteenth Virginia regiment, and was soon at the front.

For conspicuous gallantry he was soon made second lieutenant, and not long after-

t

ward was promoted to the first lieutenancy. He was transferred from this com-

i

pany to Company C, Twenty-fifth Virginia battalion, of which he was commis-

i

sioned captain, and held the"rank until the surrender. With his command he was

a participant in many of the hardest fought battles of the war, maintaining his

i

reputation for courage and military skill. On one occasion he was surprised

I

and taken prisoner. Deciding not to "accept the situation" he determined to

j

get out of it if he could, so one night while under guard he saw a chance--but

1

really a desperate chance--to make his escape. He made the attempt, was so

!

fortunate as to succeed, and soon afterward reported at headquarters. Capt

Mclntosh relates the following incident connected with his army life: In his

company was a private named Joel Fore--nicknamed "Beauregard." On one

i rcasion he came to the captain's headquarters and asked for a pair of shoes.

In a jocular way--just for fun--he told him to "go to Jeff Davis for shoes." Sure

enough, Joel went the next day, and being ushered into the presence of the

Confederate president, said to him: "Capt. Mclntosh told me to come to you

for a pair of shoes." Mr. Davis sent his valet for some extra pairs of shoes he

had. and when they were brought in told "Beauregard" to pick out the pair

he wanted. He did so and went his way rejoicing. The captain was dumbfounded

when on meeting the soldier a day or two afterward with the shoes on the latter

told him how he got them. In 1868 Prof. Mclntosh returned to Tennessee, and

was for several years professor of vocal music and musical composition in Van-

derbilt university. In 1876 he accepted the chair of music in Emory college--

teaching vocal music and musical composition--which he has fillled for nineteen

years acceptably to the college and its patrons, and with distinction to himself.

NEWTON COUNTY SKETCHES.

649

During this time he has probably been the most numerous and voluminous com poser, compiler and publisher of musical books--especially of those adapted to Sunday-schools--of any person in the Union. His musical compositions have attained remarkable popularity and are in use throughout the United States-- probably wherever there is a Methodist church or mission. He has edited no less than twenty musical publications, the sales of two of which have exceeded a million each--a success attained by ho other composer--and their circulation now is larger than those of any other. In 1882, 1886 and 1890 he was a lay delegate from the north Georgia conference to the general conference of the Methodist Episcopal church south. The value of his services to the church, especially to Sunday-schools, in preparing music for vise in them, cannot be over
estimated ; and it is no marvel that he is held, in social circles and wherever his publications have been used, in the very highest esteem. For many years he has held the office of town recorder. Prof. Mclntosh was married Feb. 23, 1860, to Miss Sarah C.--born in Charlotte county, Va.--daughter of Marcus I. and Phoebe (Martin) McGlesson. He was a native of Virginia, well known, quite wealthy and very influential; but the war ruined him financially. He moved to Texas, where he died. Prof, and Mrs. Mclntosh have been blessed with two daughters: Lulu, wife of E. P. Burns; and Nannie S., wife of Rev. H. W. Joiner. He is a member of the Phi Delta Theta fraternity, also of the masonic fraternity; and himself and wife are working and very influential members of the Methodist church.

D EV. JOHN S. MOORE, professor, Emory college, Oxford, Newton Co., Ga., son of Robert and Elizabeth (Simmons) Moore, was born in Mecklenburg
county, Va., Dec. 3,1829. His parents on both sides belonged to the best families of Virginia. His father, son of Warner Moore, was always a farmer, in easy cir cumstances. Prof. Moore, after receiving a good primary education, entered
Randolph-Macon college, from which he was graduated with the degree of A. B. He next attended the university of Virginia, graduating in 1854 with the degree of Master of Arts. He then accepted a position at Randolph-Macon college as professor of natural philosophy, where he remained until January, 1856, when he was received into the Alabama conference as an itinerant preacher, and for many years performed valuable ministerial work. He was also a professor in the Centenary institute, Alabama, six years. In 1871 he was elected professor of mathematics of the Southern university, Greensboro, Ala., where the degree of doctor of divinity was conferred on him in 1879. He remained at this institu tion until 1883, when he was elected professor of Latin in Emory college, Oxford,
Ga., where he has been doing faithful and valuable work ever since. He is a member of the North Georgia conference of the M. E. church, south, and in addi tion to his confining and arduous college duties he preaches every Sunday -in the
year at churches in and around Oxford. Early in life he consecrated himself to the work of the Master, and it has been his effort always faithfully to perform his vow. Preaching and teaching have been the work of his life, with the rich fntits of which Alabama and Georgia abound. Prof. Moore was married in 1859 to Miss Mary S., daughter of John L. and Susan (Buxton) Porter, natives of Virginia, whose families were among the first as to time and social rank. When he was married his bride's father was acting as naval constructor at Pensacola, Fla. When Virginia seceded Mr. Porter resigned and cast his lot with the Con federacy. By the Confederate government he was appointed chief of naval
construction, and continued in the service as such until the surrender. Under his supervision the famous ram "Merrimac," which played such havoc with the Federal warships, was built. Prof, and Mrs. Moore have been blessed with three

550

MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

sons and three daughters. The sons, John W., Robert and George P., are all suc cessfully engaged in business in Birmingham, Ala. Of the daughters, M. Alice
has been a missionary in Brazil, South America, since 1892, under the auspices of the Woman's Missionary society of the Methodist church, south, and she is now engaged in teaching music and art in the missionary college in Piracicaba; Mattie B. is the wife of Rev. R. F. Eakes, of the North Georgia conference, who is
now stationed at Thomson, Ga., and Margaret S., is at home, the principal of Palmer institute, a children's primary school, Oxford. Prof. Moore is a member of the masonic fraternity.

S. NEEL, a leading citizen of Newton county, is a native of Georgia, born in

1841, and was the son of Thomas and Nancy (Veasey) Neel. The father

j

is a native of South Carolina, having been born in 1795; was a son of Thomas



Neel, and served in the war of 1812. In 1826 he came to Richmond county, Ga.,

I

and a few years later moved to Hancock count}'. He was married to Jane Rabun,



a native of North Carolina, who came here an infant in arms with her parents

!

about 1800. Mr. Neel began life as a poor boy, but possessing pluck, energy and

j

perseverance, he succeeded in amassing a fortune before his death. He was a

i

justice of the peace, high in the order of Masons, and with his wife belonged to the

j

Baptist church. Mr. \V. S. Neel was reared in Hancock county, Ga., where his

[

father lived, received special educational instruction under Prof. Beman of state

|

fame and was graduated at Mercer college in 1860. In 1861 he enlisted in Com-

]

pany K, Fifteenth Georgia regiment volunteers, under Capt. Linton Stevens and

Col. Thomas W. Thomas. He served throughout the war and saw active service

from the first, being in several hard-fought battles. He was captured and held a

prisoner during the last year of the war. When hostilities ceased he returned

i

home and took care of his widowed mother. He then began teaching school, and

j

in this profession achieved a high reputation, a peculiar mode adopted by him

!

proving very successful. In December, 1866, he married Miss Bettie Pelham. a

!

native of Alabama, and daughter of Atkinson and Martha (McGehee) Pelham.

|

natives of Kentucky. Mr-. Pelham was a leading physician in his state, and was

j

the son of Charles and Isabell-(Atkinson) Pelham, the father being a major in the

revolutionary war. To Mr. and Mrs. Neel were born six children, five of whom

are living: Thomas, Mattie, William, Robert and Rabun. Mr. Neel and wife arc

members of the Baptist church.

{"OLIVER S. PORTER. Sometimes some of the most progressive and useful citizens of a community are found among those who, never self-seeking, recoil
from notoriety; they not only do not sound their own praises or merits, but would if they could prevent others from doing so. Of this class is the estimable subject of this sketch. Oliver S. Porter, manufacturer, Covington, Newton Co., Ga., son of James and Athline (Cox) Porter, was born in Greene county, Ga., in 1836. His paternal grandparents were Oliver and Margaret (Watson) Porter. His grandfather was a soldier in the patriot army during the revolutionary war, and was present at the surrender of Cornwallis at Yorktown. Immediately after the war he came to Georgia and settled in Wilkes (now Greene) county. Mr. Porter's father was born in Greene county in 1808, and followed farming all his life. He was a volunteer soldier in the Creek war of 1836, and was adjutant of his regiment. His mother was a daughter of John and Elizabeth (Hyde) Cox. whose families were among the early settlers of Greene county. Mr. Porter was reared on the farm in Greene county, and "graduated" from the "old-field" school of his boyhood period, taught in a log house, his first teacher being John Malonc.

NEWTON COUNTY SKETCHES.

6U

lie afterward taught school himself three years in Covington. In 1861 he en listed in the Panola guards, Capt. G. B. Knight, which became a part of Cobb's
legion, and he was made adjutant of his regiment. The following are some of the battles in which he bore an honorable part: Malvern Hill, Boonesboro Gap, Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, Salem Church, Gettysburg, Spottsylvania
Courthouse, Knoxville (where he was wounded), South Mountain, Chickamauga
and Cold Harbor, and was captured at Front Royal, Ya. He was detained a prisoner ten months and released June 18, 1865. Since the war he has been engaged principally in cotton manufacturing. In 1871, in company with D. \V. Spence, he bought the place now known as the Porterdale mills, and in 1877 ne bought his partner's interest and organized a company which now owns and operates the mills, which are situated on a fine power, advantageously located,
and contain about 5,000 spindles, and the output averages about 4,500 pounds of manufactured goods per day. They make fish lines, seine twine, cable cord, and all kinds of small rope. He is a well-informed, broad-minded man, very progress
ive, and yet very conservative. He is a developer, one of the solidest and most useful of Newton county's citizens, and none is held in higher esteem. Mr. Porter was married in 1869 to Mrs. Julia (nee McCracken) Camp, daughter of
William and Olivia (Hayden) McCracken, and to them four children have been born: John, James, William and Mary, who died in 1891 in her fifteenth year. He is a member of the masonic fraternity, and his wife is an exemplary member of the Methodist church.

CILAS H. STARR, Jr., merchant, Starrsville, Xewton Co., Ga., son of Silas H. and Ann J. (Dabney) Starr, was born Aug. 25, 1838, and reared in Xewton
county, and received a collegiate education, graduating from Emory college, Oxford, Ga., in the class of 1859. In 1861 he enlisted in Company H, Capt. A. A. Lee, Third Georgia regiment, Col. A. R. Wright. He was in the army through out the war, saw much arduous service, and was in numerous skirmishes as well as some of the most important and bloodiest of the battles, among them Chicamaco, South Mills (where he was made second lieutenant), seven days' fight around Richmond, Malvern Hill, Second Manassas, Sharpsburg (where he had command of the company), Chancellorsville (capturing a whole regiment), Gettys burg, Wilderness, etc., and in October, 1863, was promoted to first lieutenant of artillery and assigned to duty as ordnance officer in Wright's old brigade. He was present in every skirmish and engagement in which his regiment bore a part, and responded to his name at every roll call during the war. He was in the hospital but once and then for only three days. He was acting division ordnance officer of Anderson's division at the time Gen. Mahone was in command, and for his efficiency was promoted to the rank of captain in 1864. After the surrender he returned home and commenced farming. Later he went to Texas, where he remained five years, and then returned to Newton county and taught school for four years. In 1879 he engaged in a general merchandise business, in which he has continued, established a large trade and been very prosperous. He is a prominent and useful citizen, and is much esteemed. Mr. Starr was married in 1868 to Miss Fannie A. Tarver, by whom he has had two children, one of whom only--Alice K., wife of W. T. Corley--is living. Mrs. Starr died Sept. 27,1873, and Jan. 8,1880, he married Miss Fannie M. Butner, of Powder Springs, Ga.. who bore him four children, only one of whom, Rena Maude, is living. This wife died in June, 1887, and April 4, 1888, he married Miss Nannie Childs. Mr. Starr is a master Mason, and himself and wife are members of the Primitive
Baptist church.

6j2

MEMOIRS OP GEORGIA.

T A. STARR, merchant, Starrsville, Newton Co., Ga., son of Silas H. and Ann

" J. (Dabney) Stair, was born in Newton county, Ga., Dec. 19, 1840. His

paternal grandparents were Silas and Mrs. Elizabeth Pinkston (nee Lawson)

Starr, natives respectively of Maryland and Virginia. They came to Georgia in

1805 and settled in Wilkes county, making the journey in ox-carts held together

with wooden pins and hickory withes, on- block wheels. In 1821 they moved

to Newton county, and when nearing their new home, there being no roads, they

had to cut a roadway through the woods, then settled in the woods near where

Starrsville now stands, and cleared a farm. He lived to be quite old. Mr. Stair's

father was born in Wilkes county and came with the family to Newton county,

in which he attained great prominence and became a leading citizen. He was a

stanch and enthusiastic temperance man and a royal arch Mason. His mother

was a daughter of a Mr. Tyra G. Dabney, who came from the state of Vir

ginia about 1800. He was one of the first settlers in Newton county, and

cleared the land on which Starrsville stands. Mr. Starr was reared on the farm

and had the benefit of a collegiate education, graduating at Emory college, class

of 1862, and when a young man taught school a short time himself. In March,

1862, he enlisted in Company F, Capt. James Summers, Forty-second Georgia

regiment, CoL R. J. Henderson. Among others he was in the following battles:

Tazewell, Cumberland Gap, Chickasaw Bayou, Baker's Creek, Vicksburg (where

i

he was captured, but soon afterward exchanged), Missionary Ridge, Rocky Face,

^

Resaca, New Hope, Pumpkin Vine, Kennesaw Mountain, Atlanta (fighting July

i

. 20, 22, 28), Jonesboro, Franklin, Nashville, Edisto river, Orangeburg and Kins-

ton, where he was wounded and sent to the hospital Before he was able to return

to his command the war was over. He entered the service as a private, but was

soon made second lieutenant, later first lieutenant Returning from the war he

i

engaged in farming, but after a while he went to Texas, where he remained three

'

months, and then came back to Starrsville and commenced a general merchandis

ing business on a capital of $425. He has been phenomenally successful. By

giving his undivided attention to his business, keeping abreast of the times as to

I

supply and demand, and liberal and honest dealing, he has built up a large and

j

very profitable business, his trade coming from miles around. He is one of the

|

solid and progressive men of the county, and stands high as a business man, a

citizen and as a gentleman. Starrsville was re-established as a post-office in 1889,

and he has been the postmaster during its existence, but for many years previously

it had been a sort of distributing point for the surrounding country.

'

T C. SWANN, merchant, Covington, Newton Co., Ga., son of Thomas D. and

!

* Olive (Huson) Swann, was born in Newton county in 1849. His father,

'

son of Thomas Swann, was born in North Carolina, whence he came to Georgia

about 1828 and settled in Henry county. After a year's residence there he moved

to Newton county and permanently settled, and for many years served as a justice

of the peace. In 1863 he enlisted in the state troops, and after serving three

months enlisted in Company B (of which he was made first lieutenant), Capt.

Aaron K. Richardson, Fourth Georgia militia, serving with marked gallantry.

His mother was born in South Carolina, daughter of Stephen and Mary (Reagan)

Huson, who early in Jife migrated from that state to Georgia. Mr. Swann was

raised on the farm and had the advantage of a good common school education,

his first teacher being Rev. John W. Baker. In 1869 he went to Texas, where he

taught school one year and then returned to Georgia. In 1872 he commenced

merchandising in Conyers, Rockdale Co., Ga., where he remained seven years,

and then removed to Covington, which has since' been his home, and where he

NEWTON COUNTY SKETCHES.

653

has established the largest business in the city. Enterprising and public-spirited, lie takes an active part in every movement promising to advance the interests of
the city and county. He is a director of the street railway company, was on the board of county commissioners six years and chairman of the board four years, and has been a member of the city council almost ever since he came to Coving-
ton. Mr. Swann was married in 1873 to Miss Elizabeth, born and reared at Oxford, Miss., where her father located when she was an infant She is a daughter of Robert and Nancy (McCollum) Stowers, natives of De Kalb county. Two of the children born to Mr. and Mrs. Swann, Olive and Thomas, are living. Mrs. Swann is a devoted member of the Methodist church.

D H. THOMPSON, merchant, Covington, Newton Co., Ga., son of Robert and * Anna (Underwood) Thompson, was born in Newton county in 1834. His
paternal grandparents were John and Jane Thompson. He was of Scotch-Irish descent, and born in Virginia, and when a young man migrated to North Caro lina. He was a farmer and a soldier in the patriot army during the revolutionary war. In the early years o! this century he came from North Carolina to Georgia and settled in the woods on land now included in Newton county, and cleared a small farm. He made the journey with an ox-cart, held together with wooden pins and hickory withes, on block wheels. Although a farmer, he did job wood work and repairing for the settlement He died in 1824. Mr. Thompson's father was born in North Carolina, and was about seven years old when his parents came to Georgia. Farming was his life pursuit, and his success was equal to that of his brother farmers--Newton being a backwoods county until about 1845. He was a justice of the peace many years, a master Mason, and an earnest, devoted member of the Methodist church. His mother was the daughter of Lemuel and Anna Underwood, whose families were among the pioneer settlers of the county. Mr. Thompson was reared on the farm and received only the meager education obtainable at that time at the "old field" schools. In 1862 he enlisted in Company B, Capt T. W. Simms, Fifty-third Georgia regiment He was in many very important battles, among them those of Seven Pines, seven days' fight around Richmond, Wilderness, etc. He continued in the service until the sur render and then walked home. Besides farming he was engaged somewhat ex tensively in the manufacture of buggies and wagons for sixteen years, and of late years carried on the undertaking business and dealt in furniture. Possessing good business qualifications and the confidence of the people, he has prospered and is looked upon as one of the leading citizens of Newton county. Mr. Thomp son was married in 1851 to Miss Octavia, born and reared in Covington, daughter
of Pressly and Eleanor (Whitten) Jones. He was killed during the war in Covington, though not in the army. A troop of Federal cavalry on a small raid entered Covington, and he, being one of the few who attempted to repel the in vasion, was killed. Of seven children born to Mr. and Mrs. Thompson, six survive: Horace, William, Heard, Algie, Eva and Ida. He is a master Mason, and himself and wife are active and useful members of the Methodist church.

PLEASANT WILLSON, physician and surgeon, Newborn, Newton Co., Ga., son of Leroy M. and Tabitha (Shaw) Willson, was born in Shady Dale, Jasper
Co., Ga., Sept 5, 1838. His paternal grandfather, John Willson, was an early
settler in Jasper county and for many years was clerk of the superior court. Dr. Willson's father was born in Jasper county and was well-educated. At the age of eighteen he commenced teaching school, and taught eighteen years, and was
justice of the peace many years. Subsequently he moved to Morgan county, Ga.,

654

MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

of which he was treasurer for about twenty years. He was a master Mason and

a member of the Missionary Baptist church. His mother was a daughter of

a Mr. Gilbert Shaw. He was a native of the state of Virginia, and was

a soldier in the patriot army during the revolutionary war, being wounded while

in the service. After the war he migrated to South Carolina, and subsequently

moved to Georgia. Dr. Willson received his primary education at the old-time

log schoolhouse. In 1858 he commenced the study of medicine under the pre-

ceptorship of Drs. Knight and Crawford, after which he attended lectures at the

Atlanta Medical college, from which he was graduated in 1861. That same year

he enlisted as a private in the Panola guards, which afterward became Company

G, Cobb's legion, and went to the front His first service was in the Peninsula,

and being taken sick, he was placed in the room at Yorktown in which Wash

ington and Cormvallis arranged the terms of capitulation at the close of the war

for independence. As soon as he was able he came home, where he remained

until 1862, when he reported for duty. He was made assistant surgeon and

assigned to duty in the gangrene ward, where he was so efficient and so suc

cessful in the treatment of his patients as to be the subject of very complimentary

}

notices in the local papers. Returning from the war he located in Morgan county,

j

where he successfully and profitably practiced until about ten years ago, when he

ii

came to Newborn, where he has established a large and very remunerative prac-

'

tice and a local reputation forskill and ability equal to that of any practitioner

^

in the state. He is also engaged in farming, in which he is a progressionist and

!

exhibits the same good judgment that he does in the practice of his profession.

{;

Dr. Willson was married in 1873 to Miss Lou, born in Morgan county, daughter

i

' of John F. and Margaret (Matthews) Johnson. He was a soldier in the Florida

I;

(or Seminole) war, for which he is now drawing a pension, and as one of "Joe

I

Brown's pets" served in the late unpleasantness, and as a participant in the



defense of Atlanta was in the battle of July 22, 1864. Five children blessed this

i

marriage, of whom three survive: Maggie, John T. and Pleasant, Jr. A devoted

j

member of the Missionary Baptist church, the mother of these children died early

i

in 1883. Toward the close of the same year he married Miss Mollie, daughter

I

of J. M. and Martha (Webb) Robinson. She died a consistent and pious member

i'

of the Methodist church in 1884. Subsequently he married Miss Elizabeth,

!'

daughter of Josiah and Laura (Heard) Perry, old settlers of Newton county, by

j

whom he has had two children: Laura and Watson Hines. The doctor is a

master Mason and Mrs. Willson is a member of the Primitive Baptist church.

;

WILLIAM J. WRIGHT, farmer, Starrsville, Newton Co.. Ga., son of William

'

and Susannah (Herring) Wright, was born in Morgan county, Ga., in 1822.

!

His family on both sides were among the worthy hardy pioneers who settled this

part of the state. His paternal grandfather, William Wright, was a native of Vir

ginia, who migrated to Georgia and settled in Baldwin (now Morgan) county,

about 1805. He was a soldier in the patriot army during the revolutionary war.

'.

Mr. WrighVs father was born in Virginia, and came to Georgia about 1805, and

settled in Clarke county. His mother's parents were of old Virginia families, who

moved to Georgia about 1805, and settled in what is now Morgan county. His

mother made the trip on horseback, riding behind her father, and at one point, the

I

horse swam a wide, deep stream with both of them on his back. Mr. Wright was

,

raised on the farm, and what education he received was obtained at the historic dirt-

floor log school-house, with puncheon seats, stick-and-mud chimney, and square

holes in the sides for windows. Farming has been his life occupation, and he has

i

taken only such interest in public affairs as any good citizen should. During the

OCONEE COUNTY SKETCHES.

655

unpleasantness he served with what is known as "Joe Brown's pets." He was, however, a justice of the peace at the time, in which capacity he served his fellowcitizens fourteen years--and carries his old commission in his pocket Satisfied with the enjoyments of home, he stays there, is a good and prosperous farmer and model citizen. Mr. Wright was married in 1851 to Miss Amanda--born in New ton county--daughter of Henry and Elizabeth (Trammell) Shawlcomb, of old
well-known Georgia families. Twelve children were the fruit of this union, of whom six survive: Legrand S., Henry, Ida, Edward H., William J., and Gordon. Mr. Wright and his wife are exemplary members of the Methodist church.

OCONEE COUNTY.
JOHN W. JOHNSON, one of Oconee county's leading citizens, was born in Watkinsville in 1837, and is the son of John Calvin and Elizabeth (Martin)
Johnson. His father was born in North Carolina, near Greensborough, in 1808. He was educated in the public schools, but acquired much information and learn ing by reading, and was conversant with all subjects of general interest, and a most entertaining conversationalist. He came to Georgia in 1824 and settled in that part of Clarke county now Oconee. He was then only sixteen years old, and had come to the state with a strange family. He was given employment as deputy clerk of the county, a position which he held until he was of age, when he was elected clerk, and continuously elected during the long period of forty years--until he declined re-election. In 1872 he was made treasurer and secretary of the North eastern railroad, and served about four years, when he was made librarian of the university of Georgia, a position he held until his death, which occurred when he was 79 years of age. He was a member of the Methodist church and a Mason-- was W. M. of his lodge for years. He was a son of James Johnson, who was born in Ireland, and came to America in the early days of this century. The mother of Mr. John W. Johnson was the daughter of Jasper and Martha (Manley) Morton, both of whom were natives of Georgia. Mr. Johnson was given a good education, attending Henry and Emory college, of Virginia, in 1855. In August, 1861, he enlisted in Company C, known as the Echo company, Fifth Texas regi ment, Hood's old brigade, and served through the entire war in this regiment. He was in all its engagements, except the second battle of Manassas, he then being home on a furlough, suffering from wounds received at Sharpsburg. He rejoined his command, under Gen. Longstreet, at Richmond, and was at Appomattox, In 1865 he married Martha M. Ellis, daughter of John Ellis, and they have six living children, viz.: John C., Mary E., Albert S., James W., Leonard T., and Maggie E. The mother was bom in Oglethorpe county in 1849. Himself and wife are members of the M. E. church, and Mr. Johnson is a Mason, having become a member just after the war. He served as tax collector of Clarke and Oconee counties for twenty-eight years, and was elected clerk of the superior court till the county was divided, and Oconee county organized. He was in the mercantile business for years, and is now interested in farming. The Johnson family is one of the leading families in this section of the state, and Mr. Johnson is probably the most popular man in the county.

656

MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

g E. THRASHER, ordinary of Oconee county, Watkinsville, Oconee Co., Ga.,

" was born on Feb. 22, 1850, is of Welsh descent, and from a family long and

prominently known in (then Qarke) Oconee county. The founder of this branch

of the Thrasher family was Thomas Thrasher, who, with his wife Mary, came from

Wales to America long before the revolutionary war. He had a son, John, who

was a soldier in the army of the patriots, and who came to Georgia, and settled in

what is now Oconee county. He was a distinguished-appearing man, and one of

a firm will, as was exemplified in a story his descendants tell of him: When, on

one occasion, he became angry at whisky drinking, he took a vow not to touch

liquor for fifty years, and fulfilled his oath. He married Susan Barton, and to them

was born, in 1793, Isaac Thrasher. When three years old he was taken to what

is now Oconee, where he grew to manhood. He married Elizabeth Hester, and to

them was born Barton C. Thrasher, father of the subject of this sketch. Barton

C. Thrasher was a man renowned for his piety and Christian teachings, and was

a liberal contributor to the cause of religion and humanity. He was opposed

to secession when it was first talked of, but when Georgia seceded, he stood by

his native state and offered to enlist, but the people knew he could better serve his

country at home, and there for three years did this noble man prove the mainstay

of scores of soldiers' families. His meat house and his granary, his pocket-book,

and his every possession, was as free to the suffering and distressed, as to his own

.

family. After the war, when soldiers were returning to find their homes desolate,

j:

with broken health and shattered courage, it was Barton C. Thrasher who fed and

clothed them, and started them on in life with words of cheer. He married a

woman--good like himself--Mary Elder, a daughter of Edmond and Nancy

(Tigner) Elder. Edmond Elder was a son of David and Nancy (Reed) Elder, and

Nancy Reed was a blood relative of George Washington. Nancy Tigner's father

\

was Philip Tigner, who was a soldier in the revolutionary army, and owned the

first corn mill in this part of the state. He built a church, which bore his name, the

. materials all being contributed by him, even to the nails which he made in the

blacksmith shop. The family on both sides were pioneers of Georgia. Pope

Tigner, son of Philip, was one of the first graduates from the university of Georgia.

The wife of Philip Tigner was a Miss Hall, a near relative of John Hall, one of the

signers of the declaration of independence. Mr. B. E. Thrasher was given a good

education, and taught school for two years. He then entered the university of

Georgia and was graduated from the law department in 1876. He has practiced

his profession since, and in 1885 was elected ordinary of Oconee county. After

the war the Thrashers were left almost ruined in fortune, and Mr. Thrasher found it

necessary to seek hard labor to earn enough money to go through college. He

persevered, however, and his present honorable position is the result of his personal

efforts to help himself. In 1872 he married Sarah T., daughter of J. B. and Ann

W. (Moore) Hathaway. They have five children living: John B., Anna, B. E.,

Jr., Roy, and Grady. The mother was born and reared in Oconee county, and is a

granddaughter of Susan Benning, who was a sister of Gen. Benning. Mr. Thrasher

and wife are members of the Methodist church, and he is a Mason of many, years'

standing. He has some fanning interests, but gives his time to his office, the

duties of which he discharges satisfactorily to his constituency.

OGLETHORPE COUNTY SKETCHES.

657

OGLETHORPE COUNTY.
JOSEPH M'WHORTON, one of the largest farmers of Oglethorpe county, was born in this, county in 1832 and is the son of James H. and Eliza (Penn)
McWhortqn. The father was born in the same county in 1816 and was one of the 'most eminent men of the county in his day. He was justice of the peace for many years, served as judge of the inferior court, and was then elected to represent the county in the legislature, serving about fifteen years in that capacity. He was an extensive farmer and a prominent Mason, and a member of the Baptist church. ' He was a son of Hugh and Helen (Ligeon) McWhorton. Hugh MeWhorton was a native of Ireland, and came to America, settling in Virginia. In 1796 he moved, to Georgia, dying shortly after his arrival. The mother of Joseph McWhorton was the daughter of John Penn. Joseph McWhorton had few chances for obtaining an education in his boyhood days, but he was an untir ing reader and by the time he had reached manhood his mind was stored with useful information, which helped him in the successful life that followed. In 1854 he married Emily Key, daughter of an old planter of the county. By this union six children were born, five of whom are living: Lauren, Hamilton, Dr. Thomas, Mary E., and Joseph. Mrs. McWhorton, an excellent Christian woman, died in 1887, and in 1890 Mr. McWhorton married Mary Young, daughter of M. H. Young. She is an active member of the M. E. church. In 1863 Mr. McWhorton raised a company and went out into the Confederate service as its captain. He started first in the cavalry under Gen. Toombs and after one year the company was reorganized into an infantry company. Then Mr. McWhorton was promoted to lieutenant-colonel, previously serving as major, and was in front of Sherman on his march to the sea. After the war he returned to Georgia and began farming and merchandising. He has served for twelve years on the board of county commissioners, and was president of the board much of the time. He has several times represented the county in the legislature, and is one of its leading citizens. Mr. McWhorton lives on a fine estate near Stephens.
I SHAM H. PITTARD, farmer, Winterville, was born in Clark county, Ga., in 1837, and is the son of Humphrey and Sarah (Hart) Pittard. His paternal
grandparents, Samuel and Rebecca (Meridy) Pittard, were natives of Scotland, who came to America and first settled in Virginia, afterward removing to North Carolina, where they died. He was a man of education and taught school about forty years in Virginia and North Carolina. Mr. Pittard's father was born in Virginia in 1780, came to Georgia in 1796, when he started out for himself, his experiences being those of all self-made men. He encountered privations and hardships, but with an indomitable will he pushed on to success and competence. He married Sarah, a daughter of Archibald and Mary (Berry) Hart, her father being a relative of Nancy Hart of revolutionary fame. Isham Pittard was brought up on the farm, and his mother being a widow and his brothers gone to homes of their own, he early felt the responsibilities of domestic cares; and so much was dependent upon him that it was not until after he was twenty-two years old that he found time to school himself. In 1861 he enlisted in Company H, Capt. J. E. Ritch (T. R. R.) Cobb's Legion cavalry. He was first lieutenant and had charge of the company for two years, while the captain was in prison, giving four years of his young manhood to the cause. He was captured and held
n-42

ii I!

658

MEMOIRS OP GEORGIA.

sixteen months, but never was wounded. After the war he returned to Clarke county and remained there until 1869, when he came to Winterville and began a merchandising business. This was continued until about two years ago, when Mr. Pittard retired from business and is looking after his extensive fanning interests. He was married in 1877 to Susan R. Pittard--born and reared in Coweta county, Ga.--daughter of Dtvis Pittard, and they have one living child,
Myrick B. Mr. and Mrs. Pittard are members of the M. E. church, south, and he has been a Mason for nearly a quarter of a century. He has served as justice of the peace, and in 1894 was elected to the legislature from Oglethorpe county, and is now the incumbent. He was nominated without his consent or knowledge --and received 900 out of 1,600 votes. After the war he commenced life as a laborer on a salary of S6 a month; bur he soon found employment in a store as a clerk, and his quick mind and industrious habits won him promotion from the start. He has been successful, and his position in life has been reached without putting anybody down. He is a man of strict integrity, whose word is as good
as his bond.

PAULDING COUNTY.

;

C \V. Y. ALLGOOD. ordinary, Dallas, Paulding Co., Ga., son of William and

Eliza (Christian) Allgood, was born in 1838. His grandfather, William A.

Allgood, was a soldier in the patriot army during the revolutionary war, and

shortly after independence was achieved came to Georgia in an oxcart, and

settled in Elbert count}-. He afterward enlisted as a soldier in the war of 1812,

and fought under Gen' Jackson at the battle of Mobile. He moved to what is

now Walton county in 1814, where he lived until he died. Mr. Allgood's father



was born in 1814, in what is now Walton county, was raised a fanner and

'

remained one all his life. While yet a mere lad he went to Campbell county, Ga.,



whence in 1833 he moved to Paulding county, where he farmed and lived until

his death in 1870. Mr. Allgood's mother, daughter of Obadiah and Joanna

(Barney) Christian, was born in Madison county in 1814, was married in 1837,

and now, eighty-one years old. is still living. Of the nine children born to this

couple there are yet living: James: J. Wesley; Thomas; E. W. Y., the subject

of this sketch; Mrs. Mary Lyle, Florida; and Eliza P. Two sons, William O.

i"

and Charles D., died while in the army. Mr. Allgood obtained the usual limited

!



education allotted to boys at the time he was growing up at the dirt-floor log

jj!

school house, with split log benches, and windowless. He was trained a farmer,

J;

and farming has been the principal employment of his life. In 1862 he enlisted

''.

JR Company D, First Georgia cavalry, and with his command was in the first

'*

and second battles of Murfreesboro, and at Nashville, Tenn., Chickamauga, Ken-

}

nesaw mountain, Pace's ferry near Atlanta, around Atlanta, and other engage-

i-

ments of more or less importance. His command bore a conspicuous part in

1}

the capture of Gen. Stoneman near Clinton, Ga. Mr. Allgood was hit twice with

'

a ball, but not disabled nor seriously hurt. He served as a scout and guide for

!;

Gen. johnston during the battle at New Hope and the defense of Atlanta. July

.'

22. 1864. he was honored with a lieutenant's commission for bravery and merito-

<,

rious service, and remained with Gen. Johnston until his surrender. Immediately

PAULDING COUNTY SKETCHES.

659

after that he returned to his farm and set about the work of domestic reconstruc tion, and his labors have been, followed by very satisfactory results--reunion of the parts has been perfected and the utmost harmony prevails. In 1878 he was made a member of the board of education; and in 1888 he was elected to represent his senatorial district in the general assembly. He served in that body with distinction; among other matters introduced a bill granting a new charter
to Tallapoosa, Haralson Co., and another making a separate school district of Tallapoosa, both of which became laws; and another bill to amend the constitu tion, which was lost. In 1893 he was elected ordinary of the county, the term being four years. Such are his integrity of character, his superior capabilities and popularity, the probabilities are that he will hold it at his own option. Mr. Allgood is a master Mason, and a prominent member of the Methodist church.

WILLIAM J. AUSTIN, farmer, Nebo, Paulding Co., Ga., son of Michael and Edith (Austin) Austin, was born in Paulding county (near his present home)
in 1841. His father was born in South Carolina and when he was quite small his parents came to Georgia--making the journey in an ox-cart--and settling in Campbell county. In 1836 the family moved to Paulding county. He was raised on the farm and received such education as was afforded by the common schools of the county. When he began farming for himself he built his first wagons of wood cut from his land. He was a successful farmer and died in 1883. Mr. Austin's mother was a daughter of Dred and Ganders (Lake) Austin, and was born in Walton county, Ga., in 1822. When a child her parents moved to Cobb county, Ga., where she was reared, and was married about 1825. She is still living, the mother of five children, one only of whom is living. Mr. Austin was raised on the farm and was schooled in the small and uncomfortable log house of that day and of course his education was very limited; but after his marriage he improved it much by studying by a pine-knot light. When fourteen years old he was seriously crippled by the crushing of his right leg--an injury which exempted him from service during the civil war. In 1864 he was taken prisoner
by the Federal army and sent to Chattanooga, then to Nashville, and afterward to Louisville, Ivy. There he with several of his comrades took the oath of allegiance to the United States and were sent to Indiana. That same year he returned south, and on the way was intercepted and detained by Gen. Forrest. Three weeks afterward Gen. Forrest arrived at Florence, Ala., where he joined Gen. Hood, and Mr. Austin and his companions were pressed into the Confed erate service, and placed in Company F, Fortieth Georgia regiment. His com
mand was with Gen. Hood in his Kentucky campaign, and until he reached Franklin, Tenn., when Mr. Austin left the army and walked home. He went to work manfully on his farm, and by hard work and good management his pros perity has quite equaled his most sanguine expectations. Mr. Austin was married
in 1860 to Miss Sallie, daughter of William and Bethsena (Poole) Bingham. To them twelve children have been born: Isaac, William A., Jefferson L., deceased; Charles L., John H., James G., Oliver C., Mrs. Nancy Simmons, Mrs.
Sarah F. Alexander, Larinia L., Metta L., and Ida M. Mr. Austin is an exemplary member of the Methodist church, with which he united in 1860.

UENRY BONE, farmer, Dallas, Paulding Co., Ga., son of Bailey and Nancy (Evans) Bone, was born in Madison county, Ga., in 1834. His grandfather,
George Bone, was a native of Ireland, and migrated to this country about 1770. He was a soldier in the patriot army during the revolutionary war, and after peace
was proclaimed settled in South Carolina, but soon afterward migrated to Georgia

660

MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

and settled in what is now Madison county, where Mr. Bone's father was born in 1800. He was reared on the farm there, received a limited education at the "old field" schools common at the time, and remained in the county until 1835, when he moved to Carroll county to engage in gold-mining, in which he was quite successful Ten years later he moved to Paulding county, where he farmed until his death, 1859. Mr. Bone's mother was a daughter of William and Celia Evans, and born in what is now Madison county in 1802. In 1822 she was married to Mr. Bone, and in 1889 died, aged eighty-seven years, the mother of eight children:
William, John, Henry, Mrs. Celia Abliss, Mrs. Mary Owens, Atlanta, Mrs. Nancy Owens, Mrs. Elizabeth Collins and Mrs. Addie Drake. Mr. Bone was reared a farmer, received a very limited education and worked on his farm until Georgia
seceded. Enlisting in Company K, Sixtieth Georgia regiment, he went to the front, and with it participated in the important battles of Gettysburg, second Manassas, Wilderness and minor engagements. At Staunton, Va., he was pros trated by measles, with which he suffered some time very severely. He was captured at Winchester, Va., but escaped within an hour afterward. He was never wounded, but on one occasion a ball struck his canteen and passing through one side glanced from the other. He was sent home a few days before the sur render, and never returned to the army. Returning to his farm he re-habilitated it, and has enjoyed the prosperity due to hard work and good management He owns and operates a fine, well-stocked farm just outside the corporate limits of Dallas, and is regarded as one of the best farmers in the county. Mr. Bone was married in 1869 to Miss Ella, daughter of Adam and Maria (Martin) Summers, formerly of South Carolina, and of the children born to them six are living: Katie M., Bertie, Mattie, Warner, Clyde and Raymond. Since 1866 Mr. Bone has been a member of the masonic fraternity.

JAMES T. CARTER, JR., farmer, Dallas, Paulding Co., Ga., son of James T. and Lucinda (Harris) Carter, was born in Paulding county in 1849. His
paternal grandfather, Robert Carter, was a native of South Carolina, was a farmer, served as a soldier through the war of 1812, and in 1835 migrated to Georgia, where he lived to the extreme age of 104 years. Mr. Carter's father was born in South Carolina in 1814, and was educated in the common schools of the locality. He came to Georgia by ox-cart conveyance in 1835 and settled in Gwinnett county, where he remained until 1840, when he moved to Cobb (now Paulding) county, where he accumulated a comfortable fortune as a farmer. His mother was born in South Carolina in 1816, and was a daughter of Charles and Jane (Cannon) Harris. Her parents, when she was a girl, moved to Georgia, where she grew to womanhood and was married in 1834. To them were born four children: Joseph A., James T., the subject of this sketch, Mrs. Emeline Bates and Mrs. Elizabeth Adair. She died in 1859, an^ three years later Mr. Carter married Miss Betsey Jones, and hand in hand this worthy old couple are still "keeping step together^' on life's rough roadway. Mr. Carter was reared on the farm and received a common school education. He enlisted Sept 15, 1864, in Company D, First Alabama Federal cavalry, and served on the advance of Gen. Sherman's army as scout and guide, rendering valuable service. After the war
he returned home and began fanning, which he has followed successfully and prosperously since. In 1880 he attended school in Dallas, and afterward taught school six years, at the same time managing his farm profitably. He is progressive and eminently practical in all he does--solid and unostentatious. Mr. Carter was married Dec. 23, 1867, to Miss Martha, daughter of Henry and Ann McGill,
of Cherokee county, Ala., by whom he has Had six children: Mary, Amanda]

PAULDING COUNTY SKETCHES.
Elizabeth, Savannah, Josephine and Ula. Himself and wife are prominent and influential members of the Baptist church.
JASPER L. CLAY, farmer, Nebo, Paulding Co., Ga., son of Thomas and Rosanna (Molroise) Clay, was born in Cobb county, Ga., in 1837. His grand
father, John Clay, was a North Carolinian, was a soldier in the war of 1812, and lived to the extreme age of ninety-three. Mr. Clay's father was born in North Caro lina in 1816, was reared on a farm, came to Georgia in an ox-cart in 1830, and settled in Newton county, living in a tent until a house could be built Subse quently he moved to Campbell county, and thence to Cobb county, where he still lives. His mother was a daughter of Jesse and Elizabeth (Love) Molroise, and was born in what is now Troup county, Ga., in 1818, was married to Mr. Clay in 1836, and is still living. Of the children born to this worthy aged couple eight survive: Jasper L., the subject of this sketch; James N., William P., Jesse T., Henry H., Horace G., Mrs. Melissa Adams and Mrs. Casseldra Barnes. Mr. Clay was reared on a farm, his school advantages being very meager--what edu cation he has was mostly acquired at night and on Sundays. In 1861 he enlisted for a year in Company D, Seventh Georgia regiment. When the term of his enlistment expired he was pressed into the Confederate service for the war, and was made orderly sergeant His command was engaged in the battle at Yorktown, in which he was slightly wounded. He afterward participated in the battles of Seven Pines, Malvern Hill, Wilderness, Rappahannock, Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, Knoxville and Sharpsburg. At this last-named battle he was cap tured and kept a prisoner twenty days. Besides having been engaged in these many hard-fought battles, he was in thirty-eight minor engagements; was wounded twice, but not seriously, and never obtained a furlough. In October, 1864, he left the service to care for his aged parents, who were in destitute cir cumstances. In 1868 he moved to Paulding county, where he bought 100 acres of land on a credit; he has since increased his holding to 745 acres. He farms on scientific principles, has his farm under improved cultivation, and besides general farming has been a very successful fruit-grower. Progressive and publicspirited, he is considered one of the foremost citizens of the county. In 1890 he was elected to represent Paulding county in the general assembly. Mr. Clay was married in July, 1866, to Miss Martha, daughter of Russell and Mary (Hill) Pace, and their union has been blessed with ten children: Mrs. Ella Knox, Mrs. Alice Barber, Warner, Bessie, Henry, Thomas, Rosa, Minnie, Beulah and Margaret Q. Mr. Clay is a Methodist and has been a member of the church twelve years.
I EVI COOPER, farmer, New Hope, Paulding Co., Ga., son of Jesse and Rebecca (Darby) Cooper, was born in Union district, S. G, in 1837. His
paternal grandfather, Stacey Cooper, was a soldier in the war of 1812-14, and died in 1821. Mr. Cooper's father was born in South Carolina in 1800, was reared on a farm and educated in the common schools of the country. About 1822 he was married to Miss Rebecca, daughter of Benjamin and Mary (Rey nolds) Darby, by whom he had eight children: William D., deceased; Levi, the subject of this sketch; Mrs. Rachel Brown, deceased; Mrs. Anna Harris, de ceased; Mrs. Mary Babb, Mrs. Barbara L. Dunn, Delila and Lucy. In 1847 he moved from South Carolina to Cobb (now Paulding) county, Ga., where he died twenty years later. His wife was born in South Carolina in 1800 and died in Paulding county in 1872. Mr. Cooper was reared on a farm, and educated in the common schools of South Carolina and Georgia. When he was ten years

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old he came with his father to Georgia, the family traveling the distance in wagons. In March, 1862, he enlisted in Company D, First Georgia cavalry, and served with it in the Kentucky and east Tennessee campaigns, his command participating in the battles of Somerset and Danville, Ky., Rocky Ridge, both battles of Murfreesboro and numerous minor engagements. Sept 23, 1863, he was sent from Camp Cumberland, Term., to the hospital at Knoxville, and remained on the sick list there until 1865, when he returned to the army as second sergeant and re mained until the close of the war. When he returned home he found his farm a desolate waste and his family scattered. For six weeks he lived on corn bread
and sorghum syrup. He went resolutely to work to restore his home, which, by well-directed efforts and the blessing of a kind Providence, he has succeeded in doing. He struggled hard to make a crop that year, but has never wanted for one since. From 1871 to 1876 he exercised his ingenuity and mechanical talent as wagon-repairer and wagon-maker for neighboring farmers, to their satisfac tion and his profit Mr. Cooper was married in 1855 to Miss Emily, daughter of Joseph and Luanda (Carter) Ragsdale. To them nine children were born, of whom seven are living: A. ]., physician, Brownsville, Ga.; J. J., physician, Dallas,
Ga.; Thomas F., Joseph, Ella J., Alice Miller and Henry L. Mr. Cooper has been a master Mason thirty years, and is a devoted and active member of the Missionary Baptist church.

ELIJAH W. DEAN, physician and surgeon, Hiram, Paulding Co., Ga., son of Elijah and Eliza (Fowler) Dean, was born in Cherokee county, Ga., in 1861.
His grandfather Dean was born in Virginia, and came to Georgia soon after the revolutionary war. His father was born in Gwinnett county, Ga., in 1819, and being left an orphan at the age of ten, was reared by an uncle. In 1830 the family moved to what is now Cherokee county, where he was reared and educated, and spent the greater part of his life. He was bred a farmer, but he supplemented his farming by engaging in the tannery business. He served for many years as a justice of the peace. In 1893 he moved to Paulding county, where he is now living. Being exempt by age he did not enlist in the regular service during the late civil war, but he served several months with the state troops. Dr. Dean's mother was born in South Carolina in 1825, daughter of Thomas and Elizabeth Fowler. When she was twelve years old her parents moved to Cherokee county, where she received a common school education and was married in 1842. To Elijah and Eliza Dean nine children were born: Thompson, killed in battle during the war; John, died in 1863; Elijah W., the subject of this sketch; Susannah, Mrs. Abbott; Jennie, Mrs. Saye; Lavinia, Mrs. Hill; Mary, Mrs. Spears; Hattie, Mrs. Brasselton; Dialphia, Mrs. Benson, all living. Dr. Dean was reared on the farm, educated in the common schools of the county of his birth with a short course at the military school of Dahlonega. He began the study of medicine under Drs. W. H. and W. L. Dean, Woodstock, Ga., and then at tended a course of lectures at the Southern Medical college, Atlanta. He next entered the medical college of Georgia, Augusta, from which he graduated in 1883. He immediately located at Hiram, and entered upon the practice of his profession, and was successful from the start. In 1888 he took a post-graduate course at Atlanta Medical college, thus thoroughly equipping himself for every emergency in his practice. He has built up a good and extensive practice, which is still increasing as a consequence of the enivable reputation he has established. Dr. Dean \vas married in May, 1886, to Miss Carrie, daughter of William and Elizabeth (Denton) Gray, of Paulding county. They have no chil dren. He is a master Mason, and himself and wife are members of the Baptist
church.

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PAVJUDING COUN'TT SKETCHES.

663

QALVIN S. ELLIS, farmer-mechanic, Oval, Paulding Co., Ga., son of Isaac C. and Elizabeth (Smith) Ellis, was born in Cass (now Bartow) county, in 1841.
His grandfather, Calvin Ellis, was a North Carolinian, a soldier in the early Indian wars, and the son of a soldier in the revolutionary army. Mr. Ellis' father was born in North Carolina in 1812, raised on a farm and educated in the common schools of North Carolina and Georgia. His parents migrated from Xorth Carolina to Georgia when he was lad, and settled in Cass (now Bartow) county, and soon afterward apprenticed him to a blacksmith to learn the trade. Some time after this lie went to Carroll county, but in 1845, moved to
Marion county, Ala., where he lived until he died, Feb. 5, 1892. His mother, daughter of Simeon and Eleanor Smith, was born in Xorth Carolina in 1814, and came to Georgia when a child, with her parents, who settled in Gwinnett county, and afterward moved to Cass county, where, in 1832, she married Mr. Ellis. She died in 1855. ^r- Ellis was raised on the farm, and educated in the "old-field" school, common to that locality and period. In 1861 he enlisted for twelve
months in Company C, Seventh Georgia regiment, and the next year re-enlisted in Company I, Nineteenth Georgia regiment, with which he was in the seven-days' fight around Richmond, and the battles at Games' mills, Cold Harbor and Chancellorsville. May 3, 1863, Mr. Ellis was shot entirely through the body and sent to the hospital at Richmond, from there to Atlanta, and afterward to his home. He so far recovered by February, 1864, as to be able to rejoin his command at Charleston, S. C., which he did, and was with it in the famous charge on Fort Fisher. Soon after this his wound broke out afresh, and he was again sent to the hospital. After remaining there four months, he rejoined his regiment, then in
North Carolina, having had the ball extracted from his back only six days before the surrender of Gen. Johnston. The wound troubles him now at times; and he still has in his possession the ball which came so near ending his life. Returning from the war, his first work was splitting 1,000 rails for a pair of trousers. He next went into a shop and made spinning wheels and chairs, which he sold to pay for making his first crop. The next year he worked on the telegraph line and worked his farm. In 1868 he resumed blacksmithing, in connection with his farming, and has conducted both successfully since. A good fanner and mechanic, industrious and thoroughly practical, his precept and example make him a useful citizen, and one highly esteemed. Mr. Ellis was married April 11, 1869, to Mrs. Lydia (Clinton) Roberts, daughter of John and Elizabeth Clinton--a union unblessed by children; two children of Mrs. Ellis, however, by her first marriage, are
members of the household.

THOMAS J. FOSTER, physician and surgeon, Dallas, Paulding Co., Ga., soii
of Joel and Anna B. (Bomar) Foster, was born in Spartanburg, S. C., in 1833. His grandfather, John Foster, was a soldier in the patriot army during the revo lutionary war. His father was born in 1802, was raised a farmer, and was educated in the common schools of his time and state. He was married in 1822, and in 1835 he moved into Georgia--coming in wagons--and settled in the virgin
forest of Campbell county. There he felled the timber, built a house, opened a farm, and became one of the most successful planters in the county--dying in 1846. His mother was a daughter of William and Barbara (Powell) Bomar, was born in South Carolina in 1807, and received her education in the common school. She married at the age of fifteen, was the mother of eleven children, and lived to be eighty-one years old. Dr. Foster was raised on the farm, and was educated in the common schools of Campbell county, and at the academy of Fairburn, same county. In 1858 he read medicine under Dr. P. M. Tidwcll, Fairburn. and in 1859 entered Atlanta Medical college. So thorough had been his preparation that he

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graduated in September, 1860. He located at Buchanan, Haralson county, and commenced practice under the most promising auspices--to be dispelled by the war. In 1861 Dr. Foster enlisted in Company A, Capt W. J. Head--of which he was made surgeon--Thirty-fifth Georgia regiment, with which he served in the
campaign about Richmond. In 1862 he returned home and raised Company G, Fortieth Georgia regiment, of which he was elected captain. With this command
he served with distinction in some of the most trying campaigns, and was engaged in some of the bloodiest battles of the war--having been with Gen. Bragg, in Tennessee, and with Gen. Kirby Smith, in Kentucky. June 19, 1863, while
defending Yicksburg, he was severely wounded by a minie ball piercing his left side--where it remains to this day. After this he was assigned to provost marshal duty, and sent to the salt works, Mclntosh county, Ga., where he remained until driven away by Gen. Sherman, on his march to the sea. Returning home, he
devoted his attention and labors to the alleviation of the distresses of his impov erished neighbors, in which, it is but just to him to say, he did more than any other person in the immediate section. In 1866 he moved to Paulding county,
where he resumed the practice of his profession, soon establishing a large and profitable patronage, and achieving a distinction which has resulted in the
accumulation of a well-earned and well-merited supply of this world's goods. He visited Nashville, Louisville, and St. Louis, and obtained from the generous citizens
of those cities car-loads of meat and flour, and other provisions, which he assisted in distribution of in his neighborhood. In addition to his professional duties, Dr. Foster conducts large farming interests and a general merchandise store. In
1867-8 he was a member of the constitutional convention from Paulding county, and was mayor of Dallas one term. Dr. Foster's life has been an active and useful one, governed by noble and humane impulses and purposes. His manifold
deeds of charity and philanthropy make a monument to his memory grander and more enduring than marble or brass. Dr. Foster was married in 1857 1 Miss
Missouri, daughter of.Carey S. and Ann (Sharp) Lesueur, of Monroe county, who died Aug. 28, 1884, having borne him ten children, of whom only four--Mrs. Carey Ann Sanders, William A., James B., and Imogene, are now living. In January, 1887, Dr. Foster married Miss Florence A., daughter of William and
Mary Jordan, of Tunnell Hill, Ga., by whom he had three children, two of whom--
Irma May and Thomas J.--are living. Dr. Foster has been a member of the masonic fraternity forty years, and is an influential and exemplary Baptist, having
been a life-long member of that church.

JAMES B. FOOTE, hotel-man and merchant-farmer, Dallas, Paulding Co., Ga.,
son of George W. and Amanda (Greenwood) Foote, was born at Powder Springs, Cobb Co., Ga., Jan. 5, 1843. His father, James Foote, of English
descent, was born in Union district, S. C, in 1814, came to Georgia with the family when a boy, in an ox-cart, and settled near Powder Springs. His lather
was educated in the schools at that place, and while yet a young man began his
career as a merchant there, and was very successful. In 1853 ne moved to Dallas, where he continued his merchandising with even greater success, and built the Foote hotel. Mr. Foote's exceeding geniality, good humor, and large-hearted
hospitality made his hostelry one of the best-known and best-patronized of any
in this part of the state. He died March 22, 1892, sincerely mourned by a wide circle of appreciative friends who had been cared for and entertained by him. Air.
Foote's mother was born in 1816. in Lawrenceville, Gwinnett Co., Ga., where she
was raised and educated. She was married to Mr. Foote in 1834, and died in her seventy-seventh year. Mr. Foote was raised and educated at Powder Springs and Dallas, and received an excellent business training in his father's store. In his

PAUL.D1XG COUNTY SKETCHES.
eighteenth year he enlisted in Company C, Seventh Georgia regiment, served faith fully and suffered bravely to the end. He was in the battles of Yorktown, Fort McClellan, and Knoxville, Tenn. At this last-named battle, Nov. 23, 1863, he was shot through the thigh, and was soon afterward captured and sent to Fort Delaware, was kept a prisoner sixteen months, suffering untold hardships. He was exchanged in 1865; but such a short time before the surrender that he could not re-enter the army. He walked much of the way home from Richmond, and when he reached home he found himself impoverished by the combined ravages of the Confederate and Union armies. With the $4 of available capital he had, he engaged in the liquor business, which he followed one year, and then began farm ing. In 1870 he embarked in a general merchandise business, and prospered, as he had done in his other undertakings. In 1877 he assumed the management of the Foote hotel, and has fully sustained the wide-spread reputation and popularity gained for it by his lamented father. Mr. Foote's uniform success in all his enter prises marks him as a man of more than usual business sagacity and financial ability; while his high standing socially, commercially, and as a citizen, indicates that he possesses to the fullest extent the confidence of his fellow-citizens. Mr. Foote was married in 1866 to Miss Rebecca J., daughter of Simeon J. and Matilda (Mayo) Tidwell, of Coweta county, Ga., formerly of South Carolina, who bore him five children: Lelia, Homer, James, Hattie, and Harry. Their mother died Nov. 20, 1890. Mr. Foote was made a master Mason in 1865. He has been a leading citizen of Dallas for years, and is favorably known throughout Paulcling and adjoining counties.
SARAH JANE FOOTE, educator, Dallas, Paulding Co.. Ga., daughter of Reuben T. and Sarah E. (Daniel) Foote, was born in Powder Springs, Cobb Co., Ga., in 1846. Her father, son of James Foote, was born in Union district, S. C, in 1826. The family migrated to Georgia, making the journey in an ox-wagon, and settled near Powder Springs, in what is now Cobb county, in 1830. There Miss Foote's father studied medicine under Dr. J. K. Cotton, and, in 1844, entered the medical college of Georgia, Augusta. He did not graduate until some years later. In 1850 Dr. Foote moved to Macon county, Ala., where he practiced his profession, building up a large and profitable patronage, conducted a general merchandising business and an extensive plantation, and traded in live stock, and accumulated a quite large fortune, which in 1860 he died and left. Miss Foote's mother was a daughter of John and Sarah E. (Durden) Daniel, a Xorth Carolina family of Dutch ancestry, and was born in Madison, Morgan Co., Ga., in 1828. While she was quite young her parents moved to Powder Springs. At the schools there and at Salem, N. C., she received an excellent education, and when only fourteen years of age was married to Joseph Coleman, who died within a year. By him she had one child, a daughter, Mrs. Josephine Sistrunk, deceased. In 1845 she was married to Dr. Foote, by whom she had six children: Miss Sarah Jane, the subject of this sketch; Mrs. Georgie B. Sistrunk; Mrs. Beatrice V. Nelins, deceased; Alexander M.; William R., and Reuben T. She died in 1873. Miss Foote was educated in the common schools of Macon County, Ala. Left an orphan by the death of her father when fourteen, she undertook the education of her younger sister and brothers, and how well she performed her self-imposed duty is attested by their success and social standing to-day. Adopting teaching as a profession, Miss Foote taught school in Macon county, Ala., until 1867, since which time she has alternated between that county and Dallas. Excellently well equipped by superior intellectual endowment and literary attainment, a mild yet firm disciplinarian, and a sympathetic nature which draws children to her as to a loving sister, and possessing with all this eminent practicality of mind, she has

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MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

established an enviable reputation as an educator, and is loved by hundreds who have passed from under her instruction to household duties and the business
affairs of the outer world. In 1881 she organized the Methodist Sabbath school in
Dallas, with which she has since been usefully and influentially identified, and made it a potent power for good.

J. GRAY, farmer and miller, Hiram, Paulding Co., Ga., son of Garrett and Jane (Jenkins) Gray, was born in Franklin county, Ga., in 1829. His paternal grandfather, Isaac Gray, was born in South Carolina in 1750; was a soldier in the patriot army through the revolutionary war, and after the war came to Georgia and settled in Franklin county, where he died, aged eighty-one years. Mr. Grays father was born in South Carolina Sept. 23, 1802, where he was reared on the farm and educated in the common country schools. In 1828 he came to Georgia and settled in Franklin county, where he successfully farmed until 1835, when he moved to Cobb county, whence, in 1841, he moved to Paulding count}-. He represented Cobb county and afterward Paulding county
in the general assembly. Later he was elected to represent his senatorial district in the general assembly. During the unpleasantness he enlisted in the state service, but was discharged on account of age. Mr. Grays mother was born in South Carolina in 1802, was left an orphan when a small child, and was reared and provided for by her brother, with whom she came to Georgia in 1825. In 1828 slie was married to Mr. Gray, and of the children born to them five are living: William J., the subject of this sketch; Thomas F.; Isaac X.; Charles M.. and Sarah, Mrs. Denson. The mother died in 1879, and tne father in 1886. Mr. Gray was reared on the farm and was educated at the common schools of the locality and period. In 1849 he began farming in Paulding county, and was prosperous from the start; in 1854 he added milling to his farming, and has successfully conducted both since. From 1858 to 1868 he served as a justice of the peace, and again from 1878 to 1882. In 1876 he was elected to represent Paulding county in the general assembly, and was elected again in 1894 as a populist. Mr. Gray, besides being a good farmer, is a stirring man of business, enterprising and persevering, and his election to important public positions indicates unusual popu larity. Mr. Gray was married in 1849 to Miss Elizabeth, daughter of Samuel and Jane ("Carter) Denton, of a family of early settlers from South Carolina to Georgia. Of ten children born to them five are living: Demerris, Mrs. Mack; Katharine, Mrs. Moon: Margaret, Mrs. Yauglm; Carrie, Mrs. Dean, and Bird. He is a master Mason, and a member of the Missionary Baptist church.
C AMUEL D. HOLLAND, SR., farmer, Huntsville, Paulding Co., Ga., son of Archibald and Elizabeth (Harding) Holland, was bom in what is now Fulton
county. Ga., in 1829. His father, son of William Holland, who was of Irish descent, was born in Virginia in 1800, was reared on the farm, and educated in the common schools of the county. When he was twelve years of age he came
with the family to Georgia and settled in Clarke county, where he grew to man hood, and married in 1824 or 1825. Soon after his marriage he moved to what is now Fulton county and took up government land, on which some of the principal business houses of Atlanta now stand. In 1833 Mr. Hollands father moved to Cobb county, whence in February, 1836, he moved to Paulding county, two years before the removal of the Indians. Fanning was the business of his life; he died in 1868. Mr. Hollands mother was of English ancestry, and was born in Clarke county about 1809. Her grandfather came from England about 1770, and was a soldier in the revolutionary war under the immediate command of Washington. She gave birth to seven children, and died Dec. 22; 1840. Mr. Holland was reared

PAULDING COUNTY SKETCHES.

667

on the farm, enjoying only the limited educational facilities incident to pioneer life, three months in common county schools. He was only seven years old when his father located where he now lives, which was then a vast unbroken forest. For fifty-eight years--nearly all his life--he has lived in his present home, where he has reared his family and acquired a competency, following no other pursuit than farming. His experience as a Confederate soldier was limited to fourteen days' service. Mr. Holland was married in 1850 to Miss Ann, daughter of Hartwell and Elizabeth (Anderson) Lee, by whom he has had nine children, of whom five survive: Mrs. Pauline A. Elberry, Mrs. Lucinda Finch, Mrs. Emiline Matthews, Mrs. Sarah Gann and Thomas W. As a successful farmer, a good neighbor, and upright and honorable citizen, Mr. Holland is held in high esteem. 'THOMAS C. HOWELL, SR., farmer, Dallas, Paulding Co., Ga., son of Greene
W. and Elizabeth (Clayton) Howell, was born in Cabamis count}-, X. C.. in 1833. His father, who was the son of Joseph Howell, a revolutionary soldier, was born in North Carolina in 1807. In 1836 he migrated from that state to Georgia, traveling all the distance by wagon, and settled in Cobb county, living in a tent until he could clear land and build a house. In 1846 he moved to Carroll county, Ga., whence, after living there two years, he moved to Paulding county, where he died in 1852. Mr. Howell's mother was a daughter of Thomas and Sallie (Raysor) Clayton, and was born in North Carolina in 1799, was married about 1827, and became the mother of seven children: Joseph; Mrs. Mary Hardeman; Thomas C., the subject of this sketch; Mrs. Sarah Walton; Mrs. Bede R. Hester; John A., and James J. His mother died in 1878. Mr. Howell was reared on the farm, and educated at the "old-field" school, taught in a dirt-floor log house without windows. In April, 1862, he enlisted in Company A, Fortieth Georgia regiment, saw much hard service, and was engaged in many hard-fought battles, among them: Baker's Creek, Vicksburg, Missionary Ridge, Resaca, and from there to, and including, Atlanta (where he was slightly wounded), and manyless important engagements. Aug. 16, 1864, he was made a prisoner at East Point, near Atlanta, and sent to Camp Chase, Ohio, where he was confined ten months. After the surrender he was sent home to find it a mass of ruins 'mid a scene of desolation. Nothing daunted he went to work manfully to recuperate and rehabilitate himself. How well he has succeeded is told by his comfortable home, his broad productive acres and present pleasant surroundings. Popular, progressive and prosperous, his declining years will pass untroubled by anxious cares. Mr. Howell was married in 1854 to Miss Sarah A., daughter of Sidney and Nancy (Hull) Robertson, and to them six children were born: John H., Joseph B., Green W., Thomas C., Benjamin F. and Mrs. Mollie J. Rogers. Within one year he had two sons killed on the East Tenn., Va. & Ga. railway. His second son, a conductor, was killed in a wreck in 1891, and his fourth son, a flagman, was also killed that same year in a wreck; and the next year his son-in-law, Patrick Rogers, a fireman, was killed in another wreck on the same road. His wife died May 12, 1892. On June 22, 1892, Mr. Howell was married to Miss Lucinda Bradbury. Mr. Howell is a prominent member of the Missionary Baptist church, of which he has been a deacon for thirty-four years, and possesses the entire confidence of all who know him.

TAMES M. LARD, farmer, Hiram, Paulding Co., Ga., son of Archibald and ^ Mary (Eddleman) Lard, was born in Newton county, Ga., in 1824. His father was of South Carolina parentage, and was born in 1790. He was reared and edu cated in Gwinnett county, Ga., to which his parents moved when quite young. He afterward moved to Newton county, being one of its earliest settlers, prospered

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MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

as a farmer, and died in 1866. His mother was a daughter of David and Elizabeth Eddleman, and was born in 1797, was married in 1820, and died in 1864, having become the mother of and reared eight children: Mrs. Nancy Swan; James M., the subject of this sketch; Appling; Richard; Franklin; Thomas; John; Dawson, and George. Mr. Lard was reared a farmer, and educated in Newton county. In 1853 he moved to Paulding county, which has since been his home. In 1863 he enlisted in the state service, but a few days afterward entered the Confederate service, and was a member of Companies I and D, Seventh Georgia cavalry. His command served on the Georgia coast and in the Virginia campaign until the surrender, doing its part to sustain the prowess and reputation of the Georgia
troops. Returning to his home he found it stripped of everything movable, and he nad to begin life anew; so he set about the work of restoration. He has been successful, and has placed himself in condition to comfortably and peacefully pass his declining years. Mr. Lard was married in 1850 to Miss Martha M., daughter of Alexander and Eliza (Colbert) Lester, which union has been blessed with seven children: Mrs. Augusta Florence, Mrs. Tallulah Dorrisa, Mrs. Mattie Gunnall, Mrs. Eva Chance, Thomas, James and Joseph D. He is a revered and ex emplary member of the Methodist church, which he joined fifty-five years ago.

QEORGE WASHINGTON LAWRENCE, farmer, Dallas, Paulding Co., Ga.,
son of George and Sarah (Moseley) Lawrence, was born in what is now Campbell county, Ga., Aug. 3,1827. His grandfather, John Lawrence, was born in 1760, and served eight years in the patriot arm}- during the revolutionary war.
He was captured and spent a part of the time in an English prison. When set at liberty he returned to America, and soon afterward married Miss Bertheland Smith. He died about 1840, leaving quite a collection of interesting relics of "the times that tried men's souls," which are still a cherished possession of the family.
The father of Mr. Lawrence was born in North Carolina in 1789. and when a boy worked on the farm; but when of suitable age he was apprenticed to a blacksmith. About the time he reached manhood he migrated to Georgia, and settled in Jasper
county, where, for many years he served as a justice of the peace. In 1837 he
moved to Paulding county, where he farmed and worked at his trade. He died in 1850. Mr. Lawrence's mother was born in North Carolina in 1797, and died Sept. 28, 1869. Mr. Lawrence was raised on the farm, and all the schooling he obtained
was in a dirt-floor, windowless log house, and was limited to three months. When he was nine years old his parents moved to Paulding county, where he was raised a farmer--which has been the pursuit of his life. In 1862 he entered the Confederate service as a member of Company K, Sixtieth Georgia regiment, and, besides other
less important engagements, participated in the battles of Bristow, second Manassas, Fairfax, Sharpsburg and Fredericksburg. At Fredericksburg he was captured and sent to Camp Lee, where he remained until 1863, when he was exchanged and
sent home. Resuming his farm work he has industriously and successfully pur sued it since. He has a good home, a fine property, and is highly esteemed by his friends and fellow-citizens. Mr. Lawrence was married March 25, 1847, to Miss
Eliza, daughter of Oliver and Sarah (Brown) Brintle, of Paulding county. To them three children--still living--have been born: George M., Mrs. Sarah E. Shelton and Mrs. Ida Graham. Since 1863 Mr. Lawrence has been a member of
the masonic fraternity.

JAMES M'BRAYER, farmer, Oval, Paulding Co., Ga., son of Andrew and Nancy (Leathers) McBrayer, was born in Paulding county in 1835. Mr. Mc-
Brayer"s father--son of John McBrayer, who was a revolutionary soldier--was born in Buncombe county, N. C., in 1807, whence^the family migrated to Georgia

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66:)

in 1817, making the journey in an ox-cart, and settled in what is now Campbell and Douglas counties--living in a tent until land could be cleared and a house built. Three months' schooling, under serious disadvantages, was all he received,
but by reading and studying by a pine-knot light he acquired a fair practical education at home. In 1831 he moved to what is now Paulding county, where he accumulated a fortune, and died in 1891. Mr. McBrayer's mother, who is still
living, was born in 1813, in South Carolina. Her parents were Samuel and Mary (Swanford) Leathers, an old family of revolutionary war times, who came to Georgia and settled in what is now Paulding county. In 1831 she was married to
Mr. McBrayer, and of the children which blessed their union, nine are now living:
James M., the subject of this sketch ; Peter T. ; Samuel M. : Andrew J. ; George W. ; Wm. C.; Joseph C; Mrs. Mary A. Walker, and Mrs. Susannah Waldrop. Mr. McBrayer was raised a farmer, and received such education as could be obtained in the country common schools at the time. In 1857 he began life as a farmer, and had gotten a good start when the unpleasantness occurred. In 1862 he enlisted in Company I, Nineteenth Georgia regiment, with which he was engaged in the
battles of the Wilderness, Fredericksburg, and others. In 1862 he was taken prisoner, but was soon exchanged, rejoined his command, and remained with it until the surrender of Gen. Johnston, April 26, 1865. Like thousands of his comrades, he returned to his home to find it a desolate waste. By well-directed
labor and close management he has restored it, and has now as good a farm and is as prosperous as the most favored of his fellow-citizens. Mr. McBrayer was mar ried in 1857 to Miss Martha, daughter of Henry and Matilda (Jackson) Cleckler,
who has borne him seven children : Joseph B., Mrs. Nancy V. McLarty, Andrew E., Mrs. Elizabeth Cornet, James, Robert L., and Etta E.

DETER M'BRAYER, farmer, Oval, Paulding Co., Ga., son of Andrew and
Nancy (Leathers) McBrayer, was born in Paulding county in 1837. Like his brother, James, a sketch of whom will be found elsewhere, he was raised on the farm, and was educated in the old-time log school-house. In 1862 he enlisted in
Company I, Fifth Georgia regiment, Col. Wadkins commanding. With his com
mand, he participated in the battles of Baker's Creek, Missionary Ridge, Dalton, Resaca, and numerous less important engagements. In April, 1864, he was
captured and sent to Indianapolis, Ind., where he was detained as a prisoner nine
months. While there he suffered for want of food, from insufficiency of clothing, and frozen feet. From Indianapolis he was sent to Baltimore, Md., and thence to Richmond, where he was paroled. On his return home he walked all the distance from North Carolina, and reached home three weeks before the surrender. He
went to work at once to restore his farm to its antebellum condition, which he has accomplished, and by adopting improved machinery and methods, increased its productiveness and his resources. No neighboring farmer excels him in manage
ment or harvest. Mr. McBrayer was married Dec. 5, 1866, to Miss Mary F., daughter of Bennett and Jane (Ingram) Cooper, who has borne him nine children :
William A., Mrs. Vilula Ellis, Andrew E., Ida D., Mary E., Peter L, Warner J.,
Fannie F., and Robert L.

WILLIAM F. MEADOWS, farmer, Hiram, Paulding Co., Ga., son of Jacob and Sarah (Cawthorn) Meadows, was born in Oglethorpe county, Ga., in
1830. His paternal grandfather was a North Carolinian--of English parentage-- and migrated from North Carolina to Georgia in 1808--making the trip in a large
wooden wagon drawn by three horses, camping at night by the roadside. He
settled in Oglethorpe county, and lived under a tent until timber could be felled and a house built. Mr. Meadows' father was born in Carteret county, N. C., in 1803,

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MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

came with the family to Georgia in 1808, and was raised and educated in Oglethorpe county. In 1830 he married Miss Sarah Cawthorn--born in 1812--daugh ter of Samuel H. and Sarah (Green) Cawthorn--who bore him fifteen children and died in 1857. She was the first wife of Mr. Meadows, who died in Cobb county in 1891. Mr. W. F. Meadows was the oldest of twenty-five children born to his father, was raised on the farm, and educated in the dirt-floor log school-house of that day. He was four years old when his parents moved to Cobb county (now Paulding), and is the only man now living in the county who lived in it at that time. He began life for himself as a farmer, which has been his life occupation,
in 1849. I" I 86I ne enlisted in Company D, Seventh Georgia regiment, and with his command was in the first battle at Manassas--where he was shot through the left foot, inflicting a wound from which he has never recovered--and served in the Virginia campaign. He was sent to the hospital, and was discharged, and came home in 1862. The following January he re-enlisted in Company I, Twentyeighth Georgia regiment (known as Boinaws), with which he served in the Florida campaign--participating in the battle at Ocean Pond. The command was ordered to Charleston, S. C., was there six months, including the siege, and the every-day bombardment; and participated in the battle on John's island. In obedience to orders, the command joined Gen. Johnston in North Carolina, and was with him when he surrendered. Since the war he has devoted his time and attention to the improvement of his farm, and is comfortably situated and enjoying life, the good-will of his neighbors, and the companionship of his family. Mr. Meadows \vas married in 1849 to Miss Sarah, daughter of David and Sarah (Autry) Moore-- a union which has been blessed by ten children: William L., Sarah Caroline, Jacob D., Allison W., Benjamin F., Mrs. Mary House, Homer, Leetroy, Leonidas, and Mrs. Emma L. Varner. Mr. Meadows is a master Mason and an influential member of the Missionary Baptist church.

J ROBERT MOON, postmaster, Dallas, Paulding .Co., Ga., son of James K. and " Mary J. (Butner) Moon, was born near Hiram, Paulding county, in 1853. His
paternal grandfather, John W. Moon, was born in the latter part of the last century in Lincoln county, Ga., in which he was raised, and was a justice of the peace many
years. In 1837 he moved to Paulding county, where he died forty years later. Mr. Moon's father was born in Lincoln county in 1820, and was raised a farmer. In 1853 he moved to Powder Springs, Cobb Co., Ga., where he engaged in mer chandising, and soon established a prosperous business. In 1861 he enlisted in Company D, Seventh Georgia regiment, and was elected third lieutenant. He participated in the first and second Manassas battles, soon after which he was discharged on account of sickness. In 1863 he re-enlisted in Company I, Seventh Georgia cavalry, and was commissioned third lieutenant. He served through all the Virginia campaigns to the close of hostilities, steadily refusing a higher com
mission. He lost fifteen slaves and much other valuable property by the war. On his return home he resumed farming and continued it until his death, in 1870. His
mother, daughter of Thomas and Marina (Chandler) Butner, was born in Walton county, Ga., in 1832. Her parents were of old North Carolina families. She was married when sixteen years old, and died in October, 1883. Of the children born to them, six are living: Zadoe B., Charles C., J. Robert, the subject of this sketch, Mrs. Harriet M. Sorrels, Mrs. Josephine L. S. Morris, and Mrs. Maggie F. Welch. Mr. Moon was raised on the farm, and educated partly in the country schools, and partly at Powder Springs. At the age of twenty-one he commenced
an apprenticeship as carpenter and builder, and in 1879 moved to Dallas, where he followed his trade. In 1885 he was made deputv sheriff, and, after serving four years, was elected sheriff of the county. In 1891 Jie was elected a member of the

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671

town council, and appointed notary public and ex-officio justice of the peace. In
1893 he was appointed postmaster at Dallas. In every position to which he has been advanced Mr. Moon has proven equal to its duties, all of which he has fully
and faithfully discharged--the best evidence of which is his steady, continuous promotion. Mr. Moon was married in 1882 to Miss Sarah J., daughter of Henry N. and Elizabeth (Stewart) Hagin, who has borne him four children: Jessie M., deceased; Bessie L.; Clara L., and Robert R. Mr. Moon is a master Mason, and
an influential member of the Baptist church.

Q LIVER T. MORRIS, farmer, Dallas, Paulding Co., Ga., son of Thompson and Ellen (Morgan) Morris, was born in Cobb county, Ga., in 1842. His
paternal grandfather, Joseph Morris, was born in what is now Franklin county, Ga., in 1776." He was a school teacher, a man of note and influence, and repre
sented Cobb county in the general assembly. He moved to Cobb county in 1832. Mr. Morris' father was born in Gwinnett county in 1815, was raised on the farm, lived a quiet, successful farmer's life, cultivating peace and good will toward all,
and died Jan. 15, 1887. Mr. Morris' mother was the daughter of Hardy and Nancy (Odom) Morgan, and was born in Sumter county, Ga., Feb. 22,1822. Ten years later her parents moved to Cobb county, where she was reared on the farm and received a common school education. In January, 1841, she was married to Thompson Morris and became the mother of eight children: Oliver T., the subject of this sketch; Nancy A., Mrs. Elizabeth Helton, Alfred C., Thompson M., Joseph L., John W., and Ephraim U. His mother died Aug. 7, 1895, at the age of seventy-three. Mr. Morris was reared on a farm, and was educated at the "old field" school, taught in the old-time loghouse. In his twentieth year he enlisted in Company A, Fortieth Georgia regiment. He was with his command
and participated in every battle in which it was engaged--irr the campaigns in Kentucky and Tennessee, and in the defense of Vicksburg. Here he was cap tured, and being prostrated soon afterward by fever, was sent home. On his
restoration to health he rejoined the army at Dalton, Ga., and remained with it until the surrender. Returning to his farm, laid waste by the ravages of war, he resolutely set to work to restore it to its former condition and rebuild his fortune. Since then, except when called to serve his fellow-citizens in the coun cils of the state, he has devoted his time and energies to the improvement of his farm, in which he has been abundantly successful. In 1888 he was elected by the alliance democrats to represent Paulding county in the general assembly. His service and record were so" satisfactory that he was re-elected in 1892 by the populists. His faithfulness and ability will undoubtedly commend him to his fellow-citizens for further service in the future. Mr. Morris was married in 1861
to Miss Martha J., daughter of James and Lucinda (Harris) Carter. To them ten children have been born, seven of whom are living: Joseph L., James T.,
William O., Alfred A., Virginia, Homer M. and Parks H. He has lived where he now resides since he was thirteen years old; has been blessed with prosperity, respected as a law-maker, and has the entire confidence of all who know him.

QEORGE A. OWEN, farmer and miller, Dallas, Paulding Co., Ga., son of Arnold and Polly (Brown) Owen, was born near Providence, R. L, in 1822.
His paternal grandfather, Thomas Owen, was a soldier in the patriot army during
the revolutionary war. Mr. Owen's father was born in Rhode Island in 1797, was a successful farmer, and died in 'his native state in 1878. His mother was
born in 1802, daughter of Esic Brown, her father also being a revolutionary soldier. She died in her seventv-sixth 3rear. Mr. Owen was reared on his father's

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MEMOIRS OP GEORGIA.

farm and received a good English education in the common schools of the state.
After leaving school he served a four years' apprenticeship with a millwright, and
in 1848 came to Georgia to work at his trade. He finally permanently established himself in Paulding county, and engaged in fanning and milling, succeeding at
both. Being a miller he was exempt from military service during the war, but was compelled to grind the tithes exacted from the farmers for the support of the soldiers in the Confederate army. During the war his house was made head
quarters for Gen. Veach, of Illinois, of the Union army, and his houses and mills
were spared, but his five slaves, his stock and crops were run off or destroyed. He has been a successful fanner and miller and has placed himself in comfortable circumstances. In 1882 he was elected judge of the probate court of the county,
and served one term. Mr. Owen was married in 1862 to Miss Nancy, daughter of Bailey and Nancy (Evans) Bone. Of six children, the fruit of this union, four
are living: Mrs. Mollie Williams; Nellie G., single; Felton and Benjamin A.

JOHN F. RAGSDALE, farmer, Dallas, Paulding Co., Ga., son of S. W. and Sarah (Haygood) Ragsdale, was born in Newton county, Ga., Feb. 15, 1834.
His paternal grandfather, Elijah Ragsdale, was a Virginian, a soldier in the patriot army during the revolutionary war, and also during the last war with Great Britain--1812-14. He migrated from Virginia to South Carolina, and
thence to Georgia, settling first in Franklin county, but moving soon afterward to Newton county, among its earliest settlers. Mr. Ragsdale's father was born in Franklin county Feb. 9, 1809, was reared and continued to be a farmer and was educated in the common schools of the country. He moved to Paulding county about the time it was organized--a pioneer--and is still living at the age of
eighty-five years. Mr. Ragsdale's mother was a daughter of John and Polly (Moss) Haygood, and was born in Clarke county, Ga., in 1815; was married about 1832, and reared a large family of children. She is still living, eighty years of age. Mr. Ragsdale received a farmer's training in early life, and was
educated at the first schools in Paulding county, of which he has been a citizen for
more than sixty years. In October, 1861, he enlisted in Company B, Fourth
Georgia regiment, and served six months as coast guard. He then joined Com pany I, Second Georgia cavalry, and was with Gen. Bragg in the Kentucky campaign, participating in the battles of Perryville and Murfreesboro, and many minor engagements. May 17, 1864, at Rome, Ga., his right arm was shot off at the shoulder, by which he was disabled from further military service. After some months' treatment in the hospitals at Rome, Marietta and Atlanta he returned
home and secured transportation for his wife and babe to Columbus, Ga., on a wagon-load of hides, himself walking the entire distance. From there he took his family to Eufaula, Ala., where, establishing them in a small house, he engaged as overseer on the plantation of John N. Webb. He remained there until emanci pation was proclaimed, when he returned by wagon to his farm in Paulding
county. His labors since have been directed to its restoration, and with such success that he has now one of the best improved and arranged, as well as one of the best equipped farms in the county. In 1866 he was elected tax collector of the county and held it by re-election nine years. Mr. Ragsdale was married Feb. 17, 1858, to Miss Lucinda, daughter of Daniel and Narcissus White, who bore him six children, of whom three are living: Daniel A., William F. and
Charles F. Their mother died July 26, 1882. Subsequently Mr. Ragsdale mar ried Mrs. Fanny (nee Jones) Biggcrs. He is progressive and enterprising, a model fanner and citizen, and no man in Paulding county stands higher in the
estimation of its people.

PAULDING COUNTY SKETCHKS.

6/3

A\f 1LLIAM A. RAGSDALE, educator and farmer, Dallas, Paulding Co., Ga.,
son of S. W. and Sarah (Haygood) Ragsdale, was born in De Kalb county in 1835. He was reared in the country, and was educated in the old-time dirtfloor log schoolhouse--the term being three or four weeks after the laying-by
cf the crops. In his twentieth year he attended Hogan Roberts' select school three months, after which he began his career as a teacher, and has taught at in tervals from then until now. He also commenced reading law, inclining to that
profession and did some practice, but the war intervening, his purpose was de feated. In October, 1861, he raised a company, which became Company B,
Fourth Georgia state troops, of which he was made captain--the youngest in the regiment. After being six months in the state service he enlisted as a private in Company I, Second Georgia cavalry regiment, and was with the famous Gen. Forrest in the campaigns in east Tennessee and Kentucky, participating in the
first and second battles of Murfreesboro, and that at Lebanon, Tenn. In response to his solicitation the secretary of war granted him permission to return home
and raise a second company, which became Company I, Sixty-fourth regiment, Col. Evans. This command served in the Florida campaign, and was engaged
in the battle of Ocean Pond, in which he lost seven out of fifty-three men led into battle. Capt Ragsdale was then placed in command of two companies to reconnoiter near Fort Mason, in western Florida. Following this he was ordered to the defense of Charleston, S. C. In the battle on John's island, July 9, 1864, when charging the Federal works, he was wounded by a shot passing through his right arm, shattering the bone, disabling him from further military service. He was sent to the hospital at Branchville, S. C., where he remained four weeks,
and then returned to his home and resumed farming and teaching. After the passage of the public school law he was made a member of the first board of education of Paulding county. In 1858 he was a candidate for sheriff and was
defeated by ninety votes. In 1868 he was the democratic candidate for repre sentative to the general assembly and was again defeated. In 1876 he was a
candidate for senator from his district, and was elected. While in the senate he
introduced a bill consolidating the offices of clerk of the superior court and tax receiver, which became a law and remained in force a number of years. He also introduced a bill fixing the pay of grand jurors and bailiffs at one dollar per day, and no more. In 1882 he was elected county school commissioner and served four years. Capt Ragsdale was married in 1860 to Miss Mary C, daughter of Robin and Julia (Gann) Gann, who has borne him five children: George T., of
Arkansas; Robert E. L., Leonora, Mrs. Alice Harris and John A. G. He has been an almost lifelong member of the Missionary Baptist church, and in 1885 was ordained a minister, since which time he has been preaching. Soon after he began preaching he was elected moderator of the Tallapoosa association, which place he held for several years* In all the walks of life, citizen, farmer, teacher, soldier, legislator and as a minister of the gospel he has been true and faithful,
and won universal respect and confidence.

CNOWDEN ROBERTSON, physician and surgeon, Dallas. Paulding Co., Ga., son of Charles and Mary (Wilkes) Robertson, was born in LaGrange,
Troup Co., Ga., in 1840. His paternal grandfather, Pleasant Robertson, of English parentage, was born in Petersburg, Va., in 1770, whence the family migrated to Georgia about 1808, traveling in an ox-cart and settled in the woods in Oglethorpe county. A plantation was cleared and in a few years he became one of the largest and most substantial planters in the county. Dr. Robertson's father was born in Lexington, Oglethorpe Co., Ga., in 1812, raised on the farm,
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674

MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

and educated in the common country schools. In addition to superintending his
extensive planting interests he was widely known as a contractor and builder. In 1838 he moved to LaGrange, where he continued his planting and other business until his death in 1891. The doctor's mother was a daughter of Moses Wilkes, and was born in Oglethorpe count}- in 1820. Her father was a soldier in the patriot army during the revolutionary war, and migrated from Virginia to Georgia about 1810. She was married to Mr. Robertson in 1839, an<i ^r- Robertson is the only living child--the other son having died on the Manassas battle field in the eighteenth year of his age. She died in 1842. Dr. Robertson, after the death of his mother, was taken to the home of his grandparents in Oglethorpe rounty. who raised and educated him, and with whom he remained until 1857. During this time he attended the celebrated Meson academy at Lexington, and
began the study of medicine under Dr. Wadkins. He then moved to Powder Springs. Cobb Co., Ga., where he attended school one year, and continued the study of medicine under Dr. ]. F. Cotton. In October, 1860, he entered the Atlanta Medical college, and the May following enlisted in Company D, Seventh Georgia regiment. After ten months' faithful service in this command he was transferred to the medical department at Lynchburg, where he did valuable hospital service until the close of the war. He then returned to Powder Springs, where he practiced medicine under a license until October, 1872, when he re-entered Atlanta Medical college, and graduated the following March. Imme diately afterward he located in Dallas, where he soon secured a large and remu nerative practice, which has constantly increased in extent and value. Dr. Robcrtson's reputation as a successful physician and skillful surgeon extends afar, and in that part of the state he stands at the head of his profession. In July,
i&p, he established a drug store in Dallas, which he has conducted in connection with his practice, in which he has been exceptionally successful. Dr. Robertson was married in 1864 to Miss Lou C., daughter of Adam and Maria (Martin) Sum mers. Four children, all living, have blessed this union: Mrs. Frances M.
Mason. Mrs. Xettie V. Davis, Dr. Emmett H. Robertson, and Charles H. Rob ertson. Dr. Robertson has been a master Mason since 1864, and has been for a long time identified with the Methodist church. Dr. E. H. Robertson, a son,
graduated at Memphis, Tenn., with honor, and is loved by all who know him.

V^ILLIAM L. ROLLIXS, farmer-mechanic and county commissioner, Dallas,
Paulding Co., Ga., son of Williamson and Martha (Price) Rollins, was born in Campbell county, Ga., in 1832. His grandfather, John Rollins, migrated from North Carolina to Georgia in 1818, coming in an oxcart, and settled in what is now Campbell county. From there he moved to what is now Paulding county, whence two years afterward he moved to Murray county, Ga., where he died in 1850. He was a successful farmer and a minister of the Primitive Baptist church. Mr. Rollins' father was born in North Carolina in 1812, came to Georgia with the family in 1818, and in 1828 married Miss Price. She was the daughter of John and Man- A. Price, was born in Oglethorpe county, Ga., in 1813, and died Jan. 28. 1886. To them ten children were born. Mr. Rollins was raised a farmer, and received some education at the common country schools, but chiefly he educated himself at home. In 1848 he engaged in gold mining, and followed it two years. Possessing mechanical talent and ambition he came to Dallas in 1856, and embarked in the manufacture of wagons and buggies. Two years afterward he entered the railway shops at Chattanooga, and worked there and in N'ashville. Tenn.. a number of years. In 1862 he was pressed into the Confederate service, joined Company C, First Georgia cavalry, and accompanied it in the

PAULDING COUNTY SKETCHES.

675

Tennessee and Kentucky campaigns. In December, 1863, he was captured at
Nashville, and took the oath of allegiance to the United States. From then until the close of the war he was employed by the United States government, first as teamster for supply wagon, and then in railway repair shops. Since the war Mr. Rollins has been engaged principally in farming, in which he has prospered. He has been a justice of the peace eight years, and county commissioner since 1890. Mr. Rollins was married in September, 1857, to Miss Caroline, daughter of Joseph and Lucinda (Carter) Ragsdale, a union which was blessed with three children: Mrs. Mary E. McAdams, Mrs. Martha L. Worthen, and Joseph W. Their mother died in Nashville, Tenn., Sept. 21, 1864, and on Jan. 21, 1866, Mr. Rollins was married to Mrs. Elizabeth (nee Gordon) Duff, daughter of Joseph and Mahala (Lard) Gordon. Of the children born to them only one, Walter C., is living. Mr. Rollins is a much respected and honored citizen of the city and county.

UASTINGS C. SCOGGINS, educator and farmer, Dallas. Paulding Co., Ga., son of Gillim and Oretha (Chandler) Scoggins, was born in Carroll county, Ga
in 1844. His father was born in Virginia in 1780, where he grew to manhood and then came to Georgia and settled in Oglethorpe county--one of its earliest
settlers. He afterward moved to Coweta county, and thence to Carroll county, where he died--about 1860. He was a commissioned officer in the war of 1812. His mother was born in Virginia in 1800, and was married to his father in 1836 --each being the other's second conjugal companion. To them three children were born: Mrs. Elizabeth Nixon, Seaborn S., and Hastings C., the subject of
this sketch. She died in 1874. Mr. Scoggins was educated in the common schools of the county--meantime working on the farm, until he was eighteen years of age, when he began teaching. Alternately teaching and going to school, he finally acquired a good classical education and adopted the profession of a teacher. Having had the misfortune to be born with but one foot, he was exempt from military service. In 1867 he moved to Chattooga county, where he prospered; but in 1870 returned to Carroll county Two years later he moved to his present home. In 1874 he was elected justice of the peace and served three years; in 1879 he was elected tax receiver and served one term; and in 1881 he was elected
school commissioner, which office he held four years. In 1885 he was elected ordinary of the county and held the office eight years, during which time he superintended the erection of the new court house. Since 1880 he has been
engaged in farming, in which he has been very successful. The public offices to which he has been successively and continuously elected, and each new office a promotion, shows that he is very popular and that his official faithfulness and ability have been appreciated. Mr. Scoggins was married Aug. 27, 1868, to Miss
Sarah, daughter of Andrew and Katie (Woods) Millican, of Chattooga county, who has borne him seven children, all sons: Charles A., Gillim A., Jesse E., O'Connor, Claudius, Alphonso C., and Robert B. It may safely be assumed that Mr. Scoggins will be continued in the public service

\XfILLIAM J. SHEFFIELD, merchant, Huntsville, Paulding Co., Ga., was
born in Paulding county Aug. n, 1840. He was raised on the farm, and received only such limited education as could be obtained at the common schools in the country at that time. June 18, 1861. he enlisted in Company H, Nineteenth Georgia regiment, went immediately to the front, and was in very many of the most obstinately contested and important battles of the war, among them Seven
Pines, second Manassas, seven days' fight around Richmond. Cold Harbor, Games' Mill. Bermuda Hundred, Charleston. Fort Pumter. in the Florida cam-

6j6

MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

paign at the battle of Ocean Pond, in the North Carolina and Virginia campaigns. During the fights around Richmond he carried his brother-in-law, who had been dangerously wounded, from the battlefield. At the battle of Petersburg he was shot through the right leg, and in June, 1864, it was amputated above the knee. He remained in the hospital four months, and suffered excessively from gangrene and inattention. As soon as he was able he returned home and taught school for many months. In 1866 he was elected tax receiver of the county, and held the office six years. The next two years, 1872-73, he engaged in farming, and then he commenced merchandising--a business which he has continued in since with great success. He has built up a large and profitable trade, and stands well in the commercial world. Mr. Sheffield was married in 1869 to Miss Martha A., daughter of Stephen D. and Emeline (Thompson) Roberts, by whom he has had five children, all living: Ison, Effie M., Snowdon, Lester, and Lizzie. It is an interesting fact that three Sheffield brothers married three Roberts sisters. He has been an exemplary member of the Baptist church since 1886, and is much respected by all who know him.

1OHN G. WOOD, farmer, Dallas, Paulding Co., Ga., son of Elias and Jane (Oliver) Wood, was born in what is now Fulton county, Ga., in 1839. His
father was born in South Carolina in 1812, was reared in the country and educated at the neighboring schools. In 1836 he was married, and in 1839 migrated to
Georgia, making the' journey in ox-carts, and living in a tent until ground could be cleared and a house built He was accompanied by five brothers and three sisters, all of whom settled in Georgia. He died in 1874. Mr. Woods' mother was born in Ireland in 1808, and was the daughter of Andrew and Mary (Gibson) Oliver, who came to America in 1810. Mr Wood was raised on the farm and educated in the common schools of the time and locality. He enlisted in May, 1861, in Company B, Seventh Georgia icgiment, went immediately to the front and served through the war. With his command he was in many of the really
important battles of the war, including first and second Manassas, Malvern hill (where he was wounded and lost a finger from his left hand and had a ball pass
through fourteen folds of his blanket and flatten against the skin), Yorktown, Fort McClellan, Gettysburg, Wilderness, Seven Pines, Boonsboro gap, KnoxviHe, Charleston, Tenn., Lookout mountain, etc. After the surrender he resumed
his farm life, and in 1874 moved to and settled in Paulding county, where he has come to be recognized as one of its most thorough and progressive farmers. Mr. Wood was married in August, 1866, to Miss Rhoda, daughter of Wesley and Elizabeth (Landers) Hudson, an old South Carolina family, by whom he has had nine children: John F., David L., Mrs. Loduska Scoggins, Elias W., Charles
W., William G., Thomas J., James A., and Robert V. He is an exemplary and valued member of the Missionary Baptist church. His fellow citizens repose the fullest confidence in him as a neighbor and citizen.

P1CKENS COUNTY.
WILLIAM STEPHEN CLAYTON, a leading citizen of Pickens county, was born on a farm at Cartecay in Gilmer county, July 28, 1858, where he lived
until his twenty-second year. He was educated at the Ellijay seminary and at

PICKENS COUNTY SKETCHES.
Oakland academy. After finishing his education he was for three years the representative of various mercantile houses, and in that capacity traveled through the southern states. During the administration of President Harrison he served as storekeeper and gauger in the internal revenue service in the state of Georgia. At the expiration of his term of service he became general manager and one of the proprietors of the "Republican," a weekly newspaper published at Jasper, and the organ of the republican party in Pickens county, and has continued the publica tion of that paper successfully and profitably to the present time. The "Republi can" is a bright and progressive weekly, and has the distinction of being the only republican paper edited and published in Georgia by a white man. It has an extensive and well-merited circulation in northern Georgia and throughout the state. Connected with Mr. Clayton in the publication of the "Republican" is Mr. Freeman W. Padgett, an affable and promising young newspaper man and a native of Pickens county. Messrs. Clayton and Padgett are members of the Georgia Weekly Press association. Both of these gentlemen are active and con sistent republicans, and have been prominent in the councils of that party in this state. The proprietors conduct a job office in connection with the publishing department of the "Republican," and in this line have succeeded in establishing a successful and lucrative business. Mr. Clayton's father is still living in Gilmer county. He is a native of North Carolina, where he was born near Asheville, Buncombe Co., in 1822. In 1843 ne married Elizabeth Osborn, daughter of Ncwman Osborn, of Buncombe county, N. C. He moved to Gilmer county about sixty years ago, and he still lives on the same farm on which he settled fifty years since. At the time he settled in Gilmer county the Cherokee Indians were in possession of the country and he was reared among them. Before the war he filled several county offices, and during that struggle he was a prominent Union man and served with his son, Jeremiah, in the Tenth Tennessee Union regiment. The mother of Mr. Clayton is still living with his father in Gilmer county. HON. SION ARRINGTON DARNELL, of Jasper, Pickens Co., one of the
best-known men in the state of Georgia, is a true representative of the new south, and of its best interests. This scholarly gentleman and brilliant lawyer was born in Pickens county Dec. 28, 1845. His early opportunities for securing an education and the cultivation of his mind were extremely limited, and yet were sufficient, with so much of contrast in the surroundings of his earlier years, to inspire and develop in him great ambition to learn. He attended his first school in Pickens county in the fall of 1855, but at that time by his own exertions he had been able to read for three years, and was possessed of considerable elementary knowledge. His first teacher had no difficulty with him. It was his ambition to stand at the head of his classes, and he read all the books lie could find, thus early laying the foundation for the mature thought and comprehensive knowledge of later years. Until he was sixteen years of age he attended such schools as his section of the state afforded, usually about three months in each year, meantime doing work incident to the early life of a farmer's son. In every situation in which he was placed he was industrious and reliable. Fond of athletic sports, he was yet free from the many errors incident to their indulgence and to the character of youth. When he was seventeen years of age he taught a large and flourishing school a few miles from his home, where, by his example and steady purpose, he imbued the minds of the youth he taught with the same high ambition that guided him; and it has been to him a source of pride that in this school he found and encouraged some of the brightest young intellects of Georgia--gems of the mountains--in whose shadows they lived. The vicissitudes of war broke up this school, and Mr. Darnell was confronted with the question as to whether it was
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678

MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

his duty to fight for or against the integrity- of the union of states. He had while yet a boy read the speeches of Henry Clay and Daniel Webster, and was thor oughly in sympathy with the national views of these great statesmen. He never for a moment believed in the doctrine of state sovereignty in the sense in which it was sought to be applied, and, therefore, when the crisis came, he with his father and a younger brother escaped from the Confederacy, and after being captured by Confederate scouts, condemned to be shot, taken to the place of execution, and released by Union soldiers, he became a private soldier in the Union army, and was honorably discharged at the termination of hostilities. Returning to the wrecked home of his father he resumed the work of aiding him in the maintenance of a large family. In the county of Mr. Darnell's birth the Union sentiment at the outbreak of the war was very strong, and a great majority of its people voted against secession. After the ordinance of secession was passed on Jan. 19, 1861, the Union men, of whom Mr. Darnell's father was one. placed the flag of the United States on a staff in front of the courthouse at Jasper, and kept it there, sometimes guarding it with guns, until it was beaten to pieces by the winds. In January, 1866, when a little more than twenty years of age. Mr. Darnell was elected to the office of tax collector and served out his term, at the end of which he was elected from the county of Pickens to the lower house of the legislature of Georgia as a republican. He was an advocate of a general system of education throughout the state, and devoted much of his time in the preparation of a bill to establish that system. He has always believed in the education of all the children of the state at public expense as one of the best safeguards of the public welfare. He also advocated the construction of the Marietta & North Georgia railway, now in operation through north Georgia. While a member of the legislature he served on the committees on banks, railways, elections and judiciary, although not then a member of the legal profession. In September, 1872, he was admitted to the bar, and has been in active practice ever since. In March. 1873, ne w'as appointed special commissioner of claims for Georgia, under the act of congress of March 3,1871, and held this appointment until January, 1870, when he resigned to accept the appointment of assistant United States attorney for the district of Georgia, which he held until March, 1882, and in the meantime represented the United States in cases from Georgia before the French and American claims commission, then in session in Washington. In July, 1882, he was appointed United States attorney for the southern district of Georgia, serving the entire term of four years, to the satisfaction of the government. Since the age of twentytwo he has been a member of the republican state committee of Georgia, and in 1880, 1888 and 1892 he was a delegate to the national republican conventions at Chicago and Minneapolis. In all the political campaigns in Georgia during the past twenty-five years he has addressed the people throughout the state. He is an active member of the Grand Army of the Republic, and past commander of two posts in the state: he was also a delegate to the national encampment at Milwaukee in 1889. In March, 1889, ne was appointed by President Harrison United States attorney for the northern district of Georgia, and served the full term of four years. He has been a member of the Baptist church since 1866. On Feb. 22,1871, Mr. Darnell was married to Miss Susie Hotchkiss, at Marietta, Ga., and now resides, with his wife and two children, a son and a daughter, at Jasper. Mr. Darnell conies from a long line of ancestry, having its origin in the first family of his name in Maryland in the time of the first Lord Baltimore. The wife of Charles Carroll of Carrollton was a Miss Mary Darnell, whose father was prominent in the history of that state. His immediate ancestors were descended from revolutionary soldiers, and bore' a prominent and heroic part in

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PICKENS COUNTY SKETCHES.

679

the war for independence of the colonies. Notwithstanding this. Mr. Darnell
does not claim what others have been or may have done. He has always believed
in the maxim, "Career open to merit and talent without regard to the accident of birth," and that he has as much right to patent his own nobility as to claim it from others.

V^ILLIAM T. DAY, of Jasper, one of the leaders of the Pickens county bar, was born in Walton county, in this state, on Sept. 30, 1828. He resided in
that county until he arrived at the age of fourteen, when he moved with his parents to Cherokee county. He received a common school education. At the
age of twenty-six he commenced the study of law with Daniel H. Ilyrd. and was admitted to the bar in October, 1854. Immediately thereafter he located at Jasper. Mr. Day has enjoyed an active practice during many years in both the state and Federal courts. During the late w:ar, while opposed to the principle of
secession, he nevertheless felt in duty bound to protect his state and the lives of its people, and he accordingly entered the service of the state of Georgia as captain of Company D, Eighth regiment, commanded by Col. E. W. Chastain. He afterward served under Gov. Brown, his entire term of service extending upward of three years. In 1860 Mr. Day was elected one of the delegates from Pickens county to the celebrated secession convention to be held at Milledgeville in January, 1861. In that convention he became conspicuous as an opponent of secession, and voted against the resolution dissolving the relation between the Federal Union and the state of Georgia. In 1877 Mr. Day was elected a delegate to the-state convention that adopted the present state constitution. In 1880-81 he was a member of the house of representatives of the state of Georgia, repre senting Pickens county. In 1884-85 he served in the state senate of Georgia, representing the forty-first senatorial district, which included the counties of
Pickens, Gilmer and Fannin. Mr. Day was married in 1866 to Miss Teresa P. Craig, of Harris county. Six children, three girls and three boys, were born of this marriage, all of whom survive. The wife of Mr. Day died in February, 1894. His father, Lewis Day, was a native of South Carolina, who settled in Georgia about 1824, and died in Cherokee county in 1876. The mother of Mr. Day was Alpha Dixon, daughter of Thomas Dixon, of Walton county. She died in Cherokee county in 1885. His grandfather on his father's side was William Day, a native of Virginia, who lived to a ripe old age und died in South Carolina. William Day was a soldier in the war of the revolution, having rendered active service throughout that struggle. He was afterward rewarded with a pension for
his services in the war, which he continued to receive up to the time of his death.

ISAAC GRANT, of Jasper, Pickens Co., was born in Hall county, in this state.
Oct. 24, 1854, where he was raised on a farm, and where he lived until his thirty-first year. He was educated at Grange academy. Hall county, and at the
Jasper institute. At the age of thirty-four he commenced the study of law under W. H. Simmons, a prominent lawyer at Jasper. In 1882 he was admitted to the
bar by Hon. James R. Brown, presiding judge of the superior court of Pickens county. Immediately thereafter he commenced the practice of his profession at Jasper, and has since continued his practice throughout the Blue Ridge and north
eastern circuits. On May 12, 1885, Mr. Grant was married to Miss Lula Mauldin. daughter of Alien Mauldin, of Easley, S. C. Three children have been born of this
marriage, all of whom survive: Leland Stanford, born June 13, 1888: Inice
Gertrude, born Feb. 13, 1891, and Imer, born March 4, 1893. The father of Mr.
Grant was Radford Grant, born in Spartanburg county, S. C, April 23, 1823. who

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MEMOIRS OP GEORGIA.

came to Georgia in 1844, and settled in Hall county, near Gainesville, on a farm, where he resided until his death, Oct. 24, 1871. The mother of Mr. Grant is Mary, daughter of John G. Williams, of Hall county. She is still living in that county. Mr. Grant is a member of the masonic fraternity at Jasper, and is a prominent citizen of that town, and of Pickens county.

JOHN WILLIS HENLEY, of Jasper, Pickens Co., was born at Dahlonega,

Lumpkin Co., Ga., March 28, 1852. When a baby, his parents removed to

Banks county, this state, where, left fatherless at a tender 'age, his early

childhood was spent The character of this boy may be illustrated by the fdct that,

older than his brothers and sisters, he was looked to for advice and pecuniary

assistance in the place of his deceased father. A good son, and, recognizing the

responsibility left to him, he devoted his entire time and energies to the supporting

oi his mother, brothers and sisters, and by so doing, was entirely deprived of any

opportunities for acquiring a schooling. Notwithstanding these disadvantages,

Mr. Henley availed himself, through all these years, of every chance to gain such

knowledge by self-study and research as lay in his power. In 1874 he attended the

Fort Mountain institute for a short period, and his studious habits, quickness of

learning, and natural ability are attested to by the fact of his being competent to

take charge of a school in Gordon and Murray counties soon after this. This

venture was not a success, financially, however, as his salary in the latter county

was not sufficient to defray living expenses. A year later, desiring to take

'

advantage of the chance presented to gain further knowledge, he entered the

North Georgia Agricultural college, at Dahlonega, taking the classical course, and

:

graduating from that institution with the degree of bachelor of arts in 1879. He

entered college with but $15 to defray expenses, and supported himself while

there entirely by devoting his spare time to teaching vacations. But the

',

remuneration derived from this was not sufficient to pay his college dues, and he

<

left it $100 in debt Prof. M. G. Bates, now president of a college in Atlanta,

f

Texas, was his classmate, and, also, his roommate during his term at college.

;

Remembering his early struggles and limited opportunities for instruction, he

conceived, during his last year at college, the idea of establishing an educational

;

institute, at Jasper, for the benefit of the youths of Pickens county, and even before

graduation, Jasper institute was in the course of construction. This well-known

and popular school was established at his own instance, and first threw open its

doors in 1879 to its patrons, as a select private school. Being an indefatigable

worker, this institution flourished under his care and superintendence, until 1884,



when, its reputation safe, and an everlasting source of pride to him, he sold it.

It has since become a public school. His next venture was to commence, in 1884,

i

the study of law under the supervision of Hon. George R. Brown, of Canton. His

success in this undertaking is shown by the fact that he was admitted to the bar,

i

after standing a very rigid examination, in September of that year. Subsequently

j

he commenced the practice of law at Jasper, where he still resides and follows his

t

profession. A man of strict integrity, he won for himself many warm and loyal

|

friends, and justly earned the reputation of being an able lawyer. His practice

I

extends throughout northern Georgia, and in the supreme court of the state. Mr.

Henley is a prudent and safe counselor, and an honorable and conscientious

i

gentleman, possessed of great tact and wisdom. He stands high in the cstima-

'

tion of the people of Pickens county. His present position of school commissioner,

i

to which he was chosen in 1891, demonstrates that he was a successful educator.

Since 1868 he has been a regular member of the Missionary Baptist church, and is

:

active in promoting the cause of religion, and the moral standard of the community

in which lie resides. In 1879 he \vas married at Spring Place, Murray Co.. Ga.. to

PICKENS COUNTT SKETCHES.

'

68l

Katie, daughter of Henry C. Nethelon, deceased. Five children, all boys, were born to them--Weldon, John Ralph, James Bates, Clay, and Stanton, all of whom survive. The father of Mr. Henley was Jesse Clark Henley, formerly of the state of Tennessee. His mother was Jane Eveline, daughter of Mathew B. Hooper, of Banks county. She died in Murray county in 1881. Mr. Henley is a stanch democrat, active and prominent in councils of his party, and in recognition of his talents, he is frequently chosen representative of Pickens county at state conventions. Mr. Henley is a royal arch Mason, and a' member of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows. Since December, 1891, he has been worshipful master of Pickens Star lodge, No. 220.

LI ARDY RHYNE, a prominent business man of Jasper, Pickens Co., was born at Walesca, Cherokee Co., March 13, 1861. He received a common school educa
tion in Cherokee county, and in 1884 established the first newspaper published in Pickens county, "The Mountain Boys." In September, 1886, he was admitted to the bar at Canton, Cherokee Co. During the year 1887 he resided at Dallas, Tex. In February, 1888, he located permanently in Jasper, and is at present engaged in constructing and building, and in manufacturing building supplies. In January, 1889, Mr. Rhyne was elected mayor of Jasper, and was again elected to that office in 1891. In 1892 he was chosen a member of the board of education, and still continues to discharge the duties of that position. For three years he served as justice of the peace, during which term of service, he rendered efficient aid to the state, in enforcing the law against a band of outlaws engaged in committing the crime of arson, and kindred.offenses in Pickens county. Mr. Rhyne is an active member of the Universalist church. He also belongs to the order of Odd Fellows, and he is one of the stockholders in the Columbus Building and Loan association. During the late war his father served as lieutenant in the Forty-third Georgia regiment. The father of Mr. Rhyne is James A. Rhyne, who was bom in Habersham county, Ga., Nov. 27, 1834. His mother is Mary E., daughter of James Hardy, of Virginia. She was born in Lincoln county, N. C, Oct. 25, 1840. Her grandfather served in the New York volunteer service in the war of 1812, and died while in the service. The parents of Mr. Rhyne are still living, and reside at Jasper. He is the oldest of six living children: Dr. Lester A. Rhyne, a practicing physician at Atlanta; William Walter, a mechanic, residing at Jasper; Eugene, Cecil Guy, and Carl Hbyl, all of Jasper. Mr. Rhyne belongs to a family noted for longevity. He has seen eight of his grandmothers, representing the paternal and maternal branches of his family. Mr. Rhyne is one of the leading citizens of Jasper, active, energetic, and enterprising. His character for integrity and fair dealing in all of his business transactions stands high among his townsmen, and he has done much to promote the material welfare of Jasper and its people.

JOHN FREDERICK SIMMONS, of Jasper, Pickens Co., was born at Jasper Aug. I, 1857, where he was reared and received his primary education. At the
age of eighteen he entered the agricultural college, at Dahlonega, Ga., where he pursued a course of study. After leaving college he taught school in Pickens county for two terms. He next engaged in mercantile business in Ludville, which he conducted for three years; and for a time he represented mercantile houses in Georgia, as a traveling salesman. In 1887 he was chosen a member of the board of education of Pickens county, in which capacity he served for upwards of one year, when he resigned. In January, 1889, Mr. Simmons was elected clerk of the superior court, and county treasurer of Pickens county, as a democrat--the two offices, by a special act of the legislature having been united in one. After a warm and spirited contest he was chosen by a majority of 110 votes over E. J. Coffey,

682

MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

republican, in a county usually controlled by that party. For two years he con

tinued to discharge the duties of his office with skill and fidelity, and to the entire

satisfaction of the public. In January, 1891, he was again elected to discharge the

duties of his office with skill and fidelity, and to the entire satisfaction of the

satisfaction of the public. In January, 1891, he was again elected by a majority of

800 votes, being the largest vote ever polled in Pickens count}- by any candidate,

",

and the largest majority ever received by a candidate in that county, showing fully

/'

that his popularity as a factor in Pickens county politics is unsurpassed. At the



end of his second term he was appointed to the office of United States commissioner

\

for the northern district of Georgia, by Hon. \V. T. Xeuman, district judge, which

j

office he still continues to hold, and the duties of which he discharges with marked

>

ability, and universal satisfaction. He has many times represented his party as a

delegate to state and congressional conventions, and is an ardent friend and sup

porter of Hon. F. C. Tate, representative in congress from the ninth district, who

was the schoolmate and playmate of his boyhood. Since early youth, Mr. Sim-

mons has been an active and conscientious member of the Methodist church.

'

south. He is a man of temperate habits and domestic tastes, has never tasted

intoxicating liquors, and has been for many years a zealous worker in the cause

of temperance, and in endeavoring to promote the moral welfare of the community



in which he resides. On Xov. 20, 1879, Mr. Simmons was united in marriage to

Miss Ella Forrester, of Pickens county, daughter of Francis and Ann H. For

rester. Eight children have been born of this marriage--four boys and four girls--

seven of whom survive. Mr. Simmons' father was W. H. Simmons, born in Pike

county, Ga., in April, 1824, and who settled at Jasper in 1856. He was a well-known

.

member of the Georgia bar, and served as ordinary of Pickens county for sixteen

years. During the years 1878 and 1879, ne represented the forty-first senatorial

i

district in the general assembly. He was also school commissioner of Pickens

county for several years. For many years he was a prominent member of the

I

masonic fraternity, and for twenty-five years he was superintendent of the M. E.



Sunday-school, at Jasper. He died at Jasper Jan. 31, 1891, at the age of sixty-

I

seven. Pickens county has had but few officials whose public acts and private life

'

merited and received stronger indorsement and commendation than the record of

1

W. H. Simmons has received. The mother of Mr. Simmons is the daughter ol

I

Beverly Alien, of Forsyth county, where she was born May 26, 1820. She is still

living in her old age at Jasper, a devoted member of the Methodist church, in

which communion she has been a zealous worker during the chief portion of her

life. She lives among her children at Jasper, who have grown up to honor and

i

bless her. Mr. Simmons lives surrounded by his family, and in perfect harmony

i

with his neighbors and numerous friends. By careful management and business

i

tact, he has acquired a reasonable competence, and lives in the full enjoyment of

the independence which that secures to him.

AMUEL TATE, deceased, farmer and trader, formerly of Pickens county. Ga., was a son of John I. Tate, and was born in Franklin county, Ga., May 25, 1797.
His father was born in county of Londonderry, Ireland, May 4,1758, whence, when a child seven or eight years old, he came to this country with his parents, who settled first in Virginia, but afterward came to Georgia and settled in Franklin county. He moved to Cherokee county January, 1835, and was one of the first settlers of the county. Later, he moved to Gilmer county, Ga., and died in Ellijay Dec. 28, 1838. Samuel Tate grew to manhood on the farm in Franklin county, and then went to the gold fields, in what is now Lumpkin, Gilmer Co., and contiguous counties, but he made farming his leading pursuit. However, being in the line of travel between the west and the south Atlantic coast, and the

'V
S. TATK.

STEPHEN C. TATE.
1

PICKENS COUNTY SKETCHES.

683

country being sparsely settled, his home became a general stopping-place for stock
drovers, prospectors, and travelers generally, and he naturally drifted into trading
in stock and land. During the war of 1812. when a boy fifteen years of age, he drove a team; and during the late civil war he was captain of a company in the Twenty-third Georgia regiment. He served but a short time, however, as he was
taken sick, resigned and came home. In 1857 he represented Pickens county in the general assembly. Mr. Tate was married March 26, 1822, to Miss Mary, daughter of Caleb and Julia Griffith, of Habersham county, in which she was
born--March 20, 1804. Mr. Griffith, who was of English extraction, was born in Maryland, and came to Georgia when a young man. Mr. and Mrs. Tate were the parents of seven children--four sons and three daughters--of whom three survive: Stephen C, and William, now living in Pickens county, and sketches of whom appear in these Memoirs, and Mrs. Jane S. Davis, born Aug. 13, 1830, living in Walker county, Ga. Mr. Tate died Sept. 20, 1866, and Mrs. Tate. who was a member of the Baptist church, died June 16, 1886.

CTEPHEN C. TATE, an old and esteemed resident of Pickens county, and a well-known business man, was born in Lumpkin county, Ga., June 9,1832, and
moved with his parents to Cherokee county, in January, 1835. ^ *ne aSe f
twenty he visited California, where for a brief period he was engaged in mining. After an absence of eighteen months he returned to his home in Pickens county,
where he remained until 1855, when he moved to Cartersville, at which place he conducted a flourishing and prosperous mercantile business, and
erected a mill on the Etowah river. During the war he entered the state troops of Georgia. In 1863 he was appointed agent at Etowah station, on the Western & Atlantic railroad, in which capacity he served for a short time. He
next moved to Taylor county, Ga., where he refugeed during the remainder of the war; he then returned to his old homestead in Pickens county, and engaged in farming. Mr Tate is one of the owners of the plant of the Georgia Marble com
pany, located near the station of Tate, on the Marietta & North Georgia railroad. He is also a stockholder and director in that company, and a director in, and
vice-president of the Kennesaw Marble company. These quarries were opened in 1884, and the capital invested in their development has yielded liberal profits to the
stockholders. The product of the quarries near Tate is of three, varieties--a darkcolored stone, known as Creole marble; the Etowah marble, which is of a pink shade, and the Cherokee, a white marble. The Kennesaw marble is a white marble of excellent quality. The companies have an active market for the product of these
quarries throughout the United States. Air. Tate was married in 1857 to Eliza D. Buffington, of Griffin, Ga. Nineteen children were born of this marriage, of whom ten survive. Mrs. Tate died in 1889. Mr. Tate is a royal arch Mason, and a
charter member of the Canton lodge, Knights of Honor; and he has been post
master at Tate since 1883. He is a man of very high character, and among his numerous acquaintances and friends, he is respected and admired for his many
fine qualities of both head and heart. In the various business transactions in which he is daily engaged, his word is considered equivalent to his bond.

IWl AJ. WILLIAM TATE, of Tate, in the county of Pickens, was born in Lumpkin county July 15, 1827. In 1835 he moved, with his parents, to Pickens county,
where he now resides, then known as Cherokee county. On the organization of
Pickens county, in March, 1854, he was elected the first clerk of the superior court of that county, in which capacity he served during eight consecutive years. In 1863 he entered the Confederate service, as captain of Company K, First Georgia

J

684 ___ __

MEMOIRS OP GEORGIA.

state troops, and later was transferred to Stovall's brigade. In 1864 he was pro moted to rank of major. He was present and engaged at the siege of Atlanta, and
fought in the battle of Jonesborough. At the close of the war he returned to his
home and engaged in farming. Maj. Tate is one of the leasers of the land on which is located the Georgia Marble company. The extent of this marble bed is
about two miles in length by one-half in width. In 1854 Maj. Tate was married to Miss Mary Bird, dartjhter of Thomas Bird, of Gordon county, and formerly of Hall county. Six children survive as the fruit of this marriage. Hon. Parish
Carter Tate, of Jasper, at present a member of congress from the ninth congressional
district of Georgia, who was born in November, 1858. He served three successive
terms in the house of representatives of the legislature of Georgia, and in the fall of 1892 he was elected to the fifty-third congress, as a democrat Dr. William Bird Tate, born Jan. 25, 1839, 's now a practicing physician at Tate. Dr.W. B. Tate is a graduate of the Augusta Medical college. Philip May Tate, born Aug. 31, 1865, is at present engaged in mercantile business at Tate. A daughter, Mary (Mrs. R. M. Holland, mayor of Marietta), was born June 3,1868. Mattie (Mrs. Edward M. Cole, Xoonan. Coweta Co.), was born June 22,1871, and Stella, at present a student at the Wesleyan Female college, Macon, was born June 14,1876. The father of Maj. Tate was Col. Samuel Tate, born in 1797, near Curahee mountain, Franklin county, Ga., where he was raised. He married Mary Griffith, daughter of Caleb
Griffith, of Banks count}-. After his marriage he moved to Lumpkin county, and later to what is now Pickens county, where he located on the land now occupied by the Georgia Marble company, and engaged in farming during the remainder of
his life. He was an active, upright and conscientious man, highly esteemed by a
large circle of acquaintances. Before the war he served one term in the senate of Georgia, representing Pickens county. At the commencement of the war he organized a company, of which he was made captain. His company was assigned
to the Forty-third Georgia, in Colquitfs brigade. Owing to old age and ill health, he was honorably discharged from the service at Yorktown, Va. Returning to his home, he died in 1866, surrounded by his family, and mourned by all who knew him. The mother of Maj. Tate, survived her husband, and died at the family homestead. His grandfather was a native of Ireland.

ALBERT LEE TURNER, of Jasper, Pickens Co., was born May 10, 1871, near Gumming, Forsyth Co., Ga. He received his early education at the common
schools in Forsyth county. At the age of sixteen he removed with his parents to Jasper, where he attended the Kirby institute for a period of three years, during
a portion of which time he was employed in the office of the "Pickens County Herald." In January, 1892, at the age of nineteen, Mr. Turner became editor and publisher of the paper and has successfully continued the publication of that journal. The "Herald" is a weekly newspaper and is the organ of the demo cratic party in Pickens county. The active and aggressive policy which is a marked feature of this publication, has secured for it an extensive circulation in northern Georgia. Mr. Turner is one of the youngest members of the Georgia
Weekly Press association, to which he has belonged for three years. In April, 1893, his services as an active and enthusiastic member of the democratic party received just recognition in his appointment to the office of postmaster at Jasper, the duties of which he continues to discharge conscientiously and successfully and to the satisfaction of the people of Jasper and the surrounding country. The father of Mr. Turner is James Madison Turner, and his mother is Sarah M. Turner, daughter of Beverly Alien, of Forsyth county. Both his father and mother are natives of Georgia and reside at Jasper. Mr. Turner is a young man of agree-

I

PIERCE COUNTY SKETCHES.

685

able manners, and for whom there is every evidence of a bright and promising
future in store. Few men of his age possess the confidence of the people of Pickens county to a greater extent than Mr. Turner. He is a nephew of the late W. H. Simmons, who was ordinary of Pickens for fourteen years.

PIERCE COUNTY.
A DMIRAL LA COUNT RAVENAL AVANT, physician, Patterson, Pierce Co., Ga., son of Dr. Don R. W. and Moselle (Donaldson) Avant, was born in
Bullock county, Ga., Jan. 7, 1857. He is of French ancestry, his grandfather having come from France to this country about the beginning of this century. His father was a physician of considerable prominence and influence. Dr. Avant was educated at the common schools of the county and grew to manhood on the "home place." His father having died when he was thirteen years old, he re mained with his mother until he was nineteen years of age, when he engaged in saw-milling, which he continued until 1881, when he moved to Patterson and engaged in a general merchandise business, which he continued until 1889. That year he began the study of medicine, and in 1890-91 attended lectures in Baltimore, Md. He completed his medical studies at the Atlanta Medical col lege, from which he was graduated in March, 1893. He located soon afterward in Patterson, and has established a good practice, which is steadily increasing, as well as an enviable reputation for skill in his profession. He is the leading physician in the county, with exceptionally brilliant prospects for the future. He is a member of the Georgia Medical association and for many years was post master and express agent, and was the first mayor of Patterson, refusing reelection. Dr. Avant was married Jan. 6, 1881, to Miss America, daughter of Rev. John and Eliza (Aspenwall) Donaldson, the fifth born of thirteen children. Mr. Donaldson was the first sheriff of Pierce county, and was also the first sena tor elected from the county to the general assembly after its organization as a county in 1857. Two daughters, aged respectively nine and eleven years, have been born to them: Maud M. and Carrie Irene. He is a devoted member of the Primitive Baptist church, of which he is an ordained minister, and has served as pastor of several churches in the Allapaha River association.
JESSE CONE BREWER, D. D. S., Blackshear, Pierce Co., Ga., second son of Jesse and Georgia (Cone) Brewer, was born in Hinesville, Liberty Co., Ga.,
Feb. 17, 1859. His paternal grandfather was a native of South Carolina, who migrated to Georgia and settled in Liberty county. His father was reared on the farm and followed farming all his life. He served the county as clerk of the superior court many years, filled the office of tax collector and in 1882 was elected to represent the county in the general assembly. He enlisted in the Confederate, service and served as a lieutenant during the entire war. Dr. Brewer was edu cated in Hinesville and graduated from the Bradwell institute there in July, 1879. He then attended the Baltimore Dental college, from which he graduated in March, 1883, and soon afterward located in his native place. Early in 1885 he removed to Blackshear, which has since been his home. He has enjoyed an ex cellent and extensive practice, ranks among the foremost in his profession for learning and skill, and has been remarkably successful financially, particularly by judicious investments in real estate. Besides his own elegant residence and office

686

MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

he owns a half-score or more tenement houses in Blackshear, and an interest in a large and valuable tract of land in Liberty county. He has been a member of the city council a number of years, and is at present mayor pro tern. Dr. Brewer
was married May 31, 1883, to Miss Ida, daughter of Henry J. and Louisa (English) Blitch, of Ellabell, Bryan Co., Ga., who was a farmer and served as a private through the late civil war. This union has been blessed with four chil dren--one daughter and three sons: Jennie, Lawton, Jesse and Remer. The doctor is a prominent member of the Georgia Dental society, a stanch and ardent democrat, though not a politician; a Knight of Pythias, and a member of the Methodist church, of which he is a trustee.

EDWARD B. CHAMBERS, telegraph operator, Patterson, Pierce Co., Ga.,
was born in Florida, Oct. 3, 1867, and was the youngest son of C. C. and Mary
E. (Thomas) Chambers. At an early age he located in Patterson, where he at tended the common schools and secured an education. He was married June 25, 1891, to Miss A. Boggs. Two children have been born to bless this union. Mr. and Mrs. Chambers are consistent and exemplar}- members of the Methodist church, in whose affairs and advancement the}' take an active part. Mr. Cham bers is connected with the Savannah, Florida & Western R. R., and is one of the leading citizens of Patterson. In politics he is a strong democrat. He is one of the progressive young men of the south, and has a bright future before him. The family home is a nice residence in Patterson, and in addition Mr. Chambers
owns valuable property in Florida.

UENRY HYERS. merchant, Patterson, Pierce Co., Ga., son of Joseph and Hester (Howard) Hyers, was born in Ware (now Pierce) county, March 19,
1850. His father was a well-to-do farmer, for many years a justice of the inferior court and also served as a private soldier in the civil war. Mr. Hyers remained on the home farm until he was twenty-three years of age, when he went on a farm and commenced farming on his own account. He continued this until about
1885, when he moved to Patterson and engaged in general merchandising, in which he has continued with success and prosperity. He is now preparing to enlarge and extend his business by receiving as a partner Mr. A. P. Brantley, a bright and enterprising business man of varied experience--merchandising, cotton and cotton-seed manipulating, grist-milling, rice-cleaning, etc., etc. Both members of the proposed firm are popular, clear-headed, far-sighted and enter prising, and have the confidence of the people. Mr. Hyers has been a justice
of the peace, a member of the board of education for a number of years, and has represented Pierce county in the general assembly. Mr. Hyers was married in 1873 to Miss Nancy, daughter of Isaac and Nellie (Touchstone) Carter. He is
a democrat and a member of the masonic fraternity.

UENRY AUGUSTIXE M'DOXOUGH. merchant, Patterson. Pierce Co., Ga., son of John and Mary (Brown) McDonough, was born in Augusta, Ga.,
Aug. 6, 1847. His father was Ixtrn in Ireland, but when he was three months old his parents emigrated to this country and settled in Philadelphia. After receiving his education he entered a machine shop, where he remained until he became a skilled machinist. Some years later he came south and settled in Augusta, and embarked in the saw-milling business. In the early fifties he made several visits to Atlanta, and later in life went to Florida for his health, where he died in 1884. He was a man of fine business judgment and capacity, enter prising, and possessed marked mechanical ingenuity. He built the Bijou theater

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on Eighth street, Philadelphia, which is still owned by the estate. The first locomotive built in Georgia, the "Native/* was built by him; it was some years since consigned to the scrap pile. During the unpleasantness he sawed timber for the Confederate government. Mr. McDonough was educated in Atlanta, and remained at home until the spring of 1863. April 19 of that year he left Atlanta and started for Philadelphia, walking when he could. At Shelbyville, Tenn., himself and a young companion went to Mrs. Gen. Bragg, and pretending that they had a sick mother within the Union lines so wrought upon her womanly sympathies that she prevailed on a teamster to take them through the lines; and they went through, secreted among sacks of grain--Mrs. Bragg bestowing a parting kiss when she bade them "good-bye." He spent two days in Shelbyville, four in Franklin, one each in Nashville and Louisville, and three in Cincinnati, reaching Philadelphia on May 4. He remained in that city about two years, working where he could get employment--first in a steam bakery, then with dealers and manufacturers of lamps and chandeliers, then bone carving and saw ing, etc. In 1864 he left Philadelphia on a vessel for home but was shipwrecked. After being in the water five hours with the cook and a sick man, the part}' was rescued by the United States pilot-boat Bermuda, which conveyed them to the receiving ship Vermont, on board which they remained two weeks. The com mander was anxious to educate him, but he declined and returned to Philadelphia, and from there he went to City Point, Va.. where he engaged as a mule driver and remained until after the surrender, when he marched to Washington and was in the ranks at the last general review. He afterward went to Philadelphia, where he staid about three months, and then took steamer via Savannah to Augusta, where his father then was. He there entered a machine shop as an apprentice; and later went to Savannah and worked at his trade in connection with a man named Ballentinc under the firm name of McDonough & Ballentine. Subsequently he went to what is now old Waycross, and engaged in saw-milling.
He continued this four or five years, and then moved to the line of the East Tennessee, Virginia & Georgia railway. In 1873 he commenced merchandising on the Brunswick & Albany railway just below Waycross, and finally built the third store in the town and moved into it. Receiving a stroke of paralysis he closed out, and went to Hot Springs, Ark., thence to the Centennial at Phila delphia, after which he returned home and re-engaged in saw-milling in connec tion with general merchandising. He then for about seven years ran_a;.locomotive, after which he again re-embarked in merchandising--this time at~Patterson. where he conducts the leading store, and is doing a large business: also' conduct ing a hotel and livery stable and very extensive farming operations, all with the usual profitable results. He has profitably employed his leisure time in dealing in real estate. Mr. McDonough has been twice married. He was first married to Miss Catharine Meyer, Dec. I, 1871, by whom he had two children. His second marriage, March i, 1880, was to Miss Mary E., daughter of Kinchen and Helen Hilliard, of Coffee county, Ga., who has borne him five children--three sons and two daughters: Frank H., Mar}- E.. Edward B., Ella E., George W. He is a democrat, and a member of the Missionary Baptist church.
CBENEZER STARNES M'GEE, farmer, Patterson, Pierce Co., Ga., was born in Screven county, Ga., April 16, 1849. His parents were born in North
Carolina--the father on the Pedee river, near the South Carolina line, and the mother above Wilmington. They came to Georgia and settled in Screven county, where his father served the public as blacksmith, wheelwright and buggy-builder; and, because of his marked practical ability and judgment, became a prominent citizen, and was called to responsible positions. He was a good farmer, served

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MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

as a justice of the inferior court, was administrator of a large number of estates; and in a quiet way, without special reading or preparation, practiced medicine and surgery. He died about the beginning of the late war, in April, 1861. Mr.
McGee remained at home until he attained his majority, when he engaged as sawyer at a saw-mill, and afterward was in the employ of the Savannah, Florida & Western railway as a locomotive engineer. His family moved to Patterson in 1880, and four years later he settled there permanently, embarked in a general
merchandise business in connection with a farm and grist-mill and cotton-ginnery on a large basis. He is a progressive fanner, enterprising, and stands well with the community. His farming operations are restricted mostly to food products.
He has been a member of the council, and notary public, and a member of the county board. Mr. McGee was married Dec. 20, 1872, to Miss Susan Anna, daughter of Rev. John and Eliza (Aspinwall) Donaldson, by whom he has had
nine children, of whom one son and four daughters survive: Minnie M., Mary E., Ida, Ivy, and John S. His wife's father was a prominent farmer; a private soldier in the Confederate army; represented the county in the general assembly; and
was a revered and influential minister of the Primitive Baptist church. Mr. McGee is a stanch member of the democratic party.

JAMES EDWARD OVERSTREET, physician, Overman, Pierce Co., Ga., son of George Martin Troup and Caroline (Surrency) Overstreet, was born in
Appling county, Ga., March 2Q, 1871. His father is a large landowner and a prominent and extensive turpentine distiller, and producer of naval stores; and conducts very large planting interests. During the late civil war he commanded
a company in the Confederate army. Dr. Overstreet received his primary and preparatory education at the common and other schools of the county, and after
studying medicine attended lectures at the Southern Medical college, Atlanta, from which he was graduated in March, 1893. He located at Overman, and has already gained a large and remunerative practice in Pierce, Wayne, and Appling counties. Few young physicians have done better for the short time
he has been practicing--few have brighter prospects. Dr. Overstreet is public spirited and takes great interest in everything calculated to promote the advance ment of the community, with which he is thoroughly identified.

F)ANIEL J. WALKER, merchant-farmer, Patterson, Pierce Co., Ga., son of John and Mary (Underbill) Walker, was born in Ware (now Pierce) county,
May n, 1847. His father was a farmer, enlisted as a private during the war
between the states, was captured in Virginia, and died while a prisoner at Elmira, N. Y. Mr. Walker was raised on the farm and received a common school educa
tion. When twenty years of age he commenced farming for himself, and still makes that his principal life-pursuit. In January, 1891, he engaged with Mr.
Henry Hyers in the mercantile business, whom he bought out in 1894, and now
conducts his store, in connection with a fine 6o-acre farm, managing all with tact, good judgment and success, and is regarded as one of the leading fanners of the community. He has been a road commissioner, a school trustee, and a member of the board of education, and is now an alderman of the town. Mr. Walker was
married Oct. 4, 1866, to Miss Ollie, daughter of John R. and Evaline (Hyers) Davis, of Pierce county, by whom he has had eleven children--six sons and five daughters--all of whom, except three, are at home: Lawton, Omar W., Eva S.,
John R., Mary E., Mittie L., Daniel R., James E., Marie G., Freddie L., and Anna E. He is a firm and consistent democrat, but not a politician.

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PIKE COUNTY.
J. H. BAKER, of Zebulon, was born in .Warren county, Ga., Aug. 7, 1824, and is the son of Jonathan and X'ancy (Wynn) Baker. Jonathan Baker was a member of the state legislature from 1830 to 1836, and was colonel in the state militia up to 1836. Col. J. H. Baker was educated in Pike county and has devoted his life to farming, now residing on his plantation three miles north west of Zebulon. Col. Baker did good service in the Mexican war, enlisting with Capt. Sargent,- Company I, First regiment of Georgia volunteers, commanded by Col. Henry R. Jackson, of Savannah. At the breaking out of the civil war Col. Baker was one of the first to offer his services and helped organize the first company that was sent to the war from Pike county. He was elected captain of the company, Company A, Thirteenth Georgia volunteer regiment. He entered the service July 8, 1861, and received promotion to major, then lieutenant-colonel, and was aftenvard made colonel of the regiment in 1863. He was a brave officer and' loved by his command. He was in many engagements, the most severe of all being the battle of the Wilderness, or the seven days' fight before Richmond. He was wounded six times during the war and severely wounded the last day of the fight before Petersburg. He was captured at Gettysburg and was carried to Johnson's island after being in close confinement for two weeks at Fort Delaware. He was exhanged in 1864 and joined his command the same month, May 12. Since the war Col. Baker has been actively engaged in farming. He was elected .to the legislature in 1870 and was chairman of the committee on military. He was elected to the senate in 1880. He is a member of the Baptist church, and was married Jan. 29, 1848, to Miss Louisa A. Trice, daughter of Rev. T. C. Trice, by whom he has nine children: Martha Y., Jonathan T., Wm. H., Edgar E., Laura, Fannie, J. Davis, Maud and Lillie. The two youngest are living in At lanta, one, Wm. H., in Griffin and the others are residents of this county.
)R. J. C. BEAUCHAMP. Prominent in state and county politics and skilled in the science of medicine and surgery, is Dr. J. C. Beauchamp, of William-
son, Pike county. He was born in Troup county, Ga., Oct. 23, 1851, and is the son of W. W. and Sarah E. (Davis) Beauchamp, the father being a well-known citizen and farmer, and for years was justice of the peace. Dr. J. C. Beauchamp was educated in the common schools of Meriwether county and came to Pike county in 1861. He was a prominent teacher in the county for many years and then was graduated from the Southern Medical college, Atlanta, winning the gold medal in clinical and operative surgery in a class of thirty-seven. The doctor is active in politics, being an influential democrat; has been chairman of the demo cratic county committee, and represented the county in the general assembly in 1883-84. In the latter capacity he exhibited excellent qualifications for a law maker and did valuable work on several important committees. Dr. Beauchamp is an enthusiast in the cause of education, and believes in liberal provision for the intellectual training of the country's youth. His zeal led the people of his county tp elect him to the board of education of his county, of which he is now president. Dr. Beauchamp was too young to enter the Confederate service, yet when the Vet erans' association of Pike county was organized his well-known sentiments of honor and reverence for those who wore the gray caused him to be placed on the committee on history. He is also interested in mercantile business in Williamson,
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MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

which he has conducted with good business judgment He is a member of the Methodist church and is one of WiUiamson's citizens who is respected by every
body. Dr. Beauchamp was married in 1871 to Ella Gregg, of Pike county, by whom he had seven children: Myntie, Choghan, Eula, Walter, Rosa, Ruby and
Paul. The oldest two daughters are graduates of the La Grange Female college and are now teachers in the Williamson high school.

R EV. J. W. BECK One of tne most distinguished educators in the state and a learned and brilliant gentleman, is the Rev. James W. Beck, of Concord, Pike
Co., Ga. He was born in Wilkes county, Ga., Oct. 23, 1831, and is the son ot Rev. T. J. Beck, a native of Ashland, N. C, and one of the most noted Baptist ministers in the south. Rev. T. J. Beck was born in 1805, and deprived of the advantages of an early education, succeeded by indefatigable efforts in surmount ing all obstacles and preparing his talented mind for a work which has not been surpassed in the history of the church. He preached his last sermon at Richmond, Va., in 1862, and died that year. Rev. J. W. Beck, who in bis youth accom panied his father when on the round of his ministerial duties, was educated up and down the valleys of Georgia, and attended Mercer university in 1857-8-9. His life has been identified with the cause of education and devoted to the service of the church. He was president of the Bowdon college from 1878 to 1883, and president of Jackson, Butts Co., Ga., institute from 1884 to 1890. He entered the service of the Confederacy at the opening of the war, enlisting in Company B, Second regiment, Georgia volunteers, as a private soldier. He was afterward elected captain of Company K, Forty-fourth Georgia regiment, and was made major of the regiment for meritorious service on the field. He was promoted to the rank of lieutenant-colonel for bravery at the battle of Gettysburg. He then commanded the Forty-fourth Georgia regiment till the end of the war, and
was in all the battles around Richmond, at Fredericksburg with the Second Army corps and at Chancellorsville with Jackson. He with 400 men, having 360 muskets, marched 5,641 Union prisoners taken at the battle of Chancellorsville, to Richmond, Va., in one week. Rev. Beck is a royal arch Mason and for three years was state lecturer for the Farmers' alliance. He was married in 1853 * Margaret Willis, of Meriwether county, by whom he has three children: Marcus W., the present judge of the Flint circuit court; Lenore Beck, president of the Capital Female college at Atlanta and also president of the Woman's Press asso ciation of Georgia, and Walter L., business manager of the Griffin Wheel com pany, of Chicago. All are graduates of colleges and bright in mental accom
plishments.
THOMAS J. BLASINGAME, ordinary of Pike county, was born in Monroe county, April 5,1840, and is die son of Wyatt and Susan (Adams) Blasingame,
1x>th natives of South Carolina. Thomas J. came with his parents to Upson count}' in 1852, and his father lived to the remarkable age of ninety years. The son was educated in the private schools and began teaching school in Talbot county in 1860, and taught in Pike county in 1861. In October, 1861, he entered the Confederate service and served until the war closed in 1865, during which time he lost an arm. From 1867 till 1873 ne was a teacher in the public schools of Pike county. In 1873 ^e was elected ordinary to fill the unexpired term of Robert S. Eppenger, and was elected for the succeeding full term. In 1885-86 he was receiver of tax returns. In July, 1889, he was elected clerk of the superior court to fill the unexpired term of D. C. Hightower, and was elected for two con secutive terms, serving til! January, 1895. In January, 1895, he was again elected

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691

ordinary of Pike county to fill the unexpired term of Rev. Harry Wells. Mr. Blasingame was married Aug. 28, 1864, to Miss Celia Ann Adams, by whom he has five children, the eldest, James C. Blasingame, being president of the Jackson institute at Jackson, Ga. The other children are Jessie M., Sallie, Thomas R. and Dudley. Mr. Blasingame is a member of the Missionary Baptist church and belongs to the fraternal order of Knights of Honor. He is one of the most pop ular citizens of Pike county. J OHN N. BROOKS, of Molena, was born in Monroe county in June, 1844, and
is the son of Ivy and Harriet Brooks. Mr. Ivy Brooks was a native of South Carolina and a relative of Preston S. Brooks, the Palmetto state's eminent states man. The elder Brooks died in 1854, and the son of John N. received his educa tion at Bowdon and Mercer colleges; the former located in Carroll county and the latter then located at Pennfield. He devoted his time to teaching until 1887, since when he has been railroad agent at Molena and a farmer of extensive lands near the town. He is a member of and deacon in the Baptist church, and has been superintendent of the Sabbath school for a number of years. He is a Mason and belongs to Zebulon lodge No. 13. He was married in 1868 to Rosa L. Park, and after her death was again married to Ella F. Willis, daughter of Rev. C. C. Willis, of Muscogee county, one of the oldest Baptist ministers in the state, and who was pastor of one church for fifty-two years. By Mr. Brooks' first marriage the following children were born: W. P., Jessie L., Rosa Belle, Hattie and Annie. The second set of children are: Mattie May and John Willis. Mr. W. P. Brooks is married and is railroad agent at Helena, Ga. Jessie L. is the wife of R. S. Fuller and lives at Shiloh, Harris Co. 7ACH. LAWRENCE, farmer, Molena, Pike Co., Ga., son of James H. and
Amelia (Smith) Lawrence, was born in Upson county, Ga., in 1854. His grandparents on his father's side, Zachariah and Frances (Wicker) Lawrence, were North Carolinians, and came to Georgia and settled in Pike county about the time it was organized. He was a colonel of volunteers in the Mexican war. His father was born iu Pike county, is a large and prosperous farmer, was in the army during the war between the states, and is now the popular postmaster at Molena. His mother was a daughter of Elam and Sarah (Stevens) Smith, whose family was among the early settlers of Sumter county. Mr. Lawrence was reared and worked on a farm. He began life for himself with nothing, but has worked, and with success, for pecuniary independence. In 1877 he was united by marriage with Miss Ellen Hardy, born in Upson county in 1860, daughter of Thomas and Sarah (Chappel) Hardy. Mr. Hardy was a native of Upson county, enlisted in the Confederate army, and was killed during the war. The union of Mr. and Mrs. Lawrence has been blessed with six children, all living: Jeppie, Daisy, Clara, Carrie, Zach., Jesse A. Mrs. Lawrence is a member of the Baptist church. Mr. Lawrence is an ardent democrat and a much-esteemed citizen.

I J. LEE, farmer, Concord, Pike Co., was born in Monroe county, Ga., in March. 1827. His parents were Bryan and Sarah (Davis) Lee, who were devout
Christian people and members of the Baptist church. Bryan Lee was an old resident of Monroe county, and died in 1880, aged ninety-three years. Mr. J. J. Lee received his schooling in the old log school house of half a century ago. and adopted farming as his life occupation. For several years he was engaged in the mercantile business, but now resides on his farm, where in the closing days of his well-spent life he finds ease and contentment in the company of his loving family. Mr. Lee is an unassuming old gentleman who can look back upon a long career

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MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

without a pang of regret or a tremor in his conscience. Of a sunny disposition, a kind and sympathetic heart, liberal in purse, and of a broad and considerate mind, he has the love of everyone, and if he has an enemy in the world nobody
knows it. Mr. Lee has been a member of the Baptist church for more than forty years, and is, by a noble example as well as by theory, a strict temperance man. Mr. Lee was married Jan. 3, 1850, to Elizabeth McClendon, by whom he had two
children, J. H. and J. B. Lee. She also was a faithful member of the Baptist church. Mr. John H. Lee is living- in Concord, and is proprietor of the Lee hotel, and is also extensively engaged in farming.

I F. MADDEX, farmer and merchant, Concord, Pike Co., was born in this " county in June, 1841, and is the son of James SI. and Eliza B. (Mann) Madden. The elder Madden in his younger days was a merchant in Columbus, and after
ward was a justice of the peace in Pike county for twenty years, and tax collector for one term. He was a successful farmer and merchant He died in 1891 aged eighty-three years, leaving his property to his three children. J. F. Madden was
educated in Pike county, and at the breaking out of the war enlisted at Spalding in Company A, Twenty-second battalion, Georgia volunteers, and served through the war as a non-commissioned officer. He was in Savannah until the evacuation, and was severely wounded at the battle of Benlonville. After the close of the conflict he commenced teaching school in Pike county, and taught in the same
neighborhood where his father and grandfather had taught before him. Without any effort on his part he was elected to the legislature from Pike for the term 1886-87, and served with distinction on the committees on agriculture and educa tion. In 1867 Mr. Madison was married to Miss L. J. Irvin, by whom he has five children: \Yilliam F., J. B., L. O., M. L, and Benjamin Hill. All live in Pike
county. Two daughters are at college in Rome and J. B. Madden is teaching
school of Jenkensburgh, Butts Co.

1")R- J- B. MATHEWS, clerk of the superior court, Zebulon, Pike Co., was born in Oglethorpe county, Oct. 9, 1839. He is the son of Uel and Martha E.
(Chandler) Mathews. He was educated in Green and Heardcounties,and attended the Oglethorpe Medical college at Savannah. In 1861 he entered the Confederate
service, enlisting as a private in Company A, Thirteenth regiment, Georgia volunteers, and served until the close of the war, 1865. He was made captain of the company in 1864, and served in five general engagements, namely: Gaines
Mills, second battle of Manassas, Sharpsburg, Fredericksburg and Gettysburg.
He- was wounded five times in these bloody battles. Since the close of the war he has been engaged most of the time in teaching in the schools of Pike county. In January. 1895, he was elected clerk of the superior court, which position he
now fills. He represented Pike county in the legislature in 1877, and was a member of the county board of education for several years. He has been a member of the Missionary Baptist church for forty-three years and has belonged to the masonic lodge since the age of twenty-one. Dr. Mathews was married in
1865 to Mary E. Brooks, by whom he has had eight children. The eldest, Dr. W. J. Mathews. is a prominent young physician at Zetella, Spalding Co., Ga. The names of the other children are: Martha H. Carreker, Emma U., Charles B.,
Robert C, John M., Man,- E. and Sallie Lou, who is dead.

I A. STAFFORD, Barnesville, Pike Co., Ga., was born in Upson county, Ga., " in January, 1848, and is a son of Alvis and. Fannie (Gardner) Stafford. Alvis Stafford was a prominent merchant in Barnesville for forty years before his

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693

death, which occurred in July, 1888. Mr. J. A. Stafford was educated in the schools of Pike county and has made a success in merchandising; but has devoted most of his time to agriculture and fruit growing. He has large landed interests
in both Upson and Pike counties, including a large tract of land near the Rock, in the former county, which is a very eligible location for a. town site. It was formerly owned by Dr. Anderson, and with its natural advantages and natural facilities probably has no superior in the state. These railroads cross at this point, affording railroad transportation in any direction. There is a fine rock quarry near at hand for building, and plenty of water for manufacturing purposes. Mr. Stafford's intention is to sell this land in small tracts and build up a manufac turing town there. He is a member of the Methodist church and a member of several beneficial orders. He was married first in 1867, and after the death of his first wife he again married in 1882. He has three children: Frank A., Mary Ellen and Sam Stafford, all living in this county.

C T. WHITAKER, physician and surgeon, Molena, was born May 16, 1857, and is a son of Dr. William and Elizabeth (Harper) \Yhitaker, natives of
Georgia. Dr. William. Whitaker still practices medicine at Brooks station, Fayette Co. He distinguished himself during the war by his deeds of charity and his efficient professional service to soldiers' families. The grandfather of Dr. S. T. Whitaker was in the legislature for many terms and \vas a prominent man in the state's history. His maternal grandfather, Gov. Irwin, made his name famous while occupying the gubernatorial chair in 1796, by causing an investigation of the Yazoo fraud. Dr. Whitaker is a graduate of the Georgia Eclectic school at Atlanta, in the class of 1884, and practiced his profession for two years in that city, afterward moving to Molena. He is a member of the Baptist church, of the school board and town council, and is one of the leading citizens of the com
munity. In 1883 he was married to Mary L. Green, daughter of Dr. H. H. Green of Atlanta, by whom he has had four children: W. H., Thomas S., Elijah and Vassa Lenora. Dr. Whitaker stands high in his profession and in social circles, and enjoys the confidence of the people of Molena. He is a member of the National Eclectic Medical and the Georgia Eclectic Medical associations, and an honorary member of the Arkansas Eclectic Medical association.

POLK COUNTY.
JOSEPH A. BLANCE, lawyer, Cedartown, Polk Co., Ga., son of Joseph G. and Mary (Williams) Blance, was born in Savannah, Ga., June 20, 1838. Mr.
Blance's father was a merchant in Savannah at the time he was born, and late in life moved and settled on. a farm in Paulding county, where he lived until his death, which occurred in 1854. Mr. Blance enjoyed excellent educational advan tages during his boyhood; after which he entered Emory college, Oxford, Ga., where he remained until 1857. He then read law under Fielder & Broyles, Cedartown, and afterward attended the Lebanon law school at Lebanon, Tenn., from which he graduated in 1859. On his return from college he formed a partner ship with Col. James D. Waddell, Cedartown, Ga. March 4, 1861, he enlisted in the First Georgia regiment, and was commissioned as first lieutenant by Gov.

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MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

Joseph E. Brown. He was in all the battles around Richmond, and served in the army of northern Virginia under Gen. Lee. At the battle of Second Manassas he had the misfortune to lose his left arm. In 1865 he was appointed solicitorgeneral of the Tallapoosa circuit by Gov. Brown, and in 1872 was elected to rep resent the Thirty-eighth senatorial district in the general assembly. He has been very successful as a lawyer, stands high with the members of his profession, and has a large and valuable clientage. He is" acknowledged to be one of the ablest lawyers, and one among the best business men in northwest Georgia. Mr. Blance was married June 12,1866, to Miss Josephine, daughter of Maj. George W. and Matilda West of Polk county, Ga. Mr. Blance is a prominent member of the Missionary Baptist church, progressive in his views on all public ques tions, a leader in thought and action, and exercises a wide and beneficial influence.

CILAS I. COX, farmer, Rockmart, Polk Co., Ga., son of Zachariah and Grizzy Cox, was born in Upson county, Ga., June 10,1831. His parents were natives
of North Carolina, whence they came to Georgia by wagon early in the present century and settled in Upson count}-. They remained there until 1837, when they removed to Cass (now Bartow) county and settled on a farm. Air. Cox was raised and educated in Cass county, attending the common schools then taught in dirt floor log houses, with seats made of slabs, and the chimney of sticks and mud. He farmed and worked at the carpenter's trade until November, i86:r, when he enlisted in Company I, Fortieth Georgia regiment, and gallantly served through the entire war. With his command he was present at the protracted defense of Vicksburg, and participated in the battles at Franklin, Tenn.; at Resaca, Kennesaw Mountain, Ga, and other great battles, where he was con spicuous for his bravery and dash. He prides himself on having always led his command regardless of danger. In 1867 he moved to Rockmart, where he engaged in the hotel business, and in connection with it kept a livery and feed and sale stable. Afterward he conducted a general merchandise store in Rockmart, which he continued until 1891, when he turned his attention to farming. He is now one of the wealthiest citizens of Polk county--prominent and influential. Mr. Cox has been married three times: In 1856 he was married to Miss Lizzie, daughter of Robert and Mary Griffin of Hart county, Ga., by whom he had one child, Jackson. His second marriage was in 1867 to Miss Fanny McCrary, who died childless. His third wife was Miss Missouri Jones, daughter of Isaac Jones, who has borne him four children: Istalena, Nellie, Velena, and Ivanhoe. Mr. Cox is a valued and influential member of the Methodist church.

GILES WIXFIELD FEATHERSTON, merchant, Cedartown, Polk Co., Ga., son of L. H. and Mary Ann Featherston, was born in Heard county, Ga., June
10, 1842. His father v;as a lawyer, and early in life came from Maury county, Tenn., to Georgia, and settled in Heard county. In 1867 he removed to Newnan, Coweta Co., Ga.. where he continued the practice of his profession. In 1866 he was appointed judge of the Blue Ridge circuit and held the office four years. He was a prominent member of the constitutional convention of 1877. Mr. Featherston enjoyed excellent educational advantages--having attended good schools when a boy and youth, and subsequently graduating himself. In 1861 he enlisted in Company G, Capt. Joseph Brown, Heard county, Seventh Georgia regiment. This company was mostly composed of school boys connected with Franklin institute. Heard count}-. He was a participant in the first battle of Manassas, where he was shot through the left shoulder, which disabled him for

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05

service, and he was discharged. Before the war closed, however, he served with the state troops, and participated in the battles around Atlanta, and was finally assigned to duty in the ordnance department. In 1867 he left Heard county and came to Cedartown and engaged in merchandising, in which he was very suc cessful, and which he continued until 1884, when he embarked in the wholesale lumber and manufacturing business and a ginnery. Beginning life with nothing after the war he has by cautious enterprise and judicious investments accumu
lated quite a large and valuable property. He is governed by an intelligently progressive spirit on all lines, a promoter of all movements promising develop ment, and is a useful and much esteemed citizen. Mr. Featherston was married Jan. 16, 1868 to Miss Rosaline, daughter of E. H. and Mary C. (Jones) Rich ardson of Putnam county, Ga., who has borne him three children: Annie Estelle, Lucius Ernest, and Rosa May. Mr. Featherston is a master Mason, and a prominent member of the Presbyterian church.

WILLIAM T. GIBSON, merchant-capitalist, Cedartown, Polk Co., Ga., son of Henry and Jane T. (Ellington) Gibson, was born in Polk county, May 6,
1844. His father moved to Polk from Harris county, Ga., in 1843. ^ r- Gibson received a very good education, but the occurrence of the civil war prevented its completion as contemplated. In 1862 he enlisted in Winley's company, and with
it participated in the battles of Second Manassas and Sharpsburg. In the last named battle he was shot through the right lung, by which he was disabled for six months; but immediately on his recovery he rejoined his command, and was transferred to the Western cavalry, and was with it until the surrender, par ticipating in the battles of Resaca, New Hope church, in front of Atlanta, and numerous skirmishes. He started after the war with but little capital; but by enterprise, energy and industry, and judicious investments, he has accumulated quite a large property. He is now extensively and profitably engaged in farm ing, merchandising and the real estate business, and is one of the most financially solid men in Polk county. Mr. Gibson was married Sept. 24, 1867, to Miss Anna E., daughter of Jesse and Mary Crook of Jacksonville, Ala. They have two children by adoption: Jennie May, and William Ellington. Mr. Gibson is a con sistent and prominent member of the Missionary Baptist church.

\A7ILLIAM HENRY HINES, merchant, Rockmart, Polk Co., Ga., a son of James and Winiford Hines, was born in Meriwether county, Ga., Sept. 8,
1829. His father was born in Greene county, Ga., where he was reared a farmer
and as such lived and died. Mr. Hines was reared on the farm in Meriwether county, and was educated in the common schools of the county, taught in log cabins; but when he was eighteen years old he attended school at Longstreet, Ga.,
and obtained a good education. Returning home he farmed until the war
occurred. After the war he went to Jamestown, Texas, where he merchandised for fifteen months, and then returned to Meriwether county. He left that county and came to Rockmart, in 1871, where he established a large and profitable gen
eral merchandise business in which he is still engaged. He bad but little to begin life with, and has attempted nothing extraordinary; but he has been satisfactorily
successful, has accumulated a good property, and has an enviable reputation as
a business man and citizen. Mr. Hines was married Nov. r, 1855, to Miss Sarah E. Mitchell, who bore him two children: Carrie and Etta. Their mother having died in 1857, in 1872 he married Miss Xannie L. Battle, daughter of Lazanis Battle, by whom he has had one child, William L. Mr. Hines is a master Mason, and a member of the Missionary Baptist church.

696

MEMOIRS OP GEORGIA.

JSAAC X. JOXES, county school commissioner, Rockmart, Polk Co., Ga., son of Jesse P. and Temperance (Farrington) Jones, was born in Rockingham
count}-, X. C, Jan. 22, 1818. His father was born in Maryland, whence when a young man he went to Xorth Carolina, where he married his wife, who was North Carolina born. His parents migrated to Georgia and settled on a farm in De
Kalb county in 1835. Mr. Jones had the advantage of but little schooling, and that little \vas obtained under circumstances of great discomfort--dirt floor, log
house, puncheon seats and badly lighted. He worked on the farm and started in
life very poor--penniless. He was a soldier in the Florida war, going from De Kalb county. He moved to Polk count}- Dec. 31, 1838, where he settled on a farm, and has lived there since. He served four years as a justice of the peace,
also as justice of the inferior court, as tax collector of Polk county, and is at present county school commissioner. Although Mr. Jones commenced life so
poor, he has by hard work and economy acquired a fine property, and as one of the oldest and most reliable and most responsible citizens, commands the unre served respect and confidence of his fellow citizens. Mr. Jones has been married twice. In 1839 he was married to Miss Mary, daughter of Ephraim and Naomi
Thompson, of what is now Polk county, who bore him eleven children: Isaac X., Francis P.. Augustus \V., Ivy Franklin, Jessie E., Georgia Virginia, Caroline M., Martha, Western. Xaomi and James A. By his second marriage, in 1867, he had
eight children: John, Cora A.. Walter Phillips, Eugene R., Edgar M., Phantom Hill, Clifton Reese and Robert Lee. Polk county does not contain a more useful citizen or one more honored.

JOSEPH MAXSELL, farmer, Cedartown. Polk Co., Ga., son of James and Sarah (Johnson) Mansell, was born in South Carolina, Xov. 8, 1821. His
father was born and raised in Columbia, and his mother was born and raised in Greenville, S. C.. and they remained all their lives in their native state. Mr. Mansell received only such indifferent schooling as was to be obtained at the mde and uncomfortable log school houses of the times and locality. He began life
as a farmer with but little, came to Georgia and settled in Milton county when a young man, and afterward moved to Polk county, is now well-to-do, has a nice farm and home, and is regarded as one of the very best farmers in Polk county --having made a life-pursuit of the vocation. Xo citizen is more respected--none
held in higher esteem. Mr. Mansell was married in December, 1847, to Miss Yashti, daughter of Sargent and Aurelia Griffin. Pickens district, S. C., by whom he has had six children: William Henry, Lavinia, Sarah, Alice, Annis and Joseph E. Mr. Mansell is a consistent and revered member of the Baptist church.

DICHARD PHILPOT, farmer, Cedartown, Polk Co., Ga., son of William and
V Elizabeth (York) Philpot, was born in Carroll county, Ga., Xov. 15,1827. His parents, who had some means, not large, migrated from Tennessee to Georgia and settled in Paulding county, making the trip in wagons drawn by oxen. His
tather died in Paulding county in 1844, and his mother in 1850. Mr. Philpot's educational advantages were very limited, and what schooling he had was ob
tained in the old-time dirt floor log school house, with puncheon seats, etc. When the late war was precipitated he enlisted in the Confederate service, but after a few months' experience provided a substitute and was released. Starting with nothing after the war. he has acquired a fine estate, a competency, is a pro gressive and prosperous farmer, and is a most highly esteemed citizen. Mr. Philpot was married in 1859 to ^ iss Elizabeth, daughter of John and Sarah P.lackbum. of Haralson county. Ga., and to them fourteen children Jiave been

POLK COUNTY SKETCHES.

697

born: Alexander B., Charles C, Mary, William, Joseph H., Augustus Y., Minerva, Elizabeth, Fannie, Annie, David, Thomas, Seaborn and Jasper. His wife, born in 1844, died in 1888. He is an exemplary member of the Baptist church.

L- B- POVVELL, farmer, Cedartown, Polk Co., Ga., son of William R. and Sallie (Franklin) Powell, was born in Elbert county, Ga., Dec. 9, 1830. His father and family migrated from Virginia to Georgia and settled on a farm in
Elbert county early in this century. Mr. Powell received but little schooling, and that little in the uncomfortable dirt floor log school house with slab seats. He moved from Elbert to Haralson county, Ga., in 1861, where he remained seven years--until 1868---when he left there and settled on the farm in Polk county he
now owns and cultivates. From nothing he has become a prominent and influen
tial farmer. On account of physical disability he was exempt from military service during the late war between the states. Mr. Powell was married in 1850 to Miss Patience, daughter of Joel and Rachel Dyer, Elbert county, who lias borne him ten children: Vinie E., Mary J., William J., Lindsay M., Sallie, Martha H., Jona than P., Young E., Georgia M. and Anna. Mr. Powell is a zealous member of the Missionary Baptist church.

ILLIAM T. SIMPSON, farmer, Rockmart, Polk Co., Ga., son of Rev. W. W. and Allie (York) Simpson, was born in Polk county, Aug. 17, 1849. His father was born in North Carolina, and while a young man came to Georgia and settled at Van Wert, Polk Co., where for many years he carried on a general merchandise business. He was a zealous Methodist, of which church he was
a local preacher. His mother was a native of Tennessee. Mr. Simpson was raised in Van Wert, Polk Co., but the war intervening he was deprived of the education which, but for that, lie would have received. He started in life with but little, but has so managed as to place himself in easy and comfortable circum stances. During a part of his life he has profitably engaged in mercantile busi ness, but for some years past has devoted himself to agriculture. He is now a well-to-do, prosperous farmer, highly esteemed by a wide circle of friends and by all who know him. Mr. Simpson has been twice married, first April 8, 1869, to Miss Ophelia, daughter of Judge W. C. and Sarah Barber, of Polk county, who died leaving no issue. His second marriage was Feb. 2, 1875, * Miss Elna E.,
daughter of Judge W. D. and Marguerite Heslap, of Polk county. Four children have blessed this union: Maggie, Nannie, Cornelia and William Wyley. He is
a prominent member of the Methodist church.

A UGUSTUS G. TOMLINSON, postmaster, Cedartown, Polk Co., Ga., son of E. S. and Ollie (Jackson) Tomlinson, was born in Walton county, Ga., Jan. 26,
1840. His father was a native of North Carolina, migrated to Georgia in 1830, and settled in Wilkes county, whence he subsequently moved to Walton county. Mr. Tomlinson received a very good education when growing up, afterward attended the college at Bowdon, and when leaving there started out to fight life's battle with no capital but a stout heart, industry and strict integrity of char
acter. When the civil war commenced he enlisted in Company D, Phillips' legion, and was in all the battles in West Virginia, Second Manassas and in the Gettysburg campaign. He was in Gen. Longstreet's corps, and was captured at
Knoxville, Tenn., and held as a prisoner until the close of the war. When released he went to New York and took the steamer for Savannah, and thence to Augusta, and from there he walked to his home in Polk county. He has been exceptionally successful in all his undertakings, and is one of the solidest

698

MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

and most prominent of Polk county's citizens. In 1893 he was appointed by President Cleveland postmaster at Cedartown. Mr. Tomlinsori was married in
1866 to Miss Sarah, daughter of Mack and Adeline Mclver, of Polk county, by whom he has had nine children: Addie O-, James F., Jessie M., Flora, E. S-,
Octavia, R. A., S. E. and Annie. Mr. Tomlinson is a member of the Knights of Honor.

gENJAMIX WRIGHT, physician, Young's, Polk Co., Ga., son of Daniel and Mollie (Young) Wright, was born in Franklin county, Ga., Jan. 10,1846. His
father came from Edgefield district, S. C, to Georgia, and settled in Franklin county in 1840. In 1850 he moved thence to Paulding county, and in 1864 moved to Polk county and settled on a farm. Dr. Wright had very meager educational advantages during his boyhood and youth. In 1861 he became a member of Phillips' legion, as a substitute, and did good service during the war. Soon after entering the service he was transferred to Gen. Wheeler's cavalry and the western army. Among other battles engaged in were Lookout Mountain, New Hope church, Resaca, Adairsville, Cassville and Kennesaw Mountain, and in almost every skirmish during the siege of Atlanta. He began life with nothing after the war excepting a spirit of determination, industrious habits and correct principles. He improved his leisure time studying medicine, and in 1882 was graduated from Atlanta Medical college. He located immediately at Young's, where he has lived ever since, established an enviable reputation as a physician and has a very re munerative practice. No physician in the county stands higher than he, and no citizen is more popular. In 1886 he was elected to represent the Thirty-eighth senatorial district in the general assembly, and in 1888 he was elected to represent Polk county in the general assembly. In 1892 he was again elected to represent the senatorial district--his fellow-citizens thus bearing testimony to his faitllfulness and efficiency. Dr. Wright was married in April, 1887, to Miss Ella, daughter of Thomas J. and Jane Peck, of Polk county, by whom he had four children: William Benjamin, John, James and Ella. The mother of these children died Feb. 6, 1891, and Feb. 7, 1892, Dr. Wright married Miss Mary, daughter of Thomas Lasseter, of Haralson county, who has borne him one child: Crissie. Dr. Wright has been very successful as a practitioner of his profession, and an excellent manager of
his property.
JAMES YOUNG, Young's, Polk Co., Ga., son of Augustus and Katharine Young, was born in De Kalb count}', Ga., Dec. 22,1832. His father was a son
of Robert and Celia (Strickland) Young, of what is now De Kalb count}*, a farmer, and was a member of the escort or guard which accompanied the Indians when they were removed from Georgia. Late in life his parents moved to and settled a farm in Polk county. Mr. Young received a very limited education, only such as could be afforded at that time and locality. He enlisted in 1862 in the First Georgia cavalry under Col. James Morrison, but after eight months' service he was discharged. Subsequently he enlisted and was commissioned a lieutenant in Yeiser*s legion, state troops, and served to the end of the war. Since the war he has given his time and attention principally to his farm, though for some years at one period he conducted a general merchandise store at Young's. He started in life with some property, which by his superior management he has largely increased, until now he has a. magnificent estate. He is regarded as one of the richest men and one of the best financiers in Polk county. He is popular and wields a wide and powerful influence. Mr. Young was married Aug. 3, 1854, to Miss Emiline, daughter of Jesse and Adeline Ammons, of Polk count}', a union which has been blessed with six children: Sterling, Ida, Katie, Mollie, Augustus and
Lucv.

PUL.ASKI COUNTY SKETCHES.

699

PULASKl COUNTY.
QAPT. R. W. ANDERSON, a gentleman prominent in agricultural pursuits in Pulaski county, and a leading warehouseman of Hawkinsville, was born Oct.
6,1837, three miles from that city on what is known as the "old-shell road." He was reared in the county to a plantation life, acquiring his education at the academy in Perry, Ga. He found a wife in Miss Agnes Merrirt, a daughter of Simon Merritt, one of the earliest settlers of the county, and became the father of eight children: Ada,Mrs. Brown,Hawkinsville; Elizabeth; Robert S.; Simon S.; Rowell; Frank; Lucy, and Dudley. Capt. Anderson was one of the first to join the ''gathering of the clans" in 1861, enlisting for twelve months in the First Georgia volunteer infan try. When his period of enlistment expired he returned home and organized a company of artillery, which he commanded through the remainder of the war in the army of the west. The company did valiant service at New Hope church, Chickamauga, and in the Atlanta campaign, and in many other bloody engagements. The captain was wounded three different times, though not seriously. CapL Andersen's family history dates back to Jordan Anderson, his grandfather, who passed the earlier years of his life in North Carolina. He removed to Geor gia with a small family about 1815, settling on the shell road, in Pulaski county, where he continued to reside until his death. Robert Sanders, Capt Andersen's father, was born in North Carolina in 1809. He was reared in the pine woods on the banks of the Ocmulgee river, a thorough knowledge of woodcraft being the principal item of his education. When yet a boy he cleared for himself a small plantation on the banks of the river, where he began life with but a single female slave. He prospered as the years passed, and accumulated during his life a hand some property. He was a man of deep religious convictions, and was a prominent member of the Baptist church for over forty years. He married Miss Sarah Eliza beth Wooten, of Monroe county, Ga., and reared thirteen children, six of whom are now living: Mrs. Nancy S. Hardin; R. W., and Joseph J., of Hawkinsville; John L., land commissioner in New Mexico; Mrs. Roberta Moreland, Atlanta, and Mrs. Fannie Murphy, Barnesville. The father and mother of this family died in 1882 and 1867 respectively. Capt Anderson conducts a successful warehouse business in Hawkinsville, and farms a plantation of 1,000 acres in the county. He also has 1,200 acres of wild timber. He has always been a worker in the development of Hawkinsville, and none stands higher in the estimation of her citizens. He has three times represented Pulaski county in the state legislature, and has been a mem ber of the county board of commissioners since 1877. He and his family are mem bers of the Baptist church, in which he has been a deacon since his seventeenth year. Pulaski is honored by such men.
JAMES POPE BROWN is the eldest son of Stephen W. Brown, who was the son of Stephen, a native of North Carolina, who migrated to Georgia about
1830 and settled in Houston county, where he spent the balance of his life. He married Miss Hannah Leary, and to them were born the following children: J. Marshall, John D., and Stephen W., all deceased; Robert H., Macon, Ga., and Calvin P., Hawkinsville, Ga. Stephen W., father of James P., was born about 1830. He was reared on a plantation, his father's vocation being that of a planter. He married Miss Martha Pope, a daughter of James Pope, of North Carolina, and later of Twiggs county, Ga., where he settled early in life. To this union were born the following children: James Pope; Stephen W., died at eight years of age, and

/OO

MEMOIrtS OF GEORGIA.

