'Columbus., (ieo..
FROM ITS
Selection as a "Trading Town"
IN
18ST,
TO ITS
Partial Destruction by Wilson's Raid,
IN
18 6 5.
HISTORY--INCIDENT--PERSONALITY.
PART I--1827 TO 1846.
COMPILED BY JOHN H. MARTIN.
.PUBLISHED BY THOS. GILBERT, BOOK PRINTER AND BINDER.
COLUMBUS, GA., 1874.

INTRODUCTIOTSr.
I When the prospectus for this eompilalion \v;is issued, neither the Jfmblisher nor the editor could make any reliable estimate of tile size !of the volume--not a page of it having then been prepared. We soon discovered that it was impossible to crowd into the apace which we at first proposed as a limit, more tbaii half the matter that ought to go I into the work, and as the price at which it mis offered could not Vjustify the furnishing of a volume of double the number of pages f contemplated, we concluded to extend the work and divide it into two 'parts, each covering the space of about nineteen years. The rivst [part is now presented.
The editor is conscious of many defects and deficiencies. These i were unavoidable. The newspaper files, upon which he had mainly to rely, were wholly ini,singv for the ye;n\s 1835 arid 1M">6, and manynnmi-.bers were missing from the files of other early years within our reach. We procured a file of the Maeoii [Georgia] Mexsenger for
he years 1885*~6, whicli enabled us to supply many mcideuts of the -Jreek war. Old citizens assisted us with their recollections, and "hough we could not make up a perfect history of that stirring time irorn these disconnected data, we trust that we have given enough to P, terest and inform most readers, .Of course our chapters i'or these Wo years are deficient in minor loc.uJ, incidents that the papers of the "ity would have furnished had they been accessible.
The editor pleads, also, his pressing and unflagging work upon a flaily newspaper, as an excuse for the lack of a better arry.ng'ement of bhe facts in this publication, as well, as its very plain' style. He can. say, indeed that he bus only had niiatehes of time, to devote "to it. iome old citizens will no doubt be disappointed because it does not -ontain incidents worthy of note within their remembrance. But even
ley might have overlooked Borne incidents equally noteworthy th.it

IV

INTRODUCTION.

arc reported. It wo.nlrl have been impossible for any one person, with the imperfect records at hand, to gather up all the facts deserving mention.
It will be seen that we have not included any living persons In the short personal sketches contained in this part, and we have eiideav* ored to avoid any compliment (however deserving) to persons now living. These brief sketches are not brought up as closely as they should properly have been, hut omissions in this respect will be sup plied in the remainder of the work. Prior to the year J.3S9 we had to rely entirely on the newspapers for records of marriages and deaths, and they are deficient. There are records of marriages in the Ordinary's office, commencing with that year, and we have been kindly permitted to i*se them. But the death roll is still incomplete.
The newspapers for the years over which we have gone devoted little space and paid but little attention to, local affairs--much less than they how do. We have been surprised to find that they often contained but very slight mention, and sometimes none at all, of local questions, which, as we learn from allusions in the proceedings of Council, must have much interested the city and its people. As there was a marked improvement in this respect in the newspapers .of later date, as the tiles are more complete, as well as the written records, we can safely promise that there will be fewer omissions in the second part. That part will also conclude with interesting statistics in ref erence to the factories, churches, &c., at the present time.
With this explanation we submit the first half of our work to the public, hoping that it contains matter that will interest and inform them, with all its imperfections.
THE EDITOK.

ERRATA. wale was not. the smith-west corner of Broad ami Oawibrd streets, aa stated on page. 12, but
\Ve have given two dates for the arrival of the first steamboat--ono'tm th(; authority of the 2iid of February, 1828, was the lime, and the "Stoubenville," ttie bout. Pnslimataha.
Ou page 107. "Philip T. Schulz" should hiive bec.n princcd Philip T. Schley.

COLUMBtTS, OA,
1827.
A "TRADING TOWN'' ESTABLISHED.
The first step towards the establishment of a town on the site on which the-city of Columbus now stands, was taken by the Georgia Legislature of 1827- The act of that year was not one of incorporation. It was entitled "An act to lay out a trading town, and to dispose of all the lands reserved for the use of the State near the Coweta Falls, on the Chattahoochee river, and to name the, same." This act was "assented, to" Dec. 24, (one advertisement says Dec. 22,) 1827. It provided for the appointment by the Governor of five Commissioners to select the most eligible 'site on the reserve (known as the Coweta Reserve, near Coweta Falls on the Chattahoochee,) to appropriate a square or oblong square of twelve hundred acres for the commons and town, which was to be called and known by the name of' CoLusiBUS. They were to. lay out not less than five hundred building lots of half an acre each, aiid"to make a reservation of one square containing ten acres for the public buildings of the county of Muscogec, with the privilege to the covinty of selling "what was not needed for this purpose.
The Commissioners appointed to execute the trust were,
/

6

THE LOCALITY AT THAT TIME.

Ignatius Few, Elias Beall, Philip H. Alston, James Hallam, and E. L. DeGraffenried.
The present site of Columbus was at that time an almost unbroken lowland forest, in some places hardly penetrable through its thick undergrowth, and in others covered by swamps and ponds of water. Where pome of the finest buildings now stand there' were marshes or ponds. From one block north of where the "Perry House" now stands, all south arid east was a muddy swamp, filled with briars and vines and small undergrowth among the large forest trees, so that in many places it was difficult to get through. Upon the present location of the "Perry House," and extending two blocks north, was a pond where wild ducks and geese were often shot. Fish of large size were for some time afterwards caught out of ponds of which no traces now remain. Be tween Oglethorpe street and the river the land was generally high and dry, interspersed with pretty groves of fine shade trees. But east of Oglethorpe street and all south was mostly wet swamp land.
The few houses that had been erected prior to the first sale of lots by the Commissioners were along a road that crossed the river at a ferry near where the Hospital now is. It was a section of the old "Federal Road." Traces of this river crossing may still be seen on the Alabama bank. The hotel was there and three of four stores, whose principal trade was with the Indians. But when the town was laid off and the lots sold, these settlements, being out of town, eventually had to move up within the space laid out into lots. There were but few comfortable houses up to that time--some small log houses, some board houses or tents, and some Indian houses.
At that time there were a number of springs of excellent water running out of the bluff along the river. There were as many as ten or twelve of them from the "City Mills" loca tion down to the wharf, and they afforded plenty of the best water. Gov. Forsyth, who attended the sale of the lota in 1828, preferred to camp out in a beautiful grove just below
the present wharf, and pitched 'hi-s tent beside one of these

SCB.NBBY----INDIANS FISHING, ETC.

7

Fprings. With'the'march of civilizatioil receded the beauties

PS well as the wilclness of ISTature, and these fine springs have

long since ceased their refreshing flow.

The scenery on the bank of the river was .very beautiful,

including some of the finest natural groves/ The river, too,

presented o[uite a different appearance from the muddy Chat-

tahoochee of this time, with its high water-bed extended "by

caving to twice its original extent, its banks on both sides

precipitous and bare, and those on the Alabama side still fall

ing in with every freshet. The waters were clear and rip

pling, and the rock's that presented themselves for some distance above : the steamboat landing or head of navigation

nearly extended a'cross ''the river in places,'with channels'or pools between, froni which nearly all the varieties of fresh

water iish were taken in abundance'/" 'It was interesting and

amusing to see the Indians catching shad in the spring of the year. They used dip-nets, made of 'waho'o bark split up in

small strips. The net was fastened to1 the'ends of two large

canes, about fifteen feet long. They would arrange'them

selves in a row, five to fifteen in number, on the edge of the

place where they wished" 1 to dip. They would then dip their

nets in regular order, one net following right after the other.

When one caught a fish he would throw it out of his net

behind him, and never lose more than one dip. The: whole

party would yell every time there was a fish caught. But the

shad, like the springs,-have long since disappeared from our

river, and some can hardly believe that the"y wetffe ever- caught

here. The clear, fresh water of the Chattanoochee nlilst then have been much more congenial arid 'inviting" to t3aes& dainty

fish than the turbid stream of the present time';" Muddied 'by its passage through hundreds 'of thousands of* ao'fes of* culti

vated ground and polluted by7 the sewerage filth of th&: tGWft.sT

and factories on its banks.

--'' '"'

An old writer describes the natural beauties of the locality

at that time as follows:
"The most fertile imagination could not conceive place more enchanting than this is in reality. Neither is it deficient in the various natural capacities for tb# convenient transaction of business.

8

EARLY COMMERCE.

Standing at the centre, the eye can feast the mind, with contemplating the most delightuj scenery, which raises a thousand romantic and poetic associations. The river on each side is adorned with forest, as beautiful as nature could make it; and the channel is made rugged and firm by the deposit* of immense heaps of solid rock. The rapids _ continue for a great distance, sometimes forcing tlie river down into a narrow channel of great'depth. and inconceivable swiftness. In the course of the descent'of the river through some of these places, the torrent is opposed by rocks of immovable fixture, which throw it up into'mountain Waves, or dash it away in a wide expanse of beautiful white caps, counter currents, and eddies."

NATURAL ADVANTAGES.
It was apparent that these were great, and though the results, that might reasonably have been contemplated have not yet.been fully attained, the causes of the failure or delay are. also evident, and there is good reason to hope that all the anticipations of the past will yet be fully realized, if not by the agencies originally had in view, by others now progres sively at work. The location being at the permanent head of navigation:of a fine boatable stream, on the outskirts of continuous white settlement--with a strip of Indian territory sixty mile* in width separating it from white civilization and commerce in Alabama, and this Indian country one of known fertility and beauty, whose opening to white settlement was only a question of time--there was good reason to anticipate for Columbus :a rapicl growth and far-reaching trade. For some time its trade by wagon and by the river was extensive, reaching from Apalachicola to the section of country now including Heard, Carroll and Fulton counties, and embracing nearly-all the region between the Chattahoochee and Flint rivers. But railroads came from the east westward, and their general effect has been to carry trade to the east. The river trade -has been nearly broken up, and railroads connecting with more eastern cities now traverse nearly all the country from which Columbus formerly derived her distant wagon trade. We may confidently hope for a considerable extension

exactly express the writer's meaning, or the river must then have

MANUFACTUBING APVANTAGES.

9

of trade from railroads now in course of construction^ .which will give MS more direct communication with the:great West;

f

but unquestionably the:, safest reliance of Columbus' for, a steady advance in business and a permanent prosperity are her great advantages for manufacturing. Her princely cotton

I

mills, already finding all over the Union a ready sale fdr-their

superior fabrics, are her "jewels/,' of which she may well be

as proud as the Roman matron of her sons; and when-we

consider that not one-twentieth part of her great water power

is yet appropriated, that she is in the very heart of the cotton

growing region, with superior facilities both for obtaining the

raw material and shipping the fabrics, and that the profits of

the factories now in operation are sufficient to satisfy the

cupidity of the most exacting capitalist, we cannot fail to see

that this is the citadel of our strength--the firm foundation of

a progress and prosperity that will yet realize all the expecta

tions ever indulged concerning Columbus. It is not probable

that the utilization of this great water power was one of the

objects contemplated in the selection of the site of Columbus,

and good fortune rather than human sagacity favored the city

in this respect.

1828.
INTEREST THROUGHOUT THE STATE. (
Much interest was aroused throughout the State, by the legislation looking to the establishment of the new town ! of Columbus, and the anticipated sale of the lots. The>advant-= ages of the locality were so apparent as to attract the attention^ of men of a speculating disposition, as well as of persons desiring to try their fortune in a new settlement with suchfine prospects. "We find that complaints against the tardy action of the Commissioners, and of the gentleman selected

10

by ; them to make the surveys and 'prepare the plan of 4l^e

townj*-found their way into the public prints. On the-llth of

July,, the surveyor, Mr. Edward -Jjlctyd Thomas, -defended

himself againsjt the. charge of failure to return the plain to

the Surveyor General's office, stating that he had sent the plan;

to the Executive Department and to other places.

;

THE POPULATION. "'

'

"''

'Before the sale of the town lots the population of the place

was very much mixed, as is generally the case in new settle- '

ments. It amounted to about three hundred.

THE INDIANS.
During the day there would generally be hundreds, an<j. sometimes thousands of Indians from the Alabama side in town, but they were-not allowed to stay on the Georgia side. at night. They were generally friendly and harmless while, on this side of the river, but sometimes annoying, as they would go to private houses, to the alarm of some of the ladies.' But their object was to get something to eat or steal. \Ve find the Creeks called "a remnant of beggars and drunk ards" by a writer of that time.

THE COLU.MJJUS ENQUIRER.

This paper was established by Mirabeau B. Lamar in this

year, and the first number was issued during the last week in

May. It was a weekly sheet of good size and fair appear

ance, and its editorial conduct gave ample evidence of the

ability -which afterwards secured for its accomplished founder

high positions and an enduring fame. It is chiefly from its

columns that we glean most of the facts that nia;ke up what

we can give of the earlier history of Columbus.

'

On the 5th of July, the. Enquirer said: "Our town offers

maoy advantages to the agriculturalist who may locate near

it, as well as to the merchant or mechanic, as^our market will;

afford good prices for all kinds of produce, and OUT river a<

safe and convenient navigation on- cwliieh tO'export-the same.

Those who may visit this place with.a view of purchasing to

settle here, will not leave us disappointed. We hear of many

RIVKB NAVIGATION.

11

trangera wlio have come to examine the public property

efore the day of sale arrives."

;

RIVER IMPROVEMENT.
At that early day thia subject engaged the earnest attention f both the State authorities and the new settlers of Columius. They contemplated not only the improvement of the .avigation below the town, but the opening of the river bove to regular pole-boat navigation. The latter proposition rould seem, to us at this time to have been a wild scheme; lid yet we find a correspondent asserting on the 9th of August that "the river is navigable for pole-boats 200 miles ^bove the falls; the obstruction to navigation above the town continues for twenty miles, but boats can, in the winter, come within four miles of the town ;" and we find in the Enquirer of Sept. 13th the official report (dated "Upper Bushy Head Shoal, Chattahoochee, 27th August, 1828,") of "one of the Commissioners of the Chattahoochee Navigation above the Coweta Falls," in which report this Commissioner informs Gov. Forsyth that with the money appropriated by the State for improving the navigation of that part of the river, the Commissioners had bought on the eastern shore of Maryland and at Charleston, S. C., "fifteen likely negro fellows and one woman;" that they had constructed "an excellent three decked boat, sixty feet keel, nine feet beam, well constructed for the accommodation of the hands, overseer, and one Coin^ missioner, also for the safety of the tools and provisions and the storing of powder for blasting." The report goes on to state the operations on the upper river, in the section flowing between Coweta and Carroll counties, announces considerable progress, and expresses hope of the accomplishment of much improvement. Now who shall say that Georgians, at that time, and especially frontier Georgians, were not men of en terprise and pluck ?
The State Engineer also made a report (published in June) on the practicability of improving the river below the town. He recommended a "wing-dam" about three feet: above sum-

12

TOWN IXXTS SOTjD.-

mer water at Woo-lfolk's bar, and an excavation of the chan nel to the desired depth, expressing the opinion that there was not the slightest probability of its re-accumulation ; also a wing-dam at Mound Shoal, a little below Woolfolk's bar, and' 'about half a mile above the mouth of XJpatoie creek.

SALE OF .TH'E LOTS.

The first sale of town lots by the Commissioners com

menced on the 10th and closed on the 23d of July. The

attendance was large, and the bidding lively. Many tents

were erected by persons attending the sale, and the town pre

sented an animated and bustling appearance. The lot that

sold highest at that sale "was the one on the southwest corner

of Broad and Crawford streets, afterwards known as the Co

lumbus Hotel lot. It -was bought by Messrs. Nicholas How

ard (of Greensboro') and Peter Dudley, who immediately

erected the " Columbus Hotel" on the lot.

The number of half-acre lots in, the plan of the town was

632, of which 488 were sold, leaving 144 to be disposed of

at, some future period. There were also sold 25 gardening

lots of 10 acres each, and 20 of 20 acres, besides a number .of

larger lots outside of the limits of the town. The total pro

ceeds of this sale were $130,991, one-fifth of which was re

quired in cash.. The highest price given was for the lot above

mentioned, $1,855. _ Many, lots were bought with a view to

immediate settlement, and many others by speculators with a

view to an advance.

,

IMPROVEMENTS.
After the sale of .the lots, improvements commenced and buildings went up rapidly. On the 28th of November the Enquirer said: "Notwithstanding the great disadvantage's which builders have labored under in procuring lumber, we can safely say that no place has improved more rapidly than the town of Columbus, Each holder of a lot or lots seems intent on improving his property immediately, and there are now either completed or nearly so, oil the half-acre lots, nearly a hundred good framed buildings. Our mills are now

INCIDENTS.

13

in better order for supplying lumber than-they have *ever been before. But one three-story framed-bouse has-yet-been erected, and but two-brick buildings commenced in the town. We should be pleased to see more of this description of building carried on."
About this time the Enquirer stated that the population numbered 700 to 1,000 souls, and felt grateful that the health was so good, saying that there had not been more than, a half dozen cases of fever during the whole summer, and but four deaths--three whites and one black.

INCIDENTS.
The first person buried' in the cemetery was a young man. by the name of Thomas--a son of Edward Lloyd Thomas, the gentleman mentioned as the surveyor. He was buried on the hill before the location was fully determined upon, but when determined it included the grave of young Thomas. He was buried in March of this year.
The 4th of July was celebrated in a spirited arid patriotic manner for a frontier settlement. Col. Ulysses Lewis \vas the reader of the declaration, and James Van Xcss the orator.
A theater was "erected" for the purpose and opened for a short engagement as early as July of this year, and we find the performances of the company highly complimented. But we suppose the Columbus theatre-goers of that day were hardly so critical or discriminating as those of the present time, and there was some difference between the rough, un suitable hall in which the . performance was given and Springer's Opera House "with its fine scenery and luxurious furnishing.
The first manufacturing establishment that was built here was a turning lathe, erected on, the little branch north, of the city, just below where the ISTortlx, and .South Railroad now crosses that branch. Nobody thought in 1828, "when that little turning lathe was started, that Columbus would ever be the manufacturing place it is now, even; much less did they entertain the hope that .it would ever win the appellation, " Lowell of the South."

14

INCIDENTS,

The first steamboat that came to Columbus was in March, 1828. After she had been here a week or ten days, making some repairs, the Captain arranged for a pleasure excursion down the river as far as Woolfolk's Mound, the next Sunday. Nearly every body went, and a good number of them had to sralk .back to town on account, as the captain alleged, not being able to raise sufficient steam for the boat to make headway against the river current. The next morning about daybreak the signal gun* of the boat was heard, giving notice of her return.
There were no churches here during this year. There would occasionally be preaching by some missionary to the frontier heathen, or by some traveling minister. Columbus was a pretty "hard" place for a year or two. There was not much, execution of law or government of any kind. Every body had to look out for themselves. This being the case, we are not surprised to find the files of the Enquirer for those years abounding with reports of duels, impromptu fights, and duelling correspondence.
The following, in regard to the streets and scenery of Co lumbus, from the Enquirer of August 9th, 1828, will still be of interest. The streets remain as originally laid out, but the "romantic walks" and gushing springs are among the things that were:
" The streets running parallel with the river are nine in number, and are all 132 feet wide, except Broad, which is 164 feet wide. This street is one and a half miles long, and is a perfect level the whole distance, except one depression. The cross streets are thirteen in number, and are each 99 feet wide. From the width o the streets an elegant and airy appearance is given to the town. There is a wide expanse left between the town and the river for a. promenade, "which, after it shall have been properly prepared, will form one of the hand somest and most romantic walks in the State. All along the bank of the river opposite the town, fine, pure water gushes out, which affords not only a great convenience, but a great luxury to citizens.' 7
In October, Henry C. Dawson took charge of the Mclntosh

COXJNTY OFFICERS.

15

House, and Beter Dudley became sole proprietor of the ; Co

lumbus Hotel.

'

.

A new hotel, called "Muscogee Hall," on the corner of

Broad and Crawford streets, was opened in. ; November- by

Nicholas Howard.

At the Presidential election in November, the Jackson

electors received 143 votes, and the Adams electors 17.

The first bale of cotton ever sold in the town was brought

in November from Gwinnctt county, and bought by Robert

Maharrey at 12J-C.

On the 29th of November the pole-boat Rob Roy, Love

owner, arrived from Apalachicola with a full cargo of groce-,

i-ics for J. Fontaine, Maharrey, Love & Co.

A clever local conundrum which w:e find hi the paper is

this: "Why is the town of Columbus like modest ladies?"

The answer^-" Because it is on the reserve." .

'

;

OFFICERS.

Hon. Walter T. Colquitt was Judge, and Andrew B. Griffin

Clerk of the Superior Court this year. The following gen

tlemen constituted the Grand Jury at the Fall Term: EL E.

Bissel], foreman, John R. Page, Samuel B. Head, E. 13. Lucus,

Stoddard Russell, Robert Daniel, Robt. Henry, Benj. Tarver,

Thomas Rogers, Thomas Lang, Samuel E. Buckler, Joseph

White, Hillery Triplett, Samuel 3oockogy} Thomas Cox,

Thos. Sluck, Jona. A. Hudson.

James C. Holland was Sheriff, and P. Robertson Deputy

Sheriff.

.

..

John Townsend was Clerk of the County Court.

Joel B. Scott was Coroner.

/

Edwin E. Bissel and G. W. Dillard were Justices of the

Inferior Court.

S. J. Cooley Was Postmaster until October, when Jas. Van

Ness was appointed.

At the October election, Sowell Woolfolk was chosen Sen

ator, and W. D. Lucas Representative.

16

PEBSONAL, MARBIAGES ANI> DEATHS.

Mirabeau B. Lamar severed his connection with the Mnquirer on the 1st of October, 1830. He represented Muscog-ee county in the Legislature of Georgia in 1829 '30. Shortly after his retirement from, the -Enquirer he removed to Texas, artd there received the highest honors within the gift of the people. He was elected President of the young and inde pendent Republic in 1838. He died in Texas in December, 1859. Gen. L. was twice married. His first wife is buried in the cemetery in this city ; his second was a daughter of the Rev. John ISTewland Maffitt.
"Walter T. Colquitt was for a number of years the most brilliant (perhaps not the most solid) member of the bar of Columbus. He was noted for keenness of wit and repartee and versatility of talent. As a lawyer, judge, both a repre sentative and senator in Congress, he was equally conspicuous and efficient. He died in Macon, Ga., on the 7th of May, 1855, after a long and painful illness.
MARRIAGES.
July 28.--Col. P. I-I. Alston and Miss Sarah D. Parks. Sept. 6.--Ma.i. Hufus M. Farrington and Miss Sarali, daughter of Gen. "Wm. Mclntosh. Sept. 7.--Samuel !K. Buckler and Miss Sophia Tomlhi. Sept. 20.--James Brown, of Augusta, and Miss Ann Dukes. Sapt. 28--Samuel R. Andrews and Miss Elizabeth Day.
DEATHS.
July 26.--Elizabeth, infant child of Blake and Lucy Kobinson. Aug. 30.--"Wilson (an Irishman) drowned in the river. Sept.'lG.--Mrs. Davis, a native of North Carolina. Oct. 18.--James B. Crawfiord, aged 30 years. Nov. 13.--" Indian Boy," aged 12 years, from a stab in the forehead.
"We find the names of the following business and profes sional men of Columbus during this year :
Merchants--James W. Famiin, jr.,Thomas Lang, Phelps & Bonner, Jacob I. Moses & Co., I. Scott, Joel B. Scott, Jona. A. Hudson, Sowell Woolfolk, Farlin & Nafew, Elisha Avery.
Lawyers--Ulysses Lewis, Wm. J. W. "Wellborn, Samuel T. Bailey, James Van Ness, Thos. G. Gordon, Julius C. Alford.
Doctors--I. T, Scott, H. C. Phelps, E. L. DeGraffenried, Fitzgerald Bird.

THE TOWN INCORPORATED.

17

Hotel Keepers--Wm. D. Lucas, Nicholas Howard, Peter Dudley, Henry C. Dawson; Teacher--Jno. II. Page ; Harber--Wm. Woodliff ; Brickmakers--Winston. & Alford, Zoroaster itobinsoii; Tailor--J. AV. Radcliff ; Gfin Maker, tfcc.--Khoderic Murray.
Latest quotations of prices of merchandise for this year, Dec. 13th: Bacon 12|c., Bagging and Twine 50c:,,Cotton 7|c., Corn 50 to 75c., Flour $10 to $15, Molasses 50c., Salt'$2 50, Brown Sugar 10 to 12c., Coffee 18 to 20c., Tobacco 25c.',
Whisky 75c.

1829.
THE TQWN INCORPORATED.
The first act of incorporation of the Town of Columbus passed the Legislature of Georgia in December, 1828, and was signed by the Governor on the 19th of that month. It pro vided for the election on the 1st Monday in January, 1829, of an Iiitendant and six Commissioners, and vested the municipal government in them. The election resulted in the choice of Ulysses Lewis as Mayor, and Samuel B. Head, James "Van Ness, Ira Scott, Simon L. Smith, George "W". Dillard and Thos. G-,Gordon as Commissioners. [Another ticket for Commis sioners, "which associated Messrs. Van Ness and Scott with. M, B. Lamar, Fitzgerald Bird, T. T. Gammage and Henry C, Phelps, had previously been nominated by. a meeting of citi zens ; but Messrs. Lamar,. Bird and Gammage declined before the day of election.]
On the same day county officers for Muscogee were elected, as follows: Arian Coaker, Tax Collector; James Johnson, Receiver of Tax Returns; E. E. Bissel, Jas. Hitchcock, B. A.

-LS

ACTION' OF TOWN AUTHORITIES.

Sorsby, Samuel K. Andrews and W. P. Baker, Justices of the

Inferior Court.

. . :>- . .

B. T. Marks was Clerk of the new city government.

On tiie 19th of January, t( nine fisheries on the Chattahoo-

chee, within the corporate limits of the town of Columbus,"

were publicly rented out for' the year by the Clerk of the

Town ; but the amounts for which they rented are not pub

lished. All other traps were required to be removed within

ten days.

In accordance with authority specially delegated bv the

new charter, the first ordinance of the municipal government

was one requiring all houses on the streets and common to be

removed, and forbidding all persons to cut down or destroy

any tree on the river common.

At this time the "Northern and Southern mail" was

carried through Columbus, tri- weekly, accross the Indian

Territory, via the Creek Agency in Alabama.

On the 27th day of February, the, sale of .the remaining

half-acre lots in Columbus was closed, Having continued six

days. The aggregate amount of the sales was $4,585.

The Intendant and Commissioners passed an ordinance' to "

let out to the highest bidder, on the 2d of February, the work

of cleaning out of Front, Broad, Oglethorpe, Randolph, and

St. Clair streets--the two latter to their intersection with

Oglethorpe. Front, Broad and Oglethorpe were to be cleaned

entirely of trees, stumps, and bushes, which were to be taken

up by the roots, the streets to be grabbed, and all rocks over

three pounds in weight to be removed.

We take this order as an indication of the extent to which'

close occupation of the town had then progressed from the

river eastward.

On the 14th o February, the JZnquirer said:

" Columbus is rapidly advancing in improvements. Building is .carried on in a style that would do honor to our populous cities, and with a rapidity scarcely equalled within our knowledge. Sucli is the progressive style, that we frequently Hud large two-storied houses and well-cleaned gardens, in various parts of tlie town, where Tmt a
short time previously, we were rambling after game. Ramblers are

INCIDENTS.



19

not unfrequently surprised at finding their hunting ground so sudden ly converted from a wilderness into cultivated fields or adorned by the labors of the architect and enlivened by traffic. We have dry goods and groceries in abundance, and all the difficulty in the way of good living is the want of the wherewith to purchase the commodities. Few of our citizens having the necessary cash or credit, are often re duced to deplorable straits. The absence of the grand sine qua nonr however, seems to be no barrier to the growth of the town."
There was much apprehension, this year, of trouble with the Indians. The Legislature passed an act forbidding their crossing the river into Georgia without permits. In July the President of the United States had a thousand stand of arms forwarded to Fort Mitchell for the use of the frontier citizens, arid thirty or forty regulars, on their way to the Agency, passed through Columbus in July. But many of the head men of the Indian nation visited Columbus and pronounced the reports of their hostile intentions false. The "Frontier Guards" were, however, ordered out on one occasion.
Politics ran so high this year, that we find an advertise ment offering prime cotton for sale by retail to "anti-tariff ladies."
On the 10th of November the Commissioners appointed for the purpose announced that they had laid out a market road from Decatur to Columbus.
The Bank of Columbus was organized this year. We find the names of the following steamboats that arrived during the year: Fanny, Robert Ernmett, and "VirginiaThe latter was the first arrival of the winter, and did not get. up until the 28th of December, so low was the river, in the fall and early winter. The Bmrnett made one trip in 60 hours.
INCIDENTS.
On the -- of January, Mr. Elisha Avery, a native of Con necticut, and four negroes were drowned by the upsetting of a batteau in which they were making a trip from Columbus to Apalachicola. The Mayor, Col. Lewis, Mr. Root, and eight negroes in all were in the boat, but all except tliose first men tioned escaped.

20



INCIDENTS.

--There Was a great rise of the Chattahoochee in February of; this year. Back lots (in the lower portions heretofore mentioned) were inundated, and the house of the editor of the Enquirer was submerged almost to its windows. - On the 25th of May, the steamer Virginia, a large and fine boat, arrived, having made the run from Apalachicola in 38 hours.
W, A. Spaldihg, of the firm of Fqntainc & Spalding, was drowned in the Chattahoochee on the 1st of June. He was a native of Maryland, and was only 21 years old.
A temperance soci'ety was organized on the 1st of August-- E, L. DeGraffonricd, President; Andrew Harvill and Rob't Jones, Vice Presidents; James Van. ISTess, Corresponding Sec retary ; James W. Pannin, Recording Secretary; Thos, W. Cox, Secretary.
On the 8th of August it was announced that Mr. Bichard T. Marks had purchased a half interest in the Enquirer.
In September, TJpatoie post office was established--Simon Manning, postmaster.
At the October election of this year, M. B. Lamar, Senator, and W. P. Lucas, Representative, were elected to the Legis lature.
Oct. 17th, the first load of new cotton was Torougrit in "by John D. Chambless of Talbot county. It was classed mid dling, and "bought by S. & B. T. Woolfolk at 7c.
The Virginia again arrived on the 28th of ^December, being the first "boat of trie winter, afte-r a suspension of navigation in the summer and fall. The Virginia took down 400 bales of cotton for New Orleans.
On the 7th of March 500 shares of the stock of the Bank of Columbus had "been taken, and it was anticipated that the Bank "would speedily go into operation .under favorable auspices.
The Superior Court of the county then took jurisdiction of such offences as fighting in the streets and keeping disorderly houses in Columbus, as we find in the presentments of the Grand Jury at February term.

MARRIAGES

2.1

The town tax this year was 5 per cent, upon the amount
paid to the State for the town lots.
We find the names of two Columbus volunteer companies
-- the " Frontier Guards" and the " Columbus Fencibles"
mentioned in June. A. Y. Gresham was Captain^ and ------
Marks, Orderly Sergeant of the " Frontier Guards. "
The 4th of July was celebrated under an arbor--a large
crowd attending. The "Fz'ontier Guards" formed the proces
sion. Prayer by liev. Mr. Hammill; reading by Nathaniel
P. Bond; oration by Capt. A. Y. Gresham ; dinner at
Howard's Hotel.
MABBIAGBS.
Feb. 3.--Capt. James Johnson, of the steamboat Emm.ett,aud Miss Dorothy Coker.
Feb. 10.--Richard T. Marks and Miss Jacintha E. Dawson. March 10.--Oliver Jeter and Miss Mary Ann G-ar troll. March 12.---"Win. Middleton and Miss iLydia Dobbs. Aug. 24.--Thos. Slack and Julia Ami Howard. Pec. 20.--Sowell "Woolt'olk and Miss Sophia W. Thomas, the latter of MilledgeviUe.
DEATHS.
June 1.--Matthew "Wells, aged 50. Aug. 2.--Mrs. Judith W. Xhornton, consort of Dr. Hudson A. Thomton. Sept. 5.--Pleasant Bobinsou, Deputy Sheriff. Oct. 18.--Wm. Martin, aged 27, a native of Georgia. Dec. 18.--Benjamin Jepson, sr., a native of Boston, aged 03.
Cotton was quoted, Dec. 26th, 7^- to 8c, !No other quota
tions given.
The following business men (not mentioned in 1828,) ad
vertised in the Enquirer in 1829; Merchants.--A. K. Mershon, Asa Bates, T. H. Ball, M. M. Butt,
A. & I>. Hungerford, L. J. DavieS, Jas. S. Korman, Alien & Powers, John 3?ontaine, Bird & Sullivan, Wm. Taxley, H, A. & D. Thornton, Shaw & Dean, Wiley, Baxter & Fort, Alien & Powers, M. M. Butt & Co., James Kivlin.
Doctors.--II. A. Thornton; Lawyers--John Taylor, Kathaniel P. Bond, Joseph T. Camp; Tailors--Badcliff & lioberson; Saddler-- James S. Norman; Warehouse--B. A. Sorsby, S. & B. T. "Woolfolk-, Factorage and Commission--Hodges, Moore & Jones ; Milliners--Mrs. Jewett and Misa Thweatt; Teaclier--Mrs. Jane L. Marks.
2

22

KAPID INCREASE IN POPULATION.

1830.
IMPROVEMENT AND PROSPERITY.
The frontier settlement had now assumed the proportions
and the air of a "trading town" indeed, and its pioneer set
tlers congratulated themselves on the prospect of realizing
their fondest anticipations. An amendment of the charter so
as to obtain a "city government" was talked of. On the 27th
of February the J5nquirer said :
" ]Sfo inland town of the South within our recollection lias pro gressed with more rapidity in the line of substantial and elegant improvements, and none, we are certain, lias a fairer prospect of attaining extensive commercial importance. At the time of the sales (July, 1828,) there was but one frame building erected in this town, and there are now seventy-five excellent and permanent frame build ings, all of which, with one or two exceptions, are occupied. There are, also, twelve dry goods and grocery stores, one drug store, a-iid two commodious and extensive hotels. These improvements have all been made while doubt and uncertainty existed in relation to the growth and prosperity of Columbus, and whilst no settled conviction obtained in the minds of any of the actual value of property in which invest- . merits were made. But every day is developing the true resources of Columbus, and exhibiting its real claims to the attention and patron age of wealth, industry and talent."
The population, as reported by the Marshal in April, -was 1,152 persons; as reported to the Enquirer by Dr. DeGraffen.ried (a State census) in October, it was then 1,261. The population of the county of Muscogee, at the last named count, was 3,507, of whom 2,262 were whites.
The regular navigation of the river was still a question of some uncertain.tj'-. A steamboat--the " Steubenville"--Had arrived as early as the 22d of February, 1828, being the first steamer that had ever reached "the falls;" but the boats at first run were evidently too large, or of too heavy draught, for navigating the river .either early in the fall or late in the

INCIDENTS.

23

spring. The " Baltimore" made a trip this year late in April, and was said by trie JSnquirer to be the only one of the boats in the trade suitable to the navigation of the river so late in the spring. It thought that boats drawing, -when loaded, from 30 to 36 inches, could run throughout the year.
The citizens were now solicitous for the removal of the Indians--no doubt speculating views as well as apprehensions of trouble with them influencing the appeals for their removal. The first fire reported in the town was on the night of the 14th of March, when the kitchen of Mr. Davis was consumed. It aroused some of the citizens to make a call for a public meeting' to take into consideration some measures for protec tion against fire. But, as is usual with the first cry of "wolf," the excitement appears to have subsided without action.
A debating society in full blast this year was one evidence of social and intellectual improvement.
At the municipal election in January, James Van Ness was elected Intendant. K. T. Marks was Town Clerk this year, and John E. Page Treasurer. Moses Butt -was acting as In tendant in November. We cannot find the names .of. the Town Commissioners of this year.
The prospectus for a new paper, to be called the Democrat, was out in August. '
There was a controversy, during the fall, between Lieut. Clark, of the TJ. S. Artillery, and the authorities of Columbus, as to whether the Indians were entitled to the -west bank of the river and to equal interests in the ferries established over it. The town authorities denied this right and refused to comply with the demand.

INCIDENTS.
The discovery of particles of gold on the river bank, in April, is mentioned. It no doubt created a sensation. As the precious metal appears not to have been found since then, and as we now know that the Chattahoochee and its tributa ries cross the gold belt at several points, the probability is

24

INCIDENTS.

that the gold found in 1830 was washed down with, the sands from above in some -freshet.
A new hotel, called Lafayette Hall, was opened in. tlie spring of this year--John, C. Blan.ce proprietor. It was on the cor ner of Oglethorpe and Bridge streets.
The 4th of July was again celebrated with, becoming spirit. The "Frontier Guards" headed the procession. Maj. A. 1~\ Moore was Marshal of the day ; the prayer was by Hev. Mr. Moore; Col. Ulysses Lewis was the reader of the Declaration, and M. B. Lamar, Ksq'., the orator. A public dinner at How ard's Hotel wound, up the celebration with a feast of good things, including patriotism and hilarity.
The first load of new cotton was received on the 15th of September. It was from the plantation of Mr. MeQehee, of Meriwether county, and -was sold to Stew art & Fontaine at 10 cents. The next week several loads were received, and sold at 10^- to 11 cents. Nearly 100 bales were received on the 28th of October -- reported as an unusually large day's receipts.
- In July, Mr. .Lamar retired from the Enquirer, having sold his interest to Mr. James Van ISfess. In November, Mr. Maries sold his interest to Messrs. Henry W. Hilliard and Jarnes 1ST. Bethime.
In April, same "malicious villain." entered the Enquirer office at night and pied the forms and cases.
The anniversary of St. John the Baptist was celebrated "by the Columbian Lodge of Columbus. The address was deliv ered by Hev. Barkley Martin. H. S-. Taylor was Secretary of this Lodge.
At the county election in October, Sowell Woolfolk was elected Senator, and A. Y. Gresham Representative.
A new pole boat, called the " Mary Jones," was launched by Hodges, Moore & Co., in September.
Pole boats arrived and departed frequently during this year,
The first steamboat arrival of this winter was the " Ealti-



I

PEHSCXNAL.

ZO

I

more," on the 17th day of December, in five days from Apa-

lachicola.

1 On the 22d December, the steamer Georgian, a new boat

built at Pittsburgh for a company of gentlemen of Colum

bus, arrived in fifteen days from. Pittsburgh.

PERSONAL.
The county officers, elected in January, were--Win. Hol land, Sheriff; A. B. Griffin, Clerk of the Superior Court; John Townsend, Clerk of the Inferior Court.
The following gentlemen constituted Muscogce grand jury for the Spring term of 1830: J. W. Fannin, E. C. Alford, Asa Bates, H. R. Taylor, David Dean, William Mullally, Da vid W. Upton, S. B. Andrews, 35. L. Lucas, W. D. Lucas, B G. Lucas, H. C. Phelps, A. R. Mershon, B. Jewett, J. B. Lyons, B. Tarver, A. L. Watkins, Neill McNorton, J. P. Jack son, Thomas Davis, Jonathan A, Hudson.
Julius G, Alford did not long remain a citizen of Columbus, hut removed in a short time to LaGrange, and while residing there was elected, to Congress in. 1889. He had notable char acteristics and an originality sui generis. His impetuous and impulsive style of debate won for him the appropriate name "War Horse of Troup." It is reported of him that while in Congress he startled the House from its propriety by a terrific imitation of the Indian war-whoop, which he did in answer to a Northern member who had defended the Georgia and Alabama Indians and blamed the whites for their warlike demonstrations. He removed to Alabama about the year 1850, settling in Pike County, and died there several years ago.
Ulysses Lewis was a man of characteristics peculiarly fitted to impress and mould frontier society, and no doubt contrib uted much to the giving of tone to the civilization of both Columbus and Russell county, Ala., to which county he re moved with the first wave of white settlement. He was sternly upright and just, with a courage for any emergency, and.a fund of hard common sense that made hiiji the very

26

MAKRIAGES AND DEATHS.

man for leadership in such a country. After his removal to Alabama he was for a rrumber of years Judge of the County (now Probate) Court of Russell, and made one of the best and most satisfactory county officers in the State. He died in August, 1856.
MARRIAGES.
Marcli 11--Dr. Wiley J. Underwood and Miss Mary Ann liohaimoii. April 7--James Kivlin and Miss JjCmisa DilHird. April 22--William Hayes and Miss Almina Holland. April 27--Andrew 55. Griffin, Esq., and Miss Caroline Tatom. July 25--Henry W. Hilliard and Miss Mary Bedell. July 29--Tuscan H. Ball and Miss Margaret M. L. W. Maloue. Dec. 16--Terrill Brooks and Miss Mary Perry.
DEATHS.
Aug. 20--Mrs. M. B. Lamar, aged 21.
We notice among the "business and professional men men tioned, and whose names are not already given, the following:
Merchants--Richards &, Manley, Lewis C. Alien, Henry Johnson, Hudson & Thoriiton, James Hitchcock, T. T. Gammage, Hodges, Moore & Co.,M. li. Evans & Oo.,H. S. Smith & Co., 15. Tarver & Co.
Lawyers--A. "ST. G-resham, J'olin Taylor, Garrett Hallenbeck, Philo D. Woodruff, G-rigsby E. Thomas.
Doctors--J. "W. Malone, Scott & Kennedy, Underwood & Mills, A. S. Clifton.
TeacJier--Miss Kingsbury ; Auctioneer--IR. E. Bissell; Clothier and Tailor--Henry Johnson; Watchmaker--William Russell.
Latest quotations of this year, Dec. 18: Cotton 8^ to 8J; Bagging 23; Bacon 9 to 12 J-; Coffee 15 to 17 ; Sugar 10 to 12 ; Flour $8 to 9 ; Meal 75; Molasses 45.

1831.
Increasing Business--A 2few Bank and a Fire Company-- ^Presbyterian Church Built--JL Year of Siclcness, <c.
The year 1831 was one of considerable progress in Colum bus, and all that we find on record denotes increasing trade

THE FIRST FIRE COMPANY.

27

and a steady advance towards the settled social status and public conveniences of older towns.
On the 8th of January the following gentlemen were elected to constitute the municipal government for the year:
Inlendant--Sowell Woolfolk. Commissioners--Fitzgerald Bird, Abraham F. Moore, Wm. D. Hargrove, James Hitchcock, Asa Bates, and Joseph T. Camp. On Tuesday following the Board was organized, and elected the officers named bellow : Clerk--Bdm'd Bugg; ^Treasurer----G. !E. Mims; Jifarshal--Ephraim Bundy; A.wMoneers--F. S. Cook andE. E. Bisaell; Clerk of Market-- Patrick W. Flynn.
In June books were opened for subscription to the capital stock of a Bank, to be called the "Farmers' Bank of Chattalioochee." On the 7th of November this Bank was organized by the election of the following gentlemen as Directors : E. S. Shorter, M. Butt, A. Iverson, G. W. Dillingham, and Joel Branham. At a subsequent meeting of directors, E. S. Shorter was elected President, and Edward Carey Cashier.
A fire "which occurred at an early hour of the morning of the 21st of May, appears to have fanned the , feeling in favor of a fire company to a striking heat, and before the sun went down that day the company was formed and the following gentlemen were elected officers : G. E, Thomas, Chief En gineer; Asa Bates, Captain of the Engine; Robt. Jones, Cap tain Fire Hook Department; James Daniel, Captain Ladder Department Joseph T. Camp, Captain Bucket Department; M. "W. Thweatte, Captain Safety Department; Jj. C. Alien, Marshal. At a subsequent meeting of the company held on Tuesday evening following these appointments were made; George Smith, Treasurer ; E. Bugg, Secretary.
The house burned was a large dwelling nearly completed for Mr. Stewart, near the river in the upper part of the town. As the building had not been delivered, the loss "was divided between Mr. Stewart and the builders--Messrs. Bates and Dibble.
This was a hard year with the Indians across .the river,

28

DAILY MAILS.

and increased vigilance to prevent them committing1 depreda tions was found to be necessary. They suffered greatly for the "want of food--which "was ascribed in part to the failure of their corn crops and in part to the scarcity of game, and they were terribly afflicted with the small pox. They were constantly begging at every house, and subsisted in great part on roots and the bark of trees. During this year Dr. DeGraffenried visited the Nation, and on his return advised general vaccination as a preventive of small pox m Colum bus. There were one or two cases in the town, and alarm on the subject extended to the surrounding country.
On the 15th of October, the building committee of the Presbyterian Church announced that the house would be dedicated on, the following Sunday, when a collection would be taken up to assist in paying the sum due on the building. They also returned thanks to the citizens for liberal contribu tions towards this church. Mr. J. S. Norman was Secretary.
The local causes of sickness in some parts of the town, mentioned in the first chapter of this compilation, seem to have found, during this year, fit conditions for their develop ment. On the 20th of October, the Enquirer said:
"Our town ha-s suffered much in comparison with other years. Sickness has been confined almost exclusively to sections of the town where there are large quantities of standing water, collected by exces sive rains which fell in August and September. On Broad street and some other portions of the town there has been almost perfect health. The local causes which have produced disease the present season will be entirely removed before the return of another summer."
November 19--Number of deaths that have occurred jn the town of Columbus from the first day of June, 1831, to this date, taken by order of the Commissioners: White adults 20; white children 20; black adults 8; black children 9; total 57.
Out of the above number forty have died of fever, three in child bed, and two from intemperance.
Columbus then had a Northern mail daily, via Augusta, Milledgeville and Macori, and a daily Southern mail via Mont gomery and Mobile. There was also a stage line from Colum
bus to Macon, run via Thomaston and Forsyth, and the fare

INCIDENTS.

29

was $8 50 to Macon. The stage left Columbus every Friday at 7 a. m., and arrived at Maeon about noon on Sunday, trav eling only in the day time. There were several other weekly mails, but we are not informed as to their modes of convey ance.
INCIDENTS.
The steamboats, whose arrivals and departures during the year we fmd noticed were the following: Herald, PlaquernineT Marion, Baltimore, Jenkins, Georgian.
There was great xejoicing over the arrival of the Georgian on the 12th of January, not only because she was owned by a Columbus company, but because she was intended to inau gurate competition in boating. A- large crowd met her at the wharf, and hailed her arrival by a salute from a cannon, &c. She had on her own decks over 1,000 barrels of freight, and towed the barge Mary Jones with 700 barrels.
The Musoogee Bible Society was in active operation, sup plying Bibles to the destitute. There was also a circulating library. ^In February, H. "W". Hilliarcl retired from the editorial management of the jKnqiiirer.
A new ferry, about one mile below the town, was establish ed in June, by S. M. Ingerst>ll and Seaborn Jones.
Columbian Lodge celebrated the 24th of June--Garretfc Hallenbeck orator.
The 4th of July was again celebrated with cannon, the read ing of the Declaration, an address by N. B. Bond, Esq., and a dinner.
The pioneer military company, the "Frontier Guards," dis banded, and in September, the " Columbus Volunteers " were organized, witli A. S. Rutherford Captain.
A volunteer military company for temporary service, if needed, in quelling an apprehended outbreak commenced by the slaves belonging to the Indians, was formed in October. It was in command of Jas. C. Hall and E. B, ~W~. Spivcy. The outbreak did not occur, or did not reach Columbus.

30 >.

PERSONAL.

Cotton oame in quite freely in the fall, and was quoted, in

November 6J- to 7i-o.; in December 6^ to 8c.

In October, Sowell Woolfolk -was elected Senator, and

"Willis P. Eater Representative of Muscogee county.

PERSONAL.

Rev. J. Boring -was the Methodist Minister in charge this

year, and Rev. A. Hainill P. E. of Columbus District.

The following "were grand jurors for Muscogee,. at the

Spring term, 1881 : John McClusky, Geo. AY. Elliott, W. H.

Alston, J. T. Kilgore, W. D. Lucas, Harvey Hall, Girard

Birde, J. Hitchcock, A. R. Mershon, S. M. Tngersoll, J. B.

Kennedy, A. F. Moore, J. P. Jackson, G. W. Dillard, H. C.

Phelps, H. G. Dawson, B. G. G. A. Lucas.

George ~W. Dillard was announced in April as the proprie-.

tor of the " Globe Tavern." -

.

John G. Prince, a late comer and a merchant of Columbus,

was drowned in the river, while bathing, on --th of July.

He was from Salem, Mass.

John and Frances Love took charge of the Mclntosh Hall,

a, new hotel, in October.

M. M. Hinch had charge of the Jackson Hotel.

The Columbus Democrat was published this year, but we

find no reference to the time when1 it was started.

Latest quotations, Dec. 31st: Bacon 12c.; Bagging 21 to

25c.; Corn 37c.; Cotton 5 to 7c.; Coffee 17 to 20c. ; Flour

$8 to $9 ; Molasses 50c.; Sugar 9 to lOJc.

We find the following names of business and professional

men, not included in previous notices:

Merchants--Manley & Harris, Harvey Hall, Xourse & Clark, Smith & Morgan, II. P. G-uayard, Jones & Harper, E. S. Norton, Scott &

Kennedy, Dillingham & Tarver, E. Wells & Co., Clifton & Kennedy,

Lawhon. & Ho well, L. C. Alien, Lewis Leon, D. W. Parr, E.

Featherton, James Kivliii, AYin. .H Harper. Lawyers--John Taylor, Lemuel Merrell, Alfred Iversoii,. John
Milton, A. S. Rutherford, James II. Shorter, Bailey & Gordon, Alien Lawhon, James A. Berthelot, Grigsby E. Thomas.
Warehousemen--W. H. Kimbrough, Seaborn Jones & S. K. Hodges,

M. "W. Thweatt.

EVENTFUL YEAR.

31

Doctors.--Broadnax. Teachers--Miss Frances Gunby, Garrett Halleiibeck. Milliner, &c.--Mrs. Sledge. Shoe-Maker--Bobt. K. West. Cabinet-Makers--Dutton & Stanley. Dentist--John A. Cleveland. Jeweller--Wm. Russell,
MARRIAGES.
Jan. 27--William Holland and Miss Martha Bilbro. March 29--Dr. Robt. A. Ware and Miss Margaret O. Ellison. April 8---Daniel D. Ridenhour and Miss Amelia Beiinett. April 7--Alfred Iversoii and Miss Julia Frances, daughter of Hon.. John Forsyth (near Augusta.) Aug. 15--J. A, Hudson and Miss Martha E. Abercrombie. Aug. 30--Dr. J. C. Sullivan and Miss Josephine Grinage. Dec. 22--Robert Henry Brown and Miss Sarah Pride.
DEATHS.
Jan. 25--Wm. Walker, sr. May 7--Garland, infant son of Oliver Jeter. June 5--Mrs. Mary M. Griffin, wife of A. B. Griffin. Sept. 19--Mrs. Eleanor Johnson, wife of Robt. G. Johnson. Sept. 24--Mrs, Martha Jjiicas, wife of Robert Lucas. Oct. 1--Edmund Bugg, Town Clerk. Sept. 20--James M. Hitchcock. Oct. 10--Martria Caroline, daughter of John and Sophia Warren. Oct. 4--Adelia Maria ; Oct. 8th, Georgiana Adaline; and Oct. 14th, Delia--all daughters of Wrn. IX and Mary H. Lucas; and Oct. 9th, Mrs. Mary II. wife of William D. Lucas. Oct. 14--James Thweatt. Oct. 13--Mrs. Clarissa, wife of Stoddard Rockwell. Oct. 16--Caroline Eliza, daughter of Wm. D. Lucas. Oct. 20--Harris McClesky, son of John McClesky.

1832.
First Bridge Commenced--A. Sad and Memorable Duel-- A.nother Sank--fieri, Afa/rshalVs Reserve (^GrirarcC) Purchased --Business T.ictrgely Increased--A. Jtfayor^s Court J^stciblishe.d, &c.
This was an eventful year for Columbus, and one in which the citizens appear to have exhibited more public spirit and

32

THE FIRST BRIDGH.

enterprise than in any previous year of the settlement. Good navigation continued until late in the spring, and opened again early in November, and. large stocks of goods were re ceived and sold. The year was also a healthy one.
In January the following municipal ticket was elected for
the year 1832: -fntendant---Samuel X-awhoii. Gom,missi<mers--G-. IS. Thomas, Charles I>. Stewart, G-. W. Dilling-
Iiain, Hiram JSTonrse, William Z>. Lucas, 75Hsha Tarver. II- C. Phelps was Town Clerk. One of the first acts of the now Board was to advertise for
proposals to build a bridge across the Chattah.oocb.ee. The bridge was to be about four hundred feet long, including the abutments, and to be built high and strong and of good mate rials. During the first week in March, the proposal of John Godwin, of Cheraw, S. C., was accepted; the plan of Ithiel Town's patent to be followed, with stone piers and abutments, for $14,000. Daniel Pratt, of Clinton, furnished the model adopted, and was paid $100 for it. Mr. Godwin, with a large force, commenced, work on the bridge in May, "but did. not finish it this year.
On the 23d of January an event occurred which shocked the community, and made men think more seriously of the sad results likely to follow the many personal quarrels (gen erally springing from politics) that were then" so common.. One of these difficulties occurred "between Gen. Sowell "Woolfolk, then State Senator, and who had represented the county in one branch, of the Legislature each year since its organiza tion, and Major Joseph T. Camp, a talented lawyer and pop ular man. They had had a difficulty, without the use of weapons, at Milledgeville, and had then repaired to Kort Mitchell to settle the affair with pistols, but it was there adjusted temporarily. Then followed some publications in the paper, in which it was made to appear that the concession had been entirely on the side of Camp, and this led to a re newal of hostile correspondence, -with the sad result told in the following "obituary" from the Jffinquirer:

FAT All DUEL.

S3

"Oil Monday last, 23d instant, an unfortunate meeting, commonly known by the name of an afirair of honor, took place near 3?ort Mitehell, between G-en. Sowell "Woolfolk and Major Joseph T, Camp, which terminated in the death of the former. Gen.. "Woolfolk was shot through the breast, and expired in a few seconds, and Major Camp narrowly escaped life, "being snot through the abdomen, but fortunate ly for him without entering the hollow.
"The next day the body of Gen. AVoolfolk was brought to tins city and interred with military and Masonic honors. Ilia remains" were followed by the most numerous and respectable concourse of his friends, acquaintances and fellow-citizens which has ever been seen 011 such an occasion.
"In recording this melancholy occurrence humanity shudders at the reflection that the talents, worth and chivalry of our country should be subject to such a barbarous custom. !N"o matter how high and re spectable in society, how surrounded with friends, how closely united and necessary to the peace and comfort--yea, even the neces sity of a wife and family--how useful and important to the State-- all must bow before the unrelenting tyrant. Gen. Woolfolk was warm, devoted friend, a kind and an affectionate brother, a tender and indulgent husband arid father, the id.ol of his family, and occu pied a high position in the influence of his fellow-citizens. But he is no more! His relatives bewail his loss; to his country his talents and usefulness are gone forever. lie has frequently represented tins county in the J.-e^isIature of the State, and by that body "was promoted to the rank of a l^rigadier-Genexai, and he has iMwev sought in vain the confidence and suffrage of his geuerous people. But he is gone for ever. -To more shall his high and buoyant step gladden the heart of his disconsolate wife.; no more shall his cheering voice awaken the smile of his infant child. 'Alas! nor wife nor child shall he again behold; nor friends nor sacred home. : "
This being the 100th anniversary of the birthday of Wash
ing, the 22d of February was celebrated with much anima
tion. The Columbus Musketeers, the Masonic fraternity and
a large concourse of citizens formed the procession to the
new Methodist Church,, where, after a prayer by the Kev. Mr.
Few, "Washington's Farewell Address was read by Dr. John
J. Wilson, and an appropriate oration delivered by James
"Van Ness, Esq. A public dinner followed, as usual, at the
Columbus Hotel.
About this time Congress passed an act authorizing the
corporation of the town of Columbus to select two acres of

34

G-REAT PURCHASE,

land on the Alabama side for the abutment of the bridge across the Chattahoocb.ee ; biit this grant was to be "subject to the incumbran.ee of the Indian claim," and no houses were to be erected thereon [by the town authorities] even after the extinction of the Indian title.
Later in the year (June 22d) the Enquirer announced the sale of these two acres and other land on the Girarcl side, as follows :
Great Purchase--By the treaty recently concluded at "Washington with the Creek Indians, a reserve of one mile square, situated imme diately opposite the town of Columbus, and bounded, by the western bank of the Chtitttihooch.ee, was granted in fee simple to .Tieirjamin Marshall, a half breed Indian. This reserve from its location on the Chattahooch.ee, at the head of steamboat navigation, and its con tiguity to Columbus, has been supposed to possess many advantages, and to be very valuable. .It was purchased of the grantee on the 19th inst., by Col. Daniel MeDougald, of Harris, and Dr. Robert Collins, of Macou, for the sum of thirty-five thousand dollars. The lines marking the reserve have not yet been run, but it is supposed will ex tend from the upper limit of this town to some distance below the center. The bridge now constructing across the Cluittaliooeh.ee river will rest on this reserve, and possibly the feny owned by the corpora tion of Columbus may land within its limits.
We learn from, one of the owners that this property has been pur chased with a view of establishing a, town on the opposite bank of the river, and with the design of enjoying the advantages and facilities afforded by the falls for milling and manufacturing purposes, and those presented by the erection of a bridge.
"We may get some idea of the extent of the export trade of Columbus for this year from the following statement of the outgoing commerce of Apalachicola. Exports from Apalachicola for the six months ending July 1st: Cotton, 16,000 bales; hides, 2,528; lumber, 491,000 feet; sugar, 129 hhds.; Staves, 40,000 ; vessels entered 64 ; cleared 67. Of course all this cotton was not shipped from Columbus, but all the cotton which Columbus shipped that year must have gone to Apa lachicola. It is probable that very little of the other articles (except perhaps hides) went from Columbus.
On the 4th of August, the Itinqiiirer, noticing the presents-

INCIDENTS.

35

tion to tile three banks of the town of bills to the amount of $93,000, all of -which "was promptly paid, said :
""Well done, Columbus ! ITour years ago a howling wilderness; now a handsome town, with a population of 1,800 souls and three banks in successful operation to meet their paper with silver if necessary. In addition to the heretofore rapid growth of our town, we notice on Broad street several large and costly brick buildings growing up, and a very extensive warehouse and other arrangements making to receive the cotton crop of next season. Twice the quantity of goods sold last year are being ordered for the ensuing fall and winter, and every preparation is being made to afford facilities for trade and pay liberal prices for cotton. The corporation is building a splendid bridge across tlie river, which will add mach to the beauty and convenience of our town. We have three churches, a theatre, a book store, and a circulating library, and last, but not least, a handsome public garden, now in successful operation. It is situated at the lower end of the town, along tho bank of the river, opposite that very abundant spring called Hansill's spring. This, garden, called "Spring Garden," was commenced last winter by Mr. Henry C. Plielps, and by whose Indus try and scientific taste, it has become a beautiful and pleasant resort for our citizens; at the same time affording a delicious harvest of all the various vegetables and fruits common to this latitude."
The following were the names, and the condition on the 1st
December of this year, of the three banks above referred to : The Farmers' bank, with paid up capital stock of $60,000, had bills
in circulation to amount of $91,881 ; deposits $32,579 ; silver $70,171 71 ; gold bullion $18,000.
The Bank of Columbus, "with a paid up capital of $120,000, had in circulation $229,972; deposits $13,603 50; silver $132,951 92; gold $301 50.
The Insurance Bank, with capital stock of $150,000, had in circu lation $101,299 ; deposits $7,965 28, gold and silver $70,375 72.
In December the Legislature passed an act to establish a Mayor's Court for the town of .Columbus.
INCIDENTS.
A gin factory was started early in this year by Ephraim
Brown. A treaty made with the Indians, this year, by the United
States Government, gave great satisfaction to the citizens of Columbus. By this treaty the Creek Nation of Indians ceded to the United States all their lands in Alabama, and were to

36

INCIDENTS.

be removed to a location west of Mississippi river within five years. The Choctaws had previously made a similar treatyThe Creek Chiefs signing this treaty -were Opotheoholo (he who " had no father or mother--thunder and lightning struck a hollow tree, and out jumped Opotheoholo,") Tuckahatchee Hadjo, EQematta, "William McGilivray, and Benjamin Marshall.
The receipt of goods in 24 days from New York was con sidered such a feat of rapid transportation as to call for special notice at this period.
The Bank of Columbus went into active operation in the spring. Gen. James C. ."Watson was President, Burton Hepburn Cashier, and James C. Watson, James Wads worth, Daniel McDougald, Lewis C. Alien and Jona. A. Hudson Di rectors.
On the 4th of July the procession was headed by the Mus keteers and the Temperance Society; prayer by Eev. Mr. Few, reading by James Childers, and oration by James A. Berthelot.
A female academy, under the superintendence of Misses Gunby and Grigg, was open in July; it was announced in December that Rev. John Baker had been employed to take charge of the male academy. Mrs. E. J. Smith had a music and painting school. G. J. McCleeky had an "infant school."
There was some alarm, this year, about the cholera, which prevailed in other places, but Columbus escaped.
The first load of new cotton of this year was brought in on the 27th of September, and on the 28th about 20 bales were received. Price 9 cents.
At the Presidential election, Columbus gave 252 votes for the Jackson (or Troup) electors, and 15 for the Clay (or Clark) ticket.
The Enquirer "was somewhat "stirred up" by the passage of three loads of cotton from Harris county through Coluimbus to Montgomery. Since that time the railroads have r ulated this matter better.

PERSONAL.

87

Cotton was quoted at 6^- to So. iri January, 9 cents in Sep tember, 10^- cents in November, SJ to 9 in December.
Steamboat arrivals during the year: Baltimore, Marion,
Plaqueininc, Georgian, Chattahoochee, Van Buren, Columbus. PERSONAL.
A. Tlamdl was presiding" elder, and I. A. Few stationed Methodist preacher in Columbus tins year.
"VV. D. Lucas had charge of the Columbus ferry and Mar shall's, grist and saw mills.
The following .served as grand jurors, spring term, 1832 : Jas. Colcmim, Win. Kirk, C. AT. Ionian, ITardomnn Owens, A. S. Oliiton, 11. IX Wynne, J. Thornton, U. W. Dillin^ham, T,. J. Uavies, L. O. All<!ii,I[. K. Hill, IT. S. Smith, J..L. Ciunihigluun, Olivcsr'Jeter, I). B. Niii\ w, Thomas Davis, Isaac 'W. "Webb, Wm. Rogers. The Temperance Society appears to have been active and flourishing. The following were the officers of this year:
Tlev, T: A PtHv, Prc-sideut; Tt-ev. John Baker, "Vice President, Gen. X. Howard, Secrelary; Cr. .K. Tlioiuas, Dr. J. J. Wilson, John (,'oloman, Hi ram Nonrso, C. E. TJartlett, ,J allies jSTorman and Wm. "Hoot, TJxi'fMitive (Jommittee.
A Health Committee for this year consisted of Drs. Childers, Clifton, Thorntoii, Broadnax, and Messrs. C. E. Bart-
lett, Phil. 1>. AVoodruil", A. B. Davis, and James ICivliri.
In October, W. I). Lucas \vas elected Senator, and A. J. Tliornlon and K. \V. ]5. Spivcy Representatives.
Thos. M. Dennis was acting Postmaster of Columbus, during- the latter part of this year.
Sol. Smith and company filled a theatrical engagement in
May. . Wm. T). Hargrove was' Sheriff; Win. Holland, Deputy
Sheriff; John Townseud, Clerk Court Ordinary ; A. B. Grif
fin, Clerk Superior Court. The grand jurors for the fall term were: Nicholas Howard, foreman; ,T, W. .Fannin, jr., E. "B. W. Spivey,
James Wodsworth, diaries T_J. Bass, Matt. .11. Evans, E. S. JSTortoii - J". L. Cmmiiighain, Win. Clark, Goo. ]ST. Ijangford, Stephen Kirvin,
J. P. Jackson, b. ]i. Andrews, Alex. Ligon, Wm. liogers, John Jolinstoii, Wm. Williamwon, Drury JVIims,
3

36

MARRIAGES AND DEATHS, ETC.

MARRIAGES. Feb. 16--Thos:. S. Martin, of Columbus, and Miss Mary Springer, of Carroll. March 29--James C4. Godfrey and MJHS Laura M. Pride. - April 18--David Lopez and MLss Catharine D. Hinton. June 26--John Spearman and Miss Mary Ann Butt. July 18--G-eo. W. Dilling-ham, of Columbus, and Miss Lucy E. Tieknor, of .Jones. July 25--G-en. .James 1ST. Bcthune, of Columbus, and Miss Frances Grunby, of Columbia County. Aug. 2f--Michael N. Clark and >Iiss Pamelia Hale. Dec. 17--Moses "yavbrough and Miss Harriet Harper.
DEATHS.
Feb. &--James Bosworth, formerly of Augusta. March 24--Harvey H. Squire, merchant, aged 23, formerly of Mas sachusetts. April 5--Mrs. Margaret Jeter, formerly of Lincoln county, aged 40 years.
April 12--Wm. A. Hitchcock, tax receiver, aged 32, son of Col. Jas. Hitchcook.
Oct. 20--Nathaniel P. Bond, Esq., formerly of Savannah. Nov. 14--James H. AVeslmoreland.
The following are names of business men or firms, not no

j-

,

.

bi'ougli, Hudson & Feltoii.

Jjlrickniiiith--Jona. P. Jackson.

Warehousemen--E. S. Shorter, B. P. Tarver & Jas. H. Shorter, W.

H. Harper & Felix Lewis, Morris <fc Evans, Fontaiiie, Morgan &

Pevvy, Wvu. H. Kiuibro\\gh.

Carpenter--Charles M. Sledge; Lawyers--John Schley, Milton &

Lawhoii; JJuokbi-nders--Purves & Parham, Van Ness, Bethune 1 &

Cliiie; Hotel Keepers--EHsha Tarver, John Love, Pomroy & Mon

tague; Druggist--Thomas Lang ; Doctors--Mills & Chipley, A. P.

Mauley, David Cooper, Wilson &Chijders ; Merchant Tailor--Thomas

Beard; Dentisl.*--11. S. Drake, A. L. Keagy, E. ir. Macon ; Cotton

H-uyers--Smith & Morgan, M. W. Perry; -Auctioneer--J3. S. Norton;

.Inx-tira-nce A.get\l--G-. \V. Dillingham ; Millinery--Mrs. Sledge, Miss

Eleonorix McCall; Livery titable--J. Beimett.

1833.
A Yecn- of Health and Steady Business -- Another Startling
Tra,/e.dy.
For the year 1333 we can /hid. very little of change or of remarkable incident on record. -Business appears to have moved steadily along, without either check or a great accele ration. Political excitement ran high between the Troup and Clark parties, and occasioned many personal controversies, the sad result of one of which forms the most startling inci dent in the history of the town for that year.
At the election on the first Monday in January, the follow ing municipal oulcers were chosen :
Iniettriant--Alien Lifiwhoii. Co'fii'iKisxioncrs--".Eli S. Shorter, Charles IX Stewart, A. S. Clifton, JumciS ~D. Lucas, Joseph T. Ivilgore, Hampton S. Smith. Sheriff rf Mayor's Court--W. I>. Hargrove. Clerk of Mayor's Court--John Townseiid. Officers elected by Iiitendant and Commissioners ; Clerk--Henry C. P helps*; Treasurer--8. E. Andrews; Marshal-- James C. Holland ; Clerk of Market.--P. W. Flynn.
On the same day the following gentlemen were elected
Judges of the Inferior Court of Muscogee county for ~tae en
suing year : Ebenezer Torrenee, James Hitchcock, Job Kogers, Alexander Scott,
and Aiidersoii Speer. The excitement on the subject of the cholera, which con
tinued its ravages in some parts of the country, was to some extent shared in. Columbus. The scourge reached Apalachicola, and its existence in that town, with which Columbus had such direct and indispensable communication, quickened
the apprehension on the subject. A meeting of citizens to consider the matter was held in June, and a report submit ted by a committee composed principally of physicians was

40

STARTLING- {TRAGEDY.

adopted. It recommended the strictest attention to diet, cleanliness, temperance, &c., and the keeping of the Indians out of town; but it did not recommend a quarantine against Apalachioola, though we find that navigation had not at that time closed for the summer. ColumVns escaped tlie cliolera, and we may add that; it has escaped during every visitation of this dreadful disease to America.
The tragedy to which we have above alluded, and which for a long time afterwards - caused rankling and bitter feelings, occurred ovi the 14th. of August. It "was the killing of MajJoseph T. Camp by Col. John Milton. They wore opposing politicians, Milton being a Troup, and Gamp a Clark man, and both were lawyers of ability. The quarrel commenced with a communication signed "Carroll," published in the Co lumbus Democrat, which harshly attacked Milton. The editor of the JJemocrat was Coaam TCmir Bartlefct, and upon him Milton made a demand for the name of the writer of the communication. Bartlctt refused to give the name, but avowed his own personal responsibility. - This led to a card from Milton, published in the J'ii-qui,rert in wliich he declared that no man of honor could notice Bartlef/t, because of his "debased condition in society." Milton further said in his card that he was satisfied that he knew the writer of "Carroll," and he proceeded to particularize him in such a way as to show that he understood Camp to be the man. Ho " venti lated" Camp's previous life, or some reported incidents in hia previous life, in a caustic manner. Gamp replied in a style equally contemptuous and abusive, neither admitting nor de nying that he wrote the communication. "Carroll," but con tending that B;irtlett's assumption of responsibility for it was sufficient on that point. The matter rested here, so far as newspaper controversy was involved, for about three weeks, but old citizens say that insults wore exchanged between, them, occasionally on the streets until the day of the killing of Camp. This event was thus noticed by the Knquirer of August 10th:

IXCIDEXTS.

41

" On Monday morning la fit Ma.j. Joseph T. Camp of this place was killed by Col. John Milton..
u As there had been existing- between, these two gentlemen "for some time a controversy, which has resulted thus tragically, and as we doubt not many and contradictory n-.ports have gone out in relation to it, we presume that our readers are desirous of bearing a correct account of the affair.
" That "we may be the bettor able to give this, we shall confine our selves to the testimony, which was heard before the examining court.
' L Immediately after the oecuiTem'e Col. Milton gave himself up to tlie civil authorities, and was brought before Judge- Thomas for examination. Upon the (examination, it appeared in. evidence that there liad been a long wtaudijig difficulty between the deceased and Milton ; that Milton had frequently understood recently that the deceased had. threatened to shoot him in the- street. On Monday morning- la.st, Mil ton was standing on the street near Gen. Howard's store, a.nd,sa.w Camp coming down the street in the direction of where he was stand ing--he slept into the store and picked up a double barrel gun and .shot Camp, discharging the first barrel into bis left breast and the other, as, he fell, into bis back. Upon the bearing of the testimony, the Court upon application admitted the prisoner to bail. On Thursday the grand jury found a true bill for murder, and on Friday the coun sel on the part or prosecution moved to have Milton committed ; upon hearing of argument the court decided lie should be admitted to bail."
IXCI'-DKKTS.
The territory acquired from the Creek Indians having been
divided into counties, in. December, 1832, by the Legislature of Alabama, the county of Russell was then, formed, and we
find that, early in 1833 some apprehension prevailed in CoIambus that the county seat would be located "on the "western bank of the Chattahooch.ee, immediately opposite Columbus, 1 '
and that this would be "the first movement towards the. es
tablishment of a rival town." The market house having been burned down (the exact
date not appearing-,) the Clerk of Council advertised on the
Oth of April for proposals to build a new one,""precisely as
the old one was, with the exception of a ceiling above, which
]s to be added." NOTTS.--The- files for the months of September and October, as well
as occasional numbers in other months of this year, being missing, some incidents worthy o,f note in the history of the town are no doubt lost to us.

42

I'E'K.SOXAL,.

The steamboat Georgia, on her wav to Columbus, was snag ged and sunk in December, with her whole -cargo. The goods on board belonging" to Colittiibrus mere hands' were insured. The boat was raised again, and was running in L834,
Latest quotations oC this year, Dec. 14: Cotton 9* to 10; Bagging 25 to 30; Bacon 15 to "IS ; Coffee 15 to 20 ; Corn 50 to 62 J ; Molasses 40 to 45; Sugar 10 Lo 14.
The eelebration of AVashington's birth-day was again one of interest. The farewell Address was read by Ii. T. Marks, and the address delivered by Samuel W. Floiimoy. John II. .Love was Marshal of the day.
I'KHSOXAIj.
Samuel K. Andrews was for a long time one of the most nsefi.il and trusted citizens of Colurnbns. jS"o man stood h.igl).er for unyielding integrity and an old-time candor and sincerity tliat commended him to the entire confidence of his fellowcitizens. Besides holding the office of Town Tren.surer, he "was for years an. Alderman and a Justice of the Inferior Court, which position he graced by his impartiality and good sense, ilc was a builder by occupation, and many edifices whose erection he superintended dot the city. He died in. 1862, at a good old age.
Dr. Stephen M. Ingersoll was a man of original views and much business enterprise. He removed quite early IjO Russell county, nearly opposite Columbus, and for some time gave the city trouble by his litigation for Alabama rights which' he claimed for the west bank of the river. He was much liked by the Indians, and, while he was prompt to inform the whites of any hostile demonstrations or intentions by the red men, he always opposed any harsh treatment of the latter. He ac quired considerable property in Russell - county, and had generally on foot some business enterprise in which the public were interested. He died two or three years ap;o, at an ago not far short of four-score.
Seaborn Jones removed from Milleclgeville to Oolumbus. lie was one of the shrewdest and most successful lawyers in

PEKSONATj.

43

Georgia, well versed in the pleadings, and managing his cases with au adroitness that often surprised opposing counsel. ITe was elected to Congress, this year, in a contest that greatly divided the vote of Muscogee county--both M. B. Lamar and John Milton opposing him, and Lamar especially taking off many votes that Jones would have received had lie not been .in the field. I~Ie made an able member of Congress, and was again elected in 1844, by a close vote, after a spirited contest with the able Whig candidate, Win. IT. Crawforcl of Suiatcr. He died March IS, 1861, in the ----- year1 of his age.
John Godwin, builder of the first bridge across the Chattahooohce, was a native of North Carolina, but removed from Oheruw, S. G., to Columbus after making the contract to build the bridge. lie did not reside immediately in the city foj? any length of time, but went over into Alabama, and lived in the immediate vicinity of Fort Ingersoll, a little military, post 011 the hill upon which the Baptist Church in Girartl now stands. A number of business men of Columbus lived there at that time, transacting their business in. town, during the day, and sleeping across the fiver at night.
Mr. Godwin was a man of much mechanical skill, and be came quite famous as a bridge builder. He was a most use ful man. in a territory such as this section, of Georgia and Alabama was at the time when he removed to it, and though he is now dead, some of his works of public improvement "live after him." lie acquired a quantity of valuable land in Russell county, and made some improvements far in ad vance of those common in the country at that time. He never filled or sought public office. He died in February, 1859, at the age of 61 years.
UlvsRCS Lewis was a, man of characteristics peculiarly fitted to impress and mould frontier society, and no doubt contrib uted much to the giving of tone to the civilization of both Columbus an.cl .Russell County, Ala., to which county he re moved, with the first wave of white settlement. He was sternly upright and just, with a courage for any emergency,

44
and a fund of hard common sense that made him the very man for leadership in such a country. After his removal to Alabama, he was for a number of yeans Judge of tin.; County (now Probate) Court of .Russell, and made one of the; best and most satisfactory county officers in the State. lie died in August, 1856.
Sol Smith, with his theatrical troupe, again entertained the citizens, in his own theatre, which, with the lot on which it stood (No. 147) and several other lots, were offered for sale by him in April. Palmer's Theatre and Yeaman's Circus also paid the town a visit.
Gov. Forsyth visited Columbus in May, and was tendered a public dinner, but declined.
On the 4th of July, the Declaration was read by Dr. E. L. DeGraftenreid, and the oration delivered by H. W. Flournoy-
On the 5th of July, llillery Triplett, (whoso name "was as sociated with several personal quarrels during the iirst year or two of the town,) was killed by ---- Cogbill, at the public house of George W. Elliott, in the vicinity of the locality on which the town of Crockettsville (afterwards Craw ford) wax built.
Col. Hardeman Owens, previously of Columbus, was killed at Ms residence in the Creek territory, on the 31st of July, by a party of United States soldiers.
The following are the names of steamboats given, in the list of arrivals during the year : Chattahoooh.ee, Columbus, Ver sailles, Georgian, Baltimore, Andrew Jackson, Van Buren. The two first named were new, capacious and elegant boats built expressly for this trade.
Rev. Ignatius A. Few was Presiding Elder of the District, and Bev. Jesse Boring stationed M. E. Minister for Columbus.
In March, Messrs. Van Ness and Cline having withdrav^n, James N. Bcthuno became sole proprietor of the A'M'/Mm-T.
The following persons served as grand jurors at tkc spring term of Muscogce Superior Court, 1888: Jas. Daniel, M. N. Clark, Henry Lee, John Fontaiiic,, Ea.rtlott Wycks, S. .R. Aii-

AND DEATHS.

45

rlrews, J. T. Kilgorc, Darius Cox, Tlieo. Sapp, Willis P.
Baker, James Hilev, B. Masses, Edward Cfirey, Thos. P. Bry-
an, Josiah Grimes, E. W. B. Spivey, William Rogers, Ohan-
cey Pomeroy, L. J. Dnvics and S. W. Langston.
Win. \i. Jeter bad editorial charge oi' the .Kiujni.rer durin
the latfor part of this year.
We find advertisements or other mention-of the following
business men not, hitherto noticed:
Merchant*---Jacob M. Johnson, Win. P. Mnjone, Win. IJeaidslcy & Co.,Grant & Whitti.'h, K. Blanc! & H. B. Milliken.
Doctiif.i--TiioH. lloxey. Jolin A. Uniuhart, II. W. 1'nniefi. L(nri/rr,-:--Samuel W. i'lonnioy, II. J. Harwell, Alfred Iverson, B. V. Iversoii. Calihirt, ,U.(/,rrs--TiiOK. W. Button, J. S. W. White: Ja'-efcrs-J. , A. S. Tumor & Co.: MMrncr--Mrs. (iiiyon : M/'n'lnml T<ii!or.^--Ge-o. \, H.&C. A. rcabcKly: Mi'ltrrTM Mnkhifj--MrK. Goorla.ll : l><ilr--V. \ ' T\.. Brorlee: Dcntink--Gabric.l S. Fislicr, 1. B. Drake, S. (.'. Caily: <7/fif/n'rr,s---Aycv & Smith : Twu-ha-x--Mr. Pwibody, Mrs. E. J. Smith, Mi-s. II. Bloiuo: J)i-wfj!tilii--Gc.o. W. I'lcitcliur & Co.
MAliJUAGICS.
,]an. 50.--liny. Andrew Ilnniill and Hiss Maria A. Torrence. Feb. 1'J.--'Win. I'rido arid Miss Caroline McCall. Majvh 7.--Richard Owens and Miss Martha Green. May !50.--Sampson Hall and Miss Helen Sanders.
DEATHS.
Jan. 18.--Mrs. Mary Jvcy, wife of MeGirt Ivcy. Feb. 15.--Mrs. Catharine Alford. Feb. 23.--Samuel Goodall. March 4.--Mrs. Catharine Malone. July 26.--Dr. Ga,briel Fisher, dentist.

1834.

' Mention is made among the incidents of a previous year, of the purchase of Marshall's reserve (opposite Columbus in

4-6

IVRTDGK DISPUTE.

Alabama) by a Columbus company. We find by an adver tisement in tlie Kriqnlra- that tin's company proposed to sell, on the 2d of June of this year, 500 building lots in the town of Girard, including the lot on which stood the; western abut ment of the bridge across the Chattahoocheo, also a valuable saw and grist mill and lots containing valuable water privi leges. We cannot find any report, of this sale in. the files for June or any other month of the year. But we learn that ex tensive building in Girard was going on in 18,'j-i and 1835.
tu January of this year the Legislature of Alabama passed an act authorizing Daniel McDongald, .Robert Collins, James G. Watson and Burton llepburn, (constituting flic company above named, to "make and erect all things necessary to the permanent erection of the western abutment of said bridge, (the bridge built by the town of Columbus,) on their own lands opposite the said town," and to receive one half of the tolls accruing from, said bridge, upon their payment to the Commissioners of one-half the .sura expended in building it. The act also declared that the, then existing location of the western abutment of the bridge should be permanent, and prohibited any person or corporation to land a bridge on the Alabama shore or to use a ferry within a space of two miles above or below. The act stipulated that the authorities of the county of Russell and those of the town of Columbus should fix the price to be paid by the company for one-half interest in the bridge, and in the event of their refusal or neglect to do so, then the Commissioners of Roads and Reve nue of Russell county should alone determine the value.
This proposition of a divided interest in the bridge wasnol accepted by the town of Columbus, and we have no record o1 the action of the Commissioners' Court of Russell county ii reference to it. But disputes as to the right of Columbus ti both ends of the bridge, and of the right of the State of Geor gia to both banks of the river, continued for a number c years, and led to vexatious conflicts of local jurisdiction an personal churns. The controversy assumed the form of lit:

BROKliN BANK, F.Tf.

47

gation ; the courts of Georgia decided in. fhvor of the rights of their State and Columbus, and the courts of Alabama de
cided iu favor of that State and i(,s citizens. Finally the Su preme Court of the United Stales decided, on appeal, that the State of Georgia had jurisdiction to the, extent, of ki<jh vMlcr
mark on both sides of the river. On the 8th of March the Enquirer ,said :
We now have six boats plying between this place and Apatachif.ola. They were ;i.ll built in Ohio and brought round by w;iy ot New Or leans. The first al tempt to construct a, .'boat iii our section lias been made within a few months. We understand a substantial light draft boat lias recently been launched at Fort (<ains by our enter prising fellow citizen, Captain (luyard. S!ic is called the ".Native Georgian," having beeji built ot Georgia timber by Georgia mechanic;-;. We hope thi.s laudable undertaking of Captain (J. will be liberally re warded by a full share of public patronage.
A meet-ing was hold at the house of Dr. E. L. do Graffenried, on the 17t.li of August, to ascertain the prospects (In- the establishment of an Episcopal Church. A,society was formed styled the "Columbus Episcopal Association," and the pros
pects were found to be most encouraging. The communica tion reporting the proceedings of this meeting said :
There are at this time three churches in this place in nourishing con dition, and it WHS remarked by one gentleman present that there were no re persons, present at the first meeting of this society than the other liree churches had at their commencement collectively. This shows iliat a little exertion on the part of those in favor of this movement is only wanted to insure complete success.
A bill to incorporate this Church was introduced in the '.legislature in November.
Two events of this year gave evidence, which would be deemed quite conclusive in our times, that the "trading town" was assuming both the airs and the dimensions of a city. These wore the possession of a broken Bank and the opening )f a race course. The suspension of the Bank of Chattahoo-
clice, in April, created the flutter usually attending such dis astrous events. In a few days thereafter an "arrangement" was made by which the Bank passed into the hands of a new
Directorship, composed of Gen. Alien Lawhon, Thomas L.

48

INCIDENTS.

/

Jackson, Col. John Milton and Robert: W". Games, of whom Gen. Lawhon was President, and 11. W. Carries Cashier. A

sails factory exposition of the affaire of the Rank wan promised soon, but it remained "suspended." The Kmjuirer attributed

the suspension of this Bank to a change which had been made

in its management. Business opened in a very lively manner this winter, as is

apparent from the following editorial of December 27th :
Our town the present week lias presented quite a business like ap pearance. Bales of cotton have rolled down one street, whilst up another sacks of salt and coffee, hogsheads of sugar, barrels of .strong drink and all manner ol! merchandise have moved to their places of deposit, on every imaginable vehicle, from the strongest road wagon to the humble wheelbarrow. On Christinas eve, we went to the wharf to see the cause of so much ado, and there we found seven beauti ful steamboats discharging and receiving their cargoes. Three of these boats are entirely new and on their first visit to Columbus--viz: The Eloisa, the EH en and the Southron. All are splendid crafts-- strong, beautiful and well adapted to the navigation of our river. Close beside these, "all in a row," lay our old acquaintances, the Columbus, Chattahoochee, Versailles and Georgian. All of these have done and are still doing good service. We hail these boats, old and new, as evidences of our prosperity, and shall be glad to see them and many more plying our river."

INCIDENTS,

The new steamer Columbus, Jr., struck a snag on the 23d

of February, and sunk. No lives lost,

This appears to have been the first summer that Columbus

enjoyed the luxury of ice. A " Columbus lea Company" had

been formed, and in March received seventy tons, which was stored in its ice-house. Our present venerable and respectec

citizen, James Kivlin, was the agent of the company for the sale of it.

The Siamese Twins exhibited in Columbus in March. The Enquirer commenced this year with bright, new type

making a handsome appearance, under the management o:

M. B. Lamar and W. B. Tinslcy. On the 29th of Match E

T. Marks took the place of Mr. Lamar; and on the 12th o:

April Win. B. Tinsley transferred his interest to W. L. Jelei

49
and S. "W. Flournoy. It was then for some time published by Marks, Flournoy & Joter.
A three days' cock fight commenced on the 1st of July.
B. A. G. Lucas, a former citizen of Columbus, was shot in his house, in the Creek nation, by an Indian, and killed, on the 2!)th of May; and on the same day Gen. Edward Feather ston, a citizen of Columbus, was waylaid by an Indian, whose gun snapped, and thus the (Jreneral escaped. Thus the two races drifted towards the war that soon followed.
Key. John Baker, pastor of the Presbyterian Church, died in Virginia on the 15th of June.
In the -ith of July celebration this year, a procession was formed in front of Bedell & Walker's City Hall, under direc tion of the following officer?: Presilient, E. S. Shorter; Vice Presidents J. S. Calhoun, Dr. lloxey and Kbenezer Torrence; Marshals of the day, Asa Bates and J. C. Holland ; marched to the Methodist church where prayer was offered up by Key. S. K. Hodges, after which the Declaration was read by E. S. Shorter, Ksq., and an oration delivered by Judge AV". T. Golqnitt. After the oration the company, amounting to three or four hundred, repaired to Messrs. Shorter & Tarver's warehouse where a large barbecue had been prepared by Be dell & Walker.
The " Columbus Merchant Mills" were completed tin's year, [three miles above Columbus, and were run by James Shivers j & Co.
In November the Kill/Hirer office, was set on fire by an inIcendiury, and narrowly escaped destruction.
The steamboat, Van Buren, loaded with cotton, was de[stroyed by lire, in December, while on her way from ColumIbus to Apalachieola. The passengers had to swim ashore, [but were all saved. The loss was estimated at -15,000.
In December the bill establishing the Mayor's Court of IColumbus was repealed.