Robert D., of Hawkinsville. Mr. Brown was of humble parentage and had his

own way to make. He located in Pulaski county in 1856 and resided there the bal

ance of his life. His wife was a graduate of La Grange, Ga., college, was a good

cook, tolerated no servants and assisted largely in the success which attended her

husband. He was a democrat and represented his county in the state legislature

for one term, but would accept no further political favors, though frequently ten

dered. He devoted his entire attention to farming, and was considered the best

farmer in this section of the state. He did not make a fortune, but always lived in

comfortable style. He died March i, 1891, and his wife in the fall of 1890. James

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Pope Brown was born Mav 4,1855, in Houston county, and was but an infant when

]

his parents removed to Pulaski county, where he was reared. He received his

j

preparatory education at Mt. Zion, and then entered Mercer university, graduating

from the latter when he was but eighteen years of age. After school days were

over he began working on his father's farm. In 1873 ne became connected with

a warehouse in Hawkinsville, where he remained until 1876, when he rented a

small farm, upon which he remained for three years. He then purchased a tract

of land nine miles from Hawkinsville, upon which he now resides. He married

Miss Anna Wrighton Miller, a daughter of Jonathan Miller, of Beach Island,

X. C. (See sketch of A. L. Miller, Macon.) To them five children were born:

Stephen \V.; Emily, deceased; Martha; Jonathan M., deceased,and J. Pope, Jr.,

deceased. Col. Brown is a man who honors the occupation of agriculture by his

connection with it; and with the same qualities displayed in that field could suc

ceed in any other he should care to enter. His plantation of 4,000 acres of land

is one of the largest and best in south Georgia. He is president of the Pulaski

,

County Fair association, which every year holds one of the best meetings in Geor

gia. He also serves on the board of county commissioners, is a Baptist in faith

and votes with the democrats.

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C A. BURCH. The advent of Lord Baltimore brought to America two " emigrants, Joseph and Charles Burch, and from these are descended the
large and prominent family of that name. Joseph settled in Georgia and married a Miss Edith Hargrove, a lady of German parentage but of Georgia rearing, and to them were born: Charles, an early settler of Laurens county, Ga., where he
died: Ruben, who lived and died in Richmond county, Ga.; Benjamin, who died in Laurens county soon after the close of the late war; Littleton, who was scalped by Indians, though he lived for some years afterward; Michael, killed by the Indians in Irwin county (sec sketch of M. L. Burch, Dodge county); Edward Alien, the youngest. Upon the death of the mother of these children, Joseph
married again, the lady being a Miss Wilcox, and they reared John, Henry and Alfred, who were prominent in Laurens and Montgomery counties, though all now deceased. After the death of his mother, Edward Alien Burch was adopted by a cousin. Edward Burch, of Richmond county, when he was but five months
old, having been born April 6, 1796. He was reared upon a plantation and in meager circumstances. When but a youth he possessed a horse, saddle and bridle, and with these he became a member of the colony of one Isom Cowart and traveled westward to Mississippi. After a year's residence there he married Elizabeth, the second daughter of Isom and Susanna (Miller) Cowart. Isom Cowart was a native of South Carolina and settled in Georgia in 1812. Later he went to Mississippi, and was killed by a run-away horse. In the 2o's Mr. Burch, with his young wife and child, returned to Georgia, making the trip by wagon through unbroken country, and finally located three miles west of Haw kinsville. He built a cabin in the woods, and turning his attention to carpentering, built and repaired many of the old-fashioned cotton gins. In 1836 he died of

PULASKI COUNTY SKETCHES.

701

diphtheria. His children are: Edward Alien, the gentleman first named; Martha
Womble, deceased; Joseph, died in 1855; Susan, married Jacob Shiver, and died in Florida; Michael B., resides in Texas, a very prominent citizen and justice of the peace; Man- Caroline, married Isom Shiver, and died in Florida; Mary
Catherine, who was born exactly two years after the first Mary, resides in Texas. The mother of these is extremely aged and resides with her son, M. B., in Texas.
Edward A. Burch was born in Mississippi, July 19, 1821, and as before related, came later with his parents by wagon, to Georgia, and remembers incidents occurring en route.' His early life was that of the usual backwoods boy, though
he was the recipient of a good education for the period. March 10, 1842, he married Mary A., daughter of Ulysses and Mary Ann (Simpson) Crutchfield, who bore him three children, viz.: Joseph Alien, who resides in Texas; Caroline
Susan Handley, also in Texas; Mary E., died in infancy. The wife died Dec. 25,
1851, and Mr. Burch married again in October, 1852, Miss Mary Ann, daughter of William and Lucinda Beard. Their children are: Martha, wife of Barney Manheim of Hawkinsville; Man,' J., wife of J. W. Bowyer of Virginia: Edward
L., died in infancy; Sarah Ellen, wife of J. \V. Reynolds of Pulaski count}'; Lucinda, died in infancy; William E., postmaster, Hawkinsville; Emma, Mrs. De Lamor of Hawkinsville: Henry M., died in infancy, and Eugene A., assistant
postmaster of Hawkinsville. Mr. Burch began his career as a clerk in a mercan tile establishment. Then engaged in fanning and after some success he engaged for himself in the mercantile business in Hawkinsville. Unluckily for him he formed a partnership with a man of small scruples and after a short existence the firm was dissolved. He again tried farming, but with poor success, and in the fall of 1852 removed to Floyd county, Ga., where he taught school and
employed himself in any capacity honorable. In 1860 was in Rome, Ga., teaching school, and a local Methodist preacher, frequently walking eighteen miles to fill country pulpits. In 1861 he was employed in ship building, and then in the furniture business. At about this time grave fears of a negro uprising
were entertained by the citizens of Rome, and he was requested to occupy the office of chief of police of that city. In accepting he assumed command of a company of militia known as the Rome Light Guards, who did police duty. His position was a perilous one and he encountered many dangers. In 1863 he returned to Pulaski county, where he has since resided. For sixteen years he held the office of clerk of the superior court, and for four years has been tax receiver of Pulaski county. Mr. Burch believes in the principles of the demo
cratic party, and is a leading member of the Methodist church. He is a chancellor commander of the Knights of Pythias lodge, is an Odd Fellow and a Mason of the royal arch degree.

JAMES FRAXKLIN CONEY, merchant, Hawkinsville, and a young man of
fine ability, is the son of Ezekiel Coney. His grandfather, Jeremiah, came from Laurens to Pulaski county, where he passed the remainder of his days as a planter. His children were: Charles, Jerry, Ezekiel, James, Sarah, Mrs. Jos. Daniel, and Dudley, who died in infancy. Ezekiel was born in 1831, was reared on the plantation of his father, and married Sarah E. Riley of Houston county. Five children were the fruit of this union: James F.; Mollie, deceased; Cornelia, Mrs. R. A. Merritt, deceased: Emma, deceased; and Eva, Mrs. C. B. Adams of Macon. The father of these children died soon after his return from the war, of disease contracted in the service. The mother subsequently married C. M. Bozeman of Hawkinsville. John G. is the only child of this marriage, now merchandising with his half-brother, James F. The latter gentleman was born June i, 1865, vand received his literary education in the schools of his native city.

JO2

MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

He later graduated from the Baltimore Commercial college, and clerked for M. D. Wilcox until 1885, then embarked in company with Robert Merritt of Macon in a venture of his own. In 1886 the firm name changed to Coney, Adams & Co., and took on its present style Coney, Lovejoy & Co. in 1888. For a young man Mr. Coney has proved himself possessed of excellent business capacities, and is one of the rising men of his section. He began business with naught but his meager earnings as clerk, and is now well advanced on the road to a competency. He is an active Methodist and a democrat Mr: Coney married Miss Lula D. Wimberly of Houston count}-, a daughter of E. H. Wimberly; a sketch of whom appears among the prominent citizens of Houston county. Three beautiful and interesting children blessed this home: E. W., Julia R and Lucy. With the energy characteristic of youth, Mr. Coney throws his whole soul into his business.
To such a man there can be no failure, as success begets confidence, and the confidence of a community on the other hand begets success.

D G. COOK is a prominent agriculturist of Pulaski county. He comes of Irish stock, having been born of parents who were both reared in the
Green isle. His father, Patrick Cook, was united in marriage in 1848 to Catherine Malloy, and the following year they emigrated to the United States. Stopping for a time in Xew York, they later became residents of Savannah, where Mr. Cook passed his life-time as a contractor on public works and in railroading. There was a family of seven children born to them, four of whom were reared: Patrick, Donald, James, Mary, Catherine, Richard Giles and
Robert Giles. Donald, Catherine and Richard G. died in infancy. The mother of these children died in 1867, and the father in 1892. Robert Giles Cook was bom in Savannah, July 21,1860, and passed his life in that city until his eighteenth year. At that age he resolved to try the west, and for the subsequent seven years lie was engaged in handling cattle in Texas--a veritable cowboy. Returning to
civilization, however, he has since been a resident of Pulaski county. He married Miss Sarah Le Grand, a French lady, in 1890, and to this union have been born five children. Mr. Cook is an unswerving democrat, and delights to be of
service to that grand old party.

JJENRY. The name of this family has been a familiar one in the wire grass country of southern Georgia for the past fifty years, and has been directly
and intimately associated with the growth of Hawkinsville and Pulaski county since Judge John Henry established the firm of Henry & Son in 1870. The family is of Scotch-Irish descent. Beginning with George Henry, a native of Scotland, who moved over into Ireland, where he died at an advanced age, we have authentic information of but one son, Joseph. This son married and reared
four boys and two girls, their names being Thomas, John, Joseph, James, Caro line and Jane, all of whom are now deceased but John, who forms the subject of this sketch. This gentleman was born in Ireland June 12, 1820. In early boy hood his parents emigrated to Pennsylvania, where they lived until death. John was given a good education for a boy of his opportunities, displaying a remark able precociousness in the field of mathematics. His first connection with the
business world was as a clerk in a mercantile establishment of Westfield, N. Y. Here he remained five years. He then came to Georgia and in 1845, using the savings of his clerkship as capital, he began his first business venture in Twiggs county. After two years he removed to Houston county, where for the next twelve years he conducted a mercantile business in Hayneville, then a trading point
of some interest Dooly county was then the scene of his labors until 1870, when

PULASKI COUNTY SKETCHES.

703

he came to Hawkinsville and in company with his son, Edwin J., established the house of Henry & Son, which for many years carried on a most successful busi ness. In 1891 the firm was dissolved, the father having been made vice-president and the son cashier of the Hawkinsville Bank & Trust company. Judge John Henry is a man of superior cast of mind in a financial sense. Experience has taught him many lessons, yet his mind was always clearer in mathematical opera tions than in the field of science. And notwithstanding his reverses during and following the war, he is to-day one of the wealthiest men of the wire-grass coun try. He never aspired to political preferment. In 1872, however, he was pre vailed on by friends to allow his name to stand for county judge, and being ap pointed, he served the following four years. During his term of office the hand some court house now doing service was built, and largely through Judge Henry's
influence. In 1850 John Henry and Civility, daughter of Jones Kendrick, of Putnam county, Ga., became man and wife, and to them were born four children, a daughter and son now living: Amanda, the wife of S. M. Caldwell, a merchant of Hawkinsville, and Edwin Jones, who has become one of the leading business men of his city. He was born in Hayneville, Ga., Dec. 24, 1852, and was educated
at the Lawrenceville high school and at the Atlanta Business college, where he graduated in 1870. As before stated, he in that year became a member of the firm of Henry & Son, and is now cashier of the Hawkinsville Bank & Trust company. Inheriting the strong point of his father, Edwin J., he is regarded as a business man of decided merit. Aug. 25, 1847, Mr. Henry was happily mar ried to Miss May, a daughter of Dr. William Russell, of Lawrenceville, Ga. He
is a democrat in political belief, a member of the board of county commissioners, and of.the city council.

MARK T. HODGE, representative of Pulaski county, and a lawyer of wellknown ability at Hawkinsville, was born April 4, 1849, m Gordon county,
Ga. His father, Duke H. Hodge, was a native of Georgia also, Newton county being the place of his birth. He married in Bartow county Miss Eliza Craw-
ford, daughter of the president of Cherokee Baptist college. The children born to this union were Mattie L., John W., Mary S., Morgan H., Mrs. Dr. A. A. Smith, of Hawkinsville, and Mark T. Duke H. Hodge led a mercantile life during his time, but was cut off in middle age, dying in 1855, a short time prior to
the birth of his youngest son, Mark T. The mother of the children fought the
battle of life alone until they became of proper age to take up the burden, and died Sept. 18, 1893. Col. Mark T. Hodge was of that age to experience all the evil effects of the war, and none of the fun, so to speak. The unsettled condition of the country precluded successful school-going or school-teaching, but being
naturally of a studious disposition, Mark T. was able at the tender age of sixteen
to teach others what he knew. By the judicious use of his meager earnings he was enabled to continue his own studies, and in this way succeeded in getting a college education, graduating at Athens in 1876. The property of the family had all been destroyed by Sherman's vandals, and they had fled to Haw kinsville in consequence, where they continued to reside, and where Col. Hodge returned after graduation to take charge of the village school. He taught for
three years a very full school, and having continued his studies with but a change of direction, was admitted to the bar in 1880. Of his legal career it need only be said that success followed application, and he has built up a very safe and remun
erative practice. He is also interested in a financial way in farming and in various enterprises about Hawkinsville. He owns part of the stock of the Holmes &
Co. barrel manufactory, an institution which is doing a good business, and is a

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MEMOIRS OP GEORGIA.

paying investment Col. Hodge has always been an outspoken democrat and a worker in the ranks of his part}-. In 1892 he was honored as the standardbearer in the legislative fight, and again in 1894, serving both terms with credit.
He has never married, being wedded hopelessly to his books and to his work.

JAMES OLIVER JELKS, of Hawkinsville, is a younger brother of Dr. E. A.

Jelks, of Quitman, Ga., under whose sketch elsewhere in these memoirs will

appear the facts relating to the family history. J. O. Jelks was born July 4, 1839,

in Pulaski county, Ga. His early education was limited to the schools of that

early period. He began his business career in Hawkinsville where, in 1865, he

erected the first building devoted exclusively to store-keeping, mercantile busi

ness having been previously carried on in frame dwelling houses. For twenty-

eight years Mr. Jelks continued in that business, and with a large measure of

success. In 1843 ne was united in marriage to Elizabeth C., a daughter of Mr.

Joseph E. Phelps, of Pulaski county, who was one of its early settlers. The

daughter was an accomplished lady, a graduate of the La Grange college in

1862, where she took honors in music. They became the parents of several chil

dren: Nathaniel, Mary, Thomas M., James O., Jr., and Oliver--the two last

deceased. The wife and mother died in 1875. Mr. Jelks* present wife was Mary

S. Way, a daughter of Dr. E. F. Way, one of Liberty county's most noted families,

and later of Hawkinsville. To this union two children have been born: Leonora

and Anna. Mr. Jelks is a sound money democrat and a member of the Baptist

church. In addition to his large real estate holdings in Georgia he owns an

extensive property at Lake Jesup, Fla., which he had planted in 1867 with orange

trees, there being a grove of seventy-five acres. Mr. Jelks and his family have

been accustomed since then to spend the winters at that point Mr. Jelks inherits

in a large degree the characteristics which made his father one of the chief citi

zens of Pulaski county, and is held in high regard among his large circle of

friends and acquaintances. Being very public spirited and a writer of con

siderable note, he has written much on public questions, particularly on those

5

bearing upon the development of his section.

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MATHANIEL P. JELKS, one of the leading physicians of Hawkinsville, Ga.,

f

is a son of James O. Jelks, Sr. (See sketch of Dr. E. A. Jelks, of Quitman,

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Ga.) He was born at Hawkinsville, Ga., July 18, 1845, but reared in Florida,

(

where he received his earlier education, his later school days being spent in Au gusta. Ga. At the opening of the civil war lie entered the Confederate service,

{

enlisting in a regiment of Florida cavalry under Gen. Jones, and was wounded

|

in battle at National Bridge, Florida. After the war closed he entered Bellevue

\

Medical college at New York, and graduated from the same in 1868. He imme-

{

diately began the practice of his profession at Hawkinsville, Ga., where he has

since resided. In 1870 he took for his wife Miss Kathleen Lamkin, and to this

union were born seven children: Kathleen, E. L., Lily, Needham, Mary, Maude

and Ruth. The mother of these children died in 1891. In 1892 a second mar

riage was solemnized, the lady being Miss Catherine Pate, daughter of Judge A.

C. Pate. To this union one son has been born--Antony Pate, a sketch of whom

appears elsewhere in this volume. Dr. Jelks enjoys a large and lucrative practice

and is widely known both for his professional ability and his genial hospitality.

He votes the democratic ticket and has an interest in the welfare of his party.

The Baptist church of Hawkinsville numbers him among its most useful mem

bers, and the public school among its strongest supporters, he being on the board

of trustees. Fraternally he affiliates with the Odd Fellows. Like his brother,

PULASKI COUNTY SKETCHES.

70S

Dr. Jelks, he became interested in orange culture, and at present is the owner of

a large orange grove in Florida. He is a member of both the Georgia Medical

and South Georgia Medical associations.

;

[)AVID CURTIS JOINER. This gentleman is the grandson of Curtis Joiner,
who was a native of North Carolina, and an early resident of Pulaski county, Ga. He came to this county in 1819 when the county was occupied by Indians, with whom he had many adventures. His son Larkin, David C.'s father, was born
in North Carolina, in 1809, and came with his parents to the'then wilds of Pulaski
county, Ga., when but nineteen years old. His educational advantages were as A
matter of course very limited; but he had a brilliant mind, and by reading and observation he became quite well educated for the period. He married MiM
Elizabeth Linsey, a daughter of David Linsey, of Washington county, Ga., and
also one of Pulaski's early settlers. In 1840 he became a Baptist minister and
filled the pulpits of various churches for forty miles around, and was regarded as
the leading divine of this portion of the state. He died in October, 1880, and
his wife followed him in 1885. His children are Eliza, widow of Rev. R. L. Bullington; David Curtis; Jane, now Mrs. P. G. McKinney; Martha, Mrs. J. T. Stephens (deceased); John J., a resident of Hawkinsville; and Wm. Larkin, also a
resident of Hawkinsville. David C. was born in Pulaski county, June 12, 1842,
and was reared seven miles east of Hawkinsville, in Dooly county. At eighteen he married Miss Mary E. Mims, a daughter of Elias Mims of Houston county. He was absolutely without resource, but began farming upon thirty acres of land
belonging to his father. A few months later he left his wife and growing crops to respond to the call of arms by the Confederacy. He enlisted in July, 1862,
Company G, Tenth Georgia cavalry, which was composed of both Georgia and
Alabama patriots. He participated in no less than fifty-two engagements, many
of which were hand-to-hand conflicts. Except for being hit by a nearly spent shell he was uninjured. He laid down his arms after a long service in the western
army with Gen. Scott in Kentucky, at Hillsboro, N. C. For his gallantry he was promoted from private to first lieutenant and then to captain, having command of
a company for the last two years. Upon his return from the war he bought a
small plantation entirely upon credit. In 1871, after many "ups and downs," he
was in possession of a good plantation of which he was sole owner. He then came to Hawkinsville, where his shrewd ability was at once recognized, and he became a partner in a mercantile establishment After eighteen months he bought
the business from his profits, and in another eighteen months had cleared nearly $4,000. He then took into partnership a brother, and this firm conducted a suc
cessful business for six years, at the end of which time Mr. Joiner again assumed sole charge, which he has since successfully conducted. His success is truly won derful and he is, at the time of writing, worth $250,000. He is the largest real estate owner in Pulaski county. Not only in a financial way has his success been
marked, but in every other respect. He is self-educated; and a more refined, courteous, and affable gentleman cannot be found. He owes his success to close attention to business, sterling honesty and fair dealing. His wife is a lady of fine intellect and no little credit is due her for her valuable assistance in
Mr. Joiner's career. Both are members of the Methodist church. Mr. Joiner is a democrat, but of no political aspirations. His children are Mary Francis and
David Wynn. David Curtis, the first born, died in youth, in 1873.

A UGUST M. JONES, farmer, of Pulaski county, Ga., is the son of John H. and Estelle A..(Bartlett) Jones. His father, now deceased, was born in 1831
near Sandersville, and at twenty-one engaged in mercantile business in that
11-45

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706

MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

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town. He married in 1860. Mrs. Jones having been the daughter of Ronald and Sarah (Lippman) Bartlett of Washington county, and continuing to reside in Sandersville for a short period the family removed to Dodge county, where he died March 18, 1888. He was a man of strong personality and successful in whatever he undertook. During the war he was a gallant soldier for Dixie's cause, being a private in the Forty-ninth Georgia, with whose members he endured many hardships and fought many battles. He was a member of the Methodist church, in political belief a democrat, and a member of the masonic fraternity. The names of his children were: Robert M.; Mary F. (deceased); Eugenia G. (deceased); Mallard C.; and August M. In 1890 they removed with their mother, who still survives, to Pulaski county, where they now reside, cul tivating a farm of 450 acres. August M. Jones was born Feb. 3, 1864, in Dooly county, Ga. He had the distinction in his youth of having been one of Gov. Northen's pupils, though he did not receive a collegiate education. In 1874 he began his first business venture in Dooly county as a country merchant and con-ducted it successfully for a number of years, removing with the family to Pulaski in 1890. Mr. Jones is yet a bachelor, having never succumbed to the charms of southern womanhood. He is a democrat, a Methodist, a Mason and a pleasant, social gentleman.
J AMES J. KINCHEX. Wm. Kinchen, a native of North Carolina, and grand father of James J., was a patriot of the revolutionary war, and lost an eye while
doing service for his country. He died at the age of ninety-eight James, his youngest son, the father of the gentleman whose name appears above, was a native of Washington county, Ga., and lived to be fifty-two years of age. He married Lucretia Coleman of Emanuel county, Ga., and they became the parents of nine children, three of whom are living: Hiram, Early county, Ga.; J. J.; and John, who resides in Thomas count}'. The father was a member of the Baptist church, a good planter and a man of some means. The husband and wife died about the same time in about 1830. J. J. Kinchen was born in Laurens county, Ga., Dec. 20, 1820. His boyhood days were spent upon his father's farm. Hav ing acquired a good education, he spent a great part of his life (thirty-five years) as teacher, most of the time in Pulaski county. He married Mary, a daughter of Hardy Powers, of Pulaski county, and the following children have been born to them: Winnie; Sallie; Margaret; Laura; James P.; and Wm. H. The mother of these children died Oct. 6, 1887. While teaching school, Mr. Kinchen also devoted a part of his time to farming. He had no capital with which to start in life, even his education being self-acquired. He has been a most successful teacher, and his standing as an agriculturist is evidenced by the high state of cultivation under which he keeps his plantation. He has never desired political honors, though he is a good democrat and takes an interest in the affairs of
his party.
QOL. CHAS. TENNANT LATHROP. Hawkinsville has had many sons to fall by the wayside while in the full strength and vigor of manhood, while
others have passed, their life work finished, and a successful career rounded out by a quiet and peaceful death. The above gentleman was one of the latter class. He died Sept 8, 1893, at the ripe age of seventy-six years, with a business career of more than the usual success behind him, and a life whose benign influence was recognized by all. Col. Lathrop was of northern birth and family, having been the first white child to be born in Vincennes, Ind., that event occurring June 28, 1817. The Lathrops were a New England family of old and honorable descent and are still found in Connecticut, from which state Col. Lathrop's grandfather, Charles, had migrated to the new territory of Indiana in the early years of the

PULASKI COUNTY SKETCHES.

707

present century. However, soon after the birth of Col. Lathrop the whole family including his father, also named Charles, went back to Connecticut, traveling the whole distance in wagons amid many perils. They settled in Colchester,
where the colonel was reared and schooled. He was educated at Bacon academy of Colchester, and in 1845 came to Hawkinsville, Ga. An elder brother, James W., had preceded him to Georgia, and was engaged in mercantile pursuits in Savannah. In company with his brother, Col. Lathrop began a business in
Hawkinsville, which continued the balance of his life with uninterrupted success. Later in life he became identified with the banking interests of Hawkinsville; also, and for many years prior to his death, he was one of the leading spirits of
the wire grass region. Col. Lathrop was a man of the broadest culture, of decid edly poetical temperament, and a lover of nature who never tired of her beauties. He was modest and unassuming, and though his ability was such as to invite a
public career, he resisted all efforts to draw him into a life of public preferment He grew wealthy, but wealth to him meant increased opportunities to do good. He was liberal in his charities, but few knew the extent of his gifts, as he heeded the Bible injunction to secrecy in such matters. One of his most munificent gifts was never made public until after his death, consisting of a cash payment of $25,000 toward the building of a Y. M. C. A. mission building in Tokio, Japan. In politics he was a democrat, and was a veteran of the late war, serving his adopted state long and faithfully in her need. CoL Lathrop was twice married. His first wife was Margaret Rebecca Mikell, to whom he was wedded Nov. 21, 1854, and who died at Griffin, Ga., Dec. 3, 1855. His second wife was Mary Eliza beth Robinson, of Norfolk, Conn., whom he married Oct. 18, 1874, and who survives him. Col. Lathrop left no children.
QOL. JOHN F. LEWIS. Died in Hawkinsville, Ga., on Dec. 29, 1879, of
pneumonia, Col. John F. Lewis, in the forty-ninth year of his age. Thus read the notice that startled the friends of a man who was for many years a familiar figure in the business and commercial life of South Georgia. Col. Lewis was one of those self-made men who forged to the front by reason of superior financial
acumen. His was a mind that was quick to perceive and ready to act upon the opportunities of life. And long before he had reached the zenith he had impressed his individuality upon the business world of all south Georgia. The following
from the pen of a friend in the "Montezuma Weekly" will serve to show the estimation in which Col. Lewis was held at the time of his untimely demise: "His was, by far, more than an ordinary career. Early in life he laid deep the cornerstone of his coming success. With truth as his guide, with honesty as his anchor, with sobriety as his chart, with fidelity to principle as the star, who can wonder at his achievements in a life, that was alas, too brief? The days of youth had scarcely vanished; long before entering into the 'sere and yellow leaf,' we find him standing upon the threshold of life, master of his calling, with the trophies of victory enwreathing his brow, with success as his portion and wealth as his companion. He will be missed, not only in his immediate section, but in circles abroad; for his fame as a business man, for deep-seated sagacity and far-reaching views, ignoring local limits, found recognition, even in the nation's' metropolis. He was doing a noble service in rebuilding the trade, the credit and the character of his own southland. His place will be hard to fill, for there are few men like him. Noble spectacle it was to behold him, while in life, surrounded by his young sons, like a chieftain upon the field among his lieutenants, teaching them to plan and succeed, carefully carrying out in every detail the operations of the largest business of the country, thus preparing them for future usefulness."
Col. JohnF. Lewis was a native of Georgia and a son of John B., who died a few

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708

MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

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months after the birth of his son. He was reared by his paternal grandfather,

,

who was a poor but respectable planter. Legal age found Col. Lewis with but

;

an ordinary education and small capital to embark in a mercantile venture at

i

Coney, Ga. Success, however, seemed inherent in him from the beginning. As

his mercantile interests grew he removed to Montezuma and branched out in

the banking business. He subsequently established banks at Hawkinsville,

Valdosta and Albany, all of which were in fine financial condition, and have

become leading institutions in their line in the state. Col. Lewis married, March

17, 1853, Lavinia Butts of Macon, daughter of Elijah and Ann (Thompson)

Butts, who now survives him, the mother of the following children: E. B., state

senator, Montezuma; Mrs. Eva Leonard; R. G., deceased in 1892; Sherry 15.,

deceased in 1890; John F., president of the Citizens' bank, Valdosta; Mattie, Mrs.

W. A. Dodson, Americus; Pearl L., Mrs. John C. Holmes, and William M., of

Hawkinsville.

r)AVID G. M'CORMACK, one of the substantial business men of Hawkins ville, was born Jan. 29, 1839, in Pulaski county. His education was procured
after the crops were laid by in an old log cabin field school; but such as it was there were staying qualities in it The war between the states found Mr. McCormack just at manhood's estate, and of disposition and temperament to resist Yankee interference with southern institutions. He became a private in Company E, Third Georgia infantry, known as the Governor's Guards, and did service in Virginia and South Carolina for fifteen months. Returning home, he soon re-enlisted, joining the Forty-ninth Georgia under Maj. Pate. During his service in the field Mr. McCormack participated in many of the chief battles of the war and in hundreds of smaller skirmishes, yet escaped unhurt. He recalls with a thrill of horror the fall of Gen. Kerney at Harper's Ferry, of which he was a witness. During the progress of the war, Jan. 12, 1864, Mr. McCormack was
joined in marriage to Emma Pollack of Houston county, a daughter of Moses Pollack, one of the wealthy planters of that county. She is the mother of four daughters and a son: Anna, Mrs. James McGriff, Hawkinsville; Emma; Eugenia: May, and David G., Jr. In 1866 Mr. McCormack embarked in the mercantile business in Hawkinsville, which he conducted with a measure of success for some twelve years. He then retired to his plantation, where he gave much attention to the development of the fruit industry, experimenting with various kinds. The cotton warehouse business next attracted his attention, and he has since conducted an institution of that kind at Hawkinsville. In 1892 he suffered the loss of his building by fire, but immediately built the commodious and safe brick structure in which he now operates. Mr. McCormack is a democrat, but with no aspirations for office. His religious belief is in conformity with the Baptist teaching, in which organization he is a deacon. David G. McCormack is a son of Mathias and Mary H. (Connor) McCormack. The former was a native of Burke county, born in 1794. He came to Pulaski county in 1818, locating on the east side of the Ocmulgee river. Indians were then plentiful. On one occasion he reached an Indian camp in south Georgia with a pack horse laden with goods, only to find them with their war paint on. Their greeting was most suspicious and filled him with alarm. But he found a friend in the chief, who came to him at night and offered to guide him safely home. Leaving his goods he traveled all night and at dawn heard the first words his guide had spoken on the trip, "pale face, safe." He reached home in safety, and in a few days his goods were returned without damage. Mr. McCormack was very kind to the Indians and they all respected him greatly. He reared a deaf and dumb child of an Indian. He became very intelligent and lived with Mr. McCormack's

PULASKI COUNTY SKETCHES.

709

family until he was forty-five years old. He was known as "Indian Sam." Mr.
McCormack prospered arid became one of the old-time "southern princes." He was a rock-ribbed democrat and represented Pulaski in the legislature several terms. During the war he lost his entire fortune, and died in 1874. His wife was a native of Brooks county, Ga., and was the mother of Jas. C, deceased; Mrs. Eliza Fletcher, Telfair county; Airs. Amanda Howell, deceased; William, Thomas, Sarah, Catherine, Araminda, Madison and Martha, all deceased; Nannie, Mrs. Woodward, Dooly, Ga., and David G.

PATRICK THOMAS M'GRIFF, for twenty-two years ordinary of Pulaski county, and one of the most genial, obliging and competent officials in Geor
gia, is of Irish lineage and Georgia birth. His paternal grandfather emigrated to America from Ireland about the middle of the eighteenth century. He was a man of superior education and professional ability, a civil engineer by vocation. He married Miss Mary Hall, of a family of distinction in Maryland both at that day and the present He served in the revolutionary war, rising to the rank of colonel, and subsequently settled in Virginia, where he was employed by the gov ernment as an official surveyor. Later in life he removed to Montgomery county, Ga., where he died after a long and uncommonly useful life. He reared a family of ten children. Thomas, Judge McGrifFs father, was born Jan. 22, 1774, in Vir ginia. His education was of a limited character, but by careful study and close
observation he in later years became a man of superior mind and broad culture. Settling in Pulaski county in 1812, a date which marks him as one of the very earliest settlers, he married a Miss Mercer, and by her became the father of six children, all of whom are now deceased. The first wife died, and he was married to Mary, a daughter of Alexander Michael. Two children resulted from this mar riage, James A., now deceased, and Judge P. T. The father was a man of great energy and a will to work which brooked no obstacle and which made him one of the wealthy men of his community. He believed in progressiveness, 'and was always foremost in every enterprise which looked to the upbuilding of the com munity. He was an old-line whig in politics, but not an aspirant. He died March 30, 1843, his wife outliving him by thirty-eight years. Judge P. T. McGriff was born July 20,1833, an^ 1S a native of Pulaski county. The common schools which
he attended were of a superior grade, and he therefore received a good academic education. When but sixteen years old he served three months in the Florida Indian war under CapL Thomas Lankford. The civil war found Mr. McGriff ready and anxious to defend the principle of the free sovereignty of the states, and in 1862 he became a member of Company G, Tenth Confederate cavalry, sub sequently being made its captain. He served in the army of the west and engaged in a large number of sanguinary battles. When peace was assured Capt. McGriff settled in the quiet vocation of agriculture in Pulaski county, which he prosecuted with success until his election in 1873 to his present important posi tion. It is needless to speak of the conduct of this office. Twenty-two years of continuous service among an intelligent people simply means that no better man could be found for the office, or Judge McGriff would have been relegated to private life long ago. A thorough democrat, the judge takes delight in further ing the interests of his party. Fraternally he has for thirty-three years been a
member of the grand lodge, F. and A. M., and is at present high priest of Pulaski chapter No. 20, R. A. M., at Hawkinsville, Ga., and a sir knight templar of St Omar commandery No. 2, Macon, Ga. He is president of the board of educa tion for the city of Hawkinsville. where he wields a powerful influence in advanc ing the interests of education. In religious faith he is a Baptist. The first mar-

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MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.
riage of Judge McGriff was solemnized in Pulaski county to Mary A., daughter of Judge B. B. Dykes, in 1857. She died in March, 1862, the mother of a son, Rufus J., now a resident of Hawkinsville. The second marriage occurred four years later, in December, 1866, to Frances Cowan, widow of Dr. Cowan, of Pulaski county. Three children have been born to her, two of whom are now living: James P. and Frances, the latter being an accomplished young lady of superior mental attainments, and a graduate of the Girls' Industrial Normal school of Milledgeville. Judge McGriff and his family have always held, and still retain, the love and respect of the citizens of Pulaski county. Mr. James P., son of Judge McGriff, is a successful merchant of Hawkinsville.
J-JENRY L. MANNIE is a native Austrian, and son of Moses Mannie, of Cracan, Austria, who died in 1876. Henry L. was bom May 14, 1855, and was edu
cated in the land of his birth. When but seventeen years of age he emigrated to the United States, landing in New York, Friday, Feb. 5, 1872. Here, among strangers, he started in business with the small capital obtained from the sale of a dozen razors. Investing in a small stock of notions, he took them upon his back and began to travel through the rural districts. Sept 25, 1872, found him in Hawkinsville, Ga., where he secured employment as clerk in the mercantile establishment of Charles Schlang, now a merchant of New York city. In 1878 he became junior partner in the business, which was conducted under the firm name of Schlang & Mannie. The following year he purchased the interest of his partner and continued the business until 1880, when fire swept away his pos sessions. Starting anew at Scotland, Ga., from there he went to Mount Vernon, and in 1882 opened a branch store in Hawkinsville. He now conducts a very large business, carrying a stock averaging $12,000. He also owns several plantations in the counties of Pulaski and Dooly and has considerable real estate in Atlanta. On Dec. 26, 1880, Miss Mollie Waterman became his wife. Four children have blessed this union, three of whom are living: Moses, Birdie and Sarah. Mr. Man nie has two brothers residing in this country, Augustus M., of St Louis, and Charles M., of Arkansas. Mr. Mannie quickly adapted himself to the ways and manners of his adopted country and in politics has become a good democrat
UENRY B. MARR. The grandfather of the gentleman whose name heads this sketch was a native of Scotland. He was one of the early settlers of
Kentucky and later of Virginia. In the last named state his son, Henry T. Marr, was born in 1806. The father being in very poor circumstances, Henry T. was reared to manhood on the farm. In later years he moved to Georgia. His wife was Miss Elizabeth T. Rogers, of Kentucky. She was born Feb. 27, 1804, and died in Mississippi, April 21, 1863. The husband died at Hawkinsville, Ga., at the advanced age of eighty-three years. They were both sincere Christians and members of the Methodist church. Henry B. Marr was born in Fayette county, Kv.. Jan. 6. 1842, and was reared near Lexington. He took an active part in the civil war, during which time he was an artilleryman of Withers' battery. He was present at the siege of Vicksburg, and was with Gen. Hood in his retreat before Gen. Sherman. He remained in the service until the close of the war, participating in many skirmishes. After the surrender he engaged first as an overseer, then farmed for himself and was very successful from the start, and soon accumulated a fortune. However, by injudicious investments, he soon met severe reverses, and was compelled to start again at the very beginning. Success attended his efforts, he soon regained his fortune, and in 1887 he moved to Hawkinsville and retired from active business. He, however, manages his plantation, which consists of

PULASKI COUNTY SKETCHES.

711

some two or three thousand acres. In politics he is an old-time democrat and in faith a Methodist Married to Susan, daughter of Daniel Hutchins, of Ken tucky, he has become the father of the following children: John, Mary, Lydia, died in infancy, and Ethel.

QAPT. JOHN H. MARTIN, one of the best lawyers in south Georgia and leader of the bar in Pulaski county, was born April 10, 1842, in Decatur county. He
is the only son of Dr. M. H. Martin and Caroline W. Martin, the former a prominent physician and planter of Decatur county for years. He never held any political office except that of state senator "from his district. He was born in Liberty county, Ga., Oct. 18, 1811, and was graduated from the state university, then known as Franklin college, and also from the medical college at Augusta, Ga. In July, 1841, he married Mrs. Caroline \V. Stewart, nee Miss Caroline W. Bains, who was born near the town of Eatonton in North Carolina, July 21, 1818. At the time of their marriage both were residents of Quincy, Gadsden Co., Fla., but soon removed to Decatur county, Ga., near the village of Attapulgus, where both died, she on May 22,1846, and he on Oct. 3,1855, leaving surviving them two chil dren, John H. and Mary L. Martin. Mary L. married Mr. R. T. Smith, of Dooly county, Ga., and died Nov. 14, 1881. John H. was educated in the academies at Attapulgus and Mineral Spring in Decatur county, and at Midway in Baldwin county, Ga., the last being conducted as a preparatory school for Oglethorpe uni versity, and from attending which he acquired the name of "Ackie Martin," and by which he has ever been known and called by his classmates in college. He entered Oglethorpe university in 1858, where he stood at the head of his classes, as is evidenced by certificates given him by Dr. S. K. Talmage, Profs. R. C. Smith, C. W. Lane (the venerable Dr. Lane, now of Athens, Ga.), and the other professors under whom he studied until he left college, in May, i86i,to enter the war. He joined the Decatur guards, which left Bainbridge, Ga., on Aug. 13, 1861, and was mustered into the Confederate service at Lynchburg, Va., Aug. 31, 1861, as Com pany D, Seventeenth regiment of Georgia volunteers, Henry L. Benning, of Columbus, Ga., being colonel of the regiment. At that time Private Martin was elected as orderly sergeant of his company. On Jan. 20, 1863, he was elected first lieutenant, and on Aug. 15, 1863, he was unanimously elected as captain of his company, which position he held until the close of the war, refusing to run for any higher position. This company made a record second to none for gallantry in the campaigns of the army of northern Virginia, was with Lpngstreet at Chickamauga and through Tennessee back to Virginia. Capt. Martin was struck several times, and was seriously wounded three times in as many different battles. At the second battle of Manassas one of the bones of his left forearm was broken by a minie ball, which also gave him a slight wound in the right shoulder, he being in the act of firing at the time he was shot. At Chickamauga a minie ball broke his lower jawbone on both sides, and from the effects of which his under jaw became shortened and does not fit the upper. In this battle every member of his company was either killed or wounded. At the battle of the Wilderness he was severely wounded in the abdomen by a minie ball. He carried a rifle into the fights and fought with his men. and was witli his company in all the fights in which it participated, except when disabled by wounds and during and just prior to the evacuation of Richmond. He was not with his company when Gen. Lee surren dered, being at that time on duty at Danville, Va., and commanded one of the com panies that drove the Federal raiders from the railroad and guarded the removal of President Davis and cabinet from Danville to Greensboro, N. C. On April 14, 1865, upon his application for assignment to duty, lie was under special order No. 86, issued by the secretary of war, ordered by John W. Riely, assistant adjutant-

712

MEMOIRS OP GEORGIA.

general, to "report to Maj.-Gen. A. R. Wright for duty in Georgia," and did so at

Augusta. Remaining a few days in Augusta, he was ordered by Gen. Wright

to report to Col. W. A. Barden at Albany, Ga., who was collecting troops to go

west, but when he got to Albany, or near there, he found the Federals in possession

of the town, Col. Barden had departed, and the cause was lost. These were

the last official orders received by him, and have been preserved. Capt Martin

returned to Decatur county, his wordly possessions consisting of a horse that he

had traded for in South Carolina, giving four horses and a wagon that he got

from a recruiting camp for Confederate horses for this one horse, enough cloth

for one suit obtained from the quartermaster's office in Greensboro, a lot of Con

federate money and one pistol. His property, consisting of negroes and Confed

erate bonds, was swept away by the result of the war. He taught school in Decatur

county in the fall of 1865, and made money enough to land him in Texas on April

i, 1866, where he remained teaching and engaged as a cowboy until the last of

July, 1869, when he returned to Georgia, and on Aug. 12,1869, married Miss.S. E.

\Vinn, of Liberty county, Ga., to whom he had been engaged for a number of years.

>

He then taught school in Quincy, Fla., one year, and on Sept. i, 1870, moved to

i

Hawkinsville, Pulaski Co., Ga., and taught school for two years, and while teaching

f

he studied law under Judge C. C. Kibbee, with whom he afterward formed a co-

*

partnership, and which continued until Kibbee was elected judge of the circuit

*

court. He was admitted to the bar in 1872, practiced by himself for a time, then

I

was formed the firm of Martin & Jordan, then Kibbee & Martin, then Martin &

c.

Cochran, then Martin & Smith, which continued until his partner, C. C. Smith,

was elected judge, then Martin & Mack, then by himself, except in Dooly county,

where Judge U. V. Whipple is associated with him under the name of Martin &

\Vhipple. While he has refused to seek any political office, he has been a most

active and persistent worker for the democratic party, having been selected as the

president of the Central Democratic club of his county in the several campaigns.

He never held any public office, except mayor of Hawkinsville four terms, and

was president of the public school board of his county. As a lawyer he ranks with

the best in his profession, has a large and lucrative practice, and has written a

little brochure on ejectment pleadings, which has been most favorably received

by the bench and bar of the state, as an accurate, full and complete treatise on the

subject. His first wife died on Dec. 31, 1881, by whom he had four children, all

dead except one daughter, Eloise Winifred. On Jan. 31, 1883, he married Miss

Amittie S. Curry, the only daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Calvin A. Curry, of Decatur

county. Capt. Martin and his wife are both Presbyterians, in which church he has

been an elder for a number of years.

CL EORGE D. MASHBURX, proprietor of the largest general store in Hawkinsville, and a leading citizen of that thrifty wire-grass city, has attained signal
business success, although he is still a young man, and had to be the architect of his own fortune. He is a native Georgian, the son of James W. Mashburn and Xancy R. Reid. The former was born in Washington count}-, Ga., in 1823. In early manhood he settled in Dooly county, where, though without capital of any kind but health and strength and a will to succeed, he began farming operations which eventually made him independent. In middle life he heeded a call to the ministry of the Baptist church, and for many years was a leading divine in that denomination. He also served a period of years covering the late war as county ordinary for Wilcox county. He was a man of large heart and generous impulses and died Xov. 3. 1892, mourned by a large circle of friends. Nancy R. Wilcox, \vhom he married in Irwin county in 1854. was the daughter of George R. Reid, and the widow of John Wilcox. She was born in Irwin county, and died April,

PULASKI COUNTY SKETCHES.

713

1895. Her children are as follows: Mrs. Mary C. Fitzgerald, Drury T., Mrs.
Martha R. Hanly, Henry, and Mrs. Anna N. Oliver, of Wilcox county, and George D., John F. and David T., of Hawkinsville. George D. Mashburn was born April ii, 1857, in Irwin county, Ga. His education was limited to academic work, and at eighteen he began his business career as a clerk in the mercantile establishment of R. V. Bowen in House Creek. After three years he changed his occupation to that of a teacher, which he pursued successfully until 1880, when he embarked in the mercantile business in the town of Wolf Creek, in company with R. V. Bowen. Mr. Bowen retired soon, however, and Mr. Mashburn, continuing business until 1885, removed to Hawkinsville, and in company with H. W. Bozeman established the firm of Bozeman & Mashburn. The style of this firm changed in the latter part of the same year, Mr. Bozeman's interests being purchased by John F. Mash burn, a brother of George D., the firm being known as George D. Mashburn & Bro. The purchase of his brother's interest by John P. Doster in 1891 put George D., as manager of the new firm, since which time he has conducted the business in that capacity. The nuptials of Mr. Mashburn were celebrated in 1881, when he wedded Miss Bertie Doster, of Wilcox county. Three children brighten their home: Christina, Eugene and Lois. Mr. Mashburn has been rather too much of a business man to take great interest in politics. The sterling quality of his citizen ship, however, and his practical grasp of public questions led the citizens of Wilcox county to insist on his serving them in the state legislature, which he did in 1880, much to his credit and their satisfaction. The tenets of the Baptist faith suit him religiously, and he, of course, votes the democratic ticket.

A SA C. PIPKIN. The gentleman here mentioned is an enterprising business man of Hawkinsville, and justice of the peace for that bailiwick. He has his
father's name, and that gentleman was the son of Isaac Pipkin, a North Carolinian by birth. He settled in Laurens county when it was a wilderness, and became one of the prosperous planters and merchants of that community. Five
children constituted his family: Kinchen, Isaac, Asa, Nancy and Florinda. Mr. Pipkin's father, Asa, was born on Rocky creek in 1800. Being orphaned at twelve years, he was bound out to a family by the name of Huff. Cruel treatment
caused him to run away from them, and coming to Pulaski county he secured employment on a mail route from Hartford, Pulaski Co., to Jacksonville, Telfair Co., Ga. He prospered and became a planter in Pulaski county, and was a man
of excellent influence. He was a democrat, politically, and is said to have been
one of the founders of the Baptist church at Hawkinsville. His death occurred in 1856. His wife, Margaret Smith, a native of Hartford, was the mother of ten children, and died in February of 1868. Alexander, the eldest son, lieutenant Company G, Eighth Georgia regiment, died in Richmond during the war; William J. died in an epidemic of measles in 1856, together with four others: Franklin, deceased; Mrs. Margaret Smith, and Asa Cornelius. The last-named
was born Dec. 13, 1840, in Houston county, Ga. He was reared in Hawkinsville. In March, 1862, his country found in him a willing defender, Company K, of the Forty-ninth Georgia, enlisting him as a private soldier. He did his duty nobly at second Manassas. Seven Pines, Fredericksbtirg. Chancellorsville, Wilderness, Harper's Ferry, Gettysburg and Spottsylvania. Three times he was wounded,
but not more serious than a broken arm. In March of 1865 he was captured and spent the next three months at Point Lookout prison. Returning home in July, the problem that faced him was the maintenance of a mother and ^istor, and nothing to start on. He tried farming, but was not successful, and in 1872 he started a small fruit stand on the sidewalk. He made some headway and three
vears later moved inside. Fortune still smiled, though his progress -vas slow.

714

MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

In 1884 he had the misfortune to be burned out; no insurance. This necessitated a new start In three years he was again doing well. Fire again destroyed bis stock in 1892, but he is still doing business, and a large one. Besides cond.t:ting his store he cultivated a plantation. The foregoing evidences the pluck of A. C. Pipkin. Some men never give up. Put them on a desert island and it imme diately begins to blossom. Mr. Pipkin is a stanch democrat, and a vorking member of the church his father founded. He has been justice of the peace for the past twenty years, and as a business man and gentleman none stand higher. He entered the matrimonial state in Houston county, Jan. 12, 1869, Eliza A., daughter of John Poole, becoming his wife. They have but one child living, Mrs. L. N. Anderson of Hawkinsville.
IUDGE A. C. PATE, an able and experienced jurist of Hawkinsville, and for thirteen years succeeding the establishment of Oconee circuit in 1872, its
distinguished head is a native of Washington county, Ga., born near Sandersville, April n, 1836. He is the son of Redding Pate and his mother was Elizabeth Miller. Both of their grandfathers were from North Carolina and soldiers in the continental army during the war of 1776 to 1781. Until eighteen years of age Judge Pate remained in Washington county, acquiring an academic education in the high school of Sandersville. He then went to Dooly county, where he sold goods for his brother a year, and then took up the study of the profession which he has so honored. He was admitted in 1857, before Judge Robert Hardeman of the Ocmulgee circuit, and began practice, which he continued uninterruptedly until the war. During this event he served his country as a member of a company of Georgia volunteer infantry, being under the leadership of Gen. Joe Johnston most of the time. In January of 1866 he came to Hawkinsville and opened an office, becoming associated later with Judge L. C. Ryan. On the establishment of Oconee circuit in 1872, Judge Pate's name was presented to Gov. Smith, and his standing in the profession occasioned such an array of supporters as to secure his appointment, though comparatively a young man. Four years later he was re-appointed, and in 1881 he was elected by the senate for the succeeding term of four years. After thirteen years of continuous service, Judge Pate declined to be a candidate for office, and has since devoted his attention to the practice in Hawkinsville. As a judge he was fearless and just, and prepared his opinions with such care and legal acumen as to secure the hearty endorsement of the entire bar. But very few of his decisions were reversed by the supreme court of the state. Judge Pate was married to Miss Martha J. Williamson, a daughter of Thully Williamson of Pulaski county. She died March 9, 1887, the mother pf two children: Mrs. Dr. N. P. Jelks, and Mrs. F. S. Lewis, both of Hawkinsville.

ADOLPHUS W. PEURIFOY, M. D. This gentleman is one of Pulaski's excellent corps of physicians. He was born March 12,1830, in Henry count}',
Ga. His medical education was secured at the university of Pennsylvania, and in 1852 he began the practice of medicine in Bibb county. After four years' practice there he removed to Crawford county, and in 1861, located at Perry Houston Co., Ga. He spent a year in the army as surgeon of the Eleventh Georgia, but on request of Gov. Brown, who had been petitioned by his patrons he returned to his practice. For fifteen years Dr. Peurifoy enjoyed a large and remunerative practice in Perry. In 1874 he came to Pulaski county, and has since built up a fine practice. The doctor's marriage was solemnized in Crawford county in 1854. his wife having been Mrs. Boone. Only one child, Ida, was born to the marriage, who resides with her parents. Dr. Peurifoy is a lover of home, and is never happier than when about his own fireside. He votes the democratic ticket, is a

PULASKI COUNTY SKETCHES,.

715

master Mason and a member of the Baptist church. Dr. Peurifoy is the son of Caswell, a native of Jasper county, Ga. He was a planter in that county, and in
the later years of his life entered the Baptist ministry. He married Caroline Underwood of Putnam county, and reared four children, viz.: Mrs. Banks of Monroe county; John, Pike county; Airs. Sarah Peters of Alabama, and Adolphus W. The father of this family died in 1872, at the age of seventy-five years, and the mother in 1891, at eighty-eight years of age.

ALEXANDER RAGAN. A volume which purports to mention the early families of Pulaski county must of necessity give space to the name which
appears above, as those holding it have been prominent in the annals of the
county since the days of "Old Hickory" Jackson. Robert A. Ragan was born in North Carolina in 1798, and there remained until 1835, when he came to Houston
county, Ga. After a year's residence there he settled in Pulaski, where he married and reared his family. His wife was Mary Evans, a Scotch lady, who bore him a number of children, the following of whom are living: Alexander; Robert A.;
Mrs. Mary Razor; Julia, Mrs. J. M. Lancaster; Jane, Mrs. W. M. Anderson; all living in Pulaski county. The father died in 1853, but the mother survived until
1893, furnishing, possibly, the best authenticated case of extreme longevity that was ever known in the county. She was bcrn Jan. I, 1792, and she lived to the extremely advanced age of one hundred and one years, two months and four days. Both parents were communicants of the Metho
dist church. Alexander Ragan was born in Robinson county, X. C., March 6, 1827, and was but eight years old when the family removed to Georgia. His education was limited to the country schools. The consort of his young manhood was Sophia, daughter of H. L. Davis of Pulaski county, prominent as a judge of the inferior court and a justice in the early days of the county. By this marriage there resulted ten children, eight of whom are living, as follows: T. B.; D. L.; Alexander, Jr.; L. H.; W. P.; N. R.; Elizabeth, who is Mrs. Lowry; and Eudora, who is Mrs. C. C. Atkinson. The wife died in 1890 and Mr. Ragan subsequently married Miss Frances E. Dunn, daughter of Martha Dunn of Dodge county. One son has been born to them, John James. Mr. Ragan is a democrat, and lias
been for thirty-five years a deacon in the Baptist church.

THOMAS BARTOW RAGAN was born Nov. 28, 1862, in Pulaski county, Ga., and is the son of Alexander Ragan. He was reared on the farm and in con
sequence thereof his opportunities for acquiring a book knowledge were very limited, but being of an inquiring turn of mind and possessed of a most tenacious memory, he succeeded largely in educating himself. At eighteen years of age
he began clerking for J. F. Lewis & Co. of Hawkinsville. His success and use fulness in that capacity is indicated by his continuous service for the same firm for a period of five years. With the result of the savings of the preceding five
years, added to some little borrowed capital, he united with a brother and they embarked in the mercantile business, under the name of R. T. Ragan & Co. In 1889, the senior member of the firm died, and Mr. T. B. Ragan purchased his interest in the business. As at the beginning of his career as a merchant, he continued the business with the greatest success. Oct 9, 1889, he married Miss Bell, daughter of L. D. and Julia A. Wimberly of Jones county, Ga. Two children came to bless their union: Elsie and Mattie Grace. Mr. Ragan is a member of
the Hawkinsville council, a democrat in politics and a Baptist in faith. Mr. Ragan having been reared on a farm has always had much love for the farm and for stock-raising, and from his accumulations he has bought and now owns several good plantations in Pulaski and adjoining counties.

JU6

MEMOIRS OP GEORGIA.

I AWREXCE C. RYAN, the honored and efficient judge of the county court

of Pulaski, is a native of that old historic town of Milledgeville, Ga. He comes

of sturdy Irish stock, his paternal grandfather being a descendant of one of two

brothers who emigrated from Ireland in early colonial days. He was a native of

Baltimore, Aid., and settled in Warren county, Ga. He located subsequently at

Milledgeville, where he became a figure of some note in the early history of

Georgia. By profession a lawyer, he was also editor and publisher of the "Georgia

Argus," the first number of which appeared in 1810. His son, Chas. E., married

!Mar\r A., daughter of Samuel Buffington of Milledgeville, at whose board sat

many an illustrious son of Georgia. The fruit of this union was three children,

one of whom died in infancy. Mary O., is Mrs. J. B. Mitchell of Hawkinsville,

and Lawrence C. is the subject of this mention. The father served the govern

ment in the postal department for many years, and as a Mason and member of the

Episcopal church was much respected. Judge L. C. Ryan was born Sept. 13,

1845. He began his business life quite early at Madison, Ga., in a drug store, and

J

from which town he came to Hawkinsville in 1860. Though but a mere boy in

}

age and especially in stature, when the war broke out he enlisted in the service,

S

joining the Thirty-first Georgia Volunteer infantry under Capt. Warren D. Wood.

I

The fact that he was a youth of very slight build caused him to be dubbed "Little



Georgia," a title which followed him clear through the war. The hardships of

?

camp life proved too much for him, however, and after a severe illness at Lynch-

J

burg, Va., he returned to Hawkinsville. His recovery being complete, he again

took the field, this time in the Twenty-second battery of Georgia artillery, where

he served to the close of the war. Returning to Hawkinsville, he assisted Prof. J. L.

Warren in teaching school, at the same time studying the higher branches and

reading law. The spring of 1867 witnessed his admission to the bar of Pulaski

county, in which year he formed a partnership with Judge A. C. Pate. This part

nership was dissolved in 1884 on the election of Mr. Ryan to the present judge-

ship. Judge Ryan has conducted the affairs of this office to the entire satisfac

tion of the members of the bar and the public in general, and is regarded by all

as a most efficient and conscientious official. Miss Eleanora Bozeman, daughter

of C. M. Bozeman of Pulaski county, became the judge's wife in 1868, and to

the marriage five children have been born: Frank B., Mary E., Anna W., Chas.

B., and Lawrence C, Jr. Judge Ryan is a respected member of the Methodist

church and is of course a democrat Besides the duties of his office, he is inter

ested in fruit-growing, having a large fruit farm in pears, peaches and grapes,

which yield him a good return for the capital invested.

A XTON SCHNEIDER, a respected citizen of Hawkinsville, is a native of Prussia, and was born Oct. 1,1825. In youth he was apprenticed to a cabinet
maker and four years were consumed in learning the trade. At that date, in that country it was necessary that a mechanic should travel throughout the various provinces before he became a master mechanic. Therefore at the conclusion of his time of service, Mr. Schneider traveled through Germany. When war broke out in Baden he joined the forces of the revolutionists known by the name of the forty-niners. After the defeat of his party, they were exiled from Ger
many. Mr. Schneider was given passage from Banma in Switzerland by way'of Havre de Grace to New York on the ship "Statesman," which landed
in New York, July 13, 1850, a stranger in a strange land and without a dollar. Through the assistance of the editor of a German periodical of that city, he and his companions obtained a gift from German citizens of a small amount and soon
found lodgings. His worldly possessions at that time were contained in a small

PULASKI COUNTY SKETCHES.

717

box which was carried under his arm. Being a skillful mechanic he soon secured employment and remained in New York for eight years In the spring of 1858 he
journeyed southward, and obtaining employment at Savannah, Ga., he located there. During the epidemic of yellow fever which followed, he moved to Macon, Ga., and afterward located at Hawkinsville, Ga. This was in the summer of 1860. Here he formed a partnership with Mr. Albert Starowski, which continued until 1883, when the latter met a violent accidental death. Much sorrow was felt at the death of his partner, unusual affection having existed between the two. In 1861 Mr. Schneider enlisted in Capt O. C.-Home's company, Tenth regiment, Georgia volunteers, and went to the front to do battle for his adopted country. Here his skill as master mechanic was employed in the Williamsburg hospital
and about the headquarters of the officers. He was among the bravest at the battle of Seven Pines and at Second Manassas. He was taken prisoner at South Mountain and confined in Fort Delaware. After three weeks' close confinement he was paroled for three months. He then went to Richmond, where he did good service as a pattern-maker in the Confederate gun shops. Here he remained until the close of the war and the advent of the Federal troops found him an interested spectator. From Richmond he returned to Savannah on board the steamer "Clyde," which also contained the family of the Confederate President
Davis, who were returning south from Fortress Monroe. He then came back to his adopted home at Hawkinsville and resumed business as cabinet-maker and dealer in furniture. In 1875 he became interested in grape culture, and with his partner, Starowski, established the Pine Level vineyard near Hawkinsville, employed a skillful wine-maker, sent to Europe for a cooper to prepare the necessary vessels and built up an industry of large proportions. Mr. Schneider
was married on Sept 16, 1885, to Miss Matilda Markert, an American lady of German descent. From this union, which proved to be a happy one, but one child, Miss Minnie May, is now living. Mr. Schneider has been successful in all his undertakings and is today worth about $50,000, all of which, as well as his enviable reputation, he has gained by industry, honesty and fair dealing. He is a liberal democrat and votes in accordance with the dictates of his own reason.

A UGUSTUS A. SMITH, M. D., an eminent physician of Hawkinsville, was born July 15, 1847, 'n Telfair county, Ga., and was there reared. He acquired
a common school education and attended Savannah Medical college, receiving his diploma in 1875. He came to Hawkinsville, Ga., and at once commenced a large and lucrative practice. He married Miss Elizabeth Hodge, sister of M. T. Hodge (sketch of whom appears elsewhere), Nov. 25, 1879, at Henderson, Ga. Their family consists of eight daughters. Dr. Smith has filled the chair of president and vice-president of the Georgia Medical association, occupying the former in 1892-3. Although he has interests in many enterprises he devotes his personal attention to his profession. He is a member of the Baptist church and a democrat, but aspires to no political prominence. He was appointed by Gov. Atkinson a member of the state board of medical examiners, and at the organizar tion of the board, at Atlanta, in January, 1895, was chosen chairman, which posi
tion he now holds.
j
CMMONS C. SMITH, fancy stockman and breeder, Hawkinsville, Ga., is one of the best known men in his line of business in the wire-grass region. His
splendid and excellently situated stock farm is the resort for all lovers of fine animals, of which he owns a large number, well bred and well trained. Mr. Smith takes an active interest in the race track and has trained a number of the horses

7i8

MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

now making fine records on the eastern tracks. Mr. Smith comes honestly by his love of horses, having been reared in old Kentucky state, where he was born at Newcastle, Henry Co., Feb. 4, 1861, the son of Samuel and Maud (Emmons) Smith. His education was obtained in the common schools of the day and at the Lexington business college, where he graduated in 1880. Mr. Smith favors the democratic party in politics, and affiliates with the masonic fraternity, Emi nence lodge, Eminence, Ky. The marriage of Mr. Smith occurred in Talmouth, Ky., where he wedded Miss Mamie Monroe, who is the mother of three bright boys: Harry Samuel, Emmons Carlisle, Jr., and Herbert Monroe.

J AMES LUCAS WALKER. The gentleman here mentioned is one of Pulaski's

most experienced and extensive planters, and a gentleman of prominence in

the public and social life of the county. He was born July 18, 1838, in Pulaski

county, and at nineteen began his life as a planter. In 1861 he entered the army

as a private of Company E of Phillips' legion, and was in all the leading battles

J

fought by this celebrated detachment of the army. And though he had numerous

i

dose calls from Yankee bullets, which pierced his clothing in many instances, he

I

returned unhurt Dec. 13, 1873, Emma P. Lamkin became his wife. But one of

J

the two children born to her lived to maturity, a daughter, Nellie, upon whom has

*

been lavished the most devoted attention, and who is a most refined and educated

i

young lady. Mr. Walker is one of the most prosperous planters of his section.

I

He devotes much attention to the raising of fine stock and has been successful

to a marked degree. He is a democrat, but courts no political distinction. The

fact that Mrs. Walker is a member of a very old and honorable family of Georgia

will excuse the mention of them in this sketch. The original family name is

peculiar in construction, being of Welsh origin. Lewis Abb Lewis Lamkin was

directly descended from the original Welsh emigrants, and was born in West-

moreland county, Va., within a few miles of the birthplace of Gen. George Wash

ington, in 1751. His sons were Samuel, Lewis Abb Lewis, the founder of the

Lamkin family in Texas; William, who died without issue, and John Lewis Lam

kin. The father of these children passed his life in Nash county, N. C., and was

a most distinguished citizen. John Lewis Lamkin was born in Nash county, N.

C., Jan. 15, 1784. He married Penelope Cain, a native of the same county, and

they became the parents of Emily, who married J. L. Wyche; Eliza, died in youth;

James Lewis, Elmira and Charity. In 1817 the family removed to Georgia, where

they settled in Telfair county. In 1857 they came to PulaskL James Lewis Lam

kin was born in Nash county, N. C., Dec. 8, 1817. He married Sarah Dillard, a

daughter of Nicholas P., an early settler of Twiggs county, and bore him three

children: Mrs. J. L. Walker, Mrs. O. A. Home and Mrs. Dr. N. P. Jelks, the

latter deceased. The father of these children was a man of very decided literary

merit, and was a citizen of unusual usefulness and prominence in Pulaski county

during his lifetime. He died in 1887 and his wife in 1890.

PUTNAM COUNTY.
A DAMS. This family is one of the most prominent and influential in Putnam county, and so intimately connected with its moral and social advancement
that no history of the county would be complete which omitted to make mention of it *Honor and uprightness of character and purpose are the foundation on

PUTNAM COUNTY SKETCHES.

719

which its influence has been established, and by which its strong individuality has been impressed on its conspicuously intelligent population. In all the elements of exalted citizenship Putnam county takes a front position among her sister counties, and this is due to the precept and example of families like this. Unam bitious of prominent political position, though sometimes reluctantly complying with urgent public demand, the Adamses have been content to exert their influence
through irreproachable private life, and being useful in the personal cultivation and inculcation of Christian principles. Tradition connects the family with the two presidents, though this Putnam branch does not positively claim such connec tion. The first reliable knowledge of the family ancestry begins with John Adams,
of Tar River, N. C., who migrated thence to Greene county, Ga., soon after the revolutionary war, where he married and raised three sons. Two of these, Rob ert and John, raised families in Greene county, while the third, William E., is
the immediate progenitor of those in Putnam county. He was born in North Carolina in 1786, and at the age of twenty years married Mrs. Mary A. (nee Rosser) Harris. In 1808 they bought 200 acres of land on Oconee river, in the eastern part of Putnam county. There they raised the following family, all of whom are dead excepting Benson W. Adams, of Eatonton: Rebecca, wife of A. D. Gatewood, died at eighty-three years of age; John F. and David R., died at sixty-seven; Mary A., wife of James A. Wilson, died when thirty years of age; Martha W., wife of Dr. Green Johnson, died when sixty-nine years of age; William, died at twenty; James Monroe, died at twenty-eight; Thomas J., died at eight; Benjamin R, died at sixty-seven; Andrew J., died at three; Benson W.,
living, Eatonton, Ga., and Asbury A., who died at the age of sixty-two years. Of the father of this family it can be said that while he did not become wealthy nor distinguished in public life, he, beginning life in a dirt floor log cabin, raised and
educated a large family, settled them about him as they reached maturity, and meanwhile increased his plantation to 1,400 acres. He was very well educated for the times, and at different periods of his life taught school. He was a soldier
in the last war with Great Britain--carrying a wound in the hand he received while in the service, and for one term represented the county in the general assembly. In his home life he was a rigid disciplinarian and was a faithful and consistent member of the Methodist church, of which he was a local preacher. Benson W.
Adams, only survivor of the family of William E. and Mary A. (Rosser) Adams, was born in Putnam county, April 27, 1825, and was first married in 1849 to Miss Ann, daughter of John Hudson, who bore him two children: John W., clerk of Putnam county superior court, and Ellis H., physician, Newborn, Newton Co., Ga. Their mother died in September, 1855. His second marriage was to Mrs. L. E. (nee Marshall) Leiter--still living--(daughter of Rev. Jabez P. Marshall, also a prominent Baptist minister, and granddaughter of Rev. Daniel Marshall, also a Baptist minister, and said to have been the founder of the first Baptist church in Georgia. Four children blessed this marriage: Leonora, widow of Dr. Arthur Dean, Atlanta; Florence A., wife of Col. James A. Noyes, Atlanta; Eu gene F., superintendent R. & D. R. R. shops, Atlanta, and Angelyn T., superin tendent of Boulevard public school, Atlanta, was married June 27, 1895, to Rev. A. A. Marshall, of Atlanta. In March, 1862, when his oppressed south-land called her sons to her rescue, he enlisted in the Forty-second Georgia regiment and served in the western army to the close of the war, most of the time as quar termaster. He was with Pemberton at the never-to-be-forgotten siege of Vicks-
burg, after which he came east, and when Gen. Johnston surrendered he was at Washington, Ga., where by virtue of his office he had charge of affairs when the specie train and the late president of the Confederacy arrived. His manage-

720

MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

ment during those perilous and trying times received the unqualified commenda tion of his superiors. He is in every respect a worthy representative of the fam
ily whose honored name he bears, and is highly esteemed by a large circle of friends.

JRBY HUDSOX ADAMS, insurance agent and planter, Eatonton, Putnam Co.,

Ga., son of David Rosser and Eliza (Hudson) Adams, was born in Eatonton,

March 31, 1843. His father, son of William Ellis and Mary A. (Rosser) Adams,

was born in Putnam county in 1810, and passed most of his life in Eatonton as a

planter and banker. He was a pupil, about 1823, of Hon. William H. Seward,

who was afterward secretary of state under President Lincoln, when he was

principal of Phoenix academy, Putnam county. He was elected a delegate to

the secession convention of 1860-61 and voted with Stephens and Johnson against

immediate secession, but when the ordinance of secession was passed he heartily

fc

supported the Confederate government Being a director in a bank which was a

*

state depository he was exempt from military service. After the war he was

"'

elected a delegate to the convention of 1866 to restore the state to the union.

About 1833 he was married to Miss Eliza Hudson, daughter of Hon. Irby Hud

son, a most prominent citizen of Putnam county, for eighteen years speaker of

the Georgia house of representatives, for a brief sketch of whose life refer to the

sketch of Hon. W. F. Jenkins. By this union ten children were born to him,

of whom two are living. Those reared to maturity were John C, who graduated

at Emory college and enlisted in the Putnam Light infantry, was wounded at

McDowell, Va., and killed at the battle of Winchester, Va., in 1863; Irby Hud-

|

son, the subject of this sketch; Emma, deceased wife of John T. Dennis, Putnam



county; William H. Capers, who died in Savannah in 1870; Jennie, wife of

Edward B. Smith, Jasper county, and Anna, deceased wife of Tucker Galloway,

now of Atlanta. The mother of these children died in 1853. Three years after

ward he married her sister Sarah, widow of Robert Trippe, by whom he had

seven children, four of them still living: D. R., Eatonton; George W., Eantonton;

Carrie, wife of William G. Little, Putnam county; Laura, wife of J. R. Brannan,

Jr., Atlanta. Mr. Adams died in 1876 in the sixty-seventh year of his age. He

was a man of superior mental and moral worth, broad-minded and public-spirited;

he had an excellent capacity for business, and was always foremost and ardent

in every public movement calculated to benefit his county, his church or the

state. He was a strong and exemplary member of the Methodist church. Bishop

Pierce said his voice was as musical as that of an angel. Irby Hudson Adams has

spent most of his lifetime in Eatonton, and had finished his preparatory studies

and was just about ready to enter college when the war between the states

occurred. May i, 1862, he enlisted in the Putnam Light infantry, Company G,

Twelfth Georgia regiment, which he joined near Staunton, Va. Eight days after

ward he participated in the McDowell fight, one of the bloodiest little battles of

the war. Of fifty-two of his company who went into battle twenty-eight were

killed and wounded, and of the 580 in the regiment over one-half were killed and

wounded, including eight captains. He was shortly after discharged on account

of physical disability, but, impelled by irresistible patriotic impulses, he re-enlisted

the following year, this time in the Twenty-seventh Georgia battalion, with which

he gallantly remained until the close, and surrendered April 26, 1865, at Greens

boro, N. C., under Gen. Joseph Johnston. On his last entrance into the service

he was elected first lieutenant and when he surrendered was a captain. After he

returned home he was appointed a clerk in the comptroller-general's office under

Col. John T. Burns, at Milledgeville, a position he retained while the state was

PUTNAM COUNTY SKETCHES.

721

under military government, and until 1868, when the capital was removed to Atlanta. He then returned to Eatonton and entered into the banking business with his father, which he continued three years with success. Retiring from banking, he directed his energies and superior abilities to the life and fire insur ance business with the splendid results which one would predict for one so pop ular, and so well capacitated every way to succeed. Energetic and enterprising, and always on the alert, he has established a large and valuable patronage. In addition to this he successfully conducts extensive planting interests. Capt. Adams was married in Eatonton in December, 1.871, to Miss Florence Reid, of Eatonton, who bore him two children: Florence and David Rosser, both of whom are at home. Their mother died in 1881, and in 1884 he was married to Miss Julia Jordan, of Eatonton, a cousin of his first wife, who died in 1885, leav ing a son, who also died in 1886. In 1887 he was married to Miss Eppie Elder, of Barnesville, Ga., who has borne him two children: Carrie Nell and Maude. In addition to his other honors Mr. Adams was captain of Company E, Second infantry, Georgia volunteers, for eighteen years, and now holds that position. Capt. Adams is a democrat, a master Mason and a Methodist, and in boyhood was an intimate companion of Joel Chandler Harris (Uncle Remus). On his paternal side he was related to the two presidents, John and John Quincy Adams, his ancestors moving from Massachusetts to North Carolina, and thence to Geor gia; was also descended from the Ellises and Rossers, of North Carolina and Virginia. His grandfather, William Ellis Adams, was a captain in the revolu tionary war, in which he was painfully wounded. He was a man of very marked mental and great moral worth. Capt. Adams' maternal ancestors were the Hudsons, of Dinwiddie county, Va.; the Featherstones, of Virginia, and the Flournoys, who were French Huguenots, who settled on the James river in Virginia, and subsequently came to Putnam county, where they were very prominent in the affairs of the county.
JOHN W. ADAMS, clerk superior court, Eatonton, Putnam Co., Ga., son of Benson W. and Ann (Hudson) Adams, was born in Putnam county, May 31,
1850. He was raised on the plantation, where he remained until of age, and received a good common school education. He commenced his business life as a clerk for his uncle, B. F. Adams, a merchant of Eatonton, who was also clerk of the superior court. His uncle, after he had filled this office ten years, died, and. in 1889, the subject of this sketch was elected to succeed him. He has been elected three times since successively, though opposed by some of the best and strongest men in the county. Mr. Adams was married in Eatonton, Aug. 3, 1880, to Miss Ella C., daughter of Jefferson and Susan Adams. Her father was a prominent lawyer of Eatonton, and her mother a daughter of Hon. James A. Meriwether, one of Georgia's most distinguished citizens, of state and national reputation, having been elected repeatedly to the general assembly, presided as judge of Ocmulgee circuit superior court, and having been a congressman. Three children have blessed this union: Meriwether Flournoy, Julia Carlton and Ella Gertrude. His family connections by birth and marriage being of the most honorable and distinguished character, and himself being of the most genial nature, it is not strange he is almost invincible before the people. He is a stanch democrat, a master Mason--secretary of his lodge for years--and a member of
the Presbyterian church.
THOMAS BUTLER COUPER, leading cotton factor, Eatonton, Putnam Co., ' Ga., son of William A. and Hannah P. (King) Cpuper, was born on St Simon's Island, Glynn Co., Ga., Nov. 4, 1858. His progenitors on both sides are among
n-48

722

MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

Georgia's earliest settlers, and the most distinguished and highly connected

I'

families of Georgia. The following very interesting sketch of his paternal grand

father is copied from White's Historical Collections: "John Couper was born

at Lochwinnoch, Renfrewshire, Scotland, on March 9, 1759, an(l vras te third

son of the Rev. John Couper, clergyman of that parish. His eldest brother was

for more than a quarter of a century regius professor of astronomy in the

university of Glasgow; and his second brother, Dr. William Couper, a distin

guished surgeon of that city, was with Mr. Tennant, the inventor of chloride

of lime, which as a bleaching material has exercised a most important effect on

textile fabrics. Mr. Couper emigrated to Georgia at the early age of sixteen, and

arrived in Savannah during the autumn of 1775, as a clerk in the house of Lundy

& Co. On the breaking out of the revolutionary war he retired with his employers

to Florida, where he remained until the peace of 1783, when he returned to

Liberty county, Ga., where, in the year 1792, he married a daughter of CoL James

Maxwell. The death of Mrs. Couper preceded his own only a short time, after

a union of more than fifty years. The talents and integrity of Mr. Couper at once

gave him a leading influence in society, and soon after his removal to Glynn

county that influence was successfully exercised against the Yazoo fraud, of

which he was an indignant opponent, and which, as one of the members of the

legislature of 1796, he aided in defeating. In 1798 Mr. Couper represented Glynn

county in the convention that framed the constitution of Georgia; and at the time

of his death himself and his friend, Mr. Spalding, of Sapelo Island, were the only

survivors of that body. Having embarked very extensively in the cultivation of

Sea Island cotton, Mr. Couper at an early period withdrew himself from politics,

and during the remainder of a long life devoted himself to the discharge of the

duties of a private gentleman. In making this selection his talents and character

were probably more valuable to the community than if he had adopted a career of

more notoriety, but of less practical utility. Living in a style of refined and most

liberal hospitality, generous and enlarged in all his views, his example exercised

an elevating influence on all around him. For many years one of the largest

proprietors in the state, his system of treatment of his slaves, which was in

accordance with his humane and just feelings, produced a happy effect on those

around him, and has continued to influence the condition of that class of persons

throughout the seaboard. Mr. Couper possessed a conversational talent equaled

by few; and having been endowed with a tenacious memory his reminiscences

of the early history of Georgia are highly interesting. Mr. Couper died in March,

1850, having just completed his ninety-first year." In 1798 Mr. Couper bought

large bodies of land--including St Simon's Island--on the coast of Glynn county,

living on the island until he died. Here he reared four children: James H., one

of the largest planters on the coast, a profound scholar, and a cultured gentleman,

one whose extensive and varied information was a marvel to all who came in

contact with him; John, who died young; William A., father of the subject of

this sketch, and Isabella. The father of our subject, William A. Couper, married

Hannah P., eldest daughter of Hon. Thomas Butler King, himself one of

Georgia's most distinguished citizens. He represented Georgia in congress in

1839-43, and again in 1845-49; and during a part of the time two other brothers--

Andrew and Henry--were in congress with him as representatives of other

states. Afterward, during the administration of President Taylor and Fillmore

--1851-52-53--.Mr. King was collector of the port of San Francisco, Cal. The

other children of Mr. King were Thomas B., Jr., the eldest; Mallory, a distinr

guished officer in the late war; John Floyd, member of congress from Louisiana

just after the war; Henry L., killed in Virginia during the war, and Capt Richard

C., now in Macon, Ga.; Mrs. James Wilder; Mrs. (Gen.) Henry R. Jackson, and

PUTNAM COUNTY SKETCHES.

723

Mrs. John Nisbet, Savannah. Mrs. King's grandfather, Page, was an officer in the British army before the revolutionary war, lived in South Carolina during that conflict, and was the subject of much abuse. Her father, William Page, was
a major in a South Carolina legion. Mr. Couper's parents reared the following children: William P., Washington, D. C, in charge of a department in the patent office; Butler K., cotton factor. Marietta, Ga.; John A., civil engineer Marietta & North Georgia railway, Marietta; Anna R., Airs. Charles M. Marshall,
Rome, Ga.; Rosalie, Mrs. Echarte Van Walder, Atlanta; and Thomas B., the subject of this sketch. Mr. Couper's boyhood and youth covered the war period, so that he received but a limited education, in Savannah. When sixteen years of age he accepted a clerkship in a furniture house in Rome, Ga., whence, after a year, he went to Savannah, where he engaged in the cotton business. In 1884 he moved to Eatonton, where he has since been engaged in cotton factorage business under the firm-name of T. B. Couper & Co., whose transactions are
direct with the mills and with Europe. Popular, pushing and persistent, he is enjoying great business prosperity. Mr. Couper was married Feb. 3, 1887, to the only daughter of Dr. R. H. NisbeL He is a democrat, a master Mason, and a member of the Protestant Episcopal church.

" A LF" DAVIS, druggist, Eatonton, Putnam Co., Ga.. son of W. C. and Elizabeth (Mason) Davis, was born in Eatonton, Dec. 14, 1834. His grand
father came from North Carolina to Georgia the latter part of the last century and settled in what is now Jackson county. He was related to ex-President Jefferson Davis, being descended from one, and the ex-president from another
of four brothers, who came from England to America. His grandfather was a planter and lived in Jackson county until he died. He was of a vigorous con
stitution, raised two families of children, and lived to quite an advanced age. Mr. Davis' father was born in Jackson county in 1812. He was married in Eatonton in 1833, and came to Putnam county in 1840. He was a planter; but in 1850 he moved from the plantation to Eatonton and engaged in merchandising. Although of delicate frame and health, he was a man of untiring energy, enterprising and
thrifty. In manners he was extremely retiring and modest, yet very popular. He was clerk of the superior court many years, and was treasurer of the county
at the time of his death, which occurred in July, 1872. His widow died in 1879. They raised a family of seven children: "Alf," the subject of this sketch; Mary, deceased; John W., planter, Putnam county; James'T., deceased, 1883; Edward
S., enlisted in the war as sergeant of Putnam Light Infantry company, and was killed in battle at McDowell, Va., May 8, 1862; Clark M., merchant, Eatonton, Ga., and treasurer of the county; and Carrie D., wife of B. R. Paschal, planter, Putnam county. His maternal grandfather, John C. Mason, settled in the county the year succeeding its organization, in 1808. He was of Welsh descent, a
planter, became quite wealthy, as well as prominent in county affairs, and died in 1846 at an advanced age. Mr. Davis was raised and educated in Eatonton; but at the age of twenty went to Tyler, Tex., where he engaged in merchandising, in which he prospered and continued until 1861, when he enlisted in Goode's battery. He was elected junior first lieutenant and remained with it twelve months
in Arkansas and Mississippi, participating in the Elk Horn Tavern fight, and all the battles around Corinth, Miss. Just before the battle of Shiloh his twelve
months expired and he returned to his old Eatonton home. In a short time he enlisted in Nelson's Rangers, a cavalry company, with which he served in the Kentucky and then in the Mississippi campaigns, as escort for Gen. Stephen D.
Lee. whence the command was ordered to Georgia to reinforce Gen Johnson.

-ad

I,
i

724

MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

Becoming tired of body-guard service he obtained a transfer to the First Texas legion, was appointed sergeant-major, and became a part of Ross' Texas brigade of cavalry, in which he served the entire Atlanta campaign. After the fall of Atlanta the command went with Gen. Hood to Kentucky. Mr. Davis, however, was taken sick at Florence, Ala., where he remained until Gen. Hood's return, when he went to Mississippi and remained until the surrender. Returning to Texas he re-established himself in business, and continued in it until 1885, when he sold out, came back to Georgia the year following, and went into general merchandising in Eatonton. In 1889 he bought out a drug store and has been successfully engaged in that business since. He has a beautiful home in Eatonton, and an intelligent and cultured family of the highest social standing. Genial and affable, he is very popular and does a good business. Mr. Davis was married Aug. 30, 1866. in Tyler, Tex., to Mrs. Julia H. (nee Harwick) Baxter, who has borne him five children: Fred J., railway manager, Temple, Tex.; Lallic F., at home; William H., Savannah, Ga.; George E., agent for Wanamaker & Brown, Eatonton; and Erne E., at home. He is a democrat, a member of the I. O. O. F., of several insurance fraternities, and of the Protestant Episcopal church.

1 T. de JARNETTE, planter, Eatonton, Putaam Co., Ga., son of Reuben R. and Mary (Bass) de Jarnette, was born in Putnam county, Aug. 6,1835. The
family is of Huguenot ancestry, and on coming to America settled in the neigh borhood of Danville, Va., where members of it are now prominent in the commun ity. Reuben de Jarnette, grandfather of the subject of this sketch, saw service in the patriot army during the revolutionary war, afterward became a government surveyor, and near the close of the last century came to Georgia and settled in Han cock count}'. He was appointed by the governor to survey Putnam county, a duty he performed to the entire satisfaction of the state officials. In the land-drawing on the formation of the county, he drew land in what is now the suburbs of Eatonton, where he lived many years, finally moving to the eastern part of the county, where he built the first brick building erected in that county. He lived there till he died, about 1830. He had been liberally educated, and was very refined in his manners. He married a Miss Reid soon after coming to Hancock county, by whom he had four children: Reuben R., and three daughters. Mr. de Jarnette's father was born in Putnam county in 1811. In 1832 he married Miss Mary Bass, one of a family of twelve children, all of whom lived to be married. The six sons were men of great force of character, very successful, and became wealthy planters. SixchildrenwereborntoMr.de Jarnette by this marriage: Louisa, who died at eighteen; J. T., the subject of this sketch; Reuben R., planter, Putnam county; Ella, deceased wife of J. D. Norris, Cartersville, Ga.; Nathan H., planter, Greene county, Ga.; Emma Nashville, widow of J. W. Thomas, formerly state treasurer of Tennessee. Mr. de Jarnette's father, true to his Huguenot blood, was of a sanguine and very excitable temperament, enthusiastic and public spirited. All the family were democrats and ardent Methodists. He was a leading mem ber of the church, and a great power for good in the community--energetic, thrifty, and a generous liver. His wife died in 1868, and himself in 1883. Mr. de Jarnette has made Putnam his life-long home. After receiving his preparatory edu cation he entered Emory college, Oxford, Ga., whence he was graduated as a second honor man in 1855. He immediately began the study of medicine under Dr. L. D. Rogers, of Eatonton; then attended lectures at the Medical college of Georgia, Augusta, whence he graduated in 1857. Locating in Eatonton, he practiced with profit and eminent success until the close of the war, when his largely increased planting interests compelled him to abandon the practice and devote his entire

PUTNAM COUNTY SKETCHES.

725

attention to them. In 18/3 he moved to his plantation, on the Oconee river, about
twelve miles east of Eatonton, and is living in the house in which his mother was born. The plantation contains about 1,700 acres, and .is said to be one of the finest in the county. On it is a famous mineral spring, which at one time was a favorite resort. In 1860 he was selected unsolicited as a delegate from the state
at large to the national democratic convention at Baltimore, but declined on account of the pressure of his private affairs. In 1876 he was elected to represent the Twenty-eighth senatorial district in the general assembly. On the expiration of his two years' term of service he was widely and numerously petitioned by his fellowcitizens to allow himself to be nominated to represent the county in the general assembly, but he peremptorily declined. When the Alliance was organized he enthusiastically entered into it, took an absorbing interest in it, became a poten tially influential power in its councils, and was elected president of the county organ ization. As president he never allowed a motion of a political nature to be entertained, but insisted on holding its legislation to its original policy. He attained to such prominence that he was brought forward as a candidate for president of the state alliance, but finding that a majority of the members favored going into politics, he withdrew his name. He next devoted his thought and energies to the establishment of a co-operative store at Eatonton, under Alliance auspices. Not
withstanding it encountered bitter opposition, the enterprise, with the active, intelli gent assistance of Dr. N. S. Walker, Mr. J. T. Dennis and a few others, has been phenomenally successful. Based on a paid-up capital of $20,000, it has done a spot-cash business of $125,000 a year. For three years past its success has been such that it has been necessary to declare dividends, it not being desirable to in crease the capital. It occupies five large rooms, handles all kinds of merchandise, and employs eight or ten clerks. In financial standing no store in the state out ranks it. Mr. de Jarnette is president of the board of directors. A very gratifying outgrowth of this remarkable success has been, first, the establishment of the Putnam County Banking company, the directors of which are the same as those of the Alliance store, with Mr. de Jarnette as president; and, second, the organization and establishment of the Middle Georgia bank, as a competitor. Thus, as a direct result of the success of this strictly farmers' enterprise, two sound, well-managed banking institutions are in successful operation, to the incalculable benefit of the people, where there was none before. This experience inculcates, practically, a very important lesson. Mr. de Jarnette was married in Eatonton in 1858 to Miss
Mary McGee Trippe, a member of the old and prominent family of that name, who bore him two children: Henry R., planter, Putnam county; and Mary, wife of William L. Turner, manager of the Alliance store. Their mother died in 1861. Subsequently he married Miss Addie Reid, by whom he had two sons: Sidney, who was graduated from Emory college, with third honor, in June, 1894, and who now, in his twentieth year, is principal of the male academy, Covington, Ga.; and John B., now a student in the sophomore class at Emory college. In 1884 their mother died, and Mr. de Jarnette1 married Miss Marv Bass, of Glennville, Ala., who has borne him no children. Mr. de Jarnette is an uncompromising democrat, and a working, exemplary member of the Methodist church, of which he is a
prominent official.

U R. de JARNETTE, planter-capitalist, Eatonton, Putnam Co., Ga., son of J.T. * and Miss Mary McGee (Trippe) de Jarnette, was born in Putnam county, April
12,1859. He received his academic education in Eatonton, and then attended Emory college, Oxford, Ga., graduating in 1879. He settled immediately after ward on a magnificent 2,ooo-acre plantation adjoining his father, deciding to make
agriculture the chief pursuit of his life. Intelligent and progressive, and devoted to

726

MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

agricultural development, he has been eminently successful and prosperous. Him self and father were actively instrumental in establishing the Farmers' alliance in Putnam county, he having been county lecturer and organizer. When it entered the field of politics they quietly withdrew. He is the largest stockholder in the Alliance store, which carries a stock of $20,000; a stockholder in the Putnam Coun ty Banking company, his father being president of both, and also in the Cotton Compress company. He has been on the county board of school commissioners since 1887--an enthusiastic and progressive member. Through his enlightened and energetic activity the Putnam county school system has attained great efficiency and an enviable reputation. The upbuilding of the schools, and a general ad vancement in all lines of intelligent progress, is an object near his heart. He was a delegate in 1893 to the National Farmers' congress, which met in Savannah. Mr. de Jarnette was married in Putnam county Xov. 17, 1880, to Miss Louisa de Jamette, daughter of W. F. Little, who, prior to his death, was one of the wealthiest farmers in the county. She was born and reared in the county, and was graduated in 1879 at Lucy Cobb institute, Athens, Ga., with first honors. Four children have blessed their home: William L., May, Margie, and Louise. Mr. de Jarnette is a democrat, and a member of the county executive committee. He is a leading and exemplary member and a steward of the Methodist church; is superintendent of the Sunday school, and has been a lay delegate to the annual conference. It is such men as Mr. de Jarnette that are needed in public life; and the time cannot be distant when the people of his county and section will call for his services, and advance him to honor and distinction.

C B. EZELL, merchant, banker and planter, Eatonton, Putnam Co., Ga., son of John H. and Emma (Powell) Ezell, was born in Jasper county, Ga., Oct. 31,
1850. Of Huguenot ancestry, the family on migrating to America originally set tled in Virginia, whence they moved to South Carolina. From there Mr. Ezell's great-grandfather, a Mr. Ezell, moved to Georgia and settled in Burke count}-. He afterward moved to Jasper county, where he died. He was a planter, and his family were raised to be planters, and continued their residence in Jasper county --where Mr. Ezell's father now lives at the age of seventy-one years. The family was progressive and thrifty, and became wealth}'. Politically they were whigs and opposed to secession. Mr. Ezell's grandfather Powell married in Hancock county; and Powelton in that county was named in his honor. His parents raised four children: E. B., the subject of this sketch; Robert, planter, Jasper county; William, merchant, Hillsboro, Ga.: Mattie, wife of S. F. Malone, merchantplanter, Hillsboro, Ga. Mr. Ezell's mother died in 1867--his father served during the unpleasantness in the western army. Mr. Ezell was reared in Jasper county and received an ordinary education; because, as his father enlisted in the army he had to superintend the plantation. After the war he went to school six months. When eighteen years old he began his business life by engaging as a clerk in Monticello, Jasper county. A year afterward--Jan. 3, 1870--he came to Eatonton, and clerked a year for j. A. Champion, for which he received $200. He next engaged with Leverett & Graybill at $600, and the following year with Mr. Leverett at $750 a year. Accepting the offer of a partnership he entered into busi ness under the firm name of Leverett & Ezell. Withdrawing at the end of a year he, in 1874. with $500 capital, became a. partner in the firm of Etheridge & Ezell. In 1876 he bought out his partner, and continued the business alone one year. He then sold an interest to B. W. Hunt and organized the firm of E. B. Ezell & Co., which has been phenomenally successful and prosperous, and still exists. They carry a stock of about $18,000, and have done a business amounting to $120,000 per annum. He is a prominent stockholder in the compress company;

PUTNAM COUNTY SKETCHES.

7*7

and in February, 1890, he was made president of the Middle Georgia bank. Besides his mercantile and the above important interests, he owns and conducts
a plantation running' forty-five plows and producing annually 300 bales of cotton, In addition to managing these large and varied interests, he has served the public as chairman of the board of county commissioners thirteen years. The accom plishment of these grand results demonstrate business talent and capacity of rto ordinary character. Business courage and enterprise, directed by sagacity and tempered with caution--all governed by unbending financial integrity, was a pre requisite combination to work out such a creditable and astonishing business-- non-speculative--success. Mr. Ezell was married in Eatonton, June 5, 1870, to Miss Anna Belle Pruden--born in Connecticut--daughter of Sidney C. Pruden, who, for fifty-four years, consecutively was postmaster at Eatonton; a significant compliment to his efficiency and official integrity. Two children have blessed this union: Marie Belle and Percy Powell. Mr. Ezell is a member of the Pres byterian church, in which he is an elder.

D W. HUTCHINSON, merchant, Eatonton, Putnam Co., Ga., son of T. S. and Sarah E. (Stevens) Hutchinson, was born in Greene county, Ga., April
2, 1856. Of Scotch origin, the family when it came to America in colonial days, settled in Virginia. There Mr. Hutchinson's grandfather, Ambrose Hutchinson, was born and reared. When a young man he migrated to Georgia, settled in
Greene county, where he married Miss Rachel Robbins, a South Carolina lady, and commenced the life of a planter. He was prosperous, became a large slave owner, acquired a large property and reared a large family of children, who are scattered over the states to the west--notably in Texas. Mr. Hutchinson's father was born and reared in Greene county, where he was married in 1853, an<l where himself and wife still live. Like his father before him, he also is a planter. Politically he is a stanch democrat--religiously an ardent Methodist. To them four children have been born: Lula M., wife of W. G. Armor, merchant, Greenesboro, Ga.; R. W., the subject of this sketch; Taliaferro, planter, Greene county; and T. A., merchant, Monticello, Co. Mr. Hutchinson was given a fairly good education. Finding mercantile life--from a very brief experience--congenial to
his taste, he determined to make a life pursuit of it. As a preparatory step he wisely determined to take a course at Moore's Business university, at Atlanta; finishing which he came to Eatonton and engaged as a clerk in the dry goods
house of W. R. Respess. In 1878 he bought a half interest in the business which was conducted under the firm name of Hutchinson & Respess until the fall of
1880, when he sold out to his partner. The following year, with quite limited means, but plenty of pluck and energy, he began business on his own account. By strict economy, untiring industry, a determination to win popular favor and
succeed, he has achieved a splendid success. He has now invested about $25,000 --his stock consisting exclusively of dry goods and boots and shoes. Besides, he holds considerable choice city property, and owns a beautiful home. This has all been accomplished with small capital and in face of hot competition. His wide awake business practice is shown by his going to New York twice a year to look
through the market instead of buying by sample. Mr. Hutchinson was married in Eatonton, Oct. 20, 1878, to Miss Georgia Flournoy, youngest daughter of David and Amerillus Rosser, of an old and prominent family of the county, by whom he has had five children: Rolin W., Jr.. Mamie E., Robert F., Georgia F., and Emma L. Mr. Hutchinson is a democrat, and a member of the Methodist
church.

728

MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

7. JEXKIXS, judge of Ocmulgee circuit, Georgia superior court, Eatonton, Putnam Co., Ga., son of Robert C. and Caroline (Hudson) Jenkins, was born in Sumter county, Ga., March 26, 1845. His paternal grandfather, Robert Jenkins, came from North Carolina to Georgia when a young man, and \vas one among the early settlers of Putnam county. He married a Miss San ders, and settled as a planter on Cedar creek, leaving, when he died, quite a large estate. He raised three sons and two daughters: One daughter married a William T. Young, and the other married a John Jackson--and both are now deceased. Of the sons, Augustus lived and died a bachelor, wealthy; Franklin S. lived and died in Putnam county, leaving two sons and a daughter. The father and sons \vere all planters. Judge Jenkins' father was born and raised and married in Putnam county. Soon after his marriage he moved to Sumter county, where he lived seventeen years and then returned to Putnam county. A pronounced whig, he took much interest in politics, and represented Sumter county one term in the general assembly. On his return to Putnam county he made his home in Eaton ton, visiting his plantation as occasion required. He was bitterly opposed to secession, using his utmost influence against it; but when the ordinance was adopted he was as earnest in support of the lost cause, and sent four sons to do battle for it. He died in Eatonton--a long-time devoted Methodist--in 1890, at the age of seventy-one years. Judge Jenkins' maternal grandfather, Irby Hudson, was a native of Dimviddie county, Va., where he married a Miss Frances Flournoy--a union of two families then and now prominent in Virginia politics and society. After his marriage he migrated to Georgia, and was one of the pioneers of Putnam county. He supplemented his large planting interests with an exten sive general merchandise store in Eatonton, and became a prominent, and, prob ably the most influential politician in that part of the state--particularly in Put nam county. He was an ardent democrat--represented the county in one or the other branch of the general assembly thirty-one years--twenty-seven of which were consecutive; and was speaker of the house nineteen years. He reared a large family of children, all of whom were substantial citizens. Judge Jenkins' mother died in February, 1884, having given birth to eight children: Robert H., planter, Jones county, Ga.; William F., the subject of this sketch; B. W., planter, Baldwin county, Ga; W. G. (deceased); Caroline V., died in girlhood; Georgia E., single; David H., planter, Sumter county; and H. A., lawyer, Eaton ton, Ga. Judge Jenkins was twelve years old when his father returned to Eaton ton from Sumter county. His education was interrupted by the unfortunate unpleasantness, he entering the Confederate service in 1861 as a private in the Putnam Light infantry, which became Company G, Twelfth Georgia regiment, and remaining in active service until the surrender, except when disabled by wounds. His first war experience was in the battle of Greenbrier river, W. Va. At Cedar Run he was twice slightly wounded; at Second Manassas he had his left hip and right ankle broken; these wounds still give him serious trouble. As soon as he was pronounced able he returned to his command and was appointed ordnance sergeant of Gen. Dole's (afterward Gen. Phil. Cook's) brigade--a posi tion he held until the end of the war. Returning from the war he attended school at home a few months and then went to the university of Virginia, where he studied law two years, receiving the degree of Bachelor of Laws in the summer of 1868. A member of the faculty was Dr. John B. Minor, one of the best and most erudite law teachers in the Union. He is still connected with the school. At the succeeding September term of Putnam superior court, Judge Philip B. Robinson presiding, he was admitted to the bar, and at once entered upon a suc cessful professional career. He continued alone until his brother was admitted

PUTNAM COUNTY SKETCHES.

729

when the law firm of W. F. & H. A. Jenkins was founded, which continued until its senior was elected to the judgeship. In 1873 ne was elected to represent
Putnam county in the general assembly--defeating a colored opponent, and thus breaking the backbone and inflicting a death-blow upon carpet-baggism. In 1884 he was again elected, and was specially identified with the railway legisla
tion which was then a leading topic. In the fall of 1886 he entered the race for the
judgeship. of Ocmulgee circuit against three other able aspirants, and was elected by an overwhelming majority--145 out of 212 votes--more than doubling all the
votes cast for his three opponents. In 1890 he was re-elected without opposition. In 1893 he announced that he would not be a candidate for re-election, having in contemplation the resumption of the practice of the law. Judge Jenkins has been mayor of Eatonton, and chairman of the board of county commissioners; has
held other minor local offices; and is now commander of R. T. Davis camp of Confederate veterans, Eatonton and Putnam county. Judge Jenkins was married in Webster county, Ga., near the S.imter line, May n, 1870, to Miss Leila L'.
Head, born in Madison Parish, La., daughter of Joseph C. and Ulrica Steptoe (Damaron) Head. Miss Head, on the death of, her mother in Louisiana, was
reared by Col. and Mrs. Joseph Wood, Woodlawn, Webster Co. The Steptoe family made a fine record in Virginia during the revolutiontry war. His wife's
father is a descendant of Sir Walter Head, once governor-general of Canada; and
two of her father's uncles, Benjamin and Elbert Head, and Samuel Davis, (a brother of ex-President Jefferson Davis) married three sisters Throckmorton,
a near relative of whom has been governor of Texas. While in Louisiana his wife's father was president of the levee board, a responsible and very important office; afterward, in Alabama, was a member of the legislature. He now resides
in Auburn, Ala. Mrs. Jenkins attended the celebrated Vassal- college, New York, two years. Three children have blessed this marriage; Joseph W. R., graduated in 1894 at the university of Virginia, with degrees of A. B. and A. M. --preparing for the Baptist ministry; Carrie V., completed her education at
Shorter college, Rome, Ga., then took a special course at the Art Students' league, New York city; W. F., Jr., a student at the university of Virginia. Judge Jenkins is an exemplary member of the Baptist church.

IJ A. JENKINS is a brother of Judge William F. Jenkins, was the junior mem ber of the former law firm of W. F. & H. A. Jenkins, and possesses in a marked degree the intellectual and business characteristics for which the family
is distinguished. He was born in Americus, Sumter Co., Ga., March 21, 1855. He was two years old when his father moved back to Eatonton, where he grew to manhood and received his literary education. He then entered the law depart ment of the university of Georgia, at Athens, and was graduated in 1876. He located in Eatonton, commenced the practice, and at once made an excellent reputation and secured a large and influential clientage. His rapid advancement in his profession and his financial prosperity give promise of a brilliant career professionally and the addition of higher political distinction whenever he gets ready to contest for it. In 1882 he was elected to represent the county in the
general assembly, where business legislation received his especial attention; he, however, took great interest and was largely instrumental in strengthening the restrictions on the liquor traffic in the county. Closely following his legislative term was his election as mayor of Eatonton--serving one term with exceptional success. In the campaign of 1884 he did very efficient work as president of the Young Men's Democratic club of Putnam county. Through his tact and energy it was made a very strong and effective organization. The next eight years, classi-

73

MEMOIRS OP GEORGIA.

cally speaking, he "sawed wood," but forged ahead wonderfully to a front position

in his profession. In 1892 he was elected to represent the Twenty-eighth sena

torial district in the general assembly, in which body he was made chairman of the

committee on railroads and served on many other committees. He was also

placed on a special committee to consider the matter of a reduction of pensions;

the committee's report favorable to the same was adopted. In 1894 Mr. Jenkins

was again elected to represent the county in the general assembly, was made

chairman of the general judiciary committee, member of several other committees

and chairman on the part of the house of the committee to review the work of the

codifiers. He was also made chairman of the democratic joint caucus, and has

been favorably mentioned by his friends and the press of the state as speaker

of the next house of representatives. Mr. Jenkins was married in Eatonton, Feb.

5, 1879, to Miss Tallulah, only child of L. C. Dennis, for a long term of years

in charge of the railway interests of the city. He was a son of Michael Dennis,

mention of whom is made elsewhere in this volume. Six children have blessed

I *

this union: Roy H., Caroline H., Tallulah D., Georgia, Robert C. and Wilbur G.

:

Mr. Jenkins is a trustee of the-Eatonton Male and Female academy, a master

Mason and a member of the Methodist church.

C R. LAWRENCE, ex-sheriff, Eatonton, Putnam Co., Ga., son of Dr. J. W. and Elizabeth (Mitchenell) Lawrence, was born in Cuthbert, Randolph Co.,
Ga., Oct. 27, 1842. His ancestors came from England and settled in New York, where some of the members of the family became prominent in public affairs-- one having been governor and another a senator.. His great-grandfather, John Lawrence, migrated from New York to Virginia, whence he came to Georgia in the latter part of the last century and settled in what is now Hancock county, and raised a large family and there died. There his grandfather, S. J. Lawrence, was born in 1791. He married a Miss Ward, became one of the wealthiest planters in the county, as well as one of the most influential politically. He was an "old-
line" whig, represented the county several times in the general assembly, and was elected as a union man to the convention of 1860-61. He died in-1869, aged seventy-eight years. Mr. Lawrence's father was born in Hancock county, and was given a good education. He next attended lectures at and was graduated
from Jefferson Medical college, Philadelphia, Pa. After practicing jmedicine in Hancock county two years he located in Cuthbert, Randolph Co., where he soon afterward married Miss Elizabeth Mitchenell, daughter of W. B. Mitchenell, who was of a South Carolina family. Dr. Lawrence had lived in Cuthbert about six years, had built up a fine practice, and had become so well known and so popular that, in 1845, ne was elected to represent Randolph county in the general assembly. While in Milledgeville (then the state capital) in attendance on that body he contracted typhoid fever, of which he died. He was an exemplary mem ber of the Methodist church and an ardent Mason. Mr. Lawrence now has his father's masonic apron, a valued souvenir, in his possession. His mother, after
his father's death, married a gentleman named G. N. King, and is now living near Cuthbert. He lived with his mother until he was twelve years old, when he went to Hancock county to his grandfather Lawrence, who reared and educated him.
In May, 1861, he enlisted in Company B, Fifth Georgia regiment, which was ordered to Pensacola, Fla., where it was stationed nine months. There he had an attack of typhoid fever, was discharged, and came home. He afterward en listed in Company B, Forty-seventh Georgia regiment, and was made second sergeant. This regiment was sent to James island, near Charleston, S. C., where it remained six months. During this period 4he battle of Secessionville was

PUTNAM COUNTT SKETCHES.

731

fought, in which the junior first lieutenant was killed, and Mr. Lawrence was elected to fill the vacancy. The regiment was ordered to Vicksburg, Miss., but the city was surrendered before the regiment reached there. After a week's fight
ing around Jackson the command was ordered to East Tennessee. He was in the three days' battle at Chickamauga in which--the captain being absent and he having been promoted to the first lieutenancy--he was in command. He was in
Gen. Pope's corps, carried thirty-eight men into battle, and brought six out. He was in the battles of Lookout Mountain and Missionary Ridge, was promoted to
the captaincy of his company at Dalton, Ga., and was more or less engaged during the entire Atlanta campaign. On arriving at Atlanta the regiment was found to be so badly cut up it was sent to James island again--this time to recruit That
this command had "seen service" and fought desperately is demonstrated by the fact that of 1,300 men in the regiment when it left Vicksburg, only ninety-seven reached Atlanta, and of 107 in Capt. Lawrence's company only thirteen reached Atlanta. On the reorganization of the regiment on James island there was a very warmly contested competitive examination to determine which officers should
be retained--in which Capt. Lawrence and his first lieutenant were successful. The new command became Company F, First Georgia regiment. Gen. Sherman was then at Savannah, and Capt. Lawrence's regiment participated in nearly all
the engagements from there to Bentonville, N. C. He was paroled in Greensboro, N. C., and arrived home May 25,1865, having been in the army four years, lacking five days. In January, 1877, ne was elected sheriff of the county, and so entirely satisfactory was his service that he has been re-elected continuously since without opposition. During that time he has been in many tight places, having been shot at a number of times, and hit once by a negro, who shot him with a load of buckshot. He absolutely declines a re-election for another term in deference to the dying request of his wife that he should do so for the sake of the children. His geniality and suavity of disposition are remarkable, and these traits, in happy combinadon with good business qualities and an unquestioned courage, made
him the efficient and popular sheriff that he has been. He has a pretty cottagehome in the suburbs of Eatonton, where, surrounded by his family, he is pre pared to pleasantly pass his declining years. Mr. Lawrence was married in Putnam county, Sept 15, 1864, to Miss Sadie E. Pearson, born and reared in the
county, daughter of Judge Samuel Pearson, a member of one of Putnam county's pioneer families. This union was blessed with seven children: D. P., died at the age of twenty-seven years; S. R., Jr., school teacher, Sumter county, Ga.; L. G., Eatonton, Ga.; Elizabeth, graduate of Wesleyan Female college, Macon, Ga., 1894; W. S., at home; S. J., at home, and Sarah E., at home. The two oldest boys were graduates of Emory college, Oxford, Ga.. and D. P., the first-born, is spoken of as a young man of unusual merit and promise, the shock of whose death the mother never recovered from. She died Oct. 23, 1893, a *ew months after the death of the son on whom both parents doted. Mr. Lawrence is a
master Mason and a devoted member of the Methodist church.

THOMAS G. LAWSON. Among old Putnam's distinguished citizens is the
present honorable representative in the national congress for the eighth con gressional district, a man of marked individuality and a personality which attracts the best men in all parties. Thomas G. Lawson is the son of Reese and Elizabeth (Keaton) Lawson, and was born in the county where he has passed his lifetime
in May of 1835. The Lawsons settled in Hancock county, Ga., from Virginia after the revolutionary war. Here the grandfather of the above gentleman, David Lawson, was born and reared to manhood. He married a Miss Reese, and set-

MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

tling in the northeastern portion of Putnam county, reared a family of five chil

dren, Reese Lawson being the eldest son. To the marriage of the latter were born

but two sons, Thomas G. and Reese. The last named went to Texas before the

war, and enlisting in one of the famous cavalry companies of that state, was

J

killed while bravely doing his duty at the battle of Shiloh. Putnam county has

fc

always been noted for her wealthy and cultured people. This was particularly

*

true of her for the two decades preceding the war, when there lived within her

borders a people of the highest refinement and the broadest culture. Among this

people Thomas G. Lawson came to manhood, receiving a good academic educa

tion, which was later supplemented by a course at Mercer university, where he

was graduated in 1855. Choosing the law for a profession, he became a student

in the office of ex-Judge of the Supreme Court Starnes, at Augusta, and was

admitted to the bar there in 1856. Returning to his boyhood home, he began

the practice in partnership with CapL Richard T. Davis. Success attended his

efforts, and as years added to his experience, he built up a reputation which

refused to be compassed by the narrow bounds of his own judicial district, but

passed to a state-wide significance, and for many years before his retirement from

active practice in 1890 Judge Lawson was regarded as a power both as a coun

selor and before a jury. The public life of Judge Lawson has been both useful

and varied. He represented his county in the legislature from 1861 to 1865 and

again in 1888 and 1889. He was a delegate to the constitutional convention of

1877. In 1878 he was made judge of the superior court of Ocmulgee circuit and

served for two terms of lour years each. In 1890 he was the choice of his party

to meet the rising tide of populism in his district, and after a spirited canvass was

triumphantly elected. Again in 1892 and 1894 he defeated his populist opponent

by a good round majority, though it was confidently predicted that every member

of the Georgia delegation would be retired to private life. The brief limits of this

sketch will not admit of a detailed account of the service of Judge Lawson in

the halls of congress. Suffice it to say that his sound financial views and his

devotion to the democratic party mark him as a safe man--a man to be trusted

by the people. In November of 1860 Judge Lawson was married to Miss Mary

F. Reid, a member of an old and prominent family, whose history will be given

under the sketch of Capt. John S. Reid, found elsewhere in this volume.

If D. LITTLE, planter, Spivey, Putnam Co., Ga., son of Kinchen and Christine

(Stinson) Little, was born'in Putnam county, Feb. 16, 1830. His paternal

grandfather. Abram Little, was born and raised in North Carolina, and when a

young man came to Georgia and settled in Burke county. He afterward moved

to Baldwin county, followed the life of a planter and raised a family of two sons

and two daughters, and there he died. Mr. Little's father was born and reared

in Baldwin county, but married his wife in Putnam county, whose family (Stinson)

came to the county in 1807, when it was organized. They lived and died on the

plantation where Mr. Little now lives, and raised eleven children, all attaining to

maturity: William F., deceased; L. L., deceased: Ann C., deceased; S. D.,

deceased; James, killed near Richmond, during the Seven Days' fight; K. D.,

the subject of this sketch; A. A., deceased; M. E., wife of J. J. Lawrence, Atlanta,

Ga.; F. M., planter, Hancock county; S. H., deceased; A. F., killed in the battle

of Kennesaw Mountain. He died in April, 1865, aged seventy-five, and his wife

died in 1875, at about the same age. He was an industrious and energetic, and

I

hard-working man. took no interest in politics and when the war began was one

*

of the wealthiest men in the county. Mr. Little has lived all his life in Putnam

county, and been engaged in planting; has pcver cared much for politics, or

PUTNAM COUNTY SKETCHES. 733
sought political position. He owns a plantation of 1,840 acres on the Oconee river, directly east of Eatonton. Mr. Little was married in 1864, in Columbus, Ga., to Miss Elizabeth J., daughter of Carlyle P. B. and Margaret (Little) Martin. Mr. Martin was a school teacher and moved about considerably; but his daughter was raised and has lived in Georgia. To them have been born six children: Charles E., a graduate and now one of the faculty of Peabody Normal school, Nashville, Tenn., a young man of brilliant promise in his chosen profession; M. C, wife of A. J. Avery, Sparta, Ga.; L. F., Putnam county, Ga.; G. B., machine draughtsman, Dayton, O.; Ada T., at home; and Forester B., at home. Mr. Little ranks high in his community as a successful planter, and as a man of probity of character; and he looks forward to a bright future for his young professor-son. He is a democrat and a Methodist--a steward of his local church. JAMES A. MERIWETHER, deceased, ex-congressman, ex-judge of superior
court, and ex-member of general assembly of Georgia, son of James and Susanna (Hatcher) Meriwether, was born in Louisville, Jefferson Co., Ga., in 1806. His father was a son of James and Mary (Weaver) Meriwether, and was a native of Wales, whence he, with two brothers, came to America just before the revolutionary war and settled in Virginia. After the war he came to Georgia and settled as a merchant in Louisville, where he raised two sons and several daughters. The following brief sketch is copied from an old publication: "James volunteered at the commencement of the revolutionary war when a youth of seventeen. He continued to serve to the end of the war with great distinction; first as a militiaman in what was called the 'silk stocking' company of Richmond, and afterward as captain in the Virginia continental line. At the close of the war he settled in Georgia, where he married Susanna Hatcher. He was secretary of the executive department, comptroller-general, and held other offices of high trust continuously for twenty years. He had two sons, one ordinary of Dooly county, and James A., a man of education, talent and integrity--judge of the superior court, a member of congress, frequently a member of the house of representatives." James A. Meriwether was liberally educated and graduated from the state university at Athens. He was married to Miss Rebecca McKigney, a lady of Scotch descent, by whom he had twelve children, most of whom reached maturity: Susan M., wife of William Young, Eatonton; Mary L., deceased wife of James Lawrence; William A., civil engineer, died in Louisiana during the war; Martha E., died in infancy; Clementina, died in childhood; James A., went to Texas; Robert, Una, Tenn.; Thomas, planter, Putnam county; Caroline, wife of James Hines, Macon, Ga.; Valeria, deceased wife of Capt. Thomas Henley, Hawkinsville, Ga. DEUBEN B. NISBET, physician and surgeon, Eatonton, Putnam Co., Ga.,
son of Judge Eugenius A. Nisbet, formerly of Macon, Ga., was born in Madison, Morgan Co., Ga., Feb. 6, 1830, Dr. Nisbet will be recognized at once as a member of one of the most distinguished families in middle Georgia. His father, especially (Judge Nisbet, a sketch of whom appears elsewhere in these Memoirs), was conspicuously prominent for a generation in the politics and jurisprudence of the state, in the general assembly of the state, in congress and on the supreme court bench. Dr. Nisbet was mostly raised in the city of Macon, and there he received his preparatory education; after which he entered and was graduated from Oglethorpe university. He next attended a course of lectures at Jefferson Medical college, Philadelphia, Penn., and afterward attended the medical college of Georgia, Augusta, from which he graduated. After practicing

734

MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

awhile at Macon he removed to Eatonton, where he permanently located. He

has been twice married, and has raised a number of children, one of whom is his

partner in his practice. In 1861 he entered the Confederate service as captain of

the "Brown Rifles," which afterward became Company B, Third Georgia regi

ment He was with that command in North Carolina and Virginia, and in all

the battles when fit for duty, in which it participated. He was first wounded at

the battle of Malvern Hill, and afterward when in command of the regiment--

having been promoted to the rank of lieutenant-colonel--at Sharpsburg. In this

battle he received several severe wounds and was captured. For ten months after

he was exchanged he was a great sufferer from these wounds, but as soon as

he was sufficiently recovered he returned to his command in Virginia, with which

he remained until May, 1864. Having been elected to represent the Twenty-

eighth senatorial district in the general assembly he returned home to assume its

duties. He was thus serving when Gen. Sherman was on his "march to the sea."

From the legislative halls he was transferred to the command of a force sent from

Augusta to Savannah, during which he had several desperate encounters with

the Federal forces on the line of the Charleston & Savannah railway; but was

finally placed in the trenches around Savannah. When the Confederates evacu-

*

ated Savannah Col. Nisbet crossed the river with his command, which had been

ordered back to Augusta. There he received orders to join Gen. Lee's army at

Richmond, but before he reached his destination Gen. Lee had surrendered.

Like all citizens along the line of Sherman's devastating march, Col. Nisbet was

a great sufferer: but. going to work with his characteristic energy, he regained

his foothold and reinstated himself professionally, politically and financially. He

has been too closely confined to his extensive practice to give much attention to

jjolitics, yet has sustained the reputation of the family in faithfully performing the

duties of unsought positions. As an old soldier, and backed by that element, he

was active and successful in ridding the county of the pestiferous carpet-bag

domination which prevailed just after the war. Under his lead the race problem

has given Putnam county no further trouble. He was elected a member of the

constitutional convention of 1877, and was the author of that provision which

gave the election of the state house officers and of the attorney-general to the

people. He lias been a member of numerous party conventions, and of

the state democratic executive committee. He was a Hancock elector for the

Sixth congressional district: and when, afterward, his county presented his name

as a candidate for congressional honors, he declined. He is now serving as a

member of the board of trustees of the insane asylum. His prominence in public

affairs and his extensive acquaintance with public men, causes him to be consulted

in regard to the policy and the plans to be pursued by his party. Dr. Nisbet has

been twice married; first, March 15, 1853, to Miss Martha A. (nee Dennis)

Grimes. Of the children born to him by this marriage, two are living: Dr.

Dennis A. Nisbet, aged forty years; and Filiola, aged twenty-five years. His

second marriage was to Miss Martha A. Dennis, by whom he has had one child,

a son, Osborn Brevard, aged nineteen years.

IOHN S. REID, planter, Eatonton, Putnam Co., Ga., son of Edmund and Elizabeth (Terrell) Reid, was born in Putnam count, Dec. 21, 1839. The Reids are
of Scotch-Irish descent, and when they came to America settled in Pennsylvania, whence certain members of the family moved to Virginia and North Carolina. Mr. Reid's great-grandfather, Samuel Reid, lived in Iredell county, N. C., where he was a member of the historic committee of public safety, organized before the revolu tionary war. The latter part of the last century he migrated to Georgia and settled

PUTNAM COUNTY SKETCHES. 735
in Hancock county, whence he moved to Putnam count}- when it was organized, where the family have mostly resided since. He reared three sons: Samuel, who died in Jasper county; William, who died in Macon; and Alexander, who was the grandfather of the subject of this sketch. Mr. Reid's father was the third son of Alexander and Elizabeth (Brewer) Reid, was born in Hancock county in 1802, and came to Putnam county with his father in 1808. The family settled on a plan tation, still in possession of the family, three miles north of Eatonton. About 1828 he married Elizabeth Terrell, daughter of Richard and Kittie (Butler) Terrell, a Virginia family which came to Georgia early in this century, and which has at tained to no inconsiderable political prominence. To them eight children were born: Richmond A., captain and quartermaster in the late war,since deceased; James S-, planter, Morgan county, Ga., a lieutenant-colonel in the late war; Ann C., wife of Maj. W. A. Wilson, Sumter county, Ga.; Frances M., wife of Hon. Thomas G. Lawson, representative Eighth congressional district in congress; Wil liam T., farmer, Putnam county, captain in the late war; John S., the subject of this sketch; Edward B., a private in Company G, Twelfth Georgia regiment, killed at battle of McDowell, 1862; and Susan, wife of P. W. Walton, Madison, Ga. He was a plain, practical fanner, of excellent business judgment, was prosperous and accumulated a quite large estate. Though uncaring for political preferment, he was elected to represent the county in the general assembly one term. He was a democrat, but opposed to secession. However, when Georgia seceded he contrib uted largely of his substance to the Confederate cause. In religion he inclined to the Presbyterian faith. Himself and wife died in 1882--lie eighty years of age, and she about the same. Capt. Reid was raised a planter, and has made that his life occupation. In 1861 he enlisted as second lieutenant, Company B, Third Georgia regiment, which was among the first troops that reached Virginia, and was stationed at the Norfolk navy yard and thereabout for a year. The regiment was then ordered to the army of northern Virginia, and participated in the seven days' fight. Being taken sick he was sent to the rear. In 1862 he was made a captain, and was with the army in the Maryland campaign; was wounded in the right leg at the battle of Sharpsburg, from which he was disabled until the following spring. When the campaign opened he went to his command, accompanied Gen. Lee in the Penn sylvania campaign, and was severely wounded in the foot on Cemetery Heights at the battle of Gettysburg. His brigade captured the same works, but not being properly supported had to retreat, where Gen. Pickett met with such a bloody repulse the following day. Capt. Reid was left on the field and taken a prisoner. He was sent to a hospital on David's island, remained there about three months, when he was transferred to Johnson's island. He was exchanged just before the close of the war and reached home the day Gen. Lee capitulated. Capt. Reid was also a gallant participant in the battles about Fredericksburg, the Wilderness, and others. In 1886 he was elected to represent Putnam county, and in 1888 was elected to represent the Twenty-eighth senatorial district in the general assembly. Beside his individual holdings, himself and sons own a splendid i,ooo-acre planta tion. Capt Reid is a prosperous, progressive planter, is very popular, and is so highly esteemed that he could be elected to any office he would accept Capt Reid was married in November, 1866, to Miss Louisa, daughter of William and Sarah (Respess) Dennis, by whom he had two sons: Hunter, a practicing dentist in Eatonton, and William Dennis, engaged in teaching. Their mother died Oct. 4, 1879. On Dec. 21, 1880, he was married to Man-, daughter of William and Anna E. (Reese) Johnson, who has borne him no children. He is an active and uncom promising democrat, and a consistent and influential member of the Methodist
church.

736

MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

J^ C. SLADE, "mine host" of the popular "Putnam," Eatonton, Ga., was the son

of Daniel and Elizabeth (Trippe) Slade, and was born in Eatonton, June i,

1842. His father, Daniel Slade, was born in Litchfield, Conn., and was a graduate of

one of the New England colleges. In response to an invitation he came to Putnam

county as a teacher, and followed that profession a number of years. He after

ward engaged in merchandising at Slade's cross-roads with such profitable results

that he removed to Eatonton, where he established a fine business, and prospered,

and became the leading merchant of that old-time enterprising town. He success

fully conducted his business until he died in 1873. In 1836 Mr. Slade married Miss

Trippe, a daughter of John and Betsey (Hunt) Trippe, one of the oldest and best

of the. old Georgia families, one entirely worthy of all the honors the people of

Georgia have delighted to confer upon its members as legislators and judges. To

this marriage there were born: Hattie, wife of Stephen B. Marshall, proprietor of

the Oconee house, Milledgeville, Ga.; William H., who died of yellow fever while

serving in the C. S. A. navy, Oct. n, 1864; and L. C., the subject of this sketch.

Mr. Slade was raised and received a good education in Eatonton, where he has

passed most of his life When the war between the states began he was at that age

when the blood is mantling, and the love of adventure strong. In April, 1861, he

enlisted in Company B, Third Georgia infantry, and for the first twelve months was

stationed at the Norfolk navy yard. From there the command was ordered to

.,

join the army of northern Virginia, with which it remained during the war. The

\

record of the Third Georgia is a part of the glorious history, written in blood, of

that gallant army. No recapitulation of the bloody battles fought need be made

here; it is enough to say that that regiment bore an honorable part in nearly all,

and that the subject of this sketch was with his command in its every engagement

until it laid down its arms at Appomattox. He entered the service as a soldier in

the ranks, he surrendered as first lieutenant. On returning from the war he

entered his father's store as a clerk, and continued with him a number of years;

and for most of the time since has been engaged in hotel-keeping in Eatonton.

In 1888 he took charge of the splendid new Hotel Putnam, which he has conducted

with eminent success, and gained for the hotel a wide-spread, enviable reputation.

Mr. Slade was married in Eatonton Oct. 22,1879, * Miss Joccora, daughter of Dr.

Slack, a union which has been unblessed with children.

JOSEPH S. TURNER, lawyer, Eatonton, Putnam Co., Ga., son of James S. and Louisa (Dennis) Turner, was born in Putnam county, Dec. 19, 1859. His
grandfather, William Turner, was born in Virginia, and when a lad of seventeen came to Georgia with his family early in the century and settled in Putnam county, which has been the home of the family for five generations. His grandfather be came a prosperous planter and a prominent politician, and represented the county at different times in both branches of the general assembly. He also served for several sessions as clerk of the house of representatives. Politically he was a
democrat. Mr. Turner's father was educated at Emory college, Oxford, Ga., and after his graduation read law, was admitted to the bar, and soon rose to professional distinction. He also represented the county a number of terms in the general assembly, and for a number of years conducted with distinguished ability a paper entitled "The Countryman." It was in this office that Joel Chandler Harris, the popular author of the now famous Uncle Remus papers, learned to set type. Mr. Turner raised four children: William, merchant, Eatonton, manager Alliance store; Michael D., Methodist minister, deceased; Lucy B., deceased wife of I. Branham, and Joseph S., the subject of this sketch. He died in 1869, and his wife in 1877. Mr. Turner was educated in the schools at Eatonton, and attended the university ot

PUTNAM COUNTY SKETCHES.

737

Georgia at Athens one year. Being without means to gratify his youthful ambition,
he had a hard struggle, but thanks to his persistent courage and recognized solid qualities of character he overcame all obstacles and accomplished his object He read law alone and in 1879, while still very young, was admitted to the bar.
He then practiced a year with S. A. Reid, since which time he has practiced alone.
The year he came of age (1880) he received the distinguished honor of being appointed county judge by Gov. Colquitt, a position he held until 1892. That year he was elected to represent Putnam county in the general assembly, in which body, besides being made chairman of the committee on penitentiary, he was placed on several other important committees. He also took a very great and active interest
in the establishment of a state reformatory for children, for which he made an earnest and gallant fight Judge Turner is a man of unflinching moral courage,
of great persistency of character, conscientious in the extreme, and as modest as he is courageous and capable. He is one of the most popular citizens in the county,
and, being a young man, may be expected to leave his impress on the legislation or judiciary of the state. Judge Turner was married Dec. 15, 1881, to Miss Leila
H. Coombs, daughter of William Coombs, of Laurens county, by whom he has had
two children: Joseph S., Jr., and Louis C. Judge Turner is a solid democrat, a, master Mason and an exemplary member of the Baptist church.

M S. WALKER, physician and surgeon, Willard, Putnam Co., Ga., son of D. * F. and Sophia (Sadler) Walker, was born in Monroe county, Ga., Aug. n,
1830. His paternal grandfather, John Walker, was a native of Virginia, and migrated to Georgia and settled in Greene county about the beginning of the
present century. He reared the greater part of his children in that county, and late in life moved to Talbot county, where he died at the age of ninetyfour years. He was a veteran of the war of 1812, a leading Methodist, but was
never in public life. He was married three times, whereby he became connected with the Brown and Callier families. Dr. Walker's father was the youngest son by his first wife; was raised in Greene county and came to Putnam when a young man, where he married his wife, a daughter of Nathaniel Sadler, who was from Norm Carolina. He was one of the commissioners who laid off the town of Eatonton, and lived there a number of years. He then moved to Monroe county where he became a prominent and prosperous planter, and was for man}'
years a justice of the inferior court Late in life he moved into Forsyth county, where he died about 1865, aged 66 years. His wife died some years previously. They reared four children: Frances, who married a Mr. Bootey, and died young;
Henrietta, widow of W. T. McDade, Putnam county; Mary, widow of John B. Davis, Dalton, Ga.; and N. S., the subject of this sketch. He was a man of excellent judgment, left a fine estate, and was an ardent working member of the Methodist church. Dr. Walker was reared in Monroe county and educated in Forsyth. When twenty years of age he .begun the study of medicine under his
uncle, Dr. C. W. Sadler; afterward attended lectures at the university of Kentucky, at Louisville, whence he graduated in 1852. After his graduation he located where he is now, between seven and eight miles west of Eatonton. He served one year during the war as surgeon of the Forty-fourth Georgia regiment His
arduous and exhaustive duties broke him down, and he was discharged for physical disability. He enjoys the distinction of having been the only surgeon
to dress a wound for Gen. Robert E. Lee. Gen. Lee was never hurt by a ball, but the circumstances were these: While returning from the first Maryland cam paign an admiring friend presented a very fine horse to the Confederate comman
der, but untrained to the bustle of army movements. Gen. Lee was standing hold
ing him as some artillery wagons rattled by. Frightened, the animal made a sudn-47

733

MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

den plunge by which the general was thrown violently to the ground and two fingers on his left hand were broken. Dr. Walker being near at hand was called in and dressed the wound. Returning home he resumed professional life and has practiced ever since in the neighborhood of Willard, where he has a fine 6op-acre plantation and a delightful home. He is liberal, an ardent practical progressionist, and very public spirited. In 1880 he was elected to represent the county in the general assembly, and served one term. He was one of the organizers of the alliance, and in hearty co-operation with Dr. de Jarnette of the alliance store in
Eatonton and the bank established in connection with it He is a prominent and valued member of the board of directors both of the store and bank. Dr. Walker is also a member of the board of trustees of the Girls' Industrial and Normal college at Milledgeville. Dr. Walker, one of the financially solidest citizens of the county is justly proud of his connection with the alliance store and bank, which have been so successful, and with the Girls' college at Milledgeville. Dr. Walker was happily married in 1854 to Miss Maria E. Edwards--reared near their present home--daughter of J. H. Edwards. The following named children have blessed their union: Laura A., wife of W. B. Martin, Putnam county; E. Y., physician, near the old homestead; Ada, wife of J. F. Walker, Monticello, Ga.; A. Sidney, planter, Jasper county; Nannie E., wife of W. E. Rainey, nearby; W. H., at home; Charles W., at home; Hampton C, Eatonton; John F.; and Xathaniel P., at home. Dr. Walker possesses all the characteristics of model
citizenship, and stands high professionally. Politically he is a democrat; he is also a master Mason, and is a pillar in the Methodist church.

QUITMAN COUNTY.
M T. DUSKIN, merchant and fanner, was born in Stewart county, Ga., in 1839. 1 ' His grandfather, Michael Duskin, was a native of North Carolina, where he married Elizabeth Atkins, the daughter of an old resident of that state. In 1830, with his wife and family of eight children, Michael Duskin came to Georgia and settled in Stewart count}', where he lived until 1847, when he went to Florida with his wife and part of the children. He died there about two years later at the age of sixty years. His wife survived him many years and died at the age of eighty-four. The founder of the Georgia branch of the Duskin family was one of the original whigs and was an active member of the Methodist Episcopal church. The oldest of his sons was John L. B. Duskin, who was born in Edgefield district, near Raleigh, N. C., Sept. 30, 1813. He was about sixteen years old when his father came to Georgia, and long before manhood had commenced his successful career as a farmer. In 1838 he married Miss Mary Hardie of Stewart county. She was the daughter of Theophilus Hardie of Washington count}-, where she was born in 1820. Mr. Duskin was a soldier in the Indian war of 1835-36, and was a man of great influence in the community in which he lived. Like his father and mother, and in fact, all of the Duskin family, he belonged to the Methodist church. He died on his farm, where he had first settled, at the age of sixty-seven. His wife, and the mother of the subject of this sketch, survives him and resides with her children, seven of whom are living: M. T., the sub ject of this sketch; Sarah Elizabeth Parker; Mary L. Boyett, living near Lump-

QUITMAN COUNTY SKETCHES.

739

kin, Stewart Co.; Josie K. Kenyon of Webster county; M. L., living near
Lumpkin; Martha E. Thornton, near Columbus, Ga.; John Emory, living in Montgomery, Ala. Those deceased are: W. J., died in the Confederate service in 1864, and Mrs. Argent K. Griffis. Mr. M. T. Duskin lived in Stewart county until 1885, and there received his early education. He now lives on the Lumpkin & Eufaula road, near Georgetown, Quitman Co. He was twenty-two years old when the "war between the states" began, and enlisted at the first call, in Com pany K, Second Georgia regiment, under command of Capt. J. I. Ball. His first active service was in the seven days' fight around Richmond, thence to Malvern Hill. He was in all the north Virginia campaign, and was wounded in the right leg at the second battle of Manassas. He was confined in the hospital and at home for ten months, but as soon as able, rejoined his command, and was in the battle of Chickamauga, where he received his second wound. He was in Longstreet's corps through the east Tennessee campaign, and was in the battles of the Wilderness and then in the campaign around Richmond. At the time of the surrender he was at home on a furlough. Mr. Duskin was married in 1865 to Mrs. Mariah J. Keith, the daughter of Williamson Perkins, a native of Talbot county, in which county, she was born in 1841. Mr. and Mrs. Duskin have one child living: Lena T.; three daughters, Eula F., Ola B., and Mary Eliza, hav ing died in childhood. Miss Lena, now at home with her parents, is a charming young lady with a talent for music that has been highly cultivated by a thorough training and instruction at the hands of eminent artists. She was educated in the public schools, by private tutors, and at Andrew Female college of Cuthbert, Ga. The family are members of the Methodist church, and Mr. Duskin is steward of the Rocky Mount congregation, and superintendent of the Sunday school He is a liberal supporter of the church and a strong advocate of thorough education. Mr. Duskin is a thorough, progressive business man and his enterprise is felt by the whole section in which he lives. Beginning a poor boy, he has fought his way to a position in life where he can stop and look back with satisfaction at a most honorable and successful career, achieved by his own individual efforts. In
politics he is a democrat

I E. HARRIS, state senator of the Twelfth district, Oak Grove, Quitman
county, was born in Stewart county in 1839, and is the son of Thomas R. Harris and Caroline Brown. Thomas R. Harris was born in Virginia, moved with his parents when a boy to Oglethorpe county, Ga., and lived there until his marriage in Clarke county, about 1833, when he moved to Stewart county. He
had two brothers, James, who settled in Walton county, Ga., where he died, and Lewis, who moved to Texas. Thomas R. continued to reside in Stewart county, engaged in farming, until his death in 1872, at the age of sixty-two. He was no
politician, though he always voted the whig ticket He was a faithful member of the Baptist church and was a quiet, unassuming Christian gentleman, respected by all. His wife survived him, dying Oct 31, 1892, aged seventy-five years. She
too was a devoted member of the church. They had four children: Mrs. Lucy McKemie of West Point, Ga.; J. E., the subject of this sketch; Mrs. Florence Lewis of Thomaston, Upson Co., Ga., and Lewis of Texas. Mr. J. E. Harris was reared principally in Stewart county and attended the public schools there until he went to Mercer university. He was in the senior class when the war broke out, and with fellow-students enlisted at once, joining Company E, Thirty-first
regiment Georgia volunteers, Capt. L. R, Redding, commanding. His first service was at Savannah, where his company was attached to the Thirty-first regiment under Col. Phillips, Lieut-Col. Crowder, Maj. Clem Evans. The first engagement of any note was the seven days' fight at Richmond. The next was the

740

MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

battle at Cedar Mountain, soon followed by Sharpsburg, then Fredericksburg. He was then detailed to the quartermaster's department, serving until the close of the war. He then returned home to Stewart county, and in 1865 married Miss Mary Roxanna Turner, born in Troup county. She was a daughter of Rev. Joseph T. Turner, a Methodist minister, and was educated at the Masonic Female college at Lumpkin. To Mr. and Mrs. Harris were born six children: Everard L., is a graduate of Atlanta Medical college and is a practicing physician in Clay county; Neta Olivia; Thomas Richard; Joseph Aubry; Carrie Cottie and Willie, all at home. Air. Harris is a stanch democrat, and one of the manipulators of state politics. He has been a member of the board of education for six years, and also county commissioner for several years. He was county surveyor a number of terms, and in 1890 was elected to the general assembly, and in 1894 was chosen state senator from the Twelfth senatorial district. Mr. Harris is a member of the Baptist church, but his family are adherents of the Methodist faith. About a year after his marriage Mr. Harris moved from Stewart to Quitman county, where he has since been engaged in farming.
JASPER N. HILL, planter, Hatcher's station, Quitman Co., was born in Warren county, Ga., Sept 9, 1823. He was the son of William C. Hill and
Mary Dykes Hill, the father being a native of Richmond, Va., of Irish descent, and the mother a native of Georgia. William C. Hill was born in 1781, and lived in Virginia until about grown to manhood, working in the capacity of clerk in Richmond. From there he came to Warren county, Ga. He married and settled in that county, where he continued to reside until February, 1832, when he moved to Randolph count}', now Quitman county, and took up his abode about 400 yards from the present home of the subject of this sketch. He owned quite a large tract of land, possessing seven lots in Quitman county and seven lots near Cuth bert He built himself a house in the woods, and so sparse was the settlement of the country- at that time that there was only one house between his place and Lumpkin. There were then a number of Creek Indians in the country, but this hardy pioneer faltered not but fearlessly set to work clearing ground and opening up a way for other settlers. He established a mill within five miles of where Cuthbert is now situated. He farmed, milled, operated a saw and grist mill and did blacksmithing. In the Indian war of 1836 he took a prominent part, and was in Roanoke on the Sunday the Indians burned it William C. Hill and wife were strict Primitive Baptists, and he a whig in politics. The father died January, 1845, an^ tne mother October, 1836. At the death of the mother there were thirteen children living. They were: Asaph A., at one time judge of Stewart county; Willoughby D., who was a merchant in Roanoke; Phoebe Ann, wife of William Brooks of Warren county; William C.; Mary C., wife of John Mainord of Cuthbert, Ga.; Alien W., a prominent man of Stewart county at one time, dying near Galveston, Tex., in 1862; Eliza Webb, wife of John Mangham of Talbot county, Ala.; Albert Madison; Jasper N., the subject of this sketch; Sarah C., wife of Ahas Grady; George T. B.; Julia, wife of Elihu Galloway; Hulda, wife of James Redding. All these children lived to be over twenty-one, but the only one surviving is Mr. Jasper N. Hill, the subject of this sketch. He was only nine years old when his father settled in the wilds of Randolph county, now Quitman, and he enjoys the distinction of being the oldest settler in this section of the state, having lived here for sixty-three years. Though at an advanced age, Mr. Hill has a keen memory, and his recollections of his boyhood days and the early history of the country in which he has lived nearly three-quarters of a century, is fresh and fervid. During the troublesome times of 1836, when he was a lad of thirteen years, took place the most thrilling experience of his younger

^

QUITMAN COUNTY SKETCHES.

741

days. It was a rapid ride with his family to escape the clutches of the murderous Creek Indians. Word reached the family of the approach of the savages while
at dinner. They left the table, home and everything, and mounting horses
hurried away to Houston county. They remained in Houston county until July 4, when they returned home. He lived with his parents until their death, and has since continued to reside upon the original home place. He was married May
25, 1854, to Miss Eliza N. Pittman, daughter of Jesse Pittman, who was born within three miles of where she now lives. During the late war Mr. Hill served in the Home Guards, being present when Atlanta was taken. Mr. and Mrs. Hill are the parents of eleven children, all living except one, who died in childhood.
They are: William A., married and living near Georgetown, and present school commissioner of the county; Fannie, wife of J. J. Castillow; Jessie L., teaching
school at Union; James P., living with parents; Jasper N. and Robert L., living at Providence, La.; Mattie E., wife of Walter Crumbley: Alexander S., Providence,
La.; Charles C, teaching in Calhoun county; Julia May, at home. Mrs. Hill and most of the family are members of the Missionary Baptist church. Mr. Hill has devoted his life and time to duties on the farm, and is one of the largest farmers of
the county. He lives nine miles east of Georgetown, in a handsome residence he built on the plan of convenience, just after the war.

JAMES FRANKLIN HOGAN, planter, Sanford, Quitman Co., was born in Wilkinson county, Ga., in 1835. He was one of a family of eight children,
and left an orphan in childhood. He was cared for by his grandmother until twelve years old, when she died. Thrown on his own resources at an early age, he had little time even to accept the few chances of education offered, but with
an iron will and untiring industry he was later able to educate himself and prepare for the success he has achieved in life. In 1856 he married Miss Martha Ann Rtdley, daughter of Everett Ridley. Mr. Ridley, who was one of triplets, was one of the earliest settlers of Wilkinson county and was the son of Robert Ridley, who came to Georgia from Virginia. The latter lived to be quite an old man. In
1859 Mr- Hogan moved to Dale county, Ala., settling near Barnes Cross Roads, where he engaged in farming until the war broke out. Dec. 12, 1861, he enlisted in Capt. A. H. Johnson's company, First Alabama cavalry, Company F, with
which he served fifteen months, when he was transferred to Robinson's battery, Light artillery, which afterward became the famous Wiggins' battery. He re
mained in this command the rest of the war, and at the time of his discharge he belonged to Diberal's division. At Greenville, N. C., this division was chosen as Jefferson Davis' guard and they followed the old leader to Wilkes county, Ga., where they were disbanded May 15, 1865. There were few men on either side in the late war who saw more active service and hard fighting than Mr. Hogan.
He was in the battles of Shiloh, Murfreesboro, Chickamauga, at the siege of Knoxville, in which he fired the first cannon, at Atlanta, July 22, 1864, and at the siege
of Savannah near the end of the war. After the war Mr. Hogan took his family
to Quitman county and purchased 600 acres of land, partially improved, where he now lives. He has resided there since and has added to his original purchase until he now owns about 1,900 acres, a large portion of which is under a high state of cultivation. His present residence, one of the finest in this section of the
state, was completed in 1894. The home of Mr. Hogan has been blessed by the birth of ten children, six of whom are living: Everett C., married and residing near by; Letiria E., wife of J. T. Tye, living on an adjoining farm, and R. G.,
William G., A. C. and Margaret M., living at home. Those deceased are: John F., died in 1883, single; Joel D., died in 1894, leaving a family; Walter W., died

742

MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

in 1887, aged nineteen, and Martha A., died in 1894, aged seventeen years. Mr. Hogan has always shown a deep interest in the cause of education, being for a number of years a member of the board of education, and has taken much pains in the education of his children. He and his entire family are members of the Liberty Baptist church, of which Mr. Hogan is a deacon. He is the founder of the church near Sanford and has been its main support He is also superin tendent of the Sunday school. He is a strong democrat, though he takes no very
active part in politics. At present he is a member of the board of commissioners of roads and revenues. Mr. Hogan's estate lies near the old locality known as Bumbleton. This place was the old court ground originally in Stewart county, where justice court was held, and received its name from the fact that the people would assemble there and drink whisky sweetened with molasses, which caused the bumblebees to swarm around. The whisky was purchased of Clem Climons, who established a grocery at this place. He was succeeded by Louis Lee, who established Bladen Creek postoffice, now extinct.

JOHN R. ELLIS, postmaster and justice of the peace, Oak Grove, Quitman Co., Ga., was born in 1847 m Randolph county, in that part which is now Quit
man county. He was educated in the common schools and in 1864 enlisted in the army, joining Company E, Georgia reserves, Osborne's battalion of cavalry.
He was in active service in the skirmishes around Atlanta, Jonesboro and Griswoldville. After the war he'returned to the home place and picked up his school books again. In 1868 he was married to Miss Mollie Lewis, a native of Stewart county. They have no children, but have adopted a son, Joseph Hillman. Mr. Ellis is a democrat and has served as tax receiver for four years, county com missioner four years, and is at present clerk of the common pleas court. When Oak Grove postoffice was established he was made postmaster, and there has
since been no change. He has been justice of the peace fourteen years and was also commissioned a United States commissioner. Oak Grove, near where the Ellis family live, was established as a postoffice in 1886, and derived its name from the fact that there were many big oak trees around. It is in the North Carolina district, so named on account of several families from that state who located here early in 1830. In Oak Grove is located the Union Methodist church,
built in 1867-68, the congregation having been organized in 1838, and the first church erected in 1850. The Ellis family has always been closely identified with this church since its organization, and father, child, and grandchild have wor shiped under its roof. Mr. J. E. Ellis has been a steward of the church for many
years.

THOMAS J. ELLIS, farmer and miller, Oak Grove, Quitman Co., Ga., was
born in Houston county, Ga., in 1834. He is of English descent, his great grandfather being James Ellis, a sea captain, who was shipwrecked on the North Carolina coast about the middle of the last century. Out of a large crew on the vessel only Capt Ellis and a mate were saved, and they only by swimming three miles, landing near Wilmington, N. C. He did not return.to England, but adopted this country for his home, and marrying a Miss Elwell, of North Caro
lina, reared a family of four children. Of these Evan, the youngest, was married to Miss Locke, a native of North Carolina, and to them were born four children, George W., the third child, being the father of Thomas J. and J. R., whose sketches here appear. George W. grew to manhood in North Carolina, when he came to Georgia about 1827, a single man, and located in Houston county, where he
married Miss Mary McLain in 1828. In 1834 he moved to Randolph county.

RABUN COUNTY SKETCHES.

743

originally Lee, now Quitman county, and located between the Odchodkee and Pataula creeks, in what is now the North Carolina district. He lived there till his death, May 4, 1875, aged sixty-seven years. His wife survived him, dying in 1882, aged seventy-five years. She was one of the original members of the Union Methodist church, located near the home of her sons. To Mr. Ellis and his wife were born six children: Thomas J-, now living near the old homestead; J. R., of Oak Grove, and Martha are the living children, and Elizabeth, Evan and Lucy M. are the deceased. Thomas J. Ellis came to Quitman county with his
parents at the age of two years and has lived there since. In 1859 he married Rebecca Gay of Quitman county. At the outbreak of the civil war he joined the Thirty-second Georgia infantry, Capt. Pruden commanding, and saw active serv ice throughout the entire war. He was detailed by the secretary of war of the Confederacy as military conductor, serving in that capacity for a long time. He
was discharged April 10, 1865, and returning home, has since engaged in farming and milling. To Mr. and Mrs. Ellis were born the following children: James, George, Thomas, Florence, Claudie, Robert, Glenn and Alva. The mother died in 1879 and Mr. Ellis was again married--his second wife being Ada Lewis, of Randolph county. They have one child, Flossie Lee. Mr. Ellis was tax collector of Quitman county four years, treasurer two years, and at present is one of the county commissioners. He is prominent as a democrat in both local and state politics.

RABUN COUNTY.
CRANKLIN A. BLECKLEY. ordinary, Clayton, Rabtin Co., Ga., son of James and Catharine E. (Lootze) Bleckley. was born in Lincoln county, N. C, in
1824. His paternal grandfather, James Ltlecklcy, was a native of Virginia, whence he migrated to and settled in North Carolina. Here, in Lincoln county, Judge Bleckley's father was born in 1803, and reared on the farm. He married Miss Catharine E. Lootze of Burke county, N. C. and, in 1826, moved to Georgia and settled in Rabun county, near Clayton. Eight children were born to them: Franklin A., the subject of this sketch; Logan E., the distinguished ex-chief justice of the supreme court of Georgia, Atlanta: John M., Rabun county: Sylvester, Anderson, S. C.; Mrs. Elizabeth A. Bell, Walhalla, S. C; Henrietta, deceased; Mrs. Emily Wall, Clayton: James T., deceased. The father died on the old homestead near Clayton, in 18/0, and the mother died in 1874. Judge Bleckley's father settled near Clayton when he was about two years old. He was raised on the farm and educated at the academy in Clayton. Mentally alert he was quick to avail himself of every advantage and every opportunity presented to add to his fund of knowledge, which, however, in a frontier country were neither many nor frequent. His principal life-occupation has been farming-- any departure from it has been temporary and incidental. His superior intelli gence and rare intellectual endowments and moral attributes attracted the attention of his fellow-citizens at an early period of his life, and they exacted service of him to such an extent as he would consent to. Soon after attaining his majority he was elected a justice of the peace, and was successively re-elected for many years. In 1861, and again in 1863. at a called session, he was elected to represent Rabun county in the general assembly; and his wise and conservative

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MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

influence was felt in committee and on the floor. In 1893, although advanced in age, and no seeker of office, he was called by the people of Rabun county to the very important office of ordinary, defeating his opponent--a very popular and
influential citizen--by a very large majority, a result testifying in the strongest possible manner to the estimation in which he is held. His own birth almost contemporaneous with that of the county, he grew with its growth, and watching
its development, became an influential factor in promoting that development; and possessing characteristics that win and keep confidence and esteem, it is no wonder he has been and is yet a potential power in the county. In honoring
such a man Rabun county honors itself. In 1864 he enlisted in Company F, Eleventh Georgia regiment of cavalry, in which he served, as lieutenant com manding, during die war. With his command he participated in the defense of Atlanta, and after its surrender was in front of the Union forces while "marching through Georgia" until he reached Savannah. From there he went, under
Johnston, to Columbia, S. C., where he was when Johnston surrendered. After the war he returned home and resumed his farm-work, success in which has met all his wants and gratified his highest ambition. Judge Bleckley was happily
married March 16, 1848, to Miss Sarah E., daughter of Col. Edward Coffee, one of the most distinguished and influential citizens of northeast Georgia, one of the earliest settlers of Rabun county, and during his life represented it many
years in both branches of the general assembly. Of the children born to them seven survive: Henrietta C., wife of Russell E. Cannon, Rabun county; Mary E., wife of H. K. Cannon, Rabun county; James E. married Miss Savannah Cannon, Rabun county; Leila M., with "the old folks at home;" Ara V., unmar ried ; John X., and Benjamin B., both of Anderson, S. C.

REV. ALFRED FOSTER, minister, Dillard, Rabun Co., Ga., son of John and
Clarenda (McClure) Foster, was born in Macon county, N. C., Sept 8, 1873. Kis grandfather, Samuel Foster, was one of the earliest settlers in Rabun county, where he lived the life of a well-to-do farmer, and died at an advanced age. Mr. Foster's father was born in Rabun county in 1827, where he grew to man's estate, and has seen the region develop from an almost uninhabited wild to what it is to-day. He married his wife in what is now Towns county, and to them seven children \vere born: Julius; Andrew P.; Martha, wife of A. L. McClure, all living in Macon county, N. C.; Margaret, wife of J. M. Dillard, Grady, Tenn.; Alfred, the subject of this sketch; John, deceased, 1883, leaving a wife and one child, Mary; and Doctor, who also died in 1883. He served in the western (Confederate) army during the late unpleasantness and is now a prominent and popular citizen of Macon county, N. C. Mr. Foster received his primary education at the common schools in the county of his birth, afterward attended Rabun Gap institute, Rabun county, and Franklin high school, and completed his education
at the university of North Carolina in 1893. Immediately after his graduation he began the study of theology, which he-is now prosecuting earnestly and industriously. June 6, 1891, he was licensed to preach by the western North
Carolina Methodist church, and is now discharging the duties of preacher and pastor acceptably and successfully. Pious, studious, self-sacrificing, consecrated and devoted to the work of the Master, he has before him a life of high honor and great usefulness. Rev. Foster was married Oct 10, 1894, to Miss Fannie, daughter of R. V. and Mary E. Cobb of Gainesville, Ga., and granddaughter of Rev. Alexander Acker of Greenville, S. C., a lady of excellent qualities and an unusual amount of mental force. She received her early training at the Gaines ville college and classical finish at the female seminary in the same city. She taught school six years in the public schools'"of Hall county, and is by nature

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745

adapted and destined to be a great and useful worker in all movements promotive of the well-being of children. Her father was first lieutenant in Company D, Twenty-seventh Georgia regiment, during the civil war.

JSAAC NEWTON FOSTER, educator, Burton, Rabun Co., Ga., son of Walton
and Rebecca (Bowen) Foster, was born in Towns county, Ga., July 18, 1867. His great-grandfather on his father's side, of Irish-Welsh extraction, William Foster, was a native of North Carolina, and a gentleman of learning and culture. He married Miss Barbara Garner, also of North Carolina, beneath whose soil both rest His grandfather, Isaac Foster, was born in North Carolina in 1809, was reared a fanner, and continued to be one all his life. He married Miss Lucinda Davis, of Buncombe county, N. C, and migrated to Georgia and settled in what is now Towns county in 1830. During his lifetime he served many years as a justice of the inferior court. He was a well-known and useful citizen, and himself and wife both died in Towns county in 1887. Mr. Foster's father was bom in Towns county, where (at Visage) he now lives. He married Miss Rebecca, daughter of Joseph Bowen, also of Towns county, by whom he has had four chil dren: Lucinda, wife of J. C. Swanson; India, wife of A. H. Hampton, Twine, Clay Co., N. C.; Isaac N., the subject of this sketch, and James F., teacher, Rabun county. Mr. Foster's maternal grandfather, Joseph Bowen, was a native of North Carolina, where he was reared and married Miss Mary Keener, and died when Mr. Foster's mother was a five-year-old child. His widow died at Burton in 1883, aged eighty-four years. Mr. Foster attended the common schools of the county when he was growing up, and afterward went to the Hiwassee high school, where in addition to a thorough English classical education, he took a course in the lu'gher mathematics and in Latin and Greek. He next taught school in Towns and Habersham counties until 1889, when he was made principal of Tallulah academy in Rabun county. He has taught here ever since, growing in the public esteem and in reputation, with an increasing patronage every year. Studi ous and hard-working, and enthusiastically devoted to his vocation, he promises to achieve a brilliant success an3 attain to honorable distinction in his profession. Of fine natural mental endowments, of superior scholarly attainments--age and opportunities considered--ambitious, affable, and of prepossessing address, he will undoubtedly prove useful as a teacher, and leave his impress on the com munity and section. Mr. Foster was married Dec. 20, 1891, to Miss Edna, born Feb. 1,1877, daughter of Martin Filley, of Rabun county.

RANDOLPH COUNTY.
ANDREWS. Among the able and skilled physicians of Cuthbert, Randolph Co., Dr. T. H. Andrews holds an honored and enviable position. He was
born in 1846, in Gadsden county, Fla., and is the son of Frederick and Eliza (Odom) Andrews. Frederick Andrews was a native of and grew up in Pulaski county, Ga., and there married his wife. Soon after their marriage they moved to Lee county, where they remained about one year, thence to Randolph county, which was their home for several years. There he served as tax collector of the county, and for awhile taught school and engaged in a mercantile business in

746

*

MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

Cuthbert. In 1844 he moved his family to Florida, where he died in 1846. He was one of the foremost men of his day, and possessed an excellent education for his time; the result of a quick grasping mind, and wide reading and study. His schooling was meager, but he gained great learning through close application
to books. He was a devotee to music and possessed remarkable skill in, and knowledge of this art. Of literary tastes, he was a frequent contributor to the early newspapers and periodicals of the state. He was a captain in the Indian war of 1835-36, and was a democrat of potent influence. After her husband's
death Mrs. Andrews returned to Randolph county, Ga., where she resided until her demise at the age of seventy-four years. She was a woman of great intel lectuality, and a happy disposition that accorded with her husband's character, and their domestic life was a beautiful example of love and devotion. Her father was James Odom, of Pulaski county, Ga. The Odoms were early settlers of Pulaski county, and her grandfather, James Odom, was a revolutionary soldier, who lived to the age of one hundred and ten years. The family was wealthy and eminent in political and social standing. Six of the children born to Mr. and Mrs. Andrews lived to maturity, and of these five are now living: James !"., of Early county; D. C., of Randolph county; W. P., of Early county; Mrs. Susan Morgan, of Early county, and Dr. T. H., the subject of this sketch. Warren
Andrews, another son, was a member of the Fifty-fourth Georgia regiment, and as a brigade drummer was captured at the battle of the Wilderness and died
of smallpox at Rock Island soon after. Dr. T. H. Andrews began the study of medicine in 1869 in the office of Dr. Rodgers, of Columbus, Ga. He attended lectures and was graduated from the university of Pennsylvania, at Philadelphia, March 12, 1875. His first year of practice was in Decatur county, then he moved to Randolph county, where he has since followed his profession. He located in the winter of 1876-77 on the farm he now owns. He possessed no more than his profession, but with a brave will and great energy he has succeeded
so well in life that he can now look out over an estate of 2,500 acres of land, 400 of which is in a high state of cultivation, a large residence and fine out-buildings. Dr. Andrews was married April 27, 1876, to Add;e B. Jordan, of Putnam county,
a daughter of Wiley B. Jordan of that county. They have had ten children born to them, as follows: Eliza, Sallie B., Susan, Hull, Patti Lee, Birdie Lee, Percifer, Ida, Agnew and a babe. Dr. and Mrs. Andrews are members of the Missionary Baptist church. As a physician and planter he occupied a leading place among citizens of Randolph county, and professionally and socially his standing is
first-class.

S. ARRINGTON, planter, of Randolph county, is a native of Georgia, and was born in Baldwin county in 1844. His grandfather was Frederick Arrington, of English ancestors, who lived and died in North Carolina.' His demise
was at an early age, and he left a widow and two children: Hardy and Laronia. Hardy Arlington, when sixteen years old, moved to Washington county, Ga., where he married Mary Smith, a native of that county. Soon afterward they changed to Baldwin county, then to Lee county, where they resided two years, thence to Randolph, and there they settled in the fourth district, where a year later (1845) Mr. Arlington died, in his thirty-third year. The widow was married again to Solomon Owens, who is yet living. By the first marriage she was the
mother of James Arrington, who went west before the war and died in service; Lorinia, wife of Hardy Hay, living in Texas; Georgiana, wife of Thomas Newton, now deceased; Laronia, who died single, and Mr. W. S. Arrington, the subject of this sketch. By her marriage with Mr. Owens were born: Jessie Owens, and

RANDOLPH COUNTY SKETCHES.

747

Mary, wife of Richard Stewart, living, and John, deceased. Mrs. Owens remained at the old homestead until her death in 1887, aged seventy years. She was a devoted wife, a kind mother and a sincere Christian. The subject of this sketch was but a small boy when his parents came to Randolph county, and there he
grew to his majority. He farmed the two years immediately preceding the war, and when the tocsin of the civil strife was sounded he left the furrow to enlist
with the army of the south. March 12, 1862, he joined the famed Company H, Fifty-first Georgia volunteers, under Capt. Balls, and served until wounded in
the Shenadoah Valley campaign, at Cedar creek, September, 1864. His company was in Longstreet's corps, Lee's army of North Virginia, and was in the thickest of the fighting, at the second battle of Manassas, at South Mountain, Md., Sharps-
burg, Fredericksburg, the Wilderness and Gettysburg. Then he was back to Funkstown, Md., Cold Harbor and Petersburg. The corps went to Knoxville, Tenn., then back to Lee's army. At the battle of Cedar Creek, when Mr. J. T.
Bailey, member of Company H, and from Randolph county, was wounded while carrying the colors, it was Mr. Arrington who took them from his hands. A few
minutes later he, in turn, was shot through the side and forced to give up the flag to a comrade. He was taken prisoner on the field of battle and sent to a hospital in Baltimore, and upon his recovery was released and sent home, in
March, 1865. Mr. Arrington was married to Martha Lee, a native of Sumter county, and daughter of Jefferson Lee. The father died in Sumter county, leaving
three daughters and one son. The latter was Thomas Lee, who was killed during the war. The daughters were: Caroline, wife of John Belch
er, now living in Florida; Martha and Sylvania, now deceased, who was mar ried to a Mr. Raegen. Mrs. Jefferson Lee died about 1879. Mrs. Arrington,
as a girl, attended the schools of Sumter county and at Americus, and when her mother moved to Randolph county entered the schools of that county and fin
ished her education. Mr. and Mrs. Arrington have had born to them two chil
dren: Alice, wife of A. E. Mazell, and lonaci. The latter attended school at La Grange and spent three years at Eufaula, Ala., under the instruction of Miss Simnions. She is accomplished in the science of music and is now in the Shellman high school. The family are members of the Baptist church. After the war Mr. Arrington devoted himself to farming. He was interested in a merchandise business at Shellman for about eight years, the same being looked after by his son-in-law,
Mr. Mazell. Mr. Arrington owns several fine farms in Randolph county and has
1,000 acres of land under cultivation. He is familiarly known to his friends as "General," a title given him in the army by his companions, who believed that his
bravery was of a caliber commensurate with the appellation.

I T. BAILEY, planter, Springvale, Randolph Co., Ga., was born in the county in which he now resides, in 1839. His father was Zachariah Bailey, a native
of Virginia, born near Lynchburg. in 1793. He came to Georgia when grown and settled in Morgan county, where he married Berthia Grier. She was born in 1804 and was the daughter of James Grier. (His father was born in Ireland.) They re sided in Morgan county until about 1831, when they moved to Randolph county, and lived for a time near Cuthbert, where he engaged in farming. He then moved to the place where his son, the subject of this sketch, now lives. There he purchased a tract of woodland and built a log house, where he lived a year, removing to a site on the opposite side, where he built a home, in which he died in 1845. He was a soldier in the Indian war of 1835-36, and was an active poli tician, being a whig. He served as sheriff and held other positions in his county. The wife, who was an excellent woman and a grand helpmate to her husband,

748

MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

died in 1864. She was a Christian lady and a strict member of the Methodist church. To this union were born six children: Mrs. Elizabeth Smith, who lives in Clayton, Ala.; Mrs. Mary Key, deceased; Mrs. Sarah Harris; J. T., the subject of this sketch; Mrs. Mildred Sharp, of Dawson, Ga., and Zacharias, of Robinson county, Texas. Air. J. T. Bailey was brought up on the farm where he now lives, and at the outbreak of the war he enlisted in Company H, Fifty-first Georgia regiment, volunteers, army of Virginia. He was in Longstreet's corps of Lee's
army, and was in the battles of Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, Chickamauga, Knoxville, in 1863, and in 1864 was in the battles of the Wilderness and in all the engagements of his corps from Spottsylvania on to Petersburg and to
Cedar Creek. At the last place he had his left arm shattered with a minie ball, and upon his recovery was discharged from the service. He returned home, where he has since been engaged in farming. He went out as a private, and was promoted to ensign (color-bearer), with the rank of first lieutenant Mr. Bailey was married, in 1872, to Mary Jenkins, of Quitman county, a daughter of Lerov Jenkins, a native of Georgia and an early settler of Randolph county. Mrs. Bailey was born and raised in Randolph county. They have seven children, all at home: Mary, J. T., Annie, Charles, Sarah, Lillie, and Maud. Mrs. Bailey is an active member of the Methodist church. Mr. Bailey is a Democrat in politics, and takes quite an interest in county affairs. Mr. Bailey and family reside in a pleasant home about eight miles from Cuthbert. He is a
practical and substantial farmer and is well informed on all practical subjects. He is an industrious and thrifty man and a good manager, and is very highly esteemed by all who know him, for his uprightness and purity of character.

]")R. \V. \V. BINION, planter and physician, Benevolence, was born in Webster
county in 1860, and is the son of Rev. M. B. L. and S. T. (Lasseter) Binion, natives of Hancock and Webster counties respectively. Rev. Binion was born in 1836, in Terrell county, and his wife died in August, 1881, aged thirty-five years. Rev. Binion entered the ministry of the Missionary Baptist church in early life, and has occupied the pulpits in southwestern Georgia for nearly forty years. He is a graduate of the Mercer university and a man of fine scholarly attainments. He is still actively engaged in the ministry, and his charge includes the churches of Benevolence, Bronwood, New Bethel, and Chickasawa. Rev. Binion has served the Bronwood church for over twenty years. He is a popular minister and man, and one of the ablest preachers in the state. He lives on a big farm near Parrott. To Rev. Binion and wife were born ten children: Dr. W. W., B. L., of Hancock county; Minnie L., Hancock county; Mrs. Anna May Gonn, of Cuthbert; Mrs. Xettie J. Keese, of Benevolence; S., of Terrell county; Robert B., of Hancock county, and three deceased. Rev. Binion was married, the second time, to Miss Susan Massie, of Marshallville, Ga. Dr. Binion was brought up on the farm and educated in the schools of Webster county. In 1882 he commenced reading medicine under Dr. A. K. Patterson, of Weston, Webster county. He attended lectures at Atlanta, from which place he was graduated in 1885, and began practice in the neighborhood in which he now lives. He has been remarkably successful from a professional as well as a financial standpoint, and enjoys a reputa tion ranking him in the front of the medical profession. In addition to a large practice, he has fanning interests, all of which is the result of his ten years' labor in Benevolence. The doctor was married in January, 1886, to Ida L. Harris, of Marion county, daughter of a prominent planter, now deceased. Mrs. Binion was educated in the high schools of Marion county and at Weston. She died in 1890, aged twenty-two years, leaving one child, Clay. She was a member of the

RANDOLPH COUNTY SKETCHES.

749

Methodist Episcopal church. Dr. Binion belongs to the Baptist church, and in politics is a democrat

C. BYNUM. One of the most popular men connected with poli
tics in Randolph county is William C. Bynum, sheriff. He is what is known as a born politician, that is, he has the happy faculty of always making and never losing friends. He is now serving his fourth term as occupant of one of the best offices in the county's gift, with a favorable outlook for a still further hold on it. William C. Bynum was born and reared in Randolph county and is the son of Reuben and Emma (Collins) Bynum. He was educated in the public schools, and at the age of twenty entered into business for himself at Shellman. He was first elected sheriff of Randolph county in 1889, and three times since then have the people voted him the man for the place. Outside of his official duties he has large farming interests and conducts a big livery stable in Shellman. Mr. Bynum was married to Fanny Kleckley, a daughter of Joseph Kleckley of Macon county, Feb. 25, 1876. They have one child--J. Carlton. Mr. Bynum is a Mason and belongs to the Knights of Pythias fraternity. He is a splendidly equipped busi ness man and a citizen who is a credit to the county.

F)EAN. The Dean family hold an honored place in Georgia's history, and in
peace or war the name is always to be found. Thomas Dean was a native of Virginia and settled in North Carolina near Raleigh, where he raised a family. He was with the colonies in the struggle for independence, and served them by
speech and sword. About 1820, when well up in years, he followed a brother, John, who were previously settled in Talbot county, Ga., and moving to this state located in Jasper county. He had the following children: Wiley, Henry, John,
William, Jane, who married Warren Ambers; Nancy, married to William Alex ander; Candis, wife of James Alexander; Mrs. Sarah Williamson; Mrs. Elizabeth Kendrick. All these had families and settled in Georgia but William, who migrated to Texas. Henry, the second son, born near Raleigh, N. C., in 1802,
came with his parents to this state. When about reaching manhood he left home and took up life in Harris county. Here he married Melinda Richardson, a native of Jasper county, Ga., and a daughter of Robert Richardson, an old settler and
farmer of that county. He served in the Indian wars, and for years was an influen tial citizen and big farmer of Harris county. He began life without capital or help, and through his own industry and habits accumulated much property. At the breaking out of the war he owned TOO slaves. He died in 1886, leaving a
large estate in Harris county. Before the war he was an active whig, and afterward a democrat Mrs. Henry Dean died, aged forty-five years. To them were born ten children, five of whom are living, as follows: T. E., living near Shellman;
Mrs. Valonia Hewell, of Chattahoochee county; Robert P., of Talbotton, Talbot Co.; Mrs. Lizzie Miller, of Harris county; and O. Z. Dean. Mr. O. Z. Dean, the subject of this sketch, was the youngest child, and born in Harris county in
1850, where he attended the public schools. In 1868 his father purchased a large tract of land around Shellman and the son was sent there to look after it In 1872 he came to Randolph county to live permanently, and took up his home on a fine tract of 600 acres. This land is almost entirely level, well cultivated and
equal to any in this section of the state. Mr. Dean married Tallulah C. Phelps of Randolph county, but a native of Calhoun county. She is the daughter of Z. E. Phelps, a native of the Carolinas. They have six children: Birdie, wife of J. A.
Martin, a merchant of Shellman; Estelle, Henry, Phelps, Pearl, and O. Z., all at home. Mr. and Mrs. Dean are conscientious members of the Baptist church

75O

MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

and he is a democrat They live in a fine home in Shellman and he is one of the prominent citizens of the town.

("^EORGE W. DOZIER, mayor of Coleman, and a leading farmer of Randolph county, jvas born in Sumter county in 1838, and descends from a family well
known throughout the state of Georgia. James and Nancy (Moore) Dozier were among the early settlers of Sumter county, coming from North Carolina, of which state they were natives. They located northwest of Americus and lived there until their death. James Dozier was a soldier in the war of 1812, and the wars with the Indians in Florida and Georgia in 1835-36. He was a well-to-do fanner, a democrat in politics, and a warm personal friend of Andrew Jackson. He died in the sixties, at the age of seventy-seven, his wife having died a few years before him. They were respected members of the Primitive Baptist church. To them were born the following named children, all of whom lived to maturity: Edmond, died at the age of sixty years, in Georgia; Nancy, wife of James M. X. Lowe, died aged sixty-one years, at the home of Mr. Geo. W. Dozier; L. R., who settled in Clay county late in life, and there died; and John B. John. B., the third child, was born and attained his majority in Sumter county. His wife was Jane Ogletree, a native of Georgia. They had two children, who, upon the parents' death in 1847, went to live with an uncle, L. R. Dozier. The children were James I- and George W., the last-named the subject of this sketch. In 1853 they moved to Gay county, and both attended school there. James L., the elder, finally located in Dougherty county, while G. W. lived in both Clay and Dougherty until 1870, when he settled on the Bramlett place in Randolph county, where he resided until 1889, when he moved to Coleman, in order to educate his children. Mr. Dozier married Mary Jane Jones, the daughter of Willis Jones of Lee county. She was born in Louisiana on Bayou Bartholomew, and was but a. child when her parents moved to Lee county. She was educated at Dover, Terrell county. To Mr. and Mrs. Dozier have been born seven children, as follows: James F., a graduate of the Agricultural college at Cuthbert; William Mercer, George W., Jr., Mary Eveline, Mabel Clarence, Raburn R., and Willis C., deceased. Mr. Dozier has taken pleasure in giving his children the benefit of good schools and possesses justifiable pride in their educational accomplishments. Mr. Dozier was a brave soldier in the ranks of the gray, and no private who entered either army has a better record. He enlisted in 1861 in Company H, Fifty-first Georgia vol unteers, and served until the surrender. He was in the second battle of Manassas, at Chancellorsville and connecting engagements, and the great battle of Gettys burg, at Frenchtown, Knoxville, Tenn., the Wilderness, Spottsylvania, Cold Har bor, and Petersburg. On April 6, 1865, he was taken prisoner at Farmville, Va., and was held until July 26 at Point Lookout, Md. Mr Dozier for two years was color-bearer of his regiment, with the rank of first lieutenant, and his war history is replete with narrow escapes and thrilling experiences. Since the war he lias devoted himself to farming, and for awhile was engaged in merchandising at Coleman. He owns a fine farm ten miles south of Cuthbert, besides* good res idence and store property in Coleman. He is a democrat and a Mason, high in the honors of that fraternity. The family are all members of the Missionary Baptist church, and are highly esteemed by all who enjoy their acquaintance.

r\R. W. S. DUDLEY, county school commissioner and retired physician of Cuthbert, Ga., was born in St. Matthew's parish, S. C., and is a great-grandson
of John Adam Treuitlen, the first elected governor of Georgia, and a hero in the great struggle for independence. John Adam Treuitlen was first appointed

RANDOLPH COUNTY SKE1CHES.