Oi)

MARRlAGKrf AND OKATHri,

PERSONAL.
The following were officers of a "Sl.atc Eights Auxilliary
Association" organised this year: President--Alien Law lion. "Vicc-Prosidont.s--G. E. Thomas, J. S. CaHioun, M. I!,
L.imar, N. 1 Toward, A. S. Clifton. Secretaries--"II. "W. Games, Garret liallcnbeck. Treasurer--Samuel "\V. Flournoy. Printing and Corresponding Committee--M. Torrencc, K. S.
Shorter. W. T. Co'lqnitt, II'. J. Harwell, W. B. Tinsley, John Milton, J. N. Belhune.
Coinnritlee on Orators--II. Low is, J. A. Urqtdiari., C. L.
Bass, Win. I'. Maione, Thomas C. Evans, Win. D. llargrove, A. K. Ayer, Jos. T. Kilgore, II. A. Thornton, E. L. Wittich.
At the October election, Walter T. Colcjuilt was elected I
State Senator, and Win. L. Wynn and John Woollblk Eepresentatives.
MARRIAGES.
.Feb. 20.--A. C. Bostick and Miss Henrietta, C. Macall; H:tmj | Hrtll and "Xfiss JaueC. Ivcs.
Manrli (i.---ficdr^-c Jloiita^iie and Miss Miiiy Angeliiid I'avaon:-',. April 10--Simoon l j at.ill<> and Miss STan'iet Kirkland. Juno 15--\Vm. I). Hai'^rovos and Atra. Woo!foils, widow <>!' Somll| Wooii'elk. j\rov. 14--Jjatllo A. Sorsby anil Miss Elvira, daughter of James C'.J (Jook.
DIED.
April -2--Mrs. Jane Odniu, consort of John Odom. Ajii'il 117--Siinuiol, infant son of !l>r. Hilling. May o--Josi'ph F. Murray, a nativo of Noi'Lh Carolina. Juno 9--Mrs. Ann "Eli/abotli AVynii, wil'o, of Vfui. L. AVynn. Juno 1-2-- Mrs. Martha Hudson, wife of Jonathan A. Hudson. July i> --Samuel Sully, inerehant. July li--(leorgoS. Shivers, ES<I. July 29--Isaac A. Smith, a native of Connecticut. Aug. i)--Geo. W. Dilliiigham, a prominent merchant and i'ormei'ly of Massachusetts. A\i!4'. 1-4--John \"\7 . Stapler. Any;. 20-- ?>frs. ifartlia. Ann, wife of Moses Jones. Sept. 1--Miss Mary Arm, daughter of t"ne late Llov Elijah Tuner,

INDIAN TROUBLES.

51

Sept. 4--Henry P. Garrison. Sept. 9--Mrs. Mary Viuson, wife of Peyton Vinson. STov. 19--Mrs. Elizabeth Watson, wiiV of Gen. James C. Watson. Nov. 5--(In Uutheil'ord, X. O.) itrs. Harriet Camp, widow, of Maj. Joseph T. Camp. Business men whose advertisements, appear for the first
time:
Merchants--E. E. Powers, G. B. Terry, A. Bodge, M. B. Milliken & Co., J. B. Green & Co., ('ode & Mathews, K. Woodruff, Benj. Bouney, Peter Iluse, David II. Garland, E. I). Ledyard.
Dovlovs--J. II. Early; A. M. Walker. Lawi/ci-K-- Tluw. 0. MeKeen, Jolin T. Laiukiu, Josephus Eehols ; T<ul<>>;:--John (Jnin, F. A. Fail-child; Timelier:;--II. R. McC'liutoek, Miss Briggs ; Wurehoinse-- Augustus Heyward ; Deniist-- K. B. Martin.

1835.
More Indian Hostilities--Citizens Organized for Defense-- ColiimIIUK Guards.
As the files of this year and 1886 are missing from the Enquirer office, and we can find only three numbers (Jan. 10 to Jan. 23, 1835, inclusive,) our report of minor incidents and personal intelligence must needs be meagre. We have a file of the Macon Messenrjr.r for the year 1835, from which we ob tain some news of Columbus, and we presume that it would have made some mention of anything important occurring here during that year.
At the January election, the following municipal officers were elected: Intendant, James C. Watson; Commissioners-- S. E. Bonncr, A. S. Clifton, Asa Bates, J. P. H. Campbell, George W. Dillard, Lewis C. Alien.
Daring this year the troubles with the Indians increased, afid the outrages committed by them kept the whites con stantly in a state of excitement and alarm. The Indians had, |,by a treaty with the Federal Government in 1832, bound I themselves to remove from the Alabama territory, opposite

52

INDIAN TROUBLES.

Columbus, to their new homes west of the Mississippi, within 'jive years. But there was a large party (possibly a majoi4ty) opposed'to the treaty at the time, and as the period allowe^l
by it for their remaining in Alabama drew nearits close, they became sullen and refractory, and committed many outrage:) both upon the whites and upon those of their own race who
favored the treaty and its execution.
Among the outrages reported in the Enquirer for the few
weeks of this year above mentioned, are the following: Rev.
Mr. Davis of the Fresbyteriau Church of Columbus, was riding along the road, a few miles from town, when he was
ambuscaded and shot in. the right shoulder by a party of In dians. But he escaped death at their hands. /'But a few weeks ago (said the jE^TMrer ^ January 10) an innocent child, son of a respectable farmer of Kussell county, was shot
and inhumanly butchered by one of these merciless savages. Several others have beeu shot at and narrowly escaped with their lives. It is high time these bloody-thirsty beings should be hunted up and made to suiter for their crimes."
These and other outrages naturally aroused the citizens to the necessitv of organization for the protection of themselves
and their neighbors. We find in the Macon. #ea*Mtf/Kr the proceedings of a meeting of the citizens of Columbus, held
on the 25th of April, 1885, which we copy below :
In consequence of the present hostile attitude of the Creek Indians of Alabama, their numerous aggressions upon the property of citizens of Georgia, and their inhuman massacre of several unoffending indi viduals, a numerous meeting of the citizens of Columbus, Georgia, convened at the Court House in said town, on Saturday the 25th 01 April,to adopt such measures as might be deemed proper and necessary to quell the disturbances, and to protect from threatened violation the person and property of the inhabitants of Columbus and the territory in Georgia, adjacent to the Creek trile of Indians.
On motion of Johu T. Lamkin, Esq., the Hon. Grigsby E. Thomas was called to the Chair, and James Van 2{ess appointed Secretary.
The object of the meeting was stated at length by the Hoii. Eli 8. Shorter, and the meeting farther addressed by Geu. D. MeDougald, Rev. Mr. Harris, B. Martin, Esq., and Mr. E. L. Wittich, when the

RESOLUTION'S.

53

following preamble and resolutions, introduced by the latter gentle man, were unanimously adopted.
Whereas, recent acts of hostility upon the part of the Indians in the Creek Nation have induced the Grand Jury of this County to inves tigate the subject, to devise means to put the town of Columbus in a more complete state of defence, in case of actual danger and alarm : And whereas the Committee appointed by the, Grand Jnry and the Columbus Guards have met and consulted upon the best means neces sary to be adopted in the present unprotected state of the town, have thought proper to call a meeting of the citizens generally, and propose for their adoption the following resolutions :
Resolved, That the citizens present enroll their names in alphabeti cal order, and that they be divided into companies of ten each, com mencing at the first name on the list--one of whom shall be captain.
Resolved, That it shall be the duty of each company to patrol the town from 9 o'clock at night until daylight in the morning, for one night in regular order, commencing with the I'trst company.
Resolved, That each member when on patrol be required to be armed with a good gun and a sufficient quantity of ammunition.
Resolved, That when an alarm is given by the guard, each citizen repair forthwith to the City Hall, armed for active service.
On motion of J. P. H. Campbell, Esq., the following resolutions were adopted:
Resolved, That a committee of three be appointed for the purpose of submitting the proceedings of this meeting to the citizens of the town who are not present, and request them to enroll their names.
Messrs. E. L. Wittich, E. S. Shorter and M. R. Evans were ap pointed this committee.
The following resolutions, introduced by the lion. E. S. Shorter, were adopted:
Resolved, That a committee of three be appointed by the Chair, to correspond with the Governor of Georgia, to apprise him of the act ings and of the present state of our Indian relations, and respectfully request him to place a sufficient proportion of the military force of this part of the State in a situation for immediate service, and to place them under orders to resist and punish any aggressions which may be committed by the Indians upon the property, habitations or persons of our citizens, committed within our own limits, and if neci esaary to pursue them within the limits of Alabama.
Resolved also, That the same coinmitee be instructed respectfully | to.request the Governor to correspond with the Governor of Alabama, and to assure him of the perfect willingness of the people and author1 ities of Georgia to co-operate with the authorities of Alabama in any
4

54

COLUMBUS GUARDS.

measures which may be deemed necessary in repelling any, and all ag gressions of the Indians and punishing the offenders.
Messrs. E. S. Shorter. A. Iverson, and J. P. II. Campbell were ap pointed to compose that committee.
Gen. Daniel MeDougald introduced the following resolution, which was adopted:
Resolved, That this meeting recommend to our fellow citizens of Russell County, Alabama, to organize a force for the purpose of scouring the Comity, demanding of the Chiefs in the different towns the murderers of those of our fellow-citizens who have been, or may be killed; should any emergency arise requiring additional force, we pledge ourselves to render to them efficient aid.
On motion of Mr. E. L. WJttieh, it was-- Resolved, That Gen. D. McDougald te appointed to apportion the citizens enrolled into companies and to take charge of them in case of an emergency.
The Columbus Guards were organized by election of offi
cers previously, but they did not receive their commissions
until May of this year. They entered the State service under
Major General Daniel McDougald in December, 1835, and
were, on the 1st of January, 1836, mustered into the service
of the United States, from which they were "honorably dis
charged" on the 1st of September of the same year. The fol
lowing is the roll of the officers and privates as mustered into
service:
Officers--J. A.Urquhart,Captain; Bolit. A. Ware, First Lieutenant; Burton llepburn, Second Lieutenant; Hints Holt,Third Lieutenant; P. A. Clay ton, Fourth Lieutenant; Jolm Jones, First Sergeant; Samuel M. Jackson, Second Sergeant; David Hudson, Third Ser geant ; Robt. S. Flournoy, Fourth Sergeant; II. S. Wimberly, Fifth Sergeant; Henry B. Milliken, First Corporal; Geo. "W. Martin, Sec ond Corpora]; "Win. L. Jeter, Third Corporal; John S. Alien, Fourth Corporal; William Butts, Drummer ; Jolm Thompson, Fifer.
Privates--II. C. Anderson, Alien G. Bass, Chas. L. Bass, Asa Bates, G. W. E. Bedell, Jos. Bender, Ransom Bird, S. R. Cashion, John E. Davis,Alphonso Delauney,M. R. Evans, A. L. Grant, Jos. B. Greene, E. S. Greenwood, J.D. Greenwood, Thos. B. Goulding, Thos.G. don, Thos. P. Grimes, Win. Harper, Jas. L. Hill, J. P. Hitchcock, Henry Hodges, Jas. R. Hougbton, Theobald Houghton, Jas. D. Johnsou, Jacob M. Johnson Andrew P. Jones, Geo.-W. Jones, Jas. H. Jones. John D. Jordan, Henry P. Lathrop, Q. A. Lawhon, John H. Love, Lewis Livingston, Ben. F. Malone, R. T. Marks, Henry

INCIDENTS.

55

thews, B. Matthewson, Alien Mims, Wra. Mitchell,Monroe Mitchell, Jas. S. Moore, Jacob I. Moses, Richard W. Morris, Josiah Morris, E. Sigourney Norton, C. S. Pryor, Henry II. Randall, Jas. II. Rey nolds, Fraiicis Ruse, Thacker V. Rutherford, Thomas J. Shivers, Win. Salisbury, Chas. II. Stewart, John St. John,ThomesE. Taggart, Washington Toney, David E. Walker, John T. Walker, W. C. Williamson.
INCIDENTS.
Two of the fine steamers running the Chattahoochee were lost in January of this year. The first was the new boat Eloisa, which was entirely consumed by fire on her first voyage down the river from Columbus, during the first week in Jan uary. Her cargo and furniture were entirely lost. She was laden with cotton, owned by merchants of Columbus and elsewhere, but this was insured. The Eloisa was owned by Messrs. Stewart & Fontaine, J. S. Calhoun, B. Hepburn and Col. D. J. Britt, and was commanded by Capt. Britt.
The second boat lost was the Versailles, which was snagged and sunk, early in January, near Fort Gadsden, a short dis tance above Apalachicola. As her cargo consisted of cotton, she too must have been on her down trip.
C. E. Bartlett published at this time, at his farm near Co lumbus, a neat little paper called the Southern Planter, de voted to agriculture and domestic economy.
This must have been a winter of unusual severity, as we find that on the 9th of January a man named Blalock was found dead near the bridge, having frozen to death during a snow storm the night previous, and on the same night two Indians, in a state of intoxication, were frozen to death near
Columbus. Proposals to build the Episcopal Church were invited 'by
John Forsyth, jr., agent of the building committee, on the 1st of January. We understand that it was the same church building now standing on Oglethorpe street.
Books were opened in Columbus, in February, by Alien awhon, John Townsend and Nathaniel ISTuckolls, Esqs., for subscription to the stock of the "Pigeon Roost Mining Com-

56

MARRIAGES AND DEATHS.

pany," of Lunapkin county. The Miner's Record, referring to the incorporation of this company, said: " We are of opin ion that stock taken in it will be far more valuable than in any institution in the United States." A year later, in March, 1836, the- Macon Messenger mentioned as a curiosity the sight of a bank note or draft issued by " Pigeon Eoost Mining Company of Lumpkin county," made payable to A. Lawhon at Columbus, and signed Nicholas Howard, Presi dent, B. C. Dimmick, Cashier.
In December of this year there were exciting and well at tended races over the course at Columbus. At this meeting Col. Crowell's horse, John Bascomb, won the three-mile race, beating J. J. Harrison's Yolney, in quick time. This race won for Bascomb a fame all over the Union. He was short ly afterwards matched against Col. Hampton's fast racer Argyle, Hampton staking $17,000, and Crowell $15,000. The race was run at Augusta, and was won by Bascomb in hand some style. A little later Bascomb ran at New York his cel ebrated race with the champion of the North (Post Boy we believe,) and won in this match of " the North against the South."
Cotton was quoted in January, at 13c. to 15c.

PERSONAL.
Thomas Samford was the Methodist minister stationed at Columbus, and Charles Hardy P. E. of the District.
Wm. Holland was Sheriff, and Joseph T. Killgore, Deputy Sheriff; Jas. C. Holland, Jailor; Gerard Burch, Clerk of the Superior Court; John Townsend, Clerk of the Inferior Court.
In October, Hepburn was elected Senator, and Bonner and Calhoun Representatives.

MARRIAGES.
Jan. 11.--Isaac McGehee, of Girard, and Miss Martha H. Kennon, of Columbus.
Jan. 18.--Wm. Nichols and Miss Sarah Ann Field.

The following are names of business men mentioned in

1835, and not heretofore found in this compilation :

,

THE INDIAN WAR.

57

Merchants--Foster & Fogle, Benj. Bonney, Code & Matthews, E. I). Ledyard, WitticL, Greenwood & Co., William G. Porter, A. Dodge, David II. Garland & Co., Alien & Hill, B. Woodruff, Niles & Richards.
Lawyers--Marshall J. Wellborn, Philip H. Echols; Doctorx--,J. J. Boswell; Dentwtn--Dv. II. Balsan; Hotel or Boarding House-Keepers --Bedell & Walker, Wheelock & Willard, Isaac Mitchell.

1836.
Indian War--The First City Government.
This was a stirring year for Columbus. The work of re moving the Indians in small bodies to their home west of the Mississippi had been going on for some time, but there was a large and unruly party among them opposed to removal, and the presumption is that the members of this party remained as long as possible and thus acquired greater proportionate strength and influence. They did not bring the difficulty to a crisis by making a positive stand against removal, but they commenced hostilities by aggressions on the whites, some of which are noticed in a previous chapter, and others occurred early this year. Then followed local organization to protect the aggressors or commit other aggressions upon the whites settled in their territory, and finally raids across the river. There were undoubtedly grievances of which, the Indians justly complained. White settlers moved too soon into the ter ritory, and Indian reservations were often obtained for a mere song--sometimes, doubtless, by fraud. The General Govern ment at first endeavored to check these aggressions by the whites, to restrain their settlement in the Indian territory before the expiration of the time allowed for the lull removal of the Indians, and to remove the most conspicuous offenders. This condition of affairs on the border crowded Columbus with transient residents arid visitors. Being the place of great-

58

THE INDIAN WAR.

est ,ecurity, as well as the most accessible point along the line, people congregated here for safety, for temporary residence
until the troubles were over, and for speculating purposes during the continuance of hostilities, as well as for facilities
for rushing into the Indian territory as soon as the Govern
ment would permit and securing good land locations.
As our files of the Columbus Enquirer for the year 1836 are missing, this chapter must of course be lacking in person
al news and minor local incidents. But we have the file of the Macon Messenger for this year, and from it we glean much
information concerning the striking events of that period. The first newspaper mention of actual Indian hostilities
during this year, which we have been able to find, is in the Messenger of February 4th. We copy it entire:
"There lias been considerable excitement for a week or two past at Columbus, and in the vicinity, from apprehension of hostile inten tions 011 the part of the Indians of that neighborhood, and rumor has thrown in its usual contribution in making up all that was lacking in fact. On Thursday of last week it was understood that 500 Indians had crossed the Chattahoochee at Bryant's ferry, fifteen miles below Columbus. A detachment of twenty-two men. headed by Mr. John Watson, proceeded to the place to ascertain particulars. They there found forty armed Indians, who were returning to the ferry, who took cover and commenced firing. After some firing on both sides, two white men, Mr. Josiah Johnson and Mr.----McBride, were killed, and two wounded, and the whites then left the field,- and the Indians probably returned home.*
"From all that we can learn from people well acquainted with the Indians, we should not judge that there was a hostile disposition on the part of those Indians generally; but that there are outlaws and marauders who are ready to rob and plunder principally for provisions, and to fight whenever it becomes necessary. This we believe to be the fact, both with regard to these Indians and those residing below."
The above was the fight sometimes called the "battle of
Ilitchity." The commander of the whites was Col. J. H. Watson, formerly of Columbus.
This affair greatly excited the people of Columbus, and two
* Wo learn verbally from iin old oitixcu that ttio Indians wero retroatiri u-lum the whites r.'tmo up ;IIK! rashly fir<-<! uptm IJH.JH. 'Hit; Jn.jj;um tw]i cover under a bliifl', and being thus piotiH'ted iuught wilh great advantage on tl'.eir side.

THE INDIAN WAR.

59

companies were formed, under the command of Alexander McDougald and J. II. P. Campbell, who left Columbus during intensely eold weather and repaired to the scene of hostilities; but they found no Indians.
The Columbus Guards, organized previous to this outbreak, J. A. Urquhart, Captain, were actively engaged in service during these hostilities, and other companies were formed for the occasion. One was an artillery company under Captain Hoxey; another, the Cadet Hi lies, under Capt. T. C. Evans; and another, the Muscogec Blues, under Capt. P. T. Schley. All these companies performed good service, and were hon orably discharged when hostilities ceased.
On the 14th of April, the Macon Messenger said: "The Creek Indians, below Columbus, are said to be almost with out provisions, and in a sullen, discontented mood. They are very much dissatisfied at not being permitted to hunt in Georgia (where game is much plcntier than in Alabama,) and declare their intention to do so at any risk as soon as the leaves put out."
From the same paper, May 12th: "Our accounts from Co lumbus are of a most alarming character. A war has already been commenced, and a number of citizens killed. The Creek Indians, below the Federal Road, are all in arms and killing every white person they have fallen in with. There has been less known of the hostility of those above, but it is most probable that all are combined, and that the movements are simultaneous through the whole Nation. They com menced their general work of slaughter on Monday, the 10th inst. Previous to this, on the 5th of May, Major Wm. B. Flournoy, late of Putnam county, in this State, was killed a,nd scalped a few miles below Fort Mitchell. A letter from Col. Crowell, the Agent at Fort Mitchell, dated the 9th, says that 'four persons have been killed and many negroes taken oft' within a few days'; that lie had sent a messenger to some of the principal chiefs, who had returned him word that their young men were bent 011 war, and have assembled in the

60

THE INDIAN WAS.

swamp near the Federal lload to attack any troops that might march into the. Nation.
"The Indians have taken possession of Hardaway's Ferry, eight miles above Columbus. Word was sent into Columbus by Ben Marshall, a halt" breed, that the Indians intended to burn that place on Tuesday night. Dr. Ingersoll, an enroll ing agent, who was in the Nation, at or near Talladega (not the present town of that name), found them to exhibit so much hostility that he was compelled to leave and come into Columbus. Great numbers of people, supposed to be about 2,000, who reside west of the Chattahoochee, had come to Columbus for protection. A company of about twenty men, who went out of Columbus on Monday a few miles, to protect and bring in some families, returned in safety and effected their purpose. Another company of about one hundred men, on Tuesday, went into the Nation eight miles to the Uchee bridge, on the Federal Road, and brought in some straggling settlors, but did not see any Indians. Fifteen dead bodies were seen by the flying inhabitants, who had been shot by the Indians and were lying in the road, five of which were brought into Columbus. Of course, all is confusion and dismay."
In the month of May following these events, as thq steamer Hyperion was heading for Columbus, she was nred upon by a party of Indians from the Alabama shore, opposite Woolfolk's Bend, some eight miles below the city. During this Gre the pilot at the wheel, a brother of Capt. Brockway, "was shot dead, at Ms ^ost, and the engineer and one or two oth ers were wounded. Fortunately tlie^oat o.hite& to \?a& SeoTg&&
escaped capture. The surviving oiScers and on the Georgia side to town, and reaoAeof Aon shortly after dark on Sunday night. The news spread rapial; and created a big sensation and terrible scare in Columbus. jRcv. Mr. Few received the news while preaching at the Methodist Church. He came quietly out of the pulpit, broke the tidings gently to his congregation and adviticd all to

TJIK INDIAN WAR.

6]

main cool and self-possessed. A volunteer company was formed in the church, and the preacher was elected captain. This company was detailed for a special guard of the town during the night, and arrangements were perfected on the spot for stations, posting guards, relief of sentinels, &e. W. B. Mitchell was made night officer. This company remained in this service four or five days and were then disbanded.
In May, also, occurred the attack on the stages;, which cre ated a greater sensation throughout the country than any previous act of Indian hostility. Two stages carrying the United States mail, going from Columbus to Tuskegec, Ala., were attacked about eighteen miles from Columbus. The Indians killed Mr. Green, one of the drivers, and two horses, and robbed the mail. The next day a party of .fifteen men started to corne through to Columbus with two stages. Some of these men were passengers and others volunteers who ac companied the stages to assist in their protection. Among the latter, was young Samuel G. Ilardaway, late of Montgom ery, Ala. At the same place where the stages had been attacked the day previous, this party was also attacked by a body of Indians who had been following for some distance. The horses took fright at this place, ran out of the road and got entangled, and then the Indians came up and commenced the attack. Two of the men were riding on boresback, and kept on. The others got out of the stages to fight the Indians, but most of them unhitched and mounted the stage horses and ran off. Ilardaway and two others, on foot, followed behind. The Indians got ahead of them and fired, killing--McKay and another man, a New Yorker. Ilardaway was not hurt, but ran tQ,wards a swamp, two Indians following. Ho shot one and reached the swamp. The other Indian followed, and Ilarda way shot and killed him. He remained in the swamp, wilJi the dead Indian, three days, eating only young and green whortleberries. When the buzzards began to swarm around the dead Indian he left the swamp and struck the road where the two white men lay dead. The Indians soon pursued him

62

THE INDIAN WAR.

in to the swamp again. The next night he went back into the road, where the two men were lying, scalped, and took the road for Tuskegce. On the outskirts of Tuskcgee he was hailed by Gen. Thomas S. Woodward, and hospitably received. The party on horseback eame through to Columbus safe.
Sam Ilardaway served in the Texan army under Gen. Sam Houston, in the light for the independence of Texas, and had a number of hair-breadth escapes from Mexicans. He was more recently an oiliccr of the Confederate army, and com manded a company at the Jlrst battle of Manassas. Ee died in Montgomery about two years ago.
The Columbus #e?'M of the 22d of May said that there were in Columbus, on the 20th of that month, about 1,200 troops ; also that the Indians had destroyed the property of faddy Carr and taken away his negroes, seventy-seven in number. Ik is also stated that Gen. Woodward came through the Creek Nation from Tuskegee to Columbus on the 28d, with only eight Indians and eleven white men, anA TepoTteA that there wore TOO friendly Indians at that place, who were ready to take up arms. Gen. Woodward afterwards re turned through the Nation to Tuskegee, with only eight men.
The Oglethorpe House, then not quite finished and not yet opened for a Hotel, was taken possession of, and used as a military headquarters and barracks. In case of an alarm or an attack upon the city, the citizens were requested to repair immediately to the Barracks for safety and protection. A number of families (ladies with their children) would go to the Oglethorpe House and stay at night and return home next morning. This was done for some two weeks.
When the Indians commenced their indiscriminate murder and slaughter of the citizens of Alabama, there was a perfect stampede of the citizens For thirty to forty miles out in that State and Home very distressing and exciting scenes. Some neighborhoods hearing of the depredations of the Indians, would unite together and take such as they could of their most valuable effects and start for Columbus. Rome of these

THE 1XM.AS WAR.

()S

parties would be attacked on the road, and some of them killed;
mothers and children scattered and separated, not knowing
who was killed or where they were for days in some cases;
and for one day and night, the bridge at Columbus was
crowded with the refugees from Alabama, coming in all sorts
of style ; some in wagons, some on horseback, sonic on foot--
mothers calling for their children, husbands for their wives,
and no response to their cries. They were met and cared for
by the citizens of Columbus and every assistance rendered
that could be under the circumstances.
On the 18th of May, the A^M;')vr gave this account of the
situation at that time:
"A largo body of Indians, variously estimated t from 5(X) to 1,5W warriors, have congregaLed about twenty-live, miles southeast front (his city, and are scouring tlie country in all dilutions from their hiding place, or headquarters, indiscriminately butchering our neighbors,men,women and children, plundering their houses, destroy ing their stock, and laying waste tliuir farms. Uu Monday last this ity presented a scene of confusion and distress, such us we never lx?ore witnessed. Our streets were crowded with wagons, carts, horses tud footmen, ilying for safety from the rule and tomahawk of the Inlians--many of them having left Miind their all of earthly possessions, rnd some their protectors and friends, husbands, wives and children, ?ho had fallen before the murderous savage. AVe have becfi unable to scertain with any certainty the number of those who have been murkrcd by these lawless savages. AVm. Flournoy, Maintnond,McKis-
wife and overseer, Davis, Ilobbs, several negroes, and in all irobably many others (we fear Dnet. Welborn among them) have))een tilled, and the Indians are yet pursuing their bluody work."
The .FM^M^* of the next day, (in an extra, we suppose,)
contained the following article:
''Previoiis to our last publication all the settlers below the Federal Bead had come in. Since that time the Indians have destroyed a hmily (Mr. Davis', consisting of soven persons,) afewmilesabovo the Federal Itoad, and many of the settlers in that neighborhood have led to town. The plantations be.low Foil Mitchcll havo been hurne.d
a few nrgroes aro Jiiissing. McveJ'al large buildings on tlwse planbtiuns wisro burned to the ground on Tuesday and Wednesday nights. Tlie bridges :ds on Hig (Jchecand Little Deliee have been burned. The furniture of all tlmde.Mertcd houses, wliich havelieen visited, is
and cattk; killed.

64

Tin? INDIAN WAR.

"A scouting party of fifty men went out yesterday, but returned without finding Indians, except a small party of friendly Indians, who were coming in for protection. Last night it was expected that the %)]antHtions in Hroken Arrow Rend, from three to seven miles below this, would be burned. A party of forty whites and fifteen friendly Indians, repaired to the place, to defend the plantations. They re turned this morning. The Indians did not show themselves. This morning a letter was received from Marshall's settlement, Qfteeu miles above this, containing information that the neighborhood had yesterday embodied themselves, (thirty in number); they had a small brush with about fifty Indians, killed one and wounded several others. So that it is certain that they are hostile above the Federal Eoad also. From all that wecan learn, the Hitchetees, Uehees and Tallasaees, are all hostile. This is the opinion of Nea-Micco, the head chief.
The Macon jff--MSMy/er of the 19th of May, (whose editor had
just returned from a visit to Columbus) said of the scene here
presented:
The city and vicinity of Columbus presents a truly distressing seen? Hundreds, probably a thousand, are encamped--some occupying ware houses, and every description of building that could be furnished, am many others with scarcely any protection from the elements. Mo who had the means, or friends within reach, have retired to the coiui try. The corporate authority of Columbus has furnished assistanc for the destitute; but this source is precarious, as a scarcity of pro? sions must ensue, as forces accumulate to carry on the war.
At that time about three hundred friendly Indians hai come in, and were camped on the property of Ben Marshal oo the west bank of the river. Two hundred were at Tuske
gee, and fifty at Fort Mitchell.
Gen. Scott was in chief command of the United State troops, and controlled all military operations, with his head
quarters at Columbus. Gen. Jessup was also hero, second ii command to Gen. Scott. Early in June, Gen. Jessup left Co lumbus with an escort of about 200 men, for Tuskcgee, when he was to take command of the Alabama troops. The Geor gin, troops were then encamped on the west bank of the Ghat-
tahoochco. The number of Indian warriors professing to friendly was estimated at about ],000, and the hostiles
about 6,000.

THE TXPIAIsr WAR.

65

The Columbus Sentinel at this time published tlie following

list of Georgia companies that had arrived:

Corps.

G'a/i/rt'mx.

-No. Men.

Harris Drafted Men........... .Vardeman,...................02

Talbot do. do. ............Miller, ....................... r>()

Pike Volunteers (cavalry)....... 1 jynch........................ S<)

Monroe Drafted do. .......Stewart,......................80

Mouroe Volunteers............. Plewellen,....................74

Houston do. .............Deanard,.....................54

Jasper Drafted.................Hoe,.................... .....54

Jasper do. .................Lane,.........................48

Jones do. ................. 1 hu'deman ^...................^

Talbot Volunteers.............. Kush, ........................90

LaFayette Cavalry............ .Stinson,......................53

Gwimiett do. ............ .Garmauy,........ ............70

Houston Drafted............... Smith,....................... 101

Upson

do. ...............Crate,........................70

Monroe Infantry................ KuHKell ^......................A^>

Bibb Volunteers (cavalry)...... .McCall.......................41

Heard Infantry.................Dent.........................44

Columbus Guards............... Urquliart..................... Oii

Muscogee Drafted.............. Coleniau ................. ... 07

Muscogee Cadet Riflemen...... .Evans........................70

Muscogee Artillery.............Iloxey........................5H

Troup Drafted..................Ilardin.......................95

Morgan Volunteers.............Porter........................01

Taliafarro do. .............Sanl'ord.......................78

Laurens do. .............Troup.........................50

Marion Drafted................. Berry.........................50

Meriwetlier Drafted.............ISloan ........................ ,(s4

Troup Cavalry.................. Kend rick..................... 73

Gwiunett do. ..................Bead .........................01

Upson Drafted..................Bell ..........................07

Baldwin Cavalry...............Gaither.......................54

Henry

do. ............... Love .........................OG

, Henry Infantry.................Dobson.......................71

Butts Drafted..................Ileiidrieks....................7;-!

Ogletborpe Volunteers..........Hill..........................10:J

(Joweta

do. .......... Andersou............ ........87

Pulaski Drafted.................Hodges.......................32

Greene Volunteers.............. Dawson ..................... VK

Wilkes do. ..............Toombs.......................60

Clarko do. ..............Ligon .......................luO

Twiggs do. ..............Pearson.......................38

Coviugton Blues.....;....... ...Floyd.........................84

Newton Greys.................. Loyd........................ 100

Wilkinson do. ..................Barney.......................05

The Enquirer of June gives the following account of an at-

aok on the steamer Metamora early in that month:

On Saturday an attack was made on the steamer Metamora, Loyd, !aptain, which at that time contained the following companies, viz : Japtaiu Booth's company, Pike Guards, from Alabama; Captain.

06

THE LYD;AN WAR.

Adair's company of llamlolph 1'lnes, and dipt. Snelgrove's company from Randolph Co., Georgia. In consequence of the Indiana having made frequent attacks on Hie boat passing np and down the river, these troops, who were at that time in Irwinfon, determined to pass np in order to olitain a brush with them. The entire company were not ordered on lids duty, but those who came volunteered their ser vices for tlie purpose. The J'ike Guards are a mounted company, but so strong was tlie belief that the boat would be attacked, that they left their horses in Irwhitou, to which place they returned on Wednesday. These troops were marched on board the boat about two o'clock on Saturday morning, during ;i heavy rain, to tlie amount in numbers of about one hundred and lil'ty men.
One third of the Georgia, troops at least were without arms or am munition. The boat got under way from Irvvinton about daylight the, same morning, and passed on without interruption about live miles above Koanoke, when a fire was opened upon her from the Ala bama side of the river. The firing was warm and Listed about ten minutes. If was returned with equal warmth and spirit from the boat, and the boat as soon as practicable run ashore, when the troops embarked and formed upon the bluff above. After the boat landed the firing ceased; it was then determined to march back to the place where we were first assailed, and drive back the Indians; but it was found that the creek would have to be passed before the enemy coukl bo come up with. To pass this creek, covered as it was with, thick \\Ui.U1 YS!;\'O'\YUw,\\".\s deemed to be, imprudent. The troops were accord
ingly again embarked, and the boat aga'm gol vmiWr vr;vy. Ii\ t\ris at tack a man by the name, of Samuel liutler, belonging to the Pike Guards, and one of the boat hands, (name unknown) were severely wounded. The number of Indians killed has not been ascertained with uny certainly, but it is believed they lost at least three, who were seen to fall. Report says that fourteen dead bodies were found at the place of the attack. Some live miles above, the boat was again at tacked, and a running (ire kept up for several miles. The Indians, in this attack, did not appear to be numerous at any one place, but only showed one or two at a time, when they were immediately fired upon from the boat. It is believed that more damage was done the, Indians in this attack than in the former. One man, 1-Jerij. Owens, of the Pike Guards, was wounded--it is feared mortally--in this engagement, lie was shot while standing in the after part of the boat aft of the ladies' cabin.
After this engagement, the boat met no further interruption until she arrived at this place, which she did about \"Z o'clock Sunday. The wounded have been removed from the boat to a comfortable room and every attention necessary has been paid them.

THE INDIAN WAR.

(>7

Capt. Booth, in behalf of himself and the, company tie eoiitmnnds, lias desired us to return to the citi/ens of Columbus his wannest thanks for the attention bestowed by them, and particularly the ladies, upon his wounded.
There were two or three a I. lacks made on the steamers Metamora and Ilyperion, during their trips up and down the river, but they resulted in no material advantage to either party.
Some of the acts of Governor Sehloy, of Georgia,, and oPGovernor Clay, of Alabama, in reference to lliopc Indian depreda tions, were much condemned in Columbus. The people of Columbus wanted Gen. McDougald in chief command of tintroops raised for the defence of the frontier, and Gov. Sebley, disregarding their wishes, appointed Gen. San ford to the com mand. It was also said that Gov. Sohley declared thai ifGen. McDougald had crossed tho Cliatlahoochee while he was in temporary command, he (Gov. S.) would have liad him arrest ed. Fault was found with Gov. Clay for restraining tho Ala bama troops from marching into the Indian Nation, and for proclaiming the war over and the Indians peaceable while they were committing some of their worst acts. Ijol.h these Governors, it would appear, had to perform the difficult task of sustaining the policy of the federal Administration (of which both were supporters) and at the same time satisfying the demands of the settlers on their frontier. The Adminisration at "Washington was desirous of avoiding harsh pro-
eedings against the Indians, and the excited white settlers vanted summary and rigorous measures adopted.
One oi the most troublesome and active of the hostile Li lians in the neighborhood of Columbus was a half-breed named Jim Henry, who, it was said, pushed his recounoisances and raids into the immediate vicinity of the town. We ind the following notice of him in the Columbus IleruM oi" he 31st of May : "A half-breed, by the name of Jim Henry, at the head of I GO, aH like himself chokiny ior the blood of white men, has been prowling the nation like a hungry wolf, and committing depredations wherever

68

THE INDIAN WAR.

lie went. On Saturday last a rumor reached the city, that himself and band were within twelve or fifteen miles of the river. Gen. McDougald promptly called for volunteers to cross the river, at 11 oclock at night, and they came forward with alacrity from the Columbus1 Guards, and Capt. E vans Kille corps, to the amount of eighty or one hundred men, who marched into the nation at the hour of midnight in search oC the savage foe, and after having traveled all night with out being able to discover the enemy, returned to their encampments the next morning. The following night Jim Henry and his gang ap proached within six miles of town and burned the Uchee bridge, crossed to the Georgia side, of the river, and committed depredations by killing and destroying the horses and property of Mr. John Vic tory, whose plantation is about twenty miles below Columbus."
It early became apparent that it was the purpose of a por
tion of the Indians, who were opposed to removal west of the
Mississippi, to cross the Chattahoochee below Columbus, rav
age the Georgia counties, along their route, and cut their way
through into Florida, there to join the hostile Seminoles.
Others contemplated a similar march across the lower coun
ties of Alabama into Florida. An expedition, under com
mand of Major Thomas Iloxey, was organized at Columbus
to join other forces and follow or intercept one of these In
dian parties, and, after going as far as Fort Gaines by steamer,
struck across the country towards Flint river, following the
Indian trail as far as Baker county, where it was lost in a
swamp. The expedition returned without encountering the
Indians. The party of Indians which they were following
was supposed to number about two hundred. They commit
ted great depredations and killed a number of whites on their
march.
From the Columbus Enquirer, June 4th: "Since our last publication nothing of much importance has trans pired worthy the attention of our readers. Troops are arriving daily, and every preparation seems to be making for an active and vigorous campaign, and we indulge the bope that in a few weeks our savage foe will either be exterminated or made to succumb to the brave and patriotic troops who are anxious to be the avengers of the murdered women and children who have fallen victims to savage barbarity. We have understood that orders have been received to make 110 treaty with them that does not have for its basis their immediate emigration

THE INDIAN WAR.

69

to their destined homes in the "West. We subjoin below such items
of intelligence as have come to hand. "Qu Thursday morning last Scipio, a negro fellow well known to
the citizens, arrived in town having made his escape from the Indians the night previous, he stated that the Indians to the amount of about three hundred were assembled between the Big and Little Uchee, un der the notorious Jim Henry, a half-breed, known to have been the leader of the party who attacked and burned Boauoke. They have with them a large quantity of plunder, negroes, money, &c., which they have stolen from the whites. Having glutted their appetite for plunder and burned and destroyed everything that came within their reach, their intention was to leave for Florida as soon as practi
cable. "Two other negroes attempted to make their escape with Scipio, one
of whom came in with him, the other separated from them, and was probably shot by the Indians who pursued them.
"On Saturday night the Guards and Riflemen, under Col. Bates, crossed the river about 11 oclock, and proceeded about two miles west of Girard, on the new road. The object of the expedition was to ar rest any Indian spies that might attempt to come near Columbus. They were so stationed as to command every pass to this city; but returned on Sunday morning without seeing the least sign of an
Indian. "An express reached here on Sunday morning, that the Indians had
crossed the river about one mile of Ft. McCreary, and burned and de stroyed the plantations of Mr. Quaiies and Mrs. Brewer and murdered the overseer of the former. The express stated that it was evidentlytheir intention to retreat into Florida, and that they could be traced oil their march for some distance in that direction. The Upson Cav alry were ordered immediately to march to their assistance, and unite with the troops already there under Major Howard, who will scour the country in all directions.
" Sunday morning three Indians were brought in by a small party of white men, who assisted them on their way to jSTeah Miccos camp. They professed friendship, and showed a pass given them by Tom Car, but were very properly detained and put under guard. Two Cusseta chiefs and one white man arrived in town the same even ing, from the camp of N"eah Micco. They state that JSTeah-ah-Mathla, arrived at Neah Miccos just previous to their leaving, and said that lie was friendly to the whites that he left his own camp to prevent his people from killing him that they were mostly hostile and dis posed to fight, but that he was bent on peace. He denies ever haying received any message to come in, and said it never was his intention to be hostile. They were examined on Monday by Gen. Saiiford and

70

THE INDIAN WAR.

stated that they were sent by the two chiefs as embassadors, to learn in what manner they would be treated should they wish to come in and be friendly. They were sent back with instructions to inform the two chiefs that they must come in immediately--that if they remain ed where they now are they would be considered aa hostile and treated as such.
"We leam from a gentleman, recently from Chamlters county, Ala., that most of the Indians in that part of the Nation have come in as friendly. All that are disposed to be hostile have left there and have probably joined Neah-ah-Mathla, or some other hostile chiefs.-- He states that parties of volunteers, made up from the settlers, and from Meriwether, Troup, &c., have made frequent incursions into the enemy's country--killed a dozen Indians, in all, given protection to those disposed to be friendly, and driven the hostiles down into the counties below. A letter published in another column, gives a brief account of the different expeditions against the savage marauders. They have been promptly and gallantly met and driven from their strongholds by the whites, who have since returned to their homes, where we trust they may enjoy the peace and security so well earned by their bravery.
" The Indians near this place and Fort Mitchell have destroyed the bridges over all the water courses, and are endeavoring in every way in their power to obstruct the passage of the troops who may be sent to subdue them. On Sunday night they advanced within six miles of Columbus and burned the Uciiee bridge."
A spirited and hotly contested engagement, fought on the
9th of June, is thus reported by the ^M^?rer;
" One of the most serious and desperate engagements that has ever happened since the commencement of the present war took place about three miles above Fort Jones, on Thursday last. About forty of the Gwinnett cavalry, under Capt. Garmany, were stationed at the house of Mr. Shepherd, the balance of the company having been de tailed for some other service. Capt. G. in the forenoon of that day had promised Col. Jemigan, who was then out on a scouting party, to assist him in ease he was attacked. At three o'clock in the evening firing was heard at a distance, which was supposed to be an en- , gagement between the aforementioned scouting party and the In diana. Capt. Garmany immediately set off on foot with hia forty men, who, after proceeding about half a mile, discovered several Indiana, who retreated towards a branch to their main body, consisting
of about 260. "The whites advanced and attacked them, when a battle of more
than two hours ensued. It was evident from the movements of the enemy that their object was to out flank and surround the command of

THE INDIAN WAR.

71

Capt. Garmany, who ordered a retreat back to the house. The In dians pressed upon his men, keeping up a constant fire, which was re turned with the. desperate courage of those who were determined to sell their lives as dear as possible. Nothing could have exceeded the bravery of this little band, who though compelled to retreat, disputed every inch of ground, and sent many a tawny savage to his last ac count. Capt. Garmany, whose name will be remembered for his in trepid and dauntless conduct, slew three of his merciless assailants, after he had retreated to the house--one of them after he himself had been shot down. His men, too, no less brave than himself, kept up a constant fire upon their pursuers, until the arrival of a reinforce ment of about twenty men from Fort Jones, who charged the Indians and relieved for the time the exhausted troops that had fought the first hard battle. Tin's reinforcement being, however, too small to contend with the overwhelming force of the enemy, were compelled to retreat, after fighting ten to one for almost half an hour. In these engagements some twenty-five or thirty Indians are said to have been killed. Those who have since visited the battle ground suppose from the sign that was left, that the number slain was much greater. Whatever rumor may say of this fight, there can be no question of one thing, that every man engaged in it did his duty, and fought with a courage rarely equaled and never surpassed, by inexperienced volun. teers. Gwinuett and Stewart counties have a right to be proud of their sons, who in the hour of trial, have nobly done and nobly diedJ. V. Tate, James II. Holland, Win. Simms, James M. Alien, Robert Holland, James C. Martin, Henry W. Peden, and Isaac Lacy, of the Qwinnett Cavalry, were killed; Capt. Garmany, Mr. Alexander, Mr. Hunt and Mr. Step were wounded. Of the reinforcement from Fort Jones, Robert Billups, David Delk, Esq., Mr. Irwin, and Mr. Hunter were killed."
Gen. Jessup. after going through the nation, .with his escort,
to Tuskegee, organized an expedition there to scour the In
dian country for the purpose of intimidating the Indians and
capturing their hostile leaders. Gen. Scott, with the Georgia
troops, was then on their eastern borders, near Columbus.
Gen. Jessup took up Ids line of March from Tuskegee on the
12th of June, with about 800 effective men and two field
pieces. In the evening of the same day Gen. Woodward fol
lowed the white troops with between 300 and 400 friendly
Indians under the chief's Jim Boy and Tuckabatchee Harjo.
The friendly Indians were so impetuous that they had to be
allowed to take the lead. On the 15th, at a place known as

i2

THE INDIAX WAR.

the Big Spring, they captured the noted hostile chief NcaliKrnarthla and his son, and Gen. Jessup sent them to Fort Mitchell. The next day Jim Boy and some of his warriors penetrated to Neah-Micco's camp on the Big Uchee. They found it extending along the swamp for two miles or more, and richly stored with plunder. (Neah-Micco had previously gone in and declared himself friendly, but the camp was oc cupied by hostiles.) One hostile Uchee Indian was killed here, and twelve taken prisoners. That night Opothlayoholo, with 1,100 friendly Indians and a few whites, joined Gen. Jcssup's forces. The next day, Neah-Emarthla's camp, in Jlatehechubbee swamp, was entered, but that chief had been raptured. Here Gen. Jessup encamped.
The Georgia troops under command of Major General Sanford, numbering about 2,500 men, took up their march down the river on the 20th of June, to co-operate with the troops under Gen. Jessup advancing from the west--it being evi dently Gen. Scott's plan to pen in the Indians between the two armies, and by scouring the intervening country capture the whole of them.
After these operations and movements of Gen. Jessup, the white troops and friendly Indians had only fugitive (but in some instances still predatory) parties of hostiles to pursue. From the 15th to the 25th of June, about 2,000 Indians had come in and surrendered. At that time it was estimated that only about 200 remained out, chief among whom was Jim Henry. On the 1st of July an express arriv ed at Columbus stating that Jim Henry and about 150 hostile Indians had been captured near Fort Mitchell. The Governor of Georgia quickly sent a demand on Gen. Jessup for the de livery of Jim Ilcury to the State authorities, but the reply was that he had already been surrendered upon a similar de mand to the civil authorities of Alabama.
Jim Henry was committed to jail in Girard, to await his trial in Russell county. A number of Indians were given up to the Governor of Georgia for trial for murder, &o.

THE INDIAN WAR.

73

On the 6th of July Gen. Scott, from his headquarters at Columbus, issued an order through Seymour B. Bonner, Aid-de-camp, to the effect that such Indians as could be fully identified as murderers or depredators, should be surrendered to the proper authorities, and that a demand would be made on the agents conducting the emigration to detain all hostile warriors a. sufficient length of time for identification.
Capt. John A. Urquhart, the agent appointed by Gov. Schley for the purpose, demanded and received from the emigration agents a number of Indians charged with the com mission of capital offences, within the jurisdiction of Georgia. These Indians were reluctantly given up, and were brought to Columbus, lodged in jail and tried by the courts; but the evidence not being deemed sufficient to convict them, they were released and removed to the West. Jim Henry was con fined in the jail of Russell County, at Girard, but by change of venue moved his trial to Chambers County.
Early in July Gen. Scott left Columbus for Washington, leaving Gen. Jessup in command. Gen. Scott left to demand an inquiry concerning his management of the war--a matter outside of the scope of this publication.
After the operations of Gen. Jessup and the friendly In dians reported above, the work of collecting and sending off the Indians to their territory west of the Mississippi progress ed rapidly, and they were removed from Alabama more expeditiously than they would have been had no hostilities occurred.
Notwithstanding the opinion that with the capture of Jim Henry the war in the nation was ended, there was a sharp brush with a party of hostile Indians, on the 24th of July, at Quarles' plantation, some twenty-two miles below Columbus. The Indians were supposed to number about 200 men. The white force was ninety-eight men of Major Alford's command. The whites lost six killed and fifteen to twenty wounded; the Indians twelve to fifteen killed and a number wounded. The whites stood their ground until their ammunition was

74

THE INDIAN WAB.

, exhausted, and then retreated. This Indian force was be
lieved to be a party making their way to the fugitives in Chick-
asawhatchee swamp in Georgia.
The partv of Indians that crossed the river in the neigh
borhood of Roanoke, and made their way into the interior of
Georgia, continued to excite uneasiness and anxiety--commit
ting depredations on numbers of the inhabitants of the coun
try, murdering some, and terrifying many more.
The escape of these Indians constituted the chief fault, found
with the military plan of operations against the Indians.
Col. Thomas Beall, commanding a detachment of cavalry, was
sent in pursuit, and about the 10th of July a battalion of vol
unteers, composed of the Artillery, Guards and Cadet Rifle
men of Columbus, was sent forward to reinforce him. Of
the operations of this force we find the following accounts in
the Macon Messenger:
COLUMBUS, July 16. "About three miles below Roanoke we struck the trail of the In dians, and pressed them over hill and dale, through swamp and quag mires, through the lower part of Stewart, Randolph and Lee, and finally to Chickasawhatchee swamp in Baker county, where, after as certaining their position as well as we could with the aid of onr guides, we prepared for the attack the next morning, and leaving a sufficient guard to protect our horses, we dismounted, hauled off our coats, tied up our heads with handkerchiefs, and into the swamp we rushed. After proceeding three or four miles through briers, mud and water, sometimes up to the neck, we came in view of their encampment, sit uated on an island two hundred yards off, which they occupied as a depot for their goods, wares and merchandise, which they had taken from Roanoke. We commenced the attack by charging through mud and water, and notwithstanding they had the decided advantage of us in point of position, we continued the charge with such spirit and determinatioii that we could not be successfully resisted, and after kill ing and wounding a number, they dispersed, leaving behind all their ill-gotten plunder. Seven of our small army were wounded, some severely, but one mortally.
"Our friend Major John II. Howard was with us, and was among the first, if not the first, who planted his foot upon the island, and acted with great bravery, as I was certain he would whenever an op portunity presented."

THE INDIAN WAR.

75

The writer further states it as his impression that the In
dians have separated in. small parties and fled to Florida.
Another account says:
"After the battle in the swamp, very few Indians have been seen-- not more than two or three at a time. It was believed they had loft the swamp, and had broken up into small parties of three to live, and that they were endeavoring to make their way to Florida. The swamp was scoured for live days, but no Indians found in it. Several small trails have been traced to the Flint river, and it was believed that the Indians traveled principally in the night. They committed no further mischief after the battle. They must l*e in an entirely des titute condition, as they were driven from their camp naked, and left all their provisions, plunder and spare ammunition. Mwj. Alford's detachment arriving with the three Columbus companies, and thirty or forty Indians under Paddy Carr, Col. Meall's command returned to Columbus. All the drafted and volunteer infantry (except the Co lumbus companies,) have been discharged. It is Itelieved, according to the calculations of the best informed, that there are about two hundred hostile Indians who have not yet surrendered."
The following omcial dispatch in reference to this party of
Indians gives some more particulars in regard to this expe
dition :
" HEADQUARTERS,
*;r County. 6Vr;--In obedience to orders I have pursued the Indians to this place, where I Qnd them encompassed in a swamp, said to l)e twentyBve miles long, and varying from one to four hi width. At 12 o'clock A. x., the nrst instant, I learned that the Indians were encamped within four miles of this place, but was unable to re:ich them short of sixteen miles march. On yesterday, about 10 o'clock A. M. I made an attack upon the enemy, succeeded in driving them from their camp, with the loss of nine that were left dead, and from the sign of blood, I suppose twenty to thirty killed and wounded. The Indians Bed precipitately in every direction, but 1 was unable to pursue them , in consequence of the denseuess of the bushes tlirough which they letreated, the exhaustion of our men, and the state of our wounded, [having seven of them, and two I fear mortally. I think there is no lloubt that the Indians are still in the swamp, and from the most iuItelhgent persons here, I am induced to believe they design remaining. We need one hundred friendly Indians commanded by j?addy Carr, ltd pursue the Indians and ferret them out, and shall be gratiiied to rel(eive them as early as %)ractiuable. In consequence of the incessant liains we have had, and having fought in water, we need 3.000 cartridIgeu.

76

THE FIRST CITY GOVERNMENT.

In the meantime I may take, the liberty of saying that the expedi tion will be brought to a close, and as soon as it id, a full report will be made as early as practicable.

[Signed.]

THOMAS BKALT,, Col. Com. 1st Brig.

To Maj. Gen. Winfield Scott.

Mounted Volunteers,

THE FIRST CITY GOVERNMENT.

In accordance with an act of the Legislature amending the

charter of the town so as to make it a city, and change the

title of its representatives to Mayor and Aldermen, an election

was held on Saturday the 2d day of January, 1836, tor a May

or and sir Aldermen, which resulted in the choice of John

Fontaine as Mayor ; and Thomas G. Gordon, George W. Dil-

lard, Hampton S. Smith, E. Sigourney Norton, Thos. C. Evans

and Earnest L. Wittich, as Aldermen.

On the 4th of the same month, the Mayor and Aldermen

elected the following city officers: Nath. M. C. Robinson,

Marshal; John Bethune, Treasurer; Henry C. Phelps, Clerk;

Richard Gray, Bridge Keeper; Alex Calhoun, Clerk of the

Market; Samuel Paxon, Sexton. Subsequently the office of

Deputy Marshal was created, and Wm. McGehee elected.

In January the Mayor and Council made a contract for the

erection of a guard-house, appointed a committee to order

from the North two fire engines, and another to contract for

lighting the streets by means of oil-burning lamps. A city

watch was also organized, consisting of a captain, lieutenant,

and twenty privates--the captain to receive $30 per month,

the lieutenant $25, and the privates $20 per month each.

Michael N. Clark was elected Captain, Lem. Jepson, Lieuten

ant, and the following persons enrolled themselves as privates:

James D. Bryant, Morgan Brown, Win. Terry, Hugh McDan-

iel, John Williams, John McGehee, David Moore, Giles Ivey,

Francis Bosworth, James Calhoun, Richard McCarey, G,

High tower, Wm. Monghon, Jona. Hightower, Jordan Kilgore,

Miles M. Vance, Jacob C. Porter, Eobt. Patterson, James

Bloodworth, Francis B. Kilgore.

KENT OF FISIIKRIES.

77

Afterwards, the number of Guards was reduced to twelve, and new officers a? well as privates appointed.
Later in the year, a committee of the Council was appointed to petition the Legislature for authority to sell a portion of the square set apart for town bouses and offices, and with the proceeds to build, in conjunction with the county of Muscogee, a Court-house, Citv Hall, &c.
A contract was made with Geo. "W. Pinhorn for painting and putting up seventy boards designating the names of the streets, at $1 per board.
Thus the dignity of a city government was gracefully as sumed, and city "style" at once adopted.
In consequence of the report of several cases of smallpox, the Board resolved to elect a physician, to be known as the Health officer, whose duty it should be to examine every case of disease brought to the city, to attend cases sent to the hos pital, and the paupers of the city. Dr. Boswell was elected ; salary $200.
Early in April, Dr. Boswell reported that there had then been fourteen cases of small pox in the city, only three of which had died.
A contract was this year made with Wm. L. Wyun, by which the city leased to him, for the term of six years, the larger portion of the south common, at the rate of $o per acre per annum. Another portion was occupied as the race course, having been leased to M. W. Thweatt, Wm. L. Wyun and T. B. Howard for the term of six years, at $700 per annum.
In November, contracts for the rent of fisheries on both of the river, for the term of three years, were entered
into. Six fisheries on the east side of the river were rented to D. Walling, James W. Howard, Jarnes & Harnner, and M. N. Clark, at prices varying from |4 to $225 per year, and aggregating $874 per year ; and four on the west side were itented to James Y. Godfrey, John Townsend, and Win. Wil-
6

7B

INCIDENTS.

liamson, at prices varying from $4 to $7 50 per year, aggre gating $22 per year--showing that the fisheries were then a good source of revenue.
INCIDENTS.
The Columbus Sentinel of Feb. 26th, reports the killing of Mr. James Hill, confectioner of Columbus, by a Mrs. Berry, living a few miles from the city, where Mr. H. and a friend stopped and asked the woman to lend them a tumbler from which to drink some champagne which they had along. She refused, and a quarrel ensued between Hill and her, re sulting in his shooting into the upper part of the door, and her shooting him with a shot gun. Hill's body was interred with Masonic honors.
Columbus and Macon were disputing as to which was the best cotton market. The quotations were 15 to 15|c. in Feb ruary, and 18c. in March.
The Farmer's Bank of Chattahoochee was "resuscitated" in March, the stock having been purchased by J. S. Calhoun, and others; Judge Calhoun, President, Chas. Bass, Cashier.
The steamer Ohioan was burned on the Chattahoochee, eight miles below Ocheesee, early in May. She was freight ed with merchandise for Columbus. One servant girl wa lost. The boat had fifteen passengers, who escaped. Boa and cargo were valued at $25,000. She was owned princi pally in Mobile.
Jim Henry was confined in the jail of Russell county, am the grand jury found a true bill against him for negro steai ing, the punishment of which was death. His counsel sut ceecled in changing the venue to another county. The fol lowing Indians were convicted at the fall term of Eussel Circuit Court: Chilancha, alias John, for the murder o Fannin, Tuscoona Fixico and four others for themnrdero Green, the stage driver. They were sentenced to be hung 01 the 25th of November. Four others were detained in Bussel jail, to be tried at the next term. The six condemned la

TETtSOXAL.

79

dians, mentioned abovn, were Lung at the appointed time in Girard.
The first bale of new cotton, this year, was received at Columbus on the 23d of August, from the plantation, of M. R. Evans, and sold by auction at 41 J cents per pound. The prevailing price in the " interior" markets at that time was 16J to 17c. The Macon Mcsscmjer doubted tlje fairness of this sale, and suggested that cotton was bought in Columbus as land was sometimes--" by paying a high price Cor it, and then receiving part of the money bank again."
Early in November of this year, about two-thirds of the town of Girard, opposite Columbus, was sold, and brought, in the aggregate, about $70,000,--a sum showing that the hope of building up a commercial rival to Columbus was then strong. The area of Girard laid ont into town lots was about one mile square.

At the October election, Lanhon was elected Senator, n,nd

Flonrnoy and Holland .Representatives of Muscogee county.

J\i(lc VAi &. %\mMcr, one ol' the most gifted lawyers in

Georgia, died in Columbus on the l^lli of December.

The Methodist Conference was held in Columbus in De

cember, and the ministers were hospitably entertained by the

citizens. George A. Ghappcll was appointed Presiding Elder

of the Columbus District, and L. Pierce stationed minister at

Columbus.

*

The following list of licenses granted by the town author! -

tiea for the years 1886-7, gives the names of many of the

lmsiness men of Columbus at that time :

.--R. P. Spencrr, A. Tt. Raker, E. L. Wittich, Soalmrn Jonea, E. Mima, E. W. Htarr, Philip T. Hclilcy, A. K. Ayor, Walter T. Colquitt, Elijah Itosson, Joseph Hender, M. K. Evans, John 8. Ain, John T. Walker, John Oode, T. (k Atwood, Alien J. Mima, E. M. @teeiiwoo(l, Sam'1 H. Thomas, Edward FeatlmrHton, It. 8. TTardaway,
A. Bailey, 0?o. W. Ooss, Win. P. Yon^e, Jolm Dillin^hun), avick Pierce, Johnson & Way, Mathpw Itobertson, Elisha Beij, Al-
. Beckhaui, Creoi'^u Uricvc, James Alontgomery, Jolm Southern,

80

THE SITUATION AFTER THE WAR.

Joseph Jefferson, William Nelms, W. S. Holstead, 8. R. Bouuer, Toney & Rutherford, Clarke, Tarver & Co., J. T. Niles, T. Pitkin, James R. Butts, R. A. Were.
Retail.--John Johnson, Daniel C. Rail, I. B. Milieu, B. Fergusoii, A. Calhoun, F. Elba, Welch & Myrieb, Thos. McCantz, C. Norman, Andrew Southmayd, Mims & Ridenliour, G. B. Terry, Geo. Grieve, John N. Copeland, A. P. Jones, Nathaniel Trotter, Daniel J. Reese, Samuel Lytle, S. J. Ilerron, J. H. Ware, Jacob Williams, Paul II. Tiller, James Kivlin, Wicks & Bize, A. C. Hill, E. D. Nichols, J. B. McFarlarid, Win. Walling, John 0. Mangham, John Logan, Western Harwell, J. Rousseau & Co., John Whitesides, Win. II. Fields, Sam'1 Owens, Turner Williams.
Awlicm.--Bethuue & Holland, Hayward & Ayer, J. T. Nilea & Co.^ S. K. Hodges & Co., R. Hooper.
The large number of dray licenses is sufficient evidence of
a brisk and extensive commercial business.
We suppose that the large number of retail licenses is ac
counted for by the presence of so many soldiers and other
strangers daring a portion of the year. Probably it was only
during this period that many of the persons named above did
business in Columbus.

1837.
The Sil'iiation After the War.
This was a year of panic and general bank suspension throughout the United States. Business of every kind was crippled, and commercial failures became so common as to create but little surprise when even the largest and apparent ly strongest houses "went by the board." Columbus was of course affected by the genera] depression, and was not exempt from the failures so prevalent elsewhere. But the clearing out of the Indians from the adjacent territory in Alabama and the certainty of its early opening to a large white settle-

EPISCOPAL CHURCH

81

ment, brought, many prospectors and speculators, who thronged the city as the most convenient standpoint for their explorations and operations. There were thousands of them in Columbus during the year; the hotels were generally crowded ; there was demand for all the varied commodities which such a movement required ; and trade acquired an ac tivity that would otherwise have been wanting. We are not surprised to find, after the stirring events of 1836, the names of many new settlers and business houses.
The City Government for this year was constituted as fol lows: Mayor, J. S. Callioun ; Aldermen, S. R. Andrews, E. S. Norton, T. G. Gordon, T. C. Evans, S. K. Bonner, Asa Bates; City Clerk, M. N. Clark; Treasurer, John Bethune; Marshal, M. C. Robinson; Clerk of the Market, Bartley Weeks ; Sexton, Thos. Ashley; Bridge Keeper, Wm. Gilbert.
Eeports of occasional depredations in Eastern Alabama, by bands of predatory Indians, still caused some excitement, but they did not threaten Columbus, nor were the citizens of Co lumbus called on to aid in their capture.
The improvement of the Chattahoochee above Columbus was still a question before the people; and some deeming the opening of the river impracticable, advocated the building of a railroad to West Point. So it appears that for over forty years Columbus has been "hammering away" in the effort to secure the trade of the upper river counties by improved commercial facilities, and has not yet completed the links.
The Episcopal Church was completed this year, and open ed to public worship in June. The pews were rented for the aggregate sum of $3,100.
From the Enquirer of October 26th : "Our city seems to be reviving. Some activity and life has been exhibited in business circles this week. The health of the place is al most unparalleled in its history, nothing like bilious or malignant lever being known among our citizens. We are in hopes that times are getting better and money matters growing easier. This hope is strengthened by the fact that we daily see large numbers of strangers going West to purchase land and find new homes. The Oglethorpe

82

CITY DRAINAGE.

House, kept by AVm. P. McKeen, is crowded every night with travel ers in search of lands and fortunes. The City Hall, too, under the management of our worthy fellow-citizen, Mr. James, is in a like manner filled with sojourners. This is all indicative of better times, and shows the spirit of enterprise which nothing can suljdue in the Southern people. Columbus will soon be herself again. Cotton is selling at 8 to 9J, and corn from street wagons at 85c. per bushel.
The census of the city taken this year, showed, a tola,! population of 4121--whites 2549, blacks 1572. The white males numbered 1556, and the white females 986.
In December the Legislature passed an act amending the Charter so as to divide the city into six wards, giving each ward two Aldermen.
The stalls in the market this year rented for S226 00--six stalls, averaging $37 66 each. The butchers renting them were Emanucl Ezekiel, Philip Gettinger, Blisha Tarver, Thos, Cunniiigham, Thos. G. Jordan and Charles Bize.
Council made a contract in March, with James Clark, civil engineer, to make a survey of the city for the purpose of enabling the Street Committee to drain off the stagnant water and level the streets. The price to be paid Mr. Clark for this service was $500.
We make an extract from the report of Mr. Clark, to show the difference in altitude or depression of various sections of the city at that time. Taking as a base the .floor of the east end of the bridge, reported to be 85 feet above the surface of the water--(stage of water not designated,) Mr. Clark re ported that "the city is from 14: to 85 feet above base, except ing the first step or immediate margin of the river bank which in some places is only 5 feet above. The crest of the second bank, on and in rear of which the greater part of the city is located, is from 6 to 12 feet above the most depressed points of Jackson and adjoining streets parallel therewith, and it is the same with reference to Crsiwford and Thomas streets, the intersection of which with the former is in the bottom of a large shallow basin., that embraces in its slope nearly the whole city and north-eastern precincts. Into this

CITY DHAI3STAGE.

83

reservoir the drainings of this extensive area are thrown more rapidly than it can be drawn off by the present drains, so that it is several days after the cessation of rain before it is uncovered, when there is left exposed a large surface of al luvium, which, in combination with the atmosphere, must have a deleterious influence upon the health of those residing in the immediate vicinity. This low ground is from 13.50 to 16.50 feet above base, and gradually rises to 18 and 20 feet in Mercer street, through which it is drained by way of the brick-kiln to the river below the city. The bottom of this main drain at the Irwinton (now Eufaula) road is but 37Jfeet below the drain at the corner of Troup and Crawford streets, but at times of high water the surface is not more than six or twelve inches below ; consequently that low por tion of the city is inundated until the supply is decreased."
The report recommends the enlargement and deepening of the existing drainSj also a subterranean drain or sewer from Oglethorpe street, through Thomas or Baldwin, to the riverMr. Clark preferred the former, because by its construction, the ravine at its end might be filled and its extension pre vented. He estimated the cost of this sewer at $8,569. He also recommended a similar sewer through Franklin street to the river, at an estimated cost of $3,681.
The report concludes: "To the city, Nature has bountiful ly given all the .advantages of a level location, with gently rising hills in the rear, and a delightful esplanade in front, ex tending from the calm sluggish current along the last impet uous cataract of the river. It is but a few years since there was a wilderness where is now a large, nourishing city, the mart of an extensive and rapidly populating territory, abounding with vast agricultural and mineral riches, Avhich, as developed, must greatly augment its commercial impor tance and prosperity ; added to which, the immense and val uable water power within its environs will undoubtedly be appreciated and attract to it a large amount of manufacturing capital and industry. "With the knowledge of these resources,

84

TAXES THIS YEAH.

and of what has already been accomplished by the enter-. prise and intelligence of lier citizens, we may reasonably an-, anticipate that Columbus will soon earn a rank among the most important and beautiful cities of tlic Union. As con servatory of her interests, it is hio-hly important that the measures you may now adopt for the improvement of the health arid conveniences should be such as would add perma nently to this desirable result."
The Council made a contract in May, with Wm. B. Kobinson & Co., for the construction, of the two sewers above named, at the rate of $10.50 per thousand brick; laid. But in 1838 it had part of the excavation for the upper sewer filled again, on account of great caving and washing away of the soil by rains while the work of laying the brick was delayed. Council also altered the plan of the lower sewer so as to have part of it walled -with plank. It was very liberal in settling with Kobinson & Co.
At a meeting held on the 15th of November, Council pass ed a resolution declaring that, in accordance with, the unani mous wish of the citizens, the water privileges of the city should be put upon the market, and appointing a committee to memorialize the Legislature for authority for laying off and selling the "western commons" at public outcry.
The principal taxes for this year were the following: On every $1('0 value of town lots, 80c., and the same upon the improvements upon them; each white male between 16 ancf' 60 years, 46c.; each slave between same ages 46c.; each free person of color over 20 and under 60 years, $6 ; each dog) more than one to each family, $1; on all goods, wares and merchandise sold on consignment by resident merchants, 1 per cent-; itinerant traders, 2 per cent.; on each $100 in value of capital in trade--merchandize, shaving notes, &c., 80c.; each lawyer, physician, and broker, $5.
Messrs. II. S. Smith, John Warren and G. B. Thomas an nounced to Council in April, that they had opened a "diago-

WESTERN AND ATLANTIC RAILROAD.

85

nal street from Broad to Oglethorpe," christening it ""Warren street," and asked Council to accept and Iceep it open perma nently. This is the short street commonly called "Triangle," and sometimes disrespectfully dubbed "Dog Alley."
. The construction, of the Western and Atlantic liailroad had commenced, under a charter passed by the Legislature in De cember, 1836, and Columbus had this year a project to connect with it at its southern terminus. A corporation styled the Chatlahooch.ee Kailroad and Banking Company undertook the engineering of this enterprise. Its officers were J. C.Watson, President ; Wiley Williams, Cashier; A. G. Bass, Teller ; John 1L Davi., Book-keeper; J. C. Watson, J. S. Calhoun, J. W. Campbell, K. Howard, W. H. Mitchell, James E. Jones and J. L. Lewis, Directors. A proposition was made this year for the city to issue $750,000 in. bonds, to be loaned this Bank, to aid in the construction of the road and "for the re lief of the people." We Hud in the JZnqitircr an address by Wilcy Williams, J. L. Lewis and H. A. Ware, committee, in favor of this project. It met a stout resistance from G~eii. Betliune and others.
The Council and citizens conjointly took action upon this project on the 31st of October. At a meeting held at 9 o'clock a. m, on that day, Council passed resolutions request ing the Legislature to amend the charter of the "Chattahoochee Railroad and Banking Company" so as to allow further time for the payment of installments of the capital stock sub scribed ; also resolving that the city should subscribe for 2,000 shares of the stock and issue bonds for the purpose. The citizens, at a meeting held at 10 o'clock, unanimously ratified this action; and the Council at another meeting held at 4 o'clock p. m., appointed committees to canvass the city for subscriptions, and asked'the opinion of Seaborn Jones, Esq., as to what further steps were necessary to legalize the acts of Council in this respect. A-t the next meeting of Council a letter from Col. Jones was read, which does not

86

INCIDENTS.

appear upon the minutes, and Council passed a resolution asking of the Legislature special power to issue bonds.

INCIDENTS.

Washington's birth-day was celebrated with old time

spirit. Rev. Dr. Pierce offered an appropriate and "patriotic

prayer; Lieut. limes Holt read the Farewell Address; and

M. J. "Wellborn, Esq., delivered an eloquent and impressive

oration.

A_. M. Gregory, a citizen, was found in a dying condition

on the streets on the morning of the iSth of March, and died

next day. He was evidently murdered, but the case was in

volved in mystery.

The suspension of the Chattahoochee Bank was announced

in April.

The spring races were well attended and well contested.

The principal winning horses were Betsy Baker, Eclipse,

Xjinwood, Turnbull, and Miss Medley.

The city was again troubled with cases of small-pox.

The steamboat Florence arrived for the first time on the 2d

of November. "Water very low.

\

A big robbery occurred on the night of the 28th of No

vember. The store of P. Miedzielski was entered, and $6,000

worth of -watches, jewelry, &c., stolen.

Heavy rains occurred about the middle of December, wash

ing away creek bridges in the vicinity, mills, &c. The

bridge over the Chattahoochee was severely tested, and stood

the. strain.

Rev. Dr. Pierce offered prayer, H. L. Benning, Esq., was

the reader, and Hon. W. T. Colquitt the orator, at the 4th of

July celebration.

The first bales of new cotton noticed, "were received

on the 23d of August. They were from the planta

tion of J. W. Cowart of Stewart, and were sold at auction at

lOig-c. per pound, Hooper, Thornton & Livingston purchasers.

Gen. M. B. Lamar, then Vice President of TexaSj visited

PERSONAL.

87

Columbus in Jxtne and July, was complimented with, a public dinner on the 4:th of July, and made a very fine and eloquent speech. He was received with much enthusiasm.
A "new and fashionable" theatre was opened in October. It was on Crawford street, in the rear of Mclntosh Hall, was 40x80 feet in area of hall, and capable of accommodating about 400 persons.
PJSHSOI^AL.
At the election on the first Monday in January, the follow ing county officers were chosen : Aaron Odum, Tax Collec tor; G. W. Short, Tax Receiver; Daniel "Walling, Coroner; Messrs. Hitchcock, Carries, Torrence and Parks, Judges of .the Inferior Court.
James Herring was acting Postmaster at Columbus. Asa Bates was acting as Sheriff.
At the October election, W. T. Colquitt, Esq., was elected State Senator, and J. "VY. Campbell arid J. C. Watson Repre sentatives.
In October, the notorious hostile Indian Chief, Jim Henry, having been acquitted of the offences for which he was tried
in Alabama, was brought to Columbus and lodged in jail, to stand a trial for crimes against the State of Georgia.
Hon. Jos. L. Sturges was Judge of the Judicial Circuit, vice IIoii.'A. Iverson, resigned.
The following names of business and professional men are found in the advertisements of the Enquirer during 1837:
Merchants.---Alien & Young, G. W. Buckley & Co., Guayard & Jordan, Thos. McQuecn, Howard & "Wittich, J. T. Kiles & Co., Henry King, Underwood, Tommce & Co., Neil & MoNair, Johnson, Nunkulls & Co., Wm. & W. Toiiey, Smith & Morgan, Smalley, Crnndall & Co., Preston & Nelms, 13. A. Sorsby, Turner, Morris & Co., E. S. Greenwood & Co., Foster & Fogle, BeGilse & Gornian, Wiley 'Williams <fc Brother, Hcmy Mathews, "Wade & Co., Head & Talbot, Wade & Beavdsley, Hall & Moses, Gary & "Day, J. B. Green & Co., T. 11. Gold. Stair & Kuae, H. C. Plielps, Kobinson, Williams, & Holcomb,J. C.' riant, llagan, Colquitt & Grant, J. H. Eeyuolcts, J. B. 1'eabotly, Harper, Tho3'uton & I,iviiigston, A J^evisoii, A. Me:Am, G. W. E. Bedell, B. F. McDaiiiel, Hniith & Grimes, John "K. Bacon & Co.

88

MARRIAGES AZCD DEATHS.

Warehouse & Commisxioti,.--G. W- Ross & Co., Augustus Hay wood. Taylors.--McDaniel & Wilheltn. Hotel-Keepers.--S. J. Herron, CalUoun & Bass, Win. P. McKeen. Doctors. --Holt & Persons, Thomas J. Bugg, Boon Sewell, J. Ellis, H. W. Hill. Lawyers.--Ilaralsori & Lewis, Colquitt, Holt <fe Echols, John & .Tames Bethune. Teachers.--Mi-s. Tally, Charles H.Lallatt, Mrs. Leigh. Dentists.--O. P. Laird. Auctioneers.--R. Hooper, S. M. Jackson.
MABBIAGE^.
June 12.--John C. Cray and Miss Sarah Reid. Feb. 23.--Capt. Sol. W. Munk and Miss Alsey puraon ; I>r. George B. Mackey and Miss Margaret "White. April 15.--Lewis Livingstoii and Miss Elizabeth K,. Bass. May 9.--Charles L. Bass tuicl Miss Rebecca M. Elnker. At Lousta, on Miccosuka Lake, l>r. Jolin E. Bacon and Miss Clem entina Alston. July 12.--G. B. Phole and Miss Susan M. Crerisha.w. Aug. 24.-- W. H.. Owens and Miss Emily R. Vasou. At .Dahlonega, Sept 3St., Dr. John A. TJrquhart and .Miss Mary Jane Shorter. In Harris County, Nov. 21st, John A. Bilbro, of Columbus, and Miss Ann L. Rutleclge. Nov. 30.--Augustus Lawrence and Miss Eleiiora McCa'll; Daniel T. Driggers and Miss "Frances Colson. In Talbot, Dec. 5th, H. F. "Wimberly, of Columbus, arid Miss Anna C. Wood.
DEATHS.
Jan. 12.--David C. Grriggs.
May 30.--Mrs. Ellen Emeline Walker. June 27.--Mrs. Wiimifred, consort of Wiley Williams. July 6.--Henry L. Richardson.
Aug. 10.--Root. A. Jones. Aug. 2.--Mrs. Elizabeth B,., consort of Dr. H. A. Thorn ton. Sept. 23.--Alfred Smith, a native of New York. Sept. 24.--Mrs. Elizabeth S., consort of Thos. C. McKeen. Sept. 28.--Miss Clara Cornelia Harden. Oct. 24.--Mrs. Sarah Jane Rudmoii.

THE BANKS.
1838.
A Year of Steady Business--Factories and Rail J^oads oti Paperp, tf'6\, <&c,
We find but little evidence of material change in the busi ness or population of the city this year. The cotton trade was considerable and of growing proportions, and the move ment for the settlement of the contiguous territory in Ala bama still contributed to the improvement of business.
The first election under the amended charter, dividing the city into six wards, was held on the first Saturday in January this year, and resulted in the choice of the following gentle men--the elections for Aldermen being made by each ward separately: Mayor, Jas. S. Calhoun ; Aldermen--1st "Ward-- Hiram Bead, R. Hooper ; 2d Ward--H. S. Smith, S. R. An drews ; 3d Ward--J. L. Lewis, Wiley Williams ; 4th Ward-- A. B. Davis, R. A. Ware ; oth Ward--W. S. Chipley, L. C. Alien; 6th Ward--M. Brooks, George C. Hodges. At the first meeting of this Council the following appointments were made : Attorney, A. Lawhon ; Marshal, ]ST. M. C. Robinson ; Treasurer, John Bethune ; Clerk, J. L. Roberts ; Bridge* keeper, W. Gilbert; Sexton, Wm. Gehee ; Health Officer, W. K. Schley.
The citizens in January requested the banks of the city to suspend specie payments--the banks of the country generally being in suspension. The Bank of Columbus suspended in accordance with this suggestion, but resumed before the year was out. The Insurance Bank would not suspend. The Planters' and Mechanics' Bank went into operation this year---- Gen. D. McDougald, President ; Directors--D. McDougald, H. S. Smith, M. W. Perry, Hiram Read, W. B. Ector, Thomas Berry, John Banks. A. B. Rozan was Casnier, and M. Robertson, Book-keeper.

90

CITY SHIXPIj ASTERS.

Another Columbus banlc at that time was tlie "Farmers' Bank of CUattahoochee"--J. S. Calhoun, President; D. Hud son, Cashier.
On the 15th of January the Committee of Ways and Means were instructed by Council to report an ordinance authoriz ing the issue of city bonds to the amount of $750,000 to be loaned to the Chaltahoochee Kailroad and Banking Company of Georgia. The Committee reported this ordinance at a meeting of Council held on the 20th of January. The plan was for the city to loan these bondjs to subscribers to the cap ital stock of the company, after they had paid 25 per cent, of their subscriptions in cash, or had executed to tlie city mortgages on their real estate to secure the payment. The city, also, was to subscribe for 2,000 shares in her corporate capacity. This ordinance was passed on the 29th January. It was reported to Council in March that a sufficient amount had not been, subscribed to the capital stock of the company-- the condition being that three times the amount of the city's bonds should be subscribed before they were .to be issued. But we find that a few weeks afterwards the city subscribed her 2,000 shares of stock, giving a mortgage on the bridge to secure her payment of 25 per cent, of the same, and turned over to the Railroad and Banking Company the mortgages on real estate given by individual stockholders.
At a meeting of the stockholders held on the 24th of March., it was reported that 10,255 shares had been subscrib ed, and 8,465 were represented.
In June the Commissioners stated in a letter from !N"ew York that they had negotiated $300,000 of the loan at 7 per cent., and the amount wanted could have been had upon the same terms, but it "was deemed advisable to delay a negotia tion of the remainder until fall.
The city this year issned its change bills or tc shinplasters," of denominations from 6^0. to $2, to the amount of $50,000.
The Court House on its present location was commenced this year, the city paying one-third and the county two-thirds

WATER POWER.

91

of the cost. The contractors were W. & J. Godwin, and the price $30,000.
By an ordinance adopted on tho 14th of April, the Mayor was made a salaried officer, and his salary fixed at $1,000 per annum ; but the Council, at its last meeting in December
of this year, repealed that portion of the ordinance making
the salary $1,000. On the 17th of May the City Council voted a donation of
$2,000 in aid of the citizens of Charleston, S. C., which city had been afflicted by a very destructive fire. The Columbus Guards also contributed $100, and the citizens several hun dred, dollars more.
The Sexton reported the number of burials in the city cemetery from the 1st of .February to the 8th of August, 46, of which 14 were infants, one drowned, one murdered, one suicide. The Mayor announced in August that the city was entirely healthy, with, not a case of fever of any kind within the corporate limits.
A committee appointed to examine certain improvements on Wool-folk's sand bar, made by Col. Asa Bates, State Com missioner, reported to Council in. October that in their opin ion the improvements were of sach a character as materially and permanently to improve the navigation at those points, making them navigable at any stage of water when steam boats of ordinary draught could pass other points of the
river heretofore considered much less difficult than they were. The city authorities were this year having built a new
market house at the intersection of Broad and St. Clair
streets. Girard was making, a contest with Columbus for the trade
of the surrounding country. The people over there had a fine wharf opposite Columbus, and early in April the first steamer (the Frances) discharged one hundred barrels of freight upon this wharf.
An effort was made this year, through the press, to induce capitalists to utilize the vast -water power of the Chattahoo-

92

WATER- WORKS

chee m the manufacture of cotton. A- writer signing himself
"A Friend to Manufacturers," and who stated that lie had
seen some stupendous manufactories at the ISTorth propelled
by water, declared that he had never seen such advantages
for this purpose aw were to be found in Columbus and within
one mile of it. He said : "I see a great source of wealth looming" up to the people of this
section, both in the corporate limits and above the city. I was actu ally astounded in viewing the splendid estate of Mr. .Tames O. Cook, extending one mile on the meandering1 river, and ,withhi that distance it has been actually surveyed by a competent engineer, and that it has a fall of one hundred, and seventy-rive feet, and to all appearance it cannot be less. Every one hundred feet, by aqueducts which appear to have been forced through the solid granite by sorn miglity convul sion of nature, a splendid location for fa,cbories could be selected. It would well compensate any one to go and behold what nature has done, and what art and the superior ^enins of man permits to lie idle and waste, except the piscatory pleasures which its hospitable owner occasionally derives in drawing1 from jts pure waters the numerous family of the finny tribe, from the bream, trout and shad to the sturdy rock."
The inquirer, on the 30th of August, made a strong ap
peal on this subject. It predicted that by engaging in this
enterprise Columbus could in ten years be "what Tjowell then
was ; that instead of 5,000 she would number her 25,000 in
habitants, supplying the entire South aiid "West with her
manufactured goods. .Bright dreams of the past! how fer-
Verrtly we wish that the splendid cotton mills which we now
have may accelerate a movement which has up to this time
fallen short of realizing this prediction, but which the success
of the manufacturing establishments now in existence proves
to have been reasonable and sagacious.
A proposition to water the city by bringing it in pipes from
streams in the locality was submitted to Council this year.
A census of the city completed in August of this year,
made the whole number of inhabitants 4,265 -- a very small
gain over the enumeration of 1837.
The health of the city this year was good.

INCIDENTS.

9

On the 18th of October, 'Mayor Calhoun, by advertisement,
offered a reward of $500 "for the apprehension and convic
tion of the incendiary, or incendiaries, who fired the Court
House and Clerk's Office on the morning of the 15th inst."
We find the following notice of this fire in the Sentinel and
Herald of Oct. 18th: " On Monday morning, between the hours of three and four o'clock,
the alarm of fire was given, and the lurid flame was seen, bursting forth in the direction of the Court-house square. Oil hastening to the spot we found the. Court-house wrapped inflames, as also the offices of the Clerks of the Superior and Inferior- Courts, standing on the same lot, some twenty yards distant from the Court-house, and being en tirely separate. The old Court-house was but trifling in value, and besides our city authorities are in the act of building a new one; but the great inconvenience and loss consequent upon'the fire is found in tlie fact of the Clerks'offices being destroyed, together with all the books, papers, &c., connected with the offices,and appertaining to the Superior Court, more especially as the fall term of said Court was to have commenced its session on the same day of the. catastrophe namely, last Monday,
"This was doubtless the work of an. incendiary--some pitiful, base wretch, who probably stood amenable to the requirements of the law at the present term of Court, either in criminal or civil prosecutions, and who lighted the torch with his own vile hand that he might wit ness at the dead hour of the night, when vigilance herself had fallen asleep, the consummation of his fiend-like wishes, and have the hellish pleasure of saying to liimself thus perishetJi the record!"
The Superior Court met on Monday morning at the Coun
cil room, was organized, and in consequence of the destruc
tion of the Court-house and Clerk's office by the fire, adjourn
ed till the second Monday in December next.

INCIDENTS.
Augustus Owens, of Girard, was killed near the entrance of the race course in Columbus, in February, by a man named Fox.
Dr. S. M. Ingersoll obtained from Council the privilege of washing the loose sands of the Chattahoochee for gold; but ike locality being so far from the gold region, no remunera tive results are reported.

96

INCIDENTS.

In April the steamboat DeFlore,- on her -way to Columbus,

sunk below Fort Games.

An event which shocked the city, on the 30th of May, was the suicide of Mr. E. Sigourney Norton, mentioned in pre

ceding pages. He cut his throat with a razor--being, it was supposed, under the influence of liquor.

It was announced on the 14th of June that the Enquirer

would thereafter be published by Flournoy, Marks & Chap

man.

-

A young man named Kernin was drowned, in June, in the

river opposite the city.

The receipts of cotton from September 1st, 1837, to June

14, 1838, were 42,453 bales.

The 4th of July was celebrated with the usual spirit. Prayer

by Rev, A. T. Mann; Independence Ode by the choir of Trini

ty Church; Heading by N". L. Howard, Ksq_.; Oration by J. H.

P. Campbell, Esq.

The first bale of new cotton was received on the 23d of August, from the plantation of John "Woolfolk, and sold at

auction.

A great religious revival in August and September was reported by the JUnquirer.

J3y the caving- in of a sewer near the market-house, upon which a number of men were at work, one white laborer and

two negroes were smothered to death.

A long drought, that had lasted for nearly nine weeks, was

broken by rains about the middle of September, but they

came too late to save the crops, which were cut very short.

The steamboat Eloridiaa, with a valuable cargo of goods

for Columbus, was sunk on the 6th of November about 100

miles above Apalachicola. Loss abotit $70,000, not insured.

The "Columbus Cotton Factory" was in active operation this year,' spinning cotton yarns and carding wool.

James Van Ness was Postmaster.

James Hitchcock, Monoah D. Robison. and E. "W. Carese

were Justices of the Inferior Court.

PERSOtfAI*.

97

The steamboat Irwinton, on her downward trip in May, with two hundred bales of cotton on board, was sunk to pre vent her total destruction by fire.
Receipts of cotton from 1st October, 1837, to 1st October, 1838, 42,878 bales. Quotations--for Oct. 1st, 1838, 10o.; Oct. llth, 10|- to 114-0.
The City Treasurer's report, made on the 9th of October, showed the receipts for the 3d quarter of the rear $7,035 96, of which $3,64:0 was from the issue of city bills, $1,930 from the bridge, and $1,168 91 from taxes. Balance in city treas ury, $6,837.
PERSONAL.
The county officers for this year, elected in January, were-- James Bethune, Sheriff; Grerard Burch, Clerk of the Superior Court; Jos. D. McLester, Tax: Receiver; B. G. Kenney, Taac Collector; J. B. Lamar, Surveyor; --:---- Nicholas, Coroner.
J. C. Holland and H. C. Sapp were elected Justices of the Inferior Court in August.
At the October election, J. S, Calhoun was elected State Senator, and Thomas C. Evans and J. H. Howard Represent, atives.
Hon. Marshall J. "Wellborn was Judge of the Chattahoochee Circuit.
Rev. Samuel K. Hodges was P. E. for the Columbus Dis trict, and Revs. Thomas Samford and Alfred T. Mann minis ters at Columbus.
We notice the names of the following business men for the first time :
Merchants--D. Ilungerford, Boon & "Walker, Hansom Godwin, and Aaron Odom, Geo. W". "Way, James IT. Reynolds, P. Meidzielski, Ja cob Fogle, W. Wade & Co., Hamilton, Hurd & Co., McKee & Prickett, IE. C. Roberts, Conzelman & Anderson, Keill McNalr, James Ameck, Yonge & Bills, J. S. Smith & Co., Alfred & Porter, Win. B. Jones, G-. B. Terry.
Auctioneers--Thos Pullum and R. S. Moore; Bakers---Jones and Criohton; Doctors--Edward Delony, E. T. Taylor, B. Walker ; HotelKeepers-- D. Sullivan, Thomas James, Howard & Lloyd ; Dentists--3. B. HofEmaii, R. E. Martin ; Warehouse and Commission--Wm. P. Yonge ; Teachers--Mrs. Seaman, Miss Anderson.