751

governor and afterward elected by Ihe people, serving until Jan. 8, 1778. He was a man of great personal courage and splendid executive ability. He and a brother, CapL Frederick Treuitlen, came to America together in the early settlement of the colony. Their father started with them, but died and was buried
at sea. The Treuitlens came from England to Georgia and located at a point on the river above Savannah, in the neighborhood of a place known as Sister's ferry. Unable to find a church of his denomination Mr. Treuitlen, soon after coming here, united with the German Lutheran church at Ebenezer. His death was most deplorable, he being assassinated by the British and their sympathizers, and his body drawn and quartered, in the presence of his family. This tragic event followed a systematic persecution he had been subjected to, on account of
his loyalty to the cause of the patriots. Capt Frederick Treuitlen and wife are buried at St. Simon's island, and have many descendants. Gov. Treuitlen had several children, John, Christian, and a daughter, Mary. The latter married Edward Dudley, who was a native of England, and a man of wealth and scholarly accomplishments. He was assassinated in St Matthew's parish, S. C., just after the revolutionary war, during the period of lawlessness which then prevailed. The wife lived to an old age and died in St Matthew's. They had born to them the following children: William John, who died without issue; Guilford, who
married Miss Gilliland, of Savannah; Mary, wife of A. Atnaker; Dorothea; and Edward. The last mentioned died at the early age of twenty-three years, leaving two sons: Walter Stafford and Rinaldo Pearce. The mother of these children was Elizabeth Kennedy, of Scotch-Irish descent. She was born in Effingham county, Ga., and there reared and educated. She was married the second time to John G. Morel, by whom she had a large family of children, eight of whom lived
to be grown. She died in 1857, at a ripe old age. Walter Stafford Dudley, at ten years of age, was sent to live with his guardian, Adam Amaker, in South Carolina, while his mother returned to her parents in Georgia. He attended the public schools, then went to a literary school at Cokesbury, S. C., and next to Citadel academy, the military school of South Carolina. This thorough training of mind and body well prepared him for the active and useful life he has since followed. He studied medicine and was graduated from the Charleston Medical college in 1854. He began his professional practice in Orangeburgh, S. C., and continued it for five years, when ill health obliged him to remove to his plantation in the country. During the civil war he raised several companies for service, and a number of times went to Charleston to enter the service. After the war he engaged in teaching, and in 1867 he moved to Cuthbert. In 1880 he accepted the presidency of the Middle Georgia Agricultural and Military college at Milledgeville, which position he occupied until 1884, when he went to Jackson, Miss., where he taught for a short time in a female college. He lived in Tennessee and Florida for a while, and then returned to Cuthbert, where he holds the position of county school commissioner, and is engaged in the insurance business. Dr.
Dudley was married to Miss Elliott, a native of South Carolina, by whom he had three daughters: Mrs. Mary Bailey, of Florida; Mrs. Annie Taylor, of South Carolina; and Mrs. Emma Thomas, of Tampa, Fla. His first wife died in 1868. Dr. Dudley's second wife was Sarah Miller, of Charleston, S. C. He was the third time wedded to Miss Mary Willson, of Tallahassee, Fla., and to them have been born two children: David, and Catharine Trueitlen. The family are com municants of the Presbyterian church. Dr. Dudley is one of the most widely known educators in the state, and his superior mental acquirements have given
him a position in the front rank of his profession.

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MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

l-l B. ELDER, planter, of Randolph county, is a son of William N. and Cath* arine (Jackson) Elder, and was born Feb. 9, 1822. His father was a native
of Virginia, and his mother was from South Carolina, and both lived to a good old age. Mr. Elder was brought up on the farm and picked up his education in odd hours he found a chance to spend in the old log school house. When the war broke out he was conducting a tannery in Monroe county, and the Confed
erate government needing tanners as well as soldiers, he was exempted from service. He ran the tanner}- and a general merchandise store during the whole of the war, and for years afterward. He has for a number of years operated a large stone quarry on his farm, and the material there produced is in great demand all over the state. Mr. Elder was married to Susan Reading, a daughter of P. D. Reading, and they have
had born to them eight children, of whom only three are living: W. G, Emma K.,
and Herbert P. Mr. Elder is a conscientious member of the Methodist church and a stanch democrat in politics. He owns a fine farm, to which he gives his attention, and where he lives in happy retirement from an active, busy life, amidst his family and grandchildren.

WILLIAM D. HAMMOCK. For many years identified with the Baptist church as a minister of the gospel and its teachings, Rev. William D. Ham
mock, is one of the prominent citizens of Randolph county. His father, William
Hammock, was from Twiggs county, Ga., and was the son of Paschal Hammock, who descended from one of two brothers, who came from Ireland and settled in
Georgia, probably in Savannah. Paschal followed farming and lived to be eighty-
four years old, dying in Coleman in 1865, having come to Randolph county just before the war. He was twice married, William Hammock being by the first
marriage, and there being two other sons and two daughters. By the second marriage there were three daughters and one son. Paschal Hammock was quite well educated, and at one time was wealthy. He was a democrat in politics and a devoted member of the Baptist church. William Hammock, the father of the
subject of this sketch, was born in the spring of 1814, and was married to Barbara Woolley, a native of South Carolina, born Aug. 3, 1814. They were wedded in 1833, and in 1835 settled in Randolph county, near what is now known as Cotton
hflL In 1836 he had to leave his family to go into the war against the Indians, and as a precaution against danger, they were sent to Twiggs county. In 1837 he returned near Coleman, and purchased a farm, where he continued to live until his
death, in 1863. This was caused by exposure, while he was visiting his sons who were in the army and stationed at Cumberland gap. He was a self-made man, whose motto was: "Do right, and attend to your own business." He accumu lated considerable property, and left a large estate at his death. He was a democrat,
but paid little attention to politics, his farming interests and domestic duties occu pying his time. He was a genius in some things, and while never learned as a carpenter, he was able to build with his own hands a big part of the old farm-place
house, which is now occupied by Rev. Mr. Hammock. His wife died Feb. 2, 1894. Familiarly known to the present generation as "Aunt Hammock/' her demise was the cause of much genuine regret. She was a devout member of the church, and the mother of nine children: Mrs. C. E. Garrett, BlufTton, Ga.; James Paschal, who died in 1862 at Knoxville, Tenn.; Zilpha E., the wife of S. E. Davis, a Primitive Baptist minister, of Early count}', Ga.; William D., the subject of this sketch; John G., of Worth county, Ga.; Mrs. Anna Singleton, of Bluffton, Ga.; Daniel W., of the firm of Hammock & Rish, Coleman, Ga.; Mrs. Riley F. Moore, of Randolph county; Joseph J.; James, who died at Knoxville, in the war, and left a wife and one child--Lula. The latter died at an early age, and the
mother now lives in Montezuma, Ga. The father belonged to Company G, Fifty-

RANDOLPH COUNTY SKETCHES.

753

fifth Georgia regiment. Rev. William D. Hammock was born on the old home place, within a mile of where he now lives, April 13. 1842. He was educated in the local schools, and in April, 1862, responded to the call of the south for troops to repel invaders, and enlisted in Company G, which was later assigned to the Fifty-fifth Georgia regiment. They did service in Tennessee and Kentucky till
the capture of the company at Cumberland gap. Rev. Hammock was in Knoxville, Tenn., sick, when his company was captured. He afterward returned to a place near Chickamauga, and after the battle was sent by Gen. Bragg to report to Col. A. W. Pierson, at Atlanta. In February, 1864, he went to Andersonville, and was connected with Capt. Wirtz, of the prison, till April 7, 1865. After the war he stayed at home with his mother, and on Nov. 10. 1870. he married Victoria J. Lanier, a native of Early county, and a daughter of John Lanier, planter, of Early county. Her father died when she was a babe, and her mother and children moved to a place adjoining Mrs. Hammock's, where she grew to womanhood. She died Feb. 4, 1887, a good Christian mother and a helpful, loving wife. The issue of this union was one child, Eva, now the wife ofW. H. Tenkins, of Coleman. She has one son--William. In August, 1888, Rev. Hammock was mar ried again, to Julia Jenkins, daughter of John H. Jenkins, of Clay county. Mr.
Jenkins now lives in Coleman. Mrs. Hammock was born and reared in tlie house in which she was married, and was educated in the schools of Fort
Gaines. They have one child, Willie D. Mr. and Mrs. Hammock belong to the Baptist church, of which Mr. Hammock is an elder. He was ordained June, 1886,
to preach the gospel, and has since been actively engaged in the pulpit most of his time. His charge is at present the Mount Zion, Gilliard and Mount Yernon churches of Clay county, and the Friendship church of Randolph county. He
has been a member of the Baptist church since he was sixteen years old. Rev. Hammond is a Mason, high in the degrees of the fraternity. He owns a fine farm two miles from Coleman, which he cultivates, and where he lives. In 1865 Mr. Hammock was summoned to Washington, D. C, in connection with the noted case of Capt. Wirtz, the officer in command of Andersonville prison during the war.

C T. JENKIXS, now of Denver, Colo., son of W. C. Jenkins and Penelope McLendon, was born at Indian Springs, Ga., June 14, 1838. When two years of
age his father died, and his mother moved to Randolph county, Ga., where he was raised a country boy, and graduated at Graystown college, Kentucky, in 1860. He chose teaching as a profession, and in May, 1861, turned over a selected school of forty boys in Cuthbert, Ga., to the Presbyterian minister, and entered the army in the Fifth Georgia regiment. He was afterward an officer in the Forty-seventh
Georgia until the last year of the war, when his health failing, he was placed in the secret service of the Confederacy in Florida, where he was engaged until the war closed. In a few days after the war closed he was merchandising in Cuthbert on a capital of less than $10, doing his own cooking (in a sardine box) and work ing night and clay. In three months lie had made $1,500, selling no whisky and no drugs. In two years he had an almost unlimited credit, established by buying and selling for cash only, and was worth $20,000. In 1867 he was forced into the
credit business, and had plenty of it, but cotton dropped from thirty-seven cents to seven cents per pound, and he was overwhelmed with bankrupt notices. He compromised with his debtors, but refused to do so with his creditors at an offer of fifty cents on the dollar. But, instead, he paid all the principal and interest--the latter amounting to more than $10,000--for he was over twenty years in cancelling his indebtedness. Seeing that all cotton was destruction, he began the publication
of "The Southern Enterprise," in Atlanta, Ga., "Diversified Industrie's" as his motto, and this was the first paper in the south to publish a regular immigration
11-48

754

MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

department. Four years of the best energies of his life were devoted to this
work, during which time he was practicing what he preached, on Harvest Home, his
celebrated fruit farm near Cuthbert, Ga.; and it is gratifying to his friends that he has lived to see Harvest Home peaches famous throughout the United States, and the palm yielded to his native section for growing the finest peaches in the world.
Twelve years ago he moved to Baltimore and engaged in the law and collection business and in the manufacturing ripe fruit carriers, a novel invention of his
own, in which ripe peaches can be shipped anywhere without ice, some having been successfully sent to Europe. Three years ago he was compelled to leave
the south and make his home in the far northwest, among strangers, in search of
health for a dear son. Mr. Jenkins was married to Miss Nannie T. Jackson, of Vir ginia, in 1866, and they have three children--Claude J., Pearl K., and Robbie. All of his family are members of the Baptist church, and he is a master Mason. Mr. Jenkins' fruit farm, Harvest Home, is all the business tie he has to his dear native
south.

DETER E. KEESE, merchant, Benevolence, Randolph county, was born in this . county, and was the son of E. H. and Henrietta (Kingston) Keese. Mr. K H.
Keese, a prominent planter of Randolph county, and honored citizen, was born Xov. 10,1826, in South Carolina, near the Georgia line. His parents died when he was a small boy, and left him with an uncle, with whom he remained for a short time, when he came to Georgia and found a place in Randolph county, where ho \vent to work for wages, laboring six months and going to school the other six.
Ke also followed the business of a peddler, and sold tinware and domestic goods to the housewife and mother. He married Henrietta Kingston, a maiden of Ran
dolph county, having been born near Benevolence about 1836. After his marriage he purchased 100 acres of land, two and one-half miles north of Benevolence, where he resided till his death, May 21, 1894, except one year, during which he sold his place and purchased one adjoining, upon which he resided a few months, only to buy back the home place. He was an ardent worker in his church--Bap tist--and one of its most liberal supporters. He united with the church in 1852 and was a strict member up to the end of his life. As a husband and father he was a noble example. He was affectionate as well as genial, and possessed all
those traits of character which go to make a home pleasant and attractive. He u as a man who cherished only the kindest feelings toward his fellow-men, what ever their grade, condition or race. To do good was his aim in life. Place, position, power, honor or worldly glory never entered his mind. Only a few knew his true worth, and only his most intimate friends knew what a peerless
character was covered by an exterior of unassuming simplicity. He was a beloved Christian gentleman. He took no part in politics, more than to exercise the right of suffrage, but was a stanch democrat. He served in the state militia
for a while during the late war. He was quite successful in business, and at the time of his death left quite a large fortune. To Mr. and Mrs. Keese were born
eleven children, as follows: Rev. A. E., of Bowman, Ga., president of the Gibson institute; Mrs. Mollie E. Mitchiner, who lives near Dawson; Peter E., the subject of this sketch; Mrs. Sarah E. Harris, Benevolence, Ga.; Mrs. Theodosia Graham, of Fort Gaines, Ga.; Mrs. Emma F. Ward, on the old home place; Mrs. Robert Ellen Crozier, living near Benevolence; H. L., Benevolence; W. S., teaching school at Bowman; Miss Alma E., at school at Bowman; Johnnie. Mrs. Keese was a devoted member of the Baptist church, a good Christian and a loving mother. She died in June, 1894, aged fifty-eight years. Mr. Peter E. Keese lived on the home place with his parents until after he reached his majority. His edu-

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RANDOLPH COUNTY SKKTCHES.

755

cation was obtained in the schools in Benevolence and Fort Gaines. When twenty-four years old he moved to Benevolence and engaged in merchandising,
at the same time farming. He has been twice married. His first wife was Susan Wade, daughter of John Wade, of Hancock county. She was born in Randolph county, but when a child her parents moved to Hancock county, where she grew
up. She was an excellent woman and a conscientious Christian, and her death, but two months after her marriage, was deeply lamented. His second wife was
Irene L. Wiggins, born in Fort Valley, Houston Co., Ga., and the daughter of William A. Wiggins, now deceased. They have one child--Lillian Keese. Mr. and Mrs. Keese are members of the Baptist church. In politics he is a democrat Mr. Keese is now a partner in the firm of Ferryman & Keese, general merchan
dise, Benevolence. He has a pleasant home in that promising little town, where he stands high as a citizen and business man.

I J. M'DONALD. The McDonald family ,which has achieved much prominence
in the annals of Georgia's history, descends from the McDonald who was born on the isle of Skye, Scotland, and coming to America, settled at Fayetteville, N. C.
There a son, John, was born and grew to manhood. He married a Miss Shaw, a native of that state, and with his family came to Georgia and located in Screven
county, from which he afterward removed to Randolph county. He was among its first settlers, was a fanner, an old-line whig and a strict member of the Pres byterian church. He died about five years after taking up his residence in Ran
dolph county, leaving his wife, who survived him many years. They were blessed with five children: Edward, now deceased; Archie, who settled in Mississippi, where he died; Mrs. Dollie Smith, of Randolph county; Mrs. Abbie Cheshire, now deceased, and Mrs. Catherine Ivy, who lives in Randolph county. Edward
McDonald, the eldest of these children, was born in 1812, and died in December, 1878. He came from North Carolina with his parents and commenced life as a clerk for a Mr. Buchanan, one of the first merchants of Cuthbert, and was at times employed by Jesse B. Key and John McKay Gunn. He continued in this capacity till the building of the railroad to Cuthbert, when he opened a cotton warehouse and engaged in buying and selling cotton. He was very successful in his business
affairs and acquired much wealth. He was opposed to secession, but when the state withdrew from the Union he was quick to respond to duty in defense of home and property rights. He was very charitable and liberal with his means, and was a friend to nearly every one. He was often called on before the war for help in the way of indorsements of obligations. At the close of the war he found himself impoverished, and just where he had started many years before. With a new will
he began business again, and opened his warehouse. He had much to contend with, and was frequently imposed on by friends, by whom he lost much money; still he persevered and regained a goodly portion of his previous accumulations. Mr. McDonald was a notary public for many years, at one time clerk of the
superior court of Randolph county, and was also a justice of the inferior court. He was made a member of the masonic order early in life, and derived much pleasure
from the associations he there formed. Like his parents, he was a regular at tendant and a member of the Presbyterian church. Previous to the war he was active in behalf of the whig party, but in later years was a firm democrat Mr. McDonald was a conspicuous figure in business circles in his day, and was a public-spirited citizen, who did much to rebuild his city and county. In private
life he was the most companionable of men. He married Eliza Hannah Ross, who was born in Laurens county, Ga., and was the daughter of James L. Ross, a native of North Carolina, but whose progenitors came from Scotland. Some

756

MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

members of the family came to Georgia, and the name became well known throughout the state. Eliza Hannah McDonald was born in 1825, and died aged sixty-six years. She was a woman possessed of the most striking traits of Christian character, and was loved by all who enjoyed the privilege of her ac quaintance. She was the mother of nine children: James J., the subject of this sketch; Edward, cashier of the Cuthbert national bank; Mrs. Mollie Baldwin, Mrs. Mattie K. Lumlin, Miss Xettie; George, president of Cuthbert bank; Ross, Floyd, and Lilah, who died in youth. Mr. James J. McDonald, the eldest son--the subject of this sketch--was born Feb. 12, 1845, m Randolph county, where he attended school till the breaking out of the late war, when he enlisted as a private in Company A of the Second Georgia cavalry, serving throughout the struggle. When his colonel, C. C. Crews, was made a brigade commander he acted as aidede-camp until the war closed. His first battle was Murfreesboro, Tenn.; then Perryville, Ky., and then at Murfreesboro again. He was on Gen. Crews' staff when Stoneman was captured in Georgia. When peace was declared Mr. Mc Donald returned to his home, Cuthbert, and engaged in the drug business, which he conducted until about 1872. Since that time he has turned his attention to farming and banking and dealing in stocks, bonds, lands, etc. He is now one of the largest planters in southern Georgia, owning vast estates in Randolph and C'alhoun counties, and is a large shareholder in the bank of Cuthbert. Mr. Mc Donald is a prosperous business man, and his career, crowned with rare success, has been achieved by fair and honorable methods. He has ever held his honor sacred, and even- obligation he assumed was faithfully carried out. He possesses zi remarkably clear and well poised judgment, and is seldom in error in any business project he has carefully investigated. Through every moment of his business and private life there has shone a rigid and unflinching integrity, which has never yielded to any stress of circumstances, and was never led by any plausible consid^cration of policy. He is a free giver to deserving charity, and a friend of the needy. *The allurements of political life have no charm for him, and beyond the discharge of the duty every private citizen owes to public affairs, he takes but little part in politics, though a stanch democrat. With the exception of serving in the general assembly from Randolph county in 1877-78, he never held an office. Mr. McDonald was married, May 3, 1866, to Eudora L. daughter of John W. and Sarah B. (Bailey) Harris, of Randolph county. They have had born to them three children: John H., who died aged two years; Eva Gertrude, who died at Wesleyan Female college, at Macon, July 21, 1887, aged seventeen years, and Annie, who married John W. Drewry, and lives in Cuthbert, Ga. The family are members of the Methodist church, and Mr. McDonald, like his father, is an eminent member of the masonic order. They live in a beautiful home in Cuthbert, sur rounded by all the comforts of life.

I H. MAXRY, merchant and planter, Bethel, Randolph Co., was born in Early * county in 1841, and is the son of William and Ann (Collier) Manry. William Manry was a native of Georgia, born Dec. 17, 1820, and settled near Blakely, Early Co., when the county was infested by Indians. He moved his family to Calhoun county in 1849 an(l located near the Randolph county line, not far from the present residence of J. H. Manry. Here he lived until his death in 1886. In early life he was a mechanic, and worked at his trade in connection with farming. Later he gave his entire attention to farming with gratifying success. He was an open, whole-souled man, born to pour sunshine into the world and make others happy. Of a generous nature, liberal to a fault, kind and considerate, he was a friend of even-body. He was a hard worker, but always found time to

RANDOLPH COUNTY SKETCHES.

75-

enjoy the society of his large and happy family, to whom he was impressively devoted. Mrs. Manry was born May 10, 1818, and died Aug. 23, 1865. She and her husband were consistent members of the Missionary Baptist church. To them were born eight children, seven of whom were sons. Of the children five are living: J. H., the subject of this sketch; J. B., a farmer of Calhoun county; William, Jr., of Calhoun county; Simon W., Calhoun county; Penelope, of Calhoun county. All the deceased children were sons, and two of them were lost in the battle of Sharpsburg. Benjamin R, eighteen years old, was killed in this battle. He was a member of Company E, Fifty-first Georgia regiment, to which company his brother, John B., also belonged. The latter was known to enter into the conflict and was probably killed and his body buried among the unidentified dead, as nothing as ever been heard from him since. Joseph is the third dead son. Mr. Manry was the second time married to Mrs. Martha A. Culbrath, a native of Alabama. They had four children: B. Franklin, Easter, Belle and Sidar, all of whom live in Calhoun county. Mr. J. H. Manry, the eldest son of William Manry, was reared on the farm and educated in the common schools. At eighteen years of age he commenced life for himself as over seer for Benjamin Hodge, of Calhoun county. He had just settled on part of the old home place when the call for volunteers for the war was made. He enlisted in Company E, Fifty-first Georgia regiment, and was placed in Gen. Longstreet's corps. He was in the thickest of the battle of Sharpsburg, and at the Wilder ness was disabled by a piece of shell which incapacitated him for duty for a few days. He refused to go to the hospital, however, and was soon back in the ranks. The shell which struck him killed seven of his comrades, including the colorbearer of the regiment. He was in many skirmishes, seeing active service all the time he was out. At Gettysburg he was taken prisoner and confined sixteen months at Point Lookout, Md., and four months at Fort Delaware. While in prison he waited upon one hundred of his sick comrades, and during the scourge of smallpox handled thirty-six cases. Mr. Manry says his stay in prison, com pared with the experience of some others, was pleasant, and the greatest exception was when he was handcuffed, two hours of which was for laughing. During his confinement he helped provide for the comforts of his sick comrades by making finger rings of bone, which he found sale for at one dollar each. He was finally sent home on a parole for forty days, and when he started back the army had surrendered, so he returned to his parents' home and resumed fanning. Mr. Manry was married in 1862 to Easter O. Saxon, a native of Randolph county. She was born Jan. 3, 1843, and was a daughter of Richmond and Jane (Martin) Saxon, early settlers of Randolph county, where she was reared and educated. They have had fourteen children, those living being John B., Albany, Ga.; Mrs. Nannie Bynum, living near Shelman, Randolph Co.; Mrs. Mary Webb, of Calhoun county; Mrs. Dosea Wiggins, Calhoun county; Miss Sarah, at home; Mrs. Etta Grubbs, living on the old home place with her parents; Richmond A.; Miss Lula; J. H., Jr.; Miss Lydia and Bessie. Those deceased are Mrs. Ida Taylor, Minnie and a baby boy. Mr. Manry settled in Randolph county in 1868, near where he now lives, at New Bethel. He conducts a general merchandising establishment there, and in connection with his farm has a
gin and mill. He owns about 1,800 acres of land, 1,100 of which are improved, all the result of his own energy and industrious habits. When he returned from the war he had nothing to commence life with except his will. Mr. Manry, wife and family are members of the Baptist church, of which he is one of the deacons. He 'has belonged to this church since he was fifteen years of age. In politics he is a democrat, and while he has never aspired to office, he takes

758

MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

a very active interest in the welfare of his party. He is broad-minded and liberal and of sympathetic and generous disposition, characteristics that have made him
justly popular and influential among his fellow-citizens. His success has been due not only to his natural fine ability as a business man, but to his integrity and
fair dealing as well

D EV. JOHN MARTIN, minister of the gospel and planter, of Randolph county, is one of the oldest settlers now living in this county, having resided here
continuously since 1831, except one year spent in Stewart county. Mr. Martin
was born Jan. 3, 1821, in the Union district, S. C, and was the son of James and
Hester (Began) Martin, natives of South Carolina and of Irish parentage. Robert Martin, grandfather of the subject of this sketch, and his wife, Polly, were born
in Ireland, and came to this country before the revolutionary war, in which he served as a soldier. He had a brother, who also came over at the same time
and settled in the palmetto state. He, too, was in the patriot army, and while making his escape from the British troops was forced to swim a river. In doing
so he was shot in the arm, so crippling him that although the shore and safety were within a few yards he was obliged to succumb and was drowned. Robert Martin was a farmer, and died at an old age in South Carolina, leaving a large
family of children. One of his sons, James, was born in 1788, and when a young man moved to Georgia and settled in Jasper county, where he married the mother of Rev. Martin. He, too, followed farming, and died in Randolph
county on the tract of land his son now owns. He left South Carolina with his
family in 1821, and coming overland to Georgia, settled in Jasper county, where they resided to 1831, when they moved to Randolph county, and located on a piece of land where he continued to live until his death in 1869. He was a man vigorous in physical development and of high mental attainments. Five of his
sons became ministers of the gospeL His wife's death occurred just previous to her husband's demise. She was a good mother and wife, and a member of
the Baptist church from childhood. This union was blessed with ten children, who are as follows: Rev. Isaac, who died in Texas; Rev. Robt. now in Texas: Rev. John, the subject of this sketch; Rev. Crawford, now of Texas; Rev. Charles C., of Randolph count}'; George, of Randolph; James C., of Cuthbert; Mrs.
Eastor Houston, of Louisiana; Mrs. Jane Sapon, of Randolph county, and Nancy, who died in childhood. Rev. Mr. Martin grew to manhood on the place
where he now lives, and was educated in the common schools of that time. He has been engaged in farming all his life, and in 1866 opened a store which he continued until a few years ago. He has been uniformly successful with eventhing he has been associated with in a business way, the result of his quick mind and industrious habits. He professed religion in his nineteenth year, and
soon after was licensed to preach. In 1844 he was ordained as a minister of the Baptist church, and has since occupied the pulpit regularly, devoting most of his time to the poorer churches. His charge now embraces one church in Randolph county and one in Stewart. His has been an unusually active life, and one which has ever brought him the love and esteem of all who knew him. He was married in 1838 to Martha Truitt, born in Jasper county in 1821 and a
daughter of Riley and Boneta (Smith) Truitt, natives of Wilkes county, Ga. Mrs. Martin was the youngest child, her father having died soon after her birth. She was reared and educated in the common schools. To Mr. and Mrs. Martin have been born thirteen children, eleven of whom are living: J. M., who lives with Rev. J. W.; Hester, wife of W. S. Curry, living on the old settlement place; Amanda, wife of C. F. Curry, of Randolph county; R. B.; Mrs. Sarah Watson; Mrs. Tyree Saxon: Mrs. Mattie Swan, and Miss Lillie Martin of Randolph

RANDOLPH COUNTY SKETCHES.
county; J. A. and C. W. Martin, of Shellman. The two children deceased are Mrs. Mary Jones Pope, who died in Texas, and R. T., killed at Bainbridge, Ga. Rev. Mr. Martin is the grandfather of fifty-two children and the great-grandfather of twelve, and the immediate family connections number over 100 persons. Mr. Martin is a stanch supporter of the principles of democracy, and takes great interest in the welfare of the party. The family home is eleven and one half miles southeast of Cuthbert, and the neighborhood is known as the Martin settlement. Mr. Martin was appointed postmaster during Harrison's administration. The postoffice was established before the war and was known as Bedford, and J. C. Martin was the first postmaster. During President Har rison's administration the name of Bethel was given to the office. Mrs. Amanda Curry is now the post-mistress.
14 C. NEWTON. The present generation of Xewtons, one of the oldest and . * most influential families of the palmetto state, is represented in Randolph county, Ga., by H. C. Newton, a successful merchant of Cuthbert. They are descendants of the Newtons of England. His great-grandfather. Giles Newton, was a resident of Henrico county, Va., and reared a family of two sons and four daughters, as follows: James Newton, Younger Newton, Martha Bullard, Eliza beth Summerall, Ann Herndon and Portwood. He and his two sons, James and Younger, served as patriots in the war of the revolution, at the close of which they moved, with their families, to Marlboro district, S. C., and entered and purchased large tracts of land on both sides of the North and South Carolina line. Having amassed quite a fortune in lands and chattels, he died Oct. 15, 1807, leaving to his wife, Bettie Newton, several plantations and quite a number of negroes and cattle. James Newton died a resident of Marlboro district, S. C., in 1836. He names in his will three sons and three daughters, as follows: James Newton, William Newton, Pleasant Newton, Martha Wright, Elizabeth Purnell and Sarah Adams. Of these, Pleasant died a resident of Marlboro district, S. C. James and William moved away, probably to North Carolina or Georgia. Younger Newton, son of the above-named Giles Newton, was born in Henrico county, Va., in 1761, spent his early manhood in defense of his country, and after the British yoke had been broken and independent, he took to himself a wife--Miss Curghill, of Roanoke, Va.--and moved with his father and brother, James, to Marlboro district, S. C, and reared a large and industrious family, consisting of five sons and five daughters, as follows: Giles Newton, moved to Georgia or Alabama; Benjamin Newton, moved to Indiana; Younger Newton, Cornelius Xewton, Daniel Newton, Sallie, married Mose Parker and moved to Ohio; Nancy, married John Usher; Julia, married John P. Adams; Elizabeth, married Samuel Snead. and moved to North Carolina; Mary. Younger Newton, grandson of Giles Newton, and father of H. C. Newton, was born in Marlboro district. S. C., June 6. 1792, served in the war of 1812, at the close of which he married a Miss Smith, of North Carolina. To this union were born six sons and two daughters, as follows: Giles, Cornelius, Alexander, Anderson, William, Younger S., Ann and Elizabeth. Having lost his wife in the year 1840, he married Aliss Harriet Covington, of North Carolina, daughter of Bexley Covington, and his first wife, who was a Miss Hunter. To this union were born thirteen children, five of whom died in infancy, the remaining eight are as follows: John C., killed at Dairy's bluff. May, 1864; David D.; Martha, married A. B. Covington: Dudley C., died in Mississippi, Tallahatchie county, July, 1871; Nancy, married P. E. Odom: Peter S.: Frances, married H. C. Northam; H. C., subject of this sketch. II. C. Xewton was born April n, 1855, in Marlboro district, S. C, was the tenth child of his parents, and is the youngest son now living. He was given an excellent education, first

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MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

going to private schools for his youthful instruction, then at Boykin and Pine

Grove academies, in preparing for a course at Wofford college, South Carolina.

He would have graduated from the latter institution, but left his studies four

months before the completion of the term, to accept a position as bookkeeper at

Rockingham, X. C. He then began his business career by opening a merchandise

store near the old home-place of his family. He conducted this two years, then

taught school for three years, after which he again turned his attention to mercan

tile life and opened a store at the same place, which was named after him New-

tonville. He was the first postmaster of the village, and served eight years. In

1892 he moved to Marion count}, S. C., to accept the position of principal of Peedee

academy. The following winter he came to Georgia and settled near Cuthbert, on

the old Mattox homestead. This lie afterward sold, and now resides in Cuthbert,

where he is engaged in the mercantile business. Mr. Newton takes a prominent

part in politics, and is a leader in the peoples party. He was nominated on this

ticket in 1894 for the general assembly, and with the energy, characteristic of

the man, started in on a systematic campaign; but it was discovered that he could

not legally hold the position to which he was nominated, as he had not been a

resident of the state long enough. Mr. Xewton accepted the situation gracefully, and,

retiring from the ticket, gave his successor the same efforts he would have exerted for

himself. Mr. Xewton was married to Myrtle A. Xewton, of the same county as hisown.

She was educated at Ioykin academy. They have one child, Gertrude. The

family belongs to the Methodist church. Mr. Xewton is a master Mason, and a

member of the Kappa Alpha society. Mrs. H. C. Xewton is a daughter of Ira L.

P. Xewton, who was a son of the above-named Daniel Xewton. She is the first

born of a family of ten five daughters and five sons. Her oldest brother, L. S.

Xewton. a bright and energetic youth, recently graduated from the Georgia-

Alabama Business college, at Macon, Ga.. and is now stenographer for H. H. New

ton, at Bennettsville, S. C. Cornelius Xewton, uncle of H. C. Xewton, was born

Dec. 25, 1797, was too young for sen-ice in the war of 1812, but defended the flock

of his father from the wolves and panthers, while his older brothers were defending

their country from British invasion. He married Miss Dorcas Purnell, in 1818,

reared a family of seven sons and seven daughters, the youngest of which, H. H.

Xewton. at the age of sixteen, joined his brothers in defense of the Confederacy,

where he served three years. He was badly wounded at Haws shop, near Coal

Harbor, Ya., May 28, 1864. He graduated from Wofford college July, 1869; was

admitted to the bar at Bennettville, S. C., 1870. He was married to Miss Martha

Johnson, May 28, 1872. Of that union, only one son was born H. H. Xewton,

Jr. who graduated from the same institution, June, 1895. Having lost his wife,

he married Miss Mary Elizabeth McRae, of which union three daughters were

born Man,-, Anna and Elizabeth. Anna die3 in 1887, and her mother in 1888.

He then married Mrs. Kate McCall Monroe, to which union three daughters have

been born Katie M., Martha and Julia. He (H. H. Xewton) has served as

delegate to numerous conventions, both political and religious: was delegate to the

straight-out convention that nominated Hampton in 1876, and was largely instru

mental in liberating his state from carpet-bag rule of that period: represented his

count}- in the state legislature. 1880-82. declining to permit his friends to run him

for same a second time: served as solicitor of the fourth circuit six years;

served as a delegate to numerous annual conferences of the Methodist Epis

copal church, south, and twice made delegate to the general conference. He 4s

correspondent for the "Commercial Law association," and has a large and lucrative

practice in his section of his state. This branch of the Xewton family are, with

one or two exceptions, exclusively an agricultural people, and Methodist in

religious belief.

""

RANDOLPH COUNTY SKETCHES.

-fa

J. OLIVER. One of Shellman's principal business men, banker, merchant, " miller, and one of the largest planters in Randolph county is W. J. Oliver. He was born three miles from where he now lives, on the old home place of his family, property of which he now owns. It was in 1854, and his father was James W. Oliver, a native of South Carolina. The latter, when a young man, came to Georgia, and was employed on farms in Laurens and Wilkinson counties. Here he met and wedded Susati Greene, who was the beautiful daughter of an old settler and well-to-do planter. In 1836, with his wife, he moved to Randolph county and purchased the tract of land which became the homestead, and on which he lived until his death. His family was brought to their new home in a one-horse wagon, and lived in camp under the big hickory trees till the husband could fell trees and build a home of logs. All was a wilderness about them, but the axe of the woodsman soon opened up a clearing, and then followed the cultivation of the land and its improvement. James Oliver was among the first settlers in this section of the country, and his first few years here were full of privation, hardships and dis appointments. He came from old Virginia stock, however, and knew how to conquer, and with a will and energy bound to succeed he achieved that end. When he died in 1856, aged fifty-eight years, he left an estate of about 2,000 acres on the home place, with about 500 acres cleared, 100 slaves, and 1.200 acres of land in the southern part of the count}-, all the result of a life of industry, good habits and wise judgment. His farm was in a high state of cultivation, with fine improvements and a big mansion thereon, erected just before he died. Mr. Oliver was a leading man of his day. He was a lover of humanitv, and born without even a knowledge of the trait of selfishness, he took as much pleasure in the happiness of others as that of himself. He was liberal to schools and charities, and was a public benefactor in helping many of these institutions. In politics lie voted with the whigs, and while he always was an active member of his party, it was not for the purpose of seeking office, but to promote the interests of the country, which he believed could be best done through the medium of legislation pledged by his party. It was in the masonic fraternity that he shone--where love and truth, friendship and charity were taught. A lodge was held for a long time at his resi dence, and for years he represented his lodge at the Grand lodge meetings. While he belonged to no church, he was a good man, whose example as a kind husband and father and patriotic citizen was worthy of the emulation of all. The wife con tinued to reside at the old homestead till her death in 1890, at a very old age. They had three children--all sons--of whom Mr. William J. Oliver, the youngest, is the only one now living. George W., deceased, was tax collector of the county for
a good many years. He served as a soldier during the late war, in which, at the battle of Chancellorsville, he lost his left leg. He was furloughed, and came home, and upon his recovery, he acted as an enlisting officer at Fort Gaines, Ga.
He was a man of traits of character like his father, and was popular with every one. After the war he took charge of his father's estate, and managed it until Mr. W. J. Oliver became of age in 1876. George W. Oliver left a wife and two children--a son and daughter. The mother lives in Shellman, and the daughter
is the wife of Robert Powell, of the same place. The son is a conductor on the Central railroad. The estate of the father was equally divided between the children and mother, excepting the 1,200 acres of land in southern Georgia, which
was bequeathed to the children. After the death of the mother and brothers, Mr. W. J. Oliver purchased from the heirs their interests, and now owns the whole of the old home place. William J. Oliver was raised on the old farm place and educated in the public schools, and at what is known as Rehaboth institute, in North Shellman. In 1883 he moved to Shellman to run a ginnery, and in 1884. started a merchandise business. In 1890. he established the Shellman Banking

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762

MEMOIRS OP GKORGIA.

company, of which he is president He now operates a large ginnery, with grist and planing mill in connection with it, which was built in 1894 at Shellman, and is one of the finest in the state. Mr. Oliver was married in 1877 to Mary Lee Taylor. The mother died, leaving four children: James Thaddeus, Leila Corrine, Dixie Alma, and Ross Layton. In 1892 he was married to Esther Bell, a daughter of John Bell, a leading farmer of Randolph county. Mr. Oliver is a member of the Knights of Pythias. He is a democrat, and though always active, in political affairs, he has never sought political preferment. Mr. Oliver is endowed with a strong will power, great tenacity of purpose, and his life has been one of devoted industry and earnest practical results. He is a progressive man, and a hustler, and his efforts have largely contributed to the welfare of the people of Shellman, who entertain the highest regard for him.
DHILIP PEARCE, prominent planter of Springvale, Randolph Co., was born
in Stewart county in 1839, and is the son of Everett E. and Rebecca (Cooper) Pierce. His father, Everett E. Pierce, was born in South Carolina and when a young man came to Georgia, and married his wife in Randolph county, where he afterward settled, about 1844. He had served his country in the war of 1812, and against the Cherokees in 1835-36, and was one of the leading fanners of his day. He was a self-made man and a carpenter by trade, and is said to have built the first frame house in Columbus, Ga. He was a strong democrat in politics, and wielded a salutary influence in his county in his earlier years. His death occurred in 1875, aged seventy-five years. His wife, and mother of the subject of this sketch, survived her husband, dying in 1890, aged seventy-eight She was the daughter of John Cooper, who came from South Carolina with early settlers, locating in Randolph county and building on the place Mr. Pearce now owns. He died there in 1837 well up in years, and leaving a large family of children, all of whom are now deceased. To the parents of Mr. Pearce were born two chil dren, the subject of this sketch, and Mrs. Sarah J. Shirley, now deceased. Mr. Philip Pearce was brought up on the old farm place in Randolph county, and was educated in the old log school house of the early day. He enlisted in the late war, joining Company E, Third Georgia regiment, Capt. Martin J. Crawford commanding. His regiment was in Braggs army, and near Louisville, Ky., he was captured and taken to that city. About a month later, at Vicksburg, Miss., he was exchanged, and returning home he was remounted and joined his com mand in Tennessee. At the time of the surrender he was with Gen. Young in South Carolina, near Columbia. He was detailed at Aiken, S. C, as a courier to take important dispatches from there to Columbia, a commission which he successfully accomplished. When peace was declared he came home, riding the horse he started out with in the fall of 1862. He then went to Alabama, where he lived about three years, when he returned to the home farm in Randolph county, where he has since engaged in farming. Mr. Pearce was married in 1860 to Leah E., daughter of Everett J. Pearce. Though of the same name the families were not related. Mrs Philip Pearces parents were also old settlers of Randolph
county, and they had a large family of children. She was the third child, and was reared and educated in Randolph county. To Mr. and Mrs. Pearce have been born nine children, as follows: Philip, residing in Stewart county; Lula, wife of J. G. Pinkston, of Lumpkin; Viola, wife of George Harris, of Texas; Florence, widow of B. W. Barfield; John T.; Jennie, married to Dr. Tims, of Texas; Edward, Scott, and Effie, at home. Mrs. Pearce is an active member of the Methodist church and well known for her kindness and charity. Mr. Pearce is a stanch democrat, and was sheriff of Randolph county from 1881 to 1885. He is still a prominent figure in the councils of the leaders of his party in county

RANDOLPH COUNTY SKETCHES.

763

and state affairs. Mr. Pearce is widely known for his deeds of charity, and as the friend of the needy and struggling. Much interested in the cause of educa tional development, his generous heart has frequently prompted him to help
poor and unfortunate children to an education. He is one of the largest planters
in his section of the county, and has a fine farm, well stocked and improved.

JOSEPH NEWTON STANFORD was born Oct. 27,1848, in Randolph county, Ga., and was the second son of Thomas and Elizabeth (Phillips) Stanford.
He was reared in Cuthbert, and having determined when young in years upon the newspaper business for his avocation in life, he entered a printing office, where he learned all the details from the case to the editorial chair. He is the present owner and editor of the "Leader," which he founded April 16, 1891. His first work was done on the "Reporter," a journa! owned by Mr. T. Bird, and his next was on the Cuthbert "Appeal." Mr. Stanford was employed there until 1881, when "The Enterprise" was established, and he took charge of that, contin uing on it until the "Liberal Enterprise" was started. About this time he established the "Leader," a weekly newspaper which has secured a good circu lation and enjoys popularity and a liberal patronage. Mr. Stanford is one of the oldest newspaper men in Randolph county, and is well known throughout the state. He married Catharine Dunaway of Stewart county, by whom he has a family of ten children: Clara Elizabeth, James Benton, Gertrude, Annie, Daisy, John T., Shelley, Tisna, Lena, and Harold. Mr. and Mrs. Stanford are members of the Baptist church, and he is prominent in the Knights of Pythias fraternity. They enjoy a pleasant home in the outskirts of Cuthbert

1 W. STANFORD. From a family whose collateral branches extend into
" many states of the south, and whose name is not only historic but renowned
and influential, was born Dr. James W. Stanford of Cuthbert His immediate ancestry were noted, upon both maternal and paternal sides, among the pioneers of southwestern Georgia, for their intelligence, probity, and mental and physical
vigor. This combination of character and constitution, and innate worth, man ifest themselves in the career of members of the present generation. Thomas
Stanford was born in what is now Morgan county, Ga., May 15, 1806, and was
the son of Thomas and Keziah Stanford, early settlers of middle Georgia. The latter lived for many years there, and had born to them a large family of children.
Later in life they removed to Newton county and settled near Yellow river about
ten miles from Covington, where they resided until coming to Randolph county about 1828. They purchased a farm about seven miles from Cuthbert, where the senior Stanford died in August, 1839--well advanced in years. After his death his widow removed to Alabama, where her last days were spent. Mr. Stanford
was very wealthy at one time, but always liberal in charity, and free with the use of his means to help friends in pecuniary distress, he suffered heavy losses while living in Newton county. He was a soldier in the Indian wars during the
years 1835-36, and a man of unflinching integrity, patient and considerate in private as well as in business life; of a sunny nature and a heart filled in sympathy
for his fellow-man. Thomas Stanford was a citizen not only honored but loved
by those who knew him. His domestic life was a model in happiness, and to the family circle came ten children, five boys and five girls--all of whom lived to be men and women grown, but all now deceased. They were Mary, the eldest who married and settled in Habersham county; Edward, settled in- Newton
county; William, settled in Henry county; Martha, married, lived in Alabama; Thomas, Jr.; Nancy, married George Hobbs and settled in Randolph county;

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MEMOIRS OP GEORGIA.

Elizabeth, married a Mr. Elliott and moved to Alabama; David, settled in Texas; John, settled in Arkansas; Keziah. Thomas Stanford, Jr., father of J. W. Stan ford, was but a boy when his parents moved from Morgan to Newton county, where he grew to manhood. On Dec. 24, 1835, he was married to Elizabeth Phillips, a native of Morgan county. She was born April 24, 1819, and was the daughter of James and Mary (Phillips)- Phillips, natives of the Carolinas. A coincident worthy of note in connection with this union of her parents is, that,
though their families were entirely unknown to each other both started from their respective homes in North and South Carolina on the same day, and reached Morgan count}-, Ga., at the same time. Mrs. Stanford when a child moved with her parents to Xewton county, where she was married. Her husband farmed until about two years before his death, when he moved to Cuthbert, where he was employed as a bookkeeper, and served as bailiff of the county. He was a man of fine business capacity, and was a high, noble-minded citizen. He died Feb. 3. 1859, leaving a wife and five children: Martha Ann, who married John R. Scott, of Stewart county, and is now living in Lockesburgh, Ark.; Mary S., single, and living with her mother; John Thaddeus, of Cuthbert; Joseph Newton, editor and proprietor of the ''Leader" of Randolph county; and Dr. James W. Stanford. Mrs. Stanford, mother of the above children, is a devoted member of the Baptist church, having united with that denomination when a girl of fifteen years, and has been a member of the Cuthbert congregation for over half a century. Though beyond three-quarters of a century of years, Mrs. Stanford is hale and hearty, and remarkably well preserved. Dr. J. W. Stanford, the youngest child by the first marriage, was born Nov. 4, 1852, and received the benefit of the public schools in his youthful days. He was but a boy when he entered a printing office in Cuthbert to learn the trade, and continued there until 1873. when he accepted a position in a drug store and began the study of pharmacy, for which he had long had a predilection. In 1876 he commenced
business for himself and now has a flourishing and extensive business and is one of the substantial citizens of Randolph county. His capital when he started in life was a superabundance of will and energy, supported by a fixed deter
mination, which brought its sequence--success. Nov. 12, 1876, he was united in marriage to Sarah Burr, the daughter of Augustus P. and Catharine (Beasley) Burr, of Cuthbert. An interesting family of'eight children followed this union: Tames W., Jr., William B., Edgar, Harry, Leland, Emmett, Frank, and Grover. Dr. Stanford is one of the leading members of the Baptist church, a denomination with which he united when fourteen years old. He is superintendent of the Sunday-school, one of the trustees of Bethel Male college, and also of Mercer university. He is an enthusiast on the subject of education, and has always taken an active lead in the cause of intellectual improvement He has doubtless provided means to more young men who were needy and struggling to acquire learning than any other man in southwest Georgia. He is a royal arch Mason and H. P. of the local chapter, a Knight of Honor, and a member of the American Legion of Honor. He lives with his family in a handsome home in Cuthbert.

JOHN THOMAS STEVENS, planter, Cuthbert, Randolph county, was born in 1845, 'n tn's count}'. He is a grandson of Stephen Stevens, a native of
South Carolina, born near Charleston, who, with his family, consisting of wife,
four sons and two daughters, migrated overland to Georgia in 1826, and settled in Houston county, being among the first settlers of that county. He was a farmer,
a democrat in politics, and a sincere member^ of the Primitive Baptist church, in which faith he triumphantly died. His wife survived him a few years. They raised

RANDOLPH COUNTY SKETCHES.

765

six children: James, who moved to Mississippi just previous to the war; Luke, located in Mississippi; Thomas, who settled in Stewart county, where he died: Julia A., who married a Mr. Edward Smith and settled in Alabama, where she is yet living; Erliffa, who died single, in Georgia, and Burrell. The last named was the youngest child of Stephen Stevens, and was born in South Carolina, Jan. 23, 1814. He grew to manhood in Houston county and received a very good education. He married Sarah Shivers, who was born July 30, 1818, in Houston county. She was the daughter of Jack Shivers, a native of South Carolina, and one of the early settlers of Houston county, who lived to an old age. For a while he resided in Terrell county, but later moved back to Houston county, where he died. He had four children: Eli, Allie, Sarah, and Sadie, all deceased. Burrell Stevens and wife moved to Randolph county and settled on the Chickasawatchee crec-.k, now in Terrell county, where he lived about fourteen years. He then moved to a farm eight miles south of Cuthbert, which place he owned at the time of his death, Aug. 3, 1878, while living in Cuthbert. He was deputy sheriff at the time of his demise, and served as a soldier in Gov. Joe Brown's state militia the latter part of the late war. He was a democrat, a member of the Missionary Baptist church, and a very successful farmer. Sarah Stevens, his wife, died Feb. 21, 1864. She was a member of the Primitive Baptist church. They had nine children, as follows: Celia J-, born Jan. 19, 1840. died Oct. 14, 1841; Stephen, born Feb. 13, 1842, died Oct. 31, 1842; John Thomas, born Aug. 15, 1843; Juu"a Amanda, born Aug. 24, 1845, ad married Alvard Wall, of Randolph county; Erliffa Ann, born March 25,1847, married to James McMichael, died in February, 1894; James M., born Dec. 23, 1843, now living in Lumpkin, Ga.; William W., born March n, 1851, living in Randolph county; Burrell A., born May 6, 1853, and Joseph L., born Sept. 15, 1857, living in Randolph county. Mr. Stevens was married, the second time, to Mrs. Sarah Britt, who died in 1893, in Terrell county. The subject of this sketch was the third child by his first marriage, and lived at home with his parents until 1862, when he enlisted for the war in Company H, Fifty-first 'Georgia regiment, under command of Gen. Sims. He saw a great deal of fighting from the first to the last of the war, and participated in thefollowing battles: Seven Pines, second Manassas, Fredericksburg, Harper's Ferry, Gettysburg, Knoxville, the battle of the Wilderness, and all the fighting around Richmond. He then proceeded to Appomattox, and was there at the surrender. He was taken prisoner in the battle of Gettysburg and sent to Fort Delaware, where he was kept for thirty days and then exchanged. In the battle of the Wilderness he was shot through the foot, and at Chancellorsville a spent ball struck him under the right eye, severely injuring him. At the surrender Mr. Stevens was one of only three of Company H that was left of the company, the others having been killed, wounded or taken prisoner during the war. He re turned to his home, walking over one hundred miles of the way, and commenced farming on the old place. In 1867 he was married to Miss Watson, born in February, 1842, in Stewart county. She was the daughter of Green Watson, a native of Georgia, who settled in Randolph county, where he died. He had a family of nine children, four of whom were sons. Mrs. Stevens was the fifth child, and the only one of the children now living. Mr. and Mrs. Stevens have had born to them two children: Sarah Lenia, wife of Mr. Mack Kenney, who lives on the home place, and Mary May, born Oct. n, 1870, and died Oct. 21,1879. Mrs. McKinney has three children. Mrs. Stevens and her daughter are members of the Baptist church. Mr. Stevens is a stanch democrat in politics. They live on
a fine farm about nine miles south of Cuthbert

MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.
r\A\'IEL R. STEWART. The Stewart family, prominent in the annals of Randolph county history, from the time the count)' was cut out of Lee, is of
Scotch descent, as the name plainly evidences. Daniel Stewart, who came from Scotland with his family about the year 1800, and settled in Buncombe county, North Carolina, was the founder. He served in the war of 1812, in the ranks o! the United States army, and soon after it was over moved with his family to Georgia and settled near Macon. He had four sons and two daughters. He was a good type of the hardy Scotchman, whose blood is well mingled in the veins of Georgia's early residents. He was a whig in politics and a stanch Presbyterian. He died in Marion county, Ga., to which place he had moved, aged eighty-eight years. John Stewart, his son, was a small boy when the family settled in Georgia. He lived near Macon with his parents until manhood, and then located in Marion county, where he married Miss Giles, a native of that county. He was a farmer there for a few years, whence he moved to Sumter county, where he resided until 1854, when he purchased a farm in Randolph county, near what is now Coleman Station. He was a man who enjoyed the respect and confidence of all whom his business and social relations brought him in contact with. He was a good liver and fond of his family. In early life he was a whig, but after the war a democrat, and while taking a prominent part in politics, never aspired to office. His wife died in the summer of 1867, while on a visit in Sumter county. She was born in 1826, and was a good, Christian woman, belonging to the Baptist church. John Stewart, after the death of his wife and the marriage of his children, went to live v,-ith his son, Daniel R. Stewart, where Tie died, in October, 1882, his death result ing from injuries received by being thrown by a mule To this union were born the following children: Mrs. Mary Colline, of Randolph county; William Henry Harrison, died during the late war, of typhoid-pneumonia, in Knoxville, Tenn., being a member of Company G, Fifty-fifth Georgia regiment; Daniel R., the subject of this sketch; John T., of Calhoun county; Noah, of Randolph county; Mrs. Margaret Johnston, and Mrs. Christian Johnston, of Sumter county; A. P., of Randolph county; Naomi, died in childhood. Mr. Daniel R. Stewart, the third child of John Stewart, was born in Marion county, and came with his parents to Randolph county at the age of twelve years. He attended the public schools of Randolph and Sumter counties, and was only sixteen years old when the call was made for volunteers for the war. Youth was no barrier to his enlistment, and he joined the First Georgia state troops, but upon his company being reorganized he became a member of the Fifty-fifth regiment, commanded by Col. C. B. Haskey. The regiment was captured at Cumberland gap in 1863, but, fortunately for Mr. Stewart, he was then confined to the hospital with a case of erysipelas. At the time of the surrender Mr. Stewart had charge of a wagon train at Augusta. After the war he returned to Randolph county, where he purchased a tract of land, which contained about sixty acres in cultivation. This little "garden spot" has been developed into a plantation of about 3,000 acres, which, with mills, gins and stores, represent the efforts of Mr. Stewart for the past thirty years. All this is the result of industry, economy, quick discernment and rare judgment. Mr. Stewart had no help but what his arms brought him, and he can justly feel proud when referred to as a self-made man. He is known as one of the most practical fanners of the county, and has about 1,000 acres under cultivation. In 1890 he commenced the business of general merchandising, his storeroom being located on the home place, and it has extended to very large proportions. Mr. Stewart was married to Nancy O. Pope, a native of Washington county, Ga., but principally reared in Randolph county. She is the daughter of Wiley M. Pope, who was a native of North Carolina, and was an early settler in'Washington county. He was a well

RANDOLPH COUNTY SKETCHES.

767

educated man and a minister of the Missionary church. He died at the age of eighty years, in Randolph county. Mrs. Stewart was educated in Washington county. They have one child, Theodosia E., the wife of Judge J. M. Griggs, of Dawson. The family are members of the Baptist church. Mr. Stewart is one of the leaders of the democratic party in Randolph county. He was elected to the house of representatives in 1891, and for a number of years was a member of the county school board. He is now a member of the jury commission. Mr. Stewart lives in a pleasant home about eleven miles southeast of Cuthbert.

^OLUMBUS TAYLOR, one of the prominent and influential business men of Randolph county, of which he is a native, was born in 1844. His family
came from South Carolina, his grandfather, Francis Taylor, being a native of the same district, that state, and coming to Georgia in the later years of his life, he died in Randolph county, where he had located. His youngest son was William Taylor, who was born in South Carolina, opposite Augusta, in 1816, and married to Matilda Bass, of North Carolina, took up a home in Randolph county, Ga., in the forties. He was the only one of his brothers and sisters to come to Georgia, and all of his life, save a few years spent in Early county, was passed on his farm in Randolph county. He was in the Indian wars of 1835-36, and in the early part of the civil war performed service in the state militia. He was a democrat in politics and a Baptist in his religious faith. He was a Mason high in its degrees, and in business a successful planter. He died in 1870. His wife was born in Sampson county, N. C., in 1822, and is yet living, residing with her daughter, Mrs. Grubbs, in Randolph county. She is a regular attendant of the Baptist church, and is hale and hearty for one of her many years. To this union were born seven children: Columbus, the subject of this sketch; Marion; Thomas B., who died in Calhoun county in 1875, leaving a wife and one child; Mrs. Martha E. Grubbs; Wiley L., Randolph county; Mitchell, and James M., of
Randolph county. Columbus Taylor was educated in the local schools of Ran dolph county, and when eighteen years old joined the Confederate army, enlisting
in Company B., Forty-seventh Georgia regiment, under Col. Williams. He served until the war was ended, and was most of this time in active campaigning. He was in the battles of Jackson, Miss., Resaca, New Hope, and Kennesaw Mountain, Ga., and in scores of skirmishes. When the war was over he returned home and resumed farming. He was married in 1872 to Lucretia H. Pruett, of Calhoun county, where she was born. She is the daughter of Jeffrey W. Pruett, a merchant planter of Calhoun count}-, whose parents were Virginians. Mrs. Taylor is graduate of Bethel Female college of Cuthbert, who, after teaching school eight years continuously in the neighborhood with splendid success and to the entire satisfaction of her patrons, was married to Mr. Taylor, and is the mother of four children: William O., Lillie May, Gertrude and Edgar. Lillie
May was married to Mr. A. K. Martin of Cuthbert. Mr. Taylor is a democrat, and in 1886-87 represented his county in the legislature. He has also been a useful member of the county board of education. In 1884 Mr. Taylor com menced the general merchandise business on the home farm, and in 1888 he moved to Cuthbert, where a year later he opened a store. This was moved back to the old place in 1893. Mr. Taylor conducts his business, which is ten miles out in the country, but his family live in Cuthbert, where the children are being educated. Aug. 6, 1895, he was elected ordinary of Randolph county to fill the unexpired term of M. Gormley, deceased. He was elected as a democrat by a vote of three to one over his populist opponent. Mr. Taylor and wife are members of the Baptist church. His business career has been an honorable one, and his

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MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

reputation among business men is first-class, while socially he enjoys the highest respect and esteem among his fellow citizens.

I F. TRIPPE, planter, Shellman, is a native of Greenc county, Ga. He was born
* in 1839, and is the son of James Madison and Rhoda H. (Rolland) Trippe, of Greene count}-, Ga. J. M. Trippe was born in Hancock county, Jan. 12, 1814, and his wife was born Feb. I, 1818, in Greene county. In the last mentioned
county thej' grew to maturity and were married, and there resided until their son, J. F. Trippe, was nine years of age, when they moved to Muscogee county and lived one year and thence to Stewart county. For seven years they lived twelve miles north of Lumpkin, then moving to Randolph county and settling in the
tenth district, where they resided three years. The father died March 9, 1878. He was a brave soldier in the war and belonged to Company A, Second Georgia cavalry. The mother died Jan. 26, 1878, leaving one child, J. F. Trippe. He spent his boyhood days in Greene, Stewart and Randolph counties, and studied dentistry in Cuthbert under Dr. Hammel of that place, forming a co-partnership in 1859 with that gentleman. He practiced his profession at various points until
the war, when he joined the regiment made up in Randolph county, the Cuthbert Rifles, which afterward became a part of the Fifth Georgia, under Col. M. K. Jackson, of Augusta. In about a year he w-as elected first lieutenant of the Second Georgia cavalry of Cuthbert, and then he finished the war serving under that intrepid officer, Gen. ForresL He was in the battles of Corinth, Miss., at Murfreesboro, Tenn., under Forrest; at Perryville, Ky., under Bragg; Mis sionary Ridge, Resaca, Jonesboro, and Atlanta, Ga. Then he went .to the Carolinas, engaging in skirmishes all along the way, till the surrender of Johnston. At Murfreesboro, Tenn., the escapes Mr. Trippe made were miraculous. He was in the thickest of the fight, and after the battle found where seventeen bullets had been shot through his clothes without him receiving a scratch or a
wound. After the war Mr. Trippe found that dentistry was not in as much demand as products for the stomach, and he turned his attention to farming, which he has since pursued. While home on a furlough Feb. 26, 1863, he married May E. Mayo, a native of Marion county, Ga. She was born July 10, 1842, and is the daughter of Benjamin Mayo, of Marion county. To this union have been born seven children, as follows: James B. Trippe, living at home; William H., living
near the home place; Man' T., deceased wife of John Freeman, of Worth count}" Thomas T., living near the home place: Emma L.. married to the husband of her deceased sister: John Lee, deceased, and Fletcher Milton. Mr. and Mrs. Trippe are members of the Methodist Episcopal church, of which lie is clerk and one of the trustees. In politics Mr. Trippe is a populist, and in the fall of 1893 was nominated by the people's party the day before the election to represent the county in the legislature. The regular nominee. Mr. Newton, was found to be inelligible, and Mr. Trippe at the twelfth hour made a hard fight, proving his popularity in the county. He lives on a large farm near Shellman.

! P. S. TVVITTV. Andrew Female college, of Cuthbert, Ga., in its forty years of existence, has graduated some of the most noted women of the state, and has established a reputation known in every part of the country. It was founded in 1854, and the first president was Rev. John W. Caldwell, a member of the Methodist conference. He was succeeded by Capt. A. H. Flewellen, Dr. A. S. Hamilton, Rev. J. B. McGehee, Rev. H. W. Key and Rev. P. S. Twitty, who is now in charge. The building was destroyed by fire in April, 1892, and was
rebuilt at a cost of $22,000. It contains sixty rooms, all elegantly furnished, and

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possesses all modern equipments. Rev. P. S. Twitty was born in Meriwether
county, Ga., in February, 1842. He was educated in the schools of Americus, Ga., and taught school for several years after the war. He was just reaching manhood when the call for volunteers was heard in 1862, and he joined the
Sumpter Light guards, of Americus, Capt W. L.- Johnson. The company was assigned to the Fourth Georgia regiment, and participated in some very hard
campaigning and desperate battles. While fate spared his life, yet he seemed particularly unfortunate in receiving wounds, and was four times injured during the war. The first was at Malvern Hill, Va.; the second at Antietam, Md.; the third at Washington, D. C, while on Gen. Early's raid through Maryland, and the
last at Winchester, Va. He was captured at Gettysburg, and taken to Point Lookout, Md., where he was a prisoner for eight months. He was exchanged and returned to his command, serving to the conclusion of the war. He attained the position of orderly-sergeant while in service. For awhile after the war he
engaged in merchandising, and then taught school at Smithville. In 1872 he joined the Methodist conference, and until 1890, occupied the pulpit of their church. Part of this time he was presiding elder of the Waycross and Americus districts. In 1890 he was elected to the presidency of Andrew Female college.
Rev. Mr. Twitty descends from one of two brothers who came from the northern part of Ireland to America in the eighteenth century. One brother joined Daniel Boone in the settlement of Kentucky, while the other located in North Carolina.
From the latter springs the Georgia family, Peter Twitty coming to this state in
1800. John W. Twitty, the father of Rev. Mr. Twitty, was an itinerant preacher in the Methodist church and died in Americus in 1852 when he was thirty-three years of age. Mr. Twitty was married to Rebecca Smith of Americus, Ga., and to
them have been born seven children: John, Lucy, Howard, Annie, Russel, Helen and Peter. He is a man of spotless integrity, and is conscious to all the affairs of
life. He is amiable in disposition, courteous, and ever mindful of the feelings of others. Andrew Female college has enjoyed a prosperous career under his administration, and has been advanced in the standing of educational institutions
of the land.
*
J. T. WHALEY, planter and ginner, Shellman, was born where he now lives in 1848: He was the son of Wilkins D. Whaley and Malinda (Lindsey) Whaley, natives of Troup county. They came to Randolph county in 1832 and there lived all their lives. James Adolphus Whaley, grandfather of the subject of this memoir, with his wife came to Randolph county about the same.time and settled the town known as Cleveland, on the line between Terrell and Randolph. He built a great mill on Lunkey creek and was an important personage in the neighborhood. They had eight children, all of whom are deceased. Wilkins Whaley married in Troup county, and was a blacksmith and farmer. He served in the late war and died in July, 1880, aged sixty years. His wife died in 1877, aged fifty-five years. To this union were born nine children that lived to be grown, one of whom is now deceased. They are Mrs. Nancy E. Hart, Mrs. Susan Sappin'gton, Mrs. Fredonia Hart, Armenta Ellen McMillan, James A., W. J. T., Mrs. Texas Anne Arnold, Ardella, deceased, Mrs. Valeria Victoria Bigby. Mr. W. J. T. Whaley attained his majority in the neighborhood in which he now lives, and when fifty-three years old was married to Fannie E. Wall, a native of Marion county. She came to Randolph county with her parents in 1860, and was educated at Brookville, Randolph Co., and Pineville, Marion Co. She was the daughter of Thomas A. and Eliza (Powell) Wall. Mrs. Whaley was an
excellent Christian woman, and her death in September, 1883, was much lamented. She left the following, children: William Wesley, Thomas Wall, Joe Davis,
n-49

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MEMOIRS OF GKORGIA.

Homer Powell, Annie May. Thomas Wall is married and lives in Randolph. Mr. Whaley's second marriage was to Fannie V. T. Stewart, born in Ellerville,
near Americus, Ga. She was the daughter of W. D. Stewart, a native of Georgia, now deceased, and her mother was Martha Ann Stovall, born in this state and still living in Randolph county. Mr. Whaley was about twelve years of age when
his parents moved to Dawson, where Mrs. Whaley was reared and educated. She is the mother of two living children, Birdie, and Robert Roy. Mr. Whaley belongs to the Methodist Episcopal church and is a democrat in politics. He is considered one of the best farmers in the county and owns a magnificent farm, in a high state of cultivation.

RICHMOND COUNTY.
MAJ. JOSEPH V. H. ALLEN, was born in Augusta, Ga., May 22, 1830, and was the youngest child and son of Richard Alien, of that city. Like many
citizens of that city, his early and only training was obtained at the Richmond academy. While he did not enjoy the benefits of a college course he was a man of fine ideas and culture. His purpose in life was to become a business man and to that end he faithfully and successfully strove. His first employment was as clerk with Thomas Richards, bookseller, of that city; his next was as bookkeeper for Warren, Lewis & Co., commission merchants and millers. By his industry, integrity, courtesy and ability he soon succeeded that firm by Lewis & Alien, of which he was a member. The commencement of the war found him in pos session of a paying and promising business. When Company A, Oglethorpe light infantry volunteered, though exempt from military duty he enlisted therein with a commission as first lieutenant At the expiration of twelve months' time of enlistment he returned home and organized an artillery company that became a part of the famous Sixty-third Georgia, when he was promoted to the rank of major. Those who knew him bear testimony to his bravery, to his devotion to the cause, and his untiring attention to his command and men. After the war he was elected secretary and treasurer of the National Express and Transportation company, with Gen. Jos. E. Johnston at its head. Later he organized and was made secretary of the Commercial Insurance company, which charter was amended and under it the Commercial bank was established. He was the senior member of the firm of J. V. H. Alien & Co., composed of himself and Mr. G. Henry Alien, which conducts a general insurance business and represents more companies than any other agency here. Indeed, as an insurance man Maj. Alien had wonderful special information. He was a director of the Commercial bank, Augusta & Knoxville Railroad company, Augusta, Chicago & Elberton Railroad company, and a trustee of the Augusta Free school and the Augusta Orphan asylum. Maj. Alien was a man of fine business qualities, of remarkable genial nature, of marked courtesy and manly bearing. His executive talents were observed by the people and by them pressed into their service; many times a member of the council, always giving satisfaction to his constituency. In 1870-71 he was elected mayor of Augusta: his term was distinguished by'conservatism, ability and faithfulness. Besides suggesting many reforms in the administration of the city he was conspicuous in forming and maintaining to a high efficiency a police force that has not been excelled since or before his administration. In

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his inaugural address in December, 1869, he alluded to the improvement and enlargement of the Augusta canal, the first suggestions put forth on this important
subject April i, 1870, he sent a message to the council, in which he urged the step to be taken and submitted a contract for enlargement Said he: "The Augusta canal contains the germ of the future prosperity and growth of our community
and that by increasing its capacity to the extent now known to be practicable we have within our reach the only means of adding to our personal wealth and population." When this scheme was finally executed, and he chanced to think of the past, he seemed happy in the recollection that during his official connection
he had given this great measure his encouragement He was a member of the national democratic convention that nominated Mr. Tilden, and a member of the state convention that nominated Gov. Colquitt, and at the time of his death was chairman of the county democratic executive committee.

DICHARD ELLIOTT ALLEN, leading underwriter, Augusta, Ga., was born in that city July 21, 1861. He was reared in the city of his birth, receiving
his education at the old Richmond county academy, which seat of learning he left in 1879. For three years thereafter he was engaged as clerk for Garrett & Latimer, cotton factors of Augusta. Upon the death of his father, Joseph V. H. Alien, in 1883, he was taken into partnership in the insurance business of his brother, G. H. Alien, who had assumed charge of the business of his father. G. H. Alien having died in 1885 the business has since been carried on alone by the distinguished gentleman whose name entitles this sketch, though the original firm title of J. V. H. Alien & Co. is still retained. This house represents some of the strongest and stanchest insurance organizations in the world, and it may be said to the credit of the house that every honest claim has been promptly met, since it was founded in 1866. The companies here represented comprise such high-class concerns as the Royal of England, Liverpool and London and Globe of England, Imperial of England, Insurance Company of North America, Phil adelphia, Aetna of Hartford, Conn., National of Hartford, Conn., New York Underwriters' agency, and the Georgia Home Insurance company, of Columbus, Ga. The clientage of this house, while largely local, also comes from the territory in South Carolina and eastern Georgia contiguous to the city of Augusta. Mr. Richard E. Alien, the present sole proprietor, is one of the best known residents of the "electric city." He is identified with a number of useful organizations, and is also a large real estate owner. He is president of the Augusta Real Estate and Building association. The agency he controls has long afforded great con veniences and advantages to the residents of Augusta and vicinity. During the years of 1892, 1893, 1894 and 1895 R. E. Alien was on the board of assessors of Augusta. In masonic circles he is especially prominent, being eminent com mander of Georgia commandery No. i, Knights Templar, and grand junior warden of the grand lodge, Knights Templar, of Georgia. Mr. Alien is also a demitted member of the Knights of Pythias.
P)R. JOSEPH EVE ALLEN, professor of obstetrics and pediatrics of the medical department of the university of Georgia, was born in Augusta in
1857. He was brought up and educated in Augusta and was graduated from the medical department of the state university in 1877, and at once commenced practice. In 1880 Dr. Alien was appointed lecturer on clinical midwifery, and in 1884-5 he was adjunct to the chair of obstetrics, and in 1894 he was appointed to the chair he now holds. He is president of the Augusta Academy of Medicine, and has served some time on the Augusta board of health. He is consulting obstetrician to the city hospital and to the Freedman's hospital of Augusta. Dr.

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MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

Alien is past master of Social lodge No. i, F. and A. M., and is a Knight Templar, being prelate of Georgia commandery, of Augusta. He also belongs to the I. O. O. F. and I. O. R. M. Joseph Eve Alien's maternal grandfather, Dr. Joseph Eve, was a native of South Carolina. He was one of the founders of the Augusta Medical society, and president of the State Medical association. He was, also, for more than fifty years professor of obstetrics in the Augusta Medical college, and honorary fellow of the American Gynecological society, and of the Boston Gynecological society, and of the American Medical association.

J-JON. GEORGE F. BARNES, president of the Augusta Gas-light company, of Augusta, Ga., was born in that city Aug. 14,1833. He was reared in Augusta,
receiving his education at the old Richmond academy, and in 1850, entered the university of Georgia, at Athens, from which institution he was graduated, with the degree of Bachelor of Arts, three years later. Returning to Augusta, he \va& for a time acting correspondent at MUledgeville, the then capital of Georgia for the "Augusta Press." In 1854 he began the study of law under Judge William T. Gould, of Augusta, mastered it, and engaged in the practice in that city. In 1859-60, Mr. Barnes was elected a member of the general assembly of Georgia from Richmond county, and was re-elected for three successive terms thereafter. In April, 1861, he entered the Confederate service as first lieutenant of the Wash ington artillery, an old volunteer company, and served in that capacity one year, taking part in the engagements at Pensacola, Fla., and at Corinth and Shiloh, Miss. During the latter part of the war, Mr. Barnes was captain of artillery, sub sequently being promoted to the rank of major, and served on the coasts of Georgia and South Carolina, participating in the bombardment of Fort Pickens and in the engagement at Savannah. After the close of hostilities, Maj. Barnes returned to Augusta and formed a partnership in the practice of law with Maj. Joseph B. dimming, which partnership was continued for more than eighteen years. Maj. Barnes was a member of the national democratic executive committee in 1876 to 1884, a delegate-at-large to the national democratic conventions of 1868, 1876 and 1880, and was elected a national representative in the forty-ninth, fiftieth and fifty-first congresses (1885-91), and gained much prominence in the latter congress by his able service as a member of the committee on territories. From his entrance into political life, he has demonstrated that he is a successful, common-sense states man, a remarkably practical man, with ardent convictions and an iron will, and he has exerted a strong and healthful force on legislation. Since 1884 he has not devoted his time and talents to the general practice of law, but has appeared occasionally in cases of special moment In private life, Maj. Barnes is a model of rectitude.

WILLIAM H. BARRETT, city recorder of Augusta, Ga., was born in that city Sept 10, 1866. He was raised in Augusta and educated at the old
Richmond academy. In 1881 he went to Bellevue academy, Bedford county, Va., where he took first honors. Then he went to the university of Georgia, and grad uated, in 1885, with first honors and the degree of Bachelor of Philosophy. Then returning to Augusta, he was made principal of the Central Grammar school, of that city, studying law part of the time. On Nov. 10, 1887, he was admitted to the bar, and for one year was in the office with Maj. J. C. C. Black, present con gressman. Since that time he has been alone. In December, 1893, Mr. Barrett was appointed city recorder by the mayor, to fill a vacancy occurring in that office, and in January, 1894, he was elected to fill the unexpired term by the city council Mr. Barrett takes an active part in politics. He belongs to no secret order, and is a member of the Episcopal church.

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COL. THOMAS GLASCOCK BARRETT, stock and bond broker, of Augusta, Ga., was born in that city July 5, 1838. His father, Thomas, was a native of
Augusta, Ga. Prior to the civil war, he was president of the State bank of Augusta, and during that war, president of the City bank of Augusta. He was in the Con federate service, being a member of the "Silver Grays," Georgia reserves, a com pany from the city of Augusta. He died in April, 1865, at the age of fifty-eight years. His father, Thomas, grandfather of Thomas Glascock, was a native of
England, and came to Georgia in early manhood. He established a commission business in the city of Augusta, soon after his arrival, which he successfully
conducted until his death, in 1825. He was married to Miss Strong, a native of Oxford, England, and that union was blessed by the birth of seven children, of whom Thomas, the father of Thomas Glascock, was the third. The maternal great-grandfather of Thomas Glascock Barrett was Thomas Glascock. Both he
and his father, William Glascock, served in the armies of the colonies during the war of the revolution, the former in active service, and the latter in the civil service, for a time. William, the father of Thomas, was the first speaker of the Georgia house of representatives. Thomas Glascock, at the close of the war of the revolution, had reached the rank of brigadier of militia, enlisting as a lieutenant. He was attached to the staff of Pulaski, and bore that general from the field when severely wounded by the British at the battle of Savannah, Ga. Thomas Glascock, maternal grandfather of Thomas Glascock Barrett, commanded a Georgia brigade in the Seminole war, and was a brigadier-general. He also served for several terms in the congress of the United States. Thomas Glascock Barrett was reared in the city of Augusta, Ga., and educated at the private school of Prof. Snowden and Richmond County academy, subsequently attending the Georgia Military college, from which he was graduated in 1858. Entering the wholesale drug business in Augusta, together with his father, Thomas Barrett, and his cousin, John B. Carter, under the firm-name of Barrett, Carter & Co., in 1859, he and his associates were very- successful and continued in that business until the dissolution of the firm, ten years later. In 1869, he entered the wholesale produce and commission business, and carried it on successfully for eleven years. In 1882 Mr. Barrett was elected president of the Bath Paper mills, of Augusta, holding that position four years, and resigned, owning a large amount of the stock of the mills. In 1890 he established the stock and bond brokerage business in which he is now engaged. The war record of Mr. Barrett is a notable one. He entered the Confederate service as a member of the Irish volunteers, a company organized a great many years before
the war, and of which he was elected lieutenant, in 1858. His company was assigned to the Fifth Georgia infantry, being known as Company C. After a service of nine months, he returned to Augusta, in order to organize another company; but just about the time he had completed that task he received a telegram from Gen. Bragg to report for duty as captain of Company C, Seventeenth Alabama infantry, at Corinth, Miss. Two months later he was transferred to Company B, of the same regiment, and was in command until ordered to Mobile, in 1862, where he was attached to the staff of Gen. John K. Jackson, serving on that staff until after the fall of Savannah, Ga., thence being ordered to establish an ordnance depot at Branchville, S. C., where he remained until the fall of Charleston, when he went to Kingstree on the same mission; but remained only a few days, as the army retreated. Under orders from the war department, he was super numerary to the ordnance department until Fayetteville, N. C., was reached, when he relieved Maj. Huger as chief ordnance officer of Hardee's corps, and served in that capacity until the Confederates laid down their arms, at Greensboro, N. C., April 26.1865. Mr. Barrett was an active participant in the battles of Santa Rosa island, Fla., Farmington, Miss., "Dog Trot," Ky., Murfreesboro, Chatta-

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MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

nooga, Chickamauga, and Lookout mountain, Tenn., Dalton, Resaca, Peachtree creek, and Atlanta, Ga., the siege of Savannah, Averysborough and Bentonville, N. C. In 1869 Mr. Barrett was elected a member of the common council of Augusta and served one year. Two years later, he was again elected to the same position, and held it seven consecutive years, serving all the while as chairman of the finance committee, in which capacity he did much toward the building of the magnificent canal that furnishes the power for the numerous factories of Augusta. This canal has no equal in the southern states, and was erected at a cost of $1,000,000. Mr. Barrett is a master Mason and affiliates with the Presbyterian church. He was joined in the holy bonds of wedlock, in February, 1861, to Grace Arlington Ware, a daughter of Dr. Edward R. Ware, Athens, Ga., a native of the state of Georgia; and that union, which has proved an ideally happy one, has been blessed by the birth of five children, viz.: Thomas Barrett, Margaret E., wife of L. A. Dugas, Jr., of Augusta, Edward Ware Barrett, Harry Gould Barrett, Savannah G. Barrett In January, 1893, Grace Arrington (Ware) Barrett departed this life. She was a noble, Christian woman, loved and respected by all who knew her; the idol of her husband and the confidant and comforter of her children.
DETER GROVE BURUM, merchant and financier, president of the Commercial bank, and ex-president of the Cotton exchange, of Augusta, Ga., was born in
Blount county, near the city of Knoxville, Tenn., June 13, 1839. He is of German descent, his ancestors coming from the town of Bierum, Holland, to Long Island, N. Y., in 1636. His great-grandfather, Simon Boerum, was a member of the first continental congress. His grandfather, Henry Burum, a gallant revolutionary soldier, moved to Virginia in 1783, and to the county of Hawkins, Tennessee, in 1784, buying one of the finest plantations in that county, which farm still remains in the possession of the family. His father was Henry Burum, and his mother Miss Nancy, daughter of Burrell Baggett, the wealthiest citizen of Knox Co., Tenn. His education was academic, such as was afforded by the community in which he lived. At the age of fifteen he left school and served as clerk at a small store in east Tennessee for one year, thence coming to Augusta, Ga., as the representative of a Knoxville and Augusta shipping and produce concern. Soon after coming to Augusta he engaged as clerk for Jesse Turpin, wholesale crockery. In May, 1861, he enlisted as a private in the Fifth Georgia regiment, and served in that command until captured at Bentonville, N. C. He was an active participant in the battles of Cumberland gap, Santa Rosa island, Black Land, Miss.; Murfreesboro, Lookout mountain, Chickamauga, and the retreat to Atlanta. Later he was assigned to duty in Florida, in Charleston, S. C., and at Florence, Ala., being engaged at those places in several minor skirmishes. After the close of hostilities he returned to his home in Knox county, but not being allowed to remain, came immediately to Augusta, with but two and a half dollars in his pocket, which was paid out on his arrival at that city for a night's lodging. Learning of his destitu tion, his old brigadier-general, J. K. Jackson, kindly allowed him the use of his bed and board until he secured a position as purser on the "Christopher," plying between Augusta and Savannah, which boat was burned on the second trip. After being in water twelve hours, with no clothing save his under apparel, he was finally picked up and brought back to Augusta. Securing the position of purser soon thereafter on the "R. H. May," this boat, also, burned on the second trip out, and again he was fortunate enough to be rescued and returned to Augusta. Then he began to act as salesman for J. A. Amsley, tobacco manufacturer, one year later entering the employ of the Granite flour mill, of Augusta, for one year. In 1870 he formed a partnership with Josiah Miller in the grocery business, clearing about $7,000 on a joint capital of less than $5,000. Then the; firm of Miller, Bissell

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& Burum was formed, which firm was eminently successful, making profits to the amount of about $40,000 in the one year of its existence. Continuing alone for several years in the grocery business, Mr. Burum then formed a partnership with B. O. Miller, which was continued until 1894, when the son of the senior partner, Mr. H. P. Burum, was associated in the business, under the style of Burum, Miller & Co. Mr. Peter G. Burum is one of the solid commercial pillars of the citv of Augusta, and is of great modesty and the highest commercial qualities. He is
ex-president of the Augusta Steamboat company, president of the Diamond Blue Granite company, ex-president of the Augusta Cotton exchange, and vicepresident of the Augusta Ice company; also president of the Commercial bank,
and warden of the (Episcopal) church of the Atonement. In commercial circles the name of Peter G. Burum is a synonym for integrity, fair dealing, promptness,
energy and business capacity, and he is undoubtedly a most notable example of the class of men who are infusing new life into the "Electric city," and are upbuilding the new south. Mr. Burum was happily married, in 1866, to Miss Ellen, daughter of the late P. D. Boutet, of Augusta, and that union has been blessed by the birth of a son, Henry P., now in business with his father in Augusta, as before men tioned.

MICHAEL PHILIP CARROLL, ESQ., one of the most prominent attorneys of Augusta, Ga., was born in St. Mary's county, Md., March 2, 1841, and is
the only child born to Henry and Lucretia L. (Briscoe) Carroll. Henry J. Carroll was born March 2, 1818, and was the son of Michael B. Carroll, who was captain in the United States navy, and resigned from the navy in 1817. He was a member
of the Catholic church and died in 1824. He served at New Orleans, under Com modore David Porter, and was the executive officer under Commodore Decatur during the war with Tripoli. The father of Michael B. Carroll was David, the son of Charles. The Carroll family is prominently identified with the early history
of the United States, and particularly with the history of the state of Maryland. Lucretia L. (Briscoe) Carroll was born in 1820, in St. Mary's county, Md., and
was a daughter of Philip Briscoe, a noted teacher of Maryland, and the president for many years of Charlotte Hall academy, one of the oldest schools in the state. His sons are still connected with that institution. Dr. John H. Briscoe, the father of Philip Briscoe was a nephew of John Hanson, the first president of the conti
nental congress of the American colonies. Michael P. Carroll was reared and
resided in the county of his birth until his fourteenth year, at that time becoming a student at that venerable and renowned Catholic institution, Georgetown college,
in the District of Columbia. Later he entered Mount St. Mary's college, at Emmettsburg, Md., graduating from that institution in 1859. Immediately after his graduation he began the study of the law under the tutorage of William Meade Addison, of Baltimore, who was then United States district attorney for Maryland, and Mr. Carroll was admitted to the bar in that city during the month of April,
1861. During the following month he went to Richmond, Va., and enlisted as a private in Company B of the Twenty-first Virginia infantry. He served as a
private until January, 1863, when he was placed on the staff of Gen. John Gregg, of Texas, remaining on that staff until after the battle of Chickamauga, Tenn.,
in which battle he was severely wounded in the lower part of the right leg. On
recovering from his wound, Mr. Carroll was assigned to the staff of Gen. A. R. Wright, of Georgia, and served in that capacity until the close of hostilities. As a soldier Mr. Carroll was brave and fearless, and demonstrated his courage in the hard-fought battles of Kernstown, Front Royal, Winchester, Turner's farm, Cross
Keys, McDowell, seven days' around Richmond, Cedar mountain, second Man-

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assas, Harper's Ferry, Antietam, Port Hudson, La.; Raymond, Miss.; Mississippi Springs, Jackson, Chickamauga, and Savannah, participating also in many minor skirmishes. When peace was declared and the Confederate soldiers returned to their homes, Mr. Carroll located in Burke county, Ga., and from 1866 to 1872 was
engaged in agricultural pursuits. In 1871 he was admitted to practice in the superior courts of Georgia, removing to the city of Augusta the next year, and has ever since been actively and successfully engaged there in the practice of his profession. Among the members of the bar of Augusta Mr. Carroll sustains a most desirable rank; as a lawyer he is noted for his conciseness of expression and
the profundity of his research, and is also a thorough master of the principle of precedent. Socially, he is an ever-welcome guest in any assemblage of the wit and wisdom of Augusta, and in the pantheon of her genius the statue of the gentleman whose name entitles this sketch will stand on a pedestal not less high than those erected for his compeers. On July 19, 1864, Mr. Carroll was happily married, in Augusta, Ga., to Miss Jennie McNatt, a native of Burke county, Ga.,
and a daughter of A. and Emiline (Hart) McNatt. This union has been blessed by the birth of ten children, of whom two sons and four daughters survive, viz.: Emma Hart, William B., Jennie, Eleanor, Robert, and Helen. Mr. Carroll is an honored member of the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks, and has occupied the chair of exalted ruler of his lodge. Both he and his estimable wife are con sistent members of the Catholic church.

M ARSDEN ASBURY CLECKLEY, M. D. The most useful, the most worthy men are not always those who shine with the greatest brilliancy before the
world, and astonish the senses with wonderful exploits. The life of a professional
man aflfords but few incidents to excite the interest or attract attention, but it is none the less worthy of record. The subject of this sketch, as one of the most suc
cessful homeopathic physicians of Georgia, is justly entitled to a place in a work designed to perpetuate the memory of those who have achieved distinction. Dr. Cleckley was born Sept 6, 1832, near Orangeburg, S. C., the son of John L. and Margaret (Treutlen) Cleckley, both natives of South Carolina. His paternal
grandfather was a native of Germany and served as a soldier in the army of the colonies during the war of the revolution, achieving fame and distinction by cap turing the notorious tory, Wolf. The maternal great-grandfather was John Treutlen, the first governor of Georgia under the new constitution,. who, during the troublous period when South Carolina tried to usurp authority over her younger sister state, thus unifying the two, battled bravely for her integrity, and preserved her autonomy. He was afterward inhumanly murdered by the tories in South Carolina, thus becoming a noble martyr to the cause of right.

"The sweet remembrance of the Just, true and brave,

Like a green root, revives and beats

A train of blessings for their heirs,

:

When dying nature sleeps in dust."

At the age of eight years Dr. Cleckley removed with his parents from South Carolina to Enon, Ala., receiving his education at that place. Thence he removed to Columbus, Ga., and began the study of medicine; in 1853, entering the Home
opathic college. Philadelphia, Pa., from which institution he was graduated three years later. Immediately after his graduation he entered actively upon the practice of his profession at Columbus, Ga., in 1857, removing to Nashville, Tenn., and coming to Augusta in September of the following year. In Augusta, Dr. Cleck
ley is ranked among the most successful members of the medical profession, and

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has accumulated quite a large share of this world's goods. During the war between
the states he was appointed surgeon, in charge of the local troops of Augusta, and of those at the arsenal near that city, and he served in that capacity throughout the war. After the close of hostilities he resumed the practice of his profession in Augusta, and has continued uninterruptedly and successfully in the practice at that place up to the present time. In January, 1895, there was organized in the city of Atlanta the homeopathic board of medical examiners, of which he was appointed by the governor a member, the honor of president being conferred upon him by its members. On Sept. 22, 1864, he was married to Catharine Campbell, daughter of the late George and Margaret Cunningham Schley. Their lives were blessed by the birth of four children, two of whom survive, viz.: Mary Montford and Marsden Treutlen. Dr. Cleckley is a man of sterling worth, a true Christian gentleman, whose soul is the mirror of truthfulness and honor. He is a member of the Methodist Episcopal church, south, and is held in the highest esteem by all who know him.

Q HENRY COHEN, solicitor-general of the Augusta circuit, Georgia judiciary, " was born in Charleston, S. C., in 1856. When a mere child his parents re
moved to Augusta, Ga., and his education was received at the Richmond County academy, located in Augusta, and at that venerable and renowned Catholic insti tution, Georgetown college, in the District of Columbia, receiving his diploma as a graduate from the literary- department of the latter college in 1877. Returning
to Augusta, he entered the law office of Barnes & Gumming, and was admitted to practice in the superior courts of Georgia in 1877. Mr. Cohen at once entered actively and successfully upon the practice of his profession, and so rapid was his rise at the bar that he was appointed solicitor-general by Gov. Henry D. McDaniel, and reappointed during the administration of Gov. William J. Northen. Mr. Cohen is very prominent in several fraternal, benevolent and protective orders, and
is district deputy grand chancellor of the Knights of Pythias. He was happily joined in the holy bonds of matrimony, in 1882, to Miss Nora V., daughter of the late Col. J. R. Sneed, a very prominent citizen of Savannah, Ga., and this union has
proved an ideally happy one.

P)R. THOMAS D. COLEMAN, a prominent physician of Augusta, Ga., was
born in that city in January, 1865. He was reared and received his primary education there, and in 1881, he entered the Kentucky university, at Lexington, and graduated there in June, 1885, with the degree of A. B. Dr. Coleman then studied medicine a year with his father, Dr. John S. Coleman, in Augusta, Ga., and then went to Johns Hopkins university, Baltimore, where he took a post-graduate course. He was made assistant physiologist in that university for a year, and then went to the university of the city of New York, where he remained two years, being made assistant physiologist the second year in that institution. In 1890 Dr. Coleman came to Augusta and commenced practice. In March, 1893, he was made professor of physiology, to which, in 1894, pathology was added, in the medical college of Georgia, at Augusta. Dr. Coleman belongs to the State Medi cal association, the American Climatological association, the association of Ameri can physicians and surgeons, the Augusta academy of medicine, and is a member of the Augusta board of health. He is a consistent member of the Christian church. Dr. Coleman was married in June, 1890, to Miss Annie Lee Adams, of
Lexington, Ky.

JOSEPH BRYAN GUMMING, one of the leading lawyers of Georgia, was born in the city of Augusta, that state, on the second day of February, 1836. Here,
and in the suburb of Summerville, where his grandfather, Mr. Thomas dimming.

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and his father, Mr. Henry H. Gumming, always spent the summer season, and where the distinguished subject of this sketch now resides, he went to school in boyhood. At the age of eighteen he was graduated from the university of Georgia, Athens, sharing the first honor with two of his classmates, Gustavus Adolphus Bull and John Harvey Hull. Upon leaving the university, he made a tour of the con tinent of Europe, which lasted three years, spending most of his time in Paris. Upon his return home, he attended the law school of Harvard university, Cam bridge, Mass., for one year. In 1859, he was admitted to the bar, at the superior court of Columbia county. Early in 1861, he entered the service of the Southern Confederacy as a private in the Clinch Rifles, which was Company A, of the Fifth Georgia regiment, commanded by Col. John K. Jackson, and which was first stationed at Pensacola, Fla. In September, 1861, he was made lieutenant in Com pany I, from Columbus; in January, 1862, he was promoted to the captaincy, and served in that rank as assistant adjutant-general in Jackson's brigade, at the battle of Shiloh, in the Kentucky campaign, and at the battle of Murfreesboro. In the latter battle, he had his horse shot from under him, and suffered a slight wound at the battle of Shiloh. After the battle of Murfreesboro, he was ordered to report to Gen. William H. T. Walker, and being subsequently promoted to rank of major, he served in the adjutant-general's department of Walker's command. He was in the Johnston-Sherman campaign from Dalton to Atlanta, in 1864, and took part in the battle of July 22. Maj. Gumming was in every battle of that army from Shiloh until the surrender, excepting those only of Missionary ridge and Jonesborough ; and among all the heroes who fought on these sanguinary fields, none has ever received from comrades in arms or superior officers higher meed of praise for gallantry than Maj. Joseph B. Gumming. After the lamented death of Gen. Walker, in that memorable battle of July 22, Maj. Gumming was ordered to report to Gen. Hardee, on whose staff he served until ordered to report to Gen. Hood, who was then commanding the army of Tennessee. He was with Hood in the Tennessee campaign, and was on his staff at the battles of Franklin and Nashville. Upon the removal of Hood and re-appointment of Gen. Johnston to the command of the army of Tennessee, Maj. Gumming was placed on Johnston's staff. Upon the re-organization of the army, in 1865, just before the surrender, he was appointed colonel of a regiment made up of Stephens' brigade; but the army being on the eve of surrender, he did not take command, but re mained with Johnston until the disbanding of the army at Greensboro, N. C. After his return home, Maj. Gumming devoted himself to the practice of his pro fession, which he has sedulously pursued to the present time. He is ranked among the ablest members of the Georgia bar, both in his knowledge of the principles of law, in his familiarity with the code of practice, and as a pleader before the bench or jury. In the midst of his large practice, however, he has found time to devote a portion of his time and talents to the public service and has held many positions of responsibility and honor. In 1868 he was made an elector on the Seymour and Blair ticket. In 1870, Maj. Gumming was elected from Richmond county to the Georgia house of representatives, in the organization of which body he was a candidate for speaker, being defeated by Hon. James M. Smith, of Muscogee count}', by but eleven votes. Upon Mr. Smith's accession to the gubernatorial chair, Maj. Gumming succeeded him as speaker of the house, which position he held during the winter and summer sessions of 1872. He was not a candidate again for political office until his nomination and election to the state senate in 1877. Though not a member of any church, Maj. Gumming affiliates with the Episcopalian. He was happily married in October, 1860, to Miss Hubbell, a native of Bridgeport. Conn., and a resident of New York city, a union that was blessed with the birth of two children, viz.: Bryan, a distinguished lawyer of the city of Augusta. Ga..

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and Jane, wife of James P. Verdery, a very prominent citizen of Augusta. Maj.
Cumming's intimate acquaintance with literature, combined with his culture and grace of manner, makes his society much sought by the intellectual and refined. He is an effective public speaker, possessing an agreeable and finished style of oratory. His is one of those well-balanced minds which are never thrown from their poise by emergencies of danger and excitement, and his regular intellectual features, will impress an observer as reflecting reliable qualities of head and heart.

HON. JOHN SHELDON DAVIDSON, deceased, was a typical Georgian. Born in Augusta, Ga., and contravening the maxim that, "A prophet is not with
out honor, save in his own country," he never lived anywhere else, but grew up and made his way in the world among the people of the city of his birth, who now delight to do honor to his memory, in appreciation of his efforts in their behalf. His mother was a Treat--a lineal descendant of Robert Treat, the "Charter Oak" gov ernor of Connecticut, who was lieutenant-governor and governor of that state for twenty-five years, and of Robert Treat Paine, one of the signers of the Declaration of Independence, and long attorney-general of Massachusetts. His father, Wil liam Dean Davidson, was a native of Newark, N. J. The education of John S. Davidson was obtained at the schools of Augusta and at the Aubury institute, in Twiggs county, Ga. He left school in the latter part of 1864, and some years after the war was associated with James R. Randall, author of Maryland, My Maryland, in the editorial department of the old "Augusta Constitutionalist." After that he studied law, mastered it, and' was engaged in that profession, in which he achieved notable success, at the day of his death. In 1884 Mr. Davidson was elected from the floor grand master of the Masons of Georgia, one of the largest and most intel ligent deliberative bodies of the state. Such an election, he never having held any other office in the grand lodge, had only occurred once prior to that time (United States Senator W. C. Dawson being elected in the same way) in the 150 years of the existence of the grand lodge. In 1884 he was unanimously elected to the state senate, and served as chairman of the finance committee of that body. His committee never lost a report during the session, something which has rarely if ever occurred before in the history of the Georgia legislature. In 1886 he was re-elected to the senate by a large majority, and was unanimously chosen president of that body, and was admittedly one of the finest presiding officers who had ever wielded the gavel in Georgia's legislative halls. He was president of the board of education of Richmond county, and city attorney of the city of Augusta. He never married, and departed this life March u, 1894, his funeral being conducted according to the ancient rites of the masonic fraternity, and many prominent mem bers of that order from every section of Georgia and other states participating in the solemn duty. The funeral services were in charge of the grand lodge, and no such concourse of people had been seen at a funeral in Augusta. The many pub lic bodies of which he was a member attended, and over 4,000 children from the public schools joined the sorrowing throng.
\K7ILLIAM TREAT DAVIDSON, a prominent attorney of Augusta, Ga., was born in Rome, Floyd Co., Ga., Sept. 26, 1848. Paternally he is descended
from William Dean Davidson, a native of Newark, N. J., who came south and set tled in the city of Augusta, Ga., about 1840, dying in that city in 1877. His mother was a Treat--a lineal descendant of Robert Treat, the "Charter Oak" gov ernor of Connecticut, who was governor and lieutenant-governor of that state for twenty-five years. The father was a merchant throughout his long, active and honorable life. The son, whosei name heads this sketch, removed from Rome with his parents to the city of Augusta when an infant six months of age, and received

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his education in the city schools of Augusta. At the age of nineteen he entered
his father's store as bookkeeper and manager, serving in that capacity for two years. In the meantime he had studied law at night, frequently reading from the time he dosed the store until midnight. His father rather opposed his entering
the legal profession, because one member of the family was already an attorney.
He was admitted to the bar at the spring term of Richmond superior court, Feb. 8,1870, after a most rigid examination. He received from the judge presiding and the committee of examination many congratulations for the prompt manner in
which every question was answered. During the time he was connected with the
mercantile business of his father he had laid by enough money to support himself during the first year of his practice at the bar. In the fall of 1873 he formed a
co-partnership in the practice of the law with his brother, John S. Davidson, and
that co-partnership existed at the time of the death of the latter, on March 11,1894. Since the death of his brother Mr. Davidson has continued uninterruptedly in the practice of his chosen profession, in which he has achieved notable success. In
April, 1894, Mr. Davidson was elected city attorney of Augusta, to succeed his
brother, deceased, and retains that position at the present time. Mr. Davidson saw
service during the civil war as a member of Maj. George T. Jackson's brigade, Georgia state troops, serving as a private until the close of hostilities. He was
an active participant in the battles of Jonesboro, Griswoldyille, Grahamsville, S. C., and the siege of Savannah. Mr. Davidson is a consistent member of the Episcopal church, and is a vestryman of St Paul's, Augusta. He was married
Oct. 14, 1885, to Miss Caroline W., daughter of Judge Sidney A. Wetmore, of Warren, Penn. Mr. Davidson is an honored member of the masonic fraternity, of which his late lamented brother, John S., was grand master of the state of Georgia, and has been worthy master of Webb lodge, No. 166, of Augusta. He is, also, a prominent Knight Templar, being senior warden of Georgia commandery, Augusta. Mr. Davidson has never sought political preferment of any kind, pre
ferring to devote his entire time to the arduous duties of his chosen profession.

A UGUST DORR, deceased. The late August Dorr, of Augusta, Ga., was one of the few men who have a clear title, according to our human estimate, of
being called blameless. In every relation of life he was a model. If he had
faults, as all of us have, they were eclipsed by his conspicuous virtues. He never wronged anyone, nor did he ever speak unkindly of anyone. He devoutly fol
lowed the precepts of his church, and supernatural grace shone in all of his actions. He carried his genuine piety into his business, his duties as a citizen, and his domestic relations. A blessing fell upon his whole existence. His worldly affairs prospered, and his home was such a one as every Christian husband and father would desire as a supreme benediction. August Dorr, grandson of Revier-
forster P. Victor Eisen, resident of Aschaffenburg, Bavaria, and grandson of Postmaster John, and a son of Postmaster Adam Dorr, was born in the village of Dieburg, Hessen-Darmstadt, Germany, July 9, 1831. From the age of six to fourteen he attended the local schools, and was then apprenticed to learn the tailoring trade, his mother paying his employer 150 guilders (about $60) for the training he received. At the age of seventeen he had so far mastered the tailoring
trade as to become his own man. He passed through the revolution of 1848, was conscripted in 1850, and, according to the state law, was given the privilege of emigrating. His mother purchased for him a ticket to New York. A man uscript in the possession of the writer, written some time before the death of Mr. Dorr, describes his journey to America in detail. This manuscript says: "I left home in June. After stopping some time in Frankfort-on-the-Main, Co-
blentz, Colon, and Rotterdam, I crossed the North sea and landed at Hull, Eng-

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land. I then crossed England, boarded a ship at Liverpool and, after a long and
tiresome voyage, arrived at the beautiful harbor of New York, on the morning of Aug. 12, 1850." Arriving at New York, Mr. Dorr secured work at his trade. A year later he came to Augusta, where he remained two months, and then
returned to New York. Having been much impressed, however, by the thrift and enterprise of the city of Augusta, he returned there in September, 1852, and secured employment at the tailoring establishment of John Bridges, who in later
years was made manager of the Jackson street store of Mr. Dorr. When the war between the states began he saw active service as a private in the Georgia reserves, and was very frequently detached as escort with prisoners of war. It is said of him that he never shirked a duty and was a most gallant soldier. After
the close of hostilities Mr. Dorr in 1867 established the business in which he was engaged at the time of his death. He was enterprising, and from an humble beginning built up the best known clothing and haberdashery establishment in the southeastern section of the southern states. He associated with him, from time to time, his three sons, Frank, Victor J., and Lawrence, and they were
practically brought up to the business. In 1857 August Dorr was happily married to Miss Catherine Magill, of Augusta; a union which was blessed by the birth
of nine children, of whom three sons died in infancy. Those living are: Frank X., Victor J., and Lawrence, who have succeeded to the business of their father; Mrs. Edward Home, of Macon, Ga.; and Misses Catherine and Madge Dorr,
of Augusta. Mr. Dorr was a member of the Roman Catholic church. He
departed this life at his home in the city of Augusta, on July 25, 1893, the funeral ceremonies being conducted by Bishop Becker, of Savannah, Ga.

JOSHUA J. DOUGHTY, a prominent cotton merchant of Augusta, was born ^ in Belair, Richmond Co., Ga., July 21, 1841. He was reared in the county of
Iris birth and educated at Richmond academy, leaving that seat of learning in September, 1861, to enlist for six months in the Oglethorpe infantry, which com pany was assigned to the Forty-eighth Georgia regiment At the end of his term of enlistment he returned home and joined an infantry company, raised in Augusta by CapL S. H. Crump, and attached to the Twelfth Georgia battalion, of which he
was chosen first lieutenant The virtual command of this company was in the hands of Lieut Doughty for a great part of the time, and he commanded the
battalion at the battle of Monocacy, July 12, 1864. Lieut Doughty was also actively engaged in the battles of Cheat mountain, Fort Clift, siege of Savannah, battery Wagner, Fort Sumter, second Cold Harbor, the raid on Washington, Harper's ferry, Jackson's raid to the Ohio river, and Monocacy. While in com mand of the Twelfth Georgia battalion at the battle of Monocacy he was twice wounded by shot, once in the mouth and once in the shoulder, and from that date went out of the service. So severe were his wounds, he was conveyed to
the home of J. W. Burch, about eight miles from the city of Washington, D. C, where he remained about thirty days, and was then confined in the old Capitol prison for about three months, thence being carried to Fort Delaware prison, where he was regularly exchanged about three months later and returned to his
home. Joshua J. Doughty engaged in the cotton business in Augusta in 1867, and has given his attention to that business exclusively ever since. In 1878 he was married to Miss Alwin L. Alien, who died, leaving as the fruit of that union a son and two daughters. His second marriage was to Miss Terreece L. Anderson, a granddaughter of W. J. Owens, of Augusta, Ga., but she died without issue.
Mr. Doughty's .present wife was Mary Rosine Nixon, a daughter of J. W. Nixon,
of the United States navy.

MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.
P)R. WILLIAM H. DOUGHTY, JR., professor of anatomy and dinical sur gery of the medical department of the university of Georgia, was born in
Augusta, Ga., in 1856. He was reared and received his academical education in his native city, and graduated from the literary department of the university of Georgia with the degree of A. B., in the class of 1875. Immediately after his gradu ation he began the study of medicine at the State Medical college at Augusta, receiving his diploma in that department of the university of Georgia in 1878. He then went to New York city and attended lectures at the College of Physicians and Surgeons, also attending various private lecture courses, after which he ventured to Augusta and at once entered actively upon the practice of his profession. In 1881 Dr. Doughty was made clinical assistant in the medical department of the university of Georgia; in 1886, demonstrator of anatomy and lecturer on diseases of the nervous system; in 1887, professor of obstetrics, to fill a vacancy caused by the death of Dr. Joseph A. Eve; in 1888, professor of materia medica and therapeutics; in 1893-4, general and surgical pathology; and at the close of the session of 1894 he was placed in the chair he now holds. Dr. Doughty is an honored member of the Georgia State Medical association and of the Augusta Academy of Medicine. He has a very large clientele, embracing the positions of surgeon in charge of the Freedman's hospital of Augusta; surgeon to the Oglethorpe light infantry; local surgeon to the Central railroad of Georgia, the Port Royal & Augusta railroad, the Port Royal & Western Carolina railroad, and the Augusta Electric Street Railroad company; also medical examiner at Augusta for the New York Life, the Equitable, the Manhattan, Mutual Benefit of New Jersey, the Kentucky Mutual, the Hartford Life and Annuity, and the Chicago Guarantee Fund, life insurance companies. Dr. Doughty rendered much valu able public service as chairman of the building committee of the Augusta' city hospital, completed in 1894. He is a consistent member of the Methodist Episco pal church south, is worshipful master of Webb lodge No. 166, F. and A. M., and is a Knight Templar. He was married in 1883 to Miss Eleanor, daughter of the late Roger Gamble, of Augusta, Ga., and this union has been blessed by the birth of a lovely daughter.
\JM ILLIAM M. DUNBAR, postmaster of Augusta, Ga., was born in Barnwell district, S. C., April 6,1846. His ancestors on both sides were soldiers in the
armies of the colonies during the war of the revolution, and ancestors of both his paternal and maternal antecedents were colonial captains. Alien R. Dunbar, father of the gentleman whose name heads this sketch, was a native of South Carolina. He had five sons and a son-in-law in the Confederate armies during the war between the states. William M. Dunbar was reared and educated in the common schools of his native district In January, 1863, he went to Augusta, Ga., to attend school, and the following May he enlisted as a private in Company A of Maj. George T. Jackson's battalion, and served until November, 1864, when lie lost his right arm at the battle of Griswoldville, Ga., and returned from the service. After his recovery Mr. Dunbar attended school at Athens, Ga., six months, and then commenced to clerk in Augusta, for Winchester Graham, stock and bond brokerage, remaining two years. In November, 1866, he was married to Miss Rebecca C., daughter of the late Thomas Hopkins, of Augusta, Ga., and went to his old home in Barnwell district, S. C, and planted two years. Returning to Augusta, Mr. Dunbar became engaged as purser of a steamboat running be tween Augusta and Savannah, retaining that position two years. He then worked a year for R. H. May & Co., of Augusta, and in 1872 he was elected treasurer of Richmond county, Ga., in which capacity he served ten years, when he resigned.

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In 1874 Mr. Dunbar engaged in the grain and commission business in Augusta, and retains an interest in that business at the present time. From 1885 to 1889 Mr. Dunbar served as city recorder o! Augusta, and then resigned. In April, 1893, he was appointed by President Cleveland postmaster of Augusta, which po sition he now holds. Mr. Dunbar is a member of' the I. O. O. F. and of the St. John's M. E. Church south, of which he is a steward and trustee. Of his marriage to Miss Rebecca Hopkins, aforementioned, there have been born eight children, four of whom are now living, three boys and one girl.

ILLIAM F. EVE, judge of the city court of Augusta, Ga., was born in that city, March 8, 1851. His father was Joseph A, one of the founders of the
medical department of the university of Georgia. William F. Eve received his earlier education in the city of Augusta. In 1869 he became a student at the university of Virginia, where he was engaged for two years in the study of literature and one year in the study of law. Returning to Augusta, he was admitted to the bar in 1872, and engaged actively in the practice of his profession. In 1875 he was made solicitor of the Richmond county court, and on Oct. 15, 1878, was appointed judge of the same court. On the abolition of the Richmond county court, in 1881, and the creation of the city court of Augusta, he was appointed judge of the latter court, which office he has held continuously ever since. Since 1878 Judge Eve has been ex-officio commissioner of roads and revenues for the
county of Richmond, a most responsible position, which he has creditably filled. Under his administration the roads of Richmond county have become famous as splendid highways. Judge Eve is also identified with several extensive business enterprises of Augusta, being vice-president of the Augusta Real Estate and Improvement company, and a member of the board of directors of the Mutual Real Estate and Building association, of the Augusta and Summerville Land company, and the West Side Development company. He is also a director of the Young Men's Library association, and chairman of the board of trustees of St. John's Methodist Episcopal church south, and chairman of the Campground as sociation. Since 1889 Judge Eve was president of the Richmond County Agricul tural society, holding that office until 1894. The Richmond county court house was enlarged and beautified under the administration of Judge Eve. This building ranks among the most impressive public edifices of Georgia. Judge Eve was happily married, on May 16, 1876, to Ida Evans, eldest daughter of Gen. Clement A. Evans, of Georgia. Their marriage has been blessed by the birth of several children, four of whom are now living, viz. : Allie Walton, Sarah Garland, William
Frederick, and Ida Evans.

ILLIAM H. FLEMING, a rising lawyer of Augusta, Ga., was born in that city Oct 18, 1856, and is a son of Porter and Catherine B. (Moragne) Flem
ing. Porter Fleming was born in Lincoln county, Ga., Aug. 29, 1808, was a son of Robert Fleming, a native of Virginia, and of Scotch-Irish extraction. Porter
Fleming settled in Augusta in 1830, where he was engaged in merchandising and dealing in cotton until his death, in 1891. His wife, Mrs. Catherine B. Flem ing, is a native of Abbeville county, S. C, and is of French Huguenot origin. William H. Fleming is the third of a family of eight children born to his parents,
viz.: John M., Frank E., William H., Catherine L., Minnie C., Lamar L., I.
Moragne, and Porter, Jr. He has a fine education, having first attended the Summerville academy, on Sand Hill, and next the Richmond academy, at Augusta.
He then went to Athens, where he attended the university of Georgia, from which institution he was graduated in 1875. While in the junior class of this institution

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he took the medal for the best essay--competition being open to all students --and was elected anniversarian of the Phi Kappa society. In 1875 he also delivered the commencement address, and after graduating remained at the university one year as tutor. He was one among others that the great Alexander H. Stephens assisted financially to an education, but the funds advanced have long since been returned by Mr. Fleming, with interest In January, 1877, Mr. Fleming was elected superintendent of public schools at Augusta, which position he held three and one-half years, when he resigned and prosecuted the study of law under John T. Shewmake. In November, 1880, he was admitted to the bar, entered upon practice, and at once became a leader of his profession. In 1883 he delivered the address at the centennial celebration of Richmond academy, and in 1885 he made the oration at Augusta on the Confederate memorial day, which was specially noticed and eulogized by many leading papers for its sound views and patriotic sentiments. He was also president of the Hayne Literary society two years, resigning in 1886. He was for many years one of the trustees of the Young Men's Library association, and is now president of the board of trustees of the medical college of Georgia, Augusta. He is also president of the ThomsonHouston Electric Light company, of Augusta. He was elected to the "general assembly in 1888-89, and has been successively re-elected ever since. In 1892-93 he was made chairman of finance committee of the house of representatives, and is the author of some of the most important laws in the Georgia code. In 1888-80 he framed and had passed a law regulating the recovering of transfers and liens on property. In 1890-91 he introduced and secured the passage of a bill to provide for the more speedy determination of criminal trials. This was a very important measure. In 1892-93 he was the author of the act passed ordering the codifying of the laws of Georgia; also an act to systematize the finances of the public schools of Georgia, and to provide for the prompt payment of teachers. In that same year he was elected first vice-president of the Georgia Bar association, and at the annual meeting of that body read a paper entitled "How Should the Judiciary Be Chosen, and Why?" In 1894 he was chosen president of the Georgia Bar association. In 1894 Mr. Fleming was re-elected to the Georgia legislature, and upon the assembling of that body was chosen speaker, without opposition, and proved to be one of the ablest parliamentarians and one of the most equitable presiding officers who ever welded the gavel over that body. Mr. Fleming is a gentleman of exceeding modesty, never failing to recognize as his equal every man who honestly labors to perform his entire duty. He is an enthusiastic Mason, a member of Webb lodge, No. 166, chapter No. 2, R. A. M., and Georgia commandery, No. i, K. T., and is also a Knight of Pythias and a member of the college fraternity, Sigma Alpha Epsilon.

CRANK E. FLEMING, a prominent banker of Augusta, Ga., was born in that city, Jan. 12, 1854. He was reared and received his education at Richmond
academy. In 1870 Mr. Fleming began to clerk for his father, Porter Fleming, cotton factor, and remained with him until 1877, when he retired to act as runner for the Georgia Railroad bank. When he left there he had reached the position of teller, which he held from 1881 to 1886. Mr. Fleming then formed the banking firm of Fleming, Thomas & Co., which now continues. The subject of this sketch is a director in the Langley Manufacturing company, and was president in 1890 of the Augusta and Summerville Railroad company, a horse-car line. Mr. Fleming then changed it from a horse-car to an electric line, and the road was then sold. He is still a director in the company. Mr. Fleming was married, in 1891, to Miss Lila Twiggs.

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785

H. FOSTER, M. D., one of the leading physicians of eastern Georgia, was born in Augusta, Ga., March 3, 1841, and is the third of eight children now in life born to John and Jane E. M. (Zim) Foster. The maternal
grandfather of the subject of this sketch was Henry Zim, who was a private soldier under "Light Horse Harry" Lee in the war of the revolution. He was severely wounded in the attack made by Lee on old Fort Augusta, which was then held by the British under Gen. Brown. He also saw service in the armies of the colonies at the battles of Kings Mountain, Monmouth, the Cowpens, and was at the surrender of Lord Cornwallis at Yorktown. He lived a long and useful life and died at the ripe age of ninety-four years. William H. Foster received his edu
cation at the Richmond county academy, and at the Mount Zion high school, in Hancock county, Ga., which was then presided over by Gov. William J. Northen.
He then read medicine under Dr. Richard D. Moore, of Athens, afterward attending lectures in Atlanta. In 1861 he enlisted in Company A, known as the Oglethorpe infantry, First Georgia volunteers. At the end of his term of enlist ment he returned to Augusta and raised a battalion, which was subsequently transferred to the Sixty-third Georgia regiment, at Savannah, where it remained until just before the retreat of Johnston from Dalton. The doctor took part also in all the battles from Dalton to Atlanta, and in the battle of Jonesboro, Ga. He then went with Gen. Hood to Nashville. Dr. Foster was an active participant in the battles of Cheat Mountain Ford, Green Brier River, McDowell's, Kernstown, Winchester, Strasburg, Hanging Rock, Romney, Rich Mountain, Rock Face, Resaca, Dalton, Altoona, New Hope Church, Kennesaw Mountain, Peacbtrec Creek, Fair Grounds near Atlanta, Jonesboro, Franklin, Murfreesboro, Nashville, and Bentonville. At the close of the war he returned to Augusta and resumed his medical studies, graduating with honors, in March, 1867, from the medical college of Georgia, department of university of Georgia. He entered actively upon the practice of his profession at Lexington, Oglethorpe Co., Ga., where he remained nine years, and in 1877 returned to Augusta. He has served one term as a member of the city council of Augusta; was chairman of the board of health com
mittee and ex-officio president of the board of health. In 1878 he was made city physician, and retains that position at this time. On Sept. 25, 1859, nc was married to Miss Margaret V., daughter of Dr. Cosmo P. Richardson, of Savan nah, and this union was blessed by the birth of eight children, of whom five arc now in life, viz.: Maggie C, John H., Eva H., Henry C., and Eugenia. In 1888
he was called upon to mourn the death of his wife, who was a consistent member of the Episcopal church. His second rnarriage was to Mrs. Stella R. (Robinson) Oliver, daughter of Dr. Francis J. Robinson, of Lexington, Ga., and they have one child, a daughter. Dr. Foster is a consistent member of the Christian church, also of the benevolent order Royal Arcanum and order of the Golden Rule.

JAMES L. FLEMING, vice-president of the Augusta orphan asylum, was born
in Lincoln county, Ga., Aug. 12, 1843. Left an orphan at the tender age of seven years, he was carried to the home of his uncle, Porter Fleming, in Augusta, Ga., and given the very best educational advantages. He first attended the old Richmond academy, then the school of the Rev. John W. Reed, in Oglethorpe county, leaving that school in September, 1860, to become a cadet at the Finley
institute, Lenoir, N. C. In April, 1861, he ran away from school and enlisted as a private in Company G, First North Carolina regiment, which company was known as the Burke rifles. He served in that command until the spring of 1862, when having been made a sergeant, he joined the Oglethorpe artillery at Augusta, Ga., and served as a private in that command throughout Bragg*s Kentucky campaign and the return, and was then transferred for duty in the
n-so

"I
i

786

MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

defense of Savannah, the Oglethorpe artillery and George A. Gordon's battalion
being merged into the Sixty-third Georgia regiment Having been promoted to sergeant and then to ensign Mr. Fleming was detached from his regiment by order
of the secretary of war and assigned to duty in the signal corps, serving in that department until after the evacuation of Savannah. He was then assigned to
Gen. W. J. Hardee's headquarters at Charleston, S. C, and later to Fort Sumter, serving there until the evacuation, when he went with Johnston's army and was at
the surrender at Greensboro, X. C. ilr. Fleming was. an active participant in the battles of Big Bethel, Dams Nos. i and 2, Harrod's Mill, Williamsburg, Rich mond, Ky., Perryville, the siege of Savannah, siege of Fort Sumter, Averasboro and Bentonville. Throughout the bloody battles above mentioned he was never
seriously wounded, receiving two slight scratches at the battle of Big Bethel, Va.
After the close of hostilities Mr. Fleming walked from North Carolina to Augusta,
having only a dollar and a quarter in his pocket, and began life anew as a farm
hand, working for his board and clothing. In 1866 he secured a situation as clerk in Atlanta, Ga., and eight months later engaged as traveling salesman for
the dry goods establishment of Samuel Bevan & Co., of Baltimore, which
position he filled most acceptably for two years. Removing to Abbeville district,
S. C., he was engaged for one season in agricultural affairs. Mr. Fleming then returned to Augusta and formed a co-partnership with his brother in the drug
business, which was continued for eight years. At the same time, however, he and W. E. McCoy engaged in the manufacture of tobacco, which was abandoned
one year later. In 1880 he entered the grocery business in Augusta, and carried
it on for seven years, establishing the large furniture business he now operates in
1888. Since 1875, in addition to other extensive interests, he has devoted no inconsiderable part of his time to farming and planting. Mr. Fleming is vicepresident of the Confederate Survivors' association of Richmond county, is a
Knight Templar Mason, and the honored assistant superintendent of the Sundayschool of the First Presbyterian church, of Augusta. He is also a member of
the board of trustees of the masonic fraternity of Augusta. He has never embraced the matrimonial state. As the efficient vice-president of the Augusta Orphan asylum, Mr. Fleming is possibly best known to the public. In that great charity, made famous by the devotion to its interests of such names as William
Royal Sibley, James C. C. Black, and hosts of others equally prominent, he has aUvays evinced a most careful pride. His tenderness to the unfortunate little orphans has completely won their most ardent affection and his visits are hailed
by the children with genuine delight. Here he dispenses a liberality as generous and open-hearted as it is beautiful, relying on the promise of the Master, "Inasmuch as ye have done it unto the least of these, ye have done it unto me."

CRANK L. FULLER, of the wholesale grocery firm of Fuller & Summerall, Augusta, Ga., was born in Columbia county, Ga., April 14, 1851. He was
reared and educated in the county of his birth, and at twenty-one years of age
he began to clerk for the firm of Stables & Read, Augusta, wholesale grocers, remaining in the employ of that house for six months, at the end of which time he entered the employ of Young & Hack, wholesale grocers, and remained with
that firm ten years. He was then made a member of the firm, its name being changed to Young, Hack & Co. Six months later the name of Fuller, Hatcher & Co. was adopted and as such the business was continued for six years, when the present firm of Fuller & Summerall was formed. The present firm, from its inception in July, 1892. has been a leader in the trade, and is annually extending
the scope of its operations. Mr. Fuller is a member of the Phoenix factory and of the Grocers' Manufacturing company, of Augusta. He was happily married in

RICHMOND COUNTY SKETCHES.
1879 to Elk, daughter of the late Isaac Jones, of Augusta, and that union has been blessed by the birth of three children, viz.: Mary L., Ella J., and Thomas L. The father of Frank L. Fuller, Francis M., now retired, was sheriff of Columbia county, Ga., for many years. One of his sons, William T., was a soldier in the Confederate army and served during the latter part of the civil war.
' ILLIAM A. GARRETT, of the firm of Garrett & Latimer, cotton factors, Augusta, Ga., was born in Edgefield district, S. C., in 1840, and was reared
and educated there, coming to Georgia when about thirty years of age. He attended Mercer university, then located at Penfield, Ga., but was forced to give up his studies there one year before his graduation. In April, 1861, Mr. Garrett entered the Confederate service as a private in Company I, South Carolina troops, and was detailed for duty in the quartermaster's department for two years. In 1865 he was made a lieutenant in Company M of the Seventh South Carolina regiment, and served as such until the close of the war, being an active participant in the bloody battle of the first Manassas. After the close of hostilities Mr. Garrett returned to his home in Edgefield district, and was engaged in agricultural pur suits for one year. He then removed to Augusta, Ga., and went into the grocery and cotton business, and for more than twenty-five years he has been engaged in the cotton business exclusively, the present firm having been organized in 1874. Mr. Garrett is a director in the Sibley Manufacturing company, of Augusta, and served for one year as a member of the Augusta city council. He is a deacon in the First Presbyterian church of Augusta. He was married, in January, 1861, to Miss Alice, daughter of the late Alexander Houston, a native of Abbeville, S. C., and that union has been blessed by the birth of five children, all of whom survive, viz.: Cornelius B., Thomas C., Jenna H., Alice L., and Henry B. The ancestors of William A. Garrett came originally from Virginia. His father, Thomas Garrett, was a native of South Carolina, and died in 1874, at the age of sixty-six years.
JWIAJ. WILLIAM T. GARY, attorney at law, Augusta, Ga., is a native of Cokesbury, Abbeville district, S. C., and is a son of Thomas R. and Mary A. (Porter)
Gary. Thomas R. Gary was born in Newberry district, S. C., in 1801, and was a son of Jesse Gary, a native of the same district and state, and was of English descent. Thomas R. represented his native county in the South Carolina legisla ture several terms, and was at one time treasurer of the Greenville & Columbia railroad, of which he was one of the projectors. He was also a planter on a large scale, and followed that vocation until his death, in 1851. Mrs. Mary A. (Porter) Gary is a native of Golden Grove, Greenville district, S. C., and is a daughter of Hugh Porter, a once famous Methodist preacher. It is related of the latter that one day, on his way to church, he was insulted by a rough man, and the more Mr. Porter reasoned the worse the man got to be, until finally Mr. Porter laid his over coat on the ground and said: "Lay there, Methodism, until I give this man a whipping." And he did give him a good one. The quotation became a current expression throughout the neighborhood, and is still in vogue. The children born to his parents are as follows: Dr. F. F., Col. Smith G., Mrs. Mary Elizabeth Griffin, Gen. M. W., John H., Dr. Thomas P., Mrs. Ann V. Evans, William T., Mrs. Atlanta F. Hodges and Louella P. Maj. Gary graduated from the South Carolina college in 1861, and in the spring of the same year entered the Confed erate army as first lieutenant of the South Carolina college cadets, and subse quently served on the staff of Gen. N. G. Evans, his brother-in-law, who was voted a testimonial by the South Carolina legislature for his successful manage ment of his troops at Leesburgh, Va., being the only general so honored by the

j88

MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

I

legislature named. John H. Gary, a brother of our subject, was the first captain

t

of the South Carolina college cadets, and led that company to the field. He was

;

killed at Battery Wagner in 1863, while commanding a company of regular Con-

:

federate artillery, and on account of his gallantry on that occasion Battery Gary

was erected at Charleston harbor in his honor. Soon after the battle of Charleston

.

harbor he was attached to the staff of Gen. N. G. Evans, and served in the Mary-

j

land campaign. Maj. William T. Gary served in the Virginia campaign until after

j

the battle of Sharpsburg, when he was transferred to the staff of his brother, Gen.



Martin W. Gary, promoted to the rank of major, and served as such until the

<

close of the war. Maj. Gary was an active participant in a number of battles,

I

among which were Rappahannock (near Warrenton), Va.; second Manassas, An-



tietam, and Boonesborough gap. On his return to South Carolina he read law

t

with his brother, Gen. Martin W., was admitted to the bar in 1866, and formed a

',

co-partnership with the general, which lasted until 1875, when he removed from

\

Edgefield court house, S. C, to Augusta, Ga., where he has since been actively

:

and successfully employed in the practice of his profession, and has built up a

reputation co-extensive with the state. In all the cases of which he has had charge

i

he has never permitted a white client to be sent to the penitentiary,.and but two of

his black clients have met that fate. He was the leading attorney in the defense



< 'f the Hamburg rioters, of whom more than fifty were under indictment for mur

der, and also leading attorney for the Ellenton rioters; he was likewise the principal

attorney in defending the Edgefield lynchers, of whom thirty-three were indicted

for murder, all of whom were acquitted; he also defended Jones, charged with

killing three men in one fight, and has succeeded in clearing him of two of the

charges, the third not yet having been decided. In 1882 and 1883 the major

represented Richmond county in the general assembly, and his course while a

member of that honorable body proved the wisdom of the people in selecting him.

He was the author of several of the important bills introduced during the session,

and was one of those who advocated the sale of the state road. He was one of the

orators elected by the legislature to deliver a eulogy on the death of Hon. Ben

Hill, and was appointed to present to the retiring speaker of the house a testimonial

from its members. He is also attorney for the Augusta, Gibson & Sandersville

railroad, in the building of which he was a prominent director, and of the pros

perity of which he has been a prime promoter. Feb. 12, 1885, he married Miss

Fanny H. Phinizy, daughter of Dr. Thomas B. and Fanny (Hamilton) Phinizy,

of Augusta, Ga., and his home has been brightened by the birth of one son, Wil

liam T. Garj', Jr. Mrs. Gary is a member of the Baptist church, and the major

is a bright Mason, having risen to the degree of Knight Templar. He is also

a member of the college fraternity, Phi Kappa Psi. William T. Gary attended

the schools of his native district until preparation for the South Carolina college,

now the university of South Carolina, whose president was Judge A. B. Long-

street, a noted, Southern author. Mr. Gary and his college classmates

at the beginning of the civil war, were formed into a company called the South

Carolina college cadets, and took an active part in the attack on Fort Sumter. In

1861 the cadets were reorganized, Mr. Gary being elected first lieutenant

f)R. EDWARD CONYERS GOODRICH of Augusta, president of the Georgia Society of Medical Examiners for Life Insurance, was born in that
city April i, 1852. He attended Emory college, Oxford, Ga., for three years, and in 1869 began the study of medicine at the medical department of the university
of Georgia located at Augusta, graduating from that institution in March, 1873. During the following autumn he went to Europe and studied in the clinics of

RICHMOND COUNTY SKETCHES.

789

London, Berlin and Vienna for two years. Returning home, he began the practice of medicine in his native city, which he has continued to the present time. Dr.
Goodrich is treasurer of the State Medical association of Georgia, is a member of the American Medical association, the American Public Health association and
of the Augusta Academy of Medicine. He is also a member of the Augusta board of health, and examining surgeon for pensions in the United States pen
sion department for eastern Georgia and a portion of South Carolina. For the
past sixteen years he has given much of his time to life insurance examining.
Beginning sixteen years ago as chief examiner for the Equitable, he is now not only nominator for eastern Georgia, but chief examiner at Augusta for twenty life insurance companies, notably of the Mutual Life Insurance company of New
York, United States Life, Metropolitan Life, New York Life, Nederlands Insur ance company, Aetna Life, Mutual Benefit of New Jersey, Penn Mutual Life, and the Mutual Life Insurance company of Kentucky. He has been treasurer of
the medical association of Georgia for over ten years, and was for some years city physician of Augusta. He also enjoys a very lucrative private practice. In April,
1894, Dr. Goodrich conceived the idea of forming an association of medical examiners of life insurance for the state of Georgia, for the purpose of combining
all examiners in the state for mutual benefit and protection. This association has already done incalculable good, and honored itself by honoring its founder, Dr.
Goodrich, who was unanimously elected to serve as its first president

HON. CHARLES A. HARPER, president of the board of education of Rich mond county, Ga., was born in the city of Augusta, Ga., Feb. 22, 1845. His
father, William, was a native of County Antrim, Ireland, came to the United States in 1810, to Georgia one year later, and located the following year in the
city of Augusta, where for many years he was engaged in the cotton factorage
business. He departed this life in Augusta in 1857. Charles A. Harper was reared in the city of Augusta and received his earlier education at Richmond
oounty academy, went thence to the university of Georgia (Athens), but never graduated, as he, like the majority of the members of his class, left that institu
tion in the senior year to enlist in the Confederate service as a private in the
Twelfth Georgia battalion of artillery. After serving a year with that command he was transferred to the Sixty-third Georgia infantry, commanded by Col. (after ward Gen.) John B. Gordon, now United States senator from Georgia. In the latter part of the summer of 1863 he was again transferred--this time to the signal service--and stationed at Savannah, Ga., where he remained until the
second bombardment of Fort Sumter, thence being transferred to Sumter, but escaped capture. Returning to Savannah, he remained there until that city was
evacuated, when he followed the army of Gen. Hood in retreat and surrendered with him. During the civil war Mr. Harper was not a participant in any of the
more important battles, though he was under fire many times and proved himself a most gallant soldier. After the close of hostilities he was engaged for three
years in agricultural pursuits in Dougherty county, Ga. During that time he
studied law, and was admitted to the bar in Burke county, Ga., in 1871, locating at Augusta, where he immediately entered actively and successfully upon the practice of his profession, which has been continued uninterruptedly since. Mr. Harper has been very active in the behalf of the democratic party and was
elected chairman of the democratic executive committee of Richmond county.
He was unanimously elected president of the board of education of Richmond county, he having been a member of that board for the past ten years. He was
happily married in 1872 to Miss Mary E., daughter of Hamilton H. Hickman of

790

MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

I

Augusta, Ga., who is vice-president of the Georgia Banking company, and that

f

union has been blessed by the birth of one daughter, Sarah Whatiey Harper.

I

I IXWOOD CLIXTOX HAYNE, president of the Planters' Loan and Savings

bank, and of the National bank of Augusta, Ga., was born in the fine old

5

county of Burke, Ga., April 23, 1858. He attended the schools of his native

'

county for a number of years, and then, in 1881, took a commercial course of

"j

study in Atlanta. Returning to Augusta, he entered one of the great dry goods

$

houses of that city, remaining therewith many years, and being successively

;

promoted from subordinate clerk to the responsible position of credit man. In

I

1888, Mr. Hayne was elected president of the Planters' Loan and Savings bank,

|

and in 1894 president of the National bank of Augusta. His career in the great

*

world of business affords a striking illustration of what may be accomplished by

I

strict attention to business and fair dealing; an object lesson well worthy of the

*

attention of the youth of Georgia. Beginning thirteen years ago as a clerk, he

has achieved wealth and reputation as a business man, and now occupies a most

desirable place among the successful citizens of. his section of the state. Mr.

L

Hayne is an honored member of the Knights Templar, is past master of Webb

*

lodge No. 166, F. and A. M., and past commander of Georgia commandery No.

i

i, K. T. He is a member of St. John's Methodist Episcopal church south,

f

Augusta. He has never embraced the matrimonial tie.

I)R. YIRG1NIUS G. HITT was born in Augusta, Ga., June 14, 1840. He traces his ancestry back to Peter Hett, who emigrated from England in
1720, settling in Fauquier county, Ya. John Hett, the great-grandfather of the
gentleman whose name entitles this article, was born in Fauquier county, Va.. and migrated to South Carolina after the war of the revolution, during which he was an officer in a Virginia regiment His son, Martin, was a native of South
Carolina, and was a planter all his long and useful life. The son of Martin Hitt and the father of Dr. Virginius G. Hitt, Charles B., was born in Edgefield
district, South Carolina, in 1806. He was a merchant in the city of Augusta, Ga., for many years and later speculated in land. He died in Augusta, in 1888. Yirginius G. Hitt was reared and educated in the city of Augusta. In April, 1861, he enlisted as a private in the Oglethorpe infantry, which company was assigned to the First Georgia regiment and known as Company I. After six months'
service Mr Hitt was promoted to the rank of assistant surgeon and detailed for duty at the hospital at Staunton, Ya., remaining there until March 2, 1862, when
he resigned. He then enlisted as a private in the Twelfth Georgia battalion of infantry, and soon thereafter went to Richmond, Va., where he received his diploma from the Richmond Medical college. Dr. Hitt was next made assistant
surgeon, and assigned to the Palmetto sharpshooters, Jenkins' brigade, and was
thence sent first to Camp Winder, near Richmond; thence to southwestern Vir ginia, as assistant surgeon to the I.atelourt artillery. He was finally assigned to the Georgia battalion as senior medical officer and remained with that command
until the close of hostilities. Dr. Hitt was a participant in the battle of Carrick's
Ford and numerous other skirmishes on the retreat therefrom, the battle of Cloyd's Farm and Lynchburg, sen-ing throughout the campaigns of Gen. Early
in Virginia: then in the siege of Richmond and at Appomattox Court House. After the war closed Dr. Hitt entered actively upon the practice of medicine at Augusta, removing in 1868 to Lee county, Ga., where he pursued his profession
ten years. He returned to Augusta in 1878 and has since resided there, devoting his entire time and attention to a large and increasing clientele. Among the

RICHMOND COUNTY SKETCHES.

791

members of the medical profession, Dr. Hitt ranks very high. He is also
an honored member of the State Medical association. He is a member also of the masonic fraternity. Dr. Hitt was happily married in Leesburg, Ga., in 1874, to Miss Lucy M., daughter of the late Joseph Woolfolk, a native of Georgia. This union has been blessed by the birth of three manly sons and a charming daughter.

QR. JAMES MERIWETHER HULL, of Augusta, was born in Athens, Ga., Feb. 3, 1859, and lived there until about six years of age, when he came to
Augusta. At the age of ten years he was sent to Georgetown university, District of Columbia, where he remained three years, and then went to Bethaiiy college, West Virginia, where he continued until the junior year, then came to Augusta, studied medicine under Dr. Ford, and graduated in 1879 m tne medical depart ment of the state university. Later he went to Vienna and Berlin, where he devoted three years to the study of eye, ear and throat diseases. Then he returned to Augusta, where he now resides. Dr. Hull has served on the Augusta board of health, and was in 1891 placed on the police board. He was vice-president of the State Medical association during the year 1890. He has also served as president of the Augusta Medical society. In 1882 he was appointed lecturer
on diseases of eye, ear and throat before the medical college in Augusta. In 1893 the chair of ophthalmology, otology and laryngology was created and Dr. Hull was appointed to fill it, holding that position at the present time. He is examiner for the Northwestern Life, Penn Mutual, Kentucky Mutual and the Insurance Clearing company of New York, the Washington Life Insurance company of New York, the Union Central company of Cincinnati, and the Union Mutual of Portland, Me. Dr. Hull belongs to St. Paul's Episcopal church. He was married in 1883 to Miss Mary, daughter of Jasper F. Lyon of Mobile. Ala. Dr. Hull's father was Jasper M. Hull, who died in 1863, in the Confederate service. He was a captain in the Third Georgia regiment, and had served from the first. He died at the age of twenty-three. Dr. Hull's great-grandfather, Rev. \Ym. Hope Hull, assisted in founding Franklin college, now the university of Georgia.

JUl AJ. GEORGE T. JACKSON was born in Augusta, Ga., Dec. 29, 1822, and educated at the Richmond academy, Augusta, never having had the advantage
of a collegiate course. At the age of fourteen he commenced business as a clerk with his brothers, who were then conducting an auction and commission business, which was subsequently merged into a wholesale dry goods business. He com bined with them as clerk and co-partner, when after various changes to different firms, he became the head of the firm of Jackson, Miller & Verdery. This firm was in existence until near the close of the war. During the war Maj. Jackson purchased the granite mill, located on the Augusta canal, associating with him in the flour and grain business Messrs. John T. Miller and Edward !". Kinchley: this mill was subsequently the nucleus of the building of the Enterprise factory, the first factory erected after the enlargement of the Augusta canal. During his business career he was often solicited to accept political offices, but always declined except in one single instance, when he served in the city council from the First ward. He was appointed by the governor a director in the Bank of Augusta about 1848, and in 1854 was elected a director in the Georgia Railroad & Banking company, in which board he remained until 1882. While serving on that board he aided greatly in inducing the Georgia Railroad & Hanking company to promote the building of the Port Royal & Augusta railroad, also the Charlotte. Columbia & Augusta railroad. With all its advantages, the building of the Augusta & Summerville railroad came near being abandoned when he. having been appealed to bv its projectors, concluded to aid in its construction and it was

792

MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

built. There was scarcely an enterprise which tended to promote the public

welfare of his native city in which he did not take an active interest During the

civil war he was elected captain of a company he helped raise in Augusta, Ga.,

and responded to Gen. Beauregard's call for volunteers to go to Charleston, S.

C, when that city was threatened with a land attack while being bombarded from

the Federal ironclads. Subsequently he was promoted to the command of the

Augusta battalion, and saw active service in Georgia and South Carolina. He

met with business reverses in 1884, and has since, although deeply interested in

anything which may be for the general welfare of Augusta, lived a private life.

While a progressive Christian, he is not a member of any church. Maj. Jackson

married Miss Kate W. Mixon, in Augusta, Dec. 15, 1846. They had nine

children, five boys and four girls. When the Hon. Thos. W. Miller organized

J

the Augusta orphan asylum, Maj. Jackson was one of the original subscribers,

*

and was on the finance committee many years. He is now the'oldest member of

t

that great charity board.

<t

\VfILLIAM ELBERT JACKSOX. prominent attorney of Augusta, Ga., was

I

born in that city in 1851. His father, John K. Jackson, a native of Georgia,

I

was a graduate of the South Carolina college, Columbia, and was engaged in the

practice of law in Augusta, Ga., for more than seventeen years. During the

i

war between the states he was a gallant Confederate soldier, rose to the rank

f

of brigadier-general, and died soon after the memorable struggle. William Elbert

Jackson was reared and received his primary education in the city of Augusta,

afterward becoming a student of the university of Georgia, Athens, from which

seat of learning he was graduated, in the class of 1870, with the degree of

Bachelor of Arts. Immediately after his graduation he returned to his home in

Augusta and engaged in the cotton business, which business he successfully

conducted for five years. But finding the law better suited to his tastes, Mr.

Jackson gave up the cotton business and entered the office of F. H. Miller,

studied law assiduously for more than a year, and was admitted to practice at the

superior court for Richmond count}- in 1876. Since his admission to the bar he

has practiced in Augusta, never having resided anywhere else. Though a keen

observer of politics, and a student of men and measures since his advent to man

hood, Mr. Jackson takes no active part in the politics of the day, preferring to

devote his time and talents exclusively to the law, among the members of which

;

profession he sustains a most desirable rank.

I

("*HARLES W. JACKSOX, soliciting agent of the Augusta Southern railway,

*

with headquarters at Augusta, Ga., was born in that city Dec. 25, 1861. He

f'

was reared in Augusta and attended the Richmond academy until he had reached

*

the age of nineteen years, when he entered Bethany college, Brooke county, W.

1

Va., from which he graduated in 1882, with the degree of Bachelor of Arts. Return

ing to his home, he at once went to work as shipping clerk for the Excelsior

miSlSl-, and- a s.hort t.ime t. h ereaff.ter was promot.e_d.t_ otihe__p_o_si.ti_on o_frbt_ oo_kiik_eepe. r a_ nd.1

manager of the shipping department. For four years he invested his earnings in

the stock of the mill, believing it to be a most successful venture; but that

enterprise failed in 1887, and he found himself destitute of all resources, save an

indomitable will and a determination to succeed in spite of adversity. Beginning

life anew as train hand in the employ of the Central railroad of Georgia, he was

i

successively made baggagemaster, warehouseman and conductor of trains. Two

;

years later, having resigned his position of conductor of trains, he organized the

I

"Tocery firm of C. \V. Jackson & Co.. of which firm he continued as senior

RICHMOND COUNTY SKETCHES.

793

partner until a few months ago, when he retired and accepted his present position, which he is conducting with his characteristic diligence and success.

QOL. CHARLES COLCOCK JONES, JR., LL. D., historian, biographer and archaeologist, the most prolific author Georgia has ever produced, and who
stands at the head of historical writers of the south of the present generation, was born in Savannah, Ga., Oct. 28, 1831. He comes of an old family, his ancestors in the male line having removed from England to Charleston, S. C., nearly two
centuries ago. His great-grandfather, John Jones, the first of the family com ing from South Carolina to Georgia, was a rice planter in St. Johns parish. Dur
ing the revolutionary war he espoused the cause of the patriots, and, as major in the continental army, fell before the British lines around Savannah during the
assault by the allied forces of D'Estaing and Lincoln on Oct. 9, 1779. On that memorable occasion he acted in the capacity of aide-de-camp to Brig.-Gen. Lach-
lan Mclntosh. Rev. Charles C. Jones, D. D., father of the historian, a distinguished
Presbyterian divine, was, at the time of his son's birth, pastor of the First Presby terian church in the city of Savannah. Resigning his charge in November, 1832, he removed with his family to his plantation in Liberty county, Ga., where he
devoted his energies to the religious instruction of the negroes. He was the apostle to that benighted people, and freely gave his time, talents and money to their evangelization and to the improvement of their moral and religious condition.
Dr. Jones was a gentleman of liberal education, a wealthy planter, an eloquent
pulpit orator, at one time professor of ecclesiastical history in the Theological seminary at Columbia, S. C., and for some years occupied the position at Phila delphia of secretary of the Presbyterian board of domestic missions. He was the author of several works on the religious instruction of the negroes, of a catechism specially prepared for their spiritual enlightenment, and of a history of the Church
of God. Col. Jones' boyhood was spent at the paternal homes--Montevideo and Maybank plantations in Liberty county, Ga. At the former--which was a rice and sea-island cotton plantation on the North Newport river--the winter residence was fixed, while the latter--a sea-island cotton plantation--located on Colonel's island, lying between the island of St. Catharine and the mainland, was the sum mer retreat. The region abounded in game and fish. An indulgent father gen
erously supplied his sons with guns, dogs, horses, row-boats and sail-boats and fishing tackle. As a natural consequence Col. Jones at an early age became an adept with the fowling-piece, the rifle, the rod and the line. This out-door exer cise and these field sports laid the foundations for a fine constitution, and encour aged an ambition to excel in shooting, riding, swimming, fishing and sailing. The opportunity thus afforded for enjoyment and manly diversions was exceptional, and the training then experienced produced a lasting impression. The civiliza tion of the Georgia coast under the patriarchal system then existent was refined, liberal and generous. The school was excellent for the development of manly traits. The early studies of Col. Jones were pursued at home, generally under private tutors; occasionally under the immediate supervision of his father. In1848 he repaired to South Carolina college at Columbia, where his freshman and
sophomore years were passed. That institution was then in the zenith of its prosperity, being presided over by the Hon. William C. Preston, who was assisted by such professors as Dr. Francis Lieber and Dr. Thornwell. Subsequently
matriculating at Nassau hall, Princeton, N. J-, in the junior class in 1850, Col. Jones at once took high rank among his fellows, and, graduating with distinction,
received his A. B. diploma from this college in June, 1852. Selecting the law as his profession he went to Philadelphia and, as a student, entered the office of

^94

MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

Samuel H. Perkins, Esq. After reading law here for about a year, he matriculated

at Dane Law school, Harvard university, Cambridge, Mass., from which institu

tion he received in 1855 his degree of LL. B. While he was a member of that

law school Joel Parker, Theophilus Parsons and Edward G. Loring were the pro

fessors. Besides taking his regular law course, he attended the lectures of Profs.

Agassiz, Mr. Longfellow, Dr. Wyman, Prof. Lowell and Dr. Holmes. Returning

home in the winter of 1854 he entered the law office of Ward & Owens in Savannah

and was called to the bar in that, his native city, on May 24, 1855. In due course

he was admitted to plead and practice in the supreme court of Georgia, in the sixth

circuit court of the United States, in the district court of the Confederate states,

and in the supreme court of the United States. During the second year of his

*

professional life he became the junior partner of the law firm of Ward, Owens &

J

Jones. When Mr. Ward went abroad as United States minister to China Mr.

*

Owens retired from the firm, and the Hon. Henry R. Jackson, late United States

J

minister to Austria, was admitted as a member. The firm continued to be Ward,



Jackson & Jones until Judge Jackson took his seat upon the bench as judge of

*.

the district court of the Confederate States of America for the district of Georgia.

<

The business of this law firm was large and lucrative. On Nov. 9, 1858, Col.

I

Jones married Miss Ruth Berrien Whitehead, of Burke county, Ga. He was

jj

married a second time on Oct. 28, 1863, to Miss Eva Berrien Eve, of Augusta,

|"

Ga., a niece of the late Dr. Paul F. Eve, of Nashville, Tenn. These ladies were

respectively niece and grand-niece of the Hon. John McPherson Berrien, attor

ney-general of the United States during Jackson's administration, and aftenvard

United States senator from Georgia. In 1859 Col. Jones was chosen an alderman

of Savannah, and in the following year he was. without solicitation, nominated

and elected mayor of that city--a position, writes Gov. Stephens, seldom, if ever

before, conferred on one so young by a corporation possessing so much wealth,

population and commercial importance. With the exception of this position of

mayor he never held public office in his life, or drew a dollar of the people's

money. During the term of his mayoralty the Confederate revolution was pre

cipitated, and many unusual questions arose demanding for their solution serious

consideration and prompt decision. Col. Jones was a secessionist, and it is be

lieved that one of the earliest public addresses on the situation delivered in Sa

vannah fell from his lips. Declining a re-election to the mayoralty, he joined

the Chatham artillery (Capt. Claghorn) of which light batten- he was the senior

first lieutenant. He had been mustered into Confederate service with that battery

as its senior first lieutenant on July 31,1861, and remained on leave until his labors

in the capacity of mayor were concluded. The Chatham artillery was then sta

tioned on the Georgia coast. In the fall of 1862 the subject of this sketch was

promoted to the grade of lieutenant-colonel of artillery, P. A. C. S., and was

assigned to duty as chief of artillery for the military district of Georgia. The

assignment was important and the command extensive, including some eight light

batteries and nearly 200 guns in fixed position. This command was subsequently

enlarged so as to embrace the artillery in the third military district of South

Carolina. His headquarters were established at Savannah. Col. Jones was

,.P

brought into intimate personal and military relations with Gen. Beauregard, Lieut-Gen. Hardee, Maj.-Gens. McLaws, Gilmer, Taliaferro, and Patton Ander-

:|.

son, and Brig.-Gens. Mercer, Lawton and others. He loved and took special

pride in the artillery arm of the service, and preferred it to any other. In illustra

tion of his partiality for this arm of the service it may be stated that at one time

a commission of brigadier-general of infantry was tendered him, which he declined.

The artillery, both light and heavy, in the military district of Georgia, was remark-

RICHMOND COUNTY SKETCHES.

795

able for its proficiency. Col. Jones was chief of artillery during the siege of Sa vannah in December, 1864, which he has so graphically described in his work on that subject, and figured prominently in the defense of the city. He was at one time in command of the field artillery on James island, during the siege of Charles ton, and at another was chief of artillery on the staff of Maj.-Gen. Patton Anderson in Florida. Upon the fall of Savannah he was summoned by Gen. Hardee to the position of chief of artillery upon his staff, and was included in the surrender of Gen. Joseph E. Johnston's army, which occurred near Greensboro, N. C., in April, 1865. Late in December, 1865, Col. Jones removed with his family to New York city, and there resumed the practice of his profession, which had been interrupted by the war. Returning with his family to Georgia in the spring of 1877, Col. Jones fixed his home at Montrose, in Summerville, near Augusta, Ga., where he continued to reside up to the day of his death, which occurred on July 19, 1893. Since his return to his native state, aside from his professional labors, he has not been unmindful of his historical researches and literary 'pursuits. Among his later publications may be mentioned his Life and Services of Commodore Josiah Tattnall (1878), Memorial of Jean Pierre Purry (1880), the Georgia Historical Society, its Founders, Patrons and Friends (1881), the Life and Services of exGov. Charles Jones Jenkins (1884), Sepulture of Maj.-Gen. Nathaniel Greene, and of Brig.-Gen. Count Casimir Pulaski (1885), the Life, Literary Labors and Neglected Grave of Richard Henry Wilde (1885), Biographical Sketch of the Hon. Maj. John Habersham of Georgia (1886), Brig.-Gen. Robert Toombs (1886), the Life and Services of the Hon. Samuel Elbert of Georgia (1887), the English Colonization of Georgia (1887), Negro Myths from the Georgia Coast (1888), and lastly, and more particularly, his History of Georgia (1883), a work of which the historian Bancroft remarked that it was the finest state history he had ever read, and that its high qualities fairly entitled its author to be called the Macaulay of the south. In addition to the publications to which we have alluded, Col. Jones has printed addresses and discourses upon a variety of topics, prominent among which are his oration upon the unveiling and dedication of the Confederate mon ument in Augusta, Ga., (1878), his funeral oration pronounced at the capitol of Georgia over the Hon. Alexander H. Stephens, late governor of the state (1883), and his address entitled The Old South (1887). In this connection we may men tion the addresses which he has delivered before the Confederate Survivors' asso ciation of Augusta, Ga., an organization of which he was president, which was founded and has been perpetuated largely through his instrumentality, and which is among the oldest associations of this character in the south. Col. Jones' literary labors during the year 1888, in addition to the publications already referred to, embrace three historical addresses and the memorial histories of the cities of Sa vannah and Augusta, Ga., during the eighteenth century. Subsequently one book, his Biographical Sketches of the Delegates from Georgia to the Continental Congress (1891), and eight pamphlets, were the products of his pen. The career
of the late Col. Charles Colcock Jones, Jr., LL. D., as an author and man of letters began in 1859 when his Indian Remains in Southern Georgia--an address delivered before the Georgia Historical society on its twentieth anniversary--was given to the public. Aside from his report as mayor of Savannah, it will be remembered that his Monumental Remains of Georgia, and his oration delivered on the occasion of the celebration of the seventy-fifth anniversary of the Chatham artillery, likewise appeared in 1861. The twelve years of his residence in New York and in Brooklyn were, in a literary way, very productive, and among the contributions from his pen at this time may be mentioned his Historical Sketch of the Chatham Artillery during the Confederate Struggle for Independence (1867),

796

MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

Ancient Tumuli of the Savannah River (1868), Historical Sketch of Tomo-ChiChi, Mico of the Yamacraws (1868), Ancient Tumuli in Georgia (1860.), Reminis cences of the Last Days, Death and Burial of Gen. Henry Lee (1870), Casimir
Pulaski, an address before the Georgia Historical society on its thirty-second anniversary (1873), Antiquities of the Southern Indians, particularly of the Geor gia Tribes (1873), th* Siege of Savannah in 1779, as described in two contem poraneous journals of French officers in the fleet of Count D'Estaing (1874), the Siege of Savannah in December, 1864, and the Confederate Operations in Georgia and the Third Military District of South Carolina during Gen. Sherman's March from Atlanta to the Sea (1874), Sergt William Jasper, an address before the Georgia Historical society (1876); A Piece of Secret History (1876), and A Roster of General Officers, Heads of Departments, Senators, Representa tives, Military Organizations, etc., in Confederate Service during the War Be tween the States (1876). From his earliest years he evinced a love for the colla
tion and classification of primitive objects. His collection, comprising some 20,000 specimens, is one of unusual interest It illustrates in the most complete manner the customs and occupations of the aboriginal population prior to the advent of Europeans, and before the cruel Spaniards had rudely interrupted their simple methods of life. In association with the collection are several hundred
typical objects of primitive manufacture from Europe, Asia, Africa and other locali ties. As a collector of autographs and historical documents Col. Jones occupied a distinguished place among those whose tastes were in harmony with his own. His series of Autograph Letters and Portraits of the Signers of the Declaration
of Independence, of Autograph Letters and Portraits of Presidents of the Con tinental Congress, of Presidents and of Vice-Presidents of the United States, of Autograph Letters and Portraits of Members of the Continental Congress, of Autograph Letters and Portraits of the Chief Justices and Associate Justices of the Supreme Court, and of the Attorney-Generals of the United States, of Auto graph Letters and Portraits of the Delegates to the Constitutional Convention of 1787, and of Autograph Letters and Portraits of the Signers of the Confederate Constitution are worthy monuments to his industry in this fascinating avenue of research. Twice complimented with the degree of Doctor of Laws, and hon ored with membership in various literary and scientific societies both in this country and in Europe, the beloved president of the Confederate Survivors' association of Augusta, Ga., cherishing the memories which it perpetuates, and expending his latest breath in its patriotic service, gallant in war, courteous in peace, gifted, magnetic and never so happy as when celebrating the glories of southern woman hood, Col. Jones was a commanding figure in the community in which he lived.

\A7ILLIAM C. JONES, secretary and treasurer of the Augusta Real Estate & Improvement company, of Augusta, Ga., was born in that city on Sept. 30,
1832. His father, William H. Jones, a native of Virginia, was the first teller of the Georgia Railroad bank, in Augusta, holding that position uninterruptedly from 1837 till 1866. He was born Jan. 25,1793, and died in Augusta on June 9, 1875. At the time of his death he was the oldest past master of Webb lodge No. i, F. and A. M., of Augusta, one of the oldest Masons residing in Georgia and the oldest member of the board of trustees of the Masonic hall, a noted edifice of Au gusta. William C. Jones was reared in Augusta and received his education at the old Richmond academy, leaving that noted seat of learning in 1849 to accept a position in the general offices of the Georgia railroad, which he creditably filled for four years. In 1853 he went on the survey of the Savannah River railroad, thence on the survey of the Memphis & Charleston railroad, where he was engaged

RICHMOND COUNTY SKETCHES.

797

until 1859, when he returned to Augusta to accept the position as superintendent of the Augusta & Savannah railroad, serving in that capacity for three years. In
1875 Mr. Jones was elected city sheriff and assessor of Augusta and held that place until November, 1891, when he was chosen secretary and treasurer of the Augusta Real Estate & Improvement company. He now holds, also, the position of chairman of the finance committee of the board of education of Augusta, hav
ing been a member of that board for the past six years, the past four as chairman of the finance committee, and was elected president of the board of education in June, 1895. He is also treasurer of the Summerville Land company, and has
been a member of the board of health of Augusta since 1889. ^r- Jones was for a long while a vestryman of St. Paul's Episcopal church of Augusta, and is a Knight Templar Mason. He was happily married in 1867 to Miss Ella, daugh ter of the late Rev. Hansford D. Duncan, a native of South Carolina. Mrs. Jones departed this life in 1880, leaving as the fruit of that union four daughters and two sons, all of whom are living, viz.: Emiline, wife of Charles Whitsell, of Colleton district, S. C.; Duncan A. Jones, Martha, wife of W. H. Tutt, of Augusta; Constance Jones; Henry, now a cadet at the Virginia Military institute, and Ella Dtincan Jones.

UON. JOSEPH RUCKER LAMAR, Augusta, Ga., one of the leading lawyers of Georgia, was born in Ruckersville, Elbert Co., Ga., in 1857, being the eldest
of two sons and a daughter born to Rev. James S. and Mary (Rucker) Lamar.
The other children born to this union were Philip and Mary. Rev. James S. Lamar was born in Gwinnett county, Ga., May 18, 1829. His father, Philip, a farmer, was born in Edgefield district, S. C., in 1796, moved to Georgia when a young man and settled in Gwinnett county, afterward moving to Muscogee county, Ga., where he died in 1860. He was a man who stood high in his community. His wife, Mary Anthony, was born in South Carolina in 1802, bore him seven children, and died in 1861. The early life of Rev. James S. Lamar was spent on his fathers farm. In 1853-54 he attended Bethany college, Brooke Co., W. Va., to prepare himself for the ministry, and was graduated from that institution in July, 1854. During the following autumn he began preaching in Augusta, Ga., and remained there in charge of the Christian church until 1875, when he went to Louisville, Ky., was there only one year and returned to Augusta, where he lived until 1884. He then removed to Atlanta, and was pastor of the church in that city until 1887, thence removing to Valdosta, Ga., to assume charge of the church there. He was happily married on June 2, 1856, to Miss Mary Rucker, daughter of Joseph and Margaret (Speer) Rucker, of Ruckersville, Elbert Co. She bore him three chil dren, viz.: Joseph R., Philip, and Mary, who departed this life on Jan. 27, 1864. Rev. James S. Lamar was married a second time, Dec. 5, 1865, to Miss Sallie M. Ford, daughter of Dr. Lewis D. and Emily (Childs) Ford, of Augusta. They have no children. For many years he was associate editor of the "Christian Stand ard," organ of the Christian church, and published in Cincinnati, Ohio. He is also the author of several valuable published works of especial value to the Christian denomination. Joseph R. Lamar resided in the village of his birth until he had arrived at the age of nine years, when he removed with his parents to Augusta, where he received the greater part of his primary education. He was given the very best academical and collegiate training. During the years 1874-75 he at tended the university of Georgia, Athens, thence entering Bethany college, and was graduated from the latter institution in 1877. He then entered the law depart ment of Washington and Lee university, Lexington, Va., and was admitted to the practice of law at the spring term, 1878, of Richmond superior court. He formed a co-partnership in the practice of law with Hon. H. Clay Foster, of Augusta, and

798

MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

the firm was one of the most popular and successful in that city, noted for the exceptional brilliancy and ability of its bar. Mr. Lamar was elected to the general
assembly, the first office he ever held, in 1886. In the house and on the commit tees on railroads, general judiciary, and banks, he took high rank as a careful, conservative and able legislator, rendering such valuable service to his constitu ents and the state that he was re-elected at the end of his term for the session of 1888-89. He took an active part in the discussion of the famous Olive bill, which sought to forfeit the charters of certain railroads in the state, and won a lasting reputation by his masterful argument of the question then at issue. In 1889 Air. Lamar was chosen chairman of the committee of one hundred, organized to reform the city civil service of Augusta, and in that capacity rendered incalculable service to that municipality. In December, 1893, he was appointed by Gov. William J. Northen and the supreme court a member of the commission to codify the laws of Georgia, the other members of that commission being Judge John L. Hopkins, of Atlanta, and ex-Attorney-General Clifford Anderson, of Macon. The commission had in hand a work of much magnitude, viz.: The division of the civil and penal
laws of Georgia, which were compiled and issued in separate volumes. The com bined labors of this distinguished trio are receiving the well-earned commendation of the most prominent members of the legal profession in Georgia. Personally Mr. Lamar is modest and unobtrusive, almost to a fault, yet firm and unyielding
when he has arrived at a decision. He is courteous and polished in manner, and has generous social endowments that make him a prime favorite with his friends throughout Georgia. Though never having sought political preferment, as such,
he has always been a close observer of public affairs, and in politics is a democrat. Mr. Lamar was married in 1879 to Clarinda, daughter of Dr. W. K. Pendleton, president of Bethany college, West Virginia, and two manly sons are the fruit of that union. Young, talented and amply equipped for any position in the gift of the
people of Georgia, the future holds forth much promise, and the friends of the distinguished gentleman whose name heads this sketch predict for him a still more brilliant career of honor and usefulness in the service of his native state.

I IEUT.-COL. I. CLARENCE LEVY, late commander of the First battalion,

Georgia volunteers, was born in the village of Hamburg, S. C., Jan. 12, 1850,

and lived there until twelve years of age, when he removed across the Savannah

river to the city- of Augusta, Ga. He was educated at the old Richmond county

academy, and later attended the private school of Prof. John Neely. In 1869 he

attended Eastman Business college, Poughkeepsie, N. Y. Returning to Augusta,

Ga., in August, 1871, he entered into a co-partnership with his father in the cloth

ing business, which he has conducted alone since the death of the latter in 1879.

As a member of the volunteer forces of Georgia Col. Levy won much distinction,

serving in the ranks and as a commissioned officer for twenty-one years. On

jj

March 17, 1873, he enlisted as a private in the Clinch rifles of Augusta. On Oct

is

16.1873, he was elected secretary and treasurer of that company, and in 1879 was

jj

unanimously elected sergeant for life, an honorary position. On May 2, 1881, he

i;

was promoted to the office of second lieutenant of the Clinch rifles, and was made

jj

first lieutenant in 1883, being called to the captaincy of that company on Nov. 18,

-

1884, which position he held until Nov. 9, 1889. The retirement of Lieut.-Col.

Levy, on Feb. i, 1894, was a surprise to the officers of his battalion, as well as to

the individual members of his command, and many were the expressions of regret

he received from them. Even the adjutant-general of Georgia, Col. John Mcln-

tosh Kell, refused to accept his resignation when tendered him officially, hoping

that Col. Levy would reconsider his action. But he was obdurate, and on account

of pressing business would not accede to the request to remain in office. There-

RICHMOND COUNTY SKETCHES.

799

upon his name was placed on the roll of Georgia's retired officers, giving him all the rights, privileges, immunities and exemptions enjoyed by the volunteers in active service. It is but just to mention in this connection that to the efforts of
Col. Levy is chiefly attributable the re-organization of the First battalion and the revival of the military spirit in the city of Augusta, there being now no less than
fifteen military organizations there, of which thirteen are white companies. Mr.
Levy is also greatly interested in the progress and development of the city of Augusta, and is active in its progress. He is now president of the Jewish con gregation, an ex-director of the Irish-American Dime Savings bank, and a director
of the Monte Sano Land company, the Augusta Exposition company, past sachem
of Monon tribe of Red Men, past chancellor of Woodlawn lodge, Knights of Pythias, ex-captain of Augusta division, uniform rank, Knights of Pythias, secre
tary of the American Legion of Honor, president of the local board of the Columbus Building and Loan association, chairman of the board of trustees, I. O. B. B., and an active member of the Woodmen of the World, and a director Young Men's Business League. He is also an associate member of the United States Military Service institution.

\jyiLLIAM E. M'COV, a prominent textile manufacturer of Augusta, Ga., was born in that city on Xov. 14, 1840, being a son of Charles-and Frances A.
(Tutt) McCoy. He was educated in Augusta, but in early life began a mercantile career as a clerk, and when the civil war began was a bookkeeper. May 11, 1861, he enlisted in the Confederate army as a private in Company A, known as the Clinch Rifles, of the Fifth Georgia regiment. He served throughout the war, and
was an active participant in the battle of Santa Rosa Island, near Pensacola, Fla.; the battles of Murfreesboro, Ter.n., and Farmington, Miss. After the battle of Murfreesboro he was detailed for duty in the quartermaster's department, where he served until the close of hostilities. After the return of peace he came back to Augusta and began to clerk for a living. His first experience in cotton manu facturing was as bookkeeper for the Grantvillo Manufacturing company, Grantville, S. C, in January, 1868. The year following he was made cashier of that company and stationed at Augusta in the office of the president, H. H. Hickman, and remained there until April 1878, when, having resigned, he went to New York and remained there one year. He then returned to Augusta and pur chased the Augusta waste works, which he successfully operated until October, 1881, when a stock company was formed, the name of the new corporation being changed to Riverside mills. Mr. McCoy was elected president of the new company and successfully held that position until February, 1894, when he resigned in order to accept the newly-created office of vice-president, which he now holds. The growth of the mill under his management as president was very rapid and most gratifying. At present about 250 operatives are afforded employment in the manufacturing of cotton batting, machinery waste and paper stock, being the only concern of its kind in the southern states. The phenomenal success of this enterprise is due largely to Mr. McCoy, who, from the beginning, has given it his individual attention. He is also largely interested in other corporations, being a member of the various boards of directors of the following institutions: The Tohn P. King Manufacturing company, Augusta Land company, Georgia Rail
road bank, the Manufacturers' Insurance Mutual Aid society (which is strictly an insurance company), and the Southern Manufacturers' association. Mr. McCoy is a member of the Methodist Episcopal church, south, and has taken an active part in the masonic fraternity, being a thirty-second degree Mason, and is past grand captain-general of the grand commandery of the state of Georgia. He

MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.
was happily married in 1878 to Mrs. Katharine Hammond Gregg, who died in 1882. Leaving the Confederate ranks in the spring of 1865, a penniless soldier, Mr. McCoy has, by his energy and persistent and determined efforts, gained a most creditable place among the merchants of Augusta. He is a thorough master of his line of business and feels a justifiable pride in its progress. He is a hard and methodical worker and possesses executive and administrative ability to a marked degree. High-minded and of the strictest integrity, his standing in Augusta, in all that constitutes good citizenship, is of the very highest order.
CRANK HARVEY MILLER, son of Andrew Jackson and Martha Olive Miller, was born in Augusta, Ga., Oct. 13, 1836. He was educated at the
academy of Richmond county, the Villa school of the Rev. C. P. Beman and Franklin college (now university of Georgia). In the fall of 1854 he began the study of law in the office of his father and was admitted to the bar Nov. 20, 1858, at Burke superior court. Upon the death of his father, in February, 1856, he became a member of the law firm of Millers & Jackson, the other partners being Thomas W. Miller and John K. Jackson. On July 6, 1859, he married Julia Dyer, daughter of William K. and Sarah A. Kitchen. The firm of Millers & Jackson was dissolved Feb. 15, 1860, from which date Mr. Miller has practiced his profession alone, calling to his aid the assistance of associate counsel when necessary. At the commencement of the late war he entered the state service as a member of the Oglethorpe infantry, performing his first duty on the night of the surrender of the United States arsenal at Augusta to Gov. Brown. His company subsequently entered the service of the Confederate states as Company A, First regiment, Georgia volunteers. As the number of enlisted men was limited, all the married men, other than commissioned officers, were left at home. These organized Company B, of which Mr. Miller was first lieutenant This company was ordered into the service of the state in November, 1861, and made a part of the Ninth regiment, of which the subject of this sketch was commissioned adjutant As the war progressed many persons sought to avoid military duty.by a resort to the courts. Such action necessitated the employment of counsel as assistant to the district attorney of the Confederate states, and Mr. Miller, who had much experience during his military service as judge advocate and had represented the government in other matters, was permanently and continuously engaged as such. At the close of the war he visited New York and Washington, where he had advantageous offers made to him to enter business, all of which he declined, preferring to bear the burdens of reconstruction with his own people. He returned to Augusta and resumed the practice of his profession before the military courts until the re-establishment of civil law, from which time he has devoted most of his attention to commercial and ecclesiastical law. In the former Mr. Miller's industry and success are best shown by a reference to the Georgia and Federal reports, which contain numerous interesting cases of his, in a majority of which he has been successful. He is one of the few busy lawyers who has given much attention to ecclesiastical law, in which branch of judicature he is recognized as an authority. In 1890 Mr. Miller was elected president of the Georgia Bar association. He has never sought or held political or judicial office. As a citizen he is deeply interested in the prosperity of Augusta and her institu tions, and as a trustee of the academy of Richmond county and of the Masonic hall, has freely given time and attention to promote their welfare Mr. Miller is one of the committee charged with directing the improvement and enlargement of the courthouse of Richmond county, in which capacity he has freely rendered valuable and timely service.

RICHMOND COUNTY SKETCHES.

801

ILLIAM K. MILLER, a prominent attorney of Augusta, Ga., was born in that city April 15, 1860. He was reared and received his primary education in Augusta, going to the university of the South, Snwanee, Tenn., 1872, and then to the university of Virginia, where he took a law course. Returning to Augusta he was admitted to the bar, Oct. 24, 1879, and to the supreme court of Georgia, Nov. 17, 1880, and to the United States court, fifth circuit in Georgia, June i, 1886; also to the United States court of the fourth circuit April 4, 1893. Mr. Miller is a Knight Templar Mason.
REV. JAMES M. O'BRIEN, of the Church of the Holy Trinity, under the invocation of the Patrick, Augusta, Ga., was born in Kennebunk, Me., Jan.
28, 1842. In infancy he went to Keene, N. H., where he was brought up and received his primary education at the high schools, going thence to St. Mary's college, Wilmington, Del., and finishing his literary studies at Villanora college, near Philadelphia, in 1869. Then he went to St Mary's seminary, Baltimore, Md., for his theological course, and was ordained priest in the old cathedral at Savannah, Ga., Jan. 6, 1874, by Rev. W. H. Grass, then bishop of Savannah, Ga. Father O'Brien's first charge was at St. Patrick's church at Washington, Ga., and the adjoining missions of Sharon, Sparta and Athens. He remained in that charge from 1874 to 1879, when he was sent to the Church of the Immaculate Conception at Atlanta, Ga, and remained there two and a half years. Then he returned to Washington, Ga., and was in charge of St. Joseph's orphanage until February, 1889, when he was transferred to his present charge at Augusta.