98

MARRIAGES.

MARRIAGES.
April 3.--Rev Win. D. Games, Hector of Trinity Church, and
Lucy Elizabeth Dillingham. April 19--In Montgomery, Ala., John E. Davis, of Columbus, and
Sarah C. Cropp. May 15--Col. Ilinea Holt and Sarah A. C. Perry. May 23--David. "Walling and Susannah Beall. June 3--Joseph E. Webster and Caroline E. Ward. July 9--Launcelot Gambrill and Aim America Pierce. July 25--At Brattleboro" Vt., I. C. Plant, of Columbus, and
Charlotte Walker. Aug. 28--In Lincoln county,Ky., Thomas P. Grimes, of Columbus,
and Martha D. Lucky. Oct. 23--At McDonough, Robert L. Moore, of Columbus, and
Anna J. Askew.
Nov. 1--Wm. L. Lee and Mary Ann Jeter. Nov. 19--Edward Barnard and Lucy T. Barrow. Uov. 20--George H. Wynn and Clarissa T. Ornisby. Dec. 3--Homer I-Iurd and Miss Angelika L. V. Ruse. Dec. --In Hamilton, W. A. Bedell and Sarah Switzer. Dec. 30--Ilezekiah. >Toble and Frances W. Mulloy; Moses M. Simrnons and Eliz. Westmorelaiid Oct. 29--Isaac Prall and Jane McKee. 'Nov. 1--Geo. Howard and Mary Bagley. Oct. 21--Lewis Williams and Sophia Taylor, Oct. 23--Thos. Copelancl and Barbary Cooksey. Dec. 9--Francis Clark and Amanda M. Rodgers. Dec. 5--Thos. Eubanks and Edna Willis. Nov. 29--Jos. D. Bethune and Jeanett II. McNair. Xov. 13--Daniel liowe and Mary McCall. ]STov. 22--Henry G-. Robison and Mary Masaey. Dec. 28--John Fox and Jane Uarvell Sept. 9--TIezekiah Taylor and Mary C. Smith. Dec. 19--John Sauls and Jane Padgett. March 18--M. D. Sledge and Deborah McG-inty, Dec. la--David A. Patrick and Mary Brooks. Oct. 31--James A. Slatoii and Mary A. Watson. Jan. 7--Wash Blackburn and Sellina- Ryalls. Dec. 2o--Alex. McDougald and Frances L. Mitchell. Oct. 14--Felix Blaiikenship and Sarah J. Mays. May 20--Thomas Brady and Sarah McDonald. Dec. 2--Wm. Painter and Xancy Averett. Dec. 30--Alien Davenport and Martha A. Hawthorn, Dec. 27--Alfred T. Mann and E. L. Pierce.

CITY OFFICEES.

Wi*

Dec- 12--C. Wiley and Mary Baker. Dec. 11--James H. Berry and Martha Alldridge. Oct. 16--"Win. A. Brown and Martha IS. Eow. Oct. 11--Claiborn Howard and Eliza Terry. Oct. 16--John J. B. Iloxey and Sarah Terry. N"ov. 11--James I-ochala and Elizabeth Laughflin. Nov. 21 - J. J. Myers and Susan "Wild.
DEATHS.
Hay V.--Mrs. Sarah MeGehee. June 15.--Mrs. Matilda Brooks. July 10.--At Auburn, Ala., W. H. Harper, Esq., formerly of Co lumbus.

1839.
jt year of Health--Faith in Railroads WeaJcening.
This was not a year of remarkable events in the history of Columbus. Business appears to have been rather dull, but by no means stagnant. The expectations entertained of the success of the railroad connection with the JSTorth--in aid of which the city had so liberally done her part by sub scription and the authorized issue of bonds to the amount of $750,000--^grew faint almost to despondency as the year tolled on. The failure of a scheme of railroad connection with Floridaj and of the banking institution connected with. it, also had a depressing effect. But it was a year remark' able for its health, and its freedom, from violent personal col lisions and local excitements, such as have been so often "no* ticed in the preceding pages.
The city government of this year, elected on the first Sat urday in January, was composed, of the following gentlemen:
Mayor--G-en. JJ>. McDougald. ALDERSITSN-.--1st. Ward--J. C. Holland, C. L. Bass. 2d "Ward-- John E. Bacon, JSTeill NcKair. 3d Ward--Jacob I. Moses, J. L. Lewis. 4th Ward--T. M. Sanders, J. W. Watson, 5th Ward--Lewis C. Alien, James Kirvin. 6th "Ward--Jos. Sturgis, Martin Brooks.

100

CITY IMPROVEMENTS.

At a meeting of the Board the following officers were elected:
Treastxrer--John Betlnine. Marshal--E. C. Bandy. Cleric--Calvin Sfcratton. Attorney--J. M. G-uerry.
At the county election on Monday the following officers were elected :
Tax Receiver--G. AV. Short. Collector--James Moss. School Committee--John Betlume, "VV. (5. Cliipley, O. Eley, John Patterson, Joshua R. McCook. The several wards of the City 'were designated by the names of streets bounding or running through them, as well as by numbers. They were known as Franklin, Randolph St. Glair, Thomas, Few and South "Wards.
The Council re-ordained the salary of $1,000 for the Mayor, by fixing the salaries of all City officers the same as last year, except that of Treasurer, which was increased to $800.
The office of Deputy Marshal was re-established, with a salary of $800, and Wm. McGehee elected.
There were three papers published in Columbus this year, the 2nquirer, Sentinel and Herald^ and Georgia. A.ryus. Coun cil paid each of them. $100 for publishing its proceedings.
Council made special contracts with citizens of Greorgia and Alabama for crossing the Bridge, the charge for individuals ranging from $5 to $100. The Mail and Telegraph Line of Stages was required to pay $1000 for the privilege.
On the 14th of January a committee appointed to examine the city improvements reported in favor of the immediate filling up of the upper sewer, and stated facts going .-to show that it was a badly managed enterprise for the city. We copy from their report:
** The expense for the brick and the building of the sewer with the same, without the labor performed by the City Council, cost not less than ten thousand dollars. The original contract for that sewer im posed upon tlie Council the obligation to excavate and nil up the ditch in which the bricks were laid. This part of our duty has been per formed only to a partial extent, as a large portion of tlie ditch is still unfilled and exposes the whole work to a total loss. We cannot, under such circumstances, hesitate to urge upon the Council the employ-

RENT OF FISHERIES.

101

merit of such a number of hands as will enable the Marshal to have the sewer filled up without delay."
The committee also reported against a proposition to divide the commons into suitable lots and rent it out for agricultural purposes, on the ground that the commons was designed for the common benefit of all the people of the city, and its con tribution to the beauty and health of the city and the con venience of its people would be impaired by converting it into corn fields.
The report and recommendations of the committee were adopted.
In accordance with authority conferred by Act of the Leg islature, Council this year assumed the full patrol service within the limits of the City, enrolled for this duty all citizens liable to State patrol service, and elected John Bethune Kegulator of the Patrol, with a salary of .$250. lie resigned in July, and Calvin Stratton was then elected.
The Sexton reported on the 4th of May, that there had been but one interment in the Cemetery during the month of April, and that one was a child.
At its meeting on the llth of May, Council appointed af committee to call on the officers of the Chattahooch.ee Rail road and Banking Company and inquire what were the con dition and prospects of the company.
John M. Bethune was elected, on the 31st of August, an Alderman from the 1st or Franklin Ward in the place of Janies C. Holland, resigned.
On the 23d of September, Council appropriated $1,000 to be expended in the improvement of the channel of the river at "Woolfolk's Bar and lichee Shoals.
Six fisheries on the Georgia side of the river were rented, on the 6th of September, for $973 ; and on the 26th of the same month, three on the Alabama side were rented for $147 --all for the term of three years.
Alderman Alien, of l?esW.;Wardv resigned on the Cist of September, and Michael McQuaid was elected in his stead.

102

INCIDENTS.

On the 19th of October, a committee of Council, appointed

at the request of citizens to report some mode of securing

better protection against fire, reported that the city Was

"totally wanting in the means of resistance" in the event of

fire, and that the best means of defence would be water-

works and two or more fire engines; but that the appropria

tion for the purpose would have to be larger than the City could

make at that time, and therefore it was desirable that the citi

zens should act, either by private subscriptions or by obtaining

from the Legislature authority to levy a special tax for the

purpose. The committee also reported an ordinance provid

ing for the establishment of a Board of Fire Wardens, to

consist of the Mayor and Aldermen and one other member

from each Ward, and prescribing their duties and other reg

ulations to guard against fire. Council adopted this ordinance

on the 2d of November.

The Sexton, at the last meeting in December, reported the

number of interments during the year 44, of which 21 were

children under ten years of age.

The military companies existing at this time were the Co

lumbus Guards, Columbus Blues, and Muscogee Hussars.

The Columbus Lyceum was organized in March--Thos.

Hoxey, President. Several very interesting lectures were

delivered by members during the year, and it proved to be

one of the most valuable societies the City ever had, by fur-

' nishing entertainment and instruction to the people.

INCIDENTS.

' ,

On the first Monday, in March, in Girard, Jonathan Ed

wards was killed by Franklin Word, in an affray.

Jacob Cunningham was arrested in January as the suspeoK,

ed incendiary who burnt the court-house and clerk's office in"

October last, and Council loaned L. B. Harris $150 in consid

eration of his services in arresting Cunningham.

The Chattahoochee Bank was organized in April--George

K. Clayton, President, Edward Carey, Treasurer.

On the first Monday in May three boys were drowned ia

MARRIAGES.

103

the river while bathing. They were sons of George Reese, Mis'. Reese, and Mr. Norris; and later in the month a little son of Mr. Round was drowned in the falls.
Hamilton Duke, a citizen of Talbot county, was fatally stabbed on the 17th of June, in Girard, by Monroe Lynch.
The Fourth of July was celebrated by the reading of the Declaration by Capt. John Peabody, and an address by S. T. Chapman.
, The first bale of new cotton was brought in on the 16th of August, by Dr. Thos. Hoxey, and sold to Terry & Moody for 12 cents.
The first steamboat arrival in the fall was that of the Osceola, on the 26th of November.
Harrison, eldest son of Win. P. Yonge, was killed on the 18th December, by the falling of a piece of timber.
PERSONAL.
The following were teachers of the Female Academy: W. D. Cairns, Principal, Mrs. H. C. Tichnor, Miss M. J. Coolridge, A. Joerson.
At the October election in the county, the "State Rights" ticket was beaten for the first time. John L. Lewis was elected Senator, and Messrs. Watson, McDougald, Livingston, and Guerry, Representatives. But Columbus gave a majority for the "State Rights" ticket, which was composed of Hamp ton L. Smith for Senator, and Messrs. W. H. Mitchell, Wiley Williams, S. W. Flournoy, and H. C. Sapp, for Represen
tatives.
MARRIAGES.
Jan. 6--James E. Roper and Savannah. G. Tilley. Jan. 20--James Eankin and Agnes Affleck; Peter Crichton and Ann Grieves. Jan. 27--Wm. Terry and Martha Jones. May 16--John Dozier and Emily Huff. June 30--David Kidgeway of New Orleans, and Martha Kimbrough. Sept. 5--Benj. Walker and Mary J. Howard ; Julius E. Clapp and Eleanor H. Howard. Aug. 29--In Kahway, N. J., Joseph S. Smith, of Columbus, and Margaret II. Jacobs.

104

MARRIAGES.

Sept. 8--Elisha Reid and Elmira A. Owens. Sept. 18--Henry L. Benning and Mary Howard, daughter Col. Seaborn Jones. Sept. 27--David Moore and Mary A. J. Ferryman. Nov. 27--Elliott H. Muse and Adeline S. Howard. Dee. 12--Jeremiah Terry and Sarah Ann Frederick. , June 27--Phineas L. Martin and Sarah I). Studstill. Oct. 3--Lewis M. Durr and Eliza W. Kaglaud. March 6--T. T. Rutherford and Frances E. Mitchell. Dec. 2--Stanmon D. Pitts and Adaline Brown. June 18--Thos. D. Hays and Louisa Weaver. Nov. 25--Isaac Williams and Martha A. Godwin. July 31--E. Rowland and Eliza Harrison. June 6--E. Morrell and Mary Disliroom. Dec. 31--Stephen Shaw and S. A. Hammond. Oct. 20--William Snow and Mary E. Mahone. Feb. 28--Geo. W. Douglass and Mallissa A. Biggers. Sept. 30--Wm. Roberts and Nancy Dillard. Nov. 24--Wm. A. Douglass and Harriet Tarver. Sept. 25--John A. Huff andE. H. Stallings. Oct. 1--Robert Motley and S. J. Spears. Oct. 31--Wm. Myhand and Elizabeth Culver. June 24--A. L. McDaniel and Nancy Harrison. Nov. 14--Absalom Lochla and Sarah Williams, Dec. 8--Ephraim Brown and Susannah Cobb. Dec. 4--Wm. Thompson and Elizabeth Hearn. Feb. 28--P. H. Brittain and Orra Williams. Jan. 31--Alfred Meazles and Martha Height. Oct. 25--Hezekiah Williams and Sarah C. Seins. June 20--Nathan Height and Eliza Horton. July 23--Elbert B. Ramsey and Sarah A. Davis. Dec. 26--James H. Reed and Elizabeth Gordy. Oct. 22--Frank E. Baker and E. A. Chapman. April 23--Peter W. G. Kent and Nancy A. Owens. Aug. 1--Cornelius Flowers and E. Sizemore. July 20--Henry Roberts and Margaret Smith. June" 15--James Foran and Margaret Brady. Oct. 15-John L. Walton and Adelia L. Tharp. May 15--John Thornton and Mary A. Ellis. May 12--James Orrington and Nancy Thomas. Aug. 28--O. L. Oimstead and Mary T. Fuller. June 6--Levi Coleinan and Margaret Brooks. Sept. 5--Benoni Rhodes and Susan Hyatt. Nov. 14--Alex. Calhoun and Mary Hobbs.
June 7--James Glenn and Emily Skelton.

MARRIAGES AND DEATHS.

105

May 2--Hardy Benton and Mary Hamnerr. April 18--Chas. D. Bize and C. Faulkenbury. Nov. 29--Simeon Mote and Rebecca Roberts. Oct. 21--W. D. Fontaine and Nancy Bates. Aug. 11--J. J. Parnell and E. K. Moorfield. Nov. 3--Aquilla Cobb and Sarah Bagley. July 3--J. J. Langbam and Martha Hollinan. Aug. 27--Horace Hearn and Martha Williams. June 16--B. L. Hargrove and Cretia Womble. June 13--Thos. L. Kilpatrick and E. L. Brunson. May 30--Thomas Bush and Epsy A. Watkins. Sept. 11--R. R. Goetehius and Mary A. Bennett. Dec. 29--R. E. Snowdon and Rebecca J. Smith. Aug. 21--Andrew J. Spiller and C. Baker.
Aug. 8--James Nilson and Mary A. Simms. July 23--Agnes J. Brown and Martha S. "Wood. Nov. 18--S. T. Scott and Elizabeth Harrell. Jan. 31--H. Y. Smith and Lucy A. Willingham. Feb. 17--Benj. Phillips and Lucretia Self. March 3--John Weaver and Francis A. Wilson. March 27--F. M. Myers and Caroline Kirvin. Jan. 14--Samuel Baker and Arcada Varnadore. Aug. 6--J. H. Andrews and Elizabeth J. Ashly. July 4--David J. Barber and Mary L. Bostick. Jan. 24--Hiram Green and Elizabeth Greer. Feb. 17--Wm. Ragg and Harriet Harrill. Sept. 7--John Maasey and Georgia A. Russell. July 9--Wm. Boren and Louisa Haws. May 30--John L. Ridgeway and Martha A. Kimbrough. Dec. 10--Jesse J. Kimbrough and Frances A. Watt.
DEATHS.
,^Iay 28--In Girard, Malcom Cameron, a native of Virginia. June 21--Hon. Augustine Clayton, a distinguished lawyer, who had represented the State in Congress and filled other high public positions. Aug. 21--Mrs. Elizabeth J, Jones. Sept. ----Miss Sarah Arnanda Benning,

106

ELECTIONS.

184O.
Increasing Business--Large Cotton Receipts--Political Ex-
citement, &c.
The extensive settlement of East Alabama, as a sequence of the removal of the Indians from that section, now began to show its effects in a considerable increase of the trade of Columbus. The cotton receipts were largely augmented, and trade improved in a corresponding ratio. Altogether, the situation seems to have been as favorable as could reasonably have been expected, considering the unsettled condition of business and finances throughout the country.
This was the year .of the noted Presidential contest between the political parties supporting Harrison and Van Buren, re spectively, and Columbus shared largely in the excitement and enthusiasm of the contest--the majority of the citizens siding with the party that elected Harrison.
At the Presidential election in November, the City gave the Harrison Electoral ticket 824 votes, and the Van Buren ticket 503. In the 'whole county the vote stood--Harrison 1,044, Van Buren 811.
At the October election of this year J. S. Calhoun was! elected Senator, and Messrs. Flournoy, Chipley, Alexander and Sapp (Harrison men) Eepresentatives.
At the municipal election, held on the first Saturday ia January, the following gentlemen were chosen Mayor and Aldermen: Mayor, W. H. Harper; Aldermen, 1st Ward, John W. Campbell, J. C. Austin; 2nd Ward, J. B. Wood, G. W, Martin; 3d Ward, Wiley Williams, J. C. Kuse ; 4th Ward, Homer Hurd, Thomas C. Watson; 5th Ward, John D. Ho well, J. L. Morton; 6th Ward, Joseph Sturgis, Hiram Brooks.

TOLL REDUCED.

107

In the election by Council at their first meeting the follow ing City officers "were chosen: Treasurer, John Bethune, Esq.; Marshal, A. K. Aver ; Clerk, Calvin Stratton; City Attorney, D. Grolightly ; City Physician, A. Pond.
Mr. Golightly declined the office of City Attorney, and Philip T.^fifeate wls^Jeoted in his stead.
This was an entire change of city officers elected by the people, except the Aldermen of the 6th "Ward.
A strong support was given to motions to reduce salaries and one or two reductions were carried on the first vote, but this was subsequently reconsidered, and the salaries as finally agreed upon differed but little from those of the year pre ceding.
One of the first acts of the new Council was to repeal the ordinance requiring the enrollment of all the citizens for patrol duty. In lieu thereof, each citizen, heretofore liable, was taxed three dollars for exemption, and those refusing to pay this tax were held to be still liable to patrol duty, and ordered to be organized therefor.
Council elected the following health officers for the year 1840 : 1st Ward, Dr. A. I. Robison, Dr. S. Boykin, Dr. A. Hunt; 2nd Ward, Dr. John E. Bacon, Dr. W. K. Schley, Thos. "W. Berry ; 3d Ward, Dr. R. Sankey, Dr. J. J. Boswell, Elisha Reid; 4th Ward, Dr. L. Holt, Thomas Sanders, Jamea Kivlin; 5th Ward, L. C. Alien, Alexander McDonald, B. Wells; 6th Ward, Dr. J. W. Turner, Wm. Blair, B. F. Coleman.
The office of Deputy Marshal was created in January, and Wm. H. Alston elected.
The contract system for crossing the bridge was at first abandoned by this Council, and in lieu thereof a reduction of 33. per cent, was made from the regular rates of toll in favor of citizens of Muscogee and Russell counties. Wood haulers were allowed to cross free with their loads, and lumber haul ers at half rates; preachers free. But this resolution was

108

THE COTTON" MARKET.

soon reconsidered and the contract system again adopted, with the above named exceptions.
The Treasurer was instructed to issue $20,000 City money, in small notes, to furnish change, and afterwards 525 was paid for the engraving of the notes. . J _, . .*
Among other measures of retrenchment propose4 was one to dispense with the use of lamps for the year, which only failed by the casting vote of the Mayor, at the meeting on the the 8th of February, was adopted at the meeting on the 19th. of the same month, and again reconsidered on the 22cl.
The Committee on City Improvements reported that they had not the means of ascertaining the practicability of intro ducing water into the City, and the finances of the City would not then allow it, though desirable. Adopted.
The county authorities of Kussell county, Ala., had assessed the one acre lot in Grirard, on which the western abutment of the bridge rested, at $10,000, and taxed it accordingly. A committee of Council, in March, reported that Russell county had a right to make this assessment, but the courts had'a right to revise it, and recommended an appeal to the courts. Adopted.
Cotton opened in January at 7 to 7^ cents, with large re ceipts, and freights to Apalachicola $2.50 per bale. The price declined during the spring and summer, but advanced again in the fall, when it became apparent that the crop would be smaller than was anticipated. We find it quoted in November at from 8 to 9 cents, and the last quotation in December is from 7 to 9c. The Enquirer, on the 28th of April, estimated the receipts of Columbus up to that time, since the 1st of September, 1839, at 50,000 bales, but it had no actual returns. This was fully double the amount that had been received the preceding year to same date.
The first notice of the appearance of the cotton caterpillar, which we have found in our examination of the Columbus papers, is during this year. The destruction by them was

INCIDENTS.

109

very great. Their appearance was first reported on tlie 26th of August.
The first bale of new cotton was received on the 24th of August. It was grown. by Newton Freeman, of Russell county, Ala., and sold at 8fc.
The Sexton reported interments in the city cemetery from the 1st of January to the 1st of April, 3 ; from 1st June to 1st July, 7.
On the 12th September A. B. Ragan was elected an Alder man for the Franklin "ward, to fill the vacancy occasioned by the resignation of John C. Austin.
On the 10th of October, the committee appointed for that purpose by the Council, reported that they had, in co-opera tion with a similar committee appointed by the county author ities, examined the new Court-house built by Messrs. John and Wells Godwin, contractors, and had approved and ac cepted the same. Subsequently the claim of Messrs. God win for extra pay for work not included in the contract was submitted to arbitration, and the sum of $6,000 awarded to them, for such extra work.
INCIDENTS.
A man named Goodwin was killed in Columbus, on the 7th of April, by one Caldwell, of Girard. lie shot Goodwin while the latter was attempting to escape arrest by an officer. A man named Moody, who had been, in the City but a short time and of whom but little was known, committed suicide near the cemetery in April.
On the 27th of Jane, William Alexander, eldest son of Dr. A. H. Flewellen, was drowned in the Chattahoochee.
Girard, this year, had a postoffice and a newspaper. "W. B. Harris, Esq., was Postmaster. The paper was called the Alabama State Register, and was edited by Benj. Gardner.
At the 4th of July celebration, Dr. L. Pierce offered prayer, Dr. J. B. Hoxey read the Declaration, and !N~. I>. Howard, Esq., delivered the oration. Col. A. K. Ayer was Marshal of the day.

110

INCIDENTS.

John Schley, Esq., was appointed Postmaster of the City in July, succeeding Mr. Van Ness, who did not seek a-re-ap pointment, and who had been the Postmaster since 1828.
The steamboat LeRoy, 'Washington Smith master, exploded her boilers opposite Blount town, on the Chattalioochee river, September 24th, by which six persons were killed and several wounded. Mr. Willis Alston was the only passenger hurt. The boat was owned by mail contractors Hopkins & Stocktoni
All the Banks of the State were required to make periodic reports of their condition for publication. It used to be said (perhaps maliciously) that the wheelbarrow acted an impor tant part in these showings, in cities which had more than one bank; that after the specie had been counted in one bank it would be wheeled over to another to be reported in its assets also, and thus gave to the whole of them a fictitious strength. This year the Columbus Bank had $377,218 of bills issued, and $163,291 58 of deposits, and due other banks $74,289--$614,798 63. Due by other banks and agents $220,000 82; specie, notes of other banks, &a, $217,297 26--$437,228 68. The St. Mary's Bank reported $29,915 of notes in circulation, and $14,555 52 in specie; the Chattahoochee Railroad and Banking Company had $109,420 notes in circulation and $62,110 87 in specie.. The Insurance Bank of Columbus had $5,289 in circulation and $25,790 in specie. All these Columbus banks afterwards broke, but they were paying specie this year, and very few - banks in the State were doing so. .
The following were ruling prices on Dec. 9th, quoted by J. E. Davis, exchange broker, and F. McMurray, grocer: Sigbt bills on New York 7 to 7 J per cent, premium; Charleston, 6 ; per cent; Savannah, 3J to 4; Kew Orleans, 4 to 4 J; specie? 4 per cent.; bagging, 25 to 35 (the latter India;) rape, 12$J- j hams, 15 ; sides and shoulders, 9 ; butter, 25 to 37 ; candles, 18 (tallow) to 62J (sperm;) coffee, 15 to 16 ; corn, 40 ; 75;. oats, 37Jj brandy, $1.76 to $2; whisky (Irish,)

PERSONAL.

Ill

Monongahela, 87J to $1 ; Sugar (N. O.,) 10 to 12; loaf, 18 'to 25.
PERSONAL.
The county officers elected on the 1st Monday in January, were: Sheriff, S. E. Bonner; Clerk Superior Court, A. Levison; Clerk Inferior Court, 3ST. McLester; Tax Collector, T. A. Brannon; Tax Receiver, John C. W. Rogers; Coroner, Bartlett Weeks ; Surveyor, John E. Lamar.
At the Spring term of Muscogee Superior Court for 1840, the following gentlemen served as Grand Jurors: John Woolfolk, Bird F. Kobinson, John H. Ware, C. D. Stew-art, F.D. Toby, David Wright, Elijah Corley, A. L. Watkins, E. C. Bandy, J. Barrow, Peter V. Gruerry, Thomas M. San ders, Josiah Grimes, A. M. Walker, G. W. Ross, A. I. Reinson, Elisha Tarver, T. A. Thornton, Asa Bates, Wm. P. Malone.
Dr. Goulding opened a select school in January; and Mr. Wayland, "graduate of an English University," opened a high shool in February.
A meeting of mechanics of the City, opposed to Mr. Van Buren, was held in October, and as we obtain from the list of signers the names of a large number (probably a considerable majority) of the mechanics in Columbus at that time, we copy the list:
F. Toby, carpenter ; M. D. Jones, blacksmith; J. S. !Norman, sadflier; IX W. TJptoii, carpenter; F. A. .Jepson, hrickmaker; J. M. Williams and 1ST. McC. Robinson, (afterwards Marshal of city), brick layers ; O. P. McLane, silversmith; Daniel Robinson and Wm. Bobinson, engineers; Daniel Roe, tailor; J. Terry, carpenter (after wards sexton and merchant); Joseph Pranglen, plasterer; Richard Owens, carpenter; WilliamR. Bell, sMpcarpenter ; John B. Peabody, silversmith; Peter Crichton, baker; W. I. Rylander, blacksmith; William Jepson, Simeon Guthrie, carpenters ; J. A. Moore, Sterling Terry, bootmakers: "Elisha Reid, silversmith; Homer Hurd, tailor; Oliver Jeter, printer; Moses Simmons, bricklayer; J. D. Hughes, wheelwright; Charles H. Heite, "blacksmith; John ,. Mustian, R. I. R. Bardwell, John A. Sears, Thomas Nix (afterwards sexton), carpenters ; Jos. Johnson, engineer; George Betz, tailor; William (filbert, saddler ; H. C. McKee, J. L. Prickett, carriage makers; J
7

IFxeenian, William Merman, carpenters; Kathan Gray, bookbinder;

~V. S. Townsley, blacksmith; Jas. Terry, F. A. Bosworth, carpeiu

ters; John JJ\ Bosworth, printer; James Sullivan, Silas McMichael,

carpenters; J. Haller, carriage maker; B. Pricket, do.; J. M. Mc-

Duilie, painter; Randal Mc^STeil, do. ;- J. M. McClesky, cabinet mak

er ; Jno. .N". Harris, carpenter ; J. M. Hogan, carpenter ; LarkiiiParr,

cooper; AVm. Heid, carriage makei'; R. T. Marks, painter; E. H.

Day, printer; Chas. Rule, plasterer; Moses G-arrctt, painter; Jos.

Jepson, carpenter ; J. J. Ballinger, carriage trimmer ; "Wm. A. Pig-'

gait, carpenter; Or. A. Dill, do.; J. H. Young, do. ; T. R. ,Heirm-i

dine, do. ; Prancis Terry, do. ; T. P. jSToblett, do. ; TIervey Crews,

do. ; Jno. Partridge-, do. ; Benj. Buell, painter; !N". Gr. Smith, wagon,

maker; Jaw. R,osseau, do.; "Wm, Pride, bricklayer; Benj. Jepson,'

brickmaker ; J. B. Strapper, candy maker; T. Reifl, gun maker (best

gnn maker in tlie United States) ; J. T^. Holmes, carpenter ; J. S.:

Williams, engineer: W. C, Clapp, tinner.; J. C. Alston, .Horace

Clayp, K. McXeil, P. K. Edgar, S. E. Andrews, J. S. Walton, A. L.

Alfred, James Reitl, carpenters; W. B. .Robinson, bricklayer; Jno.

Griffin Thwoatt, Jj. Denigiii, printers; George Smith, plasterer" B.

G. KeiDietli, carpenter.

. .'

The resolutions were subsequently sign eel by the following:
AVagoim'iakers--G-eorgeC., and R. andliichard Yarbrough, William' M. Martin, WiUhurt Holt, Raiidal Moore, "Knoch Dudley ; engineer-- Robert .Kelly ; bri<:kmakers--Aaron Pergnson, BurrietTr.grain, StephenLewis, "\V"m Salisbury, John Rounrts; tailors--Blake Robinson, Henry Matliews ; upliolstei-er--'\Vm. Green ; carpenters---D. W. Broom, Thos. Miles, Jj. Jepson, Jos. Mooretield, Dan'1 Sauls, Hiram Howard, Hygh McGall, W. S. Ilolstead, .lidward Acee,^ST . Terry, Wiley Adams, J, D. Hariey, J). J. Bees, Thos. Jepson, "H. C. Pattersoii, "W. B. Holtzclaw, " T. W. -Bowen,a. B. O. Terry, Richard Burt ; blacksmith--J. Roberts; shoemaker--Jno. Mott, Jas. Shaw; cabinet makers--J. M. Morgan, John May; silversmith--Jacob Pogle ; mill right--J. J. Puruell; sad
dler--II. Middlebrook ; printer--T." C. Connoly.

So at that time Columbus had 73 white carpenters, 15

blacksmiths, 19 brickmakers and layers, 8 engineers, 14

tailors, &c.--all of the Harrison party.

Hon. M. J. Wellborn was Judge of the Superior Coiirt, and

John H. Watson Solicitor.

The grand jurors on October 17th were : Thomas Berry1 ,

(foreman,) James M. Chambers, "William Clark, Jam.es C.

Cook, Alfred O. Blackmar, 'John Johnson, David Hudson,

Andersen Hunt, John Gr. Ilitchcoek, Micajah W. Thweatt,

William H. Kambrough, Robert A. Ware, William Y. Barden, Eldridge S. Greenwood, Thos. J. Shivers, Walter H. Weems, Greorge W. Turrentine, John Peabody.
MARRIAGES.

March 26--James McDuffie and Susan Kent, of Girard. April 15--In Barnwell, S. G.,S. T. Chapman, of Columbus, and Cornelia Isabella Dick.
June 7--George E. Sherwood and Martha W. Spencer. June 16--James L. Stockton, of Tennessee, and Eliza J. Wimtaerly. June 30--John A. Norton and Mary A, E. Sturgis. Sept. 10--Chester G. Holmes, of Apalachicola, and Eugenia, daugh ter of Col. W. H. Harper.
"We find on the Record of 1839 and on, some marriages re corded which took: place before the Kecords were destroyed in the burning of the Court House in October, 1838. They are inserted here as matters of interest, not having been dis covered till the previous years had passed through the press.

1835.

March 1--James S. Moore and Martha M. Tarver.

April 23--Ephi-aim C. Baudy and Marian 35. Buriies ; Kicliard

Hooper and Louisa P. Shivers.

May 10--I.arkin Farr and Martha Wilks. May 14, John S. Bell and

Charlotte Craige.

Nov. 19--Benjamin Wells and [Louisa Curtis,

1837.

March 10--James L. DeLaney and Margaret J. Brewer.

Aug. 2--John Johnson and Hannah Briggs.

Oct. 25--James D. Johnson and Eliza Daily.

1838.

Jan. 16--James M. Watt and Treacy McCrary.



March 15--Erances Fayerwether and Mary J. Moore.

June 7--Hero Tapper and Clarissa Evans.

Sept. 29--John Eagen and Eliza Anderson.

May 16--John B. Dozier and Emily E. Huff.

Nov. 28--Wm. M. Clemmons and Elizabeth Phillips.

1840.

Jan. 2--Wm. ILam and Mary A. M. Morris ; Andrew J. Baggett

and Elizabeth Cook ; Wiley Weaver and Eliza Fontaine. Jan. 9, W-

H. Howard and Harriet Howard , William Powers and Margaret

114

MARBIAGES.

Ilearn. Jan. 12, Jas. W. Thompson and M. A. Orderly. Jan. 6
_A|mbrose Davie and Anna Philip. Jan. 23, Elbert Duke and Marga
ret Lowry. Jan. 21, JN"eil Culpepper and Eliza Channel. Jan. ,27,
William Roland and llebeeca TTarrison. Jan. 30, Jesse M. Bead and
Elizabeth R. Ligou. Eeb. 4--Simon W. Driver and Eleanor W. Fleming. Feb.10, Fred
erick W. Dixon and Mary A. Roland. Eeb. 16, Robert C. Patterson and Sarah A. Hickey. Feb. 19, 55 en a Roland and Malinda "Wil son. Feb. 20, H. "Vanhorn and Emily Christian. Feb. 23, Samuel Beck and Sarah Rodney; Franklin Greer and Elizabeth Chordre; Alfred T. Sir.tighter and Martha Williams.
March 2--Thomas Roland and Martha Knotts. March 27, James Abercrombie and Sarah A. Abercrombie.
April 2--llufus K. Mills, of Alabama, and Sarali A. Porter. April 12, James H. Patrick and Nancy Johnson. April 22, Renben R. Hud-
gins and Olive Wells. April 23, Thomas W. Watson and Fredonia C. Holmes. April 30, James Howell and Malinda Shoftiier.
May 10--William Barrow and Mary A. Walker. June 18--John F. Boon and Mary H. John. June 26, John ABrown and Tamar Blackmav. June 30, Daniel Strough and Mary Cox. July 2--Thomas Way land and Jane Leigh. July 8, Edward E. Wade and Lucy Blake. July 15, .Dr. Leroy Holt and Mary Ann Sankey. July 29, John. A. Walker and Frances M. Coleman. Aug. G--ILciiiy J. Eilbeck and Sarah A. H. Cook; William Short and Mary V. P. Lambs. .Aug. 5, William J. Duke and Delia Duke. Aug. 10, J. J. Claxtoii and Susannah Doriiiger. Aug. 13, James McG-mth and Eliza Dobbs. Aug. 20, Matthew Beck and Mary San ders. Aug. 26, Isham Hicks and C. A. G-oss. Aug. 27, James McGowiin aiul Mary Nobles. Sept. 10--Daniel H. Fox ;md Cutluirine Mc-Ginty. Sept. 25, Asa .Henry iind Eli/jibtitli Hortan. Oct. 22--Robert L. Moore and Alary Askew* Oct. 29, J-Iarvey W. Nahce and Elizabeth Blackmail. ^STov. 5--John Ilatten and Sarah A. E. King. Nov. 12, Sterling 1 J. Terry and Elizabeth A. Chapman; Seaborn Siieetl and Ataline Slaughter. Kov. 17, Win. O. Prather and Emily C. Grimes. Kov. 19, Raiidall McNeil] and Sarali Fisher, ^"ov. 23, Samuel Webster and Elizabeth Mackey. 2Sr ov. 24, Thos. D. Fortson and Eliza. A. Pruett. jSfov. 25, Charles Rule and Eveline Giddings. Nov. 26, Wm. Price and Caroline M. Tillmaii. Dec. 10--Walter T. Colqnitt and Aphia B. Fauntleroy; Henry Reese and Sarah Ann Styles. Dec. 11, Edward Acre and Elizabeth Armstrong. .Dec. 17, John I. Grant and Martha Shippey ; Robert Newsome and Mary A. Smith. Dec. 27, F. M. Doles arid Mary L. Seger. Dec. 30, Jackson Baxley and Harriet BaChelder.

DESTRUCTION' OF THE BRIDGE.

115

DEATHS.
Jan. 5--Simon TJrazille. Jan. 25--Col. Weston W. Ford. March 12--Arthur Shuaf. son of Hon. Alfred.1 Iversou. April 26--Mrs. Harriet Susan Taylor, wife of "Dr. E. T. Tnylor. May 6--Mrs. N. D. Laird, wife of !Or. O. P. Laird. June 26--In Gfirard, Benj. T'inron Tarver. June 30--Ann America, child of A,. O. Blackmar. Jiily-7--Xear the City, "Roht. F. Cook, a native of Virginia. July 19--Eliza Ann Fletcbor, infant child of Josiah Hoherts. August 1--Airs. Agnew "Baker, wife of Rev. Joseph fS. 13aker, pas tor of the Ba.ptist Church. A.ugiist 20--Mrs, Catharine Long, wife of Col. 1ST. "W". Long, of Russell county. Sept. 9---Kev. Samuel K. Hodges. Sept. 10--Joseph I). Bethuiie. Sept. 15--Miss Antoiiette "Virginia Hutherford. Sept. 26--Mrs. Mary Ann Moore, wife of Roht. L. Moore. Sept. 2--In Muscogee, Win. Scurlock, a Revolutionary soldier, aged 81.

184=1.
Disasters--The Bridge Swept Away---.Failure of the Chattahoochee .Railroad Scheme.
The two most remarkable events in the history of the City for this year were the destruction of the Bridge by the great "Harrison freshet," and the failure of the projected connec tion with the Western and Atlantic Railroad. The city, however, escaped complication to any great extent in the failure of the Ghattahoochee Railroad and Banking Company, by the return of its bonds and of the mortgage which it had given upon the Bridge. We understand that the negotiation of a part at least of the "bonds had been, delayed by doubts as to the authority of the city; under its charter, to issue

116

ELECTIONS.

them. "Whether, if the "bonds had been issued and made available, the company would have been able to prosecute the "work:, or whether the proceeds would have been profitlessly used in the general derangement of the finances of the
country, is a question we will not undertake to decide. But
certain it is that an enterprise of great sagacity in its con ception, and one promising almost incalculable benefits to Columbus, failed with the Chattahoochee Railroad and Bank
ing Company.
At the election held on the first Satxirday in January, the following municipal officers were chosen:
Mayor--John L. Lewis. Aldermen--1st Ward, Thos. Morris and J. B. Green; 2d, Thos. Berry and a tie between Dr. Hoxey and B. B. Morrell (G-. W. 32. Be dell was subsequently elected--Dr. Hoxey declining;) 3d, Wiley Wil liams and J. B. Howard; 4th, B. A. Ware and John Quin ; 5th, J. D, Howell and J. J_j. Morton; 6th, Joseph Sturges and A. J. Abbott. The following city officers were elected by the Council: Win. A. Douglass, Clerk; 2ST. M. C. Robinson, Marshal; John B&thune, Treasurer; Bichard Gray, Bridge-Keeper ; Hugh McDonald. Deputy Marshal; J. J. B. Hoxey, City Physician; V. S. Townsley Clerk of the Market; Win. Babon Shivers, City Attorney ; Thomas W. Dutton, Sexton; n.N. B. Bardwell, jSTeill MeNair, Jacob Bar row, George W. Martin and Horatio Smith, Port Wardens. It would appear that there -was a tie between the friends of Harrison and Van Buren, respectively, as the result of the
regular election--6 to 6--and at its first meeting Council could not elect city officers because of this equal division.
The special election in the 2d Ward resulted in the choice of Mr. Bedell, the Harrison candidate, giving his party seven votes in the Board; and at the second meeting of Council,
on the 9th of January, the above named officers were elected. Mrs. Cassy Ann McGehee was Superintendent of the Hos
pital. Council adopted a resolution, in January, asking Congress
to make Columbus a port of entry. Dr. Wm. S. Chipley was President, and Dr. B. T. Taylor,
Dr. Win. K. Schley, Dr. J. J. Boswell, Dr. A. J. Pond, Lewis

LOSS OF THE BRIDGE.

HT

C. Alien and Lawrence Fields members of the Board of

Health.



The Bridge-keeper, this year, "was instracted to have tickets prepared for tolls, and to furnish them to persons purchasing

$5 worth or more at 25 per cent, discount.

Fire Wardens this year--Byrd F. Kobinson, Benj. Coleman, "Win. R. Bell.

In March, the Board of Directors of the Ohattahooclie-e Railroad and Banking Company proposed that the city should

withdraw its subscription to the stock of -the company ; and in May the city accepted, this propostion, receiving back its

bonds (which had not been negotiated) arid its mortgage on

the Bridge then destroyed,

LOSS OP THE BRIDGE.

On the llth of March of this year the city sustained a great pecuniary loss in the destraction of the bridge by what was

termed the "Harrison Freshet." The Enquirer of the 17th

of that month, gives but a short account of this disaster. It says that on Tuesday evening of the week previous, rain

commenced descending and continued to fall in torrents for forty-eight hours, with, slight intermissions. The city looked like it was built on a lake. On "Wednesday the Chattahoo-

ch.ee began to rise rapidly. The falls and rapids disappeared, and the turbid waters swept on their course. Whole trunks

of trees with their roots entire "were borne on th.e current. It had already risen withiu a few feet "of our noble bridge"

when a portion of the no less costly bridge at the factory, a few miles above, was seen descending the stream. It was

caught, as it swung around in an eddy, by citizens, and anchored to a tree. The weather-boarding was knocked off

the city bridge to save it. The river continued to rise Wed nesday night and Thursday at daybreak one end of the struc

ture floated o.ff the pier and dropped down the river, and "never was there a more majestic sight than the departure of

that noble bridge on. its remarkable voyage." Several par

tis; '.Talked across it a short time before it was prone. The

118

WATER LOTS.

river was then flowing over the flooring. The stage had just reached the Girard side--having passed over--when the bridge floated off. Its course, after leaving the piers, was uninterrupted nntil it reached "Woolfoik's plantation, eight miles below, where it took up new moorings in the centre of-a large cotton field, on which the river had never before been known to encroach. It was caught and made fast by Col. Woolfolk and his hands.
The destruction of the bridge was announced to Council at a called meeting, held on the llth of March, and the Board instructed a committee to make a contract at once for the construction of two flats for temporary ferriage.
Council also adopted a resolution thanking a number of gentlemen for their exertions to save the bridge.
At the meeting of Council on the 27th of March, proposi tions were submitted for re-building the bridge by the follow ing persons, at the prices named : Joseph Davidson, $15,500; Asa Bates, $15,000; John Bell, $ 14,800; David Wright, $13,000; P. H. Nolan, $16,000; John. Godwin, $15,100. ]STone of these parties proposed to include insurance, except Mr. Godwin, and his bid was accepted, not only on this ac count, but because he named the earliest time for the com pletion of the bridge. He was to have it ready for crossing by the 20th July.
In March, Philip A. Clayton was elected an Alderman for the 4th Ward, to fill a vacancy occasioned by the removal of Alderman Ware from the ward; and in May Stephen OK Wells was elected an Alderman of the St. Clair Ward, to fill a vacancy caused by the resignation of Aid. Howard.
At its meeting on the 29th of June the Board adopted an ordinance authorizing the lease of some and sale of other al ternate water lots on the river to persons who would contract " to make available the "water power connected with them, by means of a dam, and a race or canal, &c-.; and Josephus Echols having agreed to the terms of the ordinance, he was allowed

WATER LOTS.

119

until the first of October to complete his agreement, by bond, &o.
Trie contract for the sale of the water lots, heretofore tiin formally agreed upon, "was consummated on the 22d of De cember, 1841, between the Mayor and Aldermen of the one part and John H. Howard and Joseph us Bchols of the other part. The river front, west of Bay street, from Franklin street on the north to Crawford street on the soiith, "was laid off by John Bethune, surveyor, in 37 water lots, each lot 72 feet wide. Every alternate lot, being the even numbers from 2 to 36 inclusive, were conveyed in fee simple to Messrs. Howard and Eohols, in consideration of the sum of one hun dred dollars cash, and on the condition that they should con struct a dam across the river and a safe arid well constructed canal or-race, so as to allow a sufficient head at low water along all the lots, and to keep the clam and race forever in good repair--the dam and race to be commenced within one year from the 30th day of June, 1841, (the date of the bond made by Messrs. Howard and Echols,) to be made available for machinery on lot No. 1 within twenty-seven months, and be completed within five years.
A powder magazine, previously contracted for, having been finished by J. E. Yonge, was accepted by Council in June.
At this time a line of stages ran from Columbus, via Tuskegee, to Franklin, on the Montgomery and West Point Rail road. Columbus also had connection with the Georgia Rail road by a line of stages.
Mr. Godwin had the bridge ready for crossing in July, as per contract, and it was so reported to Council on the 21st of that month. An order for the discontinuance of the ferry was then adopted. Council received the bridge on the 23d of November, though it was not entirely completed at that time.
In.j^Vugust, Willis S. Holstead was elected an Alderman of the 2d Ward, in the place of Alderman Bedell, resigned.

120

INCIDENTS.

The Powder Magazine was completed this year, accepted

by Council, and R. Gray appointed keeper.

=

The controversy 'between the city authorities and Dr. S. M.

Ingersoll, in reference to the dam across the river constructed

by Dr. I., commenced this year. A committee was appointed

in December to inquire as to the right of Dr. Ingersoll to

build the dam, and whether it was not the cause of the river

banks washing away. The committee reported that he had

no right to build the dam, and that it was in part the cause

of the washing of the banks. They reported in favor of the

completion of a breakwater on the Columbus side, then being

built by Mr. Godwin, also that the Marshal erect a dam across

the wash, immediately above the bridge. Adopted,

INCIDENTS.

The Banks in Columbus resumed specie payment in Feb

ruary, as required by an act of the Legislature, but th.e re

sumption proved to be of short diiration ; for they suspended

again in March, and in June the Chattahoochee Railroad and

Banking Company, of Columbus, closed doors, and H. T,

Greenwood protested certain bills of tHe Columbus Bank to

the Governor. A committee was afterwards appointed to ex

amine into the condition of the Chattahoochee Railroad and

Banking Company. The bank had in circulation $200,000

of bills, and owned. 6,000 bales of cotton, well covered by ad

vances. We judge from editorial remarks that the Stock

holders drew out their capital stock, $141,000, before the

failure. The Directors afterwards appointed, as trustees,

John Bethune, ~Wm. P. Yonge, and Van Leonard. L. Gam-

brill was Cashier.

The first new bale of cotton of the season was received on

August 21st, from Jas. M. Pruitt, of Russell county, Alabama.

It "was sold at auction by Smith, Beattie & Co., to Lewis Liv-

ingston, at twelve cents, in Central Bank bills, and stored at

Win. P. Yonge's "warehouse.

*.

The Muscogce Insurance Company was in operation this

year--Directors, John Warren, G. E. Thomas, ID. S. Green-

BUSINESS MEN, ETC.

121

wood, John Peabody, T. B. Howard, Keimi th McKenzie. President, John Banks; Secretary, Matt. R. Evans.
Among the institutions of Columbus this year was the "Hibernian Benevolent Society," of which John Quin was President. Another was the "St. Andrew's Society," John

Bethune President, and Chas. Wise Secretary.

PERSONAL.
The Justices of the Inferior Court of Muscogee, elected this year } were Messrs. "Win. IT. Mitchell, Jas. M. Chambers,

Wiley Williams, S. A. Bailey and H. C. Sapp ; Tax Collector, T, A. Brannon; Tax Receiver, J, W. C. Rogers.
At the 4th of July celebration, N". M. C. Robinson was

Marshal of the day; prayer by Rev. L. Pierce, reading of the Declaration by Jas. Ij. Pierce, Esq.; and oration by A. IICooper, Esq.

Gr. "W. E. Bedell was Postmaster of Columbus.

In October, Col. A. McDougald was elected Senator, and

Van Leonard, John H. Howard, "W. T. Oolquitt and J. H.

Watson Representatives of Muscogee.

'-

Messrs. Bxill, Goulding & Co., were proprietors of the H/n-

quirer.

"We find these advertisers hitherto nnmentioned: John Lloyd, book-keeping teacher; Moses Garrett, window blind and sash factory ; James Rousseau, groceries ; James T. Ep~ pinger & Co., hats and caps ; Wra. R. Shivers, "W. P. Sanford & Dow dell, lawyers; W. S. Billing, druggist and physician; Drs. Boswell and Billing, physicians ; F. A. Halleter, teacher ; "W. J. Ellis, school teacher; J. B. Landrum & M. Matthewson, auction and commission business; Hampton S. Smith & Aug. Hayward, warehoiisemen; Andrew Low & Co., grocers ; R.

"W". B. Munro, principal of the "Wynnton Female Academy; Gr. B. Thomas & L. T. Downing, lawyers ; H. W. Nance, gro cer ; J. A. Dublois, H. T. LTall & P. N, Ruse, warehousemen ; Peter McLaren, grocer ; G~. W. ^VoodrniT & Co., dry goods J. J. McKendree, J. P.; S. S. Grimes & H. T. Greenwood, grocers.

122

MABBIAGES.

Rev. W. D. Matthews "was Presiding Elder of the Colum-

bus District.

. ::

MABBIAGES.
Jan. 3--'Win. Champion and Ann Da vis. Jan. 7, Isaac G-allups and Martha Pate. Jan. 15, .Augustus G. Smith and Martha McCollister. Jan.. 17, Benjamin F. Malone and Susnn Ann Burcli. Jan. 19, Theophilus Bvyan and Laviria Weathers. Jan. 20, .Richard -.Jefferson and Rebecca Hays. Jan. 27, Milton Williams and Mary J. Ruther ford. Jan. 31, James Hay and I) icy Hryaii.
Feb. 4--John I>. Carter find Zoonoiiia Iloxie. Feb. 9, Robert H. Yarborough and Margaret P. Burt. "Feb. 13, Paton H. Piiickard and Matilda A. Stone. Feb. 16, Matthew ,7. Parker and Mary A. Mackey. Feb. 18, Ilenson S. Estes and Martha J. Gray, JeptUa C. Dean and Isabella King:. Feb. 25, Thomas P. Sparks and Matilda Brun-
son, Benjamin Waller and Matilda Putnam.
March 4--Joseph G. King and Sarah N. McHaughton. March 10, Charles P. Henry and Virginia R. DuiTum.
April 13--Algernon S. ISaly and Martha A. Pain. April 15, William H. Lamar and Sarah. Sanders, John Johnson and Epsey George. April 17, Francis McMurray and Charlotte L. Goulding.
April 27, Joseph S. Pruden and Ann J. S. Orr. May 2--Irvin Watkins and Elizabeth JohnsoTi. May 5, Francis
Victory and Jane "Rodgers. May 11, James Barnes and Mary Cooper. May 16, John Dimoiid and Sarah L. Hollenbeck, John Mitchell and Sarali Lxinsford. May 18, Calvin Stratum, and Henrietta 'White-
May 20, Thomas O'Brian and Jane Evans. June 1--William Perry and Sarah C. Jones. June 8, Josiah M.
Kent and Rosella Jeniison. June 15, Daniel Johnson and Rebecca McG-ibbony. June 27, Bartlett T. .Dean and JSTancy Smith.
July 1--Simeon Bennett and Jfaiicy Perry. Jvily 8, Solomon. !BicTiley and Rebecca J. Culver. July 15, Paton Vincent and Malinda Tharp. July 22, Ansalum ~L-. Lawson and Elizabeth Huguely. July 26.' Israel W. Roberts and Hester Willers.
Aug. 1--Bradford Wall and Rachel Posey. Aug. 3, John Simpson and MaUnda Phillips. Aug. 19, Turner Peck and Tempa A. Laws.
Sept. 2--kelson McLester and Phebe B. Kirkland : Sampson Cox and Mary A. Clark. Sept. 9, Duncan Cooksey and. G-illy A. Tucker. Sept. 23, Anderson McNeal and Elizabeth Thomas. Sept. 26, James J. Chaffin and Nier Marcrum. Sept. 30, Miller H. White and Sarah T. Bennett.
Oct. 4--Hilliard S. IN"ewby and Mary Gray. Oct. 14, Abner G-. Coates iifid Cynthia I-IuguIey. C*ct. 17, F. Me. M. Marks and Ada-line A. E. Reed. Oct. 19, Joel C. Wiggins and Martha M. Russell. Oct. 27. "\\rm. S. Culver and Mary K. Archer.

MARRIAGES AND DEATHS.

T 23

Nov. 10--James H. "Wilson and Charlotte Kelley. Nov. 16, Chris. topher Chambliss and Amanda M. Edwards, Alexander Dent and Martha Weddingtoii. iSTov. 18, James M. Harris and Martha Hay, B. P. Rogers and Sarah A. Underwood. Nov. 23, Bennett M. Baiford and Mary Jane Kent. Nov. 25, Tillman D. "West and Caroline Pickard.
Dec. 7--"William Iversoii and Haney Ann Dawkins, Lewis T. Wimberly and Hannah Pitts, John C. Brassill and Elizabeth Miiiyard. Dec. 14, Pranklin A. ISTisbet and Arabella Alexander. Dec. 21, Clias. B. Smith and Martha A. Adams. Dec. 23, John Tillery and Rebecca Powers. Dec. 24, Archibald Armstrong and Louisa Prosser. Dec. 28, Abraham ~W. Mann and Sarah A. "Wilkes. Dec. 29, James Cummings and Jemimah Hays. Dec. 30, William B. "Wilkes and Permelia Johnson.

DEATHS.
March 24--David Golightly, Esq. May 15--Thomas, Son of William and Lucinda Salisbury. May 2t--Mrs. Mary Matilda, wife of W. W. Garrard. July 10--Benjamin B. Morrell. JuJy 14--Maria, daughter of Samuel K. Hodges. July 16--In Greensboro', Mrs. A_nna V., wife of James S. Cal. houn, Esq., of Columbus. Aug. 6--Mrs. Caroline McGehee, wife of Samuel W. McGehee, of Barbour County, Ala. Sept. 5--Mrs. Wiimifred Bivins, wife of M. TJ. Bivins. Oct. 4--William Gilbert. Oct. 31--George Smith, a native of Scotland. There were 53 deaths of white persons in the City this year, of whom 28 were adults, and 25 children. But the above are all the names we can find in the records before us.

CITY OFFICERS.
18-42.
The First Great Fire-- Council refuses to have Fire Engines-- Hard up for Gash --Sale of Water Lots, and Stipulations for Cotton Factories,
At the municipal election held on the first Saturday in January, there was a tic between John L. Lewis and Dr. W. S. Chipley, candidates for Mayor, and the following gentlemen were elected Aldermen:
1st Ward--Thomas Berry, Francis ]Xr , Ruse; 3d, Thos. Morris, Edward Barnard; 3d, N. I;. Howard, S. G. Wells; 4th, John Q.uin, Thomas Evcrett; 5th, John IX Howcll, Joseph L. Morton; 6th, Joseph Sturgis, A. J. Ahbolt.
At a special election held on the 15th of January, John L. Lewis was elected Mayor, by a majority of 30 votes over his opponent Dr. Chipley.
The following city officers were elected by the Council: Michael >T. Clarke, Clerk, salary $600 ; Nat. M. C. Robinson, Marshal, salarjr $1,000 ; James M. llug'hes, Deputy Marshal, sal ary $GOO; John Bethune, Treasurer, salary $800; Richard Gray, Bridge-Keeper, salary $000; John J. 13. Iloxoy, City Physician, sal, ary $200 ; Victor X. Townsley, Clerk of the Markut, salary $250; Daniel G. Sauls, Sexton ; John Manner, Hospital Keeper. The City Guard, consisting of 12, was chosen, as follows: James D. Wilkenson, Augustus A. Dill, Francis Madden, Benj. F. Coleman, John Sullivan, "William H. Thompson, Simeon Guthrie, "William E. Bradford, David J. Barber, William N~. Jackson, Hugh McDonald and John G. Bunnell. Dr. Win. S. Chipley was elected President of the Board of Health, and the following gentlemen chosen members of the Board: Dr. Anderson. Hunt, Dr. A. I. Robison, Dr. ~W"m. K. Schley, Eichard Sammis, Alex McDougald, Ephraim C, Bandy.

Port Wardens elected--Seymour R. I3onner, Jacob Barrow, Frederick Toby, R. K. R. Bard well and H. T. Hall.
John M. Bethune was elected City Attorney. The principal city taxes levied this year, in accordance with an act passed by the Legislature on the 10th of Decem ber, 184:1, were the following: On all white males betweexi 21 and 60 years, in commutation of patrol duty, Ijpl ; on all free persons of color between same ages, <$6 ; on every $100 worth of town property, or stock in trade, or capital employ ed "by brokers, exchange merchants, banks, insurance or trust companies, or due by note, or of any other property not otherwise taxed, 2octs.; lawyers, physicians, factors or bro kers, $4. The city and county aiithorities agreed, in February, upon a plan for improving the public square, by planting ornamen tal trees, &c,, the city and county to share the expense equally. In March, "Willis S. Uolstcad was elected an alderman of the 2d ward, to fill a vacancy caused by the resignation of Edward Barnard. Several citizens of the 4th ward petitioned council, in March, for the abatement of "a nuisance," vi^ : an iron foun dry erected in that ward. This petition was referred to a committee of council, who reported against the abatement of the foundry as a nuisance. On Tuesday night, March loth, Columbus -had a big fire. It originated in a frame building, west side of Broad street, occupied by .Rosseau & Choate, as a grocery and dry goods store. That was destroyed; Win. Amos' two-story wooden building, occupied below by Mr. Abbott, as a grocery store, and Mr. Amos above ; Peter Criohton's coufectionary and bakery ; Wells & Hudgin's dry goods and grocery store ,- Col. S. Jones' two-story brick building on the corner occupied by Estes & Illges, grocery, Moore & Hodges, and McGrough & Crews, dry goods (this was blown up); Mr. Hargrave's brick building, occupied by Boswell & Billing, .druggists (this was

FIRE ENGINES.
Mown up); Mr. Hargrave's two-story brick bxiilding, occu pied by Mulford & Adams, dry goods. The clothing store of Geo. C. Sherwood was also blown up. The market house and range below "were saved by blowing up houses. Two small buildings and the residence of A. 1C. Ayer, on Front street, were blown up. The fire was on the -west side of Broad be tween Randolph and St. Glair streets. The city had not a single fire engine. The following losses are reported : Col. S. Jones' building, $7,000 ; Ayer's $2,000 ; Geo, Hargrave's (two houses), $8,000 ; Look's $2,000 ; Grichton and Locks, $3,000 each; Geo. C. Sherwood, $2,000; Wells & Hudgins, and Rosseau. & Glioate, $10,000 each ; McGrough & Crews, and Mulford & Adams, $8,000 each ; Moore & Hodges, $ 2,000 ; Estes & Illges, $5,000 ; Abbott, $5,000 ; Boswell & Billing $6,000. Total loss $100,000--little insurance. G. E. Hurlburt, Professor of music, was injured badly by an explo sion, and died from the effects.
The origin of this fire was a mystery. Some persons en tertained the suspicion that Messrs. Rosseau & Choate fired their own. store for the purpose of obtaining the insurance, which was large. But a committee of Council, appointed to investigate the matter, made a report fully exculpating them, and stating facts which showed the suspicion to be unreason able and unjust. The committee also reported that the house was undoubtedly set on lire intentionally, and. Council offered a reward of $500 for the detection and apprehension of the incendiary. This fire also aroused the citizens to the necessi ty of "better safeguards against such disasters, and caused a rigid investigation for the detection of merchants who were keeping more gunpowder in their stores than the city ordi nance allowed. Several of them were reported as having violated the ordinance, and they were fined $50 each. Coun cil ordered the powder taken, from their stores to be sent 1 to the magazine.
The committee appointed by Council to confer with the citizens on the subject of procuring fire engines, reported on

CITY TREASURY LOW.

127

the 15th of April. A majority of the committee, consisting of Messrs. Morton and Ho well, reported against the purchase of fire engines at that time, insisting that it would require four engines at a cost of $8,000 ; that the city was so crowd ed with wooden "buildings that the engines could not be worked with much efficiency; that there was not a sufficient supply of water; and that the city could not now afford the expense. Mr. Quin, the other member of the committee, reported in favor of purchasing' the engines, in conjunction with the citi zens, who, he said, would mate private contributions. He took issue with the majority of the committee upon the points stated above, and contended that experience in other cities had fully established the efficiency of fire engines. The report of the majority of the committee was adopted by Council, by a vote of 6 to 3.
The office of City Physician having become vacant by the removal of Dr. Hoxey from the city, Dr. S. A. Billing was elected in his stead.
John Morgan, elected an Alderman of the 2d ward in place of Aid. Holstead removed from the ward, took his seat in May.
In June, in accordance with resolutions adopted by the citizens in public meeting, Council instructed a special committee to contract with some person for the construction of a dam or breakwater to arrest the encroachment of the river at the upper end of Broad street, then represented to be increasing and alarming. At a subsequent meeting, Council adopted a plan submitted by Aid. Quin, which was for the Marshal, with the city hands and other help to be employed, to fill up the break made by the river, with pine bushes cut from the east commons, and weighted down with rock.
Funds in the city treasury being low and partly in uncurrent money, Council in October authorized the Mayor to negotiate a loan of $20,000, and to mortgage any property belonging to the city as securityTxxr its repayment.
At a called meeting on the 18th of November, Council re-

128

INCIDENTS.

solved to offer for sale the remaining water lots belonging to the city, "by opening books of subscription until the 1st of December, estimating the property at $20,000 and dividing the interest in shares of $20 each. At the same meeting Council agreed, to sell to Dr. J. J. Boswell & Co., for the sum of $150, water lot No. 21, on condition that they pxit in suc cessful operation thereon a cotton factory before -the 1st of August 1844.
Subserviently Council agreed to exchange with Messrs. Howard and Echols, lot No. 1 for lot No. 4.
INCIDENTS.
Henry "W, Arnett, a citizen of Harris county, was mur dered in Columbus on the night of the 4_th of January. ----- Green was afterwards hung for the murder.
There was a strong feeling in favor of Texas in her still unsettled relations with Mexico. In March the citizens of ColurnVus held a large meeting, of which the Mayor was chairman, at which strong resolutions favoring Texas were passed. Large subscriptions were obtained for Texas. B. F. Malonc, D. P. Ellis and Dr. CUipley were of the commit tee of thirty-one to procure additional amounts. Santa Anna then ruled Mexico. Gen. Houston was President of Texas.
Thirty-eight men, styled "Coon Hunters," left Columbus for the Texas army, via Apalachicola. Major J. B. Hosey commanded.
Jones & Moore's merchant mill, in the upper part of the city, during the spring had floated into the middle of the river. Mr. Bridges, with four men, succeeded in floating it ashore, where it "was as good as ever.
We find a notice of the participation of two Columbus volunteer companies in a general muster on the 21st of June. They were the Muscogee Blues, Capt. Schley, and Columbus Guards.
The Sabbath schools of die city celebrated July 4th with speeches, &c. The Wynnton, Methodist Factory, Baptist,

PERSONAL.

129

Girard and Presbyterian Sabbath schools are named. Revs. Drs. Baker and Croulding participated.
Gen. Mirabeau B. Lamar, ex-President of Texas, arrived in Columbus on the 12th, and took lodgings at the Ogletliorpe House. He was tendered a public dinner.
The first bale of cotton -was brought in by Mr. John Odom, of Russell county, on August 15th, and was sold in specie funds to Mr. LeGrand Wright for ten cents.
In September, John Hunter, L. J. Davies, Hall & Moses, B. & J. Kyle, Hill, Dawson & Co., Ruse & Barnard and L. B. Moody -were appointed a Board of Trade to report a weekly exchange table. They reported, among other things, Colum bus and Planters' & Mechanics' Banks "brtflce;" City Coun cil's, 10, 20 and 25 per cent, discount; Insurance and Phenix Banks of Columbus, par; sight checks on New York, 2 per
cent, premium. The grand jury at the fall term, reported that Muscogee
county owed a debt of $19,683. Cotton in November 4-J to 6c. in specie funds, and in
December 3J to 6c. The new and splendid steamer "Columbus," Capt. Alien,
arrived in December. The receipts of cotton from the 1st Sept. 1841 to the 7th
May, 1842, (the latest statement we can find) were 40,424 bales.

PERSONAL.
At the county election on the 1st of January, John Manghani was elected Sheriff over M. Dancer; W. Y. Barden, Clerk the Superior Court, over Gruerry ; Nelson MeLester, Clerk of Inferior Court, over A. Or. Beckham; McN~orton, Tax Receiver, over Lamar; Wilkes, Tax Collector, over Calhoun ; [T. A. Brannon was elected Tax Collector in April, to fill a va cancy.] Coleman, Coroner, over Kenney.
W. D. Matthews was Presiding Elder of the Columbus Circuit, and James B. Payne stationed at Columbus.
The April grand jurors were: S. Boykin, J. B. Green, A,

130

PERSONAL.

F. Brannon, A. G. Bass, R. A. "Ware, W. II. Maynor, John Logan, B. A. Sorsby, K. H. Greene, E. Tarver, K. N. K. Bardwell, J. J. Bos well, J. J. McKendree, A. Hunt, Thomas Mor ris, H. S. Smith, II. King, R A. Greene, T. H. Smith.
"William Y. Barden was Clerk of Court. S. W. Flournoy "was announced as editor of tlie HJnquirer in May. The October election resulted in the choice of McDougald, Senator, over Flournoy ; Baker, Guerry, Pool and Alexander, for the House, over Leonard, Green, Wynn and Jones--all the elect Democrats biit Leonard. The grand jury for the fall term was composed of A. H. Flewelleii, John Woolfolk, "Van Leonard, A. I, Hobison, Sam'1 Kjoockogey, Jacob Fogle, Aaron Odom, A. L. Grant, Owen Thomas, M. W. Thweatt, Mansfield Torrance, J. K. Jones, "W. E. Jones, S. O. Lindsey, M. D. Jones, Josiah Beall, Jas. McGuire, George C. Sherwood. John L. Lewis was Solicitor, and M, J. Wellborn Judge of the Giro ait. It was announced on the 3d of October that the Enquirer had been bought by K. T. Marks and Thomas Ragland. We find mention made, in their advertisements and other wise, of the following business men not heretofore noticed : Mvrvlt-atits-- D. & J. Ky]e, Kylo & Barnott, Mulfor.l & Adams, B. Wells, J. Ennip, T. M. Ho,ynn, George A. Norris, Wade & Middlcbrook, R. W. Jaques, Greenwood & Grrime^, Hamilton, Peyton & Co., A. M. Cox, Hall, Ru-se & Co., J. T. Eppinger & Co., Fos ter & Ward, Ayer & Starr, Thomas Bumstead, H. W. Nauce, S. A. Billing, Ware & Pond, J. B. Strapper; J. D. Howell, G. C. Sherwood, J. & J. Brooks, Ives & Brother, G. W. Woodruff & Co., Wm. H. Hurd & Co. Hotel-Keepers--E. & R. L. Bass, the City Hotel; IVm. B. Phillips, of the Oglethorpe House, afterwards Wm. P. McKeen. Teachers--Thos. B. Slade, J. M. Hampton, Mrs. Dozier, R. "W. Munro (Wynnton,) J. N. Goodale (Wynuton.) Auctioneers-- John Johnson and Calvin Stratton, Horatio Smith, Landrum & Co.

MARRIAGES.

131

Lawyers--Hosier, Howard and Pierce, W. W. Murray, Williams & Shivers, Bailey & Cooper, Thomas & Downing, McDougald & Watson, Irerson, Forsyth & Meig-s.
Brokers--Da vis <fe Plume; Dentists-- Charles T. Cushman, Chas. P. Hervej'; Watches and Jewelry---Q-. B. Phole, L. A. LeGay ; Blind and Sash .Factory--Moses Garrett; Comb Making, &C.--D. L. Booher.
Warehouse and Oommission--Smith & Havward, Hall, "Ruse & Co., Tongs &, Spencer, B. A. Sorsby, Jacob M. Johnson &, G. W. Turrentine.

M ARM AGES.
Jan. 6--Reecy G-unn and Emily JVC. Bugg, Charles "West and Clarrissa A. Luckie. Jan. 9, Thomas J. Barbaree and Mary A. Shaw, Samuel G. Prey and Martha J. Monfcus, John Culpepper and Celia Pickorn. Jan. 13, Richard Pool and Jeauette Oliver. Jan. 23, John W. Parsons and Mary Cordery, John P. B-oekmore and Martha C. Needharn, James A. Perdue and Nancy Christian^ Jan. 25. Robert Boyd and Mary A. McMurray, William J. Bush and Eliza Ann Pate.
Feb. 3--Andrew Boland and Luticia W. Barrmgton. Feb. 6, Josbua Canter and Eliza Williams. Fob, 8, Jesse Boland and Mary A. Cole. Feb. 16, John Hunley and Mary Christy. Feb. 17, John K. Young and Sophia Mortozi. Feb. 20, Martin Minims and Mary J. Padget. Feb. 23, Abner Wilkinson and Matilda Taylor. Feb. 24, Wm. D. Vickery and Mary E. Wadding, New ton M. King and Nancy C. Lisle. Feb. 25, Henry Stringfellow and Zilphia Bush. Feb. 21, Garrett B. Claytoii and Caroline Duke. Feb. 28, Francis N. Reese and Mary F. Hunt.
March 1--John May and Mary Emmett, Jonathan Hunt, Jr., and Frances Hitt. March 3, Hillery IT. Nash and Clarkey Scott. March 4, Philander Thompson and Sarah A. Lcster. March 6, James Hyatt and Mary Clark. March 10, John P. Lunsford and Nancy Scott. March 15, Philip G. Heigdon and Jane GardnerMarch 17, John Hamell and Emilj^ H. Bosworth. March 20, Dan'1 Brewer and Mariah Owens. March 24, Jackson Fontaine and Martha Potts, James Johnson and Martha Smith. M^arch 27, Jackson Williams and Nancy Clyatt. March 20, Daniel J. Smith

132

MARRIAGES.

and Mary Ann Pearson. March ^31, James M. Champion and Elizabeth Willis.
April 2--Jasper S. Smith and Ann Stanley. April 5, Benjamin W. Walker and Mary Watson. April 7, Humphrey Poscy and Mary Wind ham, Pleasa-nt Hut chins and Emeline Cole. April 21, James M. Brooks and Eliza Gray. April 28, Samuel Lewis and Nicy Ann Brooks.
May 15--Wm. Bitch and Eliza Williams. May 24, Win. B. Langdon and Frances B. Peters. May 29, William Taylor and Elizabeth Parnell. May 31, Absalom II. Cbappell and Loretta Rebecca Lamar.
June 8--Robert B. Murdoch and Lydia Spencer. June 9, Wil son Wright and Elizabeth Davis. June 23, Thos. G. Richardson and Lucinda Martin. June 30, Drury A. Ridgeway and Erances S. Reese.
July 7--Peterson Sanders and Elizabeth Leonard. July 8, Thos. Morris arid Maria.h MeDaniel. July 10 7 Wm. P. Coleman and Sarah C. Li v ingest on. Jnlj7" 24, Johnathaii Me Clung- and Lusina Askew. July 26, William Dubosc and Elizabeth T. Alston.
Aug. 3--John N. Underwood and Zelia A. S- Huckaby. Aug. 24, Andrew Henry and Jane A. Jenkins. Aug. 25, Geo. Allston and Elizabeth Sanders.
Sept. 6--John C. Tozier and Julia A. Sims, Sept. 8, Richard G. Parkman and Waf'cissa A. Moore. Sept. 33, Linson Pickard and Nancy C. Coleman. Sept. 15, Benjamin Cooper and Eliza Davidson. Sept. 18, Silas It. Shirey and Piety Drake, Alvin Pruett and Frances Ann E. Mealing-.
October 5--Archibald Calhoun and Sarah Jane McMurray. Oct. 6, Elisha Davis and Luticia McCloud. Oct. 11, Robert P. Col well and Elizabeth Christian. Oct. 18, Richard H. Harris and Mary J. Hudson. Oct. 25, James Wall and Elizabeth CowartOct. 27, Qilford Strickland and Jthoda Davis, George G. Henry and Eliza P. Gary. Oct. 30, Rolin W. Smith and Caroline M. E. Russell. Oct. 31, Francis M. Brooks and Clementine Beauchamp.
Xov. 1-4--Richard II. W. Hinton and Mary J. Elder. Nov. 16, Thomas Hawkiiis and Mary H. McCoy. Nov. It, John II. Hood

MUNICIPAL ELECTION, 1S43.

133

and Eliza K- Bcauchamp. Nov. 20, Benjamin Adams and Jane Hutchins. Nov. 30, Shadrack Wall and Mahala Patrick.
Dec. 6--Solomon Glass and Jane Williams. Dec. 7, William Blount and Sarah Turrentiue. Dec. 15, Henry P. Shofner and Margaret Rogers. Dec. 18, William Jones and Martha Ann Walls, Hamilton Good and Kliza Ann Hickey. Dec. 20, Samuel 1). Johnson and Tvozxiah Motley, Geo. S. Hawkins and Josephine 0. S alii van. Dec. 22, Anders A nderson and Petrar Jjarwen, Edward Baug'h and Mary A. King, Wm. Morgan and Nancy Coffer. Dec. 26, John W. Kelly and Sarah C. Martin. Dec. ST, Edward Culpepper and Elizabeth Williams.

DEATHS.
Jan. 20--Robert E. Broadnax. Jan. 26--Mrs. Martha Wetis, wife of S. G. Wells. Feb. 1--Mrs. Sarah Jane Persons, wife of Dr. J. T. Persons. April 2--George K. Hurlburt. June 27--John Thomas, son of J. B. Strapper. July 5--Robert Walter, son of Mrs. M. K. Beall. July 10--Peterson Thweatt, Son. July 12--Mrs. Martha. Howard, wife of Augustus Howard. Sept. IS--Elizabeth B., daughter of Hockley C. McKee. The total number of deaths in the city during the year was 63 whites, of whom 33 were adults and 30 children.

1843.
The Remaining Water Lots Sold--Another Startling Trag edy--A. Sold Bank Robbery, <&c.
The municipal election on the first Saturday in January resulted, as follows: Jacob I. Moses was elected Mayor, and the following gentlemen Aldermen : 1st "Ward, J. J. McKendree, Willis S- Holstead ; 2d Ward, Josiah A. Beall, B. F.

134

STARTLING TRAGEDY.

Malone; 3d Ward, Wiley Williams, N. L. Howard; 4th Ward, John Quin, Frederick "Wilhelm; 5th Ward, Wm. B. Jones, Joseph L. Morton; 6th Ward, J. A. L. Lee, and a tie.
This Council commenced its work by a material reduction of the salaries of city officers. The following were the sala ries agreed upon : Marshal $500, Treasurer $500, BridgeKeeper $350 and a house free of rent, Clerk of the Market $150, City Physician $200, Attorney no salary.
At a special election held on the 14th of January, Edwin TJ. Burns was chosen an Alderman of the 6th Ward, to fill the vacancy. The city officers elected by Council were--City Clerk, Calvin Stratton ; Marshal, Wm. H. Alston TreasUTeT, John Bethune; Bridge Keeper, Wm. W. Martin; Clerk of the Market, V. S. Towns! ey; Sexton, Jeremiah Terry; City Physician, Dr. Wm. S. Chipley; City Attorney, Hines Holt; President of the Board of Health, Dr. Thomas Hoxey.
Jeremiah Terry having resigned the office of City Sexton, Green D. Sauls was Jn January elected in his place.
The plan of making private contracts with individuals for crossing the bridge was again adopted this year, the mini mum price required being $10 for the year.
A tragedy which startled the city and surrounding country was the killing of Col. Burton Hepburn, on the 5th of Janu ary, by Gen. Daniel McDougald. It occurred in the Direc tors' room of the Insurance Bank, of which Gen, McDougald was President. Col. Hepburn had been connected with (Jen. McDougald in business, and the difficulty between them was about their business affairs. It was understood that Hepbxvm had made threats against McDougald. On the morning of the killing Hepburn entered the office of Gen. McDougald in a threatening manner, or at least McDougald thought his visit was a hostile one, and it was then and there that he shot Hepburn. The killing, on investigation, was found to be an act of justifiable homicide.
By an ordinance adopted on the 4th of February, all per sons in the city subject to patrol duty under the Jaws of the

FIRST FIRE COMPANY.

135

State were required to perform guard duty in Columbus, under organization and direction by a Regulator of Patrol, wbose compensation "was to be one-half of the fines and for feitures collected. Dr. C. P. Hervey was elected Regulator, and in March his salary was fixed at $500 per annum.
The following were tlie Banks and Agencies located in the city this year, which appears from an order for the com mencement of suit against them for taxes that they refused to pay: Bank of Columbus, Planters and Mechanics' Bank, Cliattahoochee Railroad and Banking Company, Western Bank of Rome. In March the Bank of St. Marys was re moved to Columbus.
The South Commons was this year divided as nearly as practicable into 20 acre lots, and leased for six years, at prices ranging from $1 75 to $2 25 per acre. The commit tee attending to this matter reported that they found many trespassers upon the Commons, "amoog them nearly an en tire brickyard," and Council ordered the immediate removal of these trespassers. A forty acre lot east of the race course -was rented for the same term, at $1 50 per acre. The renters were John T. "Walker, N. M. C. Robinson and G. ~W. B. Bedell.
Alderman Barns having resigned, A. J. Abbot was in February elected an Alderman of the 6th -ward.
The only fire company of the city this year was the "Co lumbus Hook and Ladder Company," of which the following were the officers and members :
*"Wm.'_S.^;Chipley, President : Henry T. Hall, Foreman ; *George Peabody," Assistant ; R- T. Bri.ce, Secret a, vy ; * James Kivlin, Treas urer.
Members: Henry^T. Hall, !N. M. O. Robinson, F. A. Wriglit, R. H. Green, JohiTEverett. *B. F. Coleman, *"\Vm. S. Chipley, A. O. Blackmar, *P. A. Clayton, Jas. S. Norman, J. H. Turnbull, Wm. S. MorfcOH, *Chas. T. Insley, *W. J- MeAlister, David "Weight, *Jas. A. Bradford, *J. E. "Webster, "James KJvlin, John Coiidon, Benj. Dodge, Josiah Pranglin, Tlios. S. Oarr, *Wm. Snow, J". S. Arnold, *F. A. Cairnes, J. A.rTSTorton, fJ. "W. Aforgan, J. H. JJishop, Jno. B. Strupper, George Chalmers., John S. Alien, Hiram Young-, John C. Yourig,

136

BANK ROBBERY.

Hugh McDonald, B. T. Brice, *A. J. Moses, fj. Jt. Young, M. Simmons, *G. H. Peabody, Thos. Plemming, A. Anderson, Jos. O. N2 iles, *I. G. Strupper, K- P. Poster.
On Friday, April 14th, the city was excited by the an nouncement that the Western Insurance and Trust Company had been robbed of from $50,000 to $100,000. The office -was located in the two-story brick building next the Enquir er office, corner Oglethorpe and Randolph streets. It was afterwards occupied as a post-office, and burned many years ago. The families above heard a noise early in the morning. They found the teller, Alien G. Bass, and cashier, R. B. Mur doch, locked in there. According to their statement, as they were putting up money after supper, three armed and mask ed men rushed forward, blew out the candle and threatened to blow out their brains if they muttered. After the vault had been robbed, they were locked in. The citizens were greatly incensed, and the military companies, police and citi zens, were so posted as to prevent all egress from the town. No clue being obtained, on Saturday the Mayor searched the town. Mr. Thomas McKeen. had a room in the row of low wooden buildings on Randolph street, between Oglethorpe and Jackson streets. In his room, under the earth in a japonica jar which was freshly watered, a sock was found containing $4,300 of the stolen bills. McKeen was arrested. In the afternoon he was taken by Messrs. A. K. Ayer and N. M. C. Robinson, -who had .him in charge, in a carriage outside the city. A report became general that McKeen had been allowed to escape by the officers through an understand- V ing with the officers of the Trust Company, in order to get their money back. Pursuit was made and Ayer brought back. He made a speech from the bank porch, and, in con clusion, desired to know "what the people wanted. They wanted McKeen back. At 11 at night McKeen was brought

BANK ROBBEEY.

137

back, carried "before Judge Sturgis, and, in default of $6,000 bail, sent to jail Sunday morning. During this investigation, it was ascertained that Col. John L. Lewis, Solicitor General, had receivecifrom MoKeen information where the bulk of money was. Judge Sturgis required him to give $1,000 bail as a receiver of stolen money. .Lewis claimed that in his (Lewis') exertions to secure the money, McKeen, in order to procure his escape, had told him where the bag containing $54,000 was. All the money save $6,000 was recovered. Mr. Alien G. Bass, the teller pro tem., and Mr. Wm. !N". Jack son, were also arrested as implicated. The investigators named were Colonel J. H. Howard, R. B. Alexander, Hon. J. S. Galhoun, General Jarnes N. Bethnne Judge "W. H. Mitchell, General S. A. Bailey, Dr. W. S. Chipley, Wm. F. Luckie, Wm. S, Morton, J, E-, Jones.
"Win. N. Jackson afterwards made a confession which, was published in pamphlet form, but not in the papers. Lewis' trial occupied a week. Seven panels of 48 each -were ex hausted before a jury of 12 could be obtained. Judge Cone presided. John Watson, Alex. McDougald, M. J. "Wellborn, Seaborn Jones and "W. T. Colquitt defended, and Solicitor Gardner, Jarnes Johnson, Hines Holt, J. C. Allford and K. Toombs prosecuted. The trial resulted in an acquittal. During the trial one Dr. Smith committed suicide in the court-room by swallowing poison--prussio acid. He had been arrested that morning for stealing corn. About the same time Simples was drowned while trying to swirn the river. Officers were trying to arrest him for selling liquor in Alabama -without license.
Lewis did not then resign his solicitorship. He and the Democrats charged on the Whigs it was a party fight and prosecution.
The trial of the other parties was continued. Wm. E,. Jones, an Alderman of the 5th ward, having re signed, James H. Wilson wr as elected on the 1st of April.

138

SALE OF "WATER LOTS.

Aid. "Wilson, of the 5th ward, resigned in May, and States Lewis was elected to fill the vacancy.
At its meeting on the 13th of May, Council passed a reso lution accepting an offer of $5,000 made by Aftjor John H." Howard for the remaining water lots belonging to the city. But on the 27th. of May this vote "was re-considered. This question was one of much perplexity and stirred up some personal feeling. The re-considered resolution having again been called up at the meeting on the 8th of July, and a de termination to push it to a decision at that meeting having been announced, .Mayor Moses resigned his office on this ac count, arid Council thereupon agreed to postpone further action on the subject until the election of a new Mayor. The election was held on the 22d of July, and Henry T. Hall was returned as elected by a majority of one vote over "L. B. Moody; but Mr. Moody contested the election. Council ordered a special meeting for the purpose of considering this contest, and when it met for that purpose on the 25th of July, Mr. Hall, claiming to be Mayor, resigned. Council seems to have regarded his comrmmication as irregular or disrespect ful. After some consideration as to the form of proceeding, it agreed to accept the'resignation, but ordered that no part of Mr. Hall's communication should be entered on the journal. Another special election, for Mayor ami for an Alderman in the 4th ward in the place of Aid. AVilhelm, resigned, was ordered to be held on the 5th of August. On that day L. B. Moody "was elected Mayor, and Joseph E. Webster Alder man. On the 12th of August Council settled the vexed ques tion by accepting the proposition of Major Howard, binding him to improve the lots by the erection of machinery to be propelled by water within four years, restraining him from erecting any t bridge across the river, reserving the city's right to tax the property, and reserving to the citizens the right to fish at any place on the river banks included in the lots sold, with hook, seine or net; also reserving the city's right to use the gravel and sand in the river.

THE COTTON" MARKET, ETC,

IS)

Aid. Lee, of the 6th. ward, having resigned, Jacob M. Guerry was elected an Alderman of that ward in June.
The Committee of "Ways and Means, in June, reported the city's indebtedness as follows : Amount of city bills then in circulation, $29,221 33 ; certificates given for city bills on deposit, $15,960 ; amount due the State, $20,000; amount due prior to 1st June, $2,000--total $67,181 33. The Com mittee reported that the city revenues were inadequate to pay this indebtedness within, any short time, and recom mended the strictest economy and the rendering available of every source of revenue. They also offered an ordinance providing for bonding the city debts, in bonds bearing S per cent, interest and payable in eight years. This ordinance was adopted on the 19th of August.
On the 26th of August the select committee appointed for the purpose reported that they had negotiated with John G. "Winter a loan of $30,OJO, for which the bonds of the city, "bearing 8 per cent, interest, and secured by a mortgage of the bridge, were to be given; the bonds to be redeemable in yearly installments of ^8,000, commencing the 1st of Janu ary, 1848. This negotiation was ratified by Council.
The President of the Board of Health reported the whole number of deaths in the city from January, 1843, to January, 1844, 72.
We find the names of the following steamers and boxes whose arrivals and departures during this year are announced: Florence, Stapler Captain; Tjowell, Nileg; General Sumpter, Thompson ; Oconee, Greer ; box No. 2, Evelyn, Bilbro; Ori ole, "Woodruff; Agnes, Jenkins; Columbus, Alien ; Charles ton, Freeman; General Harrison, "Van VecB.ten; boxes ]STos. 3 and 4, Kings; ISTos. 5 and 6, John Godwin and Asa Bates; Tallahassee, Rynear ; Augusta, Hall; Boston, Holand ; Louisa, Brown ; Siren, Sharpies; Apalachicola, Sutton; Augusta, Cadwalader; Hobert Fulton.
Cotton took a wide range this year. It opened in January at 2J to 4fG.; stood at about the same figures in June ; the

T40

INCIDENTS.

first bale brought '6|- in August; the price rose to 7-| to 8| in October, and closed in December at 6 to 9c. With. such, a year now, dealings in "futures" would make more million aires and bankrupts than any other speculation in these times of commercial gambling.
A bill to authorize the election of Mayor and Aldermen for Columbus ~by general ticket, had failed in the Senate by one vote, after passing the House, in December, 1843. So the election of Aldermen continued to be held by wards.
INCIDENTS.
The shock of an earthquake was felt in Columbus on Wednesday night, January 4th, about nine o'clock. The vibrations succeeding the first sensitive shock continued per haps half a minute. People were badly frightened. The same phenomenon was experienced at Augusta, Madison and Washington, Ga., and Columbia and Hamburg, S. C.
Several fires, believed to have been started by incendiaries, occurred in January and February. The stables of Dr. Bill ing and T. A. Brannon were burned, and an attempt was made to burn. "W. C. Clapp's tin store.
Washington's birthday w~as celebrated by the volunteer companies and various societies. In the Baptist church, Mr. John A. Jones read Washington's "Farewell Address," and Mr. James Kellogg delivered an address.
The JKnquirer of March 29th says that on Monday of last week Mr. Thomas Fleming was stabbed by Patrick McCarty. He died the next Wednesday. He was followed to the grave by the Hibernian Society and Hook and Ladder Company.
July 4th. was celebrated by the two military companies. Procession marched to the Methodist Church, where James T. Bppinger read the Declaration of Independence, and Jas. L. Pierce, Esq., delivered a speecn. . Captain Bailey then com manded the Columbus Guards, and Capt. Schley the Muscogee Blues The Baptist Sunday School was addressed by Eev. T. B. Slade; the Presbyterian by Rev. Dr. Goulding ; and the Wynnton School was entertained at the residence of

r

PERSONAL.