EUGENE J. O'CONNOR, wholesale dealer in wines and liquors, of Augusta,
Ga., was born in the County of Cork, Ireland. His father, Jeremiah, had come to America in 1847, settling at the city of Augusta, Ga., and in 1858 was
joined by the son, who attended school there until his enlistment in the army of the Confederate States of America. In January, 1862, he joined the Rich
mond Hussars, Cobb's legion, rose to the rank of sergeant and laid down his
arms at the surrender of Greensboro, N. C. During his service Mr. O'Connor was an active participant in the battles of seven days arcund Richmond; Brandy
Station, where he was severely wounded; Upperville, Va., Sharpsburg, Second Manassas, WilHamsport; Little Washington, Va., where he received a saber cut;
Gettysburg, where he was badly wounded and disabled for five months; Peters burg, and Bentonville, N. C. After the close of hostilities Mr. O'Connor, who
was in the cavalry service, traded his horse for a mule, riding to his home in Augusta and selling the mule for $90, which he paid as rental for a small place in which he conducted a general grocery store. After sixteen months had elapsed
he removed to larger quarters on Broad street, in the heart of Augusta, having as a partner at that time John C. Galvin. In 1870 he entered the employ of John
W. Bessman, wholesale liquor dealer, as manager, remaining with him ten years.
In 1880 the firm of Reab & O'Connor was formed, in 1884 the title of the house became Reab, O'Connor & Bailey, and in 1886 it was changed to O'Connor & Bailey. In 1890 Mr. O'Connor assumed the sole control and has
conducted the business alone up to this time. He is a member of the Roman Catholic church, and is very prominently identified with the educational inter
ests of the city of Augusta, having been for twenty years a member of the board
of education of that city. Nearly all those years he has been a member of the com mittee on finance, and it is safe to say that probably no one in the municipality
has exerted a greater and better influence in school matters. Mr. O'Connor is also a member of the Confederate Survivors' association of Richmond county,
vice-president of the Richmond County Belt Line railroad, of the Murray Hill
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Improvement and Water Supply company; a director of the Augusta Exposition company, of the Irish-American Investment company, of the Real Estate and Investment company and the Augusta Savings bank. Thus it will be seen that he is bound up with the interests of the city of Augusta, and is altogether a public-spirited citizen. He was married in 1868 to Margaret McGarran of Augusta, a union which has been blessed by the birth of three lovely daughters, all of whom survive, viz.: Mary M., Margaret, and Julia.

DATRICK JOSEPH O'CONNOR, sheriff of Richmond county, Ga., was bom in County Mayo, Ireland, in January, 1846. His father, Edward O'Connor,
also a native of the land of the shamrock, is now, in 1895, in his ninety-ninth year, and still resides in County Mayo, which has been the local habitation of the O'Connor family for several centuries. Patrick Joseph O'Connor emigrated to the United States in his twentieth year, landing at New York, in which city he was engaged in business for a few months. He then came to the city of Augusta, Ga., and began clerking in a dry goods establishment, which position he filled
most creditably until 1872. Removing to the town of Sparta, county seat of Hancock, he operated a general merchandise business there for eight years, at the end of that time returning to Augusta, where he carried on a general grocery store, until his election as sheriff of Richmond county, in 1888. He has been successively re-elected as sheriff of his county every term since his first and holds that office at this time. Mr. O'Connor has also held other positions of trust and honor, serving as councilman from the Fifth ward of the city of Augusta for six years. As a member of the city council he took high rank, being a member of the finance committee, chairman of the appropriations committee for two years, and chairman of the committee on streets and drains from 1889 to 1892. Patrick J. O'Connor was married in 1872 to Miss Mary E., daughter of the late M. P. Murray, a prominent citizen of Augusta, and that union has been blessed by the birth of several children, of whom five are now in life, viz.: John Joseph, Anna Kate, Thomas Henry, Mary Ellen and Mattie.

I EOXARD PHIXIZY, one of the more prominent attorneys of Augusta, Ga., was born in that city, on the exact site of his present law office, Dec. 22, 1854.
He is the third child and son of Ferdinand and Harriet H. (Bowdre) Phinizy. Ferdinand Phinizy was born on the old family plantation at Bowling Green, Oglethorpe Co., Ga., Jan. 20, 1819, being the eldest son and child of Jacob Phinizy and Matilda Stewart The family of Jacob Phinizy consisted of Ferdi nand, the eldest; Sarah, Margaret, Marco, Jacob and John. Sarah married John M. Billups of Columbus, Miss., and died in that city during the eventful days of the late war. Margaret, the second daughter, was wedded to Col. T. D. Lockhardt, of Nashville, Tenn., and departed this life in the city of Atlanta, Ga.: Jacob fell on the field of Manassas, gallantly leading the Oglethorpe rifles, of which he was captain--a part of the famous Eighth Georgia regiment, that Beauregard saluted for heroic conduct and unparalleled bravery; John died at his home in north Alabama a few years since, a faithful, Christian man; and Marco, the last of that family, remains at the residence of his late lamented brother, Ferdinand, in the city of Athens, Ga., an old man awaiting with calm resignation the call of the Master. Each of these children bore the name of some dead relative, Ferdinand being called after his paternal grandfather. The boyhood of Ferdinand Phinizy was spent at Bowling Green, attending the schools of his native county. When still a mere lad his father moved to Athens, where Ferdinand was entered as a student in Franklin college (now university of

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Georgia). For three years he pursued his studies at that.venerable institution and was graduated with honor in the class of 1838. Leaving the university he passed a few years on his father's farm at Bowling Green, overlooking the paternal
interests there but the Georgia railroad being then in process of construction
from Augusta to Athens, he obtained the contract to grade the first eleven miles of the road from Athens. This work he prosecuted to a successful completion, and may be said to have achieved here his first business success. Soon afterward he moved to the city of Augusta, where he had numerous relatives, and formed a co-partnership with Edward P. Cayton, an old college classmate, and engaged in the cotton trade. The firm of Phinizy & Clayton soon became one of the largest and best known in the south. This firm dissolving by mutual consent after some years of prosperous life, he took with him, as partners, his two kinsmen, Charles
H. Phinizy and Joseph M. Burdell, and established the cotton house of F. Phinizy & Co.; this was the style and name of the firm when he retired from active business, but, up to the day of his death, he was connected in some way with the cotton houses of C. H. Phinizy & Co., F. B. Phinizy, and Phinizy & Co. He was for many years a director and leading spirit in the Georgia railroad and Banking
company, an organization he always loved, and in whose safety he had absolute reliance. He was a director also in the Atlanta & West Point Railroad company, the Augusta & Savannah railroad, the Northeastern railroad of Georgia, the Augusta factory, the Southern Express company, the Bank of the University, and the Southern Mutual Insurance company, Athens, and a trustee of the university of Georgia. Ferdinand Phinizy did not enter the Confederate armies in the struggle of 1861-65, DUt served the cause he loved well, ably and honorably, as the financial agent of the Confederate government As such, he successfully handled large amounts of cotton that ran the blockade of Union war vessels, and succeeded in floating large blocks of Confederate bonds. He lost heavily by the failure of the Confederate arms. He was married on Feb. 22, 1849, to Harriet H., the only child of Hayes Bowdre, a well-known citizen of Augusta. He was thirty and his
wife twenty when they began life together, and he is quoted to have remarked that to this lady was due much of his success in life, as it was she who counseled him in many undertakings that proved of great benefit in the end. For four teen years they lived a life of perfect happiness and harmony. On Feb. 7, 1863, his wife died, leaving as the fruit of that perfect union eight children, viz.: Ferdi
nand Bowdre (deceased); Stewart, Leonard, Mary Louise (now Mrs. Dr. A. W. Calhoun of Atlanta), Jacob, Marion Daniel, Billups and Harry Hays. On Aug. II, 1865, he was married the second time to Annie S., the second daughter of Thomas Barrett and Savannah Glascock, of Augusta. This union resulted in the birth of three children: Savannah Barrett (deceased); Barrett and Charles Henry. Though probably the wealthiest citizen of Georgia at the time of his death, Ferdinand Phinizy was not an ostentatious man. His manners were simple,
cordial and unaffected. Essentially a man of sentiment, he loved and treasured everything that came down to him from the dead past The place where he was
born and reared, he kept up as long as he lived, and before he died, entailed it, as far as the law permits, upon his eldest son, and his son after him. The house in which he won anfl wooed his fair young bride, and where his younger married life was spent, he gave to his only daughter and charged her to forever maintain it, as it was the home of her mother. The watch he wore was the one his mother had fastened to his side when he began life for himself. To outsiders, Ferdinand Phinizy never spoke of his forefathers, but there were rare occasions in the family circle and around his own hearthstone, when he would tell his
children much of those who had preceded them. He was proud of his paternal grandfather--the Italian refugee--who landed penniless upon American shores,

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and by indomitable will and persevering industry built up a large fortune. This gentleman, marrying Margaret Condow, reared a family of three sons and two daughters: Jacob, the father of Ferdinand; Marco, the father of John F. Phinizy; John, the father of Charles H. Phinizy; Sarah, who married Thomas Burdell, and Eliza, who married Thomas McGrau of Mobile. Jacob Phinizy, the father of Ferdinand, married Matilda Stewart, the daughter of Gen. John B. Stewart of Virginia, who settled in Georgia after the revolution, and who won his title in that struggle. The wife of Gen. Stewart, Ferdinand Phinizy's maternal grand mother, was Mourning Floyd of Virginia, an aunt of John B. Floyd, secretary of war under President Buchanan, and an aunt also of John C. Breckinridge of Kentuck}-. On both his paternal and his maternal sides, therefore, Ferdinand Phin izy belonged to the best families of Virginia and Georgia. The death of Ferdi nand Phinizy occurred in Athens, Ga., on Oct. 20, 1889. Like his life, his end was calm and peaceful; he had faith in the power of the Savior; he trusted implicitly; he was prepared and ready and willing to go. The best of fathers, the kindest and most generous of men; the stanchest friend man ever had; an honest, truthful, sincere man was dead. By the gently flowing waters of the Oconee, typical of that bright river he had already crossed, the mortal remains were tenderly laid to rest. A prince, indeed, had fallen that day in Israel. Leonard Phinizy, third son of Ferdinand, was reared and received his primary education in the city of Augusta, and was graduated with distinction from the university of Georgia, Athens, with the degree of Bachelor of Arts, in 1872. He taught school in Watkinsville, Oconee Co., Ga., in 1873, one year later entering the law school of Cumberland university at Lebanon, Tenn., and was graduated from that institution in 1875. In October of that year he began the practice of law in the city of Augusta and has continued uninterruptedly and very successfully in that profession up to the present time. Mr. Phinizy has never held any public office and, like his father, cares nothing for political preferment, choosing rather to devote his time and talents to his large law practice and to the supervision of his extensive business interests in various corporations. He is at this time vice-president of the Georgia Railroad bank, the Augusta Gas company, member of the lessee board of the Georgia Railroad company, and general counsel for the Augusta Southern Rail road company. He was happily married on April 10, 1878, to Annie E., daughter of the late Robert Martin of Charleston, and this union has been an ideally happy one. He ranks high in his profession, and is considered one of Augusta's most conservative and soundest business men. In character and conduct he resembles his illustrious father; possessed of great ability, indomitable will, and neverflagging energy, wonderful success awaits him in the legal and commercial world.
QHARLES H. PHINIZY, president of the Georgia Railroad bank, Augusta, Ga., was born on Jan. 15,1835, on what is known as the Eve plantation, a few
miles from the city of Augusta, and is a son of John and Martha (Creswell) Phinizy. He received his earlier education at home until his preparation for col lege, when he entered the university of Georgia, graduating from that institution in 1853. He afterward took a course of scientific study under D. H. Mahan, professor of engineering at the United States Military academy at West Point. For some two or three years thereafter, Mr. Phinizy was employed as a civil engineer during the construction of the Blue Ridge railroad. At the beginning of the civil war he entered the Confederate service as first lieutenant of Company B, Tenth Georgia regiment of infantry, but was soon thereafter trans ferred to the adjutant-general's department and assigned to duty under Brig.Gen. Alfred Cummings. In the consolidation of regiments in 1865, he was com missioned as colonel of the Thirty-ninth Georgia regiment, and held that position

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at the close of the war. He served in the battles of Williamsburg, Seven Pines, Malvern Hill, Sharpsburg, siege of Vicksburg, Hood's campaign in Tennessee, Missionary Ridge, Jonesboro, Powder Springs Road, Bennettsville, and in innumerable smaller engagements, and surrendered at Greensboro, N. C. After
the close of the war, Col. Phinizy in the fall of 1865 embarked in the cotton fac torage business in Augusta, which he successfully conducted until 1879, when he rttired from that line of business. In the meantime he had become largely inter ested in railroad operation and construction, and soon after his retirement from the cotton business, in 1879, was elected president of the Georgia railroad and of the Georgia Railroad and Banking company. He remained as president of the Georgia railroad until it was leased, in May, 1881, since which time he has been one of the six commissioners who have general charge of the road. Mr. Phinizy is still president of the banking company, a position he has filled most creditably to himself and to the entire satisfaction of the stockholders and directors of that institution. In 1882 he was elected president of the Augusta factory, but after holding that position five years resigned. In July, 1888, he was elected president of the Atlanta & West Point Railroad company, and held that position until Sept. 4, 1894, when the offices of president and general manager were consoli dated and he retired from the directory of that corporation Referring to his retirement from this position, "The Atlanta Journal," leading afternoon paper of the south, says: "The retirement of President Charles H. Phinizy of the Atlanta & West Point railroad and the Western railroad of Alabama, was announced in yesterday's 'Journal.' This gentleman is known as one of the most successful railroad officials in the south. Under his control, the line between Atlanta and Montgomery has made a record which can hardly be matched. It is one of the few railroads in the south which has escaped a receivership. During the past two years of general depression this road has done a prosperous business and declared handsome dividends regularly. During the past twelve months it has increased both its gross and its net earnings. This is not true of any other railroad in the United States. The record which Mr. Phinizy leaves is highly creditable, and his late associates hate to part with him. Besides his large interest in the corporation before mentioned, Mr. Phinizy is a director in the Central Railroad and Banking company of Georgia, the Port Royal & Augusta railroad, the Port Royal & Western Carolina railroad, the Western railroad of Alabama, and the Augusta factory. During the Augusta National exposition, Col. Phinizy was first vice-president of that enterprise, and by his personal efforts largely con tributed to its success. As a business man, Col. Phinizy's course has been marked by rare success. He is conservative, possesses excellent judgment and a very
high degree of administrative ability; and his ventures have all been in the line of legitimate trade and commerce. His success has been won by fair and honor able methods and he possesses in the highest degree the respect and confidence of the people of Augusta, where the entire years of his life have been passed, and where few names are better known than his own. While a thorough business man, in the best sense of the term, he is sociable and affable in disposition, and in liis home dispenses a hospitality typical of the true southern gentlemen." Col. Phinizy was married in 1885, to the widow of F. B. Phinizy, and a daughter of Col. B. C. Yancey of Georgia. That union has been an ideally happy one.
CTEWART PHINIZY, a prominent cotton factor of Augusta, Ga., was born in that city on Nov. 23, 1854, being the eldest son of Ferdinand and Harriet'H.
(Bowdre) Phinizy. Ferdinand Phinizy, of whom a sketch appears in this volume,
was a native of Bowling Green, Ogletiiorpe Co., Ga. He was a man of immense wealth and was very charitable and liberal, especially to the church. Harriet H.

MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.
(Bowdre) Phinizy was born in the city of Augusta, Ga., in 1820. She was the only child of Hayes Bowdre, a well-known citizen of Augusta. Ferdinand Phinizy died in the city of Athens, Ga, on Oct. 20, 1889, and Harriet H. (Bowdre) Phinizy died on Feb. 7,1863. They were buried side by side in Oconee cemetery, Athens, Ga. Stewart Phinizy was educated in the schools of Augusta and in Franklin college, now the university of Georgia, at Athens. He came to Augusta in 1871 and clerked for some time in the house of Phinizy & Co., but during the year following entered the firm of Phinizy & Co., cotton factors, with which he is still connected. The present house was originally founded as F. Phinizy & Co., then became C. H. Phinizy & Co., and then F. B. Phinizy & Co. The present title of Phinizy & Co. was assumed in 1877, the copartners then being Jacob Phinizy, Stewart Phinizy and James Tobin. In January, 1893, Mr. Jacob Phinizy with drew, and the business has been continued to this time by the remaining members of the firm. In 1887 Mr. Phinizy became president of the Augusta factory, a model establishment of 827 looms and 27442 spindles. Stewart Phinizy was happily married in 1876 to Miss Coles, a daughter of J. S. Coles, of Columbia, S. C, and a granddaughter of the late Gov. Pickens of that state. This union, which has proven an ideally happy one, has been blessed by the birth of two sons, Ferdinand and Coles, and four daughters, Eliza P., Marie S., Louise C. and Izaetta.
EDWARD PLATT, undertaker and embalmer of Augusta, Ga., was born in that city on Jan. 21, 1853. His father, Charles Adolphus Platt, was a native of New York, and his mother, Elizabeth (Platt) Platt, was a native of Con necticut The subject of this sketch was educated in the city of Augusta by private tutors and at the Richmond County academy. In 1870 he went into busi ness with his father, who, up to the date of his death in 1889, had conducted a furniture business for fifty-three years. In 1872 W. E. Platt went to Stuttgart, Germany, and was engaged there in the study of his business for two years. Returning to Augusta, he again entered business with his father and remained with him until his death, since then conducting the business alone. In 1882 Mr. Platt was made chief of the old volunteer fire department of Augusta and served four years, when it was abolished. He was, also, very active in the organization of the present paid department of Augusta. He was elected a member of the common council of Augusta from the second ward in 1892 and now serves as chairman of the hospital committee, also a member of the committee on ceme teries, arbitration, charity, engines, lamps and police. After the close of the war between the states he was elected honorary sergeant for life of the Clinch rifles, a prominent volunteer military organization of Augusta. He is a member of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows and of the grand lodge of Knights of Pythias; was district deputy for three years and is chancellor of Fountain City lodge No. 35, of Augusta. He is also connected with the Red Men and the B. P. O. Elks, and was one of the founders and the first president of the Funeral Directors' asso ciation of Georgia. Mr. Platt is a consistent member of the Episcopal church, in whose mission work he is greatly interested. He was happily married in Septem ber, 1876, to Miss Essie, daughter of the late Thaddeus Davids, of New York city, the oldest manufacturer of inks in the United States.
LION. CHARLES A. ROBBE, who now represents the Eighteenth district in the senate of Georgia, was born in Hancock, N. H., Nov. 10, 1833. At about
twenty years of age he removed to Savannah, Ga., where he remained a short time, thence removed to Augusta and engaged as superintendent of construction

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of gas works at various points throughout Georgia and Tennessee. In the au tumn of 1860 he entered the plumbing business in the city of Augusta, which busi ness was continued until the beginning of the war between the states. Enlisting as a private in Company C, Forty-eighth Georgia infantry, on Feb. 28, 1862, he
was rapidly promoted, being made sergeant a few weeks later, first lieutenant in March, 1863, and captain during the autumn of the next year, which rank he held at the surrender of Appomattox court house. Capt. Robbe was an active
participant in the first battle of Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, second Fredericksburg and Gettysburg, where he received a severe wound in the neck and shoulder on the second day, in the assault on Cemetery hill. About three months later, before his wound had entirely healed, he rejoined his company at Mine Run and remained with it until the surrender, being in command at the battles of the Wilderness, Spottsylvania, North Anna Ford and Games' Mill. In making reconnoisance in front of Petersburg, on June 22, 1864, he was shot in the left arm, but rejoined his command the following September, and was in the battles of Petersburg and Farmville, Va. After the close of hostilities he returned to Augusta and engaged in the manufacture of artificial ice for one year, resuming the plumbing and heating business in 1866, which business he has successfully
carried on since, and is now one of the best known and most extensive houses of its kind in the south. A complete equipment of modern and improved tools are available, and often the force of hands employed averages fifty wprk-people, many of whom are skilled artisans. Mr. Robbe also has a drain and sewer pipe factory in Augusta and manufactures a very high grade of product. He has executed many notable contracts in steam heating and plumbing, having fur nished the steam heating plant of the Georgia state lunatic asylum at Milledgeville, hot water heating apparatus to the Georgia Normal and Industrial college, also at Milledgeville, steam heat for the Aiken institute, South Carolina, and to the Chatham county jail, Savannah, Ga. Charles A. Robbe was also very prominent in the reorganization of the Augusta Ice company, of which he was a director and is now a stockholder. He also erected the first ice plant ever established in the city of Augusta, which is now in operation. In 1860 he became a member of the
old volunteer fire department of Augusta, was made chief in 1876, atid retired, on breaking his ankle, in 1884. Probably no man ever connected with the volun teer fire department of Augusta, which was acknowledged one of the most efficient in the Union, has ever achieved more popularity than "Chug" Robbe, and he is to-day, ten years after his retirement from active service, familiarly known as "Chief." So high does he stand in public esteem that he was elected, in 1882, to the lower house of the legislature of Georgia, running some 500 ahead of the demo cratic ticket. In 1884 he was re-elected and was made chairman of the committee on manufactures and served as second member of the committee on finance. Dur ing that session of the house of representatives he introduced a bill to encourage
direct trade and immigration. He declined to be a candidate for the next term. In 1892 he was chosen to represent the Eighteenth district in the Georgia senate, serving as chairman of the committees on public schools, sanitation and hygiene, and as a member of the committees on military, corporations, finance, lunatic asy lum and academy for the blind. He was also chairman of the special committee of the senate which introduced and secured the passage of the bill appropriating $100,000 for the building of the new lunatic asylum at Milledgeville, Ga. Mr. Robbe is president of the board of commissioners of the Richmond county Reform atory institute, and has evinced a very profound interest in the work of that institution. He is a Knight Templar Mason and has been for many years a member of the Sovereign grand lodge, Independent Order of Odd Fellows, and

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is connected with the Benevolent Order of Elks. He was for two years chancellor commander of Vigilant lodge No. 2, Knights of Pythias, and organized the endow
ment rank of that order in the city of Augusta, was elected deputy grand chan cellor for the state of Georgia, but declined to serve. He is also prominently connected with the local chapter of the Knights of Honor, and is an attendant of St. Paul's Episcopal church of Augusta. Mr. Robbe was married in 1867 to
Miss Mary A., daughter of the late John Reaney, a prominent citizen of Augusta, and that union has been blessed by the birth of two bright sons, viz.: Frank A. and Charles A., Jr.

J-JEXRY C. ROXEY, judge of the superior court, Augusta circuit, was born in Warren county, Ga., Dec. 31, 1845. His father, Thomas Roney, was a native
of Georgia, a planter all his long and useful life, and died in 1860. The son,
Henry C., was reared and edticated in the county of his birth, and in 1861 enlisted in Company H of the Seventy-second Georgia regiment, Gen. A. R. Wright's brigade, Anderson division, A. P. Hill's corps, army of northern Vir ginia. He served as a private in the ranks until the battle of Petersburg, Va.,
June 23,1864, when he received a wound so severe that he was rendered incapable of service during the remaining portion of the war. Judge Roney was, however,
an active participant in the following battles: Second Manassas, Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, Spottsylvania court house, the battles around Richmond and in many minor skirmishes. After the close of hostilities, Judge Roney, finding all
his property swept away, taught school in Warren and Columbia counties for about eighteen months: then entered the university of Georgia, at Athens, from which institution he was graduated with the degree B. A., in 1870. Immediately after his graduation he began the practice of law at Thompson, McDuffie Co., Ga., having been admitted to the bar at Sparta. Hancock Co., in the fall of 1870. He sedulously pursued his profession at Thompson until 1882, when he was ck-cted judge of the superior court of the Augusta circuit, and has retained that scat to the present time. Judge Roney was elected a. member of the state house of representatives in 1878 from Richmond county, and re-elected to the same position in 1880, sen-ing ably on the committees of general judiciary and cor porations. He is a consistent member of the Baptist church and.was married Dec. 16. 1873, to Miss Bettie V., daughter of Obadiah Florence, a prominent citizen of
Glennville. Ala.

JUDGE JOHN" T. SHEWMAKE was born in Burke county, Ga., at the old
family plantation, on Jan. 22, 1826. He studied at home until he became eighteen years of age and then entered the college of New Jersey, at Princeton, where he remained one year. Returning to his home in Burke county, Ga., he
entered the law school of Judge William T. Gould, at Augusta, and after a law course of one year, he was admitted to the bar at Augusta, Judge W. W. Holt, presiding. Immediately after his admission he located at Waynesboro, county seat of Burke, ami eniered actively and successfully upon the practice of his chosen profession, but desiring a wider field for the exercise of his talents, he removed to the city of Augusta and continued in the practice there until the
commencement of the civil war, when he was elected a member of the Confederate
states" congress and served in that capacity until 1865. After the close of the war he resumed the practice of law in Augusta, which he continued until his retirement in 1865. In 1874 Judge Shewmake was made the president of the lx)ard of education of Augusta, then newly created, and held that office five vears. when he was elected a member of the Georgia senate and served two
terms, declining further re-election. In 1851 Jdge Shewmake was married to

RICHMOND COUNTY SKETCHES.
Miss Lizzie P., daughter of Henry P. Jones of Burke county, Ga., and that union was blessed by the birth of eight children, all of whom, save one, survive. Burke, the eldest son, was married to Miss Alice, the second daughter of John M. Clarke of Augusta. Of the two daughters of John T. and Lizzie P. (Jones) Shewmake, the elder married James Whitehead of Warrentown, Ga., and they have at this time six children. The younger daughter married P. P. Johnson of Waynesboro, Ga., and they have four children. Judge John T. Shewmake was decidedly a man of much prominence in Georgia politics and an acknowledged leader at the bar. His children have, in a great measure, inherited that strength of character and force of soul which made their father illustrious, and they command the respect and earn the esteem of all with whom they are thrown in contact.
gURKE SHEWMAKE, eldest son of Judge John T. and Lizzie P. (Jones) Shewmake, was born in the city of Augusta, Ga., June 16, 1859. He studied
at home until twelve years of age and then attended the private school of Prof. J. Alma Petot, in the city of Augusta, two years later becoming a student at the old Richmond academy, at Augusta, from which he was graduated, in 1876, with the degree of Bachelor of Arts. He then attended the Virginia Military institute, at which institution he made a most remarkable record, never receiving a mark of discredit as a cadet, and was graduated, with rank of adjutant, in the course of Bachelor of Arts. Returning to Augusta, Ga., he immediately entered the employ of Z. McCord, the largest grocery house in that city, as chief clerk and occasion ally acted as traveling salesman. He remained in the employ of Mr. McCord for five years, resigning at the end of that time in order to organize the firm of Beane, Shewmake & Savage. Three years later he withdrew from that firm and organized the firm of Moore & Shewmake, which continued until the organization of the present firm of Shewmake Bros., three years later. The present firm conducts quite an extensive business and commands a generous patronage among the citizens of Augusta and vicinity. Burke Shewmake, senior member of the firm, is major of the Sixth Georgia regiment, volunteers, and has received the third degree of masonry.
14 ON. GEORGE ROYAL SIBLEY, deceased. As a citizen and public man, the record of the late Hon. George R. Sibley of Augusta, Ga., is worthy of nil
the praise and honor which man can bestow on man. His ability was universally acknowledged, and he was known and loved by all. Born and reared in Augusta, he made that city his home for nearly fifty years, and in business matters and public affairs he was ever regarded as a leader and a sound adviser. Successful in private affairs, he was even more successful in the public trusts which he was often called to administer. Full of public spirit and enterprise, the friend of the struggling young man and of the children, George R. Sibley easily took rank as the foremost citizen of Augusta. In the home circle, in the great world of business, he was esteemed and beloved for his grandeur of character and the spotless purity of his life. The most touching incident, probably, in the entire life of this nobleman of God was his connection, as president, of the Augusta Orphan asylum. His visits, almost daily, to that charity were hailed with en thusiasm by the childish inmates, and the great love and charity he there dispensed were as lavish and substantial as they were beautiful. He treated the young orphans as he would his own little ones and completely won their love and respect. His beloved wife and children idolized him as husband and father, his own brothers and sisters regarded him as a leader and counselor, and his aged and honored father rejoiced in the achievements of so noble a son. George R.

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Sibley was born in the city of Augusta, Ga., on June 19, 1839, an^ passed the full term of his useful life in that community. At an early age he gave decided evidence of that strong will and resolute determination to succeed which, in after
years, was so abundantly illustrated by the places of honor and trust he filled to the entire satisfaction of his constituency. Beginning his manhood with the benefits of the liberal education he had received from the old Richmond academy and Yale college, New Haven. Conn., where he secured second honor, he chose mercantile affairs in preference to any of the professions, and became in all that characterizes such a calling, a model of wisdom, sound judgment and commercial honor. Mr. Sibley was happily married during his twenty-second year, on Jan.
21, 1862, to Miss Emma, the lovely and highly accomplished daughter of Judge Daniel R. Tucker, a leading and prominent citizen of Baldwin county, Ga. Soon after he began his business career in Augusta, Mr. Sibley attracted the attention of the business talent of that municipality. His thorough knowledge of men, his firm, yet courteous demeanor, his extended information in reference to improved business methods, his industry and close attention, soon attracted not only the endorsement of his associates, but marked him in the eyes of the public as a citizen upon whom distinction as well as wealth could be worthily bestowed. The
natural results of such a disposition, combined with such talents and qualities of head and heart, were soon witnessed by his friends and neighbors in the rapidity with which wealth and public duties came to him. Many years ago, when the enterprise of Augusta's merchants found a substantial exhibition in the organiza tion of the exchange, he willingly became a charter member and was several times called to the presidency of that body, in whose prosperity he felt a profound interest, manifested by judicious counsel and pecuniary aid whenever either was required. It may be declared without reflection upon the living, that the memory of the dead holds high place in the history and progress of what to-day is a fitting monument of the liberal and public spirit which actuated his life and conduct. When the war between the states called for defenders of the south, Mr.
Sibley entered the Confederate army as a private, in 1862, and was subsequently made quartermaster-sergeant, sen-ing until the war closed. In 1877, when the people of Georgia called to their assistance the intelligence and manhood of the state, to prepare a fundamental law in keeping with the needs of the hour, he went into the deliberations of the constitutional convention as one of the delegates from his district, fully armed to meet all the necessities of the occasion; and the record of its labors will demonstrate that his practical sense, firm judgment and progressive spirit found expression in many of its provisions. And when the constitution received the endorsement of the people he was called to the halls of the general assembly as a representative from Richmond county to enforce its requirements by appropriate legislation. In the matter of public education he was fully abreast of the most advanced thought on that important subject, and he placed himself in sympathy with the cause, exhibiting a vigor and zeal which tired not, even to the moment of his sudden taking off. He was for several terms the distinguished president of the board, and gave, as the system needed it, the amplest proof of how near to his large and generous heart was the education of the masses. Nor did bis restless purpose to serve his day and generation cease with these important offices of public service. The homeless and the orphan found ready sympathy and substantial help at his hands, and when he accepted a call, unanimously made, to the presidency of the Augusta Orphan asylum, he entered upon a work most congenial, and to which he brought a liberal mind, coupled with a tender heart. The orphans miss his regular visits, in which he was ever the bearer of kind words and attractive gifts that made gladness come to the little ones whose pleasures follow from footsteps of the good and charitable. In

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municipal affairs he ever felt a deep concern and interested himself in all matters which tended to promote the advance of the city's welfare. As chairman of the finance committee of the council he rendered valuable service in promoting the credit of the municipality at a time when the utmost care was needed to protect its good name and credit, and enjoyed the satisfaction of seeing its bonds become a much-sought for security in the markets of the country at a price that indicated a financial strength most desirable. In the membership of the Presbyterian church, and as one of the most constant contributors to all the good works in which it is
engaged, he came up to the full stature of a Christian man, and while the charities of his right hand were carefully concealed from the knowledge of his left, the blessings which follow them rise up to-day in eloquent commendation of the generous giver, who sought not applause so much as he did the relief of suffering and want. He was a valued counselor in the board of directors of the Augusta factory and National Exchange bank and filled most acceptably the high and responsible position of president of the First National bank, whose interests under his care and guidance were well protected, while at the same time the accommo dations afforded the public were constantly enlarged. His administration of the duties of this and other offices, though well and faithfully performed, did not prevent proper attention to a large private business, the successful management
of which commanded the best of care and talent. In the very meridian of his mental and physical manhood, on July 15, 1887, he died in the faith of his fathers and entered into the rest promised the faithful. The death of George R. Sibley was felt throughout the city of Augusta, and his late associates in business commemorated his death in a most fitting manner. The Augusta exchange passing the following resolutions unanimously: "Resolved, By the Augusta exchange, that in the death of Hon. George R. Sibley, this organization has sus tained the loss of one of its most valued members, and the people of Augusta and of Georgia a citizen whose record of official and private worth should, and will be held in grateful remembrance. Resolved second, That in common with all our people who hold in loving recognition the many evidences of public spirit, generous nature and business qualities he possessed, we tender to his bereaved family our profound condolence. Resolved third, That this memorial be entered upon the minutes of the exchange, a copy framed and hung upon its walls, a copy furnished to the family of the deceased and published in the news papers of the city." The directors of the National Exchange bank also offered this tribute of respect: "In commemoration of the many virtues of the lamented president of this bank, whose sudden and untimely death removes from this board a wise counselor, upright man and trusted executive, Resolved, That this board, as a tribute of respect, expresses its profound sorrow upon the demise of Mr. George R. Sibley, the honored and faithful president of this institution. Resolved further, That the board tenders its sympathies to the grief-stricken family who mourn the death of father, son and husband. Resolved further, That
a page in the minute book be inscribed with these resolutions and a copy be furnished to his family; also, that the same be published in each of our daily
papers."
\X7ILLIAM CRAPON SIBLEY, president of the Sibley Manufacturing comVV pany of Augusta, Ga., was born in that city May 3, 1832. He is the ninth in lineal descent from John Sibley of St Albans, Hertfordshire, England, who in 1629 settled in Salem, and later in Charlestown, Mass. His father, Josiah Sibley, of Uxbridge, Mass., removed to Augusta, Ga., in 1821, and died there in 1888. His mother was Sarah Ann, daughter of William Crapon of Providence, R. I.

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MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

Although prepared for college at the age of sixteen, he clerked in the general store of his father, at Hamburg, S. C, continuing in that capacity for five years, when he was made a partner. In 1856 the cotton and commission house of J. Sibley & Son was formed in Augusta, Ga.; his brother, Samuel H., being added two years later, the style of the firm was changed to Josiali Sibley & Sons. He was elected a member of the city council of Augusta in 1859, and served two years. In November, 1861, he enlisted as a private in Company B, Oglethorpe infantry, Georgia state troops, and served for six months on the coast; the regiment of which he was a member was discharged, the term of enlistment having expired. Then joining the Oglethorpe artillery, he was made quarter master-sergeant, and six weeks later commissary, with the rank of captain, of Gen. John K. Jackson's brigade. Joining Bragg's army at Tupelo, Miss., he served throughout the Kentucky campaign, remaining with that branch of the army until the retreat to Dalton, when he was retired on account of broken health. In November, 1865, at New Orleans, La., he formed the shipping and commission firm of Sibley, Guion & Co., which was dissolved in 1867, M*"- Sibley doing business there alone until the spring of 1870, when he returned to Augusta, Ga., to accept the presidency of the Langley Cotton Manufacturing company of South Carolina, with its main office in Augusta, Ga.; also forming the cotton firm of Dunbar & Sibley of Augusta, Ga., which was dissolved in 1877. In 1880 he was made president of the Sibley Manufacturing company of Augusta, manufacturing colored and other goods, which now has in operation 40,256 spindles, and 1,109 looms. In 1889 he resigned the presidency of the Langley Manufacturing company in order to devote his entire attention to the Sibley mills. Among the cotton-mill presidents of the south none surpass him in successful administra tion. His great factories are patterns of successful management, and are among the best in the land. He has, however, other extensive business interests that claim a portion of his time, being president of the Coaldale Brick & Tile company of Alabama, of the Warrior Coal & Coke company, also of Alabama; the Round Mountain Coal & Iron company of Alabama, and is a director of the Commercial bank of Augusta. In all personal and social excel lencies, Mr. Sibley is a model citizen. He was happily married, in November, 1860, to Jane E., daughter of the late Judge Grigsby E. Thomas of Columbus, Ga. This union, which has proven an ideally happy one, has been blessed by the birth of six sons and three daughter, seven of whom are still living, who nobly uphold the family name in the several communities in which they reside. Jane E. (Thomas) Sibley, his wife, is the foremost among the temperance crusaders of Georgia, having been president of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union of her state for many years, and by her noble traits and Christian influence has led her devoted husband to become an active elder in the Presbyterian church.

. JEREMIAH T. SMITH, of the firm of Baker & Smith, cotton factors and commission merchants, Augusta, Ga., was born in Columbia Co., Ga., March 12, 1850. He received his primary education in the county of his birth, attended Mercer university, then located at Penfield, Ga., and was graduated from that institution in 1870, also graduating the same year from the Eastman Business college, Poughkeepsie, N. Y. Returning to his home in Columbia county, he taught school at Appling, the county seat, for one year; was elected county school commissioner of that county, and held that office twenty-one consecutive years. He resigned his office in 1893 in order to engage in the cotton business in Augusta. Capt Smith has never, however, given up his agricultural interests, and still culti vates the family homestead in Columbia county, Ga. He still has in his employ

RICHMOND COUNTY SKETCHES.
the old slaves and their children owned by his father in ante-bellum days. Capt. Smith is a consistent and a prominent member of the Baptist church. He was happily married in Augusta, Ga., Sept. n, 1872, to Miss Moragne, and this union has been blessed by the birth of five children, viz.: Louise Moragne, Ruth Blanton, Ella Butler, Roberta Fleming, and Cecil. Mrs. Smith is a niece of Col. John Moragne, who was killed in the Mexican war, and a niece, also, of Gen. William Moragne, a gallant soldier in that war. The father of Capt. Jeremiah T. Smith was born in Savannah, Ga., in 1789. He was a soldier in the war of 1812, anfl died in 1874 at the ripe age of eighty-five years. He was a farmer throughout his long and useful life.
F)R. JOSEPH HENRY SPEARS, one of the leading cotton factors of Augusta, Ga., was born in the county of Washington, this state, on Aug. 10, 1833, being
the second son and child born to Francis and Mary (Malpass) Spears. Francis Spears, a native of France, migrated to America when a youth, was merchant all his long and active life, lived in the city of Augusta for many years, and died there in 1850. Mary (Malpass) Spear was a native of Washington county, Ga. On her marriage there were born to her several sons and daughters, all of whom are now living, viz.: Madison L., William E., Frank, and Catharine E., and Savan nah, relict of the late A. A. Beall, of Augusta, Ga. Mary (Malpass) Spears de parted this life in the city of Augusta in 1875, aged sixty years, loved and respected by all who knew her. Both husband and wife died in St John's church, of which they had been consistent members for many years. Dr. Joseph Henry Spears, the subject of this sketch, resided in the county of his birth until ten years of age, when he removed to Augusta and attended the old Richmond county academy, thence entering the employ of the general merchandise firm of Spears & Beaufort, where he remained until the death of his father, who was the senior member of that firm, in 1850, and one year thereafter with the firm of Beaufort, Beall & Co., suc cessors to the business. He then began the study of medicine under the tutorage of Dr. A. C. Hart, of Augusta, afterward attending one session at the medical department at the university of Georgia, located at Augusta, and the old Jefferson Medical college, Philadelphia, Penn., from which latter institution he was graduated in 1852. Returning to Philadelphia the following year, he was made resident physician of St. Joseph's hospital in that city, and served in that capacity about twelve months. He then returned to Augusta, and entered actively upon the prac tice of medicine, but not being satisfied with the outlook, he entered in a co-partner ship for the sale of drugs in Augusta, under the firm name of Clark, Wells & Spears. This firm continued in the drug business in Augusta until the outbreak o fthe civil war, Clark and Wells disposing of their interests to Spears & Height, and Spears finally selling to Height. In the spring of 1864 Dr. Spears entered the service of the Confederate states as a member of the Georgia state troops, and proved a very gallant soldier. Prior to the war, however, he had been a lieutenant of militia, and had been extensively engaged in the manufacture of salt by evapora tion, which business was continued under detail by Gen. Cobb for the state troops until the close of hostilities. Dr. Spears is one of the oldest cotton men in the city of Augusta, and his experience during a business career of twenty-eight years is second to none in all matters relating to the fleecy staple. He is a master Mason and is a steward of St. John's Methodist Episcopal church, south, of Augusta. He was happily married in 1863 to Mary G., daughter of the late Robert Warren, a native of the city of Augusta, and that union has been blessed by the birth of three daughters, two of whom are now in life, viz.: Harriet T., the wife of C. Winston Pilcher, of Augusta, and Mary C., the wife of John Oscar Wicker, of Augusta. The third child, Ophelia Joseph, died in infancy, about three months old.

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MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

pATRICK J. SULLIVAN, attorney-at-law, Augusta, Ga., was born in County Kerry, Ireland, Nov. 2,1859, and is a son of John and Helen C. (Daly) Sullivan.
John Sullivan was born in 1830 in Tralee, Ireland, came to the United States, was naturalized, and then returned to the old country for a year or so, and during his visit the subject of this sketch was born, but born an American citizen through the act of his father in having become naturalized. When the state of Louisiana seceded from the Union the father left his wife and infant son with the family in Ireland, and returned to America to cast his lot with the Confederacy. He was in active service
during the entire war, with the exception of a short period spent in the hospital suffering with two gunshot wounds received in the battle of Gettysburg. After the surrender of Lee's army he embarked for Ireland, and accompanied by his wife .and child returned to his adopted home in the latter part of the summer of 1866.
Up to the age of ten the subject of this sketch knew no teacher save his mother, and the succeeding seven years he spent at the private school of the Rev. James T. Easterday, a Presbyterian minister. He began the study of law in 1878 with J. C. C. Black, of Augusta, now congressman from the Tenth district of Georgia, and was admitted to the bar April 21, 1880. He at once entered upon the practice of his profession in all its branches, rising at once to high rank as attorney, being secretary of the judiciary committee of the legislature of 1882, and was the court reporter for the Augusta circuit, retiring from that position in 1889. He is a lawyer by nature, an original thinker and a good speaker, and with a heart full of noble and generous impulses, wins friends wherever he goes. His genial nature renders liim a favorite in the circle in which he moves, and being still young and in vigorous health, there is before him a prospective career of usefulness and distinction which may well be envied. He is an enthusiastic member of the masonic fraternity and
of the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks.

r\R. NEWTON A. TEAGUE, a well-known dentist and a prominent figure in the military circles of Augusta, Ga., was born in the city of Charleston, S. C., Oct
4, 1861. His father, Isaac N. Teague, was a native of South Carolina, and his uncle, Benjamin H., was a soldier in Wade Hampton's legion during the civil war. Early in infancy the subject of this sketch was removed by his parents to Edgefield, S. C., where he remained until ten years of age, when his family removed to Barnwell, S. C., and soon thereafter again removed to the Porter Military aca demy, Charleston, where he remained for four years. In 1882 he was graduated from the university of Maryland in the medical and dental departments, and imme
diately after his graduation he came to Augusta, Ga., and entered actively and suc cessfully upon the practice of dentistry, in which profession he has continued to this time. In 1877 Dr. Teague joined the Palmetto rifles, of Aiken, S. C., and was a member of that company for four years, rising to the rank of sergeant In 1884 he became a member of Company C, Clinch rifles, Augusta, Ga., and one year later joined the Oglethorpe infantry, of that city, as first sergeant, Company D,
Sixth regiment Georgia volunteers, and rose later to the rank of captain. In August, 1894, Capt Teague was made junior major of the Sixth regiment of Georgia volunteer forces, which commission he now holds. In 1889 Dr. Teague was happily joined in marriage to Miss Bessie Nesbitt Dawson, a daughter of the
late Capt E. J. Dawson, of Charleston, S. C., and that union, which has proven an ideally happy one, has been blessed by the birth of a son and daughter. Dr.
Teague is a prominent and consistent member of the Protestant Episcopal church.

C A. TIMBERLAKE, leading commission merchant of Augusta, Ga., was born in Smith county, Tenn., Nov. 20, 1836, and was reared in the county of his
birth. In 1861 he enlisted as a private in Company B, Seventh Tennessee regi-

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815

raent of infantry, and in the reorganization of the Confederate forces in 1862, was elected first lieutenant of his company and served as such until the battle of Fredericksburg, when he was temporarily assigned for duty on the staff of Gen. Archer, with the rank of captain. Returning to his own company, Lieut Timberlake was for some time in the same command. He was an active participant
in the battles of Seven Pines, where he was twice wounded; the seven days' battles around Richmond, Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, Harper's Ferry and Gettys burg, where he was captured after being very severely wounded in the lungs and hip. He was confined at Johnson's island as a prisoner of war for ten months and was then regularly exchanged. He was then made adjutant-general at Au gusta, Ga., and was serving in that capacity at the close of hostilities. In the fall of 1865 Mr. Timberlake entered the grocery and commission business at Augusta, and has continued in that business ever since. He sustains a most desirable rank among the business men of Augusta and is interested in several local enterprises, being a member of the board of directors of the National Exchange bank. He is a consistent member of the Methodist Episcopal church south, at Augusta.

AUSTIN S. TINSLEY, a leading specialist of Augusta, Ga., was born in Morgan county, Ga., March 28, 1868. His father, A. J. Tinstey, was a native of Georgia and served in the Confederate states army during the civil war. Austin S. Tinsley was educated in Galveston, Tex., where he attended the Lyon academy from 1881 to 1885, and was graduated. Returning to Augusta, Ga., the same year he was graduated from the Augusta Business college and was immediately appointed deputy United States revenue collector under Thomas C. Crenshaw, marshal of Georgia, and held that position fifteen months. He then began the study of medicine under Dr. Joseph Eve Alien, of Augusta, Ga., and was grad uated from the medical department of the university of Georgia, located at Au gusta, in 1888, standing first in a class of forty-eight members. As a reward for
his meritorious record as a student he \vas awarded a prize in the practice of medi cine by the faculty of that institution and also appointed resident physician of the city hospital of Augusta and dispensary clerk for one year. Entering the New
York polyclinic, Dr. Tinsley took a post-graduate course, and later a course on diseases of the eye, ear, nose and throat under Prof. Herman Knapp, at the New York Ophthalmic and Aural institute. Returning to Augusta, he entered imme diately upon the practice of his specialties, and has continued actively and success fully in that practice to this time. Together with Prof. George W. Raines, M. D., LL. D., Dr. Tinsley was, from 1891-93, assistant to the department of chem istry in the medical department of the university of Georgia. Dating from 1888 he was also assistant demonstrator of anatomy at the same institution for three years, and chief demonstrator for three years from 1891. He has been, since August, 1891, secretary of the Alumni association of the medical department of the university of Georgia, is a member of the Augusta Academy of Medicine and surgeon of the Sixth regiment, Georgia volunteers, is a member of the Associa tion of Military Surgeons of the United States, the Georgia State Medical society, and is president of the examining board of military surgeons stationed at the city of Augusta, Ga. In 1895 Dr. Tinsley opened the Augusta Ophthalmic and Aural
institute for the treatment of diseases of the eye, ear, nose and throat, at 812 Broadway. Socially Dr. Tinsley occupies a most exalted position and he is a member of several fraternal and benevolent orders, notably of the Knights of Pythias, the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks, the Ancient Order of United Workmen and the Golden Chain. He is also a consistent member of St.
Paul's Episcopal church, of Augusta, and is unmarried.

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MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

J AM ES PAUL VERDERY, president of the Enterprise Manufacturing com pany, of Augusta, Ga., was born in Richmond county, six miles from the city
of Augusta, and was reared at his rural home, but received his education at the Richmond academy of Augusta. In May, 1863, he left school and enlisted in Company I, of the Forty-eighth Georgia regiment as a private, serving as such until the close of hostilities. He was an active participant in the battles around Petersburg, June 22 and 23, 1864; the battle of the Crater, July 30, 1864, and the battle of Hatch's Run, Feb. 5 and 6,1865. He was slightly wounded at Peters
burg. After the surrender Mr. Verdery returned to Augusta and kept books for four years for the late M. P. Stovall, cotton factor. He then began the study of law and was admitted to the bar in 1870. He was for fifteen years sedulously engaged in the practice of his profession until his election as president of the Enterprise Manufacturing company, retaining that position at the present time. Mr. Verdery takes no part in politics, preferring to devote his time to his extensive
business interests. He was for some years lieutenant in the Georgia hussars, of Augusta, but resigned. He is a consistent member of the Baptist church. Mr. Verdery was happily married, in 1888, to Miss Gumming, daughter of Maj. Joseph Bryan Gumming, of Augusta, and that union has been blessed by the birth of two lovely daughters.

U ON. PATRICK WALSH. No man has more at heart the welfare of Georgia than the Hon. Patrick Walsh, of Augusta, and no man of the present genera
tion has done more for the advancement of the interests of the city of his adop tion. For years, alike in state and local matters, Mr. Walsh has proven a safe adviser and a steadfast friend. He was born in Ballingary, County Limerick,
Ireland, Jan. i, 1840. When he was eight years of age his father and two brothers emigrated to the United States and settled in Charleston, S. C., where, in 1852, Mr. Walsh joined them in company with his mother and sisters. Here the
future great editor at once began his life-work, being apprenticed to the Charleston "Evening News" to learn the printer's trade. At the age of eighteen he had
become a master of the typographic art and his own man as a journeyman printer. Having decided to adopt journalism as a profession, with that foresight and pru
dence so characteristic of his conservative nature, he at once devoted himself to a studious preparation for the manifold requirements of that exacting calling. Not
unlike many other men who have made an indelible impress upon the times in which they lived, and whose blazoned Celtic names shine like stars in our political firmament, Mr. Walsh was confronted at the outset of his now brilliant career
with that true saying: "Slow rises worth by poverty oppressed." The yearnings
of the lad for an education, which should fit him for the career his ambition had depicted were chilled by the hard necessity of daily toil, but difficulty is only a spur to one of the right mettle, and Mr. Walsh fought the battle of life and engaged in the struggle for knowledge simultaneously, emerging from that unequal contest twice a conqueror and doubly a hero. Just as that other honored and beloved
east Georgian, Alexander H. Stephens, taught school by day and studied law by
the feeble and flickering glare of the light-wood knots, while the stars their silent vigils kept; just as Hugh Miller used mallet and chisel from dawn to dusk and then, far into the weary watches of the night, wrought out the geological secrets of the earth; so, during the academical hours of the day, Mr. Walsh was a most
diligent student at the Charleston high school, and in the afternoon, and at night, worked also as a compositor in the newspaper offices of the city. By this untiring double industry he soon found himself prepared to enter college, with a modest fund in hand to sustain him while further pursuing his studies. In 1859 he became

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a student at that venerable and renowned Catholic seat of learning, Georgetown
college, in the District of Columbia. His progress here was rapid, and but for the
gathering war clouds which then began to overshadow the country, he would have been graduated in due course with distinguished honors. But, in Decem
ber, 1860, South Carolina seceded; in April, 1861, the sullen boom of the opening
gun reverberated through Charleston harbor, and forthwith closing his books, the student returned home and joined the Meagher guards, one of the companies
of the First South Carolina Rifle regiment, then on duty on Sullivan's island. On
the reorganization of the South Carolina forces the Meagher guards became the Emerald Light infantry, and Mr. Walsh was commissioned as one of its lieuten
ants and stationed at Castle Pinckney. His two brothers also entered the Con
federate service. Then, the blockade becoming established, the pinch of want became felt throughout the unfortunate beleaguered Confederacy. An aged father and mother and two sisters demanded assistance, and on Patrick, as the youngest
son, devolved the sacred duty. In August, 1862, he came to Augusta in search
of employment and became a printer on the "Constitutionalist." In January, 1863, he was promoted to be local and night editor, the latter a very responsible position in those times, when each night the wires were freighted with news of life and
death. In 1864 Mr. Walsh, in connection with Mr. T. L. Blome, then an Au gusta journalist, and afterward for a quarter of a century the valued and efficient
clerk of the city council, began the publication of the "Pacificator," a weekly
paper which obtained an extended circulation throughout the south, which was continued until June, 1865. In founding this journal Mr. Walsh foresaw the approaching end of the struggle--so glorious yet so disastrous--and with his usual sagacity sought to outline a policy which might secure the south honorable terms.
For months he was so far in advance of public sentiment that his efforts failed to meet a response, and when finally the Confederate government alligned itself upon his idea and sent Vice-President Stephens to the Hampton Roads confer
ence the golden time had passed and nothing remained but to await the silent heroism of the bitter end. Mr. Walsh's presence in public affairs has been often signally manifest, but this early exhibition of the soundness of his judgment is almost unexampled. Had his views been acted upon promptly, as they were ulti mately, by the Confederate government, precious blood in all probability would
have been spared, and years of agony, poverty and retardation averted. In 1866 he was appointed southern agent of the New York Associated Press. Severing his connection with the "Constitutionalist," he became one of the editorial staff of the "Chronicle and Sentinel," then nm by Henry Moore, and edited by Gen.
A. R. Wright. After the death of Gen. Wright Mr. Moore sold his interest in
the paper to Mr. Walsh and H. Gregg Wright, son of the general. Mr. Wright edited the paper and Mr. Walsh managed its affairs so wisely and so well that in 1877 it absorbed the "Constitutionalist," its rival for nearly half a century, Messrs. Walsh & Wright continuing as sole managers and editors. Upon the consolida tion the name of the paper was changed to the "Chronicle and Constitutionalist," but in 1885, the centennial of the "Chronicle," the latter portion of the name was
dropped, thereby resuming the original style under which the journal first appeared in 1785. The career of the "Chronicle" from 1866 to the present time is well known. Though one of the oldest established journals in America, it may to-day be quoted as one of the most progressive and enterprising. In its opinions
it is honest, fearless and fair. In politics it is democratic, but devoid of the slight est trace of sectional animus or prejudice. Laboring steadily for the public good, the "Chronicle" is recognized as the leading organ and authority of public senti
ment in eastern Georgia and that part of South Carolina tributary to Augusta.
n-52

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MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

In 1870-71 Mr. Walsh was elected a member of the city council of Augusta, and in 1872 was sent from Richmond county to the general assembly of Georgia, and was re-elected in 1874 and 1876, serving in the meantime on many important committees. He was a delegate from his county to the state democratic convention in 1880, a delegate to the national convention which nominated Gen. Hancock for president the same year, and in 1884 was one of the delegates-at-large to the Chicago convention which nominated Grover Cleveland for president He was also for four years the Georgia member of the national democratic executive committee. Mr. Walsh made a notable success as president of the Augusta Ex position company, and by the strength of his own personal resources and influ ence made Augusta the most talked about city in the country next to Chicago in the year of the world's fair. In a time of national depression, and following immediately upon the heels of the world's fair, the Augusta exposition of 1893 attracted national attention to this city and section. He brought here Vice-Presi dent Stevenson, members of the cabinet, and speaker of the house of representa tives, governors of states and the legislatures of Georgia and the Carolinas, and kept the enterprise constantly before the eyes of the nation. So great was the triumph over adverse circumstances that there was unanimous desire on the part of the community to make him some practical testimonial of the public apprecia tion of his services, and the idea had about crystallized into a movement to tender him unanimously the mayoralty of the city when he was unexpectedly called upon to accept a much greater honor. United States Senator Alfred H. Colquitt having died toward the close of March, 1894, Gov. W. J. Northen appointed Mr. Walsh United States senator for the unexpired term. Before his appointment as United States senator was an hour old, and while friends were pouring in congrat ulations upon him in person and by telegraph, he took from his desk an article he had just prepared for a syndicate on the Development of the South, and declared with ingenuous satisfaction: "I reckon this will be worth more to the south, coming from a United States senator, than from plain Patrick Walsh.'' This is illustrative of his ever-wakeful interest in this section, and the thought that as United States senator he may be more able to exert more influence in building up the south and advancing the interests of his people, is a much dearer con sideration to him than the distinction of the office itself. His ambition by day and his dream by night is to see the south the most popular and progressive sec tion of this great country; to see Georgia the recognized center of southern development, and Augusta the leading city of the southeast To live to see this come about, and to feel that he had been instrumental in accomplishing it, would be to him a dearer honor than the highest office in the gift of the people. As to Mr. Walsh's mental endowments, his unimpeachable character, and his unswerving rectitude of purpose, no testimony is needed. These are known of all men. No man ever entered battle with more patriotic love of country than that with which he entered the highest legislative councils of the nation, and no man ever conse crated his life to the service of his people more unreservedly than did Patrick Walsh. Mr. Walsh's brief service in the senate has been marked by unusual ability for advancing the interests of his section. He has proven himself a man of liberal ideas, a stanch party man, and an untiring advocate of southern develop ment, and unremitting in setting forth its great possibilities. No man has ever attracted more attention and more favorable comment during so short a service. Mr. Walsh was married in August, 1866, 'to Miss Ann Isabella, daughter of Mr. John E. McDonald, of Edgeneld district, S. C, and that union has been one of uninterrupted happiness.

RICHMOND COUNTY SKETCHES.

819

gEYMOUR MURRAY WHITNEY, cotton factor of Augusta, Ga., was born in the township of Philadelphia, New York, in 1829, receiving his educational
advantages in the common and high schools of his native district In 1858, he removed to Elbert county, Ga., and engaged in teaching school. In the autumn of 1861, he enlisted in the Fifteenth Georgia regiment, Toombs' brigade, Confed erate States army, serving in the quartermaster's department throughout that memorable struggle and received promotion to the rank of major, though he never received a commission as such. He was captured at Sharpsburg, and when it became known among the soldiers of the Union army that he was born north of Mason and Dixon's line strong inducements were offered him to abandon the cause of the south, but he steadfastly refused every offer with scorn, and after being duly paroled ten days later, returned to his regiment After the war had closed, he returned to his home in Elbert county, Ga., and engaged in the gen eral merchandise business, which was continued until his removal to the city of Augusta, in August, 1868. One of the oldest and best known houses in Augusta is that now conducted under the sole auspices of S. M. Whitney, cotton factor. This business was originally founded in 1868, as S. Franklin & Co., and in 1870 the firm title became Franklin, Read & Co. In 1873 another change transpired, this time to Franklin & Whitney. Since 1876 Mr. Whitney has con ducted the business alone. Mr. Whitney, however, has been connected with the enterprise from its inception, having been a member of the original firm of S. Franklin & Co. The business is one of the two oldest established cotton houses in Augusta, and is therefore a pioneer in the important trade since developed in that line in the city. Mr. Whitney handles annually between 15,000 and 20,000 bales of the fleecy staple, and his long experience and complete familiarity with the business, together with his standing in the community, assures consignors that their interests will be considered in every available manner. Though not engaged in agricultural pursuits, Mr. Whitney owns the old homestead in Philadelphia, N. Y., besides tracts of land in Georgia and South Carolina, which he rents to crop pers. He takes no active interest in political affairs and affiliates with the Pres byterian church. He was married in Atlanta, Ga., in 1868, to Sallie J., daughter of Maj. C. M. Barry of that city. That union has proved a very happy one, and has been blessed by the birth of seven children, viz.: Bessie, Grace, Charles E., Frank E., Eddy R., Alexander B., George W., and John B. The father of Maj. Whitney was Erastus, a native of the state of New York. He died after a long and useful life, beloved by all who knew him.
P)R. THOMAS R. WRIGHT, dean of the medical department of the university of Georgia, was born in Augusta, Ga., July n, 1855. He was reared and
received his education in Augusta, principally at the academy of Richmond county. He entered the medical college of Georgia, medical department of the university of Georgia, in 1873, graduating in March, 1876, afterward taking post-graduate courses in the medical department of Harvard university, and at Bellevue Medical college and the medical department of the university of New York. In 1877 ne was made assistant demonstrator of anatomy in the medical department of the university, afterward becoming demonstrator, then professor of anatomy and clinical surgery, and later on professor of operative and clinical sur gery. In April, 1894, he was elected by the faculty to be their dean, which posi tion he still holds. He is a member of the State Medical association and of the Augusta Academy of Medicine.
QOYKIN WRIGHT, ex-solicitor-general of the Augusta circuit, was born in Newton county, Ga., May 20, 1852, and was reared and received his primary
education in the county of his birth. He entered Emory college, Oxford, Ga., in

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MEMOIHS OF GEORGIA.

1869, attended that institution three years, and was graduated from the university of Georgia, at Athens, in 1875, with the degree of Bachelor of Law. Immediately
after his graduation, he was admitted to the bar in Newton county, thence moving to the city of Augusta, where he has since practiced his profession. Such was his advancement at the bar that, in 1880, he was elected by the general assembly of Georgia to the position of solicitor-general of the Augusta circuit, ably serv ing in that capacity for twelve years. Mr. Wright has extensive business inter ests in the city of Augusta, being a director of the Enterprise Manufacturing company. He is a consistent member of the Methodist Episcopal church south,
and is an influential and valued factor in the lay service of that body.

ROCKDALE COUNTY.
U V. HARDWICK, a leading and progressive citizen of Conyers, Rockdale * Co., Ga., was born in Jasper county, July 14, 1836. The Hardwicks have the
distinction of being descended from a noble English family, Mr. Hardwick's great-grandfather having been a member of the house of lords during the reign of the choleric King George III. Just before the war for independence he was sent to America as a committee of one, to note and report the condition of affairs, with such recommendations as he thought necessary to the interest of England. It does not appear whether he himself was friendly to the colonists. He brought along on the trip, however, three boys: Garland, George and William, the latter of whom concluded to remain in this land of freedom. He married a Miss Parker, daughter of his father's family physician, and became the progenitor of the Hardwick family in America. He settled in Washington county, Ga., just before the revolutionary war, in which he served during the entire seven years on the patriot side. For this he was disinherited and left to the consequences of his choice. William Hardwick had six sons: Garland, George, Charles, Robert, William, and John W. With this family he moved to Jasper county in about 1790, where he died a few years later. John W., his youngest son, married Miss Mary Rivers Xally, an orphan girl who had lost her father before she was born, and her mother immediately after. She, however, fell into good hands, Judge Hines Holt having been appointed her guardian, and who gave her every opportunity her means would allow. She became a woman of rare ability and exalted piety. She was a sister of the Rev. Richmond Xally, whose tragic and touching death occurred while on a missionary tour to the early settlers of Louisiana. One bit ter cold day, while crossing a swollen stream, he became separated from his horse, and though reaching the bank in safety, got lost, and was found the next morning frozen to death at the foot of a tree, where he had knelt in prayer. Mr. and Mrs. John Hardwick became the parents of seven children, and after a useful life, died in Jasper county. The gentleman whose name heads this sketch was the third son of this marriage. He was reared on the farm and on account of the financial embarrassment of his father had to depend on his own efforts for an education. Naturally of a retentive mind, and with a love for books, he made rapid progress, and was a matriculate of the university of Georgia, when the civil war put a stop to his further progress in that line. He left school and joined the nny, serving in the ranks till after the seven days.' fight before Richmond, when

SCHLEY COUNTY SKETCHES.

,

821

he was taken very sick and sent home to die. Recovering his health, he again
reported for duty, and was given a detail in the quartermaster's department, and was sent to the army of the west His duties were arduous and dangerous, and he experienced many narrow escapes from the enemy. The close of the war found
Mr. Hardwick almost penniless, but nothing daunted, he began the study of
medicine and dentistry. He soon entered the active practice of the latter pro fession, which he continued for fifteen years with excellent financial success. Since 1891 he has been engaged in handling fertilizers and in farming, in both of which he has been quite successful. Mr. Hardwick married Miss Minnie Ward in
1867, she being the daughter of Maj. P. Z. Ward, of Henry county. She went to
her reward in 1883, leaving four children. In 1884 Mr. Hardwick again entered the matrimonial state, being joined to Miss Kate Mallette of Thomasville, Ga., and who has borne him four children. In politics Mr. Hardwick is a stanch democrat, ever ready to help a friend, but asking nothing for himself. As a citizen he is true to every principle of right, and is ever ready to help advance the public good. He has been an earnest and zealous Methodist since his youth, and has
filled all the offices of his church open to laymen--has been a delegate frequently to the district and annual conferences, and has served as Sunday school superin tendent for thirty years. He is a strong and vigorous writer and may yet be heard from through the public press, as he has several manuscripts incomplete that will make books of interest and profit

SCHLEY COUNTY.
CRANK M. DEVANE, planter, Schley county, Ga., son of John and Eliza (Sel lers) Devane, was born in Schley county, Jan. 15, 1844. His father was the
son of William Devane, a North Carolina planter, and was born and raised in that state. When a young man he came to Georgia and settled in Schley county, married, reared his family and ended his days there. During the war he was a member of Company B (Capt. French), Seventeenth Georgia regiment Mr. Devane was reared on the plantation, and received only a limited education. He enlisted in Company B, Seventeenth Georgia regiment, early in the war and among other battles was in those fought in the Wilderness and at Gettysburg, and surrendered at Appomattox. He was so fortunate as to escape with only some slight wounds. After the war he returned to his plantation--containing 400 acres --where he is enjoying life. Mr. Devane was married in Schley county, June 3, 1867, to Miss Polly Ann Wall, daughter of Austin Wall, a prominent planter of Schley county. He is a member of the farmers' alliance, a populist, politically, and himself and wife are members of the Methodist church.
f\ EORGE C. DYERS, planter, Schley county, Ga., was born in Macon county, Ga., Aug. 6, 1839. His grandfather, Thomas Dyers, was a large planter of
Monroe county, where our subject's father was born and raised. In 1863 he moved to Macon county, where he died the same year. George C. Dyers was reared on the plantation and received but limited education. At the beginning of the war he enlisted in Company B, Capt. French, Seventeenth Georgia regiment; was in

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MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

active service and engaged in many important battles until the battle of Malvern Hill in 1862. In that battle he was so severely wounded as to be completely disabled
for further service, and from which he has never recovered. He has a good
plantation of 400 acres, where he enjoys the fruits of his labor. Unambitious of wealth, or of office, he is content with such prosperity as conies from his daily toil and propitious seasons. Mr. Dyers was married in 1864 to Miss Margaret Peters,
a daughter of Levis M. Peters, a planter of Macon county, who, himself, served in the state militia during the war. Of the children born to them four are living: Lena, wife of Joseph English, planter, Macon county; Anna, wife of Augustus Johnson,
planter, Sumter county, Ga.; Henry and Eunice. Mr. Dyers is a democrat, and a member of the Primitive Baptist church.

UARDY H. PHILLIPS, planter, Schley county, Ga., was born in Randolph

county, Ga., Dec. 10, 1850. His grandfather, Elijah Phillips, was an early

settler of Georgia, a practical fanner, a soldier in the patriot army during the

revolutionary war, and a Primitive Baptist minister. His father, Trussa Phillips,

was a plain, hard-working farmer in Randolph county, but moved to Macon.

county, where, when Mr. Phillips was only six years old, both parents died. He

was then bound out to Capt. Kinsey, from whom he received such harsh treatment

that, when fourteen years old, he ran away from him and came to Schley county.

Here he hired himself out for a year under an agreement that he was to work a

portion of the year and go to school the remainder. The next year he went to work

at the carpenter's trede, and continued at it until he married. Mr. Phillips was

married Dec. 14, 1871, to Julia Ann, daughter of G. W. Marshall, a planter of

Schley county. He and his wife then began life on a rented farm. By constant

work and close economy they made and saved up by 1881 money enough to buy the

fine 4do-acre farm which has since been their home. Of the children born to them

J

there are living: Jane, Rebecca, Eliza, George, and Trussa. Mr. Phillips and his

wife are devoted Christians, and for the last three years Mr. Phillips has been in the

ministry. He is a useful and highly esteemed member of the community in which

be lives.

CTINSON J. REES, planter, La Crosse, Schley Co., Ga., son of Joel and Carrie (Mahone) Rees, was born in Schley county, Feb. 18, 1857. His paternal
grandparents were Joel and Anna (Stinson) Rees, and his grandfather was a soldier in the patriot army during the revolutionary war. His father was born in Putnam county, Ga., but when he was small his parents removed to Alabama, whence, about 1837, they returned to Georgia. They lived there until 1856, when, having a large
number of slaves, his father bought and settled a large plantation in Schley county. He enlisted as a private in the Twelfth Georgia regiment, and went to the front; was promoted to first lieutenant, served through the war, and contracted a disease
of which, finally, he died. His maternal grandfather was Peter H. Mahone, a rich Talbot county planter, and proprietor and landlord of the Mahone house, Talbot-
ton, Ga. He was a soldier in the Seminole war. Mr. Rees received a good edu cation; when a young man taught school, including four years in Florida. He has a large, fine plantation, and is a prosperous planter of the progressive type.
He was married Aug. 14, 1889, to Miss Mollie, daughter of James and Bettie (Duncan) Cox. Her father was a native Georgian and a large planter. He en listed and lost his life in the late war. Mrs. Rees received a classical education, and is a lady of varied and many accomplishments, a graduate of the celebrated
Lebanon college, Ohio. She is one of the leading instructors of Schley county, and the popular principal of the La Crosse schools. One child only, James S., has blessed this union.

SCHLEY COUNTY SKETCHES.

823

PJENRY HARRISON SINGLETARY, merchant-planter, La Crosse, Schley Co., Ga., son of Nathan P. and Cassandra (Wright) Singletary, was born in
Sumter county, Feb. 4, 1841. His grandfather, Thomas W. Singletary, was a native of South Carolina, came to Georgia when a young man and became identified with the leading planters of Georgia. Mr. Singletary's father was born in Laurens
county, Ga., removed to Taliaferro county, Ga., and in 1836 came to Sumter county.
Being a skilled mechanic he engaged in various kinds of woodwork, and helped to build a number of boats to run on the Ocmulgee river. Later in life he gave his entire time and attention to his plantation. His only public service was as a
justice of the inferior court Mr. Singletary was raised on the plantation and was educated at the common schools of the county. Early in 1862 he enlisted in Com pany B, Capt. J. C. Dunlap, Forty-sixth Georgia regiment, as a private, and served through the war. He was in the battles of Missionary Ridge, Chickamauga, Kennesaw Mountain, Jonesboro, Nashville and Franklin. He came home from the war with only a few slight wounds as souvenirs, and without a dollar in the world went to work on a plantation. By close attention, hard work, by enterprise
and good management he has forged ahead until he ranks among the foremost of
Schley county's farmers and business men. He has now more than 2,000 acres of choice land, which includes an excellent productive loo-acre peach orchard. In
addition to his extensive planting interests he conducts one of the largest general
merchandise stores in the county at La Crosse. Enterprising, prosperous and
popular, Mr. Singletary has a bright future before him. Mr. Singletary has but
two children: Lydia C., and Cattie L., both of whom are graduates of the Southern
Female college, La Grange, Ga.

JOHN STEWART, planter, Schley county, Ga., son of Henry and Sophia (Mc-
Kinney) Stewart, was born in Schley county Dec. 6, 1851. His paternal grand father, Randall Stewart, was a native of and a planter in North Carolina, and quite late in life migrated to Georgia. He was a soldier in the patriot army during the revolutionary war, and was also a soldier in the war of 1812. Mr. Stewart's father was born in North Carolina in 1805, came to Georgia when a boy, and finally settled permanently in Schley county, where he became an esteemed citizen and prosperous planter. He was a soldier in the Seminole war. Mr. Stewart was raised on the plantation, and had very limited educational advantages. He has enjoyed average planter prosperity, and now owns 300 acres of land in Schley county, and 200 acres in Taylor county, Ga. Mr. Stewart was married in Decem ber, 1874, to Miss Martha McCantz, daughter of Jesse McCantz, of Taylor county, who bore him six children: Lillie, Oalie, Annie, two infants, deceased, and John Henry, deceased. The mother of these died in 1887, leaving a husband and those children to mourn the loss of a wife and mother. In October, 1888, he married Miss Rebecca Donnan, daughter of James Donnan, a planter of Marion county. Two children have blessed this union: Robert D., and Xancy E. Mr. Stewart is a member of the Farmers' alliance and a populist in politics. His wife
is a devoted member of the Methodist church.

fHARLES A. TAYLOR, planter, Schley county, Ga.. son of James N. and Eliza Coleman (Jones) Taylor, was born in Macon county, Ga., March 15,1835.
His paternal grandparents, James L. and Mary Taylor, were natives of Georgia, and the grandfather was a major in the patriot army during- the revolutionary war. Mr. Taylor's father was born in what is now Pulaski county, Aug. 22, 1804, where he grew to* manhood, and then removed, first to Macon county, and afterward, in 1859, to Schley county, where he raised his family, consisting of eight children: Mary A. E., Charles A., Artie C., Julia F., James X., John J., Anna C., and Philip

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MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

E.. dying in 1865. Mr. Taylor, like his father, was raised a fanner, and received a collegiate education. Early in the war he enlisted in the Macon county volun teers, Capt Prothro, which afterward became Company I, Fourth Georgia regi ment (With this company Phil Cook went into the service as second sergeant, became Brig.-Gen. Phil Cook, of the Confederate army, and died in 1894 as secre tary of state of Georgia.) Mr. Taylor was in the battles of Chancellorsville--where he was wounded severely--Fredericksburg, Malvern Hill and Spottsylvania court
house. At this last-named battle he received some very serious wounds, was taken prisoner and sent to Washington. Here he was imprisoned until March, 1865, when lie was exchanged and returned to his father's plantation in Schley county. Soon after reaching home he had to undergo a surgical operation, the removal of five or six inches of bone from the left arm. Mr. Taylor was married Oct. 17,1867, to
Miss Antoinette Hart, by whom he had six children: James N., deceased; Mary E., Xettie R., Lizzie L., Charlie E., and Artie C. Their mother died in August, 1885. In December, 1889, he married Sarah Alice, daughter of John S. and Mary H. Smith. Mr. Smith is a large planter, and a veteran of the late war. By this marriage he has had three children: Annie Alice, Mary H., and Finis E. Mr. and Mrs. Taylor are members of the Methodist church, and he is a master Mason.

SCREVEN COUNTY.
C. BOWIE, physician, Buck Creek P. O., was born in Screven county, Ga., * in 1827, He is the son of James W. and Man- B. (Campbell) Bowie, now deceased. The father was born near Charleston, S. C., and took up a farm in Screven county, Ga., about 1800. He was a member of the M. E. church, and a soldier in the war of 1812. He died in 1852. He left a family of children, of whom those now living are: Sarah, married to James D. Wade, of Brooks county; A. J., who lives with Dr. Bowie; Mary, wife of William P. Wade, of Quitman, and Martha, now wife of L. L. Miller, Bulloch county. Dr. Bowie's mother was a daughter of William Campbell, of South Carolina. He was reared on a farm and educated in the common schools of the county, and in 1846 began reading medicine under Dr. T. S. Mims. He received his diploma in 1848 and located in Screven count}-, where he has since continued his profession. In 1851 he was married to Lucy Virginia Humphreys, daughter of Curtis Humphreys and Mary B. (Best) Humphreys. Mr. Humphreys was a native of South Carolina, came to Georgia, and was an influential politician of Screven county, having represented his district in the state senate, and for several years was ordinary of said county. To Dr. and Mrs. Bowie were born four children, all of whom are now living. The eldest, Dr. J. W. Bowie,is a physician of Emanuel county; the first daughter, Belle (Bowie) Black, is the widow of Thomas J. Black: Gabriella is the wife of W. C. Thomas, Svlvania, and Zuline, the third daughter, married Dr. B. R. Saxton, who resides in Valdosta. Mrs. Bowie was born in Barnwell county, S. C., 1828. Dr. and Mrs. Bowie are both members of the Methodist Episcopal church, south. Dr. Bowie is a mason of high degree, has a large practice, and is one of the ranking physi cians of the county. He owns a fine farm of 2.000 acres near Buck Creek P. O.
1 H. DANIEL, merchant. Milieu, was born in Burke county in 1831,'and is the " son of Zack and Lydia fGriftin* Daniel. His father was a native of, and
followed farming all hi* life in Burke county," and his grandfather, a native of

SCREVEN COUNTY SKETCHES.

82?

North Carolina, first settled in Burke county about 1800. The parents of the mother of Mr. Daniel were born in South Carolina, and moving to Georgia, died in this state. He was educated at the public schools and in 1858 married Mary H. Gray, daughter of Robert H. Gray. Mr. Gray was born in Columbia, S. C, and moved to Waynesboro, Ga. He was tax receiver for a number of years and afterward moved to Millen, where he died in 1870. To this union were born four
children, now living: Robert G., engaged in business with his father, now in
England; James H., also in business with his father; and Grover Stanley. The mother was born in Waynesboro in 1840. They are both active members of the Methodist Episcopal church, and he is a member of the masonic fraternity. In
1855 he was made tax receiver of Burke county and held the office two years. He was then employed as a mail clerk for two years and was then promoted to
conductor, and afterward became a railroad agent at Millen. He also established a general mercantile business in 1876, which has since been continued. He is a partner in the firm of Daniel Sons & Palmer, and owns large farming interests in both Burke and Screven counties. Mr. Daniel has about 20,000 acres of land, a large number being in cultivation, in tilling which he runs about 130 plows;
his cotton production being about 1,500 bales annually. Mr. Daniels is one of the best business men in Screven county, and handles the reins of his vast interests without any apparent responsibility. He lives in a fine residence near
Millen.

14 C. KITTLES, judge of the county court, Sylvania, was born in Screven
" county in 1842, and is the son of John R. and Clarky A. (Lovett) Kittles.
John R. Kittles was born in Screven county and was one of the commissioners who laid off Sylvania. He was also a member of the legislature and a strong whig in politics. He was a son of Peter and Sarah (Williamson) Kittles. Peter Kittles
was a revolutionary soldier under Gen. Marion and settled in Georgia after the war. The mother of Judge Kittles was a daughter of Fens Lovett, a native of
Screven county and a wealthy farmer. Judge Kittles was reared on the farm and
in August, 1861, enlisted in the Ogeechee Rifles, which \vas afterward Company K, Capt. A. J. Williams, Twenty-fifth Georgia regiment, who was promoted to lieutenant-colonel and killed at the battle of Chickamauga. He was afterward transferred to Company A, First battalion Georgia sharpshooters, and was at the
important battles of Ft. McAllister, Jackson, Miss., and Chickamauga and Resaca. Ga. At the latter place he was captured and sent to Rock Island prison, and
remained there until the war closed. Judge Kittles read law under Gen. A. R.
(Ranse) Wright and was admitted to the bar in Augusta, Ga., in June, 1870; since that he has practiced law and been a planter in Screven county. In 1876 he married Eva P. McCall, daughter of M. N. and Catherine (Porter) McCall. Mr. McCall was born and died in Screven county. He was a soldier in the Indian war, and was also a member of the Georgia legislature for a number of years. He
preached in the Baptist chuch for sixty years and died at the age of ninety-seven.
He had six sons in the Confederate "army. They were as follows: Philip G.:

Ga.; and William C., a 1'aptist minister and in charge of Orangeburg church. South Carolina. George, another son, did not serve in the war, and is now living in Macon and is a Baptist minister. To the union of Judge Kittles and wife have been born four children, now living: William H.. Peter R., Catherine L. and Mamie L. The mother was born in Screven county. They are both members of
the Baptist church, and lie is superintendent of the Sunday school. In 1893 he

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MEMOIRS OP GEORGIA.

was elected judge of the county court, and is now holding that position. He has been a very successful business man and owns about 4,000 acres of land and much valuable stock. Judge Kittles had two brothers, both of whom are now dead, who served in the late war, Robert C. and Peter R., the latter being a captain.

{~J L. MILLS, physician, Haides, was born in Screven county in 1850, and is the * son of Henry F. and Candacy (Lovett) Mills. The father was born in
Screven county, was a large farmer, a brave soldier, a conscientious and influential member of the Methodist church, dying in 1881. He was a son of William R. and Lucy (Paris) Mills. William R. Mills was born, lived and died in Burke county, and was a large farmer. The mother of Mr. G. L. Mills was the daughter of Thomas F. and Nancy (William) Lovett. Thomas Lovett was of Dutch descent and born in Burke county, but afterward moved to Screven county, where he died. In 1868 Mr. Mills entered the Georgia Medical college, Augusta, and was graduated in 1870. In 1880 he married Josephine Roberts, daughter of Robert and Jane Mills Roberts. The parents were natives and residents of Screven county. Robert Roberts was the son of Elijah and Elizabeth (Warren) Roberts. Mrs. G. L. Mills was born in Screven county in 1849. They are both members of the Methodist Episcopal church, and Dr. Mills is a master Mason. In 1870, after he graduated, he located in Screven county and began the practice of medicine, which he continued until a year ago, when he gave it up so as to give all his time to his extensive farming interests. He owns a fine farm of 1,600 acres near Haides.

MICHOLAS ODAM, farmer, Mobley Pond, was born in Screven county in 1827, and is the son of Bryant and Barbara (Strigler) Odam. The father
was born in Xorth Carolina and moved to Georgia at an early day. He was. a soldier in the war of 1812 and a well-to-do farmer. He died in Screven county at the age of one hundred and six. He married Barbara, daughter of Nicholas and Sarah (Bryant) Strigler. Nicholas Strigler was born and lived in Screven county, and his father was one of its earliest settlers. Nicholas served in the patriot army in the revolutionary war. Nicholas Odam was reared a farmer boy and got his education from a few weeks' schooling in the old field schools, and reading by the pine knot or tallow dip. He married Caroline Freeman, daughter of Gart Freeman, a well-to-do farmer of Screven county, and the union has been blessed with five children, now living: Georgia, William, Caroline, Virgil and Joseph. The mother was born in Screven county in 1827, and died in 1890. In 1892 Mr. Odam was married to Laura Littleficld, daughter of Samuel H. Littlefield. The latter was born in Massachusetts and moved to Georgia in 1842, where he engaged in farming and the mercantile business and accumulated considerable money. In 1845 ne niarried Miss Martha C. Lovett, daughter of Thomas and Nancy Lovett. Mr. Littlefield and wife lived together forty years, and to them were born nine living children: Thomas, Laura, Susan, Annie, Charlie, Velera, Samuel, Julia and Louise. He died Jan. 24, 1883, and his wife, Martha, born in 1821, is still living. Mr. Littlefield served in the Confederate army. Mrs. Odam was born in Georgia in March, 1847. They are both members of the Methodist Episcopal church, and much respected for their Christian characters. In 1862 Mr. Odam enlisted in the civil war, joining Com pany F, Fifth Georgia regiment, under Capt. McCall, and engaged in the battles of Ocean Pond and Xoon Day church. At the battle of Griswoldville he was wounded. Mr. Odam started in life as a poor boy and began work on the farm, and now owns about 3.000 acres of land.

SCREVEN COUNTY SKETCHES.

337

JESSE T. WADE, farmer, was born in Whitfield county in 1851, and is the son
of Peyton L. and Elizabeth E. (Robert) Wade. The father was born in Greene county and reared on the farm, studied for the ministry and began preaching
about 1822. He was a member of the conference for two years and was located
at Waynesboro, and later lived in Screven county, where he began fanning and his later life was devoted to this vocation. He was a whig in politics and died leaving a large estate. His father was a native of Wales, and moving to America when a young man, died here. The mother of Mr. Wade was Elizabeth, daugh ter of William H. Robert He was born in South Carolina and was an eminent citizen of that state, dying well possessed of this world's goods and highly
respected by all who knew him. Mr. Wade's great maternal grandfather, Samuel Maner, served in the revolutionary army as captain and was a very wealthy planter. He owned property both in South Carolina and Georgia. Mr. Wade
was reared on the farm in both Whitfield and Screven counties. He graduated at the Virginia Military institute in 1871. In 1887 he married Elizabeth Jones,
daughter of Seaborn and Jane (Bostwick) Jones. Mr. Jones was born in Screven county and was a distinguished lawyer of the state and a large land owner and an
officer of the Confederate army. He was the son of A. S. Jones, who was a native of Georgia and a son of Seaborn Jones, who was a leading lawyer in Georgia for a number of years and a member of congress. Mrs. Wade was born in Screven county in 1865. She and her husband are both members of religious denomina
tions, she being an Episcopalian and he a Methodist Mr. Wade was county surveyor at one time, and has been a life-long farmer. Mr. Wade comes from a family which sent four sons to the war. He himself was too young to enlist, but four of his brothers went in the Confederate army. They were Dr. R. M. Wade, now a physician in Athens; Peyton L. Wade, who died in Richmond during the war, belonged to the First Georgia regiment, and was promoted for
bravery to be first lieutenant; Edward C, of the Savannah Guards, who was wounded and captured at Sailor's Creek and carried to Camp Douglas, where he died; and Ulysses P. Wade, who is now a prominent lawyer of Screven county.

/" EORGE W. WATERS, farmer, Sylvania, was born in Screven county in 1837, and is the son of Michael and Mary (Bolton) Waters. Michael Waters was
a native of and life-long resident of Screven county. He was of German descent, and his father was a native of Germany and died in this country. His mother was a daughter of Reuben Bolton, a native of Screven county. Mr. Waters received a limited education, having only the opportunities of the meager school advantages. In 1861 he enlisted in the war in Company A, Fifty-fourth Georgia regiment, under Capt Roberts. In 1857 he was married to Rachel Ziegler, daughter of Solomon Ziegler. The father was a respected citizen and prosperous farmer, and a son of a revolutionary soldier who, while home on a furlough, and attending church, was fired on by tones and only escaped death by a chance. Mr. and Mrs. Waters have eight living children: Israel, Solomon, Mary, Holman, Charity, Reuben, Alonzo and Laura. The mother was born in Screven county in 1838. She is a member of the M. E. church. Mr. Waters is one of the most progressive of Screven county's fanners and has a large estate of 5,000 acres, a
big part of which is in cultivation.

8.28

MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

SPALD1NG COUNTY.
J AMES STODDARD BOYNTON, lawyer and ex-judge, Griffin, Ga., son of Elijah S. and Elizabeth (Moffet) Boynton, was born in Henry county, Ga., in
1833. His father was of English descent, tracing his lineage back to the Boyn ton knighted by William the Conqueror, was born in Vermont, came to Georgia when a young man. and settled in Henry county. His mother was of a South Carolina family of French extraction, and his parents, though not rich, were in 7noderately good circumstances. Judge Boynton grew up on the farm, and received only such education as could be obtained at the "old field" schools of the day. a few months each year after laying-by time. The hot blood of his youth was set on fire by reading of the heroic deeds of our chivalrous citizensoldier}- during the Mexican war, and he was inspired by an ambition to secure an appointment to West Point and enter the army. Accordingly, in 1849, ne entered upon a preparatory course of study, but in November of that year his father died, leaving him a patrimony of only 100 acres of land and one negro. Still intent on his cherished object, he chose for his guardian a gentleman able and willing to assist him. But in 1851 this friend and guardian died, by which all hope was destroyed. Still bent on a military career, with the consent of his newly-chosen guardian, he sold his land with the view of attending the Georgia Military institute at Marietta. On application and inquiry there he found the money he had barely enough to support him two years, while he could not graduate in less than three years. This was a crushing blow to his ambition, and he abandoned his object. His thirst for knowledge and the higher and nobler aspirations of his nature never deserted him. Going to Cave Spring, near Rome, he entered Hearne's school, and remained there until his exchequer was exhausted, when he was compelled to lay aside his books and seek employment. Returning to McDonough, he accepted a proposition made by CoL L. T. Doyal, then one of the most distin guished lawyers in that circuit, and read-law under him. His ambition and indus try, and the wide scope and strong grasp of his mind were such that in the unparalleled short time of seven weeks he mastered the principles of law, and at the October term of the court (1852, Judge James H. Stark presiding) he was ad mitted to the bar. Nov. 15 following he opened an office in Monticello, Jasper Co., Ga.. only nineteen years old, a stranger among strangers, and imperfectly educated. Yet he succeeded. In 1858 he went to Jackson, Butts Co., Ga., and entered into partnership with Col. James R. Lyons and rose rapidly in his pro fession and in the good opinion of the people. In 1860 he was elected ordinary ever a strong and popular member of the dominant party, administering the office with unusual acceptability. Although opposed to secession, and by virtue of his office exempt from military service, in response to his patriotic impulses he enlisted as a private in the Thirtieth Georgia regiment and served as such seven months. On the reorganization of the regiment in 1862 he was elected major, and in De cember following was made lieutenant-colonel. His regiment served at Savannah, Cliarleston. Wilmington, Pocotaligo and Jacksonville, and then, in May, 1863, was ordered to Jackson, Miss., and went through the arduous campaign in that state. During this campaign CoL Boynton won a high reputation for courage and ability, and in general orders, issued by Gen. Walker, was specially mentioned for gallantry. His regiment was always where the battle raged hottest and fiercest, and there Col. Boynton would be found, coolly and courageously leading and encouraging his men. In one engagement he lost forty-five per cent of his com-

SPALDING COUNTY SKETCHES.
mand in one hour and a half. Col. Manghum having1 been permanently disabled by wounds and retired, he was commissioned as colonel of the regiment, and snared the fortunes of the western army, participating in the battles of Chickamauga, Missionary Ridge, Dalton, the continuous fights thence to Atlanta, and the battles around that city. Never did the Thirtieth Georgia go into action so long as he commanded it except under his intrepid leadership. While forty yards in front of his command, leading it in a charge at the battle near Decatur, Ga., July 22, 1864, he was stricken down and detained from his command until January, 1865, when, a mere skeleton and just off crutches, he rejoined it, but was unable to continue in active service. He suffered seriously from his wound many years after the war. In 1863 CoL Boynton removed his family to Griffin where, after the war, he resumed his law practice. In 1866 he was elected county judge and held the office until the court was abolished. From 1869 to 1872 he was mayor of Griffin, and then, for the next eight years he devoted himself to his profession, quickly gaining a large and valuable clientage. In 1880 he was elected to repre sent the Twenty-sixth senatorial district in the general assembly, and was unani mously chosen president of the senate. This is believed to be the only instance where a member serving his first term has had so distinguished an honor conferred on him; and during a session of five months no appeal from a decision of his was sustained. In 1882 he was again elected to the senate, and again, unopposed, elected its president. On the death of Gov. Stephens he was sworn in as gover nor by Chief Justice James Jackson, March 5, 1883, and served until the election of Gov. McDaniel. In November, 1886, he was appointed by Gov. McDaniel judge of the Flint circuit to fill a vacancy, and was afterward elected to fill the unexpired and the succeeding full term--in each instance without opposition. In 1890 he was again elected for four years--this time over Hon. J. S. Pope. April 8, 1893, he resigned the judgeship and has since been actively engaged in the general practice of his profession, and as division counsel of the Central railroad of Georgia, embracing nine counties. Judge Boynton was married Dec. 2, 1852, to Miss Fannie Loyall, by whom he had two sons. This estimable lady, by her cheerful and cheering devotion during his early struggles for recognition and distinction, proved to be a never-failing incentive and support to him. By her death in 1877 Judge Boynton sustained an irreparable loss. But sympa thizing wifely companionship was a necessity, and on April 30, 1883, while gov ernor, he was married to Miss Susan T. Harris, daughter of James W. Harris, of Walton county, Ga. She is a lady of attractive manners and many accomplish ments, and Judge Boynton was indeed fortunate in this marriage--realizing that ideal happiness which comes only with congenial companionship. Judge Boyn ton is an exemplary and influential member of the Missionary Baptist church. From whatever standpoint viewed, a true and noble manhood is developed in the character of Judge Boynton. The sixteen-year-old boy, ambitious of military glory and fame, though thwarted then, ten years later proved on many a bloody battlefield, by his intrepidity, coolness and courage seldom equaled, that it was no transitory boyish impulse, but the grander inspiration, that begot and fired the ambition. The nineteen-year-old, friendless and moneyless attorney has proved by his after successes at the bar, in the halls of legislation, on the bench, and in the gubernatorial chair, that a strong and true self-reliant manhood was the deep and broad foundation on which James Stoddard Boynton builded.
DEV. W. H. PATTERSON, pastor of the Baptist church, Griffin, Spalding Co., Ga., son of George M. and Frances H. (Wade) Patterson, was born in Han
cock county in 1836. His parents, born, raised and married in Screven county,

830

MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

Ga.. descended from old settlers and moved in early life to Hancock county. Here Dr. Patterson was raised, educated and prepared for college. He then entered Mercer university, from which he was graduated in 1858, receiving the degree of A. B. and A. M. After his graduation he went to Eufaula, Ala., where he engaged in teaching. He was president of Union Female college eight years, superintendent of the public schools twelve years, and was also superintendent of the Baptist Sunday school for many years previous to his entering the ministry. Dr. Patterson was converted when sixteen years of age, at Sparta, Ga., under the preaching of Rev. (afterward bishop) George F. Pierce, of the Methodist church, and connected himself with the Baptist church, since which time he has devoted himself to its service and Christian work generally. After his ordination he was chosen president of the Eufaula Baptist association fourteen years in succession. In 1889 he accepted a call to the pastorate of the. First Baptist church at Dawson, the duties of which he faithfully discharged. When he took charge of the church it was holding its services in a dilapidated frame building, and the membership \vas only a little over 100. Now the membership is 230, and a new church edifice, built of brick and stone, costing $15,000 (paid for), one of the finest church build ings in southwest Georgia, has been built, having been completed and dedicated March 8, 1891. In 1892 the degree of D. D. was conferred on him by the uni versity of Alabama. Dr. Patterson has always taken an active and a prominent interest in all Christian work, while remaining immensely loyal to his denomina tion. He is laborious in his local church work and progressive on all lines, secular or religious--a Christian worker and warrior, and a useful citizen. In 1894 he accepted a call to the pastorate of the Baptist church at Griffin, Ga., where he is now located. Dr. Patterson married Miss L. C. Williams, of White Plains, Greene Co., Ga., where she was born. She received her early education in local schools, but graduated from the Georgia Female college, Madison, Ga. They have two children: F. M., living near Eufaula, Ala., and William R., at the Marion Military institute, Marion, Ga. Dr. Patterson is a member of the A. O. U. W., K. of H., the I. O- O. F., of which he is a past grand chaplain of Alabama, and a master Mason.

STEWART COUNTY.
F)R- B. W. ALLEX. Of the many bright medical lights in Stewart county, there is no one enjoying a higher reputation for professional skill and knowledge
than Dr. B. W. Alien of Omaha. He is practically a young man, but is old in his practice and experience. He is a native of Louisiana, having been born in Morehouse Parish, May i, 1864. His father, J. N. Alien, was a physician and was born in Heard county, Ga. When he was about grown he moved to Louis iana, where he died in 1867, aged about thirty-four years. His wife, who survived him, is now living in Stewart, her native county. She was a Miss Josephine M. Prather. Dr. B. W. Alien is their only living child. The father was a physician well known to the profession of Louisiana, and a most promising and useful career was cut off by his sudden death. He was a graduate from the New Orleans--now Tulane--university. Dr. B. W. Alien attended the public schools in Stewart county and finished his course at the agricultural school at Cuthbert, Ga. He immediately began the study of medicine, and in 1884 was graduated

STEWART COUNTY SKETCHES.

831

from the Atlanta Medical college. He began the practice of his profession in Russell county, Ala., and remained there until 1894, when he returned'to Stewart county and has since practiced at Omaha. He was united in marriage to Miss Mattie L. Brewer, of Opelika, Ala., April 7, 1888. Mr. and Mrs. Alien
belong to the Baptist church, and the doctor is a member of the fraternal orders of the Masons and Knights of Pythias. He enjoys an extensive practice, both in Stewart county, Ga., and in Russell county, Ala.

IOHN W. BARGE, one of the leading planters of Stewart county, is a native of that county, being born Oct. n, 1849, within one mile of where he now lives.
He was the son of B. F. Barge, one of the early settlers of Stewart county (see sketch of J. W. Barge, Webster county). He was educated in the log cabin schools near his home and brought up on the farm. At the age of twenty-one he commenced business for himself, and operated a mill owned by his father. In October, 1873, he married Fannie H. York, a native of Webster county, and a daughter of Rev. P. L. York, a farmer and minister of the Primitive Baptist church, now residing in Terrell county, Ga., near Dawson. Mrs. Barge was reared by her grandfather, Mr. Daniel, of Webster county. After his marriage Mr. Barge settled on the place where he now lives, and engaged in farming. He is one of the progressive farmers of the county and has 1,000 acres of fine land under a high state of cultivation. He owns the old home place, having purchased the interests of the other heirs. By his marriage he has five children: Nancy Lizzie, attending the La Grange Female college; Emma Rebecca; Benjamin F.; John L., and Joe Hill. Mrs. Barge is an active member of the Methodist church, and takes great interest in charitable work. Mr. Barge is a democrat and wields much influence in the councils of his party in directing county and state affairs. The Barge family live in a beautiful home about four miles west of Weston. Mr. Barge is a very successful business man and one whose probity and integrity are unquestioned.
F)R. G. B. BATTLE. About the beginning of this century three English boys and brothers, left their old home to carve out their fortunes in the United
States. One adopted North Carolina for his home, the second journeyed through to Alabama, while the third began his distinguished career in Georgia. The latter was Thomas Battle, the head of a family eminent in church and medical his tory of the empire state of the south. He had received the benefits of a good educational training under efficient tutors in the old country, and with a taste for learning he for years devoted himself to unceasing study in his new home. He prepared himself for the ministry and was ordained as a preacher in the Metho dist Episcopal church. He was one of the half dozen divines whose life history is the story of the struggles of this great aggressive church in the early days of the state. Rev. Mr. Battle selected Monroe county for his home and there his family grew up. There were many years granted to him for his Christian labors and he lived nearly to the present decade, dying in 1885, at the age of ninetyeight years. Dr. T. W. Battle was his son, born in Monroe county in 1815. He received his primary education from his father, and it was finished at the university of Georgia (then Franklin college), Athens. He had early selected medicine' as his profession, and was graduated from the Medical University of Pennsylvania. He began practice in Monroe county, and from the first his professional career was one of remarkable success. About 1845 he was mar ried to Ann G, daughter of Green B. Ball, of Stewart county. He was at that time living in Lumpkin, where he remained until 1882, when he removed to Columbus and continued in the practice of his profession the remainder of his

832

MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

life. Outside of his profession, in which his reputation for skill and learning ranked Him among the first physicians in the state, he was known to be a man of fine business ability. He personally directed large farming interests, and was an active director in the Eagle and Phoenix Manufacturing company of Columbus, Ga. He was a most interesting man; kind and charitable, genial,
yet dignified, he had the esteem of all and the friendship of many. He died in 1888, at the good old age of seventy-three years. His widow still survives and lives in Columbus. They were members of the church in which Rev. Mr. Battle was such a distinguished light, and the husband was an eminent Mason. To their union were born eight children, of whom all are living. They are: Mollie, wife of James E. Cargill, of Columbus; Dr. G. B., the subject of this sketch; Mrs. Laura Winters, of Chattanooga; Thomas W., Jr., of Columbus; Charlton E., of Columbus, member of the state legislature from that county; Alice F., of Columbus; Mrs. Beulah, wife of Charles E. Morton, Columbus; Annie L., wife of Randolph Mott, of Columbus. Dr. G. B. Battle, farmer and physician, Omaha, Stewart Co., was born May 28, 1852, and was the eldest son of Dr. T. W. Battle. He acquired his education from Emory college, Ox ford, Ga., and was graduated in medicine from the Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, in 1875. For twenty years he practiced his vocation at Lumpkin with marked success, and in 1895 he moved to his plantation near Omaha. He was married in 1879 to Minnie O. Fitzgerald, daughter of James Fitzgerald,
of Stewart count}-. They have had born to them eight children, of whom four are no\v living: Alice F., Greene B., Minnie O., and James Fitzgerald. Dr. Battle is a master Mason and an Odd Fellow. He has large farming invest ments and an extensive professional practice.

T F. CARTER. One of the chief business men of Richland, Stewart Co., Ga.,
* and the mayor of this charming town, is Mr. T. F. Carter, the representative of an old and prominent Georgia family. He was born in 1856, in Florence, Steuart Co., and is the son of William Carter and Mary Buckhalter--natives, respectively, of Butts and Wilkinson counties. William Carter was the son of James Carter, a native Georgian, born near Indian Springs, Butts Co., Ga., and a
minister of the Baptist church. Mary Buckhalter was the daughter of Icalia and Epsie (Beall) Buckhalter of Wilkinson county, Ga. William Carter was born in 1813, and died in 1869. During his lifetime he was engaged in mercantile business in Lumpkin and Florence. He represented Stewart county in the general assembly, being a member at the time the war was concluded. He was a distinguished Mason, and conscientious member of the Baptist church, in whose affairs he took much interest. His wife was a Methodist, and equally ardent and prominent in that denomination. She is still living, and resides in Richland. This union was blesserl with twelve children, of whom six are living: W. J., merchant, Florence; S. A., Columbus, president of the Columbus Grocery com
pany; T. F., the subject of this sketch; Mrs. A. J., wife of L. C. Willifield, of Richland; J. H., merchant, Omaha, Stewart Co.; E. J., connected with the
Columbus Grocery company. Mr. Carter was educated in the public schools
and remained in Florence until about 1884, when he moved to Lumpkin, and three years afterward to Richland, where until 1889 he was engaged in the ware house and fertilizer business; since that time he has been merchandising. He was married in January, 1889, to Miss M. L. Bedingfield, of Florence. They have one child, Miss Charlie May. Mr. Carter has been a member of and pres ident of the board of education, and in December, 1893, was elected mayor of Richland, and re-elected in 1894. He is a partner in the warehouse firm of

STEWART COUNTY SKETCHES.

833

Carter & Dixon, and is associated with Mr. Williford in the fruit-growing business. Mr. Carter and wife are regular attendants at the Methodist church. He is a Mason, and at present worshipful master of the lodge at Richland. Politically he is a democrat, though he takes no decided interest in politics.

J H. CARTER, merchant and farmer, Omaha, Stewart Co., Ga., was borri " Jan. 17, 1862, and is a son of William Carter, whose biographical sketch is
found elsewhere in these Memoirs. He was given the educational advantages afforded by the public schools, and early displayed a predilection for a mercantile life. In 1887 he was married to Miss Hightower, of Lumpkin, Ga., daughter of Mr. John Hightower. They have three children: Hattie, Joseph Henry, and Annie. Mr. Carter and wife are Methodists; and he is a master Mason, and a leading member of the Knights of Pythias. He has been mayor of Omaha for two years, and for two years was secretary and treasurer of the Omaha Improvement company. He is at the head of a thriving mercantile business in Omaha, and owns a large warehouse. He is a public-spirited citizen, and a push ing, energetic business man.
ZIMRI SMITH COFFIN, merchant and planter of Stewart county, is a native of North Carolina, Guilford county, and was born May 20, 1833. He is a descendant of an old and honorable family of the name who came to this country in the early colonial days and settled on the island of Nantucket. His mother, whose maiden name was Rachel Osborn, was a native of Guilford county, N. C., where she lived all her life. She died in 1883 on the old homestead at the age of sixty-eight years. She was the daughter of R. H. Osborn, a native of North Carolina, who married a Miss Lamar, a sister of the father of Hon. L. Q. C. Lamar. R. H. Osborn raised a large family of children. "Rachel Osborn married Abner Coffin, a native of the same county, born and reared where he lived and died. His father's name was Joseph Coffin, who came from the island of Nantucket, and it was Abner's grandfather who came to this country from England in 1642, and was a relative of Admiral Coffin of the British navy. All of the Coffins in the United States spring from this English family, who came
here from England during the old colonial days. The record of this family has been kept with special care by the members, and reunions at which many of the representatives have appeared have kept up an interest in the private history of 'the family, which is worthy of emulation. It is estimated that there are now in the United States 100,000 descendants of the original couple who landed on the island of Nantucket. The Coffin family of Nantucket have a college kno\vn as the Coffin school, for the education of the Coffin children throughout the United States who are not able to educate themselves. The grandfather of Dr. Coffin, Joseph Coffin, settled before the war on the banks of Deep river, where he lived and died at the age of eighty-four, in 1841. He was a farmer and the place where his home was located is still owned by the Coffins. Joseph had two sons and a daughter, the latter dying at an early age. Peter Coffin, brother of Abner, moved to Indiana, where he died. Abner purchased the home place and there brought up his family. He died in 1877, aged seventy-two years, a member of the Methodist church, and a highly respected man. By his marriage with Miss Osborn nine children were born, viz.: Joseph, died aged sixteen: Peter, died aged fifteen; Winright, died aged six years; Melinda, who married Alpheiis Woodburn, and settled in Guilford county, N. C., where she died at Greensboro,, aged forty-five; Dr. Z. S. Coffin, the subject of this sketch; Cyrus C, of Mont gomery county; Mrs. Lucinda B. Myrick, who lives near Ennis, Tex.: Mrs. M. R. Oats, of Jamestown, N. C., and S. F. Francesca, who died in 1887. Dr. 7.. S. Coffin
II-53

834

MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

was a studious scholar in the private schools of his county, and there fitted himself for his professional life. He attended a course of lectures on dental surgery at the Pennsylvania college in Philadelphia, and was graduated in 1857. He located in Newborn, N. G, and followed his profession with good success until the commencement of the civil war. During his residence in Newburn he devoted much of his leisure time to the completion of his education. To aid him in this he employed a private tutor, under whose instruction he made great progress in the studies of the languages, ancient and modern. At the beginning of the war he was appointed an agent of the ordnance department for the state of North Carolina, with the rank of captain, which position he held until the close of hostilities. In that position he handled millions of dollars' worth of property and cash, and that his accounts with the government always balanced to the cent demonstrates the strict integrity of his character. During a raid through the state the men employed in the ordnance department were formed into a regiment with Dr. Coffin acting as brevet-major. These special troops were in several skirmishes. After the war he traded in stock, cotton and tobacco in North Carolina, and cleared $10,000 the first year. With this he came to Georgia, where he engaged in the timber business. He was successful for awhile, but later his entire property was swept away by the failure of others who had his finances in their power. Thus reduced to penury, he resumed the practice of his profession in Stewart count}-, and so successful was he that in a few years he purchased a body of land on the Chattahoochee river, once owned by Gen. Toombs. Here he now resides, surrounded by all the comforts of a beautiful southern home, with every convenience and luxury possible to a home life. In connection with his great farming interests he carried on a merchandise business, which he established in 1880, and which led to a postoffice known as Coffinton. Dr. Coffin has a set of steam mills--ginning, grist, saw and syrup mills. Dr. Coffin is a stanch democrat and was elected to represent the county in the legisla ture in 1880-81. The doctor was a quiet, unaffected member, not disposed to waste words on all measures, but when called out by circumstances is an easy and fluent speaker and cogent reasoner. The doctor was married July 29, 1869, to Victoria A. Clements of Richland. She was born and raised in Stewart county, and was the daughter of Nelson Clements and Nancy VVinn, natives of Georgia. Mrs. Clements died when the daughter was a child, and Mr. Clements survived her twelve years. He was a very wealthy man, having accumulated about $200.000 in twenty-five years on the plantation. The war reduced his wealth to about $40,000. Victoria lived with her father until his death, when Thomas W., her older brother became her guardian. She was educated in the schools at Lumpkin and the Masonic Female college. She was the youngest child of a large family, all of whom lived to be grown but two. The children were: Jasper, who died -in the war; James from exposure in the war; William M., a soldier, died in 1893: Thomas W., an ex-Confederate, died in 1892; Mrs. Lizzie Thornton, died in Randolph county: Mrs. Eliza Dixon, died in Webster county; Mrs. Josephine Kimbro. died in Stewart county in 1867. Dr. Coffin and wife have the following children: Linda Belle, Nelson Clements, Edward Chester, Leroy, Zimri Lamar, Victoria Pearl, William Carter. The doctor and his wife take special pains in the education of their children. They live in a fine home at Coffinton and own all its surroundings.
CWIFT CRUMBLEY. One of the solid and enterprising business men of
Lumpkin is Swift Crumbley. He was born Nov. n, 1830, in Henry county,
Ga. He was the son of Anthony Crumbley and Zeptha (Grooms) Crumbley,
natives of Washington county, Ga. The parents moved to Stewart county in

STEWART COUNTY SKETCHES.

835

1831 and located near the farm on which the son now lives. Anthony Crumbley took part in the Indian war of 1835-36, and was an influential and prosperous
citizen. They had six children: Alexander; Swift, the subject of this sketch,
and James J., now living, and W. R., Adaline Pierce, and Anthony Lee, deceased. They were members of the Baptist denomination and both lived exemplary Christian lives. The husband died Nov. 4, 1869, aged about seventy-seven years, and the wife lived until April 29, 1884, aged about eighty-four years. Mr. Swift
Crumbley was brought up on the home place and in 1853 was married to Amelia A., daughter of Shedrick and Susan Pinkston of Stewart county. Soon after his
marriage he settled on the farm where he now resides. When the civil war commenced he was among the first volunteers to respond to the call, and enlisted in the Third Georgia cavalry, serving with that regiment throughout the entire war. In 1882 he opened a general merchandise store, which he has since con
tinued and in addition he is engaged in extensive farming. Mr. Crumbley and
wife have had born to them four children: James D., Susan Florence, Henry and
Charles, the latter two being deceased. The family worship in the Baptist church,
with which denomination Mr. Crumbley's ancestors have long been identified. He is a Mason and in politics a democrat. Mr. Crumbley enjoys a high reputation
for the honorable methods he has always followed in business, and in social circles his family are esteemed for the kind graces of character and their culture and
refinement

JUDGE W. W. FITZGERALD, merchant and farmer, Omaha, was born in December, 1836, within three miles of his present home. He was the son of
James Fitzgerald and Nancy (Hilliard) Fitzgerald, natives of Stewart county,
Ga. James Fitzgerald's father was a native of Ireland and came to Georgia before the revolutionary war. James was one of three children and was born in Burke county; when a child went with his parents to Dooly county, and when a young man settled in Stewart county, where he lived the balance of his life, engaged in farming. He was married to Nancy Hilliard in 1831 and settled near the Chattahoochee river. He was a life-long member of the Baptist church and died in 1880, aged about seventy-three years. His wife still survives him. To their union were born twelve children, of whom ten are still living: Mrs. M. A,, wife of J. D. Alexander of Stewart county; Mrs. S. J., wife of Joseph C. Collins, deceased, of Mitchell county; Judge W. W., the subject of this sketch; Mrs. M. C., widow of Charles Collins of Mitchell county; Mrs. Laura A., wife of Marion Collins of Mitchell county; D. B. and J. H., living in Stewart county; Mrs. Thomas Salter of Stewart county; Mrs. Dr. Battle; Mrs. Sallie, wife of Leroy J. Simpson of Eufaula, Ala. Judge W. W. Fitzgerald attended the schools in Stewart county, studied law and was admitted to practice just before the war. He enlisted with Company K, Second Georgia regiment, in 1861, and served until 1862, when he was discharged on account of ill-health. He was justice of the inferior court for four years previous to the war, and served in the Georgia legislature in the years of 1873-74, and again in 1878-79. In 1889-90 he represented his district in the senate and was re-elected, serving in 1892-93. After the war ended Mr. Fitz gerald devoted his time entirely to farming and merchandising, in which he is still engaged, and in which he has been very successful. He was married in May, 1865, to Josephine Bedingford of Stewart county, but at that time living in Alabama. They have had six children born to them, five of whom are living: J. B.; Minnie, wife of C. D. Burnell; W. E.; Flora, and Mary Josephine. Judge Fitzgerald and wife are active members of the Baptist church, and he is a royal arch Mason. He is a firm democrat and prominent in the party, having served on the county committees and always taking a great interest in its success and
welfare.

836

MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

A RTHUR T. FORT, ordinary, Lumpkin, Stewart Co., Ga., son of Tomlinson T. Fort, was bora in Stewart county, Jan. 8,1845. The family came from Vir
ginia, and has become one of no inconsiderable note and influence in Georgia. Mr. Fort's father was a native of the state and was a large planter. He served ia the Creek Indian war under Capt J. U. Horn and after the war resumed farming. He was elected sheriff of Stewart county, but resigned before his term expired, and died when only thirty-six years of age. Mr. Fort was raised on the farm and was educated at the common schools of the count}'. When seventeen years old he enlisted under Capt Harrison, Company E, Thirty-first Georgia regiment, and
served twelve months. He afterward enlisted in Gen. Wheeler's command and served during the war. Returning home he engaged in farming. In 1890 he wa elected ordinary of the county to fill the unexpired term of W. F. Clark, resigned, an office which he now occupies. Mr. Fort was married to Miss Sallie, the accom plished daughter of Col. Samuel Sibbey, long connected with Savannah journalism. They have had four children: Samuel Sibbey, Tomlinson, Laura and Arthur God frey. Mr. Fort is a stanch democrat.

WILLIAM H. GRIFFIS, farmer, Lumpkin, Stewart Co., Ga., son of Henry and Rebecca (Carrington) Griffis, both of whom are deceased, was born in
Stewart county, Dec. 24, 1841. He was reared on the farm, and received a fairly good education at the near-by country schools. On reaching manhood he com menced farming for himself, but bad only been engaged in it a year when he enlisted in the Seventeenth Georgia regiment, under Capt. D. B. Harrell. He saw much and arduous service, and participated in the battles of Seven Pines, Malvern Hill, Sharpsburg, Cold Harbor, Gettysburg and Petersburg. After the surrender he returned to Lumpkin, reaching home May 26, 1865. He went to work on his farm, which he has successfully cultivated since. In 1883 he added merchandising in Lumpkin to his farming, and continued it until 1886, when he was elected marshal of the city, an office which he has filled with great efficiency and acceptably to the people. He has a fine 3OO-acre plantation under excellent cultivation, and an elegant and cozy residence in Lumpkin, and is popular and highly respected. Mr. Griffis was married March 9, 1868, to Miss A. K., daughter of John L. Denskin, a union which has been blessed with five children: Emory J., Lamar D., Samuel E., Lloyd T., and William H., Jr. Mrs. Griffis, an exemplary member of the Methodist church, died May 7,1894. He is an ardent democrat and a member of the Methodist church.
JUDGE D. B. HARRELL. The Harrell family came from North Carolina. Jesse Harrell, the head of the family, was a prosperous farmer in that state and
a man of great strength of character, and fine business ability. A son, Solomon, born in North Carolina in 1796, came to Georgia in 1800 with his parents, who located in Washington county. Here he was educated and grew to manhood, and in the war of 1812 served faithfully throughout that conflict. In 1839 he moved to Stewart county, and engaged in farming. He took no more part in politics than to vote, but was elected a justice of the inferior court, both in Washington and Stewart counties. He was married to Nancy Turner, and they had five children born to them, two of whom are now living: Judge D. B. Harrell, and Solomon Harrell, of Webster county. Husband and wife were faith ful members of the Baptist church. He died in 1858, aged sixty-two years, and the wife died in 1845. Judge D. B. Harrell was a small boy when his father located in Stewart county. He was educated at Lumpkin academy, under the direction of Prof. Baker, of South Carolina, who was a classmate of Daniel Webster. Im pressed with the conviction that the profession of-law was that for which his talents

STEWART COUNTY SKETCHES.

837

were specially fitted, he was, after thorough study, admitted to practice. After a few years of work he was elected solicitor-general of the Pataula judicial circuit, serving from 1855 to 1859, when he was elected judge of the superior court of the circuit He also represented Webster county three years in the general assembly. He was captain of Company A, Seventeenth Georgia regiment, during the war, but was forced to retire on account of ill health. Judge Harrell was a member of Gov. Brown's staff during the time of the conflict. Most of his life has been spent on the farm, in which he takes great interest. In 1890 the bank of Richland was established, with a capital of $50,000, and Judge Harrell was made president Judge Harrell is a strong democrat, and a high Mason. He lives in a fine resi dence on his farm near Richland, and is very highly respected by all who have the .honor of his acquaintance.

D ENJAMIN F. HAWES, clerk superior court, Lumpkin, Stewart Co., Ga., son of William and Jane (Gay) Hawes, was born in Stewart county April 29, 1842.
Both parents are now dead. His father was a very extensive planter; also, a prominent and prosperous merchant, and did a large business in Lumpkin. Mr. Hawes was reared on the plantation, and educated in the common schools of the county. He enlisted in Company E, Thirty-first Georgia regiment, as a private, was afterwards made second lieutenant, and retained the rank during the remainder of his service. After the surrender he returned to Lumpkin and clerked in his father's store until 1870, when he was elected clerk of the superior court, and has been continuously re-elected since. This prolonged incumbency is highly com plimentary to him, and is the best possible evidence of his superior ability and effi ciency, as well as of his great personal popularity. Mr. Hawes was married to Miss Henrietta, daughter of Mr. Jared Irwin, on Dec. 17, 1874. She died June 16, 1888, leaving three children: Benjamin F., Jr., Lilly, and Mary Lou. He afterward married Miss Annie Irwin, Dec. 14,1889, a sister of his first wife, who has borne him four children, two of whom are now living: Jared Irwin and Eunice. Mr. Hawes is a strong, active democrat, and a member of the Methodist church. Mrs. Hawes is a consistent member of the Baptist church.

JAMES RUFUS JAMES, merchant and postmaster at Omaha, Stewart Co., Ga., son of James and Elizabeth (Harold) James, was born in Twiggs county, Ga.,
Nov. 24,1841. His father was born in Warren county, Ga., where he owned large planting interests, was quite a prominent citizen, and died April 10, 1860. Mr. James was the youngest of eleven children, was reared on the farm and received a fairly good education. When eighteen years of age he went to Forsyth, Monroe Co., where he engaged as clerk with W. B. Pye, wholesale and retail grocery and furniture business, with whom he remained until the beginning of the war between the states, when he enlisted in Company K, Capt. Pinkard, First Georgia regiment, and remained in the service until the surrender. He was in many of the most obstinately contested battles, and was wounded three times--once at Sharpsburg, wounded also at Gettysburg--and received a serious wound at Peters burg, in which last engagement he was with Company I, Sixty-first Georgia regi ment. He was in Jackson hospital at the time of the surrender, after which he was sent to Johnson's island, and after being detained there as a prisoner thirty days, was released. After his release lie came to Houston county, Ga., but soon thereafter went to Macon, Ga., where he served on the police force. About 1869 he went to Dooly county, Ga., where he remained until 1890, when he came to Omaha, built a store-house and roomy hotel and now keeps a hotel, and does a large general merchandising business, which increases even- year. He was a

838

MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

justice of the peace two years, and then resigned. He was appointed postmaster in July, 1891, and still holds the position. He is a prompt and reliable business man, and enjoys the respect and confidence of the community. Mr. James has been married three times. His first marriage was to Miss Mary Stripling, of Houston, Feb. 16, 1866, who died Aug. 28, 1876, leaving two children. He waa then married Jan. 4, 1877, to Susan Annie (Green) Hightower, of Dodd county, who died May 29, 1886, leaving five children. For his third companion he mar ried Miss Ella Udora, daughter of Benjamin Hayslip, a large planter of Leesburg, Lee Co., Ga., by whom he has had five children. The children living are: John F., Willie J., Edgar P., Xannie P., Reuby E. He is a democrat, and both he and Mrs. James are members of the church.

. J. H. LOWE, Richland, is one of Stewart county's most prominent citi zens. He was born in 1833 and is the son of James P. Lowe and Amelia G. (Brown) Lowe, natives of Jones county, Ga. His grandfather was John Lowe, a native of Xorth Carolina, and an early resident of Georgia. James P. Lowe was born in 1800 and grew to manhood on his father's estate in Jones county. In 1830 he married Amelia, daughter of Hollinger Brown, for many years a resident of Jones count}-, but who in 1841 moved to Stewart county. Mr. Hollinger Brown was a prosperous farmer and lived until 1860. To himself and wife were born
seven children, of whom only one is living--Louisa, wife of Thomas J. Brown, deceased. By the marriage of Mr. James P. Lowe six children were born, of whom Col. J. H. Lowe is the only one surviving. The father died in 1858, and the mother in 1888. Both were conscientious members of the Primitive Baptist church. The parents of Col. Lowe moved to Stewart county when he was ten years old. He obtained his education in the county schools and by study after
the work of the farm was finished and the tallow dip was brought into requisition. In 1855 he was married to Lucy Haynes, daughter of James M. Haynes, of Stew art county. After his marriage he continued to reside in Stewart county till the breaking out of the war. Col. Lowe's record as a soldier is a brilliant one, and rarely found surpassed by individuals of either armies. He left home with Com pany G, Thirty-first Georgia regiment, as captain, and in about six months was promoted to the rank of major by election. In October, 1862, he was made lieutenant-colonel by appointment, in which rank he served until the fight at Spottsylvania Court House, in 1864, when he was promoted to colonel, serving in that capacity till the close of the war. Col. Lowe was wounded in a skirmish fight in Virginia, and again in line of battle at Winchester. When hostilities were concluded Col. Lowe returned to his farm. In 1884 he moved his family to Buena Vista. He engaged in mercantile business there for about three years, still retain ing his interests in farming. His store was destroyed by fire and he retired from business. He is now engaged at Richland in the warehouse and cotton brokerage business. He is a democrat and has frequently been called upon to fill official positions of honor and trust He was a resident of Chattahoochee county for a
year or two, and during that time was justice of the inferior court. For about ten years he was school commissioner of Stewart county. He also served two years as a member of the legislature from Stewart county, being elected in 1872. Col. Lowe and wife have been blessed by the birth of nine children :O. E., married and living in Americus; Mattie, wife of J. F. Rushin, of Marion county;
W. H., deceased; Minnie; Sarah; Floyd; James Gordon, at home; W. A., at
Buena Vista; Thomas H., at Alexander City, Ala. Mrs. Lowe belongs to the Baptist church, and Col. Lowe is a member of the Masonic fraternity.

STEWART COUNTY SKETCHES.

gig

^W. M'LENDON. The McLendon family comprises on the male side several prominent farmers of Stewart county, while its connections embrace others,
and even extends out over the state. Wilton McLendon was a son of John Mc
Lendon, of Alabama, where he was born in 1823. He was reared and married there, his wife being Amanda Elizabeth Wall, daughter of a large planter. He died in 1865, and his widow still survives, and is now living with her son in Stewart county. They had four children, three of whom are still living: William J., E. W., the subject of this sketch, and Mrs. Sarah Lee, wife of J. B. Lee, of Pike county, Ga. The sons are extensive famers near Omaha, Stewart county, and their estates lie on the Chattahoochee river. W. J. McLendon was born Dec. IO,
1854, and was reared at the home place. He was married Feb. 14. 1884, to Miss Mary O. McMillan, of Alabama. They have been blessed with four children: Mary, John, Mack and William. E. W. McLendon was married Feb. 4, 1893, to Leila Moye, of Russell county, Ala. They have one child, a babe. The fam ilies of the McLendons all belong to the Baptist church. The old home near Florence, Stewart Co., is nearly sixty years old, and was originally owned by Mathew Averett, great-grandfather of \V- J. and E. W. MeLendon. The Mc Lendons are prosperous farmers, entirely devoted to their vocation, and they con duct their estates on a progressive line, with the most gratifying results.

QAPT. W. J. MABRY, JR., planter, Richland, Stewart Co., Ga., was born in 1820, in Warren county, N. C. The founder of the family in America was
Charles Mabry, an Englishman who in 1717 came to North Carolina from Que bec, Canada. He had been married to a Miss Gibbs, of Irish descent, and con nected with an old Quebec family. He was a planter and fought for independence in the patriot army. One of his sons, W. J., born about 1764, was married to Mary Ann Short, daughter of an old settler in North Carolina. He served with distinction in the war of 1812, and lived in the old Tar Heel state, dying in 1824. His wife survived him and was married the second time to a Miss Baker. They moved to Quebec, where she died in 1876, at the very old age of ninety-six years. She bore to Mr. Mabry the following children: Mrs. Harriet McCartha. de ceased; L. F., Atlanta; Mrs. Ann Jones, of Carroll county; Mrs. Susan Kidd. of Alabama; Seaborn, deceased, and Capt. W. J., the subject of this sketch. The Mabrys have long been democrats and members of the Methodist church. Capt. W. J. Mabry came to Georgia with his uncle when he was six years old and set tled in Lincoln county. There he was educated and when the early inhabitants
were harassed by the murderous Creek Indians he shouldered a musket and aided in the subjugation of that warring tribe. In 1839 he moved to Stewart county and commenced a farming life that has been continued for over half a century. He entered the Mexican war as a private and was promoted to the rank of captain. He participated in the battles of Matamoras and Monterey, was in a trip to the Rocky mountains to move an Indian tribe and back again, was in the front in the engagements at Tampico, Vera Cruz, Alvorado, Sierra Gordo,
Pero, Black Pass, and for six months was in the siege of Mexico. In 1851 he was married to Mary C. Bowers, daughter of Philemon and Mary Ann Bowers, of Stewart county. In the civil war he headed a company, but in Virginia he v as put in the quartermaster's department, and was later transferred to the western armv with the rank of captain. He was in the first battles in Virginia, at Bethel, first'Manassas, Perryville, Ky., Murfreesboro, Tenn., Chickamauga and numer
ous others of smaller importance. After the war he again put his hand to the plow and once more took up the affairs of his farm. Capt. Mabry has five chil
dren: W. W., of Richland; E. N., of Terrell county; T. J. and Philip P. (twins),

MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.
at home; Mrs. Mattie, wife of Isom T. Webb, of Stewart county. Mr. W. W. Mabry is a distinguished Baptist divine. Capt. Mabry, though in the last part of the three-quarter-century walk of life, is robust in appearance and enjoying splendid health, with his mental faculties strong and unimpaired. He was a boy when there was no railroad in the state, and was a visitor in the neighborhood of Atlanta when the site of that thriving city could not boast of a single house. He remembers the event of the laying of the first rail on the first railroad in the United States; of the second one, from Charleston to Aiken, S. C., and of the driving of the first spike in the first road in Georgia--from Macon to Forsyth. He was the personal friend of the first engineer to cross the Chattahoochee river --Mr. Watson.
MAJ. T. A. H. MEYER. Identified with Stewart county in its material in terests and prosperity, and a figure on the pages of the county's war history
is Maj. T. A. H. Meyer, Richland, one of its largest farmers and prominent citizens. He was born on Aug. 12, 1822, in Silverton, Barmvell district, S. C., and was the son of Wiley and Ruth (Parker) Meyer, natives respectively of South Carolina and Virginia. Maj. Meyer's father died when he was a child in arms and he was reared under the care of his mother. His mother dying in 1858. he came to Georgia in the spring of 1859, and on Septem ber 13 was married to Miss Mary Walker, a native of Charleston, S. C., but at that time living in Stewart county. She was the daughter of Alexander Walker, an eminent citizen of Charleston, who married a Miss Canaday, of South Carolina. After marrying Maj. Meyer settled in Augusta, Ga., and engaged in the cotton business. He remained there until October, 1867, when he moved to Americus; lived there until 1874 and then moved to Richland, where he has since lived. In 1871 he commenced merchandising and farming, and continued both until 1889. Maj. Meyer enlisted with the Twenty-second Georgia regiment --Schley rifles--of which he was elected second lieutenant. He was afterward promoted to the rank of captain and was in active service throughout the war. He was in the battles of Warrenton, Antietam, second Manassas and Hagerstown, and was twice wounded. Owing to bad health he was transferred to light duty. Mrs. Meyer, who was an exemplary member of the Methodist church, died Nov. 25, 1883. He was married the second time to Eula Lee Fison, of Randolph county, Ga. Maj. Meyer came to Richland when his store and residence consti tuted the town which is now a beautiful place of 800 people, with many magnificent brick buildings and fine hotel. Situated as it is at the junction of the S. A. & M. and Southern railroads, its prospects are very bright.
r\R- THOMAS B. MILLER. The medical profession of Stewart county for half a century has embraced in its membership a representative of the Miller
family. It was first the father who began his practice in 1843, and stood at the head of the early fraternity; then came the son, who to-day enjoys a reputation that promises to bring him the fame of his parent. Dr. Thomas Bright Miller --was born in Stewart county, April 14, 1854, and was the son of Dr. Bright Miller and Miss Grace Ann Williams, natives of Washington county, Ga. Dr. Miller, Sr., was a poor boy, and never had six weeks' schooling in his life. But he was born with an unconquerable will and an energy to do or die; and the lack of educational advantages did not prevent him from acquiring a thorough in tellectual training and to equip his mind for the successful professional life which followed. He was born in 1816, in Washington county, Ga.. and when eighteen vears old moved to Stewart county and- opened up a store at Moccasin

STKWART COUNTY SKETCHES.

84 E

Gap, now Louvale. But he soon found that his talent directed him to another pursuit in life, and he commenced the study of medicine. He attended a course
of lectures at the medical college of Georgia, Augusta, and was graduated from there in 1843. He returned to Stewart county and located at Union P. O. He
practiced there for fifteen years and distinguished himself by his signal success in his profession and pecuniary matters. He then removed to Lumpkin, where he continued his practice in connection with a drug store until his death. Dr.
Miller was thoroughly devoted to his profession, and all other things were subordinate to this, which explains his fortunate career. Even up to the last
days of his life he was a hard student and an industrious, indefatigable worker. His practice was extensive and he was very frequently called to the surrounding
counties of Quitman, Randolph, Webster, and Chattahoochee for advice and consultation. He amassed a large fortune. The doctor's ancestors were Irish, and in his active life he possessed all the characteristics of that irrepressible race, as embodied in grit and perseverance. In the civil war he served in the Georgia militia for four months. He was nominated several times to represent the county in the general assembly in both the house and senate, but refused all office, though he always manifested great concern in the welfare of the county
and state. Mrs. Dr. Miller was the daughter of Col. Thomas Williams, of Wash ington county, a large farmer and a prominent democratic politician, who rep resented that county in the general assembly a number of terms and died during the war. Mr. and Mrs. Dr. Miller were married in 1847, a"d they had six
children born to them, three of whom are living: John Walker, a farmer of
Lumpkin; Shelby, a merchant of Columbus; and Dr. Thomas Bright, the sub ject of this sketch. The deceased children are Fannie, wife of S. S. Everett, Lumpkin; Mrs. Mollie Lee, wife of R. T. Gregory, Columbus, and Joseph. Dr. Miller, Sr., was a member of the Masonic order from the age of twenty-one, and at his demise was buried by them. He died in 1880, and his widow in 1892. He was a democrat, and himself and wife belonged to the Baptist church.
Dr. Thomas Bright Miller received his education in the Lumpkin schools, and remained at home until he commenced to read medicine. He attended the medi cal college of Georgia, Augusta, and was graduated in 1875. He was asso ciated with his father in the practice for about a year, when he was married to Leah Corrine Cox, of Pineville, Marion county, when he removed to that place and followed his profession for ten years. He returned to Lumpkin in 1885, where he practiced until 1890, when he located in Richland, his present
home. Dr. Miller takes much interest in politics, and has served as an alder man and mayor of Richland, and has been a member of the democratic execu tive committee for many years. Mrs. Miller is the daughter of William and Sarah (Hall) Cox, of Marion county. Mr. Cox was an extensive farmer and also a big merchant, dying in 1882, aged sixty-three years. Mrs. Cox died in 1861. They had a family of six children, of whom Mrs. Miller is the only one living, Mrs. Cox and five children dying during an epidemic of typhoid fever.
Dr. and Mrs. Miller have had four children, of whom two, Willic Bright and Charlie Cox, are now living. In 1882 he attended the female hospital of Phila delphia for four months, receiving special training in diseases of women.

M K. MONK, farmer, Lumpkin, Stewart Co., Ga., son of John and Salive ' (Kendrick) Monk, was born Sept. 15, 1819. His parents were South Caro-
linians, and came to Georgia early in this century. His father was an extensive and a very prosperous farmer, was married four times, and raised a family of fifteen children--seven of whom were step-children. Mr. Monk was roared on

842

MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

the farm, and received such education as the locality and times afforded. In 1843 he went to Arkansas, but in a short time left there and went to New Orleans, where he enlisted as a volunteer for the Mexican war, through which he served. He then returned to Georgia, and in 1861 he enlisted in the Webster (county) rifles, CapL D. B. Harrell, and served through the war. After the surrender he came to Stewart county and engaged in farming. In 1867 he moved to Alabama, where he lived and farmed fifteen years. Then he returned to Georgia and settled at Arlington, Calhoun Co., whence, in a short time he went to Americus, Ga., where he engaged in merchandising two years. Returning to Stewart county he settled down permanently and went to farming, which he has
since prosperously pursued. Mr. Monk is one of the oldest citizens in the county, and is living a very retired life in Lumpkin, where he has a nice com fortable home. Mr. Monk was married March i, 1859, to Miss Mary, daughter of J. L. Griffis, of Randolph county, a union which has been blessed with two children. He has been a member of the masonic fraternity forty years, and he and his wife are members of the Methodist church--his membership covering fifty-three years.

D T. RAY. farmer. Sanford, Stewart Co., was born June 20, 1846, in that part of * the county which is Quitman county. He was the son of James Ray and
Dorothy Bryan. both natives of North Carolina, who came to Georgia after their marriage, and first settled in Macon, about the time of the Indian war of 1835-36. Mr. Tames Ray once owned a big farm on the site of that thrifty city. These pioneers had a family of eleven sturdy children, of whom only one is dead. After a few years' residence in Bibb and Twiggs counties Mr. Ray moved to Florida, but soon returned to Georgia and settled in Stewart county, where he died in August, 1872, aged sixty-five years. His wife, now about eighty-two years old, still survives him and enjoys excellent health. James Ray was a prominent man of his day. strong in character and bright in mind. The family were strict Baptists, and he was a Mason, and devoted to the teachings and precepts of that fraternity. Mr. B. T. Ray has always lived in Stewart county, and there married his wife, Margaret A. McRee, who was born in Stewart county and was the daughter of \V. J. and Mary A. McRee, natives of Xorth Carolina. The McRees were of the Methodist religious faith, and the husband a Mason from early man hood. Mr. McRee shouldered a gun with the state militia during the war, and lived until December, 1877, when he died in his fifty-eighth year. The wife still lives at the age of sixty-three years. After marriage Mr. Ray settled on the farm where he now lives. They have two grown children: William Davis and Benjamin Leon. Mr. Ray broke away from the denomination of his parents and united with the Methodist church, of which his wife had been a member from her girlhood days. Mr. Ray is one of the stewards of the church and a member of the board of trustees. During the last year of the war Mr. Ray enlisted with the state militia under Capt. Cook, and served in defense of Georgia homes and
property.
7 T. SXELLIXG. Richard J. Snelling, one of the pioneers of that part of the county around what is now Richland, Stewart Co., Ga., came from North
Carolina with his family in an ox-cart in the early thirties. He first located on Pataula creek, southwest of Richland, and some few years later he purchased the land upon which Richland is now located, the neighborhood then being familiarly known as Box Ankle. He moved his family there, where he continued to live until his death in 1853 at the age of fifty-six years. In politics he took a very

STEWART COUNTY SKETCHES.
active part and represented the county in the general assembly several times. He was a man well liked, and by his industry and energy became very wealthy. He was charitable and gave with an open hand to the needy. He was married twice. His first wife died soon after coming to Georgia, having borne him eight children. His second marriage was to Mrs. Walker, nee Canaday, of Charleston, S. C. They had seven children. The children by his first wife were: John D., died in Arkansas, leaving a widow who was the daughter of Dr. Charles Austin, of Richland; Mrs. Frances Beaty, wife of Capt J. P. Beaty, of Preston; Mrs. Hannah Hines, now living in Texas; Mrs. Elizabeth Richardson, Smithville, Ga.; Mrs. Susan Bell, Americus; William, died in childhood. Mrs. Walker had two children when she married Mr. Snelling. They were Alexander and Mrs. Mary Meyer. By her second marriage she was the mother of the following: Henry Clay Snelling, deceased; Jennie, wife of Andrew Hill, Jesup, Ga.; Mrs. Mattie Purvis, of Pickens county, Ala.; Mrs. Kossuth Ward, of Newnan, Ga.; Z. T., the subject of this sketch; Mrs. Jennie Flecks, of Augusta, and Richard J., deceased. The mother of these children died in 1879. Mr. Richard J. Snelling, Sr., was an unassuming gentleman with fine business ability, and of a gentle, Christian char acter. He was a lover of the piscatorial art, and greatly enjoyed the sport of fishing. Z. T. Snelling, the fifth child by the second marriage of Richard Snelling, was born in 1848, near Richland, and was just prepared to enter the university of Georgia, Athens, a lad of sixteen years, when his studies were inter rupted by his enlisting with the state militia, Tenth regiment state troops. He served until the close of the war. His company was commanded by Capt. La Fayette Harp, of Chattahoochee county, and did service against Sherman in his march through the state. Mr. Snelling was first married in 1868, his wife being Kate Smith, of Atlanta, daughter of Col. T. T. Smith. Her mother died when she was a child and she was reared by her grandfather, Mr. Green Hill, of Houston county, and was educated in North Carolina. She died in 1868, shortly after her marriage. Mr. Snelling's second wife was Kate Allums, a native of Cusseta, Chattahoochee county, daughter of Judge Allums, of that county. Mrs. Snelling was the granddaughter of Mark George, of Talbot county, was reared in Cusseta and educated in Talbotton, and is the mother of nine children, as follows: Lclia, wife of I. Jones, living near Richland; Mary, James, Julia, Meyer, Andrew, Annie, Jessie, and Flossie. Mr. Snelling and family are members of the Mission ary Baptist church, of which he is a deacon. Mr. Snelling's father was a man that stood very high among the people, and was a man of strong character and unflinching integrity. Mr. Snelling is a democrat, and owns a good farm near Richland, upon which he lives in ease and comfort.
T\ R. WADE, farmer, Sanford, Stewart Co., Ga., was born in Warren county in 1857, and is the son of J. M. Wade and Isabella Wheeler. \Vhen about six
years old Mr. Wade's parents moved to Quitman county, remaining there until after the war, when they located in Stewart county. His education was obtained in the schools of these counties, and until he reached his majority he remained on the home farm helping his father. In 1880 he was married to Theodosia Williams of Stewart county, and soon after established a home on the place where he now lives. His domestic life has been a happy and fortunate one. Of the children born to the parents all are still living. They are: Eula Bell, Robert Lee, Charles Andrew, William Homer Holcomb, and Ellen. Mr. and Mrs. Wade are good Baptists. Mr. Wade, while a leading farmer and popular citizen, takes no special interest in politics, more than to exercise the right of suffrage. He lives on a fine farm near Sanford, Stewart Co.

MEMOIRS OP GEORGIA.
J M. WADE. Among the old families in southwestern Georgia the name of Wade is well known. Hampton T. Wade was the son of one of Georgia's
early settlers and was born in Columbia county about 1807. He was married to Elizabeth G. Bolton, the daughter of Matthew Bolton, an old planter of Columbia county. They had two children, J. M. Wade, the subject of this sketch, and Mary Frances. The father died at the age of thirty years, and the mother after ward became the wife of Mr. Joseph Elliott, of Taliaferro county, and lived until 1857, dying aged fifty-four years. Mr. J. M. Wade was born March 20, 1833, in Wrarren county, and was only three years old when his father died. He lived with his mother until sixteen years old, when he went to the home of his guardian, where he lived to manhood, receiving his education in the Wrightsboro schools. In 1855 ne was married to Isabella Wheeler of Warren county, and after a year's residence in that count}- settled upon a farm in Stewart county, where he now lives. When the civil war broke out he joined his comrades in the rush to the defense of his people, and leaving his young \vife and babe enlisted with the Stark guards of Ouitman count}', Company F, Sixty-first Georgia regiment He served in the army of northern Virginia, and was in the seven days' fight around Richmond, the second Manassas, Sharpsburg, Petersburg, Gettysburg, where he v as wounded, the first and second battles around Fredericksburg, and was in the last struggle at Appomattox, and surrendered with his regiment When hostilities ceased he returned to his family and again began farming. To Mr. Wade and wife have been born six children--four sons and two daughters. Mr. Wade is an enthusiastic democrat, a high Mason, and with his wife belongs to the Baptist church, being a deacon in his congregation. He is an honorable, upright, industrious citizen, enjoying the respect and confidence of all who know him.
D F. WATTS. One of the leading lawyers of Georgia is Judge Richard F. " Watts, of Lumpkin, Ste\vart Co., Ga. Previous to the revolutionary war
John Watts, a Virginian and the son of a Scotchman, moved his family to Georgia. lie was an ardent patriot, and in 1792 was a member of the general assembly of Georgia. He was among the oldest settlers of the state and a man of strong character and much influence. Thomas H. Watts, his son, located in Clay county, was one of the first dozen residents of the county, and lived and died m-ar Ft. Gaines. He was married in Morgan county to Miss Crenshaw, and was engaged in milling. They had eight children, of whom Benjamin Franklin was t!-e eldest. Upon the death of his wife Mr. Thomas H. Watts was married to J-'lizabeth Garner, of Henry county, Ga., a union blessed by eight children, all jr'rls, Mrs. Antoinette Sawyer, of Lumpkin, being the only one living. He died in 1844, aged seventy-two years. Benjamin F. Watts was born in 1807 in Morgan o>unty, Ga., and was sent to Virginia, where he was educated as a civil and irechanical engineer. In 1833 he was married to Emeline Bryan, of Montgomery county. Ga., immediately after which he built a mill property in Lumber City, Telfair Co., Ga. He served an apprenticeship in ship-building at Gasport navy }ard, and was one of the best mechanical engineers of his time. He died in 1847 'at his home at Cordry's (then Watts') Mill. Calhoun Co., Ga. Emeline Bryan, h's wife, was a daughter of Clement Bryan. of Jolmston county, N. C. The father was the son of Xeedham Bryan. Jr.. of Johnston county, N. C., son of Needham Bryan, Sr.. of the same county, who was a son of Needham Bryan, of Bertie county. X. C.. a native of the province of Ulster, Ireland. The ancestry on the maternal side was Scotch-Irish. Clement Bryan's wife was Edith Smith, daughter of Col. David Smith, of Cumberland county, X. C. He was a son of Col. Sam Smith, of Johnston county, X. C., who was l>orn in 1709, and came ever with

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845

several Scotch families to Cross Creek, now Fayetteville, a colony established by
Neil McNeil. Samuel Smith married the daughter of Bryan Whitfield of Lenoir county, N. C. Mr. Bryan Whitfield was the son of William Whitfield, who came from Nansemond county, Va., and married a daughter of the first and eldest Needham Bryan. Needham Bryan, Jr., married Sarah, daughter of Col. John Hinton, Wake county, N. C. Needham Bryan, Sr., married a daughter of Col. John Smith, of Johnston county, who was a brother of Col. Sam Smith, of the same county. Clement Bryan was killed during the Indian war--on his plantation in Randolph county--the battle ground of Ich-a-way (Noch-a-way). All the Bryan family were soldiers in the Creek Indian war. To Benjamin F. Watts and wife were born: John Whitfield; William B.; Thomas B.; Richard F., the subject of this sketch; and Emeline C. Only the last two are now living; Miss Watts is living in Texas. Mrs. Benjamin F. Watts died in 1846 and her husband in 1847. Richard F. Watts was born May 3, 1841. He was very young when his parents died and was reared by his uncle, Loverd Bryan, of Stewart county. He was delicate for many years previous to reaching his majority, and on account of this was sent to Florida, where he obtained his education. He was among the very first to volunteer in the Confederate army, and served throughout the war as a private. After the surrender he returned to Stewart count}- and commenced the study of law, and was admitted to the bar in 1866. He was married the same year to Virginia T., daughter of E. F. Kirksey, who is still living, and who was originally from Mecklenburg county, N. C. Mrs. Watts' grandfather, Jared Invin, Jr., was killed by the Indians in the Creek war. In 1868 Judge Watts was elected ordinary; and in 1882-83, and again in 1886-87, represented Stewart county in the general assembly. In 1888 he was appointed by Gov. Gordon as one of the trustees of the lunatic asylum, and reappointed twice by Gov. Xorthen. Mr. and Mrs. Watts are members of the Methodist church, and Judge Watts is prom inently identified with the I. O. O. F. They have three children: Benjamin Hinton, at present school commissioner of the county; Richard F., Jr., and Helen. Judge Watts enjoys a large practice, both in the state and federal courts.
QEORGE W. WILLIFORD, farmer, Omaha, Ga., was born Nov. 28, 1826, in Warren county, Ga., and is the son of Benjamin C. and Charity (Cobb)
Williford, natives of North Carolina. Benjamin C. Williford left his native state in 1826 and settled in Warren county, Ga. He lived there ten years, and then removed to Pulaski county, afterward to Monroe, and thence to Crawford county, where he died in 1833. His wife survived him, dying in 1850. By this union twelve children were born, only two of whom are living: Mrs. Mary Bailey, of Alabama, and Mr. George W. Williford, the subject of this sketch. The latter was only seven years old when his father died and when a mere youth was compelled to go to work to help support his mother and himself. His first earn ings were $i a month, not a munificent sum, but to the brave lad was sufficient to encourage him in his industrious habits, and well prepare him for the busy life that followed. When about twenty-one years old he moved to Stewart county, where he met and wedded Susan Bullard. This marriage was blessed by ten children, eight of whom are still living. Mrs. Williford died in 1871, and the husband was married the second time, in 1873, to Jennie Cowan, a native and resident of Stewart county. To this union were born ten children, six of whom are still living. The children by the first marriage now living are: Antoinette S., wife of J. B. Collins, of Mitchell county; Mary T, wife of W. J. Carter, of Florence; L. C, W. B., M. C, B. W., W. M., and Minnie Powell, wife of H. M. Powell, of Stewart county; and the children by the second marriage that are still living are: George W., F. C., Charlie, Joe Brown, Grace, and Ruth.

846

MEMOIRS OP GEORGIA.

SUMTER COUNTY.
\Y ILLIS PERRY BURT, one of the leading dentists of Americus, Sumter Co.. Ga., has been for twenty-eight years engaged in that occupation, and has the
reputation of being one of the foremost members of his profession in the state. He was born Sept 6, 1842, in Chambers Co., Ala., and when he was four years old his parents moved to Georgia,. where he was educated in the common schools. When the war between the states broke out he enlisted in the Con federate ranks, joining the Twelfth Georgia regiment On account of physical disability he was discharged from service, but later joined the Forty-sixth Georgia regiment, with which he served until paroled at Greensboro, N. C. As with a vast majority of his fellow-soldiers, Dr. Burt came home penniless. An uncle, L. F. McLaughlin, of Talbotton, Ga., offered to instruct him in dentistry, and, taking up the study, he finished with a course at the famous Baltimore Dental college, in 1867. He was associated with his uncle until 1871, when he removed to Americus, where he has since met with flattering success. Dr. Burt has been a very close student of his profession, but has found time to give some attention to the handling of real estate. A citizen always awake to the interests of his com munity, he has held important public positions in the council chamber, and as a member of the fire department. He is a Knight of Pythias, and as a democrat has assisted in the councils of the party in maintaining Democratic supremacy. On Dec. 13, 1870, Dr. Burt and Miss Kate Chapman were made man and wife in Talbotton, Ga., where her father, Asa W. Chapman, was a respected citizen, dying in 1889. Mrs. Burt is of a family somewhat distinguished in the journalistic field, three brothers being members of that noble craft--James W., editor and publisher of the Washington "Gazette;" Henry A., of the Cartersville "Courier," and Charles B., of the Sandersville "Progress." Dr. and Mrs. Burt are the parents of seven interesting and devoted children, five sons and two daughters. The eldest son, Lynn W., is practicing dentistry with his father, and the second son, Charles Perry, a cadet at the United States Xaval academy, at Annapolis, Md., is now first classman, and will graduate June, 1896, just before he completes his twenty-first year. Dr. Willis Perry Burt, the subject of this sketch, is the second son among eight children born to Joseph J. and Elizabeth G. (Baker) Burt The former was a farmer and merchant, of Summerville, Chattooga Co., Ga., where he died in 1852, a devout member of the Presbyterian church. Mrs. Burl's father, Willis Perry Baker, was a planter and land trader, of Muscogee county, Ga., where he moved in 1827 from Wilkinson county. He was a man of keen foresight, and most progressive. Having faith in the efficacy of commercial fertilizer, he was one of the first men to ship Peruvian guano into Georgia, bringing the first lot to his plantation near Columbus in 1851. As evidencing his foresight he became convinced early in the fifties that slavery was doomed and sold off all his slaves and a large plantation in Baker county, the proceeds of which he invested in North Georgia mineral lands, in Murray county, where he removed and died in 1858.
rHARLES FREDERICK CRISP, speaker of the United States house of representatives, was born in Sheffield, England, Jan. 29, 1843, while his parents
were on a visit to that country. He was educated in the common schools of Georgia, and was admitted to the bar in Americus, Ga., in 1866, after his return from a gallant sen-ice in the civil war, in which he was a lieutenant. His first

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847

practice was in Ellaville, Schley Co., where he remained for several years, serving as solicitor-general in 1872-73. In 1873 he moved to Americus, and in 1877 was appointed judge of the superior court, being elected to the office by the general assembly in 1878 and 1880. He was elected to congress in 1882, and re-elected for every succeeding term. After protracted and excited contests, he was elected
speaker of the house in 1891. As a lawyer, a judge, and a legislator, Mr. Crisp has displayed mental energy, conservatism and broad statesmanship. He pos sesses an imposing person and courtly manner, and is an eloquent speaker. In emergencies, he always comes forward as a leader, owing to a certain dignity and force in his character that commands respect and wields influence.

QOL. ALLEN SHERROD CUTTS, mayor of the thriving city of Americus, Sumter Co., Ga., comes from good English stock, three brothers of the name
having settled in America soon after the revolutionary war. His father, Maj. Cutts, was a native of North Carolina, where his people were slaveK>wning planters,
and of large means. He came to Georgia when a young man, and married and settled in Warren county. He was a veteran of the war of 1812, and was a leading and devout member of the Baptist church. His wife was Elizabeth Mad-
dox, daughter of Judge Maddox, a family which is of fine standing in Georgia, and which has a large and influential relationship in Maryland. Col. Alien S. Cutts was born in Pulaski county, Ga., Dec. 4, 1827. He began life for himself by clerking in mercantile establishments, and in 1851 began a business of his own in Oglethorpe, then the terminus of the Central railroad. Conducting that busi ness with success until 1854, he removed to Americus, near which he purchased a farm the following year, and became a planter, meanwhile dealing in cotton in
the fall of the year. In 1858 he resumed mercantile life with the firm of Cutts & Johnson, in Americus, which he continued until the firm was dissolved by both members enlisting in the army. Since the war he has been engaged extensively
as a planter and cotton factor. Col. Cutts is one of the few who won his
title on the battle-field, being a veteran of two wars. When the call was made for troops for service in Mexico in 1846, he entered an artillery company as a private, and served until the close of that brief and triumphant struggle. When
the civil war opened, his knowledge of the artillery service brought him into prominence at once, and he organized and was made captain of the Sumter Flying artillery. Leaving for the seat of war, the company was equipped with guns
captured at first Manassas, and from that time participated in a large number of the most sanguinary battles of the war. In 1863 Capt Cutts was rapidly pro moted for gallant conduct and efficiency, from captain to major, to lieutenantcolonel, and finally to the full colonelcy. He passed through the entire period ot four years with but a slight wound, and was at home sick when the surrender was made. The life of Col. Cutts has been a most useful one to his state, his county
and to his city. Again and again he has been complimented with positions ol
public trust; and it is due him to say that never has he betrayed the confidence thus reposed in him. He was the sheriff of Sumter county in 1856-57. He was a member of the constitutional convention in 1865, and represented Sumter county in the lower house of the legislature in the sessions of 1890-91. He is now, and has been for several terms, mayor of the city. Always an earnest friend to all
educational interests, he was one of the originators, and has been a member of the board of education since its establishment, and was for a period of years a trustee
of the Female college in Americus. The marriage of Col. Cutts was con summated with Miss Fannie O. Brown, of Monroe county, June 17, 1854. She was a daughter of James V. Brown, a prominent planter of that county, and has

J

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MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

borne seven children, four of whom are living: Ernest A., cotton dealer in Savannah; Claude S., planter and cotton factor at Marshallville; Eldridge H., lawyer, and at present stenographer to the supreme court, and Inez M., at home. The principles of the democratic party embody Col. Cutts" political belief, and he is a member of the Methodist church. He is a Knight Templar, and past grand commander of the state.

JOHN I. DARLEY, an eminent physician and surgeon of Americus, Sumter Co., Ga., was born June 18, 1851, in Stewart county, the son of John W. and Susan (White) Darley. His grandfather, Isaac Darley, was a North
Carolinian, his wife, Mary, being a daughter of Henry B. Lee, of Virginia. His maternal grandfather was Capt John White, a wealthy planter of Xorth Carolina and prominent in the local militia service prior to the war. Dr. Barley's father was an extensive planter of North Carolina, and died in the Confederate service during the war at the age of thirty-two. Dr. John I. Darley is one of the most
profoundly educated physicians in Georgia, and though a comparatively young
man. has established a reputation as a writer on medical jurisprudence which ex tends throughout the entire country. After securing a good academic education
he attended the Alabama Medical college for a period, went thence to Louisville, and was graduated in the spring of 1880. In 1888 he took the medical course in Tulane university, New Orleans, La., and in 1891, a post-graduate course in the celebrated New York polyclinic. Commencing active work in his profession
in 1875 in Columbia, S. C, he continued there until 1892, part of that time asso ciated with that celebrated physician, Dr. Dowling. In that year he removed to Americus, where, after a few months, he became associated with Dr. R. E. Cata. They occupy a large place in the confidence of the best citizens of Americus and do an extensive practice in the surrounding towns. Dr. Darley is also the sur geon for the Central railroad. The doctor has always taken a keen interest in everything looking to the advancement of his profession, and has frequently associated himself with medical societies. He was a member of the Alabama State Medical society while in that state, and is now connected with the Georgia society. As a railroad surgeon he is a member and secretary of the Central association of the state. As before stated, Dr. Darley wields a facile pen in matters
pertaining to his profession, and is a. frequent contributor to medical journals. Treatment of Transmatic Epilepsy, with Report of Cases, appeared in the "Medi cal Monthly" for May, 1893, and drew forth flattering comments from the medical
press. Another on the treatment of shock appeared in the "Southern Medical Record." A paper read by the doctor before the State Medical association last
year on Puerperal Septicaemia was copied in several journals and received marked attention, as did one on pneumonia the previous year. Fraternally Dr. Darley affiliates with the F. & A. M., the Royal Arcanum and the A. L. H. society. While a resident of Columbia he took quite an active interest in public affairs, serving as councilman several terms and in the mayor's chair. He is a democrat in politics and the Methodist church holds his membership and receives his support. Dr. Darley has been twice married--the first time to Miss Londie Espy, of Lawrence. Ala., Oct. 29, 1879. This lady was the daughter of a Mr. Espy, one of the most extensive planters in southeast Alabama, prominent as a Confederate soldier and legislator. She died March 10, 1883, leaving one daughter, Susie. The second marriage occurred Dec. 18, 1884, in Lawrence, Ala., to Lavonia, daughter of James R. Hill, a large planter and dealer in agri
cultural implements.

SUMTER COUNTY SKETCHES.

849

JUDGE ALLEX FORT, of Americus, Ga., ex-judge of the superior court of the southwestern circuit, and at present railroad commissioner of the state of
Georgia, is the son of James Fort and Mary A. Belcher, and the descendant of a noble line of ancestors. Judge Fort was born near Lumpkin, Stewart Co., Ga., July 14, 1849. His early education was begun in the common "old field" schools of the neighborhood. His advancement in his studies was rapid and thorough, and at the age of seventeen years he entered the state university at Athens, Ga., and graduated in the spring of 1867, after a remarkable record--sharing the first honor of his class with Samuel Spencer, of Columbus, and receiving the A. M. degree. He began the study of law under the careful direction of Judge Willis Hawkins, of Americus, and shortly after was admitted to practice. His career has been a most eventful one, combining the sentiments of a great, noble heart, a generous, gentle disposition and forensic ability and general legal talent. His versatile powers have often been harnessed to the duties of the state, and yielded in every instance a harvest of valuable results. In 1872 Judge Fort was chosen to represent his county in the lower house of Georgia's general assembly, and
while a member of this body, through untiring labor, gave to Americus her ex cellent public school system. For this alone he will be forever endeared to the citizens of that community. In 1876 he was appointed a delegate to the national democratic convention at St. Louis; which nominated the Tilden-Hendricks ticket. His service on this occasion has received unstinted commendation. He welded a powerful influence among the southern democrats. While absent from
his home, his name without his knowledge was presented for election to the legis lature, and he was overwhelmingly re-elected in 1876. For the terms 1878-79-80 he was re-elected. During 1878-79 he served as chairman pro-tern, of the railroad and judiciary committees and for the administration of railroads provided state bonds that have saved Georgia large amounts of money. With W. R. Rankin, of Gordon county, he made a noted fight. Together they succeeded in passing the Fort-Rankin bill, which is to-day the railroad commission law of Georgia. In 1882 he resumed the practice of his profession and a few months thereafter was appointed judge of the superior court, southwestern circuit, and in 1887 was re-elected for a term of four years. He is an upright, fearless and capable officer.
In 1891 Judge Fort was appointed railroad commissioner by Gov. Northen, and
now holds that position. In 1894 he succeeded Hon. W. Y. Atkinson as chairman of the state democratic committee, and has occupied the offices of president and vice-president of the national convention of railroad commissioners. Judge Fort
on Dec. 13, 1876, was united in marriage to Miss Floyd Hollis, a beautiful, ac complished young lady of Buena Vista, Ga. Judge Fort was a great favorite of
Gen. Robert Toombs, then in the prime of his strong cultured manhood. He advocated the same principles on certain questions of great moment and was considered the successor of that eminent statesman.

f)R. GEORGE TWIGGS MILLER, physician and surgeon, Americus, Sumter Co., Ga. The gentleman whose name introduces this sketch is a native of
South Carolina, where he was born Sept 8, 1853, in the county of Aiken. He is a physician of excellent practice and standing in the enterprising city of Ameri cus, where he and his family hold a respected and esteemed place in the hearts of the best citizens. The father of Dr. Miller, Jonathan M. Miller, was a native of Edgefield district, S. C., to which his father before him, John Miller, had migrated from Virginia. This gentleman was a man of great force of character and of excellent financial thrift, owning immense landed property and an exten sive and profitable shad fishery, which descended to his children. He was a
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g-o

MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

captain in the war of 1812, and lived to a ripe old age. His son grew to manhood
in Edgefield district, and became himself a man of ample means, and of the very
highest influence and character. A zealous and firm believer in the tenets of the Baptist church, his influence was widely felt, and he became a power for good
in his community. He married Miss Margaret Smith, the daughter of Wm. W. Smith, who was a native of Glasgow, Scotland, and who settled in Charleston, where he married a Miss Righton. He was for many years a banker and business
man of that city, and died there at the age of eighty-five. His wife was of Hugue not extraction. One son, Wm. Francis Smith, was a graduate of West Point
and rendered distinguished service in the Mexican war. To Jonathan and Mar garet Miller were born twelve children, seven of whom are still living. At the
ripe ages of eighty-four and seventy they still enjoy excellent health and now
reside with their daughter, the wife of Hon. J. Pope Brown, of Pulaski county. Dr. G. T. Miller was given an excellent literary education and had the advantage
of some of the best instructors, among them being the present ex-governor of Georgia, William J. Northen. In 1877 he graduated from the Augusta Medical college, and since then has been engaged in the pursuit of his profession in Dooly and Houston counties, and for the past eight years at Americus. He is a member of the Georgia Medical association, of which he has been first vice-president, and
he and his family are Baptists. The nuptials of Dr. Miller and Miss Katie Karleen Killen were celebrated in Perry, Ga., June 23, 1887, Mrs. Miller being the daughter of John and Annie (Cox) Killen. Her father was a leading merchant of Perry. Her paternal grandfather, CoL Samuel Doddridge Killen, was a noted lawyer,
and for years was judge of the county court of Houston county, a terror to evil doers. Two sons and a daughter have come to add life and light to the doctor's
household: William Cox. Alex. Lawton and Annie Margaret.

TALIAFERRO COUNTY.
UORACE M. HOLDEN, lawyer, Crawfordville, Taliaferro Co., Ga., son of William F. and Xancy (Moore) Holden--natives, respectively, of Warren and
Taliaferro counties, Ga.--was born in Taliaferro county, March 5, 1866, the fourth of five children--four boys and one girl. His father was a man of prom inence and large influence, and very popular. Mr. Holden's primary education was obtained at the common schools of the county, and then, when twelve years of age, he attended a classical school at Newnan, Ga. He next attended a school taught at Harlem, Columbia Co., Ga., by Otis Atmore, now widely and favorably known as the distinguished astronomical editor of "Crier's Almanac." He then entered the university of Georgia, Athens, from which he was graduated in 1885, with a class in which were William H. Barrett, Irvin Alexander, Joe Gross, Joe Burdett and Billy Osborne--some of the brightest of a very bright class. He immediately commenced the study of law in 1886, and when only nineteen years of age, was admitted to the bar. Such are the ability and geniality of Mr. Holden, combined with an inherited winning affability of character, that he at once gained a deep and strong hold on the popular heart and mind, and has grown wonderfully fast in public favor and professional reputation. During the congressional con test between Watson and Black, their first joint debate was held at "Liberty hall,"

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85!

the old Stephens homestead at Crawfordville, on which occasion Mr. Holden presided and introduced both speakers. And, on unveiling of the monument
erected by the people of Georgia to the memory of Alexander H. Stephens-- Georgia's great commoner-governor--Mr. Holden was the honored master of ceremonies, and his wife did the unveiling. Mr. Holden was happily married June I, 1893, to Miss Mary, daughter of W. and Mary (Stephens) Cony, of Greene county, Ga., her mother being a niece of ex-Gov. Stephens. To them one child,
a son, has been born. Mr. Holden is already one of the most popular men in the county, and unquestionably has a brilliant professional and political future before him.

TATTNALL COUNTY.
BENJAMIN BERRY BREWTON, farmer, was born in Tattnall county, about two miles from where he now resides--a half mile from Bellville--and was the
son of Benjamin and Charlotte Brewton, of Tattnall county. His father and mother had several children, as follows: Nathan Brewton, deceased; Nancy, wife of D. H. Smith, deceased; Charlotte Asbury; Alexander, deceased; Matilda, wife of Tames H. Wilkinson; Martha, wife of William E. Tippins; Jonathan B.; Emanuel. Mr. B. B. Brewton married Candacy Tippins, daughter of William W. and Mary Tippins, of Tattnall county, Sept 29, 1863. This marriage has been blessed with many children, viz.: Andrew Jackson, born July 6, 1864; William Henry, Dec. 21, 1865; Mary, born Sept 17, 1867; Martha B., born June 20, 1869; Nancy, C., born May 27, 1871, died Oct. 20, 1872; David Giles, born Sept 7, 1875, died April 3,1889; Charley M., born Sept. 18, 1879, died Oct. 6, 1879; Robert B., born July 31, 1873; George Asbury, born Oct. 9, 1879; F. Theodore, born May, 1882. Mr. B. B. Brewton has been engaged in farming and the timber trade for many years. He is a member of the Methodist church at Brewton, named in honor of the family. He is very liberal, and, besides contributing freely to the support of the church, gave a large amount toward the building of the Bellville academy. When the town of Bellville was laid out, Mr. Brewton owned most of the property upon which it was built, and still holds many of the lots. His farm reaches the corporate limits of the town. When the war broke out he enlisted in the Con federate army, under Capt Daniel Johnson, Col. John H. Lamar, and in Gen. John B. Gordon's brigade. He was in the battle of Gettysburg, battle of Fredericksburg, was at Richmond, the battle of the Wilderness, and in various other fights in Virginia. He was at Winchester, and there captured and sent to Point Lookout prison. He was also wounded in the battle of Gettysburg. Mr. Brewton is one of the most prominent citizens in this section of the county, and is very much interested in the improvement and development of Bellville.
f)AVID JESSIE BREWTON, real estate dealer, Bellville, Ga., was born April 26,1858, in Tattnall county. His father was Nathan J. Brewton, a farmer, born
Dec. 6, 1828, and died Feb. 14, 1861. His mother was Jane Elizabeth, a daughter of Jesse and Elizabeth Durrence, who was born Nov. 4, 1833, and married to Mr. Brewton July 27, 1848. Upon his death, she married, Jan. 7, 1865, Alien Jones Sikes, and both are now living. Nathan J. and Jane Elizabeth Brewton had born to them several children: Charlotte Elizabeth, Joseph Chandler, William Baker, David Jesse, and two who died in infancy. There were six children by

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MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

Alien Sikes, viz.: Frances Eugenia, Melville Thomson, Ida Lelia, Commodore Perry, Henry Alien, and Eugene Wilber. David Jessie Brewton married Miss Euzebia E. Hendrix, a daughter of S. A. and Rebecca Hendrix. She was born Feb. 13, 1861, and was married Feb. 16, 1879. They have several children: Alien Jackson, born Jan. 16, 1880, died May 24, 1881; Nettie lola, born Sept g, 1881; Benjamin Lester, born Dec. 5, 1883; Rosa May, born Aug. 17, 1886; Minnie Neta, born 17, 1889, died April 25, 1894; Maudie Durean, born June -5, 1891. Mr. Brewton joined the Methodist church in October, 1871, at Brewton's church, and has belonged to that congregation ever since. He has been a steward for many years, and a teacher in the Sunday-school. His wife is also a member of the same church. Mr. Brewton left home in 1874 to attend school, and was given a good education. After he finished his schooling he ran a wagon train two years, hauling goods from Savannah into Tattnall and surrounding counties. He farmed for about ten years, and in 1890 located in Bellville and took hold to help build up the school there. In two years he placed this school in the front rank of Georgia high schools, and it was not surpassed by a like school in Tattnall county. About loo pupils were in attendance. He was then induced to help the school at Hagan, and in connection with his school duties, conducted a merchandise store. So suc cessful had been his educational services that he was in demand, and next year he started helping in a school at Claxton. There was no school at Bellville .or Hagan when Mr. Brewton moved to these towns, and in three years there was an average attendance at the three schools of 238, and $2,500 in salary was paid for instruction. In 1804 he returned to Bellville, in order to help in the school, leaving the others in a prosperous condition. In addition to his duties in that respect he is engaged in dealing in real estate and stocks. He also owns an oyster farm and fisheries on the Atlantic coast, where he expected to make his home in the future, but, finding that he could not build up a school in that locality, has moved to the South Georgia college, in order to educate his children.

JOHN H. CLIFTON, planter, Lyons, Tattnall Co., Ga., son of William and

Susan (Sharpe) Clifton, was born in Tattnall county, March 12, 1839. His

grandfather on his father's side was Ezekiel Clifton, who, when a young man,

came from Roanoke county, N. C, and was among the early settlers in this part

of southeastern Georgia. He married Miss Elizabeth Roberts, a native of Screven

county, Ga., and engaged in stock raising. William Clifton, father of the subject

of this sketch, also made a life pursuit of farming and stock raising, but having

developed under the instruction of Christopher Bowland, the famous Irish mathe-

'

matician, unusual mathematical ability, made an enviable reputation as a surveyor..

i

He was employed by the United States government to survey portions of the

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Cherokee country in north Georgia, and was very highly complimented by the

j

then governor of the state for the excellence of his work. He served at various

;

times as clerk of the court and as a justice of the inferior court, and represented



the county in the general assembly. He died Dec. 21, 1873. His widow, born

Feb. i, 1820, still survives, and is living on the old homestead in the southern

part of Tattnall county. His grandfather on his mother's side, Maj. John T.

Sharpe, was the son of a soldier in the revolutionary war, a prosperous fanner

and a prominent politician, having represented the county several times in the

general assembly. Mr. Clifton's parents reared to maturity nine children, seven of

whom are now living: Maria, born April 22, 1837, married Dr. John Rambo,

:

of South Carolina, who spent the latter part of his life in Georgia and died at

Valdosta. He was a surveyor in the Confederate army. They had one child,

Willie, who is a teacher in Tattnall county. Mrs. Rambo died March 14, 1862;

John H., the subject of this sketch; Harrison, tforn April 12, 1841, farmer, Tattnall

TATTNALL COUNTY SKETCHES.
county, married Miss Fannie Smith, has nine children; Thomas, born April 6, 1843, farmer, Tattnall county, married Miss Sallie Shcpard, of Liberty county, Ga., has eight children, has represented the second senatorial district in the general assembly; Elizabeth, born April 5, 1845, married Capt. S. D. Bradwell; Ezekiel, born Dec. 7, farmer, Tattnall county, married Miss Viola Brannan, of Bulloch county, has had six children; Emma, born March 2, 1852, married John Dicstel, born in Hamburg, Germany, now farmer, Tattnall county, has three children; William, born June 29, 1854, married Miss Helen Raymond, North Lyme, Conn., who died without issue, and he married Miss Wilhelmina A. Hilton, of Mclntosh county, one child. He is a prominent lawyer in Savannah, Ga., and has repre sented Chatham county two terms in the general assembly; Benjamin Hill, born Aug. 9, 1856, died Oct. 19, 1890. Mr. Clifton was educated in the common schools of the country. He enlisted (as did his brothers Thomas and Harrison) in Company G, Fifth Georgia cavalry, state troops. The command was with Gen. Johnson's forces, and participated in the battles at Kennesaw Mountain, around and at Atlanta, Nashville, and at Bentonville, N. C.,.remaining in the army until the surrender. After the war he engaged in farming, and to a limited extent in the manufacture of naval stores. He represented the second senatorial district in the general assembly four years before the adoption of the constitution of 1877, and was elected to represent the same district in the first election held after its adoption. He was in the senate during the celebrated impeachment trial of Goldsmith and Renfroe, etc. These continued honors indicate a popularity and public confidence quite rare, and undoubtedly gratifying to the recipient. Mr. Clifton was married April 19,1883, to Miss Amanda Coursey, born Aug. 13, 1868, daughter of T. J. Coursey, of Montgomery county, Ga. To them six children have been born: Olivia Robie, born Aug. 28, 1884; William Clisby, born March 6, 1886; Minnie Lou, born March 16, 1888; Benjamin Hill, born Feb. 8, 1890; Susan, born Feb. 21, died Dec. 27, 1892, and Minis Hunter, born April 14, 1894. Mr. Clifton is quietly enjoying the pleasures and comforts of a well-spent life, and of a bright and lovely family circle at his home in the western part of the county.
DETER CLIFTON, naval stores manufacturer, Tattnall county, Ga., postoffice. Lyons, son of Thomas E. and Mary (McGill) Clifton, was born in Tattnall
county Jan. 19, 1851. The Cliftons came from North Carolina to Georgia, and Mr. Clifton's grandfather and father, farmers, were born in Tattnall county. His grandfather, on his mother's side, Peter McGill, emigrated from Scotland to North Carolina, and thence to Tattnall count}', Ga. Mr. Clifton, whose father died in 1871, was the fifth in birth of nine children reared to maturity, and of whom five are now living. Mr. Clifton received a fairly good country school education, and, on reaching manhood, went to farming and engaged in the timber business. Con tinuing his valuable farming interests, he commenced the manufacture of naval stores on a large scale in 1881, at Appleton, in the eastern part of Montgomery county, Ga., and, in connection therewith conducts a general merchandise store. He has managed all these enterprises with the most satisfactory results. In 1892 he was elected from Tattnall to the general assembly, and was made chairman of the committee on internal improvements. Energetic and enterprising, he exercises no small influence in his immediate community and the county. Mr. Clifton has been twice married--first, to Miss Mary E. Gibbs, daughter of Hiram Gibbs, of Mont gomery county. This union was blessed with six children, three of whom died in childhood." This wife died in 1884. His second wife was Miss Lottie E. Sharpe--born in 1865--daughter of Littleton and Caroline (McAllister) Sharpe,

1

854

MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

of Montgomery county, who has borne him two children: Lester, born in 1890, and Kate, born in 1892. Mr. Clifton is a royal arch Mason, and a member of Vidalia chapter, Vidalia, Montgomery Co.

r\ V. COLEMAN, manufacturer and fanner, Ohoopee, Tattnall Co., Ga., was born in Columbus county, N. C, March 24, 1859. He moved to Mont
gomery county, Ga., in 1882, and three years later settled in Tattnall county. He was the son of B. V. and E. A. Coleman of Columbus county, N. C. The father died in 1892 in Tattnall county, Ga. His remains were carried back to Columbus
county, N. C, and were buried in the cemetery at Porter Swamp Baptist church. The mother still lives and resides in Tattnall county. She was married first to J.
A. McClosky, and after his death married Mr. B. V. Coleman. There were two
children by Mr. McCIoskey: J. R. and S. A., the first living in Florida and the
latter at Vidalia, Montgomery Co. By B. V. Coleman there were four children:
J. S., born Nov. 16,1856; D. V.; Mary E., wife of W. H. Page, born Aug. 27, 1861;
N. R, born March i, 1864, and died July 14, 1888. Mr. D. V. Coleman married
Miss Mattie Hayes, of South Carolina, Oct. 12, 1887. She is the daughter of A. G. and E. If. Hayes, of Marion county, S. C. To this union have been born
four children: Lena O., born Sept 22, 1888; Arthur W., born Feb. 16, 1889;
Annie B., born Aug. 25, 1890, and Mattie V., born Dec. i, 1894--all living. Mr.
D. V. Coleman is engaged in the manufacturing of naval stores, and turns out at his still in Tattnall county about 700 barrels of spirits turpentine and 2,500 barrels
of resin annually. He is also interested in another plant in Tattnall county which produces about 500 barrels of spirits and 2,000 of resin. He employs about sixtyfive hands, and operates about 175,000 boxes on his individual farm and about 125,000 at the farm he is a partner in. He is also engaged in fanning in North
and South Carolina, and conducts a mercantile business in Ohoopee, Tattnall Co. He has been engaged in the manufacture of naval stores for about nine years. Most of his turpentine and resin are shipped to Savannah.

JIMERSON M. COLLINS, merchant, Quince, Tattnall Co., Ga., son of John and Mary A. Collins, was born in Tattnall county May 26, 1854. His paternal
grandfather, Josiah Collins, was a native of North Carolina, whence, when a young man, he came to Georgia. Mr. Collins' father was a farmer all his life, was a member of the Primitive Baptist church, and died in 1885 aged seventy-nine years. His mother, still living, is a member of the same church, and is eighty years of age. They were the parents of fourteen children, of whom six survive: Joshua; Stephen; Jimerson; Julia, wife of Bryant Jones, Bulloch county, Ga.; Susan,
wife of E. H. Hancock, Richmond county, Ga., and Eliza, wife of L. L. Hodges,
Tattnall county. Mr. Collins was educated at the common schools of the county, and when twenty-one years of age was engaged as a clerk in the store of Mr. Jarrall, at Ohoopee, Ga. After six years' service as a clerk Mr. Jarrall advanced
him to a partnership and two years later sold out to him, and Mr. Collins has continued the business on his own account down to the present time. He has been in business in Cobbtown since 1884, has been very successful, and has a
splendid property in and near Cobbtown, where he has a fine residence. In addition to his store he has a good farm, and operates a ginnery. Absorbed in his business interests he has cared nothing for office, yet in 1894 the democrats cast about for a man popular enough to beat the populists. They decided upon Mr.
Collins, nominating him over very strong opposing candidates, and electing him
over the populist candidate by a handsome^majoriry, although the state demo cratic ticket was defeated in the county. He' started in life with a meager educa-

TATTNALL COUNTY SKETCHES.

s-

/*/

tion, no capital except good health, uprightness of character, industrious and economical habits, and a determination to rise in the world. So far his youthful
anticipations have been more than realized. His future is bright. Mr. ColJins
was married in October, 1886, to Miss Maggie, daughter of Jackson and Roxa Bird, and to them four children have been born: Mertie, Carl, Eva and Dean. Mr. Collins is a member of the masonic fraternity.

JOSEPH LUMPKIN COWART, farmer, Collins, \vas born Nov. 20, 1849, in Tattnall county, and was the son of James Cowart, a leading farmer of the
county. James Cowart was sheriff of the county for a number of years, and was born in Tattnall in 1814, and lived there all his life. He had t\vo sons and one daughter. The oldest son, Frank, was boru July n, 1847, and the daughter, Georgia, born July n, 1847, married Joseph H. Buford, and lives in Nassau county, Fla. Joseph Cowart is a farmer by occupation, and is also engaged in saw milling. He has served as constable and road commissioner, and is a man highly esteemed by his neighbors. He has several living children and others dead,
as follows: Kate, born in 1887; Lottie, born in 1888; Sophronia, born in 1891; James Benjamin, born Feb. i, 1880; Thomas, born April 4, 1882; Cleveland Lamar, born March 3, 1884; Hix, bom May 15, 1893; Oscar Napoleon, born May, 1874; the dead: Clara, born in April, 1876, and died March, 1888; Florida, born Feb. 26, 1878, and died Nov. 7, 1880. Mr. Cowart is a member of Mt. Horeb Primitive Baptist church. Frank P. Cowart, fanner and brother of Joseph L. Cowart, was educated in the schools of Tattnall county, and for several years was employed as teacher. He then engaged in farming which he has since con tinued. He is a teacher of the Primitive Baptist church and clerk of Andersen's
congregation.
WASHINGTON MANASSAS FOY, merchant and manufacturer, Manassas, Gal, was born near Egypt, Effingham Co., Jan. 23, 1862. He was the son of
George W. and Mary Jane Foy, the husband having been born Oct. 23, 1825, in Effingham county, two miles from Egypt, and has been a resident of that county all his life. He was a farmer, a lumber and timber dealer, and was the oldest of sixteen children. He is still living, and is a faithful member of the Baptist church, and a high Mason. He was married to Mary Jane Brinson of Screven county, Ga., a daughter of Simon Brinson. There were born to them five children, viz.: Entoil Tallulah; Geo. Brinson, deceased: Ida Gertrude: Washington Manassas; and Edward Jackson. Mr. \Y. M. Foy married Miss Maxie Poneta Olliff, of Excelsior, Bulloch Co., a daughter of W. W. and America Kenedy Olliff. They were married July 8, 1891, and have two boys, both dead, Geo. W., born Nov. 9, 1892, and died at fourteen months; and William Olliff, who died when nine months old. Mr. W. M. Foy first entered the turpentine and sawmill business when he began life on his own account. He sold out the latter and has in recent years been engaged in raising sea island cotton, in the manufacture of turpentine and resin, and in his mercantile interests. He came to the place where he now resides Nov. 18, 1889. It was just before the S. & W. railroad was built, and liking the location he laid out the town of Manassas and so named it, and built the first house. The neat little town now has over 250 people, and bids fair to increase for many years to come. The principal shipments from the place are naval supplies, lumber and sea island cotton. He has three places for manufacturing the former, and the past year produced two thousand barrels of spirits of turpentine and eight thousand barrels of resin, and employs about 125 laborers, which is the largest output in this section of the state. He operates about 525,000 boxes, which increased in 1805 about twenty per

856

MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

cent Mr. Foy's merchandise trade in his store at Manassas is about $25,000 annually. Mr. Foy attended school for several years at a private institution situ ated near his father's home. He entered Mercer college in 1880, and graduated in 1883 at the state university at Athens. He is a member of the Kappa Alpha fraternity. He and his wife joined the Baptist church at Excelsior, Bulloch Co., and transferred their letters and helped organize the church at Manassas. The town of Manassas has a fine school, and in a business way is considered one of the best towns on the S. & W. railroad. The place is located with natural drainage, which is a great health protector. It is in the heart of the pine timber belt,
and is surrounded by splendid farming lands. Near it is the largest saw mill in the county, which cuts about 40,000 feet per day. The town was commenced in 2889, an<l promises in the next decade to show a marvelous increase in popula tion. Mr. Foy is regarded as one of Tattnall's best business men. He is progress ive, and does not hesitate to go into any enterprise which will redound to the development of Manassas and his country.

J D. HUGHES, farmer, Lyons, was born March 4, 1848, in Montgomery

county, and is the son of Duncan and Catherine Hughes. The parents moved

from Xorth Carolina to Georgia. The mother has been dead nearly half a century

but the father, though now seventy-eight years old, is hale and hearty and does

a day's work with an case equal to that of a quarter of a century ago. J. D.

Hughes has all his life been a farmer and dealer in timber, and is now so en

gaged. He was married Sept. 17, 1869, to Nancy Adorn, and by her has had one

child, Sarah Catherine, born Sept. 4, 1870. The wife died Oct. 12, 1870,

li

and his second marriage was to Martha Sharpe, daughter of Rev. John P.

5

Sharpe. To this union seven children have been born: Mary Eveline, born

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Jan. 30,1878; Duncan Robert, born Dec. 21, 1879; Agnes Z. Vizell, born March

I

15, 1882; James Thomas, born Nov. 5, .1884; Martha James, born Feb. 12, 1887;

1

Perry \V., born Sept. 9, 1889; John Stephens, born May 13, 1892--all living.

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Mr. Hughes has been successful in life and owns a nice farm and home, situated

!

near Lyons. He possesses splendid business capacities, and displays excellent

judgment in his business ventures.

IOHX HL'GHEY, retired teacher, and county school commissioner, Riggton,

;

Tattnall Co., Ga., son of John and Elisha (Perry) Hughey, was born in Tattnall

<

county Sept. I, 1837. His father was born in South Carolina in 1794, and when

:

qi'.ite a young man came to Georgia and settled in Morgan county. He was a

[

i'jldier in the war of 1812, and was twice wounded. In 1820 he removed to

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Tattnall county, where, in addition to farming, he followed mill-wrighting. His

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mother was born in Virginia, and was the daughter of Dr. James Perry, who

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moved from Virginia to Tattnall county, Ga., early in the present century, and

vvas the first practicing physician in the county. He was also clerk of the superior

court from 1812 to 1828. Mr. Hughey's parents had ten children born to them,

of whom four are now living. John, the subject of this sketch, being the youngest

of the family. His mother died in 1838. Mr. Hughey's father married for his

second wife'Miss Hannah Pearson. daughter of John Pearson, who migrated from

Pennsylvania to Tattnall county. This lady was the sister of John Pearson, now

a citizen of the county, and is reputed to have been one of the most intellectual

women ever born in the county. By this second marriage Mr. Hughey's father

had eight children born to him, of whom five are now living. He removed to

Orange county. Fla.. in 1846. where ho died in 1883. In early life--during child

hood ami youth--Mr. Hughey had the great benefit of the superior advanced

I

TATTNALL, COUNTY SKETCHES.

857

instruction under his accomplished stepmother, and later attended an academy of high reputation in Heard county two years, whose then principal is now pro fessor of Greek in the university of Wisconsin. Mr. Hughey began life as a teacher in Orange county, Fla., where he taught one year. He then engaged for a year in steamboating on the St John's river. From that he embarked on a sea-faring life, and followed that until 1860, when he suffered shipwreck at Cape Canavarel on the Atlantic coast of Florida. He then came to Appling county, Ga., and engaged in teaching. When the war between the states began he enlisted (in 1861) in Company B, Fifty-fourth Georgia regiment, which was assigned to duty in the army of the west, and served successively under Gens. Beauregard, Johnson, Hood and others until the last gun was fired. After the surrender he returned to Appling county, and resumed teaching, adopting it as a profession. He taught in Appling and Tattnall counties nine years. Retiring from his profession he turned his attention to farming, in which pursuit his intelligent care and attention has been followed with most satisfactory results. Progressive farming and his public duties fully occupy his time and give employ ment to his mind, while gratifying his public spirit. In 1874 he was elected county commissioner of education and has continuously held it, unopposed, until the present time. He has the teachers and schools better organized and the schools under better discipline than is found in any other county in what is known as the "wire grass" portion of the state. Mr. Hughey was married Nev. 23, 1870, to Miss Nannie Tillman--born March n, 1847--daughter of CoL Joseph Tillman, of Appling county. Seven children are the offspring of this happy union: Eliza, born in August, 1871, teacher, Tattnall county; Lena, born May, 1873, married to W. H. Faulk, Tattnall county--two children; Lillian, born June, 1875; Edna, born October, 1877; John G., born February, 1880; Virginia, born May, 1883; and Geneva, born November, 1890. Mr. Hughey is one of the most prominent and influential citizens of Tattnall county. He is held in high estimation, is public-spirited, and a useful member of the community--well up on all important topics of the day. With fine and extensive farming interests, comfortably situated monetarily, and surrounded by an interesting family and possessing the good-will and respect of his fellow-citizens, the down-hill of life bids fair to be pleasant to him.

CLISHA BUCKNER KENEDY, merchant, Claxton, was born March 20., 1850. in Tattnall county, and is the son of Stephen and Macy Ann Kenedy. His
mother was a native of Bulloch county, and his father a native of South Carolina. He had six half brothers and three half sisters and one sister. The tatter's name was Macy and she is now dead. His half brothers and sisters were: Jimerson, Edmond, William, Daniel, Stephen H., Eli, Mary Ann. Wealthy Ann, Mary and Sarah. Jimerson, William, Eli, and Wealthy are deceased. Elisha B. Kenedy married Miss Mary Moore, a. daughter of William and Jane Moore, originally from county Clare, Ireland. Mrs. E. B. Kenedy was born in Bulloch county April 13, 1852, and she was married to Mr. Kenedy Feb. 7, 1872. They have had nine children born to them, all of whom are living. They are as follows: Edward Foster, born March 26, 1873, an(l engaged in the mercantile business with his father in Claxton, after having traveled three years for a wholesale drug house of Augusta, Ga.: Nellie Moore, born May 21, 1875; Stephen Bedford, born April 23, 1877, and agent for the Southern Express company at Claxton: Tames Daniel, born August 10, 1879: Thomas Barret, born Sept. 20, 1881: Delia L., born Oct. 26, 1883; John Patrick, born Oct. 2,1885; Katherine Isabella, horn Feb. 17, 1888; William Elisha, born August 23, 1891. Mr. Kenedy has

858

MEMOtRS OF GEORGIA.

always been engaged in farming, and eight years ago opened up a mercantile business in Bulloch county. Two years ago he moved to Claxton, Tattnall Co., and there he and his son conduct the largest store in the town. They do a business of about $25,000 per annum. They also run the hotel and a livery
business. Mr. Kenedy is a member of the town council and mayor pro tern. His wife and children are all members of the Catholic church at Savannah. Mr.
Kenedy is one of the most prominent citizens of Claxton, and though only a resident of the place for two years has identified himself with the town, and
shows great interest in its growth and prosperity. He is one of the best business
men in Bulloch and Tattnall counties, and has a large acquaintance among the business men of Atlanta, Savannah, and Augusta.

1OSHUA S. LAXIER, farmer, Altamahee, Tattnall Co., Ga., son of Lemuel S. and Rhoda (Hodges) Lanier, was born in Bulloch county, Ga., Feb. 24, 1846.
His ancestors were Huguenot refugees from France, who came to this country and settled in North Carolina, where his grandfather was born. This is a branch of the same family from which the distinguished poet descended. Mr. Lanier's father was a successful farmer, and himself and wife, born in 1814, are both living. Her father was Joshua Hodges, whose family was among the earliest settlers in Bulloch county. The subject of this sketch is the oldest of eight chil dren born to them. Mr. Lanier attended the best schools in the county, but the war between the states interrupted his advancement in this direction. He enlisted in Company E, Fifth Georgia cavalry, Anderson's division, and was in active service throughout the war. As a member of the dashing and daring Gen. Wheeler's cavalry force, he traversed nearly all the southern states, ending his military life with the surrender at Hillsborough, N. C., shortly after Gen. Lee's
surrender. Returning home he taught school in Bulloch and Tattnall counties four years, after which he settled down to farm-life in Tattnall, and has indus triously and profitably pursued it since. Recognizing his capability and public
spirit, his fellow-citizens have called him into their service in various important and responsible capacities. They have made him road commissioner ten years, a member of the board of education twelve years, he being now president of the board, and he is also station reporter for the county for the United States weather bureau. He also represented Tattnall county in the first interstate cot ton convention, held in Atlanta in 1885. Mr. Lanier married Miss Priscilla Lang, born in 1851, daughter of Mrs. Eleanor Lang, of Tattnall count}', by whom he has had three children: Howson L., born March 15, 1873, a graduate of the College of Physicians and Surgeons, Baltimore, Md., in March, 1894, now located in San Francisco, Cal.; Walton, born in 1879; Ry> born in 1886. Mr. Lanier devotes his time and attention to the cultivation and improvement of his farm,
and to his public duties, being esteemed and confided in by his neighbors.

DROWN M'COLLUM, manufacturer, Long Branch, Tattnall Co., was born Jan. 5, 1829, in Robeson county, N. C., and is the son of Dougal and Flora
McCollum. Dougal McCollum was of Scotch parents, an elder for forty years in the Presbyterian church and was a prosperous farmer. He took great interest in educational matters and gave his three children a good education. These children were: Mary Ann, married Nathaniel McNair, of Robeson county; Martha Jane, wife of Edward Campbell, of Marion county, S. C., and Brown. Brown McCollum received his education from private tutors and in the common schools under able teachers. He taught school for two years and then commenced farm ing. In 1860 he married Miss Kate Newell McLean, of Robeson county. She

TATTXAL.L COUNTY SKETCHES.

859

was a daughter of Archibald McLean and was born in 1837, and was educated at Salem, N. C. There were born to this union two sons and two daughters, viz.: Jennie Brown, wife of R. P. Hamer, of Hamer, S. C; Mary, wife of Dr. T. C. McSwain, of Marion, S. C.; Arthur Newell, graduated at Davidson college, North Carolina, has been engaged in fanning and merchandising and is now agent in Houston, Tex., of the Equitable Life Insurance company; Dougal A. was educated in the common schools of Robeson county and then took a course in a business college. He is now engaged with his father in Tattnall county in the manufacture of naval stores. Brown McCollum has been a member of the Presbyterian church thirty years, and has always been a man temperate in his habits. He has been engaged in manufacturing naval stores for twenty-five years. He first operated seven years in Robeson count}', N. C, then went to Marion, S. C., where he was in business twelve years; thence to Wilcox county, Ga., and in 1889 to Tattnall county. He manufactures five thousand barrels of resin and spirits annually, and employs from eighty to ninety men and produces two crops per annum.
CLIAS LAFAYETTE M'DILDO was born in Tattnall county, Jan. 7, 1863, and is the son of William and Sarah (McGill) McDildo. His parents were
natives of Montgomery county and had nine children, two of whom died in infancy. The living children are all residing in Tattnall county and are: Annie, Mary, Victoria, wife of Benjamin Anderson; Amanda, wife of John Collins; Georgia Ann, wife of Daniel Lewis; Emma, wife of Robert Wilkes. Mr. Elias McDildo attended school until manhood and then engaged in the timber trade, a prominent industry of Tattnall county. He also farms, and owns a farm of about 400 acres, partly cultivated and well-timbered. This timber has never been affected by the manufacture of turpentine. Mr. McDildo is a pushing citi zen and enjoys the respect and confidence of all who know him.
MANNING MILXER MOODY, farmer and postmaster, Long Branch, was born Sept 8, 1844, in Tattnall county, and was the son of Dr. Manning
James Moody and Penelope Moody. Dr. Manning J. Moody was an extensive farmer all his life, and for twenty years practiced medicine, ranking high in the esteem of his brother practitioners, and achieving great professional success. He was a high Mason and served one term in the house and one term in the state senate, as a representative from Tattnall county. He died in 1866, and his wife survived him but two years. Manning Miles Moody was educated in the common schools of Liberty county, and left these schools when seventeen years old to enlist in the Confederate army. He was in the Liberty guards, a cavalry com pany, under Capt. William Hughes and Col. N. H. Anderson. He was in a number of skirmishes and at the battle of Bentonville, N. C. He served through the entire war, and returning home took charge of his father's farm. He was married to Miss Mary Martin Bradwell, of Hinesville, Liberty Co., April 12, 1869. She was a daughter of Col. James and Isabella Bradwell. She was a sister of Ex-State School Commissioner S. D. Bradwell, who is now president of (Rock college) the state normal school. She was an active member of the Presbyterian church, a highly esteemed Christian lady. She is now deceased. Mr. Moody is a member of the Baptist church at South Salem, Liberty Co. He has been postmaster at Long Branch for twenty years and jury commissioner of Tattnall county for fifteen years. He was first appointed by Gov. Hirschel V. Johnson. He has always been a strong democrat, and never scratched that ticket in voting it in his life. He takes great interest in the cause of education, and is one of Tattnall's most prominent farmer-citizens.

860

MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

DOBERT M. SHARPE, physician and surgeon, Perry's Mills, Tattnall Co.,

Ga., son of John T. and Rebecca (Lasseter) Sharpe, was born Nov. 20, 1836.

;

His grandfather, John Sharpe, was a soldier in the revolutionary army, and came

with his family from Halifax county, Va., to Georgia, early in this century, and

settled in Burke count}-. Dr. Sharpe's father was born Nov. i, 1795, and followed

farming in Burke count}-. His wife was born in Burke county March 29, 1795,

|

and to them eight children were born, the doctor being the youngest, and of them

|

four sons are now living: E. F., Kissimmee City, Fla.; John T., farmer, Tattnall

I

county; Henry R., farmer, Lowndes county, and Robert M., the subject of this

|

sketch. Dr. Sharpe was educated at the county common schools, attended

|

Burke county high school two years and then attended school one year in Prin-

\

cess Anne count}-, Va. With this preliminary preparation he entered the medical

'

college of Georgia, Augusta, and was graduated in 1859, receiving his diploma

j

from Hon. Ebenezer Starnes, president He located at once in Tattnall county,

but before he got fairly started the unpleasantness occurred, and he enlisted

'-,

in the army. Considering afterward that he could be of more service at home

among the people, he placed a substitute and practiced in the county during the

war. there being only one other physician in the county. With the exception of

three years--1869-1871, when he practiced in Lowndes county--he has continu-

'i

ously practiced in Tattnall county. He has been successful, has the confidence

?

and esteem of the people and enjoys an extensive practice. Dr. Sharpe was mar-

i

ried Feb. 16. 1858, to Miss Mary J. Kennedy, born March 28, 1841, daughter of

'.

Robert Kennedy, of Webster (originally from Monroe) county, Ga. This union



was blessed with ten children, all living but the first-born, who died in infancy.

I

They are as follows: Susan, born Aug. 26, 1860, married John Davis, Tattnall

f

county, and they have five children: Thomas R., born Oct. 2, 1862, married Miss

1

Luray Smith, and they have one child; Roberta A., born Aug. 6, 1865, married

ft

Jesse H. Little, of North Carolina, but now living in Tattnall county, and has

I

four children; Anna, born April 28,1868, married D. Armistead, Screven county;

I

Claudius M., born Oct. 26, 1870, married Eliza Johnson, of Appling county, Ga.,

!

now living in Florida; Francis L., born Feb. 24, 1873; John H., born May 15,

:.

1875: Emma L., born Dec. 19, 1877, and Robert M., Jr., born April 17, 1888.

V

Possessing a fine estate, a competency, with an excellent practice that keeps him

j

actively employed, and surrounded by his interesting family, Dr. Sharpe needs

nothing to make life entirely enjoyable.

j

CHELDON P. SMITH, retired merchant and farmer, Perry's Mills, Tattnall

I

Co., Ga., son of Nicholas and Urania T. (Aborn) Smith, was born in Rhode

I

Island Tune 27, 1831. The family were among the early settlers of Rhode Island.

f

Mr. Smith's father was born March 11,1787, and his mother July 23, 1798. When

f;

Mr. Smith was about a year old (1832) his parents migrated to Georgia and set-

'

tied in Tattnall county, where his father engaged in merchandising. They had

i;

eight children, of whom Mr. Smith was the fourth, five of whom are now living.

Mr. Smith was given the best education the schools of the county afforded, and

''

then was sent to the Hinesville (Liberty county, Ga.) high school, at that time in

charge of Prof. Bradwell, father of Hon. S. D. Bradwell, the late able state school

commissioner. He succeeded his father in his mercantile business, and has also

been engaged in farming. About 1861 he was elected justice of the peace, and

(

has been the only justice of the peace and notary public in the district since. Just



after the war he was appointed postmaster at Perry's Mills, and has held the office



from that time until now. He was not in active service during the war, but he

J

represented Tattnall county ("1863-6;) in the general assembly. He was married

TATTNALL. COUNTY SKETCHES.

861

Dec. 5, 1853, in Tattnall county, to Miss Frances Bell, born Aug. 15, 1833, daughter of Joseph J. and Elizabeth (Johnson) Bell, of Tattnall county. To them thirteen children have been born, eight of whom are now living. Mr. Smith is spending his declining years at his plantation home in the southwestern part of Tattnall county, where he has lived since 1832.

_ QALEB W. SMITH, ordinary of Tattnall county, Ga., Reidsville, son of John C. and Mary (Jones) Smith, was born in Tattnall county March 8, 1843. His
great-grandfather, Simon, and his grandfather, James Smith, were Georgia-born,'
and are buried on the same spot in Tattnall county. His father, John C. Smith, was a well-to-do, highly-respected farmer, born in Tattnall county March 8, 1812,
died Oct. 26, 1858, and was buried near his father and grandfather. Mr. Smith's mother was a daughter of Daniel E. Jones, of Lumpkin county, born July 28,1819,
and died in 1885. Of seven children they had born to them, Caleb W. was the third born, and of them five are now living: Susan, wife of A. C. Moore, Tattnall
county; Dicey, widow of S. B. Rogers, formerly of Tattnall county, deceased;
M. A., farmer, and M. W., farmer, Tattnall county, and Caleb W., the subject of this sketch. Mr. Smith's educational advantages were limited to the country schools, and he was reared and entered upon active life as a farmer. He enlisted in 1861 in
Company B, Sixty-first Georgia regiment, which formed a part of Stonewall Jack son's famous corps, and was in active service until wounded in the battle of Fredericksburg, December, 1862. The wound necessitated the amputation of his
right leg above the knee on the field; he was then carried to the hospital, where
he remained until May, 1863, when he returned home. He at once engaged in farming, a pursuit he has since followed. He served as tax collector two years by election, then by appointment under military rule, and was United States census enumerator in 1870. September following he was appointed ordinary by Gov.
R. B. Bullock, and has continuously held the office since by election. Mr. Smith was married Oct. 31, 1871, to Miss Mary Slater, born in 1852, daughter of John Slater, of Bulloch county, by whom he has had nine children: Clarence L., born
Sept 15, 1872, student at Emory college, Oxford, Ga.; Rosalie, born Oct. 4, 1874; Daisy, born Feb. 3, 1877, and died Feb. 16, 1880; John, born Dec. 7, 1879; Mary, born April n, 1882; Mattie M., born Jan. 6, 1885; Julia H., born Oct. 24, 1886;
Fannie L., born Aug. 4, 1888; Ethel L., born June 30, 1891. Mr. Smith lives in Reidsville, county seat of Tattnall, where he has a nice and comfortable home, surrounded by his interesting family, and a county full of appreciative friends.

IVA A. SMITH, farmer and postmaster, Hagan, was born in Tattnall county Nov. 10, 1848, and was the son of John C. and Mary Smith, life-long resi
dents of Tattnall county, and respected citizens. John C. Smith was a farmer and a strong Methodist in his religious convictions. There were born to them the following children, viz.: C. W., ordinary of Tattnall county; J. D.; M. W.; M. A.
All reside in Tattnall county, except James D., who died at Lynchburg. C. W.
Smith lost a limb in the second battle of Manassas. Both of them were in the Sixtyfirst Georgia regiment, under Gen. John B. Gordon. Mr. M. A. Smith married
Susan Hagan, of Bulloch county, a daughter of James and Keziah Hagan. Mrs. Smith's father is deceased, and her mother is still living at the age of eighty-eight years. The mother is a sister of Peter Cone, who represented Bulloch county in the legislature for thirty-two years. The brother has been dead about twenty years. To Mr. and Mrs. M. A. Smith have been born several children, viz.: Dr. J.
C. Smith, a prominent dentist of Tattnall county, and a graduate of the Atlanta Medical college in the class of 1891; L. A., a farmer; Keziah; Frank, a telegraph operator; Ada, and two children, deceased. Mrs. Smith was married before her

862

MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

union \vith Mr. Smith. She was wedded the first time to Simon Brewton, lieutenant

in the Confederate army, and killed while in service at a battle at Hanover junction,

near Richmond, Va. They had two sons--Milton, who is a Methodist minister in

Tattnall count)', and L. B., who graduated in 1892 from the state university, at

}

Athens, and who is now practicing law at Hinesville, in Liberty county. Mr. M.

'

A. Smith was engaged in the fertilizer trade for fifteen years, being connected

with the Baldwin Fertilizer company, of Savannah. He has been in the lumber

trade for twenty years, and has been farming d!l his life. He was appointed post

master at Hagan in 1890, which position he now fills. He owned all the real

estate in the town when it was laid out, and has devoted a great part of his time

recently to the improvement and the development of the place. The town is only

four years old, and yet it has a population of 300, and is growing rapidly. Mr.

Smith owns a large sawmill in Hagan, has been manufacturing naval stores for

two years, is engaged in the buggy trade, handles improved stock and is a general

business man, dealing in everything that is needed by the people of the town. Mr.

Smith takes great interest in Hagan, which was named after his wife. He helped

to lay off the place, which is one of the best on the S. & W. railroad, and bound to

develop into an important town.

R UTLER WILKES, farmer and merchant, Lyons, was born Dec. 19, 1849, in

Montgomery count}-, Ga., and was taken to Tattnall county by his parents

when he was an infant There he was reared to manhood, receiving his education

in the common schools of Tattnall, and beginning life as a farmer. He was a son of

\

John and Catharine Wilkes, of Montgomery county. The father was born in

'

Robeson county, N. C, and the mother in Georgia. They were married in 1835,

i

and to the union were born the following children: Martha, deceased; Jacob;

*

Elizabeth: Duncan; Butler; Catharine; Mary Jane; Thomas, and Frank, de

ceased. They all live in Tattnall and Montgomery counties, except Thomas, who

lives in Florida. Butler Wilkes married Miss Sallie Harden, of Tattnall county,

Oct. 8, 1890, and has two children--Frank, born Dec. 3, 1891; and the baby, born

Jan. 6, 1893. Mr. Wilkes is one of the old residents of Tattnall, and is prominent

ji

among the leading business men of the county. He has all his life-time been

actively engaged in developing the resources of the county, and takes much interest

in the advancement of the state.

TAYLOR COUNTY.
I B. BARFIELD, farmer, Butler, Taylor Co., Ga., son of Jesse and Nancy * (Thompson) Barfield, was born in Macon county, Ga., in 1839. His grand
parents on his father's side were Bart and Nancy Barfield. He was of Irish descent, born in North Carolina, moved to Georgia early in this century, and settled in Macon county. He was a farmer, and served in the patriot army during the revolutionary war. Mr. Barfield's father was a native of North Carolina, migrated to Georgia in 1833, and settled in Macon county. He was a farmer, was a soldier during the Mexican war, and was a prominent and active member of the Primitive Baptist church. His grandfather on his mother's side was Redding Thompson, who was born in North Carolina, and lived there all his life. Mr. Barfield was raised a farmer, and enjoyed very indifferent educational advantages. In 1862 he enlisted in Company B, Capt Frederick, Tenth Georgia battalion, and participated

TAYL.OR COUNTY SKETCHES.

863

. in the battles of Fredericksburg and Suffolk. After the war he worked on a farm until 1868, when he bought a small tract of laud in the woods, on which he cleared a farm, improved it, and made himself a pleasant, comfortable home. Mr. Barfield
was married in 1866 to Miss Rebecca Brooks--born in Macon county, Ga., in 1850 ---daughter of Benjamin M. C. and Eliza (Coleman) Brooks. He was a native of Virginia, removed to Georgia early in life, and settled in Upson county, whence, afterward, he removed to Macon county, where he is now enjoying life on his farm. He was tax collector of Macon county one term. Of the children born to Mr. and Mrs. Barfield, eight are living: William B., John E., Berrie, Daniel W.,
Eliza, Jesse M., Nancy C, and Thomas. Mrs. Barfield, who was an exemplary member of the Methodist church, died in 1890.

JOHN A. CAMERON, farmer, Butler, Taylor Co., Ga., son of Thomas D. and
Nancy A. (Clark) Cameron, was born in Upson county, Ga., in 1829. His grandparents on his father's side were John D. and Jennie E. (Bone) Cameron. He
was of Scotch descent, born in North Carolina, and lived there all his life. He was a soldier in the patriot army during the revolutionary war. Mr. Cameron's father was born in North Carolina, migrated to Georgia in early life, and settled near Thomaston, Upson Co., and reared his family there. He served as a soldier in the Seminole war. Politically, he was an ardent whig. He died in 1866. Mr.
Cameron's grandparents, on his mother's side, were Gilbert C. and Jane Clark. He was born in North Carolina--of Scotch descent--and died there. He was a soldier in the patriot army during the revolutionary war. Mr. Cameron was raised a farmer, and the little education he received was at the old-time log school-house. He began life as a carpenter, and followed that trade until the unpleasantness was
precipitated, when, in 1862, he enlisted in Company E, Capt. W. S. Wallace, Fortyfifth Georgia regiment. Among other hard-fought bloody battles he was in were those at Cedar run, seven-days' fight around Richmond, Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, Wilderness, Spottsylvania court-house, etc. He was wounded at the battle of Cedar run, and was in the hospital two months. Capt. Wallace was shot at the same battle, and Mr. Cameron took command of the com pany. After the war he engaged in farming, and has followed it successfully and prosperously. In 1866 Mr. Cameron was married to Miss Dora Murray--born in Houston county, Ga., in 1846--daughter of John S. and Judy A. (Roial) Murray.. He was of Scotch descent, and born in Burke county, moved first to Houston county, Ga., and thence to Taylor county. He was raised a farmer and followed that pursuit through life. Of the children born to them, eight are living: Julia,
John, Asa, Lena, James, Annia, Katie, and Murray. Mr. Cameron is an exemplary member of the Methodist church, and Mr. Cameron, his wife and family are held in high esteem by the community.

WILLIAM H. PICKLING, farmer, Fickling, Taylor Co., Ga., son of C. F. and Caroline E.(Hankinson) Fickling, was born in Crawford county, Ga., in 1834.
Mr. Fickling's paternal grandfather was born in England, and migrated to this
country before the revolutionary war, settled in South Carolina, and served seven years in the patriot army during the war for independence. His father was born in 1800 in Barnwell district, S. C., where he was raised a farmer, came to Georgia in 1832 and settled in Crawford county, where he reared his family. He was a Missionary Baptist, and took very great interest in everything pertaining to the affairs of the church. He lived to be eighty-seven years of age. His maternal
grandfather HankJnson was a native of South Carolina, and lived there all his
life. He was also a soldier in the patriot army during the revolutionary war. Mr. Fickling was raised a farmer and received a good common school education.

864

MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

In 1862 he enlisted in Company C, of which he was made captain, Fifty-ninth

Georgia regiment He was engaged with his command in many of the hardest

fought battles of the war--Wilderness, seven days' fight around Richmond,

Petersburg and Salisbury. He was wounded at the battle of Richmond, was

made a major after the fight, and remained in service until the surrender. He

was a justice of the peace for a number of years, and in 1875-76 represented Taylor

county in the general assembly. He served on the following committees: Banks,

j

counties and county lines, and penitentiary. Although farming has been his

I

principal pursuit, he has been engaged to some extent in milling and merchandis

ing. On his tract of 1,200 acres of excellent land he has a fine mill property, with

a very valuable water power on Patsalega creek, with capacity for running a

large factory. Maj. Fickling has prospered since the war, and is one of Taylor



county's best farmers--one of its most substantial citizens. Maj. Fickling was

I'

married in 1858 to Miss C. E. Walker--born in Crawford county in 1837--

daughter of Charles H. and Caroline E. (Jones) Walker. Mr. Walker was a

^

native of Monroe county, Ga. Of the children born to this union there are living:

!';

William H., Thomas, Caroline, Charles F., Maude E., Walker, and Bessie. Maj.

>

and Mrs. Fickling are exemplary members of the Methodist church. Socially,

;

financially and politically Maj. Fickling and his family rank with the very best

I ;>
I

citizens of the county, and exert a wide and beneficent influence.
CRANK GLOVER, farmer, Reynolds, Taylor Co., Ga., son of John P. and Matilda (Vinson) Glover, was born in Crawford county, Ga., in 1841. His

grandparents on his father's side were John and Drusilla (Paskell) Glover. He

was of Irish descent, born in North Carolina, came to Georgia early in life, and

settled in Putnam count}-. He afterward moved to Alabama and died there.

Mr. Glover's father was born in Putnam county, Ga., and reared a farmer. He

went to Crawford county when a young man, where he reared his family. He

was a soldier in the Seminole war, and was a preacher in the Primitive Baptist

church. His grandparents on his mother's side were Henry and Sarah (Graydon)

Vinson. He was of French descent, born in North Carolina, migrated to Georgia

and settled in Crawford county. Mr. Glover was reared on the farm, and like other

youths at that period received but a limited education. In 1861 he enlisted and

served six months in the state troops. Then the command was reorganized and

he became a member of Company F (Capt. J. B. Fowler), Fifty-seventh Georgia

regiment, and was engaged in many battles--Barboursville and Paris; and having

been taken prisoner at the last named, was first sent to Camp Chase, Ohio, whence

after seven days he was sent to Cairo, and afterward to Vicksburg, where he

was exchanged. After his exchange he participated in the battle of Baker's creek

near Vicksburg. Returning from the war he went to work on his farm, in

cultivating which he has since spent his life. At present he is chairman of the

board of county school commissioners. In 1866 Mr. Glover was married to Miss

Pauline Christopher--born in Jasper county in 1845--daughter of W. H. and

Martha A. Christopher. He was born in Walton county, Ga., was a surgeon in

the Confederate army, and after the war settled in Taylor county, where he prac

ticed his profession many years. Of the children born to this union three are

living: Minnie P., Maggie A, and Emma. Mr. Glover and his wife are members

of the Primitive Baptist church.

JONATHAN J. M'CAUTS, farmer, Butler, Taylor Co., Ga., son of Jeremiah C. and Tabitha (McCrary) McCauts, was born in Talbot county, Ga., in 1845.
His grandparents on his father's side were natives of South Carolina, who lived in that state all their lives. Mr. McCauts' father was born in South Carolina, was

TAYLOR COUNTY SKETCHES.

865

a farmer and moved to Georgia early in life, and settled in Bibb county when Macon was little more than a village, and shot deer where the city now stands. He represented the county in the general assembly a number of times. Subse
quently he removed to Taylor county, where he died. He gave his attention exclusively to farming. Mr. McCauts' grandparents on his mother's side, William
and Polly (McCrary) McCrary, were natives of Ireland, migrated to this country
when young and settled in Georgia. He was a soldier in the last war with Great Britain. He made farming the pursuit of his life. Mr. McCauts worked on the farm and had but little schooling while growing to manhood, on account of the war. In 1862 he enlisted in a battalion in Gen. Wheeler's command, was in the battles at and around Atlanta, and was in front of Sherman when he was march ing through Georgia. With pluck and energy, and industry and frugal habits, as his only--and reliable--capital, he began life after he came home from the war. He started out for a life-success--and he has achieved it He now owns 2,300 acres of choice fanning land, and is the proprietor of a large grist and saw mill. In 1880 he was elected to represent his senatorial district, and aftenvard, for three sessions, to represent his county in the general assembly. In that body he was placed on the following committees: Educational, penitentiary, internal improvements, and asylum. These successes--financial and political--evidence his industry and sagacity, his popularity and influence, and the estimation in
which his felow-citizens hold him. Mr. McCauts was married in 1870 to Miss Jennie McCauts, born in Taylor county, daughter of Andy and Betsey (McCrary) McCauts. He was a native of South Carolina, came to Georgia when a young man, was a soldier in the Indian war of 1836, and represented his senatorial district in the general assembly. To Mr. and Mrs. McCauts nine children have been born: Clifford, Bessie, Lora, Clara, Jerry, Murray, Kate, John M., and Otis. Mr. McCauts is a royal arch Mason, and himself and wife are members of the Methodist church. No citizen or family in the community occupies a more enviable position in any respect than does Mr. McCauts.
JOEL E. MONTFORT, farmer, Pickling, Taylor Co., Ga., son of Theodrick and Elizabeth (Terrell) Montfort, was born in Greene county, Ga., in 1826.
His paternal grandfather was John Montfort. He was a native of England, came to America and settled in Virginia just before the revolutionary war--during which he was a soldier in the patriot army--and aftenvard moved from Virginia to Georgia and settled in Putnam county. Mr. Montfort's father was born in Virginia, came to Georgia when a young man, and settled in Putnam county, where he engaged in merchandising. While living in this county he represented it a number of times in the general assembly. He afterward moved to Greene county, where, in addition tc merchandising he engaged in farming. A few years later he removed to Crawford county, and thence to Talbot county, where he remained a number of years, and besides his other business ran a line of stages. His maternal grandparents were David and Mary (Munger) Terrell. He was a farmer, and his family was among the early settlers of Greene county. Mr. Montfort was raised on the farm, and received a limited common school education. Early in life he removed to Crawford county, farmed awhile and then went into general merchandise business in Knoxville. In 1851 he removed to Butler, Taylor Co., where he engaged in business until the war between the states was precipitated. During the war he was engaged in tanning for the Confederate government and soon after went into business at Reynolds, in Taylor county. After continuing this some years he sold out and retired to his farm, where he now lives, enjoyjng the fruits of his enterprise and labor. Mr. Montfort was married in 1847 to Miss Mary E. Dugger--born in Virginia in 1828--claugh-
n-56

I"
!j

866

MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

:".

ter of James and Elizabeth (Lucas) Dugger. He was a native of Virginia, a

farmer, and migrated to Georgia and settled in Crawford county early in the

century. Of the children born to them three are living: William T., Sarah E.,

married to Hugh Neisler, and Fannie T., married to William Neisler. Mrs.

Montfort, who was an exemplary member of the Methodist church, died early in

1878. Mr. Montfort contracted a second marriage in 1878 with Miss Sarah A.

Gates--born in Crawford county in 1836--daughter of Turner and Harriet

(Walker) Gates. He was a native of North Carolina, moved to Georgia, and was

among the early settlers of Crawford county.

J-JUGH NEISLER, farmer, Butler, Taylor Co., Ga., son of Hugh M. and Caro

line (Howard) Neisler, was born in Lee county, Ala., in 1841. His great

grandfather, John Neisler, was born near Van Weil, kingdom of Wurtemburg,

Germany. He migrated to America between 1730-40, and settled in Charleston,

S. C., where he opened a shop and worked at his trade, shoemaking. As he

prospered he invested his surplus earnings in negroes, and after some years went

to Orangeburg district, S. C., where he ultimately became a large slave-owner

and an extensive planter. His grandfather, Hugh Neisler (son of the above), was

born in Cabarrus county, N. C. Having thoroughly prepared himself for the

practice of medicine he migrated to Georgia and located at Athens, Clarke Co.,

where he married Miss Rachel, daughter of William and Elizabeth (Chiawing)

Mitchell, established a fine practice, acquired a handsome competency, and

reared and liberally educated his children--all of whom were born there. When

Dr. Neisler settled in Athens there were Indians all around the town, and the

few houses composing what was to become the leading classical city in the south,

were clustered around the college buildings; the country around was sparsely

populated and but small areas were under cultivation. There were then no arti

ficial obstructions in the Oconee, and in their season shad were abundant, which

the Indians caught and sold to the citizens at ten cents apiece. Mr. Neisler's

father was born in Athens, March 4. 1804, was well educated, and graduated with

honor from the university of Georgia. He then attended the medical lectures in

Philadelphia. z.nd graduated from one of the celebrated colleges at that city.

As a science he held medicine in the highest appreciation, but he disliked the

practice, and in a few years he retired from it and engaged in teaching. He

taught in Columbus and at Summerville, Ala., with great success. He was a fine

-

classical scholar, and could read many modern languages with ease. He also gave

j

much attention to botany, and conducted an extensive correspondence with

||

distinguished botanists in this country and Europe. He had a small farm and

a delightful home about five miles from Butler, where he had a splendid orchard

and vineyard, in attending which he took great delight. He lived to be seventy-

nine years of age, and for thirty years before his death he had fully identified

himself with, and taken the greatest interest in everything promising to promote

the welfare of Taylor county. William Mitchell, great-grandfather of the subject

of this sketch, was a son of William and Sarah (Letcher) Mitchell, and clandes-

4

finely married Miss Elizabeth Chiawing when but eighteen years of age.

*

Coming to Georgia he settled in Clarke county and engaged in the practice of law,



and died at the house of his father, four miles north of Athens, July 27, 1808. He

1

left a son. William Letcher Mitchell (grand-uncle of Mr. Neisler;, who attained to

considerable distinction as a scholar and lawyer. He was born in Henry count}-,

I

Va., in 1805, graduated from the university of Virginia in 1825 with the first honor,

IT

read law with Capt John Semple--one of the most talented lawyers in the state--

(I

at Louisville, Ky., and was licensed to practice by Judges Perkle and Monroe.

He returned to Georgia and taught in the academy of Hillsboro, Ga., in 1828-29,

TAYLOR COUNTY SKETCHES.

867

and in 1830 was appointed tutor of mathematics in the university of Georgia, a position which he held four years. He then returned to the practice of his chosen profession, in which he continued with success and distinction until he died. Mr. Neisler's maternal grandparents were John and Priscilla (Cheever) Howard. He was a native of England, but an eminent merchant of Salem, Mass., where he lived until he died in 1856. Mr. Neisler was reared on the farm, but received a good co'mmon school education; studied Latin and some of the higher branches of education. He enlisted in 1862 iti Company E, Capt. W. S. Wallace, Forty-fifth Georgia regiment, participated in quite a number of important, as well as sanguinary battles, and experienced much hard service and many hard ships. He was engaged in the following among other battles: Cedar Run, Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, Wilderness, Spottsylvania Court House, Jeri cho Ford, Turkey Ridge, Petersburg, etc. At Cedar Run he was wounded and sent to the hospital at Lynchburg, where he remained two months, and then returned to his command. He was taken prisoner near Petersburg and sent to Point Lookout, Md., where he remained three months. With considerable zest Mr. Neisler relates the following interesting incident: After the surrender, on or about June i, 1865, Maj. Brady, in command of the post at Point Lookout, not satisfied with the hundreds of United States flags festooned and floating every where, while hundreds of prisoners were being paroled, conceived the idea of testing the loyalty of the ex-Confederates to the flag. So he proceeded to plant a lofty pole as a flag-staff in front of his office. The prisoners surrounding the office awaiting their parole papers, knowing the object, moodily and sadly watched the workers. In silence, and in some instances with bitterness, they looked on as the pole was raised, the flag hauled up and thrown to the breeze from its top. In silence they listened to Maj. Brady as he spoke eulogistically in praise of the stars and stripes and the Union they represent. Sorrowfully some of the utterances fell upon their ears, and with stern resolve and closed lips they resented his words and resisted his appeal. When he concluded and requested three cheers for the flag there was no applause--not a single response--the assemblage was as silent as the grave. The silence was absolutely painful-- they disdained to display loyalty, however true, under apparent arbitrary military dictation. After the war he returned to his home, soon made money but lost it; made another start, and has since been as successful as he wished. In 1892, against his inclination and protest, he was nominated by the democrats to repre sent Taylor county in the general assembly, they asserting that he was the only man in the county who could defeat the populists. He was elected, and when the general assembly met and the name of Neisler was announced from Taylor, an unexpected whoop from the gallery startled the audience--Editor Wynne of the Fort Valley "Leader" couldn't repress his joy. In that body he was placed on the committees on the deaf and dumb asylum, general agriculture, and excuses of members. Mr. Neisler was married in 1873 to Miss Sarah Early Montfort, born in Taylor county in 1852, daughter of Joel E. and Mary E. (Dugger) Montfort Of the children which have blessed this union four are living: Martha M., Hugh Mitchell, Willie E. and Sarah Letcher. Mr. Neisler is a royal arch Mason, and himself and wife are eminently exemplary and useful members of the Methodist church. He enjoys to the fullest extent the confidence and unaffected esteem of his fellow countrymen, and, socially, no family ranks higher than his.
JAMES J. RUFFIN, farmer, Reynolds, Taylor Co., Ga., son of James and Margaret (Veal) Ruffin, was born in Bertie county, N. C., in 1814. His
grandfather was a native of North Carolina, and was a soldier in the patriot army during the revolutionary war. Mr. Ruffin's father was born in North Carolina

868

MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

and migrated thence to Georgia and settled in Jones county in 1814 for life. He
was a carpenter by trade and was also a large slave owner. He was much respected. Mr. Ruffin's grandparents on his mother's side, Thomas and Margaret
Veal, were natives of North Carolina, and spent their lives there. He was a soldier during the revolutionary war. Mr. Ruffin was reared on the farm, and
received a fairly good education for the times at the old familiar log school house. In 1836 he enlisted in Capt Russell's company, Col. Hardeman's regiment, for the
Seminole war, and served three months. In 1864 he enlisted in the state militia
under CapL Beal and was principally assigned to post duty. After the war, without capital, he began- merchandising in Butler, and succeeded beyond his most sanguine anticipations. Mr. Ruffin has been twice married. In 1837 he
was married to Miss Sarah Everett, born in Hancock county in 1816, daughter of Drury and Elizabeth (Smith) Everett. He was born in Washington county, Ga.,
and when a young man moved to Taylor county, where he farmed all his life. Of the children which blessed this union four are living: Henry J., Margaret, Sarah
and George T. Mrs. Ruffin, who was a member of the Methodist church, died in 1888. In 1889 Mr. Ruffin was married to Mrs. Carrie Lucas, born in Georgia in
1839, daughter of Thomas and Martha E. (Wright) Shines. He was bom in North
Carolina, moved early in life to Georgia and settled in Taylor county, where he lived and farmed until he died. Mrs. Ruffin is a member of the Methodist church, and Mr. Ruffin and his family are much respected in their community.

T HOMAS L. WATERS, farmer, Butler, Taylor Co., Ga., son of Williford and
Mary (Akin) Waters, was bom in Ahbeville district, S. C, in 1839. His grandfather on his father's side was WiUis Waters. He was a native of Ireland,
emigrated to America before the revolutionary war and settled in South Caro lina, and was a soldier in the patriot army during the conflict. Mr. Waters' father was born in South Carolina, was a farmer, came to Georgia in 1847 an^
settled in Cobb county. His grandparent on his mother's side was Akin. He was born in South Carolina and was of Scotch descent Reared on the
farm and indifferently educated, he had just started in life when the war began.
In 1861 he enlisted in Company G, Capt. Griffin, Sixth Georgia regiment He was a participant in some of the most obstinately fought and most sanguinary battles of the war: Seven Pines, seven days' fight around Richmond, Manassas, Boons-
boro, Sharpsburg, Fredericksburg, Second Cold Harbor, siege of Petersburg,
Charleston, Ocean Pond, etc. On one occasion when on picket duty, he was taken prisoner, but escaped. With little cash ($1.25), but incalculable vigor and vim for capital, backed by courage and perseverance, he began anew life's battle.
He embarked in a general merchandising business, made money and bought a farm. He has retired from mercantile life, and is now enjoying farm life and the good will and esteem of his fellow-citizens. Mr. Waters was married in 1866 to
Miss Fannie McClendon, born in Talbot county, Ga., in 1844, daughter of Willis
and Lucinda (Matthews) McClendon. He was born in Virginia, and when three years old came to Georgia with his father, who settled first in Washington
county and afterward moved to Taylor county, where he died. No children were born to this marriage, and Mrs. Waters, an exemplary member of the Methodist church, died in 1868. In 1870 Mr. Waters married Miss Emma H. McLendon, born in Macon county, Ga., in 1851, daughter of Willis and Henrietta (Edwards)
McLendon. Of the children which blessed this union four are living: Fannie, Emma L.. Thomas E. and Roy S. Mr. Waters is a master Mason, and himself and wife are members of the Baptist church.

TELFAIR COUNTY SKETCHES.

869

TELFAIR COUNTY.
DEV. CHARLES D. ADAMS, McRae, Telfair Co., Ga., son of Dr. Samuel Adams, once an eminent physician of Thomasville, Thomas Co., Ga. (who
died in 1888), was born in Thomasville, Ga., Jan. 30, 1855. He enjoys the dis tinction of belonging to a family which has been identified with the Methodist Episcopal church from its earliest history, some of whose members have not only sustained high and honorable relations to Methodism, but to the political history and official life of the nation. Mr. Adams himself has a natural fondness and aptitude for geology and agriculture. He was educated in the very excellent schools of Thomas county, particularly Fletcher institute. July 20, 1874, he was licensed to preach, was admitted to the South Georgia conference at its annual session the latter part of that year, and in 1878 was ordained elder by Bishop Holland N. McTyeire. He has been an itinerant ever since, and has been sta tioned at various important places, lastly at McRae, where, in addition to pas toral and other duties, he is acting as agent for the south Georgia college. Mr. Adams married Claudia B., daughter of Hardy Hodges, a prosperous farmer near Mill Ray, Bulloch Co., Ga., who has borne him seven children: Mary, fourteen years old; Lila, twelve years old; Samuel, ten years old; Wesley, eight years old; -Belle, six years old; William, four years old, and Augusta, two years old. Mr. Adams is a master Mason, and was once a member of the Knights of Damon.
DEV. JAMES DANELLY ANTHONY, McRae, Telfair Co., Ga., presiding elder, Eastman district, south Georgia conference, M. E. church south, son
of Rev. Whitfield and Lucinda (Miller) Anthony, was born in Abbeville district, S. C., Oct 12,1825. His father was a farmer and an itinerant Methodist preacher. His mother was a granddaughter of Thomas Miller, a native of Ireland, and her father held various offices of trust and responsibility in South Carolina. When Mr. Anthony was ten years old his parents moved to Georgia, where they died-- his father at the advanced age of eighty-five years. Mr. Anthony was educated in the common schools and academies, principally at Vann's Valley academy, Floyd county, Ga. He was licensed to preach Oct. 26, 1846, and the following December was admitted to the old Georgia conference. He was ordained dea con by Bishop James O. Andrew, and ordained elder by Bishop Hubbard H. Kavanaugh. From the time he entered conference until now he has been actively engaged in the ministry, and during this eventful period he has traveled in the service of the Master nearly all over Georgia, from the Tennessee to the Florida line. With the exception of two years, when he was agent for the sustentation fund of south Georgia conference, he has been continued a presiding elder from the time he was first appointed. Mr. Anthony has traveled so long and so extensively in that portion of the state that people call him "bishop of the wire grass." His present district is one of the largest in the state. Mr. Anthony has been married three times. His first wife was Miss Emily, daughter of William and Elizabeth Baugh, of Gwinnett county, Ga., to whom he was married Nov. 23, 1847. Mr. Baugh was a well-to-do planter, and a prominent and zealous Methodist. By this marriage he had several children, all living and married: Tinnie, born in 1849; Mrs. H. A. Renfroe, merchant, Bridgeport, Ala.; William, born in 1851, planter, Johnson county, Ga., married Miss Isabella Sample, Cum-

gjO

MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

ming, Forsyth Co., Ga.; James F., born in 1853, graduate of the university of Georgia, journalist on the staff of the "Western Advocate," Asheville, N. C.,
married Miss Louisa Smith, of Tennessee; Bascom, born July, 1859, graduate of Jasper institute and Spring Hill institute, and now station preacher at Valdosta, south Georgia conference, married Miss Bessie McCullough, Mt Vernon, Mont
gomery Co., Ga.; Lillie, born in 1860, first married Rev. O. W. Samples, north
Alabama conference, who died, and is now the wife of Daniel McEachin, hotelkeeper, Ailey, Montgomery Co., Ga. His first wife died in 1865, and Mr. Anthony in 1866 married her niece, Miss Elizabeth J. Alexander, daughter of Thomas W. Alexander, a merchant, by whom he had six children: Mark, born in 1869, grad
uated at Atlanta Medical college and is located at Sycamore, Irwin Co., Ga.; Mamie, wife of Dr. L. W. Johnson, Baxley, Appling Co., Ga., who has represented
the county in the general assembly; Marvin and Belle (twins), born in 1875; Mattie, born in 1878; Harry, born in 1880. His second wife died in 1888. His third wife was Mrs. Anna (Riggers) Wiggins, widow of Rev. L. G. Wiggins. Mr. Anthony is an advanced Mason, a member of a council of Royal and Select Masters and a member of the I. O. O. F. In addition to his religious and denomi national labor, Mr. Anthony is an ardent and active worker in the temperance and educational fields, in which causes his powerful influence is extensively and influentially felt

MAJ. GEORGE SMITH DAVIS, agent for the Standard Oil company, McRae,
Telfair Co., Ga., was born in Somerton, Belmont Co., Ohio, Dec. 10, 1837. On his father's side he is of Welsh and on his mother's side he is of German descent, the Ball family being of the same lineage as that of Mary Washington.
Although indebted to the common or public schools of Ohio for a good education in the rudiments, Maj. Davis' general literary and business proficiency is the result of subsequent study, observation and experience. In early manhood he taught common school and music about four years, and then engaged as clerk in
a dry goods store at Malta, Ohio, one year. When hostilities began in 1861 and President Lincoln called for 75,000 troops, he was the first man in his county to volunteer. He served three months with the Seventeenth Ohio regiment, and then went home and raised a company for three years' service--Company D,
Ninety-seventh Ohio regiment--of which he was elected captain, and with which he remained during the war. Early in 1864 he was commissioned major. He
was in the army of the Cumberland and participated in all the battles fought by it. When Chattanooga was taken he was the first Federal to enter the town, and was made provost marshal. At the battle of Franklin, Tenn., he received four wounds, one of which took effect in the center of his forehead, causing the entire loss of the left and partial loss of the right eye. Sixteen days later, while
still bandaged, he went into battle at Nashville, where he was wounded in the back of the head. On the termination of the war he was brevetted lieutenantcolonel for personal gallantry. In 1870 he embarked in mercantile business at
Athens, Ohio, but abandoned it to accept a position with the Standard Oil com pany, \vhich he retained three years. He was a member of the firm of Chess, Carley company, southern branch of the Standard Oil company. After conduct ing that business two years, he organized a company to construct a railway from Mobile, Ala., to Helena, Ark., which, after building fifty miles, failed. Re engaging with the Standard Oil company, he has continued with them until the present time. He is a turpentine buyer for the state of Georgia. Maj. Davis came to Georgia in 1877, and in 1888 married Miss Beachum, of Appling county. The major is a master Mason and a member of the. Baptist church.

TELFAIR COUNTY SKETCHES.

87 I

CDWIN J. DORMINY, physician and druggist, McRae, Telfair Co., Ga., son of Wilhs Dorminy, was born in Irwin county, Ga., Feb. 8, 1867. His father
is a well-to-do farmer, and has represented Irwin county in the general assembly. He received a good practical education at the county schools and then entered the medical department of the university of Maryland, Baltimore, in 1888, and was graduated in 1890. He then located in Invin county, where he remained four years, then removed and settled in McRae. He has built up a good prac tice, and in.connection with that established a flourishing drug store. Besides these he is interested in a general merchandise store in Irwin county which is doing an extensive business. Dr. Dorminy is very enterprising and with the energy and financial capacity he manifests will be sure to win success. Mr. Dorminy was married in 1893 to Miss Alice Campbell, of Telfair county. He is a master Mason.

T\ A. GRAHAM, farmer, Towns, Telfair Co., Ga., was born in Gadsden Co., *Fla., Nov. 8, 1830. His father was a fanner and moved from Florida to
Georgia about 1860 and settled in Telfair county, where he died in 1867. Mr. Graham received a good common school education, and when he arrived at man hood began farming. During the war he was a member of Company B, Seventh regiment, Georgia militia. After the war he settled in Telfair county and resumed farming, which he has followed successfully since. He has served as justice of the peace to the satisfaction of the people many years, and in 1875-76 represented Telfair county in the general assembly. He has been on the board of county commissioners several years and rendered valuable service. He is a member in good standing of Lumber City lodge, F. & A. M., and has served as master of his lodge several years. Mr. Graham's life and character recommend him wherever he is known. He was married in 1851 to Miss Jemima, daughter of Archibald Campbell, of Telfair county. Mr. and Mrs. Graham had five children: John C., born in 1851, died 1868; Dr. Daniel W., born in 1853, died in 1882; Alex. P.., born 1855; Andrew J., born 1858, deceased; Mary A., born 1860, was married to Jacob M. Clement, 1879, anc' was k^ a widow in 1883. She is now the wife of C. H. Smith, of Towns.

DROF. WILLIAM ALLEN HUCKABEE, president South Georgia college, McRae, Telfair Co., Ga., was born in Fannin county, Ga., July 2, 1857. His
father, Patten M. Huckabee, was a Methodist minister, and died in 1864. His scholastic opportunities were so meager that, at the age of seventeen he could not read. Later he attended Nacoochee valley (White county, Ga.) high school, where he was prepared for college, and, going afoot sixty miles, entered Emory college, Oxford, Newton Co., Ga., in 1880, and graduated as an A. B. in 1884. Im mediately after graduating he entered the ministry, and was admitted into the South Georgia conference, M. E. church, south; and was stationed at Columbus, Ga., two years. He was next on Brooks county circuit two years, and the year follow ing was in Mitchell county. The next two years he was in Montgomery county; and, while on this work, delivered a series of lectures on education in that section, and projected the South Georgia college under the auspices of the South Georgia conference, M. E. church, south. After it was established he was made its president--a position he has filled with consummate ability, and has continuously held since. The institution is established on a firm basis, and is in a flourishing condition. The faculty consists of eight instructors of excellent reputation and adaptedness to their vocation. There are 233 students, from four states, enrolled. It ranks with the best schools in the state, is eligibly situated, with an extensive territory whence to draw support, and has before it a promising future of prosperity

872

MEMOIRS OP GEORGIA.

and usefulness. Prof. Huckabee was married to Miss Hassie Townsend, of Mitchell count}-, Aug. 17, 1887, by whom he has had five children: Thaddeus T., born July 16,1888; Henry Guy, bom Nov. 20,1889; Bessie Lee, born Nov. 24,
1891; Leo Bennett, born Jan. 23, 1893; Atlas Haygood, born Oct. 30, 1894.
The professor is a master Mason, and a member of the college fraternity of Phi Delta Theta.

I OHX D. M'LEOD, merchant and real-estate dealer, Lumber City, Telfair Co., Ga., son of Alexander T. McLeod, was born in Montgomery county, Ga., June 7,
1846. His father was a farmer, but was clerk of the superior court twenty years,
and represented the county in the general assembly two terms. He died in 1876, leaving eight living children, of whom the subject of this sketch was the fourth born. Mr. McLeod's education, like that of most youths growing up at the time, was limited, but it was the best to be obtained at the county schools at that time. When the war began he was too young to enter the service, but toward the close of hostilities he was in the "detached" service. On reaching manhood he entered the commercial world in Darien, Ga., and remained in business there until his father died, when he returned to take charge of his estate, finally settling in Lumber City, in 1878, where he is engaged in a general merchandise and real estate business. He represented the county in 1880-81, and the fifteenth senatorial district in 1886-87 m tne general assembly, was chairman of the committee on corporations. Mr. McLeod was married to Miss Annie C., daughter of Matthew Sharp, of Montgomery county, Ga., Oct. 25, 1882, who has borne him three boys: Robert Burns, John D., Jr., and Alexander T. Mr. McLeod is a Knight Templar Mason, has filled various offices in master Masons' lodge, and is a member of St. Omar commandery, Knights Templar, Macon, Ga.

M AJ. DANIEL F. M'RAE, merchant and farmer, Lumber City, Telfair Co., Ga., son of Alexander B. McRae, was born in McRae, Telfair Co., Ga., April 22,
1822. His father was one of the early settlers of the county, and founded the
town of McRae. He was a farmer and mechanic, and for many years a magis trate. He died in 1849, leaving thirteen children. Maj. McRae received a good common-school education, and when sixteen years of age entered upon mercantile life in Lumber City, Ga. He continued in business until 1882. In addition to the store he has always operated a large farm. In 1849-50 he represented the Sixth senatorial district in the general assembly, contemporary with ex-Gov. Joseph E. Brown. Maj. McRae was a member of the Fifteenth and Fifty-sixth regiments of Georgia militia, held three commissions as major, and was brevetted colonel. He was in command of the police brigade during the siege of Atlanta; was in front of the army marching through Georgia, and at the battle of Griswoldville. near Macon. Ga., he was severely wounded. Maj. McRae was married to Miss Christian F. McRae--not a relative--in 1854, but who died in 1858, leaving three children, all of whom are still living: Dtincan L., broker, in Macon, Ga., partner of W. J. Solomon; Alexander Eliot, druggist, Lumber City, and farmer; and
Christian Florence, married John H. Ryals, who died. She afterwards married CapL John L. Day, Lumber City. She has one child fifteen years old. Maj. McRae, in 1862, married Miss Marion McRae, daughter of Judge Duncan, one of the most distinguished citizens in that portion of the state. Seven children were the fruit of this union: Glynn Preston, born November, 1862, deceased; James Henry, born Dec. 24, 1863, graduated from United States Military academy, West
Point, X. Y., is first lieutenant, Third United States infantry, author of several
military works on tactics, and was married to Miss Stow, of Montana; Janie, born March 24, 1866. married \V. 13. Folsom. merchant, McRae; Anna, born May 12,

TELPAIR COUNTY SKETCHES.

8/3

1867, deceased; Claudia Ann, born July 31, 1869, deceased; Leon Quincy, bcrn Jan. 26, 1872, official at Atlanta of the E. T., Va. & G. railway; and Max Lamar, born Oct. 4, 1875, reading law. Maj. McRae is a Mason of .forty years' standing, and is a member of a royal arch chapter.
MALCOLM NICHOLSON M'RAE, merchant and farmer, Lumber City, Telfair Co., Ga., son of Alexander B. McRae (and brother of Daniel F.) was born in
Telfair county, Ga., July 9, 1818. His father was one of the oldest settlers in the county, founded the town of McRae, and was one of the builders of the first steamboats that ran on the Ocmulgee and Oconee rivers. His educational ad vantages were limited to an ordinary business education, but he has made good use of what he had. In 1837--when nineteen years of age--he commenced merchant life in Lumber City, and continued it until the beginning of the present year (1894). After the war he embarked in the manufacture of turpentine at Towns, Telfair county. During the war he was commissary for the counties of Telfair and Coffee, and had charge of the steamer on the Ocmulgee for forward ing supplies to the army. In 1859-60 he represented the county in the general assembly, and for several years was a justice of the inferior court. He was also a member of the constitutional convention of 1877. Mr. McRae has been married twice. In 1840 he was married to Miss Catharine McCrimmon, of Montgomery county, who died in 1856, leaving five children. In 1868 he married Miss Catharine Clemmons, by whom he has had four children--but only one is living. His oldest daughter was married first to Frank Tillman, of Texas, who died of yellow fever. After his death she married Gen. Elias Earle, of Florida, who also died, leaving her a widow. His oldest son, Alexander C., who was a member of the Georgia Hussars, died in 1874. Thomas Jefferson married a daughter of Gen. Earle, and is prosperous merchant in Hawthorne, Fla.; John W., who was a prominent merchant in Melrose, Fla., died in 1888, leaving three children: Bruce, Thomas and Pearl. Charity Emma, an invalid, resulting from a fall from the arms of a careless nurse, is a graduate of Wesleyan Female college, Macon, Ga., and is a most excellent musician. Dr. Bartow McRae, his remaining son, is located in Atlanta. Mr. McRae is a royal arch Mason.
CRANK R. MANN, sawmill owner and farmer, Jacksonville, Telfair Co., Ga., was born in Tattnall county, Ga., Oct. 6, 1856. His father, born Sept 10, 1804,
was a thrifty farmer, highly esteemed as a citizen, and represented Tattnall county in the general assembly two terms. He died in 1886, leaving eight children, of whom the subject of this sketch was the youngest. Mn Mann had the benefit of only a limited education, but was fortunate to have for instructor, part of the time, Hon. S. D. Bradwell, ex-state school commissioner. In 1876 Mr. Mann taught school in Appling county. He then went into the timber business in Tattnall county; but removed in 1880 to Jacksonville, continued his timber business, carried on a farm, and added sawmilling to his enterprises. In 1884 he engaged in the turpentine industry in Berrien county. He was a justice of the peace, in 1885-89, and represented Telfair county in 1890-91 in the general assembly, and served on the committees on finance, railroads and general agriculture, and on the special military committee. Mr. Mann was married in 1880, to Miss Henrietta, daughter of Sim Sikes, of Montgomery county, who has borne him three children: Aleph Victoria, born Aug. 6, 1882; Willic, born Jan. 7, 1884, and Frank, born Dec. 26, 1885. Mr. Mann is a master Mason, and was secretary of his lodge eight years.
JOSEPH W. NEAL, physician and surgeon, Scotland, Telfair Co., Ga., was born J in Harris county, Ga., July 26,1865. His father, Thomas J. Neal, is a large and prosperous farmer, and a very prominent and influential citizen. He represented

J

874

MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

the twenty-fifth senatorial district in the general assembly in 1882-3. Dr. Neal received a good academic education, preparatory to entering Atlanta Medical col lege, from which he was graduated in 1889. He at first located in Atlanta, but moved to, and located in Scotland the same year, where his success has exceeded his most sanguine expectations. In the spring of 1894 he took a post-graduate course at the New York polyclinic. He has already secured a large and remunera tive practice, and is the medical examiner of the New York Life, Mutual Life, and Equitable Life Insurance associations, and for the Providence Savings, Knights of Honor, and others. Dr. Neal was married to Miss Sarah, daughter of D. B. Graham, of Scotland, in 1890. He is a Knight of Honor.

JOSIAH B. REYNOLDS, physician and druggist, Lumber City, Telfair Co.,
Ga., son of George and Mahala M. (Thrower) Reynolds, was born in Newton county, Ga., SepL 5, 1849. His father was a merchant, was also engaged in farming, and was a railway contractor and constructionist Dr. Reynolds was educated at Conyers high school and is a graduate of Emory college, Oxford, Ga. He entered Atlanta Medical college in 1876, attended two courses of lec tures and was graduated in 1878. He located in Lumber City to practice his profession, and in connection with it established a drug store, and while building up a fine practice, has done a good drug business. Dr. Reynolds has been twice married. He married his first wife, Miss Fannie R. Baker, of Montgomery county, March 4, 1886, who died March 27, 1886. Aug. 6, 1890, he was married to Miss Mary E., daughter of John F. Gay, Conyers, Ga., by whom he has had three children: Nellie Daisy, born Oct 25, 1891; Leila Josephine, born Jan. 19, 1893, and Lottie Erselle, born May 30, 1894. Dr. Reynolds was a member of the K. A. College fraternity.

JAMES C. RYALS, physician and farmer, Lumber City, Telfair Co., Ga.,
was born May 12, 1834. His father, John B. Ryals, was a farmer, an active
and influential local politician and was a justice of the inferior court quite a num ber of years. He died in 1863. Though his education was limited to the common
schools of his time and locality, Dr. Ryals attained fair scholarship and taught school four years, 1854-58, in Montgomery, Telfair and Tattnall counties, in the
meantime preparing for his chosen profession. He attended his first course of lectures at the medical college of Georgia at Augusta and his second course at
Savannah Medical college, whence he was graduated in 1860. During the war he saw no field service, but remained at home and practiced in soldiers' families, excepting some hospital service around Atlanta during the siege and toward the close of the war. At this time and after the war he had a very large countrypractice. In addition to meeting all the exacting demands of such a practice he has always conducted a large farm. In 1892 he removed to Lumber City. Dr.
Ryals was married to Miss Anna, daughter of William Mann, of Tattnall county, June 24, 1860. This union has been blessed with eight children: John B., born Jan. 28, 1862, druggist, Cordele, Dooly Co., Ga., married to Miss Emma Bussy, of Telfair count}', who soon died; he was next married to Miss Emma, daughter of Dr. John Mobley, of Montgomery county; William M., born Dec. 7, 1863,
graduated from Atlanta Medical college, married Miss Alice Meigs, of Alabama, and located in Florida; Ella V., eldest daughter, born June 7, 1866, married Dr. L. Clements, Montgomery county; James W-, born March 3, 1868, druggist,
McRae, Ga.; Ophelia E., born April 18, 1870, wife of Dr. A. C. Clements, Adel, Berrien Co., Ga.; Mary J., born March 6, 1872, died Sept 6 same year; Aleph
A., born June 23, 1873, died June i, 1875^ a"d Charles H., born June i, 1875.

TERRELL. COUNTY SKETCHES.

875

Mrs. Ryals died April 21, 1895. Dr. Ryals is a master Mason and professionally and socially enjoys an enviable popularity.

THOMAS J. SMITH, farmer and stock-raiser, Nielly, Telfair Co., Ga., son of C. C. Smith, farmer, was born in Telfair county, March 31, 1842. His father
was county tax collector a number of years, was popular and highly respected,
and died in 1860. Mr. Smith was reared on a farm and was educated in the county schools. In 1862 he enlisted in Company B, Forty-ninth Georgia regi ment, and served at the front during the war. Although thus in active service and often in exposed and perilous situations, he was so fortunate as to escape being sick or wounded. Returning from the war he resumed his farming operations, entered more largely into stock-raising, and about ten years ago invested capital in the manufacture of naval stores. He has been successful in all his undertakings. In 1872 he was elected to represent the county in the gen eral assembly, and served one term. In 1880 he was elected to represent the fifteenth senatorial district in the general assembly two years (one term), and in 1892 was again elected to represent the same district; was made chairman of the committee on the deaf and dumb asylum, and appointed a member of several other committees. He has also been a member of the executive committee of the Georgia State Agricultural society. Mr. Smith has been twice married: first to Mrs. Nielly (McKay) Clemmons, by whom he had two children, yet living: Frederick A., born in 1875, now a student at Mercer university, Macon, Ga., and Eva May, born in 1877, a graduate of Wesleyan Female college, Macon, Ga. His second marriage was to Miss Eulah Peterson, of Montgomery county. Mr. Smith has been worshipful master of Lumber City Masonic lodge No. 199, Lumber City, Ga., and a member of W. T. McArthur chapter, royal arch Mason, also at Lumber City. He is at present vice-president of the eleventh congressional district for the State Agricultural society.

TERRELL COUNTY.
ANDREW JACKSON BALDWIN, merchant and manufacturer, Dawson, Terrell Co., Ga., son of Moses H. and Elizabeth (Miller) Baldwin, natives
respectively of Georgia and North Carolina, was born near Cuthbert, Randolph Co., Ga., in 1847. His father was born in what is now Bibb county about 1814, and both parents dying he was left an orphan when he was about ten years old. He grew up as best he could, and educated himself. He engaged in business in Macon with an elder brother until the latter part of 1830, when he went to Randolph county, where, in 1841, he married and engaged prosperously in farm ing until 1850. Trading his farm for land in what is now Terrell county, he set tled in January, 1850, where Dawson now stands, and continued fanning. In 1856 the town was laid off and platted, and in 1858 was incorporated, and Mr. Bald win's father built the first residence in the then new and now enterprising and prosperous city of Dawson. He now added a merchandise business to his fann ing, and operated a mill just over the line in Calhoun county. He was very successful in his various enterprises until the war between the states occurred,

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when, besides valuable real estate holdings, he owned 100 slaves. He was active and energetic in business, and a shrewd trader. In politics he was an old-line whig, and was postmaster at Dawson twenty years. He was a master Mason, and himself and wife were members of the Methodist church. He died in Dawson in 1885, aged seventy-one years, and his widow died Jan. 3, 1894, aged seventy-two years. They were the parents of nine children: Martha E., who married R. T. Spearman, who as captain went with the Panola Rifles, of Dawson, into the Confederate service, and died in Virginia during the war; later she mar ried R. T. Harper, Atlanta, in which city she died; John Wiley, partner of A. J.; A. J., the subject of this sketch, and his twin brother, William R.; Lewis Spaight,
deceased; Moses H., deceased; Mary Matilda, deceased; Sarah, widow of J. W. Turner; Mary Spaight, wife of D. S. Ferguson, Dawson. Mr. Baldwin was reared in Dawson and attended the schools there until he was seventeen years old, when he enlisted in the Fifth regiment, Georgia reserves, and joined Gen. Hood's army. He participated in the battle of Jonesboro, and was with the ob structionist forces in front of Gen. Sherman when he was marching through Georgia and the Carolinas. He was wounded at Rivers' bridge by having both bones of his fore-arm broken, was sent to the hospital and was afterward furloughed and came home. His regiment surrendered at Bentonville, N. C. Soon after his return home he engaged in a general merchandising business with his father, and in 1868 went into business for himself. In 1880 he put up a large gin nery and mill, and six years later added a planing mill and machine shop. Besides these individual enterprises he is interested in the oil mill and compress com panies at Dawson. In 1891 the Baldwin three-story brick block, modem archi tecture and appointments, one of the finest in that part of the state, and an ornament to the city, was built. Mr. Baldwin, of untiring industry, never still, personally looks after all his enterprises, even to the minutest details; does all his own buying, and as this recital demonstrates, is a far-seeing and eminently progressive citizen. The esteem in which he is held is shown by the fact that he lias repeatedly been elected an alderman, was early in life elected mayor at inter vals, and then in 1892 elected again and re-elected in 1893 without opposition. Mr. Baldwin was happily married in Dawson in 1871 to Miss A. E., daughter of John H. Crouch, formerly of Butler, Taylor Co., Ga., where she was born and reared. Xine children have blessed this union. Those living at home are: William R., Andrew W., Florence A., Wiley L., Earnest, Moses C. and Alberta E. Two are dead--Lizzie, first-born, who died when eight months old, and an unnamed infant Mr. Baldwin is a Knight of Honor, a member of the Royal Arcanum and has taken all the degrees in masonry. Himself and family are members of the Methodist church, of which he is one of the trustees. He is one of the most influential citizens of the community, and his delightful home and interesting family are deservedly popular.

I C. GUERRY, merchant and planter, Chickasawhatchie, is a son of J. P. and
" Mary A. (Lowry) Guerry. He was born July 6, 1836, and his early days were spent on the farm and attending school. When the civil war broke out he was among the first to volunteer and joined the Twelfth Georgia Volunteer in fantry under Gen. Joe Johnston and remained in that command until he lost part of a hand and was badly wounded in the ankle. He then returned home and after farming awhile engaged in the mercantile business, which he still continues. He owns a farm of 300 acres, which he operates in connection with his business. Mr. Guerry was married to Rebecca A. Tison, a native of Georgia. They have one child, which was born in 1875, Jessie. Mr. and Mrs. Guerry are members of

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877

the Methodist Episcopal church. He has been justice of the peace for ten years, resigning in 1893.
C LI G. HILL, planter, Bronwood, Terrell Co., Ga., son of David B. and Matilda (Spencer) Hill, was born in Baldwin county, Ga., Jan. 2, 1820. His paternal
grandfather, Robert Hill, was a son of one of three brothers who came from Ireland before the revolutionary war, settled in Virginia, and served as a captain in the patriot army. After the war the brothers separated and the Georgia branch of the family lost track of the others. Mr. Hill's grandfather came to Georgia when a young man, on business, and being favorably impressed with the country determined to make it his home. He was a great talker, and the mixture of the Irish brogue with his English only made him the more interesting and popular, and he became much in demand as an auctioneer at public sales. He was thrice married. The offspring of his first marriage were: Thomas, who served as a volunteer soldier in one of the earlier Indian wars; and Olivia, who married, and reared a small family. His second marriage was to a Miss Bailey--a relative of the Baileys at Griffin, Ga. By this marriage he had six children: David B.; Hiram H., who, after marrying, died leaving three children; James A., who served as sheriff of Baldwin county, and died in 1842, leaving six children; Eli S., who after his marriage settled in Walton county, Ga., represented that county in the general assembly, and, in 1848, went to Texas; Charles, who married and moved to Arkansas, and settled near Arkadelphia; Rebecca, who married Robert Brown and settled in Crawford county, Ga., and after living there twenty years moved to Macon county, Ga., where herself and husband died, leaving a small family, some of whom are living in California. His third wife was a Miss Phinney, by whom he had no children. In 1823 he was killed by being thrown from a horse when returning from a sale. Mr. Hill's father was born at what was then known as "Shoulder Bone," in what is now Hancock county (laid off in 1793), July 5, 1792, and was raised and educated in Hancock and Baldwin counties. He remained on the old home place--included in Baldwin county when laid out in 1803--as a planter and stock raiser, in which he was very successful. Besides a large body of land he owned 103 slaves at his death, which occurred Dec. 31, 1843, m nis fiftysecond year. Politically he was an ardent and active old-line whig, but not an office seeker, as he would never accept office. His wife was born in Louisville (then the capital of Georgia) in 1795. Her family, the Spencers, were old settlers and prominent; an uncle, Col. Mowbrey, being an officer of the state government. They were the parents of eleven children: Mary, married Col. R. S. Williams, both dead; Caroline A., married J.W.Lightfoot, who died in ten months--then she married T. A. Goodwin, both dead; Eli G., our subject; Elizabeth R., near Dallas, Texas, widow of L. D. Holstein; Melvina, Albany, Ga., widow of Thomas God win, formerly of Milledgeville; Olivia, Austin, Texas, widow of F. K. Wright; David B., on the home place, Baldwin county; Jane A., married Ned Millner, Titus county, Texas; Josephine Ann, deceased wife of William Ross, Dallas, Texas; Melissa A., Milledgeville, widow of Ed White; John L., enlisted in Fourth Georgia regiment, died of measles, Camp Jackson, Norfolk, Va., Aug. i, 1861. Mr. Hill was principally reared and received his primary education in Baldwin county at the common schools; and afterward attended Oglethorpe university, then flourishing at Midway, Baldwin Co., one of his college mates being Gen. Phil Cook, secretary of state of Georgia, lately deceased. Returning home he was variously employed until 1839, when he moved to what was then Lee county, where, with two negro boys and 200 acres of land presented him by his father, he started in life for himself. He still owns the place, on which he lived until a few years ago, when he moved to Bronwood. In the Creek Indian war he was a

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member of Capt Gaither's cavalry company, for which, in 1850, he received a land bounty. When mustered into the service he was only sixteen years old, the youngest member of the company, and is now one of only three survivors
of the company--the other two being Judge A. H. Hansel], Thomasville, and Jacob Gunn, Milledgeville. He was a member--and chairman--of the first board of supervisors to look after jurors, continuing on the same eleven or twelve years. He was also a justice of the inferior court for many years. During the unpleas
antness he was appointed one of five commissioners in the county to look after the soldiers' families in Terrell county; and in 1878 he was elected to represent the county in the general assembly. Mr. Hill has taken a great interest in every movement proposed which in his judgment would advance the county materially and morally, always supporting candidates best fitted for the position sought-- himself neither seeking nor declining office. It has been the special solicitude and delight of his life so to educate his children that they would be intelligent, moral and useful members of society. Himself well educated, well informed gen erally, of refined thought and manners, he ranks high in all the walks of life.
Mr. Hill was happily married Oct. 2, 1842, to Miss Annie V., daughter of P. O. Paris, Warrenton, Ga., where she was born in 1825, and received her early educa tion. In 1841 she graduated from Wesleyan Female college, Macon, Ga. She was a life-long, exemplary- and useful member of the Methodist church, and died
April 17, 1889, having been the mother of thirteen children: Eugene B., enlisted in Sumter light guards, Americus, Ga., Fourth Georgia regiment, in 1861, and was killed July 18, 1864, at Snicker's gap, Shenandoah valley, on Early's retreat from Washington, D. C; Sarah E., Mrs. Frank Gyles, Americus, Ga.; George O., merchant, Bronwood; Anna S-, Mrs. M. A. Marks, died in Florida; Alma C., farming near Bronwood; David B., died in Americus, April, 1893, leaving a wife and six children; Mollie E., single, at home; Myrta V., a graduate of Wesleyan Female college, at home; James J., merchant, Bronwood, Ga.; Carrie A., deceased wife of G. C. Price, Macon, Ga.; John L., on the old home place, Terrell county; Inez, Mrs. Dr. X. B. Drewry, Griffin, Ga.; Jessie E., died when two years old. Delightfully domiciled, prosperous, highly and universally respected, and sur rounded by an interesting family and appreciative friends, he is pleasantly passing his declining years, patiently awaiting the final summons.

A LMA C. HILL, planter, Bronwood, Terrell Co., Ga., son of Judge Eli G. and
Annie V. (Paris) Hill, was born on the family homestead in what is now Terrell (then Lee) county, in 1850. His boyhood was passed on the plantation, and he was educated in the common schools of the county and Rylander academy at Americus. The war between the states interfering, he failed to receive the
thorough education intended for him. He remained at home until 1871, when he engaged as agent for the El Paso Stage company, continuing four years. In 1875 he returned and conducted a saw mill and lumber business for several years, and then located at his present home, about six miles east of Dawson, where he has since been engaged in farming. He takes considerable interest, and is very active in politics, but is very conservative. In 1890 he was elected to represent the eleventh senatorial district in the general assembly without opposition; was chairman of the committee on immigration and labor; was very active in his efforts in behalf of the bill placing the telegraph and express companies under the supervision of the railroad commissioners, and was made chairman of the sub-committee appointed on that subject In 1894 he was elected to represent the county in the general assembly. He is a successful farmer, public-spirited and popular. Mr. Hill was married Jan. 18, 1882, to Miss Ella T., daughter of Dr.

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879

S. B. Hawkins, of Americus, Sumter Co., Ga., where she was bom and educated. Two sons--Cooper and David B.--have blessed this union. Mrs. Hill is a con sistent member of the Presbyterian church.

JAMES J. HILL, merchant, Bronwood, is the son of E. G. Hill and Anna V. Paris. Mr. Hill was born Dec. 25, 1855, and was educated in the common
schools of Terrell county. When twenty-one years of age he accepted a position
with a mercantile firm in Americus, Ga., and was there employed two years. At the end of that time his experience and knowledge of the business led him to join hands with a partner, and the firm of Hill & Simpson was established. This partnership was continued to 1887, when it was dissolved, and Mr. Hill took
in as his partner his brother, G. O. Hill. This firm conducts a large general merchandise and supply store in Bromvood. Judge E. G. Hill, father of the above boys, is living in Bronwood a retired life. He is one of Terrell county's
leading citizens and best men. Mr. James J. Hill was married in 1886 to Willie
Dozier, a daughter of L. P. Dozier of Quitman county. To this union have been born three children, the living being Ethel and Albert P. Mr. Hill was postmaster
from 1878 to 1889, under a republican administration, though he is a strong
democrat. Mr. and Mrs. Hill are members of the Methodist Episcopal church. Mr. Hill is a wide-awake business man who believes in keeping in the swim, and
takes great interest in the progress and recent development of manufacturing possibilities of Georgia.

C. KENDRICK, physician, Dawson, Terrell Co., Ga., son of James C. and
" Mary (Butler) Kendrick--natives, respectively, of Georgia and Virginia--
was born in Morgan county, Ga., in 1831. His paternal great-great-grandfather came from England to America before the revolutionary war, and settled in Vir
ginia, where his great-grandfather, Burwell Kendrick, was born, entered the patriot army and served as a captain through the revolutionary war. He was a large planter, and two of his sons--Burwell, Jr., and Jones--came to Georgia when young men and settled in Wilkes county as planters. His grandfather, Burwell
Kendrick, raised a large family of children, of which Mr. Kendrick's father, James
C., was the youngest, and was born in 1801. When he was sixteen years old he volunteered and served under Gen. Jackson in the Florida war. On his return from the war he married, at the early age of eighteen, Miss Mary Butler, who was
only sixteen years of age. To them eleven children were born, of whom only two --Burwell J., Waco, Texas, and the subject of this sketch--are now living. Soon after his marriage he entered the ministry as a Baptist, but later in life became a
Universalist preacher, and died in that faith in Dawson, in 1884, aged eighty-three years. Politically he was an old-line whig. His wife died in Terrell county in
1877, aged seventy-three years. Dr. Kendrick was the sixth born of his parents*
children, and was principally raised and educated in Meriwether county, to which his parents moved when he was quite young. After living there fourteen years, they moved to Sumter county, where they also lived fourteen years, when they moved to Webster county, where they lived fourteen years. In 1853, while the
family was living in Sumter county, Dr. Kendrick commenced the study of medi cine under Dr. William J. Reese, of Buena Vista, Marion Co., Ga., subsequently attended lectures at the university of New York, graduating in 1856, and locating
that same year in Talbotton, Ga. He remained there until the spring of 1858, when he went to Fort Smith, Ark. When the war between the states began he returned to Georgia and enlisted as a private in the Twelfth Georgia regiment. A
few months later he was appointed surgeon, in which capacity he served until the
surrender, under Gen. Bragg and his successors. After the war he returned to

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MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

Webster count}-, and resuming the practice of medicine, remained there until 1880,
when he moved to and settled in Dawson, where he has since resided and built up a large and remunerative practice, and soon became a potent social and political factor. In 1876 and again in 1878 he was elected to represent Webster county in the general assembly. In 1888 he was elected to represent Terrell county in the same body, and again, after an interval of a term, in 1892. In one respect Dr. Kendrick has been quite unfortunate--he has suffered three times by fire--and each time lost nearly everything he had. But by force of character and his
recognized ability in his profession, he has surmounted all difficulties, and keeps well to the front He has served six years as jury commissioner, also on the board of education, and as one of the trustees of the college. Dr. Kendrick was first married to a Mrs. Kendrick, by whom he had one son--Herschell--who died when twenty-one years old. His second wife was Miss Emma C. Foster, of Georgia birth, daughter of Newett Foster, by whom he has had five children: James B., Nita, Mary, Belle, and Lester. He is a stanch democrat, and a royal arch Mason, has been W. M. of the lodge in Dawson, and on the finance committee ten years. He is a member of the Baptist church, of which he has been a deacon nearly twenty years, and Mrs. Kendrick is a valued member of the Methodist church.

JOHN T. LAMAR, physician and planter, Dawson, Terrell Co., son of Nathan and Sarah (Brooks) Lamar, was born in Invin count}', Ga., March 10, 1832. The
Lamar family descended from three brothers who came from France early in the history of the colonies, one of whom settled in Georgia, one in Maryland, and one in a northern state. His grandfather, James Lamar, was descended from the one who settled in Georgia, married Miss Alsanah Howard, Jan. 20, 1790, moved to Alabama, among its earliest settlers, and became one of its most prominent citizens. He was a successful planter and prospered, and lived in Alabama many years. Bereaved of his wife he returned to Georgia and settled in Columbia county, where he died at an advanced age, a consistent member of the Baptist church. They had the following children: Osborn, who died young; Elizabeth, married a Mr. Barnett, wrho became quite prominent in Georgia, and died in Greene county, Ga., aged ninety-six; Nathan; Alsanah, married a Mr. Hatter, settled in Columbia county
and died Sept. 22, 1871. John H., died in Alabama when a young man. Dr. Lamar's father, Nathan, was born in Alabama, Oct. 13, 1796, was educated in the common schools and grew to manhood in Columbia county; and lived there after ward some years. Thence he moved to Irwin county among its earliest settlers-- and settled in the woods. He continued his residence there until about the time the Cherokee Indians were removed, when he moved his family and lived in Crawford and Houston counties until his death, which occurred in 1847. His wife died in Terrell county at the home of the subject of this sketch in 1889--a consistent mem ber of the Baptist church. Five children were born to them: John T., the subject of this sketch: Henry G., born in 1837, planter. Dooly county; Frances, deceased, married first to a Mr. Shria. who died soon after the war, when she married T. Swearingen, and died in Dooly county in 1878; Elizabeth, died unmarried during the late war; Alsanah. Mrs. Gilmore, Dooly county. Dr. Lamar was principally raised and educated in Houston and Crawford counties in the "old-field" schools-- and what education he received was obtained before he was twelve years old. In 1848 his mother removed with her family to the Seventh district, Dooly county, where he worked on the farm until January, 1852, when he went to Americus, Ga., and worked as a mechanic a few months. In May that year he went to Starkville, Lee county, and worked at his trade until 1855. During all these years he employed his nights and all his leisure time in study and improving his education. Early in 1855 he began the study of medicine with Drs. C. P. Sutton and James

W. W. LEE.

TERREL.L COUNTY SKETCHES.

881

A. Tilman, Starksville, and in the winter of 1855-56 attended a course of lectures at the university of New York. About May i, 1856, he commenced the practice in Lee county, and in January, 1857, located in Dawson, then a small town, and succeeded in building up a fine practice. In 1858 he attended lectures at the Atlanta Medical college, and after his graduation continued his practice in Terrell and adjoining counties. In April, 1862, he enlisted in a cavalry company, of which Rev. Tom Jordan was captain. This company became a part of what was known as the Second Regiment, Georgia cavalry, Col. William J. Lawton, which was stationed at Atlanta a while, then transferred to Chattanooga, where, with a Ten nessee and the Eighth Texas regiments it became a part of what was known as the Forrest brigade of cavalry, and was assigned to the western army. He served with this command until the surrender, a portion of the time as assistant surgeon. In May, 1865, ne returned to his family, then living at Botsford, Sumter Co., Ga.-- having gone there in the summer of 1861--and resumed the practice of his pro fession. With no money and no property, and a growing family of small children, the doctor alludes to this as the darkest period of his life. In 1870 he moved back to Terrell county, where he successfully pursued his profession until his health failed. He owns several farms ranging from 50 to 350 acres each, in the northern part of the county. Dr. Lamar is a member of the distinguished family bearing that name so prominent in the states of Georgia, Mississippi and Texas, and in the national congress and judiciary; and, in his own right, stands high in his profession. Dr. Lamar was married Aug. 13, 1856, to Miss Nancy, daughter of Silas Mercer, a niece of Rev. Jesse Mercer, the eminent and erudite Baptist divine, and founder of Mercer university. She died July 3, 1858, leaving one son--James N., who died when three years old. Mrs. Lamar was an exemplary member of the Baptist church. In 1860 Dr. Lamar married Miss Sarah A., daughter of Hon. John Lawhon, of Terrell county, who had several times represented the county in the general assembly. Seven children have blessed this union: John N., Terrell county; Henry F., died when sixteen years of age; Leonidas Perry; Theophilus Lawhon; Lucius, a graduate of Atlanta Medical college before he was twenty-one, and two years later, of Tulan,e Medical college, New Orleans, La.; Lavansia; and Lizzie who is highly accomplished. Dr. Lamar is a democrat, was a-member of the I. O. O. F. until his lodge forfeited its charter, is a Master Mason, has been a Worshipful Master, and is a member of the Grand Lodge. Himself and family are prominent and useful members of the Methodist church.

'\J^ W. LEE, Dover, Terrell Co. (postoffice, Dawson), Ga., merchant and farmer, * was born in what is now Terrell county, Nov. 24, 1836, where he was raised
and educated. He is the youngest son of Noah P. and Mary Ann (Woolbright) Lee, and brother of Dr. J. T. Lee, whose sketch is given above. For a year after reaching maturity he sold merchandise and then engaged in the leather and shoe business near Dover for a short time. Disposing of this business he bought a tannery in Dawson and carried it on until 1869. Buying a farm near Dover he farmed two vears, and then removed to Dawson where for four years he engaged in the warehouse and commission business, and then returned to his farm where he has since remained with the exception of four years merchandising in Dover. Mr. Lee did not enter the Confederate service as he was exempt on account of being engaged in the tannery, and having a contract with the Central railway to supply 600 hands with shoes. He, however, volunteered before Gen. Sherman reached Atlanta, and was with a command in his front, but was taken sick with the measles and returned home before the surrender of the city. Mr. Lee married a Mrs. Fulton of Dooly (formerly of Terrell) county, by whom he has had nine children: James P., now living in Texas, Lula S., Mrs. W- S. Thornton, merchant, Dover; Charles S.,
n-56

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MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

Dover, married in May, 1895; Mary Willa, married in December, 1894, to Rev. L. J. Ballard, of South Georgia Methodist Conference; Thomas R.; Gussie A.;
Thomas, deceased; Ida, and Willie. Mr. Lee is a stanch democrat, and himself and family are members of the Methodist church. He is progressive and prosperous as a farmer and merchant, and himself and family stand high socially and financially.

J OHN T. LEE, physician and farmer, Dover, Terrell Co. (postoffice, Davvson), Ga., son of Noah P. and Mary Ann (Woobbright) Lee, was born in Lee
county, Ga., Aug. 29, 1835. His paternal grandfather, Solomon P. Lee, was a native of Virginia, where he lived until after his marriage. He married a Miss ilcGlochlin and moved to North Carolina; after remaining there a few years they migrated to Georgia and settled in Wilkes county, where he lived many years
and then removed to Henry county, where he died during the late war, aged ninety-six years. (The day before he died he walked three miles.) He was a volunteer soldier during the war of 1812-14. His wife, who was a member of the Primitive Baptist church, died some years before he did. Of six children
born to them, Dr. Lee's father was the second born and the eldest son, and was born in Wilkes county in 1803. He was reared on the farm and received a lim ited education in the common schools of the county, and after marrying a Miss
Woobbright, a lady of Scotch-Irish descent, he removed, August, 1835, to Lee count}-, Ga., and farmed near Starkville, leaving his family near Chickasawhatchie, where his wife died about 1840. He afterward married a Miss Hayes and settled for a time above Dover, later at a place two and a half miles from Dover, where he died in 1885, aged eighty-two years. He held the office of justice of the peace many years, was a true-blue democrat, and served as a soldier during the Cherokee Indian trouble. He was a member of the Methodist church, of which
he was a steward. His last wife died in 1887. By his first marriage he had four sons: Daniel S., died in Dougherty county, Ga., in 1878; James F., enlisted in the first company from Terrell county that entered the Confederate service, and
died in the winter of 1861-62, at White Sulphur Springs, Va.; J. T., the subject
of this sketch, and W. W., merchant-farmer, Dover, Terrell Co., Ga. Dr. Lee attained to manhood in Terrell county and was educated in the common schools
of the county. When of age he commenced the study of medicine under Drs. Janes & Graves, Dover, and after a year's study attended a course of lectures at the university of Nashville, Tenn. While there he suffered with bronchial affection and came home. Subsequently he went to Savannah and attended Oglethorpe Medical college, graduating in 1860. Returning to Dover he formed a partnership with Dr. Janes, his old preceptor, and engaged in the practice until March, 1862, when he enlisted in Company F, Fifty-first Georgia regiment. In the fall of that year he was detailed as steward of the field hospitals, in which capacity he served
until the battle at Knoxville, and when Gen. Longstreet fell back Drs. Lee, Cotton and Pickett were left in charge of the field hospitals. While in the discharge of
this duty he was taken prisoner and sent to Fort Delaware, where he was impris oned until March, 1865. During his service he had two narrow escapes--a shot
on one occasion passing through the coat just over the shoulder, and on another -occasion a shot passed through his hat Returning home he farmed a few years and then resumed the practice of his profession. He has also been engaged in merchandising in Dawson and in Gordon count}-, Ga., and in saw-milling in Coffee
county, Ga. In 1882 he returned to Dover, where he has since successfully prac
ticed his profession. Dr. Lee was married to Miss Mims, who was a native of Gordon county, Ga., by whom he had nine children: Mary F., Mrs. A. T. Wall;

VV. E. LUNDAY.

TERRELL, COUNTY SKETCHES.

Minnie, Mrs. D. A. Bowen; Rosa, Mrs. G. C. Patterson; John Tilden, William C, Richard H., Delia E., Roger Early and Dessie. Dr. Lee was a strong democrat and always voted that ticket, but for a few years past he has acted with the people's
party. He is a master Mason. Mrs. Lee is a member of the Methodist church.

E. LUNDAY, physician and planter, Chickasawhatchie, Terrell Co., Ga.,

son of Robert and Mary F. (Courvoisie) Lunday, was born in Screven coun

ty, Ga., in 1832. His father was born in Mecklenburg county, Va., in 1798, where

he was raised and educated and conducted a plantation. He migrated to Georgia

and settled in Screven county about forty-seven miles above Savannah and en

gaged in planting. Later he went to Springfield, Effingham Co., Ga., whence he

moved, about 1840, to Albany, Ga., where he lived until he died, in 1860, in the

sixty-second year of his age. He was an old-line whig, was a member of the

Baptist church, of which he was a deacon at the time of his death. His wife was

born in Chatham county, Ga., daughter of John Francis William and Mary

Courvoisie, of France, and he married her soon after coming to Georgia. She

was a Catholic, well educated and highly accomplished, having been educated

at the Ursuline convent in Canada. Seven children were born to them: Francis,

who died in Albany, Ga.; W. E., the subject of this sketch; Robert, in the Indian

Territory; Rebecca, widow of Spicer De Graffenreid, Albany, Ga.; Mary Joseph

ine, widow of James Hill, Macon, Ga.; Catharine Stanley, Macon; Jane Eliza

beth, Mrs. Thomas Frierson, Butler, Taylor Co., Ga. Dr. Lunday attained his

majority in Albany, where he was educated and prepared for entering the university

of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, from which he graduated in medicine in 1855. On

his return from college he located in Newton, Baker Co., Ga., where he practiced

his profession seven years. He then engaged in planting on a plantation adjoin

ing that of Gen. Colquitt, whence he moved to his present location in Terrell

county, where he has since practiced his profession and engaged in planting. He

enlisted as a private in the Sixth Georgia regiment, which was assigned to Gen.

Alfred H. Colquitt's command. A few months afterward he was detailed as

surgeon of the Twelfth Georgia regiment. Just after the battle of Big Bethel in

Virginia he was honorably discharged at Yorktown. Subsequently he joined and

was surgeon of the Tenth Georgia regiment, state troops. Dr. Lunday owned

fifty slaves during the war, for which, in 1864, Judge R. S. Lyons offered him

$400 each. Dr. Lunday was married in 1856 to Miss Mary Elizabeth, daughter of

Robert Collier, of Butts county, Ga., by whom he had two children: Dollie, de

ceased wife of William Vincent, Arkansas, and Lula, wife of David Maghee, Floyd,

Dooly Co., Ga. Mrs. Lunday, who was a member of the Baptist church, died

Jan. 2, 1860, aged twenty-two years. For his second wife Dr. Lunday married

Miss Mary Isabella, daughter of. Rev. Churchwell Anderson Crowell, formerly

of South Carolina, where she was born. Mr. Crowell, who was a minister of the

Methodist church for fifty years, moved from South Carolina to Cass (now Bartow)

county, whence, about the time Gen. Sherman entered Georgia, he moved to

Terrell county and settled on the Chickasawhatchie, where Dr. Lunday married

his daughter. Nine children have blessed this union: Annie, Mrs. J. D. Geise,

Sasser, Terrell Co.; Willie, lives in Texas; Blanche, Mrs. Emmett Aicardi, Texas;

Crowell, Terrell county; Mary Hill, Frank, Belle, Christine and Oliver, all home.

Mrs. Lunday is an exemplary member of the Methodist church. Before the

unpleasantness was precipitated the doctor was an old-line whig, but since the

surrender he has voted with the democracy. There are few cozier or pleasanter

homes in Georgia than this, no happier domestic circle. It is situated near breast

works constructed during the Florida war.

.-

884

MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

r\ UNCAX P. M'LAIX, a prominent planter of Herod, Terrell Co., Ga., was born
in Bladen count}-, X. C, in 1823, and was the son of James McLain, who was born in the same county in 1795. His father (grandfather of the subject of this sketch) was Peter McLain, a Scotchman from the Isle of Skye; came to America when a single man, about the time of the revolutionary war, in which he served as
a soldier. He married a Miss Wethersby of North Carolina, and settled in Bladen county, where he engaged in farming. He was a strict Methodist and a man high
ly respected by all who knew him. He died about 1823. To this union three sons were born: James, the father of the subject of this sketch; Hugh, who died in Americus, Ga., about 1870, and John, who died in Clarke county, Ala. The
mother of these children came to Georgia about 1829, and settled in Houston
county. She died in Botsford, Sumter Co., Feb. n, 1874. James McLain
died in Dooly county some years before the death of his mother.
Duncan P. McLain grew to manhood in Sumter and Houston counties. He married Miss I. J. McDonald, who was the daughter of John B. McDonald, a
native of Bladen county, X. C. Mr. McDonald's father was also a native of the Isle of Ski, and came to America about the time the original McLain did. John B. McDonald moved to Crawford county about 1829, where Mrs. Duncan P. Mc
Lain was born in 1836. She was the eldest child and was reared in Sumter county.
Mr. and Mrs. McLain moved to Henry count}', Ala., soon after their marriage, where they engaged in farming, continuing until the breaking out of the war,
when the husband enlisted in the army and served till the close of the war. He was made a prisoner at Xashville, Tenn., and sent to Camp Chase, Ohio, where he was kept until the surrender of Lee. He then returned to his family, which had
moved to Sumter county, Ga., where they lived until 1875, when he settled at
what is known as Herod postoffice, Terrell Co., where he is extensively engaged in farming. He is a member of the Methodist church, of which he is a steward,
and superintendent of the Sunday school. In politics Mr. McLain is a democrat,
but his attention has been more given to business with the most successful results. He is a thoroughly self-made man and his large estate he has acquired
entirely through his own efforts. By this marriage Mr. McLain had several chil
dren. Kennet McLain, the oldest son, went as a missionary to China, but owing to bad health had to return to America and was preaching in Atlanta when he sickened and died. Rev. McLain was a most promising young man, of a brilliant
mind and possessing a fine education. His loss was deeply felt by many friends
and the cause of religion. James J. McLain now lives in Herod; W. A. is a mer
chant at Dawson, Ga., and was married to Miss Fannie Barrow, of Madison, Ga., a daughter of Prof. S. Barrow. They have one child, William KenneL George
T.. the fourth son, now deceased, was a partner with W. A. in the business at Dawson; D. F. is a merchant at Dawson; Anna Bell, the youngest child and only daughter, lives at home. The mother of these children, a consistent and
highly respected member of the Methodist church, died in 1884. Mr. McLain
married for his second wife Miss Lucy Rogers, daughter of David Rogers, of Sumter county, born June 26, 1854. They live in a beautiful country residence
near Herod.

JAMES J. M'LAIX, merchant-planter, Herod, Terrell Co., Ga., son of Duncan
P. and Isabella J. McLain, was born in Henry county, Ala., Nov. 24, 1856. His father soon after his marriage, moved to Alabama, and purchased land in
Henry count}-, where he lived until the war between the states began. He then enlisted in an Alabama regiment, which was subsequently consolidated with
the Twenty-fifth Alabama regiment. During the war the family moved back to

TERRELX, COUNTY SKETCHES.

885

Georgia and settled in Sumter county. After some years his father removed to Terrell county, which lias since been his home. Mr. McLain's boyhood and youth were spent in Henry county, Ala., and in Sumter and Terrell counties, Ga., where he was principally educated in the common schools of the county. His services being needed on the farm he attended school But little after settling in Terrell county. On attaining his majority Mr. McLain married and settled on a farm near the home place--where he still lives, and has prospered. He is now, in addition to his large farming interests, engaged in merchandising, as a member of the firm of Haas, Harris, Brim & McLain, who cam- a large stock of general merchandise, and transact a large and profitable business. In 1892 Mr. McLain was appointed postmaster at Herod. Mr. McLain was married Nov. 9, 1879, to Miss Cannie Hood, daughter of John Hood, formerly of north Georgia. Her father died during the civil war, and she was a child when her family moved to Terrell county, where she was educated in the country schools, and at Dawson, and grew to womanhood. Their union has been blessed with seven children: Alma, Maude E., Ruby K., Mary Isabella, Bessie L., George K., James P. He is a working democrat, one of the leading men of the county, and a prominent member of the Methodist church. Mrs. McLain is a member of the Baptist church. They have a delighlful home, and the family is popular in the social circles of the community.
MATTHEW MARSHALL, planter, Sasser, Terrell Co., Ga., son of Matthew and Margaret (King) Marshall, was born in Houston county, Ga., in 1834.
Mr. Marshall's father was born in Ohio, and when a young man migrated to North Carolina and settled in Rockingham county, where not long afterward he mar ried, came to Georgia, and settled in Jones county. Soon afterward he moved to Houston county, and after farming a few years on rented land settled on an unimproved place, where he died, about 1840, aged about sixty years. He was a consistent member of the Baptist church. In 1852 his widow moved with her family to Lee county, Ga., and settled a place on which she lived until after the war, when she came to Sasser and made her home with the subject of this sketch until her death, which occurred in 1873. To them eleven children were born, all growing to maturity, and four of whom still survive: James N., moved to Yazoo county, Miss., entered the Confederate service, lost an eye in the war, was a planter afterward, and died in 1887; Emily, deceased wife of R. E. Story, Houston county; Rhoda, Mrs. William Moreland, Terrell county; Levi enlisted in Company H, Thirteenth Georgia regiment, and died of sickness at Staunton, Va., in 1863; William moved to Yazoo county, Miss., enlisted in the Confederate service, and died in Holmes county, Miss., about 1864; Polly, deceased wife of Henry King, Lee county; Matthew, the subject of this sketch; Thomas J., a member of the Eleventh Georgia regiment, died in Richmond, leaving a family; Sarah J., died in 1853, unmarried; Rebecca, Mrs. A. J. McClendon, Terrell county; Margaret, married Jehu Davis, who was killed during the war; and she is now Mrs. W. S. Bowen, Terrell county. Mr. Marshall was raised principally in Houston county, where he received a fair common school education. When eighteen years old he accompanied his mother to Lee county, and assisted on the farm until 1861, when he enlisted in Company H, Capt. Spearman, Thirteenth Georgia regiment, and left Dawson July 5, 1861, for the army. He participated in the seven days' fight around Richmond, and the battles at Gettysburg and Fredericksburg, and was captured in the battle in which Stonewall Jackson was killed; was taken to and detained ten days in Washington city, then sent to Fort Delaware. After twenty days' imprisonment he was exchanged and imme diately returned to Tackson's division, then under the command of Gen. Early.

886

MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

He was a participant in the fight on the Susquehanna when the bridge at Wrightsville was burned; was at Gettysburg in the hottest of the fight; then in the Shenandoah valley, where there were engagements of more or less importance almost every day--receiving a severe flesh wound by being shot through the left thigh at Strasburg--and was at Petersburg when that city was evacuated. He was again taken prisoner there, and sent to Point Lookout, where he was held until after the surrender. He experienced many hardships, and suffered many privations while in the service, but endured it all as the faithful patriotic soldier that he was should. In the battle at Gettysburg he had his cartridge box on one side, his canteen on the other, and both were several times shot through with minie balls; and at other battles his clothing was many times perforated. After the surrender, and his release from Point Lookout, he returned to his mother's plantation in Lee county. Xov. 2, 1865, he married Mrs. Sarah Jane (nee King) McClendon, who died April 4, 1886. She was a consistent member of the Baptist church. September 15 following, Mr. Marshall married Miss Rebecca J. King (a cousin of his first wife), daughter oi John King, of Houston county, where she was reared and educated, who has borne him five children: Sallie Maggie; Willie Irene; John Matthew, died in 1893; John M.; Marshallie. In 1865 he purchased a place on the Chickasawhatchie creek, about two miles from where he now lives, and which he still owns. In 1881 he settled on his present place about half a mile from Sasser, where he has about 700 acres under splendid cultivation, and a delightful home, where he is enjoying life surrounded by hosts of warm friends. He is one of the best, and one of the leading farmers in Terrell county. Himself and wife are exemplar}- members of the Primitive Baptist church, of which he has been a deacon for twenty years.

\A7ILLIAM MORELAXD, planter, Dawson, Terrell Co., Ga., son of Edward and Nancy (McClendon) Moreland, was bom in Jones county, Ga., 'Nov. 18,
1822. Mr. Moreland's grandfather was a weaver by trade and went among the
Cherokee Indians a great deal teaching them how to weave. Finally he went among them, and as he was never heard from, it was supposed he had died. He left two children--Edward and Sallie--who were thus made orphans, and were
reared by an aunt Atkinson in Jones county. Sallie married Burrell McClendon, who, after living a number of years in Bibb county, moved to and settled in what is now Terrell county. Here Mr. Moreland's father married his wife, oldest child of John McClendon, formerly of South Carolina. He lived in Jones county until
he had six children, when he moved, about 1832, to within four miles of where the subject of this sketch is now living. It was partially improved, and a portion of the tract forms a part of the estate of Gen. Phil Cook. He lived on this place until he died, in 1844, in the fifty-first year of his age. He became a cripple when a young man, but it did not affect his energy or determination of purpose. He
was an old-line whig in politics, and a member of the Methodist church, of which he was a class leader many years. His maternal grandfather, John McClen don, was a native of Soutli Carolina, whence, after he had considerable of a fam ily he moved to Alabama. Not being pleased he shortly returned to South Caro
lina. Not long afterward he came to Georgia and settled in Jones county, whence, about 1830, he moved to Lee county and settled on land which is now a part of Gen. Phil Cook's estate, where he lived until he died, in his seventy-first year. In politics he was an uncompromising whig. His wife was Miss Dicey Blackwell, born in South Carolina, and they reared a large family of children. To Mr. Moreland's parents ten children were born, all of whom but one grew to matu rity: John, who was a volunteer in the Florida war, died in 1891 while on a

TERRELL. COUNTY SKETCHES.

887

visit to that state; Bartley (deceased), moved to Arkansas, and served in the army during the late unpleasantness; William M., the subject of this sketch; Martha, deceased wife of George W. King, Alabama; Dicey, deceased wife of James Brown, Terrell county; Joseph went to Pike county, Ala., enlisted in the Confederate service, was taken sick at the siege of Vicksburg, and died on the way home; Newton was in the service with his brother Joseph, was taken sick and died at Vicksburg; Elizabeth, widow of Calvin C. Kersey, formerly of Lee, now of Terrell county; Dennis went to Alabama, entered the Confederate service in which he died; Sallie died when a child. The mother of these children died when about forty-five years of age--a consistent member of the Methodist church. For his second wife Mr. Moreland married Mrs. Polly (nee McClendon) Hawkins, by whom he had one child, Hugh, now living in Louisiana. Mr. Moreland was in his eleventh year when his father moved to Lee from Jones county, where he had enjoyed excellent school facilities. These were quite limited in his new home; and his father's crippled condition making it necessary for the older children to assist in the plantation work, he was deprived of further school advantages. But when he became of age he attended subscription schools several months, much to his advantage. In 1848 he moved to where he now lives, eight miles east of Dawson, in sight of which he has lived more than sixty years, and commenced fanning, which has been his life occupation. When he located where he is the country was comparatively unsettled, and his nearest white neighbor was five miles distant, and very little clearing except along Middle creek. In 1863 he enlisted in the Sixty-fourth Georgia regiment under Gen. A. H. Colquitt, and served until the battle of Ocean Pond, Fla., Oct 20, 1864, when he was seriously wounded by being shot through the right choulder by a minie ball, fracturing the bone. He was sent to the hospital at Tallahassee, Fla., and soon afterward given a furlough and came home. While at home he was taken sick and could not re-enter the service, so he went to Virginia, where his command was and secured an honorable discharge. He then returned to his farm to which he has since given his undivided attention. His first purchase of land was sixty acres, to which he added from time to time until he owned 800 acres. Unambitious of office, and having no higher worldly aspiration than that of being a good citizen and neghbor, he has pursued the quiet life of a farmer, devoting himself exclusively to his farming interests. He makes plenty and to spare; possessing a pleasant home and the affectionate regard of his family and the unreserved esteem of his fellow-citizens. Mr. Moreland was married in Houston county, Ga., Dec. 16. 1847, to Miss Rhoda Marshall--born in Jones county, Ga., in 1827--by whom he has had seven children: Bartley, living on adjoining plantation; Nancy, deceased wife of Nathan Davis; Martha, Mrs. J. T. King, Terrell county; Sallie, deceased wife of J. T. Kitchens; Rebecca, Mrs. Dr. J. R. Kidd, Preston, Web ster Co., Ga.; Victoria, Mrs. J. T. Kitchens, Terrell county; W. E., living on a part of the old homestead. Before the war Mr. Moreland was an old-line whig, but since the war he has voted with the democracy. Himself and wife are exem plary and revered members of the Primitive Baptist church. "IA/ D. MURRAY, farmer, Dawson, Terrell Co., Ga., son of Moses W. and
" Eliza B. (Warnock) Murray, was born in Charleston district, S. C., in 1828. His grandfather, Rev. Moses Murray, was a local Methodist preacher, was born and raised in Charleston district, where he planted and preached all his life, and died there at an advanced age in 1838. His wife, Margaret (Bunch) Murray, was of Dutch descent, was also born in Charleston district, and survived her husband many years. She was a very devoted member of the Methodist church, and was a regular attendant at the camp meetings held yearly at Providence camp ground,

888

.

MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

near Charleston, where they had a tent. To them six children were bom: Ann, married Rev. John Bunch of the South Carolina conference, who died in Florida at the advanced age of ninety years, having been blind many years before
her death; Moses W., father of our subject; Lovick Pierce, who went to Louisiana and farmed in early life, then returned to Georgia, and after farming awhile engaged in milling. He finally settled near Xorcross, Gwinnett Co., leaving a good estate and a widow, who is still living; Dilla, deceased wife of John Durr, who came to Georgia and farmed awhile, then moved back to South Carolina, where she died: Margaret, deceased wife of John S. Wimberly, farmer and wheel
wright, Calhoun count}-, Ga.; Mary Ann, married Joseph Inabnett and came to Georgia and settled in Baker county, where she died. Air. Murray's father was the second child and oldest son of the family, and was born in Charleston district, :?. C., in 1800, where he was raised and given a common school education. When attaining manhood he married Eliza B. Warnock, born in Charleston, only daughter of Gabriel Warnock, a native of England. His wife was left a widow with three sons and one daughter (the mother of our subject). The sons were: John, who died in Calhoun county, Ga.; S. C., who died near the old home place; Joseph, who was a prominent Methodist minister, lived to be quite old before he died. In 1843 ^r- Murray's father moved with his family to Georgia, by wagon, and settled on land in Baker county, now included in Calhoun county, on which he lived until 1872. when lie died. He furnished a substitute during the Cherokee Indian trouble. In politics he was a whig, but took no active part as a partisan, devoting his time and attention to his farm and family. He was an active and exemplar\- member of the Methodist church, of which he was a steward, and a class leader from early manhood. His wife was also a devoted member of the same church, and died in 1878. They were the parents of eight children: James R. X., who died with pneumonia in 1861: W. D., the subject" of this sketch; Elizabeth M., deceased wife of Dr. Walter T. Murchison, Arlington, Calhoun Co., Ga.: Mary, in Florida, widow of John Murchison; Moses H., died near Albany, Ga., March n, 1894: Sarah, Mrs. L. M. Leonard, Terrell county; S. T. C., Cochran, Pulaski Co.. Ga.; and Dorothy Selatha, Mrs. Larkin Johnson, Terrell count}-. Mr. Murray received his boyhood schooling in South Carolina, an interesting incident of which was, that one of his teachers, Peter Eggleston, an old Englishman, was also a teacher of his father. Although only a youth, he was :nustered into the South Carolina militia before he left the state. He received some schooling after coming to Georgia. What he lacked in educational ad vantages when growing up he has largely supplied by close observation and practical life-experience. On reaching maturity he began farming for himself in Baker county. During the latter part of the civil war he served in Wheeler's cavalry, participated in the battle of July 22, 1864, in other fights, and skirmishes around Atlanta, in Wheeler's raid in Tennessee, covering Johnson's retreat, and at Aiken. S. C. He is an old-time democrat, and cast his first vote for George W. Towns for governor of Georgia. Although taking an active part in politics he never aspired to office, but served many years as a justice of the peace. In 1894 he was elected to represent his district in the general assembly. Mr. Murray when twenty-four years of age married Miss Elizabeth Jones, daughter of Bryant Tones', a prominent Early county farmer. She was born in Florida in 1833, and when she was a little girl her parents moved to Early county. They have no children, but have twin boys, nephews, sons of Moses H. Murray, whom they received into their family in 1875. when they were eleven months old. Mr. Murray is a master Mason, and has presided as worshipful master of his lodge.
Mrs. Murray and family are exemplary members of the Methodist church.

TERRELL COUNTY SKETCHES.
B. OXFORD, planter, Dawson, Terrell Co., Ga., son of John and Jane * (Baker) Oxford, was born in Lumpkin county, Ga., in 1836. His greatgrandparents came from Europe and settled in North Carolina, where they raised a quite large family of children. His paternal grandfather, Jonathan Oxfordborn in 1765--was one of eight sons of this family, no two of whom settled in the same state; one was killed at the battle of New Orleans. Jonathan married a Miss White, born in North Carolina, and settled in Buncombe county, that state, where four children--three sons and one daughter--were born to him. He then moved to Georgia, settled first in Lumpkin county, where he remained until 1845-46, when he went to Walker county, where he prospered as a farmer, and died in 1850, aged eighty-five years. He accumulated some property as a farmer and stock raiser, and was a democrat in politics. His wife died some years later very old. Their children were: Jacob, who first settled in Georgia, and later moved to middle Tennessee; David, died in Whitfield county, Ga., never married; Elizabeth, married James Owenby, who died, and then she married William Hall and went to Kansas; and John. The last-named was Mr. Oxford's father, who was born in Buncombe county, N. C, Nov. 24, 1/99, where he was raised on the farm. He married Miss Jane Baker of Ashe county, N. C, and after living a short time in Buncombe, migrated to Georgia about 1825, coming in a four-horse wagon through the mountains (a pleasant and interesting trip, although the country was wild, mountainous and sparsely peopled), and settled in Lumpkin county. About the time of the Cherokee purchase he moved to Walker county, where he lived until after the battle of Chickamauga, when he refugeed to Terrell county and located in Dawson, where he died in 1882. He assisted in removing' the Cherokees from Georgia. His wife, born in 1804, died in Walker county in 1854. Himself and wife were members of the Missionary Baptist church. To them eleven children were born. Those living are: Amanda ]., wife of W. R. Russell, Whitfield county; W. B., the subject of this sketch; John H., Terrell county; C. F., Terrell county; Josephine, Mrs. B. F. Commander, Fannin county, Tex. Those deceased are: James H., accidentally shot himself while hunting; Nancy, deceased wife of John 1'nryear, Walker county, Ga.; Sarah L., deceased wife of J. C. O'Neal, Walker county; Louisa, died when fourteen years old: Elizabeth, deceased wife of H. B. Ccbb, Fannin county, Tex.; David W., acci dentally killed in Dawson in 1870 while under a tent during Ames' show, by a shot fifed outside. After the death of his wife he married Mrs. John Oxford (nee White) Ellis, by whom he had three children: Lee, Whitfield county: the other two died young. His widow is yet living in Whitfield county, Ga. Mr. Oxford was raised on the farm and educated in Walker county, where he lived until he reached maturity--1857--when he went to Texas and engaged in clerking until the war between the states began. He then enlisted in the Third Texas regiment cavalry, commanded by Gen. Ben McCulloch, and participated in the battle of Oak Hill--where Gen. Lyons was killed--and Pea Ridge, in the Missouri cam paign. He was then transferred to east of the Mississippi river under Gen. Albert Sidney Johnston, and afterward to Gen. Bragg's command. After the battle of Chickamauga he was in no important battle, but was in numerous minor engage ments. In 1873 he moved to Terrell county and purchased the tract of land on which he now lives, then partially improved, to which he has added until his holding amounts to 800 acres, 500 in one body, most of which is under fine cultivation. He is one of Terrell's most prominent and substantial citizens. Hewas at one time tax collector of the county, and was one of the commissioners in charge of the building of the new court house. Mr. Oxford was married to Miss Mary Commander, daughter of John Wesley of Macon county, who has borne him nine children: Nancy J., deceased Avife of John S. Jones, leaving four

890

MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

children; John T., on home place, married Miss Minnie Marshall and has two children; Mattie, Mrs. John M. Wall, Terrell county, one child; William H.; B. C;
Maty J.; D. M.; and J. H., at home, and a boy-baby, which died unnamed. Mr. Oxford is a strong democrat and a master Mason. Himself and wife are members of the Missionary Baptist church.

JAMES GUYTON PARKS, attorney-at-Iaw, Davvson, Terrell Co., Ga., son of

Wiley G. and Tabitha (Guyton) Parks--born, respectively, in North Carolina

and Georgia--was born in Laurens county, Ga., June 28, 1853. His father was

born in North Carolina in 1818, the youngest of a large family of children, some

of whom became prominent in the professions and the ministry, one as pastor

of Trinity church, New York city. He came to Georgia when a young man and

settled in Floyd county, where he read law, and was admitted to the bar in Rome,

Ga. About this time he made his home with Rev. Dabney P. Jones, a prominent

Methodist minister, but more generally and popularly known throughout Georgia

and Alabama as "Uncle Dabney," and as an influential temperance lecturer. The

close association with ''Uncle Dabney" growing out of this relationship, and the

influence the beloved philanthropist exercised, resulted in Mr. Parks' deciding

to become an itinerant Methodist preacher, and he applied for admission to and

was accepted by the Georgia conference. He acceptably filled many important

pastorates and the presiding eldership of districts. He was in charge of Terrell

circuit when the war between the states began, when he raised a company, of

which he was elected captain, and entered the Confederate service. After the

war he was elected judge of the county court, which he held some years, and

engaged in the practice of law. Later he was elected ordinary, an office which

he held until the year before he died, in 1877, aged fifty-nine years. In early

life he was an old-line whig, but late in life he became a democrat, and was an

enthusiastic supporter of Samuel J. Tilden for the presidency. He was an ex

emplary member of the Methodist church, and exercised a wide and powerful

influence. Mrs. Parks' parents were of eminent South Carolina families, who

early in life came to Georgia, where she was born. She is still living, has been a

life-long ardent and active member of the Methodist church, and makes her home

with her son, the subject of this sketch. Their family of children consisted of six:

James Guyton; William S., deceased, secretary Lamar Drug company, Atlanta,

Ga., eminent as a pharmacist; Canrie, wife of F. E. Clark, cashier Dawson National

bank; Lloyd B., of the George Muse Clothing company, Atlanta; Helen, wife of

L. F. Cater, merchant, Perry, Houston Co., Ga., and Frank L. Mr. Parks was

educated and prepared for college at the best schools in Dawson, then entered

the university of Georgia, Athens, graduating in the law department in 1874. He

was for a short time a professor in the South Georgia Male institute, Dawson,

and subsequently a member of the board of trustees. He was chosen as a trustee

of the Southwest Georgia Agricultural college, at Cuthbert, in 1880, and that

same year was elected to represent the Eleventh senatorial district in the general

assembly, and was re-elected in 1882, being elected each time without opposition.

In 1881 he edited the "Dawson Journal," and in 1885 was appointed on the board

of visitors to the university of Georgia. In 1888 he was appointed, and still

continues to be, local attorney of the Central Railroad and Banking company of

Georgia. Mr. Parks was married Oct 19, 1875, to Miss Eola G., daughter of

Prof. William H. Alien, by whom he has had three children: William Wiley,

deceased; James Guyton, Jr., and Warren B. He is a gentleman of culture and

ranks with the foremost in ability and in social, financial and political circles, and

wields a far-reaching salutary influence.

"

TERKELL, COUNTY SKETCHES.

891

I L. PARROTT, merchant-planter, Parrott, Terrell Co., Ga., son of James and Harriet (Dennard) Parrott, was born in Twiggs county, Ga. His paternal
grandfather was a native of France, came to Georgia and settled in Washington county late in the last century. Mr. Parrott's parents were born in Washington county--the father in 1795, the mother in 1800. While they were yet children their parents moved to Twiggs county, Ga., where, when grown, they were mar
ried. In 1834, with three children, they moved to Stewart county (pioneers) and settled near Lumpkin. In 1834 a tract of improved land (then in Randolph coun ty) was bought, where the subject of this sketch now lives, where his father died
Jan. 19,1865, and his mother in October, 1888. Mr. Parrott served as a volunteer in the Indian war. To them eight children were born, of whom there are now living: Laura, Mrs. Samuel Stokes, Terrell county; Mary A., same county; J.
L., the subject of this sketch; Louisa Virginia, Mrs. L. M. Jumper, Parrott, Ga. Those deceased are: Benjamin, died when eighteen years old; Augustus, enlisted in the Thirty-first Georgia regiment, was captured, and the last seen of him was in Point Lookout (Md.) prison; Martha (Mrs. Whaley) and Harriet. Mr. Parrott was raised in the vicinity where he now lives, and was educated in the common schools of the county. At the age of nineteen he commenced farming for him
self and was thus engaged when the war between the states began. He enlisted in Company K, Seventeenth Georgia regiment, under Gen. Henry L. Benning, formerly of Columbus. He saw much arduous service and participated in many hard-fought battles, among them second Manassas, seven days' fight around Rich mond, Sharpsburg, Gettysburg, Fredericksburg, Wilderness, Cold Harbor, Peters burg and many minor engagements. In 1863 his command was ordered south and took part in the battles at Knoxville and Chickamauga and numerous small engagements and skirmishes. After two years' service as a private he was elected first lieutenant and held the office till hostilities ceased. He received two flesh wounds, one at Gettysburg and one at Chickamauga, during his service and was furloughed but once, and that was just before the surrender, which occurred after he reached Virginia, but before he reached his command. After the war he returned to his farm and is now very extensively engaged in farming and is also financially interested in various other enterprises. In 1889, about a year before
the Columbus Southern (Columbus to Albany) railway was built, he laid out the town--named Parrott, in compliment to him--which has become a very consid erable trading point. Mr. Parrott has taken great pride and a lively interest in
the development atid prosperity of the town, which now has the Parrott high school, sustained by subscription, a Methodist and Missionary Baptist church, seven stores, two ginneries, a planing mill, grist mill, variety works and hotel and livery stable, all doing a prosperous business. Soon after the town, which is located on the Columbus Southern railway nine miles northwest of Dawson, was founded, it was established as a postoffice. Mr. Parrott has been mayor of the town until within a year and is a member of the board of trustees of the high school. He is a solid democrat and is one of the large planters and one of the substantial citizens of the county. He has done himself and the county great
injustice by remaining unmarried.

JAMES C. SIMPSON, merchant-planter, Bromvood, Terrell Co., Ga., son of William G. and Alice A. (Johnson) Simpson, was born within three miles of
his present home Dec. i, 1856. On his father's side he is of Irish descent--his great-great-grandfather coming from Ireland to America and settling in North Carolina. With his sons he engaged in milling near Fayetteville, in that state, and followed it many years. Mr. Simpson's grandfather, James Simpson, mar-

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MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

ried Miss Priscilla Williams, of Duplin county, N. C., and died comparatively
young, in 1826 or 1827, leaving his widow with three children. His widow mar ried Daniel Kennedy, North Carolina born, who came to Georgia in "1830 and
settled in that part of Lee county subsequently included in Terrell county. He
was a soldier in the last war with Great Britain, an old-line whig, and very highly esteemed as a citizen. He died in 1869, far advanced in years, and his wife died in
1885, in her eighty-fifth year. Both were devoted members of the Primitive Bap tist church. The children she bore her first husband, James Simpson, were: John J., who was quite active and influential in politics subsequently to the late
unpleasantness, was sheriff of Lee county many years, and afterward sheriff of
Terrell county, dying while in the office, leaving a quite large family; Priscilla,
unmarried and living at Bronwood, and William G. Mr. Simpson's father was born in North Carolina in 1825, and when the family came to Georgia and settled
in Lee (on land now included in Terrell) county, was a small boy. He grew to manhood on the farm and was educated at the common schools of the county. He remained with the family until January, 1854, when he settled near the old home
stead and engaged in planting. In 1862 he enlisted in the Fifty-first Georgia regiment, was made third lieutenant, and with his command participated in several important battles--Second Manassas (where he received a flesh wound from a
spent ball). Gettysburg, Petersburg and many minor engagements. On account of ill health he was honorably discharged. After remaining at home a few months
lie went to the coast and made salt until a short time beforerthe surrender, when he came home and joined the militia, but being taken sick with pneumonia, he
was compelled to come home for good. Just before the surrender he was elected justice of the peace, and in 1874 was elected to represent the county in the general assembly. He was married in January, 1854, to Miss Alice A. Johnson, born in
Barnwell district, S. C., Dec. 5, 1834, daughter of Haley Johnson, who with his family, including six children, came from South Carolina to Georgia in 1844, and
settled first at Smithville, Lee Co., and later on a plantation near where Dawson now stands. He was a stanch democrat, took great interest in politics, and although exempt by age, did active service in the latter part of the war. His wife, a Primitive Baptist, died in 1863, aged fifty-three years, and he died in 1884,
aged seventy years. Six children were born to them: James M., in Virginia; Sophia, deceased wife of James Lester; Alice A., mother of the subject of this sketch: George, killed in battle, Knoxville, Tenn.; Lizzie, deceased wife of Garrard Sassar, Shellman, Ga.; Edward, served through the war, now in Texas. Mr. Simpson's father was successful as a planter, saw-mill man and merchant, and
died July 15, 1885, and his mother died June 27, 1894. She was a devout and exemplar}- member of the Methodist church. Five sons blessed their union, of
whom three are living: John Haley, James C, the subject of this sketch, and William Lafayette, Bronwood. The two deceased are: Samuel Whitfield, died aged two years and six months, and Walter J., died when eleven months old. Mr. Simpson was raised in and was educated in the common schools of Terrell county,
and in 1874-75 took a course in Moore's Business college, Atlanta. He after ward devoted his attention for many years to farming. Later he engaged in mer-
chandsing, first at Sasser and subsequently at Bronwood, where he is farming and conducting a general merchandise store, and prospering in both. His only interest in politics is to vote for the best qualified, upright candidate. He mar ried Miss Belle, daughter of Col. R. F. Crittenden, of Shellman, Randolph Co., Ga., a graduate of Andrew Female college, Cuthbert, Ga. To them two children
have been born: Alice P. and Robert C.

TERRELL, COUNTY SKETCHES.

893

1 H. WILLIFORD, physician and druggist, Parrott, Terrell Co., Ga., son of
" Samuel and Martha H. (Dismukes) Williford, was born in what is now Web ster county in 1852. His grandfather, William Williford, was a native of North Carolina, migrated to Georgia early in this century, and settled in what is now Madison county, where he raised a large family. Here Dr. Williford's father was born in 1810. Madison county was laid off in 1811, and his mother was born in Clarke county in 1821--yet living, and very robust for her age. His father was raised a farmer and educated at the country schools; was with the force which accompanied the Cherokee Indians to Indian Territory in 1836, read law and was admitted to the bar, and held a government position in Milledgeville. After his removal to what is now Webster county he taught school in connection with prac ticing law, conducting a planting interest and operating a saw-mill--using the first circular saw used in that portion of the state. He accumulated a valuable property, including large tracts of land, was one of the progressive men in his section, and kept fully abreast with the times in politics and general advancement He was held in high estimation by his fellow citizens, a stanch democrat in politics, a master Mason, and a member of the Methodist church, of which he was steward for many years. During the late unpleasantness he served in the state militia and died in 1882, aged seventy-two years. Dr. Williford's mother was thirteen years old when her parents moved to what is now Webster county, where she was educated and grew to womanhood. Her father, William Dismukes, was one of the early settlers and encountered all the privations, hardships and danger from Indian depredations incident to frontier life. She is the oldest of four children yet living, the other three being: Dr. Dismukes, Weston, Webster Co., Ga.; Colum bus W., near Weston, and Jane, widow of Augustus Parrott, also near Weston. Mrs. Williford is an exemplary and revered member of the Methodist church, and of the children born to her four are living: Samuel L., Webster county; J. H., the subject of this sketch; Mary (Mrs. Hardwick), Webster county; Ella V. (Mrs. Bowman), Bronwood, Terrell Co. Dr. Williford was raised and received his primary education in Webster count}- and at Hogansville, Ga.; then took his first medical course at Miami Medical college, Cincinnati, Ohio, and his second course at the Cincinnati College of Medicine and Surgery, from which he was graduated before attaining his majority. He located near where Parrott now stands and practiced in Terrell county about five years, when he removed to Web ster county, near his old home. He remained there until Parrott began to build up, when he moved to the new town and in connection with his practice engaged in merchandising under the firm name of Williford & Whaley. He continued this until the fire in 1892, when he was burned out and lost heavily. He continued his practice with satisfactory success and is the leading phyisician of his locality. In February, 1894, he established a drug store in Parrott and has secured a grow ing and profitable trade. He commenced merchant-life with his father and con tinued it after his father's death. He was also at one time engaged in saw-milling, but the mill was destroyed by fire, involving a loss of $3,000. He was postmaster some years at Chenubee, Webster Co., and is now postmaster at Parrott Dr. Williford has been married twice. He was first married to Miss Eudora C. Gunnells, sister of Charley Gunnells, Bronwood, now deceased, leaving two children: Paula V. and Charley H., both at home attending school. His second marriage was to Miss Eula L. Whaley, who has borne him two children: Eudora Dodic and Mignion. The doctor and his wife are prominent members of the Methodist church.

MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.
THOMAS COUNTY.
P. GLOWER, M. D., the leading physician of Cairo and surrounding country, was born in Gwinnett county, Ga., July 27, 1831. The family came from Holland to this country. One of the brothers settled in Pennsylvania and the other in Tennessee. The last-named, Daniel Glower, grandfather of Dr. Glower, afterward removed to and settled in Gwinnett county. His grandfather, when a boy, served in the revolutionary army. He was a man of strong mind and convictions; was an early and very ardent member of the Methodist church, in which he was an exhorter, and as such was known almost all over North Georgia. The father of Dr. Glower was born, raised and married in Gwinnett county, and died there in 1845. His wife preceded him about a month. He was an enthusiastic Methodist, a steward in the church and a class leader. This couple left four children: John T.; W. P., the subject of this sketch; Mary E., Mrs. David Verner, Buford, Ga.; and Nancy J., Mrs. Clebume Davis, Gwinnett county. At the age of fourteen, Dr. Glower was left an orphan, with an inheritance of about $500. Dr. D. S. Brandon, an uncle living at Thomasville, Ga., sent for him and gave him a home. He was educated at Fletcher institute, and studied medicine under his uncle. He next attended medical lectures; first during the winter of 1853-54, at the College of Physicians- and Surgeons in New York, and second at Pennsylvania Medical college in Philadelphia, graduating in March, 1855. Dr. Glower located at Troupville, Lowndes Co., but shortly afterward he removed to Duncansville, Thomas Co., where he practiced until 1861. Early in that year he enlisted as a private in the Thomasville Guards, Twenty-ninth Georgia infantry. Passing the medical examination, he was appointed surgeon for the regiment. Soon afterward he was appointed to be brigade surgeon, with the rank and insignia of major; his ambitious longings were thus met in less than a year. His was no holiday work, no "dress parade" display, no hospital service. As signed to duty on the field, he was where the fight was fiercest, where the bullets flew and the shells burst fastest and thickest. Dr. Clower rendered four years of skillful, faithful and valuable service in the western army, retiring with the con sciousness of having done full duty, and the respect of his brave, self-sacrificing compatriots. After the war, like many others, he made investments in Florida timber business, which resulted unfavorably. He also practiced his profession in the southern portion of Thomas county, whence in 1877 he removed to Cairo, where he located permanently and has established an extensive and well-paying practice. July 3, 1862, after his promotion to surgeon of brigade, Dr. Clower was married in Thomas county to Louisa V., daughter of Berry Jones of Lowndes county, by whom he had eleven children, six of whom are living: Malcolm D., in south Florida; Eugene; Louisa V.; John T.; Sarah E.; and Susan M. To the frugal and domestic qualities of his excellent wife, who to him has been a helpmeet indeed, Dr. Clower ascribes the cause of his escape from financial ruin consequent upon his Florida venture. Dr. Clower is a democrat and a "sound money" man, and is a master Mason. He is an ardent working member of the Methodist church, of which he is an efficient steward, and he rejoices especially in the fact that his beloved wife and his children are members of the same church.
J UDGE A. H. HANSELL of the superior court, southern circuit, is a familiar figure in, and one of the most prominent personages connected with Georgia
jurisprudence; having been actively engaged in the pursuit of his profession for

THOMAS COUNTY SKETCHES.

895

more than fifty-five years as advocate and judge. During all these years, whether pleading the cause of a client, or sitting in judgment on the pleadings of others, he has proven himself worthy of the highest commendation. Judge Hansell was the son of William Y. and Susan B. (Harris) Hansell, and was born in Milledgeville, Ga., Aug. 26, 1817. His father, William Y., was born near Greenville, S. C, and being left an orphan when two years of age, was raised by Capt William Young of revolutionary fame. At the age of eighteen he came to Milledgeville, where he studied law and practiced for many years. Later in life he removed to Marietta, Ga., whence, retiring from the profession, he went to Oglethorpe, Ga., where he died in 1867. Mrs. Hansell came from a highly connected family, being a sister of Judge Iverson L. Harris, for many years circuit judge and for six years on the supreme bench of the state. She was also a sister of Mrs. T. H. Hall, mother of three very prominent members of the medical profession: Charles H. Hall, Macon, Ga.; Hansell Hall, Milledgeville, Ga., and Hartley Hall, Laurens county, Ga. Mrs. William Y. Hansell died in 1873. Mr. and Mrs. W. Y. Hansell had seven children born to them: Andrew J., for many years a leading lawyer at Marietta, Ga., and state senator from Atlanta district, now deceased; A. H., judge superior court; Cornelia, deceased; Fannie, deceased; Tallulah, Mrs. Pelham, Atlanta; Martha, Mrs. G. W. Fish, deceased mother of Judge G. W. Fish, Americus, Ga.; Susan E., Blacksburg, S. C., widow of W. H. Stockton. Judge Hansell was educated at academies in Milledgeville, in McDonough, Henry Co., and Powelton, Hancock Co. He studied law under his father, and Hines & Harris, Milledgeville, and in May, 1839, was admitted to the bar in Macon, Ga. In November following he located at Hawkinsville, Pulaski Co., where he remained until 1850, when, after a two years' residence at Scottsborough, near Milledgeville, for the health of his family, he located at Thomasville, which has since been his home. The public career of Judge Hansell has been long, con tinuously active, and exceptionally acceptable and honorable. When not yet nineteen years of age he enlisted in a Baldwin county cavalry company for service in the Creek war, in 1836, and by Gen. John W. A. Sanford was appointed his military secretary. In 1838 Gov. G. R. Gilmer appointed him military secretary for the state and in 1839 as auditor of military claims against the state. In 1845 ne was the whig candidate for the legislature in Pulaski county, and although the county was two to one democratic, he was elected and served one term. In 1847 the general assembly elected him to the solicitorship of the same circuit, and to the
judgeship in 1849. As the general assembly was democratic on both occasions by a decided majority, and as Judge Hansell was an ardent, uncompromising whig, his election supplied the strongest possible testimony as to his personal popularity and official integrity and ability. Presiding over the circuit until 1852, Judge Hansell resigned and removed to Thomasville and entered into partnership with James L. Seward, at that time one of the most distinguished men in that part of the state, under the firm name of Seward & Hansell. Mr. Seward was soon after ward elected to congress; but the partnership continued until 1859, when he was appointed judge by Gov. Joseph E. Brown, and held the office until 1868. In January, that year, he had been re-elected for the full term of four years, but reconstruction intervened and he was deposed the following July. Resuming practice he continued it until 1873, when Gov. J. M. Smith appointed him judge of the same judicial circuit, and since he has enjoyed the distinguishing honor of being elected his own successor without opposition on the expiration of each term. He watched events closely, and took great interest in the discussions which preceded secession, and as a delegate to the convention voted in favor of it. His last appearance in a public body was as a delegate to the constitutional convention of 1877. Judge Hansell was married in Milledgeville May 20, 1840, to Mary A.,

896

MEMOIRS OP GEORGIA.

daughter of Dr. Charles J. Paine, a prominent physician, who still lives to bless and cheer him in his declining years. The children of Judge and Mrs. Hansel! are: Susan, Mrs. Rev. B. L. Baker, Monticello, Fla.; Charles P., lawyer, Thomasvffle; Mary, Mrs. J. S. Denham, Monticello, Fla.; Frances, Mrs. James Watt, Thomasville; and Sallie, single, at home. Judge Hansell was made a master
Mason in 1839 and is a Knight Templar, so he may claim to be a life-long Mason. In 1835 ne united himself with the Presbyterian church, of which he has remained a devoted and devout member, and is now and has been an elder of the church in Thomasville ever since its organization. Judge Hansell is now acting under his eleventh commission as judge of the superior court of the southern circuit.

Q HARLES P. HANSELL, lawyer, Thomasville, Ga., is the son of Hon. A. H. Hansell, for nearly half a century judge of the superior court, southern
circuit of Georgia, and was born at Milledgeville, Ga., Sept 14, 1844. He was prepared for the legal profession under the able instruction of his distinguished
father, admitted to the bar in November, 1865, and practiced law for the next ten
years. He then entered upon editorial life as editor of the "Southern Enterprise," Thomasville, Ga., which he conducted with marked success until 1883, since
which time he has given almost his entire time to the practice of his profession. In 1887 the present firm of Hansell & Merrill was formed. The firm are the city's attorneys and enjoy the patronage of a wealthy clientage and an excellent
reputation. "Capt Charlie," as he is familiarly called, is one of the best known men in Georgia, as he has been connected with the legislature in different capaci ties since 1877. In that year he was appointed calendar clerk, and served in that capacity and as journal clerk until 1883, since which time he has been assistant clerk of that body. Capt Hansell was married to his first wife, Margaret, daughter of Judge R. M. Charlton, in Savannah, Ga., Jan. 14, 1869, who bore him one child, Mary H., and died Oct. 5, 1889. On Nov. 4, 1891, Capt Hansell was
married in Atlanta, to Mary E.r daughter of John H. Glover, by whom he has had one child, Sarah G. Capt. Hansell is a member of the A. O. U. W., of the Royal Arcanum, and of the Presbyterian church, of which he is an elder. He is a
member of Confederate Veterans' association of Thomas county, having served as a private in the Twentieth Georgia battalion cavalry from May, 1862, to the
surrender of Johnston's army at Greensboro, N. C.

f* W. HERRING, one of the substantial business men of Thomasville, Ga.,
is the son of Henry and Bathsheba (Garland) Herring, and was born in Lenoir count}', N. C., Sept. u, 1834. His great-grandfather, Matchett Herring,
emigrated from Ireland to this country before the revolutionary war and settled in North Carolina. He was a skilled silversmith and many articles of interest of his manufacture, such as knee-buckles, tea-spoons, etc., are in possession of the
family and cherished as mementoes. About the time Mr. Herring reached man
hood he visited a brother in Florida and was so well pleased with the country that he determined to make his home there. Returning to North Carolina, he
settled up his affairs and migrated to Florida, and bought land on Lake Miccosukee, on which the town of that name was afterward built, he being one of its founders. He conducted a general merchandise store in connection with farming very successfully. In August, 1868, he removed to Thomasville, where, until a
few years ago, he was engaged in general merchandising. Closing that out he entered upon the business of an undertaker and funeral director. So delicately and considerately has he performed these sad duties that he has elicited universal commendation, and his firm is given the direction of nearly all the funerals in the city and surrounding country. Appreciating Mr. Herring's excellent business

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THOMAS COUNTY SKETCHES.

897

ability and irreproachable private life and uprightness of character, his fellowcitizens in 1891 elected him a member of the board of aldermen, and was continued by re-election until January, 1895, when he was elected mayor. Few persons are less self-seeking, none held in higher esteem for all the characteristics of good citizenship. Mr. Herring was married in Early county, Ga., Nov. 16, 1854, to Mattie, daughter of Matthew Ferryman, who was born and raised in Early county. Mr. Ferryman had formerly lived in Henry county, Ala., of which he was a prominent pioneer, and which he had represented in the legislature. Mr. Herring is, of course, a democrat in politics; he is also a valuable member of the Methodist church, and a chapter Mason, a past-master.

D A. M'lNTOSH, M. D., Thomasville, Ga., son of John A. and Mary A. (Irvine) * Mclntosh, was born in Thomas county, Ga., May 28, 1853. Daniel Mcln-
tosh, his grandfather, was one of seven brothers who came from Scotland to this country, he settling first in Charleston, S. C., subsequently removing to
Mclntosh county, Ga. He was possessed of great wealth in land and slaves. Here John A., Dr. Mclntosh's father, was born and reared; but went to Ala bama,, where he remained a few years, then returned to Georgia, and settled in Thomasville, where he married. His mother's family, Irvine, were of English extraction. Nine children were born to Mr. and Mrs. Mclntosh: Duncan (deceased); Daniel W., killed in battle, Atlanta, July 22, 1864; Henrietta M., deceased wife of J. W. Price, Suwanee, Fla.; S. J., dentist, Dallas, Texas; Susanna Jane, single, Luraville, Fla.; Thomas I., merchant, Luraville, Fla.; Margaret, Mrs.
Ashley Peek, Luraville, Fla.; P. A., M. D-, Thomasville, Ga.; and Charles A., merchant, Luraville, Fla. Mrs. Mclntosh died in 1856, and Mr. Mclntosh in 1864. Dr. Mclntosh was educated in the common schools at Boston, Thomas Co., Ga., and under the private tutorship of Rev. Daniel Comfort. He entered the medical department of the university of Georgia, in the fall of 1873, and was there three years, graduating in 1875. Locating in Luraville, Fla., he remained there fifteen years and built up a large and remunerative practice. In 1892 he spent the summer at the New York polyclinic, taking a post-graduate course. Returning to Georgia, he located at Thomasville. where he is achieving a splendid success. Dr. Mclntosh was married in Luraville, Fla., in 1876, to Miss Ella P., daughter of Rev. William Ivey, who, during the war, fled from middle Georgia to Luraville, where Mrs. Mclntosh was born and reared. To them two children were born: Paul F., fourteen years old; and Nellie C, three years old. The doctor is quite wealthy as, in addition to property accumulated in the prac tice of his profession, he has large interests in five phosphate beds in Florida, and is president of the Luraville Phosphate company. He is a democrat in politics, and himself and wife are members of the Presbyterian church.

HON. A. T. MACINTYRE, SR., Thomasville, Ga., is one of the oldest and most distinguished citizens of southern Georgia, and one of the oldest mem
bers of the bar in the state. His continuous practice at one point for fifty-two years is probably without a parallel; and as he is yet hale, hearty and vigorous and
applies himself as assiduously as ever to his cases and his books, he bids fair to add many more years to his already lengthy service. These many years of varied experience, conjoined with a real love of and aptitude for the profession, have made him almost invincible, and have given the law firm of Maclntyre & Son a reputa
tion not surpassed in the state. A. T. Maclntyre, Sr., son of Archibald and Hannah (Lawson) Maclntyre, was born in Twiggs county, Ga., OcL 27, 1822.
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MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.
The attempt of an English king to force the Episcopal faith upon the Scotch people determined many of the Presbyterians to migrate to America, among whom were the ancestors of CoL Maclntyre, who settled in North Carolina. His father, Archibald Maclntyre, the first member of the family to come to Georgia, settled in Jefferson county, where he married in 1805. After the last war with Great Britain, in which he participated, he, having a knowledge of surveying, was appointed to survey a large body of land in southwest Georgia. This was in j 818. Being particularly well pleased with the country in the southeastern part A what is now Thomas count} he noted the numbers, and when it was allotted secured a considerable tract In 1826 he sent hands to get in a crop, and in 1828 removed to it with his family, consisting of himself, wife, and the following named children: Daniel (deceased); Catharine, deceased wife of T. C. Wyche; John L. (deceased): Hannah L., deceased wife of J. S. Wyche; A. T., lawyer; and Jane, Mrs. Adoniram Vann, Boston, Thomas Co., Ga. Col. Maclntyres father died Feb. 10, 1830, and his mother died Oct 9, 1842. Being only six years old when the family settled in Thomas count}-, Col. Maclntyre was reared in the pine woods and educated in Thomasville. He began the study of law with Pope & Harrison, Monticello, Fla.,. and finished under Tracy & Gresham, Macon, Ga. On March 9, 1843, ne was admitted to the bar at Dublin, Laurens county. He immediately settled in Thomasville, where, as already remarked he has con tinuously practiced since a term of nearly fifty-two years. His practice has been large and varied, covering the entire field of litigation, and including a vast number of important cases, involving many hard-fought battles and corre spondingly and conspicuously brilliant legal triumphs. Col. Maclntyre has been hut little in public life, his taste and ambition seeming not to run in that direction. His introduction was when, in 1849, he was elected as a whig from Thomas county to the representative branch of the general assembly, in which there were but few whig members the democratic majority was overwhelming. An incident occurred during the session which illustrated the character of Col. Maclntyre and disgusted him with politics. It was a period when acquisition of territory con sequent upon the Mexican war had provoked intense agitation of the slaver} question, and many leading minds thought it advisable to call a convention. A resolution was introduced declaring that a convention should be called in the event of any one of four contingencies, namely: the admission of California; the abolition of slave trade between the states; the abolition of slavery in the District of Columbia; and the forbidding of slaves to be carried into the territories. No opposition was made to the resolution; but when it came to a final vote each member as called voted for the resolution until Col. Maclntyres name was reached, when he refused to vote, giving as his reason that, while he acquiesced in the last three, he held that the constitution was explicit concerning the admission of a state and that California could not be denied the right. A storm of denun ciation quieted him, but he remained firm. It was finally moved that he be allowed to vote under protest, which he accordingly did the next day, being joined by a number of his whig colleagues and one democrat This one legislative term disgusted him with politics. In the interval between this experience and the adoption of the ordinance of secession, he was a firm adherent to the Union, but when the agitation culminated in actual war he cheerfully fell into line with his state and gave support to his section. In 1865, Col. Maclntyre was selected as one of the delegates to the constitutional convention. He was not in favor of repudiating the war debt, but as a telegram came from President Johnson, giving 310 alternative, he voted to return to the Union. The following day, however, he

THOMAS COUNTY SKETCHES.

899

demanded the right to have spread on the journal his reason for so voting--that of compulsion--which, after determined opposition, was granted. In 1870 the
democrats of the First congressional district in casting about for a candidate hit upon Col. Maclntyre as good material, as his disabilities had been removed by having been a member of the convention of 1865. Although this occurred during the heated and exciting reconstruction period, he was elected and served his con stituents faithfully. He positively declined being a candidate for re-election, pre
ferring to remain in private life. Col. Maclntyre was married in Thomasville, Tune 26, 1845, to America Young, who is but six months his junior and was reared in Thomasville. He still enjoys her congenial and cheering companion ship. To them six children have been born: Hugh J. (deceased); A. T., Jr., lawyer; America (deceased); M. Y., commission merchant, Savannah; W. R., rail
way contractor, Thomasville; and Daniel J., president Thomasville Exchange and Banking company. Col. Maclntyre is a Presbyterian in faith, and a demitted Mason.

JOSEPH HANSELL MERRILL, the youngest son of Joseph S. and Susan
Ann (Hall) Merrill, was born in Thomasville, Ga., Oct. 12, 1862. On his father's side he is descended from the New England Puritans, and on his mother's side from the Halls of Hall, Devonshire, England, 1450; and Col. Thomas Hart ley, a prominent soldier of the revolution, and member of the first American con gress under the constitution, whose daughter married Dr. James Hall of Phila delphia, one of the Hall family above mentioned. His early education was acquired at Fletcher institute, Thomasville; then he attended the university of Georgia (Athens), whence he graduated before reaching his eighteenth year, and with an A. B. degree--having been honored with a speaker's place in both junior and senior years. The first year after graduation he kept books for a cotton buyer, and then for three years taught in the institution where he passed his boyhood school days. During this time he studied medicine two years, but was dissuaded by friends, and entered upon the study of law under the preceptorship of Arthur Patten. In July, 1884, he was admitted to the bar and formed a partnership with his preceptor under the firm name of Patten & Merrill. He continued associated with Mr. Patten until 1887, when that partnership was dissolved and he connected himself with Capt. Chas. P. Hansell, the firm being Hansell & Merrill. The firm is considered one of the best in the city, in fact, one of the best in that section of the state. They are attorneys for the city, and counselors for several important Thomasville interests. Mr. Merrill is conceded to be one of the most conscien tious and clear-headed of the practitioners in that place, and is highly esteemed in other walks of life. He has been president of the Thomasville Real Estate and Improvement company for a number of years, and managed its affairs with con summate skill and sagacity, with great benefit to the city. He is also president of the Thomasville Public Library association, and always evinces a patriotic public spirit by being connected prominently with all enterprises for promoting the prosperity of his city and county. He is a devoted, working member of the Presbyterian church, in the Sunday school of which he is a teacher and takes great interest In politics he is aggressive and outspoken and to him is given a
large share of the credit of crushingly defeating the opponents of democracy in 'the elections of 1892 and 1894. He was married Dec. 30, 1885, to Mattie Pittman, who died in July, 1888. He was married again Nov. 12, 1890, to Blanche Tarwater, his present wife. By his first marriage he had one child, Mattie, born Dec. 25,1886, and by his second marriage two children: Katherine, born May 4,1892,
and Elizabeth, born June 30, 1894.

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MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

J7DWARD F. RICHTER, mayor of Cairo, fourteen miles west of Thomasville on the Savannah, Florida & Western railway, is a planter and merchant of
no little prominence in that enterprising community, and has a life history quite interesting. He was born near Bayreuth, in Upper Franconia, Germany, Nov. 15, 1822, his parents being Charles Frederic and Margaret (Greiner) Richter, who reared three sons and one daughter: Edward F., Cairo, Ga.; John, forestmaster, near Beyreuth, Germany; Joseph, planter, Colquitt county, Ga.; and Margaret, deceased. Ancestors of Mr. Richter's family for generations have held the office of forest-masters under the government The eminent German author, Jean Paul Frederic Richter, to whom King Ludwig of Bavaria erected a monu ment at Bayreuth, was a grand-uncle of the subject of this sketch. Mr. Richter received a liberal education at the gymnasium at Bayreuth, where he imbibed democratic principles, propagated in the schools among the scholars, and which led to the uprising in Germany in 1848, so that when he reached manhood he hated monarchy and resolved to .emigrate to the United States. He contracted for passage from Bremen to Baltimore on the ill-fated ship "Johannes," which was never more heard of after leaving Bremen, but being detained, the vessel sailed without him and he took passage on the "Copernicus," Capt Haeslop, which left port on April 17, 1844, and after a terribly stormy voyage of fifty-
one days arrived at Baltimore. During the passage the "Copernicus" rescued Capt Hall Robson of the brig "Peace," bound to Merimachi in Canada, from an ice-bank on which he and his crew had taken refuge after their vessel had foundered in the ice. He remained in Baltimore one year as bookkeeper for a wholesale house, when he was sent to Wytheville, Va., to take charge of a branch store. When war was declared by the United States against Mexico, an intense desire for an adventure impelled him to enlist in the navy, and he shipped on the "Fotomac," Capt Aulick, at New York. He was present at the bombardment and capture of Vera Cruz, and with the blockading forces. Being taken sick, he was sent to the navy hospital in New York on the line-of-battle ship "Ohio;" after his discharge from the navy he enlisted in the Ninth New York regiment of volunteers, but was transferred to the Tenth, but owing to ill-health kept on recruiting service in New York city under Lieut. Moore. The
war being closed, he was employed as clerk in New York city; but being promised a very lucrative position in Crawford county, Ga., he embarked for Savannah for the new field, but the house had failed when he arrived in Crawford county, and he was disappointed. His education enabled him to meet the emergency, and he taught school at Oakchumpka academy, in Upson county; after this he accepted the charge of the Flint River manufacturing company in Upson county, which position he held until the company shut down on account of repairs
and the high price of cotton. He now concluded to follow the independent occupation of a farmer, and removed to Troup county, but finally settled in Thomas county in 1852, on the west side of the Ochlockonee river. That country at that time was an almost unbroken pine forest, abounding in game. Finally, in 1884, he engaged in merchandizing in Cairo, in connection with his farm.
During the civil war he served as a non-commissioned officer in Campbell's siege artillery, and was stationed the entire time at St. Mark's, Fla. Mr. Richter was married in Crawford county in 1849 to M'ss Amanda F. Christie, an orphan living with her grandfather, the Rev. Dolphin Davis, a Methodist minister, by whom he had two sons, John F. D., a Baptist minister residing near Chipley,
Fla., and Amandus F., a planter near Cairo. The mother of these children died in 1852 in Thomas county. He afterward married Miss Man' Ann Allgood,

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901

lx>rn in Laurens county, Ga., but residing with her sister in Thomas county, who bore him three sons: Edward M., deceased; Augustus F., fanning near Pelham, Ga., and Franklin A., in Cairo, engaged in business as a general
manager. In 1854 Mr. Richter was converted and baptized by Rev. Lacy J. Simmons, into the Missionary Baptist church at Big Creek. After the war, feeling called to the ministry, he was ordained, and for about twenty years he
preached in Thomas, Mitchell and Decatur counties, but becoming afflicted with throat trouble, he was forced to retire from this active work. He was elected clerk of the Bowen association in 1874, and served a number of years until Cairo church withdrew from that association and joined the Mercer asso
ciation. Mr. Richter is a master Mason and was raised by Jackson lodge
No. 48, in Crawford county, Ga., in 1848, and is now secretary of the Cairo lodge. He has always voted the democratic ticket.

CEABORN A. RODDENBERY, M. D., is one of the most important per sonages in the thriving village of Cairo, in the western part of Thomas
county, Ga., being a physician, merchant, planter, and since President Grant's administration, postmaster. George Roddenbery, his grandfather, came from North Carolina to Bulloch county, Ga., many years ago. The doctor's parents, Robert and Vicey (Anderson) Roddenbery, came to Thomas county and settled in the northern part early in the 2O's, where they raised ten children to ma turity, of whom the following are living: Margaret, Mrs. Robert Tuggle, Thomas county; Nancy, Mrs. Nathaniel E. Turner, Thomas county; Georgia Ann, Mrs. W. B. Hamilton, Thomasville; and Seaborn A., physician. The deceased are: Louisa, John K., Mary Ann, Elizabeth Jane and Sarah. Mr. Roddenbery was a planter and quite wealthy; he died in 1879 and Mrs. Roddenbery died in 1886. Seaborn A. Roddenbery was born in Thomas county Feb. 18, 1836. He studied medicine under Dr. Robert Brace, Thomasville, and then attended lectures at Savannah, Ga., paying his own expenses, gradu ating in 1860. Dr. Roddenbery then located near Cairo, but removed to the village in 1872, which has since been his home. July 31, 1862, the doctor was married in Decatur county, Ga., to Martha A. Braswell, whose parents formerly
lived in Thomas county, where she was born and raised. To them were born ten children: Walter B., manager of father's business in Cairo; Bertha, de ceased; Cora L., deceased; Robert S., Eufaula, Ala.; Seaborn A., teacher,
Thomasville, Ga.; John W., deceased; Katie and Charles D., at home; and Mdmyre and Blanche, twins, deceased. Dr. Roddenbery is a progressive citizen and is regarded as an important factor in all movements to promote the development of this section. He is a democrat, a member of the Baptist
church, and a master Mason.

M R. SPENGLER, planter, Boston, Thomas Co., son of Abraham and Rebecca
T. fWyche) Spengler, was born in Thomas county, Sept 5, 1835. His great-grandfather emigrated from Germany to America and settled in York county, Pa., where the family resided when his father, then unmarried, came to
Georgia, about 1810. His father married in Thomas county. Littleton Wyche, his mother's father, was one among the first settlers in this part of the state, before the county was organized, and where for safety and protection from the Indians the families lived in the forts. They had four children: Virginia, de ceased; N. R.; Charlotte, Mrs. Graham, Sabine parish, La.; Elizabeth, Mrs.
Williams, De Soto parish. La. When Capt Spengler's father first came to Georgia lie taught school and then sold goods in Thomasville. Leaving Thomas-

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ville, he went to Tallahassee, Fla., where he continued merchandising until he died of yellow fever in 1841. His mother afterward married a Capt Newman, and died at her daughter's, in De Soto parish, La., in 1867. Thrown upon his own resources when young, he began business when sixteen by clerking for Denham Palmer, Monticello, Fla., and remained with him during 1854-5. The next two years he worked and went to school. In 1861 Capt Spengler enlisted as a private in Company A, Fifty-seventh Georgia infantry, and served twelve months on the coast, when he put in a substitute. He enlisted again "as second sergeant of Company E, Twelfth Georgia regiment, and served during the Atlanta campaign; was in the siege of Atlanta, and was in front of Sherman's
army when "marching through Georgia," and again when that army was in Carolina, finally surrendering near Augusta. In consequence of the loss of superior officers he led his company very much of the time, valiantly winning the title of captain by which he is honorably known. The war over, he returned to the piney woods home he began in 1860, near where Boston now stands, and starting with nothing now owns a 6bo-acre plantation. In 1882 he wa elected from this county a member of the house of representatives and served two years, which, he remarked, ''was enough for me." Capt. Spengler was married Dec. 5, 1858, in Thomas county, to Mary, daughter of James English, of Lowndes county, by whom he has had five children: Joseph T., planter, Thomas county; Dora, Mrs. James Taylor; Rebecca Wyche, Mrs. Rushin; N. L., and Mattie, at home. His married children are all settled near him. Capt Spengler is a home-staying, practical, fore-handed farmer. He is of the too few who believe farming in this country can be made to pay. While he has not become a millionaire (in purse), he has by industry, close attention, prac ticing economy yet avoiding niggardliness, and cultivating intelligently, ac cumulated a fair competency--a real, practical independence the millionaire (so called) never experiences. He has made money ever since the war, not ex cepting the most unfavorable years. He does it by staying at home, working in the field with his hired help, and selling and buying for cash. Capt. Spengler if a democrat and a member of the Baptist church.

TOWNS COUNTY.
JESSE MILES BERRONG, merchant, Hiawassee, Towns Co., Ga., son of Jesse and Susan (Chastain) Berrong, was born in Towns county, March 14,
1860. His paternal grandfather, Henry Napoleon Berrong, whose history par takes largely of the romantic, was born in France toward the close of the last century. In early youth he was placed in a school at Bordeaux, where he was kidnapped and carried on board a merchant vessel and brought to America. On his arrival in port he escaped from his captors, and was subsequently adopted into an American family, and given an excellent education. He devoted the greater part of his after-life to teaching, and was regarded as one of the best educators of the locality and period. He was one of the be^t instructors that ever taught in Towns county, and there are many living, now advanced in years, who remember him and revere his memory. He was married three times, and raised quite a large family of children: was of an extremely'benevolent disposition, and to the

TOWNS COUNTY SKETCHES.
day of his death remembered, and fluently expressed himself in his mother tongue. He was a soldier during the war of 1812, and died some years ago, in Towns county, aged one hundred. Mr. Berrong's father was born in South Carolina, where he grew to manhood. He married Miss Susan, daughter of Benjamin Chastain, formerly of North Carolina, by whom he had fourteen children, of whom ten survive: William J.; Henry N.; John P.; Leander J.; Joseph M.; Sumner J.; (allin Towns county); Nancy A., wife of Elihu Denton, Rabun county; Lydia, wife of Solomon S. Corn, Tahlequah, Ind. Ten; Isaac W., Clay county, N. C, and Jesse M., the subject of this sketch. The father died in Towns county in 1884, and the mother in 1885. Mr. Berrong was raised in Towns county, where he received his primary education, and completed his literary education in 1878 at Tallulah academy. After teaching school several years he engaged in mer chandising at Burton, and also at Clayton, Rabun "Co., which he continued three years. For a year following he engaged in farming near Hayesville, Clay Co., N. C., after which he came back to Hiawassee, where he has been engaged in general merchandising ever since. He is a man of strong and forceful personality, very energetic and persevering, and whatever he undertakes he does with all his might. Add to these characteristics a pleasing address, affability and courteousness, and the product is a man of influence, likely to secure any office or distinction. He is a striking type of a class of young men coming: to the front in Georgia, and the south, who will control the future of the state. He is already a conspicuous figure in the politics of his section, and makes his influence felt. He is an ardent, working democrat, a recognized leader, has frequently represented the county in democratic conventions, and is prominent in the councils of the party in northeast Georgia. As a partial recognition of his merit and services he was appointed in May, 1893, United States commissioner at Hiawassee, an office he has creditably and acceptably filled and retains. Mr. Berrong was happily married March 12, 1885, to Miss Kittie, daughter of William R. McConnell, an old and highly esteemed citizen of the county. To them three children have been born: Fielding Pope, Olive Christine and May Belle. His brothers, William J., Leander J., John P. and Henry N., served through the late war, and Leander was taken prisoner and confined in the military prison at Elmira, N. Y., for a period of two years.
J OHN H. DAVIS, lawyer, Hiawassee, Towns Co., Ga., son of Pinkney and Susan (Gurley) Davis, was born in Union county, Ga., Feb. 9, 1869. His great
grandfather on his father's side was a native of Virginia, and removed to North Carolina, where his grandfather, John Smith Davis, was born. The latter moved to Georgia, and died in Fannin county, Nov. n, 1892. His grandfather on his mother's side, Henry B. Gurley, of English descent, was a native of Habcrsham county, Ga., is yet alive, and lives in Union county. His wife, Rebecca, who died about 1880, was of German extraction, and a cousin of Hon. Joseph E. Brown, lately deceased, ex-governor and ex-United States senator of Georgia. Mr. Davis' father was born in Fannin county, where he grew to manhood, when he was married to Miss Susan Gurley of Union county, by whom he had six children: Rebecca Jane, school teacher; Mary E.; Joseph T.; Benjamin Franklin; John H., the subject of this sketch, and one, who died quite young. Both parents are still living in Union county. Mr. Davis grew to manhood on the farm in Union county, and was educated in the common schools of the county. When in his twentieth year he attended the high school at Mineral Bluff in Fannin county, and completed his literary education at Hiawassee high school in 1892. During this period he alternately taught and attended school; and, having

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decided to adopt the legal profession, began the study of law. In 1892 he entered the office of Hon. John J. Kimsey, Cleveland, White Co., Ga., where he finished his law studies, and at the September term, 1892, of Towns county superior court, Hon. C. J. Wellborn, presiding, \vas admitted to the bar. He at once located in Hiawassee and entered upon the practice of his profession, and has already secured a good general practice throughout the northeastern circuit in which some of the leading attorneys of the state practice. What he has accom plished so far, considering that he has but just crossed the threshold of manhood, under adverse conditions, and by his own unaided exertions, are the proof of natural abilities and strong manly characteristics, which guarantee professional distinction and political preferment. Self-made and self-reliant--one of the people--he will excite admiration, awaken enthusiasm, and command respect, where one attaining the same position through favoring and encouraging advan tages would not; so that it may be regarded as a certainty that he has a bright future before him. In 1893 he was appointed assistant postmaster at Hiawassee by President Cleveland; and the spring of the same year he was appointed county jtdministrator, a position of trust and great responsibility, whose duties he satis factorily performs, and which he still retains. Mr. Davis was married May 28, 1893, to Miss Gallic, daughter of Thomas J. Hooper, a prominent merchant, and now the postmaster at Hiawassee. To them one child, Lennie May, has been born.