141

I Col. Wra. L. Wynn (now the Holt place.) There were the usual barbecues, &c.
! The Western Insurance Company of Columbus wound up i business in the spring of this year. I First .bale of cotton was sent in August 25th; by John [ Odom, of Russell county, and sold at auction by Greenwood
& Ellis to Wm. A. Redd Co. for 6fc. Mr. James Johnson, of Russell county, was killed by light
ning while crossing the bridge over the river, on September 4th. The structure was somewhat damaged.
PEKSOISTAL.
Hon. Joseph Sturgis was Judge of the Superior Court of the Circuit, and J. L. Lewis, Esq., Solicitor. In December the Legislature elected Milton Williams, of Columbus, Solic itor, vice Lewis.
On July 19th is found the announcement of R. T. Marks that he has sold his interest in the Enquirer to Mournoy, Eaglaud & Ector. S. W. Flournoy, Esq., became chief editor. -
In October, A. Iverson -was elected Senator, over J. S. Calhoun ; and Messrs. John H. Howard, J. R. Jones, Willis P. Baker and R. B. Alexander, Representatives. All of these gentlemen, except Mr. Alexander, were Democrats.
Rev. Albert Williams was pastor of the Baptist Church in Columbus.
W. L\ Matthews was this year Presiding Elder of the Co lumbus District of the M. E. Conference, and J. B. Payne minister at Columbus.
The annual meeting and banquet of the St. Andrew's So ciety was held on December 25th. M, Chisholm was elected President; Vice Presidents--W. S. Morton and John Bethune ; Secretary and Treasurer--Charles Wise ; Stewards-- J. M. Bethune, Duncan McKenzie, and A. C. Morton.
The Board of Health reported the whole number of deaths (whites) in the city during the year, 72--the largest number

3 4:2

MABRIAGES.

, of -which (10) were from diarrhoea. Hine children died of scarlet fever, and 6 of cholera infantum.
MARRIAGES.
January 1---Wm. H. Clem and Louisa R. A. Hanks. Jan. 2 John A. Debloise and Emily Jane Ruse. Jan. 3, Wm. A. Livingston and Emeline Piekard, Alex Jemison and Lucy Ann Bvuwn. Jan. 4, Jas. Lee Sauls and Sarah A. Nix, Alexander Thompson and Elizabeth Reynolds. Jan. 5, John G. Ru?e and Musidora A Porter. Jim, 11, Absalom Adams and Lodusfca E. A. AdamS. Jan. 12, Thomas Ginn and Dorcas Newberry. Jan. 12, Thadeus S. Sturges and Marg-aret A. McCluskey. Jan. 15 John J. B. Hoxey and Caroline C. Cotton. Jan. 18, Wm. MeOauley arid Martha A. Alien. Jan. 19, Elbridge G. Webb and Martha A. M. J. Pollard, Stephen Johnson and Caroline Tato. Jan 20, Wm. Johnson and Nanev Williams. Jan. 23, Nathan H. Beall and Martha F. Beall. Jan. 30, Samuel MeGee and Elizabeth Floyd.
February 8 --Robert Brown and Mary Fleming, Robert H. Henry and Susan Houg-hton. Feb. 9, Micajah C. Wordlaw and Mary J. MeBride. Feb. 15, Jesse M. Reid and Ruth E. Prosser. Feb. 1^), Wm. McBride and Sarah Brady, F'arre Posey and Selethea Gin a. Feb. 22, Reese H. Moss and Nancy Barlow. Feb. 2{1, Thos. Harrill and Nancy Palmer.
March 2--Amos Ivey and Emily Ray, Thos. R. Robinson and Mary A. Brigruan, Mark J. Westmoreland and Jane Brittain. March 9, John II. Brittain and Jane AVestmoreland. March 13, James A. Gammell find Miasoura A. Williams. March 26, EIkanah Delaney and Elizabeth Glass. March 29, Franklin C. Johnson and Rebecca R. Foote.
April 2--Wm. Terry and Sarah A. "Whittington. April 7, John Morgan and Elizabeth Hudson. April 9, Kinyon Adams and Elizabeth Buckner. April 10, Jesse Ostern and Frances Harrison. April 13, Elijah B. Morgan and Isabel Davis. April 19, George Hargraves Jr., and Virginia Forsyth, Jeptha Warden and Frances H. Nickolson. April 20, Pread Bagley and Eliza beth Jones. April 25, John Gallops and Mary Cooksey. April 27, Wm. Moss and Harriet S. Ward.
May 1--John M. Hampton and Ariadna Pruett. May 6, Hartwell Elder and Mary Dimon. May 14, Beuj. W. Hastings and

MARRIAGES.

143

Julina M. Jones, Calvin T. Colson and Sarah Ann Evans. May23, Henry M. Tompkins and Henrietta M. Bethnne.
June 4--George Evans and Ara Paradice. June 6, Robt. M. Gamble and Martha R. Hasson. June 11, James Dunaway and Irena Swift. June 13, Ligrand S. Wright and Sarah L. Kimbrough. June 15, Lovick P. Zuver and Elizabeth J. Westwood. June 20, Lemuel T. Downing- and Mary E. Thomas. June 24, James Bustran and Rosa Shoots. June 28, Randolph Wood and Ann Owens.
July 13--John W. ISTash and Frances Mahorn. July 19. Beoj. F. Marshall and Caroline A, Howard. July 20, Thus. McQ-iuty and Jane IDavis, Franklin Lewis and Louisa A. Allums. July 30^ Leonard Lock and Mary Laton.
August 1--Robert S. Stockton and Eiigenia Broadnax. Aug. 6, Joshua L. O. Davis and Sarah Jane Adams. Aug. 13, Enoch H. Wilson and Hestor Ann R. Parker. Aug. 15, John B. Auchinleck and Emeline Auchinleck. Aug. IT, Honrell Davil and Elizabeth Champion. Aug. 24, Henry T. Smith and Eliza beth Graham, Perry D. Raany and Ann Culifer, Chas, Cleghorn and Elizabeth Ross.
September 5--Wrm. Nix and Margaret" McKinzey. Sept. 13, John West and Eliza Hudson. Sept. li, John T. Laiigford and Jane Champion, Sept. 17, John C. Edwards and Matilda A. tKlmore. Sept. 26, John L. Cheatum and Asceuoth A. Patterson.
October 5--Lev! L. Peacock and Mary V. P. Short, John A. Jones and Mary L. Leonard, Robert F. Jemison and Martha C, Pltts. Oct. 8, Job B. Parker and Martha Ann Bears. Oct. 12, Jas. W. H. Rarasey and Margaret Lawson. Oct. IT, Wm. S. Adams and Julia A. Miritor. Oct. 26, Wm. Brewer arid Louisa Williams, John Story and Mary Ann Jordan, Wm. E. Love and Caroline Louisa Calhoun. Oet. 2 9, Silas McMichael and Caro line Owens.
November 11--James E. Browning and Mary Johnson. Nov. 14, Wm. J. Watt and Sarah. A. Garrett. Nov. 23, Henry ET. Bradford and Martha Milford, James W. Norman and Elizabeth Majors, John C. Duck and Sarah Dunii.
December 3--Asa MeNeil and Emily Underwood, Albert Henry

144

DEATHS.

'

and Milly Perry. Dec. 12, Thomas Dann and Augusta Dozier, Wm. P. McKoen and Martha W. McCluskey. Dec. 15, Benjamin D. Watson and Frances Bartlette. Dec. I 1?, Robt. Johnson and Martha A, Jones, John Smith and America Ann Scroggins, Marian Bethune and Frances Jane Phelps, Thos. J. Powers aiicj Jane Williams. Dec. 25, Alfred Johnson and Sarah Roberts. Doc. 26, Nathaniel D. Massey and Ruthy Smith, William F, Mullins and Margaret Ann Dent. p Dec. 28, James H. GS-ilmore and Mary Jane Orr.

Feb. 9--Philip, infant son of Lewis lavingston. Feb. 14--Wni. C. Bissell, a native of Norwich, "Vermont. Feb. 25--In Wyiinton, Bird B. Mitchell, in the 65th year of his ago. March 23--Howard Chandler, infant son of Julius R. Clapp. March 31--In Girard, Lewis Townseiid, aged about 40 years. April 14--At Mt. Meigs, Ala., Gen. James C. Watson--long a prominent citizen of Columbus. His age was 56 years. May 13--Mrs. Ann Jones, wife of Andrew P. Jones. May 24--Leopold, infant son of John B. Green. June 11--Margaret P., daughter of Dr. F. L. DeGraffenried. June 27--lu Wjamtoa, Jacinta Marks, infant daughter of R. W. B. Munro. July 5--Thomas Scott, infant son of Dr. E. L. DeGraffenried. July 3--Ann Elvira, daughter of Wm. II. Mitchell. July 23--Sarah Ann, infant daughter of William C. Perrv. July 29--In Ma-con, Miss Rebecca Ann Lamar, daughter of Gen. Mirabcau B. Lamar---formerly of Columbus. Aug. 9--Rauiiald McNeil, aged 36. Sept. 10--Richard W., infant son of Robt. K. Green. Sept. 18--Francis Deblois, infant son of F, N. Ruso. Sept. 23---Near Columbus, Capt. Francis M. Marks, aged 40 years. Sept. 18--In Cherokee county, John G., eldest son of T. B. Howard, of Columbus. Sept. 19--Hugh McDonald, aged about 35 years. Oct. 7--Mrs. Mary Irving Williams, wife of Rev. Albert Wil liams.

THE MUNICIPAL GOVEBNMENT.

145

Oct. 9--In Florence, Ga., Major Jesse L. Bull, formerly of Columbus.
Oct. 24--Mrs. M. L. Reed, wife of Murray R.eed. Nov. 7--William J. Vincent, of Charleston S. C. ^Tov". 7--David Henry, infant son of Gen. S. A. Bailey. Nov. 23--In Boston, Thomas Burnstead, formerly of Colum bus. NOTE--Scarlet fever prevailed in Columbus this year, and most of the children named above died of that disease.

A Fair Commercial Year--Valuation of City Property---- The

First Fire Engine--Political Excitement High, &c.

This "was a year of heavy cotton receipts, and apparently

of a commercial business correspondingly large. The re

ceipts of cotton were 74,721 bales up to the 17th of April,

which is the latest statement we can find. This was about

seven thousand bales more than had been, received to the cor

responding date in 1843. Prices "were pretty good in the

winter and spring, being 9 to 9jc. in January and February,

5 to 9 in March, and 4J to 7c. in April. But they continued

to decline, until in October the quotations we^e 3J to 5 cents,

in November 4J to 4f c., and in December 3 to 4-fc. The re

ceipts from the 1st of September to the 25th. of December

this year were 40,024 bales.

.*

The municipal government for this year, elected on the

first Saturday in January, was composed as follows: Mayor,

L. B. Moody. Aldermen--First Ward--J. J. McKendree and

W. S. Holstead; Second--J. A. Beall and B. J1. Malone ;

Third--K. L. Howard and B. N. E. Bardwell; Fourth--

John Quin and John Everett; Fifth--J. L. Morton and States

Lewis; Sixth--Jacob M. Guerry and John A. Norton.

146

THE FIKST.FIRE ENGINE.

This 'was the year of the memorable contest for the Presi

dency, in which Clay and Polk were opposing nominees, and

political feeling ran so high even in January, that we find in

the papers the politics of each man elected or appointed to a

citv office. The Mayor elect is put down as a Whig, the Al

dermen from the 1st, 2d and 3d "Wards as Whigs, and those

from the 4th, 5th and 6th as Democrats.

The following city officers were elected by Council at its

meeting on the 8th of January: Cleric, Calvin Stratton;

Treasurer, John Johnson; Marshal, E. C. Bandy; Deputy

Marshal, J. M. Hughes; Bridge Keeper, W. W. Martin; At

torney, Wiley Williams ; Physician, John B. Hoxey ; Clerk

of Market, William. W. Tilley; Keeper of Hospital, B.

Ingram ; Sexton, Jerry Terry; Port Wardens--L. Livingston,

J. K. Young, H. Young, F. Wilhelm and John Kyle.

All Whigs, except Messrs. Williams, Bandy, Hughes and

Wilhelrn.

Salaries for the year were fixed as follows : Clerk of Coun

cil, .$350 ; Marshal $500 ; Deputy Marshal, $500 ; Treasurer,

$500 ; Bridge Keeper, $4:00 -, City Physician, $200 ; Clerk of

Market, $150.

Health officers elected by Council: Dr, Thos. Hoxey, Pres

ident ; Alex. McDougald, John Rounds, Dr. S. A. Billing,

Dr. M. Woodruff, Joseph Kyle, James Barron, Thomas

Sanders, -Tames Kivlin, W. W. Torry, Charles Wise. Mr,

Torry resigned in "March, and Wm. Alien was appointed.

Fire Wardens-- E. H. Green, N. M. C. Bobinson, H. T.

Hall, F. A. Wright, J. S. Norman, B. F. Coleman.^

Contracts for crossing the bridge were made this year

again.

An ordinance -was passed in January, requiring the owners

of all houses on Broad street, from Franklin to Thomas

street, to number them.

.

The first fire company of Columbus was the one organized

in 1843, as a Hook and Ladder Company. Its roster is given

in the preceding chapter. In 1844, in accordance with an act

WATER WORKS.

147

of the Legislature, it resolved itself into an engine fire com pany, receiving its engine by steamer on tlie 20th of January. The funds for its purchase had been furnished by the citizens. Tlie company, numbering about 75 members, turned out to receive it and convey it to the engine house. They were in uniform, and made a fine appearance. The organization of the Hook and Ladder company was retained.
This engine is still in Columbus, and up to quite a recent period was in active service. It is now laid up because the company last using it have obtained a newer engine.
At the .first lire which occurred after the arrival of the' engine, the company turned out promptly, but the scarcity of water prevented the efficient working of the engine.
The following were the principal city taxes levied this year : On every $100 worth of town property, stock in trade, capital employed by brokers or exchange merchants, stock in bank, insurance or trust company, or money loaned, 25 cents ; on each negro 'slave, 25c.; free persons of color $6 ; practitioners of law, physic, factors or brokers, $4 each; retail liquor license, $25.
In February, Council appointed Messrs. Thomas Morris, Theobold Howard and B. F. Coleman, Appraisers, to assess the value of the real estate of the city. These gentlemen, report ed the total valuation $1,266,055, which is the first report of the kind we have been able to find.
States Lewis, Alderman of the 5th Ward, resigned in Feb ruary ; and B. F. Malone, Aldermen of the 2d Ward, in March. ~W. W. Torry was elected in the place of Mr. Lew is, and N. M. C. B-obinson in place of Mr. Malone.
Messrs. Howard and Echols made application for an exten sion of the time within which they were required to com plete the dam across the river, and it was extended to the first of November of this year.
On the 10th day of April a contract between the Mayor and Aldermen on the one part, and- Col. John H. Watson on the other part, was signed, by which Col. "Watson was au-

148

BUSINESS OF THE CITY.

thorized to bring water into the city by means of aqueducts--> the privilege to continue for forty years, but not to the pre vention of similar works by the city authorities or other per sons. No money consideration is expressed in the agree ment, but it is plain that Col. Watson was to find reimburse ment in tolls for water supplied to the citizens.
A committee of Council made a report, on the 15th of June, upon the petition of Mrs. Seaborn Jones, President of the Methodist Female Benevolent and Educational Society, asking a deed to certain lots in the northeastern portion of the city, for the purpose of erecting an asylum thereon. The committee reported that those lots had never been sold, and the title appeared to be still in the State, and recommend that Council approve the grant of the lots by the State and con firm it by the grant of any interest which the city might have in them. The report was accepted.
On the same day Council deeded to Jonathan Bridges a lot next on the north side to water lot ~No. 1, and west of Bay street, in consideration of Bridges' completing the sewer crossing the lot and keeping it in perpetual repair.
In December, Council made a contract with Patrick Adams for the completion of the sewer at the foot of St. Clair street, arid the one between the bridge and the wharf, by their ex tension to the river and the construction of wells or reservoirs above their mouths--the "work to be completed in one year, and the price to be paid $1,600.
On the 25th of December, the Times, after alluding to the business activity and bustle then apparent on the streets, re capitulated the business and industrial establishments of the city as follows :
"There are in the city 209 establishments where a regular business is carried on. They are as follows :
"Dry good stores 26, grocery stores 57, provision stores 24, silver smiths 5, clothing stores 5, hat store 1, hardware stores 2, book and' stationery stores 2, saddle and harness 3, tobacconist store 1, shoe stores 7, bar rooms 17, auction stores 2, drug stores 5, crockery store 1, confectioner 1, tin ware 2, cabinet warehouses 4, "bakeries 3, cotton

INCIDENTS.

149

warehouses 5, livery stables 4, liotels 4, book binderies 2, iron foundry 1, printing offices 3, bank and bank agencies 4, blacksmiths 10, car riage warehouses 2, cotton gin. maker 1, wheelrights 3.--Total 209.
"There are besides, about 35 lawyers and. 25 physicians, 5 churches, wJth regular pastors, to-wit: The Presbyterian, Baptist, Episcopal, Methodist, and Roman Catholic.
"There is a large cotton factory on the river nearly completed, which we hope to see followed by many more, which will doubtless be the case, as the falls in the river at the city afford the finest "water power in the world.
"Columbus is beautifully situated on a broad and noble p^iii, around which the Chattahooch.ee sweeps, and is hemmed in by high hills., on both the Georgia and Alabama side. Jjevel as the plain is, it is perfectly drained by the well-timed enterprise of former city au thorities. The health of the place is unrivaled, as the statistics of the county show, that nowhere, not only in this latitude, nor in any other latitude in the United States, has the mortality been less in proportion to population.
"The annual income of the city, is in round numbers, $20,000 ; its municipal expenses about $5,000 or $6,000. The debt of the Corpora tion is something the rise of $40,000, about three-fourths of which is held by John G-. Winter, and the balance is due to the State of"Geor gia. Nothing but judicious management is necessary to give a proper direction to the natural resources of Columbus, to develope its busi ness energies, and to double its wealth, trade and population, in a few years."
INCIDENTS.
There was a great deal of rain in January, arid the river
rose higher than at any time since the "white settlement of
Columbus, except on the occasion of the "Harrisou Freshet"
in 1841, and it was very near as high as then. The stages
then running from Columbus east to Madison, and west to
Franklin on the Montgomery and West Point Railroad, -were
stopped for a week by high water.
On Monday, March llth, Henry Clay, the "Whig candidate
for President of the United States, visited Columbus. He
came in a stage-coach from Montgomery. When near here
he was welcomed by Major "W. B. Harris, and the Russell
County Clay Club escorted him to the city bridge. Major
James Holland was Marshal. An immense multitude, with
Col. A. K. Ayer, met him. Mr. Clay was put in a carriage

drawn by six cream horses, and amid shouts of welcome was carried to the old Oglethorpe Hotel. He was escorted to a platform in front, where he was welcomed in a long speech by Col. Hines Holt, to -winch, he eloquently replied. Thou sands present. In the afternoon Mr. Clay received his friends. A daughter of the late Dr. A. L. Acee, of Talbot County, then not thirteen years of age, presented him with a beautiful and highly finished Tance. Mr. Clay remained in Columbus two days and then, went on his way to Washington.
On Friday night, March 22d; the $4,000 residence of P. A. Clayton was burned, and his family barely escaped with their lives. The lottery office narrowly missed, being destroyed that day.
The Methodist Conference was held in Columbus in Jan uary, Bishop Soule presiding. The ministers attending were most hospitably entertained by the citizens, arid passed reso lutions of thanks for their generous reception.
The Phoenix Bank, of Columbus, closed doors in March. The President, IT. Martine, was arrested in New York and brought back to Columbus, and committed to answer the charge of fraud. The outstanding circulation of this bank did not exceed $85,000, and it was said that the citizens of Columbus did not lose more than $10,000 by it. It was an institution established here by foreigners and New "Yorkers, and appears to have been run for their private purposes, though a few good citizens had some stock in it. Its chief stockholders were G. Kostar, F. Martine, A. Mayor, and Lentilton & Co., all them of or recently from New York, and formerly from Europe. Nathan McGrehee was also a large stockholder. It was charged that Kostar had drawn out the specie and fled to Europe.- The bank was a resuscitated "wild cat" upon the ruins of the Farmers' Bank of Chattahoochee. Martine was in May released on habeas corpus.
Ou the 26th of April, Columbus Lodge of the I. O. O. F. celebrated the introduction of the Order in the United States. Alex. H. Cooper delivered the address. A. K. Ayer, J. S-

PERSONAL.

151

Norman, M. "Woodruff, T. K. Wynne, and L. B. Lemmon, constituted the committee of arrangements.
Oti the 5th of June the line residence of Mr. Wiley E. Jones, in the suburbs of Columbus, was burned by an incen diary, afterwards discovered to be a mulatto girl belonging to the family, who wa& arrested, confessed, and was whipped and imprisoned. She said she burned the house because she was not permitted to see a young man as often as she wished.
July 4th was celebrated by the Columbus Guards. At the Methodist church the Declaration of Independence was read by L. T. Downing and an address delivered by A. J. !R. Bowdre. The Sunday schools celebrated it in the Baptist church where Rev. Mr, Curry delivered an address, and Ifcevs. Dr. Goulding and Mr. Slade assisted.
The Methodist church in Columbus passed, strong resolu tions condemning the action of the General Conference re garding Bishop Andrew, and favoring a division of the church. The commlttcemen were Dr. A. H. Flewellen, J. MChambers, Seaborn Jones, Van Leonard and Geo. F. Foster. Dr. L. Pierce "was present and favored the action. Daniel Gurry, the pastor, and an opponent of slavery, left in conse quence.
The election of Polk and Dallas was celebrated with an illumination of the houses of Democrats in Columbus and other demonstrations of delight.
PERSONAL.
On January 1st T. A. Brannon was elected Sheriff; Buckner Beasly, Clerk of the Superior Court; r^elson McLester, Clerk of the Inferior Court; F. A. Jepson, Tax Collector; P. M. Thomas, Tax Receiver; John Bunncll, Coroner; Thos. J. Hand, Surveyor.
Mrs. James N. Bethune, assisted by Mrs. Janette Bethune, had charge of the Muscogee Female Seminary this year; Rev. T. B. Slade continued his High School; H. II. McQueen bad an English and Classical School; Dr. Andrews had a High School for boys; James H. Hampton continued his

152

MARRIAGES.

Superintendence of the Columbus Female Seminary; "W. B. Ijeary had a Classical and Mathematical School; J. H. Goodale was principal of the "Wynnton Male .Academy, and E. W. B, Munro of the Wynnton Female Academy. Mr. O'llara, aided by his daughters, was also engaged in teaching. It appears that Columbus and its vicinity were well provided "with schools and accomplished teachers.
Thos. Samford was P. E. and Daniel Curry stationed M. E. minister at Columbus this year.
On the 10th of April, Mr James Van Ness retired from the joint proprietorship of the Columbus Times, and John Forsyth became associated with "Wm. L. Jeter in its manage ment.
A most lamentable occurrence, on the 22d of October, was the death of Mr. James C. Cook, Sr., one of the oldest citizens of Columbus, who "was killed by a runaway horse. He was thrown from his buggy against a tree at his own door.
On the 9th of November, as two little boys about ten years of age, "were firing a toy cannon, one of them, a son of Hon. Joseph Sturgi s, stooped before the gun and received the charge in his neck, killing him in a few minutes.
MARBIAGES.
January 2--John Hazelton and Adalme Ramsey. Jan. 4, Jas. "W. Johnson and Elizabeth Hastings. Jan. 15, Thompson Cream er and Caroline R. Piggott. Jan. 18, EHsha C. Bowen and Elvira C. Bevill. Jan. 22, William Wadsworth and Mary Watley.
February 1--Jonathan Weaver and Emily IVtoye. Feb. 2, David Sncll and Cornelia Iv. Snellgrove. Feb. 5, Jacob Dorff and Nancy Hopkins. Feb. 8, Edrnond Pass and Amelia A. Hill, James Thompson and Nancy Williams. Feb. 13 T Lewis P. Mosely and Mary Ann. McCouney. Fell. 15, Joseph Cars well and Priscilla G. Baker. Feb. 17, Oscar P. Jones and Eliza Mooney. Feb. 21, Gottlieb Conzelman and Jorgine Gronbeck. Feb. 22, Ueo. R. Dingle and Nancy Sealy. Feb. 25, Wm. G. Booth and Sarah E. Parker.
March 1--David H. Funderburke and Martha Ann Pope. March t, John Fussell and Sarah Powell. March 21, Richard

MARRIAGES.

15S

Patten and Martha A. B. Hodges, Robt. G. Mitchell and Jane Ann Cook. March 24, Daniel D. Ridenhour and Mary A. Patillo. March 25, Owen Duffee and Sarah Lowther. March 26, Robert T. Simons and Sarah A. L. Patrick. March 28, Benjamin Alford and Frances Wilson. March 31, Rheddock Smith and Mary Wade,
April 6--Arthur McCHll and Catharine Sanders. April 30, Andrew J. Risher and Minerva McMichael.
May 6--Alien A. Goldsmith and Mary Jeter. May 22, Jas. W. Hewitt and Caroline Rowell. May 23, Wm. H. Pickard and Rosetta Culpepper, Geo. W. Robinson and Caroline A. SandersMay 26, Simeon Dean and Ann Willing-ham, Daniel 'W. Brown and Sabina A. Bailey.
June 6--Thos. J. Abbott and Eliza Pornoy. June 12, Thos. M. Baldwin and Sophia Dobbs. June 20, Geo. H. Betz and Mary Jane Miller. June 25, Williamson Rodgers and Elizabeth J. Colson.
July 17--Hyinan Allbritton and Louisa Farmer. July 20, Jos. C. Payne and Amanda J. Reed. July 27, Hansford C. Patterson and Sarah E. Bell.
August 2--John Colling and Matilda Song-gins. August 10, Edward M. Dozicr and Behethala Brunson. August 11, Eli Gray and Eliza Gray. August 13, D. C. Miller and Mildred R. Alston. August 18, Osborn Eley and Jane Russell. August 20, Stephen D. Pepper and Sarah Falkenbury. August 26, William Howell and Angeline Hearn. August 29, Edward E. Sizemore and Jane E. E. Worsham.
September 4--Jesse Wood and Margaret Ivey, Daniel Collins and Bethire R. Stuart. Sept. 5, Peter J. Gillstrap and Sarah Q. A. Parker, Christopher Culpepper and Mary Boland. Sept. 8, John Calvin and Elizabeth Whatley. Sept. 11, Joseph Brown and Elizabeth Kclley. . Sept. 19, Henry Morris and Adaline Pike. Sept. 22, Wm. A. Tjowe and Ann Thurman.
October 2--James Chordry and Martha Phillips. Oct. t, Pinkney Hazzelton and Clarrissa Doles. Oct. 10, Joseph Morris and Almeiiia R. Craigg, Alexander H. Cooper and Ann E. Billups. Oct. 13, Jas. A. Booth and Mary Ann Pope, Major J. Harris and Martha Hearn. Oct. 24, Wm. S. Green and Virginia E. Rogers. Oct. 29, Jas, M. Cofob and Elizabeth McNortou.

154:

DEATHS.

November 3--Jonas B. Russell and Susan Morris. Oct. 5, James J. Brown and Elizabeth Mott. Oct. 6, Jacob Johnson and Mary C. Higdou. Oct. 'I, Jas. C. Cook and Mary Louisa Redd, Washing-ton Purnell and Phebe Mahon, Raiidal Jones and Frances Cannon. Oct. 1 4, Augustus Howard and Ann J. !Lindsay. Oct. 17, David B. Edwards and Elizabeth Johnson. Oct. 2S, Jos. W. Woolfolk and Lu.ei.nd a M. Winter, John Etheridgo and .Xancy Castleberry.
December 5--Jag. D. "Williford and Almira V. Brooks. Dee. 12, Thos. Jordan and "Emily Wig-gins, George W. Tornberlin and Jane Rogers. Dee. 18, Samuel Cowles and Nancy S. Ivoekmore. Dec. ID, Jas W. G-ibson and Mary Gray, Josiah Morris and Sarah' E. Harvey. Dec. 22, John Odom and Mary" Ealy. . Dec. 27, Thos. Ijowry and Mary L. Stalling-s. Dec. 31, Geo. W. Christian and Mary Smith.
DEATHS. Jan. 12--Mrs. Elizabeth Johnson, wife of Jacob M. Johnson. Feb. 10--Pearce A. Phillips, "the last of his father's house", in the 19th year of his ag-e. March 9 -- Capt. Wm. R. Bell, a native of Beaufort, N. C. May 18--Mrs. Mary F. Cleveland, widow of Hon. Josse F. Cleveland. July 7--Milton Williams, Esq., Solicitor of the Chat-tahoocbee Circuit. August 8--Mrs. Mary Ann Terry, wife of G. B. Terry. August 22--Adaline Blackmar, infant daug-hter of James D r and Eliza A, Johnson. August 24--Edward W. Williams, formerly of Savannah. August 28--Caraillus T. Moise, aged 37 years. August 31 --James Hugh, son of Or. B. Terry. Nov. 9--Joseph A., son of Hon. J. S. Sturgis.
The Board of Health reported the total number of deaths during the year 1844, 75, of whom 21 were men, 16 boys, 14 women, 11 girls, 13 criildren, and 6 unknown. The diseases most fatal -were fevers, of which 11 died, of consumption 10, and of bowel complaints 10. All these deaths were those of white persons.

CITY ELECTIONS) 1875.

155

1845.

Manufacturing Enterprise Increasing---- Contemplated Railroad Connections-- Trouble About the Bridge-- The Cemetery Enlarged, dec.

The municipal election on the first Saturday in January, .

for Mayor and'Aldermen, resulted as.follows:

, Mayor, John. G. Winter; Aldermen, First "Ward--W. S.

Holstead, J. J. McKendree; Second Ward--Dr. M. Woodruff

and B. F. Malone; Third Ward--R. N. R. Bradwell, H. G.

Anderson ; Fourth Ward--A. K. Ayer, Jas. Everett ; Fifth

\V"ard--Wm. B. Robinson, J. L. Morton ; Sixth Ward--A.

G. Marshall and Jas. Green. Dr. Hoxey ran against Winter.

The election was by wards.

..

.Council met on Monday, the 6th of January, and chose the

following city officers, with the salaries annexed: William

Brooks, Marshal, salary $500; Neil G. Smith, Deputy Mar

shal, salary $500 ; George W. Turrentine, Treasurer, $500;

Calvin Stratton, Clerk of Council, $350; W. W. Martin,

Bridge Keeper, $400 ; J. B. Hoxey, City Physician, $200 ;

W.-W. Tilly, Clerk of the Market, $150; Wiley Williams,

City Attorney; B. Ingram, Keeper of the Hospital; Jeremiah

Terry, Sexton ; Dr. Thos. Hoxey, President of the Board of

Health.

,The following gentlemen were elected Health officers, two

for each ward: Wm. Y. Barden, Robert H. Green ; John

Kyle, Dr. S. A. Billing; Dr. E. L. DeGraffenried, N. L. How

ard;. N, M. C. Bobinson, P. A. Clayton; W. W. Torry, Wil

liam Alley; Joseph Wiggins, John A. Norton. Afterwards

J. M. Wesson was elected in the place of Wm. Y. Barden,

resigned.

156

REPORT OF THE FINANCE COMMITTEE.

Five Port Wardens were elected, as follows: T. M. Ho-

gan, Wm. Barrow, F. G. Davis, John It. Young, and George

W. Martin.

The following gentlemen were elected Fire Wardens: J. C-

Ruse, John Condon, James S. Norman, George A. Peabody,

Lewis Livingston, B. F. Coleman.

^

The tax ordinance of this year imposed about the same

general rates of taxation as that of 1844.

The contract system for crossing the bridge by the year

was again adopted--no contract for less than $10.

In January, Council appointed Messrs. F. W. B. Spivey,

John T. Walker, and Wm. H. Alston, Appraisers, to assess

the value of the real estate of the city. They reported, on

the 4th of February, the whole valuation $1,192,295, being

somewhat less than the previous year's assessment.

The Committee on Police appointed the following City

Guard for the year, to be paid each $15 per month: T. A.

Bosworth, Silas MuMichael, T. W. Pickson,

The Committee on Finance reported in January that the

city would have to pay during the year $3,600 to John G.

Winter, $9,000 to the State, and $333 to Patrick Adams,

besides about $1,000 of accounts for last year and the cur

rent expenses of the city for the present year. By arrange

ment, Messrs. Mustian and Mott had agreed, in consideration

of the passage of the bridge by their line of stages, to hold

over until the end of the year, without interest, $3,200 of the

city's certificates of deposit held by them.

The above report was referred to the Committee on Ways

and Means, and this Committee reported the entire indebted

ness of the city about $63,750, of which amount $4,791 was

then due, and $10,171 23 would fall due during the year--

making in all $14,961 90 for the year to be provided for, be

sides $7,500 estimated current expenses. They estimated

the income at $17,637 90--leaving $4,824 to be provided for,

besides a small amount of city bonds, certificates, &c., that

might have to be redeemed.

HOU'Sil, KTG.

iOi

Besides a considerable amount of the city's bills still in circulation, a large quantity of "shinplasters" issued by other corporations and by individuals were afloat. We copy from the Enquirer the following quotations for March of this irre deemable currency :
Bank of Columbus bills 70 per cent, discount; Phcenix Bank, of Columbus, no sale; Irwinton Bridge, 25 per cent. discount; Insurance Bank, of Columbus, no circulation; Chattahooch.ee Railroad and Banking Company, broke ; City Council of Columbus, 10 per cent, discount; Scott & Carhart's shinplasters, at par; E. & K. Graves' shinplasters, 10 per cent, discount; Sight Checks on New York and Boston, \ per cent, premium.
Columbus had the following fire-proof warehouses: H. S. Smith & Co.'s, capacity 14,OCO bales ; J. C. & F. N. Ruse's, 15,000; Yonge, Garrard & Hooper's, 15,000. E. S. Green wood & Co. "were building a fire-proof warehouse with slate roof--capacity, 10,000 bales. Each warehouse opened west on a street that extended to the river.
A committee of Council reported in favor of the enlarge ment of the cemetery by the addition of 602 feet in length and 320 feet in width, and the enclosure of the whole under one new fence; also a sale of burying lots to defray the ex pense of this improvement. Whereupon Council appointed another committee to have a survey of the grounds made, and to carry out the plan and recommendations of the first committee, if it could be done without expense to the city.
In March, Alderman Everett, of the 4th Ward, resigned, and P. A. Clayton was elected in his stead.
Permission was given to the " Columbus Engine Company" to erect a fire engine house on the west side of Front street, at its junction with St. Clair street--where the engine house now stands. On the 19th of April Council appropriated
$200 towards building the house. We learn from a memorial presented to Council by Messrs.
John H, Howard and Josephus Echols, that their companys*

15S

TELEGKAPHIC COJSrifECTIOJS" WITH NEW YOSK.

cotton factory had in operation this year about 1,100 spindles and 20 looms. They also reported that their upper canal, when completed, "would supply water enough to propel 200,000 spindles. They asked a release from their obligation to construct the lower canal -within a specified time, and for absolute deeds to the water lots, which woiild enable them to effect sales of a portion of them and thus extend the man ufacturing business of the city. Council adopted a resolution agreeing to the requests contained in the memorial.
This action of Council appears to have met with opposition from the citizens. At a called meeting of Council ou the 21st April, the cleric was directed to publish a hand bill call ing a meeting of citizens to consider the memorial of Messrs. Howard and Bchols, on the following Friday evening; and at its regular meeting on the 26th of April, Council passed a resolution declaring that its former action was not intended to release Messrs. Howard and Echols from or modify any of the conditions respecting the dam and upper race, or any of the reservations of the city in the original contract, in regard to the fisheries, the right to take gravel, and the keeping of the dam and upper race in good repair forever.
In this connection the Enquirer states : "Col. Farrish Car ter, of Scottsboro', and Z>r. Baird, of Alabama, have pur chased large interests in factories here. They now have ] ,200 spindles at work; very soon they will have 3,500. They will proceed to erect additional buildings, and in twelve months will have from 10,000 to 15,000 spindles in operation.
By resolution, adopted on the 9th of June, the Marshal was instructed to have a ditch cut so as to turn the branch running through Randolph and Forsyth streets into the ditch baek of the city.
Under the head of "What Kext," the Times'of April 16th, refers to the project of Telegraphic connection with 2STew York, via ISfew Orleans and Mobile, as follows, the Telegraph having only been brought into practical use the year before (May 27j) by a line between Baltimore and Washington:

PREAMBLE AND RESOLUTIONS.

160

RAILROADS.

The committee appointed were Aldermen Marshall, MeICendree and Robinson.
On the 8th of October, Council passed a resolution instruct ing the bridge-keeper to collect tolls from all foot passengers across the bridge except from citizens of Muscogee comity; also a resolution appointing a committee of thre'e to make in quiries in regard to the lawfulness of constructing a bridge across the creek in Girard, and to confer with Col. Banks about building it on his land.
It appears in the proceedings of Council that the bridge over the creek in Girard was released from toll before, the close of the year, and that Berij. II. Baker, of "Russell county, Ala., was largely instrumental in effecting this adjustment.
On the 25th of October Council substantially reconsidered the above action.
A resolution was adopted in October, fixing the price of lots in the new burying ground at $5, that being the highest price bid.
Council adopted resolutions in October, appointing a com mittee of citizens to attend a convention in Macon of the stockholders of the Central Railroad, to see what could be done towards procuring an extension of thai road from. Macon to Columbus, or connecting with it at Barncsville.
The committee went to Macon, and had a conference with the Central Railroad officers. Columbus wanted connection . wifjh Macoii via Barriesvillc (the Macon. and "Western Rail road, then called the Monroe Railroad, was being extended to Atlanta.) The Central road, however, wanted a direct line to Columbus, L. O. Reynolds, surveyor of the Central, reported the distance between Barnesville and Columbus seventy-two miles, and between Macon and Columbus little less than one hundred. /The cost of both would be about the same--$1,000,000. The result was that President R. R. Cuyler and the Board advocated the lower line, and looked to a connection with the Montgomery road at Auburn, to which point it had been extended. The Board recommended to the

stockholders of the Central Railroad: To ask an amendment of the charter to extend the road to Columbus; to authorize a new subscription of $1,000,000 (one-fourth to be paid on subscribing) for that purpose. I-f that be not adopted, to in corporate a new company to build a road from the Central Railroad to Columbus by the lower route. If application be made by others for a charter from Barnesville to Columbus, no opposition or unfriendly feeling to be exhibited against it. If both charters be granted, an undemanding may be had by which one of the two projects may be carried on and the other abandoned. Subsequently the Legislature incorporated the Muscogee Railroad Company ; also, to change the name of the Mnuroe Railroad to Macon and Western, with power to extend a branch to Columbus.
There was some excitement on. the subject of small-pox in October and November. A Dr. McGroulrich, of Macon, had 'sent to Columbus, in the stage, a srnall-pox patient, stating-that hekuew his disease was only chicken-pox, but there "was evi dence to show that he had admitted that he kne\\* it to be a case of small-pox, and had sent oil' the patient to get rid of him. Council transmitted the evidence in the case to the au thorities of Macon.
A building had been selected in the Sixth Ward for the temporary reception of persons who had been exposed to small-pox, and this building was torn down by residents of the ward. Council instructed the Marshal to commence pros ecution against the parties who destroyed the building.
It does not appear that the disease obtained much foothold, but it occasioned much alarm, and led to the adoption of vigorous measures to prevent its spread. A circus company in the city was prohibited from performing because one of its members had the disease; measures "were taken, in co-opera tion with, the county authorities, to quarantine or remove all cases to the hospital, and provision was made for general vaccination.

The county census takers reported in December that they

had taken the census of the city of Columbus separately, and

made the following return ;

773d District--Free white persons, 1,963; slaves, 1,230;

free persons of color, 25. Total, 3,218.

668th District--Free white persons, 1,096; slaves, 521;

free persons of color, 31. Total, 1,648.

Aggregate population, 4,886 ; aggregate number of fami

lies, 597.

f

'*

The total ^population of Mnscogee county was 16,343.

We find mention of the following hotels in Columbus this

year: Oglethorpe. House, on the corner of Oglethorpe and

Randolph streets, Commodore Iliu'd, landlord; Mansion

House, on Broad street, above Bryan, Captain. Barrow, land

lord. ; City Hotel, corner of Broad and St. Clair streets, the

Messrs. Bass, landlords Kentucky House, on Oglethorpe

street, above the Oglcthorpe Hou.se, "Win, Perry, landlord;

Central Hotel, corner of Broad and Randolph streets, GK W,

Dillard, landlord.

The Enqiure.r of December reported, "the manufacturing

excitement is largely on the increase. Messrs. Howard,

Bridges, Carfer, Baird aud Jcter are pushing their improve

ments ahead. Messrs, Van .Leonard and others, arc also

erecting a factory a rnilc or two above our city. ^Messrs.

Clapp, Chandler and Stewart are successfully and most profit

ably employed in manufacturing several descriptions of co-

ton goods. We have heard of other companies formed or to

be formed."

On Friday, 19th of December, about midnight, a fire broke

out in Mitchell & BaugVs store on Broad street, one door

below Banks' corner and opposite Lyceum Hall, and in a few

hours the entire square, bounded by Broad, Randolph, Ogle-

thorpe and Bryan streets (except that small portion above

Mr. Well's refectory on Oglethorpe) was converted into a heap

of ruins. Loss $150,000. The Oglethorpe and other houses

were on fire, but were put out. Water was scarce. The Co-

RAILROADS.

163

Iambus Guards guarded the properly. The ox'igin. of the fire was unknown. The Columbus Times office was burned, but enough material saved to go on. The Enquirer building, op posite the sqnare, AY as threatened, and office moved. "What was known as the "granite block," valued at $18,000, ou Oglethorpe street, belonging to D. McDoagald, was burned. Most of the houses on the block were of brick. Banks and Winter lost heavily. The block iras then one of the busiest in the city. Dr. H. A. Ware's residence was saved.
Mr. Josiah Pranglin, an aolive and valuable member of the .Fire Company, had a wall to fall on him and break both his thighs and otherwise injure him. He got well.
Among the boats miming this wmtei' were the Columbus, Notion, Lotus, Boston, Apalachicola, Augusta, Peytona and Emily.
The Tir,ivs of the 8th January publishes a letter from Pres ident Polk regretting he cannot take Columbus in his route to Washington City, and receive the hospitalities of the De mocracy tendered him through a committee of the party, consisting' of Messrs. Jacob M. Guerrj^, Walter T. Colqultt, and Seaborn Jones.
Columbus seems this year to have had much trouble with the money eurrencv then used, and the jr lirfj&$ has a strong editorial on the "Uselessne.ss and viciousness" of the "Shinplaster System," and asks the question, "When are we to be delivered from a shinplaster currency?" Some of the mer chants were refusing to take the "shinplasters.' 1
Montgomery was now pushing her railroad towards West . Point. Tlie following report of altitudes, &c., made by M. . A. A. Dexter, chief engineer, may be of interest now ; "You will perceive that Montgomery and Columbus are on the same level. West Point is 4 i.-'0 feet above either point. The Montgomery Railroad has 1,000 feet absolute elevation each way to the summit. A road to Columbus would, have Vut, some 600, and possibly loss. This saving of 400 feet or more in elevation "would effect an enormous aggregate in fayor of the Columbus branch in a year's rnnjung."

164

INCIDENTS.

Cotton took a wide range in prices this year. It opened in January at 2 to 4^c., principal sales at S to 3^c. The first bale of the-new crop was brought in on the 5th of August, by Thos. Gilbert, of Stewart county, and sold to Mr. LeGrand Wright at 8^c. The market for the new commercial year opened in September at 6| to 7c., and drooped to 5|- to 6Jo in November. The closing quotations, December 16th, were 5J to 6Jc. The receipts of the year CD ding" August 31st were about- 85,000 "bales, an estimated falling off of about 30,000 from the preceding year's receipts.
IN'CIDKTSTTS.
A new Presbyterian Church--the building now used for the Male Public School--was dedicated on the 25th of Jan uary. Rev. Dr. Groulding officiated.
John C. Tozier, of Columbus, on March 18th, was killed by falling out of the stage from Macon. ."Both wheels passed over him.
A Board of Trade was organized in Columbus on the 3d of July, with. H.enry King, chairman, and C. E. Mims, secretary.
Kev. Thomas Jepson, of the M. K. Church, was thrown from his horse on August 12th, nine miles north of Columbus, and died four hours after. His age was 40 years-
The mail ana travel connections of Columbus, as late ns this year, were all made by stages and boats. Messrs. Mustian & Mott ran a line of stages connecting the Central with, the Montgomery and "West Point Hailroad. The point of connection on the last named road was Chehaw at this time. ' The Northern mail for Columbus came by stage from LaGrange.
The steamer Siren, Captain Sharpless, plying between Chattahoochee and Apalachicola Bay, burst one of her boilers, Feb. 26th, as the boat was rounding out from Toney's Land ing, and killed six whites and four blacks, among; the former a son of Mrs. Tilley, of Columbus. The killed, with the ex ception of one of the blacks, were a part of the crew.
The steamboat Lowell, Captain Moore, was snagged and

PERSONAL.

165

sunk on March 4th, a few miles below* Kort Gains, on the Cliattahoochee river, at a place called "the Cowpen." The principal part of her cargo and machinery "was saved. The boat was represented as not worth raising if it were prac ticable.
The steamer Viola, Captain Van Vechten, 'was snagged and sunk in the Flint river, a few miles below Albany, about the same time. She was represented as a total wreck and about one-half of her cargo--1,030 bales of cotton--a total loss. Cap tain V. owned half of the "Siren," which had blown up a few weeks before.
The Steamer Charleston, Captain Freeman, collapsed one of her boilers, while crossing Uchee Shoals, sixteen miles below Columbus, on the 3d of May. fortunately only one person, a negro man, was injured., and he only slightly scalded.
On Saturday, June 21st, the Columbus Guards started on a visit to LaGrange. The brass bancl numbered sixteen pieces, .taught by Sergt. Berneriter, leader of the United States band at Fort Moultrie. They returned via the White Sulphur Springs, where they were given a ball. The company num bered sixty men. Officers--P. T. Schley, Captain ; Jno. K. Davis, 1st Lieutenant; 1C. R. Groulding, 2d Lieutenant ; John Forsyth, 3d Lieutenant. Thev paraded in Columbus July 4th. Hon. M. J. "Wellborn, an honorary member, delivered an oration , and D, Chandler Holt, a member, read the Decla ration of Independence.
PEB.SOJSTAL. The following county officers were elected ou the 6th" of January: Justices of the Inferior Court, Kenneth McKenzie, John M. Bethune, N. L. Howard, G. W. Ross, and Josephus Echols; Tax Collector, Jacob W- Frost; Tax Receiver, J. C. W. Rogers. ' Of the Columbus Methodist Episcopal District, Rev. T. Samforcl was appointed presiding elder, and^ Rev. J. FL Flvans to be pastor at Columbus Sam'1 W. Florirnoy retired- from the editorial chair of the Enquirer, and was succeeded by Col. J. S. Calhoun.

"1 OfiO fl

-

pMtTJ'iRtCb'(OJJTNsr-AATlj.

Mr. Wm. L. Jeter, who had been connected with the

Times sold his interest in that paper to Mr. Marcus Johnston,

formerly editor of the Macoii Democrat. It is announced in

the issue of April 23d,

The Enquirer of May 21st is in mourning for the death of

Dr. W. B. Ector, late proprietor and editor of the paper.

The Superior Court, Judge Sturgis presiding, met in Co

lumbus. Grand Jurors were : W. P. Yongc, foreman ; W.

E. Jones, Geo. W. Jones, S. F. Grimes, Wm. Amos, John

Hunter, G. Harris, J. J. MclCendree, P. Hazzleton, E. Barnard,

H. Crew, P. D. Redding, W. J. Rylander, W. A. Bedell, W.

' H. Kirnbrough, J. B. Hill, John Smith, W. A. Douglas, W.

B. Roquemore, E. C. Bandy, D. McDougald, W. P. Malone,

R. H. Greene. Lawyers present were Hon. Seaborn Jones,

H. L, Benning, Hines Holt, R. B. Alexander, James Johnson,

Wiley Williams, Judge Cone, A. Cooper, Thad. Sturgis, N.

L. Howard, Alex. McDougald, Gen. Bethnne, John Schley,

Gen. Bailey, J. M. Gnerry, A. J. R. Boudre, B. Goulding, C..

J. Williams, A. Iverson, Porter Ingram, T. F. Foster, John

Forsyth, W. C. Holt, J, Echols, A. S, Foster, J. L. Stephens,

C. S, Rockwell.

"-

John Forsyth was appointed Postmaster of Columbus vice

G. W. E. Bedell, and took the office in July.

The following were graduates of the Slade Female Institute.

They read compositions on Thursday, July 10th, in the Bap

tist Church : Miss Lucy A. Pitts, subject--Benevolence ,- Miss

Catharine L. Turrentine--Turn Over a New Leaf; Miss So

phia H. Shorter--Wisdom and Knowledge ; Miss Cornelia

M. Phelps--Contemplation ; Miss Amancla C. Jernigan--Diffi

culty of Originating a Thing ; Miss Mary E. Rose--He La

bors in Vain Who Strives to Please All; Miss Lucy A. Bar-

nefrt--When I Leave School; Miss Mary E. Key--death of

h.er mother prevented her attendance. Col. Weeden was

musical instructor. L. T. Downing, Esq., delivered the

address.

Capt, jr-i, A. Bailey, having resigned the Captaincy of the

PERSONAL.

167

Columbus Guards, Captain P. T. Schley, was elected in bis stead early in February.
In October, James S. Calhoun was elected Senator, and John L. Mustian and N. L. Howard, Representatives of Muscogee county--all Whigs.
Alien "Lawhon, Intendant of the town of Columbus in 1832 and 1833, was a native of North Carolina. He removed from that State first to one of the eastern counties of Georgia, and thence to Columbus in 1830. He was a lawyer by profes sion, and was a man of energy and public spirit, making many friends by his intelligent interest in all matters of local improvement. He removed from Columbus to Cherokee Georgia in 1840, and there engaged in prospecting and min ing for gold. He died about the year 1858.
John Fontaine, first Mayor of the city of Columbus, -was one of its earliest settlers-. He was one of its best and most extensive business men--a man of large mercantile and plant ing interests, also prominently connected with its manufac turing enterprises. He was noted for conscientiousness and uprightness in all his dealings. During the late civil war he was distinguished for his charities and his efforts to keep down the rise of prices that so seriously injured the cause of the Confederacy. He died on the 4th of November, 1866, in the 76th year of his age.
Gen. Daniel McDougald was a native of North Carolina. He removed to "Washington, county, Ga., when only eighteen years of age, and thence to Western Georgia. Before settling in Columbus he represented Harris county in the Senate of Georgia. He was for many years a Major General of the militia of Georgia. Removing to Columbus, his fine abili ties and popular manners made him at once a favorite of the people. He was, as is shown in preceding pages, several times elected to represent Muscogee county in the .Legislature, of which body he was one of the shrewdest and most influen tial members. He was a man of generous and impulsive dis position, of enlarged charity and patriotic public spirit. Few

168

MARRIAGES.

men had warmer or more devoted friends, though he had also
some enemies, chiefly because of his activity and zeal as a
politician. He was an excellent judge of human character,
and seldom made mistakes in his estimates of men. He died
on the 8tli of September, 1849, in the 51st year of his age.
MA K:K I'Ao-KS.
January 2-- Kenhrn X. Powell and Mary Ann Hail. Jan. 3,'Wil liam Morris and J_,ydia, Fuller. Jan. 9, Geo. Washington and Mary A. McCam, UIe,hard Holmes and Kli/tibfth Coclmm. Jan. 16, Jere miah A. Thompson and Catharine K- Thompson. Jan. 1!*, Henry B. Clem and Martha A. IT. McMurrain. Jan. 24, Geo. \V. Halhnan and Eliza E. Green. Jan. 26, John Ellis and Harriet Miller. Jan. 28, James M. Waddt'll and Rachel A. Jemisoii. Jan. 30, Alfred S^eet .and Susan MeMichael.
February 5---John K- Billups and Clara -Boylvin. Fob. 6, James PaUllo and Susan Holmes. Feb. 10, "Henry C. Bradley and Mary Jane Turner. .Fell. 13, "William. M. I-.yle and Mary A, E. F. Rogers. Feb. 16. Archibald C. Trilt and Friinces II. FanlUenbury. Feb. 22, -Gideon Saul and Elizabeth Sharp.
ilorch 6--H.oberU II. "Rogers and Elizabeth Ann Thomas. March 13, James "Witt and >tary Ann JMcOauiel. March 16, Bradford Peddy nml Mai-y Face.
April I--)--Henry Jones and Elizabeth Bagley. April 16, Win." H. Mann and .Eliza Perry. April 37, ~Wm. ~R. Albritton and Zilpliia Ann Klnp;, Luiiaforil II. I.">e,;m and Mary Austin.
May IS---Absalom Eiland and Elizn.beth PJICC. May 15, Samuel B. Ua.rv(.-l a.nd Martini Ann S. Xix. May 17, Franklin Tnnter and Jjoujsa Magiiei:. May 2S, Jolm M. McMurren and Mary Ami Motley. June 29, Forbes liradley and Theresa A: M. Clark.
June 1--Elijah Shnpson and Martha Ilearn. June 10, William Alien and Mary Cooper. June 12, Rut'us Sharp and Malissa Cannon. Jane 1-5, Martin, ilconey an.d Rachel Cauley. June 19, Sandford ~Wamac!< and Frances M. Hanks. June 30, Stephen G. "Wells and Ann. Perry man.
July 23--Marcus Do T.aFayette Sanders and Frances Ann Spigers. July 24, Frederick Shaefer and Massino Groinbeck. July 20, Wm. "Walung and Isabella Rogers. July 30, George W. Martin, Jr., and Savannah Jane Forsyth, Reuben Bailey and Eliza Ulann.
August 2 - Ililler.y H. ISTasli and IThoda "VYiLson, AngusL 7, Jolm Thoriiton a:id laicinda Ellis. August 3-t, Rjuidolph B. Moore and Martha I,. ForsyS.1i, Jolm ~W. Barrow and Lucy Ann. Jones. August 19, Ab. r><>;m and Sarah M. Gleam.
bejiiember 2--Jam.es L. Parks and Sophia Parks. Sept, 11, James

DEATHS.

169

Heeler and Catharine M-. Williams. Sept. 14, Joseph 1ST. K". Ilearn and .Eli'/,a,beth Ami Stanford. Sept. 18, Jno. ^ST. .Bavuett and Lucy A. Pitts, Robert Greet- and Lncinda M. Booth. Sept. 2?., Jesse JYIooro and Martha Alford, Sept. 28, Elijah G. Kaiforrt and Elizabeth 1>. iluuroe. Sept. 20, Jaraos Si mm on s and Frances J. Taylur. ' October 2--Janic'g M. Parkman and Bethany C. Brynn. Oct. 3, Calvin "Bland and Lncinda Morgan. Oct. 5, Jos. .Robinson and M'arthaJJrown. Oct. 11, James E. Weaver and ICiizalielJi Jane Mamu Oct. 14, James Morga.n and Susan Cartledge. Oct. 18, Peonard K. Eowe and Mary Ann Champion. Oct. 23 7 James; jVt. Smith and Sarah Cannon. Oct. 2-5, Willis M. Reeves and Elizabeth ..V. Hnasey.
Novemher 2--Sidney A. Smith and Retxjccu Fliini. Nov. (>, Ilirara L. Cautran and Snsan Bervien Moss. Nov. 20, Felix llity and Jane Sauls, Geo T. Alien and Eliza tJ. Fergerson. Nov. 21, David Boswell and Milly A. Bnstin. Nov. 23, Morgan McGowiui and .Emily J">ardcn. ^Nov. 27, Jeremiah Peddy, Jr., and Mary Ann ITrasicr, Wm, W.. Gleini and Nancy Boycl.
Deceifther 2--J^dwavd II. Tlanse and Amanda Williams, Benjamin Aycoete and.Eliza Ann Witt. Den. 4, L. T. Prince and Mary P. NcGill. Dec. V, John A. Macon and Elizabeth J. Morris. 'Dec. 14, Reuben Millsaps and Mary McGovern, John MeGoveni and Mary Ann I>elk. Dec. 17, Jacob W. "Frost and Martha Aiui Lo^vin. Dec. 25, Jolm G. iSmitd and Charlotte Evans, Edmund Roland and A.1cy "Willhtins. Dec. 28, Charles B. Frederick and Sarah /Inn Terry, Asa. T. Berry find Martha Ann .Morgan. Dec. 31, Jarnea >'. Durr tu.nl Martha Mizell, Williamyoii Rogers and -Mnrial Caroline Adams.
DEATHS.
Febrna.ry 27--Mary Frances, infant daughter of F. ^ST. lixise. March 2--Mrs. Martha Angelina, wife of Dr. A. M. Walker. April 5--Miss Amelia, daughter of Dr. Jamey B. Blade, of New Orleans. She died in Columbus. April 5--In Girard, Pleasant G. Clay. April 17--Mrs. Ann Elizabeth, wife of Alex. II. Cooper, Esq. May 16--Dr. Wiley B.Ector. May 22--Mrs. Mary A. Thomas, wife of Grigpb-y F. Thomas Esq. JuneS--Miss Antoinette P^osseau. June 27--In Girard, James Alien, infant son of Wm. 33. Martin. July 27--TSTear Columbus, Dr. E. jST. C. Leonard. July 21--Samuel Albert, infant son oC Dr. S. A. Billing. Sept. V)--Alary Harriet, infant danshter oC Col. Ilines Holt. Sept. 1.8--Mrs. S. II., wife of Dr. H. C. Phelps, of Colnmlms. Sept. 28--Mary Cla.i.idia, infant daughter of J. E. and C. ~R. Webster. jSrov. 4--John Thomas, infant sou of II, F, Williams,

INDEX.
1827.
A Trading Town, :. ; Ccmnussirmei-a app^i'ited to lay it out, (> ; The appsarM.nee of (,ho pj.xipOh7.ijd t.at, 0: ILoeaiion of houses prior to sale of lots, <I; Spiings and sc-r-ncry rtl^tiy: the ri >/<.:) btmks, 7; Appoarnruis of the. river, 7; Indirms fUhinfj;, 7; Tudiau te.-".:itovy, 8; ALL old wrlUn-'K description of tlie locality. 8 ; Natimil ad^anlag<>s, ; Extent of the wagon and riv.cr trade, 8; The i'utwve prospeets of Colrmibus, iv.
1828.
Interest abroad in inference to Oolnmbus, 0; CompLiiut ag;iiijst tardy action of Oom.miS;;io.noT=!, 10; Population early in Hie .yonr, 1(1; I.ndifins, 10; The fjft,yi(ircr esitft'slir-jliocl, !<_> : Advantafre^ of tlic place for new com. jrt>, 11 ; Kivor ii-apvo-.-cn-Jt-iif- ?nd Htfite Engiiteoi/f, report, 1 1 ; Fi>,st sale of lots, 1-'; Improveiacut^, li1 : Popula.tioii fit the <.'.iosc of yoar, 1;!; Piv^iperson. Inm^d in Cemetery, ] ?, Fourth eTn]y celebration, .l.'i; 7:nirrit niamifactnriiig estabJishmeiLt, 13 : First steamboat, 14- HS->tels, 1".; Presidential vole, 15; The firrit balo motion Hold, 1-"> ; C'ourt and r^omity offi'jerri and grand jurors, 15; Com-iiy sriiiiitor ro-icl repreai^iLativc, l/> ; M. B. Tjamar, 1(5; Walter T. Colquit, ;l(>; Mavrifiges and deaths, Hi; Jiusincsn Uid pi-ofeEif-:ional ineji, 10, 17; Quotations of mercliaudiao, 17.
1829.
Town incorporated and election of towti officials, 17; Election of covnty offi cers, 17; Town fifib.cries, J.8 ; First ordimmce of the municipal govrniment,* IK: Xorthern find southern nuii], IK; Rp.ruaiTimg towti lotw f.olcl, 18; Cer tain named streets to be cleared, IS: Improvements of Cplumbns, 18, 19; Apprehension, of Iiidia!.i troubles, 10 ; Hoad laid out from DecatM* to OolumbuH, 1<J ; First bunk organised, I'.) ; Steamboat arrivals during year, 19 MT. E, Avery drowned, li>; 'Great rise of the Chattrdioocheo, 2(\ W. A. Spfilding drowned, 20 Temperanc,e society organized, ao ; County senator and representative elected, 20 : First load of new cotton, 20 ; Jurisdiction of Snpfrior Court, 20; Town tax, ^1 ; Mi!iii?a-y comp*mies, 21; Fou r-th July eolebj.'.ition, 21 ; JlarriagoH and deaths, '.'-'L Names of buyineso and profes sional num, 2!..

clxxi
Continued improvement, 22; Population, 22; Early difficulties of steamboat navigation, 22, 23 ; Removal of Indians agitated, 23 ; The first fire, 2." ; De bating society, 23 ; Municipal election, 23 ; Now paper, 23 ; Controversy withU. S. army officer, 28; Discovery of gold, 23; Fourth July aitd. Ma sonic celebrations, 24; County senator and representative, 24; First steam boat arrival of the winter, 24 ; County officers find grand -jurors, 25 ; Julius
1831.
chnroli dedicated, 28 ; Local causes of sickness, 28 ; Wail routes, 2S, 29 ; Names of .steamboats, .to., 29; Muscogec Bible Society, 21); Fourth July celebration, 29 ; Columbus Volunteers organized, 29; Cotton, ,-50; County seu&tov and-representative, 30; Personals, SO j Quotation*, 30; Merchants, &e., SO, 31 : Marriages and deaths, ,-M.
Fivat briJgc across Cbaf.tahoochoe, 32; Muirloipal officers, 32; Duel between Gen. S. Woolfolk and Maj. J. T. Camp, 32, 33; lOOtli annivc-rsary of Washington's bivtli-dtiy, 33 ; Congress donates bind for bridge abidmont in Alabama, 33; Purohase of Marshtiilviile COinird), 31.; K.iport ti.Vido, 31-; Fmaiitiiid condition of banks, ;!,"> : General prosjx-rity, ;-5r. ; "Lpgi;j!ntive enact-
celebration, 3(i ; Pc-mnle Academy and other schools, ?,(\ OdoL->ra alarm, 3C ; Presitlential elecliou, ;-!(>; Cotton, 3u, 37; Persoii^lK, 37; Spring and fall grand jurors, 37 ; Coimly-offieers, 87 ; Marriages and deaths, 38; Busi ness and professional men, 33.
1833. Steady bnsinesH yaar, 3f> ; High political excitement, 39; Municipal officers,
30; Inferior Court judges, 00 ; Dread of cholera, 39,40; Maj. Camp killed by Col. Mil ton, 40, 41 ; Imli'in territory, 41 ; Russoll (jounty formed, 41 ; Market house burned, 41 ; Steamboat Georgia sunk, 42 ; Cotton and other quotations, 42; Sara'1 11. Andrews, 42; Dr. S. M. Inger.soll, 42 ; Seaborn Joues, 42, 43 ; John Godwin, 43 ; Sol Smith, 44 ; Personal notices, 44, 45 ; Marriages and deaths, 45.
1834. Town of Girard (Marshall's Reserve) laid out, 45, 4Cy The bridge question,
46, 47 ; Number of steamboats, 47 ; Bank of Chattahoochee suspends, 47 ; Episcopal association formed, 47; Business lively, 48; Steamer Columbus,

Mills, -i-9 : Steamboat Van JJuren sunk, 49 : Mayor's court repealed, 49; State Itiglits Auxiliary Association, 50; Marriages and deaths, 50, 51; .Business men, 5.1.
1835.
Municipal election, ."I ; Indian troublesincreasing--many opposed to moving, ilev. Mr. Bavis shot, and a child butchered "by Indians, 52 ; Meeting of citizens and proceedings of their action, 52, 53, 51-; Columbus Guards mustered U. B. service, and -i-oll of company, 5-1, 55; Steamboats Kloisa and VersaiJles burned, 55; Southern l>lantei; 55; Severe winter, 55; Proposal* to build Episcopal Church, 55; Pigeon Boost Mining Co., 55, r,i', - Tlio great vaci-r, John Bascoinb, 5C ; Cotton, 5(J ; PersoiiaJ notices, 5(i ; MiirriageH, 5ii ; Merchants, 57. 1836.
Itomovnl or portion of Indians, 57; Indian hostilities commenced, battle of HHnhifcy, names of killed, 58; Excitement in Coliiiubus, 58,59: Military complies iomifd, 59 ; Indians sullen mid in arms, r>9 ; Major Floi.moy killed. 5<) ; People nocking to Cokmibua, GO: Confusion and dismuy, Gu Steamer liypevion attacked, and p'lot kiilcd, (JO ; How news \va.s recoivod,
time, <>''>, *M'; G-eii. SeoLt, G-t ; NVmien of Georgia companies arrived, t>5; Attack on nteamei' Mttamova, 05, GO, 07 ; Gov. Sebloy's coin-He, 07 ; Jim liciivy, T, G8 -, Object oi: tile Iiidiuus, tiri ; AcccmlitH from tlie Indi.m^, CV), 70; Hotly eotttLKtod engagement--names of killed and wounded, 70, 71: G-ciicrals Scott and Jessnp^ phm, 71, !"> Large numbers of Indians eaptuix.l ov surrendered, 71i ; Jim Henry, 7*2, 7:i ; Fight at Quarles' plantaLion, T;J. 74; Msc<;po of fiidians, 74. 75 ; Oincial account, 75, 7'i ; Columbus niadu a city-- first mayor ajid city officials, 70 ; A city wateh, 70 : Saudi-pox, 77 ; LeaHJng the commons, 77; Fisheries, ' 77, 78; Cotton, 78, 7:> ; i'aruiura bank, <s ; Stoamer OhJofiu liLirned, 78 ; Indians hung, 78, 79 ; G-h'ard lots sold, 79; county senator and repi-eseiitativet;, 79; Judge Shorter, 70; Ivlotliodiat Conference, 70; List of licenses, 7!), 80.
street, 85 ; Cha( fcalioochce Kailroad and Banking Co., 85 ; City's subscrip tion and Action tbereon, 85, KO ; Incidents, 80, 87 ; County officers elected, SV: Jim Henry, 87; Business and professional men, 87, 88; Marriages and deaths, 88.

1888.

clxxiii

ill tlio history of ColumlmB, XI: Oily
102; i 102; OLatbiLoochee P, u,k, 11.2: Cotton. 103:
. in:',: M.,i-r;ngi ,m,l dentils. J.OS, 1,14,
1.840.
City i.mcB ijjao.OOO, 108 ; .Difficulty nbout. bridge with HiiKsdI ooa.uy, llte ; Cotton, I OS : Cotton cat.tipillr.T, HIS, 10!) ; Ne Court. House ac:<.,pttd, mil ;
W, Ihl; Pi.por ill Uirard, Kill: Stjiinifv L:,Soy blown up, HO;

1842.
Tie for Mayor, 124 ; City officers elected, 124 ; City guard--Board of Health,, 124; Taxes levied, 125 ; Improving public' square, 125 ; Destructive fire and list of sufferers, 125, 120 ; Unsuccessful effort to procure fire engines,. 12(1, 127; Mayor authorized fco negotiate a loan, 127; Remaining water lots offered for aale, 128; Feeling in favor of Texas. 128; Museogee Blues and Columbus Guards, 12H ; Board of Trade, 129 ; Debt of Muscogee coun ty, 12!); Cotton, 129; County election, 120, 130; Grand jurors, spring and fall t-jrm.s, 12!*, 130; Merchants and other names, 130, 131; Marriages an% deaths, 131, 132, 133 ; Number of deaths, 133.
1843. '
Municipal election, 133, 134 ; City officers' salaries reduced, 134 ; Killing of Col. liepburn by Gen. McPougald, 134 ; Guard duty, 134, 135 ; Banks and aguiLcius, 135; Lease, of south, commons, li-45; Hook and Ladder company -- roll of members, 135, 136; Kobbery of the Western Insurance and Trust Co., 13(1, 137; Sale of remaining water lots, 138; City's indebtedness, 131); Loan of 30,000, 139; Deaths, 13D ; Names of steamers and boxes, 130; Cotton, 13i), 340, 141; Incidents, 14O; Knyuwrer, 141; County senator and representatives, 141 ; St. Andrew's Society, lil ; Marriages and deaths, 142, 143, 144, 145.
1844.
Hotivy cotton receipts, 145; Municipal government and salaries, 145, 146; Health officers and fire wardens, 146 ; First fire engine company/ I4G, 147 ; City taxes, 147 ; Valuation of real estate, 147; Effort to supply city with water, 147, 148; Petition for lots for un asylum, 148; Sewurs, 14-S ; Num ber of business arid industrial establishments, 148, 141? ; Near a H irrison freshet, l.J-i) ; H>nr-y Clay's visit, L4H, 150; Phoenix B.mk ol Columbus,
150; Couuiibus Lodge I. O. O, F., 150, 151; Fourth. July celebration, 151; The Methodist Church, and Bishop Andrews, 151 ; County election, 151 ; Schools, 1 51, 152 ; Ti/i^cs, 1 52 ; Jjjim on table occurrences, 153 ; Marriages and deaths, 152, 153, 154.
'1845.
Municipal election and salaries, 155; Health officers, 155; Port and fire wardons, 15G; Appraisement of real estate, 156 ; Financial condition of city, 1.56 ; Quotations of currency, 157; Fire-proof warehouses, 157; Enlargement of cemetery, 157; Appropriation for fire engine house, 157; Extent of cotton jnaiiufactivring, 1S8 ; Meeting of citizens in reference to water lot contract with Messrs. Howard and Echoltf, 158; Bridge troubles with Girard, 150, ICO; Railroad projects eastward, lt!0, 1G1 ; Small-pox excitement, 101; Muscogee census, 1G2; City census, 102; Hotels, KJ2; Manufacturing feel ing, -KJ2; Destructi-ve fire, 1(12, 163; Steamboats, currency, M. & W. P. 11. R., 103; Cotton, Ki4; Incidents, 164, 1C5 ; County officers, 1G5 ; Enquirer, 165; Times, grand jurors, graduates of Slade's Institute, 16(J; County senaator and representatives, ltJ7; Alien Lawhon, KJ7; John Fontaiue, 167; Gen. D. McDougald, 167; Marriages and deaths, 168, 1G9,

Columbus, Geo.,
FROM ITS
Selection as a "Trading Town"
IN
is 2 r,
TO ITS
Partial Destruction by Wilson's Raid,
IN
18 GS.
HISTORY--INCIDENT--PERSONALITY.
PART II--1846 TO 1865.
COMPILED BY~JOHNlilfARTINT
COLUMBUS, GA.
PUBLISHED BY THOS. GULBKRT, PRINTBK AND BOOK-BINDER. 1875.

INDEX.
1846.
The Lower Bridge, page if; Orphan Asylum, G ; Organization of City Light Guards, 6 ; Columbus Military Companies which served in Mexico, 6 ; City election, 7 ; " The Great Fire," 'J, JO, 11 ; Incidents, 12 ; Personal, 13, 14, 15 ; Marriages, 15 ; Deaths, 1;~.
1847. Fires, IS, 19; Location of Muscogee
1848. Election and Salaries, 26, 27; Organization of Fii-e Co. No. 2, 27 ; City sub
scription to Muscogee lEailroad, 27, 26'; City census, c., 28, 29; Livery Stables burnt, 29 ; Cotton and grocery quotations, 30 ; incidents, personal, marriages and deaths, SO, 31, 32, 33.
1849.
City's Prospects, 34-; Election, 34, 35 ; Finances, 35 ; Fires, 35, 36 ; Columbus Factory, 36 ; Winter's Flouring (Palace) Mills, Temperance Hall, 36 ; Re ceipts of Cotton, 37; Incidents, personal, &c., 87, 38, 39, 40, 41.
1850. City election and salaries, 41, 12 ; Municipal taxes, 43; Mobile and Girard
Kailroad, 43; Incidents, personal, &c., 43, 44, 45, 46, 47.
1851.
Municipal election and city's finances, 4S ; Population, 49 ,- Water Works and estimates, 40 ; Subscription to Mobile and Girard Railroad, 49, 50 ; Flank Roads, 50; Incidents, personal, &c., 50 to 54.
1852.
1853.
City Officials, 63 ; Water Works question, 63, 6-1, 65 ; Status of Railroad Subscriptions, 65, 66; Incidents, personal, &c., 66 to 71.
1854. Change in city election, 71 ; A deputy sheriff killed, 72, 73 ; Opelika Branch
Railroad Depot, 73, 74 ; Additional subscriptions to Mobile and Girard. Railroad and Opelika Branch Railroad, 74 ; Visit of ex-President Fillmore, 74; Incidents, &c., 75 to 80.

1855. 1856.
The annual city election, 8G ; Assets and liaabilities of the city, 87 ; Up-tow bridge, 88; Incidents, &c., 88 to3 08.
1857.
City officials for the year, 118; Large mooting of citizens, 148; "Muscoec" and "Price Volunteers" and roll- of sums, 3-fO. 1T>0 ; Home Military Com pany, 150; Giivalry companies and regimental officers, 1/50; Columbus Rebels and roll of name. JL.M, l.->2 ; Mhmto Boys, I.-.2 ; Mounted Tartis .Rangers, 1^. 1,^,'i ; Warehouse biu-ii;., 1;^:;; Incidents, &c.. 153 to 15 r.

COLUMBUS, QA.
184=6.
The Bridge Troubles--Military--Organization of Regiment for Afeszican War---- u The Great FireTM
The dispute between the city authorities and the people of Russell county about the crossing of the bridge was renewed this year. Some citizens of Alabama erected a toll gate and demanded toll at the western abutment of the bridge. The City Council, on the 18th of March, passed an ordinaries requiring of every foot passenger in Russell county 6J cents for passing over the city bridge ; also, to charge citizens of said county for wood, lumber, or anything previously passed free; also requiring the said ordinance to remain in effect so long as tolls are demanded at the toll-gate erected at the abut ment of the bridge in the town of Girard, and that proper counsel be employed to use legal measures to have such tollgate removed.
On the 10th of July Council appointed a committee, com posed of John Banks, John K. Dawson and Kenneth McKenaie, to confer with a committee appointed by the Court of Roads and Revenue of Russell county, Alabama, in relation to the adjustment of the existing difficulties in regard to the bridge.
In September the Commissioners' Court of Russell county rescinded the order for establishing a toll-gate near the west-

6

ORGANIZATION CITY LIGHT GUARDS.

ern end of the bridge, in Girard. "Whereupon the City Council adopted a resolution authorizing the crossing of agricultural prod Lice, wood, &c., free of toll.
The Orphan Asylum (an institution undertaken by some of the ladies in 18-i4) was this year open for the reception of the orphan poor.
The City Light Guards were organized June 28tVi. The officers were, A. U. Cooper, Captain; D. P. ElKs, First Lieut.; A. G. Redd, Second ; S. K. Hodges', Third ; Wm. H. Pruden, First Sergeant ; F. C. Johnson, Second ; J. M. Hughes, Third; B. B. Kyle, Fourth; A. C. Brown, First Corporal; K. E. Hudgins, Second ; John "Wi liner, Third ; J. A. L. Lee, Fourth.
This was the first year of the war with Mexico, and Co lumbus shared largely in the excitement which it occasioned. The Governor of Georgia in response to a call by the Presi dent of the United States, invited the enrollment of volun teers, and Columbus was selected as the place of rendezvous of a regiment of infantry. The volunteers arrived about the middle of June, and were reviewed by Gov. Crawford. The officers of the regiment were H. E. Jackson, of Savannah, Colonel ; Thos. T. Hcdd, of Columbus, Lieut. Colonel ; Chas. J. Williams, of Columbus, Major ; John Forsyth, of Colum bus, Adjutant ; Jas. Kellogg, Colonel's Private Secretary ; S. M. McConncl, of Cherokee, Sergeant Major; J3. F. McDonald, of Marietta, Q. M. Sergeant ; Drs. J. J. B. Iloxey and W. E. Beall, of Columbus, Surgeon and Assistant; Rev. Mr. Cairnes, Chaplain.
Principal Musicians, Geo. Gatehouse and Dennis Holland, of Savannah.
The following ten companies composed the regiment : We give the Captain of each and the officers in full of the three Columbus companies: Columbus Guards, Columbus--John E. Pavis, Captain; John Forsyth, First Lieutenant; C. P. Hervey, Second; Eoswell Ellis, First Sergeant; Jos. King, Second ; W, C. Holt, Third ; W. C. Hedges, Fourth ; W. G.

?,.:.

THE CITY EtjKCTIOJN.

I

Andrews, First Corporal; V. IX Tharpe, Second ; Jas. Ham ilton, Third ; B. A. McGibony, Fourth.
Crawfcrd Guards, Columbus--John .Tones, Captain ; R. G. Mitchell, First I .acute riant; J. S. Dismukes, Second; T. Shoe maker, First Sergeant; II. S. Teasdalc, Second ; A. M. Sauls, Tliird; D. A, Winri, Fourth; John May, First Corporal; John Locliaby, Second James 15. WeJls, Third ; N. J. Peabody, Fourth.
Georgia Light Infantry, Columbus -- J. S. Calhoun, Cap tain; E. R. Goulding, First Lieutenant; H. C. Anderson, Sec ond ; W. B. Philips, First Sergeant; A. B. Hoxey, Second ; W. T. Smith, Third ; M, H. Blandibrd, Fourth ; K. II. How ard, First Corporal; A. Scott, Second ; Thos. Reynolds, Third; Geo. Tjiadsay, Fourth.
The other companies -were Canton Volunteers, Cherokee county; Richmond I31ues, Augusta: JVfacon Guards, Macon ; Famiin Avengers, Pike County ; .ICennesaw Rangers, Cobb county; Sum.tor County Volunteers; Jasper Greens, Savancah. Regiment numljered-893 men.
The regiment was presented with a United States Flag- by Miss Mary Ann Howard (the late Mrs. Ohas. J "Williams) TV hi oh was received \:>y Col. Jackson. The regiment left on Sunday, June 28th, crossed on the lower bridge, crowds of people looking on, and marched to Chehaw, and railroaded to Montgomery and were carried thence to Mexico, where they remained twelve months, but had no part in the many bat tles, but were engaged in several skirrniyhes. City Council gave $300 to Columbus Guards.
The city election, on the first Saturday in January, result ed in the choice of John G-. Winter as Mayor, without oppo sition, arid the following gentlemen as Aldermen : 1st "Ward, W. S. Holsloacl, J. C. Ruse; 2d Ward, Dr. M. Woodruff, Dr. S. A. Billing; 3rd "Ward, R. N". H. Bardwell; 4th Ward, John Quin ; 5th Ward, N. it. C. Robinson, J. L. Mortoii; 6th Ward, B. I\ Coleman, Jos. Wiggms. .Dr. Stewart in the 3rd'

8

HELP FOB THE POOR.

and J. H. Shorter in the 4th, "were the next highest candi dates in their respective Wards, "but as the law required a clear majority to elect, and the votes were divided among several candidates in each of these Wards, only one was chosen in each. Col. Winter received 498 votes, and no candi date receiving less than 400 was elected an Alderman. We compute the whole number of votes cast at about 620.
At a subsequent special election for Aldermen of the 3rd and 4th Wards, Dr. Stewart -was elected for the 3rd, and J. H. Shorter for the 4th.
The following officers were elected by the City Council: Wm. Brooks, Marshal; J. M. Hughes, Deputy Marshal; C. Stratton, Clerk; G. W. Turrentine, Treasurer; Richard Burt, Bridge Keeper; W. Tilly, Clerk of the Market; Mrs.' McGehee, Hospital Keeper.
From the Treasurer's report we learn that the receipts of. the city for the year 1845 were $24,'696, including cash on hand at the beginning of the year $1,956. The expenditures were $24,696, including $24 cash on hand. The revenue from the bridge was $9,717. The city debt at that time was $56,655, oJ* which $30,000 was due to John G. Winter on account of a loan.
The Enquirer of the 24th of January congratulated the city on the prospect of the construction of the Southwestern Railroad at an early day. It announced the opening of books of subscription at Macon, Columbus, and intermediate places.
Messrs. B. Beasly, F. Toby and M. N. Clark, who had been appointed to assess the cash valuation of the real estate in the city, reported in March that they made the total valuation $1,233,245, being $40,950 more than that of the previous year.
The city authorities this year manifested much concern for the proper care of the poor within its limits. Alderman Woodruff was active and zealous in this behalf. Council requested the Superior Court of Muscogee county to levy 10

THE GREAT1 FIRE.

9

per cent, upon the State tax upon persons and property in the city for the support of the poor. In April an ordinance was adopted providing for the election annually of a Board of Commissioners of the Poor, whose duty it should be to ascer tain the necessities of the poor and distribute the fund raised for their relief. Asa Pond, Wm. Amos, Lewis O. Alien, Theobold Howard and M. "Woodruff "were elected Com missioners.
The first Mayor's Court of the city was organized this year, under authority of an act of the Legislature, and a code of ordinances defining the offences coming within the juris diction of the Court was adopted.
The bridge tolls this year were appropriated exclusively to the payment of the debt due to the State of Georgia.
The most disastrous fire the city ever sustained occurred on the morning of October 9th, this year. The fire origina ted in the wood and blacksmith shops .of Marcus D. Jones, on Oglethorpe street, northwest of the court-house, and burnt the two blocks between St. Clair and Crawford and Ogle thorpe and Front streets except the Fontaine House, most of the two blocks south of these, and the flames thence went westward to the river. The fire was arrested one-half square below the bridge, and one square above the boat landing-. The loss in houses, goods, furniture, &c., was estimated at $250,000. The number of sufferers about 700--400 of whom were greatly injured. No loss of life. Mr. Mariner received a lick and fell from the second story of the City Hotel. The fire swept down the most of five squares, and a few houses of the sixth square. It consumed the livery stable of James Bradford & Co., and all the houses between that and Janny's foundry (the latter was saved). The shop on the corner north (where Muscogee Home now is) occupied by T. and E. Beid, gin makers, was consumed, also the large wooden building known as City Hotel, owned by D. McDougald (Georgia Home Bank building is now on the site). The wind

10

THE GBEAT FIHE.

blow briskly south went. The market-house, then at the in tersection of Broad and St. Clair .streets, caught and was consumed, and then the flames took down southward both sides of Broad street. On the east side were consun: the goods of Reuben Shorter; James Ligon, groceries and provisions; Losterget's do. ; Charles Kendall's do. ; T. Sanders' cabinet shop; Dr. Thos. Hoxey's shop and medi cines ; I. B. Hoxey's grocery; T. G. & J. 13. Strnpper's goods and residence ; Hamilton & Go's clothing and ?800 in cash; J. Kivlin's Sans Souei and residence, worth $15,000, insur ance So,000 ; John Ligon & Tiiley's grocery ; Shaeffer's gun shop; Thomas Treads-ell's residence ; Tu roan's grocery ; J. S. Norman's saddle shop and oi'ie story house; Dr. Young's office ; -Chas. Fuch's bakery; Phil. Reynolds and J. Rowe's bar-room; Melutosh .Row, occupied by Thcobold Howard and others, as residences; Uillingham's corner, owned by "Wells & Toby ; Henry Matthew's residence; Rev. W. D. Cairnes' building; W. P. Baker's and Mrs. Tichnor's resi dences and Miss Eilmundsori's school room. Here the fire on the. cast side of Broad was stopped. It had swept two squares south, consuming every house on the first from St. Clair street, except Jauny's foundry, the old theatre, a small grocery, and on the square south of Crav.iord everything except a few houses on the idc west of the court-house.
At the same time, the west side of Broad, south of Glair, was fired, and every house was consumed save the Foutaine residence. Win. P. Yonge's residence, west of this, was saved, owing to the direction of the wind. The fire passed Raukin's corner, (Broad and Crawford streets,) burnt the Democratic Liberty-Polo, consumed all of Battle Bow, , crossed over to the west side of Front street, and destroyed the residence of Mr. Bankin ; Yonge, Garrard & Hooper's warehouse being saved after a hard fight; burned John Whitesides' stables near the river, but Ms tav All that part of the square from Broad and Crawford, south to the bridge, was consumed, including several J

THE SUFFERERS.

11

up. The fire was arrested just one-half square below the bridge, and one square from the steamboat landing-.
-The principal sufferers on the west side of Broad street were': Hill, Dawson & Co. (saved goods,) building 5,000; D. W. On- & Co., clothing; Mrs. A. B. Davis, store-house, "bank building and residence; J. S. Smith & Co., clothing ; A. M. C'ox, grocer; G-eorge Hargraves, "building, $3,000 ; Luke .Reid, shoe and saddle store; Messrs. Peabody; A. Calhonn, grocer ; S. & F. "W. Sartwell, dry goods and groce ries ^10,000; J. K. Karris & Co., $5,000"; .E. Wells & Co., slioe store ; John. Code, tailor, 800 ; James Sullivan, grocer, 11,000,- L. J. Da vies, thy goods; Patillo's boarding house; Mrs. Davies, milliner, heavy loss; "William Rank in, store and goods, arid residence on Broad street, ^15,000 ; B. "Wells, sev eral stores ; "William Tarbuttoii, owner of old Columbus Hotel, (Jake Burrus' old corner;) William Tarbatton, $1,000 j Wiley Adams ; Dr. Thornton, two tenements; Gurin,-provi sions ; Mrs. B. Webster, two stores, $800 ; J. W. Campbell, "workshop ; 8. Iloffman, grocery and residence blown up, $800. On Bridge street--J. Code, residence; Dr. Rogan's house; N. TJ. Howard, two houses; John Quin and Joseph Waltoii, stores.
Ou Front--Residences of Mrs. Xi. J. Davies, Mrs. James A. Shorter; William Owens, Colonel Jones' biiilding, and all others down to a half square below the bridge on the west side of Front street. On Battle Row, or Crawford street-- J. Boulter, Thomas McCarty, B. Weeks, P. Sullivan.
The heat was so intense on Broad street, that goods took fire after being removed from the stores. Fabulous sums were offered for drays to haul off' goods. The only iire en gine (No. 1) came near being burned.
Girard narrowly escaped from cinders.
Council appealed to the public for aid in behalf of the suf ferers, and John Quin, acting Mayor, issued a proclamation in accordance. A committee was appointed to solicit aid.

12

INCIDENTS.

Committee, on October 12th, reported 80 persons had been supplied with food.
Savannah contributed $1,400 ; Macon, $505; Montgomery, $493 40 ; Columbus, in money and goods, $1,603 75. The Governor gave delay in the collection of taxes ; Astor House, New York, $50.
Kelief was offered on this plan--entire losses not exceeding $100--75 cents on the dollar; not exceeding $200--50 per cent., and the balance of the fund equally divided among sufferers.
To replace the burned apparatus of Fire Company No. 1, $135 were appropriated-
INCIDENTS.
The initiatory steps towards the building of the Mobile and Girard Kailroad were taken this year. The Alabama Legis lature chartered a company styled "the Girard Railroad Com pany," with James and Anderson Abercombie, Wm. Davis, S. M. Ingersoll, J. Godwin, W. B. Harris, J. Drumrnond, W. Burnett, R. S. Hardaway, B. Baker, E. Morfell, J. Alien, "W. Luther, T. Kcrnp, B. S. Mangham, ------ Floyd and N. W. Long, as Commissioners. Capital not to exceed $5,000,000, in shares of $100 each. The road to extend from Girard to in tersect or connect with the navigable waters of Mobile Bay, or with the railroad leading from Montgomery to "West Point, at the nearest and most suitable point of said road.
Other railroad enterprises in which Columbus was then concerned, were the building of a projected road to Macon or Barnesville, to intersect the Central or Macon and Western, and the construction of a road to Atlanta. John G. "Winter was President of the company having the last named project in charge.
On the 4th of April F. S. Wingate shot and killed John Conley with a pistol. Wingate crossed the river and made his escape.
The Muscogee Riflemen were organized on the 4th of July, with M. N". Clarke, Captain; Wm. B. Jones 1st Lieu-

PERSONAL.