A SBURY B. GREEXE, principal Hiawassee high school, Hiawassee, Towns Co., Ga., son of J. C. Greene, was born at Plenitude in Jones county, Ga., Nov.
14, 1867. His paternal grandfather, James T. Greene, deceased, was born in Wilkes county, Ga. His father is a native Georgian, and was born March i, 1831. He entered the Confederate service at the beginning of the late unpleasantness and was taken prisoner at Savannah and confined two years at Point Lookout, Md. He was married in 1856 to Miss Henrietta Hawthorne, a union which was blessed by eleven children: J. T. Greene, Atlanta; Xannie S., wife of A. C. Robey; J. E., Macon, Ga.; B. M. and C. L., Gray, Jones Co., Ga.; Asbury B., the subject of this sketch; Fannie; W. M., Macon, Ga.; and Mamie, Minnie and Julia, at home in Plenitude. Prof. Greene received his early education at Plenitude academy, and grew to manhood in his native county. He then entered Mercer university, Macon. Ga., from which he was graduated with second honor, and the degree of B. A. in 1889. Having determined to adopt the profession of teaching he accepted the principalship of Sumner high school, Sumner, Worth Co., Ga., where he remained a year. He resigned this position to accept a like one in the Jackson county normal school at Marianna, Fla., bearing with him the very highest testimonials from Mercer university and the patrons of Sumner high school. In September, 1891, he was chosen principal of the Stephens high school, Crawfordsville, Ga., and one year afterward was elected principal of the high school at Hiawassee. Here his labors have been crowned with phenomenal success; the institution under his administration has made long strides in reputation and prosperity, and bids fair to take a front rank among the educational institutions of Georgia at no distant day. In the primary and intermediate departments and in the grammar school the usual English branches arc taught, while in the high school proper, rhetoric, the higher mathematics and Greek and Latin are taught. A normal course has been added for the benefit of such as propose to make teaching their profession, and a music department established. In 1894 the total number of enrolled students was 222. showing that Prof. Greene has already established an enviable reputation a> an educator, and that the people of that

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section are taking an increased interest in education. He has a large and magnifi cent field, and it is gratifying to him to know that his versatile talents and scholarly attainments are so substantially appreciated.

ILLIAM J. HAYNES, physician, Young Harris institute, McTyierre, Towns Co., Ga., son of John L. and Rebecca (Brown) Haynes, was born in what is now Towns county, Feb. 14, 1841. His* paternal grandfather, Ephraim Haynes, was a native of Haywood county, N. C, and late in life, migrated to Texas, where he died. Dr. Haynes' father was bora in Haywood county, where he grew to manhood, and by his enterprise, industry and thrift, accumulated a fortune. In 1839 he moved to Georgia and settled on land then in Union, but now included in Towns county. He had a very extensive acquaintance in the border counties of the two states, and being a man of ability and great force of character, attained to and wielded a wide and strong influence. He was married three times. By his first wife, Rebecca Brown, he had the following-named children: Henry H.; Rachel L.; William J., the subject of this sketch; Nancy L.; James L.; Sunnier R., and Augustus L. She died in 1857, and he married Amanda Scott of Cherokee county, N. C., by whom he had one child, a daughter. This wife died in 1872, and he subsequently married Mrs. Miriam Moore of Clay county, N. C., by whom, also, he had one daughter. He died in Towns county, July 25, 1893, aged seventy-nine years. Dr. Haynes was raised and educated in Union and Towns counties. At the beginning of hostilities during the late unpleasantness he enlisted in the Georgia state troops, and was in active service on the coast, principally at and around Savannah. In 1863 he enlisted in Thomas' legion, and in the latter part of that year was honorably discharged at Greenville, Tcnn. He then began the study of medicine under the preceptorship of Dr. J. G. Stephens, with whom he was afterward associated in the practice for eight years. He has ever since been engaged in the general practice, though he has made a special study of obstetrics and fevers. He has achieved a high reputation and established a large practice, not only in Towns, but in adjoining counties. Faith ful and skillful, conscientious, and a man of the highest sense of honor, he 'has the implicit confidence of the people. As a physician and a citizen he is held in the highest esteem. Dr. Haynes was married in July, 1867, to Miss Sarah M., daughter of Tilman H. and Mary E. Bryson of Towns county, by whom he has had seven children: Mary R., Sarah L., Henry H., Lena E., William J., Bculah E.
and Edna I. He is a master Mason.

P EORGE W. JOHNSON, farmer, Hiawassee, Towns Co., Ga., son of John B. and Lowis (Grigg) Johnson, was born in Macon county, N. C., April 17,
1841. His paternal grandfather, Robert Johnson, was a native of North Caro lina, came to Georgia, and settled in Lumpkin county, where he engaged in mining and died some years before the late civil war. Mr. Johnson's father was born in Burke county, N. C., about 1815. He was raised in that county, and later moved to Macon county, where he lived some years; then in 1853 came to Georgia, and is now living in Union county. His wife was a daughter of Woody Grigg of Burke county, N. C., and died in Union county, July u, 1894, aged eighty-four years. To them eleven children were born: James H.; Martha C.; Asaph W.; George W., the subject of this sketch; John O.; William M.; Robert G.; Alfred B., and three who died in infancy. Mr. Johnson lived in the county of his birth until 1853, when he came with the family to Union (now Towns) county, where he was principally reared, and educated in the common schools of the county. Since attaining to manhood he has been mostly engaged in agri cultural pursuits with satisfactory success. In 1861 he was commissioned first

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MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

lieutenant of a militia company in his county, and in the spring of 1862 he enlisted in Company A, Smith's legion, which afterward became the Sixth Georgia regi ment, Col. Sumner J. Smith. The July following, his health being impaired, he came home on leave of absence, and saw no more service in the Confederate army. The next August he accepted from Gov. Andrew Johnson of Tennessee a commission as first lieutenant in the Second regiment, Tennessee cavalry, United States of America, and saw very active service throughout the war. With his regiment he participated in the battles of Stone River, Chickamauga and Nash ville, and in innumerable fights and skirmishes which preceded the most import ant battles, rendering efficient and valuable service to the Union army. After the war he returned to his farm. Being a man of ability and activity, and possess ing great force and independence of character, he gained great influence in the count}-. In 1868 he was elected to represent Towns county in the general assem bly, in which he served on the committee on military affairs, and auditing com mittee, and supported with his utmost energy and ability the legislation in aid
of the Georgia Air Line railway, and represented his county with conspicuous efficiency and faithfulness. He was a member of the county board of education fifteen years, and served many years as one of the jury commissioners. He has also filled several Federal offices--particularly that of United States commissioner in the internal revenue service under President Harrison--with conspicuously good judgment and fidelity. Mr. Johnson was married July 6, 1861, to Miss Frances A., daughter of John and Alvira Johnson of Towns county, by whom he has had fourteen children: Thomas S., Mary L., John M., Ada M., Lillie L., Wil liam M., James O., Alfred E., Edwin A., and Bessie B. (twins), all living; and George B., died in 1863; Ida V., died in 1874; Henry H., died in 1893; an<* one died in infancy.
C YLVESTER M. LEDFORD, lawyer, Hiawassee, Towns Co., Ga., son of Jason W. and Mary (Holden) Ledford, was born in Clay county, N. C, July 30, 1864.
His paternal grandfather, Jason Ledford, was a native of North Carolina, and married Elizabeth Bradley, by whom he had eleven children, all of whom are now living: Alfred, Rabun county; E. Me., Eli, Daniel, all of Clay county, N. C.; Joseph, Union county, Ga.; Jason W., Towns county; Mary, wife of Jason Led ford; Nancy, wife of Thomas Henson; Lery, wife of Cicero Ledford, all of Clay county, N. C.; Sallie, wife of Miles Fulbright; Matilda, wife of David Crumley, both of Tennessee. He died in Clay county, N. C, in 1885, where his widow is still living. Mr. Ledford's father was born in Macon county, N. C., about 1833, and married Mary Holden, who was born in Towns county. Eight children were born to them, of whom five survive: Sylvester M., the subject of this sketch; Ida A., wife of George W. Bradley, Towns county; Ellen, wife of L. L. Berrong, Towns county; Lillie, wife of E. H. Kinney of New Mexico, married Feb. 3, 1895, in Hiawassee; and James E., unmarried. He entered the Confederate service at the beginning of hostilities and remained until the surrender. He returned to his farm after the war and now lives in Hiawassee, Towns county. His wife died in Clay count}', N. C., Aug. 12, 1876. Mr. Ledford's maternal grandfather, James Holden, of direct Irish descent, was born in North Carolina and lived in Clay count}-. He married Nancy Motes, and of the children born to them four sur vive: Richard; WilKam; Sallie. wife of Riley Jones, all of Clay county, N. C., and Jackson, De Kalb county, Ala. The parentage on both sides are purely of Irish. Dutch and English descent. Mr. Ledford grew to manhood in Clay county, receiving his early education in the common schools, then attended Hayesville college, same county, and completed his literary course in 1891 at the Hiawassee school. During this period, lie alternated between attending and teach-

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007

ing school, thus earning the means to pay his educational and other expenses preparatory to entering the legal profession--which he had determined upon. Under the preceptorship of Hon. John J. Kimsey, Cleveland, White Co., Ga., he studied law, and in November, 1892, was admitted to the bar in Blairsville, Union county superior court, Judge C. J. Wellborn presiding. He soon afterward located in Hiawassee and has already secured an extensive and valuable clientage in the northeastern circuit. He is a good lawyer and safe counselor, and is increasing in reputation and patronage, with flattering prospects of a splendid success professionally and politically He stands well with the people of the county, and his professional brethren. For two years he has been clerk of the superior court--an office he still holds--having entire charge of the affairs of the office. He is a devout and prominent member of the Baptist church. James E. Ledford, brother of Sylvester M., was born in Clay county, Nov. 5, 1866. After receiving a primary education at the common schools of his native county, he attended the Hiawassee school, where, in addition to the usual English branches, he took a course in Latin and Greek. He is now successfully engaged in teach ing; and being ambitious, studious and persevering, and possessing unques tioned talent, he is making rapid strides toward a front position as an educator.

WILLIAM R. M'CONNELL, retired merchant, Hiawassee, Towns Co., Ga., son of John and Mary (Kimsey) McConnell, was born in Macon county, N.
C., in 1825. His paternal grandfather, William McConnell, was a native of South Carolina, and the youngest of four sons of a soldier in the patriot army during the revolutionary war--the other three being David, Miles and John; the last named also being a soldier in the army. During the war his grandfather--then a mere boy--and his mother were driven by the tones into North Carolina and across the Tar river, and the family settled in Iredell county. When his granduncle, John, returned from the war to his home in South Carolina, he killed the tory captain who had driven his mother and brother from their homes. He sub sequently migrated from North Carolina to Georgia, and settled near Gainesville, Hall Co., where he reared a family. Of his sons, one, Eli, was for many years principal keeper of the penitentiary, and another, John, became the pro prietor of extensive milling interests in pioneer days, in what was then known as Cherokee Georgia. After the revolutionary war Mr. McConnell's grandfather moved to Macon county, N. C., where his father was born and reared. When grown he went to Cherokee county, N. C. (adjoining Macon, then on the west), of which he was a pioneer settler. He married Mary Kimsey of Tennessee, and reared the following named children: William R., the subject of this sketch; Elijah E.; Thomas Newton; Charles B.; Irene; James H., who served as a cap^ tain during the late civil war, and died from the effects of wounds received; Joseph J.; John; and Elisha, the last named also a Confederate soldier who died while a prisoner at Chicago, 111. He was a man of great energy, and enterprise, and for many years lived in the North Carolina counties of what was then Cherokee and Macon counties, which bordered on what are now Fannin, Union, Towns and Rabun counties in Georgia, in all of which he was well known as a successful farmer, trader and stock-raiser. He died in Macon county, N. C., in 1867, and his widow about 1869, both quite aged. Mr. McConnell was raised on the farm, and educated in Macon county, N. C., and on reaching his majority came to Union (now Towns) county, Ga., and taught school a year, and then kept store near the present site of Hiawassee the next two years. He then went to Cherokee county, N. C., where he engaged in merchandising until 1856, when he came to Hiawassee, the county site of the then new county of Towns, which since then has been his home. He at once engaged in general merchandising, to which he added a hotel

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MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

business, and conducted them for thirty years. Few, if any, citizens are more widely or more favorably known all over north Georgia and western North Carolina than William R. McConnelL Before the war between the states was pre cipitated, he was a pronounced Union man; but after the ordinance of secession was passed he followed Mr. Stephens and supported the Confederate cause, a step \vhich nearly ruined him--his home, buildings, and other property having been destroyed by incendiarism. In 1864 he was commissioned to raise a company for the Confederate sen-ice, of which he was made captain; and shortly after ward was appointed regimental quartermaster of Col Ledford's regiment, Gen. Wofford's brigade, retaining the office until the surrender. Returning to his home he resumed merchandising, which he followed until 1890, and accumulated a large estate--particularly in lands. As far back as 1853 his attention was directed to mining, and the mineral resources of his section. He studied mineralogy, and practically acquainted himself with the country, and invested all the money he could spare from his general business in mineral lands: thereby becoming the possessor of large tracts containing deposits of mica, asbestos, copper and iron pyrites, sulphates of iron and corundum and gold. He is now engaged more especially in developing and disposing of a large portion of- his large and valuable mineral properties. He has always taken an active and prominent part in all enterprises calculated to advance the development and permanent advancement of the town and county materially, educationally and religiously. It was due to his push and energy, and largely to his very liberal contributions that Hiawassee high school was established, and has become so flourishing an institution. Few men have exhibited a more enlightened judgment and liberality along these lines than he. In 1872 he was elected county school commissioner, and was consec utively re-elected twenty years--until age and ill health compelled him, in 1892, to positively decline longer incumbency. He was by far the most active, unsel fish and popular official the county ever had, and declined preferred compensa tion. He has been an ardent politician, and has frequently represented the county in democratic conventions, always taking a prominent and leading part in their deliberations and campaigns. Mr. McConnell was married in 1848 to Miss Jane C, daughter of Benjamin C. Jameson, of Tennessee, a niece of Col. J. Y. Jameson, for many years, and at the time of his death, a distinguished member of the general assembly of Georgia. To them eight children have been born: Lucius D. (deceased). Feb. 16, 1868; John C., merchant, Gainesville; Aletha, wife of Thomas A. Capps, Toecoa, Ga.; E. Rose, wife of Dr. I. A. Kitron, Clarkesville, Ga.: Fernando C., born in 1856, D. D., now of Lynchburg, Va., and one of the most distinguished divines in the south. He studied theology at the Baptist 'Theological seminary, Louisville. Ky., and afterward graduated at Mercer uni versity, Macon, Ga. He is a ripe scholar, and is richly endowed by nature intel lectually and physically, and is widely known throughout the south; Amelia I., wife of O. C. Wyly, merchant. Hiawassee; Kittie L. J., wife of J. Miles Berrong, United States commissioner. Hiawassee; and Samuel, merchant, Gainesville, Ga.
JESSE M. RICE, teacher, Hiawassee, Towns Co., Ga., son of Jesse and Mary L. (Deaver) Rice, was born in Cherokee county, N. C., in 1864. His paternal
grandparents, Isaac and Melinda (Rice) Rice, were natives of Washington county, Tenn-, where they were raised and married, and whence they moved to Cherokee county, X. C., about 1831. They had nine children: Jesse; Spencer (deceased); Joseph (deceased;; Alfred; Isaac; Samantha, married William Phillips; Sallie, married Jesse Tilson; Cordelia, married J. C. Jenkins; Emeline, married R. A. Kline--all living in Cherokee county. N. C. .His maternal grandparents, Rev. Reuben and Lydia (Thomas) Deaver. were natives of Buncombe county, N. C.,

TOWNS COUNTY SKETCHES.
and raised eleven children: Shepherd, Ephraim, John, William, Miles, Varianna, Mary L., Alley, Samantha, Nancy and Susan. Of these Shepherd, Ephraim and William were soldiers in the Union army; Ephraim serving to the close of the war, was wounded, but with his brother Shepherd still lives in Cherokee county. Wil liam died since the war. Mr. Rice's father was born in Washington county, Tenn., and married Mary L. Deaver, born in Buncombe county, N. C., by whom he had two children: William H., now in Missouri; and Jesse M., the subject of this sketch. He died in 1864; but his widow is still living. Mr. Rice was raised and received his early education in the common schools in the county of his birth; and on attaining to manhood engaged in farming. Inspired by a desire for learning, and acquiring a taste for literature, he determined on securing a better education, and preparing himself for the vocation of a teacher. He accordingly left the farm, came to Hiawassee and entered the high school, where he finished his studies in the English branches and mastered Latin and Greek. He is now engaged in teaching in Towns county with unusual success, bidding fair to take high rank among educators. With natural gifts of a high order, he is assiduously cultivating them; add to these a rare intelligence, courteous bearing and pleasing address, and a happy faculty for imparting instruction, and we have conditions that insure success. Mr. Rice was married in 1886 to Miss Emily Deaver, daugh ter of T. S. Deaver, of Cherokee county, X. C. WILLIAM S. SNYDER, farmer, Hiawassee, Towns Co., Ga., son of George
L. and Margaret E. (Haynes) Snyder, was born near Waynesville, Haywood Co., N. C., June 30, 1847. H*s great-grandfather, Adam Snyder, was born in Pennsylvania about the middle of the last century, was a soldier in the patriot army during the revolutionary war; and after the war migrated to North Caro lina, where he settled in Haywood county among the Indians, and raised a fam ily. He died at a very advanced age about 1857. His grandfather, John Sny der, was born about the close of the last century in Haywood county, N. C, where he lived all his life. He married Catharine Smothers, who was born in the same county, by whom he had eleven children: George L.; Nelson; Leander; Daniel; Taylor; Betsey, wife of William Davis; Pollie, wife of Jacob Shuke; Bar bara, deceased wife of Joseph Sorrells; Margaret, wife of Wilson Allman; Ellen (deceased); and Catharine. He died in 1868; but his widow, aged ninety-two, is still living in the county of her birth. Mr. Snyder's father was born in Haywood county, N. C., in 1828, where he married Margaret E., daughter of Rev. William Haynes, and by whom he had fourteen children: William S., the subject of this sketch; James L.; John L.; Humphrey R.; Mary Elizabeth, wife of William Hanson; Thomas N., and Charles Burton, who died in infancy; Robert G.; Sarah Jane, wife of William J. Fisher; George W.; Kizar E., wife of Elbert Ensley; Ulysses G.; Doctor S., and Henry, all of whom live in Macon and Jackson counties, N. C. He was a successful farmer and stock-raiser in Jackson county, where he died in 1882, and where his widow now lives. Mr. Snyder lived in Haywood county, N. C., until 1855, when his parents moved to Jackson county, same state, where his father spent the remainder of his life excepting two years, 1864-5, when he refugeed to Knoxville, Tenn. The family is of good old revolutionary and Union-loving stock; self-reliant, and self-sustaining; and here, where his family had cleared and settled farms when the Indians roamed the forests, and lived and prospered for gent-rations, Mr. Snyder grew to manhood, and mar ried, and had children born to him. Indulging the laudable ambition to give his children the best educational advantages at his command, he removed to Hia wassee in 1892 that they might have the benefit of its most excellent school and instructors, thus manifesting his high appreciation of a liberal education, and of

910

MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

the facilities for bestowing it afforded by the institution located here. He is one of the most widely, as well as one of the most favorably known citizens in the border counties of Georgia, North Carolina and Tennessee. Mr. Snyder was married in 1867 to Miss Margaret J. Bryson, who has borne him nine children: George H., Clay county, X. C; Robert L., and William L,, Knoxville, Tenn.; Oclius Erastus; Xorah Florence; Claude M.; John L. W.; Arthur H.; Walter Evart, with "the old folks at home.~

1

U OWELL C. STANDRIDGE, ex-teacher and farmer, Hiawassee, Towns Co.,

I

Ga., son of Henry B. and Satirah (Kimsey) Standridge, was born in what is

j

now White count}-, Ga., in 1851. His paternal grandfather, Samuel Standridge,

!

was a native of South Carolina, and was born about 1774. After his marriage



he came to Georgia and settled in what is now White county--a pioneer--where

1

he died in 1876. Mr. Standridge's father was born in Habersham county in

;

1830, where he was retired a farmer, and where he married his wife--a daughter

of the Rev. Thomas Kimsey--by whom he had four children: Howell C., the sub

ject of this sketch; Junius H.; Martha C, wife of Samuel Brown, White county;

and Mary A., wife of A. Stringer. He enlisted as a private in the Forty-third

Georgia regiment, assigned to the western army, and was present at Vicksburg,

v. here he died at the close of the siege. His widow died in Douglas county, Ga.,

i

in 1892. Mr. Standridge received his primary education in the common schools

j

of the county, and completed his literary studies at the North Georgia Agricul-

i

taral college at Dahlonega, Ga. After leaving college, he taught school twenty

!

years with great success and profit, establishing an enviable reputation as an

i

educator. In the meantime he read law, and about 1880 was admitted to the bar

|

at Cobb county superior court In 1885 he was appointed postmaster at Hia-

I

v.-assee, and served until 1889, discharging the duties of the office with fidelity

>

and acceptability. He is a gentleman of culture, of extensive reading and infor-

;

mation, and varied literary attainments. For the past three years his secular pur-

:

suit has been agriculture, in which he takes a special pride and interest Mr.

Standridge was married in 1878 to Miss Mattie, daughter of Rev. Elisha Hedden,

1

an old settler of Hiawassee, and a Baptist minister for sixty-two years. Of the

children born to them five are living: Agnes. Branson, Gordon, Mamie, and

Pink. Mr. Standridge has been a consistent and active member of the Baptist

church for eighteen years; and in 1888 was regularly ordained as a minister, and

in which capacity he has devotedly and usefully served the church since.

TROUP COUNTY.
L

11

A D. ABRAHAM, banker, La Grange, Troup Co., Ga., son of A. D. Abraham,

!

* was a native of Virginia. His father was also a native of Virginia and fol-

|

lowed farming all his life. Mr. Abraham was reared and educated in Virginia,

|

and came to Georgia and settled in Meriwether county in 1855, where he engaged

f

in farming. In 1861 he enlisted as a private in Company F, Forty-first Georgia

;i

regiment He was elected captain of the company, but after serving a short time

;[

he was appointed inspector of field transportation for Hood's corps; a position he

i>

held and whose arduous duties he acceptably discharged until the surrender. He

TROUP COUNTY SKETCHES.
was a participant in the first battle of Manassas, and afterward, though not in the ranks, was in many hard-fought battles, and shared in the hardships and priva tions of soldier life. He was in the siege of Vicksburg forty-eight days; and was in the battles of Franklin, Perryville and Chickamauga, and on duty with Hood's command all the way to Atlanta, and during the siege of that city, then went with him to Nashville; and, finally, to North Carolina, where, when hostilities ceased, he was paroled. Only a short time ago he had in his possession the first order issued by Gen. Stephenson for the fattest mules to be killed for commissary pur poses. The war over he returned home and resumed his farming operations. In 1871 the La Grange Trust and Banking company was organized with H. S. Wimbish as president, and Mr. Abraham as vice-president He sustained this relation to the bank until 1874, when Mr. Wimbish died, and Mr. Abraham was elected president; which position he held until 1892, when, on account of ill-health, he resigned--after eighteen years' service. He is a thorough business man; a man of the highest sene of honor; financially strong and an able financier; and no per son in Troup county is more highly esteemed as a citizen than he. Mr. Abraham was married Dec. 5,1855, to Miss Mary A., daughter of Robert M. and Sarah (Col lier) Porram, formerly of Virginia, and among the pioneer settlers of Meriwether county. To them six children have been born: Carrie, Robert P., Nannie H., Mary L., Lillian, and Florence. Mrs. Abraham is an exemplary and useful member of the Methodist church. Mr. Abraham has a delightful home not far from the public square; his beautiful mansion being built on a natural elevation, the land gently declining on all sides, giving perfect drainage--the building itself of attractive architecture, and finished and furnished interiorly with all modern conveniences--surrounded with shrubbery and even- variety of flowers. Mr. Abraham is a gentleman of very great affability of character, with a cordial hand' shake and pleasant greeting for all--so much so, that the school children covet his courteous recognition of their salute.
f~l V. BODDIE, farmer, Mountville, Troup county, Ga., son of Xathan V. and Elizabeth W. (Battle) Boddie, was born in Warren county, Ga., in 1828.
His paternal grandparent, Bennett Boddie, was a native of North Carolina, and lived and died in his native state. He wss a soldier in the patriot army during the revolutionary war. Mr. Boddie's father was born near Raleigh, N. C, on a farm which had passed from father to son for generations. He came to Georgia in 1819, and settled in Warren county, where he remained until 1828, when he moved to Troup county. The country was sparsely settled, and main roads far apart, so that before he could get to his proposed home he had to cut a road to it through the woods. A rude double log cabin was the home of his family for years. His maternal grandfather, William Battle, was a native of North Carolina, and was a soldier in the revolutionary war. Mr. Boddie was raised on the farm, and after attending school when a boy in the old log school house, he was sent to a boarding school. He then engaged in farming. When the civil war began he sent a substitute to the army, but subsequently, in 1863, he enlisted in a state cavalry company and served eighteen months. The war over he returned to his farm. He settled on the farm where he now lives in 1858, has taken great pride in it, -ind made it one of the very best improved farms in that part of the state. He is one of the progressive farmers, and one of the most substantial and reliable citizens in Troup county, and, when occasion calls for it, exercises a great and salutary influence. Mr. Boddie was married in 1860 to Miss Rebecca A., daughter of Henry F. and Rebecca (Moss) Scott. Her parents were natives of Virginia, and soon after their marriage came to Georgia. Mr. Scott was a soldier in the Creek Indian war of 1836. Mr. l>odclie is a royal arch Mason; connected himself with

MEMOIRS OP GEORGIA.

i

the fraternity in 1850, is a quite prominent and useful member, and has served in

'<

many offices. Himself and wife are valued and Influential members of the

;

Methodist church.

(

U D. BRAZELL, fanner, Hogarisville, Troup Co., Ga., son of Henry D. and

?

' Susan (Heath) Brazell, was born Feb. 16, 1845. His grandfather, Nathan

!

Brazell, was born in Virginia, came to Georgia about the close of the last century,

!

and settled in Wilkes county, among its earliest settlers. Mr. Brazell's father was born in Wilkes count}' in 1822; and his mother was a daughter of James Heath.

{

Mr. Brazell was raised in Meriwether county and received a limited education.

|

In 1863 he enlisted in Company D, CapL J. D. McClusta, Sixty-fourth Georgia

\

regiment, Col. Evans, and entered the service under Gen. Flanagan. He partici-

{

pated in the battle of Ocean Pond, also on Appomattox river, Va., when the

t

Union troops blew up the breastworks at Petersburg, and at Drury's Bluff, or

'

Chafen's farm, where he was captured, kept a prisoner seven months and then

I

released on parole, when he came home to Meriwether county, soon after which

hostilities ceased. When that occurred he was without money and went to work

i

on a farm, working at first, for some time, for half a gallon of molasses a day.

When he came to Troup county in 1869 he v;as a poor man; but he went to

t

work in earnest, worked early and late, and hard, and now has a good 5lo-acre

farm with a good home on it, with substantial farm improvements, and a large

body of land under good cultivation. He is a good farmer and a model citizen;

himself and family highly respected. Mr. Brazell was married in 1867 to Miss



Eliza C. Humpkins, born in Meriwether county, who bore him two children:

}

James W., and Leonard B., and died an exemplary member of the Methcdist

5

church in 1872. In December, 1863, he contracted a second marriage with Miss

j

Permelia F. Culpepper. bom of an old Georgia family, in Meriwether county,

j

by whom he has had three children, two of whom, Susan P. and Hugh, are living.

i

Himself and wife are influential members of the Methodist church.

OHARLES S. BROOK, farmer, Hogansville, Troup Co., Ga., son of Joshua and Sarah (McGlochlin) Brook, was born in Meriwether county, April 9, 1842.
His grandfather, Jarvey Brook, was one of the early settlers of Wilkes county,
Ga., and served as a soldier in the last war with Great Britain. Mr. Brook's father was born in Wilkes county in 1809, where he was reared a farmer, and was
schooled at the "old-field" school of the day. When he attained manhood lie went to Meriwether count}-, of which he was a pioneer settler. His maternal grandfather was Mack McGlochlin. Mr. Brook was raised on a farm, and was educated at the common schools, taught in the dirt-floor log house with puncheon
seats, etc. In 1862 he enlisted in Company A, Capt. Du Bose, Sixtieth Georgia regiment The company was captured soon after entering the service, and paroled, when Mr. Brook came home and made a crop, after which he returned (the same year), and joined a company under Capt. John Tucker, in a regiment commanded by Col. Burns Jones, which was assigned to the command of Gen. J. B. Gordon. With this command he was in some of the bloodiest and most im portant battles of the war, Gettysburg, Wilderness and Hatcher's Run, where he was wounded in the hand, and in a muscle of the right arm, which was struck by a shell. He was sent to the hospital at Richmond, and three weeks afterward was sent to Lynchburg. where he was at the time of the surrender. From Lynchburg he walked home, beginning life anew, with nothing but poor health
and a determined spirit. By hard work and good management he has become the owner of a fine 275-acre farm just west of Hogansville, well-improved, and himself comfortably circumstanced; enjoying the good-will and respect of every-

TROUP COUNTY SKETCHES.

913

body. Mr. Brook was married in 1870 to Miss Fannie S. Griggs, born and raised in Troup county, daughter of Edward and Amanda (Jenkins) Griggs. He
was a soldier in the late civil war, and lost his life in the service. To them eight
children have been born: Ada; Eddie, died aged seventeen; Buena; Dora; Jesse; Roy; Charles S., and Cecil H. Mr. Brook and his wife are members of the Baptist church.

JAMES M. BUTTRILL, farmer, Hogansville, Troup Co., Ga.: son of Thomas
and Lurania (Bonner) Buttrill, was born in Heard county, Ga., in 1831. His paternal great-grandfather, Thomas Buttrill, was a native of England, who came to
America and settled in Virginia before the revolutionary war. His grandparents, William and Mary (Williams) Buttrill, were natives of Virginia--his grandfather was a soldier in the patriot army during the revolutionary war--came to Georgia about 1816, and settled in the woods in Jasper county, where he cleared a farm and raised his family. He also built a store-house of logs and engaged in mer
chandising. Mr. ButtrilTs father was born in Virginia in 1796, and came with his
parents to Georgia when he was about twenty years old. His maternal great grandfather, Bonner, was a native of Ireland, who came to this country and
settled in Georgia before the revolutionary war. His maternal grandparents. Whitnall and Alice (Sellman) Bonner, were citizens of Jasper county, where his
mother was born July 4, 1807. Mr. Buttrill was reared in Heard 'county, and what schooling he had was obtained in the primitive dirt-floor log school house, with split-log seats, stick-and-mud chimney, and lighted by square holes made bv
sawing the logs in the sides. After graduating from one of these "old-field" schools he taught school two years; teaching orthography from the old "blueback" speller. In 1861 he enlisted in FerrelFs battery of artillery, with which he participated in many battles, and saw much arduous sen-ice. He was in the
battle at Nashville, was then assigned to Gen. Breckinridge's command; after ward was transferred to north Alabama with cavalry. With his command he was in the engagements at Tuscumbia, Courtlaml, Town Creek--where they fought from early morn until 2 p. m.--and then pursued and captured Gen. Strait. Re turning to Alabama his command was in the fights at Decattir and Selma, and many minor engagements. He was in charge of the warehouse at Selma when the Union forces came in, and narrowly escaped capture. Soon afterward his com mand was disbanded at West Point, Ga. After the war he returned to Heard county and resumed farming, which he has followed so successfully as to have accumulated a large and very valuable property. He owns 2,000 acres of good well-improved land in Heard county, from which he moved to Hogansville.
Troup Co., in 1893, where he owns considerable real estate in the town, and is a stockholder in the Farmers' and Merchants' bank, located there. He is one of the land-marks, and one of the real solid and substantial citizens of the county. Mr. Buttrill was married in 1878 to Miss Alice Schley--born and raised in Alabama--who has borne him four children, of whom only two--Tommie and Lillie--survive. Mrs. Duttrill is a prominent member of the Baptist church.

I N. CARLETON, ex-educator, now developer, Mountville. Troup Co., Ga., * son of Dudley and Sarah (Carter) Carleton, was born in Vermont in 1829.
His great-grandfather on his father's side, Dudley Carleton, was a native of England, migrated to America early in the last century, and settled in Massa
chusetts. His grandfather, Dudley Carleton, was born in Massachusetts, where he married Miss Mehitabel Baiker, and then moved to Vermont, before the revolutionary war, and settled in the woods. He was a captain in the patriot
H-68

914

MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

. army, served under Ethan Alien, and continued through the conflict until

independence was proclaimed, and lived to be ninety years of age. Mr. Carle-

ton's parents were both born in Vermont, where they lived all their lives; his

father was a soklier in the war of 1812 with Great Britain.- His grandparents

on his mother's side, William and Polly A. (Woodman) Carter, were also natives

of Vermont, their parents having been pioneer settlers. Both his grandfathers

were deacons of the Congregational church. Mr. Carleton received an excellent

primary and preparatory education at his Vermont home, and then, in 1853,

entered Wesleyan college, in Connecticut After attending a part of two courses

there he came south, stopped awhile, first in Tennessee, and then went to North

Carolina, where he lived two years and then, in 1855, he came to Georgia. He

\vas an expert in telegraphy, and was in the office in Augusta when connection

with Atlanta was completed, and transmitted the first telegram from Augusta to

Atlanta. In 1856 he settled in Mountville and embarked in the manufacture of

carriages, buggies, etc.; and about the time he was getting successfully estab

lished the unpleasantness developed into war, causing him heavy loss. He at

once set about preparing to enter the service, but the people learning he had been

a successful teacher, circulated a petition asking him to remain in the community

and take charge of the school. He taught some time and then joined the state

troops, known as "Joe Brown's Pets," with which he served about eighteen

months, participating in the defense of Atlanta and was at West Point, Ga., just

after the last battle. At the close of the war he taught school a few months, and

again in 1874-75. I" tne meantime he engaged in several enterprises which

helped to develop and utilize the resources of the locality. He established a steam

saw-mill and ginnery, operating the first steam-driven gin in that section; engaged

in building houses, and along with all this he conducted a small farm--just to

employ his leisure time. He served as justice of the peace at Mountville twenty-

five years, and in 1888 was elected to represent Trpup county in the general

assembly. He is unquestionably versatile in business qualifications, and a

promoter of enterprises and developments, and is recognized as one of the most

useful citizens of Troup county. Mr. Carleton was married Dec. 31, 1857, to Miss

Angelette Evans--born in Meriwether county--daughter of Thomas and Martha

(Harmon) Evans. Her grandparents, Thomas and Martha (Brooks) Evans, were

|

born of Welsh parentage in North Carolina, where they lived and died. Her

t

grandfather was a soldier in the patriot army during the revolutionary war. Her

,f

parents were born in North Carolina, came to Georgia in ox-carts in 1828, and

stopped in Pike county and made a crop. In 1829 he moved to Troup county,

his wife, who is yet living, walking most of the distance, and settled about a mile

from Mountville, where they built little log cabins. He helped to blaze out the

road between Greeneville and La Grange. One child only--Olin, a son--has been

born to this marriage. Mr. Carleton was made a master Mason in 1856, and

himself and wife are active and exemplary members of the Methodist church,

south.

U H. GARY, retired physician, state fish commissionei, La Grange, Troup
Co., Ga., son of Dennis and Elizabeth (Cady) Gary, was born in Vermont in 1820. His father was a farmer, and both parents were natives of Vermont.
Dr. Gary was raised on the farm, and educated in the common schools of the rural districts. He entered and graduated from Norwich university in 1843 with
the degree of A. B. He then took another course and three years later graduated with the degree of A. M. This institution was at this time under the presidency of Capt A. Partridge, who was the first superintendent of the West Point Military academy. After his graduation Dr. Carv was elected principal of the Norwich

II. II. CARV.

TROUP COUNTY SKETCHES.

915

institute, a school of very high reputation, and continued as such for some considerable time. He then came to Georgia and settled in Jasper county, where
he taught school two years, meantime continuing his own studies with a view to professional life. Subsequently he attended the lectures and graduated from the medical college of Georgia, Augusta, now constituted the medical department of the university of Georgia. Some years afterward, on motion of Dr. H. V. M. Miller, he was elected an alumnus of the university. After graduating from the medical college he taught one term in response to the earnest solicitation of the patrons of the school. In January, 1847, he located at Antioch, Troup Co., entered upon the practice of his profession, and lived there nearly a quarter of a century, aU the time steadily gaining in reputation and extending his practice. His profession exempted him from military duty during the war, but he rendered some valuable service towards the close. In 1868 he was elected ordinary of Troup county and held the office five years. That same year he brought before the State Agricultural association the matter of fish culture, which resulted in the appointment of a committee on the subject, of which he was made chairman. He then prepared a bill which passed the general assembly, and is now a law .of the state, in accordance \vith which he was appointed fish commissioner, end has been continued in the office from that day until this. For about ten years he has been an enthusiastic member, and is now an officer of the American Fish society. Dr. Gary takes an active, an almost absorbing interest in the fish industiy in the state, and bestows upon it a great deal of attention. He has been
an active and ardent member of the Georgia Agricultural society since 1872: and is a member of the Georgia Horticultural society. While actively engaged in the practice of his profession he was conducting extensive farming interests, and is now connected with the banking and manufacturing enterprises of La Grange. He is eminently progressive and foremost in all movements promising to promote the material, social and moral advancement of the community. He began life with nothing, but by close attention to professional duty and judicfous management, has accumulated a large property, and is regarded as one of the
richest, as he certainly is one of the most useful citizens of the county. Dr. Gary was married Jan. 15, 1849, to Miss Mary J. Prouty, a native of Massachusetts, by whom he had the following children: Ella; Earnest, in the bank at Millrn; Ida, wife of Col. J. A. Broome; Lula; Ashton, manufacturing business, La Grange. The mother of the above-named children died June 6, 1872. Dr. Gary is a
prominent member of the Methodist church.

JOHN DANIEL, farmer, Hpgansville, Troup Co., Ga., son of John and Deva (Plaster) Daniel, was born in 1841. His paternal grandparents, Littleton and
Elizabeth (Hinds) Daniel, were native North Carolinians. His father was born
in North Carolina in 1802, came to Georgia when sixteen years of age, and settled in Jones county. He lived there one year and made a crop, and then went back to North Carolina for his parents, when the family came in ox-carts to Georgia and settled in the virgin forest, living in tents until they could build cabins. His maternal grandparents, Benjamin and Sallie Plaster, were natives of North Carolina, who, early in the present century came to Georgia. Mr. Daniel was raised on the farm and received his meager education in the common country schools. In 1862 he enlisted in Company K, Capt. Speerman, Fiftieth Georgia regiment. He was in the battle of Baker's Creek (where he was wounded in the
side), in the battles of Missionary Ridge and Rocky Face Gap. May 18, 1864, he was wounded in the knee and disabled for service. He, however, so far recovered as to return to the army, and remained with it until the surrender.
He returned home after the war and began life anew, his only capital being good

916

MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

health, a resolute and upright character, and thirty-five cents. He owns now a paid-for, well-improved i,ooo-acre plantation, and as a prosperous and reliable citizen is the peer of any man in Troup county. Mr. Daniel was married in 1868 to Miss Susan E. Philpot, born in Heard county in 1843, daughter of David A. and Litha (Modesty) Philpot. To them five children have been born: Andrew, Alien, Edmond, Ecton and Dove. Himself and wife are devoted members of the Methodist church.
JAMES DANIEL, farmer, Lovelace, Troup Co., Ga., son of Edmond and Julia A. (Wilburn) Daniel, was born in Greene county, Ga., in 1831. His paternal
grandparents were Henning and Hannah (Asbury) Daniel. The grandfather was a soldier in the revolutionary war; the grandmother a daughter of Thomas Asbury. Mr. Daniel's father was bom in Greene county, Ga., in 1800, and was raised a farmer and educated in that county. In January, 1840, he moved to Heard county, Ga., settled in the woods and cleared a farm, on which he died May 25, 1879. He was a sturdy, practical farmer, and had no ambition to be anything but a good one. Himself and wife were devoted members of the Mis sionary Baptist church; and when on his death-bed he was engaged in prayer, in singing the praises to God, and exhorting his family and others around him to meet him in heaven. Mr. Daniel's grandparents on his mother's side were Jerry and Sarah (Hudson) Wilburn, who were natives of South Carolina, migrated to, and were among the early settlers of the upper part of Georgia. Mr. Daniel was raised partly in Greene and partly in Heard county; and went to school in the muchwritten about dirt-floor log cabin, where he was taught and disciplined by James Thornton, Tom Whitaker and Talbot X. Reese. During the late civil war himself and four brothers enlisted. He was detailed to duty in driving a team and bringing in supplies, but the three brothers lost their lives in the service. The other one is still living. After the war Mr. Daniel returned to Heard county, where he lived two years, and then moved to Troup county and settled on the farm he now owns. When he bought it it was said to be the poorest farm in the county; but now, under his well-directed cultivation and improvements, it is one of the best in appearance and yield, and he ranks among the best of farmers and of citizens. Mr. Daniel was married in 1854 to Miss Virginia Jennings, born in Troup county in 1837, daughter of Robert and Eloise (Brown) Jennings. Her grandparents, Robert and Elizabeth (Arnold) Jennings, were born in Virginia. He was a revolutionary soldier, and after the war came to Georgia and settled in Oglethorpe count}-. Thirteen children blessed this union, of whom eleven are living: Mary, Lula, Julia W., Martha A., Edmond D., Robert, James B., Alien H., Thomas A., Leon B. and Cordelia. Mr. Daniel and his wife are prominent and influential members of the Missionary Baptist church

P. EDMOXSOX. retired farmer, La Grange, Troup Co., Ga., son of William and Dinah (English) Edmonson, was born in Greene county, Ga., in 1829. His paternal grandfather, Philip Edmonson, was a native Virginian, came to
Georgia in an ox-cart in the latter part of the last century, and settled in Greene county. He settled in the woods, and the family lived in tents until cabins could be buiin He was a soldier in the last war with Great Britain. Mr. Edmonson's father was born in Greene county in 1802, was reared on the farm, and was a soldier during the Indian troubles of 1836. Mr. Edmonson was reared a farmer, and was educated at the common schools of the county, and taught school himself for five years. Soon after attaining manhood he married, and moved to Heard county, Ga., and settled on a farm. In 1862 he enlisted in Company K--Capt. Speer--Fifty-sixth Georgia regiment, and served until the siege of Vicksburg,

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917

during which he was taken sick and sent home. In 1863 he was elected sheriff and held the office four years, much to his pecuniary disadvantage, as no fees or costs could be collected, and he received nothing for his services. In 1868 he removed to Troup county and settled at Antioch, where he engaged in merchan dising, established a good business and was very prosperous. Five years after ward he moved to La Grange, and bought the farm he now owns and lives on. He was elected justice of the peace during his residence at Antioch and served as such nearly all the time he was there. His farm, one of the best improved in the county, lies partly within, but mostly outside the corporate limits; his residence, a very elegant one, being within the city limits. He began life after the war with nothing; has been remarkably successful both in his farming and mercantile business, and has accumulated quite a large property. Mr. Edmonson was mar ried in 1857 to Miss Sarah A. Birdsong--born and raised in Oglethorpe county, Ga.--daughter of George W. and Serena (Jackson) Birdsong, by whom he lias had six children: Edwin B., Lola, Frank, Anna M., George R., and Albert O. Mr. Edmonson was made a Mason as soon as he attained manhood, and himself and wife are devoted members of the Baptist church.

S. EVANS, farmer, La Grange, Troup Co., Ga., son of Thomas C. and Rhoda
B. (Swanson) Evans, was born in Georgia in 1838. His father was born
and raised in Edgefield district, S. C, and came to Georgia sometime in the
twenties, when a young man. He was a captain during the Indian war of 1836, and was with the forces which escorted and guarded the Cherokees on their way to their new home. He was a party to the contract to convey the Indians from
Georgia; and after the treaty he was selected to settle with and pay the Indians
for their lands. While thus engaged he ate, and held councils with them in their
wigwams, securing their friendship and.confidence. He was fond of military dis play and life, and for years was a general of the local militia, when to hold the office was no insignificant local distinction. In 1843 ne came to Troup county, soon after which he was elected sheriff, holding the office several years to the
entire satisfaction of the people. In 1856 he was elected ordinary of Troup county and held the office until he died, in 1857. He was a member of the
masonic fraternity. Mr. Evans was reared and educated at the common schools in Troup county, and had entered the university of Georgia when his father died, and he had to abandon his college course. In April, 1861, he enlisted as a private
in the La Grange Light guards--the first company that left La Grange--which
afterward became Company B, Fourth Georgia regiment. Not long after the regiment went to the field he was elected lieutenant; and the officers of the Twiggs county volunteers and the West Point guards having been captured, the com
mand of these forces devolved on him. He was in all the engagements in which his company bore an honorable and conspicuous part, among them--King's School-house; Malvern Hill; Sharpsburg; Second Manassas; Morton's Ford; the
Gettysburg campaign; the fights around Richmond; Cold Harbor, and Monocacy, where he lost his right kg. At one time dviring his service he crossed the Potomac three times with his company, and was wounded each time. At Sharpsburg he was shot in the head and left on the field for dead: but he recovered con
sciousness and rejoined his command. At the battle of Monocacy, July 9, 1864, when he lost his leg, he was captured, but was soon exchanged and came home,
and as soon as he was able resumed farming. In 1888 he was appointed post master at La Grange by President Cleveland, and retained the office several months during President Harrison's administration. Mr. Evans stands very high with his fellow-citizens as a man of stern integrity and uprightness of char
acter. Mr. Evans was married in 1866 to Miss Maggie, daughter of Walker and

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'

MEMOIRS OP GEORGIA. .

Margaret (McCalley) Dunson, native Georgians. To them seven children have been born: Lucy Lee, Mary Virginia, Maggie, Ruth, Willie, Thomas C., and Frank T. The mother, who was an exemplary member of the Methodist church, died Aug. 10, 1891. It is a singular coincidence that all their children were born on Sunday but one, and that one was born on Saturday night. Mr. Evans is a Knight of Honor--was made a master Mason as soon as he was of full age, and
is now a royal arch Mason. Himself and all his children are members of the Methodist church.

H. FINCHER, SR., merchant, Mountville, Troup Co., Ga., son of Isaac
* and Elizabeth (Brooks) Fincher, was born in Troup count}' in 1839. His paternal grandfather, Benjamin Fincher, was a native of North Carolina, whence he migrated at the beginning of this century to Georgia, and settled in the woods in what is now Jasper county. His father was born in Jasper county in 1811, was raised on the farm, and educated in the common schools of the county. His mother was also born in Jasper count}-, in 1815, and was the daughter of Thomas and Martha Brooks. North Carolinians, who were among the early settlers of Jasper count}-. Mr. Fincher was raised on the farm, and received a fair education
at the common schools. During the war he did duty with what is popularly known as "Joe Brown's pets." At the close of the war he reached West Point, Ga., just in time to not participate in the engagement After the surrender he engaged in farming awhile; but in 1869 he established a general merchandise store in Mountville, which he has continued to this time with success and profit. Beginning with very little after the war, he has accumulated capital, and is now regarded as one of the richest men in the county. Upright and scrupulously honorable, he has won and retains the confidence of the people. Mr. Fincher was married in 1859 to Miss Arabella Cox, born in Troup count}- in 1840, daughter of Charles and Elizabeth Cox. To them six children have been born : Betsey B., wife of Rev. W. E. Dozier; Lula I., wife of J. N. Trippe; Maggie M., wife of T. J. Kinnard; Charles B., Robert B., and William D. Mr. Fincher is a mastef
Mason, and himself and wife are influential members of the Presbyterian church.

A J- FULLER, farmer, Mountville, Troup Co., Ga., son of Bryant and Elizabeth
(Galloway) Fuller, was born in Troup county in 1840. His grandfather, Crawford Fuller, was born in North Carolina, where he lived and died. His
father was also born in the "old north state," where he married, came to Georgia in
ox-carts and on horseback in 1830, and settled in the woods in Troup county,
where he cleared a farm. There was such a scarcity of food in the country that he had to go to Macon and work a month to get a supply of provisions for his little family. Mr. Fuller's mother was a daughter of Henry and Livia (Buck)
Galloway, both of whom were natives of North Carolina. They came to Georgia
about 1835, remained a brief period, and then went to Alabama, where they lived until they died. Mr. Fuller was reared on the farm and got his limited education at the primitive dirt-floor, puncheon-seated log school house, with stick-and-mud
chimney. He enlisted in Company B, Sixtieth Georgia regiment, Col. Jones, which was assigned first to the command of Gen. John B. Gordon, and afterward to that of Clement A. Evans. Mr. Fuller certainly has a remarkable record, as
the following recital shows. He was in the following battles, some of which were
the most stubbornly contested and bloodiest and most important fought during the war: Port Royal. Cold Harbor, Malvcrn hill, Cedar run, Bristow station, second Manassas. Chantilly farm. Harper's ferry, Sharpsburg, Shepherdstown. Fredericksburg. Cliancellorsville. Winchester, Wrightsville, Gettysburg, Kelley's ford, Brandy station, Mine run, Wilderness, Spottsylvania, Mechanicsville, Tur-

TROUP COUNTY SKETCHES.
key ridge, Martinsburg, Monocacy, Snicker's gap, Kernston, Bunker hill, Fisher's hill, Cedar creek, Hatcher's run, Fort Steadman, Petersburg trenches, Sailor's creek, and Appomattox--and was in the Lawton-Gordon-Evans brigade. Although he was in all these hard-fought battles, and bravely and faithfully per formed his duty as a soldier, he was never sick, never wounded nor captured. He began life after the war without a dollar; but now, as the result of his hard work and superior management, he owns 550 acres of fine land in Meriwether county, an elegant home in Mountville, and an ample income; and he made it all farming. Few persons are better conditioned to happily pass through life--none more highly esteemed than Mr. Fuller and his family. Mr. Fuller was married in 1875 to Miss Alary Daniel--born in Troup county--daughter of James and Virginia (Jennings) Daniel, by whom he had three children: Bryant, Jennie L., and Daniel. Himself and wife are members of the Missionary Baptist church.
1 H. GLANTON, retired planter, La Grange, Troup Co., Ga., son of Abner and Tavia (Hardy) Glanton, was born in Monroe county, Ga.. in 1829. His
parents were natives of South Carolina, whence they came in an ox-cart to Georgia in 1827, and settled first in Monroe, in the woods, and dwelt in tents until cabins could be provided. After a stay of a year or two in Monroe they removed to Troup county, where they made a permanent home. About 1830 two of Mrs. Glanton's brothers, Thomas and James Hardy, came from South Carolina and settled in Troup. These were all pioneer families. Thomas was a soldier in the war of 1812. Mr. Glanton was reared on the plantation, and was educated at the old-time "old-field" school, taught in the historic dirt-floor log school house. He has been a farmer all his life, and has devoted his time and attention to his agricultural interests. In consequence of this, when the "unpleas antness" began he sent a substitute to the army; subsequently enlisted in two different companies, but was detailed for local sen-ice in the commissary depart ment. He started in life with but little, but by strict attention, keeping abreast with improved methods and implements, and judicious management and invest ment, has become one of Troup county's solidest and most substantial citizens. Mr. Glanton was married in 1852 to Miss Louisiana L. Anderson--born in Meriwether county, Ga.--daughter of James R. and Caroline (McOueen) Ander son. Mr. Anderson was also a pioneer settler of Troup county, and felled the timber to make his home. This wife bore him eight children: Anderson, Mattie. Abner, Tavia C, Mollie H., and Julia, and two who died in infancy. Mrs. Ander son died in 1872. In 1874 Mr. Glanton contracted a second marriage with Mrs. Martha E. Hall, born in Meriwether county, daughter of John L. Dixpn, who bore him one child, Henry Dixon, and died in 1887. Mr. Glanton enjoys the respect and esteem of all who know him.
W T. GODWIN, farmer, La Grange, Troup Co., Ga., son o William H. ami * Mary H. (Flewellen) Godwin, was born in Pike county, in 1825. His
paternal grandfather, Jeremiah Godwin, was a native of Virginia, was a soldier in the patriot army during the revolutionary war, and came to Georgia in 1820. After a short stay he returned to Virginia, where he died. Mr. Godwin's father was born in Virginia, and about 1817, accompanied by two brothers, came to Georgia on horseback. When a young man he taught school and served as a clerk in a store in Eatonton, Ga. Mr. Godwin's mother was the daughter ot Alexander and Katie (Peeples) Flewellen, and Mrs. Flewellen was the only daughter of Henry Peeples of Warren county. Mr. Flewellen was a soldier in the war of 1812 under Gen. Floyd. Mr. Godwin was raised on the farm, and educated at the old-time "old-field" dirt-floor, log school house, and has followed fanning

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MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

all his life. During the war he manufactured leather shoes for the Confederate government. He is a member of the alliance, takes a very great interest in it, and in 1888 organized the Sixth congressional district of Georgia. He is con
sidered one of Troup county's best citizens, and stands high in all the relations of life. Mr. Godwin was married in 1844 to ^Iss Sarah Traylor--born in Troup county--daughter of Wiley and Elsie (Vardaman) Traylor. Mr. Traylor was one of the early settlers, a large stock-raiser, and died in the county. To them seven children were born, three of whom are living: Mary ]., wife of W. C. Cotton; Louisa L., wife of M. L. Whitman; Martha, wife of William Stratford of Ft. Michael, Ala. Mrs. Godwin, who was an exemplary member of the Methodist church, died early in 1858; and late in the same year Mr. Godwin contracted a second marriage with Miss Balsora A. Carlisle--born in Troup county--daughter of \V. W. and Rowena (Walker) Carlisle. Of five children with which this union v.as blessed, four are living: W. H.: George T.; Frances, wife of J. R. Roberts; and James B. Mr. and Mrs. Godwin are prominent members of the Methodist church, and he is a council member of the masonic fraternity.
S H. GRIFFIX, president Troup factory, La Grange, Troup Co., Ga., son of Charles H. and Mary A. (Ashford) Griffin, was born in Troup county in 1845. His paternal grandparents were natives of South Carolina, came to Georgia about the year 1800. and settled in the woods in Wilkes county, where they cleared a farm. Mr. Griffin's father was born in Wilkes county in 1809, where he was reared and educated, and whence, on reaching manhood, he went to Alabama. He was married in Montgomery county in that state, and in 1833 returned to Georgia and settled in the woods in Troup county, where he cleared a farm and reared his family. He was a soldier in the Indian war of 1836; was a member of the masonic fraternity, and himself and wife were members of the Baptist church, to whose support they devoted much time and money. He died in 1855, but his wife survived him many years. She was a woman of uncommon industry, and so devoted to labor that she may be said to have died at her work.
The day she died she came from her garden, where she had been engaged, to get a drink of water, when she suddenly dropped dosvr. and expired, aged seventy-two years. Her parents, William and Charlotte (Andrews) Ashford, were natives of South Carolina, came to Georgia, and settled and cleared a farm in the woods. Mr. Griffin was reared on the farm, and received a common school education. In 1863 he enlisted in Company U. Fourth Georgia regiment, successively under the command of Capt. Robert S. Smith, Miles H. Hill, J. A. Norwood, and A. C. Gibson, Col. (later Gen.) Phil Cook, and served until the battle of the Wilderness, where, May 5, 1864. he had a thumb shot off, was shot through the hand and also through the hip. which last-named wound permanently disabled him for further service. His company went into that battle with thirty-three men, and came out with only six, the others, excepting four captured, having been killed and wounded. After the war he came to La Grange, his only capital being his war record, personal integrity, and a Sioo Confederate note, and entered a general merchandise store-, where lie clerked Uventy-two >ears; then, in 1872-73, establish ing a business of his own in La Grange. Jn 1891 he was elected president of the Troup Factory company. This company, organized fifty or more years ago
by Robertson. Leslie & Co.. manufactured goods for the Confederate govern ment dursr.jr the- war. but failed in i8j>. A stock company, of which Mr. Griffin was a i>;c-!nljc-r. was organized and bought the plant, which has since been operated successfully and very profitably. Since his election as president he has dtvote'i his entire rim- and attention to its -management. The mill employs about fiitv-fivc- hands. ';iul lias u capacity of 3,500 yards of sheetings per day.

TROUP COUXTY SKETCHES.

g 2I

Coming out of the war a poor, penniless, wounded soldier, he has made an enviable reputation for business capability and integrity, and ranks among the most es teemed of the citizens of the county. Mr. Griffin is a master Mason.

J B. HARALSON, farmer, Long Cane, Troup Co., Ga., son of J. B. and * Beulah (Smedley) Haralson, was born in Troup county in 1841. His paternal
grandfather, Elijah Haralson, was a native of Virginia, came to Georgia about 1795 in ox-carts, and settled in Greene county. There being but fe%v public roads at that time, and they far apart, he had to cut a road-way to his lands-- virgin forest, where he cleared a farm. He was a soldier in the war of 1812. Mr. Haralson's father was born in Greene county in 1803, and was reared on the farm. He remained in Greene until 1827, when lie removed to Troup county, makmg the journey in ox-carts, and settled in the woods on the western side of the Chattahoochee river. There was but one other family in that part of the county at that time. His life-pursuit was farming, but he supplemented that by working as a carpenter, and he served many years as a justice of the peace. He was also a soldier in the Creek Indian war of 1836. Mr. Haralson attended school at first under a bush arbor; he did this two seasons, and then a log house was built, where he finished his limited education. In 1861 he enlisted in Com pany F, Capt. Bodkin, Twenty-first Georgia regiment. Col. John T. Mercer, assigned to Gen. Smith's command. He saw much hard service, and was in many important hard-fought battles, among them Winchester, and from there to Gettysburg, Cold Harbor and others. He was wounded and in the hospital when Second Manassas was fought. At the time of the surrender he was on duty in Selma, Ala. He entered the sen-ice as private, and in 1863, he was promoted to a lieutenancy, which commission he held at the close of the war. After the war he engaged earnestly in fanning, with the pursuit of which he has been content, and his success has satisfied his highest ambition. In 1886 he was appointed a gaugcr and storekeeper in the internal revenue department and held the office some considerable time. Mr. Haralson was married in 1860 to Miss Mary J., daughter of Warren and Mary (,Edmonson) Cofield. She died in 1883. and in 1884 he married Miss Anna Y. Wilkinson, born in Troup county, who has borne him three children: Thomas B., Florence R. and Beulah. He is a master Mason, and himself and wife are members of the Baptist church.
WILLIAM F. HINES, farmer, Gabbettville, Troup Co., Ga., son of James H. and Nancy (Horton) Mines, was born in Chambers county, Ala., in 1852.
His paternal grandfather, Thomas Hines, was one of eleven brothers who came from England and settled in Maryland before the revolutionary war. In the latter part of the last century he came to Georgia and settled in Greene county. Mr. Hines' father was born in that county in 1804, was reared a planter, and educated there, and in 1827 moved to and settled in Troup county, of which he was a pioneer settler. He settled in the woods and cleared a farm, on which he lived till he died, in 1878. He was a devoted member of the Methodist church. His mother was a daughter of Thomas Horton, who was a native of Virginia, whence he came to Georgia and settled in Greene county, where he lived until 1840, when he moved to Troup county, and cleared a farm in the northern part of the county. Mr. Hines was reared in Alabama, where he received a good common school education. His father's health failing he had to leave school. He began life with but little, but by industry and good management has increased his possessions, until now he lias a fine 7OO-acre farm, and is one of the most success ful and substantial fanners in the county. Mr. Hines was married in 1870 to Miss Lillie T. Potts, born and reared in Troup county, daughter of Morne and

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MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

May (Reed) Potts, by whom he has had seven children: Robert P., James C, William F., Mary L., Eloise P., Charles and Ravia. Mr. Hines is a Knight of
Pj-thias, and himself and wife are prominent members of the Methodist church.

H. HODXETT, fanner, Long Cane, Troup Co., Ga., son of William and Caroline (Findley) Hodnett, was born in Troup county in 1844. His paternal grandfather was William Hodnett, who was a native of Virginia, a soldier
in the patriot army during the revolutionary war, came to Georgia by ox-cart conveyance in 1795, and settled in the woods in what is now Putnam count}', where, that same year, Mr. Hodnett's father was born. His father was a soldier in the war of 1812, and having secured a land warrant he came to Troup county
in 1827, settled in the woods, and cleared a farm. He became a quite prominent citizen, and died in 1863. Mr. Hodnett was raised on the farm, and received a very limited education. In 1862 he enlisted in Company K, Capt Long, Thir
teenth Georgia regiment, Col. Ector, and was assigned to Gen. Qement A. Evans' command. Among other very important battles he was in those of Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville and Winchester. He was sick with fever at Winchester when the battle of Gettysburg was fought, and was on a wounded furlough when the battle of Strasburg occurred. He was in all other general engagements in which his command participated until they stacked arms at Appomattox. He stood guard from about ten o'clock until daylight the night before the surrender. Mr. Hodnett was present at Taccoon Ford when Gen. Lee said to Gen. Gordon, "Take your original position at Mine river," whereupon Gen. Gordon said, "Our entire trains are at stake and it is impossible to get them out Let me try my brig ade; they never fail." He was wounded at Smithfield, on account of which he was off duty ninety- days, and at Winchester. One of the wounds was in the hip by a ball from a shelL He escaped all other injury and capture. He was in the battle in which Gen. Evans was shot from his horse, and was very near him at the time. He came to the old homestead after the war. All he received from his father's estate was 62.25, an<^ 'ie ^a<i n's afflicted mother and three children to provide for. He has done this fully and faithfully, and is now the possessor of 1,000 acres of good land, and the farm is as well improved as any in the county. He has forged his way to the front as a good farmer and worthy citizen, deserving and having the confidence and esteem of his fellow-citizens. Mr. Hodnett was married in 1876 to Miss Amanda Roberts, born in Troup county, daughter of Wiley 1*. and Sara (Wilson) Roberts, formerly of Greenville district, S. C, who came to Georgia in 1844 and settled in Troup county. One child, Sallie Fannie, has blessed this union. Mr. and Mrs. Hodnett are members of the Methodist church.

D M. HUDSON", farmer, Long Cane, Troup Co., Ga., son of Roland W. and Telitha C. (Bennett) Hudson, was born in Troup county in 1841. His
paternal grandparents were Richard and Susannah (Parrott) Hudson. He was
one of eleven brothers who came from England to America just before the revolu
tionary war, and settled first in Maryland and afterwards moved to Virginia. From Virginia his grandparents migrated to Georgia about the year 1800, and set
tled in what is now Jasper county, in the woods, where he cleared a farm and
reared his family. He remained there until 1827, when he moved to Troup
countv, driving his cattle, hogs and other stock, settled in the woods and cleared another farm. He was a soldier in the war of 1812. Mr. Hudson's father was born in Tasper county in 1809. was reared on the farm an<l educated in the back woods schools of the period and locality. He accompanied his parents to Troup
county in 1827 and v.as a soldier in the Creek Indian war of 1836. Mr. Hudson

TROUP COUNTY SKETCHES.

923

was reared on the farm and received a limited education in the common schools of the county. In 1861 he enlisted for six months in the state troops, and at the expiration of that time re-enlisted in Ferrell's battery under Col. Montgomery. His first engagement was at Tuscumbia, Ala., where he was taken prisoner, but in a short time he was paroled. On his return to the service he was transferred to the command of Gen. Forrest, and under that dashing commander participated in the battles at Harrisburg, Miss.; Athens, Ala., and Pulaski, Tenn. In 1864 he contracted measles and was in the hospital at the time of the surrender. During a part of the time he was in the service he held the office of sergeant After the war he returned to his farm, to which he has given his undivided and unremitting attention, and has been rewarded with abundant success and prosperity. He is
very popular and highly esteemed by his fellow-citizens, and in 1894 was elected tax collector of the county, which office he now holds. Mr. Hudson was married in 1863 to Miss Fannie V. Famby, born and reared within three-fourths of a mile of her present home, daughter of Matthew B. and Mary (Meadows) Famby, of a family of early settlers. To them four children have been born: Richard B.f Cornelia E., wife of W. F. Stinson; Alary F., wife of Robert L. Hart, and John A. He is a member of the masonic fraternity and himself and wife are mem bers of the Missionary Baptist church. They both united with the church at the same time, and were married by the minister that received them into the church by baptism.

JOHN TURNER HUDSON, farmer, Long Cane, Troup Co., Ga., son of Roland
and Telitha C. (Bennett) Hudson, was born in Troup county in 1844. A sketch of his immediate progenitor will be found in these memoirs. Mr. Hudson was reared on the farm and educated in the common schools of the county. In 1862 he enlisted in Ferrell's battery, which formed a part of Gen. Roddy's com
mand, and while with it saw much hard service and participated in very many engagements of more or less importance, among them that at Bear creek. Later he was transferred to Gen. Forrest's command, and was with it in the battles at Tupelo, Miss.; Athens, Ala., and Pulaski, Tenn., and at the capture of Gen. Strait at Round Mountain. He remained in the service to the end, enduring all the hardships and privations of soldier-life, but was so fortunate as to escape both capture and casualty. When the war closed he had not attained to manhood, the youngest of six brothers in the same company, but returned without a dollar to the old homestead where he was born and which is now his home. He is now the possessor of a good farm, well-improved and under good cultivation, a nice home, and the good will and sincere esteem of his neighbors and fellow-citizens. Mr. Hudson was married in 1872 to Miss Dora Boyd, born in Troup county, daughter of Henry and Susan (Heard) Boyd, by whom he has had four children: Idus, Bennett, Susan and John Turner. Himself and wife are members of the
Baptist church.

1 T. C. LOVELACE, farmer, West Point, Troup Co., Ga., son of Lucius C. and Obedience (Robinson) Lovelace, was born in Troup county, on the
farm where he now lives, in 1839. His paternal great-grandfather was a native of North Carolina, moved to and lived in South Carolina a short time, and then came to Georgia and settled in Columbia county, among its earliest settlers. His grand parents, James and Mary (Stapler) Lovelace, were natives of South Carolina, came to Georgia in ox-carts and settled in the woods. He was one of the pioneer school teachers in Columbia county, was excellently well educated, served as a soldier in the war of 1812 and died in 1860. Mr. Lovelace's father was born in

924

MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

Columbia county Feb. 6, 1806, where he was reared on the farm, and received his education. He came to Troup county in 1831 and settled in the woods when they
were full of Indians and wild animals and began life in a little log hut His mother was a daughter of Leggett and Elizabeth (Bennett) Robinson, who were natives of South Carolina, came to Georgia and settled in what is now Henry
county in 1820. He served as a volunteer in the Creek Indian war of 1836. Mr. Lovelace was reared on the farm where he now lives, and was educated in the "old field" schools and at Bowdon college. In 1861 he enlisted in Company D, Capt Matthews, Fourth Georgia regiment, Col. George Doles, Gen. Blanchard,
and participated in man}' hard-fought battles, among them: King's Schoolhouse, Malvern Hill, Fredricksburg, Chancellorsville, Gettysburg and Wilderness. At the last-named battle he was wounded in the shoulder, which disabled him for
service and crippled him for life. He was sent to the hospital, where he remained until the surrender. He then came home and conducted the farm about five years, when lie went to West Point, Ga., and embarked in manufacturing. At the end of five years he sold out and returned to the old homestead, where he has since remained, content with the enjoyments of an intelligent and delightful home circle. He has been a jury commissioner sixteen years and a county commis sioner two years. Xo citizen of Troup county is held in higher esteem, none of more unbending integrity, or who more fully commands the public confidence. Mr. Lovelace was married in 1866 to Miss Amanda Davidson, born in Troup county, daughter of EHas and Lucretia (Leverett) Davidson, native Georgians.
Four children have blessed this union: Samuel, Amanda O., Lula, and Lucius B. He is a master Mason and himself and wife and all the children are mem bers of the Methodist church.

CLEAZER MOBLEY, one of the prominent farmers of Troup county, is a
grandson of Jethro and Sarah Mobley. The former was a native of South Carolina and a man of somewhat adventuresome nature; he served in the war
of 1812, at an early day he came to Georgia, but after a short time moved to Ala bama, where he remained until 1847, when he returned to Georgia. His son, Eldridge H., was born in Georgia in 1809 and served in the Indian war of 1836.
He was a teacher in the common schools in those early days and was especially noted as a penman, being regarded as one of the best in this section of the coun try. His wife was Miss Eliza Finney, and their son Eleazer was born in Cham
bers county, Ala., in 1845, an^ reared upon the farm, attending school in the comfortless old log schoolhouse of the period. Though scarcely out of boyhood he enlisted in 1861, joining the Newnan guards, First Georgia regiment, under
CapL James M. Harvey. Among the hard battles in which he was engaged was Carrick Ford, Laurel Hill, Greenbrier river, Penyville, Ky., Richmond, Ky., and
numerous skirmishes. He served throughout the war, being captured at Fort Steadman in 1864, and held a prisoner until the surrender. He was present at the battle of Monocacy Junction, Md., at the time when Gen. Evans was shot
from his horse, being within ten feet of the general at that moment It was in this battle that young Mobley was made captain of his company and served until
his capture. He had served as corporal for a long time previous. During his imprisonment the Yankees made him captain of a company. After his return
to his Georgia home at the close of the war Mr. Mobley began life by cutting cordwood and railroad ties, and has been able by his own industry and care to accumu
late quite a property and stands high in the estimation of the community. For two years he served as mayor of Hogansville, but though often solicited to run
for other official positions would never consent. He has always been a demo-

TROUP COUNTY SKETCHES.

g2-

crat He is a prominent member of the order of Masons, having been for many years worshipful master. Mr. Mobley in 1872 married Miss Aldora Moreland, daughter of Benjamin T. and Mary (Buttrill) Moreland, born in Heard county, Ga., in May, 1852. Both Mr. Mobley and his wife are members of the M. E. .church. Their unicfti has been blessed with ten children, nine of whom are living: William P., Benjamin E., Judson Gordon, Roy M., Eleazer C, Robert T., Reda S., Minnie M. and an infant.
JJ E. NEWTON, farmer, Long Cane, Troup Co., Ga., son of John T. and Sarah " (Loyd) Newton, was born in Troup county in 1856. His paternal great
grandfather, John Newton, was a prominent Presbyterian clergyman in Virginia. His paternal grandparents, Ebenezer and Ann (Strong) Newton, were born in Virginia, whence they migrated to Georgia about 1800 and settled in what is now Clarke county. Mr. Newton and a neighbor bought a whip-saw, with which they sawed lumber to build a two-story house, and he made the nails needed in its construction. He was a soldier in the war of 1812, and a member of the Presby terian church, of which he was an elder. Mr. Newton's father was born in Athens, Ga., in 1821. He was reared in the town and received a good education, his father being a teacher, and in 1841 removed to Troup county, where he made farming his life-occupation. He was a soldier in the Confederate service during the late war, was a Presbyterian and an elder in the church. Mr. Newton's mother was a daughter of James Loyd, a pioneer settler of Troup county. Mr. Newton received a good common school education, and then taught school himself two years. In 1882 he settled on the farm where he now lives, which is one of the best appointed and best improved in the district. Mr. Newton is a progressive and very prosperous farmer, a model citizen and an active and able promoter of all improvements calculated to advance the community materially and morally. Mr. Newton was married in 1884 to Miss Willie Cunningham, born in Troup county, daughter of Dr. William and Martha (White) Cunningham. He was a native of Tennessee and a Presbyterian, and she was a native of Virginia. Three children: Irene, Mattie and Jeannette, are the fruit of this union. Himself and wife are members of the Presbyterian church, and when his father died he was elected to succeed him as elder.

J M. OWENS, farmer, Mountville, Troup Co., Ga., son of Daniel and Mary (Prather) Owens, was born in Troup county in 1847. His paternal grand
father, Henry Owens, was a native of Ireland, and came to America before the revolutionary war, in which he served as a soldier in the patriot army. Mr. Owens'
father was born in South Carolina, came to Georgia in ox-carts, in 1832, and settled where Mountville now stands; and the next year moved to the place on which Mr. Owens now lives. His mother was also born in South Carolina, and was the daughter of John and Mary Prather, of Scotch descent, born in South Carolina. When the family came to Georgia liis mother rode the entire distance on horseback. Mr. Owens was reared a farmer, and farming has been his lifeoccupation. His limited schooling was restricted to the common schools of the rural districts. In 1864 he enlisted in Company A, Thirty-seventh Georgia regi
ment, but as hostilities ceased soon afterward, his service was of short duration, and not extra arduous. After the war he resumed farming operations, in which he has been prosperous, and is considered one of the best farmers in the county.

JAMES F. PARK, LL. D., was born May 17, 1834, in Hall county, Ga. He
was the son of John and Sarah T. (Robertspn) Park. His paternal great grandfather was a native of Virginia and a soldier in the war of 1812. His paternal

926

MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

grandparents were also from the state of Virginia. The Park family came originally from County Donegal, Ireland, in 1744, and settled in Chester county,
Penn. Dr. Parks great-grandfather was a revolutionary soldier, killed at the
battle of Cowpens. Dr. Park received his early training from his father, a teacher by profession and thorough and capable in his work; he completed his education
at the university of Georgia, where he graduated with the highest honors of his
class. He early chose the profession of teaching as his life work, and followed It without interruption for over thirty years. He was beyond question a great teacher and a master in his profession, and the high characters and intellects of
many professional and business men, prominent and many of them eminent, in the several southern states testify to the powerful influence for good and use fulness wrought into them by his care and guidance as an educator. Few ever
entered the educational field better equipped for its useful and arduous labors,
and none ever reaped greater success in its truest sense. He was founder and principal of the famous Park high school of Tuskegee, Ala., and during his active
labors was honored with the degree of Ph. D. by the university of Alabama, and
of LL. D. by the college at Auburn, Ala. In 1883, from failing health, Dr. Park retired from his profession and removed to his native state, settling at La Grange, Ga. Here he has lived a quiet, retired life with the exception of two years service
as alderman and two j-ears as mayor of La Grange. During his mayoralty he was largely instrumental in the inauguration of a system of electric lights and
water works for the city of La Grange, which only needed these two additional marks of progress to render it first among the smaller cities of Georgia. In 1863 Dr. Park married Miss Emma Bailey, daughter of William and Octavia
(Holt) Bailey. Six sons are the result of this marriage: Frank, Edward Dpuglass
(deceased), Robert Emory, Walter Gordon, Henry Earle, and Raleigh Park.
Dr. Park is to-dav retired from active life and spend? a quiet time at his beautiful home in La Grange, varied with occasional travel.

1 O. PERRY, retired merchant, Troup Factory, Troup Ce., Ga., son of Thomas
A. and Amelia CEarp) Perry, was born in Troup county in 1848. His paternal grandfather was John Perry, South Carolina, a soldier in the war of 1812. His
parents were natives of South Carolina, who early in life came to Georgia and settled in Troup county. His father served in the state militia during the late unpleasantness, and was a justice of the peace many years. His maternal
grandparents were natives of South Carolina the grandfather named Lew Earp.
They migrated to Georgia and settled in Floyd county in 1845. From there they went to Harris county, Ga., where they lived a year and then moved to Troup county. Mr. Perry was reared in Troup county, received a fair common school
education, and served some time in the state troops. He began life with $125, by opening a general merchandise store at Troup Factory in 1871, which he continued until 1891, when he retired, having more than realized his most sanguine "
expectations as to success and prosperousness. While engaged in merchandising he conducted a quite large farming interest, which he still carries on; in which also lie was prosperous. He owns nearly 800 acres of good land, which is well improved; and having demonstrated his business ability by his great success as
a merchant, he is now engaged in the laudable work of proving himself to be a good farmer, which it is thought he is doing with his usual success and he is enjoying among his wide circle of friends and acquaintances the confidence and
esteem which follows success. Mr. Perry was married in 1877 to Miss Anna E. Estes born in Troup county daughter of John A. and Margaret F. (Hall) Estes. Her father was born in Virginia and came to Georgia a few years before his marriage, Margaret F. Hall was born and reared in Troup county. Thirteen

TROUP COUNTY SKETCHES.

927

children--of whom ten are living--were the fruit of this union: Anna O., Chara B., John A., Lula M., Ira and Iris (twins), Lillie, Henry Grady, Rosa V., and Julian G. Mrs. Perry, an exemplary member of the Methodist church, died Oct. 15,1894. Mr. Perry is a master Mason, and a prominent member of the Methodist church.

JAMES L. SIMS, farmer, Hogansville, Troup Co., Ga., son of William G. and Permelia (Cheatham) Sims, was born in Meriwether county, Ga., Oct 10, 1837.
His paternal grandparents, John and Fannie (Garr) Sims, were natives of Virginia and came to Georgia early in this century and settled in the woods near Athens, Clarke Co., Ga. Mr. Sims' father was born on this farm July 7, 181 r, was reared there, and educated in the "old-field" schools of the locality and period. In 1829 lie went to Meriwether county, Ga., and settled in the woods, living in tents until they could build cabins--minus floors--in which the family lived in that condition for some considerable time. In 1837 he moved to Troup county, where he very nearly repeated his pioneer experience in the county he left. He was married Dec. 15, 1836, to Miss Permelia Cheatham--born near Athens, March 8, 1815-- daughter of Josiah and Permelia (Jones) Cheatham, pioneer settlers near Athens. Mr. Cheatham was a soldier in the war of 1812, and lived to be more than 103 years old. To Mr. Sims' parents the following children were born: James L., the subject of this sketch, born Oct. 10, 1837: Emeline, born Sept. 17, 1838; William N., born July 13, 1840; Cynthia E., born Oct. 20, 1841; Fannie, born Feb. 26, 1843; Mar}-, born July 5, 1845; John I., born Sept. 6, 1847; Josiah G., born April 25,1849; Jones C, born Jan. 22, 1851; George R., born June 15, 1853. He began life very poor, but he was industrious and energetic, and being pro gressive, with exceptionally good business judgment, he became quite wealthy. Mr. Sims was reared on the farm, and his limited education was obtained in the old log school house. In 1862 he enlisted in Company B, Capt James McCalla, Thirteenth Georgia regiment--Col. Ector--which command served in the Vir ginia army under Gen. John B. Gordon. He was in battles at Savannah and Shepherdstown, and numerous skirmishes: but his health not being good he was a great deal of the time in hospitals. He began life with one mule and a cow, and settled in the woods where he now lives. Beginning with but little and a small farm, he has gradually increased his land holdings until now he owns nearly 600 acres of excellent land, with a good residence and good outbuildings, and his cleared land under the best of cultivation. He is now one of the solid and sub stantial citizens of one of the best counties in Georgia. His thriftiness is worthy of imitation--his success an inspiration to young farmers of small outfit. Mr. Sims was married Dec. 15, 1868, to Miss Jane Powledge--born in Meriwether county April 27, 1845--daughter of John M. and Fannie (Foy) Powledge, whose families were among the early settlers near Savannah, Ga. The following children have been the fruit of this marriage: Robert F.. John M., Tames O., Laura F., . Irene J., and Foy P. Himself and wife are prpminent members of the Methodist church.

JOHN I. SIMS, farmer. Hogansville, Troup Co., Ga., son of William G. and Permelia (Cheatham) Sims, was born in Meriwether county, Ga., Sept. 6, 1847.
(For sketch of parents and grandfather see that of his brother, James L. Sims, in these Memoirs.) Mr. Sims was reared on the farm, and between the urgent
necessity for farm work and indifferent school advantages on account of the un pleasantness, he received a very limited education. He began life with sixty dollars, settled in the woods and cleared his farm. He now lias a fine i^o-acre farm, well-improved, and is recognized as a good, progressive and successful

928

'

HEMOIRS OP GEORGIA.

farmer, and is a prominent member of the alliance. Mr. Sims was married in
1870 to Miss Sarah E. Reed, born in Heard county, daughter of Zack. and Elizabeth (Kendrick) Reed, whose families were among the early settlers of this portion of the state. To them nine children have been born: Lula, wife of Andrew Daniel; John P., Clo. V., Lizzie P., William E., Emma B., Sallie B.,
Edgar and Leta. Mr. Sims and bis wife are prominent members of the Methodist church.

JOSIAH G. SIMS, farmer, Hogansville, Troup Co., Ga., son of William G. and Permelia (Cheatham) Sims, was born in Troup county April 25, 1849.
(For sketch of parents and grandparents see sketch of his brother, James L. Sims,
in this volume.) He received only limited schooling in the common schools of the count}-, and started in life without a dollar. He has been industrious, eco nomical, attended exclusively to his own business, which he has carefully man
aged and now owns 725 acres of good land, well-improved, with a good home and outbuildings, and enjoys the esteem and the confidence to the fullest extent of
his fellow-citizens. He belongs to a family of good farmers and is the peer of
any in the county. Mr. Sims was married in 1874 to Miss Lucy Burdett, born in Wilkes county, Ga., daughter of Thomas J. and Almeda (Murphy) Burdett, of a
family of early settlers. To them seven children have been born: William T., Effie, Etta, Raymond, Fannie G., Lurline and Franklin. Mrs. Sims is a member of the Missionary Baptist church.

I ONES C. SIMS, farmer, Hogansville, Troup Co., Ga., son of William G. and Permelia (Cheatham) Sims, was born in Troup county Jan. 22, 1851. He is a
brother of James L. Sims, in a sketch of whom in this volume will be found a
sketch of his parents and grandparents. Mr. Sims was reared on the farm, work on which and the troublous times consequent upon the war being waged while he was growing up, interfered with his schooling, so that his education was ex
ceedingly limited. He began farm-life, however, with one mule and has made farming a life-pursuit. He now owns 230 acres of fine land, well-improved, under the best of cultivation, with ample and substantial buildings. He ranks very high as a farmer, and as an upright and much esteemed citizen. He is a leading and influential member of the alliance. Mr. Sims was married in 1879 to Miss Cordelia Thornton. born in Harris county, Ga., daughter of Turner and Lucy CCastleberryj Thornton, whose families were among the pioneer settlers of Georgia.
Three children have blessed this union: Turner, Charles W. and Minnie V. Him self and wife are exemplary members of the Missionary Baptist church.

DUFUS W. SMITH, president of La Grange Female college, La Grange,
Troup Co., Ga., son of Ebenezer and Cynthia (Lewis) Smith, was born in Greene county, Ga., March 4, 1835. His paternal grandfather, George Smith,
came from North Carolina to Georgia about 1788 in ox-carts and settled in the woods in what is now Lincoln county, when the Indians roamed the virgin for ests hunting wild animals and other game with which the woods then abounded. Here he cleared a farm and made a home, encountering and enduring the priva
tions, hardships and dangers incident to frontier life. Some years later he removed to Greene county, and lived to be one of its most substantial and respected citi zens. The following interesting incident in the life of his grandmother Smith
is not unworthy of permanent record here: When she was fifty years of age she gave birth to twin daughters, both of whom lived to be mothers of families, and on her one hundredth birthday were present at the familv dinner. She lived to

Kl'lTS \V. SMITH.

TROUP COUNTY SKETCHES.

929

be one hundred and ten years. President Smith's father was born in Lincoln county in 1791, where he grew to manhood. As work on the farm under the circumstances was an absolute necessity, his education was extremely limited. Hismaternal grandparents, Walker and Mary (Young) Lewis, were natives ot Virginia, came to Georgia about the beginning of this century, and settled inGreene county, where, besides farming, he taught school many years. President Smith was reared on the farm, and what schooling he received was obtained at the "old field" log schoolhouse of the period. When thirteen years old--in 1848--he went to school to Miss Frances A. Culver, walking three miles. It is a re markable fact that this lady is still engaged in teaching in Hancock county, which has been her vocation during the entire interval. In 1850 he attended the Longstreet institute in Coweta county, and in 1852 the academy at Greenesboro, Ga. In 1853 he entered Emory college, Oxford, Ga., from which he was graduated June 6, 1856, and on June 9 commenced teaching in Haygood academy, Atlanta. With the exception of one year, when he was in the Confederate service, he has been engaged in teaching ever since. He next taught seven months in Barnesville, Ga., which was followed by seven years' service as professor at a leading college. Later he was elected to a professorship in Emory college, where he remained a term of years, and was then elected professor in Dalton Female col lege. In 1886 he was elected president of La Grange Female college, an institu tion owned by and under the immediate control of the north Georgia conference, M. E. church south. Since his incumbency, and under his wise administration, the college has been wonderfully prosperous. When he assumed the presidency there were only seven boarding pupils, since which time the number has gone as high as 240. President Smith has devoted his entire life to teaching; no one in Georgia--if in the south--has done more for the cause of education, none excel him and none stand higher in the public estimation as an educator than he. Mrs. Smith also is a highly accomplished lady and teacher, who with her husband has an honorable and exceptionally successful experience of thirty-eight years. Presi
dent Smith was happily married Dec. 2, 1856, to Miss Orean, daughter of Rev. Jeremiah D. and Mary J. (Jernigan) Mann, her father at the time one of the leading ministers in the state. Eight children have blessed this union: Euler B., pro fessor of English in the college, possesses rare classical and linguistic attain ments, has acquired distinction in Texas as a teacher and besides his profound knowledge of English and Latin, mastered the Spanish language during a year's residence in Mexico; Cecil H., lawyer, Sherman, Tex., for many years county attorney; Hubert M., professor literary department; Alwyn M.. vocal director; Clifford L., principal high school. La Grange (for six years teacher of natural science in the college); Leon P., professor Latin and chemistry; Meidee, teacher instrumental music; Claire L., also teacher of music. Alwyn, vocal director, spent fifteen years and thousands of dollars to acquire proficiency and his wife (nee Laura B. Grain), also a teacher, took the second honor at the Boston con servatory. Euler B. has been president of the Georgia Teachers' association, and his wife teaches geometry. The following orthographical triumph stands to the professor's credit: At a spelling match in La Grange a word was given out from Webster's Blue Book Speller; he did not follow its orthography, and was called out He seated himself under protest, afterward investigated the matter, cor responded with the publishers, and since 1886 the word has appeared as he spelled it. La Grange Female college is now equipped equal to any in the state, is located in a city of unsurpassed healthfulness and under the administration of such emi nent experienced educators as President and Mrs. Smith, aided by a family of such wonderfully endowed children and other excellent teachers, cannot but
n-59

MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.
achieve the very highest success. President Smith and his wife are members of the Methodist church, and the school is conducted on a high religious plane.
CETH TATUM, farmer, retired lawyer, La Grange, Troup Co., Ga., son of Peter and Xancy E. (Sledge) Tatum, was born in Putnam county, Ga., in
1822. His father was born in North Carolina, came to Georgia when a young man, married in Hancock county, and settled in Putnam county. He was a soldier in the war of 1812. His wife was born in Hancock county, Ga., in 1795, and to them these children were born: Mius S.; Holmes; Seth, the subject of this sketch; A. J.: Matilda; Risilla, and Elizabeth. Of these, Mius S. and Seth served in the late civil war. Mr. Tatum's maternal grandparents, Mius and Rasilla (Hamlet) Sledge, were natives of North Carolina, migrated to Georgia the latter part of the last century, and settled in the woods in Hancock county. He was born in 1767 and died in 1847, aged eighty years, in Troup county. Mr. Tatum was reared in Troup county, and educated in the common schools of the county until he was thirteen years old. when he went to La Grange and attended the high school, of which Otis Smith was principal. In 1841 he went to Mercer university, where Mr. Smith was president, and when the president came back to La Grange, he came also, and finished his preparatory course under him. In 1844 he entered Harvard college and took a law course, graduating in 1845. While there he boarded at the same house with ex-President Rutherford B. Hayes. In 1847 he was admitted to the bar in La Grange, and formed a partnership with N. G. Swanson. which continued until the beginning of the civil war. In 1862 he enlisted in Company E, Capt. J- C. Cutright, Forty-first Georgia regiment, and was assigned to Gen. Bragg's command. He was made ordnance sergeant in the regular service, and received notice of promotion to a lieutenancy, but the commission never reached him. He participated in several hard-fought battles, being in those of Perryville, Baker's Creek, and the siege of Vicksburg, where he was captured and paroled. At the end of three months he returned to the army, reaching it just after the battle of Chickamauga. He was in the battle of Mis sionary Ridge, and was more or less engaged from there to Atlanta and in defense of the city. He then went with Gen. Hood into Tennessee and was in all the fights in that campaign, and followed the fortunes of the army until the last battles of the war at lientonville and Smithville, N. C. Returning from the war to Trotip county he engaged in farming, and lias since made that his life-business. Mr. Tatum is a man of extensive information and progressive ideas. Unambitious of political preferment he has been content to enjoy undisturbed the quiet pleasures of domestic life. In 1890. however, he was elected to represent his senatorial district in the general assembly without opposition, a significant indication of the esteem in which he is held. Mr. Tatum was married in November, 1865, in Troup county, to Miss Sarah E. Stinson. born in Warren county, Ga., in 1837, daughter of Michael F. and Martha A. (Hardaway) Stinson. Her grandparents, Michael and Elizabeth (McKinley) Stinson, were North Carolinians; and her father, born in North Carolina, came south early in life. Her great-grandfather Hardaway was killed in the war of the revolution in Virginia and her great-grandmother died in Virginia nine days after giving birth to her grandfather, her death being caused by exposure in consequence of having to be removed beyond the range of the guns of the British. Six children were born to Mr. and Mrs. Tatum: Frank S.; Seth S., civil engineer; James M.: George H.; Mary K., and Mattie E. Mrs. Tatum is a consistent member of the Methodist church. Mr. Tatum has through life endeavored to observe the parting injunction to him of Judge Joseph Story, "When you stand well, stand

TROUP COUNTY SKETCHES.

931

I J. THRASH, farmer, Mountville, Troup Co., Ga., son of Jacob and Elizabeth (Roe) Thrash, was born in Putnam county, Ga., June 12, 1820. His paternal
grandparents were Jacob and Martha (Stubblefield) Thrash, and the grandfather was born in Wilkes county. His maternal grandparents, Shadrach and Elizabeth (Hudson) Roe, were natives of North Carolina, came to Georgia on horseback and in ox-carts, and settled on the Oconee river in Hancock county about the time the county was organized. There was a ferry at the point where he settled, which he bought and operated a number of years. He had a brother, John Roe, who, when a boy, was taken by the British in 1812 and sold to the Indians. He made several attempts to escape but was recaptured. Finally the Indians de
termined to burn him alive. They made all their preparations and had actually gathered and piled up the faggots, and had everything ready to execute their horrible design. Fortunately for him they got drank, and while they were besotted he made his escape, after having been in worse than slavery for seven years. Mr. Thrash was reared and educated partly in Putnam and partly in
Troup county, his parents having moved to the last-named county when he was fourteen years old and settled on the farm where he now lives. When grown he engaged in farming, a vocation he has followed through life. He has been a successful farmer, is comfortably fixed, and has an excellent, well-improved farm. During the late unpleasantness he was in that state military organization known
as "Joe Brown's Pets," and was captain of his company. Mr. Thrash was married in 1864 to Miss Nellie Evans, born in Meriwether county in 1837, daughter of Thomas and Martha (Harmon) Evans, who has borne him eleven children: John
W., George E., Martha E., Leroy T., Mary, Scott, Charlotte, Isaac, James, Joseph and Rebecca. Mrs. Thrash is a devoted member of the Methodist church.

JOHN H. TRAYLOR, farmer, Lovelace, Troup Co., Ga., son of Rev. John C. and Tabitha (Bailey) Traylor, was born in Virginia in 1824. His paternal
great-grandparents, William C. and Elizabeth Traylor, were natives of England, and came to America before the revolutionary war. He had a crown grant for 6,000 acres of land near where Petersburg, Ya., now stands. He was born in England in 1674 and died in Virginia in 1753. His grandparents were Humphrey
and Sarah (Pegram) Traylor. He was a large planter, and was a soldier in the patriot army during the revolutionary war. In religion he was a pronounced and devout Episcopalian. Mr. Traylor's father was born in Dinwiddie and his mother in Henry county, Va. He was well educated, and was s. soldier in the last war with Great Britain. When he joined the Methodist church, in which he afterward became an able and useful ordained preacher, his father, who was, as already stated, an uncompromising Episcopalian, manifested great indignation, and de
clared he had disgraced the family. He came with his family to Georgia in 1842 and settled in Troup county, where he lived until his death, which occurred in 1855. Mr. Traylor's maternal great-grandparents were Parks and Mary (Cabaniss) Bailey, who were native Virginians, and he was a soldier in the revolutionary war. Her father, Charles Cabaniss, was the first man who put up a package (plug) of
manufactured tobacco. His maternal grandparents were John and Sarah (Alien, nee Smith) Bailey. She was a widow Alien, and great-grandmother of Private John Alien, the distinguished ex-representative in congress from Mississippi.
John Bailey served as a soldier during the war of 1812. Mr. Traylor wae reared in Virginia, and received a very good primary education in the common schools taught in the old-time log house, and then went a year to Emory and Henry
college. In 1842 he came with his parents to Georgia, and settled in Troup county, where he has lived and been engaged in farming ever since. In 1884 he was elected to represent Troup county in the general assembly, and served one term.

932

MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

Mr. Traylor inherits more than usual intellectual capacity and business ability from an ancestry distinguished for love of independence and progressive charac
teristics, and is himself a progressive man, keeps abreast with the advanced
thought and improvements of the times, and takes an active and prominent part in all movements promising development and advancement of resources and people along all the lines of human endeavor. Col. Traylor was married in 1844 to Miss Elizabeth, daughter of Charles C. and Martha H. (Roland) Bailey. Her father was born in Tennessee, and was the son of Parks and Mary (Cabaniss) Bailey, who were natives of Virginia. Parks Bailey was a soldier in the revolutionary
army, and Charles C. Bailey was with Gen. Jackson at New Orleans, in 1815,. a soldier in the Tennessee volunteers. Her mother was a daughter of Baldwin Roland, of Virginia. Of nine children born to CoL and Mrs. Traylor seven survive: Robert, married Miss Virginia, daughter of Eulam and Sarah A. (Traylor} McDonald; George, married Mary H., daughter of William and Eudora (Harper) Couper; Thomas H.; Jerry R.; Elizabeth; Martha T., Mrs. Thomas H. Northen (son of ex-Gov. W. J. Northen), and Marshall E. Col- and Mrs. Traylor are prominent and influential members of the Methodist church.

QROOX D. WHITAKER, farmer, West Point, Troup Co., Ga., son of Samuel T. and Maria L. (Thornton) Whitaker, was born in Troup county in 1849. His
paternal grandfather, Oroon \Vhitaker, was a native of Virginia, a soldier in the last war with Great Britain, came to Georgia in 1820, and settled in Putnam count}-. Mr. Whitaker's father was born in Putnam county, Nov. 7, 1825, and two years later came to Troup county with his parents, where he grew to manhood. For many years he was a large and prosperous merchant at West Point, with which he conducted a banking business. He was an enthusiastic politician, but never allowed his name to be used for office. He was a master Mason, and reputed to have been one of the brightest in the state. He was also an ardent member of the Baptist church. His mother was a daughter of Reuben and Mariah L. fVVinston) Thornton, natives of Virginia, who were among the pioneer settlers of Greene county, Ga. Her father was the first white man to run a boat on the Chattahoochee river, which he did conducting trade with the Indians. When he died he left a large and very valuable estate. Mr. Whitaker was reared and received a good common school education in West Point. With no patri mony he began life there as a clerk in a drug store, and in 1870 engaged in the dry goods trade, in which he continued two years. Abandoning mercantile life he turned his attention to farming, which he has followed since with satisfactory success, having a fine, excellently well-improved farm of 450 acres, and ranking high as a farmer and citizen. Mr. Whitaker was married in 1870 to Miss Dona Holston, born in Chambers county, Ala., daughter of Stanmore and Satira (Grigsby; Holston, natives of South Carolina, and pioneer settlers of Chambers county. Ten children have blessed this union: Wm. D., Reuben T., Carrie D., Mary'j., Stanmore, James H., Samuel H., O. D., Ira L. and Maria L. Himself and wife are members of the Baptist church, and he is a member of the Royai Arcanum.
IOHX T. WHITE, farmer, O'Xeal's Mills, Troup Co., Ga., son of W. M. and Louisa S- (Owens) White, was born in Jasper county, Ga., in 1826. His
grandfather, Samuel White, was born in Ireland, and came to the United States in 1795 and settled in the woods in Georgia, where he cleared the ground for a farm. He was six months crossing the ocean. Mr. White's father was born in what is now Jasper county, in 1806, and his 'mother was born in what is now Putnam county in 1805. His maternal grandfather, John N. Owens, v"- t^orn in

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Virginia, where he married a Miss Childs, and then came to Georgia and settled in what is now Putnam county, where he lived until 1829, when he removed to
Meriwether county. He was a volunteer soldier in the Creek Indian war of 1836. Mr. White was reared on the farm, schooled in the old-time "old field" dirt-floor log schoolhouse of that period. He followed farming until 1861, when he enlisted
in the Fannin guards, aftenvard Company B, Sixtieth Georgia regiment. With his command he was in many hard-fought battles, served through the entire war and surrendered at Appomattox. Although he did arduous service and ex perienced the dangerous exposures and hardships incident to war, he escaped
being wounded or captured. Of seven other brothers who entered the service only .four returned. He returned from the war without a dollar, but went to work at blacksmithing and worked at it for thirty years, and farmed in connection with working at his trade. His industry, economy and good management have worked out for him a good competency. He is now the owner of nearly 850 acres of good land, enough of it cleared to give him a splendid farm, whose good condition and substantial improvements will favorably compare with the best in the county. He is considered one of the best blacksmiths, a careful and successful fanner and as a citizen held in high esteem and worthy of the fullest confidence in all respects. Mr. White was married in 1863 to Miss Nannie Smith, daughter of J. A. and Mary (Thompson) Smith. Her father was born in Ireland, emi.grated to this country and settled in what is now Putnam county, Ga. When he married he went to housekeeping on a dirt-floor log cabin. His first bedstead was made by driving a forked stick in the ground. On this rested one end of the foot and side-rails, the other end of each inserted in holes bored in the logs of which the cabin was built. Boards were then laid on the rails and the bedstead was complete. Mr. Smith moved to Troup county in about 1832, and Mr. White's
wife was born within a mile of where she now lives. To Mr. and Mrs. White four children have been born: Elizabeth, Mary L., John W. and Virgil A. He has been a member of the masonic fraternity forty-five years and his wife is a member of the Primitive Baptist church.

A C. WILLIAMS, farmer, West Point, Troup Co., Ga., son of -David and
" Tabitha (White) Williams, was born in Meriwether county, Ga., in 1834. His grandfather on his father's side, Gabriel Williams, was a native of Wales, came to this country after the revolutionary war and was a soldier during the war
of 1812. Mr. Williams' father was born in Virginia, where he married and migrated to Edgefield district, S. C., where he lived until 1820, when he came in ox-carts to Georgia and settled in the woods in what is now Monroe county. He remained in Monroe county until about 1829, when he moved to Meriwether county, settled in the woods and cleared a farm. He was a blacksmith by trade and a skilled workman. Although he has been dead thirty-five years, there are axes of his make now in the surrounding country. Mr. Williams' mother was a daughter of Jonathan White, of a family of early settlers in this state. Mr. Williams was reared on the farm and educated in the common schools of the county, and on arriving at manhood engaged in farming. In 1862 he enlisted in Company E, Capt. Andrew, Forty-sixth Georgia regiment. Col. Colquitt. In 1863 he came home and not long afterward was elected captain of one of Gov. Brown's special companies. Subsequently he enlisted in the Third Georgia cavalry, which was under the command of Gen. Joe Wheeler, of Alabama. He was in many obstinately contested engagements, including- the battles around Atlanta, but was so fortunate as to escape being wounded or captured. After the surrender he resumed farming in Harris county, not far from West Point, in

934

MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

which he has been prosperous. He is enterprising and progressive, fully alive to the public interests, and a promoter of every movement which promises de
velopment and improvement. Mr. Williams was married in 1856 to Miss Sarah Lovelace, born and reared in Troup county, daughter of Lucius C. and Obedience (Robinson) Lovelace, by whom he has had five children: Lucius, Mary, Dora, Lizzie and Leila, who died soon after her marriage. Himself and wife are active and influential members of the Methodist church.

JAMES G. YOUXG, farmer, La Grange, Troup Co., Ga., son of Leonard H. and Rebecca (Leftridge) Young, was born in Talbot county, Ga., in 1830. His
paternal grandparents were natives of Virginia, whence they came to Georgia the latter part of the last century and settled in the woods in that portion of Wilkes, now Oglethorpe county, where his father was born in 1793. His maternal grand
parents were also natives of Virginia, who came to Georgia about the beginning of the present century. Mr. Young was reared on the farm and went to the schools kept in the historic log schoolhouse of the period. In 1862 he enlisted in Company C, Ferrell's battery of artillery, which was assigned to service under Gen.
Roddy, of Alabama. He remained in the service through the war, and was in many hard-fought battles and numerous skirmishes. He was in the battle at
Resaca, and almost continuously on duty in front of Gen. Sherman from there
to Atlanta. At the close of the war he came to Troup county and commenced farming, doing his first work in the old uniform he came out of the Confederate service with. Beginning in this way without a dollar he has by steady hard work, economy and a judicious use of his surplus earnings, become the owner of 1,200 acres of good land on the Chattahoochee river, and is one of the leading pros perous and progressive farmers of the county. Mr. Young was married in 1867
to Miss Martha J. Freeman, born and reared in Troup county, daughter of Jacob and Martha (Birdsong) Freeman, by whom he has had ten children: Emma C., James L., Clem J., Chas. \V., Martha R., Anna S., Frank R., Mary L., and Ethel and Estella (twins). Mr. Young is a master Mason and Mrs. Young is a mem ber of the Baptist church.

TWIGGS COUNTY.
A LLEN FRANKLIN BECKCOM. Among the most widely known and highly respected of the earlier settlers of Twiggs county stands the name of Wm.
Beckcom, the grandfather of the above-named gentleman. A native of Washing ton county, he came to Twiggs when quite a young man and bought large tracts of unimproved land, all of which he merged into one plantation. In time his possessions became very valuable, for in addition to his landed estates, he owned numerous mercantile establishments. Though not soliciting political favor he was largely instrumental in bestowing the same on many of his friends, among whom were numbered some of Georgia's most distinguished men. His death occurred April, 1839. His wife, who was Miss Dolly Nusum, a member of an old and prominent family of Georgia, died in 1829. Their family consisted of nine children: Sherwood, Amanda, Mary, Sarah, Alien and Solomon G., all deceased. Those living are: Simon N., removed to Texas, 1859; Susan, Mrs. Hardin T. Smith, and Laban. The last-named, the fourth child and twin of

TWIGGS COUNTY SKETCHES.

935

Sarah, is the father of Alien F. Beckcom, and was born Dec. 4,1808, in Washington
county, Ga. He was reared on the old family plantation and received such edu cation as the schools of that time afforded. Like his father, he followed the occupation of planter, and going to Twiggs county, he located on a plantation there. Married to Sarah, daughter of John Faulk, they became the parents of the following children: Amanda H., Mrs. Dr. Richardson; Alien F., W. H.,
Thomas and Susan, who are dead. Alien F. was born in Twiggs county Dec. 23, 1837. His school days were spent at Griffin, where he acquired a good edu cation. At the age of twenty-four he enlisted in James M. Folsom's company,
Twiggs volunteer infantry, but soon after active service began, illness caused his return home. After his recovery he became a member of the state troops and took active part in many engagements, having had command of a company at the battle of Griswoldville. The battle was particularly fierce, many being killed or wounded. However, good fortune attended Mr. Beckcom and he escaped without z wound. Returning from the war he settled on the plantation, and in 1868 was united in marriage to Mrs. Ella Johnson (nee Wiggin), daughter of Man,- S. and
W. W. Wiggin. One daughter came to bless the union, Ella G- Mr. Beckcom is a true democrat and a member of the M. E. church. He devotes his entire time
to the cultivation of his large plantation of 2,500 acres. He is spoken of as one of the most successful agriculturists in the county.

JAMES CLEMENTS BURNS was born March 7, 1840, and died Jan. 8, 1894. He was the son of James C. and Belle Burns. His father's death occurred in
1861, and his mother, whose maiden name was King, died in 1869. They left four sons and two daughters. Two of the sons, Joseph K and Francis M. Burns, and the two daughters, Mrs. G. A. Glover, and Mrs. F. B. Floyd, still survive them. The boyhood days of James C. Burns were passed on his father's plantation in Twiggs county, where he received a common school education. When older he attended school at Hot Springs, Miss. On returning home he became actively
engaged in farming, which he followed up to the time of his death, at which time he was farming on an extensive scale, and was one of the most prominent and successful planters in Twiggs county. In 1861 Mr. Burns married Mrs. Mary Ellen Hall, a daughter of Joseph Williams, a prominent planter of South Carolina. To this marriage no children were bom. At the time of his death he had accumu lated quite a large property, the result of a life of honesty and industry. Though not a professed member of any church, he lived an upright, exemplary life, ever
ready to contribute liberally to any charitable project, never turning a deaf ear to the appeals of the poor and needy, but always acting in a liberal but unosten tatious spirit; charitable and generous to a fault: a stanch defender of the right, and always frowning down and spurning corruptions and immorality in any and all places. In politics he was a lifelong democrat, and took an active interest in political matters, though he was in no way considered a politician. His wife, two
brothers and two sisters survive him.

("''APT. WM. E. CARSWELL, planter, Jeffersonville. This prominent citizen
of Twiggs county is a descendant of a family always, and wherever found, of wide influence and of fine character. The above gentleman's paternal grandsire.
Matthew Carswell, was a native of Jefferson county, Ga., his father before him having emigrated from Ireland. He was a planter of large means, his chief moral characteristic having been his intense loyalty to the Methodist church. He married and reared five children: James, Alexander, Wm. E.. Samuel M.. and Sarah. Of these Wm. E. was the father of Capt. Carswell. He was born in Jefferson county in 1807, received a superior education for those early times,

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MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

and was for many years a prominent educator in his section. He married Eliza beth J. Gilbert of Wilkinson county, who bore him five children: John, Rufus, Eugenia. James, and W. E.. four of whom died in infancy. William E. Carswell was a man of fine intellect and during his lifetime accumulated a fine property. He wa in political belief a disciple of Henry Clay, and a devoted member of the Missionary Baptist church. He died in Wilkinson county, where he had pa**ed his life, in 1887. Capt. William Edward Carswell was the youngest child ami was born Xov. 5, 1836. in Wilkinson county. He was educated at Jeffersonville academy, and lias passed his life as a planter. In 1861 he enlisted in the Carswell guards, a company so called in honor of his father, who equipped them at liis own expense. Third lieutenant at the outset, promotion soon came to liim and he led the company as us chief officer during the major part of the war, participating in a number of engagements, and received several serious wounds.
The principal engagement? were Malvern hill. Roan station, Gettysburg, where lie received a ball in his left leg. Petersburg, where he was again wounded, Sharpsbur.er. Cold harbor. Wilderness. Chancellorsville, and many minor engagements. Hi* marriage was consummated while on a furlough in 1863, Dec. 16, with Miss
Anna, daughter of John Chapman, of Twiggs county. He located in Twiggs county after the surrender, but soon returned to Wilkinson, where he remained until 1875. when he settled on the plantation he now cultivates. This consists
of 1.200 acres of choice land, which, togctiier with his other real estate interests, will aggregate thousands of ;icres. A democrat, but not a politician, Capt Carswell affiliates in religion with the Xew Providence Baptist church. A large and
interesting iamily of children have been and are being reared about his hearth stone, in whom the captain feels a just pride. Their names are: Eugenia, mar ried: Laura L.; Mattie M.. Mrs. Dr. W. A. Daniel, state physician during Gov. Xorthen's administration: Anna T.; Iverson C.; Elizabeth; Wm. R.; and Will iam E., Jr., deceased.

PEXIAH S. CARSWELL, Jeffersonville, for many years a practicing physician of this place, who devoted a lifetime to the amelioration of the ills of mankind,
died Tune I, 1895. mourned by all who were fortunate to know him. Dr. Carswell was born in Telfair county, Ga., Xov. 26, 1830, the son of Alex. Carswell.
The latter gentleman was born and reared in Louisville, Jefferson Co., while that
town was the capital of the state. He became a planter and later in life moved to Twiggs county, where he died in 1853. ^r- Carswell was but six years of age
when his parents removed to Twiggs county. This was in early days, indeed,
for Jeffersonville at that time had not even entered the mind of man. The town v/as*afterward laid out. and an academy established, the site being called Jeffer sonville in honor of a noted teacher of the county, Jefferson Bryant. The academy
v.as a marvel in its day. Here Dr. Carswell was reared and educated, and selecting medicine as a profession, began its systematic study. He graduated at Jefferson Medical college. Philadelphia, in 1851, but being conscientiously opposed to entering upon the active practice of so important a profession as that of medicine without thorough training, he continued in post graduate study until 1856, when lie located at a point now known as Allentown. After three years he removed to Tfcfft-rsonville. and afterward practiced from that point. The doctor was twice married and reared an interesting family of children of whom he was justly proud, they having received readily and creditably an excellent education. The doctor's fir^t consort was Carrie C. Sears, of Allentown, whom he married Aug. 26, 1858, while she was not yet fourteen, and who became the mother of five children:
Carrie Lela. Mrs. Jas. Evert: Eli S. (deceased): De Witt, Twiggs county; Robert. (deceased at fifteen); and Cornelia, Mrs. Win. Booth, Pulaski county. The mother

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937

of these children was called to her reward Nov. 19. 1880, and on Dec. 15, 1881, Miss Mattie R. Harrell became the doctor's wife. Although reared in the princi ples of whigism the doctor bowed with the best grace possible to the inevitable, and entered the democratic party after the war, and with which he affiliated till his death. Profoundly religious from his youth, he early united with the M. E. church, of which he was a faithful working member from his fourteenth year.

I RA E. DU FREE, a prominent physician of Twiggs county, comes of excellent lineage, of French extraction, and of a family conspicuous for estimable social
and mental characteristics. His father, Ira E., Sr., was born in Washington county, Ga., April 26, 1800. Not having the advantages of a good school he
yet applied himself with such assiduity as to perfect himself in several languages, being able to converse fluently in French, German and Latin. Strange to say, he also became noted as a mathematician, two branches in which one mind very seldom becomes proficient He studied medicine, and in a continuous practice from 1825 to 1869 became widely and most favorably known. He took great
interest in public questions and was a great admirer and defender of the principles of the great commoner, Henry Clay. He was elected to the senate in 1860, and in that body was the opponent of Joshua Hill for congress. A dead-lock ensued,
which was at last broken by one vote, giving the election to his opponent. He was for many years the president of the State Medical association, a fact which evidences the value set upon him by his peers. He was a man of superior oratorical attainments, of most commanding presence, standing six feet two
inches in his stocking feet and weighing 220 pounds. He died March 17, 1869, after a long and well spent life. His life was complemented rightly by the pres ence of a noble woman, Miss Travis Bryan, who was a daughter of John C. Bryan, a prominent member of the state legislature of North Carolina. She bore him children as follows, and died June 9, 1885: Ellen, now Mrs. M. J. Carswell, of Irvington, Ga.; James, a leading attorney and ex-member of the state legislature at Macon; Mattie, who became the wife of H. A. Snetting, of Atlanta; and Dr. Ira E. This last named gentleman was born Oct. 20, 1854. At twenty he was graduated from the Louisville Medical college, immediately after which he returned home and established himself in Twiggs county, where he rapidly gained in reputation, and built up a practice limited only by his powers of physical endur
ance. Ambitious of being complete master of his profession he went to New York in 1884 and attended a course at the Post Graduate Medical school in that
city; and in 1889 attended a course at and was graduated from the New York
Polyclinic. With his early and subsequent equipment he has practiced his pro fession for twenty-three years in a rural region, and had the rare success of accumulating a fortune. He is now located at Danville, where he also cultivates
a large plantation. The doctor was happily married to Fannie C., daughter of Dr. Richard D. Moore, of Athens, Ga., to whom have been born two bright chil
dren: Daniel Hughes, and Elliott Moore. In the matter of religion the house hold is somewhat divided, the doctor being a Baptist, while his wife is an Episco
palian. Though not a politician, the doctor takes a lively interest in the welfare
of the democratic partv, which elicits his hearty support.

ILLIAM JOEL HARRISOX, farmer and state senator from Twiggs county, where he was born Jan. 17, 1841, is the eldest son of Zachariah Harrison. He was reared on a plantation and had just reached manhood's estate when the great civil war broke out between the states. He enlisted as a private in Capt. Jas. Folsom's company, Company C. Fourth Georgia regiment, and left for the
front in the latter part of April,'1861. His first serious engagements were the

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MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

seven days* fight about Richmond, after which he participated in most of the hard-
fought battles engaged in by the army of Virginia: Fredericksburg, Antietam, South Mountain (where he received a wound Sept 7, 1862, crushing the right shoulder), Chancellorsville (where his clothing was riddled with balls, and where he received a saber wound across the forehead), Gettysburg, Hagerstown, Mine Run and the Wilderness. In this latter battle he received two severe wounds in the same leg at the same instant, which disabled him from further service, he having to use crutches the remainder of the war, and from which, indeed, he has never fully recovered. Like thousands of other brave soldier boys, Mr. Harrison at the end of the war found himself penniless and with a shattered constitu tion to take up the battle for bread. But with that dauntless spirit exhibited on many a battlefield he took hold with a will and gradually gathered the competency which now makes him comfortable. He has always confined his attention to agricultural pursuits, and now cultivates a 5oo-acre plantation, well stocked and housed. Mr. Harrison has manifested a keen interest in the interests of the demo cratic part}-, and in season and out has given it his hearty and intelligent support. This service was rewarded in 1891 with an election to the legislature to fill an unexpired term and by re-election for the full term in 1892. In 1894 he was elected to the senate. The marriage of Mr. Harrison and Georgia Ann Martin, daughter of \V. J. and Mary F., was solemnized in Twiggs county Oct. 5, 1865. But one child resulted from this union--a daughter--Mary, who lived but three years. The Harrison family is from Xorth Carolina, where Zachariah Harrison \vas born and reared near Smithfield. Elizabeth, daughter of Hardy Avery, be came his wife, and in 1832 they removed to Wilkinson county, Ga., locating near Gordon. Subsequently they moved over into Twiggs, where they lived out a useful life, the father dying in 1852, and the mother in 1857. The living children are: Wm. Joel, Zachariah. Richard L., Frances--Mrs. W. J. Hardison and Mrs. Stevens. Mr. Harrison is a man of genial social qualities and has that intelligent apprehension of the questions before the public which secures to him the suf frages of his people whenever he comes before them. He is unquestionably one of Twiggs' best citizens.

M. HUGHES. Any mention of the leading men of middle Georgia
would be incomplete without a sketch of this stirring and successful pro moter. for such he must be known to an appreciative posterity. Col. Hughes is
probably best known in connection with the successful engineering of the M. D. it S. railroad to completion, though he has been equally as active in other lines.
To him is due a large amount of the favorable advertising his section has received as a fruit-growing country, and his efforts have secured a large amount of tinnorthern capital which of late years has been so liberally invested in middle Georgia. In connection with his duties as vice-president of the M. D. & S. rail road. it is due him to say that while he has placed this new institution on a firm basis, he is also actively interested in a large naval store and turpentine farm in I^aurens county, a i,2OO-acre, 9O,ooo-tree fruit orchard and has at his home at Danville station. Twiggs Co., a large and thrifty nursery. As a promoter and general hustler. Col. Hughes has few equals. He is a very thorough business man and a gentleman whose social qualities make him deservedly popular. He
is the son of Daniel G. Hughes and was born Oct. 10, 1848, in Twiggs county. His vouth was passed on his father's plantation, his education being received in the country schools and later at the university of Georgia, Athens. He began his business life in 1870 and has since conducted large agricultural interests. Nov.
25. 1873. lie wedded Mary Frances, daughter tjf Capt. Hugh L. Dennard, men-

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93>

tion of whom is made elsewhere. Three children have come to their home: Hugh Lawson, Daniel G., Jr., and Hennie Lou, all of whom are living.

U W. M'CREARY, merchant, of Jeffersonville, was born March 28, 1858, in * Talbot county. He is the son of Wm. McCreary, who was born in Jones
county, Ga., in 1813, and married Nancy Cox, of the same county. Their family consisted of Burgess, who was killed in the war; Josephine; W. Augustus, de ceased; Nannie, deceased; J. W., Butler, Ga.; Lee, now Mrs. Gus Cook, Talbot county, Ga.; H. W.; Emmett S.; Alice A., and Charles. H. W. McCreary was reared on a plantation and at the age of eighteen began his business career as a clerk in a mercantile establishment. In 1879 he embarked in a business of his own, which he has continued with varied success and at different places to the present time. He located at Jeffersonville in 1886 and has since conducted a mercantile business. Mr. McCreary is a democrat, but takes only a voting in terest in politics. The marriage of Mr. McCreary was celebrated in Twiggs county, Jan. 8, 1880, when Martha J. Chapman became his wife. Mrs. McCreary is a member of an old and honored family, a brief outline of which is appended: She is the daughter of John and Mary (Carleton) Chapman. John Chapman was the grandson of William Chapman, a centenarian soldier of the revolu tionary war, and of Edmund Burke, an emigrant from Ireland, was born in Twiggs county, Ga., Jan. 6, 1820, and died Oct. 8, 1892. He was among the most prosperous and successful planters in his county, both before and subse quent to the civil war, as well as one of her most useful and esteemed citizens. Perhaps not one was more esteemed for energy, industry and integrity of character by business men with whom he had dealings. His home \vas and is one of culture and refinement, the mothers of his children (for he was several times married) showing the deepest and most active maternal interest in the education and training of his children, for which they were nobly fitted. John Chapman \vas the father of nine children, to the most of whom he gave a liberal educa tion. Those surviving are William T. Chapman, of Whigham, Ga.: Mrs. W. E. Carswell and Mrs. H. W. McCreary, of Twiggs county; Prof. C. B. Chapman, principal of the boys' and girls' high school, Macon, Ga.; Dr. G. E. Chapman, of Pulaski county, Ga., and Paul Herbert and Lucy Carleton Chapman, who reside with their widowed mother at the old homestead. Paul H. ably illustrates his father's business qualities. Of the deceased children. John Iverson died a youthful soldier in the civil war and John Edwards in the beginning of a promis ing business career, for which he received his preparation and training at the Eastman Business college, Poughkeepsie, N. Y. Mrs. McCreary descends from distinguished colonial and revolutionary stock, her great-grandfather on her mother's side, Jeremiah Carleton. of Vermont, having participated in the French and Indian and in the revolutionary wars, and of three great-grand-uncles one was killed in the battle of Bunker Hill, a second was a member of Gen. Washington's life guard, and a third, Capt. Osgood Carleton, was employed by the government to transport about $40,000,000 between Philadelphia and New England. And a first cousin, Judge Hiram Carleton, Montpelier, Yt. is president of the Vermont Historical society. Five bright and interesting children crowned the union of Mr. and Mrs. McCreary, three of whom--Walter H.. Mattie L. and Lucy A.--are living, and two--Anna L. and John W.--are deceased.

JSAAC NEWTON MAXWELL, merchant and planter, Danville, Twiggs Co.. Ga., is clearly entitled to representation in these volumes. From poverty and
obscurity as a young man he has, unaided, taken position both financially ami

040

MEMOIRS OP GEORGIA.

socially among the best men of his county. His people were from the old tar-heel state, where his father, Uriah, was born in 1806, the son of Wm. Maxwell, he being of Irish-Swiss extraction. Uriah married Mary A. Walkins and moved to Twiggs count}', where a family of eight children were reared. A daughter and three sons died in youth, the latter during the war, either in battle bravely defending their southland, or of disease contracted in the service. The four children living are: Mrs. Luanda Kennington, Charity, Susan and Isaac, all in Twiggs county. The last-named was born Sept. 22, 1847. The war found him still in his "teens" with a limited education, but loyal to his section, and anxious to do battle for an idea. He became a member of Capt B. D. Lusman's company, which went out from Macon, and served faithfully to the end of the war. With naught but his two hands and a willing heart, in 1865, he began the new battle, this time with the world, which is yet on, though he has long had the enemy on the run. As a tiller of the soil on rented land, then as overseer of the large plantation of D. M. Hughe=, and subsequently as an owner himself, he has continued to prosper, has reared and is educating an interesting family, and as before remarked, has taken position in the front rank of the best families of his section. He added merchan dising to his farming interests in 1890, and has met with good success in the venture. He is in politics a democrat and in faith a Baptist. Is a great reader of good literature and has thus added to the limited education received in his youth. In 1865 Mr. Maxwell was joined in matrimony to Mary J. Champion, to whom has been born the following children: Lula, Mrs. J. C. Johnson, Leona, John T., Harvey H., Oscar X. and Edgar E.

CARAH M. XEWBY. The grandfather of the above-named lady came to Georgia in 1791. He was a farmer and a native of Maryland. Married to
Elizabeth Goss, of Elbert county, Ga., he became the father of sixteen children, eleven of whom reached maturity--five sons and six daughters. His death oc curred in 1843. The fourth daughter, Xancy, born in 1813, became the wife of William H. Andrews, of South Carolina. Mr. Andrews was born in 1803, and when quite a young boy entered the Baltimore navy yard as an apprentice. After serving his full time, in 1824 he came to Georgia, locating in Twiggs county. From there he went to Dooly county, where he erected a large saw and gristmill. He died in 1844, and his widow married John G. Overtree, both now de ceased. Four children were 1x>rn to the first marriage: I. R., Gadson county, I-'la.; Elizabeth and Mary J.. deceased, ?.nd Sarah M., Mrs. Newby. Mrs. Newby was born Feb. 3. 1836, ir Houston county and reared in Twiggs county. In .'856 she married William E. Hunter, of Ft. Valley, who died at twenty-eight. To this union two children were lx.>rn: William E. and William J., a daughter. The last-named married Jackson Xcwby and at her death left seven children, five of whom Mrs. Xewby reared. A second marriage was solemnized, Mrs. Newby becoming the wife of liryant Asbell, son of John and Abigail Asbell, of South Caro lina, who were among the early settlers of Twiggs county. He was a man well known and of most excellent character. By this union four sons were born, three of whom are living: Clayton M., Bartow 1". and liryant. Mr. Asbell was born in 1813. was a democrat in jjolitics and died at the age of sixty-one. He was a man of deep religious convictions and of a singularly perfect character as re gards morals, ifrs. Xewby's third marriage, which occurred Oct. 31, 1869, was
to Hilliard A. Xewby, who died March 13, 1890. His father came to Georgia in 1814 and reared three sons: U.S., T. R. and Josiah Newby. To Mr. and Mrs. H. S. Xewby were born the following children: Jessie J., Benjamin S., James C., Sarah M.. Man- K.. Maud X. and Kfitc L., Uie last-named killed in an accident

TWIGGS COUNTY SKETCHES.
when three years old. Mr. H. S. Newby had ten children by a first marriage and eight by his marriage to the subject of this Memoir. Sixteen of these lived to be grown. There are living thirty-nine of his grandchildren and six great-grand children. Mr. Newby was converted at seventeen years of age and lived in re ligious faith for eight years. He afterward strayed from the fold, but before his death found hope in forgiveness as did he who came in at the eleventh hour and received full wages, and died perfectly happy trusting in our Lord as his savior. Mrs. Newby has assisted in rearing forty-two children, nineteen of whom were step-children and fifteen of her own. She has reared six sons--three Asbells and three Newbys--all married but two. One of these, F. B. Asbell, is a Baptist preacher, given to her, she says, in answer to her prayer. Mrs. Newby is grand mother of fourteen children and great-grandmother of one son. A large planta tion of 2,000 acres is conducted by her boys. It is not an uncommon thing to hear of a double wedding, but in Mrs. Newby's family occurred a singular wedding, two of her daughters and one son being married on the same day. The members of the family are Baptists. Mr. Newby was a Methodist and a democrat
AXflLLIAM O'DANIEL. Well-known to the medical profession of Georgia as a man and physician, for his good qualities and high mental attainments,
is Dr. William O'Daniel, of Twiggs county. He was born May 2, 1839, in that county, and has always lived there, excepting four years' residence in Atlanta, when holding a public position. His grandfather was born in Ireland and set tled in Georgia when Daniel O'Daniel, his father, was born. Daniel O'Daniel lived all his life in Twiggs county, dying there, aged sixty-five years. Dr. O'Daniel received his education in the "old field'' schools of Twiggs county, and at Auburn institute, taught by James E. Croslend, located near his home. He then taught several years in Marion academy in Twiggs county. In 1862 he laid down the ruler and the rod and enlisted in the Confederate service as a non commissioned officer in the commissary department, in Col. D. G. Hughes' regi ment. After the war he continued the study of medicine, which he had begun when officiating as an educational instntctor, and in 1866 was graduated from the Atlanta Medical college. He returned to his old home in Twiggs county, where he has since practiced his profession. Dr. O'Daniel is a member of the State Medical association, of which he is ex-president: a member of the American Medical association, of the Tri-state (Georgia, Alabama and Tennessee) Medical association, member of the National Association of Railway Surgeons, was a member of the Ninth International Medical congress, and was a delegate from Georgia in 1893 to the Pan-American Medical congress, which met in Washing ton, D. C. He has frequently been a delegate from Georgia to the meetings of the American Medical association, and is a member of the Macon Medical associa tion. Dr. O'Daniel has been a frequent contributor to medical journals, princi pally the "Atlanta Medical and Surgical Journal.'' and has read many valuable papers before the State Medical association. He received the honorary degree of A. M. some years ago from Emory college of Oxford, Ga., and the degree of M. D. from the medical department of the university of Georgia, located at Au gusta, and the honorary degree of M. D. from the Kentucky school of medicine in 1885. Dr. O'Daniel for many years solicited by friends to permit his name to be used for public office, always declined, but finally gave in in 1875, when he was elected state senator from the twenty-first senatorial district, serving during the sessions of 1875-76-77. He also served two years as clerk of the superior court of Twiggs county. In April, 1891. Dr. O'Daniel was appointed by Gov. Xorthen principal physician to the state penitentiary, which position he held until

MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.
the spring of 1895, when he resigned and returned to his farm. The compliment of his selection was of the dignity of an honor, as there were a number of candidates for the position. Dr. O'Daniel gave an excellent administration, his wide experience and professional skill, together with his kind nature, enabling him to effect several reforms which have long been commended by humanitarians and the national prison reform congress. He is a Knight Templar Mason and for many years was worshipful master of Twiggs lodge No. 164, F. & A. M. He also belongs to Constantine chapter Xo. 4, royal arch Masons, and St. Omar commander}- Xo. 2, Knight Templars. He is a steward of Beech Spring Metho dist church in Twiggs count}-. Dr. O'Daniel was wedded Nov. 4, 1860, to Eliza beth M., daughter of Henry Sand, a leading farmer of Twiggs county, and to them were born two sons and one daughter, who now survive. His sons are Dr. Mark H. O'Daniel, of Macon, who was for eight years assistant physician in the insane asylum at Milledgeville, and Dr. William O'Daniel, who succeeded his brother to the place mentioned. His daughter is Miss Mollie L., who was grad uated from the Wesleyan Female college at Macon. A fine country residence is the home of this eminent citizen and physician who, when desirous of freeing himself from the exactions of a public career, can find retirement by his fireside and the enjoyment of all the pleasures and contentment of a happy domestic life.
1 OHX CAREY SHAXXOX, planter of Jeffersonville, Ga., was born in Columbia, Mo., July 22, 1853. His father, James Shannon, was born in 1799 in Ire
land, and in 1821 came to Liberty county, Ga. He there began a career which proved to be one of exceptional usefulness, through a period of years ending in 1859. He had been well educated in the Royal institute at Belfast, and at the time of his coming to America was preparing for the ministry in the Presbyterian church. He is described at that time as being "quite youthful in appearance, very affable and refined in manners, and deeply pious. He was fond of company and took*great pleasure in vocal and instrumental music, being an excellent perfi rmer on the violin." He was very popular as a preacher and teacher. He acted a? assistant at the Sunbury academy the first year and in the fall of 1822 took sole charge. As stated, he was preparing for the ministry of the Presbyterian church, and the presbytery had set the time for his ordination. It had been sug gested to him by his pastor, Dr. McWhir, to select for his ordination sermon "Was John's Baptism Christian Baptism?'' In his study of this theme, and in his preparation for the sermon, the young professor succeeded in thoroughly convincing himself that he should be ordained to the Baptist ministry, rather than the Presbyterian, and so announced his determination, much to the surprise of his friends. He was baptised soon after, and was received regularly into the Baptist ministry. He taught and preached until 1825 in Liberty county and then took regular work in Augusta, where he preached four years, receiving the largest salary ever given to a Baptist minister of Georgia up to that date, and also taught as principal of Richmond academy. He was then elected to the chair of ancient languages in Franklin college, Athens, Ga., being the first Baptist to hold a position in that institution. Serving in that capacity several years, he was then made president of the state university of Louisiana at Jackson, and later of Bacon college at Haroldsburg, Ky. From this place he removed to Columbia, Mo., where he acted as president of the state university until his death, which occurred in February of 1859. Of h'm ^e RCV- J- H. Campbell, who knew him intimately, says: "He was the best general scholar I have ever known. He took most ] -kasure in the dead languages, but there was no field of literature, nor a branch of science, with which he was not familiar." Iji the fall of 1823 he was married to Evelina Dunham. in Liberty county, and they became the parents of three chil-

TWIGGS COUNTY SKETCHES.

943

dren, only one now living, Mrs. Ann M. Douglass, of Columbia, Mo. His wife
died at Jackson, La., November, 1836, and in the following June of 1837 he was married to Miss Frances Carey Moore, daughter of Alsa Moore, of Athens, Ga., and by this union are the following living children: Dr. Richard Shannon, of
Joplin, Mo., eight years state superintendent of public schools of that state; John C, Jeffersonville, Ga.; L. D., of Jeffersonville, Ga.; and Mrs. W. N. White, of Centralia, Mo. The mother of these children died in March of 1865, and both
parents lie buried at Columbia, Mo. John C. Shannon was reared in Columbia. After his mother's death he came to Georgia, and entered the employ of Col.
Daniel Hughes, of Twiggs county, with whom he remained a number of years, finally settling on the beautiful plantation he now cultivates. Dec. i, 1878, he married Virginia F., daughter of Wm. Faulk. This gentleman now lives with
Mr. Shannon. He was born in Twiggs county Aug. i, 1822, and is the son of Mark Faulk. During the late war he served in the state legislature, and relates
many incidents of that stirring time. He married Virginia Solomon, a daughter of Henry Solomon. She died in 1861, the mother of three children, of whom Mrs. Shannon and another sister survive. To Mrs. Shannon have been born
six children, of whom there are five living: J. C., Jr., Ethel B., Wm. F., Jas. S., and Laura. Mr. Shannon is one of the most extensive planters in the county, and also a leading factor in its public life; is a democrat in politics, and a member
of the Christian church.

IENOIR DOUGLAS SHANNON, lawyer, Jeffersonville, Ga. This gentleman is the son of Dr. James Shannon, for long years a leading educator of the
south and later of Missouri, mention of whom is made elsewhere, and was born in Canton, Mo., April 30, 1860. He was reared in Columbia, Mo., and there received his early education at Christian college. Later he attended the academy
at Cabaniss, Monrpe Co., Ga., and the state university of Missouri, and thence came to Jeffersonville, where he was admitted to the bar in 1886. He has since pursued his profession with a marked degree of success. Though not a politician
in the sense of seeking office Col. Shannon is looked upon as a man of note in his county and with a future before him. In 1888 he was chosen by the democratic electors to represent his district in the senate of the state, and did so in the follow ing sessions with marked ability. He later served on the state democratic execu tive committee; the senatorial democratic executive committee; and also on the county executive committee. He, however, displays greater interest in the prac tice of his profession, and is rapidly acquiring a state-wide reputation. He bids fair to honor the name of his illustrious father.

JOHN GEORGE SLAPPEY. Robert Rutherford Slappey, the father of the
above, was a native of Jasper county, Ga., and was born May 5, 1813. His mother soon after the death of his father moved to Twiggs county, and here Robert R. was reared and received his education. He married Miss Martha, daughter of Matthew Exum, who, having borne him two children, one of whom is living and resides in Twiggs county, died. To his second marriage eight children were born, four of whom are living: R. R., Mark F., Henry Hubbard, and John G. The wife of the second marriage was Mary, daughter of Mark and sister of Wm. Faulk. Mr. Slappey took an active interest in politics, and was for several years a member of the state legislature. He was among the foremost men of his county and assisted in the development which made Twiggs county among the most prosperous in the state, prior to the war. He was an old time whig, and for many years the only citizen of Twiggs county who was the son of a revolutionary soldier. By economy and industry he amassed quite a property

I

944

MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

during his life, and at the time of his death, which occurred Nov. 15, 1890, he

was considered one of the wealthiest men of his section. John George Slappey

was born in Twiggs county February, 1854. He had the best educational advan-

:

tages the state afforded, and is a graduate of the Atlanta Medical college. In

1875 he located in his native county and began the practice of medicine, which

i

profession he still follows. He is a very successful practitioner, and has estab

lished an en-viable reputation for himself both as a physician and a citizen. Aside

1

from his practice he has the care of a plantation of some 300 acres. Married to

(

Anna, daughter of Henry Carter, he became the father of three children: Mark

;

F., Henry C., and John G- The mother died November, 1892. A second mar

riage was solemnized--the wife of this instance being a daughter of Capt John

A. Coffee (see sketch elsewhere). One child has been born to this union, Mary

Anna.

DOBERT R. SLAPPEY. This gentleman is the eldest of eight children of

Robert R. Slappey, and was born in March of 1845. He was reared in his

native count}- of Twiggs and received but an ordinary schooling. In 1861, when

the call came for men to fight for the rights and protect the homes of the southern

people, he was among the first to respond by enlistment. A member of the

Twiggs guards under Capt. Barclay, he participated in some of the most hotly

contested battles of the war, Yorktown, Wilderness, Spottsylvania, Richmond,

;

Malvern Hill and Fredericksburg being among the most important of these. In

I

1863, on account of ill health, he was discharged, but again enlisted after four

months as a member of Company E, Hampton cavalry of Bibb county, and

served till the close of the war. After the surrender he returned home, and in

November of 1865 he accepted the position of agent of the Southern Express

company, and of the then E. T., V. & G. railroad, in which capacity he still serves,

much to his credit and the satisfaction of his employers. He also conducts a

plantation of 2,500 acres. By the good management of Mr. Slappey, his father's

estate, which at the close of the war was in an impoverished condition, was saved

.

to the family. He is one of the substantial democrats of his county, and in faith a

j

Methodist His wife was Miss Virginia Nelson of Twiggs county. She is a

daughter of John A. Nelson of that county, who is very highly esteemed as a

>

citizen and neighbor. To the marriage, which occurred in January of 1865, six

;j.

children have been born: Mary Lou, Wm. F., John Nelson, Robert R., Virginia

i

P., and Jarrot M., who died in infancy.

\^M. L. SOLOMON. This gentleman is justly regarded as among the lead-

<

ing citizens of Twiggs county, having been for years intimately associated

]

with all movements intended to promote its prosperity. The family were origi

nally from North Carolina, from which state they located in what is now Twiggs

county in the latter part of the last century. James, the father of Wm. L., was

j

born here in 1800 and reared on a plantation. At eighteen he packed his all in a

j

bandana handkerchief, and started out to see what the world contained for him.

j

Going to Marion county, he entered a store as a clerk, of which he later became

,

a part owner. He merchandised for some sixteen years, then bought a farm in



Twiggs county and passed the remainder of his days in cultivating the soil. He

;

married Frances, daughter of William and Mary E. Crocker, and reared a

:

family of five children: James C., died during the late war; Cindarilla, deceased

j

wife of Paul Tarver; William L.: Josephine, widow of C. R. Faulk, Perry, Ga.;

t

Carey E.. Montgomery county. Ga. The father died while still in his prime, the

mother subsequently marrying H. L. Denard, by whom she had two children:



Ervin and Mary. Mrs. Denard was a woman of shrewd business sense, and by

TWIGGS COUNTY SKETCHES.

945

her energy and good judgment quite a competency was accumulated. She died in
1888. William L. Solomon was born in Twiggs county, Jan. 31, 1834. He was educated at Emory college, attaining to the senior class, but not finishing the course. He began farming the year before his majority and has been true to his first love with such persistency and intelligence as to place him in the front rank of the agriculturists of middle Georgia; but as to theory and practice he cultivates some i,600 acres at present, and owns lands in adjoining counties aggregating some 3,000 acres. Politically Dr. Solomon favors the democratic party, but cares
nothing for the emoluments of office. He is a stanch Baptist, being a deacon in his local organization--Richland church. The marriage of Wm. L. Solomon and Miss A. E. Fitzpatrick was happily consummated in Twiggs county. Mrs.
Solomon is a daughter of John Fitzpatrick and was reared in the county ot her birth. They became the parents of four children: John F., Jeffersonville, a farmer; Jones C, a Baptist minister, South Macon; William W., superintendent
gin factor)', Marseyville; Mary, wife of E. Jones (deceased). These children were all given the advantage of a collegiate course of study, and are filling honored positions in society.

. B. TARVER. Twiggs county does not contain within her borders representatives of a more illustrious name than the one here mentioned, this gentleman being the son of the noted Gen. Hartwell Hill Tarver, who was a prominent military officer of the state during the 4o's. Gen. Tarvor was born
and reared in Old Dominion state, Brunswick county, and was a descendant of a family of seven brothers and two sisters who came to America in colonial days, the seven brothers participating in the revolutionary war on the patriot side. In
young manhood Gen. Tarver became a resident of Twiggs county and rapidly accumulated an immense property in lands and slaves. Always of a military turn of mind, it was not until 1842 that he took any prominent part, at which time his ability was recognized by his election by the legislature of the state to be general of all of the militia of Georgia, then a very prominent and important factor in the public life of the state. Gen. Tarver continued in the public eye with acceptability from that time until his death, which occurred in 1852, in Twiggs
county. Gen. Tarver was twice married, his first wife having been Miss Ann Wimberly, a sister of Dr. Henry Wimberly, of Jeffersonville. of whom mention is
made elsewhere. Their children were Dolly, whose romantic marriage to the late Gen. Colquitt is well remembered; Paul: Henry; Fred, and John. All of these are deceased save Henry, who lives in Albany, Ga. The second marriage was to Harriet, daughter of Henry and Nancy Bunn, who had emigrated to Georgia from North Carolina. Two children blessed this union: William B., the gentleman
whose name introduces this sketch, and Benjamin M., a resident of Chattanooga, Tenn. This wife outlived the general some seventeen years, dying in 1879. Botn lie buried in Twiggs county. Wm. B. Tarver was born May 23, 1844, in Twiggs county. He was in college in Virginia when the war cloud burst, and hastening
home he enlisted as a volunteer when but seventeen years of age in Gen. Hamp ton's cavalry command, in which he served the entire four years. He participated in nearly every pitched battle of the war, and surrendered at High Point, N. C, with Wade Hampton's brigade. In 1863, while home on a furlough, he was joined in matrimony to Miss Laura Wimberly, a daughter of Dr. Henry W., before mentioned. But one child resulted in this union, Caroline, now the wife of G. W.
Jordan, Jr., of Pulaski county. Mr. Tarver's first wife died in 1868, his present consort having been Annie P. Weaver, daughter of Wm. M. and Lucia F. Weaver, of Selma, Ala., descended from Gen. Weaver of revolutionary fame. Six children
blessed this union: Lucia H., Hartwell Hill, Benjamin M., Jr., Wm. B., Jr., Roseline n-80

946

MEMOIRS OP GEORGIA.

T. and Ann AY. Mr. Tarver is a. worthy son of a worthy father, being held in high esteem in the community where he has long resided. He cultivates a plantation of 2,600 acres, and does it in such a manner as to secure him the repu tation of being one of the best planters in the county. Democracy secures his suffrage, and the Methodist church his moral and financial support

JOHX S. YAUGHX, an ex-representative of the legislature, and at present post master, merchant and farmer at Vaughn, postoffice, Twiggs Co., was born in
me same county Feb. 11, 1852. He has spent his entire life in agricultural pursuits, and deserves much credit for the success which has attended him. He operates landed interests aggregating 1,000 acres. In 1894 he became the nomi nee of his party for the legislature, and was easily elected over his populist opponent. He is a democrat of the old school, and is doing himself and his counU- credit in the important position to which he was chosen. Mr. Vaughn has been twice married. Emma J. Armstrong, daughter of J. H. of Pulaski county, became his wife March n, 1875, and to them were born six children, four of whom are living: John H., Herschel J., Sallie E. and Wm. T. The mother
of these children died March 25, 1889, and Jan. 13, 1891, Mr. Vaughn married his present wife, Susie E., daughter of Felix Johnson, of Twiggs county. Sur rounded with an interesting family, with political honors and financial success attending him, Mr. Vaughn has much to look forward to in life.

I R. WIMBERLY is a native of Twiggs count}-, was born in November of 1843, " and is the son of J. R. Wimberly, Sr. His earlier education turned toward a course in civil engineering, but at the opening of the civil war his father entered the service and he remained at home with his mother. However, in 1863, he too enlisted in the state militia. At the close of the war he became a physician, his father having been a very successful practitioner. In 1869 he located in Jeffersonville and has since resided there. His wife Adelaide was the daughter of Rev. \V. R. Steely and granddaughter of James Steely, a revolutionary patriot. Their marriage took place in November, 1866. To them were born eight chil dren: Fred C: T. R.: Albert; Lucy G., now Mrs. Wall; and Mary; three died in infancy. The mother of these children died Oct. 6, 1890. She was a woman of many virtues, a devoted wife and indulgent mother, and a kind neighbor. Her loss was felt by all who knew her. Mr. Wimberly is a consistent member of the Baptist church, of which he is a deacon. He was elected ordinary of the county in 1885, and has held the office for ten years, much to the satisfaction of the people of Twiggs. Mr. Wimberly comes of an old and highly respected Georgia family, whose different members have occupied positions of honor and trust throughout the state. He himself is a man of the most unbending integrity, and does much to refute that oft-repeated old expression that "the good men died with the demise
of our fathers."
pAPT. FREDERICK DAVIS WIMBERLY, deceased, was born in Houston county, March 23, 1840, and removed with his parents to Twiggs county when
he was four years old. He was graduated from Mercer university, and in 1860 was married to Miss Isrelene Minter, a daughter of Col. Wm. F. Minter, who was sixtv years old when killed in the last battle of the late war. Capt. Wimberly responded to the first call for troops in South Carolina and was elected second lieutenant in Gen. Tarver's command. He served through the entire war and \vas promoted after the battle of Sharpsburg to captain for gallantry on the field. Six children were born to them: Col. W. M. Wimberly, Dr. Warren Wimberly, Mr;. Richard D. Campbell, of Atlanta, Miss Clara, Jsrolene; Fred, Jr., died in

TWIOOS COUNTY SKETCHES.

947

youth. Capt Wimberly died July 16, 1893. Mrs. Wimberly is a lady of intelli gence and considerable literary ability.

f)R. HENRY S. WIMBERLY. Fred Davis Wimberly was a native of North *^ Carolina. He was the father of the following children: Ezekiel, Henry, Moses, J. R., Fred Davis, Betsy A., Allie L., all of whom are dead. Ezekiel was born Jan. 4, 1781, and died in 1825. He settled in Washington county, Ga., when a young man of twenty-three years and became a planter. He married Dorothy B., daughter of Henry Slappey, who was a revolutionary soldier and a native of Holland. To this union there were born Annie R., who became the wife of Gen. Tarver of Twiggs county; Fred D., Henry S., Eliza R. and Dorothy M. The last two died in youth. The mother of these children died hi February'of 1817. The wife of his second marriage was Miss Rebecca C. Jones, who became the mother of six children, all of whom are dead. The father of these and our subject, Henry .S., located in what is now Twiggs county in 1808. He started in moderate circum stances and very rapidly accumulated vast wealth. He lived a very quiet life, was of a religious turn of mind, and very highly respected. He was captain of militia and in politics an old-time whig. He died Aug. 5, 1825, of yellow fever. Henry S. Wimberly, the gentleman whose name heads this sketch, was born March 26, 1812. His education was obtained in Jasper county, where was located the only academy in the surrounding country. After his father's death he resided for one year at Tarversville with Gen. Tarver. He then attended the medical college at Augusta, Ga., and was one of seven pupils. In 1832 he graduated from the medical college of Philadelphia, Penn., and located in Twiggs county. He at once began the practice of medicine, but after two years he turned his attention to farming in Houston county, where he owned a large plantation and a number of slaves. After a few years he disposed of this plantation and purchased 1,500 acres in Twiggs county, where he resides. His wife was a daughter of Hardy and Sabra Durham. To her were born the following: John R., of Arkansas: Fred Davis, of Pulaski county: Mary Eliza, of Wilcox county; Henry of Telfair county; Lula P. resides at home. The mother of these children died in 1864. His second marriage was to Mrs. E. L. Wharton. Their children are Wm. F. and Ezekiel P., who died Nov. 6, 1892, and two others died in infancy. The doctor has retired from active life and is enjoying the result of a life of industry and well-directed agricultural effort. A democrat of the old school he is in sectarian belief a Methodist, of which denomination he has long been an honored member.

C AMUEL WADE YOPP was born May 12, 1854, and is a native of Laurens county, Ga., where he was reared. His education was such as to enable him to
become a successful planter, and he was received at the Dublin academy. When a young man he and his brother conducted the large plantation of their grand father for many years. Afterward he became identified with the milling industry in Twiggs county. Having for some time successfully conducted a plantation for D. M. Hughes, he removed to his own, which he has since profitably man aged. In August of 1886, he married Ellen Elizabeth, daughter of Robt. A. Hill, of Twiggs county, a native of North Carolina. To this marriage have been born three children: Nellie Francis, Myrtle and Robert Hut. Mr. Yopp is a thorough democrat and was in 1894 a candidate for the legislature, the opposing candidate being elected by a very small majority. He and his wife are members of the Missionary Baptist church, and stand well in the church and community in which they live. The grandfather, Samuel Yopp, was a native of North Carolina, and when but a young man located on a plantation in Laurens county, near Turkey creek. He married Elizabeth Hauslv, who was also a native of North Carolina.

MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.
They became the parents of four children. By industry and good management he became a man of great wealth--one of the "southern lords" of ante-bellum days. His hospitality was known throughout southern Georgia. John W. Yopp, the eldest of his children, and father of S. W. Yopp, was born in Laurens county in 1823. He had superior educational advantages and became a prominent planter. He passed his entire life a citizen of his native county. For a number of terms he represented his county in the legislature and during the war was state senator from that district. He was a Mason and in politics an old-time democrat and a member of the Baptist church, of which he was a most faithful worker for the society. He was a man of influence and died in 1868, honored and respected by all who knew him. His wife, a native of Laurens county, is the daughter of Wade Hampton, of that county, he being a member of that distinguished family in Virginia. She is the mother of the following children: J. H., of Laurens county; Ellen Frances, widow of A. E. Corbett; S. W., whose name heads this sketch; Carroll H., Laurens county, and Elizabeth F. and Samuel, both deceased. Mrs. Yopp is still living and is a resident of Laurens county.

UPSON COUNTY.

AMILLIAM B. ADAMS, a prominent farmer, Upson county, Ga., son of W.

L. and Frances (Dumas) Adams, was born in Monroe county, Ga., in 1849.

His great-grandfather, Nipper Adams, of English descent, was a citizen of North

Carolina during the revolutionary war and a soldier in the patriot army. While

he was thus absent a tory neighbor abused his family. When informed of it by his

wife on his return he lost no time in seeking and killing the tory, and not long

1

thereafter migrated to Georgia and settled in what is now Monroe county. His grandparents, William A., son of Nipper Adams, and Statia (Lucas) Adams,

farmers, were born in North Carolina and came to Monroe county in the latter

part of the last century. William A. Adams served his country in the Mexican war,

and W. L. Adams, the father of the subject of this sketch, served through the

late war. Mr. Adams' grandfather on his mother's side was of French descent;

the family settled first in Jones county and later removed to Monroe county. Mr.

Adams was educated at the common schools of the county, which at that time had

not the best of educators, and whilst going to school he had to help on the farm.

As a consequence of the war his father lost about all he had--negroes, stock, etc.,

except his land, and he and his family had to begin life anew on the farm. He

worked awhile for his father on shares, and then bought a farm of his own and has

operated it with the greatest success and placed himself in independent circum

stances. He is now county commissioner. In 1870 he married Miss Sallie Willis,

born in Upson county in 1853, daughter of Annon and Mary P. (Means) Willis.

Mr. Willis came from North Carolina, where he was born, and settled first in Jones

county, and afterward moved to Upson, where he died. Mrs. Adams' grand

parents on her father's side, Joel and Sallie Willis, were of English descent, and

he was a Primitive Baptist preacher. Of her grandparents on her mother's side,

James and Mary Ann McKenzie, her grandfather was of Irish descent, and came

from North Carolina to Georgia. Mr. and Mrs. Adams have living eleven chil-

UPSON COUNTY SKETCHES.

949

dren: W. E., Thaddeus, Luke, John W., Claude, Ethan A., Ethel, Annie, Henry G., Sallie L. and Louis. Mr. and Mrs. Adams are both members of the Baptist church.

I M. BLALOCK, dentist, Thomaston, Upson Co., Ga., son of Thomas and Mary
(Mann) Blalock, was born in Meriwether county, Ga., in 1844. His grand
father, John Blalock, was a native of South Carolina, and was a soldier in the revolutionary war. After the close of thatwar he removed to Lincoln county, Ga., where he died, and where Thomas, Dr. Blalock's father, was born. Thomas Bla
lock removed from Lincoln to Upson county, where he lived about two years, and then removed to Meriwether county, where he died. He served in the Indian war
and bought some of the land from which the Indians had been removed. Dr.
Blalock's mother was of German descent and was the daughter of Baker and Mary Mann. Mr. Mann was a revolutionary soldier and one of the first settlers of
Meriwether county. Dr. Blalock was reared on a farm, but educated in Green-
villei Ga. In 1861 he enlisted in Company A (Capt Black), First Texas regi ment Capt Black was killed in the first battle and Dr. Blalock succeeded him as
captain, and was a participant in many of the bloodiest battles of the war: First
Manassas, Seven Pines, seven days' fight around Richmond, Second Manassas, Spottsylvania Court House, Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, Sharpsburg, Get
tysburg, Chickamauga, Chattanooga, Knoxville, Wilderness and Cold Harbor. He was captured at the battle of Spottsylvania Court House, but made his escape
and joined the army. He was wounded at the battle of Cold Harbor and went home, but as soon as he recovered he returned to his command. He was again wounded in the engagement before Fort Harris, in which his entire company was
either badly wounded, killed or captured. When Dr. Blalock returned from the war he had nothing but his land. He went to work on his farm to make the money to defray the expenses of acquiring a profession. He then attended lectures
at the college of dentistry, Baltimore, Md., from which he graduated in 1868. Locating in Greeneville, Meriwether Co., he practiced his profession there until l &73> when he removed to Thomaston, Ga., where he is now enjoying a good practice and the confidence of the people. Dr. Blalock was married in 1867 to Miss Olive Millan--born in 1849--daughter f John and Olive (Branchford) Millan. Mr. Millan was a farmer, was born in Upson county, and served in the war between the states. Dr. and Mrs. Blalock have two living children: John J.
and Edna M. Himself and wife are members of the Methodist church, and he is a master Mason and a member of the Royal Arcanum.

J W. BROWN, farmer Waynmanville, Upson Co., Ga., son of Benton and Mar* tha (Shakleford) Brown, was born in Pike county in 1824. His father was a
farmer, born in Georgia. He removed to Talbot county in 1830 and settled in
the woods, and died one year afterward. He was a soldier in the war of 1812.
Mr. Brown received only such education as the county schools could give, and began life young and poor on the thirty-acre farm on which his father settled. He remained a number of years with his mother, and then bought a farm in
Upson county, to which he moved, and on which he has since lived. In 1864 he enlisted in a company of the state troops under command of Capt Sherman, and afterward of Capt. Atwater and served three months. He has served the county
as justice of the inferior court and represented the county in 1877 in the general assembly, and did good service as a member of several of the committees. In 1890 he was elected, without opposition, to represent in the legislature the sena
torial district which comprises Upson county. In 1850 Mr. Brown married Miss

950

MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

May Holmes--born in Houston county--who bore the following-named children now living: Peter, Edwin T., John W.f J. C, Charlie M. and Mattie. Mrs. Brown died in 1864. In 1865 Mr. Brown was married to Miss Rusia Stewart--born in
Upson county--who bore him the following-named children now h'ving: Eliza
beth, Tema, Joseph E. and Willie B. This second wife died in 1879. She was a daughter of David and Sarah (Alien) Stewart, farmers and native Georgians. Mr. Stewart was a soldier in the war of 1812. In 1879 Mr. Brown contracted a third marriage with Miss Nancy Stewart, who was born in Upson county. Mr.
Brown is a member of the masonic fraternity, is a prosperous farmer and is highly
respected by his fellow citizens.

JOHN B. BROWN, farmer, Rowland, Upson Co., Ga., son of Baswell and

Lucy (De Loach) Brown, was born in Upson county in 1828. His grand

parents on his father's side, William and Elizabeth (Simmons) Brown, were farm-

}

ers, and natives of Jones county. They had four children: A. H., Franklin, Bas

well and Eliza. The husband died in Tennessee and the wife in Upson county,

where she had passed her life. His parents, also, were natives of Jones county,

and fanners. They removed to Upson about the time the county was laid off and

organized, and lived there during their lifetime. His grandparents on his moth

er's side were Joe and Lecy (Johnson) De Loach. He was a native of Jones

county, and was of French extraction. Mr. Brown was reared on a farm and his

limited education was obtained at the country schools. Starting in life with

nothing, he has plodded along until by well applied hard work and careful man

agement, he has accumulated a comfortable competency. In 1863 he enlisted in

Company A (Capt Hancock), Forty-sixth Georgia regiment He was very

severely wounded at the battle of Chickamauga, and was sent to the hospital where

he remained a considerable time. He has been justice of the peace for the last

thirty years. In 1848 Mr. Brown was married to Miss Sarah Jane Worthington--

born in Houston county, Ga., 1833--daughter of Julius and Penelope (Hooks)

Worthington. Mr. Worthinglon was born in North Carolina, came to Georgia

when a boy and lived awhile in Greene county, and then in Houston. Later he

went to Upson county and established a home and spent his life there. Mrs.

Brown died in 1887, leaving four children: Missouri F., George W., Elza C., and

Mary A. Mrs. Brown was a member of the Baptist church. Mr. Brown in 1887

married Mrs. Penelope Burson--born in Talbot county, 1839--a"d daughter of

Green and Mississippi (Gunn) Martin. Mr. Martin was a native of Greene county,

Ga., but removed to Talbot county. Mr. and Mrs. Brown are both members of the

Primitive Baptist church. Mrs. Brown was the widow of William Burson, a

native of Talbot county, who was killed in the late war near Charleston, S. C.

JAMES M. DANIEL, physician and surgeon, Swifton, Upson Co., Ga., son of Martin B. and Carrie B. (Oliver) Daniel, was born in Upson county in 1844.
His parents were respectively of Virginia and Georgia parentage. His father, a farmer, came to Georgia when young and made his home in Jasper county, and then moved to Upson county. His mother's parents were Terry and Susan (Tate) Oliver. He was of Irish descent and a farmer in Warren county, Ga. Dr. Daniel was reared a fanner boy, and was educated in the county common schools. In 1862 he enlisted in Company D (Capt Thomas Sherman, later Capt Hartsfield), Thirteenth Georgia regiment, and was in every fight in which that regiment bore a part, notably South Mountain and Gettysburg, and at the last-named battle was wounded. For three years after the war he engaged in farming to earn the means
to defray college expenses; and read medicine under Dr. Cook a year prepara tory to going to college. He attended the lectures in Atlanta and graduated in

UPSOX COUNTY SKETCHES.

951

1870. He located in Upson county, where he remained, where he enjoys the confidence of the community and has secured an extensive and remunerative practice. Dr. Daniel was married in 1872 to Miss Rebecca Gibson--born in Upson county in 1858--daughter of Sylvina and Mary (Hunt) Gibson. Mr. Gibson was a native of Upson county, and remained a citizen of it until he died. To Dr. and Mrs. Daniel seven children, all living, have been born: Luna, Orman, Estelle, Pearl, Clyde, Emma and Lillian. Dr. and Mrs. Daniel are mem bers of the Methodist church.

QULLEN DAVISON, farmer, Hickory Grove, Upson Co., Ga., son of Talbot and Nora (Hartison) Davison, was born in Jones county in 1825. His parents-
were farmers, and born in North Carolina, whence they migrated to Georgia and 'settled in Jones county. In 1835 they removed to Upson county; and, some years afterward, to Pike county, where they remained till they died. Mr. Davison was reared on a farm, and educated in the county common schools. He began life with nothing but a knowledge of farm work, industrious habits, and energy and integrity of character. In 1862, he enlisted in Company C (Capt. Whitaker), Thir tieth Georgia regiment, and remained in the service to the end of the war. He was in the memorable battles of Chickamauga, Missionary Ridge, Lookout Mountain, and Atlanta. He was captured once, being placed under guard of two Irish men, who, fortunately for him, got drunk and fell asleep; and while they were asleep he made his escape. In 1844 he was married to Miss Eveline Miller--born in Jones county, 1826--daughter of Mason and Mary (Hammock) Miller, farm ers, and natives of North Carolina. Mrs. Miller died in 1892, leaving seven children: Catharine C., Mary E., Melvina, Isadora, Green T., Cullen D., and Martha. Mr. Miller stands high as a farmer and as a citizen.

THOMAS D. FERGUSON, farmer, Thomaston, Upson Co., Ga., son of Grief . H. and Elizabeth (Hunt) Ferguson, was born in Baldwin county, Ga., in
1828. His father was born in Virginia, of Irish descent; came to Georgia and settled in Baldwin county in 1820, where he remained until 1829, when he removed to Talbot county and settled for life. He was a justice of the peace for many years, and served in the Indian war of 1836. His mother was a daughter of Curtis Hunt, whose family was among the early settlers of the county. Mr. Ferguson's boyhood and young manhood were spent on the homestead, and he received only the education common to youths at that time. He has been over seer and farmer all his life, and a hard-working, industrious man. In 1862 he enlisted in the state militia for home protection and defense, and served through out the war. Mr. Ferguson was married in 1851 to Miss Martha A. Thompson-- born in Baldwin county in 1830--daughter of John and Mary (Harp) Thompson Mr. Thompson came to Georgia from Virginia in 1820, in company with Mr. Ferguson's father, on horseback--both settling in Baldwin county. Eight chil dren, the offspring of this union, are living, namely: John H., W. G. H., Mary, Martha, Francis, Virginia, Alfred A., A. S. In 1873 Mrs. Ferguson, who was a Missionary Baptist, died. In 1874 Mr. Ferguson was married to Mrs. Sarah E. Johnson (nee Thompson, a sister of his deceased wife), born in Heard county, 1832. Mrs. Ferguson is an active member of the Methodist church. Mr. Fer guson is a master Mason, and is much esteemed as a. thorough-going farmer and upright citizen.
JAMES F. LEWIS, merchant, Thomaston. Upson Co., Ga., was born in Upson county, in 1840, and was the youngest of the four children of James F. Lewis
and Nancy McCoy. His father, born in Maryland, of Maryland ancestry, was left

-'^--

MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

*i

an orphan when quite young. In 1818 he came to Georgia, and made his home

;j

in Upson count}-. He was married in 1830 to Miss Nancy McCoy. Four chil-

8

dren were born to them: John F., Abner McCoy, Dora and James F. He was

jj

a farmer and served in the Indian war of 1836. On his mother's side his grand-

Si

father, Abner McCoy, came from North Carolina and was one of the first settlers

|

in the country; but his grandmother, Miss Matilda Lowe, was of Georgia stock.

'i

Mr. Lewis was reared on a farm, was educated at the high school in Thomaston,

chose medicine as his profession, but at the end of one year's reading his study

was interrupted, and his career as a physician cut short by the outbreak of the

civil war. In 1861 he enlisted in Company B (CapL Harris), Second Georgia regi

ment, was subsequently elected to a lieutenancy and served three years in this

position. During the war he participated in many of the hardest fought battles:

Second Manassas. Seven Pines, seven days' fight around Richmond, Fredericks-

burg, Chancellorsville, Sharpsburg, Gettysburg, Chickamauga, Chattanooga,

Knoxville, Wilderness, Petersburg and Richmond. He was wounded at Sharps-

burg and Seven Pines; was captured at Richmond and sent to Fort Delaware,

where he was imprisoned eight months. Mr. Lewis returned from the war pen

niless, but went to work at once and soon erected a merchant mill at Delray, Ga..

where he resided a number of years, corducting a successful mercantile and

milling business. He subsequently moved to Thomaston, where he has since

remained and where lie has built up a profitable business, and established an

enviable reputation in the mercantile world for unimpeachable integrity. Mr.

Lewis was married in 1872 to Miss Florence, daughter of Thomas R. and Caro

line (Brown) Harris of Stewart county. Mr. Harris was a native of Oglethorpe

and his wife a native of Clark county. Mr. and Mrs. Lewis have had four chil

dren: John H.. James L., Thomas A., and Florence Courtney. Mr. Lewis has

an untarnished reputation for morality and has been an active member of the

Methodist church for a number of years.

I H. MARCHMAN, merchant, The Rock, Upson Co., Ga., son of C. P. and
S. G. (Hightower) Marchman, was born near La Grange, Troup Co., Ga., in 1839. His grandparents, William R. and Mary A. (Woodward) Marchman, were natives of North Carolina, whence they migrated to Georgia and settled first in Jasper county, and then, in 1827, removed to Troup county, where they died.
Mr. Marchman's father was born in Jasper county in 1814, was a farmer, and went to Thoup county with the family--among the first of the county's settlers, where they made their home in its recently rescued virgin forests. His grand parents on his mother's side were Presley and Patsey (Powell) Hightower, natives of Virginia, whnce they came to Monroe county, Ga., and afterward removed to Troup county. Mr. Marchman received the ordinary common school education
boys were then favored with while working on the farm. In May, 1861, he enlisted in Company I, First Arkansas regiment, and served under Gen. Cleburn. He was in the battles of Manassas, Shiloh, Corinth, Perryville, Murfreesboro. Chattanooga. Chickamauga, Missionary Ridge, and the last battle fought by Johnston's army. He was wounded at Murfreesboro, and also at Atlanta. After the war he returned to his farm in Troup county, where he remained two years: then removed to Upson county and farmed three years. He next bought an interest in Mr. Stephens' store at The Rock, and has continued in the busi ness since, which is conducted at this time under the firm name of J. H. March man & Bro. He enjoys an excellent reputation as a business man, and a publicspirited citizen, and in 1894 was elected on the democratic ticket to represent Upson county in the general assembly. Mr. Marchman was married in 1867 to Mis? Savilita I. Stephen;;--born in Unson county, and a daughter of William and

UP3ON COUNTY SKETCHES.

953

Ann Stephens. She died, leaving no issue, in 1874. In 1880 Mr. Marchman was married to Miss Mary Stephens--born in Upson county--daughter of Jesse and
Elvira (Powell) Stephens. Her father was a native Georgian and a farmer. He
served in the Indian war. Mr. and Mrs. Marchman have four living children: Cornelia, Nettie R., Dovie I., and Carrie. Mr. and Mrs. Marchman are promi nent members of the Methodist church, and he is a member of the Knights of Pythias fraternity.

D OBERT M. M'FARLIN, farmer, Yatesville, Upson Co., Ga., son of Thomas
J. and Mary (Gibson) McFarlin, was born in Upson county in 1837. His grandparents on his fathers side were William and Lavinia (Wagner) McFarlin,
natives of North Carolina, who migrated from there to Georgia, and settled in Wilkinson county, where they lived a number of years, and then removed to
Upson county--among its earliest and wealthiest settlers. Mr. McFarlin's father was born in Wilkinson county, went from there to Jones, and moved thence to and settled in Upson county. He was a soldier in the Indian war, and continued his
residence in Upson county until he died, in 1884. His grandparents on his mother's side, James and Mary (Martin) Gibson, were natives of North Carolina, whence they removed to Upson county about the time it was organized, and where
he lived until he died. Mr. HcFarlin was reared on a farm, and received a very limited education. In 1861 he enlisted in Company D, Capt Thomas Sherman,
Thirteenth Georgia regiment. Of the many hard-fought battles in which he bore
a soldier's part may be mentioned: Cotton Mountain. Seven Pines, second
Manassas, Sharpsburg and Fredericksburg. At one time he fought for eighteen days in succession. In the battle of Sharpsburg he was wounded twice. After the battle of Fredericksburg he returned home, but soon returned and re-entered the army as a lieutenant in a cavalry company. After the war he resumed his farming operations, to which lie has devoted his time and attention, resulting in ease and competency after a life of hard work and exposure. No one stands
higher in the scale of industry and integrity. Mr. McFarlin was married in 1864 to Miss Mattie Lyon, born in Upson county, 1847, daughter of James P. and Elizabeth (Cherry) Lyon. Mr. Lyon was a native of Monroe county and a
Baptist preacher. Of the children born to them four are living: Lizzie, Francis,
Mattie and Sallie. She was a memb.er of the Primitive Baptist church, and died in 1875. That same year Mr. McFarlin married Miss Etta V., born in Upson count, 1856, daughter of Thomas J. and Elizabeth Nelson, natives of Upson
county. The following-named children blessed this union: Emma, Willie F., Robert Carlton, Lola, Thomas J. and James F. Mrs. McFarlin was a member of
the Baptist church and died in 1891.

T J. NELSON, farmer, Upson county, Ga., son of Thomas and Millie A. * (Trice) Nelson, was born in Upson"county in 1834. His grandparents on
his father's side were Thomas and Jane Nelson. His grandfather was a farmer, born in North Carolina, of English descent. Early in this century he removed to Georgia from North Carolina. His father was born in Talbot county, Ga., in
1810, and moved to Upson county in 1831. He was a soldier in the Indian war.
His grandparents on his mother's side were William B. and Jane (Tamplin) Trice, and were reared in Baldwin county, Ga.; but early in life removed to Upson, where they lived until they died. Mr. Nelson was left an orphan when quite young, was reared on a farm and received an ordinary school education. On arriving at manhood he engaged in farming. In 1861 he enlisted in Company I, Capt. J. F. Lewis, Thirty-second Georgia regiment, and remained in the army

954

MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

until the close of the war. He was engaged in sixteen hard-fought battles and many skirmishes, among them: Honey Hill, Fort Sumter, Fort Wagner, Rivers' Bridge, etc. He was wounded at Lake City, Fla. He was promoted to be orderly sergeant, and to a lieutenancy. An interesting incident of his war
experience was that a quite large shell struck a tree above his head, and he caught
a fragment as it fell On his return from the war he found himself almost ruined; his plantation improvements and stock all gone, nothing left but his naked land,
about 400 acres. But he went to work, and as the result of patient, well-directed labor and good management, he has now a well-ordered i,2OO-acre plantation and a fine mill property, and is as prosperous as any of his brother farmers. He is very highly esteemed, is at present clerk of Trinity church, and is a director of
the Farmers' and Merchants' bank, Thomaston, Ga. In 1867 Mr. Nelson was married to Miss Frances Holloway, born in Upson county in 1840, daughter of Gibson and Martha (Param) Holloway, old Upson county settlers. She was a member of the Methodist church, and died in 1864, leaving two children: Emma and T. P., now living. In 1865 he married Miss Minta Param, born in Meriwether county in 1842, daughter of Stith A. and Catherine Param, early settlers in Meriwether county. She also was a Methodist, and died in 1871, leaving one child, Pierpont That same year he married Willie Param, born in 1843, a sister of his last wife. Five children, now living, blessed this union: May C., Clifford
F., Effie, James and Alva J. She died in 1888, and in 1889 Mr. Nelson married
Miss Nannie Chipley, born in Bibb county, Ga., in 1860, daughter of James S. and Nancy (Hunt) Chipley, early settlers in Laurens county. He was born in 1816; a railroader. The children, living, the fruit of this union, are: Mozelle, Edna R. and Esther. Mr. and Mrs. Nelson are Primitive Baptists, and take an active interest in the welfare and advancement of the church.

Q A. NORRIS, farmer, Thomaston, Upson Co., Ga., son of William and "Narcissa (Respess) Norris, was born in Meriwether county, Ga., in 1830.
His grandparents on his father's side, William and Nancy Norris, were natives of South Carolina, and removed to and settled in Meriwether county early in the history of the county. His parents were also natives of South Carolina, and came to Georgia and settled in Meriwether county about the same time his grand parents did. He was tax collector of the county two years. His grandparents Respess on his mother's side were farmers, and were among the early settlers of Jasper county, Ga. Mr. Norris was reared on the farm and received only a limited education; such as could be had at the "old-field" log school house of that day. Before the war he was an overseer, and was getting along finely. In 1862
he enlisted in Company A, Capt. Strickland, later, Capt. Trammell, First Georgia regiment, and was in many hotly-contested battles, notably London, Ky., Chickamauga, Missionary Ridge, Atlanta, etc. He lost all he had by the war; but, coming out of its battles undismayed though battered, he began again the battle of life and is in comparatively easy circumstances, well-to-do, prosperous and
happy, and is tax collector of Upson county. Mr. Norris was married in 1859 to
Miss Laura A. Snelson, born in Meriwether county in 1840, daughter of John and Polly (Reeves) Snelson, early settlers in the county. To them were born ten children, now living: Sallie, Hattie, Will, Gertrude, Estelle, Robert, Aubra, Mattie, Maud and Earnest. Mrs. Norris died in 1882. The next year, 1883, Mr. Norris married Mrs. Mary (Snelson) Redney, born in Meriwether county in 1828, "daughter of John and Polly (Reeves) Snelson. She died, a member of the Primitive Baptist church, in 1891. Mr. Norris is a member of the same church,
and also a Knight of Honor.

UPSON COUNTY SKETCHKS.

955

WILLIAM STEPHENS, farmer, Upson county, Ga., son of James and Mary (Arthur) Stephens, was born in Jasper county, Ga., in 1810. His grandfather,
George Stephens, was a native of England, came to the United States when young, settled in Hancock county, Ga., and married Miss Elizabeth Dannell, and after ward moved to Jasper county, where he died. Mr. Stephens' father, James Stephens, was born in Hancock county, and with his father was one of the early settlers in Jasper county. His mother's parents--Arthur--were natives of South Carolina, whence they came in early life to Hancock county, Ga. Mr. Stephens was reared a farmer and attended schools taught in the log houses of those times. He remained in Jasper county and worked on the farm until 1825, when the family removed to Upson county, bought a farm and settled. Afterward he began working for himself and purchased a farm of his own. In 1834 he married Miss Georgia A. Powell, born in Jasper county in 1818, daughter of George and Nancy (Downey) Powell. Of the children born to them only one, Francis M., is living. Mrs. Stephens was a devoted member of the Methodist church. In 1869 Mr. Stephens went into the general merchandise business at The Rock, which he continued until 1881, when he sold out and has since confined himself to superin tending his family interests.

C B. THOMPSON, liveryman and trader, Thomaston, Upson Co., Ga., son of * Jennings and Virginia (Embry) Thompson, was born in Green county, Ky.,
in 1837. His grandparents, William and Judith (Pickett) Thompson, of Scottish descent, were natives of Virginia. He was a farmer, migrated in early life to Kentucky, and died there. Jennings Thompson, his son, was born in Kentucky, was a fanner and trader, and went to Cuba, where he died. Mr. Thompson's grandparents on his mother's side were William and Elizabeth (Brockman) Embry; he was a Virginian by birth; his wife was of Scottish lineage. He went to Kentucky in his young manhood, where he passed his life and died. Mr. Thompson was reared on a farm, and what education he was favored with was obtained in an old-time log school house. In 1861 he enlisted in Company D, Capt James M. Smith, in the Thirteenth Georgia regiment, and was in many hotly-contested battles, among them: Richmond, Malvern Hill, second Manassas, Sharpsburg, Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, Wilderness, Spottsylvania Court House, Petersburg, Gettysburg--where he was made a lieutenant--and Winchester. He remained in the service to the close of the war, and with Gen. Lee, surrendered at Appomattox. He was wounded at Winchester and at Monocacy. He lost heavily by the war, and began life, after it, loaded down with debt By industry, enterprise and good management, he is now, financially, one of the strongest men in Upson county. He was sheriff of the county a number of years. In 1867 Mr. Thompson was married to Miss Sallie Matthews, born in Upson county in 1847. Mr. Matthews was a native Georgian, and had represented the county in the general assembly. Of the children born to this union, the three living are: Nathan, Julia and Fryar. Mrs. Thompson, who was a member of the Methodist church, died in 1888. Mr. Thompson contracted a second marriage in 1892 with Mrs. Anna (Green) West, born in Upson county, and is a daughter of Charles and Martha A. (Barrett) Green. Mr. Green was a native of Concord, N. H., came to Georgia when a youth, and was manager of a cotton factory. Mr. Thompson is a member of the Baptist church, and his wife is a member of the Methodist church. Mr. Thompson is a master Mason, and a member of the Royal Arcanum and of the Knights of Honor. He is publicspirited, and himself and family are highly esteemed.

MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.
C G. C. WILLIAMS, farmer, Yatesvffle, Upson Co., Ga., son of Duke and Lany (Powell) Williams, was born in Upson county in 1827. His grand
parents on his father's side, Wilson and Patsy (Driver) Williams, were natives of North Carolina, farmers; came to Georgia early in this century and settled in Washington county. They soon afterward removed to Jones county, thence to Troup, and finally went to Chambers county, Ala., where he died. He was a volunteer soldier in the last war with Great Britain. Mr. Williams' father was born in North Carolina, in 1802--reared a farmer, went to Jones county, Ga., where he married, and thence to Upson county in 1825, where, one of the early settlers, he built his log hut in the woods then infested with wolves, and Indians on the opposite side of the river. He was a justice of the peace, and represented the county in the general assembly in 1841-42, and in 1851-52. He was first lieutenant of a volunteer company during the Indian war. His grandparents on his mother's side were Jesse and Patsey (Winnbush) farmers, who migrated from North Carolina to Georgia, and settled in Washington county, whence they removed to Pulaski county, and had to live in the fort as a protection against the Indians. From there they removed to Monroe county, where they died. Mr. Williams was reared on a farm, and graduated from one of the log school-houses of that day. He was yet fanning when the war between the states began. He enlisted in 1863, in Company E (Capt Jack White), Third Georgia battalion. He was in the battle of Murfreesboro, Tenn. After the battle he was taken sick and was sent to the Gate City hospital, Atlanta, Ga. On recovering his health he returned to the state troops and remained with them until the war closed, when he returned to his farm, to which he has since given his undivided attention and enjoyed enviable prosperity. Mr. Williams was married in 1849 to Miss Mary Middlebrooks--born in Jones county in 1832--daughter of Madison and Malinda (Stroud) Middlebrooks. Mr. Middlebrooks was born and reared in Jones county, but early in life removed to Upson county. Benjamin Haygood, great-grandfather of Mrs. Williams, was a revolutionary soldier. Mr. and Mrs. Williams have eight children living: Frances A., Mattie, Jesse W., Leila, Sarah, Josie, May and Emma. Mr. and Mrs. Williams are pious, consistent members of the Baptist church and highly esteemed.
A LLEN J. WILLIAMS, farmer, Yatesville, Upson Co., Ga., son of Duke and Lany (Powell) Williams, was born in Upson county, in 1834. (For outline of
lives of parents and grandparents see sketch of life of E. G. C. Williams.) Mr. Williams was reared on a farm and received a very limited education in a county log school-house. In 1862 he enlisted in a company commanded by CapL A. J. White, Thirty-seventh Georgia regiment, and was engaged in many battles, among them Murfreesboro, Chickamauga, Missionary Ridge, and Atlanta, where he was captured and sent to Camp Chase, where he was imprisoned eight months. He received a wound at the battle of Chickamauga. He represented the county in the general assembly in 1886-1888, and was on the committees on agriculture, manufactures, enrollment, and ways and means. In 1860 Mr. Williams was mar ried to Miss Sallie Hartsfield--born in Jasper county, Ga., 1842--who died, leav ing one child, Elizabeth, in 1863. She was a member of the Primitive Baptist church. In 1865 he married Miss Mary A. Persons--born in Monroe county, 1843--daughter of Lovett and Melinda (Lyons) Persons, Georgians by birth. Mr. Persons was a soldier in the Indian war of 1836. Two children now living are the offspring of this union: Alien and Alma. Mrs. Williams is a member of the Baptist church. Returning to his farm after the war, Mr. Williams went to work to retrieve his fortune, in which ho has been very successful. He belongs to the masonic fraternitv.

WALKER COUNTY SKETCHES.

957

WALKER COUNTY.
CRANCIS W. COPELAND. This well-known lawyer, a member of the Walker county bar, residing at La Fayette, was born in Walker county, Ga.
In that county he was reared on the farm and received his preliminary education. In 1873, he entered the university of Georgia at Athens, and pursued a course of study in that institution during two years. He acquired an enviable reputation in his classes for diligence, and at an oratorical contest was awarded a medal by the Demosthenian society for his achievements in the oratorical art. At the close of his collegiate studies he returned to his home in Walker county, and after working on the farm for eight months he entered upon the study of law. He went into the office of Hon. J. C. Clements of La Fayette, and in August, 1876, he was admitted to practice in the superior court of Walker county. Here it is proper to mention that Mr. Copeland in his successful efforts to obtain, first, a literary education, and second, a scientific knowledge of the principles of juris prudence, was sustained entirely by his own resources, obtained by his own labor and perseverance; and his success in his profession is an excellent example of what perseverance, diligence and business integrity may accomplish. He com menced the practice of his profession at La Fayette, with little influence or means of his own. At first he had a hard struggle, but by hard work and constant appli cation to study and the duties of his profession he soon won the confidence of the public and the courts of his circuit; business and retainers came to him in a measure commensurate with his zeal, and recognized legal ability. To-day he is justly considered one of the most successful lawyers on the Rome circuit His practice is of a general character, but he has given much attention to the consid eration of corporate law, and those branches of equity, jurisprudence, peculiarly applicable to that system. Before a jury Mr. Copeland is certainly, and justly esteemed a very able advocate, a cogent reasoner, and a brilliant and convincing speaker. In 1892, he formed a co-partnership with Earl Jackson of the La Fayette bar, and under the firm name of Copeland & Jackson. This firm ranks among the strongest in the Rome circuit, and represents some of the leading and important corporate and commercial interests in that section, among others, the C., R. & C. railroad, as local counsel and sets as general counsel for the Chickamauga & Durham Railroad company. This firm also represents the Georgia Ore company, and the Chickamauga Coal and Iron company. In the field of politics Mr. Copeland has never sought notoriety, wrapped in the active engagement of his professional life, he has given no attention to politics, with a view to obtain office. But for many years his services have been at the disposal of the political managers of his party, and he has ever been ready to take the stump in its behalf, and has never failed to do so in all the campaigns of recent years. He has also served two terms as mayor of La Fayette to the satisfaction of the people of that town. Mr. Copeland married in 1883, Miss Carrie Hunt, daughter of Ben jamin F. Hunt, a soldier of the Confederacy, who served as major in the Con federate army, but resigned his commission and entered the First Georgia cavalry as a private, and was killed at the battle of Chickamauga. By his marriage Mr. Copeland has six children: John A., Benjamin F., Susan M., Hunt, Francis W. (deceased), and an infant, Lois R. The Copeland family is of Scotch-Irish descent. Alexander Copeland, the great-grandfather of the subject of this Memoir, was born in Ireland, and emigrated to America prior to the war of the

o-S
*> fc)

MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

revolution. He settled first in York, S. C, and on the commencement of hostili
ties he entered the colonial service under Gen. Morgan. He fought at the battle of the Cowpens, and at King's Mountain, and after the war settled in Spartanburg, S. C. He married a Miss Gilmore, also of Irish descent, and of this mar
riage his son, Joseph Gilmore Copeland, grandfather of Francis W., settled in McMinn county, Tenn. He married Miss Sarah Chapman of Spartanburg, S. C., and reared ten children, of whom Alexander, the father of Francis W., was
one. Alexander Copeland was born in McMinn county, Tenn., in August, 1824. He settled in Walker county, Ga., about 1845. He married Miss Melissa Sartin, born in Spartanburg, S. C., and daughter of John Sartin. They reared eight children: Mrs. Sally L. Wall; Mrs. Elsie A. Fuller; Mrs. Panelopy C. Perry; Mrs. Fannie R. Little; James M., residing in Gordon county; Jefferson D., deceased in 1886: and William P., residing with his parents in Walker county. Alexander, the father of Francis W., served in the Confederate army during the late war and participated in the campaign of the western forces. He fought in the First Georgia state troops infantry, and took part in all the engagements between Dalton and the Chattahoochee river, when he was made a prisoner of war, sent north and he afterward effected his escape, and after a perilous journey reached his home, shortly previous to the surrender of Lee and Johnston. His brother, Joseph H., also fought on the Confederate side, and was killed at the battle of Jonesboro, in August, 1864. Mr. F. W. Copeland represents an element in the population of the south, rapidly acquiring influence in southern affairs, and dis tinguished by its active progress in the management and control of social, indus trial and commercial interests. He is an avowed advocate and champion of every movement designed to enhance the prosperity of north Georgia and its people, and to which by example and practice he has been and is a liberal contributor.

JOSIAH M. HENRY, Cooper Heights, one of the substantial farmers of Walker county, Ga., was born in Haywood county, N. C, May 4, 1826. His
father, Lorenzo X. Henry, was a native of York district, S. C, and was born on March I, 1800. His parents moved to North Carolina in 1804, where he spent the remainder of his life, and died in 1868. His paternal grandfather, John Henry, was born in South Carolina, and was the son of an Irishman who migrated to that state in the last century. John served in the war of the revolution, was captain of a
company in the American army, and fought at the battle of Cowpens, where lie was made prisoner, and was afterward exchanged. He also fought at Kings Mountain with distinction. He died in North Carolina about 1835. The father of Mr. Henry married Mary M. Moore, daughter of Josiah Moore of Yorkville, S. C-, by whom he had thirteen children: Nancy A., who married John H. Evans
of North Carolina, a veteran of the late war, and the commander of a company of artillery. He was present and actively engaged in the battle of the French Broad river, where he won marked distinction; Josiah M.; Mary E., wife of David Dyers; Eliza ]., wife of Jeremiah Evans, a soldier in the Confederate army; Lucinda A.; Margaret M., wife of Henry Lee of North Carolina; Emily L, who married James Vv. Cooper of North Carolina, a captain in the Confederate service, and now a prominent lawyer, Murphy, N. C.; Amanda M., wife of Albert Keeler of SevcT county, Tenn; Harriet E., who married Robert Moody; John R., who died in his ninth year; Lorenzo H., a farmer in North Carolina; William L., and James R., who live in Texas. Mr. Henry was reared and educated in Haywood county, N. C, where he resided until 1855. He next taught school two years in Madison and St Francis counties, Mo., after which he returned to North Carolina. He then went to Tennessee, and after teaching school in Sevierville a year, settled on his
present plantation in Walker county, Jan. 31, 1858, where he has since resided.

WALKER COUNTY SKETCHES. 959
On Jan. i, 1863, he enlisted in Company F, Fourth Georgia cavalry, commanded by CoL I. W. Avery. He served as a courier, and also in the commissary depart ment, and participated in several active skirmishes. Before the war he was commissioned lieutenant-colonel of militia in his county. On April 20, 1858, he married Miss Eliza Dickey, of Walker county, a daughter of Joshua T. Dickey, and to this union have been born thirteen children: Mary, wife of John M. Malicoat; John R., deceased; Hannah E. and James R., deceased; George D., residing in Texas; Rachel, a teacher at Pond Spring; Randolph, deceased; Hayden, of Wayne county, 111.; Beatrice; Rex; Burton, Bishop M., and Thomas T. Mr. Henry is recognized as a man of worth in his community, a gentleman of education and refinement. He is also a man conversant with the history and resources of North Georgia. He found the district in which he settled in Walker county destitute of schools and teachers, and barren of all svstems and methods usually in vogue in the art of teaching. He introduced new methods and new books, and rejoices in knowing that his efforts were appreciated by the people of Walker county. Some of his former pupils have risen to honor and distinction in social and business circles, in the profession of law, and in the field of literature.
JWI K. HORNE is one of the leading planters and stock-raisers in Walker county. " Ga., and the representative of one of the distinguished families of this state.
He was born in Whitfield county, Ga., Nov. 27, 1862, and was reared and educated in that county, completing his studies at the Dalton high school. His father, Pearce Home, was bom in Milledgeville, and was the son of James U. Home, a native Georgian born in 1812 and still living. Pearce Home married Miss Tallulah Johnson, daughter of that distinguished statesman, Herschel V. Johnson, and the issue of their marriage was several children: M. K.. the subject of this sketch; Emmett J.; James U.; Gertrude, wife of Frank F. Baker of Dalton; Arabella K., wife of William W. Johnson of Atlanta: Annie F.; Pearce Home, Jr.; Tallulah; Caroline Walker: William W., and John B. The father of Mr. Home entered the Confederate service and was commissioned captain. He served in the army of northern Virginia during the four years' struggle for southern rights. He was wounded at the first battle of Manassas, and later participated in the seven days' fight around Richmond, the Wilderness, second Manassas, Petersburg and at Appomattox. At the close of hostilities he returned to his home and engaged in planting, and is now one of the most prosperous agriculturists in Whitfield county. Mr. Home was married in Tune. 1888. to Miss Mary Marsh, daughter of Dr. J. J. Marsh of Walker county. They have four children: Adaline Marsh, Annie Ruth, M. K., Jr., and Marsh Johnson. Mr. Home is an ideal representative of the aggressive and progressive element in the business growth of north Georgia. He occupies one of the finest improved plantations in West Armuchee valley, and devotes his time chiefly to farming and stock raising. For some years he has made a specialty of breeding and raising for the Georgia and southern markets a decidedly superior quality of jacks and jennets. His stock has been selected from the best blood of Tennessee and Kentucky. Of these he has a large selection, not less than 100 thoroughbred Spanish animals in his stables and pastures. He has expended large sums in purchasing and replenish ing his stock. For one of these fine animals, I. X. L.. by Flambard, No. 29, imported from Spain in 1888, he paid the sum of $2,000. His dam, Viola, No. 101, was exhibited at Rome. Lebanon and Dixon Springs, and at each place was awarded the premium. I. X. L. is registered, and is a large and elegant animal, sixteen hands high, and weighs 1,200 pounds--a magnificent type of his kind. He carried off the first prize at the Dixie interstate fair in 1804- The jacks and

960

MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

jennets were exhibited at the Augusta exposition and were awarded the first prize. The aim of Mr. Home is to introduce the largest and best species of
Spanish jacks to the people of the south, and to convince southern planters of the superior advantages of this stock for all and every purpose for which they are intended.

WILLIAM D. JENKINS, M. D., an able physician, and a highly esteemed citizen of Rock Spring, in Walker county, was born June 23, 1856. He was
the son of Samuel Jenkins, a native of Marion county, Tenn., who migrated to
Hall county, Ga,, in his youth, with his parents. He was reared in that county, and married Bertie Caroline Johnson, daughter of J. J. Johnson, and had nine children, seven of whom attained majority, as follows: James A.; Silas L.; Josiah; Mary E., deceased, who married Nelson Black; William D.; Georgia A., wife of Robert Waters; Julia, wife of Napoleon Privett; Thomas J., deceased;
and Hettie, who married Joseph Turner. The father of Dr. Jenkins followed agricultural pursuits during life, and died in Dade county, this state, Dec. 3, 1891.
His wife still survives. Dr. Jenkins was chiefly reared in Walker county, where his parents resided during man}- years. His literary education was completed in Trion academy. He acquired a taste for the study of medicine, and prepared himself for the practice of that profession. He commenced the study of medicine
and surgery under that eminent physician, Dr. R. Y. Rudicile at Trion, and in the
autumn of 1881 he entered the Atlanta Medical college, where he continued his
studies and investigations until 1883, when he graduated from that institution. He began the practice of his profession at La Fayette, Ga., and in 1884 removed to Rock Spring, where he has since resided, and where he enjoys a good and very
lucrative practice, extending through Walker, Chattooga and Catoosa counties.
He is a physician of high and merited reputation, of extensive learning in the science of his profession, and has by his successful treatment of the different forms and phases of disease, won the confidence of the public. He is a member of the
Tri-State Medical association, and is a master Mason. He was married Oct. 18, 1886, to Maude Alsobrook, daughter of T. J. Alsobrook of Walker county. They have one child, Thomas Grady. The paternal grandfather of Dr. Jenkins
was a native of Ireland, born in 1761. He emigrated to America about 1775, enlisted in the continental army, and served through the war of the revolution,
and afterward settled in Georgia. At an advanced age he again entered the
service of the United States, and fought under Gen. Jackson at Horseshoe Bend, against the Creeks, and participated in the battle of New Orleans. He was a scout and guide for Jackson's army in the Florida war through the state of Georgia. He died in Catoosa county in 1859 at the advanced age of ninety-eight years.

HON. THOMAS GORDON M'FARLAND. This distinguished representa tive and progenitor of an old and well-known family of that name in north
Georgia, was born in Richmond county, X. C, Oct. 21, 1803. He was the son of of John Buie McFarland, a native of Cumberland county, N. C., who married Miss Sally Gordon, Jan. 3, 1779. The issue of this marriage was ten children: John Johnson, Abigail C, Xanders Gordon, Thomas Gordon, Sophronia, Robert A., William B., Sally Ann, Columbus D. and Marion Gordon. The paternal grandfather of Thomas G- McFarland was John McFarland, a native of Scotland, who married Mrs. Margaret McNair, whose maiden name was Margaret Buie, and reared four sons and one daughter: John B., Duncan, Dougald, Daniel and Margaret,who married Alexander Graham. Sally Gordon died in Tattnall county, Ga., Feb. 28, 1816. Her husband died at Rossvilfe, Walker Co. Mr. T. G.

WALKER COUNTY SKETCHES.
McFarland migrated to Tattnall county with his parents about 1812. He \vas educated in North Carolina, where he received a thorough classical training, and mastered the Greek and Latin languages. He also acquired a knowledge of the art of surveying, which in after years proved of infinite value to him. In 1832 he was appointed by the governor of Georgia to make a survey of the Ninth land district, Fourth section, then in the heart of the Cherokee country. This district included part of what is now Walker county, and in that wilderness young McFarland pursued his vocation for several months, and there he formed the acquaintance of John Ross, the leading chief of the Cherokee nation. He familiar ized himself with pioneer habits and customs, and with the different phases of Indian life. Very early in life he became the confidant as well as the peer of men prominent in the management of state affairs. In 1833-34 he represented Mont gomery county in the senate of Georgia, where he became associated with some of the ablest statesmen Georgia produced during the past generation. In 1835 he removed from Mount Vernon, Montgomery Co., to Rossville, and settled on the estate still in the possession of the family. The old house occupied by John Ross, which still remains a monument of pioneer days and advanced Indian civilization, became his property about 1838, and he soon acquired a large estate in Walker county. From 1835 to 1863 he served as postmaster at Rossville aud up to 1845 he conducted a mercantile business at that place with his brother. X. G. McFarland. Being a man of indomitable energy and probity he prospered in business. He was a member of the convention of 1850 and for years he represented Walker county in the legislature, and in all matters affecting or enhancing the public welfare he took an active part. He was through his long and active life a man of strong convictions, marked individuality, and tenacious of his views concerning men and measures of public policy. He was a life-long whig, and prior to the secession convention of 1861, like his friend Alexander H. Stephens, a pronounced Union man. The resolution adopted by that body having established the status of Georgia as a member of the Confederacy, Mr. McFarland as a strong believer in the doctrine of state rights, determined to stand by the action of his state, and proceeded to do so unto the bitter end. He was too far advanced in age to take an active part in the field, but he gave the Confederacy his entire confidence and support, together with very much sub stantial aid throughout the war. His avowed advocacy of southern rights and institutions made him a marked man. He was compelled to abandon his home at Rossville, and with his family became a refugee in Thomas county, on the approach of the Federal forces in September, 1863, and was absent until February, 1866. With countless others Mr. McFarland suffered severely in his property and estate from the war, but he survived it all. In 1877 he was elected to the constitutional convention, and took his seat in that body among many associates of his early legislative career, including Toombs and Stephens. He took an active part in advancing and supporting some of the most popular and valuable features of our present constitution, a duty for which his long legislative experience and acute knowledge of public affairs eminently qualified him. This was his last publio service to Georgia and to Walker county. His closing years were spent at Ross ville, and surroundings of his early manhood, and of his business success ami political achievements. Surrounded by his family, he expired at his summer home on Lookout mountain, Sept. 12, 1887, beloved and esteemed by a wide circle of friends and one of the best known men in Georgia. In 1846 Mr. AlcFarland married Elizabeth Anderson, daughter of Col. Josiah M. Anderson of Sequachee county, Tenn. Col. Anderson was of Scotch-Irish descent. The issue of this marriage was six children: Anderson: Martha, wife of Arthur Thomas; Thomas Foster; Sally Gordon, who died in Thomas county iu 1864;
11-61

962

MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

John McNair, and Ann Elizabeth, wife of James Morrison. Mr. McFarland was
an active and consistent member of the Methodist church. His wife died Oct 9, 1862, in Walker county.

D. ROSSER, an old resident of Walker county, is a native of

Walton county, where he was born in 1835. His father was James R.

Rosser, born in Jasper county, Ga., in 1812, who was the son of Rev. Isaac

Rosser, a native of Virginia, who migrated to Georgia during the first years of the

present century, and settled in Wilkes count}'. He reared five sons and four

daughters: James R., Jane, Matilda, John Wesley, Moses, Elisha, Aelsi, Elijah

and Elizabeth. Isaac Rosser was a minister of the Protestant Methodist church,

and died in Atlanta in 1860, after spending many years of his life in preaching

the gospeL James R. was reared in Jasper county and spent his life chiefly

engaged in teaching. He married in 1833 Miss Emily Bagby of Newton county,

and had eleven children : William D. ; Franklin A., who entered the Confederate

service and died during the war, a soldier in the Ninth Georgia infantry; Mary

Ann, deceased; Nancy E., wife of D. N. Purely of Walker county; Sarah F., wife

of W. L. Beard of Brown county, Tex.; Margaret E., wife of Dr. Beard of that

counts- and state; Elijah V. Rosser of Walker county; Cordelia, wife of S. M.

Shaw of La Fayette, Ga.; James R., John I. and Lillia, deceased. William D. was

reared and educated in Fulton county, and was engaged in merchandising until

the commencement of the war. In 1862 he enlisted in Company E, Sixth Georgia

cavalry, and was immediately afterward ushered into active service, and fought

in the campaign of that year in Tennessee and Kentucky. He was engaged at

Taswell, and Perryville, besides participating in numerous skirmishes and spent

the winter of 1862-63 a* Knoxvi'Ie. In the summer of 1863 his command was

ordered to Chickamauga, and he \vas engaged in that celebrated battle in

September, 1863. After the victory at Chickamauga, his regiment was attached to

Wheeler's command, and returned to Knoxville and was present at the siege of

that city. Early in 1864 Mr. Rosser accompanied his command to Dalton, and

supported Johnson from that place to Atlanta, being engaged in every battle

fought between Dalton and the capital. After the capture of Atlanta he accom

panied Hood's supply train as far as Franklin, Tenn., returned through Missis

sippi, and later saw fiirther service in Georgia until the close of the war. He then



returned to his home in Chattooga county, where he settled in 1856, and engaged

in farming, which he has followed ever since. In 1871 he settled in Walker

count}-. In 1858 Mr. Rosser was married to Miss Lucy Jane Stewart, daughter

of William Stewart of Chattooga county. They have reared seven children:

Lucius C-, engaged in school teaching in Walker county; Florence Alice, wife of

J. D. Sigler; William A., also engaged in teaching; Lucy A., wife of Lee Deck;

James E. ; Harry E., and Mark E. The mother of Mr. Rosser died in 1871. He is

a member of the Missionary Baptist church. The Rosser family emigrated from

Wales in the early part of the eighteenth century, and settled in Virginia.

JAMES T. SUTTLE, a prominent citizen and leading planter of Walker county, \vas born in that county in 1848. He was the son of John B. Suttle, one of the
first settlers of that section, who was born in Rutherford county, N. C, in 1810.
The latter was a son of George Suttle, who was born in Shenandoah valley, Va., a soldier of the revolutionary war, and fought in the continental army for the
establishment of American independence. He married after that war, and settled in North Carolina, where he reared a family. His son, the father of James T., grew to manhood in North Carolina, was educated in th* pioneer schools of that day, and settled in Walker county in 1838. He married Miss Jane Young of

WALKER COUNTT SKETCHES.

963

Spartanburg district, S. C, and to them were born nine children: Margaret, who
married J. D. Walker (now deceased); John C. (deceased); Sarah J.; Susan M.; Lou J., wife of J. A. Clements; James T.; Medora C; Emma B., wife of J. L. McCulloch; and Georgia A., wjfe of H. Y. Hunt John B. Suttle devoted his life
to agricultural pursuits, and became the proprietor of one of the largest and best plantations in Walker county, where he resided until his death in 1875. His widow survived him three years, dying in that county in 1878. James T. Suttle was reared in Walker county. At the commencement of the war he was too young to take an active part in the contest His family, however, were pro nounced in their advocacy of the cause of the Confederacy, and in July, 1864, at
the age of sixteen, he entered the First Georgia cavalry, commanded by Col. Devett His regiment was attached to Cruse's brigade, Martin's division of Wheeler's corps, and was immediately ushered into active service without receiv ing any military training. He fought at the battle of Decatur, and next partici pated in the capture of Stoneman, near Macon, after which his command was ordered to Tennessee, and there he followed Wheeler, penetrating that state nearly to Nashville, engaging in numerous skirmishes and returning to Georgia
by way of Muscle Shoals on the Tennessee river, through Httntsville, Ala., to Dalton, destroying the railroad in rear of the enemy. His command finally reached Macon and proceeded to South Carolina by way of Augusta, and entered winter quarters at Mathews Bluff on the Savannah river. On the approach of
Sherman from the south his command moved in advance of the Federals to Raleigh, S. C., engaged daily in active skirmishing, and fought at the battle of Smithfield, N. C., soon after which the news of Lee's surrender was heralded in the camp. Mr. Suttle surrendered under Gen. Wofford at Kingston, Ga., and returned to his home. At the close of the war he was still a mere youth, and resolved to complete his education. He attended the schools of his neighbor hood, and prepared himself for admission to the university of Virginia, which he
entered in 1871, and afterward finished his course at the university of Georgia at Athens. He taught school for a short period, and on the death of his father the management of the estate devolved upon him. For many years he has con tinued to reside upon the family plantation in West Armuchee valley engaged in planting and stock-raising. He is one of the most prosperous planters in Walker county, and his home, on a beautiful slope on the eastern confines of the valley, is most pleasantly situated. He has filled, creditably, various positions of trust and responsibility in Walker county, and has served as commissioner of roads and revenues. He is at present a member of the board of education. For many years he has taken an interested part in the consideration of public ques tions, and is interested in active politics as a means to the accomplishment of public good. The use of his name was frequently solicited by the leaders of the democratic party in his county as a candidate for the legislature, but he declined the honor. However, his political views, which are in strict accord with the teach ings of Jefferson, having been approved of by the populist party; he was, without his consent or knowledge nominated by that party for the office of representative in the general assembly. He made no canvass and was defeated. He became the active candidate of that party in the autumn of 1894 for the office of representa tive, and obtained a very large vote. Had he resorted to the usual methods and practices to obtain political strength and secure his election, there is little doubt
that he would have been successful. He is a member of the Baptist church, and enjoys the sincere friendship of the best citizens of Walker county.

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MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

WALTON COUNTY.
IOHN ADAMS, farmer, Gratis, Walton Co., Ga., was born in Walton county in 1820. His grandparents, Reuben and Nicey (Simpson) Adams, were natives,
of South Carolina, who, early in life migrated to Georgia and settled in what is now Walton county. He was a farmer, and served as a soldier in the patriot army during the revolutionary war. Late in life he moved to Randolph county, Ga., where he died in 1846. Mr. Adams was reared on the farm, and the limited edu cation he received was obtained at the old-time log school-house. He began life a very poor boy, and has had a trying struggle; but has worked hard and long until he has placed himself in easy and comfortable circumstances. In 1849 he made his first small purchase of land, to which he has steadily added and now owns nearly 1,000 acres of good farming land, a large farm under profitable culti vation, and operates a superior cotton gin of large capacity. During the late war he made shoes for *he Confederate government Mr. Adams was married in

county early in life, where he lived until he died. Five of the children born to Mr. and Mrs. Adams are living: Richard S., Sallie F., Amanda J., Judy S., and Eugenia T. The mother of these, who was a member of the Methodist church, died early in 1876, and late in that year Mr. Adams married Miss Ellen Park-- born in Jackson county, Ga.--daughter of Russell J. and Sarah (Stokes) Park. He was born in Madison county, was a farmer and also operated a blacksmith shop. He moved to Jackson county, and in 1854-55-56 and '58 represented his county in the general assembly. He was a soldier in the war of 1812, and died in 1885. Eight of the children born to Mr. Adams by this marriage are living: Robert P., Willie B., Ruvie M., Dovie O., Ezra B., Pearl V., Ellen V., Troy H. He is a member of the masonic fraternity, and himself and wife are members of the Universalist church.
JOSIAH BLASSIXGAME, merchant and capitalist, Jersey, Walton Co., Ga., son of W.T.and Matilda M. (Barrett) Blassingame, was born in Walton county,
in 1855. His paternal grandparents, Powell and Phoebe (Stark) Blassingame, were natives of South Carolina, and early in life moved to Georgia and settled in Walton county. He is still living, and still follows farming. Mr. Blassingame's father was born in Walton county and v/as reared a farmer. In 1861 he enlisted in a company commanded by Capt J. T. Mitchell, and went to the front. He was taken sick on a march to Vicksburg and died two months after reaching that city. Before the war he was a large slave and land-owner, and during his life was an ardent member of the Methodist church. His maternal grandparents were Josiah and Mary (Raines) Barrett He was born in Morgan county, the son of a Primitive Baptist minister of English descent Mr. Blassingame was reared on the farm, and having grown up during war time, did not receive a very good education. At the age of twenty-two he entered the store of T. M. Abercrombie, and three years later--Aug. i, 1880--he became a partner, under the firm name of Abercrombie & Blassingame. He is still a member of the firm, but its name has been changed to T. M. Abercrombie & Co. Besides his merchandise busi ness he is a stockholder and director in the bank, and oil mills, and a stockholder

WAI/TON COUNTY SKETCHES.

965

in a guano company at Social Circle. His farming interests are very large, he owning 1,300 acres of excellent land, of which a large portion is under cultiva
tion. He is a wide-awake, progressive farmer and financial operator, solid, sub
stantial and progressive. Mr. Blassingame was married in 1880 to Miss Amanda
E. Mpbley--born in Walton county, Sept. 3, 1857--daughter of Thomas M. and Harriet (Coleman) Mobley. He was a native of South Carolina, whence he came
with his parents to Walton county when seven years old. He was a prosperous farmer, and served as a volunteer in the Seminole war. Of the children born to them the following are living: Edna K-, Josiah B., Adell, Effie E., Willie G., and
Amy. He is a member of the masonic fraternity and also of the Baptist church,
and his wife is a member of the Methodist church.

I M. BRADLEY, farmer, India, Walton Co., Ga., son of Thomas and Susan
* (Oliver) Bradley, was born in Walton county in 1845. His paternal grand parents were natives of North Carolina, whence they migrated to Georgia in
1820, and settled near Jefferson, Jackson Co., Ga. Mr. Bradley's father was born
in North Carolina, came to Georgia in 1820, and settled near an old Indian fort in the woods in what is now Walton county. He was a soldier in the war of 1812, and lived to accumulate a quite large estate. He was an ardent member of the
Primitive Baptist church. His maternal grandparents, Elijah and Sarah (Wise) Oliver, were natives of Virginia and migrated to Georgia and settled in Jackson
county. Mr. Bradley was reared on the farm and received a limited education
in the country schools. In 1861 he enlisted in Company F and was afterward
transferred to Company B (CapL Reynolds), Sixteenth Georgia regiment Among the battles in which he with his command were engaged were Malvern Hill and South Mountain, and in the last-named battle he was wounded and captured and
remained a prisoner about a year. After the war he engaged in farming, and in 1866 made his first purchase of land. Since then he has added to it until now
he owns 400 acres of good land, and, besides operates a cotton gin. He is a progressive and prosperous farmer and public-spirited citizen and is highly esteemed. Mr. Bradley was married in 1865 to Miss Mary Lochlin--born in Clarke county, Ga., in 1843--daughter of Samuel C. and Rebecca (Stevens) Loch
lin. He was one of Walton county's early settlers, but late in life moved to Mad
ison county, Ga. Seven children, who were the fruit of this marriage, are living: Oscar L., Sallie A., Thomas B., James M., Mollie, Samuel and Rhpdelle. He is
a royal arch Mason and himself and wife are members of the Missionary Baptist
church.

CAMUEL HOUSTON BRODNAX, ex-merchant and farmer, Walnut Grove,
Walton Co., Ga., son of Samuel and Margaret (Aycock) Brodnax, was born in Newton county, Ga., in 1844. His paternal grandparents were Edward B. and Vivian (Brookin) Brodnax. He was of English descent, born in Virginia, and raised a farmer; was a soldier in the last war with Great Britain, and also in the Seminole war during which he was wounded. Migrating from Virginia to Geor gia he settled in Hancock county. Mr. Brodnax's father was born in Virginia and came with the family to Georgia when he was young. He made farming his life occupation, was a good farmer and manager, and accumulated quite a large property, the value of which was heavily reduced by the emancipation proclama tion. The maternal grandparents of Mr. Brodnax were Joel and Elizabeth (Brad ford) Aycock. He was a native of North Carolina, whence he moved to Georgia and settled in Oglethorpe county and afterward moved to Newton county. Mr.

966

MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

Brodnax was raised on the farm and received a high school education. At the

age of eighteen he espoused the cause of the Confederacy and in January, 1863,

enlisted as a private in Company A, Second regiment state troops, and served

in that company till July, 1864, when he was transferred to Company D, Second

regiment, Georgia cavalry, under Gen. Joe Wheeler, and served till the war

closed. He was engaged in a number of battles and skirmishes during the time

he was a soldier. In 1866 he commenced merchandising, making his first pur

chases on a credit. After continuing in this business for ten years with very great

success he retired from mercantile life and engaged in farming. Here his business

methods, careful oversight and good management and progressive ideas have

resulted in continued prosperity, so that he is now one of the solid men of Walton

county. He owns about 2,000 acres of choice farming land and a profitable mill-

1

ing property. In 1890 he was elected to represent Walton county in the general

j

assembly and did efficient service on the committees on finance, agriculture, luna

tic asylum, excuses of members and mines and mining. Mr. Brodnax was mar

ried in 1871 to Miss Edda Selman--bom in Walton county in 1851--daughter of

Benjamin F. and Mary (Colley) Selman, whose families were early settlers of the

county. Of the children born to Mr. and Mrs. Brodnax three are living: Joel

C., Samuel E. and George H. He is a member of the masonic fraternity, and

himself and wife and three sons are members of the Christian church. Two sons

of Mr. Brodnax, J. C. and S. E., are engaged in the mercantile business at Walnut

Grove, his home.

UUGH A. CARITHERS, merchant-farmer, India, Walton Co., Ga., son of

William C. and Mary (Griffith) Carithers, was born in Madison county, Ga.,

July 14. 1827. His paternal grandparents were native South Carolinians and

lived and died in their native state. Mr. Carithers' father was born in Abbeville

district, S. C., came to Georgia when a young man and settled in Madison county.

He accumulated considerable property farming and died in 1855. His maternal

I-

grandparents were Robert and Sarah (Brbnner) Griffith. He was a farmer and

f

an early settler of Madison county. Mr. Carithers was raised on the farm and

t

the limited education he received was obtained at the historic log school house.

During the war between the states he served in the militia or home guard. He

is very enterprising and energetic, possessing superior business and financial abili-

r

ty, has been successful in all his undertakings, and is one of the most popular

as well as among the most solid and substantial citizens of the county. He

resumed farming immediately after the war and made money. Then, in 1869, he

engaged in general merchandising, which he has continued ever since. In addi

tion to his extensive farming and mercantile interests he built a very large grist

mill on the Appalachee river, which does a very heavy business, and also operates

a cotton ginnery on the same stream. He started in life with comparatively noth

ing, and lived many years in a log cabin; now he owns between 4,000 and 5,000

acres of valuable land, and is conducting the large interests already mentioned.

He served many years as a justice of the peace and in 1880 was elected to represent

Walton county in the general assembly, and so much appreciated were his services

that he was re-elected three successive terms. In that body he was assigned to

the committees on banks, finance and agriculture, etc. Mr. Carithers was mar

ried in 1848 to Miss Mary A. Griffith--born in Clarke (now Oconee) county in

1831--daughter of James'L. and Asyneth (Eberhart) Griffith. He was an early

settler in Madison county, was a large fanner, and for many years a justice of

the peace. Early in life he moved to Oconee (then Clarke) county, where he died.

WALTON COUNTY SKETCHES.

967

Of the children which blessed this union three survive: James Y., Robert L. and
Hugh A., Jr. His wife is an exemplary member of the Baptist church, and he is a prominent member of the Masonic fraternity.

I W. CARTER, farmer, Walnut Grove, Walton Co., Ga., son of John and Judia " (Auslin) Carter, was born in Walton county in 1828. His paternal grand mother was Elizabeth (Nash) Carter, a native of Virginia. His grandfather was
of English descent, was a soldier in the patriot army during the revolutionary war
and subsequently moved to Georgia and settled in Elbert county. Mr. Carter's father was born in Virginia and was fourteen years old when his parents moved to Georgia. At the age of sixteen his father died and he had to assume the grave responsibilities and duties of the head of the family, and ably discharged them. He was a soldier in the last war with Great Britain, was an unusually good man ager and accumulated a large property. Although the emancipation proclama
tion deprived him of forty-seven slaves, the close of the unpleasantness left him in good circumstances. He was a devoted and exemplary member of the Method ist church. His maternal grandfather,' John Auslin, was of Irish lineage and was
among the early settlers of Elbert county, whence, after a short stay, he moved to Alabama. Mr. Carter was raised on the farm and received such education as could be obtained at the country schools during his boyhood. Farming has been the pursuit of his life, and he was satisfactorily successful before the war, during which he served with the state troops eighteen months and participated in the defense of Atlanta. The result of the war left him comparatively poor, and he
had to begin life anew. But by push and energy and good management he has become the owner of 1,850 acres of good land, on which he has a good home, and in addition owns valuable cotton-ginning interests. In 1875-76 he repre
sented Walton county in the general assembly and did valuable service on the committee on manufactures. No citizen of the county is more highly esteemed. Mr. Carter was married in 1856 to Miss Laura Q. James--born in Henry county in 1839--daughter of David and Sarah (Saunders) fames. He was born in North Carolina and was a farmer and trader. Eight of the children born to them are
still living: Sylvanus, Ida, Robena E., John J., Marcus L., Mollie, Sallie and Carl. His wife is a consistent member of the Baptist church and he is a master Mason.

M J. DAY, fanner, Social Circle, Walton Co.. Ga.. son of Nathaniel and Hannah * (Mindenhall) Day, was born in Taliaferro county, Ga., in 1826. His paternal
grandparent, David Day, was an early settler of what is now Columbia county, Ga. Here Mr. Day's father was born in 1775, spent his boyhood and grew to manhood. He was a farmer and school teacher, and had Hon. Alexander H. Stephens for a pupil--he being the first teacher of that remarkable man and
eminent statesman. In 1833 he moved to Walton county, where he died in 1855. His maternal grandparents, Marmaduke and Alice (Benson) Mindenhall, were also natives of what is now Columbia county. Mr. Day was reared on the farm,
and farming has been his life occupation. Unambitious, he has been content with farm-work and the yield of his land in response to well-directed, honest labor. He owns between 800 and 900 acres of good land and a good saw-mill, is of unques tioned reliability and held in high esteem. Mr. Day was married in 1855 to Miss Martha E. Tucker--born in Newton county in 1834--daughter of McKenzie and Eliza (Rakestraw) Tucker. He was a native of North Carolina, was a farmer and preacher, and early in life came to Georgia and settled in Newton county. Late in life he moved to Alabama, where he died. Of the children which blessed this

MEMOIRS OP GEORGIA.

union five are living: James M., Milton B., Robert L., Julius B. H. and John T. Mrs. Day is a member of the Baptist church and he is a master Mason.

P R. FLOYD, farmer, Loganville, Walton Co., Ga., son of Edwin G. and Jane

(Robinson) Floyd, was born in Xewton county, Ga., in 1850. His paternal

grandfather, Richard Floyd, was a native of Virginia, migrated to Georgia early

in life, and settled in Oglethorpe county, whence he afterward moved to Newton

jj

county. He followed farming all his life, and served as a soldier in the war of

1812. Mr. Floyd's father was born in Oglethorpe county and was raised a

farmer, and continued to be one through life. About the time he reached manhood

he moved to Xewton county, and late in life to Walton count}', where he died

in 1888. He served in the state militia during the late civil war, and was a

working member of the Baptist church, of which he was a deacon for tnirty years.

His maternal grandfather, Robinson, was an old and much-respected native citizen

of Oglethorpe county. Mr. Floyd was reared on a farm, received a very limited

education, and started in life very poor. After cultivating rented land three years

he bought a small farm, to which he has gradually added since, until now he

owns a fine 6oo-acre body of land. His hard-working habits, and neighborliness

of disposition have made him deservedly popular in his community. Mr. Floyd

was married in 1878 to Miss Ella Hammond, born in Walton county in 1858,

daughter of John J. and Elizabeth (Rambo) Hammond. Of the children born

to them, four are living: Rossie, Edna, Leila and Lottie. Himself and wife are

members of the Baptist church.

QEORGE M. FOSTER, farmer, Wesley, Walton Co., Ga., son of John and
Margaret (Furlow) Foster, was born in Clarke county, Ga., in 1818. Mr. Foster's father was born in Ireland and came to the United States with his parents, who settled in Clarke county, Ga. He was a hatter by trade and died in Clarke county in 1855. His grandfather on his mothers side was David Furlow, an early settler and farmer in Greene county, Ga. Mr. Foster was reared on the
farm, and his educational advantages were of the most limited character. Farming has been his life occupation. In 1836 he was a volunteer soldier in the Seminolc war in a company by Capt Ligon, under Gen. Standiford. In 1843 ne married Miss Mary Fielding, born in Athens, Clavke Co., Ga., in 1824, daughter of Samuel and Deodamia (Bows) Fielding. He v;as a native of Connecticut, a tailor by trade, and came to Georgia in 1819. Of Mr. Foster's children the following survive: Margaret, Mollie, Xancy, John, Samuel, Fannie, Annie, George, Ella and James. The mother, an exemplary member of the Methodist church, died in 1869. Mr. Foster is a master Msson, and a member of the Christian church.

r\ A. GIBBS, physician and surgeon, Social Circle, Walton, Co., Ga., son of Thomas A. and Martha (Maddcx) Gibbs, was born in Greene county, Ga.,
in 1824. His paternal great-grandfather was 1x>rn in England, and migrated to this country and settled in Virginia before the revolutionary war. His grand parents, Herod and Lucy ("Anderson) Gibbs, were natives of Virginia. He was a planter, and served seven years in the patriot army during the revolutionary war
tinder Col. Washington. After independence was proclaimed he migrated to South Carolina and settled in Pickens county, whence he afterward moved to Morgan county, Ga., and followed farming until he died. Dr. Gibbs' father was
born in Pickens county. S. C, in 1786. was reared in Morgan county, Ga., and mar ried in Greene county. In 1825 he moved to Walton county, where he conducted
extensive planting interests until his death in ^861. He was a poor boy, was a

WALTON COUNTY SKETCHES.

969

soldier in the war of 1812, and later in life accumulated property. His maternal grandparents were Claiborne and Jane (Marrow) Maddox. He was born in Virginia, migrated to Georgia and settled in Greene county, where he was an extensive planter, and for many years a justice of the inferior court. Dr. Gibbs was raised on the farm, was educated at Social Circle academy and for a while attended Mercer university at Penfield. He began the study of medicine in 1845 under his uncle, Dr. C. C. Gibbs, and then attended a course of lectures at Jefferson college, Philadelphia, then attended a course at the university of New
York, from which he graduated in 1847. He soon afterward--that same year-- located in Social Circle and commenced practice, and has remained there ever since. He has been very successful in his practice and financially; his ability and skill creating a demand for his services for miles around in Walton and adjoining counties. Besides his practice, which he still actively pursues in company with Dr. Spence, he conducts a drug store in the town and supervises extensive farming interests. During the late civil war Dr. Gibbs was surgeon of a battalion of state troops. Dr. Gibbs was married in 1852 to Miss Margaret A. Browning, born in Morgan county, Ga., in 1835, daughter of J. A. and Margaret (Means)
Browning. Her father (son of W. M. and Isabel (McAlpin) Browning), was a
Georgian by birth and a large planter. Of the children which blessed this union, four are living: Margaret C, Martha L., Minnie I. and Myrtle A. Dr. Gibbs is a prominent and valued member of the masonic fraternity.

PjAVID HAMILTON, farmer, Monroe, Walton Co., Ga., son of Isaac and Elizabeth (Turner) Hamilton, was born in Gwinnett county, Ga., in 1832. His
paternal grandparents were David and Elizabeth Hamilton. He was a native of Ireland and came to this country when twenty years of age as a bound apprentice, settled in South Carolina, where he married and reared a family, and late in life moved to Georgia and settled in Gwinnett county, where he died. He followed farming after reaching his majority, and was a soldier in the war of 1812. Mr. Hamilton's father was born in Edgefield district, S. C., where he was raised on the farm, and made farming his life-pursuit. He came to Georgia and settled in Gwinnett county in 1820; later he went to Florida, where he was during the
Seminole war, in which he served as a volunteer in 1836. He moved back to Georgia in 1847, and died m 1848. He was quite a large slave-owner and a very enthusiastic and active member of the Methodist church. Mr. Turner's maternal grandparents were William and Elizabeth Turner. He was of German descent and born in South Carolina, where he lived until he died. He was the owner of quite a number of slaves, and a prosperous farmer. He was a soldier in the patriot army during the revolutionary war. Mr. Hamilton was reared a farmer, and has made farming the business of his life. His education was very limited. In 1862 he enlisted in Company I, Capt. Hutchins, Sixteenth Georgia regiment, and was
with his command engaged in the seven days' fight around Richmond, and in
all the battles of that campaign except Gettysburg and Fredericksburg. He had a finger shot off at Cedar Run, and in the battle of Spottsylvania court house his clothing was perforated by eleven bullets, he escaping unhurt. He was made prisoner at Knoxville, but after nine days' detention he escaped. He started in life with nothing, and bought 150 acres of land on credit, which he paid for and has added to until he now owns nearly 600 acres of excellent land, a large portion of which is under cultivation. In addition to this he operates a large
cotton gin and owns an interest in a grist-mill, which does a large and profitable business. He is very highly esteemed by his neighbors. Mr. Hamilton was married in 1855 to Miss Millie Y. Gower. born in Gwinnett county in 1839, daughter of R." M. and Millie (Burford1) Gower. He was born in Clarke county.

9JO

MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

was a large fanner, and moved to Gwinnett county, where he lived till he died. Of the children which blessed this union, ten survive: Sarah E,, Mary J., Martha
A, R. T. L., Ella V., Abel S., R. M., David T., Maude and May. Mr. Hamilton and his wife are members of the Primitive Baptist church.

D A. HAMMOND, physician and surgeon, Loganville, Walton Co., Ga., son * of J. J. and Elizabeth (Rambo) Hammond, was born in Walton county, Ga.,
in 1852. His paternal grandparents were Abraham and Lilh'e (Ellsberry) Ham mond. He was born in Virginia, of German descent, and when a young man came to Georgia and settled in Wilkes county. He afterward moved to Walton county, and was a soldier in the last war with Great Britain. He was a man of considerable wealth, and a useful member of the Missionary Baptist church. Dr. Hammond's father was born in Wilkes county, and moved to Walton county in 1845. He was a large planter, and in addition conducted a general merchandise store. He served with marked faithfulness in the late civil war, and was a member of the Baptist church, of which he was a deacon for a number of years. His maternal grandparents were Kinchen and Mary (Foster) Rambo. He was a native Georgian, and for many years practiced law. He was a very conscientious and devoted member of the Primitive Baptist church, and finally gave up his legal practice, was ordained a minister of his faith and finished his course in the active service of the Master, and died beloved by all who knew him. Dr. Hammond was reared on the farm and was given as good an education as the schools of the period of his boyhood afforded. He read medicine under Dr. J. F. Grower of Dalton, Ga., and then attended lectures at Jefferson college, Phila delphia, from which he was graduated in 1876. Soon after his graduation he
located in Loganville, was honored with calls the second day after, and they have increased in volume and value ever since. His patient attention and skill have brought him success; he has established an extensive and remunerative practice,
and ranks as high as any member of the profession in the county. Quiet and unassuming, his success is due to real merit. Dr. Hammond was married in 1877 to Miss Florence Camp, born in Gwinnett county in 1860, daughter of Merritt and Jane (Crawford) Camp. He was bcrn in Gwinnett county, was a man of great energy and force of character, enterprising and a first-class farmer, a man of wealth, and financially as strong as any man in the county. He served with fidelity as a private soldier during the late unpleasantness. This union has been blessed with six children: Curtis, Lizzie, Joseph, John B., George P. and Claude, deceased. Dr. Hammond is a royal arch Mason, and himself and wife arc useful members of the Methodist church.
T J. HARRIS, farmer and miller, Jersey, Walton Co., Ga., son of John C. and * Mary (Willis) Harris, was born in Newton county,- Ga., in 1848. His
paternal grandparents were Thomas and Nancy (Huff) Harris. He was born and reared in Wilkes county, where he married, and in 1829 moved to Newton county. He owned a number of slaves, and was a prosperous farmer. Mr. Harris' father was born in Wilkes county and came to Newton with his father when a
small boy, where he grew up on the farm, was educated and married, and lived until he died. He owned considerable slave property, and was a successful farmer. His maternal grandparents, William and Susie (Gwatney) Willis, were natives of Virginia, and came to Georgia early in the 3o's. (Was on the road "when the stars fell.") He was engaged with Joel Colley as overseer for a number of years, then he bought a piece of land and followed farming until he died. Mr. Harris received a good education for the times and began life by working on a farm. In 1870 he bought a piece of land, saved money and bought more, until he now

WAL.TON COUNTY SKETCHES.

971

has a 1,400-acre plantation, and a profitable ginnery and milling interest. Indus
trious and frugal and a good manager, he is one of the most prosperous farmers in the county. Mr. Harris was married in 1870 to Mary J. Clay, born in
Walton county in 1852, daughter of Augustus W. and Elizabeth (Wilkinson)
Clay. He was a farmer and one of the earliest settlers of Walton county. Of the children born to them, three are living: -Myra B., Luvadas and Park "W. Mrs. Harris is a devout member of the Methodist church.

J^T. LABOON, farmer, Wesley, Walton Co., Ga., son of Mason C. and Emily
(Mullican) Laboon, was born in Walton county in 1852. His grandfather
on his father's side, Peter Laboon, was a native of France, came to this country
with the Marquis de La Fayette in 1777, and was a soldier in the patriot army in the revolutionary war. After the war he settled in South Carolina, where he
worked at his trade as a blacksmith until he died. Mr. Laboon's father was the youngest son of his parents, and was born in South Carolina. He migrated to
Georgia in 1835, and the next year volunteered as a soldier in the Seminole war. After his discharge he returned to South Carolina, where he married and soon after came back to Georgia and pursued his vocation as a blacksmith, supple mented by farming, until he died in 1887. He accumulated quite a large property, and during the late unpleasantness served on the Home Guards. His grand
parents on his mother's side were Benjamin and Margaret (Jarvis) Mullican.
He was of Welsh descent, and born in Maryland, whence he migrated to North Carolina, and thence to South Carolina, where he pursued his vocation of farming. Mr. Laboon was reared on the farm, learned blacksmithing under his father,
and as he grew up during the war period, received but little education. Black-
smithing, with farming as a supplement, has been his life-pursuit. He lias enjoyed prosperity and owns now a fine 6oo-acre farm under excellent cultivation.
He ranks among the foremost as a mechanic and farmer, and is highly esteemed
by the community in which he lives. Mr. Laboon was married in 1878 to Miss
Annie E. Foster, born in Clarke county, Ga., in 1858, daughter of George M. and Jane (Fielding) Foster. He was born in Clarke county, was raised a farmer,
moved to Walton county, and served as a volunteer in the Florida war under Capt. John P. Lucas. They have six children living: Lloyd, Brandt E., John S.,
George M., Nannie F. and James F. He is a master Mason, and himself and
wife are members of the Christian church.

UENRY DICKENSON M'DANIEL was born at Monroe, Walton Co., Ga., Sept. 4, 1837. His father, Ira O. McDaniel, was a pioneer, and his mother
was the daughter of Daniel Walker, a prominent merchant of Atlanta. Henry
took the honors in the class of 1856 at Mercer university, and began the practice of law at Monroe in 1857. He opposed secession, being the youngest member of
the secession convention, but voted for and signed the ordinance, and was made a member of the standing committee on the relations with the slave-holding states of North America. He took an active part in the war and served gallantly till its
finish, attaining the rank of major. When hostilities ended he resumed the practice of law at Monroe. He was elected to the constitutional convention of
1865, and was elected state representative in 1872, state senator in 1874, 1878 and 1880, and governor in April, 1883, to fill the term of Alexander H. Stephens,
deceased; and in 1884 for the full term, ending 1886. As governor he approved the new capitol act, choosing the five commissioners who, with the governor
as ex-officio, erected the fine structure strictly within the appropriation. During
his term of office nearly a million dollars of principal of state bonds were paid,

97-2

MEMOIRS OP GEORGIA.

and die interest upon the bonded debt of the state was reduced about $130,000 annually. Gov. McDaniel distinguished himself in the battle of Gettysburg as
a leader of Anderson's brigade in the third day of the battle, and in the retreat through Maryland was shot through the body and taken prisoner. After spending
five months in the hospitals of the north, he was sent, in December, 1863, to Johnson's Island, from which he was not released till July, 1865. Mr. McDaniel was the author of the measure which originated in the bouse of representatives during the session of 1874, taxing the railroads of the state like other property.

I M. MICHAEL, farmer, Monroe, Walton Co., Ga., son of William and Lany

" (Cannon) Michael, as born in Walton county in 1840. His paternal grand

parents were Jacob and Luanda Michael. He was a native of North Carolina,

reared a farmer, moved to Virginia, and came thence to Georgia. Mr. Michael's

father was born in Virginia, came to Georgia with his father about 1791, and

settled in what is now Oglethorpe county, and subsequently moved to Walton

count}-; here he settled in the woods and cleared a farm when the Indians were

roaming all around. For ten years he followed wagoning, a business profitably

followed at that time by up-country slave-owners and land-holders when there

were no railroads. He was superintendent of the construction of the first road

built in the county. His maternal grandparents were Spy and Lany Cannon. He

was a native of Scotland, emigrated to America when young, came to Georgia

and settled in Jones county. Mr. Michael was raised on the farm and received

a good education. In 1861 he enlisted in Company C, CapL George Hillyer (ex-

judge of the Fulton circuit court, ex-mayor and now a citizen of Atlanta), Ninth

Georgia regiment. At the end of a year he was discharged on account of

sickness; but subsequently entered the cavalry service under Capt W. D.

Grant, participated in the battles of Murfreesboro and Perryville, and served

under the command' successively of Forrest, Wheeler and Morgan. On one

occasion he was captured but remained a prisoner only thirty minutes. Afttr

the war he resumed farming and has been satisfactorily successful, has a good

farm of 630 acres and a comfortable home. Mr. Michael was married in 1866 to

Miss Alice S. Wise, born in Oglethorpe county in 1843, daughter of Sherwood

;

and Cynthia (Colquitt) Wise. He was closely related to ex-Gov. Henry A. Wise

_:

of Virginia, migrated to Georgia and settled in Ogjethorpe county. He gave his

I|

entire attention to farming, and his success met his most sanguine expectations.

i

He did faithful sen-ice as a volunteer soldier in the Seminole war. Of the

children which blessed this union seven are living: Willie S.; Monia; Annie

Laurie; Lany (who gained a scholarship at Milledgeville); Edwin E.; May, and

Nellie. His wife and four of the children are active and useful members of the

Baptist church.

\A7 E. MOOX. farmer. Monroe, Walton Co., Ga., son of Joseph and Eda (Hudson) Moon, was 1x>rn in Walton county in 1826. His paternal grandparents
were Thomas and Sarah (Brooks) Mocn. He was a native of England, and with two brothers came to America and settled in Georgia; from them the families bearing this name in the south descended. He was a farmer and lived in Colum bia county, Ga., until he died. Mr. Moon's father was born in Columbia county in 1795, moved to what is now Walton county in 1819 and lived there all his life.
He was a good farmer, a large slave-owner, a justice of the peace for twenty years and a member of the M issionary Baptist church. His maternal grandpar ents were William and Sarah (Booker) Hudson. He was a native Georgian, a

WAI/TON COUNTY SKETCHES.

973

fanner, and lived in Rockdale county, Ga., many years previous to his death. Mr.
Moon was reared on the farm and what little schooling he received was obtained at the old-time log school house. In 1862 he enlisted in Company G (Capt Barrett) Thirty-fifth Georgia regiment With his command he participated in many hard-fought battles, among them Seven Pines, Chancellorsville and Gettysburg, lie came out of the war with a capital of $13 and commenced life anew. He now owns a splendid i,i5o-acre plantation, makes good crops and is prosperous.
Mr. Moon was married Dec. 19,1844, to Miss Susan J. Willingham--born in Walton county in 1828--daughter of Cash and Martha (Moon) Willingham. He was a native of Columbia county, Ga., was a well-to-do farmer, and late in life moved to Walton county, where he died. They have eight living children: Fran cis, Cicero, Benjamin F., Stephen A. D., Robert L., Elizabeth, Columbus and William. Mr. Moon is a master Mason.

I E. NUNNALLY, farmer, Nunnally, Walton Co., Ga., son of W. M. B. and
* Mary H. (Talbot) Nunnally, was born in Walton county in 1835. His paternal grandparents were John and Susan (Burton) Nunally. He was a native of Eng land, emigrated to this country before the revolutionary war, in which he served
as a soldier in the patriot army for seven years. After the war he was sheriff of
Powhattan county, Va., thirty years, and changed the county books from British sterling pounds and pence to United States dollars and cents. In 1815 he moved
to Georgia and settled in Clarke (that part now known as Oconee) county. Mr. Nunnally's father was born in Virginia, was a soldier in the war of 1812, and came to Georgia with his father's family in 1815. In 1820 he settled in the woods
in what is now Walton county, lived in tents until he could fell timber and build
a house, and had not even a horse. He, however, went to work resolutely, pros pered, and accumulated a large and valuable estate. He was a very active and exemplary member of the Baptist church. His mother was the youngest daugh
ter of James Talbot, who was a native of Wilkes county, Ga., a brother of whom ran for congress in opposition to Gov. Troup, who defeated him by a small ma
jority. Mr. Nunnally was raised on the old homestead and received a fairly good
education at the country schools. In 1861 he enlisted in Company H (Capt. T. G. Anderson), Eleventh Georgia regiment, with which he participated in the battles of Yorktown, Richmond and Second Manassas. At this last-named battle he was severely wounded and finally had to submit to the amputation of his left leg and
return home. He was elected tax collector of the county and served to the close of the war. Just before its close he collected as much as $1,000,000 a month-- Confederate currency. At this time a horse and buggy were the sum total of his
possessions, but now he is the happy and prosperous possessor of nearly 600 acres of as good land as there is in the county, and of the unaffected esteem of his fellowcitizens, as is evidenced by the public positions to which they have elected him
and in which they have kept him. He served the county twelve years as a jury commissioner; he was elected in 1890 to represent the senatorial district, com prising Clarke, Oconee, Walton, Newton and Rockdale counties, in the general assembly, and served on the committees on lunatic asylum, of which he was chair man, railroads, temperance and enrollment. He is chairman of the county board of education and of the democratic congressional committee. Mr. Nunnally made
his first purchase of land and was married to Miss Sallie M. Hardeman, daughter of W. B. Hardeman, in 1865. Mr. Hardeman was a soldier in the Seminole war and is now fanning in Morgan county, Ga. Mr. Nunnally is a master Mason,
and himself and wife are members of the Missionary Baptist church.

974

MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

J P. ROCKMORE, merchant-farmer, Loganville, Walton Co., Ga., son of E.
M. and Nancy A. (Thompson) Rockmore, was born in Newton county, Ga., in 1845. His grandparents on his father's side, John and Mary (Barnes) Rockmore, were native Georgians. He was a son of an emigrant from France who came to this country when young and settled in Georgia; wag a planter all his life, accumulated quite a large property, and was a member of the Missionary Baptist church. Mr. Rockmore's father was born in what is now Newton county in 1814, followed farming all his life, was a soldier during the Seminole war, acquired large estate, and died in 1858. He was a deacon in the Missionary Baptist church. His grandparents on his mother's side were Joe and Elizabeth (Lemsford) Thompson. He was born in Wilkes county, Ga., in 1797, was a planter and quite rich, and moved to Mississippi, where he died. Mr. Rock-
more was raised on the farm and received but a limited education. In 1863 he enlisted in a company commanded by Capt Carroll, but being seriously injured by the running away of a mule, was compelled to return home. After the war he found himself the possessor of a horse, so he bought a small farm and began life, worked hard and saved some money. In 1873 he embarked in a general merchandising business at Loganville, in which he has been successful, does a large and satisfactory business, and has, besides, large and profitable milling and cotton-ginning interests. Mr. Rockmore was married in 1867 to Miss Elizabeth Braswell--born in Gwinnett county, Ga., in 1848--daughter of Ephraim and Dollie A. (Moore) Braswell. He was born in South Carolina, whence he moved to Geor
gia in 1828 and settled in Walton county. He was a farmer and merchant and served in the Seminole war. Himself and wife lived to be seventy years old. Of the children which blessed this union seven survive: Marshall L., Ephraim, Maude,
Estella, Claude, Dollie A. and Henry Grady. Mr. Rockmore and his wife are active members of the Methodist church.

D R. SMITH, merchant-farmer, Social Circle, Walton Co., Ga., son of W. G. and " K. (Hardwick) Smith, was born in Jasper county, Ga., in 1839. His paternal
grandfather was Guy Smith. He was born in Virginia, of English descent, was a large planter, a Primitive Baptist preacher, and served as a soldier in the patriot army during the revolutionary war. Some time after the close of the war he migrated to Georgia and settled permanently in Oglethorpe county. Mr. Smith's father was born in Virginia in 1776, came with his father to Georgia,
and became an extensive planter and prominent in public and political affairs. He was captain of a company during the last war with Great Britain. He was an "old tine" whig before the war, and at one time was spoken of as a candidate for governor. He moved from Oglethorpe to Jasper county, where he died in 1865. He was a man of great natural ability and force of character--prominent and popular. Mr. Smith's maternal grandmother, Mary (Coffee) Hardwick, Geor gia born, came of a family among the oldest in the state. Mr. Smith was reared on the farm, received a good primary education, attended and was graduated from Emory college, Oxford, Ga. During the war between the states he served on detail duty with the rank of captain, and continued in the service until the sur render. After that event he resumed his agricultural operations with the most
satisfactory results, and in 1878 moved to Social Circle and engaged in general merchandising, in which he has succeeded in establishing the second largest busi ness in the city. He continues his planting interests with unabated ardor and vigor in running a fifty-horse farm. Progressive, enterprising, energetic and of unusual business ability and sagacity, he ranks high in the social and commercial

WALTON COUNTY SKETCHES.

975

world. Mr. Smith was married in 1863 to Miss Lizzie Flournoy--born in Jasper
county in 1842--daughter of W. M. and Sarah (Maddox) Flournoy. He was a
native of Jasper county, and was a large and wealthy planter. This wife died an exemplary member of the Methodist church, leaving one child, B. G. In 1889 he contracted a second marriage with Miss Maggie Barrett--born in Walton coun
ty in 1843--daughter of Dr. W. S. and Elizabeth Barrett He was an early settler
in Walton county, had an excellent reputation professionally and as a citizen, and attained to great prominence and influence. He served during the unpleasantness as a captain and as a surgeon, and has represented the county in the general assem
bly. Mr. Smith is a very ardent member of the masonic fraternity, in the mysteries of which he is very far advanced, and himself and wife are very prominent and
influential members of the Methodist church.

A J. SWORD, farmer, Loganville, Walton Co., Ga., son of John and Mary (Casson) Sword, was born in Walton count}- in 1837. His paternal grand
father, James Sword, was a native of Ireland, migrated to the country when
young, and settled in Pennsylvania, and served seven years as a soldier in the patriot army during the revolutionary war. After independence was proclaimed he
came to Georgia and lived to the age of one hundred and four years. Mr. Sword's
father was born in Lincoln county, Ga., and moved to what is now Walton county in 1812, and that same year enlisted as a soldier in the last war with Great Britain. His principal occupation was farming, but he also worked as a mechanic. Six of his sons served in the Confederate army during the war between the states, one
of whom was killed, and another died of fever while in the service. His maternal grandfather, James F. Casson, was born in Edgefield district, S. C., whence he came to Georgia in 1810, and settled in what is now Walton county. He followed
farming all his life. Mr. Sword was reared on the farm, and received a good education under the tuition of Robert Gwinn, one of the best country school
teachers of his time. In 1862 he enlisted in Company D, Capt. W. D. Grant, Second Georgia cavalry, and with his command participated in many important battles, among them: Murfreesboro (first and second battles) ; Perryville, with the command that drove the Union forces from Lookout Point; Chickamauga,
New Hope Church and Waynesboro, where he had his horse shot from under him. After the war he came home very poor, but by hard work and economy he has become the owner of a 4OO-acre tract of good land, has a comfortable home
and the respect and esteem of his fellow-citizens. Mr. Sword was married in 1859
to Miss Amy L. Moon, born in Walton county in 1842, daughter of J. M. and Mary E. (Richardson) Moon. Her grandfather, William Richardson, was a soldier in the revolutionary war. Her father was born in Columbia county, Ga., was a volunteer soldier in the Seminole war, is still living in Walton county, and
draws a pension. Of the children born to Mr. and Mrs. Sword, nine are living: Mary E, John M., Fannie W., W. H., James T., A. F., Annie, Carrie B. and Sallie
W. Mr. Sword has been a justice of the peace for many years, and is a member of
the masonic fraternity.

976

MEMOIRS OF GKORGIA.

WARE COUNTY.
MILES ALBERTSOX, an energetic and prosperous business man of Waycross, Ware Co., was born April 8, 1845. He is a native of Rohrsburgh,
Columbia Co., Penn., where his father, Edward Albertson, was a successful farmer, who died in 1862; his wife was Almira Albertson. The son, Miles, was being given a good common school education, but after his father's death he left school and devoted himself to the carrying on of the farm and the care of the younger children until 1871. In November of that year he engaged in the manufacture of lumber, introducing the first portable mills into that part of the state, and continuing in the business for about ten years. In May, 1881, with his brother, W. C. Albertson, he came to Georgia and founded the town of Braganza, building a large mill and taking up extensive tracts of land, some 2,000 acres, besides large stumpage privileges. Seven years later they moved the mill to Clinch Haven, Clinch Co., and having greatly enlarged it, engaged in business with Paxton & Mattox, to whom he sold out in December, 1888, and who still carry on a thriving business. Mr. Albertson then came to Waycross for the purpose cif educating his children, and the following July entered into a contract with the city of Waycross to establish the excellent system of electric lights now in use. Later he engaged in planing mill business with R. H. Murphy & Co., which business, after enlarging, he combined with his own. On New Year's day, 1890, the lights were first turned on. The following August he organized the Satilla Manufacturing company with a capital of $52,000, of which J. S. Bailey is presi dent; H. W. Wilson, secretary and treasurer, and Mr. Albertson himself superin tendent and general manager; for the grand success of which the credit is due chiefly to Mr. Albertson, as well as for the extension of the business, which has become an important factor in the development of Waycross. In March, 1891, this company built the ice factory which now supplies the city, having a capacity of six tons per day. In June, 1893, Mr. Albertson leased from the corporation, for the term of five years, the entire combined plant, as lessee becoming sole proprietor and manager. The products are largely shipped north and to south Florida, through correspondence. Mr. Albertson has been a stockholder and director in the South Georgia bank from the time of its incorporation. He is also waterworks commissioner, and, in fact, has from the first identified his own interests with those of the city of his adoption, whose upbuilding he has constantly forwarded. He is a member of the masonic fraternity. May 18, 1871, Mr. Albertson married Miss Hittie Ann Hayman. They have been blessed with four children, two sons and two daughters. The eldest son, Ward Benjamin, is assistant cashier of the South Georgia bank; the eldest daughter, Emma B., is attending school at Macon.
QILBERT M. ARCHER, Waycross, Ware Co., Ga., only son of David Isaiah and Sarah Elizabeth (Lee) Archer, was born in Screven county, Ga., July
15,1855. His father was a farmer with whom he remained until twenty-one years of age, receiving such educational advantages as were afforded by the common schools. Having attained his majority he entered the employ of Leon Johnson, and was for two years engaged with him in the mill and lumber business, after which he engaged with the Atlantic & Gulf (now Savannah, Florida & Western) railroad, as track hand, at forty cents per day, a small remuneration, but affording

WARE COUNTY SKETCHES.

977

an excellent stepping stone to something better, for in three weeks Mr. Archer received promotion to the place of foreman; two years later he was advanced to roadway and construction train service, and after six months was appointed a supervisor. About four months later he was sent to Jacksonville to assist in building the Waycross Short Line from Jacksonville to Waycross. After the completion of this enterprise he returned to Savannah, remaining there as super visor two years, when he was sent to the Gainesville division of the Savannah,. Florida & Western railroad and located at Jasper, Fla., for six years; Jan. i, 1889, he was transferred to Waycross as supervisor, in which position he still remains.
Although the business of the railroad demands Mr. Archer's constant attention, he nevertheless takes a deep interest in public affairs, and especially in whatever tends to the advancement of the city, and at present represents his ward in the city council. He is a member of the Roadmasters' association, and also of the masonic fraternity. In November, 1878, Mr. Archer married Miss Elizabeth Palmel Smith, daughter of Millington and Caroline (Best) Smith of Screven county. Mr. Smith was government agent, and cared for the families of soldiers during the war; the elder Mr. Archer was also in the Confederate army, and most of the time with the Effingham Hussars. Mr. and Mrs. Archer have one daughter.

P)R. WILLIAM PIERRE BABCOCK, a leading citizen of Millwood, Ware Co., Ga., a native of Rhode Island, was born at Westerly, Sept. n, 1839,
and is a son of Pierre Greene and Martha (Wilcox) Babcock. He was well educated, having attended the public schools and academies in his native city and later in New York state, where he received -his diploma from the Oswego Homeopathic Medical society, to which the training of hospital practice was added. In September, 1861, he enlisted in Company D, of the Eighty-first New York infantry. He received various promotions, so that at the close of the war he was mustered out a captain. He was in several different brigades and corps, and at of great promise, just ready to enter the profession of medicine and surgery with the time of mustering out was provost marshal of Gloucester county, Va. Mr. Babcock was in numerous engagements, the chief ones being: Yorktown,
Williamsburg, Fair Oaks, Malvern Hill, White Oak Swamp and Cold Harbor, where he was wounded and sent to the hospital. He was with the Federal forces which were first to enter Richmond, and his regiment was placed in charge of Libby prison. The year preceding the Federal prisoners had constructed a Union flag from mutilated clothing of suitable colors, and on the Fourth of July flung it to the breeze. Of course it was confiscated by the Confederates, who concealed it, and Mr. Babcock was so fortunate as to find it during his stay in Richmond. This flag was carried off by northern relic hunters. Dr. Babcock assisted in raising the first Union flag over Castle Thunder--the political prison of the Con federacy. The commanding officer of Libby prison placed him in charge of the ward in which were confined the Confederate officers--military and political. The
health of Dr. Babcock has been impaired ever since the war, and he draws a pension from the government. At the close of the war he returned to New York, where, with the exception of short intervals he remained until the fall of 1878, when he came to Georgia; settling first at Glenmore, afterward at McDonald's Mills, Coffee Co., and later at Millwood, his present home, where he has been chiefly engaged in the mercantile business, practicing medicine but little. Dr. Babcock is a member of the Grand Army of the Republic, and also of the masonic fraternity, and is worshipful master of the local lodge. March 16, 1864, Dr. Babcock was married to Miss Cecilia Margaret Davis, daughter of David and
11-62

978

MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

Sarah (Cole) Davis. They have now no children, their eldest son, a young man of great promise, just ready to enter the profession of medicine and surgery with marked honors and attainments, having been buried March n, 1894. A younger
son died Sept 19, 1883.

JAMES STACY BAILEY, a prominent citizen of Duke, Ware Co., Ga., was born in Montgomery county, Ga., Oct. 9, 1848. His father, William Stacy
I'ailey, was born in Woolwich, Me., March 5, 1818, his parents being Abner and Mahala Bailey--the former descended from an Englishman who accompanied a certain duke on his mission to this country to lay out a grant of land he had
acquired. Meanwhile Bailey's son and the duke's daughter yielded to the pas sion of love and ran away and were married. The lady was disinherited, but in course of time, all other lineage having become extinct, the duke sought to find her, the only inheritor of an estate amounting to over three million dollars. Her
descendants were found, but during the revolutionary war all records of the mar riage had been destroyed; unable to prove this marriage, nearly a century was spent in a vain attempt to prove their title to the estate, which eventually reverted to the treasury of the English government. Mr. Bailey's grandfather was a soldier in the war of 1812 and his great-grandfather was a soldier in the war
of the revolution. William Stacy Bailey after numerous vicissitudes settled in Montgomery count}-, Ga., in 1846, where he married Miss Mary Elizabeth Pit man, July 20, 1847, who died in 1886, after which he married Mrs. Nancy Clemens, widow of Senator Clayton Clemens. In 1855 he brought his family to Ware county, settling near the present site of Waycross, on a farm of 500 acres; which
homestead still belongs to the family, in addition to some city property. During the war Mr. Bailey served as private and as captain, having charge of the Rifles
at Atlanta. He has been in the lumbering business during his entire residence in Georgia, and was treasurer of Ware county for twelve years. He is a devoted Methodist and also a member of the masonic fraternity. His son, James Stacy, was but a child when the family moved to Ware county, where he received train
ing both from private tutors and in the common schools. He early developed remarkable business talent, especially for milling, in which he became interested when but eighteen years of age. With his father and brother he engaged in
extensive lumbering operations on the Satilla river. Two years later he formed a partnership with his father and Cuyler W. Hilliard, and three years afterward Mr. R. B. Reppard, of Savannah, was admitted to the firm, which lasted three years, when Mr. Reppard purchased the entire business. Mr. Bailey then formed
a new partnership with Mr. Hilliard for lumbering operations in Nassau county, Fla., in connection with a mercantile business, which was carried on some thirteen or fourteen years. For two years of this time Mr. Bailey, with his brother, was
vorking on the Saint Mary's river as J. S. Bailey & Co. In 1890 he closed out both these partnerships and bought an interest in the firm of W. T. Scott & Co., also
in the lumbering business. About the same time he entered the Satilla Manufac
turing company, of which he is president. Mr. Bailey was one of the organizers
and is now one of the directors of the South Georgia bank. He is a very large owner of real estate, of which some is in Tennessee, some in Florida, some in
Georgia. He owns about 5,000 acres, with a lease of 35,000 acres that has not been cut, and his mill is one of the largest in the state. During his residence in
Florida Mr. Bailey represented his district--Nassau county--in the state senate for four years. He is a master Mason and takes great interest in the fraternity.
Mr. Bailey is an ardent Methodist, a trustee ^ind a steward of the church, and also superintendent of the Sabbath school of the Methodist Episcopal church in

&/ '"/ .

WARE COUNTY SKETCHES.

979

Duke. Jan. 30, 1877, Mr. Bailey married Miss Margaret Elizabeth Hilliard, daughter of Cuyler W. Hilliard, of Hilliard, Fla. After her death he married, in August, 1890, Miss Mattie May Taylor, daughter of Rev. John R. Taylor, of the Florida conference. Mr. Bailey's two partners, Walter T. Lott and Calvin L.
Thigpen, are his brothers-in-law, having each married one of his sisters.

DOBINSON PULASKI BIRD is the third son of James Robinson and Mary Holmes (Daniels) Bird, and was born Dec. 12, 1842, at Taylor's Creek, Lib
erty Co., Ga. His father was a leading Methodist of that region and also quite prominent in public affairs, being for a number of years justice of the inferior court
The father of Judge Bird was a soldier in the war of the revolution and a witness of the surrender of Cornwallis at Yorktown. Mr. Bird's grandfather, Daniels, also served in that memorable struggle. Mr. Robinson was educated in an insti
tute in Liberty county, at the age of nineteen years entered the army as a non commissioned cavalry officer, and at the close of the war was second sergeant, having declined further promotion. He served throughout the war, participating
in many engagements, being in the Fifth Georgia cavalry, commanded by Gen. R. H. Anderson, now only seventy-five strong, but with 200 left out of the six regiments in his brigade. He also served on Gen. Andersen's staff in the Florida campaign of 1864. After the war Mr. Bird engaged extensively in the mill and lumber business until the product declined to ruinous prices. In 1876 he engaged in teaching, alternating it with mercantile and other business, his health precluding
constant teaching. He established schools in Bulloch and Jefferson counties,
which are still flourishing, and was largely influential in the elevation of the schools in these sections. In 1888 he moved to Waycross, where he has con tinued the work of education, and has also been engaged in contracting for the construction of buildings and in newspaper work with the "Herald." During
the years 1893 and 1894 Mr. Bird has served as clerk of the city council, and is clerk of the water-works commission and of the board of health. He is a devoted Methodist and has been secretary of the St. Paul Sunday school for many years. He is a member of the Society of Confederate Veterans, and is also an active temperance worker--a member of the Good Templars. July 25, 1866, Mr. Bird was married to Miss Josephine Sarah Hines, whose father, Judge Thomas R. Hines, of Savannah and Effingham, was many years a member of the general assembly. He is a large land and mill-owner, notwithstanding he lost probably $50,000 by destruction of property during Sherman's march through the state. Mr. and Mrs. Bird are the parents of three sons and three daughters, all now at home. The sons are all promising young men, rising in business, and taking a place in the foremost ranks of society. The oldest, Charles R., is farming; the second, Thomas P., is foreman of a railroad department; the third, Joseph Gor
don, a namesake of Gen. Gordon, is a dealer in beef. Mr. Bird1 has a sword which was carried through the war.

CTEPHEN LINCOLN BISHOP, Waycross, Ware Co., Ga., is the eldest son of Ephraim and Hannah (Hendrickson) Bishop, and was born in Champaign
county, 111. He received his early education in the common schools of his native county and later attended a business college in Wellington, Kas. He then began business for himself, farming one year, and after that teaching for four years in the schools of Summer county, Kas. He came to Waycross in March, 1888, and accepted a position with the Cherokee Farm and Nursery company, with which
he has continued his connection, and is now a strckholder and secretary of the company. Mr. Bishop has been active politically in connection with the Farmers'

MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.
alliance, and subsequently with the people's party, and is at present chairman of the county committee. Mr. Bishop was married Jan. 29, 1888, at Anson, Kas., to Miss Stella Blanche Cromer, daughter of Joseph P. and Margaret M. Cromer, of Summer county, Kas. The father was a farmer and a soldier in the Federal army during the late war and marched with Sherman from Atlanta to the sea. Mr. and Mrs. Bishop have been blessed with two daughters.
\yiLLIAM J. CARSWELL, Waycross, Ware Co., Ga., is the third son of Matthew and Harriet Eliza (Kilpatrick) Carswell, and descended from Scotch
and Irish ancestors who several generations ago settled in St. George's parish. His grandfather was a captain in the revolutionary army, and the land on which he lived is still in the possession of the family. Matthew J. was a farmer, but a man of public spirit who for a number of years was on the board of education. He served in the Confederate army during the last year of the war; his eldest son was also a soldier and surrendered with Johnston's army. Another son, Dr. Alexander Washington Carswell, came from Burke county to Waycross in 1884 and established a very successful practice. He was a. prominent and influential citizen and mayor of Waycross in 1889; he had just been re-elected for 1890 \vhen he died, leaving three children and his widow, now Mrs. George L. Youmans. William J. Carswell, who was born in Whitfield county, Aug. 19, 1854, was educated in the common schools at Hephzibah. In 1873 he began clerking, but after four years was obliged to give it up on account of his health, and engaged in fanning. This was followed by two years of school teaching, and then he entered the mill service, which business he still follows. He has been for six years a member of the board of education. He is a deacon in the Baptist church, which he has several times represented at conferences. He has been an Odd Fellow, but his other duties preclude his giving much attention to this. April 20, 1877, Mr. Carswell married Miss Mamie Lyon, who died four years later, leaving one daughter. April 13, 1882, he married Miss Lilla T. Jones, daughter of Thomas F. and Eliza J. Jones, and by this union has another daugh ter. Mr. Carswell is warmly interested in the welfare of Waycross and active in every effort for the city's advancement.
CTEPHEX EDWARD CRIBB, Glenmore, Ware Co., Ga., first-born son of John Thompson and Annie (Williams) Cribb, was born Aug. 21, 1853, in
Georgetown district, S. C. His father, who was a farmer, died when he was but eight years old, and two years later he was obliged to earn his own living, having obtained such education only as a boy of that age could acquire in the common schools. But he must have made excellent use of his opportunities, as at this early age, ten years, he entered as clerk into a store connected with a turpentine firm, where he remained for six years. He then engaged in the turpentine business on his own account until 1883. Up to this time Mr. Cribb had remained in his native county, but that year he moved to Georgia, making his home in Glenmore, Ware Co., where he still remains. The next year he engaged in mercantile business, and also as agent for the Savannah, Florida & Western railroad. At the end of three years he discontinued the railroad agency, engaging instead in the turpentine business, and also continuing his traffic in general merchandise. In November, 1893, he added a saw-mill plant, which he now operates in connec tion with a planing mill and barrel stave machine, as well as his turpentine still. Mr. Cribb has also an interest in a store in Jennings, Fla., in partnership with M. L. Harton, under the firm name of M. L. Harton & Co., an enterprise which was'originally undertaken by Mr. Cribb himself some three years before. Mr.

WARE COUNTY SKETCHES.

ggl

Cribb's specialty is the turpentine business, he having a farm of 6,000 acres, with about 4,000 acres in operation. The store, saw-mill, etc., are merely adjunct to this, the staves and lumber being mostly on orders from others. In all these different enterprises he employs about seventy men. Mr. Cribb is also a justice of the peace and notary public. He was married in 1877 to Miss Mary Jane Newton of Horry county, S. C. Her father, William Newton, a first lieutenant in the Confederate army, was killed near Richmond. Mr. and Mrs. Cribb have four boys and one girl living.

DURRELL SMITH FISHER, an active business man of Millwood, Ware Co., Ga., was born at Whiteville, Columbus Co., N. C., March 25, 1857. His father,
Bryant Fisher, was a fanner, engaged in the turpentine business and served in the Confederate army during the civil war. He was captured in the seven days' fight before Richmond, but soon after was exchanged. Mrs. Fisher was Miss Nancy Jane Dyson, the daughter of a wealthy farmer, who died at the beginning of the war, but her brothers were in the service of the Confederacy, and one of them, Benjamin Dyson, received a wound in the shoulder, which resulted in his death. Young Fisher enjoyed but meager educational priviliges, attending school less than a year, but made good use of these. He worked for nine years at the cooper's trade in his old home, then, at the age of twenty-six, came to Worth county, Ga., and for three years ran a turpentine still for H. Woodman & Co. He then removed to Ware county and engaged in farming and operating a ginnery for D. EL Coleman, with whom, in December, 1889, he embarked in the manufacture of naval stores. In December, 1892, he bought out Mr. Coleman, and has since then carried on the business alone. He works some twelve lots, only one of which he owns, the remainder being on lease; he employs about sixty men and nine mules and horses, and has his own cooper-shop for making pine barrels. Beginning without education or means, he has by untiring industry and energy, strict economy and prudent investment, under what he is pleased to acknowledge a "smiling Providence," prospered, and is thankful that what he terms a "bright little bunch of children" have always been amply provided for. Dec. 7, 1875, he was married to Miss Nancy Catharine Guinn, daughter of John and Nancy Guinn of Onslow county, N. C. Mr. and Mrs. Fisher have been blessed with eight children: Lillie P., naval stores manufacturer; a son, sixteen years old (name not given), who manages the commissary department for his father; Eddie Franklin; Burrell B.; Willie Lee; Henry Grady; Chester Arthur, and Ruby Pearl. Mr. Fisher is a stanch democrat and a member of the masonic fraternity.
WILLIAM BARDEN FOLKS, M. D., who died in Ware county in April, 1886, is well worthy of commemoration, for his influence was not only wide-
spreading but enduring--being still felt, although he has passed from earth. Dr. Folks was born in Jefferson county, Ga., Nov. 6, 1830. He received a good common school education, and then devoted himself to the study of the healing art, and in 1855 graduated from the medical college at Savannah. After a year's practice in his native county he established himself in Ware county in a practice of wide extent and very lucrative. The first few years of the long period of his residence in Ware county, his home was in Waresboro, at that time the county seat; later for many years he lived at Waycross, where he was not only prominent and popular as a physician, but as a citizen, honored and well-beloved; for a number of years he was mayor of Waycross, and for a term was senator from the Fifth district in the general assembly. During the war he was a surgeon in the

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Confederate army, in which service he contracted the disease which ultimately terminated his life. In December, 1849, Dr. Folks married Miss Mary Jefferson Miller, and to them were born three sons: F. G, G. P. and W. B.

pRANK CLINGMAN FOLKS, M. D., the first-born son of Dr. William B. Folks, and the worthy heir of his honorable name, was born in Jefferson
county, Oct. 13, 1852, and came with his parents to Ware county in 1857. The following years were passed at Waresboro, Tebeauville, Whigham and Valdosta, Ga., successively, at each of which the education of the youth in the elementary branches progressed rapidly, so that on reaching manhood he was well fitted to act well his part in life, and finally entered the employ of the Atlantic & Gulf railroad at Savannah. But with a natural and laudable interest in the profession so long and honorably represented by his father, he began the study of medicine in 1874 in the office of Dr. William Duncan, and took a course of lectures in Savannah Medical college, graduating in March, 1876. The young physician began practice in Homerville, Clinch Co., and after two years there and one year in Jasper, Fla., he removed to Waycross in 1880, where he has since remained. Dr. Folks emulates his honored father not only as an eminent physician, but as a valued citizen of his town and state, ever watchful for whatever may be fof their best interest His disinterested efforts in their behalf are recognized by his fellow-townsmen, and Dr. Folks is at present mayor of his city, a dignity which has also been conferred upon him in former years. In 1888 and 1889 he was honored with the election as state senator from this district, the Fifth. Dr. Folks is local surgeon for the Plant system, and member of the National Association of Railway Surgeons; he is also a member of the masonic fraternity.

f^L P. FOLKS, physician and surgeon, Waycross, Ware Co., Ga., is a son of * W. B. and Mary E. (Jefferson) Folks, and was born in the county where he
now lives March 24, 1866. He attended the common schools and helped his father in the drug business in his early years, later conducting a drug store of his own. He applied himself to the study of medicine and was graduated with high honors at the Louisville Medical college in 1889. He began the practice of his profession at Dupont, Ga., but a year later moved to Waycross, where he has been eminently successful, having established a large and remunerative practice. He married Miss Bell Knox, daughter of Capt J. Knox, a prominent citizen of the county, and they have two children, Helen D. and Franklin P. Dr. Folks belongs to the Methodist church, while his wife is a Presbyterian. He is an enthusiast in his profession, and belongs to local as well as national medical associations. Dr. Folks is a member of the Knights of Pythias and I. O. O. F. fraternities, taking great interest in each. In politics he is a democrat In connection with his practice Dr. Folks owns a fine farm in Ware county, which he profitably manages. With his interesting family he lives in a fine new resi dence in Waycross.

JAMES HENRY GILLON, a well-known business man of Waycross, Ware Co., Ga., is a native of Macon, born Feb. 28, 1859. His parents were James
Henry and Mary Frances (Hobbs) Gillon, the former a master mechanic of the old Macon & Brunswick railroad, a Mason of high degree, and also an Odd Fellow. The son, James Henry, received a common school education, after which he served an apprenticeship to E. Crockett, Macon, Ga., as founder and moulder. After the termination of this apprenticeship in 1880 he continued some years in the employ of Mr. Crockett, then moved to Brunswick, Ga., where for

\V. D. HAMILTON.

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four years he worked as foreman for E. Briesewick. In May, 1887, he came to Waycross and started a foundry and machine shop, which he continues to operate with success. July i, 1804, he formed a partnership with Gordon G. Parker, under the firm name of Gillon & Parker; they are constructing a plant in order to increase capacity and supply the growing demand, and expect to at least double their productions this year. Mr. Gillon has purchased the site for the new plant, and a home in Waycross, in the advancement of which city he mani fests a hearty interest For three years he was a member of the Waycross city council, 1888-89-90; and is now first lieutenant of the Waycross Rifles, in rank the second company in the state. He is a member of the Episcopal church, in which he is a vestryman, and a lay reader; he is also a member of the Knights of Pythias, of which order he has been an officer. Feb. 16, 1882, Mr. Gillon married Miss Alice Margaret Hudson, daughter of Richard B. and Sallie Hudson, of Macon, Ga. Mr. and Mrs. Gillon have two daughters.
Ii ;'
QHARLES MARVIN GRIPPING, of Waycross, Ware Co., is the second son of David Combs and Marilla (Hilliard) Griffing, of Norwich, N. Y., in which
place he was born Oct. 10, 1870. He was educated at home and in the common schools of his native town and in 1892 began for himself by engaging in a news paper enterprise at Macclenny, Fla. After eight months he sold out and came to Waycross, where in November he engaged with the Cherokee Farm and Nursery company, in which he has been very successful, having had previous nursery experience. He is now a stockholder and manager of the Cherokee business. Mr. Griffing is still unmarried. A young man of courage and perseverance, he is
on the highway to success.

WILLIAM DYSON HAMILTON, a well-known citizen of Waycross, Ware Co., is a native of Washington, Wilkes Co., Ga., and was born June 9, 1832.
He is the only one living of the ten children of George and Elizabeth (Dyson) Hamilton, the former a planter who died before the late war. Mrs. Hamilton is of English ancestry, an early progenitor of hers being a clergyman, Rev. Dyson, who came over with Oglethorpe. The Dyson family for generations has been prominent in Wilkes county. Young Hamilton was educated at his birthplace, where he remained until 1856, in the fall of which year he went to Augusta to accept a position in the clerical department of the Augusta & Savannah railway, under Dr. Francis T. Mills, who was the president of the company. A year later he resigned this position and in 1858 moved to Screven county and engaged in merchandising, together with farming; he was the owner of Station No. 5, at Halcyon Dale, and owned the place, controlling the agency until 1875. At the outbreak of the war Mr. Hamilton raised a company--"Brown" Light infantry-- with which, as its captain, he entered the service of the Confederacy, Aug. 9, 1861, and was assigned to coast service on Tybee island, being a part of the Twenty-fifth Georgia regiment, which he had helped to form, and which was commanded by Col. (later general) Claudius C. Wilson. Upon the fall of Fort Royal the island was evacuated and the regiment returned to duty about Sa vannah. In January, 1862, Capt Hamilton was so injured, his foot being crushed by the fall of a horse, that in May he was obliged to leave the service and return home. He afterward recruited a part of a cavalry company designing to re-enter the service, but was not able to do so, and was at home at the time of Sherman's march, the camp of the latter at one time being for three days within three miles of Mr. Hamilton's home. In 1877 Mr. Hamilton moved from Screven to Effingham county, still making farming his business, and in 1884 he moved to Waycross,

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MEMOIRS OP GEORGIA.

his present home. As well as being a successful manager of his own private affairs, Mr. Hamilton has been prominent for many years in the public affairs of his native state. For three years, 1868-69-70, he represented Screven county in the state legislature, where he was on several important committees. Since coming to Waycross he was for three years clerk of the city council, and has been connected with city and county courts and is now justice of the peace; he has also been a member of the board of education for Waycross and is president of the Ware Count}- Veterans' association. Mr. Hamilton is a faithful member of the Baptist church; in politics he is a democrat, and is a prominent Mason, and for six consecutive years served as worshipful master. July 16, 1857, Mr. Hamilton married the daughter of Maj. Willis Young, of Screven county, Miss Alice Young. She has since died, leaving one daughter, married, and having one child. Oct 12, 1874, Mr. Hamilton married Miss Florence E. Brewer, daughter of George J!rewer, and they have been blessed with two sons and four daughters. Mr. Hamilton and his family live happily in their pleasant home, and are greatly es teemed in the community.

JOHX HEXRY HILLHOUSE, a progressive citizen of Waresboro, Ware Co., Ga., was born in Randolph county, Ga., Sept. 14, 1864. He is the second
s-on of Ricliard Henry and Georgia Amanda (Roper) Hillhouse, the former a prominent architect and builder of Cuthbert, Ga., who served in the Confederate army, was wounded, and returned home and died before the close of the war. The father of Mrs. Hillhousc was the owner of a large plantation in Calhoun county. Ga., and was killed by one of his slaves who, when on the scaffold about to be hung, confessed that he had stolen up behind his master, who was reading under a tree and had slain him with his hoe. The education of young Hillhouse was obtained chiefly in the common schools of Shellman, Randolph Co., Ga. In 1876 he entered a store at Poland, Ga., as salesman, and after remaining there two years, accepted a position as operator and agent with the Bnmswick & Western railway, in whose employ he has since remained, working at different points, but since April 5, 1889, at Waresboro. He is agent both-for the express and railway companies, as well as telegraph operator, and deals somewhat in real estate. He manifests great interest in public affairs and is a member of the city council and of the school board. Mr. Hillhouse is a member and deacon of the Missionary Baptist church. Xov. 3,1886, he married Miss Orrie Louise Costellow, daughter of William H. and Louise Costellow, a union which has been blessed with three children: Charles H., Louise M. and Frank B.

U ONT. LEMUEL JOHXSOX, one of the most highly esteemed citizens of Waycross, Ware Co., Ga., and a successful merchant and lumber dealer, was born
in Appling county May 5, 1844. He is the son of Hon. Duncan and Lujoyce (Sellers) Johnson, both natives of Georgia, their parents having come to this state from Xorth Carolina in the early days when settlers were few and the Indians numerous. Duncan Johnson was a farmer who represented his county in the general assembly two terms: was justice of the inferior court many years, and served in the Indian war. He was a man of unswerving integrity and honor, and was among the leading men of his county. He died June 27, 1857, aged sixty years; his widow died June 17,1867, aged fifty-four years. They were the parents of eleven children, of whom nine grew to maturity, and eight are still living: Samuel I").: Silda. now Mrs. Matthew Smith, of Appling county; Mary, now
Mrs. B. O- Quinn. of Wayne county: Sophronia; Lemuel; James M., living in Fierce count}": Keziah. now Mrs. Joseph Corson, of Appling county; Duncan,

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now living in Florida; Ellen, now Mrs. John H. Sweat, of Pierce county. Lemuel Johnson enlisted Aug. 12, 1861, in Company F, Twenty-sixth Georgia regiment, Col. E. N. Atkinson. He was a musician, but volunteered for the seven days' fight around Richmond, and served through the war; still has his parole, dated at the surrender, April 9, 1865. In 1867 he began business for himself in the town of Sellers, twenty-five miles from the railroad, carrying on a mercantile busi ness in connection with his farm with splendid success. Three years later he moved to Pierce county, and carried on the same business for a like period of time. He then added the lumber business to his trade in general merchandise, and these two lines of business have engaged his attention ever since. In 1880 he moved to Appling county, and later to Ware county, with constantly increasing success, becoming the possessor of wealth, the merited reward of sturdy effort and strict integrity. His responsibilities are numerous and weighty, as an enumera tion of them will show. He is a member of the firm of Stilhvell, Millen & Co., Sa vannah; L. R. Millen & Co., New York, and Benrick Lumber Co., Hazelhurst. He is also general manager of the Waycross Lumber Co.; president of the Augusta Lumber Co.; general manager of Waycross Air-line Railroad Co.; part owner of Millen & Son's railroad from Millen to Stillmore, Ga.; a stock holder in the Satilla Manufacturing Co.--electric light, ice factory and planing mill; a stockholder and director of the First National bank, and also in the bank of Waycross; a stockholder in the C. C. Grace Co., which is doing an im mense wholsesale and retail business in Waycross. The Waycross Lumber Co., mentioned above, is the most extensive lumber-dealing concern in the state, owning 360 lots of land of 490 acres each, and manufacturing and shipping to all parts of the world. But Mr. Johnson has too much public spirit to confine his efforts entirely to the accumulation of wealth, and is known far and wide for his interest in every good and noble cause. He represented his district, Appling, Wayne and Pierce counties, in the Georgia senate from 1880 to 1884, and his rec ord was a most excellent one. He has refused further legislative honors, but gladly furthers the interests of his home city." Here he is a member of the school board, one of the trustees of school property, and a member of the sanitary and waterworks commission. He was on the building committee of the fine new M. E. church, of which he is an ardent and faithful member, has been steward, and is on the board of trustees. Has been for four years one of the trustees of Emory college, Oxford, one of the best equipped educational institutions of the Methodist church in the south. Besides all this he finds time to keep up his standing in the orders of Knights of Pythias and Knights of Honor, of which he is past dictator, and of the masonic fraternity, in which he holds one of the highest offices in the gift of the chapter, and is one of the trustees of the property--a fine block. Feb. 3, 1869, Mr. Johnson married Miss Anna J. Youmans, daughter of Charles and Eliza (Lagg) Youmans, of Pierce county. Mr. Youmans, a prominent farmer, was justice of the inferior court for many years, and filled other offices of trust and honor to the satisfaction of his constituents. Mr. and Mrs. Johnson are the parents of nine children: Marie, wife of Prof. Wm. S. Branham, of Oxford, a graduate of Emory college, and now teaching school in Gordon; Mrs. Branham is a graduate of the Wesleyan Female college at Macon, class of 1887; Herschel V., who was a student at Emory college, when he died, in his sophomore year, Jan. 22,
1888, at the age of only sixteen years; he was a boy of remarkable talent, beloved and respected by all who knew him; Ida Lester, Alvin, Kate, Jeannette, Clifford C. and George L. Alvin is an unusually talented youth; though but seventeen years of age he has had charge of a locomotive for two years--the youngest engi neer on record. Mr. Johnson's educational opportunities were quite limited, yet

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by his own determined effort he has acquired an extensive store of knowledge, and his superior intelligence and ability are recognized wherever he is known.
The fact that in spite of discouragements and restricted privileges he has risen from a comparatively poor boy to wealth and influence is a result almost wholly due to his honorable and upright life. Devoting himself unselfishly to the ad vancement of every movement and every cause calculated to promote the material,
educational and religious interests of the city and county, he enjoys the unquali fied esteem of the intelligent community so highly favored by his membership.

A RTHUR MERRILL KNIGHT, a prominent business man of Waycross, Ware Co., Ga., is of New England ancestry on the paternal side, being the
grandson of Peter M. Knight, a Maine ship-builder; possessed withal of much
literary taste and ability, as is attested by a unique volume, Gems of Poetry, written and beautifully illustrated with the pen by his own hand in 1832--a volume carefully treasured and dearly cherished by his grandson. Albion Williamson
Knight, the son of this poet, was born in Brunswick, Me., Jan. 5, 1823. Having studied the healing art he began its practice at White Sulphur Springs, Fla., his
practice constantly growing in extent and successfulness. Having remained here about twenty years, he moved in 1871 to Live Oak, Fla., whence after a year he
moved to Jacksonville, where he remained until his death, Sept 6, 1889. He
had been health officer for fourteen years, which to some extent crowded out his other practice; was secretary of the State Medical association, also of the masonic lodge, and was an elder in the Presbyterian church. Dr. Knight's wife was Miss
Caroline Demere, a descendant of one of two brothers of that name who came
over with Oglethorpe and settled at Frederica on St. Simon's island, where Mrs. Knight was born. Her brothers were in the southern army during the war.
Arthur Merrill Knight was the fifth son of Dr. and Mrs. Knight, and was born at White Sulphur Springs, Fla., Nov. 16, 1859. His early training was received
in the common schools of his native town and of Live Oak; at Jacksonville he attended a parochial school, supplementing the knowledge there acquired by
private study. In 1876 he began clerking for his brother, with whom.he remained
about a year and then engaged with M. P. Moody. In 1878 he clerked for H. P.
Holbrook, and the succeeding year formed a co-partnership with E. S. Hull.
In less than a year he sold out Subsequently he occupied various clerical posi tions until in 1885, when he took a six months' trip to Colorado for the benefit
of his health. In November, 1886, he accepted the position he now holds as passenger and freight agent for the Plant system at Waycross. In this position
he has had to do largely with the growth and development not only of the railroad but also of the city of Waycross. He is intensely interested in local public affairs and development in general, and carries many responsibilities. He is a stock
holder, secretary and treasurer of the Waycross Herald Publishing company, also
of the Waycross Barrel Manufacturing company, and is president of the bank of Waycross. He owns some real estate, and is also doing a real estate and
insurance business. In 1889-90 Mr. Knight was city alderman from his ward,
and in 1891-92-93 was mayor of the city. As Episcopal church warden he appointed the building committee which is now completing a neat rectory costing
$1,500--in addition to the land, a part of the church realty, which is worth about
$i,ooo. May 6, 1884, Mr. Knight was married to Miss Susan Fatio Daniel, daughter of Col. James Jaquelin and Emily (L'Engle) Daniel; of Jacksonville, Fla. Col. Daniel, who was widely known for his large-hearted benevolence,
died in 1888 of yellow fever, a sacrifice to his care and sympathy for the suffering, to whom he devoted himself. The mother oC Mrs. Daniel, Mrs. Susan Fatio

J

WARE COUNTY SKETCHES.

987

L'Engle, of whom her granddaughter, Mrs. Knight, is a namesake, died in Jack sonville March 5, 1895, in the eighty-ninth year of her age. Mr. Knight and his wife have been blessed with two sons, Jaquelin Emile and Arthur Merrill.

THOMAS ELIJAH LANIER, one of the active, intelligent men of business
of Waycross, Ware Co., was born in Screven county, Ga., July 31, 1845. He is the eldest son of Robert F. Lanier, a Methodist preacher, a member of the south Georgia conference, by which he was sent, in 1857, to Clinch county, then very sparsely settled, where he lived upon a small farm near the present site of Homerville. In 1863 he removed to Lowndes county, near Ocean Pond, on the present site of Lake Park. The son, Thomas E., being a poor boy, and reared on the farm, had but limited educational advantages. When but seventeen years of age he volunteered as a soldier in the service of the Confederacy. After two years, at the storming of Fort McAllister, December, 1864, he was captured and sent to Point Lookout, Md., where he remained a prisoner until after the close of hostilities, receiving his discharge June 28, 1865. Returning home Mr. Lanier found his father's property gone, so he went to work on the farm to help restore and replenish it Jan. u, 1866, he married Miss Sarah Strickland, daughter of Henry Strickland, of Ocean Pond; who died in Jasper, Fla., in November, 1881. After his marriage Mr. Lanier rented a small farm and engaged in farming, plowing with oxen for lack of means to purchase horses or mules. After three years, his health failing, he sold out for something over $1,000, and having a natural genius for mechanics, moved to Valdosta and learned the art of watchmaking of James M. Gray, with whom he remained three and a half years. He then bought out his employer and set up for himself, and by his diligence and reliability soon built up a fine business. Then came reverses--fire, and severe illness--so that he was reduced almost to his starting point Accepting what he could get for his property he sold out and moved to Jasper, Fla., where for four years he carried on the mercantile and saw-mill business, but without success. In 1883 he returned to Georgia and settled in Waycross, and entered into the business for which he was so much better adapted. Although he began without capital and on a small scale, merely as a repairer of watches and jewelry, he little by little added to his stock, gaining meanwhile the confidence of the people, until his success has been almost phenomenal. Now, after little more than ten years, he is owner of one of the largest and best jewelry establishments in southern Georgia; and having already gained a competency can retire from active business whenever he sees fit But being still in the prime of life, only in his fiftieth year, hale and strong, and bidding fair to live to a ripe old age, it is to be presumed that Mr. Lanier will continue to keep abreast of the activities of the growing city in which he lives.- When he came to Waycross it was but a struggling village of about 600 inhabitants, where homes were offered free to settlers by the generous founder, Dr. Lott. Mr. Lanier at once entered heartily into every enterprise whose object was the improvement of the town, and especially schools and churches, and the laying out and drainage of the city. He served several times on the board of aldermen, and was one of the committee who framed the present city charter. He was chairman of the building committee of the new Methodist
church, of which he is a member. He was active in establishing the public school system, and started the first school of importance. Mr. Lanier is a strong advo cate of temperance and has labored hard to keep whisky out of Waycross, and, in fact, to promote everything which will tend to elevate the character of the community, and to oppose everything debasing. He is a member of the Knights of Pythias, holding the highest office in the gift of the lodge. Mr. Lanier has

MEMOIRS Of* GEORGIA.
dealt considerably in real estate, and has erected several dwellings and other buildings. His life has been temperate, honorable and industrious, and he enjoys the confidence and esteem of the whole community.
JOSEPH PARKER LIDE, one of Waresboro's merchants, and the present incumbent of the postoffice, was born in King's Mountain, N. C, July 18, 1863.
His father, Robert Hopkins Lide, was a farmer, who entered the service of the Confederacy, and early in the war was put in the Ore Banks iron works, for the protection of which 100 men were detailed. Mrs. Lide was Miss Rachel Parker, the daughter of Cortez Parker, for fifteen years--until his death--super intendent of King's Mountain gold mine. Young Lide, having obtained a limited education in the common schools, at eighteen years of age began life for himself as a clerk. After a year in this employment he engaged as mate on the steamer Santee, on the Peedee river; and a year later he went to Florida, where for two years he worked in a saw-mill, and then spent three years as a sailor on the west coast of Florida for the Naples Land Improvement company. After two years more of clerking and saw-mill work he came to Waresboro and accepted a situation as salesman with J. M. Spence & Co. In 1892 Mr. Lide entered into business on his own account, carrying on a general merchandise establishment, in connection with which he also served as postmaster. He has also been.a member of the council, and mayor pro tempore. He is not a politician, although interested in whatever will be for the benefit of the city, and a strict democrat Mr. Dide is a member of the Metodist church, andalso belongs to the Knights of Pythias. April 10, 1892, he married Miss Lavina Anna Miller, daughter of David J. and Serena (Sweat) Miller, of Waresboro. Mr. and Mrs. Lide have one son, Robert Miller.
THOMAS MILLER M'CONNELL, Manor, Ware Co., Ga., second son of William Scott and Laura Mary (Blakely) McConnell, was born in Williams-
burg district, S. C., April 3, 1860. His father, who was a farmer, a naval store keeper, and a justice of the peace, was born Sept 26, 1827. He served in the Confederate army as a private, and received a wound in the right side, which ultimately resulted in his death, March 19, 1881, at the age of fifty-four years. There is nothing known of Mr. McConnelFs grandparents on his father's side more than that they always lived in commanding prominence in their community. His grandfather on his mother's side, William H. Blakely, was a teacher, and his grandmother, Carthenia Blakely, was a lady that commanded the highest respect from all who knew her. Mr. McConnell's opportunities for education in his boyhood days were but limited; however, he continued to add to his stock whenever able until he became intelligent and well informed. At the age of twenty years he left home, carrying with him as his only legacy an iron will coupled with an ambition that would make any millionaire proud if he could only realize its actual worth. At this time he engaged in the turpentine business in .the woods of Georgetown county, S. C., as a laborer, where he remained about three years. Leaving mere in 1883 he moved to Echols county, Ga., and followed the same business with Capt J. B. Withers for a short time, then he moved to Manor, Ware Co., working for the same employer for about a year. He then bought out the business and continued it in his own name until 1891, when two of his brothers, W. G. and J. E. McConnell, became associated with him as partners. In the meantime he had bought a turpentine farm near Waresboro, Ga., and established a new farm at Blunfs Ferry, Fla. He realizes from these turpentine farms an annual production of about 125,000 gallons of spirits of

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turpentine and about 7,500 barrels rosin, and employs about 300 men and fifteen teams. He owns and leases about 34,000 acres of land, and has, besides, a good farm at his home. In addition to this he owns a pear orchard of 1,200 bearing trees at Naylor, Lowndes Co., Ga. He carries on a general mercantile and supply business, and has done a great work in building the magic little town of Manor, as well as being a source of help to the surrounding country. He owns some bank stock and a large interest in the Florida Land and Improvement company. He has a $20,000 paid up life insurance policy> and owns considerable stock in the Interstate Building and Loan association of Atlanta, and is president of the board of his town. Mr. McConnell is a master Mason, and a member of the Methodist church in Manor. Mr. McConnell was married to Miss Agnes Frazier Britton, daughter of Thomas Nelson and Rebecca Ervin (Gordon) Britton, of Chappel, Georgetown Co., S. C. Mr. Britton was born in 1812, die3 in 1892, and was a captain in the Confederate army--having charge of a company on the coast. He was a man quite prominent in public affairs. Mr. and Mrs. McConnell are the parents of four daughters: Sue Ethel, boni Jan. I, 1886; Rubie Edith, born April 8, 1888; Laura Scott, born Jan. 10, 1889; Frazier Pearl, born Nov. 27. 1891.

JOHN CLOUGH M'DONALD, the youngest son of Capt. McDonald by his first wife, was born Nov. 7,1859, on his father's farm near Waresboro. Having
obtained a good common school education, in 1877 ne entered Moore's Southern Business university, Atlanta. Determining to follow the legal profession he went to Savannah and read law under Hon. Rufus E. Lester, present member of congress from the first district. On June 18, 1880, although he lacked several months of having reached his majority, was admitted to practice. Since that time he has devoted himself to his profession with persevering ardor, and has met with constant success, his practice being extensive not only in his own county, but also in those surrounding it. Although his chief and constant attention has been given to the duties of his profession, political preferment has not been want ing, but has come to him unsought. In 1885 Mr. McDonald was mayor of Waycross, was at one time chairman of the congressional district committee, and for several years chairman of the county democratic committee. Mr. McDonald is held in the highest esteem by the citizens of Waycross, and by a large circle of influential friends. He is a member of the Georgia Bar association and in 1884 was admitted to practice in the supreme court. Mr. McDonald was married June 28. 1894, to Miss Annie, daughter of Capt. A. W. Hilliard, formerly of Waycross (until 1880), but now of Dinsmore, Fla. Capt. Hilliard belongs to one of the oldest families of Ware county, and is recognized as one of the most straight forward and upright of men. Mr. McDonald is a Knight of Pythias, and has filled all the local offices in the gift of the order, also that of representative to the state lodge. Mr. and Mrs. McDonald are working members of the Methodist church.

JOHN CLOUGH M'DONALD, Waycross, Ware Co., Ga., is of Scotch descent, a. grandson of Dr. Randall McDonald, a native of the Isle of Skye, who came
first to South Carolina, later to Georgia, where for many years he carried on his large plantation, together with a-successful and extensive practice. He served for some time as senator in the general assembly and died in December, 1864. His wife was Miss Catharine Miller, and their son, William Angus, was born Feb. ii, 1817, in Bulloch county. He received a good common-school education and served for four years in the Indian wars. For many years he has been an im-

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MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

portant character in the political affairs of his county; he was representative in the years 1842, 1847-48, 1877, 1888-89; he was state senator in the years 1856, 1867-68, 1882 and 1883, and was sent to the constitutional convention of 1877. At the outbreak of the war Mr. McDonald raised a company which formed a part of the Twenty-sixth Georgia regiment; later he was promoted to the position of lieutenant-colonel, but during the Cold Harbor engagement he received a wound from which his recovery was not perfect, so that he was compelled to resign, but he never lost his interest in his associates in the midst of the dangers and trials of war, and devoted much of his time and means to the relief of their families, and of the wounded. In 1841 Mr. McDonald married Miss Tabitha, a daughter of Capt. James A. Sweat, who died in 1859, leaving five sons and five daughters, the youngest being John C. McDonald, the subject of this sketch. In 1860 Col. McDonald married Miss Mary Dean, of whom death bereaved him in 1872. She was the mother of five sons and two daughters. Col. McDonald's third wife, Miss Rebecca Thompson, is the daughter of a well-known minister, who is also a successful planter. To them have been born one son and four daughters. Col. McDonald has been a resident of Ware county for sixty years; on his present farm thirty-nine years; is hale and hearty, bidding fair to become a centenarian. He has twenty-two children, fifty-eight grand-children, ten great-grandchildren, and has moreover reared a number of orphans, fitting them for lives of usefulness and honor, and long after he has passed from earth his influence will be felt in ever-widening circles. He has been a Methodist for forty-nine years, and a preacher thirty-five years, and is also a member of the masonic fraternity.

JOHN HENRY MILLER, Manor, Ware Co., Ga., eldest son of Ezekiel Stephen

and Eleanor (Dyers) Miller, was born Jan. 24, 1835, on Glenmore farm, four

miles from his present home, the region being then inhabited chiefly by Indians.

1 lis father, a farmer who served in the Seminole war and died in 1863, was the

youngest of the nine children of William and Amy (Barker) Miller, the latter a

native of Ireland, the former an Englishman who came to America prior to the

war of the revolution, in which he was a soldier. Passing his boyhood and early

manhood on that backwoods farm, in a sparsely settled community, John H.

Miller had but few educational privileges, only attending school about four and

a half months. Early in the war, Oct. i, 1861, he enlisted in the Twenty-sixth

Georgia regiment, in what was then Company H, later, upon re-organization,

Company K. He was under Gens. John 6. Gordon and Evans, and in a number

of battles: Seven Pines, both battles of Manassas, both at Harper's Ferry, Fred-

ericksburg, Sharpsburg, Warrenton, Spottsylvania, Malvern Hill, Lynchburg, Cold

Harbor, Cedar River, Monocacy, Gettysburg and Fisher's Hill. At this last, SepU

22, 1864, he was captured and sent to Point Lookout, Md., where he was held

until after the surrender, when he was released June 18, 1865, arriving home

July IT. He returned to his farm work for the remainder of that year, then moved

tc Clinch county, where he also pursued the same occupation. After five years

he moved to Manor, Ware Co., his present home, where he continued for some

years to devote himself to fanning and gardening. The present town of Manor

has come into existence and grown to its present size since Mr. Miller made his

home within its borders. For twenty-two years he has been justice of the peace,

and is postmaster. Mr. Miller is a deacon in the Primitive Baptist church, and

has been a member of the masonic order. Dec. 28,1865, he married Mrs. Lavina

Lee, daughter of Richard A. and Lavina (Newman) Bennett. Mrs. Miller has a

son and a daughter by her first husband

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WARE COUNTY SKETCHES.

.

CRANK C. OWENS, now a retired merchant of Waycross, Ware Co., Ga.f is the youngest of the four children of John and Floeyann (Sheffield) Owens,
and was born at White Sulphur Springs Oct. 14, 1864. His father was a success
ful planter at Evergreen, Fla.; was also prominent in public affairs, and held several important positions. Young Owens attended school in Saint Mary's, Ga., and later took a partial course at the South Georgia college, Thomasville, Ga.,
and at Moore's Business university, Atlanta, Ga. Before completing his educa tion he was with J. & T. Kydd at Fernandina, Fla., and from 1882, for seven years,
he was traveling salesman for Lippman Bros., of Savannah, Ga., during which time he engaged in the mercantile business in Oviedo, Fla., and in Waycross, Ga.
In 1889 Mr. Owens gave up traveling and settled in Waycross, his own affairs having grown to such magnitude as to demand all his attention. A year later the stocks of his two stores were destroyed by fire, and Mr. Owens then purchased
the land upon which he erected a handsome brick block, known as the "Owens Block," containing ten stores and the Phoenix hotel of forty rooms. Immediately
upon the completion of his block in '91, Mr. Owens started four of the stores, in which an excellent business has been carried on ever since. Mr. Owens is also the owner of valuable real estate in Chattanooga, Tenn., and Thomasville, Ga. In May of 1894, at the age of twenty-nine, he was elected president of the Bank of Waycross, which position he resigned in anticipation of retiring from business,
which he did in June of '95. He is an enterprising and useful citizen, whose worth is appreciated by his fellow-townsmen. In 1890, on New Year's day, Mr. Owens married Miss Theo Wright, whose father, Capt. A. B. Wright, of Greenville, S. C., served in the Confederate army throughout the war.

THOMAS SPALDING PAINE, a leading merchant of Waycross, Ware Co., Ga., is the youngest son of Charles Joshua and Ann (Johnson) Paine, the
former a prominent physician of Georgia, and for a number of years dean of the physicians of the state, whose duty it was to examine all physicians before license
to practice could be given. Dr. Paine died in 1859. His son, Thomas S., who was born in Milledgeville, April 17, 1839, was educated in the public schools of his native city, and in the military school at Marietta. Immediately after his father's death in June, 1859, the young man left the city of his birth and went to Thomasville, where for two years he was engaged in clerical positions, which he resigned in July, 1861, to 'enter the Confederate army. He received the com mission of first lieutenant of Company B, Twenty-ninth Georgia regiment, which
was sent to the coast. The following April he was transferred to Brevard's bat talion of Florida as ordnance sergeant, under Gen. Finnegan, stationed near Jacksonville, whose force had an engagement Nov. 9, 1862, with the gunboats on the St John's river. In January, 1863, Mr. Paine organized a cavalry company, Company E, of the Twentieth Georgia battalion, and was stationed on the coast that year. In April, 1864, the battalion was ordered to Virginia where, in an en gagement with the Federal forces advancing upon Cold Harbor, the colonel, J. M. Milen, and Maj. Thompson, were killed, and the battalion was attached to the Tenth Georgia regiment. This regiment was in the battles at Cold Harbor, Trevilian Station, where Mr. Paine received a slight wound, and at White House.
The next January they were transferred to Gen. Joseph Johnston's command and sent to Charleston, from which time until tlje surrender they were almost constantly engaged in skirmishes. After his discharge, and return home Mr. Paine at once went into the drug business, but after some time sold out and trav eled in the interest of the Botanic Blood Balm Co., until 1892, when he resumed

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MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

the drug business in Waycross, his present home. In this he has greatly pros pered, and has moreover identified himself with the interests of the city. Dec. 24, 1862, Mr. Paine was married to Miss Lena Mary Seixas, of Thomasville, a grand daughter of Jacob Seixas, a refugee from the island of San Dominigo during the insurrection. He has in his possession a valuable family relic--a solid gold snuff box weighing five ounces and worth $150, a present from his wife's father. They have two daughters and two sons, one of the latter a railroad engineer; the other is engaged in the store with his father. Mr. Paine and his wife are members of the Presbyterian church.

WILLIAM RILEY RATCLIFF, Waycross, Ware Co., Ga., was born in Worth
county, Ga., Nov. 29, 1850. He is the eldest son of Redding Luke and Clarkie (Kimball) Ratcliff, the former a son of Luke Ratcliff, who ran away from his home in North Carolina and engaged in farming in western Florida; he served in the Indian war, during which he was taken ill, and was given a furlough to return home, but died upon the way. His son continued as a fanner in Florida, and there on the farm young William R. was reared, receiving only such education as was obtainable in a backwoods school. Having reached the age of twenty-one, he rented a farm, which he worked for two years, and then spent a year in Texas, employed on railroads. He returned to work two years on his father's farm, and also took a forward stride educationally by devoting eight months to study in school. He then again went into railroad work, three months as a common laborer, after which he received promotion, being placed in charge of repair work on the Atlantic & Gulf railroad at Argyle. In 1878 Mr. Ratcliff came to Waycross, and late in the next year was put in charge of the track-laying crews upon the new line between Waycross and Jacksonville, on which he laid the first rail. On this new line, after its completion, he had charge of a construction train for about three years, and then was put in charge of a division as supervisor at Savan nah. Two years later lie was given the supervision of the Waycross Short line, which he has held ever since. During some of the time Mr. Ratcliff has been in this business convict labor was employed, and he was in charge of the convict force. He is a member of the Roadmasters' Association, in which he takes an active interest, often contributing articles upon appropriate subjects at the meet ings of this body. Mr. Ratcliff is also a member of the Employers' Mutual Relief association, pertaining to the Plant system, in which system he takes a deep interest, and has aided greatly in promoting its welfare and present success. He owns some real estate in Waycross. He is a memberof the Masonic fraternity. Oct i, 1881, Mr. Ratcliff married Miss Georgie Ann Smith, daughter of Azaniah and Katie (Yates) Smith. Mr. Ratcliff and his v.ife have one son.

LJEXRY WADSWORTH REED, Waycross, Ware Co., Ga., one of Ware county's most widely known and influential citizens, was born in Neenah,
Wis., March 12,1856. He is the second son of Harrison and Ann Louisa (Turner) Reed, the former a man of great influence in public affairs both west and south. He was the first editor of the "Milwaukee Sentinel"; in December, 1847, he was made a member of the constitutional convention from Marquette and Winnebago
counties, Wis. From 1868 to 1872 he was the honored governor of the state of Florida. Both he and his wife are lineal descendants of Pilgrim stock, each having had an ancestor among the passengers on the historic Mayflower. Mr. Reed's grandfather, Joseph Turner, an officer in the revolutionary army, was a direct descendant of Jonathan Turner of the Mayflower. Several members of the Turner family who are near relatives of Mr. Reed are prominent in the affairs

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WARE COUNT? SKETCHES.

993

of Wisconsin; William J. Turner is president of the board of education of Mil waukee; two other uncles were members of the first constitutional convention of the state. When Henry W. Reed was four years old his mother died and he \vas sent to live with relatives in Flint, Midi., where he was trained in the public schools until he was about twelve years old. His father had made his home in Florida, and the youth, for the benefit to be derived from its excellent curriculum, entered the John S. C. Abbott Academy at Farmington, Me., where he remained for over two years, studying for the two years following at Syracuse university, Syracuse, N. Y. Thence Mr. Reed returned to Jacksonville, Fla., to engage in various surveying and engineering enterprises, toward which his natural bent was strong, and for which he had been fitting himself by private study and prepara tion. So marked were his progress and ability that at the early age of twenty-two years he was placed in charge of the Peninsula railroad, from Waldo to Tampa, Fla., as superintendent of construction. Within two years he was promoted to the responsible positiori of locating engineer on the Waycross & Jacksonville line, having as one of his functions the locating, planning and laying out the present city of Waycross, whose citizens thoroughly appreciate his enterprise and public spirit Within a year Mr. Reed was advanced past intermediate positions to that of master of roadways for the Savannah, Florida & Western railroad, which place he has just resigned after fourteen years of such judicious administration of his department as to contribute largely to making the Plant system what it now is. Mr. Reed now turns from these familiar duties, carried on with such rare tact and energy to such marvelous success, and assumes new duties for which his extensive and varied experience has well fitted him. He has the care of the large financial interests in this region of his aunt, Mrs. Mitchell, widow of the widely known Hon. Alexander Mitchell of Milwaukee, Wis. He is president of the National bank of Brunswick, Ga., and organized the Bank of Waycross, Waycross, Ga. Although his time, and to some degree his interest, must be by these new duties divided between Brunswick and Waycross, the citizens of the last named will continue to claim Mr. Reed as their fellow-citizen. He holds large property in terests here, and will be as ever solicitous for the prosperity of the city for which he has done so much. He has been a member of the city council three terms,
for six years president of the board of education, and was largely instrumental in the inauguration of the present excellent school system--in behalf of which he is still working, with still greater benefits in view. The city is largely indebted to him for its excellent system of water-works and artesian water, he having made the plans and superintended the construction, besides serving upon the board of sanitary and water-works commissioners. His marked ability and extensive knowledge of railroad affairs have given him prominence among railroad men throughout the country, and for two years he held the position of secretary and for the last two years has been president of the Roadmasters' Association of America; he is a highly esteemed member of the American Society of Civil En gineers, of the American Academy of Political and Social Science of Philadelphia, and of the American Institute of Civics of Boston. While in college he was secretary and vice-president of the Delta Upsilon college fraternity, to which he still belongs. An enumeration of the enterprises in which Mr. Reed's efficient support has been felt would be incomplete without reference to the Cherokee Farm and Nursery company, of which he was one of the originators, and of which he is still the head as president. Since its beginning in 1883 this enterprise has grown amazingly, and is one of the most successful enterprises of the kind in the south. It ships products to all parts of the United States and even to foreign countries; has large orders from the north, and keeps twenty agents at work in
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MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

the southern states. It is also doing a very valuable and useful work in experi menting with foreign fruits, especially Japan and Russian cherries, pears, plums, etc. Of these the Japan varieties seem especially adapted to this locality. Other fruits are doing finely; plums, blackberries, strawberries and grapes, and even figs and olives, which are better adapted to Florida. By voice and pen, as well as by practical effort, Mr. Reed has advocated these trials--of Japan varieties especially. Although a close and interested student of public and political affairs, Mr. Reed is in no sense a politician, nor has he sought political favor, preferring to give his time and energy to the promotion of the greatest good to all with whom he came in touch, unbiased by political prejudices. Still young in years, Mr. Reed may look forward to a long period of ever-widening usefulness and influence. His honorable career should be an inspiration and incentive to lofty aims and earnest effort to even- young man, even though lonely and discouraged. On May 4, 1880, Mr. Reed was married at Waldo, Fla., to Miss Emma Livingston, a lineal descendant of Philip Livingston, signer of the Declaration of Independence, and a member of the noted family of that name which settled in the beautiful valley of the Hudson river in colonial times.

JAMES CARLISLE RIPPARD, a physician of extensive and successful practice in Ware county, post-office Waycross, is a Pennsylvanian, born in Wilkes-
barre Xov. 30, 1857. His parents were Josiah Alexander and Catharine Pauline Rippard. the former a well-known and esteemed bank cashier of Wilkesbarre. The son, James C., having received a good education in the public schools of his native city, continued with a course in the College of Physicians and Surgeons at Baltimore, Md., graduating in 1881. Returning to Wilkesbarre, the young physician opened an office in March of the same year, and for nearly ten years remained there in practice, in which his skill and diligence achieved success. In 1889 he was made president of the Luzerne County Medical society, a welldeserved recognition of his worth. Early in 1891 he came south, and, after brief stops in Savannah and Fort Valley, he finally located in Waycross, his present home, where he devotes himself with assiduity to his extensive practice. Never theless, he has a strong interest in the welfare of his adopted city, and is always foremost in all that will tend to promote her greatest good. He is an active and devoted member of the Presbyterian church. June 28, 1893, he married Miss May Barnes, of Waycross, formerly of Urbana, Ohio.

\X71LLIAM WALTER SHARPE, Waycross, Ware Co., Ga., is of English lineage, his grandfather having come from England in 1820 and settled in
\Yinnsboro, S. C., moving later to Jefferson county, Fla., where he engaged in the tannery business, and where he spent the remainder of his life. His son, James Edward Sharpe, served in the Mexican war and well nigh lost his sight from an attack of measles. He married Angeline, daughter of Daniel Ulysses McNeil. who settled in Lowndes county, and later moved to Quitman, where he held the office of sheriff some twenty-five years; he was also treasurer of the countv for eight years, and w^s a man prominent among his fellows, and having large influence in the community. His only son, William W.f was born Aug. 22, 1857. at Long's Mill. Brooks Co.: he acquired his education in the common schools of Quitman. After some six months' experience as a clerk he opened a general store in Boston, Ga., in September, 1873, with W. A. McNeil, but sold out in 1874 to A. H- McCardel. That summer young Sharpe made 100,000 brick in Quitman. In the fall lie went to Monticello, Fla., and served a year's apprenticeship at bricklaying. a"d the next two years served an apprenticeship to learn cabinet-making and undertaking; after which he went into partnership

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with B. C. Pollard, from whom he had leaned the trade. In a short time he moved to Valdosta and opened a general furniture and undertaking business in his own name, but with D. W. Rountree as silent partner. This he gave up in April, 1881, to enter the employ of the railroad company as foreman of a car penter gang in Savannah, having charge of the wharves and terminal repairs of the Savannah, Florida & Western Railway company. In 1886 he was promoted to the division superintendency, which position he still holds. He had charge of the changing of the gauge of the Savannah division before his promotion. The present responsibilities devolving upon Mr. Sharpe are very heavy, he having the
care and maintenance of all the buildings, wharves, tracks, bridges, telegraph lines and structures of all kinds, with the custody of all the property of the company within his division limits. The standing and ability of Mr. Sharpe as a railroad man are widely recognized. He is secretary of the Headmasters' Association of Amer ica, before the convention of which, held in Chicago in September, 1893, he read a valuable paper entitled "How to Maintain the Best Track at Least Cost"; for it he was awarded the first premium. The talents of Mr. Sharpe are not confined to railroad affairs; he is general manager and secretary of the Waycross Tobacco Growers' and Manufacturing association with a capital of $25,000, a growing business; he has also dealt largely in real estate. Moreover he has taken active part in public affairs; he has been alderman of Waycross three years, and chair man of finance and public property committees three years. Mr. Sharpe is prom inent in the masonic order, in which he is past master and past and present H. P. of his chapter; and has been representative to grand lodge and grand chapter, and served on committee of jurisprudence. He is a faithful member of the Meth odist church, and active as steward. March 2, 1880, Mr. Sharpe married Miss Inez Estelle Ashcraft, daughter of Augustus Bruce and Caroline (Williams) Ashcraft, of Newnan. Her father was a private in the Confederate army, and wounded; her grandfather was a Presbyterian minister of Connecticut Mr. and Mrs. Sharpe have one son and one daughter. Mr. Sharpe is a large-hearted and thoroughly public-spirited man, and has done much for the welfare of the city of his adoption; when in the council he advanced the paving enterprises, and intro
duced "fire district" rules. He is identified with the democratic party.

ILLIAM JOB SMITH, one of the leading business men of Waycross, Ware
Co., is the eldest living son of Nathaniel and Louisa Frances Smith, and was born in Lowndes county, Ga., April 10, 1851. During his infancy his parents moved to Hamilton county, Fla., and after the war to Jasper, where his father engaged in mercantile business. In 1862 his father enlisted in the Confederate service, and served through the war. His grandfather was an officer in the war of the revolution, going from Carolina. Young Smith, besides making use of such school privileges as his own neighborhood afforded, also attended school in Jacksonville, Fla., for a short time. Later he clerked for his father until 1870, and then engaged in business at Smithville for about two years. In 1873 on account of his health he went to farming. In January, 1880, he moved to Waycross, and opened a livery, boarding and sale stable, the first in the city. Two years later he discontinued this, engaged in a general merchandising business, and about 1886 took Mr. John Wiley Adams, a progressive young business man, a native of Florida, into partnership. Mr. Smith has also had an interest in various other firms in Waycross, and has started several friends in business. He has handled considerable real estate, building the fine block now occupied by himself and his business associates. Nor have his interests been whollv selfish.

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MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

He has taken a very active part in the public affairs of Waycross, having been a member of the council several years, and mayor one year. He is a member of the board of education, of the committee for building a school edifice, has been prominent in his efforts for the exclusion of the liquor traffic, and for the
promotion of morality and sobriety. He is a leading business man in this com munity, and also has established a mercantile business in Dawson. Early in 1894 Mr. Smith associated with himself and his former partner, Mr. Adams, Mr. William Parker, under the corporate name of The Smith-Adams-Parker company. Mr. Parker is a native of Appling county and the son of a physician of large practice--a man of great ability and varied talents. Mr. Parker served through the war, since which he has been variously engaged--in farming, carpenter work, carriage repairing, stencil work, printing, and printed the "Coffee County Ga zette"--now "The Pioneer''--on a cylinder press of his own construction. After moving to Waycross Mr. Parker published the "Weekly Headlight" for about five years; this paper is now published monthly, and is the official organ of the Christian Layman workers, of which Mr. Parker is president This association has built a large edifice in Waycross for its annual conventions, and has twentythree working classes scattered from Columbus, Ga., to Jacksonville, Fla. This
organization originated in 1886 in a class conducted by Mr. Parker among the poor, which grew in interest and usefulness, and developed into this large and helpful, undenominational society, still growing rapidly and doing a great work. Mr. Parker has been prominent in mercantile affairs, the real estate business and building, and is a Methodist--a steward and class leader. On entering part nership with Messrs. Smith and Adams he united the shoe business with theirs. Mr. Smith is a member of the Methodist church and is also a steward; he is a prominent Mason and Odd Fellow, having been through all the chairs of the last-named fraternity, being deputy district grand, and member of the grand lodge. Jan. 6, 1876, Mr. Smith married Miss Margaret Theresa Staten, daughter of Capt Q. B. Staten of Clinch county. They have been blessed with four girls and two boys.

JOB ELBERT WILDER SMITH, a prominent citizen of Waycross, Ware Co., Ga.. is the eldest living son of James David and Edith (Folsom) Smith.
He was born Nov. 24, 1854, in Hamilton count}', Fla., but very soon after his birth his parents moved to Echols county, Ga., where they still reside. The father represented his senatorial district in the general assembly two years; and was
a member of that body in 1876, when called for the constitutional convention of 1877. His son, after receiving a good common school education, attended the university of Georgia, Athens, two years, and then attended medical lectures at the Georgia Medical college, Augusta, during the winters of 1879-80, conclud ing with a course at Yanderbilt Medical college, Nashville, Tenn., from which he
graduated March i. 1882. He had engaged in the drug business at Jasper, Fla., in 1880, also practicing medicine; but in the fall of 1883 he sold out the drug business and devoted himself exclusively to the practice of his profession. During bis residence here be was a member of the city council. In December, 1888, he moved to Waycross, where he is well known and esteemed, not only as a skillful and progressive physician, but as a public-spirited citizen, doing all in his power for the welfare of the city of his adoption, where he has established a fine practice, and built an elegant and commodious home. Ambitious to stand in the front
rank of the profession to which he is devoted, Dr. Smith took a post graduate course at the Post Graduate Medical school and hospital in New York city, in 1892. He is surgeon for the Savannah, Florida & Western railway. He is an

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active member of the board of education; a faithful member and deacon in the Presbyterian church; and worshipful master of the lodge, and a member of the chapter. He is also an Odd Fellow, in which order he is past grand. Dr. Smith was married March 23, 1880, to Miss Cordelia Carter, daughter of John A. and Mahala (Walker) Carter, of Echols county, Ga., and to them have been born one
son and three daughters: Darwin Roy, Vista, Irene, and Juno.

THOMAS LEANDER STRICKLAND, Waycross, Ware Co., Ga., second son of Alien C. and Katharine (^Sweat) Strickland, was born Nov. 27, 1850,
in Pierce county, Ga. He was educated in the common schools, and in 1867 he left home to enter the employ of his brother, J. W. Strickland, as clerk. He remained with him for six years, and then was for five years employed in saw
mills. An opening then presented itself in business for which Mr. Strickland seemed especially fitted, and he entered, to continue it with success up to the present time. He is engaged in the sale of pianos and organs, traveling most of the time, having for his field the southern half of Georgia. His home is in Waycross, in the growth and prosperity of which city he is sincerely concerned,
although his business precludes his taking a very active part in public affairs; he has, however, been justice of the peace and postmaster. He is a devoted member of the Presbyterian church, in which he is a deacon. He is also a royal arch Mason. Dec. 20, 1876, Mr. Strickland was married to Miss Daisy Owen,
daughter of Dr. James D. Owen, of Rome, Ga., now deceased. Dr. Owen was the first assistant physician of the state insane asylum for a period of time, which position he was compelled to resign on account of ill health, after which he moved to Rome. Mr. and Mrs. Strickland have but one child, a daughter.

1 L. SWEAT, Waycross, Ware Co., Ga., is a native Georgian, having been born * in Ware county Sept. 21,1847. He is next to the youngest son of Samuel and Maria Sweat, the grandson of a revolutionary hero, Nathaniel Sweat, of North Carolina, and belongs to a family prominent in the southeastern region of our country, the Carolinas, Georgia and Florida. Young Sweat was reared on a plantation in Pierce county, attending the country schools and completing his education at Blackshear academy. He enlisted in the Confederate cavalry service in 1862, at the early age of fourteen and a half, and for the remaining three years of the war was a brave and gallant young soldier. After the war he located at Homerville, Clinch Co., where he engaged in business and was married, and hav ing studied for the bar, was admitted to plead and practice in 1869.- For several sessions he held a clerical position at Atlanta in the general assembly, was a clerk for awhile in the executive department under Gov. Smith, and held the office of chief clerk of the house of representatives of Georgia in 1875-76. He was twice elected representative from Clinch county to the general assembly, serving in the house in 1880-81-82 and '83, and was placed on several important committees, and by his eloquence, industry and popular manners, made himself a leader in that body. In nearly every congressional convention of the old First Georgia district he was for years a delegate and an influential and controlling spirit, and was fre quently a member of state conventions. He was also a delegate from Georgia to the national democratic convention at Chicago in 1884, and again at St. Louis in 1888. In 1887 he removed to Waycross, where he has since resided and has been one of the prime movers and factors in the upbuilding of that beautiful city. Upon the resignation of Judge Atkinson in the spring of 1892 he was appointed by Gov. Northen judge of the superior courts of the Brunswick circuit, embracing the counties of Appling, Camden, Charlton, Coffee, Clinch, Glynn, Pierce, Ware

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MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

and Wayne, and was subsequently elected by the legislature without opposition. In politics Judge Sweat has always been a consistent democrat, and as a lawyer
was one of the most successful practitioners at the bar. Religiously he is a Methodist, and is also a leading Mason. His career on the bench has won for him golden opinions from both the bar and people, and he is frequently mentioned for
congressional honors. Able, tireless and popular, and just now in the prime of mature, vigorous manhood, an exalted and brilliant career still awaits him in the future.

)ANIEL B. SWEAT, Waycross, Ware Co., Ga., is a grandson of Nathaniel Sweat, a North Carolinian, who early in the present century came to Ware
county, where he dwelt for the remaining fifty or sixty years of his life, carrying
on his farm in the midst of the then wilderness, and part of the time with hostile Indians all around him. He served in the Seminole war, and was for a number of
years justice of the peace. His son, Thomas M., was born Nov. 8, 1831, and mar
ried Miss Eliza Phillips, a native of Emanuel county, Ga., born Jan. 10, 1826. They, too, remained upon the farm until 1879, when Mr. Sweat became a
merchant in Waycross. During the war he served in the Confederate army, in
charge of a squad in a detachment of troops. He is an active member of the M. E. church south, also a prominent royal arch Mason. His son, Daniel B., was
born in Ware count}- June 30, 1864, and received a common school education, re
maining on the farm until at the age of sixteen he entered the "Reporter" office at Waycross as an apprentice. So rapid was his progress, and so great the confi
dence and esteem in which he was held by his employer that he was soon pro
moted to the position of foreman. He held the position until 1886, when he
purchased the plant and continued the publication until March, 1891, when he
sold out to the Waycross Herald Publishing company. With this firm he con tinued two years as solicitor and traveling correspondent, acting also meanwhile
as agent of the Equitable Life Assurance society of the United States. Having
been constant!}- interested and actively engaged in Sunday school work, Mr. Sweat, to advance this work, now began the publication of the "Sunday School
Revival," which was from the first a success, and which has grown rapidly, both
in patronage and size, and has been adopted as the official organ of both the Georgia and Florida Sunday School associations. To this, and to a general job
printing and publishing business, Mr. Sweat now devotes his time and energy.
Nov. 16, 1887, he married Miss Hattie Lanier, sister of the well-known T. E. Lanier, of Waycross, and daughter of Rev. R. F. and Mrs. H. M. Lanier, of
Jasper, Fla. Mrs. Sweat died at Waycross June 27, 1890. On May 16, 1894,
Mr. Sweat led to the marriage altar Miss Minnie L., youngest daughter of Mr. C. C. Buchanan, a prominent citizen and real estate dealer of Waycross, Ga.

QRAD WATSON, a young and enterprising merchant of Waycross, Ware Co., Ga., was born in Brooks county, Ga., Feb. 9, 1874, the only son of a
thrifty farmer, Shepherd Watson, and his wife, Susan Emma (Slaughter) Watson.
Young Watson was educated in the common schools of Ware county, to which his parents moved in 1884. At the age of thirteen he commenced clerking in the store of A. R. Bennett, but the next year changed for a like situation with Grace
& McNeil, which he retained about two years. In November, 1890, being consid
erably under eighteen, this energetic young business man made his first trip as a
buyer, preparatory to opening a store for himself, with F. C. Owens as his partner, under the name of Brad Watson & Co. This business was continued until July
I, 1895, when Mr. Watson purchased his partner's interest. His business is in a

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niost thriving condition, his store being the leading dry goods house of the city, and indeed, of the county. Mr. Watson is an earnest member of the Methodist Episcopal church. His extraordinary business capacity and unswerving integrity command the highest respect and best wishes of the community.

WILBUR P. WHELPLEY, an enterprising citizen of Waycross, Ware Co., Ga., was born at Cobden, 111., Sept 5, 1866. His father, Dr. Jerome Twining
Whelpley, was one of the early proprietors of the Poughkeepsie Business college. His mother, Charlotte (Chase) Whelpley, was the daughter of Hon. Warren Chase, for three terms representative from California in the congress of the United States. He drafted and introduced the bill admitting Wisconsin into the Union, and was a man of note; was influential and prominent, and a personal friend of Abraham Lincoln. His grandson, Wilbur P. Whelpley, was educated in Illinois in some of the best institutions of learning in the state. In 1885 he entered busi ness as agent for the Illinois Central railroad, learning telegraphy, and doing station, freight and passenger work generally. The next year he took charge of a station for the Cotton Belt railroad, having also the agency for the construction of the Little Rock branch, but on account of poor health and through the influence of Capt. H. W. Reed, he moved to Florida, whence in October, 1886, he came to Waycross, where he accepted a position with the Plant system as union ticket and passenger agent, which position he retained until Jan. i, 1894. He then formed a partnership with M. R. Penfield, under the firm-name of Whelpley & Penfield, and they became proprietors of the Southern hotel--a fifty-room, firstclass hotel in Waycross. Mr. Whelpley has also been somewhat interested in real estate and his business talent and integrity have won him the respect of his fellowcitizens. Though not married, he is very popular in society, and especially active in the organization of societies. He is a leading member of the Waycross Rifles, a military company which is one of the best in the state.

DENJAMIN FRANKLIN WILLIAMS, deceased, was born in Greene county, N. C., Sept. 2, 1820; his parents, Joseph and Avy (Murphy) Williams, were
also natives of that state, where for many years his father was a wealthy and suc cessful planter; they were parents of ten children, of whom Dr. Williams was the youngest. He was reared in his native state and there received his elementary training, afterward attending Madison university in New York. In 1843 ne began reading medicine with Dr. Robbins, of Troy, N. Y., subsequently attending the medical college at Albany, where, during his stay, he was a student in the office of Prof. James McNaughton. In 1849 ne returned to his native state and engaged in the practice of his profession. But his natural aptitude for public affairs seemed to eclipse his great professional ability, for in 1850 he was elected to represent his county in the North Carolina legislature, which honor was conferred upon him by successive re-elections for six years, until in 1856 he removed to Georgia, residing for a short time in Burnt Fort, Charlton Co., later settling at Sunny Side, Ware Co. In 1872 Dr. Williams moved to Waycross, being one of the first two settlers in that town, in the advancement of which he materially assisted, ever making every effort to promote its welfare. He was instrumental in establishing the first private school in the town and then in conjunction with Dr. Lott, W. S. Bailey and Capt. C. W. Hilliard, instituted the first academy, erecting a building for the same in 1874, and all this time he was carrying on a large practice, and superintending the affairs of his plantation. Moreover he engaged in various other useful enterprises; laid off portions of the city of Waycross, carried on the

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real estate business, operated the first turpentine still on the S. F. & W. R. R., and the first saw-mill on the B. & W. R. R. Dr. Williams served for a short time in the Confederate army, and later was a member of the first constitutional con
vention. His wife was Miss Sarah F. Hicks, a daughter of Samuel and Sarah
Hicks, of Xew Hartford, X. Y. Dr. Williams died May 7, 1892, leaving his wife and seven children, five of whom are residents of Waycross: Mrs. H. J. Lott,
Henry C, Joseph S., Miss Mattie F. and Benjamin H., dentist. The other mem
bers of this honorable family are Mrs. S. V. Houk, Gordon county, Ga., and Dr. William P., Blackshear, Pierce Co., Ga.

JOSEPH SAMUEL WILLIAMS, a distinguished citizen of Waycross, Ware Co., was born in Burnt Fort, Charlton Co., Feb. 9, 1860. He was the second
son of Dr. Benjamin F. and Sarah F. (Hicks) Williams, with whom he early re
moved to Sunny Side, Ware Co., and again, in 1872, to Waycross, where his father erected the first house. The early education of young Williams was chiefly under private instruction. He attended the state university at Athens for two years, and then took a law course at the same institution, graduating^in August,
1886. The same year he was admitted to practice on diploma in Oconee county, Judge X. L. Hutchins, presiding, and was afterward admitted to practice in the supreme court. The young practitioner was city attorney for Waycross in 1887.
Aug. 2, 1890, he was appointed by Gov. John B. Gordon as judge of the county court, and on the expiration of his term was re-appointed by Gov. Northen for the second term of four years, from April 24, 1894. Judge Williams early in life gave
evidence of his oratorical talent, having been awarded one of the medals during his university course as the leading orator in the sophomore class in 1879. He was a member of the' Sigma Xu fraternity, also of the Demosthenian society.
Still in early life, a man of marked ability, and diligent in the pursuit of his pro fessional duties, honored and beloved by all who know him, Judge Williams will without doubt go on to a brilliant and successful future.

\^ILLIAM WILSOX, the eldest son of Solomon and Pidian Wilson, was born April 16, 1826, in the province of Posen, Prussian Poland, where he re
ceived his early education and served an apprenticeship as a tanner; for nine years he worked at his trade at a number of different establishments in various places, and then, in the fall of 1848, he started for the United States, making a short stay in England on the way. His first two years in America were spent in
Philadelphia, chiefly in work at his trade, after which for four years he was en gaged in mercantile business at Columbus, Ga., when he sold out and returned to Philadelphia. But the sunny south had woven her spell around him, and after two or three months he returned to Georgia and settled in Waresboro as a merchant. At the opening of the war Mr. Wilson entered the army, joining Com pany E. of a regiment which was assigned to Gen. Joe Johnston's command and afterward under Gen. Hood. Mr. Wilson served in the various engagements in and around Atlanta and in numerous skirmishes, but was neither wounded nor captured, and at the end of the struggle received an honorable discharge. He then returned to Ware county and engaged in lumbering. In 1884 he removed from Waresboro. which up to this time had been his home, and permanently settled in the growing town of Waycross, with the activities and interests of which he has ever since been identified. He carries on a large and thriving business and in 1890 erected an elegant new block which does credit to his enter
prise and taste and is an ornament to the city. Mr. Wilson is a prominent Mason,

WILLIAM WILSON.

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and has held various positions of honor in the fraternity. In 1858 he was mar
ried to Miss Martha J. Smith, of one of the most highly esteemed families in the community.

I EON A. WILSON is the eldest son of William and Martha J. (Smith) Wilson,
and was born in Waresboro, Ware Co., Ga., Nov. 14, 1859. His early edu cation was acquired in the common schools in part under the instruction of Col.
G. M. T. Ware in Waycross. He afterward read law with Messrs. Jackson, Lawton & Basinger, Savannah, and June 9, 1880, was admitted to practice in
the superior court and in February, 1891, to the supreme court. From his earliest
entrance into public life the worth and ability of Mr. Wilson have been recognized by appointments and elections to positions of trust and responsibility. In 1883
he was appointed by Gov. Stephens judge of the county court, which office he resigned at the end of two years. The ensuing year he was elected mayor of Waycross. In 1892-93 he represented Ware county in the general assembly and
was placed upon several of the most important committees--general judiciary, incorporations, etc., and was appointed chairman of that on temperance. In 1894
he was elected to represent the fifth senatorial district in the general assembly. Mr. Wilson is one of the standard-bearers of the temperance cause in Georgia
and is a member of the prohibition executive for his district. He has already won
a front position in his profession in his circuit and in the supreme court, and his past services in the legislative halls of Georgia prove him to be a man of marked ability, energy and uncompromising integrity. Few men have a better record
than Leon Wilson, and undoubtedly distinguished professional and political honors await him in the future. Mr. Wilson was happily married Sept. 23, 1882, to Miss Carrie Murphy, of Waycross, formerly of Dunellen, N. J., a union which has been blessed with three children. He is actively devoted to the interests of the Methodist church, of which he is an influential member and chairman of the board of stewards.

WILLIAM MANASSAS WILSON, of Waycross, Ware Co., Ga., youngest son of William and Martha J. Wilson, was born in Waresboro, Ware Co.,
Ga., Oct. 21, 1861, his middle name being given in commemoration of the first
battle of Manassas. He was educated in the common schools of his native county, and spent his early years, until 1877, in farming, when he went into the store with
his father, where he remained until the close of 1882. Having been elected clerk of the superior court, he removed to Waycross, the county seat, and entered upon his duties in January, 1883. He held this position lor ten years, having been elected bi-ennially. Upon the-removal of his father to Waycross Mr. Wilson again engaged with him in the various mercantile enterprises in which they have
been so successful. He had no small part, together with his father and brother, Hon. L. A. Wilson, in the erection of the fine new block now occupied by them with others, and which contains three large and elegant stores, numerous offices, and the hall of the Knights of Pythias. Mr. Wilson has been active in promoting whatever has seemed for the real interest of the city of his adoption. Was a member of the building committee for the new court house, which in 1890 was completed at a cost of $26,000, by Miles & Bradt, of Atlanta, who built Geor gia's state capitol. In 1889 he was appointed one of the water works commis sioners, and re-appointed in 1891 for a term of six years. In this connection he was influential in forwarding the admirable system which was completed in 1893
at a cost of $30,000. Mr. Wilson is a charter member of Wakefield lodge, Knights of Pythias, organized in 1885, has been through all the chairs and has been

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MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

clerk of the exchequer for five years. Jan. ai, 1885, Mr. Wilson married Miss
Sarah Phoebe Pinckney, a daughter of Eustis and Julia Pinckney, of Columbia, S. C; her grandfather, the noted Dr. Charles Courtney Pinckney, was a son of Charles Cotesworth Pinckney, of South Carolina, one of the signers of the Decla ration of Independence, and a member of the convention which framed the con stitution of the United States. Mrs. Wilson is also a niece of Bishop Lynch, who for twenty-five years was bishop of South Carolina. Mr. and Mrs. Wilson are the parents of two sons and two daughters.

WARREN COUNTY.
\yiLLIAM B. B. CASON, minister and farmer, Warrenton, Warren Co., Ga., son of John F. and Nancy (Baker) Cason, was born in Warren county,
Dec. 21, 1837. His mother was a daughter of Blake Baker, of Washington county, Ga., and his parents had eleven children born to them, of which he was the second--eight girls and three boys--of whom four girls and one boy are de ceased. Until he was eighteen years old his time was divided between farmwork and school; then his father made him overseer of his plantation, and con tinued him for four years; was then overseer for others until May n, 1861, when he enlisted in the McDuffie Rifles, Capt. E. H. Pottle, Fifth Georgia regiment, Col. J. K. Jackson. He was in many engagements of more or less importance. In the raid on Santa Rosa island, Fla., he was shot through the thigh, and was off duty five weeks, after which he rejoined his command at Pensacola. At Chickamauga he received a wound on the elbow of his right arm, from which he has never entirely recovered. While the Confederates were falling back from Dalton he was shot througTi the wrist, which disabled him from bearing arms; so he carried the field hospital knapsack. On his arrival at Bentonville, N. C., he was detailed to hospital service, in which he was continued until the surrender. Returning from the war he resumed farming, and followed it until 1869, when he went to Hephzibah, Ga., and attended the high school of which Rev. W. L. Kilpatrick was principal. He then taught school several years at different places, after which he clerked five years for merchants at Thomson and Jewell's, Ga. He then returned to his farm, where he has since remained, satisfied with the com panionship of an interesting family, and the abundant products of a well-managed farm. In 1873 he was regularly ordained a minister, but his voice failing he was compelled to abandon preaching. He stands excellently well with the people, and is a useful citizen notwithstanding his misfortune. Mr. Cason was married Aug. 31, 1865, to Miss Amelia, daughter of Jasper McCreary, of Warren county, by whom he has had seven children: Jasper Newton; D. May, now Mrs. G. W. Etheridge; William Edgar; Nannie Amelia, now Mrs. R. L. Bowen; John Frank lin ; Ida Davis, and Marion Pitts, deceased. Mr. Cason is a master Mason.
I AWSOX A. CASON, farmer and merchant, Warrenton, Warren Co., Ga., son of James M. C. and Ellen (Montgomery) Cason, was born in Warren county
Sept 21, 1837, the seventh of nine children. He worked on the farm and attended the common country schools while a lad and youth, until 1857, when he took charge as overseer of his father's and Theighboring farms. In 1862 he

WARREN COUNTY SKETCHES.

1003

bought a farm, and engaged in farming on his own account During the civil war he was in the state militia, in a company of which T. S. Hunley was captain, Second Georgia regiment, Col. Storey. He was not in any important engagement, and was stationed at Augusta at the time of the surrender. After the war he returned to his farm, and in 1871 commenced a general merchandise business in connection with it, which he has since continued. He has been successful and prosperous in both farm and store, and stands well as a farmer and merchant Mr. Cason was married Dec. 12, 1861, to Miss Louisa L., daughter of William Neal, of Warren county, by whom he has had eleven children, six daughters and five sons--two of whom are dead. He is a master Mason, and a member of the Baptist church, which he joined in 1852.
("lEORGE T. CLARKE, farmer, Warrcnton, Warren Co.. Ga., son of Richard ^-* H. and Julia A. E. (Cheely) Clarke, was bom Aug. 14, 1847. His parents were natives of Virginia who came to Georgia early in life, and Mr. Clarke was the first of ten children--six boys and four girls--born to them. One son and one daughter are dead. His boyhood and youth were spent on the farm and at school. In 1863 he enlisted in Company B, Capt. King, Twenty-seventh Georgia battalion, Maj. Stubbs, and was in the battles at Bentonville and Greensboro, N. C. When he was eighteen years of age he had to take charge of the family farm, and managed it with skill and profit. When he reached manhood he went to Augusta, Ga., and engaged as a clerk about fifteen months, and then returned to the farm, where he remained nine years. The next three years he was engaged in railway work, after which he permanently settled down to farming, which he has since pursued with satisfactory results. Mr. Clarke married Miss Julia Ann, daughter of John Brown, of Virginia, who has borne him six children--four daughters and two sons--of whom two daughters and a son are deceased. He is an active member of the Methodist church.

CPHRAIM P. DAVIS, lawyer, Warrenton, Warren Co., Ga., son of W. P. and Sarah (Hearn) Davis, was born in Campbell county, Ga., July 10, 1858. His
parents were natives of Campbell county, his mother being a daughter of Jacob Hearn, and he the eighth of nine children born to them, two of whom died early in life. He was raised and worked on the farm, going to school as opportunity presented. When nineteen years old he entered Emory college, Oxford, Ga., where he remained three years, and then left, without graduating, so as to give a younger brother an opportunity for a better education, the circumstances of the family being inadequate to meet the expenses of two at college. After he left college he went to Oswichee, Russell Co., Ala., where he taught school nine months, and then returned to Campbell county and read law in the office of Roan & Rosser, at Fairburn, Ga. At the September term of court in 1882 he was admitted to the bar, Judge Samson W. Harris presiding, and immediately afterward located at Warrenton, where he has secured a large and valuable and influential clientage. He is noted for the careful preparation of his cases, his zeal and fidelity, and his general success in the management of them. Mr. Davis was married Dec. 23, 1889, to Miss Mamie, daughter of Capt. James F. Fowler, of Warren county, who has borne him two children--a son, James Cecil, and a daughter, Carwee. He is a master Mason, and has been a member of the Meth odist church from childhood.
CAMUEL H. GHEESLING, farmer, Warrenton, Warren Co., Ga., son of Samuel A. and Lizzie (Duggan) Gheesling, was born Dec. 27, 1864. His
father was a farmer of some prominence in Warren county, and his mother was a

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MEMOIRS OP GEORGIA.

daughter of Asa Duggan, a well-to-do farmer of Washington county, Ga. Mr. Gheesling spent his early years on the family farm, and was educated at the near-by schools. When eighteen years old he rented land from his father and commenced farming for himself. Two years later he bought land from his father,
on which he has farmed since with success.. He is industrious and frugal, of sterling qualities, and commands the utmost respect from all who know him. On Xov. 10,1892, he married Miss Cornelia, daughter of J. T. Harris, of Warren county, by whom he has had one child--a son--which he had the misfortune to
lose by death.

I OHX G. J. HUFF, farmer, Warrenton, Warren Co., Ga., son of George M.
and Uniti (Hobbs) Huff, was born in Warren county Sept 29, 1825. He was the second of eight children--four boys and four girls--and worked on the farm and attended school until he was eighteen years old. At that age his
father placed him in charge of the plantation as overseer, and he continued as such for seven years. He then bought land in his native county and fanned on
it on his own account until his father died, when he bought the old homestead,
where he has since lived and prospered. In connection with his farm he has conducted a general merchandise store with advantage to the community and with profit to himself. In 1863 he enlisted in the Linton Stephens battalion, which
was sent to Savannah, and was there during the siege. With his command he 'was
in many engagements of more or less importance in Georgia and South Carolina, and in the battle of Honey Hill, S- C. He was at home on furlough at the time
of the surrender. In 1854 he was elected justice of the peace, and re-elected consecutively for twelve years. Mr. Huff was married April 16, 1851, to Miss
Vashti A. F., daughter of Rev. Jonathan Huff, of Warren county, by whom he has had eight children--six boys and two girls--of whom two boys have died. He is a prominent member of the Baptist church.

T WILLIAM PEARCE JOHXSOX, farmer, Warrenton, Warren Co., Ga., * son of William and Rebecca F. (Johnson) Johnson, was born in Warren
county Aug. 10, 1861. During his boyhood he worked on the farm and attended the common schools of the county. He continued on the farm until he reached manhood, when he commenced farming on his own account, and his success has equaled his most sanguine expectations. Content with the emplo3fments and returns of farm life, he has sought no other source of distinction or of emolument. He is highly esteemed as a farmer and citizen; and as he is a young man, he has ample time, as he assuredly will have opportunity, for entering other fields
of enterprise. Mr. Johnson was married Jan. n, 1883, to Miss Sallie S., daughter of Elias Wilson, of McDuffie county, Ga., by whom he has had two children, one of whom is dead. He is an ardent member of the Methodist church.

THOMAS M. JOXES, farmer, Warrenton, Warren Co., Ga., son of Adam and Mary (Hardwick) Jones, was born in Warren county March 13, 1831. He
was raised on the farm ar.d educated in the common schools of the locality and period. On the death of his father the management of the estate devolved on him, and he has managed it with great ability and to the entire satisfaction of
all concerned. He is a good and progressive farmer, whose probity of character commands the respect and confidence of his fellow-citizens. In 1864 he enlisted in Company I, Capt. J. S. Fowler, First Georgia battalion, Col. E. H. Pottle, Gen. Carswell's brigade, and Maj.-Gen. Smith's division, and was in the battle
of Honey Hill, S. C. He has been a notary public, and ex-officio justice of the

WARREN COUNTY SKETCHES.

1005

peace since 1880; and in 1886 was a county commissioner. He has been a con sistent and devoted member of the Baptist church since 1873.

DOBERT P. H. LAZENBY, farmer, Warrenton, Warren Co., Ga., son of S. J. and Frances L. M. (Bacon) Lazenby, was born in Warren county Oct 26,
1831. He was reared on the farm and attended the neighboring country schools until he was seventeen years of age, when he went to Madison county, Miss., where he attended a high school under Prof. Maure. He remained there two years, and on his return entered upon the management of his sister's plantation, which he has continued with gratifying success to the present time. Soon after the war between the states began he enlisted in Company B, Capt. Hall, Fortyeighth Georgia regiment, Col. William Gibson, and was assigned to the army of northern Virginia. He participated in the seven days' fight around Richmond, Seven Pines, Fredericksburg, and other battles of equal importance. His health failing he secured a substitute and returned home, and has since devoted his entire time and attention to the plantation interests confided to him.

THEODOSIUS E. MASSENGALE, merchant-farmer, Norwood, Warren Co., Ga., son of Dr. Theodosius and Angelina (Pettit) Massengale, was born in
Wrightsboro, Columbia (now McDuffie) Co., Ga., June 22, 1848. His grand father, Capt. White, was a brave officer and \von distinction during the revolu tionary war. His maternal grandfather, Pierson Pettit, was born in Paris, France, and came to this country when a small boy and made his home in Virginia. Some years later he came to Georgia and settled in Columbia county, where he became a prominent lawyer and wealthy planter. Mr. Massengale was the sixth of eight children--three daughters and five sons--born to his parents. He attended the Wrightsboro high school until he was fifteen years old, when he ran away and joined a company commanded by Capt. John K. Jackson, entered the Confederate service, and was an active participant in the exciting fights around Atlanta. He attended school two years after his return from the war, and then engaged in farming in connection with a general merchandise store, first at Thomson. McDuffie Co., Ga., and later, in 1872, moved to his present location, where he has continued to the present time. He had the honor of christening the town of Norwood--intended as a compliment to the distinguished Georgia ex-senator. From 1882 to 1884 he was county school commissioner of Warren county, and from 1880 to 1882, and again from 1884 to 1888 he was a member of the county board of education. In 1888 he was elected to represent his senator ial district--composed of the counties of Greene, Taliaferro and Warren--receiv ing a very large majority, his own precinct giving him 143 out of 151 votes cast, leaving eight votes to be divided among opposing candidates--a practically unanimous vote. He was made chairman of the committee on journals, and second on the committee on finance, and was particularly distinguished for his usefulness on the floor, being strong in debate, and fluent, forcible and elegant in his delivery. Mr. Massengale is a progressive, enterprising and broadminded man of generous impulses, and is noted for his liberal contributions in aid of the building of schools and churches and other houses for public use. No appeal for pecuniary assistance for a charitable object that he believes to be for the public good is unheeded by him. No citizen of Warren county stands higher in the public estimation--none is stronger or more substantial financially--none has a stronger hold on the public confidence. He has accumulated a competency and has done it by liberal dealing and an unselfish policy--doing unto others as he

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would be done by. "To his state and friends he is as true as a mother to her babe." Mr. Massengale was married June 12, 1872, to Miss Sallie E., daughter of Rev. Leonard Rush, of Talbot county, Ga., who died February, 1892, having borne him four children--two boys and two girls. Feb. 14, 1894, he married Miss Mary, daughter of Hon. Nathan A. Crawford, of Lincoln county, Ga. Mr. Massengale is a master Mason, and an influential member of the Methodist church. Ex-state school commissioner James S. Hook held Mr. Massengale in high estimation as county school commissioner, and expressed his appreciation of his worth when preparing sketches of state senators in 1889, by heading it with the following quotation:
"Worth makes the man, and want of it the fellow, The rest is all but leather and prunello."

EDWARD S. O'BRIEN, merchant, Barnett, Warren Co., Ga., son of Henry
and Almira P. (Trull) O'Brien, was born in Charleston, S. C., Jan. 8, 1847. His father was born in County Limerick, Ireland, and came to this country when young. His mother was born in North Carolina, and was of an old family of note. His father securing a position in the navy yard at Warrington, Fla., his early boyhood was spent there, where he received his early schooling. When he was thirteen years old the family returned to Charleston, where his education was finished at the public and other schools. In 1862 the family refugeed to Washington, Wilkes Co., Ga., where he secured a position as assistant to the railway agent, and remained until September, 1863, when he became assistant agent of the railway at Barnett. In 1865 he was appointed agent, and received
the additional appointments of express agent and postmaster. The railroad and express agencies he held until 1884, and is still postmaster. In 1866 he engaged iii merchandising under the firm name of Battle & O'Brien, and in 1867 he bought his partners interest and has since conducted the business on his individ ual account. He has done a good business, been successful, and is a prominent citizen. June 10, 1868, he married Miss Emma M., daughter of Beder Proctor, of Taliaferro county, who has borne him thirteen children--ten sons and three daughters, six of the sons deceased. In religion Mr. O'Brien is a Roman Catholic.

IAMES A. WOOD, deceased farmer, Warren county, Ga., son of Joseph and Rebecca (Hamilton) Wood, was born in Warren county in 1823. He was
reared on the farm, and educated at the common schools of the county; and when he attained his majority engaged in farming as a life-occupation. He supple-
mented his farming business by dealing in fine horses, for which he had a real passion, and was accounted one of the best judges of horse-flesh in all that part of the state. He was a man of great energy of character, enterprising and progressive in his farm management, and the matter of improvement of stock--in which he was regarded as high authority. He was one of the most happily constituted of men, genial and companionable--everybody's friend, and, appar ently, everybody was his friend; if he had an enemy it was never known to him.
During the disastrous war he was a member of the state militia, gallantly partici pated in the defense of Atlanta, and was in the service at the time of the surrender. After that event he returned to his farm, which he conducted with his accustomed success until his death, which occurred Jan. 12, 1884. He was an enthusiastic member of the masonic fraternity. He was married twice, the wife surviving him being the daughter of Hon. Joseph Adkins, late senator of the Georgia legislature. Mr. Wood was a Christian and a kind and affectionate husband.

WASHINGTON COUNTY SKETCHES.