13

tenant; M. Reid, 2d; John B. Wells, Ensign; N. P. Foster, 1st Sergeant; Chas. Torrean, 2d ; J. "W. Frost, 3rd; J. B. Hicks, 4th ; Levi Duck, 1st Corporal; I. Trawick, 2d ; K L. Hall, 3rd; Peter McGar, 4th.
The first new bale of cotton of the season -was brought in from the plantation of James Chapman, in Russell County, Alabama, and brought 10c., A. G. Lawrence being the pur chaser.
On October 14th cotton was quoted at 7 to 8Jc.; on the 21st, 8J to 8f c., from wagons; on November 3rd, 8 to 8^c.
PERSONAL.
The following were the county officers of Muscogee, elected in January: Sheriff--John M. Bethune over J. A. L. Lee Clerk Superior Court--Thad S. Sturgis over B. Beasley Clerk Inferior Court--B. G. Mitchell over John Johnson Tax Collector--F. A. Jepson over T. H. Kendall; Tax Re ceiver---A. Stephens over D. Parkman ; County Surveyor-- P. Lamar over T. J. Hand ; Coroner--T. O'Brien over G. B. Terry.
The Grand Jury for the January term consisted of J. S. Calhoun, foreman ; A. Levison, M. N". Clarke, K. M&Kenzie, S. G. Wells, James Shaw, L. Cherry, B. F. Malone, H. Livmgstone, H. C. Dawson, O. P. Tillinghast, "W. L. Wynn, Thos. J. Shivers, E. S. Greenwood, J. C. Cook, Davis Mulford, S. C. Lindsay, E. Dudley, P. McLaren, M. Woodruff, D. Ad ams. They presented as a nuisance so many change bills ; also the trading and trafficing with negroes, and allowing negroes to keep bar-rooms. Judge Sturgis presided over the Court. Hon. R. B. Alexander was appointed Judge of the Circuit soon afterwards.
Eev. James A. Wiggins was presiding Elder of the Colum bus M. E. District, and Rev. J. FJ. Evans stationed at Columbus.
B. Burt resigned the position of bridge-keeper in June, on account of the difficulty of enforcing the regulations, and Wm. W. Martin was elected in his stead.

14

BUSINESS MKi^ OiT THE. CITY.

The Grand Jury for the April term consisted of S. "W. Floarnoy, foreman ; B. G. Bandy, Wm. Amos, TJ. 0. Alien, G. B. Terry, ,Ias. Sullivan, Calvin Strattou, S. Weems, M. Chisholm, K. Vv. Fox, A. Peabody, T. Howard, Wm. Kankin, James .Kivlin, Van Leonard, G. S. McGehee, T. A. Brannon, T. J. Terry, and Loroy Ilolt.
James Kivlin was elected, in July, an. Alderman of the 4th Ward, in the place of James II. Shorter, deceased.

Council, in December, adopted a renolution that Messrs. Eehols & Howard had faithfully performed their contract for the improvement of the water lots.
The following boats arrived and departed during the win ter of this year : Jjotiis, Alien master ; Champion, Cadwallader master ; Peytona, Greer master; Viola, Van Vechten master; Mary _Ann Moore, Moore master; ISTation, McAlister master; Boston, M.orton master; Emily, Hall master; Colum bus, Stapler master; Eufaula, Thompson master; Albany, ------ master.
The following list includes t-lie names of all the business and professional men advertising in the Enyui'rer this year:
Merchant..*!.--13. & M. Meidner, J". Eimis & Co., George Durham, B. A. "Ware, Greenwood & Ellis, J. M. Tarbot & Co., E. Barnard & Co., Hall & Moses, Pond & Willcox, Moody & Durr, A. H. McXeil, Bruuo &. Virgins, P. Mf!Lsiron, Waason & Boolior, S. IJ. Hamilton, J. I. Itidgwny, S. B. Purple, liidgway & Bnrden, I,. T,. Oowdery, Winter .fc :Kpping, T,. J. 3>avies, B. Wells & Go., Strong & Wood, If. H. Woodruff, Broiiar/ & demons, D. & J. Kyle, .J. S. Smith &; Go., Jan. F. Watson, Jas. D\viglit, B. B. dcGraffcnriod, J. & I. G-. Strapper, ^Vymi & Chandler, JOB. B. Green, J. W. Pease, M. Pecare & Co., Wm. A. Iledd & Co., G. B. Terry, G. W. Woodruff Sammis & Eooney, Johuaoii & Frost, Mygntt & Hodges, Q. O. Terry, Hill, Dawson & Co., D. W. Orr A Co., IvfiK.fe Bro., Wrule & iliddlbrook, Aug. L. Grant, Birdsong & Sledge, A. J. Kobison, J'. H. Merry, Stanford & Ellis, A. A. Denslow, Hogim & Cooper, B,abe.rt Carter.
Teaa7iera.--'H. W. B. Munro, Miss O'Hara and Sister, Mr. O'Hara, Miss A,

MARRIAGES.

'

15

B. Alexander and Miss IX Pease-, Mr. Boydun, J. II. Goodalc, Thos. B. Blade, Mrs. Bethnnc, John G. But or, Thos. G. Pond.
Restaurants. -- Wm. 3?. Fenvll, E. A. Whits. Cabinet Wo wc<wi--Henry Willers. DentiKts--,J. Fogle, O. P. I.uird, <J. T. Cushman. ,4?ic^.n m*f Cvmmixsio-H --N. MaKobiusoti, A. K. Ay or. Lawyers- John M. Betlmne, C. K. .RocfcweU, A. G- Foster, Hines Holt, Wm. Dougliflrty, M. .Tohnston, I.. T. Downing. Book-.ttindw- -R. Tanner. (Mton, HroJws--Hansard & JJorris. Tra7-<-7wwh--"UnRfi, I'atton * Co., Yon^e, Garrard & Hooper, Greenwood & Co., Jloopor & KidgH'^y. Rd. J, Hardin. Doctwn- E. M. djC.rnfTwuric.l, P-Cdwell A Billing, Holt & Butt, Wijdman & Craig, Tlios. HoKcy, T>r. Gonldin^. J?wi Fou'HflriM- Jsrtu.-! H. Jaiinny, J(we-pli Oolwei] & Co. Gai-rififjfi J^pONitorfffi -- lri. C. .McK .':(>, -J- B. Jtiquos. 7/b'fe-f/, Oglutnurpr, HOIIRO, by II. L. BasH ; City Hotel, by Miirry Tlood and Isaac MJiondl ; Kentnoky 3Toup, by W. Perry. 7(5(3 Dtalsr--.1 ohn Uyrae. 6?i7i Makirs- -Teuipleton itoid, E. T. Tuylor A Co., (hi Girard.) Jjvvery SLa.hU- das. A, Bnulforcl. Hoarding .Uouxe --Mrs. Tesisdslti. Jfi8ir/xfj/--MiiM O. 1Y. Alexaitdcr, Mr.s. IVwHa.j. G-unnmit/i--F. Sliaeffer. Dcgue-rreotype (Jattery-- 'Mr. Levering.

MABBTAGES.
Jftniiary 4 -Grceiio R Diikc find Pyjeno C. Webb. January f!, Goovgo W. Howard and Carolina K,. Smith. Jan. 8, Jeremiah Masey and PJ-.UIOCS Broaduax, Joliti Jones and Eli^hefcli Ii3zm)y Tilly. Jan. 11, J)a,vid Magov.iri: and Marg-ircfc Duko. Jan. 14, George Tliuvntou n,iid Itobeeea Tliornioru Jan, 26, John Mosey and Martha Byus. Jan. 27, Simon P. Bickley and Martha A. OvUvor.
February 5--Peter Diffley and Jane "VVade, BAcharcl Ector and Eleanor M. S. Ector. Feb. 11, Win. A. Sliofncr and Mary Ann Turnage. Eel). 12, Henry H. .Epping and Barbnry C Gnlibago. Feb. 13, Jolrn Houston and Martha J. McChire. Eeb. !.,">, Jitorion Kelswy and Gerwgiam V. Marcrmn. Feb. 18, Lambert Spencer and Veiiona MitylieU. Feb. 22, Alexander C. Green and Mary Burns.
March 1--Shadraek Walls and Nancy Cordry. March 2, Salathal N. Cropman and Caroline Crandall, Gregory Ortagus and Mrs. Ktacy Ann Lee, Martin Castello and Perinelia Gouter. Feib. 4, James "W. Johnson and Sarah Garri son. March"5, Alanson M". Cox itnd GeorgianaM. Aillook. March 10, Tester L. Cowdery and Eveline Kule, March IS, Thos. M. Glowers said Louisa Warren. March S3, William C. Swann and Delila E. Brown. March 24-, ITiram Hooker

16

MAREIAGES.

and Mary Bell. March 25, Stephen Z. Harnesberger and Susan Norris. March 26, George C. Benton and Frances M. S tailings, Wm. L. O'Stmn and Harriet S. Adams.
April 2--Jonathan Corclry and Elizabeth Toinlinson. April 12, James M. Baggett and Mary Ann Pike. April 26, Thomas Cransby and Mary Simpson. April 30, Doctor H. Sanders and Martha Walters.
May 12--Nelson McLester, Esq., and Mary G. Redd. May 17, Jno. M. Jones and Elizabeth J. Rogers, Charles King and Caroline Ligon. May 23, Ichabod B. Hoxie and Eupliemia Alien.
June 2--Josiah Pranglin and Jane Ann Giddings. June 3, Jas. H. Edmundeon and Susan Ramsay. June 4, James P. Duck and Caroline E. Dimon, Jas. Francis and Louisa F. Ferryman. June 11, James Slaughter and Eleanor "Williams. June 16, Gary C. Willis and Mary F. Huff. June 21, Wiley Sizemore and Mary Askew.
July 5--Jesse Clay and Nancy Caroline Bryan. July 7, Edward W. Nil and Ann HarveU. July 9, Brady F. Warner and Matilda M. Brown. July 23, David Cnlpepper and Caroline Hays. July 29, Edward S. Ott and Ann A. Alston, Richard L. Butt and Elizabeth C. Leonard.
August 2--John Kingsbury and Missouri Ann Grey, Thomas W. Ballard and Jane Hawthorn. Aug. 10, James Johnson and Nancy Amanda Roach. Aug. 12, John F. Bosworth and Augusta F. Reeves.
September 6--"William A. Livingston and Mary A. Cooper. Sept. 10, Matthew Knight and Martha Ann Bryley. Sept. 18, Jacob Williams and Eliza Adams. Sept. 22, Edwin N. Hyatt and Mary Jane Lee. Sept. 24, Caleb Gallops and Sarah Palmer. Sept. 27, George W. Smith and Sarah Mann.
October 1--Wm. A. Beach and Caroline L. Neuffer. Oct. 5, John Crosby and Sarah Rawl. Get. 6, AViley L. Day and Sarah Ann Elizabeth Andrews, William H. Smith and Nancy Ann Edwards. Oct. 7, Jas. Hull and Frances Ballard. Oct. 8, Jesse D. Hadley and Malinda E. Teel. Oct. 15, Benjamin W. Moon and Arabella T. Eldred. Oct. 18, Zachariah Gammel and Elizabeth Osborn. Oct. 22, Edward Christian and Rachel Witt. Oct. 28, Francis M. Gray and Mentoria E. Mead.
November 3--William Walker and Harriet E. Shay, Luke CrandaU and Martha E. Rawson. Nov. 4, Wesley Gray and Emeline Jones. Nov. 12, Jas. W. McCullers and Lucinda Scroggins, Abraham Miller and Martha Morgan, Henry Hall and Mary A. Nisbett. Nov. 13, Wm. McConnell and Tabitha Olive Kent. Nov. 24, Jordan L. Howell and Elizabeth S. Johnson. Nov. 25, James H. Carter and Henrietta M. Harden. Nov. 26, James A. Redding and Caroline P. Davis, Vincent H. Harrison and Martha Roland, James Twilley and Catharine. Davis. Nov. 29, Elijah. Padgett and Axupershanee Johnson.
December 3--Q. Carlyle Terry and Elizabeth G. Goulding. Dec. 10, Thoa J. Tipper and Emily Vickers, Abner Buchanan and Ninetta I. Chisohn. Dec. 11, Jno. E. Renfroe and Martha Ann Daniel. Dec, 13, Anda MoNeel and Martha Weathers. Dec. 16, William J. McBride and Mary Ann Wall,

DEATHS.

17

Dec. 17, Charnel Hightower and Amanda Henry. Dec. 20, Jasper Harris and Judith Ann Buckner. Dec. 21, William O. Owens and Catharine Simpson. Dec. 22, Wade H. T. Powell and Mary E. Dade, Jno J. Rockmore and Sarah Jane Edwards. liec. 24, Sampson D. Helms and Missouri Parker, Simeon Perry and Emily Kilpatrick. Dec. 30, William H. Spargers and Ann Prickett, Dec. 31, Israel H. Jamsey and Mary Jane O'Hara, Jourdari Hightower 'and Jane Henry, Slakely Lamberth and Mary Ann Fincher.
DEATHS.
January 23--Arthur B. Davis. Jan. 28--Dr. A. S. Clifton. Jan. 29, Jeremiah Mullena.
March 5--FranciH N. Huso. March 7, Mrs. Martha T. Kedd. April 4--Mrs. Harriot A. Wildman. June 7--Mrs. Caroline Crossman. Jnne 11, John Logan. June 20, Mrs. Martha W. Harris. July 3--Eugene, infant child of John A. Jones. July 10, Wm. B. Chan dler, of Sumter county. August 11--Mrs. Mary Emma Bronson. Aug. 16, Mrs. Frances Eliza Rutherford. Aug. IS, Mrs. Mary Hodges. Aug. 27, Anna Lewis, infant daughter of L. D. MInter. September -- Stephen I>. Pepper. Sept. 7, Mrs. Barbara Catherine Epping. Sfipt. 14-, Jared Irwin, infant son of Eliaha F. Kirksey. October 16--Jonathan Niles, of Providence, R. I.

184=7.
Two Destr^cctive Fires----Land Donated and City Subscription to Muscogee Railroad Company.
The following was tlie result of the election held on the first Saturday in January for Mayor and Aldermen: Mayor, "Wiley "Williams; Aldermen--1st Ward, J. J. McKendree, "Willis T. Holstead; 2d Ward, no election; 3d Ward, K. N". B. Bardwell, George Pitts; 4th Ward, H. J. Smith, and no choice for one; 5th Ward, James Kivlin, J. L. Morton; 6th Ward, Benj. F. Coleraan, J. E. Green,

SPECIAL MEETING OF .COUNCIL

19

Fugle & Cushman, dentist rooms; the clothing and millinery store of Mr. and Mrs. iDessau. The fire passed thence to O^lethorpe street, destroying Hatcher & Pittw' livery stable The Episcopal church building was several times on lire. Several wooden houses 'on Oglethorpe were cut, down, and the build ing occupied by the tfnqu'i.rer as a press room was blown up. The fire engine did all it could. Mr. George II. Pcabody was seriously injured by a fall from, the vestry of the Episcopal Church. -The heaviest losers wore Samniis & Kooney, Kyle & Barnctt, Q. W. Woodruff, "Wade & Middlebrook (fully insured,) A. ~K.. Ayer, Hall & Moses ($18,000 above insu rance,) P. A. Clay ton, and others. Total Joss about 80,000; insurance $4=0,000.
On March 20th, at o A. M., Tlardeu's large wooden ware house, occupied by I fall & DeBlois, agents for the Low ell factory companies, and owned by the iftiledge villa Bank, was burned with 1,281 bales of cotton, owned by various parties; and 900 sacks salt, 125 barrels of molasses and 75 of whiskey, owned by Barnard & Schley (insured.) The rear building of Redd & Co.'s store, with 200 sacks of salt, bacon, etc., was also burned. Loss $60,000. The warehouse was located where the .Planters' Warehouse now is. This fire was believed to have been the work of an incendiary.
On the 28d of March, Council held a special meeting to tike action in regard to the supposed incendiary origin of the late fires. A resolution was adopted authorising the Mayor to offer a reward of $1,000 for the apprehension and convic tion of an? such incendiary.
On the 25th of March, Win. Brooks resigned the office of Marshal, and James M. Hughes, Deputy, was elected Marshal. George Sullen was elected Deputy Marshal.
We find the names of the following boats that were ply ing the river in the early part of th is year : Lotus, Champi on, Peytona, Viola., Mary Ann Moore, Kation, Boston, Kufaula, Emily, Charleston, Albany, Apalachicola, Gadwalladcr.
Notwithstanding heavy losses by throe destructive fires

20

THE BRIDGES----LAND GRANT.

within a few months, the citizens of Columbus contributed $789 40 for the relief of the people of Ireland, then suffering from famine.
A new Market House, near the intersection of Oglethorpe and Crawford streets, having been completed by Messrs. P. Adarns and J. L. Morton, the stalls were rented in May. We find that some of the stalls -were rented by Richard Koberson, Barshall & Gittenger, Charles G. Bi#e, Amos & Jones.
J. J. McKendree having resigned as Alderman of the 1st Ward, A. B. Ragan was elected in his stead.
The following decree of Chancellor Ligon of Alabama, in the case of the Mayor and Council of Columbus vs. Lewis Davis and others, was laid before Council on the 17th of June, and spread upon its minutes : "It is ordered, adjudged and decreed, that the injunction heretofore awarded in this case be made perpetual, and that the said defendants and each and every of them and their successors in office of those of them which constituted the Court of Commissioners of Reve nue and Roads for the county of Russell, be forever enjoined from obstructing in any way the streets and high-ways in the bill mentioned to the injury of the franchise of complainant."
On the 80th of June a special meeting of Council was held to consider a proposition of the Muscogee Railroad Company in regard to obtaining a lot of ground on the east commons for the purpose of locating a depot. The following resolu tion was adopted :
Besolved, That this body authorize the Muscogee Kailroad Company to locate their depot on the east common, between Randolph and Bryan streets, and to occupy a space of ground for said depot, and for no other than railroad purposes, not exceeding the breadth between the two streets, and not over 1200 feet long, leaving a street on the east and another on the west end of said depot--which said streets shall be as much as 200 feet wide; and with. the amendment that the title shall revert to the city when the road shall cross the river at any point above St. Clair street.
In August, P. A. Clayton was elected Alderman of the 4th Ward, vice H. J. Smith, resigned.
Council appropriated $300 to aid in buying a new engine.

RAILROAD SUBSCRIPTION".

21

On the 16th of September the Telegraph Company peti tioned for permission to erect poles and extend their line through the city, and on the 7th of October Council granted tne company the right to cross the commons, the streets, and the river, by attaching the wires to the bridge.
There was considerable feeling in Council and among the citizens, in October, on the subject of renting a portion of the commons for a race track. Council at first resolved to rent it for that purpose for a term of years, but afterwards reconsidered the resolution, and on the 28th of October, after receiving a numerously signed protest by citizens against any such appropriation of the commons, the whole subject was laid on the table.
Col. J. L. Mustian having made a proposition to Council to complete twenty rnilcs of^tho Muscogce Railroad, commencing at Columbus, if the city would give him a bonus of $20,000, and it being represented that a project was on foot to build a road from the Georgia Western Railroad to West Point, which, would materially interfere with the trade of Colum bus, Council called a meeting of citizens on the 29th of Octo ber, to consider the question. This meeting adopted a reso lution requesting the Council to subscribe for 1500 shares of the Muscogee Railroad, payable in bonds. .At its meeting on the 2d of November, Council adopted an ordinance "to au thorize and require the Mayor of the city of Columbus to subscribe in the name and for the benefit of the Mayor and Council of the citv of Columbus for fifteen hundred shares in the stock of the Muscogce Railroad Company, to authorize the issue of city bonds for $150,000 in payment of the same, and to provide for the representation of said stock in all meetings and elections which may be held by the stockhold ers of said company." The ordinance provided that $15,000 of said bonds should become due and payable each year, commencing on the 1st day of January, 1853, until the whole should be paid by the 1st of January, 1863. At a meeting
3

22

MOUNTED COMPANIES FOR MEXICO-

on the llth of November, Council adopted an amendment to ' this ordinance, asking the Legislature to grant authority to levy an additional t#x sufficient to pay the annual interest on these bonds.
Subsequently, on motion of Alderman Morton, Council adopted, a resolution appointing a committee to ascertain and report "what arrangements could be 'made, by means of a county subscription, to expedite the building of a railroad connecting the Muscogee Railroad with a railroad at Barnesville.
The Finance Committee reported in December that the in come of the city Treasury for the year, ordinary and extra ordinary, had "been $24,280 69, against $21,400 the previous year, and the amount of city debt paid off during the year a little less than $10,000, besides $3,000 of extraordinary ex penses, leaving the current expenses of the city about $10,500. The debt of the city at that time was $42,466.
The city sexton reported 12 interments, of both whites and blacks, for the first quarter of this year, and 22 for the second quarter. "We have been unable to find any report for the last two quarters.
INCIDENTS.
Mary Ann Coursey, a white girl, aged 13 years, -was fatally shot in the head with a pistol, by Jones Butler, on March 1st. He was arrested in Girard, and lodged in the Columbus jail.
The Howard Manufacturing Company was organized for the purpose of building a cotton factory--building to be 125x48 feet, five stories high, and run 5,000 spindles. Direc tors--Van Leonard, J. C. Cook, E. T. Taylor, Harvey Hall and 3. I. Kidgway. President, "Van Leonard; Superin tendent, Jonathan Bridges. The corner stone was laid on Aug. 28th. There were two factories in active operation in Co lumbus at that time--the Coweta and the Columbus.
The war -with Mexico was progressing this year, and Co lumbus took a lively interest in the contest. A battalion of

PERSONAL.

28

six companies of mounted volunteers, of which J. S. Calhoun had been appointed Lieutenant-Colonel, left Columbus early in September. Dr. J. F. Bozeman was surgeon. The com panies were commanded by Captains E. R. Gouhling, H- Kendall, C. H. Nelson, C. A. Hamilton and W- T. Woftbrd. Colonel Calhoan was given a itorse by General MeDougald and received another from Daniel Griffin.
On the 26th November, Mr. Randal Jones, an aged citizen of Muscogee, was thrown from his horse, near the residence of Judge Thomas, on the Hamilton road, and killed.
The steamboat H. S. Smith, built in Columbus, was launched at the boat yard on the 27th of November.
A. G. Smith, of Columbus, was killed near Matarnoras by 'Mexicans, while, "with a Mexican, he was hunting mules.

The officers of ColumbuPli'ire Company No. 1 for, this year, were R. A. Ware, President; H. T. Hall, Foreman ;_ Win. Snow, Assistant Foreman; J. 15. Strupper, Treasurer; Y, H. Cady, Secretary.
The Georgia M. E. Conference appointed Rev. A. J. Wiggins, Presiding Elder of the Columbus District, and Rev. Jesse Boring as pastor at Columbus.
On Tuesday, August 17th, the Columbus Guards reorgan ized and elected S. A- Bailey, Captain ; John E. Davis, 1st Lieutenant; R. Bills, 2d Lieutenant ; Joseph King, 3d Lieu tenant; W. C. Hodges, 4th Lieutenant; Sergeants--W. G. Andrews 1st, Brastus Reed 2d, F. J. Abbott 3rd, J. M. Hughes 4th ; Corporals--J. It. Ivey 1st, A. Ellis 2d, P. Alston 3rd, John King 4th ; James Hamilton, Secretary and Treasurer ,- T. Schoozimaker, Quartermaster. John E. Davis, on account of business, declined the captaincy and also the position of 1st Lieutenant. John Forsyth was then elected 1st Lieutenant.
In October, R. T. Marks was elected Senator, and John Bethune and N. L. Howard, Representatives of Muscogee.

24:

MARRIAGES.

They were the Whig candidates. The following county offi cers were elected : Sheriff, Col. A. S. Rutherford ; Clerk Su perior Court, Major 13. J. Hardin; Clerk Inferior Court, Robt. Mitchell; Tax Collector, J. W. Edwards; Receiver, D. J0 Rees ; Coroner, G. B. C. Terry.
The Columbus Enquirer, Columbus Times, and Muscogee Democrat were the papers published in Columbus.

MAUKTAG-ES.

January 3--Bcn_jamin A. Berry and Mnliala A. O'Neal. Jan. 7, Stephen A.

Doles and Mary Ann E. Hazelton, AnderKon Williams and Mary Ann Smith.

Jan. 11, Mnclisoii T. Key and Samaniha Madclux, Barney Mullany and Ann

Putnam. Jan. 21, George W. Comlery and liosa E. Purple. Jan. 28, Pat

rick Holehan and Samanlie Boraw.

February 9--Carter Newson and Lucy Ann Smith.. Feb. 13, Jno. "W.

Harned and Josephine Robinson. Feb. 21, Wm. H. Griswold and Mary E.

Andrews.

ijffcfc

March 8--Jno. 11. Garrctt and ^iBp Alin Garrctt. March 11, Simon

Sartwell and Mary Ann Moore. MarWlS, Thos. O. Hill raid Sarah T. Pool.

March 23, Robert H. Boon and Sarah Ann Brown. March 26, Mandley W.

Ellison and Sarah Gilbert. March 28, Harvey Matthews and Eleanor Carr.

April 1--Jeremiah Cos and Rsbeeca Knowles, William W. Townsend and

Lucinda- A. Richardson, Thos. J. Pool and Martha E. Shippey. April 8,

William Marler and Sileta Maddox, William J. Bradley and Susan Dillard,

Edmoncl McGlawn and Martha Irvin Tunis. April 15, James Barlow and

Frances Tomlilin. April 18, Lawrence Lines and Ellen Octavia Bugbee.

. April 27, David Founiain and Eliza McCardel. April 29, Uriah Hernia and

Martha Foster, John C. Wellborn and Mary A. Pease.

May 5--Hardy B. Carraway and Virginia C. Burton. May 6, Bartley M.

Cox and Lucy H. Watt. May 0, FranklinNewberry and PoUey Ann WiUiams.

May 10, John T. Copeland and Mary F. Cox. May 11, William Whatsey

and Elizabeth Renfroe. May 1(5, James Brunette and Loiiisa Matilda Gincy.

May 19, Wm. Henry Chambers and Ann Lane Flewenefc. May 20,

John Young and Salina Cowart. May 23, John Mack and Martha Bagley.

May 27, Henry Turuage and Jane Elizabeth Armstrong. May 30, Jno. W.

Boland and Elizabeth Dardon, Liomel H. Turner and Louisa M. Bryan.

June 3--Jeremiah E. Langford and Mary Jane Jackson. June S, Lerry 0.

Mims and Salitha Ann Killian, Littleberry B. Phillips and Mre. Mary A. Pru-

ett, Andrew Jackson Welch and Margaret Elizabeth Rogers. June 13, Geo.

H. Sims and Sandal Webb, Robt. D. Greene and Elizabeth L. Coleman.

June 15, Silas R. Brown and Sarah A. E. Jones. June 22, Wesley Boyd and

Elizabeth Hall. June 27, William Thomae and Amanda Foster. June 29,

"William McElrath and Nancy Artimus Mass.

DEATHS.

25

July 1--George W. Welch and Nancy B. McNeil. July 2, James M. Halley and Margaret Durm. July 11, Samuel J. Crow and Frances Elizabeth Owens. July 13, John T. Decker and JLurany C. Chapman.
August 1--Patrick Gillespia and Fredericka N. Albricht. Aug. 3, Samuel Watkins and Betsy B. McOalL Aug. If,, Jepthah H. Clements and Elizabeth A. McDonald. Aug. 10, Uriah Williams and Nancy Johnson, Jas. E. Broadnax and Martha Watkins. Aug. 2(3, John W. Perry and Lovoy L. John. Aug. 29, Major LeGrand G-uerry and Bhoda Amelia Cook. Aug. 31, Seaton Ira Clark and Mary Jane Burt.
September 8--Thomas W. Christian and Mary Jane Greer. Sept. 12, Charles Beck and Emily "Wilson. Sept. 10, Michael W. Whitman and Mary Adams, William P. May and Nancy A. F. Pace. Sept. 23, Thomas Wilson Blackburn and Elizabeth Susan Kirkpatrick. Sopt. 2G, Reuben Leggit and Persilla Lunsford, Amos Hicks and Martha Colyer, Sept. 30, William Maxey and Mary Field.
October 7--Joseph West and Elizabeth A. Parknian. Oct. 12, Woody A. Moor and Mary E. Paramore. Oct. 14, George W. Hunter and Margaret Elder. Oct. 17, Augustus L. Edwards and Susan E. liockmore. Oct. 21, Kobert Garven and Louisa Gass. Oct. 31, Jacob Parker and Nancy Davie.
November 7--Alien Wlmtley and Eliza Jane Blackman. Nov. 11, Francis Kromer and Mary O'Oonuer. Nov. 18, Joshua Wilson and Mary Ann Murry. Nov. 25, Barnabas Cook and Dorcas Hicks. Nov. 30, John Henry Mealing and Martha Burt.
December 2--Alsey Dean and Eliza Weaver, Harvey King and Sarah A. Butt. Dec. 5, Jno. W. Wood and Bcpsey Ann Hall. Dec. 7, Hezeldah W. Edwards and Ann H. Harrison. Dec. 14, Isaac W. Orr and Eliza Santhall. Dec. 16, John Key and Susan Parkinan. Dec. 21, Peter K. Edgar and Harriet E. Bronlzer. Dec. 22, John Johnson ;md Sarah Motley. Dec. 23, David II. Snell and Parmilla. Ann Mullin, Alien W. Sanders and Elizabeth Perry. Dec. 25, William Helms and Nancy Stcariis. Dec. 2(>, Enoch Willett and Martha Ann P. Williams. Dec. 28, Richard A. Warner and Amanda D. Terry. Dec. 30, JLabaa C, Pool, and Mrs. Jane Keedham, John H. Massey and Caroline Johnson, Calvin Hilliard and Jiilia Ann Bell.
DEATHS.
Jan. 5--Mrs. Thomas Morris, daughter of William England. Dec. 27, 1846--Little ton At kin son, aged 29 years. February--Ebenezer C. Chandler. Feb. 20--Mrs. John Hazlcton, aged 21 years. Feb. 22--John Dickon, agod 40 years. March 23--Mrs Milly Bryant. April 18--At Col. Banks' Wyunton residence, Mrs. Josephine, wife of Judge Hawkins, aged 33 years. May 1--Mrs. Mary Eugenia Downing. May 13--Mrs. A. P. Reynolds, aged 43 years. May 23--J. C. McGibony, aged 51 years. June 26--Nathan Seymoiir, of A.palacliicola, aged 55 years. June--R. B. Lee, late member Georgia Light Infantry in Mexico.

26

THE CITY ELECTION.

July 10 --Mr. Thomas Kimforouga, aged <>0, and Mrs. B., wife of A. M. Kimbrough, of Muscogee. county.
Aug. 2--Wm. Henry, son of J- N. and T.uoy A. Bs;mett, aged one year and sevyn days. Aug. 6--Henry Matthews, a native of England, but many years a citizen of this State, aged 4(3 years.
Sept. r.--Joseph A., infant non of S. C. landsay, aged 11 years. Sept. 7-- Mrs. Cynthia IIagain., aged 60 years. Sept. 15--Mrs. Lemuel Cherry, aged 32 years. Sept. 2-f--Joseph Grimes, aged 56' years.

1848.
Jtfew Fire Company--Muscogee Rail Road Subscription Rati fied--Trades, Professions , &c,
Under an amendment of the charter, the citizens this year, for the first time, elected the Marshal, Deputy Marshal, Treasurer and Clerk. The election was held on the first of January, a.nd resulted as follows: Mayor, S. ~W". Flournoy Aldermen--1st Ward, "W. Y. Barden, W. S. Holstead; 2d "Ward, Harvy Hall ; 3d Ward, Jno. Johnson, Joseph Brooks; 5th Ward, S. R. Andrews, Lewis C. Alien; 6th Ward, B. F. Coleman ; Marshal, J. M. Hughes; Deputy Marshal, George Gullen; Treasurer, J2. H. Green; Clerk, Calvin Stratton. !Nb choice was made at this election for one Alderman each in the 2d and 6th Wards, and two in the 4th. Subsequently, J. A. L. Lee was elected to the vacancy in the 2d "Ward P. A. Clayton of the 4th, and Wm. R. Jones of the 6th, Col. Wm. M. Lee of the 4th.
Council elected A. G. Foster, City Attorney, Dr. Thos. Hosey, City Physician; Wm. W. Martin, Bridge Keeper; Jerry Terry, Sexton; B. Weeks, Clerk of Market; B. In gram, Hospital Keeper, Board of Health--Dr. T. W. Grimes, President; Joseph King and G. W. Turrentine,^ of First Ward; S. A. Billing and John Kyle, of Second; Joseph Kyle and Mansfield Torrence, of Third; D. McArthur and J. W. Frost, of Fourth ; J. Kivlin and J. L. Morton, of Fifth;

MTJSCOGEE RAIL ROAD.

27

Joseph Wiggins and J. E,. Greene, of Sixth.. Port AVardens-- LeG-rande S. Wright, C. 33. Mima, B. F. Malone, T. M. IIogan, H. T, Greenwood.
Clerk of Council was paid $400; -Marshals $500 each; Treasurer $600; Clerk of Market $150; Bridge Keeper $600 ; City Physician $260.
Vigilant Fire Company No. 2 was organized this year, and the Fire Department of Columbus was organized by the election of H. T. Hall as Chief Engineer, and B. J. Matthews Assistant. The following were the officers of the two com panies constituting the Department: Of Columbus No. 1, R. A. Ware was President; W. Foster, Foreman; I. G. Strupper, Assistant; J. D. Johnson, Secretary; R. H. Greene, Treasurer. No. 2, R. H. Taylor, President; L. T. Woodruff, Foreman ; R. T. Brice, Assistant; John H. Davis, Secretary; E. Patten, Treasurer.
The corner stone of Odd Fellows' Hall, near the corner of Oglethorpe and St. Glair streets, was laid on the 29th of January.
On the 2d of February, Council,- in accordance with, an agreement entered into with, the officers of the Muscogee Kailroad Company (John G. Winter, President,) subscribed for 1,500 shares in the stock of said company, with the fol lowing conditions: Council agreeing to pay quarterly to the Company 37,500. If the Directors call in stock faster than quarterly the city will issue 7 per cent, bonds to said Com pany, to be taken at par by it; provided, said Railroad Com pany put the whole line, from Columbus to Barnesville, on the M. & W. R.R., under contract as soon as practicable, and ex pend the city money on the west half of said railroad ; pro vided, also, said company receive from citizens, for freight arid passage, all the scrip issued by City Council--provided , the same shall not exceed $20. Council shall not subdivide the annual tax.
Subsequently the citizens, by a vote of 339 to 27, approved

28

THE CITY'S TAX LEVY*.

a special railroad tax for the term of two years to meet this subscription, viz ; 2 per cent, on real estate and -- of one per cent, on sales of merchandise and banking business.
J. 'L. Morton, John T. Walker, and Frederick Toby, wore elected city assessors. They made a return of the census of the city as follows: White males, 1,701, white females 1,543, slaves owned by residents 1,522, by non-residents 266, free persons of color 42--total 5,074. They reported that this did not include a large number of persons who-did busi ness in the city but resided in the siiburbs.
There were 125 persons with no trade or profession, 8 cler gymen, 25 lawyers, 18 physicians, 6 dentists, 12 printers and publishers, 303 merchants and clerks, 29 brokers and factors, 3 auction and commission merchants, 75 shopkeepers, 7 sil versmiths, 2 book-binders, 4 music professors, 10 bankers and clerks, 12 manufacturers, 6 machinists, 72 carpenters, 5 blacksmiths, 17 wheel and carriage makers, 5 brass and iron founders, 46 steamboat men, 13 cabinet makers, 12 sign and house painters, 4 saddle and harness makers, 7 tinners, 16 tailors, 2 gunsmiths, 16 bookmakers and plasterers, 3 "bakers, 2 coopers, 1 dyer and scourer, 1 hatter, 1 marble-cutter, 4 artists.
The Finance Committee reported in March that the debts of the city which should be paid during the year, amounted to $9,920, and the total necessary expenses were estimated at $26,100. The resources, including $9,000 from the bridge and 59,800 from taxes, were estimated at $21,175, showing a deficit of $4,925.
Council levied the folio-wing taxes for the year : On white males between 12 and 60 $1 00; free males of color $6 00; on every $100 of negro slaves 25 cents ; owned outside and working in city 75 cents ; lawyers and physicians >4 00 ; on ' every $100 of money loaned 25 cents ; merchandise 25 cents --excepting sugar, coffee, molasses, iron, bagging, rope or salt 12-| cents ; each negro offered for sale by trader $-1 00 -,

HEALTH OF THE CITY.

29

every $100 invested in. banks 25 cents; real estate 25 cents on every $100 of value, &c. i and an extra railroad tax of 2 per cent, upon real estate, for railroad purposes.
Council elected as Fire ' Wardens, J. O. Iluse, 1st Ward; George Struppcr, 2d ; Win. K. Scliley, 3rd ; John B. Strupper, 4th ; L. W. Wells, 5th ; J, M. Tarbos, 6th.
On the night of June 21st, at 3 A. M., the livery stables of Hatcher, ."Leary & Go, were burned, with the adjacent car riage houses, &e., together with a large quantity of corn, fodder and other provender, and fifty valuable horses. The large building on the corner known as Shylock's Bank, as also the Episcopalian. Church, were on fire several times but were put out by the iire companies, aided by citizens. Among the number who distinguished themselves were Mr. Hariserd and Capt. Van Veichtori, of Apalachicola. The Enquirer narrowly escaped. Mr. Anclerson lost his building and a large lot of meat, lumber and salt. Loss about $12,000. Hatcher & Pitts rebuilt the stables, and on the night of Sep tember 7th they were again burnt oat, losing that time twen ty-one horses--making a loss of seventy-one horses burned in two months.
The.1 Telegraph lines reached Columbus in July of this year. Council this year adopted and had printed a new code of ordinances drawn up and compiled by the City Attorney and passed iipoii separately. On the 29th of July, "Whitby Foster was elected an Alder man of the 5th Ward, in place of Alderman. Andrews who had remold from that Ward ; and William Amos was in September elected an Alderman of the 5th Ward, to fill the vacancy occasioned, by the resignation of Whitby Foster. This appears to have been a sickly summer for the city. We learn from the sexton's "report that there were 23 inter ments in July, and that diarrhea, measles, scarlet arid other fevers had. their victims. J5ut the report does not give the names of the persons buried. In August there were 24 in-

30

DEDICATION OF ODD FELLOWS' HALL.

termerits, the same disease prevailing. In September 19'--

diarrhea, scarlet fever and worms being most fatal.

The Treasurer reported the receipts of the City Treasury

this year $25,086 39, and the disbursements $25,079 30. The

Treasurer also reported the payment during the year of $8,-

963 90 of the indebtedness of the city, and that the debt at

the close of the year was about $35,000.

The receipts of cotton up to the 27th of May amounted to

56,759 bales. We cannot find any report for the balance of

the commercial year. The quotation at that time was

to 5 c.

There was much excitement on account of the frequency

of fires, believed to be incendiary, this year. Council offered

a reward of $500 for the arrest of the incendiaries, with

proof to convict.

The following were quotations of produce and merchandise in December: Cotton 4J to 5-J-c., bagging 22 to 25c. per

yard, candles--sperm 35c. per pound, tallow 18 to 20c.,

coffee--Kio 8 to 9c., Java 12-Jc., molasses 28 to 30c., corn 35

to 40c., lard 7 to 8c., fodder 50 to 60c., wheat 80c. to $

whiskey 27 to 30c., American brandy 45 to 50c., cogniac

to $4, salt $2 per sack, brown sugar 7 to 10c., loaf 12Jc., nails

6 to 6c., meal 45c., bacon sides and shoulders 5 to 60., hams

8 to 10 cents.

INCIDENTS.

Council rented the Columbus fisheries to M. N". Clark for

the years 1849,-1850 and 1851, and by him they were let to

N. P. Foster.

*

An intelligent Mexican youth who accompanied Col. J. S.

Calhoun on his return from the war, was drowned while

bathing in the river on Sunday, August 27th. His body was

recovered.

During October, Dr. T. "W. Grimes, President of the Board

of Health, reported the death of 13 whites and 5 blacks.

The Odd Fellow's new Hall was dedicated on Friday, Nov.

MABRIAGES.

31

17th. Col. S. B. Blake, of Macon, delivered the address. A supper was given at night by the ladies for the benefit of the Odd Fellow's Institute. Admission $1 50.
On December 26th, the wooden building owned by Mrs. Shorter, and adjoining her residence on Broad street, was burned.
PERSONAL.
Amos & Jones, Richard Roberson, James Schuyler, John D. Arnold, Gitthiger & Barschall, had stalls in the market.
Grigsby E. Thomas, Marshall J. Wellborn, Kenuith McKenzie, A. H. Flewellen and Wm. Amos were Trustees of the Muscogee Asylum for the Poor.
Wm. S1. Serrell was elected surveyor of Columbus by Council.
R. Sims, Wiley Williams, Hon. W. T, Colquitt, B. H. Clark, Willis A. Hawkins, Hon. M. J. Wellborn, Benj. W". Clark, J. C. Mounger and Thos. C. Speer were admitted to practice law in the Supreme Court in July.
Charles J. Williams was Solicitor General; E. J. Hardin, Clerk of the Court; B. B. Alexander, Judge.
The Grand Jury for the fall term consisted of Lock Weems, Foreman, B, A. Sorsby, J. H. Butt, Robert Boyd, Jacob Parker, Amos Schumpert, James B. Hicks, John Quin, V. R. Tommey, J. M. Read, J. M. Cook, W. A. Chisolm, Sobert Carter, Dozier Thornton, J, B, Baird, H. J. Eelbeck, Jonathan Bridges, W. M. Jepson, J. J. Jackson and George W. Jones.
The stockholders of the Muscogee Bailroad elected as Directors, J. IT. Howard, B. S. Hardaway, B, A. Ware, B. B. Alexander, S. A. Bailey, Harvey Hall, Jas. Wimberly. The Board elected J. H. Howard President.
MABBIAGES. January 7--Win. H. Edwards and Sarah Oureton. Jan. 9, Kobert W. Windham and Tabitha Smith. Jan. 11, Jotuali J. Howoll and Frances Jane Harris, John W. Pease and Jane Ann Norman. Jau. 13, ^Leonard P. JSTelson and Catharine Welch, Aiiderson B. Nelson and Sarah Welch. Jan. 20, rtev.

32

MARRIAGES.

Oliver B. Blue and Ann E. Howard. Jan. 21, Grariville L. Eobinette a Cinthia J. Bees. Jan. 27, Clias. S. Harrison and Lucy E. Sturgis. Jan. i William W. Barbaree and Sealy Dillard.
February 2--Oscar V. Brown and Martha "VV. Kimbrough. Feb. 5, Henry Jones and Martha "Bradford, Feb. 11, "Wm. Freeman and Adaline Dunning. Feb. 17, William H. Alford and Eliza Webb, Abraham Staton and Julia A. Taylor. Fob. 19, Greene Taylor and Mary Ann Tollis. Feb. 27, " Miles and Martha Lindwey, John Barbarra and Christian Hcreubee.
March 1 --Jabez Hainlin Whittelsey and Emily Ann Schloy. March. 2, John B. Vickery and PrisoJlla Johnson. March 5, Howell Heti and Lucinda Pitch. March 7, John Martin and Susan Kite, Joseph Brunson and AnnE,, Carthidge. March 9, Christian N. Pike and Maranda A. Webb. March 14, "Wm. Alien and Nancy Haster. March 16, Nathan Miller and Nflri Burren. March 10, Richard Williams and Mary Ann McGuist. March 25, James J. Bitch and Jane Fountain. March 22, Francis D. Oliver and Mary Hand. March 23, Bichard B. Davis and Mary E. Twilley. March 30, Sam! O. Dodson and Elizabeth C. Duncaii.
April 10--James Griffin and Martha Rogers. April 18, Joseph S. Vickery and Sarah M. Johnson, April 29, Mathew Knight and Epsy Phillips.
May 4--William Hill and Eliza Bryley. May 8, Alonza Balsh and Eliza. Caroline McGlain.
June 1--Samuel Weaver and Nancy lloberts. June 7, Stephen S. Brooks and Nancy A. Hnnley. June 15, James Morgan and Bobecca E. Coffee.

and Mary Jane Hamil. June 29, Jasper Jones and Mary Bush.
July 1--Samuel Aenchbacker and Rebecca Owens. July 2, Daniel A. Woolbright and Martha E. Woolbright. July 9, Benjamin Bryant and Cath arine Wilson. Jttly 11, Alexander H. Cooper and Eliza C. Harris. July 25 Bobert D. Cox and Eliza A. Cos.
August 10--Harrison Gresham and Nancy Wooton, Benjamin Harvey and Mary E. Cos. August 22, Dr. Alexander L. Mar-tin and Mrs. Elizabeth M, Dart. August 24, Young E. Walters and Susannah Smith, Michael S Waltors and Winnifred Majors.
September 3--Wm. E. Cos and Sarah Ann Margaret Reighley. Septembe 4, William Williams and Elizabeth Wiley. Sept. 6, John Hamilton and Ann M. Jefferspn, Samuel Caldwell and Eliza Brown, David W. Hooks and Ma tilda Catharine Walters. Sept. 7, Elza C. Grant and Nancy Hayes. Sept 13, David K. Tant and Martha Ann Bounds. Sept. 14, Boswell Ellis Frances A. Mangham, John H. Davis and Martha Ann Calhoun, John S Yanpitt a7id Sarah A. Burnett, John B. Prosley and Matilda Driscoll.
October 3--Willi;xin Byall and Louisa Baggett. Oct. 15, Nathan H. Short and Malinda "Weaver. Oct. 17, James B. Ayres and Eliza Ann Lamb. Oct 22, William B. Stephens and Sarah M. McMichael. Oct. 29, Claudius S Lawhon and Ann Jane Bonnell.

PBGGBESS OF THE CITV.

33

November 2--John King and Mary- Ann Conner. Nov. 3, David Averett 9nd Mary A. Thompson. Nov. 4, William Miller and Caroline Greens. Nov.
John Hurst and Augusta Ann Whip pie. Nov. 12, William Champion and Eethany Austin. Nov. IS, George W. Uohiueon and Aim 33. Wood. Nov. 21, Enoch J. Wall and Elizabeth Stringer. Nov. 22, Ed-ward "W. Suvell and
aria S. Chapman. Nov, 23, Joel Williams and Eliza Wiley. December 3--Wiley M. Beeves and Elizabeth Kent. Dec. 6, Whitman C. Aliord anil thebe Jane Sammis, .Tnmew W. Smith, and Mary A. Hines, Alien (Wart and Frances A. E. Comer. Dec. 7, Gilhim Carpenter and Martha Ann Chase. Bee. 8, Wiley Wamach and Jane Pike. Dec. 13, Eaton P. TffiUer and Cinthia McVay. Decs. 14, Francis Marion Christopher and Sarah SalinaBoyd. Dec. 20, James Howard and Eveline White. Dec. 21, llich-
M. Gray and Mary J. W. Kayos. Z>oc. 26, William T. ghippey and Elizabeth A. Pool.
DEATHS.

February 25--Mrs. Ebenade Adams.

March 8--Captain Moses Butt. March iti--Dr. Iddo Ellis.

March 1O--Mrs. Elizabeth G-riswoId.

April 3--Mrs. Caroline Dunn. April 13--Thomas M., infant son of Thos. M. Hogan. April 29--Fanny Blcmnt, infant daughter of Rev. Thos. B. Slade. A.pril 30--Horace, infant son of W. H. Griawold.

May 19--Mrs. Mary Ann, wife of Michael KeUy.

June 1--Azm Elizal>cth, infant daughter of William Perry. June 2--Thos. tixie, Jr. June 1O--Evans Wimberly (of Elorida.) June 11--Charles A.Tignstias, infant son of George W. Havdwiek. ' June 21--Eev. Thomas Moulding, Pastor of the Presbyterian Church. Ju'jie as--Miss Eliza J. Itedd.

July 2--Alexander J., son of John Hunley. July 17--Mary Dillard, infant laughter of James Kivlin, July 20---George iE'endleton, infant son of ItichaTd Hoopur ; Mrs. Eliza J. Pardon, wife of Win. Y. Barden. July 25-- Mary Jane, daughter of Neil G. Smith.

Sept. 7--Henry C. MeKendree ; and on the 9th, Caroline Eli^a McKendrea ^children of John J. McKeiidree. Sept. 15--Washington Irving, infant son of Joseph E. Webster. Sept. 10--William Frederick, sou of OK E. Thomas. Sept. 24--Col. Thomas F. Foster.

Oct. 3--James Franklin Kees. Join Lloyd.

Oct. 23--Miss Mary Jane, daughter of

Nov. 8--Joseph Alexander (of Pennsylvania.) ISov. 27, Jeremiah Thomton.

1849.
A Tear of Manufacturing and Mail Road Enterprises.
The Enquirer of the 2d of January opened the new year ith the expression of sanguine hopes for the future of Co-

34

lumbus, and a brief reference tcjrj some improvements then in progress. "We copy the article^, mainly to show the condition at that time of enterprises sii-noo completed, as we are still far from, the realization of thea; anticipations of the paper:

Otm CITY--ITS PROSPECTS--K.AiiJt ^ROAD--CAPITAL--MANUFAOTUBEB, &o,-

At tlie commencement of tne new y^ar we look at home and around i

lively hopes sad expectations of thi^ future.

The Muscogee Railroad is now f airly on the progress of construct!

upon paper, but over ground. Su fa.ee it to say, that the capital and energy

now brought to this work can accc-,/mplish anything.

Our Factory improvements are. going up beyond oiir most sanguine expec

tations, and their success is equal .ing the most sanguine anticipations of thos

engaged in them. All that is wa^nting to make our city not only the Lcrwell

of the South, but of the United^. States, is capital, and that is rapidly tending

towards it.

-,

Col. Farish Carter, long ano^. favorably known to the people of Get

not only as a large capitalist, t^mt as a man of great caution and prudence,

has now near completion one ,. of the largest class of Factory buildings, and

it is said intends immediately- to erect another. In these it is his purpose to

employ slave labor, thus div< jrting a portion of this from the production to

the manufacture of our gr^at staple. [Slaves were not employed in this

Factory.]

,

"We learn with much pleasure that this is now his place of residenci

few more citizens of the f^ame sort, and of similar means and confidence in

the value of investments ?nere, and we mean what we say, that more cotton

can and "will be msmtfactv ,\red at and near Columbus than afc any other point

The municipal el/ection in January resulted in the choice of Samuel W. Flourn-.oy as Mayor, and the following Aldermen: W. Y. Harden anc'i W. S. Holstead, 1 st Ward ; Harvey Hall and J. A. Lee, 2d:'; J. B. Brooks and T. K. Wynne, 3d ; P. A. Glayton and M. Woodruff, 4th ; L, C. Alien and F. A. Jepson, J 5th; F. M, Broods and A. A. Dill, 6th.
E. H. Oreeni3 was elected City Treasurer; C. Stratton, Clerk; J. M., Hughes, Marshal; George Gullen, Deputy Marshal.
Council, at its first meeting, elected David Gunn, Clerk of the Market; Wm. W. Martin, Bridge keeper; B. Ingram, Hospital keeper; Jere Terry, Sexton ; E. D. S. Bell, City Attorney ; Joseph King, L. M. Durr, N. M. C. Robison, John

f

TWO FIBBS EARI/ST IN THE YEAK.

85

Kyle, Joseph Kyle, Dr. J. J. Boswell, E. R. Goetchius, Wm. Mathewson, J. J_j. Morton, John Woolen, J* M. Tarbox and A. J. Abbott, Health Officers ; Josiah Morris, T. M. Hogan, L. S. Wright, Daniel Mo Arthur and B. F. Malonc, Port Wardens.
The contract system for crossing the bridge was continued to regular passers.
At its meeting on the 9th of January, Council elected John C. Euse, Wm. K. Sehley, V. H. Cady, J. B. Strupper, L. W. Wells and B. F. Coleman, Fire Wardens. Dr. Thos. Hoxey -was elected City Physician and President of the Board of Health.
An ordinance "was passed in January, requiring the Mayor . to hold a Mayor's Court on Tuesday of each week, and oftener if necessary, and authorizing him to inflict such fines and penalties upon offenders as he may deem just and proper, not exceeding the limits denned by law. The Mayor's salary to be $500 a year.
In February Council appropriated $1,000 to the Fire De partment, for the "purchase of a new fire engine, contingent on the raising of an equal amount by the citizens for the same purpose.
The Committee on Finance reported on the 13th of March : The city receipts from January 14th, 1848, to December 30th, were $25,086 39, and expenses $25,079 30, leaving a balance of $7 09. City owed about $35,000 exclusive of in terest, the principal items of which are loan account to John G. Winter $16,000 ; debt to State $3,500, [collection sus pended until 1850;] bonds issued for city bills $3,500; city bills outstanding $8,000. Of the.$7,500 of railroad tax asked for by the Muscogee Railroad Company only $1,366 53 had been collected.
By a fire on the 17th of February, the large two-story building on the northwest corner of Broad and Randolph streets waa burned. The building was occupied by Malone

36

COLORED CHURCH OK BAST COMMON'S.

& Hudson as a wholesale dry goods and grocery store ; by Mr. Simons as a provision store, and by Dr. Woodruff as an office.
Another fire occurred on the 3d of April. The stables of Messrs. Mustian & Mott, with a largo quantity of feed for their stock, were destroyed. They saved their horses, Stages, &c.
Robt. H. Greeno having resigned the office of City Treas urer, Hezckiah !Noble was in May elected to that position.
Council, on. the 14th and 26th. of May, adopted an ordi nance authorizing the issue of bonds to the amount of $150,000, in discharge of the subscription of stock to the Muscogee Railroad Company.
Wiley Williams "was in June elected an Alderman of the 5th Ward, vice Jjcwis C. Alien, resigned.
.The "Columbus Factory" Company was incorporated this year, the location of the Factory to be three or four miles above Columbus, on the river. Tlae leading corporators >vere Charles D. Stewart, J. Fontaine, J. R. Clapp, Henry D. Meigs and George Stewart.
Col. "Winter's flouring mills were completed and com menced grinding this year, and a contract was made for the building of Temperance Hall. The corner stone of the latter was laid on the 22d of December. The Masons, Odd Fellows, Sons of Temperance and Cadets took part. Prayer was offered by Rev. J. E. Dawson, of the Baptist Church. Judge GL E. Thomas delivered the address, and Rev. Dr. Cams, of the Episcopal Church, made the closing prayer. James Kavlin was chief marshal of the clay. Capt. P. T. Schley con ducted the laying of the stone according to the rites and customs of the Masonic fraternity.
The Rock Island Mill, a short distance above the city, on the river, commenced making paper this year.
Authority was given by Council this year, to the Trustees of the Methodist Episcopal Church of Columbus, to build a

INCIDENTS.

87

church for the negroes of that denomination on the east com mon. Opposition was made in Council, and an application by a property holder in that vicinity for an injunction to re strain it as a nuisance, "was refused by the Superior Court. The location selected was opposite the south corner of St. Clair and Mercer streets.
In September, after the failure of a proposition that the city should do the work, authority was given to Messrs. Greenwood, Ruse, Patten & Brice, H. S. Smith & Co., and R. M. Gunby, to "build a plank road from the warehouse of H. S. Smith & Co., to the city wharf, for the hauling of cotton, &c.
"We cannot find a full report of the deaths in the city for the whole year. The Sexton's reports for the months named show the following interments : May, eight whites and three blacks; June and July, thirteen whites and nine blacks; August, ten whites and ten blacks ; September, nine whites and three blacks ; October, nine whites and two blacks.
The receipts of cotton to the 7th of May amounted to 66,738 bales. We cannot find any report for the balance of the season. Prices opened in. January at 4J to 6 cents, which quotations were biit little varied during the spring. In Sep tember the quotations were 8J to 9^ cents, and in December 9 to 9J cents.
INCIDENTS. The gin factory of E. T. Taylor -was removed from Girard to Columbus. The steamer Viola, Captain Van Vcchten, sunk on her down-ward passage, at the head of Snake shoals, on February 16th.. Cargo saved ; boat, owned by commander, was a total loss. February 22d was celebrated by the Columbus and City Light Guards--the first commanded by Captain Porsyth, and the last by lieutenant Stanford, and the battalion by the senior Captain, A. II. Cooper. Splendid ball at Concert Hall at night.
Ex-President James K. Polk reached Columbus on March

88

EX-PRESIDENT POLK S VISIT----PERSONAL.

:

15th. A large crowd accompanied him from General Lowe's residence, in Harris county. He was conveyed into the city in a carriage drawn by four horses, preceded by a band of music. His wife and nieces followed in a carriage drawn by four gray horses. At the Court-house he was welcomed by Colonel Seaborn Jones, to which he briefly replied. After wards he was escorted to the residence of Judge Colquitt. Colonel Mangham, the proprietor, gave a big dinner at the Oglethorpe House with toasts and speeches. The ladies gave & supper in Council Chamber to Mrs. Polk and her nieces, Rain kept many away.
On Monday, May 28th, the steamboat Emily burst a boiler just as she was about leaving her wharf at Apalachicola-- only two or three revolutions of her -wheel had taken place. There was a full cargo and thirty-five persons on board. Wm. Magner, the watchman, and two negroes were scalded to death, and a white boy named Clark and two negroes were drowned. Several other persons were injured.
The first bale of new cotton was brought in on the 16th of August by Uobert Ivancy--quality, good middling--brought ten cents; stored with Greenwood & Gray.
Master W. Park, aged 16 years, son of the late Dr. Ezekiel E. Park, of Alabama, was killed September 15th, by the acci dental discharge of his gun, near Columbus.
PERSONAL.
Henry T. Hall was Chief Engineer of the Fire Department, and B. J. Matthews Assistant. James D. Johnson was Secre tary of Fire Company Ho. 1, and Richard Patten of Fire Company No. 2.
John Johnson, Lewis C. Alien, "Wiley Williams, Asa Pond and Kenneth McJCenzie were Trustees of the Asylum for the Poor.
Market stalls were rented this year to Mr. Schuyler, Philip Gittinger, Richard Robison ; Wm. R. Jones, and J. D. Arnold, leaving several stalls unrented. The aggregate rents for those rented were $209 a year.

r-

CBANB JUBIES FOR THE YEAR.

39

John Forsyth was Postmaster of Columbus' the first part of this year, and J. A. L. Lee for the balance of the year.
"Win. 1 F. Serrell was City Surveyor. Miles G. Pope was jailor of the county.
The county elected as Justices of the Inferior Court, A. G. Foster, J. Wimberly, S. R. Andrews, J, M. Renfroe and T. A. Brannon. Tax Receiver, D. J. Reese. Tax Collector, H. J. Smith.
The following Magistrates were chosen : J. E. Webster and Col. John Quinn for the Lower Town District, with Brown and Ligon as Bailiffs, and J. J. McKendree and J. L. Howell for the Upper Town District, with Lloyd and Nix, Bailiffs.
John Forsyth, Esq., retired from, the editorial control of the Columbus Times^ and was succeeded by Gen. James N". Bethune. The former had been editor of* the paper for seven years.
The Methodist Conference, at Augusta, assigned Lovick Pierce as Presiding Elder of the Columbus District., and Sam uel Anthony to the pastorate of St. Luke Church, and Harry II. McQueen to the colored charge.
The grand jury of the May Term "was composed of Kenneth HcKenzie, foreman, John Mulling, S. J. Platcher, John Jockmass, B C. Shorter, LeGrand S. Wright, Peter Farrar, J. P. Illges, A. L. Grant, J. J. McKendree, Michael Woodruff, B. S. Stockton, J. H. Kirvin, G. A. Norris, A. M. Walker, P. A. Clayton, D. F. Willcox, B. P. Spencer. Charles J. Williams was Solicitor General, E. J. Hardin, Clerk, and R. B. Alex ander, Judge.
The second panel of the Grand Jury of Muscogee County was composed of J. C. Cook, foreman, J. T. ISTiles, Ed. Birdsong, Benj. Jefferson, F. Toby, J. A. TJrquhart, L. S. Wright, Aaron Fergurson, Van Leonard, Asa Pond, Theobold How ard, E. C. Bowen, W. J. Ridgill, Asa Lynch, Daniel McArthur, W. E. Jones, J. K. Bedd, R. P. Spencer.

40

MARRIAGES.

JamiaryS--Robert L. Dent and Elizabeth Williams. Jan. 11, Hugh Peyton Robinson and Mary ErnelJne Garrett, Tliomas Berge and Sarah Bay. Jan. 18, James T. Flewellen, Esq., and Henrietta H. Fontaine, William Stephens and Sarah Ann Briley. Jan. 25, Elisha P. Grecr and Martha P. Baugh, "William H. Long and Mary A. Faulkenbury, Lemuel A. Green and Mary E. Bay. Jan. 27, Felix M. Harris and Martha Dunn. Jan. 28, William O. Nickleson and Martha E. Leggett.
February 4--SeptamtiB W. Dalton and Maria N. Odom. Feb. 5, Burton Bartwell and Harriet S. Peacock. Feb. 6, James B. Wells and C. A. M. Adams. Feb. 11, Loveless S. Gmn and Martha Elizabeth Henry. Feb. 18, John Pettiss and Elizabeth Bins. Feb. 28, James Vernoy and Mary E.

March 1--Robert B. Helmcs and Louisa J. Parrarnore. March 11, Henry Kent and Mary Ann Jones. March 2'.), Hugh ft. Ivoy andMargarct E. Hinton.
April 4--Geo. W. Richardson and Lucy L. Wood. April 10, Moses Land and Salina Huckaby. April 17, 'Dr. Jos. Jones and Cornelia O. Bethune.
May 1--Thos. Scliley and Eliza E. Greene. May S, John M. Whigham and Mary Ann S. Majors. May 9, Alexander A. Lowther and Mary C. Shaaf. May 10, John Williams and Naue-y J. Glawn. May 16, John W. Solomon and Elizabeth J. Covmgton. May 20, Jeremiah Culpepper and Elizabeth Itowell. May 23, Rhisa Jones and Lucinda Cobb. May 27, Lemuel Cherry, Esq., and Kmeline Gunn. May 29, John J. Hickey and Ann S. Prince. May 30, Francis M. Doles and Mary F. Jones.
June C----James G. Bourt, Esq., and Lucy Ann Spear. June 10, Daniel Fry and Clara Turner, Stephen Bedsale and Harriet Averett. Juno n, Ezekiel Cooper and Matilda Graves. June ir>, Jesso W. Alien and Frances Odom. June 1G, Win. H. Griswold and Caroline M. Andrews. June 21. William. Taylor and Tabitha McWaugliton. June 24, Francis Searls and Malviiia Terry.
July 8--William Hally and Ann Wood. July 15, Richard D. Sizemorc and Mary M. Itevel. July 25, William T. Sparks and Jane Morinan. July 28, Phillip Jacobs and Mary Jordan.
August 5--Henry B. Treadwell and Martha Holmes. Aug. 7, Enoch Dud ley and Martha D. Harris. Aug. I), James M. Cobb and Susan I. Cobb. Aug. 13, John A. Sutton and Rebecca Williams. Aug. 22, Perry E. Wimberly and Martha E. Christmas.
Sept. fl--Henry Boaii and Ann Worsham. Sept. 31, William E. Adams and Elizabeth A. Everett.
October 9--Samuel H. Wiley and Sarah E. Carnes. Oct. 18, Levi Smith and Mary Ann Spears. Oct. 28, John Dees and Nancy Price.
November 8--George Hungerford and Cornelia F. Pond., Dawson A. McEae and Lucy C. Turrontine, James Boland and Elizabeth Culpepper. Nov. 20, John H. Lee aud Sophronia E. Walker, Thomas A. Gammell and Mary Odom. Nov. 22, Thomas S. Hays and Margaret F. Robinson. Nov. 27, Lewis S. Mitcuell and Frances J. Daniel. Nov. 28, John A. Johnston arid Elizabeth

MARRIAGES----DEATHS.

41

A. Saul. Nov. 29, Samuel A. Whigham and Sarah A. Lawson, Charles P. King and Susan Brown.
December G--Bartlett W. Whitehurst and Nan^y A. Ennis, "William N. King and Mar;' A. Covingtoii, Neliemiah Stephens and EliTM McO sillers. Dec. 7, Lemuel T. Downing and Caroline E. TTrquhart. Dec. 9, James J. Todtl and Elizabeth Decker. Dee. 12, John Culborison and Elizabeth Simmons, Bilcy F. Ray and Frances P. Beler. Dec. 16'. William Shaw and Sarah V. C. Pope, William K. Searls and Sarah Scott. Dec. 17, Daniel. Griffin and Rebecca E. Monkoy. Dee? 20, Lafayette Harp and Gallic King. Dee. 24, David Henry and Sarah Williams. Dec. 2G, Hiram Uldrick and Matilda Green. Dec. 26, Jaeob%ussell and Mary J. Harrison. Dec. 31, Charles Williams and Amanda Payne.
DEATHS.
3?c-brnttry 4--Mrs. Frances E. Farrier, of Montgomery, Alabama. April :SO-- :vTiss Msirtha -lane Cox, of Troup county. May 21--Eva, iufant daughter of Col. Hiiies Holt; also, on the same day, Hines, infant son of Col. Holt. June 1G--Mrs. Mai-y A. E. Norton. June 17, P. T. Scliley, son of Dr. Win. K. Sehley of Columbus--kiUed by the explosion of a can of camphene, in Oxford, Ga. Only 2_._oiara Rosalia, daughter of Win. Perry. July 8, William Salisbury, aged -Hi years. July 11, Mrs. Eloise, wife of Tho.s. B. Gonldhig. July 14, John James Sullivan. July 2!5, Anna liosiua, infant daughter of Jacob Fogle. July 24, "William P. Malone, in the 48th year of his age. August If!---Mrs. Clara Meigs, widow of Prof. Josiah Meigs. October 11---1). B. Pi-escott, aged ii5 years. October 20, Mrs. Elizabeth Brown.

12, George W. r son of Charles "K. Minis. Nov. 25, Mrs. Elizabeth N. Daniel, wife of Wm. Daniel. Nov. 20, Georgo W. Hardwick, one of the proprietors of the Knguirer, in the 31st year of his age.

185O.
Progress of the Mobile and Girard JR. R.--A Quiet Year.
The follo^vving ofHccrs of the municipal government were elected on the 5th of January: Mayor, Willis S. Holatead. Aldermen--1st Ward, S. E1. Grimes and J. W- Warren; 2d,

42

REPOBT OF FUSTAISTCB COMMITTEE.

J. A. Urquhart and N. McEobinson; 3d, T. K. "Wynne and Theo. Stewart; 4th, E. C. Shorter and S. H. Andrews; 5th; F. M. Brooks and-Alex. Lowther; 6th, A. A. Dill and J. M. Tray wick. Treasurer, J. X. Ho well; Clerk, Calvin Stratton; Marshal, T. M. Hogan; Deputy, George Gullen. Salaries of Mayor and Clerk of Council were made $500 each ; Treasu rer, $600 ; Marshal and Deputy Marshal, $560 each; Clerk of Market, $150; City Physician, $350 ; ^Bridgckeeper, $600.
City Council elected the following: Clerk of Market, Thos. Nix; Sexton, Jeremiah, Terry; Bridge-keeper, Wrn. W.Mar tin ; City Physician, J. F. Bozeman ; Hospital-keeper, Burnet Ingram; Attorney, A. G. Foster. Health officers: W. Y. Barden and L. Livingston, 1st Ward ; E. A. Ware and S, A. Billing, 2d; Joseph Ivyle and M. Torrance, 3d; E. Dudley and W. Matthewson, 4th; W. C. Cooper and John Wooten, 5th ; T. E. Hcrrandyne and John Munn, 6th. Port Wardens: I. T. Eobinson, J. C. Brewer, J. W. Frost, J. M. Hughes and G. W. Cowdery.
The Finance Committee reported that the total receipts of the city treasury for the year 1849 were $22,675 53, and the total disbursements $22,159 49. They reported the total lia bilities of the city $22,724 (of which the larger item, $8,000, was an indebtedness to John G. Winter,) and the total re sources, including bridge tolls and taxes to be collected for the year, $22,140.
Some nuisances were not easily abated under the "peculiar and careful" tactics then Ttndorstood, as appears from the min iates of Council. In January, Alderman Brooks announced that a "house of ill fame" had been opened in the old Theatre building on Crawford street, "under the auspices and man agement of Mr. Jones," to the great annoyance of families in the neighborhood ; and he moved that a committee be ap pointed to incLuire into the facts and report. At a subse quent meeting the committee reported that "after a careful and laborious examination" they had satisfied themselves that "there was something decidedly rotten in Denmark; but

SPECIAL ELECTION.

43

from the peculiar and careful manner in which the implica ted party conduct themselves, it will be impossible to reach. the accused in the manner now pursued;" and the matter ap pears to have been dropped.
The Assessors appointed to value the city property report ed the total valuation $1,390,825, not including about $250,000 not taxed.
City taxes this year--on real estate, one-fourth of one per cent.; on every $100 worth of merchandise sold, 20 cents poll tax $1, &c. There was also an extra tax of one-fifth of one per cent, on all town property, one-twentieth of one per cent, on sales of merchandise, one-fourth of one per cent, on banks, &c., 25c. on polls, and one-eighth of one per cent, on slaves, to pay interest on railroad bonds.
The work of surveying for the track of the Mobile & Oirard Railroad was progressing this year. The Enquirer of the 2d of July reported one hundred and sixty miles of the route then surveyed by Engineer Cooper, accompanied by the President, Maj. K. S. Hardaway ; also that subscriptions ob tained along the route exceeded the most sanguine anticipa tions. The grading of the road for a distance of 150 miles from Girard had all been taken. [Not completed yet!] The officers of the Company were R. S. Hardaway, President ; W. B. Harris, Secretary; Gen. Anderson and James Abercombie of Russell, John Egerton of New Orleans, Win. A. Harda way of Mobile, and R. S. Hardaway of Columbus.
John Munn was elected an Alderman of "Ward 6, in the place of Aid. Traywick removed from the ward.
A special election was held on the 2d of November for a Marshal and two Aldermen to fill vacancies. N. Me. Robin son was elected Marshal, J. W. King Alderman for the 3rd Ward, and JEL H. Kpping Alderman for the 5th Ward. Eobt. A. Ware was elected an Alderman of 2d Ward in No vember, in place of Alderman Robinson elected Marshal.
The receipts of cotton up to the 15th of June amounted to 59,519 bales. Prices lOf to life.

44

INCIDENTS----PERSONAL.

The Rock Island Paper Mills commenced supplying the city press with newspaper about the first of this year.
The Sotithern Sentinel was started in January, by "Win, H. Chambers, Esq., to whom Dr. Andrews had sold the Demo crat. The JBnquirer and Times were the other city papers.
Cotton was quoted at 11 to 12|--c. in January, and declined a little during the spring.
The steamer II. S. Smith, with a cargo of one thousand bales of cotton, was entirely consumed by fire on the night of the 24th of jVTarch, at Fontaine's [Landing on the Chattahoochee. Gen. Irwiri was drowned m jumping overboard, and three ncgroca were cither drowned or burned.
An Agricultural Fair, that attracted much interest, was held in Columbus on the 20th, 21st and 22d of November.
Royal Wright, son of David "W right, Esq., was killed on the 23d of November, in a rencontre with a man named Kobinsoii. iiobin.son. was from Atlanta.
Cotton in December was quoted at 11 to 12c.
TKKSONAIj.
W. P. Baker, II, T. Hall, Dr. W. K. Schley, J. B. Strupper, L. "W. Wells, a,ud B. F. Colcmau were Fire "Wardens.
B, J. MaUiews was Chief Engineer, and A. Porter, Assist ant, of the Fire Department J. B. Strupper, Foreman of Co. 1, and J. H. Merry, Assistant; Pi. T. Hall, Foreman of No. 2, and L. T. "Woodruff, Assi.stant ; Thos. L. Earus, Foreman of No. 3, and Sam. W. King, Assistant.
On January 7th, the Muscogee Kailroad stockholders reelected as directors, Major J. H. Howard, !R. S. Hardaway, Dr. li. A. "Ware. Gen. S. A. Bailey, Judge B. B. Alexander, Harvey Hall and Major James Wimberly.
The County election came off January 7th, and resulted as follows ; F. A. Jepson, for Sheriff, by 26 majority over F. G. Wilkins ; E. J. Ilardin, Clerk Superior Court, by 29 over P. A. Olayton ; Isaac Mitchell, Clerk of Inferior Court, over Tillery and W, M. Kecves ; D. J. liees, Tax Eeceiver, over

MARRIAGES.

45

Fergursoii ; Noble, Tax Collector, over Kd wards ; J. B. Hicks, over Terry, for Coroner Serrell for Surveyor.
On Saturday, ITebruary 9th, Ales:. C. Morton was elected 2d Lieutenant, I. C. Chandler, 3rd, and U. D. S. Bell, 4th, of the City Light Guards. .A, PI. Cooper was Captain.
The Annual Georgia M. K. Conference was held at Mari etta, S. Anthony was appointed Presiding Elder of the ColumbuvS District, arid Liovick Pierce and Joseph S. Key at Columbus.
MARRIAGES.
January 1--Samuel D. Harp and Barali C. McCook. Jan. 3, Mason A. Bush and Charlotte Eedsole. Jan. 6, fcjhadriok Smith and Jano Walls. Jan. 8, John W. Patterson and Cornelia A. McMm-ray. Jan. '.), James Turuago and Elizabstk Hyatt, Nathan M. Briokhon so and Oecilia Bugg. Jan. 1O, William T. Lavreon and Susan A, Blnnkenship, John T. W: Coleman and Emily G-. Horn. Jan. 17, Samuel Baekmaa and Mary M. Tillcy, William T. Whitton and Penelope Elder. Jan. Id, Jamos linfcler tmd Elizabeth Screws. Jan. 23, -John LJgon and Mary E. Eid.enh.our. Jan. 24, Henry P. Fisher and Martha E. Fitner. Jan. 2,7, James Bailey and Emiiy Tip toil. Jan. 27, John 0. Maguh-t and Jane Masnoy. Jan. 30, Alexander M. Wynn and Maria C. Howard.
February --James H. Boxenian and Sarah A. E. Stanfield. Feb. G, Wm. J. Kelltt and .Emily Norman. Fob. .UJ, George S. Davis and Mary D. War ren. Feb. U, David Dean and Nancy A. G-lenu, Feb. 18, James A. Farley JUKI Sarah E. Hoxey. Feb. 10, Wm. II. Mnnro and Liraisa Cobb." Feb. 21, Levi Wlmtly and Mary A. Screws.
March :-l--Michael H. Dun- and Mary V. MoGfihce. Moroh 10, John W. O. Baily and Elizabeth Uenton. March 11, Wm. Yearty and Sarali I.ockliart. March 13, James II, Kenfroe and Elizabeth Croucli. March 17, Isaiah Willett and Sarah Maddox. March 2O, William F. Fineher and Mary Hyatt. March 24, Jonathan P. Cordery and Mary Rowell.
April 1--Kobei't Barker and Mary Hackney. April 2, William Gr. Beckwith, and Emma L. Hicks. Apr.il 3, Qeorge W. Woodruff and Virginia Lindsey. April 7, Asa Newsom and Nancy A. Chapman. April 14, Martin G. West and Sarah A. Morris. April 18, John Jewell and Martna Grdledge. April 24, John L. Terry and Julia A. L. Land. April 26', Charles W. Westmorland and Sarali F.. Burns.
May I--Timothy Markham and Nancy Ligon. Mny 3, Euoch Fnsseli and Mary E. Morgan. May 5, Frank L. Mason and Lucinda Sanders, George W. CJark and I,-urjms F. Ivey. May S, Henry J. Laraar and VaJdnn B. Jones. May 11, Newsom liandall and Penelope C. EatlifE. May 12, Jamos Wolch and Louisa Macldox. May 10, Hugh E,. Kodgers and Tabitha A. Miller. May 28, Oliver Danforfch and Emma A. Naglo, Joseph C. Brewer and Ellen

46

MARRIAGES.

A. Fleming, May 29, Benjamin F. Markrum and Sarah Ann Ennis. May 30, John W. Hewell and Soplironia E. Harp.
June 2--"William W. Morgan aud Luciuda Williams. June 6, Joseph King and Harriet E. Bell. June 13, Ambrose Nix and Mary J. Edwards. June 19, John Hughes and Ann B. Cox. June 20, Thomas Hunt and Mary Renfroe. June 23, John Jackson and Maria King.
July 3--James Ligon and Sarah A. Tommey, Samuel M. Garter and Emily L. Colquitt. July 7, Andrew J. McKenaie and Catharine Barbaree. July 11, Abraham Odom and Eliza A. English. July 12, John Newberry and Laney Robinson, July 13, Charles L. Geer and Matilda Hatcher. July 16, Lewis S. McCall and Ann Morris, Charles T. Cushman and Jane A. W. Shaw. July 18, Irving Watkins and Lucretia J. Napier. July 23, William Dubois and Elizabeth E. Craig. July 24, Geo. A. Christian and Salina Shofner, Ste phen B. Dean and Margaret L. Cunning. July 31, William Wooton and Betsey Stephens. July 4 r Tlios. I. Patrick and Elsey "Waters.
Angust 13--John M. Traywick and Minerva E. Thompson. Aug. 14, Ed ward S- Martin and Margaret J. Culpepper. Aug. 15, John K. Merritt and Susan Proctor. Aug. 18, William Tillery and Mary E. Waters, Charles J. Davenport and Martha A. E. Gibson. Aug. 21, Elias Sanders and Sarah A. Bartlett. Aug. 27, Walker P. Jones and Frances McNaughton.
September 1--Lewis Moody and Lucinda Langley, Thomas H. Beynolds and Mary F. Boring. Sept. 4, William M. Alien and Delilah Odom. Sept. 5, Orman Oliver and Nancy Willianison. Sept. 7, Obadiah Whittenton and Mary A. Newsom. Sept. 8, John T. Damill and Lucinda Ougle. Sept. 12, Andrew J. Ousley and Martha A. Jordan, Davit) G. W. Davis and Elizabeth P. Moss. Sept. 19, John C. Lewis and Martha Fletcher. Sept. 22, Jesse Wall and Susan Harvell. Sept. 23, Win. H. Sauls and Sarah J. Brown. Sept. 24, RIIJUS Carr and Gasoline Griffin. Sept. 2G, Joseph J. Painter and Kebecea J. Osborn, John Martin and Eleanor G. Wood.
October 3--William H. Hinson and Elizabeth A. Luker. Oct. 8, John G. Hortnian and Frances Kees. Oct. i), Abner H. Flewellen and Sarah E. Hardaway. Oct. 15, Henry Rees and Pallentme Ivey. Oct. 1G, Isaac C. Chandler and Sarah M. Thomas, John Brittenham and Lucinda Dennis. Oct. 17, Richard Williams and llachel A. Bodgers. Oct. 20, John Flynn and Sarepta Helms. Oct. 23, Richard H. Lockhart and Arabella J. Howard. Oct. 24, Christopher C. Morgan and Adaiine Culpepper. Oct. 2G, Thomas W. Peddy and Elizabeth Maynor. Oct. 31, John L. Parker and Nancy K. Edwards.
November S--Mijamon Moon and Sarah A. G. Paul, Thomas M. Towler and Sarah E. Boland. Nov. 7, Joseph McCall and Mary Drenon. Nov. 10, George W. Cobb and Mary Berry. ^ 13, William Welch and Catharine Nelson. 14, John Byard and Sarah Cooper. 23, Walter C. Manning and Rebecca M. Shellman. 27, James W, Warren and Sarah V. Howard, Wiley Adams and Sarah A. E. Tooke,
December u--Presley Tillery and Lucinda Diikes, S. M, J. Wimberly and Mary A. Pickett. Dec. 11, Daniel B. Bird and Mary V. Butt. Dec. 12, Win.

DEATHS.

-

47

B. Willis and Liicinda J. MeLendon. Dec. 13, Matthias Barringer and Sarah. Pryor. Doc. 15, Samuel J. Flemming and Eliza Culpepper. Dec. 18, Grisham Scroggins and Mary A, E, Daukins, William P. Anbry and liosa M. Forsyth, David H. Wynn and Mary F. Dennis. Dec. 23, George S. Gary and Margaret S. Thweatt. Dec. 24, Drewery Pate and Martha Ivey. Dec. 29, Jonathan Cordery and Angelina Wall. Dec. 30, Michael L. "Walters and Haner A. M. Webb.
SEXTON'S REPORT OF DEATHS.
Jamiary 2--Mr. Benson, aged 40 years ; 4, child of John Kelly; 4, Frances A. Duffie, aged, 40; 9, Sarah Ann Holt, aged 29 ; 10, Elizabeth Sanders, aged (i2; 12, Wm. H- Ayer, aged 1O ; 15, Rudolph H, Ayer, 12 ; 15, child of Mr. Gammel; 20, Patrick G-ellen, aged 13; 31, George W. Tnrrentine ; 31, Hon. "Win. Griggs. Also 5 negroes in January.
(We find no report for February.) March 6--Peggy Dodson, aged 50 ; 9, Ann Murdock, aged 30 ; 16, John Schaeffer, aged 40. Also 3 negroes in this month. April 1--John "Williams, aged 30 years ; 2, child of Mrs. Moore ; G, Richard Tarborough, 43 ; 8, child of M. Stephens ; 9, Wm. Tarbutton, aged 40 ; 10, child of Mr. Mariner ; 19, child of Mr. McElrath, aged 1 ; 25, Amartda Byard, aged 25 ; 29, Elizabeth Hall, aged 45. Also 6 negroes in this month. May 5--Child of C. Wise, aged 5 months; 5, child of Mr. King, aged 1 year; 6, Abraham Clark, aged 5 ; G, child of Mrs. Hooper ; 8, child of O. Andersen, aged 1; 9, Abram Curry, aged fi7 ; 9, Benj. Sutton, aged 20 ; 22, Ellen Mobley, aged 20 ; 20, Susan Kent, aged 49 ; 30, child of Mrs. Hooper, aged 10. Also 4 negroes in this mouth.
DEATHS.
(pEOM THE NEWSPAPERS.)
May IS--Mrs. M. F. Weems, wife of Locke Wcerns. June 5--Mrs. Kimbrough, wife of Win. H. Kinibrough. June 6, Mrs. E. A. Bilhips. June 24, Mary Jane, infant daughter of E. H. Musgrove. July 10--Mrs. Eleanor M. S. Ector. July 11, Mary Elizabeth, infant child of Peter K. Edgar, July 14, Thos. Bostwick, aged 80 years. August--Wm. B. Christian. August 9, Mrs, Harriet, wife of Peter K. Edgar. September 7--Patrick Tiervey, aged 24. Sept. 10, John M. S. Brooks, aged 24. Sept. 10, (at Savannah) Nelson McLester, of Columbus. Sept. -- David M. Clarke. Sept. 22, Mrs. Sarah A., wife of H. S. Smith. Sept. 23, Willis M. Beeves. October. 11--Cosam Emir Bartlett, aged 57 years (formerly editor of a Co lumbus paper.) Oct. 22, Mathew Brannon. November 12--Miss Julia H. Pledge, in the loth year of her age. Nov. 27, Mrs. E. A. liedd, wife of Win. Redd, Sr. December 13--Philip, infant son of Thos. Schley. Dec. --.John Neuffer, aged 79. Dec. 30, William Holtzclaw.

48

BEPORT OF FLNAKTCE COMMITTEE.

1851.
Wafer Works Agitated--Subscript-ion to Mobile & Grirard R. JR.
The city officers elected on the first Saturday in January "were WilHs S. Hoi stead, M;iyor ; Aldermen--1st Ward, Thomas B. Slado and Lewis M. Durr ; 2d, John A. Urquahart and R. A. Ware ; 3rd, John H. Madden ; 4th, Samuel R. Andrews and John M. Trawick ; 5th, A. A. Lowther and Wm. Mahaffey ; 6th, A. A. Dill. Subsequently, Wm. Matliewson was elected an Alderman of the 6th. Ward, and J. W. King of the 3rd Ward. Calvin Stratton was elected Clerk; Jordan L. Howell, Treasurer; N. Me. Robinson, Marshal; George Gullen, Deputy Marshal.
Council elected Thos. Nix, Clerk of the Market ; Wm. W. Martin, Bridge Keeper ; Dr. F. A. Stanford, City Physician; Burnet Ingram, Hospital Keeper ; Adam G. Foster, City At torney ; Jere Terry, Sexton. Health officers--John TCyle, J. 1\ Bozeman, Mansfield Torrence, Thad. Sturgis, M. Wood ruff, J. W. Frost, Wrn. C. Cooper, J. L. Morton, John Munn, Michael 1ST. Clark. Port Wardens--Thos. M. Hogan, F. G. Wilkins, R. C. Shorter, J. C. Brewer, James McGuirc.
A. Porter was Chief Engineer of the Fire 'Department, and J. L. Morton Assistant; J. B. Strnppei', Foreman, and Wm. Snow, Assistant of No. 1; H. T. Hall, Foreman, and J. Barrenger, Assistant of No. 2 ; T. P. Larus, Foreman, and W. L. Salisbury, Assistant of No. 3. Fire Company No. 1 num bered 61 men ; No. 2, 38 men ; No. 3, 24 men. Each had an engine.
The Finance Committee in April reported the total liabili ties of the city, $25,175, and the probable revenue of the year, ^23,475.
Reuben G. Shorter was in April elected an Alderman of the 4th Ward, in the place of Alderman Trawick, removed from the city; and Wm. Brooks elected in May an Alder man of the 6th Ward, vice Alderman Dill, removed.

WATER WORKS.

49

At its meeting on the 12th of July, Council granted to the manufacturing companies and sundry citizens, petitioners, authority to erect a foot bridge across the river, opposite the Howard Factory, but reconsidered and rejected it at another meeting. This project was never consummated, and in a few years afterwards what is known, as the "upper bridge" was built near the locality named.
The population of Columbus, according to the United States census taken this year, was--free 3,684, slave, 2,258-- total, 5,942. The whole population of Muscogee county was 18,623, of which 10,447 were whites, and 8,176 slaves. The amount of capital then, invested in manufactures "was $841,517, of which there "was invested in the manufacture of cot ton and wool, $493,000.
On the 26th of July a committee of Council reported upon the practicability of supplying the city with a sufficiency of pure and wholesome water. They reported that they had, "for reasons deemed sufficient," abandoned all the plans pro posed except one, which was the iiitroduction. of -water from neighboring springs by pipes. They submitted a report from Engineer L. "W. Dubois, to the effect that water enough, and of good quality, could be obtained from springs on the Summerville heights, on the Alabama side. But the committee did not recommend this, for the reason that the sources of the supply were in " another jurisdiction." Council appointed a committee to ascertain whether and on what terms the water on the Alabama side could be had for tlie use of the city.
In October the committee reported other surveys and esti mates made by Mr. Dubois--one for bringing the water of the river from Lover's Leap, the other for bringing it from Wynn's Hill, The cost of bringing the water to the city from Lover's Leap was estimated at $28,282 06, from "Wynn's Hill S32,668 75 ; works at the city for the former $25,842 92, for the latter $30,937 35.
"Wm. Mahaffey was elected Marshal in October. At a public meeting held on the 4th of November, the citi-

60

INCIDENTS.

zens voted authority to the Council to subscribe $150,000 to the stock of the Girard Railroad Co., on the assurance that with, this subscription to buy rails, &c. T the road would be promptly put into running order as far as Chunnenuggee; and on the 5th of November Council appointed a committee to confer with the Directors of the road and arrange all the details of the subscription. On the 25th of November, the committee reported an agreement with the Directors of the road which Council unanimously ratified. The Council reserved the right to connect with the road by means of a bridge across the river, and to have the trains of the road run across it.
Theopholis Stewart of the 3rd, and John Lloyd of the 5th Ward, were elected Aldermen in November.
!Large private subscriptions for plank roads to Greenville and to Lumpkin were made by citizens this fall. But Coun cil, while admitting the importance of these roads, declined to take stock, on account of existing indebtedness.
On the 9th of December, Council resolved to loan the Muscogee Railroad $75,000 of the city's bonds, taking a mortgage on the road as security.
On the 31st of December, trains commenced running over twenty miles of the Muscogeo Railroad, then finished, from the Columbus terminus. Connecting stages ran to Oglethorpe and to Barnesville.