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WASHINGTON COUNTY.
IOUIS COHEN, banker, Sandersville, Washington Co., Ga., son of Samuel and Adaline Cohen, was born in Bromberg, Prussia, Jan. 7, 1849. In 1852 his
parents migrated to Georgia and settled in Irwinton, Wilkinson Co. After four years' residence there they removed to Americus, Sumter Co., Ga., where he grew to manhood. His primary education was as good as the unsettled condition of the country at that time could afford, and this was supplemented by a business course in the Bryant and Stratton school in New York. While yet a mere boy he went to Bainbridge, Ga., and opened a store, but after running it a few months he returned to Americus and transacted a general merchandise business until 1877, when he transferred his business interests to Sandersville and continued them with exceptionally good success for ten years. Then (1887) ne discontinued mer chandising and in company with Morris Happ, now of Macon, Ga., established a banking house, which has grown to be one of the best of its class in the south. In 1890 Mr. Happ retired and left Mr. Cohen the sole proprietor, who, since then has conducted the business under the commercial designation of The Banking House of Louis Cohen. The success he has had, not only in this, but his other financial ventures, is due to his integrity of character, and the strictly business principles which govern him. Besides being at the head of the Sandersville financial institutions, he is president of the Sandersville & Tennille railway, the construction of which is due almost entirely to the pluck, perseverance and finan cial ability of Mr. Cohen. Under discouragements and a persistent opposition, growing out of certain local and railway influences, and obstacles which would have appalled one of a less indomitable spirit, he persevered until the work was accomplished--a work which has been of inestimable advantage and benefit to the business interests and people of Sandersville, a service for which the people hold him in high estimation. As might be expected a man of Mr. Cohen's progressive views and exuberant public spirit could not be overlooked when citizens must be chosen to manage public affairs; so when a citizen of Americus, and hardly of legal age, he was elected a member of the board of aldermen, and was continued as such until his removal to Sandersville. Here, also, his public spirit and recognized ability brought him to the front, and he has served as mayor of the city several terms and he is now a member of the county board of educa tion. He is a conspicuous and worthy representative of that class of American citizens, native-born and naturalized, who have done so much towards rehabili tating the south and developing her magnificent possibilities. Mr. Cohen was married July 29, 1874, to Miss Annie, daughter of P. Happ, one of the leading merchants of Sandersville, by whom he has had two children: H. Edward and Florence, whose bright qualities fitly adorn their beautiful home.
I EON A. GRAYBILL, physician, Oconee, Washington Co., Ga., son of Tully and Anna (Tucker) Graybill, was born in Washington county March 10, 1853.
His grandfather, John Graybill, migrated from Pennsylvania to Georgia and set tled in Hancock county, whence, in 1849, he moved to Texas. Dr. Graybill's

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MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

father was the only member of the family who remained in Georgia. He had graduated in medicine at Lexington, Ky., and had located near Oconee in Wash ington county, where he had established himself in a good practice, and where he continued most of his lifetime. He had received an excellent education and was a man of fine natural ability and taste. He was an "old-line whig" in politics, and represented the count}- in the general assembly a number of terms. During the closing years of his life his health was very much impaired. He was an active member of the Baptist church, and died in October, 1883. Besides the subject of this sketch--an only son--his parents had three other children: Mary, Mrs. V. S. Joyner, Sandersville; Emma, Mrs. Dr. J. S. Wood, Irwinton, Ga., and Laura, Mrs. Robert J. Moye, Harrison, Ga. Dr. Graybill received a good pri mary and preparatory education, and having studied medicine under his father, attended lectures at the Bellevue Hospital Medical college, New York, from which he was graduated in 1880. He immediately located at Oconee, where he has lived ever since and built up an extensive and remunerative practice; in ad dition to this he has been interested for a number of years in a large general merchandising business. In 1892 he was selected as one of the democratic stand ard-bearers to represent Washington county in the general assembly, but, although he made a good race, he was defeated. Dr. Graybill was married in Washington county in 1882 to Miss Mary,- born and reared in the county, daughter of M. G. Wood, Sr., who has borne him five children: Anna Lou, Nina, Mary, Leon A., and Laura.

J H. JACKSOX, planter, near Davisboro, Washington Co., son of Josiah and Sallie (Harris) Jackson, was born in Franklin county, N. C., May 12,
1830. His father \vas sheriff of Franklin county many years, and was also a soldier during the Seminole war and in the war with Mexico. In 1849 he migrated from North Carolina to Georgia and settled near Davisboro, where he died some years afterward of cancer. He was a good and thrifty farmer, a good manager, and accumulated considerable property. Of nine children born to him four sur vive: J. H., the subject of this sketch; John, planter, Palmer, Tex.; Catharine,
single, with J. H.: Carrie, wife of John Huff, Griffin, Ga. Mr. Jackson remained on the farm some years after arriving at maturity and then went to Savannah, where he spent some six years previous to the outbreak of the unpleasantness. He enlisted in Company K, of which he was made second lieutenant, First Geor gia regiment. He did so believing that Georgia would not go out of the Union, but when Fort Pulaski was fired upon he resigned and returned home. When Atlanta was besieged, however, he joined the state troops and participated in the defense of that city. After the surrender he rented land one year, and then bought a small tract, to which he has gradually but steadily added until now he owns a splendid 9OO-acre plantation, and is accumulating property very fast. He is one
of the largest, and is credited with being one of the best and most successful plant ers in the county, and is a pushing, energetic, go-ahead manager. He works the county convicts and has done so for fourteen years. Mr. Jackson was married in Sandersville in 1854 to Miss Martha, daughter of George Franklin, a member of an old and very wealthy Georgia family. She was reared and educated in the county. Several children have been born to them: Ellen, wife of W. H. Kitchen, Washington county: J. A., Palmer, Tex.: Vita, wife of W. S. Grubb, Davisboro, Ga.; Sallie. deceased; Joe S., Palmer, Tex.; Carrie, deceased. He is a very enthusiastic and active member of the populist party, a master Mason and an influential member of the Christian church. Mr. Jackson is especially and justly

WASHINGTON COUNTY SKETCHES.

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proud of his two boys in Texas. The oldest went there a few years ago, settled
a few miles from Dallas, and put up a gin. He now has a large ginnery and oil-
mill, and is worth about $50,000--the result of remarkable business sagacity and management His brother joined him last year.

M ATHAN H. JORDAN, planter, Davisboro, Washington Co., Ga., son of Cor nelius and Hearty (Haines) Jordan, was born in Washington county March
19, 1846. His grandparents on both sides--Thomas Jordan and Nathan Haines --migrated from North Carolina to Georgia and settled in Washington county in the early part of this century. They were thrifty and successful planters, became quite well off in property and themselves and wives lived to a ripe old age. His grandmother Haines was noted for being very religious. Mr. Jordan and Mr. Haines were whigs in politics, and the Jordans were ardent Baptists, while the Haines were enthusiastic Methodists. Mr. Jordan's father was born in Wash ington county, where he was reared a planter, continued one all his life, and married and reared his family. His parents reared to maturity several children: Catharine, wife of Miles Tanner, Sanford, Fla.; Jane, Mrs. Dr. J. H. May, Wash ington county, deceased; Luna Ann, Mrs. W. H. Fulgham, Riddleville, Wash ington county; Amos A., John county, Ga., deceased; Stephen Thomas, Lees,burg, Ga.; Nathan H., the subject of this sketch; Cornelius, Atlanta; Sarah E., widow of Sol. Wilson, Riddleville; Araminta, unmarried, Tennille; Roberta, Mrs. W. N. Harmon, Tennille; A. Y. H., Washington county. His father was considered a very excellent farmer and accumulated a quite large property. He gave all his children a common school education and a fair start. His wife died in 1860, and himself in 1870. Mr. Jordan was reared a planter on the old planta
tion, and has lived in Washington county all his life. He enlisted as a private in Company B, Twelfth Georgia battalion, and served in the army in Virginia, about Richmond, and was seriously wounded in his left knee in the battle at Cold Harbor. When he was able to get about he was sent to Augusta, Ga., where he was on guard duty at time of the surrender. The vigilant attention and care ex ercised by him in the management of his business interests may be conceived when it is stated that he conducts five different plantations containing in the aggregate 2,600 acres. He lived on one of these until about five years ago, when he moved to Davisboro, where he has lived since, taking much interest in the affairs of the town and county, and exercising a wide and strong salutary influence--the extent
and value of which may be estimated when it is remembered that his family and connections are old settlers, numerous and wealthy. Mr. Jordan is also vice-
president of Davisboro bank. He is a strong teetotaler and an enthusiastic ad vocate of the temperance cause, always willing and ready to work for it. Mr. Jordan was married in Washington county in 1881 to Miss Nancy, daughter of Hopewell and Sarah Hooks, who, including Mrs. Jordan, reared ten children, the others being: Lucinda Olivia and Martha, unmarried, who make their home at the old homestead near Warthen, with Nathaniel H., also unmarried, who is considered one of the best fanners in the county, has accumulated a good prop erty and who strives always to make his home a pleasant resting place for the
weary traveler; Bennett, Gibson, Glascock Co.; Gabriel S., Dublin, Ga.; Sarah J. Kelley, deceased: Mary Harris, Texas; Winnifred H. Smith, Sandersville, Ga., all highly respected citizens. Mr. and Mrs. Jordan have not been blessed with any children. He is an uncompromising working democrat and an enthusiastic master Mason, having been instrumental in organizing the local lodge of which he is worshipful master, and himself and wife are prominent and in
fluential members of the Baptist church.
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MEMOIRS Of GEORGIA.

CTEPHEX 13. MILLS, physician, Dwight, Washington Co., Ga., son of Stephen
and Mar>- (Gladin) Mill's, was born in Washington count}- Xov. 24, 1829. His grandfather, John Mills, migrated from North Carolina to Georgia when a young man, and settled in Washington county. He married and farmed, reared
a family of ten children, and when lie died was eighty-four years old. Dr. Mills' father was born in the county, and grew to manhood on the farm. He was a man of great energy and a good manager, and accumulated a quite large property before the war. But when Sherman was "marching through Georgia'' his mills
were burned, his stock "confiscated,"' and his plantation almost ruined. It so preyed upon his mind that it was believed to have hastened his death. He was a very earnest democrat, and early in life was a captain of the militia--when it
was a coveted local distinction. He was the father of ten children: James W., Washington count}-; John F., deceased; Solomon L., died during the war; Stephen B., the subject of this sketch; Mar}- E., Mrs. A. W. Jackson, Sandersville, Ga.: Patience A., widow of H. B. Hooks, Washington county; Martha J.r
deceased: Lydia A., deceased; Julia Ann; and Julia Frances, deceased. He died Sept. 6. 1873, aged seventy-four, and his widow died July 3, 1880, aged seventy-nine years. Dr. Mills was reared on the farm, and received a fair educa
tion, read medicine under Dr. John Stone, then attended lectures at the Medical college of Georgia, Augusta, from which he graduated in 1858. He returned home after his graduation, remaining about a year, and then practiced with his
preceptor a short tmv. When the war between the states began he enlisted in Company C, Forty-ninth Georgia regiment, as a private, and after serving as such a few months was assigned to duty as assistant surgeon, in which he continued during the war, mostly in Virginia. Returning from the war he settled in the present neighborhood, where he has continued since, having a very large practice, and conducting a large fanning interest, which .from small beginnings has increased to 1,200 acres. He is very popular as a citizen and as a medical prac
titioner, and has been very successful. Dr. Mills was married in Washington county July 21, 1864, to Miss Mattie Lee, daughter of Green and Charity (Bateman) Mills, by whom he has had no children. Her grandfather, Jesse Mills, came from Xorth Carolina to Georgia, cettled in Washington county, where he married, and after rearing a family moved to Crawford county, Ga., where he
died. Her father reared three children: Mrs. Mills; Andrew, who was killed in the battle of Seven Pines; and William G., now living in Washington county. Dr. Mills is a democrat and a prominent member of the Baptist church.

M XEWMAX, county ordinary, Sandersville, Washington Co., Ga., son of ' David and Hinda (La Zelle) Xewman, was bom in Posen, Prussian Poland,
Jan. 9,1827. Having been liberally educated and his father a broker, he acquired an intimate practical knowledge of business methods. When nineteen years of age, in order to escape the military service exacted by the government, he deter
mined to emigrate to the United States, which he did and landed in New York in May, 1846. He soon obtained employment in a large wholesale and retail clothing establishment in that city. The following year he came to Savannah, Ga., and thence in the fall to Sandersville, and entered upon his mercantile career, has lived a much respected and honored citizen, and established a large and successful business. In March, 1862, he enlisted in Company C--of which he was made second lieutenant--Forty-ninth Georgia regiment, and with his com mand participated in many of the bloodiest and most stubbornly contested battles of the conflict, among them: Seven Pines, Mechanicsville, Cold Harbor, Frazer's
farm, Malvern hill, Cedar run, second Manassas; Ox hill, Harper's ferry, Shep-

WAYNE COUNTY SKETCHES.

IOII

herdstown, Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, Mine run, Wilderness, Spottsylvania court house, Jericho, Nance's shop, and Petersburg. He was
slightly wounded once and captured twice; the first time at Ox hill, but was soon exchanged, and the second time at Fort Gregg, April 2, 1865, where his command made a gallant and desperate charge--entering with 250 men, and coming out with only 34 alive, who were taken prisoners. He has many highly appreciated testimonials of his efficiency and popularity as an adjutant while in the service. As an evidence of the respect had for his judgment by his superior officers one instance will be given. Invited to a consultation--as was frequently done--in regard to enlisting negroes in the Confederate service, he promptly and unre servedly advocated it; in fact he was the first person to urge the policy. He drafted a plan for carrying it practically into effect and submitted it to his ranking officer, who endorsed it and started it to headquarters. It was endorsed by every officer up to the immortal Confederate commander--who approved and returned it. After the surrender he returned to Sandersville and resumed busi ness, which he continued with increasing expansion and success until 1881, when, responding to the call of his appreciative fellow-citizens, he accepted the office of ordinary of Washington county--to which he has been successively re-elected and holds to-day. Bringing to the discharge of its important duties the system and punctuality of a thoroughbred and thoroughgo'ing business man, he is rec ognized as one of the best officials in the state. As an honorable and reliable merchant he ranked among the foremost; as a soldier none exhibited greater
courage or faithfulness; and as a public officer he is without a superior. Of progressive proclivities, and development on all lines, he has bestowed much study and thought to scientific agriculture. Consulting the best publications on the theory and practice of cultivating the soil, he is accepted as authority on the subject. Mr. Xewman, though of Jewish faith, married Ann M. Ainsworth, a member of one of the oldest and best Gentile families in the county. Four children have blessed the union, two of whom are living: James D., and Isadore W., who succeeded their father in business, and are now one of the strongest firms in the city. .

WAYNE COUNTY.
JOHN W. BEXXETT, a promising young lawyer at Jesup, Ga., and son of John T. and Rebecca Jane (Akins) Bennett, of Wayne county, was born Sept
15, 1865, about sixteen miles south of Jesup. His great-grandfather came from England to America probably toward the close of the last century. His grand father, Braxton Bennett, was one of the early settlers of Wayne county, and was a soldier in the war of 1812. John T., Mr. Bennett's father, was, in early life, elected receiver and collector of taxes, and subsequently served eight years as treasurer for the county of Wayne. John W. Bennett was married to Charity Gertrude, daughter of Lewis and Sarah (Geiger) Price, of Liberty county, Ga., Dec. 31, 1889. Mr. Price was a Baptist minister of considerable note, a fanner and stock-raiser, and has served Liberty county as school commissioner. Mr. Bennett's early education was limited to that obtainable at the "old field" schools in that section. When of age, with means of his own, he paid the expenses at the State universitv at Athens for a two vears' literarv course and a one-vear

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MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

course in the law department In August, 1889, he entered upon the practice of law at Jesup, meeting with excellent encouragement and obtaining his share of verdicts in suits brought He is paying particular attention to criminal and
corporation practice. In 1889 he was appointed prosecuting attorney by Judge Fort He soon after drafted a bill investing the governor with the authority to make such appointment, and placed it in charge of die member from Wayne, by whom it was introduced into the legislature, and it became a law. Under the law he was subsequently appointed prosecuting attorney for the county by Gov. Northen. He held the office from the time he entered upon the practice until
he was elected a member of the general assembly in 1892. For a young man an<l youthful member, he was given no little prominence and made a splendid record. He was always at the post of duty--in committee or on the floor of the house--prompt and efficient He was complimented with the chairmanship of the committee on wild lands, and did equally excellent and efficient service on several other committees. Mr. Bennett introduced a bill providing for the employ
ment of the state's convicts on the public highways; but as the contract system would not expire until 1896, it was regarded as premature by the committee to whom it was referred, and in compliance with the request of the committee, who did not wish to make an adverse report, he withdrew the bill. Mr. Bennett also took a conspicuously active part in having the bill passed providing for the pay ment of the public school teachers quarterly instead of at the end of the year. Pro fessionally and politically, Mr. Bennett seems to have a bright and honorable career before him. Such is his popularity, and so high the estimation in which he is held, his fellow countrymen had him to represent them again in the general
assembly. He enjoys the honorable distinction of being the only representative who has been elected for a second term in the general assembly since the war. He is president of the school board of trustees. Mr. Bennett is an ardent democrat, a
member of the I. O. O. F. and the Knights of Pythias, and a Missionary Baptist in religious faith.

A H. CHANCY, Dale's Mill, Wayne Co.. Ga., is one of the busy men in his * community, being a member of the mercantile firm of Nicholas & Chancy,
runs a farm and wood and turpentine business, and is postmaster, having been appointed in 1892. A. H. Chancy was born Sept. 19, 1867, and is a son of James and Elizabeth (Hilton) Chancy, natives of Wayne county, being one of six chil dren born to them. Mr. Chancy's father, who was a merchant-farmer, died about 1880. His mother afterward married Willard Goodye, by whom she had no chil dren. Dec. 5, 1890, Mr. Chancy married Carrie, daughter of James H. and Fan nie (Hopps) Nicholas, both Georgians. To them two children have been born: James A. and Yernon N. Mrs. Chancy is an active member of the Missionary Baptist church. Like many others in this part of the state, Mr. Chancy had a poor start in life, but he is now making good headway for a good competency in the not distant future. Besides his interest in the store, he has a one-third in terest in a large body of land and owns a fine lot of live stock. In politics Mr. Chancy is a democrat.

f~L \V. DRAWDY, M. D., is a prominent physician and surgeon, for many years ^~^' a citizen of Jesup, Ga. He is a son of William Thomas and Eliza (Coursey) Drawdy, and was born in Wayne county April 12, 1855. ^'s great grandfather, William Thomas Drawdy, was a native of South Carolina, and lived there and
served in the patriot army in the war for independence. When he died he was ninety-seven years of age. William, Dr. Dfawdy's grandfather, was a farmer

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1013

and stock-raiser, and settled in southern Georgia early in this century. The doc tor's parents were natives respectively of Wayne and Tattnall counties. The early education of Dr. Drawdy was obtained in the public schools of Wayne and Liberty counties, and when a young man he taught three terms. In the spring of 1883 he graduated from Atlanta Medical college, and afterward attended one course of lectures at a medical college in New York, and one at Jefferson Medical college, Philadelphia. In April, 1883, he located in Jesup, where he has since continued in the practice, excepting the intervals of absence attending medical lectures in New York and Philadelphia. His reputation for skill in the different branches of his profession is excellent, and he has established an extensive prac tice. April 12, 1887, Dr. Drawdy celebrated his birthday by his union by mar riage with Jennie Irene, daughter of John D. and Mary E. (Manning) Rumph, natives respectively of Glynn and Wayne counties. Mr. Rumph was a lawyer who attained to some distinction in his profession, enjoyed the confidence of a numer ous and wealthy clientage, and represented Wayne county in the general assembly. To Dr. Drawdy and his wife one child only, Essie Lee, has been born. Dr. Drawdy is a democrat, is at present chairman of the democratic central com mittee of Wayne county, and has served Jesup as an alderman one year. He is a Mason and has acceptably filled all the important offices in the blue lodge, and is past high priest of the R. A. chapter. He has also filled the important offices
of the I. O. O. F. and the K. of P. fraternities, End represented all three in their respective grand lodges. He is also surgeon of the Georgia volunteers, with the rank of lieutenant. Mrs. Drawdy is a valuable and consistent member of the Methodist church. The many fraternal and other honors bestowed show the appreciation of his fellow-citizens, while the ample competency he has accumu lated, and his management of it, demonstrate his unquestionable financial ability.

J D. HARBISON. This gentleman is the popular and efficient ticket agent at Jesup, Ga., of the E. T., Va. & Ga., and the Sav., Fla. & Western railways.
He was born May 29, 1863, near Decatur, McMtnn Co., Tenn., and is the son of Capt. W. L. and Sarah (Blevens) Harbison, now residents of Athens, Tenn. Capt. Harbison is a native of Polk county, east Tennessee, a very successful lawyer, and is attorney for the E. T., Va. & Ga. railway. His wife was the daughter of J. W. and Elizabeth (Guinn) Blevens. J. D. Harbison was married Aug. 7, 1881). to Agnes, daughter of R. B. and Martha J. (Bryan) Hopps. Mrs. Hopps is a daugh ter of James M. and Mary (O'Xeal) Bryan. Mr. Hopps is a son of Daniel G. and Frances (Bennett) Hopps, natives respectively of Wayne and Ware counties. Mr. Hopps is still living and is in his eightieth year. He represented Wayne county in the general assembly of Georgia two terms and served in the state senate one term. Daniel G. was a son of Richard and Marguerite (Gibson) Hopps. Rich ard Hopps, great-grandfather of Mrs. J. D. Harbison, was a British soldier in the war of 1812, and deserted from a man-of-war ship and joined the Americans, in company with four or five others. They deserted at night, and after wading eight
or nine miles across rivers and through swamps, finally reached Fancy Bluff, near Brunswick. Mr. Hopps' real name was Howerett, but after deserting he changed it to that his descendants now bear. Mr. Harbison began life a poor man, but by close attention to business and the prompt and conscientious discharge of his duty, aided by energy and business ability, he has achieved success. He entered upon railway work in July, 1887, as a clerk in the freight department of the E. T., V. &
G. R. R. office at Jesup. After fourteen months' faithful service lie was rewarded by promotion to the joint agency of the two railways already mentioned, a sig nificant recognition of probity of character and business ability. Mr. Harbison

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MEMOIRS OP GEORGIA.

enjoys enviable popularity and the active confidence of the railway authorities and the general public. Mr. and Mrs. Harbison have had two children born to them: D. Olin, born June 6, 1890, and Cecil, born Oct. 18, 1893. Both are prominent members of the Methodist Episcopal church south. Mr. Harbison has a beau tiful home, which occupies one of the most desirable sites in Jesup.

r* C. HILTOX, merchant and farmer, is also postmaster at Screven, Wayne Co., Ga., an office which he has satisfactorily filled for four years. He was
born March 8, 1854, in Appling county, Ga. While he was a child his parents moved to Wayne county, where he has since lived. He is a son of William- and Elizabeth (Lyons) Hilton, natives of Barnwell district, now Barnwell county, S. C. Mr. Hilton was a farmer all his life, and was seventy-two years old when he died. Mr. and Mrs. Hilton had eleven children born to them, nine of whom lived to be grown. During the late civil war he served in the "Home guards." C. C. Hilton was married Xov. 17, 1890, to Bettie, daughter of William Hoskins, a native and farmer of Jackson county, Fla. One child, Eldis Etta, has been born to them. Mr. Hilton began life poor, and what he has is the result of hard work and economy. He owns his well-stocked store, has a nice comfortable residence in Screven, and a large body of land near by. Mr. and Mrs. Hilton are earnest, liberal members of the Methodist Episcopal church, abounding in good works, and actively participating in the most important of that church's organizations.

D O. MIDDLETOX, of the firm of Middleton, Wells & Co., merchants, Atkin* son, Wayne Co., Ga.. is one of the most prominent citizens in the county. He
was born in Liberty county, Ga.. Dec. 2, 1849, and was the elder of two children born to his parents, W. S. and Mary A. (Drawdv) Middleton, natives of Liberty county. His father was a physician and surgeon--a graduate of Baltimore Med ical college--and enjoyed an extensive practice. In 1859 Dr. Middleton removed to Hortense, Wayne Co., but finally located at Jesup, where he died in 1884, aged sixty-one years. Dr. Middleton was a son of Alexander G. and Mary (Townsend) Middleton, Georgia born, of English extraction. A. G. Middleton was a farmer and stock-raiser. B. O. Middleton was married Dec. 9, 1868, to Mary J., daughter of Benjamin and Ellen (Strickland) Howard, old Georgia fam ilies. Of eight children born to Mr. and Mrs. Middleton six are living: Willie, Groomes, Ida, Gussie, Dowse B. and Pearl. At the age of nineteen, with very limited means, Mr. Middleton commenced the struggle of life, and has succeeded in placing himself in very comfortable circumstances, while winning and keeping the confidence and good-will of his fellow-citizens. He was clerk of the superior court of Wayne county for eight years, and for several years justice of the peace. At this time he is a member of the Ixiard of education. Mr. Middleton is the principal oxvner of the stock in the store, has a nice comfortable home, quite a large body of good land and a large number of cattle and other stock. Mr. Mid dleton is a master Mason and a Knight of Pythias, and he and Mrs. Middleton are members of the Methodist church, of which he is a steward. Mr. Middleton is a benevolent neighbor, affectionate husband, indulgent parent and of unim peachable integrity. In all his business transactions he shows a due regard for that Christian teaching, "Do as you would be done by," and by his upright lifeenjoys the confidence of the whole community.

r* ODFREY ODUM, of Odum, Wayne Co., Ga., has been one of the most successful and is one of the wealthiest citizens of Wayne county. Mr. Odum
was born in Bulloch county, June 22. 1832, and was one of ten children born to

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his parents, James and Mary (Thomas) Odum, eight of whom lived to be grown. Mr. Odum was a farmer and lived in Bulloch county until he died. His widow married Andrew Kicklighter, who was of Scotch descent and died not long after
ward while on a visit to Savannah. Godfrey Odum began life an orphan and poor. After farming a few years he engaged in merchandising about six years.
At the age of twenty-six he removed to Appling, now Wayne county, not far from his present home place, which he settled about 1882. Few men have been so continuously successful--a success which may be measured by the fact that he possesses 12,000 acres of land, probably more than any other person in the count}-,
is very rich in live stock and can control at any time $10,000 in cash. He is now a farmer and stock-raiser. Mr. Odum was married Sept. 18, 1856, to Rebecca,
daughter of James and Eliza (Bradley) Moody, both natives of Liberty count}-, where they lived and died. Mr. and Mrs. Odum have had two children, one, Visey
(Mrs. T. A. O'Quin, Wayne county), and another which died in infancy. Mrs. Odum is a devout member of the Missionary Baptist church. In politics Mr.
Odum is a stanch democrat, and has served the county as justice of the inferior court four years. He is a master Mason. Mr. Odum is strictly a business man, being prompt, and exacting promptness in all appointments and obligations. The postoffice and railway were named in his honor.

D S. REDDISH, Odum, Wayne Co., Ga., is a fine specimen of the successful,
big-hearted and hospitable farmer and stock-raiser of southern Georgia. Mr. Reddish was born within 200 yards of his present home, May 8, 1851, and is a son of Isham, Sr., and Harriet (Stafford) Reddish, natives respectively of Appling and Tattnall counties. Isham Reddish, Sr., in his day was about the most promi nent farmer and stock-raiser in his county. Mrs. Harriet Reddish was a daughter of Ezekiel Stafford, a native of Tattnall county, Ga. R. S. Reddish was married Feb. 19, 1885, to Eliza, daughter of Joshua Clarey, a native of Appling, now Wayne county. Mr. Clarey was a farmer and stock-raiser, who. though not rich, was very highly esteemed by all who knew him. To Mr. and Mrs. R. S. Reddish five children have been born: Linton L., Rosena C, Ralph L., William P., and one which died in infancy. Mr. Reddish inherited a fine property, but his increase of it, independently of outside enterprises, reflects the highest credit on his excel lent ability as a business man and farm manager. He is the owner of about 6,000 acres of land, half a thousand cattle, 3,000 sheep and horses, mules and hogs. His country residence is an elegant one for the locality, and he enjoys nothing more than to dispense a generous hospitality. He is a democrat in politics, and is so much liked he could probably be elected to any county office, but unambitious of such honors, and devoted to his farm and the delights of his beautiful home, he is content with private citizenship. Mrs. Reddish is a consistent and devout Metho
dist, and finds her chief enjoyment in the home circle.

THOMAS C. RUMPH, joint freight agent at Jesup, Ga., of the East Tennessee, Virginia & Georgia and Savannah, Florida & Western railways, was born at
Fair Lawn, near Waynesville, Wayne Co., Ga., Jan. 11, 1857. He is a son of John D. and Marv E. (Manning) Rumph, natives of Glynn county. Ga. Mr. Rumph's father read law under Judge T. T. Long of Waynesville. later of Florida, and at
one time enjoved a practice as large and lucrative as that of any member of the profession in this section of the state, and was a prominent, popular and influential
politician. As a lawyer lie was successful in all lines of practice, and as a politician for many years represented Wayne county in the general assembly. Mr. Rumph
died in February, 1882, aged fifty-eight years. Mrs. Rumph is still living, and at

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MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

sixty-nine years of age is as active as many women are at half her age. They had nine children born to them, of whom six lived to be grown. Thomas C. Rumph was married April g, 1883, to Louise J., daughter of Thomas and Eliza
Drawdy, by whom he has had four children: Mary Eliza, Anita Lucille, Laura Beatrice and Robert Fleming. Mr. Rumph began life poor, but by industry and energy has worked his way up to his present responsible position. He was a
clerk for several years in a general store in Chatham county before he entered the railway service. He went into the railway office as an under clerk, but the interest he manifested in the business, and his efficiency attracted attention, and secured promotion until he was appointed to his present responsible position as joint agent of the two roads; in which he gives the fullest satisfaction to the railway officials, and to the patrons of the railways, and commands the respect and esteem of his subordinates. He owns a beautiful residence in Jesup, and has investments in
building and loan associations. On recommendation of the grand jury he was appointed notary public by Gov. A. H. Colquitt immediately after having obtained his majority, an office which he filled with great credit to himself. He is now
chairman pro tern of the commissioners of roads and revenues of Wayne county. He is an active and prominent member of the Knights of Pythias and Mrs. Rumph is a pious and ardent member of the Methodist church.

I G. TUTEX, M. D., Jesup, Ga., son of John A. and Susan C. (Dowling) Tuten,
" was born in Beaufort district (now Hampton county), S. C, Feb. 15, 1870. His grandparents were Green and Mary Tuten, old citizens of Beaufort district, and his father was a highly respected and well-to-do farmer and stock-raiser. Dr. Tuten received some education in the public schools of Hampton county, and at the early age of sixteen with no other equipment, without a cent, began to hew
out for himself fame and a fortune. A few years later he attended course lectures in the medical department of the university of Georgia, and graduated March 3, 1890. He located at Robertsville, S. C., where he remained until August, 1890, and then removed to Jcsup, where he has been phenomenally successful profes sionally and financially. In November, 1892, he purchased a one-fourth interest in the drug business of H. W. Whaley & Co. Dec. 10, 1891, Dr. Tuten married Minnie Lee Walters, born in Macon county, Ga., daughter of Charles W. Walters, farmer and carriage manufacturer. Beginning his business life at sixteen, without money, moneyed friends or influence, his only equipment a meager education, unbending integrity, an honorable ambition, and a will to dare and to do, he has established an excellent reputation in his profession, built up a large and remunera tive practice, and is rapidly adding to an already handsome property. He is recognized not only as an able and skillful physician, but also as an exceedingly
able business man. Dr. Tuten is a master Mason and a Knight of Pythias, and has served his lodge one term as prelate. He is a Missionary Baptist, and Mrs.
Tuten is a Methodist.

U W. WHALEY, merchant and banker, Jesup, Ga., son of W. H. and Elizabeth
(Burroughs) Whaley, was born in England, Feb. 8, 1848. When he was about one year old his parents came to this country and settled in Philadelphia, Penn. Four years afterward his father removed to Nansemond county, Va., thence to Xew Market, where he remained one year. From there, about 1858, the family removed to Jacksonville, Fla., and later to Jefferson county, same
state. In 1865, when Mr. Whaley was a youth of seventeen, Mr. Whaley's father came to Jesup, which has since been his home. The latter took considerable interest in military affairs and was captain of the Wayne county rifles. Mr. H. W.

WEBSTER COUNTY SKETCHES.

1017

Whaley was married in 1874 to Georgia Lee, whose father was captain of a company raised in Appling county, and was killed in the battle of Seven Pines in
Virginia. Capt. Lee was highly esteemed by all who knew him, and was noted for the bravery and chivalry characteristic of the family whose illustrious name he bore. Maude Lee, a charming young lady, is the only child Mr. and Mrs. Whaley have had. Mr. Whaley began life as a poor man, and the large property he now
has is the result of energy, industry and enterprise, guided by an almost unerring business sagacity. He began as a small merchant, and his business and profits increased as he enlarged and extended his financial operations, including in them saw-milling and the turpentine business, and finally, banking. In 1892 he organ ized the Merchants and Farmers' Savings bank, of which he is die principal stockholder, and of which he is the master spirit and president Though a good all-round business man, his predominant characteristic is that of financier. Mr. Whaley is an active democrat, and in 1884 was elected to the legislature, and served one term. He was a member of the finance committee and two other important committees. He is a royal arch Mason, a member of the I. O. O. F.,
and a Knight of Pythias, and has filled all the offices of the two last-named fratern ities. He is first lieutenant of the Wayne county cavalry company.

WEBSTER COUNTY.
D F. BARGE, merchant-farmer, Weston, Webster Co., Ga., son of B. F. and Nancy (Barnes) Barge, was born in Stewart county, March 16, 1845. U's
father was born in North Carolina and came to Georgia when about twelve years old, 1828, and made his home with an uncle in Washington county. He was a soldier in the Creek Indian war in 1836, entering upon his duties as a lieutenant and commissioned afterward as a captain. He married Miss Barnes in 1838 and settled in Washington county; but in 1842 he moved to Stewart county, which was his home until he died in 1872. He was a democrat and held the office of justice of the peace. His wido<v died in 1894, aged eighty-two years. Both of them were exemplary members of the Methodist church. They were the parents of six children;"those living are: B. F., the subject of this sketch, and J. W., now in Stewart county. Those deceased are: Rebecca, wife of Adams; Elizabeth, wife of Ammons; Joseph A., died at Greensboro, N. C, during the war, and an infant. Mr. Barge was raised in Stewart county, and educated at the common county schools. In 1863 he enlisted in Company A, Fifty-fifth Georgia regiment, with which he went through the war. On his return home he engaged in farming in earnest. In 1882 he moved from Stewart to Webster county, where he has enjoyed uninterrupted and exceptional prosperity. Besides having one of the largest and best farms in the county he has a mill" near Weston. In 1894 he embarked in general merchandising in Weston, and in connection with it conducts a large cotton warehouse business. He is one of the foremost business men of the county, and is developing unusual business capacity and financial ability. He is publicspirited, progressive in all things; and while on the alert to advance the material interests of the community, is particularly active in educational and religious matters. Mr. Barge was married Nov. 19, 1875, to M'55 Mary Emma, born in Chattahoochee county, daughter of William N. King, formerly of Chattahoochee

IOl8

MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

county, by whom he has had two children: Willie, now attending Wesleyan
Female college, Macon, Ga., and Mary Frank, attending the high school at Weston. Himself and all his family are active members of the Methodist church.

JOHX P. BEATTY, fanner, Preston, Webster Co., Ga., son of Robert and

Sarah (Peel) Beatty, was born in Jefferson county, Ga., Aug. 18, 1825. His

paternal grandparents, Henry and Margaret (Culbirth) Beatty, were natives of

Ireland, who emigrated to this country just after the revolutionary war and set

tled in Jefferson county, Ga., where he followed farming. About 1830 he moved

to Houston county, Ga., whence, subsequently, he moved to Stewart (now Web

ster) county, where he made his home with his son until he died at a very

advanced age, about 1850. His wife had died many years previously. Both of

them were exemplary members of the Presbyterian church. They were the

parents of seven children, all deceased: James (born in Ireland); John; Robert;

Hugh; Henry; Xancy (married Henry Young); Mary (married Thomas Young).

Mr. Beatty's father was born in Jefferson county in 1793, where he received his

education and grew to manhood and married; a happy incident of his marriage

being that his family and that of his wife were neighbors and friends in Ireland;

her parents, John and (Gamble) Peel, having emigrated from Ireland just before

the revolutionary war. In 1828 he removed to Houston county, whence, after

remaining eight years, he moved to Stewart county, where he lived until Sept. 11,

1877, dying at the age of eighty-four. His wife died Dec. 24, 1876, aged eighty-

three. Mr. Beatty was an "old-line whig. Of seven children born to Mr, Beatty's

parents two died in infancy, the others were: Margaret C, deceased wife of A. P.

{

Lowry, Texas; Sarah J., wife of J. H. Stapleton, Cordele, Ga.; John P., the

i

subject of this sketch; Nancy, wife of James F. Stapleton, Webster county; Eliza

j

D., married Robert Lowry, Texas, both dead. Mr. Beatty was about twelve years

j

old when his father moved from Houston county to near the place where he now

I

lives--receiving the principal part of his education in Houston county. He grew

j

to manhood on the farm and for many years superintended his father's farming

i

interests. In 1856 he was elected sheriff of Webster county--being the second

i

person who held the office. In 1861 he represented Webster county in the general

assembly, and since the war he represented the county twice in the same body.

!

In 1863 he enlisted in Company F, Forty-sixth Georgia regiment, and was at



once commissioned as its captain, and gallantly dischaiged the duties incum-

|

bent on him until the surrender. In 1887 Capt. Beatty moved to Preston, and

[j

for about six years acted as railway agent. He has been treasurer of the county

ii

four years, and has recently been re-elected for a third term. He is a hale and

I,

hearty gentleman for his age, and no citizen of the county commands more pro-

I'

found and general respect. Mr. Beatty was married Jan. 13, 1853, to Miss Eliza

!

R. Prim, who was born in what is now Webster county. Eleven children blessed

1'

this union, of whom eight survive: Martha A., wife of John B. Nicholson, Web-

i;[

ster county; Robert A.; John T.; Albert S. J.; Mary E., wife of Harper Smith,

Sumter county; Gussie Lou, wife of T. C. Edwards, Lee county; Susie P., wife of

G. A. Drew, Marion county; and Katie H. The mother of these, an exem

plary member of the Baptist church, died Aug. 10, 1882, aged forty-eight years

and eleven months. Oct. 25, 1883, he contracted a second marriage with Mrs.

Frances C. Bell, of Webster county. Capt. Beatty is a master Mason, and himself

and wife are consistent members of the Baptist church.

J T. DISMUKES, physician and surgeon, Weston, Webster Co., Ga., son of William H. and Man,- (Cook) Dismukes, .was born in Lee county, Ga., in
1831. His father was born in 1799 in Hancock county, Ga., where he was reared

WEBSTER COUNTY SKETCHES.

1019

and educated. After his marriage he lived two years in Clarke county, Ga., whence he moved to Jasper county, Ga., and, later, to Lee (now Webster) county, where he lived until he died, in 1879, aged eighty years. He was one of the first settlers in the locality--the nearest mill being at Fort Gains, Ga., and the nearest cotton market, Macon. He was a soldier in the Creek Indian war of 1836; and a justice of the inferior court when his farm was included in Stewart county; and was a member of the general assembly four years. He was a democrat and always took an active part in politics. During the war between the states he was very anxious to enter the army, but on account of his age was not allowed to do so. His mother was a daughter of Zadoc Cook of Clarke county, one of the most remarkable men of his time. Mr. Cook was thirty-one years of age before he entered school, which he did with his eldest daughter, Mary. He was a soldier in the last war with Great Britain, in which he was severely wounded in a battle near Savannah, and left on the field for dead. But he retained conscious ness, and by superhuman effort managed to crawl to a neighboring house, where he received needed attention. For twenty-four years lie was a member of the general assembly, and was a member of congress--1817-1819. His memory was so retentive that he could repeat verbatim the resolutions offered and the speeches delivered by his legislative associates. He lived to be about one hundred years old, and retained his very remarkable memory to the last The late Gen. Phil. Cook was a near relative. Twelve children blessed this union: Martha, wife of Sam Williford; Missouri, wife of John Robeson; Mary Jane, widow of Augustus Parrott, killed during the war; J. T., the subject of this sketch; C. W.; C. Z. M., who was a soldier in the war with Mexico (deceased); W. H., who served during the late civil war (deceased); Caroline T., deceased wife of B, Griffin, Mississippi. Four died in infancy. Dr. Dismukes was raised on a farm near his present resi dence, and was educated at the common schools of the county. Having studied medicine under the preceptorship of Dr. Clem E. Cheatham of Dawson he entered the medical college of Georgia, Augusta, from which he graduated-- Dr. H. V. M. Miller, now of Atlanta, being then a member of the faculty. After graduating he located in that part of Lee now included in Terrell county, near the present site of Dawson. He practiced there two years and then moved to his present location then known as "Hardmoney," now Weston. Early in the war between the states he enlisted as a private in Company K, Seventeenth Georgia regiment, but soon afterward was commissioned as assistant surgeon, in which capacity he served until the surrender. He was present at the seven days' fight around Richmond, Second Manassas, Sharpsburg, Gettysburg, Chickamauga, and the siege of Petersburg. On his return home after the war he resumed the practice of his profession, in which he has been successful--his patronage extend ing for miles around, even into adjoining counties. Dr. Dismukes was married in 1868 to Miss Nancy J.--born and reared in Talbot county, Ga.--daughter of Joseph and Mary (Drennin) McCall. Her father was killed in the battle at Kennesaw Mountain, and her mother is a member of Dr. Dismuke's family. To Dr. and Mrs. Dismukes nine children have been born: Alice, wife of John Sims; William J., merchant, Weston; Forrest S., Coffee county; twin sister of Forrest, died in infancy; Robert Toombs; H. M.; Charles D.; Z. C.; and M. G.--these last five at home. Dr. Dismukes is a democrat, and himself and wife are members of the Methodist church, of which he is a trustee.

I02O

MEMOIBS OF GEORGIA.

of North Carolina, whence they came before marriage to Georgia, and settled on land afterward included in Stewart county--among the earliest settlers in that
part of the state. They reared a large family, were members of the Primitive Baptist church, and lived to be quite old. His grandfather, Thomas Dixon, the eldest son of the above, was born in what is now Stewart county in 1792. He moved to Alabama in 1857, where he died in 1872. He was a soldier in the war with Mexico. He was a democrat in politics, and a member of the Primitive Baptist church. His children were R. M.; Thomas; Lizzie, married a Mr. Pinkston; Mattie, married a Mr. Bass; Harriet, married a Mr. Clemmons,-who died, and she then married D. G. Rodgers; Alice, married a Mr. Sasser; and Shade F., San Antonio, Texas, the youngest and only survivor. Mr. Dixon's
father, the oldest child, was born in what is now Stewart county in 1825, where he grew to manhood, and was educated. In 1846 he married his wife--born in 1826 in Houston county--daughter of Nelson Clemmons. Mr. Clemmons was
born in Georgia and moved his family to what is now Stewart county, in 1829, and settled near Richland, where he raised his family, all of whom are now dead except Mrs. Dr. Z. F. Coffin, Stewart county. Mr. Dixon's parents settled near Richland--then known as "Box Aucle," where they lived until 1860, when they moved to D. G. Rodgers' place near Preston, Ga. In 1862 he enlisted in Com pany F, Forty-sixth Georgia regiment, and was made second lieutenant of his company. He was taken sick with pneumonia and died in September, 1863; and his widow died in 1869. He was an uncompromising and active democrat, and himself and wife were members of the Primitive Baptist church. They were the parents of six children: J. J., the subject of this sketch; W. N., died in Texas; Georgia Ann, married J. J. Nicholson, and moved to Florida, where he died; she is now living near Geneva in that state; Robert T. (see sketch in these Memoirs); Marshall, killed by a fall from a cotton screw in 1894; Thomas, died in infancy. Mr. Dixon attained to manhood on the old home place, which he now owns, and was educated in the near by country schools. When sixteen years of age he enlisted in Company B, Second Georgia regiment, served in Georgia, Alabama, and South Carolina, and participated in the battles of Chickamauga, Powder Springs, Jonesboro and the defense of Atlanta, and was at Columbus, Ga. He was wounded at the battle of Jonesboro and sent to the hospital at Barnesville, Ga., and was soon afterward furloughed and came home. As soon as he was sufficiently recovered he rejoined his company at Gadsden, Ala. He was twice captured--first at Jonesboro, and next at Columbus, but on each occasion very soon made his escape. At the time of the surrender he was at Milledgeville, Ga. Returning home he engaged in farming, to which he has devoted his entire time and attention, and is one of the largest farmers, as well as one of the richest men in Webster county, where he wields a wide and strong salutary influence. Mr. Dixon was married December, 1868, to Miss Lydia Alborn, born in March, 1851, in sight of her present home, daughter of Josiah H. Carter, who was born in Bibb county, Ga., and who came to Stewart and settled in what is now Webster county, and participated in a battle near his place in the Creek Indian war. Mr. and Mrs. Carter had nine children: Catharine, deceased wife of David Warren; Biddie, wife of Washington Warren, near Richland; George N., physician, killed at Chancellorsville, May 3, 1863; Martha, widow of E. Nowell, lives at the old homestead: J. W., physician (deceased); Lydia A., wife of the subject of this sketch, and three who died in infancy. Mr. Carter died in 1880, aged seventyeight years, and his wife died in September, 1879, aged sixty-four years, both of them members of the Primitive Baptist church. To Mr. and Mrs. Dixon two children have been born: Robert J., bookkeeper^for T. F. Carter, Richland, Ga.;

WEBSTER COUNTY SKETCHES.

IO2I

and Cora, wife of Curtis Whaley, Parrott, Terrell Co., Ga. Mr. Dixon is a very strong democrat, and takes great interest in politics though no office-seeker; and Mrs. Dixon is a prominent member of the Missionary Baptist church.

DOBERT T. DIXON, farmer, Webster county (P. O., Richland, Stewart Co.), Ga., son of R. M. and E. C. (Clemmons) Dixon, was born in Webster county
in 1856. He was raised on the old homestead and was educated at the common schools of the county. He began life with very little, but by hard and continuous work on his farm, economy and a judicious investment of his incomes, he has accumulated a quite large estate. His home is between two and three miles from Richland, where he owns a large and valuable iract of land under excellent culti vation. He attends strictly and assiduously to his farming interests, on which he principally relies, and looks carefully after his other investments, and is one of the rising men of the county. Mr. Dixon was married in 1878 to Miss M. Nicholson, daughter of N. N. Nicholson, a well-to-do farmer of Chattahoochee county. She died soon afterward childless, and subsequently he married Katie Snelling, daughter of John Snelling, who was one of the earliest settlers of Stewart county. His father, Richard Snelling, was the first settler at Richland, as well as one of the first of Stewart county. Of the family of John Snelling three only are living: Katie (Mrs. Dixon), Warren, and Mrs. Fannie Williams, of Richland. Mrs. Dixon was educated at Weston and is the mother of three children: Elma, William Car ver and Henry M. He is a stanch democrat and a master Mason, and Mrs. Dixon is a devoted member of the Baptist church.

WILLIAM G. IVEY, farmer, Weston, Webster Co., Ga., son of E. and Arenia (Bridges) Ivey, was born in what is now Terrell county, Ga., in 1840. His
grandfather, Madison Ivey, was born in North Carolina, but lived and died in" this state. Mr. Ivey's father was one of four children, and was born in North Carolina. He left that state and came to Georgia before he reached manhood and settled in Stewart county. He engaged first as an overseer, which he fol lowed a number of years, and then he bought a small tract of land to which he gradually added as he made money. Mr. Ivey grew to manhood on his father's farm and attended the near-by country schools. In 1861 he enlisted in Company E (Capt. L. R. Reddings), Thirty-first Georgia regiment, and for a brief period was stationed at Savannah. He was next ordered to the front, and his command became a part of Stonewall Jackson's "foot cavalry." He participated in the seven days' fight around Richmond, in which he received a bullet wound which compelled him to return home, where he remained eleven months. On his re covery he returned to his command, and was with the forces near and around Richmond and Petersburg until the end of the war. Returning home, he turned his attention exclusively to farming, at which he made money. He owns a very excellent small farm about eight miles from Weston which he rents and himself cultivates a fine forty-acre farm in the vicinity of Weston which he prizes and enjoys as a model home. He is also proprietor of the hotel in Weston. His suc cess demonstrates his practical good judgment and management Mr. Ivey mar ried Mary, daughter of James Harris, of South Carolina, who has borne him eight children: Harris S.,'Walter E., Leila E., Lizzie E., Rena A., William L., Agnes R. and Bertie. He is a strong democrat and himself and wife are members of the Baptist church.

A K. PATTERSON, physician and farmer, Weston, Webster Co., Ga., son of. " D. G. and Barbara (McNair) Patterson, was born in North Carolina, Jan.
29, 1845. His father was. born in North Carolina in 1818, where he was reared

1022

MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

and educated. He married Miss Barbara McNair, who was a native of Scotland, and not long afterward (1850) he migrated to Georgia and settled in Columbus, Ga. From there he moved to Talbot county, Ga., and thence to Sumter county, where he remained until 1878 or 1879, when he went to Atlanta, where he remained until he died, June u, 1883, aged sixty-five years. During the war he served in the capacity of a civil engineer, but most of his life was spent in farming. He was an ardent friend and promoter of education and was particular to give his children the best possible advantages in this direction. Before the war he was an old-line whig. His widow died in December, 1893, aged seventy-three years, and both of them were strict members of the Presbyterian church. They were the parents of eleven children, of whom seven lived to be grown: A. K., the sub ject of this sketch; Mary J., wife of B. F. Carter, North Carolina; Sallie M., wife of \V. K. Turksbury; A. M., died in New York; D. E. is in Texas; W. C.is in Weston. Ga., and G. C. in Terrell county, Ga. Dr. Patterson was reared prin cipally in Georgia and was educated at the common schools of the counties in which his father lived. During the war he enlisted in Company B, One Hundred and Xinth Georgia battalion, and served with it until the close of the war, acting as sergeant. After the war he studied medicine and then attended lectures at the Atlanta Medical college, from which he was graduated in 1869. He imme diately located in Bullock county, Ala., but after practicing there two years came to Webster count}-, which has since been his home, and where he has established a large and profitable practice. He is public-spirited and progressive and takes a
lively interest in every movement calculated to promote the material interests of the community, as well as its educational and religious advancement. He takes a decided interest in politics--not for selfish ends, but to secure incorrupti ble and capable men to fill the offices. In the summer of 1894 he received a severe stroke of paralysis, from which he has partially recovered. Dr. Patterson was married June 30,1872, to Miss Ann Eliza, daughter of Frederick and Frances Bell, of Webster county, who has borne him six children, all living, and at home: Clarence Hugh, Mamie L., A. K., Jr., Barbara Anna, Daniel G. and Casper Wistar. He is a stanch democrat and an ardent member of the masonic fraternity.

FERDINAND C. SAUNDERS, planter, Weston, Webster Co., Ga., son of James M. and Sarah (Sell) Saunders, was born in Warren county, Ga., in
October, 1820. His maternal grandfather, Sell, was born in England, and was a ship-carpenter. He migrated to this county about the beginning of the revolu tionary war and assisted in building a dock for the British government at Sa vannah after they captured the city. Subsequently he revolted and joined the revolutionary army. He died and was buried near Wrightsboro, in Columbia (now McDuffie) county. Mr. Saunders' father was a native of New Jersey, and came with his father to Georgia when the Mississippi river was the western bound
ary of the state. He was married in Warren county in 1816 to Miss Sarah Sell, and lived in that county twenty-two years, when he moved to Stewart (now Web ster) county, and settled within one-half mile of where the subject of this sketch now lives, where he engaged in farming until he died, aged seventy-four years.
Eight children were the fruit of this union: Ferdinand C., the subject of this sketch; Lucius, died of rheumatism during the war; Napoleon, died of pneumonia dur ing the war; Septimus, killed at Kennesaw mountain; Mark, Webster county; Zephaniah, deceased; Emeline, deceased wife of a Mr. Howell; Palmyra, wife of a Mr. Holt, of Texas. Mr. Saunders when sixteen years of age moved with the family to Stewart (now Webster) county, and was educated in the country schools of Warren and Stewart counties, and when he attained to manhood

J

WEBSTER COUNTY SKETCHES.

1023

engaged in planting. In May, 1863, he enlisted in the Fourth Georgia regiment, Fourth brigade, Georgia militia, and continued in the service until the surrender, during which service he received two wounds, one at Atlanta, and another at Doctortown, Wayne Co., Ga. Returning from the war he resumed farming, to which he has almost exclusively devoted his time and attention. He is solid, substantial and entirely reliable, and a model citizen. He has never sought nor held any public office excepting one, that of notary public, being fully content with the labors and pleasures and profits of good farming, and the quietude of domestic life. Mr. Saunders was married in 1843 to Miss Carom, of Randolph county, who died early in 1846 without issue.' Toward the close of the same year he contracted a second marriage with a daughter of William and Tarissa (Gilbert) Brooks, natives of North Carolina, who migrated thence to Georgia and settled in what is now Stewart county. Five of the nine children born to them are now living: Sallie, wife of Robert McCollum, Dawson, Terrell Co., Ga.; Elliott Rufus, at home; Georgia, wife of Wright Tracy, Sumter county; John, Anderson county, Tex.; Napoleon, Hunt county, Tex. Before the war Mr. Saunders was an oldline whig, but since the war he has acted with the democratic party. He is a Universalist in his religious belief, while Mrs. Saunders is a strict member of the Baptist church.
J. SIMS, merchant-planter, Weston, Webster Co., Ga., son of H. H. and Jane (Moore) Sims, was born in Sumter county, Ga., in 1835. His paternal grandfather was George Sims, who early in life migrated to South Carolina, and settled in Lancaster district. Mr. Sims' father grew to manhood on the farm and was educated in that district. He married Miss Mary Croxton. who bore him one child--Malsey--and died. For his second wife he married the mother of the subject of this sketch, and about 1830 or 1831 moved to Georgia and settled in Sumter county. He subsequently moved to Marion county, where he followed farming and died at the age of sixty. His wife died in 1847, before his death. He was a soldier in the Creek Indian war, and later in life took great interest in politics, giving a strong support to the democratic party. He w*s- a member of the masonic fraternity and himself and wife were members of the Baptist church. Seven children were the fruit of his second marriage: Sarah, wife of Uriah Boyett, Sumter county; W. J., the subject of this sketch; John, Sumter county; Martha, wife of James Graham; Senoia, Coweta county, Ga.; Zacharias, Weston; Marion, Americus, Ga.; James, deceased; and George, deceased. Mr. Sims attained to manhood on the farm, soon after which he went to Alabama. When the war between the states began he returned to Georgia, and in 1861 enlisted in a com mand organized by Col. A. S. Cutts, known as Sumter's Flying artillery, C. S. A.
With this command he participated in the seven days' fight around Richmond, second Manassas, Sharpsburg, Gettysburg, Chancellorsville and Spottsylvania court house, besides numerous other less important engagements. The command suffered most in the battles at Dranesville, Va. Although he was in some of the most sanguinary and hotly-contested battles of the war he was so fortunate as to escape unhurt. The command served until April 9, 1865, when it disbanded and nearly all of his company walked home--he walking nearly all the way. He arrived at home May 2, and at once engaged in farming, which he has since followed with most satisfactory results. His farm is one of the largest and best in the vicinity of Weston. He is a fine farmer, and takes great interest superintend ing and improving it, and adding to its conveniences and comforts. He takes no further interest in politics than to support the best men for public office. For the past twelve years he has been interested in a general merchandise store in Weston, and has secured a good and annually increasing trade. Mr. Sims was married in

1024

MEMOIRS OP GEORGIA.

1866 to Miss Melissa McGarrah of Sumter county, daughter of James McGarrah, a native of one of the Carolinas. Mrs. Sims, a devout and exemplary member of
the Baptist church, died June 4, 1895, leaving five children: Oscar, near Weston; George W., merchant, Weston; Emily, wife of James E. Dennard, Webster county; Florence and Lizzie, these two last at home.

H. SPANN, planter, Weston, Webster Co., Ga., son of William F. and Lucy (Spears) Spann, was born in Webster county, Jan. 30, 1859.
His paternal grandparents, Henry William and Sophia (Clark) Spann, were natives of Jefferson county, Ga., whence, about 1837, they moved to Lee (now Webster) county, and settled within four miles of where the subject of this sketch
now lives. Politically he was a stanch old-line whig, and died during the late war, aged about fifty years. His widow survived him many years--was seventyfive years old when she died--a long-standing exemplary member of the Mission ary Baptist church. They were the parents of the following children: William
F., Webster county; George G., Texas; James, near Eufaula, Ala.; P. H., Preston, Ga.; Carrie, wife of J. R. Stapleton, merchant, Preston; Mary, wife of J. H. Smith, Terrell county; Laura, wife of Tyra Timmerman, Terrell county; Susan,
deceased wife of G. W. Cole; J. G., deceased; Sophia, deceased wife of T. J.
Stapleton; Mrs. J. N. Bowen, deceased; and two who died in childhood. Mr. Spann's father was born in Jefferson county, and was about ten years old when
his father moved to Lee (now Webster) county, where he was raised on the plantation and educated at the near by country schools. About the beginning of the war between the states he moved to Alabama, and soon afterward enlisted in the Twenty-seventh Alabama regiment, and continued in the service until the
surrender. In 1869 he returned to Webster county, where he is still living, engaged in farming. While he is an ardent partisan, he takes little interest in practical politics further than to exercise the right of suffrage. Mrs. Spann is an
active member of the Missionary Baptist church. Ten children have blessed this union: Sophia, wife of D. M. Nicholson, at home; William H., the subject of this sketch; Naomi Jbsephine, at home; Mary Eliza, wife of J. B. Clark; Susan Idella, wife of H. S- Fletcher; J. G., near Preston; G. L., at home; Nancy Ella, at home; Sarah, deceased; and an infant, which died unnamed. Mr. Spann was reared in Webster count}-, and received a very good education at the common schools of the county. In 1881 he began farming on his own account, and in 1886 moved
to and settled where he now lives. He now owns 1,000 acres of good land, the result of his own labor and good management, and is one of the largest, as well as one of the best farmers in the county ; has a great number of head of live stock, a gin of large capacity, and a saw-mill. He is very active in politics, but has never sought an office and would not accept one if tendered him. Mr. Spann was married in 1881 to Miss Theodosia, daughter of Archibald Nicholson of Webster county, who has borne him two children : Lizzie May and Ernest Linwood. Mr.
Spann is an uncompromising democrat

1AMES R. STAPLETON, merchant-farmer, Preston, Webster Co., Ga., was born in Stewart (now Webster) county, June 27, 1848. His paternal grand
father, Thomas Stapleton, moved from Jefferson to Randolph county, Ga., about 1833, and was killed by the Indians in 1836, during the Creek Indian war. Mr. Stapleton's father was born in Jefferson county, Ga., March 24, 1815. He was reared and educated in that county, and was about eighteen years of age when his father moved to Randolph county, and lived with him until he married. He was a soldier in the Creek Indian war, and at its close devoted himself to farming as a life-pursuit. Some years afterward- he moved to what afterward became

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Webster county, of which he was the second treasurer, an office which he held until removed by the Bulloch administration. He was married in 1842 to Miss Martha Peel, born in Jefferson, then of Stewart county, and to them eight children were born, of whom five are living: Thomas J., fanner, Bronwood; George, merchant, Americus; James R., the subject of this sketch; Nancy Eliza beth, deceased; Henry C., deceased; Lawson, traveling salesman; Francis Bartow, deceased; and Sarah E., wife of W. H. Clark, Preston. They are living near Preston now. He is a master Mason, and himself and wife are members of the Missionary Baptist church. Mr. Stapleton attained to manhood in Webster county, in which and Troup county he was educated. In 1864 he enlisted in the state militia, in which he served until the surrender. He then returned home and engaged with his father in farming. In 1872 he commenced teaching, which he followed two years, and then commenced merchandising in connection with farming. His farming interests are extensive and his firm, Stapleton, Nicholson & Co., does the largest business in Preston, of which he is general manager and secretary and treasurer; and he holds very considerable property in Preston. For eight years consecutively he was school commissioner. While a stanch democrat, very popular and a very active partisan, he seeks no office. Mr. Stapleton was married in 1878 to Mrs. Carrie Bush, widow of James M. Bush. Of five children which blessed this union, three are living: Annie Laurie, Carrie Sue and Jennie Florence. He is a master Mason.

T J. THARP. Oftentimes extraordinary individual characteristics and intellect" uality are found in the walks of life where they are not looked for. But they
are none the less deserving conspicuous position in Memoirs such as are presented in these volumes; and, besides, they afford examples worthy of emulation. Such characteristics and example are presented in the following sketch of a member of the Tharp family. T. J. Tharp, county ordinary, Preston, Webster Co., Ga., son of David and Elizabeth Ann (Jefferson) Tharp, was born in Louisiana, Oct. 24, 1850. His paternal grandfather, C. A. Tharp, was born in 1790, and raised at a place known as "Stone creek" settlement in what is now Twiggs county, twelve miles southwest of Macon, Ga. His character and life were remarkable; he was a typical self-made man. Farming was his life-occupation; he devoted himself to it, and lived in Twiggs county until he died. When twenty-seven years of age he was ordained a minister of the Missionary Baptist church, and continued in active service until about two years before he died--a period of nearly fifty years. During this period he served four churches, for which he would never receive a cent of compensation; one of his congregations, however, presented him with a copy of Commentaries on the Bible. During his ministry he was moderator of Ebenezer Baptist association twenty-one years. He was an ardent secessionist, and when Capt. Folsom presented the flag to the first company that went from Twiggs county he made a very eloquent and soul-stirring address. He offered his sons the choice of going to school or going to work--and he saw that no time was lost in carrying out their choice. He was a large and successful planter, owned r,6oo acres of land, and freed fifty slaves. Yet this man received but two weeks' schooling, lived all his life in Twiggs county, exercised a wide influence, and was a student to the day of his death. He gave a good education to all his children that lived to be old enough to receive it. He died in 1867, aged seventy-seven years, and his widow died in 1870, aged about seventy years. They were the parents of sixteen children (two of whom were ministers), four of whom are living: Simeon, Baptist minister, Twiggs county; Martha, wife of T. H. Jones, Twiggs county; Emma, .wife of E. A. Nash, Twiggs county, and
n-es

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a daughter, wife of Seaborn Passmore, Texas. Mr. Tharp's father, David, was born in 1816 in Twiggs county, where he was reared and educated. When twen ty-two years of age he went to Louisiana on a visit to relatives, and while there met and married Miss Elizabeth Ann Jefferson. He remained there, engaged in planting until he died in 1857, aged forty-one years. To this union three children were born, of which two survive: T. J., the subject of this sketch, and Elizabeth Ann, wife of James Torbert, Sumter county. His widow died in 1858, aged about thirty-five years. Mr. Tharp came to Georgia with his sister in 1860 to live with an uncle who had no children. He was educated and grew to man hood in Twiggs county. In 1883 he went to Cuthbert, Ga., where he engaged in the sewing machine business. From there he went to Alabama, where he lived two years, and then returned to Georgia and located in Sumter county in 1885. He remained there one year and then moved to Webster county and engaged in merchandising. In 1892 he was elected ordinary for four years, and is discharging its duties with the promptitude and faithfulness characteristic of the family. Mr. Tharp was married in 1883 to Miss M. C. Cobb, a native of Ala bama, by whom he has had five children, of whom four are living: Minnie C., V. T., C. T. and David C. Mr. Tharp is a prominent and influential citizen.

JAMES P. WALKER, farmer, Weston, Webster Co., Ga., son of N. F. and Susan M. (Palmer) Walker, was born in Upson county, Ga., in 1836. His
paternal grandfather was James Walker, a native of North Carolina, of Welsh descent. He was a soldier in the patriot army during the revolutionary war, and
commanded a brigade at the battle of Cowpens, S. C. Soon after the war he married Charity Smith, a native of South Carolina, came to Georgia and settled in Washington count)-, whence he moved to Putnam, and afterward to Upson county, Ga., where he died in 1848, aged ninety-six years, and was buried at Hootensville with military honors. He followed farming all his life, was highly respected, honored, and himself and wife were exemplary members of the Primitive Bap tist church. They reared eight children: William W., accidentally killed himself in a deer hunt; X. F., father of the subject of this sketch; Benjamin, deceased; Alien Me., deceased; Mary, deceased wife of Elisha Perryman; Lucretia, deceased wife of Martin Stampes; Sarah, deceased wife of Daniel Grant, and Amanda, de ceased wife of Enoch Womble. Mr. Walker's father was born in Washington and reared principally in Putnam county. In 1823 he went with his parents to what is now Upson county. He was a pupil of the Hon. William H. Sevvard, after ward United States secretary of state under President Lincoln, who taught school in Georgia. He married in Upson county; his wife, however, was born in Han cock county, Ga., and was reared by Dr. David Kendall, her mother dying when she was quite young. She died a devoted member of the Methodist church, in Upson county, in January, 1859. He moved to Crawford county in 1874, where he subsequently died, aged ninety-three years. He was a soldier in the last war with Great Britain, was very charitably disposed and highly esteemed and popular. Politically he was an "old-line whig" and voted in 1860 for Bell and Everett. Eight children blessed their union, four living: James P., the subject of this sketch; B. F., in Crawford county; D. K., in Upson county; M. B., Craw-
ford county. Those dead are: W. A., who was a practicing attorney at the time of his death; X. M., and one that died in infancy unnamed. Mr. Walker was reared in Upson county, where he received his primary education. His pre paratory education he received at Collingsworth, Talbot Co., then under the principalship of Mr. McQueen, an accomplished educator, and then he entered Emory college, Oxford, Ga., from which he was-graduated in 1858. Returning

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he read medicine and then attended a course of lectures at the Medical college of Georgia, Augusta, and afterward attended lectures at and was graduated from Jefferson Medical college, Philadelphia. Subsequently he read law and was admitted to the bar. He enlisted as a member of the Upson guards, which was attached to the Fifth Georgia regiment, and went to Pensacola, Fla. Soon after he was assigned to the quartermaster's department and was the ranking and commanding officer of Upson county just before the conscript act was passed. During his service--ranking as a lieutenant--he participated in the seven days' fight around Richmond, Games' Mill and Second Manassas, where he was wound ed by the concussion of a shell, which incapacitated him for field service. He returned home and was assigned to duty in the quartermaster's department, where he remained until the war closed. After the surrender he settled in Webster county, which has since been his home, and where he has made farming his life occupation. He has been very prosperous and is a leading and very influential citizen--his literary culture and attainments not being surpassed in the county. In 1882-83 and again in 1890-91 he represented the Twelfth senatorial district in the general assembly and served on some of the most important committees. Besides some minor county offices he has held the chairmanship of the board of education for twelve years and is serving as a trustee of the lunatic asylum under appointment by Gov. W. J. Northen. Mr. Walker was married in 1859 to Mary E., daughter of Rev. J. G. M. Ball, at the time clerk of the Superior court of Webster county. To them twelve children have been born: W. F., physician, Columbus, Ga.; Sallie P., at home; Chattie L., Laura Augusta and Milton A. are still living. An interesting member of his family is Miss Blanche Harwood, a niece. Mr. Walker is a democrat and Knight Templar Mason and has been a member of the finance committee of the grand lodge of Georgia a number of years. Mrs. Walker
and family are prominent and active members of the Methodist church.

J FLETCHER WRIGHT, planter, Gooseberry, Webster Co., Ga., son of Jacob
and Nancy (Howell) Wright, was born in Edgefield district, S. C., May 23, 1842. His paternal grandfather, James Wright, was a native of Ireland, who, on his emigration to this country settled in South Carolina. Mr. Wright's father was born in Edgefield district, in that state, and lived there until he died in 1863. His mother was a daughter of Joseph Howell. Mr. Wright grew to manhood and was educated in Edgefield district, and in 1862 enlisted in Company A, Twen ty-second South Carolina regiment, and remained with it until the surrender. He
bore a part in the battles of Secessionville and Kingston, after which the command was ordered to Virginia, went with the army into Maryland, and then participated in the battles at Petersburg. At this battle he was shot in the head by a negro soldier and for eight months lingered from the effects of the wound--during eight weeks of which he was blind and paralyzed. After the war he returned to South Carolina, where he remained until 1867, when he came to Georgia and settled in Webster county. He is a good and prosperous farmer, a genial gen tleman, and very much liked. His home is a beautiful one, situated about four miles from Weston. Mr. Wright was married in 1869 to Miss Carrie, daughter of John Jennings, formerly of Edgefield district, S. C., by whom he has had one child--Lovena, wife of W. M. Dunn. Mr. Wright is a very ardent democrat, but never sought or held office. He is also a member of the masonic fraternity, and himself and wife are members of the Missionary Baptist church.

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MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

WHITE COUNTY.
JOHN RANDOLPH GLEN, editor and publisher, Cleveland, White Co., Ga., son of James and Susan (Littlejohn) Glen, was born in Nacoochee Valley,
White Co., Dec. 10, 1866. His paternal grandfather, John Glen, was a native of Lochwinnoch, Scotland, a skilled mechanic, who emigrated to this country about 1820, and settled in Orange county, N. Y., where he married Miss Eliza Baldwin. He afterward came to Georgia and settled in Athens, Clarke Co., where he was engaged in building and outfitting the old Athens (first) cotton factory. Subse quently he moved to Nachoochee Valley, where he died in 1880, aged eighty-six years. His wife died there in 1871. Mr. Glen's father was born in Glen county; his mother was a daughter of Abraham Littlejohn of North Carolina; and both are now living in Nachoochee Valley. To them six children have been born, all of whom survive: Mamie; Annie; Jessie, wife of Oscar Kenimer; Lizzie; James L.; and John R., the subject of this sketch. Mr. Glen was reared and educated in White county, and from 1882 to 1886 engaged in teaching school; the next year he went to Fort Wayne, Tex., and engaged in merchandising two years. From there he went to the mining districts of Montana, and for awhile engaged in mining. Later he embarked in commercial enterprises at Pecos City, El Paso and Corpus Christi, Tex. In 1891 he returned to his home in White county, and after a brief service as editor of the "Clarkesville Advertiser" he bought the ''Cleveland Progress," of which he has since been proprietor and editor. It is the organ of the county and of the democratic party, ranks high among the weekly papers of Georgia, has a large and excellent patronage; and while it has been a great financial success, has attained to marked influence in northeast Georgia. In addition to his newspaper he has a fine job printing outfit, from which he turns out excellent work. In 1893 Mr. Glen's services to his party were recognized and rewarded by his appointment as postmaster at Cleveland.
JOHN J. KIMSEY, lawyer, Cleveland, White Co., Ga., son of Thomas M. and Emeline (Stover) Kimsey, was born in Cherokee county, May 23, 1849. His
paternal great-grandfather, Benjamin Kimsey, was a native of Ireland, emigrated to this country before the revolutionary war, and settled in North Carolina. His grandfather, also named Benjamin, was born in Buncombe county, N. C, where he lived and farmed until he died. Mr. Kimsey's father was born in Buncombe count}-, N. C., in" 1802, where he was raised. Early in life, he, with his brother William, came to Georgia and settled in Habersham (now White) county, and engaged in farming and stock-raising. For forty years of his life he was a minister of the Baptist church, and preached in the border counties of Georgia and North Carolina, by whose people he was very highly esteemed. He died May I, 1864. His wife was a native of Habersham county and by her he had nine children: Sarah, wife of G. M. Dodd; Rebecca, wife of Hon. W. A. Reeves, White co-inty; Adeline, wife of W. G. Blackwell; James P.; John J., the subject of this sketch; Georgia, wife of T. A. Christy; Singleton M.; Henry D., and Louisa. Mr. Kimsey was about a year old when his father settled in what is now White county, in which he was raised and educated. Deciding to adopt the legal profession he commenced the study of law under Hon. M. G. Boyd, then of Cleveland, now of Dahlonega, Ga., and at the March term of Hall superior court, 1873, Judge George D. Rice, presiding, he was admitted to the bar. He" located at once in Hiawassee,

WHITE COUNTY SKETCHES.

IO29

Towns Co., but in 1874 he moved to Cleveland, where he has since lived and practiced law. He has risen rapidly in his profession, won an enviable reputa tion, and the confidence of a large and influential clientage. He is regarded as one of the soundest lawyers in the circuit, is a safe counselor and an able advocate, and does a large general practice in the northeastern circuit. He has managed important cases successfully before the supreme court of Georgia, and had much to do with establishing judicial precedents in that tribunal. In 1877--at the age of twenty-eight--he was elected to represent White county in the general assembly, and was re-elected in 1880 and 1882, serving three terms. Among other com mittees he was placed on that on judiciary, one of the most important, where liis legal acquirements made him a potential power in shaping its recommendations for legislative action. His influence and usefulness as a wise legislator, and in behalf of the interests of his constituents cannot be overestimated. Oct 29, 1894, he was elected by the general assembly judge of the superiof court of the north eastern judicial circuit for the term of four years. Mr. Kimsey was married Dec. 23, 1876, to Miss Lou E., daughter of Hon. C. P. Craig of White county, and formerly a member of the general assembly. Three children have blessed this union: Minnie, Bertha and Bonnie. Early in 1886 Mrs. Kimsey died, and in the latter part of the same year he married Miss Nora, daughter of M. R. T. Kenimer of Cleveland, and of the children born to them two--Fannie and Clifton Clay--are living. Being comparatively young, and of commanding ability, few men have before them brighter prospects for professional distinction and political prefer ment.
("1EORGE SCOTT KYTLE, lawyer and county school commissioner, Cleve land, White Co., Ga., son of Calvin H. and Caroline H. (Dean) Kytle, was
born in White county, July 7, 1870. On his father's side his family is of German ancestry, his great-grandfather, Zachariah Kytle, having been born in Germany, and emigrated to this country and settled in South Carolina before the revolu tionary war, during which he was a soldier in the patriot army. His paternal grandfather, Zachariah Kytle, was born in Spartanburg, S. C, where he grew to manhood and married, and aftenvard migrated to Georgia and settled in Habersham county, where he died in 1868. He was a farmer and raised a family of ten children. Mr. Kytle's father was born in Habersham county, Dec. 3, 1830, and received such education as could be obtained at the country schools in that locality and period. After completing his own education he taught school eleven years in all, in Habersham and White counties before and after the war. In 1862 he enlisted in the Third Georgia cavalry, which formed a part of Gen. Wheeler's command, served during the war and actively participated in the fatiguing inarches and bloody skirmishes and battles which made that command so famous for daring and bravery. Since the war he has been elected to many offices of honor and responsibility, all of which he has filled acceptably, serving the best in terests of the people. In 1868 he was elected to represent White county in the general assembly. In 1876 he was elected a member of the county board of educa tion, and was re-elected for twelve years consecutively, rendering efficient and val uable service. Recognizing his ability and appreciating what he had done, the people, in 1888, elected him county commissioner, and when his term expired reelected him. He resigned, however, in 1893, when he was succeeded by his son. He is justly regarded as one of White county's most useful citizens, and is held in very high estimation. In 1865 he was married to Miss Caroline H., daughter of Wiley Dean, born in Habersham, and now a citizen of White county. Mr. Dean married Miss Anna Wiley, by whom he had nine children, and died while in the army during the late war! His wife was born in 1832 and died in 1876. To Mr.

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MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

Kytle's parents thirteen children have been born, all of whom survive: John Wiley; George Scott, the subject of this sketch; Martha E., wife of John M. Haynes; Mary J-, wife of Albert H. Henderspn; Emma J.; Henry M.; Robert Lee; Alexander Stephens; Anna; Beulah; Birdie May; Jura and Frances. Mr. Kyfle received his primary education in the common schools of the county, and then attended the Hiawassee (Towns county) high school. Then, September, 1889, he entered the sophomore class, Mercer university, where he took a classical course and graduated with the degree of Bachelor of Arts in June, 1892, ranking high in the class. Without loss of time he went to Lexington, Ky., and entered the Com mercial college there and took a full business course, graduating December following. During vacations, while pursuing his studies, he taught school to defray his expenses. Returning home, he entered the office of Hon. John J. Kim-
sey, under whose able preceptorship he read law, and was admitted to the bar at the March term, 1894, of Towns count)- superior court, Judge C. ]. Wellborn, pre siding. He at once opened an office in Cleveland and entered upon the practice under the most encouraging auspices, and the promise of a brilliantly successful professional career. The estimation in which he is held by his fellow-citizens in White county could not be more emphatically expressed than it was by his election in 1893, at the age of twenty-two, as county school commissioner, the
youngest man in the state honored by being elected to that very responsible office. The energy and self-reliant determined spirit he has always displayed, and his exceptionally rapid advancement accomplished by his persistent exertions while yet so young, guarantee pre-eminence in whatever he undertakes. Of scholarly attainments, and ambitious, broad-minded, and possessing liberal views, he may be regarded as one of the rising young men of the state--one who will
leave his impress on her history.

ELIJAH F. STARR, physician and surgeon, Nacoochee, White Co., Ga., son of Elijah and Hannah (Townsend) Starr, was born in Greene county, Ga.,
July 20, 1820. His paternal grandfather, Henry Starr, was a native of Maryland,
who married a Virginia lady, and migrated to Georgia about the beginning of the present century. Dr. Stair's father was born in Maryland in 1780, and about the time he reached manhood he came to Georgia, where he married his wife, a member of an old Virginia family, and, in 1824, moved to Habersham county and bought and settled on land now included in White county. He was a farmer
and stock-raiser and died at his home Jan. 5, 1837. His widow died in 1870, aged ninety years. They reared a family of six children, two sons and four daugh ters, of whom the doctor is the sole survivor. Dr. Starr was about four years old when his parents settled in Habersham (now White) county, where he was educated and grew to manhood. He completed his education in Clarkesville, where the late Stanhope Erwin was one of his instructors. Having determined to adopt the medical profession he began the study of medicine under the precep torship of Dr. William J. Rusk, of Clarkesville, and then entered the medical col lege of Georgia, Augusta, from which he graduated in 1844. He located at first at Xacoochee, but very soon afterward went to Fairmont, Gordon Co., Ga., whence, a few years later, he moved to Rome, Ga., where he established a fine professional reputation and a remunerative practice. In 1856 he returned to
Nacoochee, where he located permanently. Early in the civil war he was com missioned surgeon of the Twenty-fourth Georgia regiment, which was assigned to Gen. Longstreet's division, army of northern Virginia, with which he rendered three years' skillful and valuable service on many of the bloodiest battlefields of that disastrous conflict. Among the battles in which, with his command, he

WHITE COUNTY SKETCHES.

1051

participated, were: Gettysburg, Antietam, second Manassas, seven days' fight around Richmond, siege of Knoxville, Chickamauga, etc. His health failing, he resigned and came home and resumed the practical duties of his profession-- his fame and patronage increasing with the years, and embracing White and Habersham counties. He has made a study of, and has been especially successful in the treatment of acute diseases and inflammatory rheumatism. The first year of his practice he successfully treated a case of inguinal hernia in Towns county, and has since operated for the "same conditions with equal satisfactory results. He is widely and favorably known to the college faculties and the medical profession generally throughout the state, and particularly to the people of White and con
tiguous counties. Dr. Starr was married in May, 1846, to Miss Hannah M., daughter of Maj. Edward Williams, of Nocoochee valley, by whom he has had ten children, two of whom, only, survive: Lulu, wife of C. L. Hutchins, Gwinnett county,-and Ellene, at home. Of the others, Mary H., died Sept 15, 1893; Amelia E., wife of F. L. Asbury, died Aug. 26, 1893; Tattie, matron Wesleyan Female college, Macon, Ga., died Sept. 20, 1893; George Williams, died Sept. 5, 1893, and four died young.
A BNER FRANKLIN UNDERWOOD, physician and surgeon, Cleveland, White Co., Ga., son of Dr. Joseph and Macriah (Dunagan) Underwood, was
born in Elbert county, Ga., Aug. 6, 1825. His paternal grandfather, Joseph Underwood, was one of seven brothers of English descent, born in Virginia, who after his marriage migrated to Georgia and settled in Elbert county near the Savannah river. His maternal great-great-grandfather was a native of Ireland,
who emigrated to this country and settled in South Carolina, where he married. His maternal great-grandfather, Joseph Dunagan, son of the above, was born in South Carolina, was a frontiersman and a local Methodist preacher, and a bonafide pioneer of western civilization. He penetrated the then western wilds as far as Kentucky, where he met Daniel Boone, and, later, helped him build the first blockhouse, constructed on the present site of the city of Nashville. He died west of the Mississippi early in the present century. Mis mother's father, Abner Duna gan, was a prominent farmer in Habersham county. Dr. Underwood's father was born in Elbert county in 1799, where he was raised and where he married. In 1832 he moved to Habersham county, where he practiced medicine, which he continued during his active life. In 1872 he moved to Alabama, where he died in 1875. He practiced his profession, he always declared, because he loved to do so, not for gain. Of the children born to him ten reached maturity: Abner F.,
the subject of this sketch; Thomas Gibbs, M. D., Franklin county, Ga.; Delilah, wife of Jeptha A. Merritt, White county; Frances E., wife of M. V. Edwards, White county; Bersheba Adeline, deceased wife of Fed Latham; Sarah Emeline, widow of John C. McMackin, Atlanta; Mary L., deceased wife of Thomas L. De Voe; Jasper W., M. D., White county; William B., Baptist minister, Texas; Reu
ben Case, died in Kansas in 1871, at which time he was a student at law. Dr. Underwood was about seven years old when his parents moved from Elbert to Habersham, and settled on land now included in White county. Here he received the best education to be obtained under frontier and pioneer conditions. Approaching manhood he decided on being a physician, commenced its study under the direction of his father, and in January, 1847, was duly licensed and
began the practice, in which he was eminently successful from the start, profes sionally and financially. Some years afterward he attended lectures at the Atlanta Medical college, from which he graduated in 1860. Since that time he has suc cessfully practiced in White and adjoining counties, doing an extensive and remunerative practice. But Dr. Underwood could not be restricted to the routine

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MEMOIBS OF GEORGIA.

of his practice; the activity of his mind and the interest he felt in the public good and advancement, impelled him to be an active participant in the politics of the day. He was opposed to secession, but when it became an actuality he patriot ically went with the state; believing in the right, he seriously questioned the policy
of secession. He was steadfastly a supporter of Mr. Stephens' policy of compro mise, and, as such was elected in 1863 to represent the Thirty-second senatorial
district in the general assembly, serving his constituents faithfully and accept ably. In 1865 he was elected a member of the constitutional convention; and
was also elected a delegate to the constitutional convention of 1877. I*1 ^s convention he had the distinguishing honor of being named as one of the special
judiciary committee of twenty-six, of which Hon. Robert Toombs was chairman, the most important committee of that body, and whose recommendations, engrafted on the constitution, have molded subsequent legislation. After the war
he sincerely and patriotically accepted the situation, and was ready to accept
the measures of reconstruction, save those incorporated in the fifteenth amend
ment to the Federal constitution. He has been and is a firm supporter of the popular and uniform education of white and black; and believes that the educa
tion of the colored race will, in the end, solve the great racial question--and he is a stanch supporter of his conviction. He has all his life been a strong and consist ent democrat, frequently sent to its conventions, and invited to its councils--in all of which he has been prominent and influential--in this respect his zeal and vigor are unimpaired by age. Dr. Underwood was happily married June 3, 1850, to
Sarah Ann--born in Lumpkin county, Ga.--daughter of John and Martha Cantrell, and of the children born to them five survive: Joseph W. H.; Amanda M., wife of George M. Quillian, Hall county; Thomas G., physician, born March
9, 1858, now at Maysville, Banks Co., Ga.; Hopson B., born Jan. 8, 1861, farmer, White county; and Martha L., born March 23, 1864, wife of Dr. A. S. Cantrell, Milton county. On Dec. I i, 1890, Dr. Underwood contracted a second marriage
with Mrs. Mary J. (nee Eubanks) Faulkner, daughter of Giles Eubanks, in whose congenial companionship he is spending the closing years of his active and
useful life. Joseph W. H. Underwood was born in Hall county, Ga., Sept 15;
at the June term, 1877, of Towns county superior court, was admitted to the
bar, Judge George N. Lester presiding. He has an excellent practice in the superior courts of his own and adjoining circuits, and in the supreme court of
Georgia. He is a sound lawyer, ranks well with the profession, and has a large and influential clientage. In 1875 he was appointed postmaster at Cleveland, but resigned in 1877. Oct. 25, of that year, he married Miss Mary O., daughter of John H. and Xancy Craven of White county.

EDWIN P. WILLIAMS, farmer, Nacoochee valley, White Co., Ga., son of
Edward and Mary (Brown) Williams, was born in Burke county, N. C, Nov.
27, 1814. His father was born in Lowell, Mass., the latter part of the last cen tury. When a young man he came to Charleston, S. C, and, later, went thence
to Morgantown, Burke Co., N. C., where he married his wife, who was a daugh
ter of Daniel Brown, one of the first settlers and oldest citizens of the county. He came to Georgia in 1823, and purchased a large tract of land in Nacoochee valley, then in Habersham, now in White county. He died just before the war. Mr. Wil liams was nine years old when the family migrated to this state, and grew to manhood and was educated in Nacoochee valley, in the shadow of Mount Yonah; and there, hale and hearty, at the age of eighty, he still lives. Farming has been his life occupation; but, in connection with it, he has conducted a general mer
chandise store, and stock-raising. Mr. Williams* superior business qualifications,

WHITFIELD COUNTY SKETCHES.

1033

unswerving integrity and uprightness of character and sound judgment pointed to him as a general administrator of estates, as a consequence of which very many estates, of relatives and others, have been entrusted to his management, and all accountings have been made with the most scrupulous exactitude, giving satisfac tion in each case. Although utterly indifferent to political office, he was
induced to become a candidate in 1858 to represent the county in the general assembly; and after a most exciting and hard-fought contest succeeded in defeat ing CoL William B. Shelton, one of the ablest and most popular citizens then in the county. It is needless to add that Mr. Williams represented the county with his accustomed fidelity and faithfulness, and of course to the entire satisfaction
of his constituents. He was also the contracting builder of the public buildings at Qeveland, the county site of the new county (White) just before the war--a work honestly done. Among the interesting incidents of the north Georgia pio neer are the visits he remembers and likes to tell about, of John C. Calhoun to his father's home in the long ago. That distinguished statesman once owned valuable mining interests in that section, where there is a mine now that bears his name. Mr. Williams is yet active and on the alert, now as ever, for the new and good,
and no citizen ranks higher in all those excellencies which make the model citizen. Mr. Williams was happily married in Burke county, N. C., in 1838, to Jane Elizabeth, 'daughter of Alfred Perkins, a descendant of one of the oldest and most prominent families in that county, and a cousin of Gov. Caldwell. Of ten
children born to them the following are living: Alfred, Nacoochee; Robert, Na-
coochee; Sarah Jane, wife of Gaylor Bristol, Nacoochee; Lusannah, wife of J. R.
Lumsden; Hattie, wife of J. L. Johnson, Gainesville, Ga. Of those deceased, Church, a youth of unusual promise, entered the Confederate service, and died of brain fever at Goldsboro, N. C., in 1862, when only sixteen years of age.

WHITFIELD COUNTY.
J OSEPH BOGLE, of Whitfield county, residing in Dalton, and at present ordi nary of that county, was born in Blount county, Tenn., in 1843. His father,
Capt. John W. Bogle, died soon after the birth of Joseph, and in 1844 the latter was brought by his mother to Whitfield county. Later the family settled in Gor don county, where Mr. Bogle was reared, and where he learned the tanner's trade while in the service of his uncle, Joseph Bogle, a prominent citizen of Bartow county, and at one time justice of the inferior court of the county. The opening of the war found him thus engaged. His sympathies and surroundings naturally prompted him to take sides with the Confederacy. He enlisted as a private sol dier in Company I, Fortieth Georgia infantry, commanded by Col. Abda John son, and shortly afterward was engaged in the battle of Tazewell, the siege of Cumberland Gap and Perryville. He fought in the Tennessee and Kentucky campaign under Gen. Bragg. His regiment being ordered to Vicksburg, he pro ceeded thither. He fought at the battle of Baker's creek and throughout the celebrated siege of Vicksburg in May and June, 1863. During the siege he was severely wounded, having been shot in the left arm, the ball lodging in a Testa ment in the pocket of his coat; he thus miraculously escaped death. After the capture of Vicksburg, on July 4, 1863, he was paroled and returned to his home.

1

1034

MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

On being exchanged a few months later he rejoined his regiment in time to par
ticipate in the battle of Missionary Ridge, although by reason of his wound he
was unable to take an active part in the fight. For a short time he was detailed
to serve in the postoffice department of the army. He accompanied his regiment
from the Tennessee line to Atlanta, and was engaged in that series of battles and skirmishes which finally resulted in the capture of that city in 1864. He
fought at Resaca, New Hope Church, Kennesaw Mountain and Peachtree Creek. He was finally made prisoner of war in front of Atlanta and sent to Camp Chase,
Ohio, where he remained until the close of the war. On his release he settled permanently in Whitfield county and engaged first in the tanning business and
then in agricultural pursuits. About 1880 he settled in Dalton. He was elected
and served three terms as alderman and one term as tax receiver of Whitfield county to the eminent satisfaction of the public, a fact best evidenced by his nom ination and election to the office of ordinary of Whitfield county in 1893. He
is an efficient and capable official, and the people of Whitfield county could
not intrust business to better hands. Mr. Bogle is an active member of the Bap tist church at Dalton. He is a member of the American Legion of Honor. He has been twice married. His first wife was Miss Lou Longley, whom he married in 1868. Six children are the fruit of this marriage: Bertha, wife of W. J. Van-
diver, agent for the Georgia Central railroad at Barnsville, Ga.; John W., fore
man of the Cherokee Manufacturing company at Dalton; Frank H., engaged in
farming in Whitfield count}-; Lena, Edgar and William. His first wife died in 1882. In 1884 he was again married to Miss Christina Scott, of Whitfield county, a'nd by this marriage they have two children: Walter Scott and Grace. The father of Mr. Bogle was a native of Tennessee. His mother was Nancy J. Hen-
derson, also born in that state. His only sister, Mrs. William Dillard, of Gordon
county, is deceased. The family are of Scotch-Irish extraction. Three brothers of the name of Bogle settled in the United States, Pennsylvania, Virginia and North Carolina respectively. Mr. Bogle is a descendant of the Virginia family, some of whom settled in Tennessee.

r\ C. P. CLARK, one of the oldest citizens of Whitfield county, was born in this county on April 20, 1836. Whitfield has always been his residence. He
grew up on a farm and has been engaged during the chief part of his lifetime in
agricultural pursuits. His father was Benjamin Clark, born in Lincoln county, N. C., May 31, 1793. He married Lucy Dalton, daughter of Rev. John Dalton, a Baptist minister in Rutherford county, that state. Benjamin Clark was the first settler in what is now Tunnel Hill, arriving there March 15, 1832. He
engaged in farming and followed that occupation during the remainder of his life. He served in the war of 1812. In 1836 he went to Texas and participated in the movement led by Davy Crockett and Gen. Sam Houston, which resulted in
the independence of Texas. For this service he was afterward paid a liberal sum of money by the state of Texas. At the commencement of the late war he entered the Confederate service and performed military duty for six months, when,
owing to ill health and old age, he honorably retired. He survived until Dec. 6, 1876, and died in Whitfield county, aged eighty-four years. His wife died Jan. 8, 1882. In his early life he represented Haywood county in the legislature of North Carolina. By his marriage he had nine children: Mary T., wife of John S. Martin; Zachariah D.; Mvria S., wife of Francis Williams; Lucy M., wife of
H. M. Ward; Benjamin M., William S., John J., Alfred W. and David C. P. Mr. D. C. P. Clark entered the Confederate service, ^enlisting in Company D, of the
First Confederate Georgia regiment, commanded by Col. George A. Smith, of

WHITPIELD COUNTY SKETCHES.

1035

Macon. His first service was at Fort Gaines, Ala., protecting the coast line, May, 1863, when his command was ordered to Tennessee to join Gen. Bragg, who was then making preparations for the celebrated campaign of that year. He fought at the battle of Chickamauga, where he was slightly wounded. During
this battle and the remainder of his service he acted as sergeant of his company. On Nov. 25 he fought at Missionary Ridge and later went into winter quarters at Dalton. At the opening of the Atlanta campaign his regiment fought under
Johnston from Dalton to Atlanta, constituting the reserve force at Resaca, and was engaged at New Hope church, Kennesaw Mountain, Peachtree Creek and at Atlanta. During the battle of Atlanta, July 22, 1864, his term of service having expired, and being unable to obtain a furlough to return to his home, and recog nizing the Confederate cause to be a failure he retired from the ranks and with drew to the north of the Ohio river. A few months later he returned to his home and again engaged in farming. During the past fifteen years he has been justice of the peace and has served the public in that capacity faithfully and well. He is an all-round good citizen, with a large and influential number of stanch friends in Whitfield county. On Jan. 20, 1859, Mr. Clark was married to Mrs. Emily McSpadden, daughter of Isaac Hufaker. They have six children: Mitchell L., David P., deceased, Auroria T., Annie L., Isaac O. and Robert R. His paternal grandfather, Benjamin Clark, was a soldier of the war of the revolution who fought for the liberties of the colonies. His maternal grandfather was John Dal ton, who also fought on the colonial side in that war. Mr. Clark is a member of the Baptist church.

JJ P. COLVARD, one of the rising young business men of Dalton, Ga., is a * native of the state of Tennessee, and was born at Pikeville, Bledsoe Co.,
April 27, 1869. He was reared in that county and educated in White county, completing his studies in 1887. Fr a short time he engaged in merchandising in Bledsoe county, and then for four years was a traveling salesman for the South ern Monumental company, of Chattanooga, Tenn. He finally settled in Dalton on Nov. II, 1892, and resolved to embark in business on his own account. He became engaged in the marble and stone trade under the firm name of Baker & Colvard, manufacturers and dealers in marble and granite monuments. The busi ness of the firm prospered during two years, engaged extensively in that industry, and became one of the reliable institutions of the city. In January, 1895, Mr. Colvard purchased the interest of his partner and became the sole operator of the plant, which is now known as the Dalton marble works. An excellent grade of work is being turned out by the present proprietor, the market for his product extending from Texas to Maryland and throughout the South generally. Mr. Colvard is a shrewd business man, possessing a .good share of energy- and activity in his business methods and transactions. He is one of the most popular business men of Dalton, and stands well in business and social circles, at all times displaying those qualities inherent to success in life. His father was Jesse Colvard, who was born near Murphy, N. C., Oct. 7, 1800. By his second marriage to Miss Sarah Cooper they had three sons and five daughters: Nancy, wife of W. M. Smith, of Chattanooga: Ann, wife of M. De Board, of Pikeville, Tenn.; Jennie, wife of John Childers, now of Texas; VV. A. Colvard, of Ken tucky; H. P., Dalton; A. T., of Pikeville, Tenn.; Florence, wife of R. Pendergrass, of Billingsly, Tenn.; and Lilah, residing with her parents in Tennessee. The father of Mr. Colvard died on Jan. 23, 1876, at Pikeville. Mr. Colvard is & member of the M. E. church south, is a master Mason--member of Dalton

1036

MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

lodge No. 105; a member of the K. of P., Dalton lodge No. 29, and of the order of Woodmen of the World, at Dalton.

JOHN F. HARRIS, M. D., belongs to one of the oldest families of Murray county, where he was born in 1854. His father was Miniard Harris, born in
North Carolina in 1800, who settled in Gwinnett county in his youth and early in the 3o's moved to Murray county, where he passed the remainder of his life engaged in planting. He was one among the successful farmers of his section
and enjoyed many years of prosperity. He filled numerous offices of trust and
responsibility in his county, including those of treasurer and tax collector. He married Miss Martha M. Holland, daughter of Jacob Holland, one of the first settlers of Murray county, but formerly of South Carolina. They reared ten chil
dren, two daughters and eight sons: Eliza, wife of J. A. Glass; Martha, deceased; James F., a physician of prominence, Murray county; W. D. Harris, an eminent
lawyer of Texas, and at present judge of the district court in that state; Dr. John F., subject of present sketch; T. J. Harris, a practicing lawyer at Summerville, Ga.; D. H., a dentist at Dalton; M. B., a prominent member of the bar at Fort Worth, Tex.; S. H., a physician at Nashville, Tenn., and George W., an attorney, Fort Worth, Tex. Miniard Harris died in Murray county in 1867. His wife sur
vives him. Dr. John F. Harris was educated in the schools of Murray county, and in 1876 entered the North Georgia Agricultural college at Dahlonega and pursued a course of study during two years. He next taught school in Murray county and read law at Spring Place, was admitted to the bar, but never engaged
in the practice of that profession. From his early youth his heart was set on the study and practice of medicine. He accordingly placed himself under the
guidance of Dr. W. Anderson, of Spring Place, and commenced the study of
medicine. Later he attended, from 1881 to 1883, the Eclectic college of medicine in Atlanta, and was graduated from that institution in 1883 with special honors
and was valedictorian of his class. He began the practice of his profession in his
native county, and in 1884 he moved to Parker county, Tex., where for three years he enjoyed a large and lucrative practice and rapidly rose to prominence in his
profession. Ill health compelled him to abandon his adopted state; he returned
to Murray county and resumed his practice. In 1893 he settled in Dalton. His
experience as a physician has been very extensive and he stands high in the med ical fraternity in North Georgia. His professional skill and private character are vouched for by the best citizens in his community. His success in treating diseases
of children and also diseases of the mind and nervous system has been remark
able. He was a member of the State Medical association of Texas and is now of the Medical association of this state. He was recently appointed by Gov. Atkinson a member of the state board of medical examiners. In 1881 he married Miss Mary E. Pindeset, of Tennessee. They have two children: Ray Winifred and Laura Ella.

QHARLES H. HUMPHREYS, of Dalton, a prominent educator, was born in Bradley county, Tenn., June 10, 1856, where he lived with his parents until
1869, when he moved with his family to Murray county, Ga. He was educated
at the public schools and at Sumach seminary, where he pursued a classical course of study during four years, and was graduated in 1882. He finished his studies at Holbrook Normal university, near Knoxville, Tenn. At intervals during his period of study he taught school at Rock Spring, in Walker county, and the pro ceeds of his salary were expended in defraying his expenses at the seminary. During the years 1883-84-85 he taught school Jh Gordon county, at Coosawattee

JOHN F. HARRIS.

XIVK "X H

WHITPIELD COUNTY SKETCHES.

1037

seminary. In 1885 he became principal of the Sumach seminary. There he con tinued to administer instruction and direct the study of students from several states during five years. In 1890 he moved to Dalton and gave instruction in
music for upward of two years. He resumed his place at Sumach seminary, where he remained until 1894, when he entered upon his duties as principal of the Dalton high school and located permanently in that city. Mr. Humphreys is a gentleman of excellent educational qualifications and possesses the art of impart
ing successfully his thoughts and acquirements of mind to others. His manner is refined and dignified, yet devoid of fastidiousness and ostentation. His career as an educator has been eminently successful. Early in life he cultivated a taste for music and became proficient in that art after studying under distinguished masters. His aim in life has chiefly been the development of the moral and mental
faculties of youth, and hundreds of his former pupils in different states will bear testimony to the value of his labors, and the high standing of the institution over which he so long presided. He is a ruling elder in the Cumberland Presbyterian church at Sumach. He belongs to the masonic fraternity and is past-worshipful
master of Sumach lodge No. 55. For many years he has been identified with
the Sunday school work in his church and has been superintendent of the Sunday school and chorister. In 1882 Prof. Humphreys was married to Miss Lucy A. Harris, daughter of Capt. W. G. Harris, of Murray county, a playmate of his
youth, and during their married life his assistant and co-laborer at the seminary. For six years he enjoyed the blessings which their union brought him, then his wife died in Murray county in 1889. Three years later, in 1892, he was married
to Miss Lenora Smith, daughter of Dr. F. W. Smith, of Spring City, Tenn. One
child, Mary E., has been born to them. Dr. Smith is a native of Ohio, where he practiced medicine for twenty-five years. About 1885 he emigrated to Ten
nessee and later settled at Dalton, where he now lives and practices his profession. The father of Prof. Humphreys was Rev. John R. Humphreys, born in Tennessee in 1826 of Irish descent For many years he was a successful teacher and a
Presbyterian minister in the state of Tennessee. He married Miss Mary Henkle,
of that state, daughter of George Henkle, a native of Germany. Eight children were the issue of their marriage, four of whom survive: William L., a farmer in Texas; Sarah C., wife of John S. Hambright, also of Texas; Charles H., and Rebecca E., wife of John F. Smith, of Dalton. The father of Prof. Humphreys died in Murray county, Dec. 31, 1878. His mother died Dec. 25, 1891, in Whitfield county.

I4ENRY K MAIN, physician, Dalton, was born in Ashe county, N. C., in 1844. In 1849 his parents settled in Gordon county, Ga., and there he was reared.
The ancestor of the Main family in North Carolina was Henry Main, the great
grandfather of Dr. Main, who was born in Salsbury, England, and immigrated to Ashe county in the last century. He fought in the colonial army during the
revolutionary war, was taken prisoner at the battle of Brandywine, and pressed
into the British service, in which he compulsorily continued during the remainder of the war. His son was Charles Main, grandfather of Dr. Main, also born in
Ashe county. Dr. Main's father was Lemuel Main, the seventh son in a family of
sixteen children, born and reared in Ashe county. He married in 1843 Miss
Sarah Kinnamon, near Taylorsville, Tenn., and had four children. Of these, Barbara E., wife of L. J. Cook, Blue Spring, Ga,; Delara, wife of J. S. Dupree of Whitfield county; and Dr. Main, survive. At the commencement of the war, Dr.
Main was in his eighteenth year. The chivalrous spirit of youth incited him to enlist in Company A, Thirty-sixth Georgia infantry, commanded by Col. Jesse A.

1038

MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

Glenn, and he was made sergeant of his company. He fought in the Tennessee and Kentucky campaign in 1862, and was engaged at Tazewell, Cumberland Gap, Richmond, Ky., and Murfreesboro. His command having been ordered to the support of Yicksburg, he fought in 1863 at Baker's Creek, where in a hand-to-hand contest he shot down the commander of a battery and performed gallant service on the field. He fought through the celebrated siege of Vicksburg and after its capture he was paroled. He again joined his regiment after the battle of Chickamauga, and was engaged at Missionary Ridge. The winter of 1863-64 he passed in winter quarters at Dalton, and the following spring and summer he served in the Atlanta campaign. He fought under Johnston and at Resaca, but sickness compelled him to abandon the service during the Atlanta campaign, and he finally returned to his home after undergoing the hardship of soldier-life for upwards of three years. Having qualified himself after the war for the medical profession by a thorough course of study, he engaged in its practice during a period of ten years at Blue Springs, Sugar Valley and Calhoun. He was very successful, and in 1879 he moved to Dalton, where he has continued to reside and follow his profession. He has also for many years conducted, in connection with his practice, a large and prosperous drug business. In 1877 Dr. Main married Mrs. De Alva C. Whittaker of Smithville, Ga. By this marriage they had one son, now deceased, and Mrs. Main died in November, 1882, at Dalton. April 10, 1889, he married Miss Alice McXabb of Knoxville, Tenn. They have had three children, one son and three daughters, of whom the daughters survive: Florence, Myrtle and Susan Electa. Dr. Main is an active and widely known member of most of the benevolent and secret organizations of this state. He is a royal arch Mason, a member of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, and belongs to the uniformed rank of the Knights of Pythias. He is also a member of the Methodist Episcopal church, south, and has been lodge deputy of the Good Templars at Dalton. He has given much attention to the art of music, which he has thor oughly mastered, and has been three times elected president of the northwestern musical convention at Dalton. He has also served as vice-president of the Pharmaceutical society. For many years he has been a member of the Joseph E. Johnston camp of Confederate veterans at Dalton, and in 1894 was a delegate
from that camp to the annual reunion at Birmingham, Ala. Dr. Main has also served as president of the Thirty-sixth Georgia Regiment association since 1889. He is in every way one of Dalton's substantial and worthy citizens, and is an excellent representative of the conservative but progressive element which con trols and directs both the social and business affairs of that city.

CRAXK MANLY. Among the enterprising business men of Dalton the name of Frank Manly, president of the Manly Machine company, appropriately
finds a place in this chapter. Mr. Manly was born in Dalton in 1866. He received his preliminary education in the schools of his native town. In 1882 he entered Emory college. Oxford, Ga., and pursued a classical course of study during three years. In 1885 he went to Philadelphia and became the representative of the Manly & Cooper iron works of that city. For three years he continued in the sen-ice of that institution, traveling in its interest through the northern and western states, and rapidly acquired a practical knowledge of his business, which afterward became of important value to him. In 1888 he returned to Dalton and established the foundry and machine shop, and the business now known as the Manly Machine company. His enterprise soon gained a sound footing among the manufacturing institutions of Dalton. The specialty of this company is the manufacture of saw-mill machinery, boilers and engines, which are being pro-

WHITFIELD COUNTY SKETCHES.
duced on an extensive scale for the southern market--the demand coming from every southern state. This plant is a favorable and important one among the industries of Dalton, and from its very incipiency the establishment has been a financial success to the stockholders; and may be considered a fixture among the successful business plants in that enterprising city. In 1892 Mr. Manly married Miss Maggie Pitner, daughter of Maj. T. H. Pitner, an old and prominent citizen of Whitfield county. They have one child, Howard. The father of Mr. Manly is Dr. W. J. Manly, for many years a practicing physician at Dalton, now retired from the active duties of his profession. He was born in Dorset, Vt, in 1821, where he studied medicine and practiced during many years. He married Miss Martha Willard of Malone, N. Y., and located at Dalton about 1859. They have four children: Maggie, wife of Dr. C. P. Gordon, a leading physician at Dalton; Gertrude, wife of Hon. T. R. Jones, a prominent member of the Whitfield bar, a lady of excellent and accomplished literary attainments; Mr. Frank Manly; and Nelly of Dalton. Both of the parents of Mr. Manly are still living. Mr. Manly takes an active interest in the progress and welfare of his town, and is possessed of that hopeful and trusting spirit which invariably distinguishes the successful buiness man. He is prominent in any and all legitimate movements having for their object the advancement and prosperity of Dalton and its people. He fairly represents the spirit which at the present time predominates in the social and industrial life of the south; influenced by a laudable ambition to seize the oppor tunity which fortune and the occasion presents to meliorate the condition and enhance the value of property. The south is fortunate in possessing such stable and persevering characters, and Dalton is happy in being classed among the number of business towns where this element is daily recognized. Mr. Manly is one of the active members of the Presbyterian church at Dalton and one of its stanch supporters.
REV. M. A. MATHEWS. This scholarly and distinguished divine, at present pastor of the First Presbyterian church at Dalton, and justly considered one
of the ablest members of the clerical profession in this state, is a native of Georgia. He was born at Calhoun, in Gordon county, in 1867, and was reared in that county. His father is M. L. Mathews, a native of Halifax county, X. C, born in 1827, and was the son of Frank C. Mathews, a prominent planter born in that state in 1765 and died in 1850. M. L. Mathews settled in Gordon county, Ga., about 1840. He married in 1851, at Summerville, in Chattooga county, Miss Melinda Clemmons, daughter of George W. Clemmons, for many years engaged in the hotel business at that place. Melinda Clemmons was born in Jackson county, Tenn., in 1833, and moved with her parents to Chattooga county in 1843. By that marriage they had twelve children, two of whom survive: Miss Laura, now of Dalton, and Rev. M. A. Rev. M. A. Mathews was educated at the Gordon institute and early resolved to embrace the clerical profession. Under the supervision of a private tutor he was enabled to pursue the Princeton college theological course and in 1886, before he attained his majority, he was licensed to preach the gospel. In 1887 he was ordained and given charge of the First Presbyterian church at Cal houn, where, with a mind fully equipped for the task and its responsibilities, he entered upon his pastoral duties and continued in their discharge during a period of four years. From the outset his career was marked with brilliant and success ful achievements in the cause of the gospel. In him, as well became his mission and profession, were united the simplicity and artlessness of the true Christian teacher, the persuasive eloquence of the enthusiastic evangelist, the logical pow ers and cogent reasonings of the finished scholar, and the courtly bearing and

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MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

refined manners of the true gentleman. The great talents of such a man must
necessarily be known abroad, despite the humility of the character, and pressing invitations to participate in evangelistic work were extended to him from all parts of the country, and pulpits and forums await his pleasure and opportunity. These invitations he accepted and continues to accept in so far as his services
as an evangelist does not deteriorate from his duties as a resident pastor. In 188788 he took an active part in the temperance work and agitation then being vigor ously conducted throughout this state, and his labors largely contributed to the success of that movement On May i, 1893, he became pastor of the First Pres byterian church at Dalton. His labors at that place have met with distinguished consideration and marvelous success. The large increase in the membership of
the church was a fitting and invariable response to his practical but aggressive efforts and Herculean labors in the field of morals and religion. In promoting and advancing the cause of the gospel among men Mr. Mathews is no theorist
He is pre-eminently a practical man, a man of method and sense, who avails himself of any and all justifiable means to reach the hearts and enlighten the understanding of men. In the affairs of everyday life he is active and enterprising, lending his aid and influence to any enterprise or measure intended to promote the material welfare of his fellow men, believing that such enterprises and meas ures, when legitimate in themselves, are but other agencies through which the blessings of God are conferred upon man. His services as an evangelist have been rendered gratuitously, and pecuniary offers for his religious services have never governed nor influenced his pastoral duties. He has felt it his duty to decline numerous flattering offers and calls to large and wealthy pastorates, believing the
labor which he undertook in his present charge is still incompleted. Consequently a pressing call to the First Presbyterian church at San Antonio, Tex., at a prof fered salary of 84,000 per year, he has felt it his duty to decline. Similar offers from other churches he has also declined. Recently he accepted an invitation
from the hands of his friend, Dr. Talmage, of the Brooklyn tabernacle, to occupy his pulpit in the city during the tatter's contemplated trip abroad, a pleasure denied him, however, by reason of the conflagration which resulted in the destruction of that famous temple of worship. Mr. Mathews is still a young man, and in the natural order of things can hardly be said to have reached that period of life when the mental powers are supposed to attain the highest stage of development Life is still before him, with its golden opportunities to serve his Maker in the service of society, to promote by his efforts and example the welfare and happi ness of his kind. He needs no promptings in his labors. As a preacher in the pulpit, a lecturer on the forum, and a writer for the press, this tireless and inde fatigable servant has pursued the even tenor of his way in expounding the truths of the gospel, ever cheerful and full of hope that in the end his labors will receive that reward which the Redeemer promised. Mr. Mathews is a devoted student of profane literature, as of religious subjects. His library at Dalton is, perhaps, the largest private miscellaneous collection of books in the state. With in its precincts he lives and works, prepares his lectures and sermons, entertains his friends and visitors by an occasional conversazione in an elegant and charming manner. He is a royal arch Mason, takes an active interest in masonic affairs, and at the meetings of the craft is always a welcome attendant

1")AVID W. MITCHELL is one of the prosperous planters of Whitfield county, and tax collector. He was born in Franklin county, Ga., Jan. 6, 1835, and
was the son of James Mitchell, also born in that county, a prominent character in his day, who settled in what is now Whitfield county prior to 1837, and was

WHITFIELD COUNTY SKETCHES.

104!

engaged in the service of the United States in the removal of the Cherokees from Georgia. James Mitchell married Lucy, daughter of C. W. Bond, of Murray county, and David W. is the issue of their marriage. He was reared on a farm and married Miss Mary Bromlow, daughter of William Bromlow, one of the pioneer settlers of Whitfield county. The issue of their marriage was nine chil dren: Charles H., Nancy, George J., Augusta, William, Samuel, John, Lucy and Molly, now deceased. Mrs. Mitchell died in Whitfield county, Oct. i, 1887. At the commencement of the war Mr. Mitchell resolved to support the cause of the south, and joined his fortunes to the Confederacy. In 1862 he enlisted in the Fourth Georgia cavalry, commanded by Col. Avery, but soon retired from the cavalry service and enlisted in the Thirty-ninth Georgia infantry, commanded by Col. McConnell, and saw active service in this state until his capture in 1864. He was confined a prisoner of war at Louisville until May 18, 1865. He returned home and engaged in farming in Whitfield county and soon retrieved the dam age his interests had sustained by the havoc of war, in which he freely participated when the honor of his state demanded his presence on the field of battle. Mr. Mitchell has manifested but little inclination to engage in active politics. But in 1893 he became the candidate of his party for the office of tax collector, and was elected, and entered upon the discharge of his duties. The people of Whit field county expressed their approval of his official conduct and their appreciation of his services by re-electing him to this office by an increased majority in 1895. His official services have been rendered in an efficient manner and in a measure to amply justify the indorsement he has recently received at the hands of the voters of Whitfield county. The paternal grandfather of Mr. Mitchell was a native of Virginia, who settled in Franklin county, Ga., early in this century. He served in the war of 1812 under Jackson and fought at the battle of New Orleans. He lived to a ripe old age and died in Franklin county in 1849. The father of Mr. Mitchell died in Grand Junction, Tenn., in 1879. His mother still survives at that place at an advanced age.
QAPT. AGRIPPA P. ROBERTS, one of the oldest of Whitfield's esteemed citizens, is a native of Rutherford county, N. C., and was born on March i,
1830. He was a son of Noah Roberts and Harriet Chandler, who married in South Carolina. His mother was a native of Virginia, and a daughter of Timothy Chandler. Noah Roberts was born in Rutherford county in 1805, and died in Tippah county, Miss., Feb. 7, 1894. Early in life he settled in Rowan county, N. C, where he soon attained prominence, and was elected sheriff, serving creditably in that capacity for many years. In 1847 ne moved with his family to St Louis, and for one year was there engaged in mercantile business. In 1848 he came to Murray county, Ga., and later settled at Dalton, where for several years he conducted a hotel business. He finally migrated to Tippah county, Miss., where he lived during the remainder of his life, an esteemed and respected citizen. At the commencement of the war he rendered such aid as lay in his power to the Confederate cause, and was one of its zealous supporters in that state. Capt Roberts grew to manhood in North Carolina, where he received a liberal educa tion at Valley Cruces and at Salisbury. On completing his studies he engaged in merchandising at St. Louis, and in 1848 moved to Spring Place, Murray Co., Ga., where he engaged in merchandising until his marriage in 1852 to Miss Josephene Berry, a daughter of Eli P. Berry of that county. He settled at Dalton after his marriage, and was soon after clerk of the inferior court, which office he filled for six consecutive years. In 1858 he retired from office and engaged in {arming until the war called him from his home. At the commencement of
n-66

IO42

MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

hostilities he enlisted in Company H, Thirty-sixth Georgia infantry, commanded by that distinguished Georgian, CoL Jesse A. Glenn, who still resides at Dalton, the nestor of the Whitfield bar. He was commissioned captain of his company, and served in this capacity during the greater portion of the war. He served through the campaign of 1862 in Tennessee and Kentucky, was engaged at Cumberland Gap, Big Hill, Richmond, and later at Murfreesboro. His com mand having been ordered to the support of Vicksburg, he fought at the battle of Baker's Creek, and throughout the siege of Vicksburg. On the surrender of that city, in July, 1863, he was paroled and returned to his home. On being exchanged in the autumn of that year he joined his regiment after the battle of Chickamauga and fought at Missionary Ridge. He entered winter quarters at Dalton, and in the spring of 1864 he engaged m the celebrated retreat of Johnston to Atlanta. He was engaged at Resaca, New Hope Church, Kennesaw Mountain, and in all the battles and skirmishes fought on the approach to Atlanta. During the trying siege of that city he gave his best service to its defense. After Atlanta was taken he was detailed in the commissary department, where he remained until the surrender of the Confederate armies in the spring of 1865. He returned to his home, engaged in planting and in 1867 was elected sheriff of Whitfield county, an office which he filled with great credit daring the following ten years. He is one of the best known citizens of north Georgia, of sterling character, and scrupulous honor. By his marriage Capt Roberts reared seven children: Sarah; Cicero, who died in New Orleans, July 31, 1894; Mary, wife of W. H. Kirk of Dalton; William, now of Anniston, Ala.; Lucy, stenographer for the Cherokee Manufactur ing company at Dalton; Josephene of New Orleans; and Lizzie of Dalton. The paternal grandfather of Capt Roberts was Martin Roberts, a soldier of the war of the revolution. He was born in Rockingham county, Va., and served under Gen. Washington. He was an able supporter of the colonial cause, and furnished supplies in great quantities to the continental army. He settled in Rutherford county, N. C., where he died in 1838. Capt Roberts aided in the establishment of the United Confederate Veterans at Dalton; and since its organization has been the commander of Joseph E! jobnston camp No. 34.
A DDISON HILL SHAVER* proprietor and publisher of the "Dalton Argus," was born at Hampton, York Co., Va. His family, which is a numerous one,
are all Virginians. His father, Rev. David Shaver, D. D., for twenty-eight years was the editor of the "Christian Index," Atlanta, and is at present on the editorial staff of that paper, was born in. Virginia about 1815, and resided in that state until 1867, when, with his family, he settled in Atlanta, and there assumed the editorial charge of the "Index." The life of. Dr. Shaver has been devoted to religious work as pastor of different Baptist churches in Virginia, and in conducting religious newspapers in that state and in Georgia. Dr. Shaver married at Lynchburg, Va., the daughter of Samuel Nowlin. Of this marriage, one daughter, Kate, the wife of Wallace P. Reed, of the "Atlanta Constitution" staff; David, engaged in the job printing and book trade in Augusta, and Addison H. Shaver, survive. The wife of Dr. Shaver died at Augusta in 1893. Mr. Shaver was educated at Mercer university, Macon, Ga. In 1876 he became proprietor of a weekly newspaper, since which time he has been connected with the newspaper business continuously. He arose rapidly in the journalistic profession, and in various capacities has been connected with the leading newspapers in Georgia and Tennessee, among others, the "Atlanta Journal," "Atlanta Constitution," "Newberry Observer," "Albany Advertiser," and the "Chattanooga News," of which last paper he was managing editor, retiring therefrom in 1892 to become editor and proprietor of the "Dalton Argus," one of the leading weekly newspapers in north Georgia--the official

A. H. SHAVER.

WHITPIELD COUNTY SKETCHES.

1043

organ of Dalton and Whitfield county. For several years he has been a cor respondent of the leading metropolitan journals, his work being of such a character as to bring him into special prominence as a writer and all-round newspaper man, while his early experience in connection with and management of the country press has made him a master of the mechanical part of the business. Through his efficient business management and editorial ability, the "Argus" has taken its place among the leading and most reliable weeklies published in Georgia. His latent ability is boundless, and his versatile and forcible pen irre proachable. He disapproves of all manner of affectation, or rhetorical bombast His idea of responsibility and duty in an editor is that he should be honest, fearless and out-spoken; that he should stand upon his own merits, and give his associates their deserts; he should write naturally and avoid oratorical display; he should be free from egotism, be able to see and recognize the merits of his contemporaries and associates; use brains, have charity, common sense and good humor. Possessing these various characteristics and accomplishments, Mr. Shaver's success in the newspaper world is no marvel, but is the result of the practical application of these rules of propriety, industry, and common sense which lead to success. Since settling in Dalton he has strongly supported every movement intended to promote the prosperity of his town, county and section. In 1890 he married Miss Lula McCord, a daughter of Hon. J. R. McCord of Rockdale county. He is identified with ex-Gov. Northen in the immigration movement.

ANTHONY JOHNSON SHOWALTER, publisher and printer, Dalton, was born in Rockingham county, Va., May i, 1858. From the paternal branch
of his family he inherited a fine taste for music. This taste he early cultivated and developed to a degree of perfection that enabled him to take his place as the leading composer, instructor and musical author in the southern states. His name
is familiar in musical circles throughout the United States, both as an author and an accomplished professor and teacher of the art of music. Since 1880 he has been constantly engaged in establishing normal schools in every southern state--utiliz
ing those institutions for the purpose of imparting instruction in the art of teach ing music. Those schools have been conducted by Mr. Showalter upon an exten
sive scale, have been more largely attended, and more successful than any kindred institutions in the south. This work has occupied the greater part of his time since he became a resident of this state, and its beneficent results have greatly enhanced his professional reputation, and constitute an enduring monument to his labors. He has composed more extensively, perhaps, and is the author of more music books than any music writer of his age. The house of which he is
the head conducts a large printing plant at Dalton and publishes a music journal known as "The Music Teacher," of whicli periodical he is the editor-in-chief. This journal is now in the eleventh year of its existence and has a circulation in the United States of more than 5,000 copies. His publishing house at Dalton is a very extensive and flourishing establishment, and under his immediate superin
tendence has not only attained a high standard of excellence in the character and
quality of its work, but has grown to be the best equipped and most complete of its kind in the southern states. Among the most successful publications are the following: Good Tidings Combined, National Singer, Work and Worship, Glad Evangel, Class Choir and Congregation, Showalter's Theory of Music, Perennial Songs, The Singer's Ideal, Glorious Praise, Revival Choir, and Song-land Mes senger. Some of these have reached a circulation of over 100,000 copies. Mr. Showalter is an elder in the Presbyterian church at Dalton and a most liberal

1044

MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

contributor to its support He is a royal arch Mason, a member of the Daltoit lodge 105 and of Western chapter So and is organist and chorister of his lodge and chapter. He settled in Dalton in 1884. In 1881 he was united in marriage to Miss Gallic Walser, of Texas. They have six children: Tennie, Karl Redan, Essie, Jennie Louise, Mary Lena and Maggie May. The father of Prof. Showalter is John A. Showalter, a native of Virginia, where he resides and is engaged in agricultural pursuits. At intervals during many years he has taught school and given musical instruction in the Shenandoah valley. He married Susan Miller and reared seven children: Mary E., wife of John Manking, of Rockingham, Mo.;
Anthony J.; Lydia, wife of B. F. Senger, residing near Charlottesville, Va.; Ben-
ja*nin F., of Rockingham count}", Va.; J. Henry, professor of music, residing in Ohio; Jacob M., of Rockingham, Va., and Hettie, wife of Newton Smith, also of that count}-. The paternal grandfather of Prof. Showalter was Anthony Showalter, born in Rockingham, Va., in 1800, and died there in 1873. Mr. Jackson Showalter, of Georgetown, Ky., the champion chess player of the United States,
and Judge Showalter. of Chicago, are cousins of the distinguished musician. Prof. Showalter has spent the past summer in Europe hearing the music and studying the methods of the teachers and choir leaders in England, France, Ger many, etc., and being still young in years, will doubtless live to reflect still greater
credit upon his adopted state.

QEX. BRYAN M. THOMAS. Dalton, the county seat of Whitfield county, prominent in the military annals of this state, and noted for its seminaries
of learning and the culture of its inhabitants, has not unfrequently been the home of men eminent in the various professions and walks of life. Gen. Thomas has for years been a familiar figure in educational circles and his ripe scholarship and intuitive mind have enhanced his reputation as an instructor of youth. His family
and kindred have played an important part in the history of Georgia and the Federal Union. He was born near Milledgeville in 1836, the son of Hon. John S. Thomas, also a native of Georgia, born near Augusta about 1775. John S. Thomas was reared among the hardy pioneer inhabitants and the surviving veterans of the revolution. In many respects he was a man of remarkable char acter, and early in life became prominent in public affairs and business circles.
For many years he held the position of cashier in the old Central bank at Milledge ville, where his business tact, excellent judgment and practical acquaintance with commercial questions made his services invaluable. During his long career he was a stanch friend and supporter of Gen. Andrew Jackson, whom he knew inti
mately, and under whom he served in the war of 1812 as a lieutenant of artillery, his commanding officer being the celebrated Gen. Coffee. He fought later under Jackson in the Creek war and was engaged in the battle of the Horse Shoe, and at Calibee, Ala. About 1834 he served in the lower house of the general assem bly, the associates of jurists and lawmakers whose reputations have long since become national, and whose public records have largely contributed to the history
of our common country. He was the intimate friend of William H. and George W. Crawford, whose unlimited confidence he possessed during the lives of those distinguished statesmen. In the autumn of 1860 he was elected to the secession convention, and sat as a delegate in that body during its deliberations at Milledge ville in the winter of 1861, taking an active part in the proceedings. At the commencement of hostilities between the states he proceeded to Richmond and tendered his sen-ices to the secretary of war, asking for authority to proceed to
Indian territory and raise a regiment of Cherokees, whose friendship he had always possessed, and still retained, to be used in the Confederate service. He

y*.
J

WHITPIELD COUNTY SKETCHES.

1045

was then in his eighty-seventh year, and his advanced age proved a bar to the acceptance of his services. He married Miss Mary B. Xeal, daughter of Simpson Neal, of Savannah, by whom he had five children, two sons and three daughters: John G-, now of Milledgeville, a graduate of Yale college, who studied law under Judge Pettigru, of Charleston, and practiced his profession until the commence ment of the war; he is now engaged in planting; Henry, who served in the Con federate army throughout the war and died in 1892 at Milledgeville; Bryan M.; Mary N., now living at Milledgeville, and Eliza N., now deceased, who married Hon. Arthur Wright, a prominent banker of Thomas county, Ga. John S. Thomas died at Milledgeville in 1880 at the advanced age of one hundred and five years. Gen. Thomas was educated at Oglethorpe university and the United States Military academy at West Point In 1854, being his junior year at the university, he received an appointment to a cadetship at West Point. He passed a creditable examination, being the first appointee from his district who had succeeded in that trying ordeal in many years. He entered diligently upon his studies, which he pursued during a course of four years, and in 1858 was grad uated in a class nearly every member of which was destined to take a conspicuous part in the calamitous conflict which soon followed. During a part of the period of his cadetship Col. Robert E. Lee was superintendent of the academy, and thus early in life he was favored with the acquaintance of that distinguished man, whose memory he holds in profound veneration. Soon after graduating he was assigned to Company A, Fifth United States infantry, with the rank of second lieutenant. Later, during the Navajo campaign in 1860-61, he commanded the company, and saw his first military service in the field in the campaign against the Indians in New Mexico and Utah territory. In the spring of 1861, his native state having withdrawn from the Union and joined the Confederacy, he resolved, as a southern man, to follow in the wake of his people and defend the honor and dignity of Georgia. He forwarded his resignation to the war department in April of that year and returned to Milledgeville. From there he proceeded to Montgomery, Ala., then the seat of the new government. His services were readily accepted, and he was assigned to duty as drillmaster, with authority to muster in troops. Later he served on the staff of Gen. J. M. Withers for two years with the rank of major. He was engaged in the battles of Fort Pillow, Shiloh and Corinth. He served through the Tennessee and Kentucky campaign of 1862 and was present at the battle of Mumfordsville, where he aided in the capture of 6,600 Federals. He also fought at the battles of Perryville, Murfreesboro and Chickamauga. After the fight at Chickamauga he was commissioned a brigadier-general, and was ordered to the Gulf coast, where he commanded the troops during the remainder of the war. On April 9, 1865, in an engagement having for its object on his part the protection of the eastern defenses to Mobile, he was taken prisoner and confined a prisoner of war at Dauphin island until the latter part of June, when he was released and returned to his home. He engaged in planting in southwest Georgia, but his education and long military ser vice illy fitted him for the pursuit, which he soon abandoned, and settled in Whitfield county in 1881, and was appointed by Gen. Longstreet United States deputy marshal for the northern district of Georgia. He served creditably in that capacity three years. He next established a private school, which he conducted several years, and in 1891 he was appointed superintendent of public schools at Dalton, which position he still continues to occupy, and in which he gives universal satis faction. Gen. Thomas is a man of scholarly tastes and dignified bearing, with affable and agreeable manners, whose mind is well stored with a rich and varied

1046

MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

fund of knowledge. His associations with and recollections of the distinguished characters of the present and past generation enliven his conversation with pleas
ing anecdotes and interest and instruct the listener. In the autumn of 1864 he married Miss Mary Withers, daughter of Gen. J. M. Withers. Gen. Withers was an old and intimate personal friend of President Jackson, a graduate of the United States Military academy at West Point and colonel of the Ninth regiment, United States infantry, during the Mexican war. He possessed the friendship" of Gen.
Grant, whom he befriended in the Mexican war, and during that "president's administration he was tendered the collectorship of the port of Mobile, which he declined. By this marriage Gen. and Mrs. Thomas have four children: Eloise W., wife of J. D. Erwin, of Atlanta; Hattie Huger, John S. and Scylla. The paternal grandfather of Gen. Thomas was James Thomas, a native of Virginia, who settled at Augusta, Ga, in the last century, and served in the patriot army in the war of the revolution. He was presented with a sword by Gen. Nathaniel Greene for gallant conduct and meritorious service. He died near Milledgeville about 1844 at an advanced age.

. U^ILLIAM EARL WOOD, M. D. Among the members of the medical profession at Dalton whose learning and skill have formed the basis of
professional success is Dr. William E. Wood. He is by birth and education a Georgian; and comes from an old and respected line of ancestors whose labors and industry have contributed to the social and industrial development of this state since the early years of this century. Dr. Wood was born in Banks county
on July 8, 1864. His father was James O. Wood, born in Jackson county, Ga. He married Louisa Thomas, daughter of Joel Thomas of Elbert county, a soldier of the war of 1812, in which he fought under Gen. Jackson, and was present and
engaged in the battle of New Orleans. The paternal grandfather of Dr. Wood was Joshua Wood, a native of South Carolina, who settled in Jackson county early in the century. James O. Wood entered the Confederate service at the commencement of the war, enlisting in Marlow's command, and fought during
the war in the army of north Virginia. At the close of the contest he returned to Banks county and engaged in agriculture and merchandising, in an effort to restore his fortune which, together with his home, had been ruined by the war. By his marriage with Louisa Thomas he has five children: Thomas N., deceased; James M., a farmer in Banks county; William E.; Arthur W., also of Banks county; and Belle, wife of John W. Dowdy of Jackson county. Dr. Wood was educated at Harmony Grove high school, where he completed his literary studies. He early desired to enter the medical profession, and with that object in view he commenced the study of medicine under the guidance of Dr. L. G. Hardeman of Harmony Grove. Iti the autumn of 1877 he entered the College of Physicians and Surgeons in New York city, and at this' celebrated institution he diligently pursued his studies during the years 1887-88-89. Later he attended the medical department of the university of Georgia, Augusta, and was graduated therefrom 1890. Being well equipped for the practice of his profession he settled at Monroe, Ga., where he remained three years and enjoyed a successful practice. In 1893 he settled in Dalton, where he continues in the practice of medicine and surgery, and ranks high in his profession. Dr. Wood makes a specialty of the diseases of women and children; and justly enjoys the confidence and esteem of the people of Dalton. He is an ardent student and a painstaking worker in the profession to which he has devoted his life, and for which nature and his superior medical education have so eminently fitted him. Few physicians of his years have been

WILCOX COUNTY SKETCHES.

1047

or are so thoroughly equipped for the important responsibilities attached
to the practice of medicine and surgery. In November, 1892, Dr. Wood was married to Miss Iranora, daughter of Nathaniel Frantz of Clear Spring, Md., and to them one child has been born--Iranora. Dr. Wood is a master Mason, a member of the Georgia Medical association, and of the American Medical asso ciation.

WILCOX COUNTY.
J OHN C. AUSLEY, planter and turpentine farmer, Pitts, Wilcox Co., Ga., is the son of Merritt Ausley, deceased, and was born in Robinson county, N. C.,
Dec. 2, 1848. His opportunities for a good education were very limited, but having been endowed with more than the ordinary amount of good hard sense and a natural bent for business, he has by right use of his talents, won his way to success. From the close of the civil war until he left his native state he was engaged in the manufacture of naval stores. He came to Georgia in 1887 and located in Wilcox county. One of the most enterprising citizens of the county, he runs three turpentine stills, and is also extensively engaged in fanning. He belongs to the masonic fraternity. He was joined in marriage in 1875 to Miss Mary McCaskill of South Carolina. Three sons and one daughter constitute their flock: Thomas Alien, seventeen years of age, and a graduate of a business college at Atlanta; Charles Merritt, fifteen years; Nannie Gertrude, thirteen years of age, and Calvin K. C., ten years of age. Mr. Ausley is one of the solid men of his county and deserves the success which his energy and business ability have brought him.
nR. DUNCAN F. M'CRIMMON, physician and surgeon,. Rochelle, Wilcox Co., Ga. The grandparents of this gentleman were of Scotch descent, an
earlier member of the family having migrated from Scotland to North Carolina. Braving the ills and discomforts attendant on pioneer life, they emigrated to Georgia, being among the earliest settlers of the state. These members of the family were marked by that strong individuality so often found in pioneer settlers of the states of America. The father of Dr. McCrimmon was a farmer by occupa tion, and was held in high regard by the people of his county, who honored him by several terms in both branches of the legislature, where he performed the duties devolving upon him most faithfully. Dr. Duncan F. McCrimmon is a native of Montgomery county, Ga., and was born May 15, 1837. After receiving a common English education in 1859 he entered the Atlanta Medical college as a student of medicine. He finished one course and then spent a year at the Oglethorpe Medical college at Savannah, where he was graduated in 1860. After leaving school he located on House creek in Wilcox county. In 1862, entering the Forty-ninth Georgia regiment, he was detailed as physician for the counties of Wilcox and Irwin. In this capacity he served during the war, and remained at House Creek, where he had a very large practice, until 1890, when he removed to Rochelle. He was married in 1864 to Miss Rebecca Wilcox, a daughter of Capt. T. L. Wilcox. To them have been born the following children: Charles L., railroad contractor, in Florida; Louis B., farmer; Hattie, wife of E. L. Revere, Rochelle; Duncan, Julia and Sallie, at home. Dr. McCrimmon was a member

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MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

of the constitutional convention of 1877. In 1892 he was chosen by the people
of his county to represent them in the general assembly, and while serving in that body was a member of the following committees: Agriculture, hygiene and sanitary, lunatic asylum and penitentiary. He is a member of Rochelle lodge,
F. and A. M., Xo. 270, and of the Hawkinsville chapter. Prominent in politics/
and a most successful physician, he stands among the foremost people of the place in which he lives.

JON. THOMAS L. HOLTOX, judge of the county court of Wilcox county, Abbeville, Ga., and a lawyer of excellent practice and ability, graduated from
the state university of Georgia, law department, in 1889, since which time he has
been actively engaged at Abbeville. His father, John R. Holton, was a farmer by occupation, and died in 1874. Thomas L. Holton was born Jan. 9, 1867, in AppUng county, Ga. Like many of our leading professional men, he passed his boyhood on the farm, receiving the ordinary common school education. He entered the university in 1888 and graduated, with honor the following year as
stated above. Six years of faithful and painstaking service at the bar have placed Judge Holton in the front rank of his profession. He was appointed judge of
the county court Oct. I, 1893, and holds the office acceptably to both clients and attorneys. Judge Holton took something better than a diploma from Athens, Ga, having carried away one of her fairest daughters, Miss Ida Haudrup. Their nuptials were celebrated in October following his graduation, since which time two lovely children have come to brighten their home: Winnie was born Dec. 22, 1891, and William Cecil, born Nov. 13, 1893. Judge Holton is a stanch
democrat

r\R. JOSEPH D. MAYNARD, physician and surgeon, Abbeville, Wilcox Co., Gi, was born in Jones county, Ga., Dec. 26, 1856. He is the son of Sanford
B. Maynard, who was a native of Edgeneld district, S. C., whence he moved to Georgia. By occupation a planter, and a most successful one, highly esteemed and kindly regarded in the county where he lived, he died in 1868. Dr. Maynard was educated at Tremble institute, Winchester, Tenn. In 1882 he matriculated at Atlanta Medical college and was graduated in 1883. He was enabled to do this by reason of having read medicine for several years previously under a pre ceptor. He then supplemented his course in the Atlanta college with a short one at Vanderbilt university, Nashville, Tenn., and then entered actively on the practice of his profession at Tallapoosa, Ga. After one year he removed to Abbeville, where he has since resided. When he removed to Wilcox county there were only three physicians within its limits, making a large territory to be covered by each. On April n, 1883, he was united in marriage to Miss Lillie May, daughter of William M. Shephard, at that time a resident of Atlanta, subsequently moved to Savannah. Dr. and Mrs. Maynard are the parents of two very bright and beautiful little girls, the elder of whom, Lillie May, is eight, and the younger, Jessie Myrtle, six years of age. Dr. Maynard is a blue lodge Mason, and exemplifies in his life the teachings of that noble fraternity. He is promi nently identified with the railroad interests of his section, being surgeon for the Savannah, Americus & Montgomery railway, of which he is a director; and
projector and president of the Waycross & Abbeville railway.

I EWIS F. XANCE, a county commissioner and prominent citizen of Rochelle,
Wilcox Co., Ga., was born in Robeson county^N. C, Dec. 29, 1846, the son of Joshua Nance, deceased in 1873. The latter was a man of fine influence in his

WILCOX COUNTY SKETCHES.

1049

county, a member of the legislature, and county commissioner for years prior to
his death. Lewis F. Nance was hardly of proper age to do much service in the late war, but he gave all he had, and that was himself. While a member of the Seventh battalion of junior reserves, stationed at Fort Fisher, he was captured by the enemy on Christmas day, 1864, and spent the remaining days of the war
in a Yankee prison. Agriculture had been his occupation in North Carolina until 1882, and since in Wilcox county, Ga. He has a good six-horse farm, and also operates a two-still turpentine farm. Mr. Nance is a gentleman who has always commanded the respect of his fellow-citizens, and does his duty patriotically in filling important offices, which, while the pay is only the consciousness of duty well-done, must be held by men of standing and integrity to insure good local
government He married in North Carolina Miss Rebecca, daughter of Henry and Matilda Howell, and has reared a family of six children, of whom he is justly proud, as follows: William O., aged twenty-four, married to Miss Claudia Jack son of Dooly county, Ga.; Ella E., aged twenty; Julius A., aged eighteen; Almon
J., aged fifteen; Mary A., aged twelve; and James F., aged ten years.

HON. DAVID B. NICHOLSON, solicitor of the county court of Wilcox county, postoffice Rochelle, Ga., and a lawyer of superior ability, is a native of
North Carolina, in which state, Duplin county, he was born Sept 19, 1853. His father was the late Rev. David B. Nicholson of the Methodist Episcopal church, south, who was for years one of the most gifted divines in the North Carolina conference. Mr. Nicholson is a college-bred man, having graduated at that justly celebrated school, Trinity college, N. C., in 1875. The early part of his career was spent in the school rooms of his native state, where he occupied good positions, for two years being a teacher in the academic department in the Clinton Female institute. Concluding to enter the legal profession he began reading in 1880 under the preceptorship of Col. William A. Alien of Kenansville, N. C., and was there admitted to the bar. He remained at Clinton until March of 1893, when he concluded to become a Georgian, and is now, as stated, a member of the bar of Wilcox county, where he expects to pass the remainder of his days. Mr. Nicholson was a man of considerable prominence in North Carolina, where he was esteemed for his rare qualities of head and heart In 1881 he represented Duplin county in the lower house of the legislature, and in 1887-88-89 was reading clerk of the senate. In 1891-92-93 he was assistant chief clerk of the house. Soon after coming to Georgia he was appointed solicitor of the county by Gov. Northen and at the next session of the general assembly the appointment was confirmed. He is a fine judge of law and formidable opponent before a jury. The thorough manner in which he has taken up his work in the home of his adoption augurs well for his future success. Mr. Nicholson was happily married in Sampson county, N. C., in 1876, to Miss Katie Powell, and is the father of five sons and one daughter: Luke P., Justin L., Edwin F., Mary Z. and David B., Jr., and
James M. Nicholson.
JOHN F. POWELL, physician and surgeon, Kramer, Wilcox Co., Ga., is one of the younger physicians of the county, and is a native of one of the most beauti
ful cities of the south, having been born in Atlanta, Ga., April 14, 1859. His father, Frank E. Powell, was a very skillful mechanic of that city, a machinist. He was a master of his trade, a kind and indulgent father, and an intelligent gentle man. He died in 1864. Dr. Powell received a good grammar school education in the excellent schools of his native city, sufficient for him to enter one of the professions. He chose that of medicine, and with that end in view he entered

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MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

the Southern Medical college in 1884. Two years later he graduated from this institution with honor. He then spent a short period in Atlanta, after which he went to Gresston, and took charge of the medical department of the Gress Lumber
company's camps. For nearly four years he remained here, until the camps were removed to Kramer, when he began practice there. He was appointed
physician to the state wards here, and fills the position most faithfully at all times.
Dr. Powell was the first physician to separate the white convicts from the black, and his camp had them separated long before the law prohibiting their con finement together was enacted. In 1887, at Eastman, Miss Lula F. Sapp became
his wife. She is the granddaughter of Dr. David Sapp of that place, and a niece
of Dr. Buchan, late representative of Dodge county. To this marriage have been
born two children--both boys, and of the sturdiest kind--the elder born in 1891 and the younger a child of seven months, named respectively John and Charles F.
A member of the Medical association, and a physician of much sound sense and practical knowledge, he is one of the few to merit the good will and kind regard
of friends, neighbors and patrons. He ranks high as a surgeon and enjoys a large
practice in both branches in the country surrounding Kramer.

ADOLPHUS A. F. REID, Abbeville, Wilcox Co., Ga., is the son of Jesse Reid,
and is a native of Brunswick county, Va., where he was born June 16, 1816. Jesse Reid was a soldier in the war of 1812, and also held various civil offices of
trust; was a member of the Virginia legislature for twenty-two consecutive years. He moved to Oglethorpe, Ga., in 1839, where he died in 1861, at the advanced age
of eighty-six years. His son, Maj. Reid, was educated under Henry A. Dwight, a nephew of the celebrated divine of that name. He engaged in farming and
milling on attaining manhood and was instrumental in founding the now flourish
ing town of Abbeville. Maj. Reid entered the army as captain of a company of
state troops, and was afterward promoted to the rank of major, in which capacity he served during the siege of Atlanta. As a personal friend of the president of
the Confederacy, he was honored by being in a position to aid Mr. Davis and his party in their attempted escape through this section of the state. Since the war he has been engaged in merchandising and farming at Abbeville. Of his mar
riage in 1863 to Miss Mary A. Stubbs, of Bibb county, Ga., a cousin of CoL Stubbs, who attained prominence in the late war, five of the children born are living. One of them married Dr. Royal, of Abbeville, and another is the wife of Edward Williams, a prominent lawyer of the same place. Maj. Reid holds a warm place
in the hearts of the citizens of Wilcox county.

ALFRED R. ROYAL, Abbeville, Wilcox Co., Ga. The gentleman who is here
mentioned is one of Abbeville's most trusted physicians. He conies from Worth county, where he was born Jan. II, 1856, and where his parents still reside, his father, John P. Royal, being a planter in that county. Dr. Royal
located in Abbeville in 1888, where he immediately fell into popular favor. Previous to his coming he had spent six years at Crisp, Irwin Co., Ga., where he had a large practice and an influential following. The year prior to his location
in Irwin county he had spent in Dooly county, where he made his initial effort, having graduated in 1883, after a two years' course in the medical school of
Atlanta. Dr. Royal is also a graduate of that celebrated post-graduate school, the New York Polyclinic, having taken a course there in 1887. At this time he gave especial attention to surgery, and now enjoys the reputation of being the
leader in that branch of medical jurisprudence in Wilcox county. Besides en gaging actively in the practice, Dr. Royal for several years carried on a .drug

WILCOX COUNTY SKETCHES.

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business, but the outside demands on his time became so urgent he found it
necessary in 1893 to dispose of it As a physician Dr. Royal is peculiarly skilled in his diagnosis of cases, seldom failing to locate the seat of the disease. He is
frequently in demand as consulting physician, evidencing the confidence reposed
in him by his fellow craftsmen. Twice has Dr. Royal entered the matrimonial slate. A niece of Gen. Eli Warren, Miss Martha R. Shinholser, became his first
wife, Nov. 16,1882. Her death occurred Jan. 24, 1885, leaving one son, Warren,
born Jan. 7, 1885. Miss Anna Reid, a daughter of Maj. A. A. F. Reid, of Abbe ville, became his second wife, Jan. 6, 1887. A daughter, Rebecca, was born to her
April i, 1888; Alfred R., Jr., and Edward H., born Sept 30, 1892. Death again removed the wife and mother in October, 1892. Dr. Royal is a Free and Accepted Mason, Abbeville lodge No. 272, and a chapter Mason. He is also a Knight of Honor, being past dictator of that order.

C H. WILLIAMS, attorney-at-law, Abbeville, Wilcox Co., Ga., is the eldest of * six children born to Dr. Charles Williams, who was a physician of George
town, S. G, and who died in 1863. Edward Herbert was born April 19, 1854. Although the school period of his life was interrupted by the war and the dis
turbed condition of affairs immediately following that event, he succeeded in
securing an academic education. Choosing the law for a profession he began its study under Richard Dozier, Esq., and subsequently with Joseph H. Earl, attorney-general of the state. He was admitted to the bar in his native state, and
practiced at Lake City and Kingstreet until 1887, when he located at Abbeville
Prior to and since his admission to the bar Mr. Williams taught school in several different states. Since his coming to Abbeville he has made an earnest and patriotic citizen, serving as mayor of the town, and increasing the membership
of the Abbeville guards, of which excellent military organization he is now captain.
In 1892 Mr. Williams became a member by marriage of an influential Abbeville family, being happily wedded to Miss Laura, daughter of Maj. A. A. F. Reid. Two beautiful children are inmates of their home: Belle Reid and Martha LoveL The character of Mr. Williams' citizenship has been such since his location in Abbeville as to cause the inhabitants of that bailiwick to feel indebted to his native
state. Georgia needs such timber.

DOSSER ADAMS WILSON, saw-mill proprietor, Reidsfield, Wilcox Co., Ga., was born at Eatonton, one of the most beautiful and aristocratic towns of
central Georgia, Aug. 3, 1859. His father, William A. Wilson, is an eminently successful teacher, having had charge of the Eatonton high school for a number of years, and from there was called to the presidency of Furlow Female college at Americus, Ga. He was a soldier of the late war and was captain of a company in a Georgia regiment. The people of Sumter county have honored him with their suffrages at several different times as their representative and he is now president pro tern, of the state senate. Mr. Wilson received a good academic education and has made practical use of it in the mercantile and saw-milling business. Prior to 1891 he was located at Leslie, Ga., whence he moved to Reidsfield, on the A. & W., in Wilcox county, where he is at present engaged in
business. As a business man he has been very successful; his methods being such as to keep him entirely unencumbered--something somewhat unique among country merchants. In June, 1878, Mr. Wilson consummated a marriage with Miss Cora B., daughter of J. W. Bailey, a successful and prosperous planter of Sumter county. His talent for business and his decision of character have given him a position of influence in the county of his adoption, which he uses with rare
judgment

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MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

WILKINSON COUNTY.
p RAXKLIX A. CAXXOX, Stephensville, Wilkinson Co.. Ga., son of James and Leah West (nee Stanley) Cannon, was born in Wilkinson county, Sept.
16, 1842. His paternal grandfather, Xathaniel Cannon, was born in South Carolina in 1760, was a farmer, and married Miss Frances Sumner. The latter part of the last century he came to Georgia with his family and settled in what is now Wilkinson county, where himself and his children acquired a great deal of land, became very prominent, and were classed among the most solid and best citizens in the community. He died April 8, 1844, aged eighty-four years, and his widow died Jan. i, 1850. Mr. Cannon's father was born March 5, 1809, in Wilkinson county, and followed farming all his life. By his marriage with Mrs. West he had the following children: Hardy; William, Company F, Third Georgia regiment, killed at Manassas; Mary F., widow of H. M. Green; Benjamin F., Company F, Third Georgia regiment, killed near Richmond, July 18, 1862; Nancy A., deceased; Edward B., Company F, Third Georgia regiment, killed at Gettysburg; Winniford, widow of James A. Sheffield; Franklin Alien, the subject of this sketch; Leah M.; Rachel A., deceased; Lucretia J., wife of R. J. Stuckey; Joseph M., deceased; Elsie, wife of N. Perry, and George W. Mrs. Cannon was twice married, and by her first marriage to Joshua West she had two children: James Stanley, born in 1827, and Frances E., widow of James Helton, born March I Si 1830. Mr. and Mrs. Cannon were both very devoted members of the Primitive Baptist church. Mr. Cannon died June 13, 1857; Mrs. Cannon, who was born Feb. 25, 1810, in Jones county, N. C., died July 20, 1874. Mr. Franklin A. Cannon was reared on the farm, and received a fairly good education. In June, 1862, he enlisted in Company F, Third Georgia regiment, and at the battle of Malvern Hill received a gun-shot wound from which he was disabled, and was discharged at Orange Court House, Aug. 12, 1863. On his return from the army he taught school, then attended Emory college, Oxford, a year, and also Oglethorpe university a year. He taught first in 1866, and has taught school more or less ever since. He taught in Twiggs county and adjoining counties nine or ten years. Himself and his youngest brother, George W., born Oct. 3, 1853, own about 1,400 acres of excellent land, where they with three sisters and a niece are living, enjoying the fruits of their labor and the soil, unembittered by any jealousies. Nathaniel Cannon, soon after settling in Wilkinson county, donated the land where "Old Sandy church" was built Of this congregation he remained a member until the year 1836, when the church separated into two factions known as Missionary and Primitive Baptists. He went with the Primi tives and donated the land that Mount Olive church was built on, and remained a devoted member of that church until his death. He was interred in the ceme tery at "Old Sandy," where all of the deceased of the Cannon family have been buried, except those who sleep beneath Virginia's soil. Nathaniel and Frances Cannon had four sons: Miles, Alien, Wiley and James. Miles married Miss Isler and had seven sons and one daughter. Four of these sons were killed in the late war: Nathaniel, Nathan, Wiley and David. John G. and Miles J. are yet living in Wilkinson and Laurens counties, are engaged in farming, ana each has a family. William married and moved to Louisiana about the year 1858, and the only daughter, Nancy J., widow of Wiley Bender, resides in Laurens county. Alien married Mrs. Rigbee and had two sons and four daughters: Iverson, William F., Lucretia, Fannie, Phoebe and Jane. Iverson was tax collector of

WILKINSON COUNTY SKETCHES.

IOS3

Wilkinson county at the time of his death, about 1858, and left a widow but no children. William F., Company F, Third Georgia regiment, received a gun-shot wound while engaged on the battlefield at the Wilderness, which caused his right arm to be amputated. He married before the war closed, and engaged in farming, and merchandising near Toombsboro, Ga. He was successful and accumulated a large property, was elected sheriff, then ordinary of Wilkinson county, and these offices he filled with efficiency and honor. He then engaged in a wholesale mercantile business in Macon, Ga., where himself and family enjoy the fruits of his large farm near Toombsboro. Lucretia became the wife of Wiley Fordham, deceased; Phoebe, wife of James Pierce, deceased; Fannie, widow of Thomas Dixon, resides in Wilkinson county, and Jane, wife of Joel Lofton, lives in Florida. Wiley Cannon settled in Wilkinson county, remained a few years, then moved to Sumter county. Nathaniel and Frances Cannon had four daughters: Didema, Keziah, Joicie and Lizzie. By Didema's marriage with Nathaniel Mason she had three sons: James A., captain Company F, Third Georgia regiment; Nathaniel E. (both are substantial farmers residing in Wilkinson county); John, deceased. She also has six daughters by that marriage. By Didema's second marriage with Geo. Brack there were born three sons: Miles, Eli and Franklin, and two daughters, Elizabeth and Dorinda. These settled in Wilkinson county. Keziah married a Mr. Turner, who moved to Randolph county; Joicie married George Harrison and had one child, Elizabeth, and is deceased; Lizzie married Nathan Bowen, had one child, William, and is now deceased. James Stanley West, son of Mrs. James Cannon, married Elizabeth J. Harrison, whose mother was Joicie Cannon, in the year 1850. He moved to Appling county, Ga., where he lived until 1859; *n tne latter part of that year he settled in Texas, where he has reared a large and very interesting family

AX/ILLIAM DICKSON, deceased, once a much-respected and prominent citizen of Wilkinson county, was born in Hancock county, Ga., in 1814. His
father, Thomas Dickson, came to Wilkinson county when he was a small boy, and died soon after attaining to manhood and his marriage. Mr. Dickson re ceived as good an education as the schools of the time and locality afforded, and when grown engaged in farming. He was married in 1844 to Miss Frances, born in Georgia, daughter of Joseph and Sennia (Mitchell) Paine. The two families-- the Paines and the Mitchells--came nearly the same time, about 1800, from North Carolina to Georgia, and settled in Hancock and what is now Wilkinson county, where both accumulated property and became prominent There were no oak trees, the growth being pine and wild oats. After his marriage Mr. Dickson settled down to quiet farm life, and was content with his employment and its profits, his family are esteemed and loved for their unostentatious neighborly kindness and piety. They raised two children: Mollie, wife of Hansford A. Hall, and John Alien, sketches of both of whom will be found in these Memoirs. Mr. Dickson was an ardent master Mason, and died in 1874. His venerable widow, a devout and devoted member of the Methodist church, is yet living, a benediction to the little family circle of which she is a member.
JOHN ALLEN DICKSON, farmer, Toombsboro, Wilkinson Co., Ga., son of William and Frances (Paine) Dickson, was born in Wilkinson county Jan. i,
1847. His boyhood was spent at the homestead, and he received a fairly good edu cation at the common schools of the county. Early in 1863, when only sixteen years old, he enlisted in Company F, Second regiment of state troops--familiarly called "Joe Brown's pets"--faithfully performing such service as was assigned to him. On June 22, 1864, Stephens' brigade, of which his command was a part,

1054

MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

was sent to the front, and in an engagement on the Powder Springs road near Marietta he was shot through the hip. Soon afterward bis father came for him and took him home. Twenty-three pieces of bone were taken from the wound, from
the effects of which he was confined to his bed and lay on his back four months. He did not re-enter the service; but as soon as he was able he went to school for a year, and then engaged in farming, which he has since followed with exception ally favorable results. He owns nearly 2,000 acres of very fine land, on which he has a large and well improved plantation, running fourteen plows. He is a model farmer and manager, and is one of the really solid and substantial citizens of Wilkinson county. Mr. Dickson was married March 2, 1869, to Sarah M., daughter of James and Elizabeth (Sutton) WrighL Mr. Wright was a native of Wilkinson county, and was a thrifty, money-making man, acquired considerable property, and became quite prominent The Suttons were from North Carolina, coming to Georgia early in life. Mr. Wright died in October, 1852, and his widow died Jan. 26, 1894, aged eighty-one years. Both of them were consistent mem bers of the Baptist church. To Mr. and Mrs. Dickson eight children have been born: Elizabeth, wife of B. J. Brown; William I., James R., John David, Grover C., ilary C, and Leonard A. Mr. and Mrs. Dickson worship at the Baptist church.

ILLIAM ALFRED HALL, planter, Red Level, Wilkinson Co., Ga., son of
William Anderson and Edna (Paulk) Hall, was born in Wilkinson county
in 1838. His paternal grandfather, Isaac Hall, was one of the earliest settlers of what is now Wilkinson county, and a near relative of Dr. Lyman Hall, one of the Georgia signers of the Declaration of Independence, for whom Hall county was named. He was a soldier in the war of 1812. Mr. Hall's father was born in Wilkinson county Nov. 3, 1811; was for many years a justice of the peace, was a justice of the inferior court, and a member of the board of county commissioners. He was a man of limited means, made annually about fifty bales of cotton, and was of unusual kindly and benevolent disposition. During the war he was detailed to look after the comforts and necessities of soldiers' families. He was also recog nized as a man of marked ability, discharging every public duty with conscien
tious fidelity and excellent judgment He was a democrat, and himself and wife were members of the Methodist church. He died July 12,1892, and his wife, born Jan. i, 1816, died Sept 10, 1885. Mr. Hall's mother's father, Paulk, was a descendant of the early settlers of Georgia. Their children were: Mansel M., Company F, Third Georgia regiment, killed at Petersburg; William A., the sub ject of this sketch; Hansford A., farmer, Wilkinson county; Mary M., deceased; Isaac O., wounded at Atlanta, and died as the result of the amputation of his leg; and Luther A., lawyer, was with the Second regiment, Georgia state troops. Mr. Hall grew to manhood on the old homestead and received only limited educational advantages, to which he added afterward. In 1861 he enlisted in Company D, Fifty-seventh Georgia regiment. He was with the forces at Vicksburg, where he spent forty-eight days and nights in the trenches. He remained with the army until the close of the war, and surrendered at Greensboro, N. C. Returning home he directed his attention to his extensive planting interests, which he has managed with exceptional skill and pecuniary success. He is progressive in his views and practice, and fully alive to all movements promising the material, educational and religious advancement of the county. He has been a member of the board of education six years, and of the board of commissioners five years. Mr. Hall was married in 1868 to Miss M. Vanlandingham, daughter of William and Elizabeth (Dean) Vanlandingham. He was of German extraction, the family having emi-

WORTH COUNTY SKETCHES.

IOS5

grated to Georgia about the dose of the last century. This union has been blessed with eight children: Cora ., Max E., Flora L., Ira, Emma R., Alma, John M., and Ethel, all at home, forming an attractive and interesting family circle. He
is a master Mason, and himself and wife are prominent members of the Methodist church, of which he is a steward and trustee.

UANSFORD A. HALL, farmer, Toombsboro, Wilkinsqn Co., Ga., was born in May, 1844. He was raised on the farm and educated at the near-by country
schools. He taught school in 1861, and the next year enlisted in Company A, Capt (afterward colonel) S. T. Player, Forty-ninth Georgia regiment With his command he was in many of the bloodiest and most stubbornly contested battles of the war, and innumerable skirmishes. He was a participant in the seven days' fight around Richmond, and was severely wounded at Gettysburg, while lying on the ground and supporting a battery. He was carried to the field hospital, and at the end of three months reported for duty. At the battle of the Wilderness he was wounded in the right hip, which knocked it out of shape, and from the wound
quite a number of pieces of bone were extracted. The ball is still in his body. After remaining a while in the hospital he came home on a furlough from time to time reported to the board at Macon, and was finally placed on the retired list
As soon as he was able he engaged in farming, and has followed it since as a life-pursuit. He is one of the largest farmers in the county, and is generally regarded as one of the best He owns now 4,500 acres of splendid land, after
having given 1,100 acres to his son; and his farm is said to be one of the best improved and best equipped of any for miles around. He has made nearly all he has and has displayed superior fanning ability and business management He has served the people as justice of the peace and also as county commissioner.
Mr. Hall was married in the fall of 1864 to Mary E., daughter of William and Frances (Paine) Dickson, and to them two children have been born: Willie A., born in November, 1865, a successful fanner near Irwinton, Wilkinson Co., and Isaac Oliver, born in January, 1875, at home. Mr. and Mrs. Hall and all the family are active members of the Methodist church, of which he is a steward and
trustee.

WORTH COUNTY.
ILLIAM A. AARON, attorney-at-law, Ashburn, Worth Co., Ga., is one of the bright young men from north Georgia who have gone into the piney woods of the southern part of the state, carrying his home vim and determination with him. He is of Jewish descent, his father having emigrated to the United States from Germany in boyhood. He followed merchandising successfully and located in Newnan, Ga., where he was esteemed for his business ability. He fell at the hands of a band of outlaws which terrorized that vicinity in 1877. William A. Aaron was born Sept. 24, 1869, in Johnson county, Ga., and received his edu cation in the schools of Sandersville and Statesboro. Before deciding on the law for a profession he tried a mercantile life and also gave school teaching a trial; but concluding that the law was a better field, he began its study in 1890 at States boro under that prince of lawyers, Col. H. T. Strange. After his admission he spent a year in Statesboro, then came to Ashburn. He is making a specialty, as much as is possible in a small town, of criminal law, and in representing minor

1056

MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

heirs' in unclaimed lands. Mr. Aaron is yet young in the profession, but has already established a reputation which augurs well for his future. He is one of the wheel horses of democracy in his section and delights in doing anything that will advance the interests of his party. He was happily married in June, 1893, in Effingham county, Ga., to Noral L. Futtrell, whose attractiveness and bright social qualities make her a most lovable friend and neighbor.

QOLUMBUS A. ALFORD, saw-mill proprietor, Willingham, Worth Co., Ga.,
is a man of affairs in the county, where for the past twenty-two years he has been actively and successfully engaged in developing her wonderful lumber re
sources. His large saw-mill plant at Willingham supplies an extensive foreign and coast-wise trade, and under the management of Mr. Alford has placed its owner in comparatively easy circumstances. Mr. Alford's parents resided in Wake county, N. C, at the time of his birth, Feb. 6, 1850, where his father was a suc
cessful planter, lumberman and manufacturer of naval stores for a period of years
--up to the time of his death in 1878. The son was given a good academic edu cation and in 1871 came to Worth county, Ga., where he engaged in the manu facture of naval stores at Sumner for twelve years, thence removing to Willingham. During his residence in Worth county Mr. Alford has found time from business
cares to take an active and influential part in the public life of the county, having served on the board of commissioners several years, and on the board of educa
tion, of which body he is now a member. In 1888, in appreciation of his services to the democratic party, and in recognition of his ability and worth as exemplified in his private affairs, he was nominated and elected to the state senate from the tenth district He served in the two following sessions with credit to himself and satisfaction to his constituents. He is a member of Worth lodge No. 194, A. F. and A. M., and of Warrior lodge of. the Knights of Honor. Mr. Alford
has been twice married, and is the father of seven children, his first wife having been Martha A. Sumner, of Sumner, Ga., who died in 1881, leaving two chil dren: Beulah B. and Grace F. His second and present estimable wife was Jennie El, daughter of Benjamin Johnston, of Americus, Ga., who has borne him five children: Mattie B., Bennie L., Frankie E., Columbus A. and Earl J.

IOHN W. EVANS is a member of the well-known firm of J. S. Betts & Co, which operates one of the most extensive milling plants in southern Georgia,
at Ashburn, Worth Co. His father, Sterling G. Evans, was a planter of Hancock count}', who died in 1876, after a long and useful life. John W. Evans was born in Hancock county Sept 27, 1844, and was educated at old Mt Zion academy
under the early teaching of ex-Gov. W. J. Northen. The great civil war began just as Mr. Evans was of that age when the fires of youth burn brightest, and
the early days of the year 1861 found him a soldier in the Fifteenth Georgia regiment He afterward became a member of the Ninth Georgia regiment, in which he served to the close of the war. Farming occupied his attention after the war iill 1879, when he accepted the position of cashier in the banking house of
Lewis Leonard & Co., at Hawkinsville, in which position he served with satis faction till 1886. He then severed his connection with that institution to engage in the lumber business, which was offering great attractions along the E. T., Va. & Ga. railroad. Locating at Dempsey, Dodge Co., he operated successfully until 1888, being a member of the present firm. Mr. Evans was married in 1872 to Miss Ella, daughter of James Bohannon, one of Dodge county's most progressive
and extensive planters, and they have had six children born to them, three sons and

WORTH COUNTY SKETCHES.

1057

three daughters. His two oldest sons, George S. and John L. B., are already members of the same firm, though hardly of legal age. He is a man of fine business ability and of excellent social qualities, and deserves the success he has attained.

JAMES^ICHOLAS REDLEY, physician and druggist, of Warwick, Worth Co., Ga., is living in the county of his nativity, where he was born Nov. 10, 1850.
His father, David Redley, was a prosperous planter, and for many years was one of Worth county's best citizens. He died in 1887. Dr. Redley began the study of his profession in 1870 with Dr. T. W. Tyson, of Worth county, after having laid a good foundation in the common schools. In 1874 he matriculated at the Louis ville Medical college, where he took two courses of lectures. In 1879 he entered the Atlanta Medical college, from which he was graduated with honor the follow ing year. Locating at Warwick, he has spent the years since then in attending to the Uls of a large clientele of patrons. As a physician Dr. Redley is of the highest rating, his practice being among the best citizens of his community. Socially he and his interesting family occupy a leading position, and enjoy the regard of the whole country-side. The doctor affiliates with the masonic fraternity, and has filled nearly every office in the gift of the members of Fort Early lodge No. 226. Dr. Redley lost the mother of his two eldest children in 1887, Miss Annie B., daughter of J. M. Rouse, whom he married in 1880. He married his present estimable wife, Miss Sallie Rouse, in 1892, she being a sister of his former wife. To her has been born one child. The names of his children are: James Nicholas, born June 5, 1882; Minnie Pearl, born March 4, 1884, and Ruth, born April 15, 1893.
L. SIKES, physician, druggist and extensive planter, Sumner, Worth Co., Ga., son of Eli and Charlotte (Burch) Sikes, was born in Dooly county, Ga., Jan. 31, 1851. His parents were Georgia born, his father being a small farmer. His boyhood days were passed during the late war, in consequence of which his educational advantages were limited, and good teachers being scarce what education he did receive was defective. The first money he made was when a boy twelve years old he made wire-grass hats. He became quite an expert, the demand became very large, and he accumulated quite" a sum of money--for a boy of his summers--but it all went w_ith the Confederacy. When eighteen years of age he commenced farming for himself; but at the end of two years accepted a situation as a teacher in a public school. Inspired by an ambition for a different field of labor and usefulness, and a predilection for the profession of medicine he commenced its study. He taught school two years, pursued his medical studies awhile and in 1874 attended lectures in Louisville at the Kentucky Medical college, and in 1879 matriculated at Atlanta Medical college, from which he graduated with honor the same year. He located at Isabella, the county seat of
Worth county, where he successfully practiced until 1885, when he moved to Sumner, and in addition to his practice established a drug store. Not satisfied with what he knew, notwithstanding his flattering success, and ambitious of
higher professional attainments, he went to New York in 1889 and attended a post-graduate course at the celebrated Polyclinic school in that city. He -then returned to Sumner, where he has since remained. He is one of the leading physicians of his section of the state, and enjoys a practice limited only by his powers of endurance. He ranks high with the profession for ability and skilt In addition to his extensive practice and his drug store he conducts a large farm with marked success and profit; in fact, aided by the advice and intelligent co operation of his wife, he has become one of the largest planters in Worth county.

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MEMOIRS OF GEORGIA.

As school commissioner of the county Dr. Sikes gives zealous attention to educa tional advancement, in which he takes great interest. Public-spirited and progressive, he is active in all matters promotive of the development of the county's resources; financially he is one of its solidest and most substantial citizens, and socially ranks with the most select Dr. Sikes was married Sept 14, 1880, to Miss Georgia V., daughter of James N. and Catharine Ford, and to them five children have been born: William A., born July 23, 1882; Gussie E., born May 27, 1884; Robert E., born July 18, 1886; Benjamin F., born Sept 10, 1888; and Gladys I., born March 4, 1894. Dr. Sikes is a member of Warrior lodge, Knights of Honor, No. 3463, of which he is guardian and dictator; is a master Mason, and worshipful master of Worth lodge, No. 194, of which he has filled all the subordinate offices. He has been a member of the Baptist church since 1887, of which, the same year, he was elected a deacon.
DENJAMIX J- SLOAN, of the firm of Alford & Sloan of Willingham, Worth Co., was born in Crawford county on May 16, 1851. He is the son of Joseph
A. and Rachel (Jeffcott) Sloan, natives of South Carolina. His father died in 1859, leaving him at the tender age of eight years with only a mother's guiding hands. He early showed signs of that business judgment which has brought him success, and when only a mere boy toddling around the saw-mills, was working for wages, and having acquired a fondness for mechanics has devoted the most of his life to the different branches of mechanical pursuits. Mr. Sloan was educated in the common schools and in 1885 assisted in establishing the present business, which has been conducted since in a most prosperous way. Mr. Sloan was married in 1880 to Miss Mattie A., daughter of B. Johnston. To this union have been born four children: Hugh J., Addie L., Bessie and Marguerite. Mr. and Mrs. Sloan belong to the Methodist Episcopal church, and he is a Mason in high standing. Mr. Sloan is a progressive man with a keen business scent and is watching with much satisfaction the great development of Georgia.

JAMES H. TIPTON, a rising young attorney of Warwick, Worth Co., Ga., is a native of Worth county, born Oct 28, 1872, his father, C. G. Tipton, being
a prominent and successful planter, and for years clerk of the superior court and mayor of Sumner. The son was educated in the high school at Sumner, and in 1893 began the study of law under Col. T. R. Perry, at Sylvester, Ga. He passed a successful and creditable examination April 26, 1894, and immediately located
for the practice of his chosen profession at Warwick, where he is rapidly gaining a foothold. His careful and studious habits, and well-known integrity of char acter, and engaging social qualities augur for him a bright future.

IOSIAH S. AND JOHN H. WESTBERRY comprise the firm of J. S. Westberry & Bro., leading merchants of the town of Sylvester, Worth Co., Ga.
Their father is Milton Westberry, a farmer and miller of the same county. Josiah S. was born Dec. n, 1852, in Appling county, Ga. He received a very limited education on account of the chaotic condition of the country at the time when he should have been in school. He early evinced an aptitude for business, and in 1868 began the manufacture of naval stores in Worth county. This he continued with varying success until 1890, when he, in company with Daniel McGirt started a mercantile business at Polen. The following year he and his brother began the present mercantile business, since which time the firm has remained as above.
Josiah S. married Miss Sarah C. McPhaul, and is the father of four children: Florien, Malcolm, Willie H. and Katie H. He is^a member of Worth lodge, No. 191, A. F. & A. M., and of Jesup chapter. John H. Westberry was born Nov.

WIL.KES COUNTY SKETCHES.

1059

it, 1863, in Wayne county, Ga. He began his business career as a clerk for W. H. McPhaul at Sylvester in 1883, and in 1891 became a member of the present firm. He married Miss Minnie, daughter of T. M. Coram of Worth county, and has two children: Louise L. and Gladys. He is also a member of Worth lodge of Masons, of which he has been senior warden two years, and belongs also to the chapter at Tifton. The Westbeny brothers are regarded as shrewd and careful business men, and are in every sense worthy members of the community in which
they live.

WILKES COUNTY.
I/IMBLE A. WILHEIT, merchant, Washington, Wilkes Co., Ga., son of Thomas T. and Julia C. (Freeland) Wilheit, both parents natives of Anderson
district, S. C., was born in that district, June 4, 1869, the first born of six children. While he was yet quite young his parents moved to Lincolnton, Lincoln Co., Ga., where, until he was fourteen years of age, he attended the schools of the town. His father having died, he had to leave school and begin'the battle of life. Securing a clerkship with Mr. J. A. Benson, of Washington, he remained with him eight years, when himself and Gabriel Toombs Anthony (another clerk of Mr. Benson's) bought Mr. Benson's business and engaged in merchandising under the firm-name of Wilheit & Anthony. Being industrious, of unbending integrity, and possessing the sympathy and unquestioning confidence of the people, they have built up one of the largest businesses in Washington. It is but another illustration of what can be accomplished by pluck and push, coupled with deter mination and well-directed energy. Alone, without money or influential friends, he has thus far successfully worked out life's problem. Mr. Wilheit was happily married Nov. 30, 1893, to Miss Kate Toombs Anthony, daughter of Edwin M. Anthony, Washington, Ga. He is a devoted member of the Methodist church, recognized as a true Christian, "always abounding in the work of the Lord." His Christian life, which it may reasonably be claimed is the foundation of his success, has won friends and applause, and affords an example well worthy of other young men.

t