INCIDENTS.
Temperance Hall was "dedicated" on the night of the 8th of January, with interesting ceremonies. "Uncle Dabney Jones," the great apostle of Temperance, delivered an ad dress.
Milton Robbing this year established a ropewalk in Girard. The postoffice was this year removed to the large brick "building corner of Randolph and Oglethorpe streets, where it remained "until the building "was destroyed by fire. An engine was placed on the Columbus end of the Muscogee Railroad in April, but the road had not then been finish-

p

HAHRIAGES.

.

51

ed to Fort "Valley. The ladies aided, but -we have not found ; to what extent, in raising the money for the purchase of this
' engine, by a fair held in. March. , A great revival of religion was manifested in the city this
year. Meetings were continued for a month or six weeks at the Methodist church, and more than two hundred persons professed religion. i An Agricultural Fair held in Temperance Hall in Novem1 ber was pronounced quite a success.
The receipts of cotton to the 21st of June amounted to 55,659 bales. Prices--in January, 11 to 12 J c. ; in April, 7 to lOc.; in October, 6 to 6J-C.; in December, 6J- to 7^c.

PERSONAL.
i H. jSToble was Tax Collector, and James Eergurson Tax Receiver of Muscogee county. The Georgia M. E. Conference, which met in Savannah, sent Rev. "W. M. Crumley to Columbus, and appointed liev. S. Anthony, Presiding Elder of the Columbus District. Eev. T. Sermingham was the Catholic Priest at Columbus. The following persons rented stalls in the Market this year:
; Wm. B,. Jones, P. Gittinger, Arnold & llobertson, E. B. W. * Spivey, Kichard Eobertson, Charles Bize, Alex. W. Bobert-
son. The aggregate amount which they rented for was $237 50.
MARRIAGES.
January 1--Leonard R. Cooley and Julia A. Henly. Jan. 2, "YVesley P. | Williams and Mary A. Chapman, George, S. Martin and Elizabeth Gaminell.
Jan. 3, James P. Russell and Margaret Rowell, "William Wilkinson and Mary A. Cordery. Jan. 7, Pleasant Odom and Elizabeth McKenzie. Jan. 8, Jesse H. "Wyatt and Emily Kentfroe. Jan. 5), Elisha A. Jackson and Frances E. Morris, John W. Watkias and Eliza A. Mussey. Jan. 11, Daniel Wiliinson and Elizabeth Browning, Jewse T. Sutton and Caroline Ostoen. Jan. 23, Ed ward H. Bernhavd and Ann K. Hemphill, Wrighfc McCook and Ruhama Harp. Jan. 29, William M. Maxley and. Emily M. Beck. Jan. 30, David Jones and Kebecea A. Newberry.
February 6--James F. Bozeman and Evaline A. Chambers, Feb. 11, John W. Payne and Lurany Jones. Feb. 16, "VValton Doles and Sarah Buckler. Feb. 18, John Bunneli and Louisiana J. Osteeu.

52

MARRIAGES.

March 6--William J. Wright and Martha Simrnone. March 13, Elijah Morgan and Sophy A. F. Lanier. March. 2O, Amos R,. Nelson and Sarah J. Willett, Green J. Maim and Susan Ann Kifco, James Boimer and Martha A. Smith. - March 25, George W. Lovett and Sarah Brassill, dark P. Larder snd Sarah P. Chapman. March 2G, Jacob Hydrick and Martha Bugg.
April 1--Gilbert Kent and Sarah Lawrence. April 15, William 3. Harrell and Harriet Cordery. April 16, John T. Pry and Epey A. Bush. April 20, Jamas M. Cobb aiid Isabella Lee. April 24, Benjamin. Brown and Janet Stephens. April 29, Thomas E. Motley and Harriet Moore.
May d--Jacob H. Eaulkenbury and Artamesia A. Stephens. May G, Lycurgus Mwdox and Sarah A. Kent. May 8, William Jones and Martha A. Stephens, John H. Glantoii and .Elizabeth Welch. May 13, Burney Barueti and Sarah E. MituhulL May 14, Milledge G. McKeimie and Louisiana F. Warren. Mtiy 22, Elijah Tickers and Ariadua A. Evans, May 25, Milton A, Smith and Henrietta H. Goulding. May 27, Everard H. Abercombie aud Pauline Lewis. May 28, Robert H. Sullivan and Mahulda Jordan. May 31, William M. Hale and Harriet Welch.
June 1-- -John CUirk and Mary A. Alford, Edward F. Rogers and Isabella Mann. June 5, G-eorgo W. Fisher and Frances A. Wimberly. June 11, James Caulfield and Elizabeth Locklier. June 12, Thomas Suimnergill and Mary McCalHster. June 19, Thomas J. Brown and Eranc^s Bowou. June 22, Alexander Hall and Lncinda George. June 25, Lyman B. Townsloy and Mary J. Peabody. June 2G, James B. McDonald and Mary J. McNeaL
July l--Jeremiah GammRll and Arabella A. A. Reynolds. July 3, Neil MeMillen and Rhoda A. Moon, George Stem and Mary Blankenship, Simoon Weldon and N^ncy J. Taylor. July 5, John J. Ingram and Julia A. Perry. July 8, Jacob Neagle and Mary Madden. July 12, Eli Erost and Francos Gofin. July I,1), Benjamin E. GraveH and Sarah II. Sauls. July 21. James H. McMicken and Nancy Copolaiid. July 22, Edwin G. Thornton and Martha F. B. Jones.
August (i--Henry W. VerstiUe and Ellen J. Lockhart, Anthony Martin and Frances Alluni, Andrew Gaskey and Julia Algood, August 7, John W. King and Mary J. Kimbrough. August 14, Jobn J. Goliins and Eebecca Kerbo. August 17, William W. Stewart and Susan J. Roberta. August 21, Isham Turner and Mary J. Jemison. August 21, William M. Taylor and Sarah J. Eobinson.
September 7--Seaborn Bryant and Frances Garrett. Sept. 11, Samuel P. Leggett and Martha A. Johnson, Washington Watkins and Mary A. WThitlon. Sept. 16, Eugene A. Smith and Frances A. Reese. Stipt. 17, H. H. McQuten and Mary E. Rudledge. Sept. 22, James L\ Britt and Mary A. Pomeroy. Sept. 25, William II. Harris and Sarah A. King, William O. Daniel and Cor nelia M. Phelps. Sept. 30, Joseph J. Jones and Caroline E. Lloyd, Thomas D- Eorisoix and Georgia E. Mealing.
-October 2--James T. Norman and Mary E. Dean. October S, William R. Brown and Mariah E. Broadnax. Oct. 'J, Adolphus IX Metts and Mary Ball.

DEATHS.

53

Oct. 1/s George T. Hurt and Nancy J. Flewellen. Oct. Ifi, James O. A. Tucker and Martha E. Dyer. Oct. 23, Elisha F. Garrett and Elizabeth HRobinson. Oct. 27, Daniel G. Watson and'Evaliue Keiner. Oct. 81, Joan W. Mardis and Susan J. Smith.
November 3--William Boyd and Maimlda MeGowcn. November 6, Benja min A. FussiU and Sidney A. F. Osteen. November 9, Green S. Childs and Frances A. N,",picr, John H. Walsingham and Eliza A. O'Quin. November 16, John W. Whytal and Charlotte A. Kidder. November 25, Isaiah Willett and Sarah Clark. November 27, James N. Fussell and Zilpha L. Hall, Benjamin Byans and Celia A. Tinnon. Nov. 30, Went worth S. Marble and Hannah E. Chase.
December 2--Thos. Dnffield and Amanda Johnson, James A. Bell and Car oline E. Brown. December 3, Arnold Scale and Eleanor A. Reid. Decem ber 4, William J. Chapman and Sarah J. Tinnon, Benjamin F. Wallace and Cynthia A, E. Morrell. December 7, John Ward and Mary S. Gary, William T. Webster and Sarah A. Wiggins. December 11, David Jones and Henri etta Tarver, John B. Jones and Creeoy A. Cobb, James Pierce and Eliza Gil bert, Richard E. Jones and Elizabeth Jones. December 14, Franeis J. Abbott and Martha G. Garrison. December 18. Sanders E. Echols and Martha E. Perry. December 19, Robert Johnson and Ann M. Sinclair. De cember 21, William Waters and Margaret A. Hunter. December 28, James. J. W. Biggeru and Caroline E. Williams, Horace Mathews and Elizabeth Dennis. December 25, Robert Knowlen and Martha J. Hammock, Thomas Reynold's and Nancy F. Reynolds.
SEXTONS REPORT OF DEATHS.
January 3- -Jesse King, aged 51 years. Jan. 3, James Welch, 49 years. Jan. 5, Alex. Flewellen, 8 years. Jan. 10, T. Smith's child, 1 year. Jan. 10, i H. Hall's child, 1 year. Jan. 13, George Sherwood, 36 years. Jan. 18, Per* ry Eobison, 21 years. Jan. 25, Thomas Lee, 26 years. Jan. 2fj, Mrs. Adou, (58 years. Jan. 30, Sarah Barringer, 28 years. Also 3 negroes in January.
February 4--Jane L. Marks, aged 64 years. Feb. 10, child of Mr. Harp, aged 1 day. Feb. 12, child of Win. F. Tjrtckie, aged 8 months. Feb. 13, child of Mr. Newberry, 5 months. Feb. 15, Robert B. Alexander, 40 years. Feb. 21, Eliza Robmson, 31 years. Feb. 22, Wm. E. Ilobinscm, 37 years. Feb. 28, Martha Minis, 74 years.
March 9--Mary Ann Corry, 62 years. March 9, Martin J. Kendrick, 22 years. March 11, Bridget Hudson, 41 years. March 14, Patrick Clark, 48 . years. Mareh 15, Wm. Brown, 52 years. March 16, Caroline Stein, 2G years. March 16, James Osborn, 56 years. March 22, Joseph Meredith, 51 years. March 24, Emeline Crews, Iri years. March 24, Thomas MoCarty, 53 years.
April 1---Caroline Burton, 38 years ; -----Chapman, 9 years ; George C. Hooper, 41 years. April 4, Wiley G. Roper, 41 years; Sarah WiHett, 17 years. April 5, John Winn, 51 years. April 7, child of Col. Wyley, 2 years. April 8, James Shaw, 52 years ; John Brooks, 6 years. April 12, Matilda Packman, 19 years. April 13, Mary Hammock. 19 years. April 18, John C.
5

54

DEATHS.

Leitner, 39 years ; child of Mrs. Packman, aged 7 days. April 22, child of John Brown, 1 year. April 24, child of Mr. King, 7 days. April 25, child of Sterling F. Grimes, 10 days. -April 28, child of Thos. Her.en.dia.e, 2 years; child of Samantha George, S years ; child of Mr. Bobitt, 1 year. April 29, child of Mr. Willctt, 1 year. April SO, Solomon Curlee, 8 years. Also 7 slaves in February, and 4 in March.
May 16--child of George "W. Winter, aged 5 months. May 20, Benjamin Napier, 6 years. May 21, child of Henry Teasdale, 1 year. May 25, child of S. B. Harvill, 1 year ; child of W. T. Golquitt, 1 year. May 27, Jennetts Veaneman, 6 years. May 30, Parinelia Wilkins, 3f> years. Also 6 slaves in May.
June 3--Jane Bnsbee, aged 26 years. June 13, cmlcl of R. Hooper, 2 years. June 14, Isabella Holly, 17 years. Juno 15, --------- Hit-key, 35 yeurs. June 23, Richard A. I-iong, 31 years. June 24, child of John Byard, B weeks. June 30, James Bishop, 26 years. Also 1O slaves in June.
July 1--Miss Jackson, aged 51 years. July 4, child of Mr. Renfroe, 1 month. July 9, child of Mr. Burbee, 2 years. July 35, Sarah A. Biley, 26 years. July 18, James Bryant, 17 years. July 22, child of A. Backer, I year. July 23, Clara Hamill, 15 years. July 26, Stephen Gilpin, 18 years. July 30, Henry Madden, 33 years. Also 6 slaves iu July.
August 2--Templeton Reid, aged 05 years. Aug. 5, child of Mr. Uobison, 1 year. Aug. B, H. C. Anderson, 35 years. Aug. 14, Sarah No!<,n, 29 years. Aug. 19, child of Mr. Fairchild, 3 years. Aug. 20, Nancy McCnrty, 57 years. Aug. 21, child of P. Adams, 3 months. Aug. 22, child of J. E. Webster, 1 year. Aug. 23, Jacob Seisnmnd, 41 years. Ang- 24, Mary Long, 31 years. Aug. 25, P. N. Jcrnigan, 25 years. Aug. 29, Jere. Gollins, 63 years. Aug. 31, child of Mr. Napier, --. Also 7 slaves in Aa^ust.
September 6--Esau Pike, aged i30 years. S-jpt. 12, Joseph Frost, 24 years. Sept. 14, John Gunn, 4 years. Sept. 15, Sarah Holly, 52 years. Sept. 20, child of H. Smith, 2 years. Sept. 22, Charles Williams, 12 years; Gilbert Clark, 50 years. Sept. 23, K- McEobinson, 41 years. Sept. 26, James Den nis, --. Sept. 27, Lovick Switzer, 21 years. Sept. 30, Emelme Jordan, 24 years. Also 3 slaves in September.
Here the official record ends, and we can only repu"blisli such obituary notices as we find in the newspapers:
Oct. 12--Samuel J. Crow, aged about 37 years. Nov. S--Mrs. Martha Ann Davis, wife of John H. Davis. Nov. 24--Robert M., son of Thomas J, Shivers, Nov. 27--Theobold Howard, aged 48 years. Dec. 26--Richard T. Brice, aged 39 years.

CITY COUNCIL AND NEQBO MARTS.
1852.
Opelika Branch Railroad--Gas Light Company Formed,
J. L. Morton, Wiley Williams, R. M. Gunby and M. 1ST. Clark were candidates for Mayor at the January election, and the vote stood--Morton 235, Williams 188, Gunby 162, Clark 25. The Aldermen elect "were: 1st "Ward, Lewis M. Durr and Thos. B. Slade; 2d, Dr. A. I. Kobison and Wm. Perry; 3d, Dr. T. Stewart and Thos. M. Hogan ; 4th, B. C. Shorter and John Qnin; 5th, A. A. Lowther and H. H: Epping; 6th, Win. Matheson (and Thos. K. Herndine was afterwards elected.) James M. Hughes was elected Marshal; A. M. Robertson, Deputy Marshal; Calvin Stratton, Clerk; and Jordan L. Howell, Treasxirer.
Council, at its first meeting, elected Beverly A. Thornton City Attorney; Jere Terry, Sexton; Thos. ISTix, Clerk of the Market; AYm. W. Martin, Bridge-keeper ; B. Ingram, Hospi tal keeper. The following gentlemen were elected Health Officers: Dr. Thos. Hoxey, J. L. Barringer, Jos. Kyle, Jas. H. Everett, Wm. Danerly, George Pitts, Charles Wise, Wm. C. Cooper, Isaac Mitchell, Wm. Brooks.
Dr. J. B. Hoxey was elected City Physician; and the fol lowing gentlemen Port Wardens: E. G. Wilkins, John C. Calhoun, A. K. Ayer, Edward Birdsong, Jarnes McGuire.
The Eire Wardens for this year -were--J. A. Deblois, H. T. Hall, John H. Madden, J. B. Strupper, P. Adams, Ezekiel Davis.
Quite a flurry was created in Council, in January, on the subject of repealing the ordinance of 1851 which located and regulated the negro marts of the city. Council refused to lay on the table an ordinance amending the ordinance of 1851; whereupon Aldermen Slade, Durr, Lowther, Stewart and Slaughter tendered their resignations, "which Council refused to accept. But these Aldermen retired, and at an election

56

OPELIKA BBANCH KOAD.

held on the 4th of February, Messrs. Win. C. Gray, Win. Y. Barden, Richard P. Spencer, George W. Lively and Wm. Williamson were elected in their places. [The fair presump tion is that the amendatory ordinance was passed, but the record does not show it. It allowed the negro traders to bring their slaves into the city for sale in the day-time, but required them to be kept on the South Common at night.]
Wm. Brooks was in February elected an Alderman of the 6th ward, in the place of Aid. Matheson, resigned.
The appraisers appointed by Council reported the valuation of real estate $1,516,970, showing a small but steady increase for several years. The city debt at that time amounted to $8,200, besides some unpaid railroad subscriptions. The receipts from all sources were about $27,500, and the ex penses, with Muscogee Railroad interest, about $24,000.
The Enquirer of April 20th indulged in fond anticipations of the growth and prosperity of Columbus as soon as the pro gressing railroads afforded better facilities for commerce. The article stated that almost all the dry goods then consumed in this section were wagoned from Macon at heavy expense; but that when the Muscogee Railroad was finished, such goods could be sold in Columbus as cheap as at Macon or Savannah. It looked also for a great increase of trade from the Girard Railroad, and urged the importance of construct ing plank roads or some other improvements to facilitate trade with the counties north and south of Columbus.
Col. John G. Winter's Bank of St. Marys suspended specie payments on the 23d of April. The circulation was stated to be about $350,000.
The cars on the Muscogee Railroad commenced running 25 miles on the 18th of May.
The first substantial movement towards the building of the Opelika Branch Road, of which we find any mention, was a proposition by the city of Savannah, in May of this year, to loan the credit of that city to the amount of $100,000 in aid of the enterprise. Curiously, the Enquirer regarded it

GAS COMPANT OBGANIZED.

57

witli suspicion--as a move in opposition to the Girard road. Tiiis subject was warmly discussed on both sides through the columns of the city press. Several meetings of citizens were held to consider the policy of a city subscription of $50,000, and finally a poll was opened, when the citizens, on the 12th of June, voted in favor of a conditional subscription. The vote stood--for a subscription, provided other parties sub scribe a like amount of $50,000, and that the road cross the river, 192 ; for subscription unconditionally, 52; no subscrip tion, So. The Times advocated the road and the subscription.
Jos. S. Pruden was in July elected an Alderman of the 4th Ward, vice Alderman Epping, resigned.
The total population of Muscogee county this year was 18,750.
A committee of Council this summer made a contract with Jonathan Bridges for boring an artesian well, but Council did not ratify the contract. The Times of November 9tH said of the water supply of the city:
We do not know a community that is so poorly supplied with this first necessity for health, comfort and cleanliness (water) as Columbus. There ' are many families in the city who have no regular and certain source from which to derive their daily supplies of this precious element, and whose servants are actually obliged, at every turn of the water-bucket, to go forth on a foraging expedition in search of it. The water works are as good as used up. No attention is paid to the pipes furnishing the supply, and it is only occasionly that Rome half a dozen hydrants in very low localities, run. Those in more elevated positions are as dry as the miraculous rock before Moses touched it with his rod.
[This refers to a system of wood pipes and hydrants by which certain parties furnished citizens paying for it with water brought into portions of the city from "Leonard's Spring," about three miles from the city.]
A gas company, at the head of which was Mr. James Hoy, of Trenton, !N. J., made a proposition in November to light the city with gas. Council appropriated $10,000 to the cap ital stock of the company. The company was known as the "Columbus 0as Light Association." John Forsyth was chosen President, Henry T. Hall, Secretary, and Messrs. Dan-

58

A MINERAL SPRIKG DISCOVERED.

lei Griffin, Henry T. Hall, W. Gr. demons, John Forsyth and J. L. Morton, Directors.
INCIDENTS.
The Histrionics, a dramatic company composed of resident citizens, gave a number of very pleasant and creditable en tertainments this spring. On the evening of the 2nd of April they performed a national drama written by the gift ed Mrs. Caroline Lee Hentz, then of Columbus, which was pronounced a production of extraordinary merit, and receiv ed with much applause. It was entitled "Lamerah, or the Western Wild."
The Baptist State Convention met in Columbus in April-- Thomas Stocks, Esq., Moderator.
A "Citizen Merchant," writing in June, claimed that the Kagle Manufacturing Company were then making osnaburgs "superior to any in the world, being heavier and made out of better cotton"; also that the goods of this company "were sold quite as low, and in some cases lower, than the same quali ties of goods were sold in JSTew York.
The house of J. J. McKendree, Esq., at the upper end of Oglethorpe street, was consumed by nre on the morning of the 21st of June ; also a kitchen on the adjoining lot, of Mr, J. B. Wright.
The Times reported the discovery of a valuable mineral spring immediately on the river and under the bank, on the east side, four miles above the city. The water was repre sented as unusually clear and cool, and containing both iron and sulphur. As the Times said that the railroad about to be constructed to West Point would pass within twenty steps of the spring, perhaps our citizens of the present day will have no difficulty in finding it.
Another very creditable Agricultural and Horticultural Fair was held during the first "week in October. Council ap propriated $150 to aid it.
A two-story brick building owned by Messrs. Mott and Cleghorn, and occupied by Mr. S. C. Pryor as the "Exchange"

'

A DISASTROUS FLOOD.

59

bar and billiard room, was "burned on the 15th of November. An extraordinary and disastrous flood in the river occur
red on the 25th of November. During hard rains the river rose thirty feet, and "a section of the east wall of the reser voir extending from the Eagle Factory to the Palace Mills and Variety Works, gave "way under the pressure of water, and carried with it the flume of the Palace Mills and the bridge which connected the Variety Works with the shore." Fifteen men and a boy were in the Works at the time, and these were cut oft' from, the main land by a current which no boat could cross. The river was still rising at the rate of three feet an hour. After a number of unsuccessful efforts, communication was established by means of a light cord and weight at first, and then by ropes passed, connecting the second story of the Variety Works with a pile of rock: on shore. A basket was made to slide upon the ropes, drawn by cords, and in this frail convevance the people in the Va riety Works were taken from their perilous position to the land. Mayor J. L. Morton fell from a rock into the' river, swam thence to another rock, where he had to remain until communication was in^ike manner established with him and he was rescued. The damage done to all the factory busi ness was very great. The machinery in the Variety Works, the Palace Mills, and all the factories except the Coweta, which stood at the dam (now known as the old upper dam) was stopped. Four or five hundred operatives and their families were temporarily thrown out of employment.
The Female Orphan Asylum was destroyed by fire on the night of the 9th of December. But the citizens raised in a few hours a subscription of ij51,700 to rebuild it.
The 4th of Jnly was celebrated by the City Light Guards, the Kinggold Artillery, and the Fire Companies, by an ex cursion on the railroad, some 22 miles from the city. The declaration was read by Private Salisbury, and the oration. delivered by Thomas J. Nuckolls, Esq. The Columbus Guards went to Montgomery and had a fine time there.

60

PERSONAL.

The first bale of new cotton was received on the 20th of .August, from the plantation of Charles Fisher, Esq., of Mnseogee county. It was sold at 10 cents.
The third annual Fair of the Georgia and Alabama Agri cultural Society was held in Columbus on the 6th and 7th of October.
Five deaths occurred in the city during the first week in December, from cholera morbus caused "by eating bad oys ters. A report got out in the country that it was Asaitic cholera.
Up to the 15th of May, Columbus received 42,976 bales of cotton. Prices in January, 5|- to 7 cents ; in May, 6^ to 8J; in October, 8J to 9J cents.

The M. E. Church appointments for Columbus "were Eevs. W, Crumley, J. L. Pierce and T. H. Jordan. Rev. J. E. Evans was Presiding Elder of the District.
A. S- Rutherford was Sheriff; John Sturgis, Clerk of the Superior Court; A. P. Jones, Clerk of the Inferior Court; John Johnson, Ordinary ; H. Noble, Tax Collector ; Dan. J. Reese, Tax Receiver; J. B. Hicks, Coroner; and Philip Lamar, Couftty Surveyor of Muscogee county.
T. Xjomax, Esq., became one of the editors of the Southern Sentinel in February.
MARRIAGES. January 1--William Y. Harden and Eliza D. Jornigan, Francis G. Wilkins and Lueinda King. Jan. 4-, Benjamin A. Hearn and Mary Decker. Jan. 5, Willis H. Jones and Cynthia A. Pace. Jan. 11, James Oastleberry and Susan J. Cobb. Jan. 15, Nathaniel A. Deblois and Angelica L. Hard, Hannibal Harrold and Elizabeth R. Howell. Jan. 20, George H. Decker and Sarah Gibbs. Jan. 22, Isham Gallups and Charlotte T, Johnson, John. Itainsey and Pauline S. E. Bazemore. Jan. 25, Joshua Hutohins and Sarah A. Joins. Jan. 28, Thomas J. Cobb and Harriet A, Plannigan. February 1--Eldred A. Chatterton and Kachel Lewis. Feb. 2, William Kobinson and Georgia A. Kelly. Feb. 4, James Wliipple and Alwey "W. Mays. Feb. 5, Joel T, Scott and Navini J. Wood, Hervey M. Cleckley and Frances P. Schley. Feb. 11, Stephen. F. McG-eb.ee and Adalbae Brooming. Feb. 15, Henry Smith and Matilda Taylor. Feb. 24, John M. Jones and Cordelia A. Kidgeway,

MARBIAGES.

61

March 4--Madison T. Key and Amanda O. Jernigan, Auderson H. Holmes and Elizabeth G-arrett. March 18, Martin Duke and Felicia A. Phelps. March 19, John W. Suggs and Nancy M. Austin.
April fi--.William 13. Fausett and Nancy Oarlilc. April Ifi, Henry M. Mor ris and J'aiio K. Searls. April 21, Davis O\ven and Catharine E. Lestcrgett. April 22, William H. Cochran and Priscilla Crawford. April 29, Joseph A. He-well and Aquilla A. V. Dean, Henry Mangharn and Louisa Sompler.
May 4--Thomas J". Trammell atid Permclia E. Gunn, Benjamin F. Bay and Annetta J. Hall. May 5, George M. Lucas and Sarah P. E. Edwards. May 13, Alexander B. Huey and Susan A. Edwards. May 20, Henry Johnson and Irene S tan field. My 22, John H. Wcbb and Sarah E. Gordy.
June G--James W. Kolon and Martha A. Carter, William M. Lewis and Martha, A. Mason. May 10, Benjamin F. Newberry and Sarah J. Starku. June 20, John King and Elizabeth Brown. June 24, Lewis Scott and Mar tha A. Owen. June 30, Madison L. Pattorson and Augusta F. Banning.
July 1--"William M. Watts and Sarah F. Johnson, Charles Brady and Bosannali Foraii. July 4, Hugh Hall and Isabella A. Honn. July 10, Robert F. Pickron and Susan A. Wall. July 13, DtsWilt F. Willoox and Julia O. Games, Edward W. Brannon and Mary A. Crouch. July Ltt, Anthony F. Sodgei'S and Martha A. Bowcll. July 21, Lafayetto Walker and Elizabeth Stephens.
August 8--Hamilton Bolaiid and Evalincs Jones. Aug. 29, Andrew J. Floyd and Sarah V. Shippey. Aug. 31, James II. John and Elizabeth J. McGlaun.
September I--John C. Brooks and Permelia Castillo. Sept. 0, John Laman and Mary M. Eodgers. Sept. 23, Vincent L. Averett and Eosannah E. Stephens. Sept. 28, Samuel E. Whittsker and Henrietta Leonard.
October 4--EldridgeH. Calhonn and Ellen Blankenship. Oft. 5, Afift W. Chapman and Laura A. Ward. Oct. 13, Aimer C. Flewellen. and Sarah T. Shepherd. Oct. 1-f, Hoiiry S. Duffoo and Elizabeth M. Rus, Wootson Gooldsby and S'pay Johnson. Oct. 19. Cyrus A. Eoyston and Mary F. Galloway.
November 3--Jusse Goodwiu and Mary C. K. Johnson. Nov. 7, Joseph J. Shippey and Martha A. Hamar. Nov. !->, William E. Eryan and Elvira A. tt. Kandall, John E. Dtmnard. and America Atkinson, Jobn J. Oliver and Mary C. McGrady. Nov. 10, Simon Stern and Betty Heller. Nov. 11, James Burrays and Martha Putuani, Nov. 14, George "W. Cherry and Elizabeth Dean, John. N. Bragg and Harriet Watkins. Nov. 18, .David CJ-arris and Mary EobinRon. Nov. 29, Samuel Klein and Mina WoltV.
December 2 -Thomas B. Norvis and Bebeooa J. Cook. Dec. 5, Jeptha D. Wilkinsoii and Barbara A. Eeed. Dec. 7, Henry W. Wood and Mary E. Patteraon. Dec. 1O, James Thomas and Elizabeth Harper. Dec, 11, Benjamii / F. Nunnelee and Elizabeth Shippey. Bee. 15, Bassill M. Milton and J&iie Johnson, Thomas Hamar and Sarah J. Lokey. Dec. 19, James Eyre -J.nd Catharine Murphy. Dec. 21, Daniel Y. Morrell and Susannah Wallace, Wherry M. Cannon, and Belsy A. Nelson, Dec. 23, Francis A. Yarbrough

62

BEATHS.

and. Caroline Kodgers, Joseph. Dimon and. Sarah. M. Skinner, Henry L. Martin and Rosannah Stewart. Dec. 29, Benjamin F. Doles and Elizabeth J. Holeomb.
DEATHS.

January 4.--Cornelia Brickhouse; 6th, James Ivoy ; 7th, child of David Hudson ; 8, Miss Lewis ; 17, Mr. Herne ; 18, Elizabeth Callioun ; 22, child of Mr. Eaton ; 23, James Simpleman ; 25, Mr. Browning ; Elizabeth Eaton ; 31, George Kobison.
February n--Shadrack Sanders ; 6, Mary Wilson. ; 10, ------ Conoway ; 11, Thomas Maddox ; 13, child of John Clark ; 15, Xaiiey Loving ; 25, Mr. Pike ; 29, Esther Jepson.
July 1--James Savage ; 2, a child of Mr. Lewis ; 8, a child of Mr. Holley; 10, a child of Mr. Whitfclesey ; 14, John Vansant ; 17, child of Mrs. Crossman ; 20, child of J. Chisholm ; 21, James Hammock ; child of Mr. Lloyd ; 23, child of M. McGowen ; child of Mr. Van ; Patrick Sullivan ; child of Mrs. Tendall ; 2',), child of Mr. Nix.
August I--Child of Mr. Norris; 5, Jordan Newby; child of Sarah Sanders; 12, Henry Or umwell ; 13, J. F. Cliisolm ; 15, Mrs. Magner ; child of Mrs. Stubbleneld ; 17, John Lewis.
September 1--Child of Mrs. Fettis ; S, Ann McKenzie ; 9, child of Mrs. Hiatt ; child of Mrs. Hackrey ; 11, Miss Murphy ; Martha Faulkerj.berry ; 12, child of Sarah Sanders ; 2(5, Willis S. Cooper ; 27, Mrs. Webster ; child of Mr. Finchin ; 28, child of Mr. Webster ; child of Mrs. Stafford ; 30, John McCarty ; child of Mr. Garbin.

January -- (At Panama) G-eorge Chaliaers, of Columbus. March 4--Mrs. Sarah Vivian, wife of Jamos W. Warren. March -- James H. Scott. April 13--James T. Hives. May -- Mrs. Nancy Batigh. June -- K, A. Owens ; 18, Laura Winship, daughter of John K. Sturgis ; 19, Mrs. Frances Vivian Schley ; 25, Robert Parbam, infant son of O. V. Brown. October -- James L. Baugh; 15, Franklin Duncan ; Lucien Strain, in fant eon of II. II. Barrow ; 28, Miss Amantla F. A. Patrick,- 29, John B. Dawson.
November 17--(in Alabama) George W. Cowdery, of Columbus. December 11--Edgar Perry, son of Hines Holt ; Dr. John J. B. Hoxey.

WATEB WOEKS QUESTION.

63

1853.
Water "Works--Mobile and G-irard and Qpeliha, Railroads.
City officers elected on the first Saturday in January: J. L. Morton, Mayor; Aldermen--F. G. Wilkins, Wm. B. Robin son, Win. Perry, A. I. Robison, O. Danforth, T. M. Hogan, F. Jepson, George Pitts, Wm. Daniel, Win. Matheson, Win. Brooks. Clerk, Calvin Stratton ; Treasurer, J. L. Ho well; Marshal, James M. Huglies ; Deputy Marshal, A. M. Robin son. Council elected Edgar G~. Da,"wson, City Attorney; Wm. M. Bos worth, Clerk of the Market ; Jere Terry, Sex ton ; Dr. T. J. Brooks, City Physician ; Ephraim. C. Bandy, Bridge Keeper ; Burnet Ingram, Hospital ICeeper ; Joel T. Scott, Magazine Keeper ; E, Birdsong, J. C. Calhoun, J. S. Hil!, J. S. Ivey a^^d Lewis Livings-toil, Port Wardens; Willis Holstead, Wm. Y. Barden, Dr. T. Iloxey, J. K. Redd, J. M. Everett, W. G, Andrews, John Kyle, J. W. Frost, Wm. C. Cooper, Pat Adams, J. Scely and T. R. Herendine, Health Officers ; E. Barnard, H. T. Hall, Wm. Gesner, R. R. Goetchius, George H. Peabody and Thos. W. Kelly, Fire Wardens; Thomas Ragland, City Printer.
Wiley Williams was on the 8th of January elected an Al derman of the 5th Ward.
An ordinance authorizing the issue of bonds to pay the city's subscription of $150,000 to tlie Girard Railroad, was finally passed on the 26th of January.
Judge Iverson having, in January, proposed to sell to the city the water-works then supplying water from the neigh boring springs, a committee of Council made a report OD the extent and condition of these works, from which we copy the following:
That the franchise or privilege granted liy the Mayor and City Council r Columbus to the original proprietor, was for forty years, and made in l^1* it still has 32 years to run ; that the proprietors have a deed of the pr^ent spring or fountain tiead from Col. Seaborn Jones, which has 25 years tr2"1111 ;

64

WATER WOBES----REPORT OF COMMITTEE.

1

that.easment or parol licences have been obtained from the owners of the lands through which the pipes run ; that there is a written license from Col. John WoolfoLk, which is on record; that the distance from the spring, which IB commonly known as Leonard's Spring, to Broad street in the city is about three miles ; that there is a chain of pine logs of 3j inches calibre from the spring to Broad street, and lateral pipes of smaller dimensions in several other streets, making in all probably four miles. The first two miles, beginning at Leonard's Spring, is considered by your committee in good order : the balance of the pipes are in bad order and require repairing, but to what extent your committee has been unable to ascertain ; that the water flows freely through the first two miles, but is obstructed in the latter, and that therefore the supply reaching the city is limited and greatly less than the spring could afford. The spring (according to measurement by B. "\r. Iverson) discharges at the rate of 150 gallons per minute, making over 200,000 gallons per day--a supply which, if conducted to the city, would be sufficient for a population ton times larger than the present. At the present there is not probably one-fourth of the supply discharged into the pipes at the spring, from the imperfect condition of the works ; at, however, the outlay of f 10O, the whole of the water could be discharged into the pipes at the fountain head ; that more than three-quarters of the water that enters the pipes is lost on its way to the city ; that the number of hydrants hereto fore supplied has varied from 40 to 90 per annum, as the supply warranted ; at present the number in actual use is between 40 and 50. There is no doubt that if the supply of the water was constant and abundant, the num ber of hydrants would in a short time, probably within two years, reach 300 hydrants, at an average of SiSlO each, which would bring a revenue of $3,000 par annum.. There is no doubt that Leonard's Spring, the present fountain head, is not only the best, but the only source in the vicinity of the city from which a supply of good spring water can be obtained.
The Committee proposed the construction of a reservoir about one mile from the city, at some point below "Woolfolk's spring, into which the existing wooden, pipes would conduct the water from the spring, and a chain of iron pipes from this reservoir into the city--say of 6 inch caliber. They estimated the cost as follows : Purchase from the proprietors, $3,000 ; reservoirs and conductors at Leonard's, $100; res ervoir below Woolfolk's Spring, $75 ; cost of one rnile of iron pipes from last reservoir, $6,000--making in all $9,175. They estimated that a sufficient quantity of water could be "rought into the city a ad 300 hydrants be erected at an e-TDense which would not exceed $10,000. They recomIne-ded the acceptance of Judge Iverson's proposition.

SECOND SUBSCRIPTION TO MOBILE & GIKARP R. K. 65
Oil motion of Alderman Williams, Council authorized the Mayor to employ a competent engineer to make a survey of the route and report. It also instructed a committee to as certain at what price the fee simple title to the springs could be obtained. We do not find ariy report on these questions by the engineer, but a few weeks afterwards Judge Iverson asked for an extension of the privilege for supplying the city with, water, and the City Attorney was instructed to draw up a contract to that effect. The committee reported that the fee simple title to the springs could bo bought from Colonel Jones for $2,000. The report was laid on the table.
Charles T. Pollard, President of the Montgomery and West Point Railroad Company, in August, asked a modification of the restrictions imposed by the city in subscribing to the stock of the Opelika Branch. He asked the right of way across the raver and over the North Commons to a designated depot lot. A committee of Council reported against any con nection of the road with the Muscogee depot, and against granting a lot for a depot at the place asked, but proposed granting a lot on the North C<*rnmon north of Oglethorpe and Jackson streets. The committee reported a contract to this effect on the 26th of August, which Council adopted. The Railroad company was to pay for the lot or right of way by a certificate for 120 shares of stock in the road. Council subsequently reconsidered this a.ction,
A question of much, interest and controversy during the fall and winter of this year was a second subscription of $150,000 to the stock of the Girard Railroad (now called the Mobile & Girard Road.) The question had been submitted to a vote of the people, and decided, in favor of the subscription ; but its opponents in Council contended that the vote was so small that it could not be regarded as a certain expression of tb.e popular will. The}7" proposed to submit it again to th.3 people at the regular city election in. January. The support 1-ers of the subscription insisted that the funds were needed f^ once to procure iron for about 22 miles of the road bed thaen

66 .

INCIDENTS.

about ready, commencing at Girard. A condition of the subscription was that it should be expended on that part of the road between Girard and Union Springs. The ordinance authorizing the subscription was finally adopted in Novem ber. The Mayor entered a protest, and many motions to de lay or impose conditions were made in Council.
INCIDENTS.
The city assessors reported their valuation of the taxable property in the city $1,597,925.
The cars on the Muscogee Railroad were running this spring to Butler, and the Southwestern Railroad was com pleted from Macon to Reynolds within ten miles of Butler. This gap was .filled up in May, and a continuous railroad communication opened to Savannah.
A great railroad jubilee, to celebrate the completion of the railroad line to Macon, was held in the city on the 20th of of May. Among other interesting incidents, the Mayor pro duced some water from the Atlantic ocean and mingled it with the water of the Chattahoochee, in typical union,
A fire on the night of the lHh. of February consumed the old Theatre building on Crawfbrd street, the livery stable of Dudley & Martin, and the residence of Mrs. A. J. Hall. Messrs. Dudley and Martin lost most of their carriages, bug gies, &c.; Mrs. Hall, all of her provisions and kitchen furni ture ,- and other persons lost goods in the houses. The fire originated in the Theatre building, and was believed to have been the work of an incendiary.
The steamboat Retrieve struck a rock in the river, a short distance above the junction of the Flint and Chattahoochee, and sunk on the 18th of February. She "was going down, and had 1,000 or 1,200 bales of cotton, much of which, was lost A negro man of Columbus was drowned.
A very severe storm swept over the city on the 8th of Starch, unroofing and otherwise damaging houses, prostrating chimneys, fences, &c. The damage done in the city was es timated at $50,000 or $100,000. No lives were lost. The

INCIDENTS.

67

new Methodist Church, in Girard and the bridge across the creek were blown down, and the storm swept a considerable portion of the country with like effects.
William, eldest sou of Judge Robt. B. Alexander, deceased, lost his life on the 5th of March, by an accidental punch or stroke with a small piece of "wire in the hands of another boy with whom he was playing. The wire entered his fore head just above one eye, and penetrated to his brain.
There ivere very heavy rains about the middle of March, and the river rose to a great height. The train of cars on the Muscogee l^ailroad fell from a trestle which gave way, some eight or nine miles from the city, on the 18th, and Mr. Charles D. Schoomaker, the engineer, and a fireman named Gilmore were instantly killed. ISTo passengers were hvirt.
Gharnot ISTewberry was killed by Lewis Jernigan, in a diffi culty between them at the corner of Ogletliorpe and Frank lin streets, on the 27th of March. Pistols were used.
Joseph Updegraff was on the 17th of April, run through the body with a sword cane, by Britton McCullers, and died a few days afterwards.
On the 27th of May, the kitchen of F. G. Wilkins on Oglethorpe street, and the same night the dwelling of Mrs. Williams on Fourth street, "were burned.
A woman named Fish fell or threw herself into the river on the 24th of May, and was drowned.
Council in September subscribed $10,000 to the stock of the Gas Company, payable in bonds. The bonds were made payable in 25 years, bearing 7 per cent, interest.

55, Ma ber, 8 to 9 in December.
The factories, that had been compelled to suspend after the breaking of the dam in the spring, resumed work in June ; also the Palace Milla.

68

FEBSOKAL----M ARBIA G-ES.

The extensive building used by Messrs. J. & M. Barringer as a sash and blind factory and carpenter's shop, was burned on the 1st of July.
The first bale of new cotton "was brought in on the 18th of August, by A. H. Rowell, of Russell county, Alabama, arid sold at 11 cents.
The steamboat Franklin, 011 a. trip from Columbus to Apalachieola, with 1,100 bales of cotton, took fire on the 27th of December, and was consumed, cargo and all.
PERSONA.!,.
Jordan "L. Ho well and John J. McKendree were in January elected Magistrates of the Tipper District, and F. M. Brooks and John Qutu of the Lower; James Lloyd, ~Wm. Nix, John Tilly and E. II. Calhoun, Bailiffs ; Bcthune, "VVeems, Ragland, Fley/ellen and McGuire, Justices oi' the Inferior Court; Noble, Tax Collector; Rces, Tax Receiver.
Messrs. Gettiuger & Barschall, Arnold & Robinson, Patrick Duffie, Thos. S. Hays, Richard Robinson and Charles Bize had stalls in the market this year. .Their aggregate rents amounted to $178.
R. G. Forsvth was appointed Postmaster this year. Kdward Birdsong was in June elected Clerk of the Supe rior Court, vice John Sturgis, deceased. Robt. T. Simous and John Clcghorn were elected extra Deputy Marshals in February. Thos. W. Scoonmaker was, on the 1st of March, sworn in as an Alderman in place of O. Danforth, resigned. FJ. H. Musgrove was in March, elected an Alderman in the place of Aid. Robinson, resigned. John T. Ector and F. M. Gray were elected Aldermen in October, to fill vacancies. James J. Slade was in Juno elected an Alderman, to succeed Aid, Wilkins, resigned.
MARRIAGES.
Janaary.3--William "W. Wliipple and Maiiria Fietcher; 5, William Rynecbart and Mary A. E. Hintcm; 6, John W. B. Mehaffey and Susan Copeland, tfiTM

MARRIAGES.

69

d H. Sim-ley and Mary Ann Smith: 10, Benjamin Wooton and Elizabeth Head; 22, John Younger and Margaret Thompson: 2f>, Benja min 8. Cummins and Mary T. Lokey ; 27, Edward M. Weernts and Teresa E. Sapp.
Febrimry <!--Luther T. Vinson and Elizabeth C. Nix: 8, John T. Pruett Mid Susan K. Mealing: 10, James A. Caffey and Mary A. E. Lamer : If., Alien LambertKon and Famiie Brown : 'MS, Thomas L. Morris and Martha E. Wil son, Benjamin Beall and Henrietta H. Hodges; 17, Kiiisey Davis and Harriet Piggot, Charles E. Dexter and Clara M. Hodges: 2O, William Hawes and Martha Smith; 21, liielmrd C. Tnff and Naney A. P. I. Hale.
oh 10- -George T. Bray a.nd Sarah Eady, Thomas J. Watt and Sarah J. A. Heai-n and

2i1, Joseph W. Morris and Elizabeth Jo A. Meat-ham ; 28, David G-urm and Mary A. Nappier.
May X--William I>. Miller and Isabella Browning; John I. Buy and Nam-y A. Brooks ; H, (3-ideoii Easterwood and Laiiey Owens ; 12, Charles A. Hansler
illa A. llosoott: i:-l, William D. Brooks and Sarah J. Suofct ; 15, nd Abigail Pike : 19, James M. O. Luker and Elizabeth L A. Hearn and Epsy J. Hall ; :il, K.obert Badkins and
Judith Updorgraff. Jurifi ic--jauies Ixxjkhart end Anianda Parker; 22, Henry T. Hood and
Elizabeth Averett ; 80, Bryant Howell and Nnnoy A. Brooks. July f.--Lovic P. Faun and Mary J. Haskin ; 7, William C. Ri and Sarah
E. King; 8, William McCandless and Sarah A. F. Nix ; !-(-, Thomas G. Pond and Mary C. Jones ; 17, James H, Jones and Susan Clai-k ; 1'J, William 1>. Johnson and Anna L. Twitty ; 2:;, John Butts and Mary Kale ; 24, George W. Gimii and Amelia Milam.
August 1--James R. liodgers and Anna M. Hudson; 2, John L. Truax and Ida Burnes ; 8, Daniel M. Patterson and Mary Fudge ; 4. Jas. Measels and Mavy Moiikus, William D.ividsoii and Leah Colee ; 7, Thomas J. Stephens and Mary E. Sessions, James C. Hall and Sarah Kiley; 11, Joshua G. Cobb and Matilda A. Phillips ; 14-, Joseph G. Terry and Sarah A. Teat; 16, Casper Lewis and Catharine Holand, Charles Field and Nancy Eoland; 18, Thomas J". Skinner and Louisiana Patrick; 2.",, Thomas Jordan aiidLeviuia C. Arnold; ati, James Smith and Sarah Lipscy.
September 2- William E. Brooks and Martha Alien ; 4, William F. Pike and Mary J. Mason, James W. Wilson and Susan Cook ; - 8, Henry C. Vigal and Helen Wooldridge : 14, Edmund Cartledge and Euphemla G. Thornton ; 20, .Bin-rill Bartlett and Amanda M. Thomas ; 22, "Walker Cartledge and Priscilla Cartledge, John S. "Wellborn and Amanda S. Barren; 27, James XSmith and Elizabeth Lee; 29, Robert Reid and Sarah Joins.

70

MARRIAGES-----T>EATH3-

October a--William riiillips and Abey E. Sanders : !>, Bnrrill Hartley and Eliza Bartley; 13, Thomas J. Colemaii and Mary A. E. Baker, Lewis Robin son and Elafan Northington ; 15, David Culpepper, jr., and Elizabeth Butler; 1(>, Adam P. Jones and Sarah A. Weaver; 18, Charles A. Goosuch and Parshaxnia L. Cook; 24, William Holley and Elizabeth. Kelly; 25, James Bond and Sarah Silas; 28, John W. Rutledge and Martha O. Roland.
November B--Jacob Heil and Frederika E. Sternberg; C, Henry J. Kiug and Mary E. McCook ; 7, David Richey and Martha, Lewis ; 1 7, David Wynn and Susan Wooldridge; 20, William A. Bartlett and Rut ha Hall, William I). Adams and Rebecoa E. Waddell-, 24=, William H. G-laze and Priscilla Jackson; 27, James A. Can-well and Mary A. Clark ; 28, Robert B. Green and Sni Odom.
December 1--Joshua J. Pate and Epsy Browning; 1, Robert C. Redding and MarthA McLester; 8, Aimer Howard and Sarah Glaze; 14, Absalom D. Wooldridge and Lucy A. Green, Charles A. Redd and Eugenie A. Weci llobert C. Patteraon and Hester A. T. Eiucher; 15, William J. Coffield and Elizabeth "Welch: 22, Benjamiu W. Orr and Martlia M. MeBride, John Prazer and Mary Tommy; 2^, Israel F. Pickcns and Mary Dunning, Henry A. Scott and Virginia A. Lester; 27, Henry R. Toler and Martha J. Nicholson; 28, Aaron Cordery and Sophia Haynes; i'O, John A. Jackson and Eliz; beth A. Count.
DEATHS. (FEOM THE HKXTON'B KEPOKTS.) January 1--Mary 11 owe, P. Hancock, and Mrs. Coder's child ; 4. W. S. Mar ble ; 0, Clara Wynn ; 12, Thomas Spivey - ai, Janion Colliiis : 28, Holoomb's child ; Mrs. Barrand's child. February M--G.-Richard's child; 8, Julia A. Richardson ; !), D. G. t chnrch ; 10, Clara Frey ; A. J. Hall; 13, T. Sohloy'a child ; 1C, Thomaa McKennel: 18, Thonms Kelly ; 10, Gammon's child ; 2f>, Mrs. Curry. March 8--William Alexander ; Id, N". P. Foster ; 1.0, O. Sehoonmaker ; N. Giluiore; 22, <J. Kedd's cbild; 28, C. L. Newbery ; 3<), Mr. Dowd^s child. [N. B.--Wo presume that all of the dates given in the Sexton's lists art; those of the interments of the bodies, not the days of death.]
(FROM THE NKWSPAPKKS. ) April S (in Albany, Ga.)--Mrs. Barbara Day, of Columbia ; 22, Miss Sarah A. Biirt ; 21-, Mrs. Alice Ann McCardel; 25, Warren, child of John G. Dolly. May 1--James Terrell, infant son of Charlc E. McCarclel; IS, MrK. Fannice B. Stoddavd, Anne T., daughter of T. M. Hogan ; 22, John R. Sturgia, Clerk: of the Superior Court; 2S, Chipley, son of J. D. Williford; 2!l, Mr. Frances Love. June 7--Patrick B-, son of David J. Bftrber; 12, Sauwal Bass, son of Lewis Livingstoii ; 15, Thomas Daniel, son of R. G. Parkman. jnly 6--John J. Hickey ; 25, Jacob D. High tower, of Grcene county; ;n, John Caldwell. Axigust 14--Barab. Virginia, daughter of R. H. Harris; 25, Joseph J. Bal-

CITY OFFICIALS.

71

lenger : 27, John Neal, you of B. F. Griggs ; LJ8, Mra. Elizabeth Broa:ltiHT ; -- John Ward.
September 4-- Julia Minim, daughter of Samuel Boufoy ; r,, (in Montgom ery, Ala.,) .Tolin B., son of S. B. Harvell of Columbus ; 13, (in South Natiok) Mrs.' Lucretia M. Ourtis, of Columbus ; 1!>, A. L. Bryan ,- --, George S, Cavey.
October (i--Mi'.s. Sarali C. (*riggs; --, Alex. C. Hickey; 27, Nicholas Ware, m of Dr. R. A. Ware.
-\oveniber 10--Major Thuiiifl M. Nelson. December ^4~Mrs. Aun T. BiugliHm.

.Klectio)t of Aldermen, by Oieir respective 1Vard-s) tfr.
The city election of this year was held in accordance with the provisions of an act ttiGii pendi'iig in the Legislature, au thorising the election of two Aldermen, for each Ward by the voters of their respective wards alone. After the elec tion, an act was passed making it legitimate. The election, was held, as usual, on the first Saturday in January, and the most influential question at issue was the ratification of the city's second subscription to the stock of the Mobile and. Girard Eailroad. Dr. John K. Bacon, the successful candi date for Mayor, had published a card in which he announced that he would not sign the bonds until satisfied that a major ity of the people approved the subscription.. The vote for Mayor stood--Bacon 469, Morton 303. The following gen tlemen, were elected Aldermen: 1st AVard, Harvey Hall, K. H. Musgrove; 2d, J. T. Colemau, Win. Perry; 3d, T. M. Hogan, Thos. K.Wynne; -ith, George I. Pitts, Wm. Daniel; 5th, Joseph Thomas, John Quin ; 6th, J. A. Vroomau, H. J. Devon. Marshal, George GulJen; Deputy Marshal, John F. Cleghorn ; Clerk, Calvin Stratton ; Treasurer, J. L. Ho well; Sexton, Thos. Nix.
Council elected Kphrairn C. Bandy, Bridge-keeper; K. T. Simons, Clerk of the Market; Edgar G, Dawson, City Attor-

72

A TRAGEDY.

ney ; Richard IT. T^octliart-, City Physician; Mrs. Isabella McGee, Hospital-keeper; Port Wardens--Peter Preer, John O. Calhotm, J. 7",. Hi/1, Willis P. Baker, J. M. Kverett. Health Officers--J. J, Mc.Kcndree, ,7". B. Wright, Daniel Me Arthur, C. B. Teasdale, K. Dudley, S. Ogletree, Geo. W. Martin, N. J, Peabody, John Durkiti, Win. Mathc.sou. Magazine-keeper-- John Whitesides.
Messrs. Bethune & HeyiiokLs, of the Corner *SV<w,<, were City'
Printers this year. A. J. Welsh was in January elected an Alderman of the
1st Ward, vice Aid. Musgrovcj resigned.; and in February 3 L>. Morion was elected an Alderman of the 5th Ward, vice .Aid. Thomas, resigned.
^.lie Treasurer's report showed the total receipts o>f 1853, $27,096 69, disbursements $24,442 15.
"Wm. Holly was in February elected Magazine-keeper, vice JolxD- WlviteaideSj resigned.
The assessors reported the value of real estate in the city this year, $1,894,200.
A tragedy, which caused great excitement in the city, oc curred on the 27th. of February. Alox. M. Robinson, Deputy Sheriff, attempted to arrest David Wright, jr., and Jack Boyd for disorderly conduct, and "Wright, as soon as the offi cer tapped- him on the shoulder, turned quickly and shot Kobinsori with a pistol. Kobinscm was conveyed into the Tivnes office, and diod in a few minutes. Wright and Boyd ran, and were pursued by the city watch, and citizens, the watch- firing at thorn several times. Wright was quickly overtaken, and brought back j and Boyd was arrested the next day. They were committed to jail. The citizens held an indignation meeting, but did not attempt to take the exe cution of the law into their own hands. At the August term of the Superior Court, Boyd was found guilty as princi pal in the second degree in the murder of Robinson, but re commended to the mercy of the Court. The Court, howevei',
him to be hung on the 27th of September, and his

LOCATION OP THE OPELIKA BRANCH B. E. DEPOT.

73

counsel took an appeal. The case of W right was continued. On the 24th. of October W right escaped from jail, In com pany with, a negro prisoner. The escape was effected by means of a file or saw furnished from without, with "which. Wright first released himself from, lus whaokles. "With a false key he opened the door of his cell, and emerged into the passage. Here the negro man was confined. The two took off the coll door, and with, it as a lever the bars of the window were forced apart so as to allow them to escape from the building, A reward of $500 was offered by the Sheriff, and 100 by the Governor, for the re-capture of Wrigkt. He was re-arrested in December in the neighborhood of St. Andrews Bay, Kla., but not without a determined resistance. Mr, Hobt. T. Simons ascertained his whereabouts and under took liis arrest. Ho was accompanied by the Sheriff of Walton county, Florida. Wright fired at both Simons and the Sheriff, wounding the latter* in. the thigh.. AY right was slightly wounded in the face. After several shots had been exchanged "Wright surrendered, and was brought back and recommitted to jail on the 30th of December. Ho was found guilty of murder and sentenced to be hung hi September, 1855; but on the night of the 4th of August "he set fire to his cell and perished by suffocation. It was supposed that liis intention, was to escape while the cit-ixeii.s were extinguish ing tVie fire. The flames were extinguished without in noli damage to the building.
Boyd was first respited by the Governor, and afterwards pardoned by act of the Legislature,
Much correspondence passed this year between the Coun cil and the officers of the Montgomery and West Point Rail road Company on the subject of a location within the city of a depot for that road, and the bringing of it into the city by a bridge across the river. Propositions were made and re jected, on both sides. In July, a committee of Council re ported a proposition, and an unsigned contract for the loca tion .of the depot on. the 'North common, north of the square

74

VISIT OF EX-PRESIDENT FILL MO BE.

between Oglethorpe and Troup steets, the city also granting the right of way and the privilege to build a railroad bridge, "but prohibiting a close connection with any other railroad in the city. This contract was approved by Council, "but the Railroad Company declined to accept it unless the city wonld subscribe $50,000 to the stock of the company.
In October, the Mobile and Girard Railroad Company, through its President, Judge Iverson, again asked the city for an. additional subscription of $150,000 to the capital stock of that company. Council resolved to submit the question to a vote of the people ; also, at the same time, the question of subscribing $50,000 to the stock of the Montgomery and West Point .Railroad Company, so as to secure the bringing of that road and its depot into the city. The subscription to the Mobile and Girard road to be in lieu of the subscription of the same amount voted by the Council of 1858. This election was held on. the 4th of December, and resulted as follows: For the Opelika Branch Road subscription, 411, no subscription, 24 for the Mobile and Girard Railroad suhHoription, 397, no subscription, 35. Council adopted ordi nances authorizing these subscriptions oil the same day.
A large public meeting of citizens, held on the 13th of September, requested Council to subscribe $100,000 to aid in the construction of a branch of the Mobile and Girard .Rail road to Eufaula, if joined by a sufficient subscription from Eufaula and along the line of the proposed road. The Inteudai.it of Eufaula replied to the Columbus committee who addressed him on this subject, that the people of Eufaula were intent on a more direct communication -with Savannah (only quite recently obtained,) and therefore "received with no favor whatever" the Columbus overture. Pretty plain language, but no doubt true.
Ex-President Fillrnore and HOD. John P. Kennedy, his Secretary of the Navy, visited Columbus in April, and re ceived a cordial reception, with the hospitalities of the city. The bill of expense was $1,007.10, of which $728.10. was

paid by Council, the balance by the sale of tickets to a soiree.! The extensive "Variety "Works" of Wm. H. Brooks
Co., on the river near the Palace ^Mills, were destroyed byl fire 011 the 24th of July. The Palace Mills and Eagle Fa> tory were in great danger, but were saved -without rn.ater.ia] damage. The loss by the destruction of the " Variet; Works" was estimated at $30,000--no insurance. The i week the .Kagle Factory was damaged to the amount of near $1,500 by a stroke of lightning, which, fired a large quantity^of cotton in the Picking room.
INCIDENTS.
A tire company of negroes, organized this year, was vote1 S200 by Council for ecjnipment, and the members promise" fifty cents each for attending and serving at any fire. Th> fire engine "Columbus" was turned over to them.
The office of Wharfinger was created in. M!ay, and Jacob Barrow elected, at a salary of $700 per annum. Mr. Barrow died in July, and Jos. E. Webster was elected.
Richard Jones, who had been appointed by Council to take the city census, reported in August: Number of heads of families in the city, 820 ; dwellings, 526 ; stores, 151; Num ber of white females, 2,232 ; Number of white males under 21 years of age, 1,127 ; white males 21 years and over, 1,176; free negroes, 64; slaves, 2,541; total, 7,140.
Permission was this year given to John C. Ruse and others to "build a plank road along Randolph street, from its inter section with IVoiit street to the Muscogee Railroad depot on. East common. Council also voted to extend to Stewart, Gray & Co., Ruse, Patten & Co., and others, the lease of the plank road from, the wharf along the river to Randolph St.
Cotton receipts up to the 1st of June, about 72,000 bales. Prices--in January, 8J- to 8|-c.; in May, 7 to 8c. ; in Octo ber, 7^ to 8|-c.; in December, 6J to 7c.
The yellow fever was distressingly severe in Savannah this year--many people falling victims to it--and much sympathy Tvas felt and expressed in Columbus, by public meetings, by

INCIDENTS.

"

ons of Council, and by liberal subscriptions of mate-

aid. One young man, named John Martin, who con-

ed the disease. in Savannah, was sick of it in Columbus '

October, but recovered.

The Methodist Episcopal General Conference held its ses

sion in
jj-j,

Columbus in

Ma^. ^

At this

meeting, G>

Drs.

GeorgDe

F.

'ierce, II. H. Kavanaugh arid J, "Early were elected Bishops,

-itid the Book Concern located at Nashville.

P Winter's Palace Mills were sold in March to a company of

; ntlemen -- Messrs. Mustian & Mott, George W. Winter,

i chard Fatten and Thomas W. Tallman --for the Hum of

50,000.

i The Columbus Building and Loan Association organized

is year, by the election of Win. C. Gray, President; Ster-

ig F. Grimes, Treasurer ; Jordan L. Howell, Secretary ; and

J. C. liuse, J. R, Daggers, James Vernoy, M. Barringer, Wm.

Daniel and E. Greenwood, Directors.

The nrst bale of new cotton was received on the llth of

August, from the plantation of David Bussey of Stewart

county, and sold at auction at !>- cents.

Peter ."Lynji was shot dead by W. A. Shofrier, on the out

skirts of the city, on the 5th of October.

A large frame building on .Front street, owned by the

.Kagle Factory and occupied by a number of Jts operatives,

was destroyed by fire on the 30th of October. DOSH $1,200,

insured.

The fine residence of Col K. _L. Mott, in the upper part of

the city, was burned on the 4th of December. The Joss was

estimated at $5,000.

The location of the powder magazine was this year changed*

to the .East Commons--a new building having been erected

\

there.

P. Gittinger, PI. P. Robinson, C. H. Smith, P. Duffy, J. D.

Arnold, and E. .Robinson rented stalls iu the market this

year. Their aggregate rents amounted to $279,

PERSONAL.

77

The county officers this year were Sheriff, F. M. Brooks; Clerk Superior Court, David J. Barber; Clerk Inferior Court, _A_. P. Jones; Tax Collector, Thomas ClutiTm; Tax Receiver, D. J. Keese ; Surveyor, Philip Xjamar; Coroner, ,J. B. Hicks.
John O, liusc, H. T. Hall, Thos. P. Larris, K. R. Groetchius, Cliarles Wise and E. D. Davis were Fire Wardens.
The Enquirer of April 4th was in mourning for the death of Mr. John B. Raglaud, one of its proprietors.
Seaborn. Ogletree was in March elected an Alderman of the 4th Ward, in the place of Aid. Pitts, resigned.
William Matheson was elected, in June, an Alderman, of the 6th Ward, in the place of Aid. Devon, deceased.
A. G. Foster was in August elected an Alderman of the 3d Ward, vice Aid. JTogan, resigned,
ifARKIAGES.
January 1 John W. H. Lutham and Mary A. M. Thomas ; 8, Perry A. Browning and Eps.y A. Everage; 5. William W. Frazer and Frances J. Kelly ; John M. Williams and Elizabeth E. Bailey; (I, William S. -Johnson and Louisa M. Durham ; 11, Archibald B. Thomas and Frances L. Robinson; Ki, Eduuuid Jones and Amelia C. Oobb ; IS, Dred Oamrway and Naiiuy F. Kobinson ; li, Thomas Cummin H and Martha E. Tool : 22, Ben]. Snnboni and Mary E. Dicfcen ; iJS LitLlobery Eubanks nud ilnrgarot M. Diukson ; 2(1, lolm Tarver and Charity I. Alston; JS, Charles E. McCardle and Elizti I. Parker; OO, James W. Cartins and .Tulia F. Lorimei-.
February 3 ThomaK Patts and Mary Ann Higden; 9, William I. Moss and Margaret A. E. Pry ; 1(7, John T. Kowliti and Mary L. EdwowlH ,- 13, Jolm W. Gonlin and Harah A. M. Owenw; 15, Wm. G. AndrewB and Juliu W. ShotW;U ; 1(J, Elbort PrtHley and Susan Smitli ; William T, Sanders suid Eliza S. Mortem ; Benjamin Simpson and Sarah 0. Stafford : 23, Calvin Williams and. 3s,ut> O. Pry ; 2, Jacob W. Shoup and Adaline Havves.
March 2--Peyton H. Rogers and Mary Alexander ; 4, Myrick C. tunsford and Josaphine Scott; Jasper Hicks and Barthena Bagley ; H>, Ransom Co-vington and Parmelia DiUard ; 19, Lafayette Gordy and Henrietta Bray ; 2(>, William T. Holliday and Mary G-ammell; 31, Micajah Briley and Mury EPhillips.
April Robert M. Aldworth and Lnoy C. Wheeler ; 10, William K. King and Elizabeth Stowart; Lafayette Parkrnan. and Isabella Tillman ; 12, Geo. H. Waddell and CeleBtia Wynne ; William Kalley and Mary Harris ; -IT., Jno. Alien and Amanda Tinneut ; Joseph "D. Norwood and Margaret A. Cook; IS, George Y. Banks and Susan C. Mitchcll ; L!>, Thmnas Kenuady anil Eliza Towns ; 20, John Salt marsh and Carolinti J. Lufc^r ; \Yjlliam H. Long ami

78

MARRIAGES.

Ann Louisa Taw or ; 23, Pickard A. Pike and Eliza A. Brannon ; 27, William F. Williams and Julia F. Flewellen.
May J--Thomas M. Sanford and Amanda V, Wynne ; 2, Chas. A. Brooks and Angelina P. Oobb -. 0, Littleton Pike and Julia A. Tii.-fvYm.osi; 14, Nathan iel H. Slaughter and Leacy W. Lamb; '2~2, I. E. Dickens and Nancy Davenport; 30, David C. Wood and Martha Barton.
Juno 7--Lewis S. Graves and Georgia Pride; US, William Corradan and Rosannah Knight ; 2(1. John D. Atkins and Adaline V. Cleve ; 2!?, John C. Kaveiiaugh and Mary A, A. Naglin ; Crawford Ooleimui and Mary A, Davie.
July 4--Robert R, Owens and Sarah C. William;; ; G, Edward W. Heahrook end Emma C. Dawsoii ; Zachariah. Batson and Sarah J', E. Alfred : 1.'}, Riley' S. Callaway and Mary Peel; IfJ, DeWitt C. Daiddus and Fannie L Jonen ; 10, Jainss Han-il! and Ann White ; George E. Gagcr iind Virginia )J. Salis bury -, Calvin K. Johnson and Mary L. Redd.
August a -Wiley Pollard and Rachel I. Glenn ,- 4, Wm. Greer and Eliza beth A. Champion ; 8, John A. Duke ami Epsy A. Bray.
September 7--Alfred. A. Liviitgston and Mary E. Doles; !, John Ward and Mary McDaniel ; 1(1, Robert Fid ford and Catharine "Bag-go tt ; I-">, Archibald T. Smith and Caroline R. Hicks ; 17, Benjamin Doles and Martha F. Graybill ; 2S, Lewis Laury and Emily Conner.
October 5--Tames A. Wilier and Snsan Johnson : George "WhiUen and Elizabeth W. Hunter; Joseph Skinner and Sarah Weed; 10, Thomas G. Wood and Zilphy Cannon ; John Peabody and Josapliine L. Chamii; '12, George W. Crouch and Joanna Reiitfroc : I,"., P;a luiui T). _ Redding and Martha Wlieelis ; 18, Wm. H. Rorie and Susan Stripling ; 'ill, John Hill and Alarmli S. Dalton ; Alfred Prescott and Emma L Slade ; -".I, John H. Davis and Georgia C. Musiiaii.
No-vember C,- Henry J. King and M.-iry E. McCook ; 7, James M. Bivius arid Mary E. Drumright ; John H. Bass and Frances E. McGrnder ; <>, Archi bald Couk and Frances A. Lowe; Meredith Hill and Elizabeth W. Dalton ; 12, Charles H. Lynch and Martha 3. Hudson ; 14, Oames W. Urnuer and Melissa A. Decker; 1.",, Wm. Kirklaiid and Mary A. Senates ; KJ, Alfred^ Alnnson and Ann Camion; 21, Bartlet-t W. Green and Sarah Odoiu; 21, Edwin R. Goulding and Jane E. Bryat* ; 23, Lemuel P. Warner and Charlotte F. Matthews ; Edmund H. Rees and Sarah Palmer ; Andrew 1. Putiiam and Elizabeth A. Faulkonbury ; 2*i, Slillmaii Davidson and Nancy A. Decker ; Henry Eady and Salina L. Jones ; 27, Vincent H. Tennon and Harriet Me_ Gehee ; i!0, Joseph H. Yarborough and -Tane E. Thrower.
December 1--James N, 3iattsoii and Frances F. Wiseiiaan ; B, John W. Cogbill and Sarah A. Ellison ; 5, William Davis and Rebecca Walker ; (>, Byrd B. Forsyth and Mary A. Lloyd; T, James H. St.agg and Elizabeth R.. Sirnpson 8, Abner Howard and Sarah Glaze ; tO, ThomaK Sells and Matilda Siunnone ; li>, Nathaniel C. Fergusoii and Mary E. R-obcrts; 14, James N- Morgan and Margaret J. Rotlgers ; 10, William T. Jenkins and Nancy Glaze ; 18, J'aiues Kelly and Mary Dnnn ; 19, George W. Turner and Anutnda C. Key ; 20,

DEATHS.
[; January 23--Child of A. K. Ayer; 2<i, Mrs. Scroggins; SO, child of J. A. ; Bmdford; 81, child of Mrs. Htai-ns. [ February 11.-- Thomas Bheiia ; J.', Debornli Paradcn ; 22, Mra. MoOall; 2f, ; child ol Mr. Bowers. j March 1--A. M. Robinson ; 3, child of John Clark ; 1O, child of Mr. Mere-
tlitli, child of Mr. Epping, child of Mr. Pjko ; t'7. child uf Samuel Knthf-rfovd, Mi-a. J. '.P. Thompson; 28, Mrs. S. A. liilliiig ; JJO, P. 1J. Ragland : IU, child of Mrs. Davwrport.
April 3-- Mrs. Brauham ; G, child of T. E. TT.-rrendme, Miss Hooper ; 9, Miss Audi-ewM: 11. T. K. Grossbeak; If., child of Mi's: Baggoti ; IS, "R. B. Fishhurn: 19, T^mva Kclloii; 24, MIKS Murdock ; :-JO, Elizabeth Itiman.
May I--Mr. Jackson; 1', Mrs. Douglas*, l^rcena Lewis, Mrs. Poley, Mi's. MaryBelz; 3, Mr. Moat; 4, childof Mr. Stirwart ; !', Mrs. Adams ; Jl, Nam-y Pig^ott; l:S, Aima Mattlaesou : IT, Mrs. J^lizabetli Thompson, child of Eobt. Johnson,- 18, oliiifl of Oeorge Meredith; 1!), child of Mr. Alien; -22, child of Olava West; 23, Oatlierine Thomas; 2.-,, child of Mr. Conrtnuy ; 27, child of Mr. Jiich; :tO, child of Thomas Hall.
Jmie >- John Viuaon; 5, child of John Lewis; (S, H. J. Devon (Alderman ;) 7, child of John Lewis; S, child of Mr. Holland; 10, ohild of Mr. Flewellen, Mary Sergeant ; 14, Mrs. Mi ry A. Ayer ; 1C, Mrs. Stephens, A. T^iiinne-sun. child of Air, Thompson ; 10, child of John N. Bavuott ; 20, Mrs. Briiinby ; 22, Miss Sawyer ; 21, Mrs. Moon, Mrs. Mary L. Bonnor ; 2';, child of Thou. J. "Butler; 20, Frederick Miller, child of Mv. King; 27, (iibsoii Tiilmtui ; 2fi, Fredoiii;i Turner; SO, Mrs. Catherine Sullivan, Mary Tillmsm.
July 3--Thoums VV. Boweii ; -t, mfant of Wealey Barden ; (1, Miajali An thony ; 7, infant of John Alien; infant of Mr. Uavis ; 10, John A. Mortori; 18, Mr*. Jackson: 24, Mrs. \V. H. Grace; L>5, -Jacob Borrow; 28, child of Wm. J-L Grace.
August 1--Miss Anthony; 3, Elizabeth Cotirsy; 4. Mrs. Morn, infant child of E. Dudluy ; 7, Jobn Bowers' child: 8, child of Mrs. Dukes; 11, Mary Jane ltic:ha-rdson; 14, daughter of Mr. Meredith, Mrs. Vandenburg, Mr. Stephens ; 21, child of A. McJJougald; 22, Mrs. Draton ; 24, Jackson Kelly; 27, Miss Meredith; 31, P. H. Mahone's child.
September ',',-- Child of Mr. William Garrett; 4, Miss Lestcrjette ; 5, Au gustus Thompson; 9, Miss Brown; 10, son of Mrs. Chambers, child of Mr. Stephens; 11, child of John McCarty; 14, Mary McKenzie, Ernma Teal ; Ifi, Biehard Jones ; 18, Mr. Cnrry; 19, Miss Cook, child of William Carlisle; 22, child of S. R Bonner; 23, Mr. Lawrence ; 2, child of Elizabeth Brazil,
Fivfi negroes died in July, five in Axignst, and ten in September.

80

MUNICIPAL ELECTION1.

(DEATHS CONTINUED--PKOM THK NEWBI-APEKS. )
September 11--Sarah. Gertrude, dsmgliter of Dr. Jacob Foglo. October 13--(in Atlanta,) John L. Karrmger, of Columbus ; 277 Mrs. Hai1riet Jefferson ; Mi, John Jay, son of John Lloyd. Kovembei- 0--Winfield Scott, sou of Enoch Willett; !), Mrs. Flora. McKennellj 21, Robert Dawsou, son of K. O. Thornton ; 2,*Susiui Jane, daughter of Wm. II. Grace. December 24--Mansfield Torraiice. There were 2r> interments of whites and 11 of negroes during tlie month of November, but we cannot find the iiftmos.

1855.
Financial Difficulties--Sale of City's Stock in Muscogee R. R.
Th_e municipal election, under tlie nc\v law, was iield on the second Saturday in December, 1854 ; bat we contiime to notice the new government in our report of the events of the year of its administration. "Wiley Williams was elected Mayor, and the following gentlemen .Aldermen: 1st. "Ward, John C. Ease, J. J. McKendrce ; 2d, Henry T. Hall, Win. A. Bedell; 3d, Thomas K. Wynne, T. O. Pouglass; 4th, S. R Andrews, D. A. Ridgeway; 5th, F. A. Jepaoii, Israel F. Brown ; 6th, Win. Daniel, Wm. Matheson, Wm. Mahaffey was elected Marshal H. P. Jiobison, Deputy Marshal; Cal vin Stratton, Clerk; Isaac Mitchell, Treasurer,- Thos. Nix, Sexton.
Council elected Kobt. E. Dixon, City Attorney ; Enoch Dudley, Bridge-keeper ; Henry M. Harris, Clerk of the Mar ket ; Dr. R. H. TJookhart, City Physician ; Mrs. Isabella McGee, Hospital-keeper. Health Officers--William H. Alston, Wm. Y. Barden, A. F. Brannon, Charles E. Minis, Dr. H. M. Cleckley, A. K. Ayer, William Alley, Wm. Gr, Andrews, H. J. Smith, O. Danforth, Wm. Brooks, M- L. Patterson. Port Wardens--Kdward Croft, A. K. Andrews, William E. Love, J. L. Hill, F. G. Wilkins. ^ire Wardens--R. H. Greene,

THE CITY'S 'MURCOGEE R. B. STOCK.

81

William Perry, I. G. Strnppcr, B.. B. Goetchius, John A.

Frazer, George Hungerford. Magazine-keeper--William G.

Andrews.

The question of raising means to pay $25,000 of bonds

issued as subscription to the Musoogee Railroad was a per

plexing one this year. The Finance Committee reported on

the 30th of April an ordinance levying a special tax of one-

fourth of one per cent, on real estate and one-eighth of one

per cent, on slaves ; the tax collector to give each tax payer

a certificate of stock (divided into whole and half shares)

proportionate to the amount of his special tax; which was

amended by giving authority to the Mayor to soil a sufficient

amount of the stock to make the payment. As thns amended,

the ordinance was adopted. In June Council passed an ordi

nance authorizing the hypothecation of $ 100,000 of the

stock owned by the city in the Muscogee Railroad for the

loan of $30,000, for this purpose. On the 25th of June the

Finance Committee reported an arrangement with P. J.

Semrncs, agent of the Bank of the State of Georgia, in ac

cordance with the terms of the ordinance last mentioned;

and Council ratified the agreement.

*

Ou the 19th of November, Council ratified a contract for

the sale of the city's stock in the Muscogee Railroad to

Messrs. Richard Patten and John L. Mustian. It amounted

to 1800 shares, and was sold for $151,000--the purchasers

assuming the city's liabilities for that amount. There wa.s

some opposition to the sale, and P. J. Semmes, 33sq., filed a

bill of injunction. This injunction was dissolved by the Su

perior Court Mr. Semrnes appealed, and the Supreme Court

affirmed the decision dissolving the injunction. The contest

over this question was continued in the nest Council.

On the 30th of January the Opelika Branch. Road was fin

ished, and the connection, of Columbus with. Montgomery by

railroad was unbroken. The trains did not then cross the

river,, but stopped at the depot on the Alabama side.

82

INCIDENTS.

The assessors appointed to appva-iHe the real estate of the city reported the total valuation at $2,025,000, showing increase of $140,000 over the previous year.
The river was unusually low during tho winter, and steam boat arrivals "before April were rare.
John King, an employee of the Muscogce Railroad, was run over by one of the cars, in January, and so badly injured as to cause his death.
D. A. Garret-1, who was run over by a train near Atlanta, died in Giravd, of the injuries received, on the 5th of March.
The State Medical Convention was held in Columbus in April.
The .Rock Island Factory was sold under mortgage, on the 23d of April, and bought by R. L. Mott for $20,250.
The Montgomery Blues and Montgomery Rifles visited Columbus m April, going into camp and remaining several days. They were cordially received and handsomely enter tained.
The house of Mrs. Ann Dill on, in the 5th "Ward, was burned on the 13th of May.
Airfong tho public entertainments of this spring were well contested races over the Chattahoochee course, and a series of theatrical performances by Mr. "W. II. Crisp's Company.
Tho 'Daily Sun 'was established-on the 30th of July, by Mr. Thomas Do Wolf. It was the first daily paper ever publish ed in Columbus, The JKuqwirer and the Finies and Sentinel then published tri-weeklies.
David Magouirk was shot and killed on the 1st of October, by Zachariah Rogers--they having a difficulty near the polls on the day of the State election.
On the night of the 4th of December, the depot of the Mobile and Girard Railroad, in Girard, was consumed by fire, with about one hundred bales of cotton and some of the papers of the company.
The. Opelika Railroad, bridge over the river vras finished and trains passed over on the 25th of December.

PKRBOKA.L ----MABHIAGT3S.

83

The (.question of the amalgamation of the Muscogee wit"h the Southwestern Railroad was submitted to a vote of the citizens of Columbus (to determine the action of Council in casting the vote at the stockholders' meeting,) and they voted against it--9 for to 371 against--on the 5th of October.
Receipts of cotton up to the 1st of May, 69,876 bales. Prices --January, 5|</?)7-ic.; March, 6@8c.; April, 8-@9c.; May, 9j(a}9a 0 .; June, ll@12e.; September, 8(;8c.; October, U@S|-c.; December, 7f%3c.
PKBSOA'A!..
Kcv. S. II. Higgins was installed Pastor of the Presbyte rian Church, on the 3 "1st December, 1854.
On the 1st Monday in Jairuar}^ Harvey W. jSTaiice was elected a Judge of the Inferior Court ; Thos. Chafan, Tax Collector ; Kdward Birdsong, Tax Receiver.
P. J. Semrnes was Captain of the. Columbus Guards, and Fey ton H. Colquitt of the City Light Guards.
J. 1 3. "WiMght and James Lloyd were Constables of the upper district, and H. T. Simons and Jacob Shoup of the lower district.
Dr. T-tOckhart resigned, and Dr, "W. W. Hewellen war; elected City Physician, i.n July.
David J. Barber, Clerk of the Superior Court, died in Sep tember, arid on the 2d of October the Judges of the Inferior Court appointed A. S. Hutherford to the office,,
,Rcv. Mr. Dalzoll was Rector of the "Kpiscopal Church. Hon. Walter T. Colq_uitt died at Macori on the 7th. of May.

.Tfiimni-y -1-- Join] Rovrion Oliver ;viicl Vivgiuia A. Shorter ; Thomas T- Granborry taut Emily V. Ft;.vgiison ; 8 7 Chaiirs P. Mcn-gaii and Sarah K Horuc ,]0, Samuel B. Fjaw and Goorqla W. Harden. ; 11, John Hurris and Barbary (laiumrll ; Aiwa] on i Mc.Oonaltl end Matlunm Tjaiigoy : Samv.el K. Brannon Hinl Mary A. Williams : IS, FarL-.ev FJslici- and .Jnda W. Clark : 2:;, Henry Ji. Nicliolsmi and Sarah A. K. Kemp ; 2.',. Augustus A. Dill and Jackobini Wood ; Jaiucs Phillips and Martha "W. Sherwood : ;jl. Thomas "E. Yomi^ imd Geor gia, P. Butt.
February 1--David Ennis and Elizabeth Williems ; 4, John W. Phillips and

84

1IARRIAGKS.

Catharine Wiggms : Jl, George W. Blow and Martha A. Heath: 14, Joai Coleiuaii and Ellen IjyoM ; 27, Wm. M. Jcpsoii and Cynthia G. Hall : L'S, Wm. H. Cobb and Maria K. Hamill.
March I -Walter S. Clark and Sarepta A. Wood ; ;!, Henry M. Hames and Martha Little ; S. CharloK P. Watt and Sarah P. Kley : Jean li. Beamout and Melviiin, Moore; IS, Ttwoplirms S. Henry and Sarali I. Edwards; 15, John W. Freeman and Caroline I. Hook ; Thomas F. Watt iind Minerva Htu-rell; JOB E. G. Mi;N"eal and Amanda C. George: ]',), Joseph Cary and Elizabeth Dukey 22, John S. Tilley and Mary E. Beauchamp ; Henry K. Sadbnry and Margaret

A. Koper; 2s. James Hood and Maria M. Ciark ; 211, Henry T. Hall ami Elizabeth I, Howard ; William li. Martin and Jane McOallister ; 22, Jack H.lrrison and Susan H. Mnrrell.
April .-.--William I. McMHleii and Elizabeth CounoDy ; K, Aaron I). Brc

and Annmda Me,Cle,sky ; HI, William B. lioynolds and Saralt B. Kurd; II, Exton Tucker and Mary T. Speller; Francis O. Goodale and Martha A.

Fiuchtr; 21, George W. Seroggins olid Nancy I. Dudley; 22. Solomon Belcher and Vieey M. Caiiline ; 2y, Joseph B. Itipley and Mary A. Scoo: maker: Jame.s Ton-y and Elizabeth Diekson : 2U, George F. Cherry anu Mary M Willingham ; .-id, Ma(how Kenady and Temperance Hudson.

May K--Thomas W. Camak and Laura A. Kaglnnd : 1!>, James W. Well born and Nailey Davison : ir>, James J. Bnford and Sarah Bedell; 1C, Olii P. TiHinglmst and Mary Jane Thomas ; 21, Wm. McMichael and Caroline F. Cdhoun; 21, Josephs. Hood and Caroline Jacobs ; 30, Jolin 11. Little and Frances L. Ingram.
June 1--Benjamin F. Crittendeii and Elizabeth Owen; 5, John P. Cox anil

Franees Knight; 17, Joseph Cnrtledge and Martha J. Glunu : 21, William C. Clifton and Clara B. Jones ; 2(1, Moses Simmons and Catharine Kitchens.

July 2- -George L. Gratiberry and Winifred B. Drew ; S, Daniel Odoiu and Eleauora Pattillo ; Ul, William C. Bellamy and Fannie H. Lindsey ; 22, Jan. Jimmersoii and Harriet E. Burton; 24, Wiley J. Howard and Cynthia J. lioach.
August u'--Garland M. Barlow and Sophronia A. It. Lester ; James Boe and Jane Wynne ; T, Samuel A. Billing and Anil E. McDougald ; 8, Alpha Diukiiis and Maliala Johnson ; 13, Charles II. Morris and Louisa Olive ; 2;j, John W. Beakloy mid Martha I, Haw88; ;i(>, William Nance and Eveline Weddingtoii.
September ;}--James Y. Boyd and Frances C. Ivey; <;, John W. Wordeii

and Eudoxy Gunu; 7, Henry Wilson and Xaome E. McCarty ; 8, James Mc-

Cornmek and Angelina. K. So.ay ; '.I, James L. Mane and Sarah E. Perry ; 12,

\

WilIiam L. Head and Frances E. Devon ; 1.1, William H. Eadcliff and.Matilda Hatcher ; 17, Gustavus F. Merlins and Jenny Stahl; 20, Alexander M. Bran-

non and Julia A. Fuller ; Adiun J. Eiviugston and Missouri W. Bigger.s ; 24,

Loviok P. Fann end Mary Dnko ; '>:,, Benjamin P. Jeiildns and Mavy E. Ferguson.

October 2---Leander F. Hitch and Eli2a A. Graham ; 3, David Williams

and Klix.ubi-lli IV.rkM- : '21, Willis HatinB ami Mart]

and Mary K. .Muu-.y ; 111. Ueorge, W. TUVIUT and

SI, Noil WilltiuHon aud Caroline V. DKATHS.

.Innuavy 1 -John S.illiy.m: la. child of Mv. Nt.-WB.vt, ,-hild <> <!lmri.. Sim-ley; 1 t. MISK Moor,-: J.% James .laolison: 11), Mrs. Marti,,, Olai-a . taui: L'a, <-I.il<l of Sir. All..-!.: i'li, Ai-...l>.-lla EaaUvood: L'7. 3

ki' fovor.) J'Vl.ruai-y 7-31TM. Iti., B : la. i.-ljild of M
Hi. cl.ild <if Mr. Bailny : ir. Mi B Wilson : ,-luld ot Vii.. Carlisle ; aa. infant of A. I

llm-cli i --OlrJdof Jivnj. lila, J. T-I. Daniel: 13, H. Uol.l,.: 2(1,

April 2-Child of lUoluu-d Warner, lo, 1 hvtli fchild:) IT. ohil.l of Win. Hale.-. IS, Martha 1
22. child of Mr. 7 (i, child of E. Chattel-ton : 11,

i I.'.,

86

CITY OFFICIALS.

of Mr. Ward; 22, child of Stephen Adams; 2!), child of John Lewis; 31, child of ,1. W. Pease.
August s--David Wright ; !>, child of John Trawick ; 13, child of A. Oalhoun ; 23, child of Elisha Jackson.
September 2--,T. Mfigonigal ; 3, George A. Harris ; 4, Mrs. Olarady : 8, Hugh McCall; 12, child of Mr. Hicks ; Mr. Moore ; 17, Mr. Scott : child of Mr. Bowen ; child of Mr. Pike ; 20, Mrs. Cornelia .Daniel ; 23, David J. Barber; 2s, Mrs. Hicks ; Mrs. Townsley.
(FKOM THE NEWSPAPEKS. ) October 7--Mrs. Mary W., wife of J. Khodct* Bvowne. November 12--Leonard Meljck. December 12--Mary Lizzie, infant daughter of K. E. Diioru

1856.
The City's Tndeh fad-ness-- Up-T&wn Bridge--Location.
On the 2d Saturday in December, 1855, the following municipal officers for 1856 were elected; F. G, Wilkins, Mayor. Aidermen--1st "Ward, Win. Y. Bardcn, J. J. Slacte ; 2d, W. F. Plane, II. T. Hall; 3d, J. W. Pease, Foster S. Chapman; 4th, Jas. M. Hughes, K. H. Harris; 5th, D. B. Thompson, Jos. J, Jones; 6th, J. K. Mershort, J. Hunley; Marshal, Win. MahafFey; Deputy Marshal, H. P. Eobinson; Treasurer, Isaac Mitchell; Clerk, Calvin Stratton: Sexton, Thos. Nix.
Council elected Dr. Flewellen, City Physician; John Peabody, City Attorney; E. Dudley, Bridge-keeper; Isabella McGee, Hospital-keeper ; Jesse Bradford, Magazine-keeper; Richard Robinson, Clerk of the Market; Thos. Bagland & Co., City Printers. Health Officers--J. J. McKendree, John B. "Wright, Lewis Livingston, W. E. Love, Jordan TJ. Howell, James M. Everett, John Kyle, Jerry Terry, N. B. Love, John T. Walker, S. Oglotreo, W. P. Carter. Port Wardens-- Clayton, Hill, Calhoun, Duck, Arnold. Fire Wardens--K. Goetchius, George Hungerford, C, Wise, J. C. Ruse s J. B. Strupper ; T. O. Douglass.

THE CITY S MUSCOCTEE R. R. STOCK.

87

In January, Win. M. .Lee for the 2d, and James L-igon for the

4th W ard, were elected to fill vacavicies occasioned by the

resignation of Aid. Plane and Hughes. Aid. Mcrshoii hav

ing resigned, John Bannell was in February elected an

Alderman of the 6th Ward.

According to a report of the City Attorney, made in Feb

ruary, the following was the financial condition of the city at

that time :

ASSETS.

1,500 shares Mobile and G-irard Railvoad. stock, at 50 per share, .....!$ 75,000

- fii)0 sharoK Opelika llnmch Jtoad, jit, &8O per shave, ........................ 4R.OOQ

]()() sharf'H Ciiy Gnw .Light Company ntock, at $80 per share,........... K,((OO

City ilriilt'c, ............................................................................ 100.0OO

City WViarf............................................................................... ir,,OOO

Tninles, at- ^175 ouch,............................................................... 1,225

Magazine, ...............................................................................

(JOO

The estimate of revenue for the year was $30j7-iO. The vexed question of the sale of the city's stock in the Muscogcc Kail road to Messrs Patten and Miistian continued to perplex Council and distract its deliberations during this year. There -were two obstinate parties in the city and in Council, and apparently they were nearly equally divided-- a condition that made final agreement and consummation of the sale very difficult. In April Council unanimously passed a resolution to submit to two legal gentlemen, to be chosen by the two parties, the question whether the city was legally bound to consummate the sale, also the sufficiency of the se curity offered "by Patten and Mustiau. But at the same meet ing; of Council the Mayor reported a block: in the arrange ment arising from a contention about a dividend due and un paid on the stock. The matter was finally settled by the con summation of the original arrangement and the transfer of the stock to Messrs. Patten and Mustian,

The project of building the "up-town, bridge," which had been talked of for some months, was submitted to a vote ol the citizens on the 14th of July, and resulted as follows: Bridge 425, No Bridge 2S2--majority 143. A number of citizens had proposed to build the bridge and give the city control of it--to be tolled or freed just as the lower bridge should be. The location selected was the foot of Bryan street, just above the Howard .Factory.
The receipts of cotton this year were very large, being 3 00,104 bales up to the close of the year, 1st September. Prices--in January, 8('*iS^c.; in March, 8^-(!9i-c.; in Septem ber, 10-|(V*)llc.; in December, 10J(<5)ll^c.
INCIDENTS.
On the 28th of January, a young man named Chisolm, who had occasionally been engaged in the Postoffice as an assistant, was arrested on a charge of abstracting letters from the office. He was examined before Justices and bound over for trial in the sum of $8,000. On the 24th of February, Chisolm, while at large under bond, had a difficulty in the Oglethorpe House with John Wood, the bar-keeper. Wood threw Chisolm to the floor, and Chisolm then drew a pistol and shot Wood, who died the next day. Chisolm fled, but was arrested and committed.
During the last week in Jaiiuary, the steamers Union and Gusseta collided, in a dense fog, on the Apalachicola river, and the Union sunk immediately in fifteen feet water. About fifty bales of cotton was lost. The passengers and crew es caped.
A number of fine horses of the vicinity and from a dis tance contested for handsome purses over the Columbus Course in March, Among the racing celebrities engaged were Frank Alien, Carolina, Moidore, Grov. Johnson, Jack Gamble, and Floride.
A charter for the Bank, of Columbus was passed by the Legislature early this year, and the Bank -was organized in April by the election of William H. Young as President, and

INCIDENTS.

89

John McG-ough, J. T. Hudson, Wm. Hankin, "Wm. H. Young, ,T. Ennis, R. M. Gunby, S. J. Hatcher, J. V*. Illges and J. 1ST. Barnctt as Directors,
A fire on the night of the first of April burnt a black smith shop and the negro quarters of Wood & Co., on St. Glair street, between Broad and Oglethorpe.
Major Buford, of Eufaula, passed through Columbus on the 4th of April, with a large company of emigrants for Kansas, to assist the South in the sectional struggle then progressing for supremacy in that territory. Some forty or fifty persons joined the cornpanj^ at Columbus, and liberal material aid was afforded here to the expedition.
A Criminal Court for the city of Columbus having been, created by act of the Legislature, the election for Judge and Solicitor was held on the 21st of April. P. H. Colquitt was elected Judge and It. E. Dixon, Solicitor,
The Poor House of Muscogeo county, about two miles east of the city, was burned on the 18th of April.
A destr ucti ve fire on the night of the 24th of A pri I burned the large brick building on Oglethorpe .street, owned by Dr. K. A. Ware, and occupied by Thos. De'Wolf; also tlie three wooden buildings between that house arid Temper ance Hall, two occupied by Mr. Knight and one by Mrs. Aench.bach.er. The fire originated in one of the houses oc cupied by Mr, Knight--cause unknown.
A small boy named "William McKay was drowned in the river just below the bridge, on the evening of the 10th of May.
A woman, known as 'Emma Berry, was shot and killed by a young man named Thaddeus Kccs, on the 3d of July. Bees made his escape,
A dispxite occurred at the polls in Girard on Tuesday, Nov. 4-th, the day of the Presidential election, between two young men named Eli Spivey and Wash, Blackburn, which resulted ^in Blackburn shooting Spivey twice with a pistol. Spivey died in a day or two afterwards.

90

MARRIAGES.

The residence of JVtr. J. Cole, OH Bridge row, was burned on the morning of the 18th of November.
The hull of tUe steamer Wave, a boat "bmlt at Columbus for the navigation of the Chattahoochee, was launched on the 25th of November. It was built under the superintendence of Capt. Charles Blain.

Methodist Episcopal appointments for this year : L. Pierce, P. E. Columbus District ; Messrs. B. W- Speer and J. II. Harris stationed at Columbus.
County oincers tlds year: Wrn, Lamar, Sheriff ; A. S. Rutherford, Clerk of the Superior Court ; A. P. Jones, Clerk of the Inferior Court John Johnson, Ordinary Thomas Chafun, Tax Collector ; I. T. Brooks, Tax Receiver ; John P>. W right, Coroner ; Phillip Lamar, County Surveyor.
Kev. J, H. DeVotie accepted the pastorship of the Baptist Church in JVIa.v.
il ARKlAaKS.
January 3- Stephen Dimoii and Lucre tia A. Dukes ; 8, John W. Hcndrix and Elizabeth Hackney ; 10, Abrain H. DoWitt aufl Sr:ih A. JPhelps ; John F. Pittman and Martha A. George ; 10, John Davidt-ion and Martha E. Abner ; SaittiuJ H. Cook and Sarah S. C, Bears : 21 , John Callihan and Augusta McT3ratU; 2'2, Lafuyotto Martin and "Frances Hesii-n - L'l, Jamos S. Tatum and Mary C. Bailey ; ;il, Wytihc J. Palmer and Amamla "WeddingLou, Wm. Fisher find Martha Smith.
Fe.bi-m-u.-y <1 -Jolm I. ( lumber and Mary Mon-is ; 10. Bobt. S. Sliordon ami THftLella 3'iuekler ; 12, James J5. Clark and Mary A. F,. Kennedy; i:), James T. IXylor and Doruos M. Hughes; 17, George M. Bcnfrue and Virginia C. Burton ; 20, Duniel D. Cox and Emily O. Luekie ; 28, Pleasant S. ShoJlniau and Caroline A. Jloxey.
Mai-eh 10--benjamin F. Palton. and Margaret Noi-rls ; l.-J, John H. Weaver and Sarah F. Xori-is ; -Tes-se Carter and Mary W. Meacliam ; 1C, Eiioeh Dowdy and Mary E. Maye.s ; Sterling T. Smith and Kachel K-. Canim ,- John Katley and Nonoy D. Parisli ; tit, Charles Orichton and Frances Groeiibeck ; 27, Seyniore B. Banner and Bethia A. Fort ; Amos C. Ward and Martha V. Kedding.
April 1 --John B. Faiinen and Sarah A. E. Stanley ; Francis A. Byars and Elizabeth W. McMiUen ; 27, Franciw M. Forsytll and Frannes M. MoCardle.
May 1-- riiifib B. I>awson and Eliza Flewellen ; C, William B. Burdim and Mary Aim Wood ; S, Moses Fmcher atid Martha Easterwood ; 13, Lewie W.

MARRIAGES.

9l

Isbell and Prances A. Redd ; 15, George W. Smith and Ann Dillon ; Nathan N. Benton and Frances S. Henry ; 18, Joshua S. Iloper and Francos A. Bur-
rand. June 5--John Hazleton and Martha V. Lynch ; 8, Silas McGuirk and
Mary Frazier ; 15, Henry A. Johnson and Sarah if earn ; 25, Isaac I. Moses and Hannah M. Moses ; 20, Joniah Mehaffey and Julia Cannon.
July (1--William A. Newsom and Susan E. Statheu ; 9, Benjamin Goolsby and Temperance Hudson ; 12, Pdley Newsom and Martha Williams ; 14, James Willox and Delilah MeCauley 24, Washington W. Johnson and Fran
cos E. Gammage. August 11--Wimazri Knight and Mary Frost; 2~>, Isaac Falkner and Lucy
Ann Groff ; Vinceut D. Tharp and Emily T. Roberts ; 29, John Nobles and Georgia A, Cegarr,
September 13--Plainpton G. Seale and Victoria Gafford ; 14, Samuel F. Moon and Eliza Hyatt ; 21, Sidney O, Lloyd and Amanda ITptou ; John Mowell and Frances Upton ; 23, Andrew J. McDonald and Dicy Ann Hall ; 25, George W. McGinty and Jane Hinton ; . 21), James Harris and Frances A. Boyd.
October 2--Alfred S. Truett and Caroline L. Nicholls ; John Mehaffey and Margaret Kendrix ; 12, James A. McCleHky and Eliza Baker ; 14, William I. Wood and Lsah J. Marks ; 19, Jean B. Thomas and Nancy McCaUister ; 21, Wm. H. Baily and Milly A. Christian ; Henry V. Korton and Conrtney I. Jones ; 26, George A. B. Smith and Laura V. Brannon 28, WiUiam E. Hill and Georgia E. Nix.
November 4.--Luther Gaff and Sarah I. Alien ; 5, Albert F. Langford and Christie A. Terry ,- t), Peter Prer and Mattie A, Jones ; Benjamin F, Bedell and Vanney Burford ; John M. Faulkenberry and Adeline West; Andrew J. Itiddle and Ann P, Hunly ; 1C,, James D. Neal and Louisa R. Lawrence; Wm. S. O'Bannon and May Lloyd ; Benjamin I. King and Elisabeth Jankson ; 17? Simeon T. Hall and Missouri E. Deavers ; 2O, Jacob W. Cole and Martha A. Lawrence ; David Cannon and Sarah E. Wamouk.
December 2--Thomas J. Belcher and Mary A. Alien ; John Heller and Rosa Heiman ; S, John P. Mealing and Angelina L. Mealing ; 7, John E. W. Henderson and Louisa Murphy ; 10, Alexander Peddy and Ann Flemming ; Thomas G. Whigham and Aim S. Hickey ; 11, Jcsse Haddock and Mary A. E. Doles ; Henry Voight and Nancy Duncan ; 15, James Pridgen and Susan Wilson; 1G, Thomas L. Macon and Mary K. Houston; 17, Beauford T. Yarborough and Louisa Norman ; John G. Bunnell and Martha Hodge ; Joa. L. B. Wells and Pernielia C. Stanfield; 18, William A. Hunt and Mary 13. Prosley ; 21, Joseph P. Morris and Malinda C. Eastwood ; 23, James Shelton and Cinda Milum ,- Archibald J. WilliamN and Elizabeth Stribling; 25, Marion M. Payiie and Catharine Teal; 20, James Kimbrougb and Mary Johnson.

Wood ; 28, child of J. D,.y. JJavis; I.",, Mr. McCovfiug; 1(1.
2S, Mrs. McGiiity : :!O, ; " 1 of Green Beamau : :!, iirs. Edwards ; "s, !
-ohn J. Bidgway, Mrs. Dnncaii : >';, child of May,", -Child of H. T. Hall: , Mrs. Cofieid ; 10, :

Caldwell;'Hi, child of E. Dudley, son of Mrs. Bailey: 17. . Poran ; IS, Milns Chaffin, Miss Chi 3g ; 21, Miss Bowman; yth ; 2(i, child of Horace Matthews, child of Martin J. West ; .",(1, child of Mrs. Ingram, child of Mrs. Tickers : :;] . Mr. Howard, child of

Junel- Child of Mv. Oook : 2. cliild of Susan 1'oster : ;!, child of Mr. Barton: s, child of Mrs. Kennedy: 111, child of Mrs. McOehce: 'l->, Mr. Koimmgton ; 1 :>. child of Dr. E hrards. child of O. Danforlh ; I j, child of Patrick Ifoivu : 17. child of Mr. Onlespie : IS. Miss Tlr.mnon ; 21), Miss Boman, David Onmley, child of Mr. Little: 22, child of Win. F. Imckie ; .!,

of Mr. Kennedy; 2Ci, child of Mr. Howard'; -Jf. child of Mr. Belser! child of JohiiByard; 2 !,. child of Mrs. Wilson: 30, child of -- - McElrath.
July 1- Child of .). ,T. Slade, child of Mr. Culver, Emma Or(aKns; 2, child of Wn:. Champion: :|, child of Mrs. Barton. Kdward J. Ilardin ; 4, Martini Arnold ; 5. child of John Meredith ; (i, child, of Mr. McGowen. Mr. Cromley : 7. cliild oj Mrs. Wilson; s. Lou.sa Ktewart ; 10, child of Mrs. Wilson; 12. D. Huddeth: !::, Mr. Ketdehraiid ; 14, <iUd of G. W. Martin, Ifrs. A. Dili;
of Thaddens Holt,child of Mr. Borders: 22, child of Mr. McMaii: 24,

iteiifroo; 28, child of A. M. ' HI, child of Mr. Lee, cliild of i

[[Nr*oo'rrln'].,--;.-M inosit 0o1f tmhe c, lll

!i

. of measles, as did several aadults.]

1,1- Mrs. Way,!,,, K.nily Perry;

Mr. Wayue; .",, John K.ylo, Thomas Hosey ; H, I

Handy; 7, Daniel McD. Penhody ; 12, Mrs. Warner, Mr.

.child of Mr. Kiiit!-, IS, child of Jas. Kimbmngh;

rd ; 24, A. <



CITY ELECTION, ETC.

93

September 1- -child of Jolin McCarty ; William Owen ; 13. child of H. Wbitloak : 17, Jane McDftnicl ; i>0, child of Cynthia Phillips ; child of -Tames Oorcoivm : !><!, Mrs. Sweet ; 28. child of Mr. Merchant.

October 7-- (at Columbus Factory) Mrs. Nancy Brown, aged 98 ; 12, Henry Slacle, infant son of Alfred Prewuott ; 15, (in Girard) Lmcius V. Malone.
November 21-- (in Bealwoodj Mrs. Caroline Matilda Griswflld; (in Oirard) Stephen IX Phillips, Postmaster ; 2r>, infant daughter of G. W, Ashburn ; ~'S, (hi Wyimtini) John L., SOD of James M. Ohambovs : M. A. Thorn, of Oohiiubia, H. C.
DiHVi.iiicr -- StevliiifT F. Grinn?*. *

1857.
Railroad OoniiKCiwits-- Great Sixteen Mile Kacr.
Col. I1'. G. Wilkms and Dr. John K. Bacon were the oppos ing candidates for Mayor at the election in December, 1856. The vote stood--Wilkins 498, Bacon S53. The following gentlemen were elected Aldermen : 1st W^ard, \Villiam Y\ Garden, W. C. Gray; 2d, Wm. Perry, Bos well Ellis; 3d, F. S. Chapman, Dr. T. Stcwart; 4th, A. K. Ayer, G. E. Gager ; Mi, .lohn Quiii, John T. Walker; 6th, Scott Clark, John Durkiii. James M. Hug-Vies was elected Marshal; Hugh P. Robinson, Deputy Marshal; Calvin Stratton, Clerk; Isaac Afitehell, Treasurer ; Thos. ISTix, Sexton.
Council elected Dr. George Davis City Physician--salary $600 ; Eichard Robinson, Clerk of the Market, 150 ; John G. Bunnell, Bridgedieeper, $700 ; IsabellaMcGeh.ee, Hospitalkeeper, $800; John Peabody, City Attorney, $150 ; Jesse Bradford, Magazine-keeper, $75 and fees ; City Printer, Jas. N. Bethune of the Corner Stone, $800 ; Port Wardens--J. M. Trawiek, Kdward Birdsong, J. M. 'Everett, James L. Hill and 17. B. Frost; Health Officers--W. H. Alston, Thos. B.

94

INCIDENTS.

Slade, M. Barringer, K. A. Ware, H. M. Cleckley, J. L. Howell, E. G. Mitchell, S. E. Andrews, J. L. Morton, W. W.
Flewellen, T. V. Eutherford, John Seoly. The policy and convenience of making close railroad, con
nections in Columbus, was a subject of interest this year. A meeting of citizens, held in Temperance Hall on the 10th of June, appointed a committee to confer with, the officers of the railroads and ascertain "the ends to be attained by the pro posed connections, and the means and terms of its accom plishment."
The projects of building railroads from Opelika to Oxford, Ala., and from Opelika to Talladega, first engaged the atten tion of the people of Columbus this year. The Fifties and Enquirer suggested the Oxford road, and the S\m the Talladega road.
The cars on the Mobile and Girard Railroad were this year running to Guerryton, 'a distance of thirtv-eight miles. Twothirds of the grading from Guerryton to Union Springs had been accomplished.
The three military companies of Columbus--Columbus Guards, Capt, Scmmes ; City Light Guards, Capt. Colquitt; and United Rifles, Capt. Wilkins--went to Milledgeville on the 2d of July, to participate in an encampment of the vol unteer military companies of the State. They returned on the 7th,
Aid. BlliSj of the 2d Ward, having resigned, Peter Freer was in August elected to fill the vacancy.
The receipts of cotton for the year ending Sept. 1, arnouned to 80,245 bales. Prices --in January, llj@ll|c.; in March, ll@13^c.; in May, 1 3 ^c. for middling ; in September, 14-|@15c.; in. November., ll@llc.; in December, 9@9|c.

INCIDENTS.
There was snow enough on the ground for sleighing in Columbus on the 24-th of January.
The "Wave," a new boat built on the "banks oi1 the river

i

AN EXTRAORDINARY RACE.

95

at Columbus, under the superintendence of Capt. diaries Blame, made a successful trial trip on the afternoon of the 9tli of February, and started on the llth on her first trip to Apalachicola.
A fatal duel between two well-known and esteemed citi zens of Columbus, on the 23d of February, created a great sensation, and the result was received with universal regret. The parties were Mr. J. P. Heiidricks and O. S. ICirnbrough. They fought with rides, on the South Carolina side of the Savannah river, distance forty paces, and Mr. Ilendricks was mortally wounded at the second fire.
The new Masonic Hall, on Broad street, was dedicated on the 26tli of March. The address was delivered by W. Rock well, Deputy Grand Master for the Second District of Georgia.
An extraordinary and exciting race, which was run over the Cnattahooehee Course on the 4th of April, engaged so much interest at the time and is still so often referred to, that we make particular mention of it here. There were three fine horses entered--all distinguished as among the best racers of the country. They were Puryear & Watson's b. cCharleston, MeDaniel's ch. h. Frankfort, and ------'s m. Sue Washington* The two first named had won well-contested races on previous days of the same meeting', and Sue Wash ington was celebrated by her fine running and triumphs over many tracks. It was a four-mile- race, purses and winnings $2,250. The /Sun's account was as follows :
The weather was line, attendance large, and the presence of ladies gave grucc to the whole. Each entry had friends, and the wagers ran higli. At the call of the bu^le all three appeared. And now they arc off. Sue has the track, but Charlston takes it the first mile, and leads gallantly off, close hugged by Sue, Frankfort following leisurely. Bound they go at a killing jmce, and run out in 7:39 ; Charleston 1st, Sue 3d, Frankfort dropping inside the distance.
SECOND HEAT.--Charleston has the track--lie sulks--but finally goes off merrily, closely followed by Sue, Frankfort still waiting. The third mile closes, and they enter fourth in the same I'elative posit ions. Every eye ia Strained, See ? now, they are coming home--Charleston must win. But lo!

96

INCIDENTS.

Frankfort awakes, throws off his lethargy, and by f the last quarter, takes the heat by half a head ; Charleston 2d, Sue near by. Time 7:4().
THIRD HEAT.--'Clear the track!' Now they come up--Frankfort inside. They are gone. The race now seems to be narrowed down to Sue and Frankfort--Charleston was tired--the mure keeps ahead, and wins the heat in 8:OO. Charleston is now withdrawn ; he shows distress, but 1ms done nobly, and in a two-handed contest would have won the day,
FOURTH HEAT.--The game was now considered Kirns. The mare took the Ktart and ran through the heat without injury ill 8:O2.
Frankfort cliod shortly after the race. It is well for Sue that he lived to inwke tila great brush with Charleston, else had nhe not won the honors of the day.

Hue Washington, ------ 2 Frankfort, ---------- :-l Charleston, ---------- l Time, ----------- 7:39
Distance run, 16 miles, in 31 minutes, 31 second*.

:-J l 2 7:4O

1

1

',,'

2

3 withdr'i

S:OO 8:0'>

Charleston was afterwards carried by his owner (Mr. Ten Broeck, we believe) to England, to contend in the great races in that country. He ran well there, but was not successful in the chief races. It was said that ho was too fat, and ex hibited the same sulky disposition at times that he manifested on two occasions on our course.
Provisions were high this year, chiefly because of scant grain crops in the West. The quotations in Columbus on the 80th of May were as follows: Bacon, I5o. for clear sides; Corn $1.20@$1.25 ; Flour, $7.50@$12 per barrel.
A number of revival meetings held in the M. E. Church in June restilted in about fifty conversions. Hev. Dr. L. Pierce, Jiev. J. E. Evans, and Bishop Pierce were among the ministers who conducted the exercises.
The first bale of new cotton, was received on the 28th of August, from the plantation of Rivers Reese, of Chattahoochee county, and sold at I7c. Another bale of the new crop was received on the same day, from Stewart count v, and sold for 17-^e. On the 29th a third bale was received. it wa^

INCIDENTS.

97

from the plantation of James H. Jones, of Russell county, Ala., and was sold by auction at I7Jc.
An old m;:m named David Gunn was found murdered, with his throat cut, on. the night of the llth of September, at his bouse iu the suburbs of the eity. The coroner's jury found that he was killed by John .Dozier, who lived \vi(,h him. The house in which they lived was set on fire and burned the ne.N t evening. It was regarded as a den of vice.
Jefferson. Parks was killed by Van Hansel Hall, in a diffi cult v between them at the house of Patsev Daniel, in the lower part of the city, on the 25th of October. Hall was convicted of manslaughter and .sentenced to four years in. the penitentiary.
James Garrard stabbed and killed Susan lirown, on the night, of the 2d of November, and then stabbed himself in several places so severely that he died in a few days.
Berry Ivirig, in attempting to get on a dray loaded with with wood, fell and was run over, the load crushing and kill ing him in a few minutes.
John Dozier was in November convicted of the murder of David Gun.A, and sentenced to be hung on the 8th of January.
The outbuildings on lots occupied by J. II. Harris and Mr. Speer, on. Jackson street, were burned on the 27th of No vember.
An old man named McAlHster, employed in one of the factories, was drowned in the river on the 6th of December.
John J. Oalhouii was cut in several places and killed by James Thompson, in a difficulty between them on the night of the 4th of December. Both were young men. Thomp son was found guilty of murder, and sentenced to be hung on the 15th of January. ' James Guilford, convicted as acces sory, was sentenced to be hung on the same day. But both these cases, as well as that of Dozier, were appealed to the Supreme Court.

98

PEBSOJN'AJj.

L. P. Rush was this year Presiding Elder of the Columbus

District, and A. M. Wynn and G. N. McDonald Methodist

preachers for Columbus.

William A. Lawes and Wiley N". Hut.ch.-inR wore Magis

trates of the upper district, and John T, Walker and John

Quin of the lower James T/loyd and Wm. Hale Bailiff's of

the upper district, and Jacob W. Shoup and Lemuel r/ockhart

of the lower.

j

E. P>irdsong was County Treasurer ; J., G. Cook, Tax Col- j

lector; J. B. Hicks, Tax Hcceivor; S. A, Wales, B. F. Cole- j

man, T. D. West, J. J. MoKendree and W. .L. Wortium, Justi- |

ces of the Inferior Court.

Thomas Gnrry committed suicide on the 6th of January,

by taking arsenic.

By a run-off of the train, going out of Columbus on the

Muscogee Ka-ilroad, on the 2d of August, John Bryant, fire

man, and Patrick Sullivan, wood handcr, were kilted. George

Smith, the engineer, had a leg and an arm broken.

In October, P. II. Colquitt was elected Senator by a major

ity of two votes over S. A. Wales, and JSr. _L. Howard and

R. L. Mott were elected Representatives of Muscogce county.

James M. Russell was in October elected Judge of the City

Court, vice P. H. Colquitt, resigned.

MABRIAGES.
January 1--John O. Beedy and Georgia A. Willis ; 8, Bnrlly King and Mary Garrett 27, James Clem and Eugenia Simpsoii ; P.miel Cordery fmd. Malvina L. Williams ; Thomas J. Kimbrongli and Frances A. L. Riggers ; 29, Thomas H. Hall and Ann E. Braughton.
February 2--Richard K. Briggs and Martha F. P. Wright ; 4-, Bojin S. Jcffries and Jane Oarrington ; 8, Peter K. Edgar and Ijucinda Higlit ; William K. Smith and Martha J. Porsyth ; liobert fiibson and Elizabeth Howard ; 11, Edmiind S. Boberts and Mary'1-'1- "Whiie,side ; 19, Hiram P. Dowdy and Ijouisa K. McLeroy; 22, John V>T, Gaiumell and Naiicy Barfield ; George A. Camrom and Ann V. Bauls : 24, Simeon Perry and Sarali A. M. Farmer William C. Wellw and Mary E. Beers; Francis M. Pendleton and Sarah V. Ingmire.
March 20--Elijah Conch and and Malincla Batliff; 24, Janiee M- Harris and Mary Y. Levy ; 39, William Garris and Sarah Bailey ; JJ1, Joseph S. Tinney and L7 dia A. Stowe ; John T, Walker and Cynthia M. Tilley.

j

MARRIAGES.

99

April 5--William Wehstor and Winney I. Almoiis ; 8, Iliohard A. I>ykf>s andPtr.>:eMa V'. Byrd; li), Jeremiah Tnylor and Martha Gtunmell ; John A.. Ansley and Missouri Chamber* ,- 22, Nelson rJrJttingham and Merilda Youngblood ; -2, AIIIOR O. Ward and Lucy A. Redding : 26, David P. Russell and Mary E. Wlan^litor; 28, WiJlira Katliff and Elizabeth Salter.
May 1(1- George \V. Homo find Catharine W. Bartlett; John F. C. Seim and Jas.'ipbmi,- E. Phillips ; 22, Jame L. WJlJJs mid Frances Big^ers ; 25, Banjamiu F. Gardner and Martha A. E. Gilwtrap ; 31, Jsuncs M. MeCay and Mary A. L. Hnn-iw.
June l! - .lames M. Williams Find Martha K. Seymour : 7, Charlps W. HewSo and HophronJa McAllster : 14, Le.Ho.y J- Hudson and Martha A. Caldwell.
Jnly I- John N. Chum and Flora E. Thompson, HosweU Kills and Ann L. Wade,- y, Henry Di-akeford and ilarv A. Terry; C, -Tames I). Fcrrill and Sarah Hut sou. ; J 5, Thomas 8. Tnggle and Sarah E. O'Baimon : Iff, Andrew B. Lawson and Julia I. 3ionrguiiie; 2(i, Thomas T. A. ,T. Buftee and Susan S. Henly ; L>B, Joseph B. Aguoro oud Eliza T- Abbott.
August 2--Mayberry Mitt and Arena Crouch ; 4, George ~W. Laugford and MaryJ. Giddings; <>, Dnvid Ouim and Nanoy DGOB ; 11, William G. Wiloy and Mary J. Games; 13, Daniel T. Looney Jind Martha, F,. Kirkland ; 18, Harrison Merrill and Olive T. Smith ; 2J, John T. Moye and Margaret Mc(rnirk : 27, George "VV. Haynos and Victoria R. Broadnax.
September 5-- Jaoksou Konland and rerioclia Lewis ; ti, John I. Bigley and Martha Blakeley ; 7, William K. Jones and Julia A. Good-win; 10, John W. Davia and Frauees A. McKoimoll ; L>4, Andrew Blaglo and Mary Bulloek.
October 4- James W. Tilbuan and Mary A. S^iui ; .">, Vv'illium "D. JEdwa.rds id Martha E. Hood ; 8, Thomas M. i;-.-ymit and M:irHir. Olay ; 11, Dariits Cox and Roxanna 3il. Evane ; 2'.), Adolphus Wittieb and Catliarine Albreeht. November 3--Andrew J. Hudson and Nauey .11. Parkins; : 7, Charles Markham and Mary J. AViggins; ft, TJrtniel Huff and EnsoVm A. Blnnchard ; 9, James S. H. Mcnifee and Hachel 3T. Hooks; 1J, Henry A. Chapman and Martha G. Wales; l l->, Jack D. Clarke and Mary D. Williams ; John S. Smith and Anna Brassill ; 14, John W. Orun and Harriet E. Iloyde ; l.~,, David Joiie* and Elmira Bowe ; 19, Charles B. Mims and Leonora H. Bonne.r ; George GuIIen and Mary E. Smith; 22, Robert I. Kmitli and Clarissa A. TidwetL; 2,7, George A. Kindon and Martha R. Clarke. December 2--Franklin H. Clark and Martha I. Britt ; 3. Abner A. Evans and Mary E. Lyons ; Thomas G. Perry and Eliza J. Wilson : Milton J. Glaze and Frances Fmzier; , Sylvanns Cherry and Deli^h Brasnill; 12, Neal McC.iry and Martha E. Angle ; 1.1, Andrew I. Harris and Martha F. Snellings ; 16, Elisha M. Gram and Nancy Thompwm; Edward W. Beer.s and Sophia V. King; Alexander L. Smith and Sidlie L. Levy; 17, Kuoi-atus Roland and Mary V. Durr; 20, Thomas H. Whitby and Emily M. Guun ; 22, John MeGuire and Nanny Brannon ; Joseph 'D. Traniinell and Mat,tie C. Sapp ; 2S, Daniel Hood and Nancy Edwards; 24, Wjjliam Dates and ISfLnoy Newsom ; 27, William Jordan and Mary A. George ; SO, John Stringiield and Abigail Hendricks j 31, Joseph Teal and Pj-aTic-es Patrick.

100

DEATHS.

tfamiary 7 - Thorn as Curry; V, .Joint Woods; 11, child of Mr. Foley ; 21, child of Mr. Oadnian, Miss Tapper: 24, child of Mrs. Sumuiergill; 2<>, William B. Bacon : 27, Joseph Wise.
February 1--Child of J. A. Bradford 5 2, child of Mr. Cadmaii : 3, Harvill Kent; 8, Sirs. V. R. Tommy: 11,child of Mr. Gnyle : N, Mwrgaivt T-Imlgins, Miss Spencer ; .Hi, child of Mr. Persons : IS, child of Mr. Ronfroe ; III, Mrs. Cynthia Cooper ; 20, Miss Pettis ; 22, child of Mr. Bussey ; 2J, child of Mr. Garrison, child of Mr. .Harden: 27, Mrs. Itobiiisoii; 2tf, Miss Blniikenship, Mr. Upton, .jr.
March 1 -Child of F. C. Johnson; 4, Muster Uptou, child of Mr. Darling; <i, Mrs. Brown ; !). Mr. Crook; II, child of Mr. Flymi : ir>. child of Mr. Frank; 10, Mr. White; ao, child of Mr. Smith, ,1. T. Thompson; 21, Mr. Heiuphill ; 22, child of Mr. McGibbins ; 2-',, child of Elijah AVi.lliauib ; L'y, Mr. Cherry; L"J, Mr. Knight; :>'-.), Mrs. Burrtu, Mrs. Dennis.
April 4--Child of Eliza Garveii ; r>, child of John VMiizai.it : 7, Mr. McDowall; 13, child of Josephine Champion; 14, William Pride ; LC, child of Mr. Lawrence ; 18, Mrs. Shoridaii ; 21, child of Jacob Moore : 22, Caroline McGibbins; Mrs. Txmiya Jane Ware, George Murphuy.
May 1--Child of JoJni Dunahoc, child of Mr. Shnrpe; 2, child of Mr. Browu ; 3, child of Mr. Han-ington ; 7, Jacob Moore, Jauiow lEoore ; S, Mra. Sarah McOarty ; it, Hugh Dohm ; 1O, child of Amandu liodgors, C. .B. DiulJey; 1'2, child of Franoin McGehee ; 17, child of Thomas King: 20, James M. Mitchcll ; 21, child of John Dnuahoc ; 22, child of John JJmiahoe, eliild of A. Dukes, child of ----Hammock, Jlrs. David Cropp ; 29, Joseph Mid-
Jtmc 3-- Child of James (JaiUficld, child of ------ Thomas ; 4, child of ---- Hustings, child of Hpnry Harris ; f., child of Elizabeth Meredith. Klixabcth Hammock; 8, child of K Undley; '..>, child of O. Connor; 12, John Alien, Elvira Hopkins; 15, Mrs. Narcissa Boykin ; 18, child of Mrs. Porter: 21, Martha Moman: 22, child of Mrs. Ware - 24, Aim Kelly; 25, William Gihson, child of George W. Martin : 2(>, child of Bryant Duncan, child of Mr. Black ; 29, Miss Jones, child of F. G. Wilkins
From July 1st to October 1st (no other date given)--Child of J. K. Maddox, Louisa Adcock, Mrs. Maria Brown, Hugh Farish, child of Dr. Gusimian, John Brady, Charles B. Frederick, child of Wm. Davidsoii, Sarah Braispll, Elvira Williams, Mrs. Hugh Dolan, child of Mr. Collins, child from Hospital, lUchard Robinson, child of George Jones, child of Mrs. Shepherd, child of T. Simson, child of W. Barrington, child of John Avery, George Spellman, child of W. Powers, George D. Moss, child of Mrs. Mix, child of Charles Davenport, child of Mr. Smith, Martha Harts:, Mrs. Richard Jones,*child of Mr. I-Udley, George M. Dickson, child of Mrs. Porter, child of John Avery, child of Dr. Cushman, John Mitchcll, child of Wm. Brooks, William Cauley, child of William Getsinger, ------ Hyneman, child of Mrs. Griffin, child of Mrs. G-arrett, child of Mr. Mis, Miss McGurt, child of MrK. Upton, child of

PROSPEROUS YEAR.

101

P. Finnegan, child of William Jones, child of Mr. Stowart, John Code, sr., child of William Prudon, David G-urm, child of W. H. Hill, child of 11. B. Murdock, child of E. M. Gray, Michael Moran, child of A. P. Welsh, child of ------ Leggett, child of William Edward, Mrs. George A. Norris, Sir. Manson, child of Mr. Wat kins, Mrs. Torrcy, Mrs. B. C. Shorter, child of Mr. Brazill, Mrs. Mary Wiseman.
October 1--Mrs. Stalls ; 2, child of Mrs. Edwards, child of Bonj. Dellaiis, child of Ezra Mcrshon ; 3, child of Mrs. Wells ; child of P. Hollihan ; 7, child of Henry Simraons, child of Mrs. O'Tagus, child of Mr. Harris ; 8, Mr. Bankstoii, Ann Hamilton ; 0, child of Mr. Jordan, Mary Miller ; 1O, Joaiah Pranglin ; 11, Mrs. Davis ; 12, child of Mr. Stewart; 38, Mrs. Geo. W. Dillingham ; 11, Mrs. Paradine; 1C, child of Mrs. Brassill, Mrs. Bray,

1858.
Disastrous Railroad Accident----City Ta-j-es.
This appeal's to have been a year of considerable business activity and general prosperity for Columbus. The receipts of cotton were large, and the price good, and a heavy trade with the country was done by the merchants. It was also a year of remarkable good liealth, as the Sexton's reports of interments show. There was a little alarm in November about some cases of fever 011 the portion of Crawforcl street known as Battle Row. It was of a malignant type, resem bling yellow fever, and the report got out into the country that there was yellow fever in Columbus. Several persons died with it. Whatever may have been the proper name for

102

MUSCOGEE ANM> OPELIKA K. R. CONNECTION.

this fever, it did not spread. Krosls occurred while the first cases were suffering from it, and its course was soon arrested.
The municipal officers for this year were--Mayor, K. G. Wilkins ; Aldermen--1st Ward, P. II. Alston, Win. G. Gray; 2d, Peter Preer, James Veriioy 3d, Joseph Kyle, J. K. Kastharn; 4th, M. Barschall, Joseph Smith ; 5th, I). B. Thompson, John T. Walker ; 6th, John Durkin, W. R. Brown ; Marshal, J. M. Hughes ; .Deputy Marshal, II. P. Rob inson ; Clerk, Calvin StraHon ; Treasurer, R. G. MUchell; Sexton, Thos. Nix. These were elected by .the people on the second Saturday in December, 1857, except Mr. Wm. C. Gray, Alderman for the-1st Ward, who was elected on. the 19th of December, there having been a tie in that ward at tho regu lar election between Wm. C. Gray and D. McArthur.
Council elected N. L. Hutch-in s 3 City Attorney ; Dr. Klliscm, City Physician; J. D. Hughes, Bridge-keeper; W. Tilley, Clerk of the Market; Isabella McGehee, Hospital-keeper; Thos. Ragland & Co., City Printers; Port Wardens--D. L. Booher, J. C. Brewer, L. B. Duck, W. I,. Salisbury, John Xiigon; Health Officers--Win. C. Gray, F. J. Abbott, .Kdward Croft, F. S. Chapman, D. C. Jackson, W. J. Chaffin, J. W. King, A. Ingmire, Wm. Daniel, James M. JEverett, John Seely, S. Ogletree.
An act was passed by the Legislature authorizing the Muscogee and the Opclika Branch Railroads to connect their roads by extending them through, the City Commons and streets of 'Columbus, with the assent of the people of the city. Council in March passed, an ordinance authorizing the Muscogee Railroad to connect with the Opelika Branch, by extending its road across the North Commons; also to con nect with the Mobile and. Girard Railroad by extending its road through Thomas street and building a bridge across the river at the foot of Thomas street ; the Muscogee Railroad Company to pay into the city treasury for this privilege $2,000 the first year after the making of the connection and $3,000 for every year thereafter.. This proposition was sub-

CITY TAXATION".

108

mitted to the people at an election held on the 27tb of Feb ruary, and ratified by a vote of 350 to 91. The Muscogee BaiJroad accepted the proposition, and a contract embodying its terms was approved by Council on the 8th of March.
The following were officers of the Fire Department this year: Chief Engineer, J. L. Morton ; Assistant Engineer, J. B". Stmpper ; Columbus Fire Company No. 1--R. A. Ware, President, J. D. Johnson, Foreman; Vigilant No. 2--Jos. A. Roberts, President, James Vcrnoy, .Foreman ; Muscogee No. S--I. G. Strapper, Foreman, Samuel Lawbon, Assistant.
C. C. Cody was in January elected an Alderman, of the 4th "Ward, vice Joseph C. Smith resigned.
The Financial Committee in a report made to Council on the 15th of March, estimated the expenditures necessary for the year at $51,970.* Of this amount $21,000 was for interest on bonds to the Mobile and Girard Railroad, $3,500 for the Opelika Branch Road, and $10,000 for the Gas Company; the bal ance for ordinary expenses. The receipts were estimated at $19,820, including $2,500 from bonds of the Montgomery and West Point Railroad Company. This estimated income was exclusive of the taxes for 1858, to adjust which to the wants of the city treasury the committee recommended a scale of taxes, as follows : On real estate, 15 cents on the $100 "val ue; on sales of all goods merchandise or other articles not specifically taxed, 15 cents on the $100--this for city purposes; additional tax for railroad, purposes, real estate 70 cents on the $100 ; sales as above 30 cents on the $100. The report of the commitee "was adopted with an amendment taxing some other property. Council also resolved to redeem the tax for railroad purposes, when scrip for the same to the amount of $100 should be presented, in stock of the Mobile and Girard Railroad when transferred to the city. Many tax-payers resisted payment of the railroad tax,and a case was carried to the courts by Col. S. Jones and others. Council employed Messrs. Wellborn, Johnson & Sloan as counsel for the city. The collection of the tax being thus suspended, Council bor-

104

INCIDENTS,

rowed $22,444 from the banks, wherewith to pay the'bonds given to the Muscogee Railroad Company. The Supreme Court sustained Col. Jones and others in their resistance to the tax, and Council then, asked of the ^Legislature the pas sage of an act axithorizing a similar tax.
There were four military companies in the city this year, viz : Columbus Guards, Capt. Semmcs ; City Light Girards, Capt. Colquitt ; United Rifles, Capt, Wilkins; and Georgia True Greys, Capt. Andrews.
The new or upper bridge over the river was completed in July, but Council and the company who built it could not agree upon the terms of its acceptance--the company at first asking Council to make a bond to keep it in repair. In No vember the company threw it open to public use, and Coun cil, in turn, declared the lower bridge free ,of toll. A com mittee of Council had reported that the upper bridge was not built in a substantial and satisfactory manner.
John S. Alien was in October elected an Alderman of the 2d Ward, vice Alderman Freer, resigned.
H. P. Robinson having resigned the office of Deputy Mar shal, on accoiint of bad health, Henry Pviley was elected on
the 13th of November.
INCIDENTS,
The river was' very high on the 13th and 14th of January, and for a time much apprehension was felt for the bridges, but they were not injured. The bank on the Girard side caved greatly,> whole acres falling into the river, taking one or two houses with them. No lives were lost. The Palace Mills
sustained considerable damage. Michael Tracy was shot in the breast and killed by a man
named Hinch, on the 7th of February. The affray between them occurred between Bridge and Crawford streets. Hinch was a comparative stranger, having been in the city but a
short time. He was arrested and committed. "Suspension" was this year the terminus of the Mobile and
Girard Railroad^ and a postoffice was established there in April.

INCIDENTS,

105

At the Spring Term of Muscogee Superior Court, Samuel Hinch was found guilty of the murder of Michael Tracy, and sentenced to be hung on the 2d of July. James Thompson was re-sentenced to be hung1 on the same day. Thompson made a speech exonerating Guilford, who, after obtaining a new trial, had plead guilty of involuntary manslaughter and been re-sentenced to three years in the penitentiary. Thomp son was hung on the 2d of July, according to sentence. Hinch by appeal, secured a postponement of his execution. He was re-sentenced and he and Dozier were hung on the 17th of December.
A great revival of religion was experienced in Columbus in May and June. On the last Sunday in May about sixty new converts joined the M. E. Church, and a number joined the other churches of the city. On the first Sunday in June about seventy joined the Presbyterian Church. The esti mate up to that time was that 170 had joined the Methodist clrarch, 70 the Presbyterian, 60 the Baptist, and 26 the Epis copalian. Many more accessions were afterwards made to each of these churches, making the whole number of con verts during the revival over 500,
The M. E. Church in Girard, now in use, was dedicated on the 18th of July by Bev. "$". G. Conner, of LaGrange. The same gentleman dedicated a new M. E. Church "in the lower part of the city" (Columbus) on the 1st of August.
The first bale of new cotton was received from the planta tion of Mrs. A. E. Shepherd, in Stewart county, 011 the 30th of July, and sold for 14^ cents.
A new Baptist Church, for the negroes of that denomina tion? was dedicated on the 22d of August, by Bev. J. H. DeVbtie. Its location was the northwest corner of St. Clair and Front streets.
The Enquirer commenced the publication of a daily paper 011 the 24th of September.
A white woman, Mrs, Minchin, was burnt to death by a fire in her house in the southern part of the city on the night

106

RAIL KOAD DISASTERS.

of the 13th of November. The fire was extinguished before burning the house.
The Georgia Conference of the M. K. Church was hold in Columbus in November--Bishop Pierce presiding.
George D. Prentice of Louisville, Kentucky, lectured in Columbus on the 20th of.December, to a good audience.
A terrible railroad disaster, which greatly agitated the city, occurred on the morning of the 31st of December, at the crossing of Eandall's creek, about sixteen miles east of. Columbus. Heavy rains had fallen, and the creek was very full, washing out some of the foundations of the bridge. The train which left Columbus broke through and was pre cipitated into the swollen stream. The passenger car was , overturned and borne down stream. There were about forty passengers on the train, and twelve or fourteen of them were ; killed either by the fall or by drowning. . Among those lost were Mr. Bouche and Mr. W. H. Snell, train hands, of Co lumbus ; Henry Miller, engineer, of Columbus; two Misses Guise, of Salem, Ala.; a negro man belonging to K. E. Dixon, another "belonging to Mr. Mustian, and another belonging to J. . M. Kuasell. Some of the passengers were carried down stream half a mile. Some, after floating or swimming a dis tance, caught to trees, where they remained for some time before they could be rescued. The person who first brought the news to Columbus was a negro, who thought that he was the only person saved, and his report greatly alarmed the citizens. On the train was Mr. Pryor's noted race horse, Moidore, who was lost.
Another accident occurred about the same hour, in the im mediate neighborhood of the city, to the train coming from Macon, and was caused by the sinking down of the track over a culvert, when the engine ran on it. Mr. Jno. ^Valker, the fireman, was instantly killed; a negro man was caught in the wreck and scalded to death; Mr. George Smith, the engineer, had his jaw broken. The accident blocked up the track and prevented the sending of succor to the sufferers at..

CARRIAGES.

107

Randall's Creek as soon as communication with them would otherwise have been established.
rJCRSpNATv.
The county officers this year were--F. M. T^roolcs, SlieriJY; A.S.Rutherford, Clerk of the Superior Court; A. P. Jones, Clerk of the Inferior Court ; J. B. Hicks, Tax Receiver ; Thos. Chaffin, Sr., Tax Collector; Edward Birdsong, Treas urer ; J, B. "VYright, Coroner ; John G, Bethune, Public Ad ministrator ; J. K. Ijaraar, Surveyor.
R.-C. Forsyth having resigned the postnaastership of Colum
bus, Dr. II. M. Jeter was in November appointed his successor. The M. E. appointments for Columbus, for this year, were
as follows: For St. !Luke, E.CV. A. M. Wynn, assisted by liev. J. M. Austin; Factory Mission, liev. W. W. Tidwell and Rev. C. L. Hays ; Girard Colored Charge, Rev. W. D. Shew.
MARRIAGES.
January 1--John Kingsley and Mary A. HobiDso.n; f>, Joseph Galvan and Miry Ann Bold ; G, Moses II. Phillips and Harriot E. Minis, John Day is and Mary Sperlin ; 7, Thomas H. Burcli and Charlotte C. Gray, G-eorge B. Hays and Mai-y P. Wood, Joseph Springer find Emily Gettingev, Thomas Bankston and Elizabeth Roberts, Aaron L. Harrison and Mary J. Owen; 10, William Clarida and Sarah "VV. Kelly; 13, George W. Dawson and Annie J- Sankey; U, Wesley T. HarnuUnd Mary D. lioland, Wiley S. Green and Eleanor A. Tillman; 20, WilliK Spivey ami Kaoliei Bhirrer, Jacob G. Bnrrus and Anna R. Biiekler ; 21, William It. Hollman and Georgia It. Champion; 24, Edaind B. Ginn and Alley Jane Ti.iS ; 20, David I. /Jiltt and Salina A. Wells ; 27, Beverly A. Harris and Elizabeth Reufroe ; 29, Charles Sinclair and Bar, bara A. Ply made.
February 2--John G. Jones and Elizabeth A. Plumb ; 3, George W. King and Caroline M. English; 4, William B. Watkiiis and Mary Jones, La-wis B. Jenkins and Barah R. Pope ; 9, Peter T. Bugg, jr., and Elizabotli Wagnor ; 10, WilHaro T^. Clark and Anna P- Ridgway ; is, Bird B. Forsyth and Char lotte Creamer; 21, William P. Duncan and Adaline Haekiiey, James Belcher and Elizabeth Magraff, Jonathan Ward aud Mary H. Gilbert; 25, William Uukes and Permplia Walker,
March 5--Lawrence A. Sturgis aud Mary D.. Forsyth ; 7, Charles Cherry and Mary Thompson ; 10, Malcolm MeNeil and Permelia Edwards ; 14, John Flemiuing and Susan Scroygins ; 15, Edward Mc-Lesky and Elizabeth Barnes 22, John K. Moon and Lezina Murphy ; John Kirkland and Susan. Skates ; SO, Jonathan Harralson and Martha E. Thompson; 31, William. G. Brown and Frances C. Kent.

108

MARRIAGES.

April l--Moses H. Hall and Mary A. Smimons; (!, Barney Yeasy and Narsissa Williams ; 8, Bartley Smith and Mary Holstead, George B. Clark and Martha A. Johnson ; 14, Fielding ~W. Acee and Martha J. Kirvin ; 15, James T. Robisou and Susan J Bugg, William Graham, jr., and Mary Davis, Calvm F. Miller and Mary P. Systrythe, James M. Skinner and Martha L. Coleman ; I 7, David Tuiirey and Jane Cobb ; 18, Telfair W. Moore and Mary O. Conner ; 23, David Ferry and Cordelia R. Odom ; 24, James Newsom and Martha Thompson ; 25, Seaborn Dowdy and Leonora Harris.
May !)--Benjamin Lane and Margaret Holley; 11, Josephs. Garrett and Virginia E. Heard ; 12, Samuel Anthony and Mary A. F. Motley ; 13, Wiley G. Roper and Virginia A. Belaml; Benjamin Yarborougli and Eliza Lacy; 17, Francis I. Fagg and Martha E. Smith; 24, George W. NicholBon and Celia A. Haddock ; 31, Samuel H. Hill and Rebecca C, Kookogee.
June H--William H. Smith and Mary A. It. Barnes; 8, William H. Pace and Susan A. Foster ; 10, Joseph W. Baker and Arran Coleman ; K>, Martin W. Beck and Catharine M. Gallioun ; 17, James L. Wave and Susan I. "Ware ; 18, George W. Jones and Adaliiie Whitten; IS), Robert Statum and Elvira Abney.
July 1--Horace H. Taft and Sarah A. Bardwell; 4, Stephen B. Freeman and M.ivy A. Duffel ; 8, Hiram A. Gibstm and Frances ft. Rogers; 15, William I. D,ivie' and F.Hza F. Miller ; 22, James T. Phillips and Frances Wilkinson ; 2G, Giles Tvey and Elizabeth Ciirrie.
A-ugnst 3--Nathaniel A. Nuckolls and Elizabeth P. Kyle ; 4, James F. Cooper and Ann Murphy ; G, Hiram F. Williams and Martha A. Harrell ; 8, Jesse LighUoot and Martha Littleton ; <), Archibald M. Kimbrougli and Nancy M. Hiimer ; 10, Jarred L. Heed and Eugenia McDonald ; 12, Richard L. Eilison and Lucinda E. Helmes; 22, William Hammock and Sarah A. DavidKon ; John II. B. Shippey and Georgia A. Askew ; 27, William H. Har vey and Mary Gamiuell.
September J)- -Theodore E wing and Elizabeth Matthi son; 1">, James M. Diiffee . and Hotly E. Stringer; Cull en C. Hnrclison and Fredonia N. Harp; 1C, Rice B. Pierce and Martha M. Cowan; 17, William Parish and Caroline Seaborn; 2;!, Appleton linygood and Elizabeth C. Martin; James P. Floyd and Martha A. Lloyd ; 30, Alfred Hataling and Catharine Com*; Josiah Boland and Susan Hammock; John Hartis and Susan Smith; James Collins and Elizabeth Scott.
October 3--Simeon Smith and Alvania, George; 7, Johnson E. T. Stoltz and Mary Davie ; 9, John Ingram and Nancy A. Goulding ; 12, Lewis Harrison and Rosalie Branch ; 14, Samuel C. Rogers and Susan W. Pool; Eothieb N. Aenchbacker and Martha I. Crouch; 17, John W. Skinner and Sarah A. E. Brooks ; 2O, James M. Crouch and Margai-et Clardy ; 2G, Charles Dudley and Hcmrietta Jackson ; 27, Alexander C. Kirvin and Susan E. Andrews ; 28, Joh.li Gavdnp.r and L. Anna MoGinty ; James W. Massoy and Sarah Yates; 31, Millentoii D. Henderwoii and Sarah D. Green.
November 2--James H. Toole and Mary A. McRea; 11, John F. Ellisoti and Mary L Robinson ; Floyd Alford and Mary I. Culbretli; 29, John Treadaway and Emily Justice.

DEATHS.

109

December 12--Hillery G. Gny and Elizabeth Turville ; 15, John T. Wright and Sarah Hethcock ; 10, Thomas K. Jones and Mary J. Ha-graves ; 17, Per ry W. Dalton and Nancy M. M. Jordan; 21, George H. Smith and Mary V. CftUiow; 22, Samuel E. Smith and Elizabeth Hammonds ; 2(i, William Smith and Mary Davidwou ; 28, Robert Garvin and Mary A. Wynne ; 30, Leighton W. Hatcher and Caroline Davis ; Henry T. Morris and Sarah E. Camran ; Bryant Barnes and Leviney Marler ; Joseph M. I. Tally and Elizabeth A. Jones; George B. Mansel and Jane Creamer; 81, James C. Brooks and Elizabeth Mote.
DEATHS.

January 3--Louisa Lawrence ; 4., child of Mr. Warner; 0, James Ivey; 10, Jane Hall; 11, John Hunley ; 15, Leverett Norris ; 24, child of Mr. Lit tle ; 2<>, child of Mr. Langford.
February ;!--Child of Joseph Oswalt; 7, Mr. Traey (killed); 12, Mrs. Paul Long; 13, John Harnett; 14, Micajah Benuott ; 17, child of Wm. A. Beach, Mrs. Roswell Ellis ; 28, Miss RoweU (killed by accident.)
March --No deaths. April 10--John Tray wick ; 17, child of D. T. Lamney ; 22, McDonald Brooks, child of Samuel Lewis; 2S, Elizabeth Worsham. May 17--Child of Mr. Wornum, Win. E. Love - I'O, Abraham Brown; 27, James Harris. June 2--Child of Amanda lingers ; 7, George L. McGeheo ; 9, child of Mr, Salay ; 10, child of Olmrls Crichtoii ; 24, child of J. P. Murray ; 29, Mrs. M. Nance. July 3--Samuel Brannon, A. K. Ayer; 9, child of Samuel Lewis ; 13, James B. Jones ; 22, Mr. Heley; 25, child of Mr. Gilbert. August 1-- K. IT. Calhoua ; 3, child of John Jones ; ">, Mr. Pitta ,- C, Wil liam Doiiglass ; 9, Rllen Grimsley ; 23, Francis Wilhelm ; 20, Miss Noble ; 27, child of James Fryer. September 2--Child of Felix McArdle; 4, child of James Welsh; 12, Thomas G. Moffett, child of Seaborn J. Smith ; 25, Michael N. Clark ; 27, child of Joseph Pranglin ; 28, Daniel M. Barber.
(FKOM THE NEWSIPAPEKH. ) September 28--Hon. S. A. Wales, late Senator, and a Judge of the Infe rior Coiirt. Oct. 11--Patrick McCarthy ; 7, Mrs. Elizabeth Bright Lindsay; 16, Mrs. Olivia M. Harris; 17, Sanmtd D. CJarke,- 25, (in Girard) Miss Flora Phillips. Doc. 25--William B. Moore; 2(J, (at Apalachicola) John E. Clark, of Columbus.

110

CITY OFFICIALS FOB THE TEAR.

1859.
Destructive Warehouse Fires--Railroads--Market Ordinance.
The election for municipal officers of this year was held under an amendment of the charter, which required the elec tion of Aldermen by general ticket, but Ward representation was still preserved by the requirement that two Aldermen, should live in each Ward. This is the mode of election still maintained. It met with strong opposition when first pro posed, and the Council of 1858 protested against it. The act passed only a few days before the election on the second Sat urday in December, 1858.
A leading question in the election of a city government for this year was that of the new bridge. The candidates nominated on the " People's Ticket" were opposed to the Council's receiving the bridge on the terms and conditions proposed by the company that had it built; and this ticket was successful in the election.
The candidates for Mayor were F. G. Wilkins and W. H. Holstead, and the vote between them stood--Wilkins 388, Holstead 353. The following gentlemen were elected Alder men : 1st Ward, J. J. McKendree, Edward Croft; 2d, J. W. King, J. A. Urquhart; 3d, T. O. Douglass, A. C. Kivlin; 4th, M. Barschall, C. C. Cody; 5th, D. B. Thompson, John Quin ; 6th, S. Ogletree, John Darkin. Dr. Urquhart's name was on both tickets. The vote for the " People's Ticket" ranged from 406 to 476; that for the "New Bridge Ticket" from 214 to 323. J. M. Hughes was elected Marshal; G. W. Haynes, Deputy Marshal; R. G. Mitchell, Treasurer; Calvin Stratton, Clerk; and Thos. Nix, Sexton.
Council elected John Peabody, City Attorney ; Dr. Ellison, City Physician; W. Tilley, Clerk of the Market; John Bunnell, Bridge Keeper; Mrs. Isabella McGehee, Hospital Keep er ; J. Bradford, Magazine Keeper; James H. Bethune, City

RAILROADS.

Ill

Printer ; Health Officers--M. A. Doney, D. McArthur, A. F. Braimon, Dr. Ware, Jos. Daniel, Thos. Sloan, John Whitesides, John Ligon, W. Daniel, J. T. Walker, Theo. -Ewing; Port Wardens--J. R. Easthani, Jas. Everett, W. J. Chaffin, J.F. Howard, Wm. L. Salisbury.
One of the first subjects that necessarily engaged the attenion of the new Council was that of the bridges. A commitee was appointed to report some arrangement to adjust the difficulty. This committee reported that it had not succeeded n making any satisfactory arrangement with the owners of he new bridge, and offered a resolution re-establishing tolls OB the lower bridge. This resolution was rejected. Council resolved to allow the bridge-keeper house rent free tempoarily, as compensation for his taking care of the bridge, and n March voted him. one dollar per day, up to that time, in addition. ISTo arrangement having been effected with the raers of the new bridge, both bridges remained free of toll.
Thomas M. Hogan was in March, elected an Alderman of he 2d Ward, vice Alderman Urquhartj resigned.
In March, the Muscogee Railroad Company petitioned louncil to release it from the prohibition to connect the Musogee and Opelika liailraads within the city limits previous o a connection with the Mobile and Girard Railroad, also, ;ud proposed to pay a tax of Jf> 1,000 annually for the priviege of connecting the two first-named roads alone--this to nclude the tax previously levied on the Muscogee Railroad. Council having given consent, the Company advertised on he 26th of March for proposals for the grading and masonry 'f the connecting section.
The friends of the Opelika and Talladega Railroad and the Opelika and Oxford Railroad, respectively, were quite active his year in urging the claims of these two projects. Columms was interested in both. A meetiiig of the citizens, called >y the Mayor, was held in the Council Chamber on the 17th if May, at which prominent gentlemen of Tallapoosa and

112

MARKET ORDINANCE.

I

Chambers counties, Alabama, representing the two enter- . prises, made interesting addresses. The meeting manifested ' approbation of both schemes, but did not recommend any im mediate aid from Columbus, regarding the.progress so far, made in obtaining subscriptions as not sufficient to justify a subscription by the city.
The proposition for building a Railroad from Columbus to LaGrange, via Hamilton, was also engaging attention this year. Meetings "were held, delegates appointed to railroad conventions, &c., but no progress was made in building the road.
Some of the citizens were greatly opposed to a "Market Ordinance" passed by Council, compelling vendors of country produce to carry their "truck" to the Market House only for sale up to a fixed hour of the day. Gen. Bethune took the lead in opposition to this ordinance, and disregarded it, for which Council undertook to punish him. He carried a case to the Supreme Court, argued it himself, and obtained a judgment that the ordinance was illegal and the action of Council unwarranted. [An amendment of the charter has since given Council the powers then exercised.]

INCIDENTS.
The Georgia Baptist Convention met in Columbus in April, and was largely attended.
A young man named Pittman was shot in the thigh, on the 5th of May, by the accidental discharge of a pistol which he was carrying in his pocket. The accident occurred on War ren street. The ball ranged downward towards the knee, and the wound produced lockjaw, which ended' fatally about two weeks after the accident.
An old man named Paradise, a fisherman, was run upon and badly mangled by a train on the Mobile and Girard Rail road, as it was coming in on the 3d of June. He was deaf, and did not hear the train approaching, which could not he checked up entirely until the cow-catcher struck him.

DISASTROUS FIRE, ETC.

113

The house of Mr. K. P. Spencer, on Front street near Handolph, was destroyed by fire on the 7th of June.
On the night of the 8th of June, a little after 9 o'clock, one of the most destructive fires that the city ever sustained broke out among the cotton stored in the Alabama Ware house, then kept by Messrs. King, Alien & Carnak. It spread .with, astonishing rapidity and soon enveloped the whole warehouse, which was well stored with cotton. The heat in a few minutes became too great for the firemen and others to operate inside. The flames soon communicated to the Fontaine Warehouse, kept by Messrs. Hughes, Daniel & Co. Both warehouses were consumed with about eight thousand bales of cotton. A considerable quantity of bagging, bacon, flour, grain, &c., was also burned. The total loss amounted to $500,000 or $600,000, of which the larger portion was not insured. The fire was grand and terrible in its proportions, and the heat was so intense that it could be felt across the river. The origin of the fire was a mystery, and it was by many believed to be the work of an incendiary. It was un controllable from the start.
The Israelites of Columbus consecrated a temporary place of worship in 'June of this year, and were then making an effort to build a Synagogue. There were then about twenty families of Israelites in Columbus, as we learn from a letter of Rev. L. Z. Sternheimer.
Joseph Malone, a sculptor, who worked in the marble yard of T. Kenny, was drowned in the river, into which he went to bathe, on the 7th of August.
The first bale of new cotton was received on the 19th of August, and was sold at 12J cents. It was from the planta tion of W. S. Shepherd, of Stewart County. Another bale was received later in the same day, from the plantation of John M. Sapp, of Chattahoochee county, and sold at 12 cts.
The Second Methodist Church in Columbus (now called St. Paul's) was dedicated on the 9th of October. Kev. Dr. Lovick

114

MARRIAGES.

Pierce preached the sermon for the occasion, and was n - ;istcd in the exorcises by Rev. Alfred Mann. Dr. Pierce wa;= the first pastor.
PJfiKSCHSTAIi.
J. ~\V. rTinton was presiding Elder of Col 11 mbus 1 ^t.; trict, and the following were stationed M. K. 1'rcachers in Colum bus and Girard: 1st Church, Alfred Mann; 2d Church, Lovick Pierce ; Pierce Chapel and Colored charge, O. Driscoll ; Factory Mission, W. K. Wardlaw; Girard and Colored Mission, O. W. Ijandreth.
County officers elected in January : J. Jj. Ho well, Tax Col lector ; I. T. "Brooks, Tax Receiver; E. Birdsong, County Treasurer; T. T). AVest, a Justice of the Inferior Court.
J. TJ. Morton was Chief, and T. O. Douglass, Assistant of the Fire Department.
Mr. E. Birdsong, County Treasurer, having died in Fcbruury, Mr. II. S. .Kstes was appointed by Governor Brown to fil. the vacancy'-.
MARRIAGES.
January 2--Georgo W. Tft ami Mary C. Giiiri ; fi, Joseph Bambuse Martha Dnncan ; 3 a, James J. SLul and Lclie B. Bonnor ; 13, James J. Cook and Sarah A. Bozemnn; 23, Puiicau Smith and Sarah I. Clarke j 24, William I. _Blac-.kiii tm and Sarah I. Collms.
February 3--Lcoiiida H. CogbiJl aud Elizabeth Murray ; 8, Richard Gill and Eusina I. Hound ; Wiley Cannon and Harriet Browning ; 1L>, Charles G. Rush slid Emily Horton ; 13, Tliomas P. Thorn ton and Mary A. Freema 14, Alexander Turner and Charlotte G. Carlton ; 15, Erasmus D. Nave and ] Mary E. Hay ; 20, James M. Kelly and Mary Oswalt; 24, Henry Barnett and Maggie A. Williams.
March 3--Kcal W. Albroulit and Camilla C. Lightnrir ; 7, John H. Horton and Ellen Garrett; 1(), Jamos M. Flotcher and Mary E. Wbipple ; 13, Wm. F. Hudson and Eliza I. Wellborn ; 14, Parley B. Adams and Caroline P. Henry ; 17, William I. Webb and Angeline E. Banister.
April 5--James Boyd and Sarah I, B'ulloek ; 7, Tliomas Johnson and Lucy Smith; 10, Isaac H. Giles and Matilda Collhis ; 12, Archibald F. Gantry and i Sarah E. Omans; 17, Thomas Ryans and Louisa Smith ; 21, James L. Baglcy and Sarah A. Riddle ; John I. H. Stockdale and Mary I. Cook; Jesse Gulledge and Susan E. Young ; Byrd M. Grace and Indiana Barden ; 24, Pattereon Garrison and Eliza E. Clark; 20, John G. McKee and Georgia M. Smith; 28, Robert Motley and Mary L. Comer.

5IABRIAGES.

115

May 3--Thomas G. Greer and Anna Odom ; 11, Thomas Ellis and Mary Dnffell ; 12, Samuel W. Anthony and Mary A. F. Motley ; 24, Franklin C. Johnson and Joanna L. Day ; Alfred M. Greens and Missouri E. McDonald; 25, Thomas W. Dawson and Anna E. Cody ; Joel W. Blackmon and Louisa Gibson.
June 1--Daniel McDaniol and Mnry A. E. Edwards; William Kaibnn and Harriet Mainyard ; 1 >, Edmund D. Jones and Emily E. King ; 14, John S. Deer and Nancy W. Crawford; 15, John Leo and Nancy A. Itobrson; 10, Berry Donghiy and Emily Contprs ; David Y- Tinnon nnd Augustus A. Baxley ; 19, Isaac K. Crawford and Eda A. Clark ; 21, Francis M. Gammell and Frances E. MeGee ; 2B, Samuel McLendon and Matilda Long; 28, Hugh H. Psrkyn and Isabella R. Mnn; 30, Leander Odoni and Nnncy L. M. Wallace; Orlando C. Young and Letha Ann Johnson.
July 3--Zachariah Cohen and Martha McOullers; Joshua Ellis and Mary A. I. FoJey; 4, William 8. Leo, jr., and Melissa A. Cook ; James Broughton and Berthena Smith ; 5, Moses Johnson and Harriet Smith ; 7, Qco. W. Driggers und Mary K. Yearly ; William H. Smith and Melvina Ford ; 9, Joseph Hampshire and Frances Unse; 12, William II. Thompson and Georgia A. McKay ; 24, John II. Kobinson and Catharine Thompson ; 28, James Stringfellow and Elizabeth A. Wallace.
August 2 -Origsby E. Thomas, jr., and Martha B. Slnde; 3, Oliver B. Huckaba and Emma E. Thomas ; G, Eobt. E. Baker and Missouri Stephens ; 11, Joseph Warliek and Nancy Simpson ; 12, James M. Singleton and Hannah A. Granthnm ,- 18, Nicholas E. Miller and Triphena C. Dean ; Kugena B. Woodham and Nancy King; 2O, Newett L. Smith and Mary Duke ; 2r>, John S\vinEy and Mary A. Collins ; 2:1, James I,. Wells and Martha Lueius.
September *i -Oliver II. Miller and Mary Pnrker ; 0,, Amos MeLendon and Mary A. Lanam'; 11, Warren C. Huff and Lizzie M. Odom ; 12, Stephen C. Hyman and Emily A. C. Wood; 18, Alexander Watson and Mary Dean ; 28, James Shaver and Elizabeth I. Clegg; 29, Franklin George, and Anna Day; Andrew Jackson and Mary F. Jenkins.
October r,--John H. Butt and Johdgeline Winter ; 6, Sebastian Iloffman and Sarah E. FT. Sherly; Edmund H. Urowning and Elizabeth Frier; 1U, Robert Gr. Johnson and Malvina A. Thompson ; 15, Robert I. Bozernan arid Louisa Y. Rnssell ; l(i, Edmund I. Kelly and Sarah M. McKenzie ; 17, Richardson Gliadwick and Euna V. F'alkner ,- William H. Dinkjns and Martha P. "Wicker; 20, Thomas Turnage and Harriet Burnett ; 22, Bobert C. Brooks and Evaline Phillips ; 30, James L. Kimbrough and Mary E. Cashiro ; 31, Thomas B. Long and Winnie Seaborn ; Joseph N. Harley and Mary A. Chaney.
November 3--Josiah H. Smith and Carrie C. Enderinan ; William E. Ray and Louisa I. McClesky; 4, Jefferson T. Foster and Elizabeth Godwin ; Samuel O. Watkins and Susan Massey; B, Harris W. Freeman and Matilda Sampler ; James F. Warthen and Lydia I. Rhodes ; Frank T. Torbett and Louisa J. Burt; 15, Thomas L. Kennady and Mary I. Luekie; 17, Reddick C. Pearco and Mary J. Harrison; 23, William I. Miller and Cornelia I. Tyler ; Furmaii W. Mims and Lcah F. A. D. Thomas.

116

DEATHS.

December 1--James R. McGehec and AvarJlla E. Oawfor-1: S, William S. Lockhart and Mary A. M. Skinner; Alexander S.solt and Carol me O. Wall; Howard W. Fimiey and Susan E. Smith; ], Win. E. Fickling and Martha E. Rogers; Isaac Gammons and Jane A. E. Bozeman; Jmifm P. Buolianan and Louisa Se.mple ; IS, David N. Morris and Elizabeth Duke ; li>, James J. Cherry and Minerva McGehee ; 21, Alien G. Burge and Aiii--:nda McCay; William I. Bnirdand Mary A. Whafcley ; 23, Jackson P. Johnson and Mary Yanuy - 24, John I. Lambert and Ainanda N. Stephens ; 2,j, Phillip Henly and Susannah Hudson ; John G-allaway and Louisa M. Smith ; 27, Williai A. DunklLn and Jennie A. Thompson ; 28, Jasper Blackwell and Mary A. Roberson ; 31, William M. Alien nud Saram;mtha I. Phillips.

DEATHS.

January 13--Mrs. J. L. Pearce ; 21, (in Apalachicola,) Thomas Poitevent,

of Girard ; 2t>, E. Birdsong, County Treasurer.

February 1--(in Wynnton,) infant child of J. II. Sikcs ; --, John E. Clark;

23, (at White Sulphur Springs,) Mrs. Martha A. Mitohell, of ColumbuS ; 26,

(in G-irard,) John Godwin, builder of the city bridge ; 28, (in Girard,) Mrs.

Delilah Heed.

March 6--Joseph W. Thomas, former editor of the Enquirer: 15, Thos.

E. Greenwood.

May 11---Mrs. Temperance Whitesides; 11, (in Wynnton,) James Phil

ip, infant son of John E. Lamsir.

June 8--Thomas Emmons, infant son of Thos. S. Spear; 10, Miss Amelia,

daughter of James A. Bradford ; 11, James McCoy, foreman of the machine

shop of the Mobile and Girard Railroad, in Girard; 13, Mrs. A. H. Flewellen;

21, (in Girard,) Green B. Woodsou ; li), William Rankin ; 28, (in Girard,)

Martha Elizabeth, infant daughter of J. C. Harris.

""

July 6--Reuben Allison, infant son of W. C. .Gray ; 12, (in Wynnton,)

Mrs. Virginia A. Oliver ; 21, (in Girard,) William Wommack ; 23, (at Warm

Springs, Meriwether,) John H. Davis, of Columbus.

August 3--William H. Lamar, Deputy Sheriff; 21, George W. Carey; 26,

Miss Adora Rebecca, daughter of Joseph D. Hughes.

Sept. 9--John Joseph, infant son of James M. Everett; --, John M.

Flournoy ; 18, Miss Laura, daughter of Joseph D. Hughes; --, Dr. Richard

H. Lockhart; 27, Mrs. Elizabeth Gammel, aged 115 years.

Oct. 13 (in Linnwood,) Dr. Thos. W. Dawson ; 16, Dr. George S. Uarda-

way ; 24, Victor S. Townsley ; f). Dr. Solon M. Grigg; 1(5, Willie E. DuBose;

30, (in Girard,) Miss Jeannette Phillips,

jjov. 14--FidelBachle; 29, John Lloyd.

Doc. 2-- Cyprian, infant son of D. F. Willcox ; --, Mrs, Ann Gambrill;

1;>, William H. Huff ; i:>, (in Richmond, Texas,) Hon. Mirabeau B. Lftmar.

CITY OFFICIALS FO"R THE YEAR.

117

I860.
.Railroad Projects--Political Mx.citem.ent--Military Or
ganizations.
The following was the result of the municipal election on the second Saturday in December: Ma3r or, Willis S. Hoistead; Aldermen--1st Ward, K. Barnett, J. H. Merry,- 2d, Edward Croft, J. W. King ; 3d, Jarnes M. Bivins, W. L. Wornum ; 4th, John Ligon, W. L, Salisbury; 5th, John Quin, D. B. Thompson; 6th, James T. Daniel, John Durkin. The opponents of Mr. Holstead for Mayor were Wm. Perry and "W. A. Tennille. Jas. M. Hughes was elected Marshal; GK A. Huckeba, Deputy Marshal; Calvin Stratton, Clerk; R. G-. Mitchell, Treasurer ; and Henry Harris, Sexton.
Council elected "William Tilley, Clerk of the Market; John Peabody, City Attorney ; F. C. Ellison, City Physician; Thomas Gilbert & Co., City Printers; Joseph E. Webster, Wharfinger ; G. F. Neuffer, Magazine Keeper ; Mrs. Isabella McGehee, Hospital Keeper.. Port "Wardens--Jas, M. Everett, T. O. Dcraglass, "Van Marcus, S. Ogletree, A. M. Kirnbrough.
The report of the Treasurer showed that the city was in debted for bonds to the Mobile and Girard Railroad $300,000, bonds to Opelika Branch. Hoad $50,000, bonds to City Gaa Light Company $10,000, Muscogee Railroad stock $1,200, stock for Opelika Railroad Depot $10,000, and stock for div idends in Gas Light Company $2,000.
Council made a contract, in February, with Messrs. Groetchius & Hodges for the building of a new Market House on Oglethorpe street, near St. Glair. Some of the citizens, filed an injunction a few days afterwards.
Messrs. J. A. Bradford, M. Barschall and S. R. Andrews, assessors of real estate in the -city, reported in February that
9

118

RAILROAD PROJECT.

they had taken the census of Columbus, and gave the follow ing statistics : White males 2,381, white females 2,394-- total whites 4.755 ; colored males 1,013, colored females 1,328--total colored 2,341 ; total population 7,116. Value of real estate, $2,986,200. This enumeration included only the city proper, within the incorporated limits.
The Enquirer of the 10th of April announced that the Eagle Manufacturing Company had purchased the Howard Fac tory, and would run both establishments. It added: "We understand that these united Factories run 10,000 cotton and 1,300 woolen spindles; that they have 282 looms weavingcotton and woolen goods ; that they consume nine bales of cotton and 1,000 pounds of wool per day, and employ 500 hands, at an expense of $240 per day for their labor. The capital employed is $375,000."
Work was commenced on the Mobile and Girard Railroad Bridge this year, but was suspended after the construction of two of the piers, and the bridge was not finished until after the war.
S. B. Warnock was on the 30th of June elected an .Alder man of the 3d Ward, in the place of Alderman Bivins, re signed. The whole city voted, and the election aroused con siderable interest, from the fact that the candidates ran as friends or opponents of the re-election of Maj. Howard as President of the Mobile and Girard Railroad. Mr. Warnock was opposed to Major Howard's re-election, and received 350 votes to 299 for Mr.T.O. Douglas. Council had instructed its delegates to the Convention of stockholders to vote for Major Howard, but after this election it re-considered that vote and instructed them to vote for Wm. H- Mitcliel, Esq. At the meeting of stockholders, Mr. Mitchel was elected without op position.
There were several projects of improvement in whose be half aid from the city was this year asked. There were the Opelika aud Talledega, the Opelika and Oxford, and the La-

PARTY POLITICS.

119

Grange Kailroads, further aid to the Mobile and Girard Hailroad, so as to extend it to Union Springs ; and a system of Water Works for the city. Council adopted an ordinance submitting to a vote of the people, on the first Saturday in July, the question of subscribing not exceeding $150,000 for the introduction of water into the city, and $100,000 to the Opelika and Talladega Kailroad (now known as the Savannah and Memphis.) The vote was taken on each proposition sep arately. The subscription to the Railroad was approved by a vote of 206 to 27. The vote on the Water Works question stood--yeas 38, nays 187. The proposition thus defeated was to bring water into the city from the river above, by means of an aqueduct.
The tax returns of the county, made this year, showed 981 polls, number of slaves 6,164, free negroes 37, number of acres of land--first quality 1,983, second quality 2,568, third quality 2^,926, pine land 176,883, value of land $1,800,474, value of city property $2,415,625, value of slaves $4,203,350, amount of money and solvent debts $3,076,128, amount of merchandise $1,078,905, amount of shipping or tounage $17,920, all othe\r capital invested in stock of any kind $548,115, value of household and kitchen furniture over $300--$139,200, value of other property not before enumerated $407,796-- total $13,687,486. This being the year immediately preced ing the war, these statistics are interesting for comparison.
The census taken' this year by the Federal authorities showed a white population in Columbus proper (not taking in Wynnton, &c.,) of 5,674, slaves 3,265, free negroes 100--total 9,039. The total population of Muscogee county, by this census, was 17,039.
Party politics ran very high this year, particularly after the election of Abraham Lincoln as President in November. The question of secession engaged the attention of the people of Columbus, as of every other city of the South. The Se cession party had a majority in the city, though the co-oper-

120

INCIDENTS.

ationists were pretty strong and made a stout contest. An organization called the "Southern Guard" was formed in Co lumbus very soon after the November election. It partook of a military character, with a Captain, Lieutenants and other officers. The old military companies of the city joined it. On the night of the 23d of December the city was brilliantly illuminated in honor of the secession of South Carolina., Some of the devices displayed "by the arrangement of lights were very pretty and brilliant. It was a beautiful and im posing pageant. There -was at 'the same time a very large meeting in Temperance Hall, which the several military com panies attended in uniform. Spirited speeches were deliver ed. A torch-light procession through the streets, with ban ners and emblems, was a magnificent sight. Bonfires blazed in the streets, fireworks sparkled and hissed, and altogether it was an extraordinary and most exciting and impressive spectacle. Of the papers of the city, the Times advocated secession, the Enquirer co-operation, and the Sun had two editors, one of whom was a co-operationist and the other a separate State secessionist.
INCIDENTS.
A curious spectacle was presented at the wharf in the ear'ly part of January, by the steamers Oswichee and Munnerlyn lying high and dry out of the water. The river fell so rapidly on the night of the 2d as to leave them in that fix. The Munnerlyn was extricated on the 10th of January, with out much damage. The Oswiteh.ee was relieved on the 25th of January.
The residence of Joseph Jtempert, on Troup street, was burnt on the 18th of January. The house belonged to John. Quin.
About one hundred bales of cotton from Macon, en route for Apalachicola, arrived in Columbus on the 20th. of Janua ry. The river trade was active, and Apalachicola flourieliing then.

INCIDENTS.

121

John H. Dorset* was fatally shot during a fight In the lower portion of the city, late in January. It was said that a man named McColloiigb shot him In self-defense.
Levi, son of John Rogers, was accidently shot and killed by another youth named George Odom, on the 20th of Feb ruary, while they were shooting robins near the Muscogee Depot,
Mrs. Alien, wife of John Alien, of Girard, was badly burn ed by her dress taking fire on the 9th of March, and died . two or three days afterwards.
The jail of Muscogee county caught fire, on the morning of the 19th of March, from a chimney, and was destroyed. There were several prisoners in it, but none were hurt. The fire started inside the building.
The extensive furniture factory of Mr. Walton K. Harris, known as the "Novelty "Works," was destroyed by fire on the evening of the 7th of April, "with a large quantity of fur niture, finished and unfinished. The loss was $14,000 or $15,000, and insurance about $8,000. The stable, kitchen and smoke-house of Capt. McAlister, on the adjoining lot, were also burnt.
A great bank robbery, discovered on the 10th. of April, created no little astonishment and interest. It was found that about $45,500 had been stolen from the agency in* Co lumbus of the Marine Bank of Savannah, of which Mr. L. G. Bowers was agent, Mr, Bowers offered a reward of $7,500 for the recovery of the money and the detection of the thief. Early on the morning of the 12th of April, a package con taining $30,000 of the money was found on a little bridge in the outskirts of the city, near the Orphan Asylum; and later in the day $18,000 more of it was found secreted urrder the steps of a house in the same neighborhood. Mr. E. B. Holmes, the teller of the agency, was arrested and gave bond in the sum of $2,500, which, was about the amount of the loss of the Bank,

122

INCIDENTS.

On the night of the 12th of April, the extensive livery stable of Mr. A, G-amell, on Jackson street, was destroyed by fire, with several small buildings in the rear of the stable. Six mules and fifteen horses perished in the flames. The buggies and other vehicles were mostly saved, but 225 bales of hay and a large quantity of corn and fodder were burnt. The loss was not less than $15,000, only partly covered by insurance. The lire was believed to have been the work of an incendiary.
The steamer Oswichee was sunk at Francis Bend, on the 14th of April, while on her way from Columbus to Apalachicola. The passengers and crew all escaped. Most of the cotton floated off and was afterwards picked up.
The kitchens of Mr. 3?. S. Chapman and Mr. Tillman, on adjoining lots, were burnt by a fire on the night of the 29th of April, with two other small outbuildings.
John O'Brian, who lived in Girard and worked in Colum bus, was killed on the Girard end of the bridge, on .the 6th of May, by William B. Martin, of Girard. They had a difficulty, O'Brian used brick-bats, and Martin a pistol. The later was bound over in the sum of $2,500, but was never
triieecdt., A young woman named Georgiana Daniel, living on Bridge
street, committed suicide by taking laudanum on the 8th of
July. A young man named Ixmis Keistner, a shoemaker, was
drowned in the river, between the falls and the lower bridge, on the llth of July, while he was bathing.
The first bale of new cotton was received on the 26th of July. It "was from the plantation of Col. C. B. Taliaferro, near Girard, and was sold at auction at 12J cents per pound.
A stranger calling himself John Sley, drew money on a check presented to the agency of the Marine Bank, on the 31st of July, and the genuineness of the check being suspect ed, he was pursued, when he ran into the river, intending, no doubt, to swim across, but the strong current bore him down

PERSONAL.

123

and lie was drowned. His name was afterwards ascertained to be J. C. Adair.
Mrs. Melvma Morri s, a young married lady, committed
suicide "by plunging into the river on the 4th of August. She
had previously exhibited signs of mental derangement. On the 29th of September, F. C. Johnson for the 2d, and
John Ha^elton for the 3rd, were elected Aldermen, to succeed Aldermen Croft and Warnock, resigned.
On the morning of the 1st of October, the residence of Mr. E. S. Greenwood, on upper Broad street, was burnt.
The brick building on the west side of Broad street, occu pied by Hatcher & McGehee, Harrison & Pitts, and Minis & Perry, was burnt on the morning of the 1st of December.
The new Baptist Church, fronting on Randolph street, was dedicated on the 9th of December--the dedication sermon by Rev. Basil Manly.

,'

PERSONAL.

C. K. Jewetfc was Presiding Elder of the Columbus District;

A. T. Mann, stationed at St. Luke; J. S. Key at St. Paul;

W. J. "Wardlaw, Factory Mission ; TJ. Pierce and A. Gr. Hay-

good, Girard and Pierce Chapel.

The County Officers were--John Hazelton, Sheriff; A. S.

Rutherford, Clerk of the Superior Court; John Johnson, Or

dinary ; A. P. Jones, Clerk of the Inferior Court; Jordan.

Howell, Tax Collector ; I. T. Brooks, Tax Keceiver ; J. A.

Bradford, County Treasurer ; "William Jordan, Coroner ; J.

E. Lamar, County Surveyor.

M. G. Watson, Lemuel Lockhart, James Lloyd and ------

Brock -were constables of the two districts including the city.

Messrs. J. W. "Warren and P. H. Colquitt were announced

in June as editors and proprietors of the Times, Mr. Koswell

Ellis having disposed of his interest to Capt. Colquitt, who

was the principal editor at the time.

MARRIAGES. January 1--Wm. M. Alien and Samantha I. Philips ; 3, Joseph. Mossman and Willhelmma Welding, Kobert M. Sacro and Jane Oswalt; 5, James A.

124

MAR A RISKS.

G-on and Eliza Ann Brooks, James T, Code and. Mary E. Casey, Mitchell Blanton and Mary J. Sharp ; 7, Robert C. Miller and Ann M. Osborn ; 8, Thomas Key and Louisa A. Oarr ; 12, Haywood L. Spann and Sarah A. Bald win ; 14, William Clegg and Margaret Shavers ; 16, James Holt and Elizabeth Sanders; 17, John A. G. My ore nnd Sarah O. West, Jesse J. Bradford and Mary A. McAlister; 11), William J. rit.tman aud Sarah U. Thomas, David G-ibson and Sarah Taylor; 23, George Cane and Malinda Fittss ; 2G, Thomas C. C. McEachren and Louisa Hackney ; 30, James Osborn and Rebecca Bent-froe.
February 2--Wm. F. Kelly and Elizabeth Brittain, Thomas Dillard and Frances M. CollinB ; 9, JamoK F. Lewis and Louisa J. Foster, Edwin W, Jack son and Mary A. L. Nobles, Levi S. Blake and Mary Megea , 12, John Mills and Jane M. Glaze ; 13, James P. Blount and Priscilla Chessan ; 14, Alexan der Aids and Laura McGraston, Matlicw F. Wilson and Temperance Burkes; 25, George "W, SnowAen and Susan Maplos.
March 4--Norman R. Williams and Mary Barfield ; 10, Goo. W. F. Newsom and Cynthia A. R. Bryan ; 10, George Hcroggins and Sarah Yearty ; 24, Augustus L. Forman and Martha V. HnbbarL ; 29, Wm. J. Edwards and Mary M. Moore.
April 1--Philo Johnson raid France IIuse ; S, Win. F. Snelling and Bettie A. Lofton ; 4. John B. Scott and Virginia A. Howard; 5, Ssmuel W. Fail and Mary A. E. Milton; 11, Esau Pike and .Rebecca Thompson; 17, Jere miah B. Broadaway and Elizabeth M. K. Lindley ; 19, George W. Pike and Lucinda Brock ; 22, George Clover a?ul Frances Glaze; 23, Frederick Franchand and Rosalia A. Saguet; 28, Joseph Phillips and Madora Comer; 39, Isaac Lewis and Mary LewiH.
May 1--Wm. Darden and Malmlda Chad wick ; 2, Samuel Blair and Emily E. Harris ; 1O, Anthony Clogg and Mary F. Long ; 12, Benjamin R. Wilson and Margaret Willis, Oliver S. Bonnett and Lucy O. Marable ; 13, Nathftn Watson and Rebecca Mote ; 15, William L. Till.man and Hattie E. Clements; 17, Thos. L. Tinnan and Mary L. HofFman ; 21, William W. Flewellen and Caroline L. Love; 26, Thos. J. Darden and Mary L. Echols; 31, WMtford Smith and Jane Alien, John S. Jenkins and Mary Baldwin.
June 4--Thos. Kaftsl and E. O'Donnell ; 7, Gilbert Wataon and Mary C. Blake, James Brooks and Catharine Bryaiit ; 1O, James Price and Harriet Mitchell, John H. Kinibrox^gh and Frances II. Isler, August Michael and Margaret Merkel ; 12, Patrick Foran and Elizabeth McElrath ; 14, George W. Buttan and Louisa Rice ; 15, John T. Stubbs and Emily L. Gerke ; 19, John D, Lewis and Lucinda Thomas; 25, Moses G. Morris and Melvina Ol ive, Joseph Williamson and Adaline M. Boyd ; 26, Alex. D. Brown and Mary J. Silva; 27, Henry H. A. Gabriel and Sarah "E. Bankston, Charles W. Stewart and Sarah C. Brown, George R Fhynrnoy and Julia A. Brown ; 28, James Britton and Lurania Morris.
July 4--Calvin S. Bryant and Mary A. Swetman ; 10, Daniel F. Booton and Martha B. McGruder, Benjamin A, Clark and Virginia S. Kimbrough; 12,

DEATHS.

125

James Story and Queen Victoria Philips ; 22, Jesse Barns and Mary Fletcher; 35, Simeon D. Pope and Minerva A. Davie ; 26, Benjamin Brock and Maliasa Thompson; 31, John C. Parr and Georgia S, Evans.
August 1--James Covey and Elizabeth. Till, James-S. Paullin and Sarah E; Borders, James Clegg and Martha R. Layfield; 2, Anglet Se&l and Elizabeth Taylor, James M. Bussey and Mary A. Brannon; 5, Thos. M. ROBS and Cath arine D. Halley ; 15, Tyra Ramsey and Susan Broadnax; 21, James Patillo and Sarah Fletcher; 29, James W. Staiafield and Martha Baird.
September 4--John L. Duffee and Henrietta A. Blackmar, Ellison Conway and Sarah A. Jeffries, Wm. Thompson and Emily Mylan ; 9, James T. Osborn and Laura E. House, David Smith and Celia Smith, Wm. Jackson and Mary Marler; 10, Frederick Sfcewart and Fannie J. Guthrie ; 13, Edward W. Blau and Leonora Parish, Thomas Hunt and Mfury M. Simpson ; 16, David R. Cox and Mary Button ; 20, Benjamin F. Hopkins and Sarah B. Davis, Joseph Baily and Josaphine Bellnower ; 22, Ephraim H. Skinner and Mary F. E. Ferryman; 24, Colquitt M. Holland and Frances A. Gulverson; 25, Wm. M. Kelly and Elizabeth Jones; 30, Andrew J. Edwards and Matilda L. Alford.
October 1--Irvin C. Mabry and Margaret Read: 2, John 8. Bryant and Martha J. Johnson ; 5, Zachariah T. Howard and Martha A. E. Green ; 8, Elijah F. Pssey and Elizabeth Coulter; 10, John B. Young and Rebecca E. Knight; 13, .John J. McKcndrce, jr., and Samantha A. E. Folds; 1$, Dr. E. F. Colzey and Mary Hudson; 21, James M. Frazicr and Missouri Smith ; 23, Charles J. Fafber and Salina Kendall; 2R, John Milton and Elizabeth S. Simpson, Felix. G. Lloyd and Caroline Hackney ; 30, Francis M. Jeter and Julia Lindsey. '.
November 1-ADanieI E. Bizo and Mary L. Harris ; 15, Bassil M. Conway and Mary Tillery.; 17, John H. Clegg and Martha A. Smith; 22, Kolf. S. Sanders and Martha C. Billing, Eli S. Ijangford and Dorcas A. Gilpin; 27, William B. Screws and Mary P. Culbertson.
December 4--Thos. J. Hammock and Maria J. Spurlin, Aaron C. Trofemaji and AnnaE. Birdsong; G, Aaron Land and Angia Lokey ; 12, Isaac A. Mooney and Hattie M. Jackson ; 13, James M. Crockett and Elizabeth Hill; 17, Levi D. Philips and Margaret S- Williams ; 20, Giles T. Williams and Anna A. Brown; 24, Abel Smith and Thirza B. Kirvin; 25, John Kelly and Franoes Page, "Wm. H. D. Cram and Emily C. Giddings; 28, John L. Pickett and Mary Crockett; 30, Joseph Land and Frances Lokey ; 31, Calvin DuffieM and Henrietta Russell.
DEATHS.
January 4--Child of Mr. Garrard, Powell Robinson, Mr. McArdle ; 11, Mr. JtcGee ; 12, child of Mr, Matheson, child of Mr. Horn, child of Mr. Duffy ; . 15, Mrs. Brith, Mr. Storckel, Isaac M. Rails, child of Mr. Wynne, child of Mr. Needham, child of Mr. Horn; 16, Mr. Watts ; 18, child of Mr. Duflfy, Mrs. V. Grice, Mr. Dison, child of Mr. Booher, Mr. Bright ; 24, child of MyTreadwell; 27, Blake Robinson; 29, Hampton Horton, child of Mr. Grant.

126

WARMLY CONTESTED MUNICIPAL ELECTION".

February 2--James Ligon. Samuel Hall, child, of Mr. Briw : 18, child of Mr, Copeland, H. Kurd, William Daniel, Amanda V. Williford, child of Mr. Silver, Patrick Murphy, child of Mr. Sherly, child of A. Picket, ; 2~>, child of J. B. Starker, child of Mr. Sherman, Mr. Kennedy, child of Mrs. McArdel.
March 6--Child of A. Brawion, child of Mr. Matheson, Mr. Britton, child of Mr. Hunt, child of H. Nance; 10, child of Mr. Martin, Mr.;. B. Walker, William Connor, child of Mr. Hicks ; 13, child of Mr. Cadra.,ii, Mr. McCairn, Mrs. Thomas; 16, child of Mrs. Bonds, Miss Peabody ; 17, Imcinda Britt, Win. McMiehael; IB, Emily Coursey, Mr. Mattox.
' No reports published for the months intervening between above and the following months :
October 12--Child of Mr. Boyd, child of Mr. Freer; 14, child of Mrs. Belonaughj V,), child of Mr. Bailey; 20, Leonard Black, Mr. Kaiford, Jasper Freer; 25, Mr. Talbot, child of John O'Bryan ; 28, child of Jesse Bradford, child of Mr. Bivin.
November 1- Child of Mrs. Kmily Moottey ; 6, Neil Fulgham ; child of Mr. Hall; 7, Kwrvy Nance ; 14, Mr. Faine, child of- Mrs. Coopor ; 18, Henrietta Wood, Mrs. Moore, Mrs. Murphy, Mr. Buinbush ; 19, child of James Smith, child of Mrs. Bobison.

April 30---Henry Bpping, infant son of S. H. Hill. May 4--Caroliiia Lucy, child of L. T. Downing ; 7, Victoria Core, infant child of J. W. King ; --, James liedd. Jr. ; --, Rev. Win. H. Grace. June 19--Yelverton, son of John W. King; 27, Mrs. Sarah Ann, wife of Thomas Kaglfind ; 28, Mrs. Martha Irone Abbott. July 4--Sallie Georgia, daughter of Van Marcus; 9, Mrs. Juliana Hnlen ; 11, Mrs. Nian W. Ghnlfnnt ; --.Samuel J. Hicks; --, Isaac T. Gary ; 26, Dr. Gilbert lieese. August l-~Hiula, infant daughter of Hatch Cook ; 24, L. W. Fryor. September 5--(near Fine Knot Springs) Thomas, son of Thomas DeWolf; 15, George Van Doron, infant son of James A. Girdner ; 24, Charles Henry, infant son of J. H. Wocks. October 11--Mrs. Mary Lamar. November 30 --Benjamin H. Hurt; --, H. Biahop. December 18 -B. Y. Martin.

1861.
First Tear of the War--Military Companies.
The election for municipal officers, on the second Saturday in December last, was contested in a lively manner. There were four candidates for Mayor--D. B. Thompson, F. Gr. Wil-

POLITICAL EXCITEMENT---CONVENTION, ETC.

127

kins, W. 1ST. Hutchins and William Perry. The vote stood-- Thompson 300, Wilkins 281, Hutchins 186, Perry 140. The following' gentlemen were elected Aldermen ; 1st "Ward, G. W. Dillingham, T. S. Spear ; 2d, J. F. Bozeman, F. C. John son ; 3d, J. Hazleton, T. O. Douglass ; 4th, John Ligon, W. L. Salisbury; 5th, E. Croft, Tan Marcus ; 6th, George Stein, J. M. Bivins. James M. Hughes was elected Marshal; Geo. A. Huckeba, Deputy Marshal; George W. Jones, Clerk of Council; Jas. D. Johnson, Treasurer; H. M. Harris, Sexton.
Council elected John Peabody, City Attorney; Joseph K. Webster, "Wharfinger; C. F. ISTeuffer, Magazine Keeper; Mrs. Isabella McGehee, Hospital Keeper ; ------ Jordan, Bridge Keeper; W. R. Jones, Clerk of the Market; Times, City Printer ; A. Ingmire, James M. Everett, "W. S. Holstead, Jas. M. Denson and Sam'1 Law, Port "Wardens. Health Officers-- Dr. Flewellen, B. F. Coleman, A. O. Blackmar, Dr. Baird, J. KyJe, T. H.-Sloan, K. W. Dentoii, Hatch Cook, Joseph Drumright, James Kivlin, John Seeley, D. S. Porter.
The political excitement caused by the election of Lincoln as President continued and increased. The Georgia Legisla ture had called a State Convention to consider the question of Secession, and had appointed the 2d of January as the day for the election, of delegates. The two parties in Georgia were the immediate Secessionists and the Co-Operationists. The former nominated Hon. H. L. Benning, Jas. N. Ramsey, Esq., and A. S. Rutherford as their candidates for delegates for Muscogee ; the Co-Operationists nominated Hon. Hines Holt, N". L. Howard and Porter Ingram, Esqrs. The Seces sion ticket was elected by a vote of 944 to 459. Notwith standing the great excitement and the vast importance of the issue, the vote of the county was two hundred short of that cast at the Presidential election in November previous.
The several Military Companies of Columbus were among the first to signify to Gov. Brown their readiness to respond to any call for the defence of the State. This they did before Georgia had seceded.

128

LEAVING OF THE FIBST MILITART COMPAXV.

The Georgia State Convention passed the ordinance of Se cession on the 19th of January, and on the night of the 21st. Columbus was brilliantly illuminated in honor of the event. Cannons were fired, a great torchlight procession, with trans parencies and banners, paraded the streets ; the Military Companies of the city then organized--viz: the Columbus Guards, City Light Guards, Georgia Grays, Muscogee Mount ed Hangers, and company D of the Southern Guard, also F Company !N"o. 5, "which had assumed a military character, participated in uniform. The illumination was general and tne -whole display was a very imposing and inspiring one.
The "Muscogee Mounted Hangers," a new military compa ny raised by Col. John A. Strother, in view of the probability of a war between the States, was organized in February.
A. Board of Trade was organized in Columbus on the 29tli of March, by tne election of the following officers: President, R. M. Gunby ; Vice President, H. S. Est-es ; Secretary, Geo. "W". Dillingharn.
All of the organized military companies of Columbus were prompt to tender their services to the support of the cause of the Confederacy. The first one called out was Company *'D" of the Southern Guard, Captain Wilkius. It was called out by Governor Brown, in response to a requisition by Presi dent Davis for two thousand Georgia Troops. This company left Columbus, to rendezvous at Macon, on the first of April. The following is a list of officers and. members of the com pany, made out a day or two before its departure. It receiv ed several recruits afterwards : '
COMPANY " D," SOUTHERN" GXJAP^D. Captain--F. G. Wilkius. Lieutenants--1st, James N. Rarnsey ; 2d, Geo. W. Atkinson ; 3d, W. 3. Turinan. Sergeants--1st, Lawrence W. Wall ; 2d, James W. Dennis ; 3d, James M. Wiley ; 4th, James J. Lovelace ; 5th, Chas. H. Althiser. Corporals--1st, Peter Key ; 2d, ThomaM Sweet ; 3d, Wm. H. Thompson ; 4th, M. G. Watson. Privates--William P. Alien, Wiltons Brooks, Reason Banks, Wm. H. Bryant, Chas. \V. Baker, Pi'ank Buesey, John Barker, Wm- Baker, James Clegg, Wm. Benton, Robert H. Clinton, Frank Collier, Luke Conly, George W. Cooper, Seaborn Cook, Junius Ourrenee, Burwell M. Denson, Richard

COLUMBUS GH7ABDS.

129

Deshaser, Christopher Edwards, Stephen Etehinson, Patrick Foran, J. E. Flynn, Nath. C. Ferguson, William L. Foyle, Jno, Fletoher, Wm. Hall, Mosss Hall, Janios Henderaon, John P. Hellings, Jos. B. Hagans, Wm. Holstead, Seaborn L. Jones, Randolph Key, Drewry A. Lawrence, Mat. Blurphy, James McElratn, George Magnus, Eichai-d Massoy, John C. McCurdy, Milton Malone, Ales. McDaniel, Leva D. Mattliews, James li. Nix, Vincent Ogletree, Levi I D. Phelps, David Purocll, John Ghappel Keese, Aug. B. Ridenhour, T. J. Smith, Lewis Simmons, Jason T. Smith, Thos. Sturdevant, Jolin W. Seats, | Isaac Smith, Geo. F. Taylor, J. W. Tucker, Jeptha Wiggins, James Wood, | Jacob P. White, Clayton Wilaon, Leonard H, Young, A. P. Sanderland, Jainea f Lynah, Jamos P. La"wrence--01.
This company was at Macon incorporated into the First I Georgia Regiment, of which 1st Lieutenant James !N". Ramsey ; was elected Colonel. The regiment passed through. Columbus I in a few days after its organization, en route for Pensacola,
COLUMBUS GUARDS.
Capt. P. J. Semmes having been appointed a Brigadier General by Governor Brown, resigned his position as Captain of the Columbus Guards, and on the 15th. of April Lieut'. Koswell Ellis was elected Captain of that com pany ; W. C.; Hodges, 1st Lieut., W. Or. demons, 2d, and J. M. Everett, 3d. This company left Columbus on the 16th of April for Savannah, the place of rendezvous, with 112 men rank and file. \ It was there made Company G of Second Georgia Eeginie'nt, of which I5. J. Semmes was elected Colo nel. After a short service on Tybee island, it was ordered to Brunswick, Ga., and thence in' July, 1861, to Virginia. The following account of the services of this company dur ing the war, and list of its members and casualties at vari ous times, we copy from Haddock's Directory of .Columbus :

other Company, some of them rising to the position of Colonels. In Vir ginia they were attached to Toombs' Georgia Brigade. They participated in the following engagements, besides numerous skirmishes :
April 1G, 1862, siege of Yorktown; June 27, 18G2, Garnet's Farm; July 1, 1862, Malvern Hill; Aug. 29, 1862, Thoroughfare Gap; Aug. 30, 3862, Second Manassas; Sept. 17, 1862, Sharpsburg; Dec. 13, 1862, Frederieksburg; May 3,1S63, Siege of Suffolk; July 2 and 3, 2863, Gettysburg; July 25, 1363, Thornton River; Kept. 19, 20, 1863, Chickamauga; Oct. 28, 1863, Lookout YaUey; Nov. 16,1863, CampbelTs Station,- Nov. 18to 30, 1863, siege of Knoxyille; Dec. 14, 1863, Bean Station; Jan, 17, 1864, I>andriclge; May 6, 1864,

130 OFFICERS AND PRIVATES OF COLUMBUS GUARDS.
Wilderness ; May 8th to 14th, 1864, Spottsylvania; May 23 to 26, 1864, Han over Junction ; May 28th to SOfch, 1864, Totopotomy; June 1st "to 6th, 1864, Second Cold Harbor; June 1.7, 18C4-, Bermuda Hundreds; June 18th to 30th, 1864, Biege of Petersburg ; Aug. 14-, 1864, Deep Bottom; Aug. 16, 1864, Pussell's Mills; Sept. 29, 1864, Fort Gilmer; Sept. 30, 1864, Port Harrison"; Oct. 7, 18G4, Darbytown; Oct. 13, 1864, Darbytown Road; April 2, 1865, Peters burg ; April 9, 1863, Appoiuattox.
When the war closed, they were few in numbers, most of them having been killed, or died in the service of their country.
Officers:--Gapt. Paul J. Semmes, elected Col. 2d Ga., May, '61, promoted Brigadier General December, '61, died from wounds received at Gettysburg, July, 18(53.
Roswell Ellis, 1st Lieutenant, promoted Captain May, 1861, and Adjutant General of Brigade December, 1863.
"W. C, Hodges, 2d Lieutenant, promoted 1st Lieutenant, May, 1861, and Lieutenant Colonel 17th Georgia, and subsequently Colonel.
W. G. demons, 3d Lieutenant, promoted Adjutant, April, 1862, and Major Cunimhig's Brigade, March, 1863.
J. M. Everett, 4th Lieutenant, promoted 3d Lieatenant May, 1861, and died in Columbus, summer 1863.
J. S. Alien, jr., 1st Sergeant, promoted to Lieutenant, 1862, and Adjutant 2d Georgia.
J. M. Densoa, 2d Sergeant, promoted 1st Lieutenant. Van Marcus, 3d Sergeant, transferred to Quarter Master Department, Columbus. JR. Potter, 4th Sergeant, promoted Lieutenant and tilled at Malvern Hill. J. D. Carter, jr., 1st Corporal. ~Wm. Redd, 2d Corporal, transferred and promoted Lieutenant and Ad jutant. J". B,. Sanders, 3d Corporal, promoted Sergeant. T. Chaflfin, jr., 4th Oorporal, promoted Captain, April, 1862. Rev. 3. H. PeVotie, Chaplain.
Privates: --J. C. Apple; S. K. Andrews, jr., transferred to artil lery; W. L. Anderson, G. H. Abercrombie; Wiley Abercrombie, promoted Sergeant Major of Regiment to Gen- Canty's Brigade ; O. S. Aeee, A. E. Acee; "W. A. Barden, promoted Lieutenant Colonel; T. M. Bar nard ; J. F. Birch, promoted Lieutenant, killed at the Crater, Petersburg, 1864; John Ballard, died near Richmond; J. J. Bradford, transferred and promoted Major 37th Georgia; P. S. Bradford, transferred and promoted Lieutenant Co. B, 37th Georgia; W. Bants, tilled at Atlanta, July, 1864; E. BanJke, killed at Resaca, July, 1864; E. B. Briggs, promoted Sergeant Major ad Captain and aid to Gen. Semmes; C. A. Bailey, killed at Gettys burg, July, 1863; Wm. K. Bedell, J. G. Blalock, J. E. Bedell; H. B. Beeoher, Sergeant Major, 3d Georgia; T. E. Blanchard, promoted Captain and tTfm&ferred to Co. B, S7th Georgia; T. M. BeasUy, promoted lieutenant}

LIST OF PRIVATES.

131

D. B. Booher, promoted Lieutenant and killed at Crater, Petersburg, 18G4 ; JOB. D. Bethune, transferred to Nelson Bangers; John G. Bethune; Win. A. Brown, transferred to Nelson Hangars; W. B. Bufct, transferred to Nelson Hangers; 11. A. B'aeon ; A. A. Coleman, transferred to Telegraph Depart ment ;' O. Coleinan, transferred and appointed drill officer; T. G. Ooleman ; T. M. Carter, transferred to Nelson Rangers: A. A. Calhoun, transferred to Nelson Hangers ; J. C. Calhoun, promoted to Captain, and Ass't Q. M. ; J. A.
CocEy, transferred and promoted Captain on Gen. Ciimming's staff; J". J. Olapp, O. Cromwell; W. G. Croft, transferred and promoted Lieutenant artillery; J. H. Crowell, transferred and pro-noted Ctiptain; W. S. Davis, transferred and promoted Lieutenant, killed at Spottsylvania; A. B. Davis; R. A. Daniel, transferred to Nelson Hangers; S. M. Dixon; B. H. Dixon, died in Richmond, Va., 1861; J. G. DeVotie; G. W. Dillingham, promoted Capt., and transferred to Oonimiaiiry Department, ISGi) ; D. T. Dawfcon; M. D. Doney, died in Columbus, 1804 - James "Dubose, J. A. Duma; Hubert Endermaii, died from wounds received at Chick am auga; J. A. Fogle; T. T. Fogle, promoted Lieutenant and killed in battle Wilderness ; W. F. Ferguason.; J. L, Girduer, transferred and promoted Lieutenant; H. H. Hall, "W. F. Hall, J. C. Hogan; W. B, Houghton, promoted G. Sgt.; R. N. Howard, transferred and promoted Lieutenant; E,. M. Howard. J. T. Howard, A. Harris, J. W. Hughes ; B. H. Hudson, transferred ami promoted Lieutenant; D. C. Henry died in'l^S3 ; B. H. Holt, promoted Lieutenant Colonel ; J". H. Hicks; W.

acting Q. M. of Company ; J. T. Johnson, transferred, promoted ami killed sit Wil derness; L. Q. Jolmsoii; W. E. Joiiea, Jr., promoted Sergeant, May, 1861 ; Boykm
Emg ; W. D. Kyle, tVansferrcd and promoted Captain ; B. C. Luckie ; B. M. Luckie ; J.L.Lindsay; J.B/Undsay; James R- Lively; W.M.Moses; Alien Matthews; M. J. Moses, transferred and appointed Surgeon; T.H.Muse, killed at Gettysburg; W. A. McDoogfdd, transferred and promoted to Lieutenant; W. A. Martiniere, trans ferred to Nelson Rangers ; J. K. Mnun, died 1861 ; G. W. Mays, promoted Lieut. and killed at Gettysburg ; Ktter Martin ; C. McBriae ; T. J. Muckolls, transferred and promoted lieutenant; J . S. Owens, promoted Lieutenant in Neison Rangers ; W. T. Patterson, promoted Lieutenant and tilled at Chickamauga ; E. C. Pope ; J. C. Perry, died 18&1 ; W. H. Perrine ; O. H. Peabody ; T. O. Paine; J. T. Park, transferred and promoted Lieutenant; S. R- Pitts, transferred and promoted Lieut.; George Plielps ; T. P. Ridenhonr ; N. I,. Redd, promoted Lieutenant; Wm. Redd, promoted Lieutenant; J. K. Redd, Jr., promoted aid to General Semmes, raised a Company and was Captain, killed near Petersburg, 1S64 ; N, B. Roberta; G. G. Bagland, transferred and made Captain Nelaou Rangers ; A. E. Ragland, transfer red and promoted Captain ; O. S, Ragland, transferred and promoted Lieutenant; G. G, Rucker ; Z. C. Rucker, R. M- Rutherford, transferred and promoted ; A. H. Rutherford, transferred and promoted : C. R. Russell, transferred to Company K., promoted Captain 18G1 ; E. S. Shorter, transferred and promoted ; L. G. Schues-
J. H. Slade, killed at Sharpsburg; W. S. Shepherd, transferred, promoted Captain and Lieutenant-Colonel; E. G. Stewart, promoted Lieutenant and Adjutant; i. C.

132

CITY LIGHT GUABDS.

Spivey, killed at Sharpsburg ; D. C. Seymour, transferred and promoted Captain

Lieutenant; M. W. Wooten ; C. H. Williams, transferred to 1st Ga.; M. A. Wflliams, transferred to Nelson Bangers ; John Wise ; A. C. Wingfield, transferred; J. H. Ware, transferred and promoted Lieutenant, killed at Mechanicsville ; Wm. A. Young, transferred.
The following is a list of the members of Columbus Guards present at the final surrender of the army by Gen. R. E. Lee, at Appomattox Court House :
Thomas Chaffin, Jr., Captain; Eugene Stewart, Lieutenant. W. B. Ho ugh ton ; ' J. C. DuBose ; W. L. Anderson ; T. G. Coleman ; Martin Btter ; J. G. Blaylock ; W.
P. Hall; G. G. Buoker; G. W. Dillinghatn ; John O. Payne ; W. M, Mosea.
In June, 1873, th.e company re-organized and received arms from the State, and are now well drilled and in good discipline. The officers elected on its re-orgr.nization were : "VV. S. Shepherd, Captain ; Ohas. H. Williams, 1st Lieutenant ; Wm. N. Hawks, 2d Lieutenant; Thos. W. Grimes, 3d Lieu tenant ; Cliff. B. Grimes, 4th Lieutenant. At the present time (1875) the following are the commissioned officers: W. S. Shepherd, Captain; T, W, Grimes, 1st Lieutenant; Cliff. B. Grimes, 2d; J. J. Clapp, 3d.
HOME GTJAED.
About the middle of April, a large company called the Home Guard, composed of men from 45 to 70 years of age, was formed, and organized by the election of K. A. "Ware, Captain; John A. Urquhart, 1st Lieutenant; Hines Holt, 2d Lieutenant; J. J. Mo&endree, 3d Lieutenant; J. M. Hughes, 1st Sergeant. This company numbered upwards of 90 mem bers.
CITT LIGHT GUARDS;
The City Light Guards "were the next Columbus company called into active service. They were ordered to report at Korfolk, Va., and left for that place on the 20th of April. The following muster-roll and war-record of this company are also copied from Haddock's Directory:
Enlisted in the Southern Cause, April 19th, 1861, and were sent to Norfolk, Va., while the Navy Yard was still burning. At Norfolk they became part of 3d Georgia Battalion of Infantry, and on the 20th of May, 1861, were engaged from battery at Sewell's Point with, the enemy's vessels, Star of the'West and Steam Tug, carrying cannon. In this, the first engagement in Virginia, they succeeded in disabling and driving off the vessels. Remaining at Norfolk eleven months, they were ordered to GoKlsboro, and afterwards to Wilmington, North Carolina. Her* they were re-organized. May, 1862, by the election of Lieutenant C. J. Mofffett, Cap tain, and ware ordered to Petersburg, Va., from that time becoming part of th*

CITY LIGHT GUABDS.

133

sville, Wilderness, Gettysburg, Petersburg, Farrnville, ery campaign, and finally surrendered with Gen. E. E. x Court House, the first and only time the Company entire war between the States. The members of this
enviable reputation in tlia service of their country.

W.H.Williams, 1st Sergeant, promoted Brevt. 20. Lieutenant, May, 1861; A. M. Luria, 2d Sergeant, promoted Lieutenant, and killed at battle Seven Pines, June, 18G2 ; E. V. White, 3d Sergeant, promoted to engineer on Steamer Merrimac; W. T>. Mathews, Corporal ; J. J. MeKeiidree, Jr., Corporal. John Cook, Quartermaster, discharged from disability. Geo. II. Young, Commissary, promoted Lieutenant of Artillery, December, 18(31.
PKTVATus-yS. W. Alexander, transferred ; B- Bugg ; 11. Brown, lulled at Chan-
Mark Daily, detailed to Q. M. department; T. Deaton, killed at f; e ttysburg, July, 1S6U; T. T. Kdmuiids; Z, M. Estc-s, transferred to Q. M. department, Richmond; J. S. Esler, tranafen-ed to Q. M. depaVtment, Bic-hmond; W. S. Frcemtuj. transferred to cavalry and promoted Sergeant: Jas. Fricker, Thomas J. Garrision, K. Goldman, J.D.Godwin: S. Lovvthor, wounded at Petersburg, June 1SH3; J.l-I. Loeb; G. "C. MoGehee, transferred to Q. M. department, Columbus; M. MetTiga., discharged bysnbstitution; E. McDonald, dischcrged from disability; W. W. Miirtiri; Z. N. Mayo, died since war; W. Mi-.KtMidi-ee; J. B. O'N"eJ], killed at Fredei-ickdbnr.'i, Docember,
Battalion, May, 1861, and Colonel of Cavalry, 18C2; M. Thweatt, discharged; S. T.
10

134

GEOKGIA GRAYS.

Updegraff; W. C. Vincent, transferred; B.I*. Wagner, killed at Culpepper C. August, 1863; T. Waldren, transferred to signal corps; W. R. Wilkerson; A. Kimbrongh, promoted 2d Lentenant, died Jan'y, 1865; G. J. Peacock, promotedM Lieutenant, M;irch, 1.863; W. J. Minis; A. Young, promoted Captain of Artillery

artillery, killed; Henry" Heues, transferred to scout duty, died since the war; \\ J. Alston ; J. C. Brown ; J. C. CaThoun. ; James Davis ; H. Fields; B. E. Ledbettei George Stovall; D. Saxon ; T,. A. Roberts ; K. Johnson : James Williams ; -- Huf C. C. Sheppersou, promoted.Sergeant; B. S. Sheppersoa ; W. H. Miias ; Thoa, I) Threwitta, died since the war.
The following wore the members present at the surrende of Gen. B. B. Lee, 9th April, 1865 :
Maj. C. J. Moffett, commanding 2d Georgia Battalion ; O. J. Peacock, Lieuten commanding; H. M. T... Torbet, 3d Sergeant; J. P. Parker, 3d Corporal.
PRIVATES--Chas. B, Boolier, Thos. F. Brown, James J. Games, H. W. Chapm John M. Coleman, George W. Doles, P. J. Golden, Thomas M. Goiclen, George W Hendersoa, J. E. Jenkins, P.. E. Johnston, Grigs by T. Long, Uriah P. Mitchel! Wesley A. Oliver, Ben. S. Sliepperson, George W. Stovall, Charltou Thompson W. R. Wilkerson.
In 1872 the company re-organized, and elected the following officers: Captain, C. J. Moffett-; W. H. Williams, 1st Lieutenant; (J. J. Peacock. 2d Lieutenant; P. I.. Rrooks, 2d Bi-ev. Ueut. At tlie pi-esent writing (187.5) the following are the eornm'asioned officerd : W. A. Little. Captain; P. L. Brooks, 1st Lieutenant; A. W, Brantley, '2d Lieutenant; John C. Cheney, 2d Brevet Lieutenant.
GEOKGIA GRAYS.
The Georgia Grays took their departure from Columbus on the 7th of May, for Macoii, the place of rendezvous of the 5th Georgia regiment, of which they were made a part. Of this regiment, John K. Jackson was .elected Colonel, and "W". L. Salisbury, Major. It was first sent to Pensacola, and after wards did gallant service in opposing Rosecrans and Sherman --suffering severely at Murfreesboro and Chickamauga, and remaining in the service to the close of the war. "We again copy from the Directory;
Officers--John F. Iverson, Captain, promoted Colonel in December, 1862"W. E. Sandeford, lat Lieutenant, resigned 1861. W. L. Salisbury, 3d Lieu tenant, elected Major, llth May, "1861. L. M. Burma, Bvt. 3d Lieutenant, promoted Captain, 1802. W. J. Dillon, Sergeant, elected Lieutenant, 1861, discharged, May, 1802. W. R. Wood, Sergeant. J. N. M. Keese, Sergeant, elected Lieutenant, 1(H. A. T. Calhoim, Sergeant, elected Lie\it., 1862. W. L Strupper, Corporal, promoted 5th Sergt., 1861. T. Eibero, Cor[)oral, killed at Chickamauga, September 19th, 18G3. John Barber, Corporal, dis charged, M. V. Cook, Corporal, wounded at Murfreesboro.

GEORGIA GRAYS.

135

Privates--R. Anthony,- John A very, missing; Eli M. Averett, elected Lieutenant iu 1802 ; G. Bants, wounded and discharged Dec. 31, 1862, at battle Murfreewboro ; W. Banks; A. J. Boland, transferred to 2d Ga, Battallion ; T. Brown, killed nt Chickamauga, September 19, 1863; J. Baxley ; Richard Brannon ; T. Carrol, discharged, August, 1802; J. P. Chapman ,W. Oarington, discharged, lost leg at Murfi-eesboro ; J. Courtney, discharged from -wounds ; William dark, discharged from wounds ; Henry Clay, dis charged ; Sidney Crow ; J. Davies, transferred ; J. M. Dennis, discharged ; Charles Dever, discharged ; Thornton Dukes, died at Fensacola, Fla.; ------ Ellis ; John Everitt, wounded at Murfreesboro ; Thomas Everett, first killed from Cohnnbus, October 9th, 1SG1, at battle Santa Rosa, Fla.; George Fackler, discharged from, severe wounds at Murfreesboro, Dec. 31, 18<i2 ; George Hatmnond, discharged; ------ Hammock, died; Daniel Hoopaugh, missing; .L. P. Jepson, transferred to artillery; J. D. Johnson, died at Tazeiwell, Tenn.; A. S. Johnson, discharged; J. Jefferson, discharged; T. J. Jones, discharged ; T. Jones, discharged; J. W. Jones, discharged; Jack Keenan, discharged ; ------ Kenip, died ; Joseph Little, discharged ; Milton Long, died; George Lapham, transferred ; J. O. Leslie, transferred and killed at Petersburg, 1864 ; Asa Lynch; P. H. Madden, discharged ; J. Maddox, transferred to engineer corps,- E. McEachren, transferred; J, Marler, died j Tom Nobles ; Wra. Newmaii; J. T. Ogletree, transferred to Company A, 2d Battallion Sharp Shooters, and promoted J s Lieutenant; V. M. Parkman ; Julius Prager, missing ; John Qnin, transferred to engineer corps ; Martin Itiley, transferred to 2d Battalion Georgia Sharp Shooters ; W. H. Robarts ; 3. Robinson; T; C. Robinson, discharged, April 18G2, and joined 1st Bat. Georgia Sharp Sh\ooters ; J. M. Robinson, transferred to "Washington Artille ry, Feb., 18G2; Jasper Rooke, died; Lewis Sheline, missing; G. W. Shearer, wounded at Muifcreesboro, December 31, 1802; James Short, killed at Chickama-agfi, 19th September, 18GB ; G. Smith, discharged ; J. Smith, miss ing; Jep Smith, transferred to 2d Battalion Ga. Shai-p Shooters ; George Siiell, discharged ; Larry Sturges, discharged; Martin Surles, died ; L. B. Townsley ; ------ Taylor, transferred to Sharp Shooters ; ------ Vandenberg ; Barney Veassy, died at Chattanooga, 1863 ; Hamp Wagner, transferred order ly to Gen. Hardee; W. Ward, killed at Mnrfreesboro, Dec. 31, 18G2 ; ------ Willis, discharged ; R. A. Wood, transferred and elected Capt. 41st Georgia; Joseph Wood ; Jason Yarbrough, transferred to 2d Georgia Battalion Sharp Shooters; Xeedham Averitt; L. P. Aenchbacker, promoted Corp'l, wound ed at Chickamanga, September 10th, 1863 ; Joseph Barnes, deserted ; Chaa. Kendall, discharged ,- John Crouch ,- John E. W. Henderson ; A. H. Alien ; J. H. Almonds, died ; J. L. Baskin, died; Cornelius Bachelor ; J. Bradford, died; W. S. Bradford, killed at Chickamauga, 19th September, 38)53; A- J. S. Brooks, died from wounds at Chickamauga 19th September, 1863; Maynard Corley ; J. J. Davis ; A. L. Davis ; J. K. Pi-eeman ; V. L. Guthrie, killed at, Chickamauga, Sept. 19th, 1863 ; H. R. Hannah ; R. L. Hern ; W. A. Jack son': J, A. Lovelace ; F. M. MeHugh ; M. L. McKee ; John G. Merck, died j

136

COMPANY G.

John. Ogle, died; J. I). Pittnian; B. Rumsey : T. J. Hoe, died ; J. E, Smith: J. E. Stock-well; U. B. Taylor; J. Taylor ; A. J. Widuer; LeGrand Guerry, wounded at Murfreesboro, Dec. 31, 18fi2 ; A. Jones ; Wesley Gilbert.

The following wore battles of the war in which the Georgia
Grrays were engaged : Santa Rosa. Island, Florida, October '.), 1801 ; Perryville ; Murfreesboro,
December 31, 1862 ; Chickamauga, September 19, 1803 ; Resaca; on look out Mountain ; Bentonville ; Port Royal, before Bentonville.

"CONFEDERATE STATES SENTINELS."

,

The "Confederate States Sentinels," Captain R. B. Hawes,

took their departure from Columbus, lor Richmond, Va., oa

the 23d of May, making the fifth Columbus company sent ttj

join the Confederate army. This company numbered 71

members, some of whom were from Columbus, but the larger

portion, from the surrounding county. "We regret that we

cannot find its muster roll. The officers elected at the time

of its organization, on the 26th of April, were--R. R. Hawes,

Captain ; C. S. Pryor, 1st Lieutenant; S. K Taylor, 2d Lieu

tenant; Joseph B. Wynn, 3d Lieutenant.

COMPANY G. OF SOUTHERN GUAIID.
The sixth Columbus Company--being Co. Gr. of the South ern Guard--left Columbus for the seat of war on the 28th of May. The following was its muster roll:
Officers--Captain, John A. Jones. Lieutenants--1st, Van Leonard ; 2d, F. M; Brooks ; 3d, O. S. Hart. Sergeants--1st, C. B. Minis ; 2d, T. H. Smith; 3d, Win. Bond; 4th, J. T. Scott. Corporals--1st, B. Daniel; 2d, Arthur McArdle ; 3d, W. A. Wales ; 4-th, D. B. Castleman.
Privates--Alex Aides, Levi Blake, John W. Bozeman, I). M. Crenshaw, Owen Casey, R. S. Crane, A. K. Crane, J. L. O. Davis, Daniel Da-vis, Thoy. Durham, Peter Edgar, William Frazier, Erastus Flemming, J. H. Frampton, James A. Gue, Daniel Grant, Fleming Hodges, G-eorge Hendereon, James Hodges, Henry Henderson, Calvin Hearn, G. M. Henley, Jesse J. Halton, W. A. Hill, J. E. Jones, William R. Jones, G. W. Jarrett, J. Leonard Jones, Leroy K.ilgore, Alfred H. Kimbrougli, Thoniae H. Knowles, John Laswiter, James Lanning, John T. Moye, George W. Massey, James Manning, John C. Morgan, Amos Murphy, Josiah Murphy, Jack Milton, John McPhatter, A. N. McCaira, Henry W. Martin, John Ousley, J. R. Posey, J. E. Park, James Rivers, Hiram Kiley, James P. Russell, John Shores, Patrick Shandley, Wm. Sherrer, James Smith, W. C. Thomas, William Waytor, James A. Williams, "Ransom W. "Wood, Hampton Wilson, Pat. A. Weatlierford, "W. O. M. Whitehnrst, Stephen G. Wilson, R. C. Yarbrough.

EOEDES RANGERS.

'

137

The " Border Rangers/' Captain J. A. Strother, was the next Company that left Columbus for the Confederate service. It left, on the 13th of June, and was a fine "body of men, num bering 106 who left on that day. It was raised chiefly in Kuscogee and Harris counties, with a few from Russell county, Ala. We have not been able to obtain its muster roll. , The Lieutenants were H. C, Mitchell, J. A. Granberry, J, T. Soott, Hardy Coruett.

COLUMBUS GUARDS.
The Columbus Guards, while stationed at Brunswick, Ga., were on the 9th of June divided into two companies by order of Col. Semmes. They were designated as Columbus Guards, Companies A and B. The following officers for the two companies were elected: Company A--Roswell Ellis,
otain; John S. Alien, jr , 1st Lieutenant; "W. G. demons, 2d; Richard Potter, 3d ; A. A. Calhoun, 1st Sergeant ; J. M. )enson, 2d :; "Van Marcus, 3d ; J. J. Clapp, 4th. Company J--"W. C. .Hodges, Captain; J. M. Kverett, 1st Lieutenant; T. M. Barnard, 2d; Thos. Chaffin, jr., 3d; B. H. Holt, 1st Sergeant; W. A. Bardeii, 2d ; R. M, Rutherford, 3d ; J. A.
^j 4rth. But this division was overruled by superior au thority, and as neither the division of the company, nor the increase of its members to over 114 men would be permitted,
squad of recruits who had gone to Bruuswick to join it returned to Columbus on the 26th of June.
"INDEPENDENT LIGHT INFANTRY."
The "Independent Light Infantry," Captain R. A. Hardaway, took their departure from Columbus for the seat of war on the 15th of June.
"MUSCOGEE RIFLES." '
On the 18th of June, the "Muscogee Rifles," Capt, T. B. Scott, making the tenth company, left Columbus for the Con federate service. This company had 63 men in its ranks when it left, and Lieut. Sikes left in a few days afterwards with some privates unavoidably detained. The company

138

,

JACKSON AVENGERS,

I

comprised many young men of promise arid standing. Trie following was its mti ster roll in July, \vh en in camp near Richmond -.
Captain, Thaddeus B. Scott. Lieutenants--Jamep A. Whitesides, lat; Jesse H. Sikes, 2d ; James K. Deckrow, 3d. Sergeants--Wm. L. Bobiason, , 1st; Augustus M. Green, 2d; Patrick H. Thorn ton, 3d; Hiram A. Gibsoii, 4th. Corporals--Joseph W. Holmes, 1st; Sidney C. Lloyd, 2d; James Shnmona, 3d; George "W. Cooper, 4th. Commissary--J. P. Floyd.
Privates--John Wm. Alien, John Anderson, A. J. Autry, Wm. W. Autry, Isbam R. Brooks, Joseph H. Brooks, James O. Brooks, John H. Britt, "Wm. B. Britt, Amos R. Blackmon, Bryan Burns, Jacob Bluhm, W. V. Bartlett, Jeptha Bergamy, M. A. Bryan, Mosos Clay, B. P. Camlino, Smith Goiter, B. M. Colter, William Cherry, S. E. Cornett, J. W. Curenton, Henry Dunn, Joseph H. Davie, Joseph Davis, J. W. Davi.s, James H. Dawson, James J. Dukes, John T. Dean, Joshua Ellis, Howell \f. Freel, A. J. Giddens, John C. Griffin, George Gaddis, Calvin L. Grant, Alfred Harris, Acliibald B, Ilobbs, Wm. L. Hill, Calvin Jernigan, Win. Knight, Albert- Kilgore, Patrick Kelley, John Kirkland, Isaac Lynn, Julius Lipman, J. W. H. Lathani, Bichard Lewis, Lewis W. Motley, Lewis P. Mosely, F. M. Mitchell, Hugh McTigue, John C. Milton, Wm. H. Miller, W. N. Merchant, Wm. Mooney, B. Clay MoCoy, Sowell W. Markharn, Gardner Moye. Robert J. OIT, Win. Oraily, N". W. Pittman, Joseph Putnam, Jesse Quick, David B.oland, Timothy Smith, Whitford Smith, James L. Smith, James Smith, Josiah M. Smith, D. D. Singleton, B. J. Stonaker, Win. W. Skates, Lewis A. Taylor, C. J- Woulfe. Drummer, George Blankensliip. " Fifer, W. G. Slaughter. Total number present, 4 offi cers and 85 rank and file--89.
The "Jackson Avengers" left Columbus for Virginia on the 21st of July. The following -was its muster roll :
Captain---J. J. Bradford. Lieutenants--1st, Wm. II. II. Phelps ; 2d, W. A. McDougald ; 3d, Thomas E. Blanchard. Sergeants--1st, .P. S. Bradford ; 2d, John Schnell ; 3d, James B, Lively ; 4th, John C. C. Walker. Commis sary--Chas. E. Johnson. Corporals--1st, D. D. Adlington : 2d, H. T. Huff; 3d, W. C. Kelly ; 4th, Paid Haller. Privates--Job Alford, M. Blanchard, B. Ji. Brookms, Jerry Broadaway, J. C. Broadaway, J. C. Brooks, P. A. Browning, Charlew Chafnii, James Compton, G. W. Culpepper, E. M. H. Duke, Joseph Ellison, A. Everidge, H. Everidge, jr., Joseph Everidge, Thomas Ellis, Calvin Evers, J. W. Evans, John Gardner, Thomas Garrett, George Groer, J. Rl. Gray, John Heratt, John Helton, John Hoffmaii, J. H. Harald, William Hudson, John Jones, Leroy KilgOre, M. Keirny, A. L. Kinsey, George Kirle, James Kilcrease, James Lambert, Benjamin Logan, J. B. Morgan, J, C. McCarfcy, George McGee, J- N. McKenney, A. B. McCrary, John W. Mainor, B. F. Mainor, Jas. Martin, James Norris, B. F. O'Neal, Wiley Percy, Pink Pike, George Pike, Eeaw Pike, Henry Pike, Littleton Pike, John Phelps, James Powers, W. W.

COLUMBUS VOLUNTEERS.

139

Peody, J. C. Perldy, B. Eaiford, P. T. Smith, W. B. Smith.Thos Thompson, fm. Thompson, Frank Veach, John Wade, M. M. Wadkins, C. Williams, H. Williams, S. Williams, Wm. Wells, James Wooten. Mnsician--Wm. Quinn.
" IVEY GUARDS."
The "Ivey Guards," a fine company commanded by Capt. John K. Ivey, left on the 21st of July. The following was its muster roll:
Captain--John R. Ivey. Lieutenants--1st. WHey N. Hutching ; 2d, Thomas S.Kwmaine; Brevt. ad, S. B. Cleghorn. Sergeants--1st, Charles L. Williams ; Sd, Aug. O. Garrard ; 3d, Joshua S. Roper ; 4th, Wrn. D. Miller. Corporals -- lit, James H. Moore ; 2d, James Brodisrick ; 3d, James S. Williams ; 4th, Elia N. Beall.
rivates--R. O. Alien, H. T. Armstrong, E. Armstrong, David J. Adams, T. J. Alford, Lawrence W. Anderson, Solomon Belcher, James Burran, Stephen
ckmar, Hiram F. Bailey, George W, Brudie. Henry Coy, Jesse Crosby, Edw. C. Daniel, Wyatt L. Dalton. Daniel C. Foster, John Fox, John W. Forhy, Christopher C Farr, Simon Farrell, Jackson Grimes, Alex. Gerald, Dennis Sovey, Joseph A. Howard, Saul Huey, Rohert A, Huey, Henderson Henley, Enoch J. Hodge, John F. Jordan, William H James, Jefferson James, William James, William H. Lantern, Michael Leddy, "Elisba Marlow, Thomas Moore
ad, Thomas;'Morgan, Alex. C. Morton, Samuel T. McKenzie, Joseph C. Me. Xenzie, Absolom McDaniel, Joseph McMillan, William McKlrath, Thomas McEchern, M.'B. Odom, William D. Ogletree, Andrew J. Odom, James Pike, Andrew J. Raglanu, Charles M. Russell, John Riley, H. S. Riley, Joshua A.
me, John Re'mbert, Wm. Rotenherg, Erastus V. Sevell, Walter Stewart, William Simmons, John Singon, William C. Thomaston, John S. Thomaston, Joseph Thornton. .lohn F. Underwood, Shepherd Welch, Reuben B. Wilkerson, Theophilus Wilson, John W.Wills, Wm. H. Woodruff, William C. Wiliiforci, Join M. Wallace, John Wheeler. James Ysrhrough.

The "Semmes Guard," Captain William S. Shepherd, left on the 24th of July. The following was its muster roll of officers and of the privates from Muscogee county :
Captain--Wm. S. Shepherd. Lieutenants--R. N. Howard, 1st; Charlee R. Russell, 3d ; Wm. Redd, Jr., Brevet, 2d. Ensign--J. J. Jones.
Privates from Muscogee county--J. A. Weems, J. D. Ecthune, W. A. Barker, W. Lynch, J. B. Hopkins, O. E. Ligon, David Lyons, G. W. Ainchbacker, H. Oliver, Rolin A. Russell, D. G. Russell, J. Greenwood, L. Green.
"COLUMBUS VOLUNTEERS."
The "Columbus Volunteers," Captain F. S. Chapman, and the "Georgia Guards," Captain D. B. Thompson, left Colum-

140

COLUMBUS

TDUS on the 14th, of August for Atlanta, wliere they formed part of a regiment of which. Hon. H. Tj, Eenning was elected Colonel, It was the 17th Georgia Volunteers, The follow ing account of the services of the Columbus Volunteers, and its muster roll and casualties, are taken from the Directory:
The Columbus Volunteers arrived with the regiment, (17th Ga.,) at Manassas after the first battle of that memorable field, and went into camp near by. Soon after they went iuto Prince William's county, and there built winterquarters. Early the Spring following they moved wilh the army of North

C. H- Thence they were ordered to the Peninsula, passing through Richmond and taking steamer for King's "Landing on the James. Here they confronted the enemy at Warwick river, and began one of the most severe campaigns in the history of the war, occupying during the day, water-filled muddy trenches, and being relieved every other night, to rest a short distance away in the wet swamp. The retreat To .Richmond shortly folJowed, and after a short respite before that city, occupying a portion of the time on Garnett's farm, occasion ally skLrmj,shins1 with the enemy, and took part in the memorable and glorious Seven Days battles. From this period the Company followed the fortunes of General Longs treat's corps, taking part in battles, campaign and march, till at last the sad surrender of the gallant remnant was made by Gen, Lee,
This Company was made up of young men from Columbus, Marion, Chat tahoochee arid Upson ; many of them are sleeping their last sleep on the fields of honor in Virginia and Pennsylvania.
Officers--F. S.. Chapman, Captain. Lieutenants-- 1st, J. J. Grant ; 2d, J. R. Mott, promoted. Adjutant and Capt. on Gen. Benning's staff. L. E. O'KeefeBrevt. 2d Lieut , transferred to Trails-Mississippi department and promoted Captain and Adjutant Lewis 1 Brigade. Sergeants-- 1st. A. D. Brown ; 2d, J. H. Brown, missifij? ; 3d, W. H- Binkersou, promoted Lieutenant and killed at Gettysburg; 4th. S. R. Jaqu?s ; promoted to Orderly. Corporals-- 1st, Matt Underwood, killed at second battle Manasses 2d, Douglass Moore, killed by railroad accident at Reynold's creek 3d, James C. Garrett, promoted Sergt.
Privates--James G-. Brown; Wm. S. Brown, killed Gettysburg, July, 1864 ; William Beck: Isaac Beekwiths ; N. Barrett : William Bentley ; Berry Bentley; Mark Bentley; J. J. Boswell ; Robert Beeman, killed ; Wm. C. Cousens, promoted to Captain, lost leg and resigned; W. .D. Chapman ; Henry Chap man, killed ; Jeff. CuJpepper - Joel Culpepper ; John Culpepper, killed; Jasper Culpepper, killed at yd battle Manassas : "William Culpepper ; George Corbet ; Martin Clark; William J. Chaffin : C. Carpenter; James W. Dickey, promo ted Commissary Sergeant ; W. II. Dickey : M. Frank ; C. C. Trickling, -wound ed and discharged; William Fickling, died ; John Ficklin-, died ; James Gorham, killed; Wm, Harbuck, died ; James Hollman ; T. B. Howard, transferred and promoted Major- , JosVma, JDBBK ; "W. B. Johnson, died; Clark Jenkins ;

GEORGIA GUARDS.

141

Lewis Jenkins, died ; J. W. Jack ; John Key ; Hugh Key, killed at Gettysburg; J. H. Lawrence, promoted Sergeant ; J. F. Lowe, killed at Manasses ; H. C. Lowe, transferred and promoted Hospital Steward; Benjamin Ledbetter, trans ferred : J. C. LigVitf oot, missing ; John Lindsay, killed; A. C. MeCord, promo ted Captain; J. B. Moore, promoted Major; Jasper Majors; T. J. Majors, promoted Sergeant, killed at Fort Gil more : Henry Moore, lost an arm and discharged; D. D. Munn, killed at Gettysburg; J. McCuIloch ; Frank McGehee. died ; William Martin ; L. Meyer, discharged, ; Valentine Martin, died i William Norton; Robert Noles-, Cyrus Novthrop -, J. H.'Patterson-, J. D. Patillo; ------ Pearct;, died ; Dan. Pope ; Jack Pope; S.E.Robinson, promo ted Sergeant and Adjutant ; Jacob Revier; Isaac Rice ; Newton Royals ; B. P. Shaw, killed at 2d Manassas ; A. L. Short, killed at Gettysburg; Willis J. Skinner, killed at Gettysburg ; John Skinner, died ; Isaac Simmons : -- Sriead, killpd ; John Button, died ; J. A. Sellavs, promoted Jst Sevgeant -, T. J. Story ; 0. T. Thweatt; John Thorn, lost arm and discharged; Alien Talbot; H. Talbot ; Joseph Terry, transferred to engineer corps ; Isaac Wineberger ; S. F. Walker, killed at battle of Wilderness ; Henly Williams, died; E. L. Wells, promoted Sergeant ; ------ Watson, died ; T. J. Young ; A. Young, died.
GEORGIA GUARDS.
The following was the muster roll of the Georgia Guards :
Officers--Captain, D. B. Thompson. .Lieutenants--1st, Henry McCauley; yd> Charles A. Klink'i,Brevet ^d, P. Gittinger. jr. Sergeants--1st, Thos. J. Cay; 3d, Thomas Sweet ;\ 3d, John H. Weeks ; 4th, George Potter. Corporals--1st, Frank Goldsmith ; \2d, A. J. Snipes ; 3d, J. R. Horton ; 4th, W. J. Langston. Quartermaster--.J B.\ Aquem. Commissary----John H. Madden.
Privates--C. Arnold, M.J.Anthony, William J. Bird, James Brock, J. A. Boswell, J. W. Cone, Wiilis Cook, H. Cannon, William Cone, F. Curtem, T, Comer, Henry Corry, W. M. Davis, J. Davis, Thomas Donnovan, R. P. Falford, Peter Finnigan, John Foran, E. A. Gossette, Thomas Graves, W. M. Hally, S. W. Hall, H. H. Hall, George Hall, J. W. Hall. C. Bargroves, Jas. M. Jones, C. Johnson, J. H. Jones, Henry Jones, Hejiry Langley, J. E. Lewis, A. Murphy, J. Martin, W. McMichael, J, T. Mullins, L. Maddox, William Murray, D. Purcell, Charles Owens, W. Riley, G. B. Ragan, .1. Riley, A. Smith, William Singleton, J. Turner, P. Wry, M. T. Walker, G: W. Lavar.
Mayor Thompson having entered the service, Dr. J. FBozeman filled the position of Mayor until the regular elec tion.
A meeting of Ladies of Columbus, hold on the 21st of May, formed the "Ladies' Soldier's Friend Society," the object of which was to furnish clothing and other comforts for the sol diers. The following officers were elected: Mrs. A. H.

142

NEW INPUSTBIES.

Chappell, President; Mrs. Robfc. Garter, Vice President ; Mrs. J. A. Urgubart, Secretary ; Mrs. R. Patten, Treasurer.
The City Council, at its meeting held on the 6th of May, passed resolutions expressing regret for the resignation of Alderman Salisbury, who was about to go with his company lo "the front," and declaring "that each member of this Board -will imitate las gallant example whenever necessity may re quire it." Council, at the same meeting, also passed a resolu tion appropriating $200 for the benefit of the Georgia Grays, and promising a like sum. to each company- recruited .out of and by citizens of Columbus for the Confederate army.
"GEORGIA LIGHT LNFANTKY." The "Georgia Ijight Infantry," a fine company of youog men, Captain Apollos Kori'ester, left Columbus for the Con federate service on the 7th of October.
" TERBKI/L ARTILLERY."
The "Terrell Artillery," Captain Edgar Dawson, 1st Lieut. __ John W. Brooks; 2d, Charles Wright; 3d, T. M. Barnard,
left on the 17th of October.
" COLUMBUS MINUTJ3 MEN."
The "Columbus Minute Men," Capt. Hatch Cook--a com pany formed for coast defence in the service of the State--left for Savannah on the 29th of October.
"COLUMBUS FLYING ARTILLERY." The "Columbus Flying Artillery,' 1 3 large and well ap pointed company^raised by Captain Ed. Croft, left Columbus for Savannah on the 23d of December.
We cannot find the muster rolls of these companies, all of which were composed of volunteers partly from Columbus and partly from the surrounding country, both of Georgia and Alabama.
The war, while it drew off so many valuable citizens, stim ulated many industries, and built up some new ones, in. Colum bus. The Factories were pushed with, work, a very large por tion of their fabrics being made for the Confederate and State

INCIDENTS.

143

authorities, for clothing the soldiers in the field. The Colum bus Foundry and Machine Shops had to enlarge and increase their "working force to supply the demand for machinery and materials of war. The Quartermaster's establishment, under the chief management of Colonel F. W. Dillard, gave employment to a large number of women and girls, most of them wives or daughters of soldiers. Among the new indus tries were a Cap Manufactory by Samuel Thorn, and a Sword Factory by Ilaiman & Co. The ladies had a Soldier's Aid Society, which afforded valuable aid in clothing and sending comforts to the soldiers in the field.
The prices of many commodities advanced greatly even during this first year of the war, and some became so scarce that the people generally had to do without them and to look out for "substitutes." Salt was one of the first articles of prime necessity whose scarcity and high price were severely felt. We make the following quotations of prices for Decem ber: Bacon: 25 to SOc.; Flour $10 td $12; Coffee 67jo.; Su gar 10 to 12c:; Salt $10 per sack ; Corn 85c. to $1 ; Wheat $2 ; Prints 15 to 25c.; Osnaburgs 17 to 20c.; Flannels 75c. to $1.25 ; Shirtings and Sheetings 15@20c.
INCIDENTS.
Mr. John W. G. Gordon, an old conductor on. the M. & W. P. Railroad, was found dead in the lower part of Columbus on the morning of the 15th October. It was supposed that he died of heart disease.
A member of the Columbus "Flying Artillery," named Jas. Smith, -was stabbed by Isaac Harrell, on the night of the 10th of November, and died in a few minutes. Smith was from Chambers County, Alabama. The killing took place in a liquor shop in Wamackville. Other members of the compa ny "burned the shop and the dwelling of the owner.
The extensive tin and hardware establishment of Capt. D. B. Thompson was destroyed by fire on the night of the 2d of December. The stock, was very large, valued at $50,000 or '$60,000, and insured to only a small amount.

144

ur

At the State election in October, Dr. A. I. Robison and Col. J. A. L. Lee vrero chosen Representatives of Muscogee county.
Capt. Jacob G. Burrus "was killed on the 8th of April, in a difficulty with John and Thomas Bedd, He was shot with a pistol, on "Triangle street."
Ed. Croft was in May elected an Alderman of the 4th Ward vice W, L. Salisbury, resigned.
Osbome, a little son of Mr. "Wm. Douglass, was drowned in one of the "brick yard holes on the 18th of May.
A special election on the 14th of June for one Alderman each for the 1st and 5th "Wards, resulted in the choice of Jno. B. "W"right for the 1st, and John Peabody for the 5th.
James Gibson, a youth of about thirteen years, -was drown ed near the upper bridge, while bathing in the river, on the 6th of June.
The Eagle Manufacturing Company, in June, adopted reso lutions tendering to the Confederate Government, in exchange for its bonds, the sum of one thousand dollars per month until the end of the war j also appropriating one hundred dollars per month, as a contribution in aid of the city fund for the support of families of volunteers.
Aleck .Lamar, a youth connected with the Sun office, was drowned in the river above the railroad bridge while bathing on the 23d of June.
The Bank of ColumVus, in June, subscribed $75,000 to the Confederate loan, which was in addition to $60,000 previous ly subscribed, and to $35,000 loaned the State of Georgia.
Capt. James Abercrombie, an old and prominent citizen of Russell county, Alabama, living in the vicinity of Columbus, who nad removed to Pensacola, Ha., died there on the 2d of July. His remains -were brought to Columbus for interment.
A deplorable accident to the train conveying the Colum bus Volunteers and Georgia Guards to Atlanta occurred on the evening of the 14th of August, near Randall's Creek. Several of the cars were precipitated into a broken culvert.

PERSONAL.

146

Mr. Douglas C. Moore, of the Columbus Volunteers, and a negro boy "belonging to Mr. Edward Croft, were instantly killed. Several other persons were wounded.
The first new cotton was brought in on August 30th, being two bales from the plantation of Mr. George Hernden, of Marion county. It classed strict middling, and was sold at 10f cents. Very heavy and long continued rains fell during the first three weeks in. August, badly damaging all crops, and preventing the maturity and picking of cotton.
A shock of earthquake was felt in the city on the 31st of August, doing no damage.
The receipts of cotton for the year ending August 31st, amounted to 83,166 bales. Stock on hand 1st Sept., 2,234 bales.
Win. Butler, the engineer, was killed on the llth of Sept., by the running off the track of his train on the Mobile and G-irard Railroad, at Station No. 6.
Work on "the common passenger shed for/ the several Hailroad Companies was suspended in January, on account of the pressure of* the times.
Miss Ann JJsnkin was killed on the 8th of January, being thrown from a buggy in which she and another lady were riding, a few miles from the city.
The stores on the west side of Broad street, occupied by T. B. Scott and Mr. 3?ischacker, were burned on the night of the 20th of January. They were owned by B. Wells & Go.
PirRSOSTAIu
John. Quin and F, M, Brooks were Magistrates, and J. B. Hicks and D. Crockett Constables of the Lower District, and W. H, Brannon and John G-. Bethune were Magistrates, and John Lloyd Constable for the Upper District.
Wm. A. L.awes was elected Sheriff of Muscogee county, on the 9th of March, to fill the unexpired term of J. Hazleton, resigned.

146

MARRIAGES.

January 4--Ellas B. Presley arid Eebecoa J. Stinson,- 15, Thomas J. Wynne and Arry M. J. Fincher, Henry C. Mitchell and -Rowena Gunby, William H. Gibson and Gussie Greenwood ; 10, Alexander P. Pryor and Mary J. Sneed; ::iJ, George \vr. G-ail'ord and Elizabeth Chatrnan, Wm. KodgerK and Prances Champion ; 24, Joseph ELLison and Ellenora Garrott, James S. Tatum and Sarah Tatum ; 38, Win. Lawrence and Ellen Silas ; 29, William T. Griffin and M. F. Thompson, George McDaniel and Sarah Pritohard, John Turner and Martha Cooper.
Februay 10--Daniel H. Wynne and Mary A. Morrfeon .; 14, Thos. J. Willis and Elvira E. Jones; Hi, George W. Clay and Caroline Hines; 19, Daniel Grant and Mary E. Hungerford; 25, "Win. Sills and Elizabeth James j 26, John C. Martin and Mary Pittmau.
March i--Wm. T. Merchant and Sarah McMwlIen ; 3, Monroe M. Belcher aud Martha Olegg ; r>, Alexander O. Morris on and Mary E. Williamson, Wm. Pike and Winnie Thompson : B, Win. H. Hussell and Mary E. Tomlin ; 10, Geo. M. Venahle and Sv\Ban P.' Pavis, James B. West and Louisiana Prather ; 12, James T, Redding and Martha B. Hardaway ;- 1C, Wm. J. Webb and Adnline Williams; 21, Phineas Gray and Rachel Gray; 24, James T, Owens and Rachel E. Hoffman.
April 1--Alfred I. Young and Clara Wildman ; 9, Edward J. Holiey and Elizabeth Wynne ; 16, Isaac T. Tichnor and Emily O. Boyken ; 20, George B, Young and Mary J. Norton ; 25, Edward A. Kleber and Mary B. Barden.
May 3--Jos^e Schnider and Kate Oorbally ; 5, Thos. F. Kidenhour and Cliarlotto T. "Davis, Lawrence M. Burns and Mary A. Harris ; 9, James Hearu and Elizabeth Corlie ; 30, Milton J. Walker and Ella G. Rowe ; 2fi, Thomas MAUster and Nancy Eletcher ; 2',), Robert C. Mclntyre and Martha L. Mur-

June 2--Matae-w H. Pool and Sarah A. Skinner; 5, George B. Clark and Rhoda A. Odom ; C,, Conrad Bvavogle and Mary A. A. Barry ; 14, Williford Cherr^'and Susan Turner; W, Kobcrt E. O'Brien and Mariab. A. Brown, Harvey Jones and Mary B. Khodee ; 20, Green L. M. Tb.ompson and Sarah Morris ; 23, Daniel IX McDuffie and Elizabeth Ham ; 2T, Richard J. Hunter and Anna O. V. Howard.
July 1--David E. Moody and Mary D. Up ton ; 14, Wm. J. Langston and Mattie E. Parr ; 18, Walter Stewart and Elizabeth M. Kembert; 23, Wm. M. Foster and SiiKan Barker ; 2S, James M. Willis and Nancy J, King.
August 2--John J. Kemp and Emaline Moody ; 4, Joseph Pittman and Mary Bradley; 14, Wm. Amos and Lucy P. Cox; 17, Jesse C. Ousley and Elizabeth P. Evans ; 25, Wm. B. Green and Aiitionett V. Vanzant.
September F.--James C. Huckaba and Nancy L. Thomas; S, James Belcher and Elizabeth Neweom ; 15, FranMin J. Johnson and Alice A. Mealing ; 17, Wm. S. Tooke and Lucy A. Bnsssy ; 22, Andrew Grdnde and Lizzie Wynne ; 24, James A. Shinglenr and Martha E. Flewellen, Lewis Scott and Winney Hurst j 26, James W. Doles and Mai-y T. Jones.

DEATHS.

147

October 6--Thos. P. Lunsford and Anna J. King ; 8, Charles E. Brooks and Virginia E. Barden ; 15, Benjamin A. Stripling and Ann !. Champion ; 24, Tjovick Goodwill and Malinda Rodgers, Peyton H. Colquitt and Julia P, Hurt; BJ-, Amory D. Eamett and Sarah A. Turner.
November 5--Lemuel Loekhart and Gaily A. E. Vinson; 12, Janies C. Ed wards and Aim Mclntyre ; 17, E. J. Mathews and Susan Colter ; 21, James C. Gartman and Sarah T. Hobbs.
December 1--James V. Averett and Mary 11. Skinner ; 3, Tlios. C. Parham and Eugenia T. Womaok ; 8, Win. Odom and Elizabeth R. Patrick ; 9, John Livingston and Elizabeth Tadlock ; 10, Win. A. Speris and-Narcissa J. Bobinson, Francis J. Abbott and Mary A. Button ; lo, John Olive and Melvina Hatton ; 18, Wm. C. Cooke and Clara W. Aberorombie ; 24, Cincinatus B. Kendrick and Mary Holcomb ; 3G, Alexander Frazier and liena Smith; 31, William A. Teal and Sarah E. Brittain, Frederick F. Coulter and Emaline A. Hill.
DEATHS. Jan. 31--Horace H. Taft. Feb. 1--(in G-irard,) Jesse Hays; 12, (drowned at Mobile,) Rev. Noble DeVotie; 19, Charles Markhain. March 7---Itifant daughter of H. H. Epping; 23, (in WynutonJ Mrs. Eliza, wife of Hu. B. Dawson; 28, Charles D. Wales. April 3--Sainusl B. Harvell, Neii G-. Smith; 10. Samuel J. Hatcher; 1, Dr. Alphonso C.', Kivlin; 24, James Lawrence Hill. May 9--Child'of Dr. Tiohnor ; 22, Mrs. O'Bannou: 31, Dr. LeBoy Holt. June X--John 'C. Wakefield; (J, infant non of Jesse Cox; 17, Eva, daugh ter of G. H. Peabody; IB, Thos. S. Alien; 23, infant daughter of F. J. demons ; 22, Alex. B. Lamar; 24, infant daughter of J. P. Murray; 3O, in fant son of Geo. C. Benfroe. July 1--Mrs. James D. Code; 3, Mrs. II. L. Mott; 8, Mrs. Bradford; 22, Mrs. Sallie L., wife of Bev. A. Wright; 25, J. D. Baldwin; 3O, Miss Sarah E. Crews. August 2--Col. Van Leonard, Mrs. Nancy Fields; 7, infant son of Bev. H, H. Parks; 15, Win. J. Caraway. Sept. 3--Infant son of E. M. Clarke ; 5, infant son of James M. Chambers ; S, E. J. King; 13, Mary S. Fackler: 14, Margaret Sanders; 23, H. B. Dixon, (in Richmond.) Dec. 1--(in Augusta) G-eorge W. Winter, formerly of Columbus; 24, (at Mofcgomery) A. S. Butherford, Clerk of the Superior Court of Muscogee.

148

CITIZENS' MBETINS.

1862.
Second Y^ear of the War---Military Feeling, &c.
The municipal election in December last resulted in the choice of Dr. J. F, Bozeman as Mayor; George ~W. Jones, Clerk ; Jas. D. Johnson, Treasurer ; no election for Marshal; George A. Huckeba, Deputy Marshal; Henry M. Harris, Sexton. Aldermen---1st Ward, J. J. McKendree, Dr. Flewellen ; 2tl, J. W. King, F. 0. Johnson ; 3d, John Hazleton, T. O. Douglass ; 4th ; John Digon, J. T. Daniel; 5th, John Quin, W. S. Holstead ; 6th, J. M. Bivins, F. M. Gray.
The City Council elected the following officers : Bridgekeeper, Jno. Bunnell; Hospital keeper, Mrs. McGehee; Mag azine keeper, Peter Anderson ; Wharfinger, "W. H. Alston; City Printers, Thos. Gilbert & Co.; City Physician, Dr. A. C-. WingHeld.
On the 7th of January, John C. Lovelace was elected Mar shal.
A very large, earnest and enthusiastic meeting of citizens was held in Temperance Hall on the 27th of February, at which resolutions were adopted pledging all the resources of the people to the carrying on of the war of defence; declar ing that the people of Muscogee will cheerfully and promptly respond to the late and all other calls for volunteers; also re-' questing the Inferior Court to make provision for the support of volunteers until they shall be received into the service, and calling upon that Court to levy a tax sufficient to support the families of volunteers during their absence. The meeting also appointed a Committee of Public Safety, composed of 21 prominent citizens, and a committee to go through the coun try and collect all the guns that could be spared, and to call on the people for contributions of money, provisions, cloth ing, &c.

TWO VOLUNTEER MILITARY COMPANIES.

149

Two more volunteer military companies--the "Muscogee Volunteers," Capt. Cooper, and the "Price Volunteers," Capt. Bedell--left Columbus on the 12th of March for the rendez vous at Griffin, where they were incorporated into new regi ments for the Confederate service. The "Muscogee Volun teers" were made Company C of the 46th Georgia .Regiment, of which Peytori H. Colquitt was elected Colonel. He was killed on the 20th of September, 1863, in the battle of Chickamauga. The following ~was the muster roll of the '"Muscogce Volunteers: "
Officers--A. H. Cooper, Captain, killed Sept. 20th, 18f>3, at Chickaiiumga. Lieutenants--1st, F. C. Tillmaii, promoted Captain, killed June L'Oth, 18(M, at Kermesaw ; 2d, W. R. Bedell, appointed Adjutant 4<!th Georgia Reglraont, 18G2; ad, J. T, Daniel, proiiioted to Captain, Juno 2Otli, 18*H, and aiirrcndered in North Carolina, April 2Gth, 'I8(>r,. Sergeants -- 1st, Charles Neulfor. died at Charleston, S. C., 18<i2; 3d, A. J. Floyd ; 3d, J, W. Huff, elected Lieutenant; J. S. Acee, promoted to Lieutenant of Artillery, 1804 ; G. G. Cartledgo, promoted to Orderly Sergeant, and killed at Franklin, Turin., lS<54t. Corporals-.--Ist, Isham R. Brooks, promoted to Orderly Sergeant ; l!d, J. R. McGe;e ; 3d-' T. J. Skinner ; 4th, Thomas Harrison, promoted to Sorgi.-unt.
Privats-^-W. M. Alien; J. L,. Anthony; S. W. Anthony, discharged; J- F. Aldraond, dred siuce war ; Hezekiah Bedell; T. II. B.inks ; J. H. B^tletl ; W. R. Bartleii;; C. C. Bize, promoted Corj>oral and killed, 18<i4 ; .1). It. Bize ; Thomas Bolefe^ killed, J8(i4; John B. Brooks; E. C. Brooks, died L8li3 ; P. J. Bigers ; William Brown ; John Buwsey ; William Bussey ; Wm. Champion, wounded at Jackson, Miss.; J. L.. Dnffoe, discharged* 18(>i ; M. K. Edward; W. D. Edward, killed 22d July, 18G4 ; A. J. English ; Henry Fleming ; John Fleming, discharged, 18G4 ; J. F. Fleteher; J. M. Fletcher, promoted to Sergeant; J. B. Ford ; J. H. Gfdaway; F. M. G-ammel ; Joseph Hartong ; L. J. Haynes; W. C. Henderson ; E. J. Horn, killed at Jackson, Miss., 183 ; West Horn, died 1S<J2; H. J. Horn ; J. D. Holt ; E. D. Jones, captured at Chiokarriauga, 1803 ; Thomas Kennedy ; Jeremiah King, killed ; O. K. Land, killed at Chiokamanga, September 20th, 18(>;J ; William Langford; E. Langiord; P. I-,. Lewis; A. J. Livingston, killed at Chickamanga, Sept. 10, IWiS ; James Lockhart ; "William Lockhsirt ; Henry Long ; Julius Long ; Aaron Long ; W. H. H. Lokey, killed at Nashville ; Jinks J (ow ; M. T. J.,ynn ; L,. J. McGehee ; J. W. Massey ; B. F. McCrary, wounded and discharged, 18(M ; N. E. Miller; O. H. Miller,'discharged ; Silae McGuyrt, discharged, lost arm ; John MoG^iyrt; N. B. Morrill ; Spencer Motley ; J. L>. Moy ; J. H. Morrison ; James Mooney ; J. C. Myers - J. A. Parker ; G. E. Parker ; Wm. Parker ; H. P. Parkman ; William Peddy, killed ; Elisha Phillips ; J. P. Phillips, died ; E. P. Phillips, died; F. X. Profiuno ; W. H. H. Kobisoii, died; G-. M. Kogere, killed at Jonesboro, Ga., 1804; John Rogers, died;

-li>U

MILITARY COMPANIES.

.T. L. Roberts : W. H. Rus^ll - F. P. 8<iott. ; O. A. SliLvsi-B ; J. H. B. Skippey, discharged; IT. T. Simmont*; D. A. Skinner ; J". W. Skinner ; O. U. Sperlin; W, A. Spires; J. M. Thompson ; J. N. Thomson, deserted; W. U. Thompson, denortcd ; J. W. Thompson, tluaort^d ; T. W. Hchoonmnkw, transferred to 32d Ga. Iteginmnt, !<;:} : John. Hawfem, t ransfurred; '^- IHarvey, tranwforred ; Robert Motley, died l-SCJO : -T. N. Took; J. J. Took; H. C. Treadaway ; James Ti image, diod; W. A. Waters; J. M. Wat kins, killed; Jonathan Watson ; Simeon "Wikku, killed, J.S<;H;.B. '!.'. WiH is, killed. 1BG4 ; N. C. Willis ; K. 1\ Willw ; L. J. Williwos, tilled. ltt(W ; G. W. Vf'iKexnan ; Robert Wisemaii : Neal \Vilkrsou ; Wm. WilkorMou ; Lowis Wilkeraon, died; "\Vm. Wragg ; J. A. Wynn ; T. Jeff. WilUs, promoted to Sergt. and hilled at Chiukamaiiga, 20th Septembor, 1U3.
A military organization for homo defence was effected at a meeting held in tlio C.onrt House on the 26th of March. Six ty-one volunteers then enrolled themselves, and organized by electing John L. Mustain, Captain; John. Pcabody, James Broaduax, and Frank W. Golden, Lieutenants; R. T. Simons, Jacob Burr us, John Darlcm, and I3 eter Roman, (Jorporals; George A. Huckeba, H. B. Sedberry, J. \V. Bishop, and Jos, Roper, Sergeants ; R. S, Stoekton, Secretary and Treasurer-
A fine cavalry company, raised by Captain Robert Thomp son, left Columbus early this year for the Confederate serv ice, bilt we cannot find the date. Tt was made Company A of the Third Georgia Cavalry, of which M. J. C-raw ford was Colonel; .R. B. Ken n on, .Lieutenant Colonel; I To ward John son, Major; J. "P. C. Winder, Adjutant; K. F. Colzey, Sur geon ; ~---- Monlkey, Assistant Surgeon ; Harry J. DcJjatinoy, Serg't Major; J. "W". Hint on, Cliaplain ; R. \V. .Tteutori, Quartermaster; J. A. J'Yazier, Commissary. Most of these regimental ofricers were from Columbus. The officers of Co. A were: Robert Thompson,, Captain, (afterwards promoted Colonel of the regiment); Chas. Pholps, 1st Lieutenant; Wm. Howard, 2d; John Klink? 3d? afterwards 1st Lient.; Law rence Wall, O. S. ; afterwards 3d'Liexitenant.
The officers of Company B of the same regiment were: B. A. Thornton, Captain; Howard Johnson, 1st Lieutenant, afterwards promoted Major, of regiment; Hamp Park, 2(1 Lieut.; 'John Manley, 3d; Thomas King, O, S., afterwards Lieutenant.

Company I of the same regiment: John W. Hurt, Cap-tain; J. S. Pemherton, 1st lieutenant, afterwards Captain ; 11. B. Fontnhie, 2d Jjiemt., afterwards Captain; Woolfolk Walker, 3d Licut.; James .Dennis, O. S,, afterwards Lieutenant,
The a Columbus Rebels" were mustered into service in April, 1862, at Atlanta, ;\s Company C, 9tli Georgia Battalion of Artillery. We copy its roll avul record, from Haddock's Directory -.
This Company was sent to Abingdon, Va., and in tlio Fal] of that year ci-oSKett the CumibtfrlJMid Mountains at fVwnd Gap, awl toolr part hi the Kentucky campaign. After the battle of IWryville, and the withdrawal of Gen. Bi-agK from Kwitnoky, nrfrealod \vit\\ Ocnorttl Humphrey Mar.-.sltall'y
In May, 18G3, were- ordered to Knoxvill*-, Teim., and m Ju assisted in dofoiidin^ the city against the otic my, under G and Col. John "Siro-wiilow. In August of this year, imt:ch.u.<i corps to joitt Gii. .Bi-aKK, and partiLtJpfitol in the oper Cave and the batllo of Obickiiman^a. After the battle WoiTord's brigade, which composed the advance of our Chafctanoogfl., Was sent with Lougstrpet to Kasi Tcnn
Mi;', was ordered to J',yiKrhbur& nd rtssistcd izi dnfe'3in|> that place against, the enemy imcW Gen. Kutitor, mid after IIIB repulse and retroat wen.t witk K^rley's corps |i.i pursuit and remained "vvith Gen. Enrly dudng liis subseqvient operation^ in the Valley of Virg;m.ta, after which they warn ordered to Richmond, taking part in ite defense and surrendering witli Grii, Lee^ army at Appojiiattox Court Ilmise. 'Vhe ollo\v3Bg is nn .imperfect roll of the company as it IK given wholly from memory by an active jn.;.rtibor of the compnny. Of the 95 or ]()0 members wome 20 or 2i> surrondored with the company it Appomattox Court 3-touse:
Oaiocrs---George W. At.kinfttm, Captain, resigriwl in .Tiai, T8C.'}, and was discharged by subsiitntion. TjicntcmmtH--1st, 'ITtos. O. Pou^lass, resi.^ned in May, 180;>, on account of physical disability. 3d, Ijiout., A. M. Wolihiri, promoted to cnptaitioy in June, I8fi3, and sun-endured at Appomattox Court House. :>d Tvitint,., P. T,. Key, promoted to 1st Iji-eiitenant in Juno, lS(;;i, mirrondered at Appomattox Court House. Sergeants--1st, Geo. A. B. Smith, discharged in May, 1863, by substitution. 2cl Sergt., John S. CargiU, pi-omoted in JVTay, 1SG3, to 1st Sergeant, /afterwards Adjutant to G-c.mc.ral. Sd Sergeant, AVm. Hall, proanoted to 2d l.ieutcimnt. 4th. Sergt., J. li. Killings, 6urrend<;red at Appomattox Court House. 5th Sergt., B. F. Bussey, promo ted to 1st Sergeant, surrendered at Apomsttox Court Honse., Corporals-- 1st, James McElrath 3d, Jdhn F. Barker, dead; 3d, Luke Oonley ; 4tli, J. A. 3?assell, siarrendered at Appomattox Court House ; 5tli, Pat. Foran.

152

MILITARY COMPANIES.

Privates--John AHon, died in l(i; Frank A Hums, B. F. Barnes, B. F,

Bri train, Wm. Barker, E. O. Bec-i-H; H. Bussey, died in 18ti:i; --Brooks,

died in 18(>2: Jolm F. Brown, discharged on account of disability; W. A.

Bozomau, discharged by order President Diwis; Robert Bo -eimm, discharged

on neeomit of disability; AUrod Beimott; 8. I*. C. Plark, d ss-rl,^! m S.ip-

teinbr.

vvford, Fm

Lsford, detailed

Jaeutcnant in ISd.-! and resigned; J. A. Foster, \\'m. FoaUjr, .!Ie;i'-,y Foster; M. C. Gilbert, discharged by substitution in 18<;.",; Jolm W. Gay, N. B. Gay, John G. Grant, John Heiidersoii, Toucy Ilemlerson, W>n. Jlilf; A. ". Hud son, de.id; Robort Hudson, John A. Johnson, L. W. K'.'elmg, T.FIOW. Tjn.ssc.tnr, James ,J. Jattleton, James Ji, Lawrence; John Irmd-rs, promoted to Corpo ral and discharged in IfiC-S ; M. II. I.'ec, discharged by mjbslitntion in J 8(!3 ; JftinesF. Tjewis; It. G. T.yim, wounded in hnnd aud disolioi-gnd; Alleu Mnnn ; .lames Mann, discharged .from disability in 18G:;; Win. H. Morg-m, Thomns Morgan ; George M. Morgan, promoted to Corporal in ISfJS ; Wm. MoElr.ith; M. W. Murphy, promoted to Sergeant, one of the bravest and most effsciive gunners in the battalion; Win. Odom, transt'evr(;d to !-Of h <j-eoi>;i i K g : menl ; JaiYies Osswall, died .in 1802; Launder Orlom, promoted f!oi-iK-;i,l in ]M!4; I>. M. Fosey, V'rojnoted to Sergeant in 1K(!4 ; Wmi Price, Ilobert Foweli; Keubeii Fowell, disal)led by wonnd in hanii and. diKelmr^.d ; Wm. K-jeg:in,
tmd died Sepleinber, ISu8, of ty3K HUBS-.U; John 1-i. Sho.-t, pm-
.8 J. Smith, Wm. Smith, James Sander.'ille, Va., :n lS(i;t; .). M. Sizemore,
B. G. Bike George W. Tomberliii, diselinrged on account of disability; J. W. Turing*v !_,. S. Tunings, Thos. S. Tumage, Win. Tooke ; JRR. M. \VillioniH, pi-omotod to Sergeant in 18(M ; John Weldon, died in ISC^L'; John C. V/;illace; T. B. Wallace, died 1S61 ; W. H. Washington; W. H. Webb, diseharged by snbsli-
Brad Wall, died in 18G8 ; George W. Wull, Jume:-j Wall, Nathan Yoang.
The "Oolurnbus Minute J5ovs," a company that had been in the State service for six months, re-organized for the Con federate service on the 19th of May, and elected the follow ing officers: Uatcli Cook, Captain'; .A.. "V. Boat rite, Ifit Lieu tenant; John Beasley, 2cl; Jas. B. Butt, Brevet 2d.
A fine company of Mounted Partisan Rangers, raised and commanded by Capt. J. H. Sikcs, left Columbus for rendez vous at Wilson, N. C., on the llth of August. The follow ing were the officers elect: J. H. Sikes, Captain; P. A. S.

INCIDENTS.

153

Morris, 1st Lieutenant; Dr. L. W. Phillips, 2d; J. W. Ware, 3d; John G. Reedy, 1st Sergeant. '.This command was after wards increased to a battalion, of which Captain Sikes was elected Major.
The following statistics are obtained from the tax returns of Muscogee county for this year (values in. Confederate money): No. of polls 1,166; No. of acres of land 198,902, aggregate value $1,710,035; No. of slaves 6,510, value $3,493,830; value of city property $2,428,175; merchandise $620,961; aggregate value of whole property $13,131,656; number of acres in cotton 2,335, do. in corn. 31,882.
W. S. Lee and F. M. Jeler were on the llth of October elected Aldermen for the 3d Ward, to fill vacancies.
On the morning of the last day of December, before day light, one of tlie mosb destructive fires with, winch, tlie city was ever visited broke out in the warehouse of Messrs. Greenwood^ & Gray, corner of Randolph and Front streets. The flames-:spread with great rapidity, and the whole mass of cotton w>as soon enveloped in a sheet of fire, giving a bril liant light wVich illuminated the whole neighborhood of the city. By the\exertions of the firemen, the conflagration, way confined to the warehouse, but it was with much difliculty that the adjoining auction house of Messrs. Ellis & Livingston, arid tlie Baptist Factory Chapel on the opposite side of Front street, were saved. The amount of cotton in the ware house was about six thousand bales, belonging in part to planters arid in part to buyers. All of it was consumed. The building and a portion of the cotton were insured. The fire was believed to have been the work of an incendiary.
The following were quotations of prices in December; Corn $1.60@$1.80; sweet potatoes $1; peas $1.25@$1.80 ; sorgo syrup $2.50 per 'gallon; N. O. sugar 50c. per Ib.j salt 50 to 58c. per Ib.

INCIDENTS. The new Presbyterian Church, (corner of Oglethorpe and

154

PERSONAL.

St. Clair streets,) was dedicated on the 2d of February--ded ication sermon by the pastor, Hev. S. H. Higgins,
The Chattahoochce rose to a great height in February. On the night of the 18th the upper bridge was swept away. Tt fortunately broke up in passing the rapids, before reaehing the lower bridge, and therefore failed to carry off the latter with it. The flood almost reached the flooring of .the lower bridge. The banks of the river caved in greatly, par ticularly on the Alabama side, and the factories were "drowned out" for several days.
Wrn, Currau, an Irishman, was shot and killed by Jos. II. Daniel on the llth of March. The testimony showed that Curraii was about to make an attack on Daniel, at the hitter's own house, and Daniel shot him in self-defence.
A freshot in April washed away the creek bridge in Girard on (.he 9t,h of that month.
Mr. A. G. .Lawrence, of Columbus, was killed by a fall from a hotel window in Atlanta on the 26th of August.
An operati ve in Grant's Factory, named !Nickles, was stabbed arid killed by another workman, Pickett, on the 29th
of August. Mr. Tronp Banks, a son of Col. John Banks, committed
suicide by shooting himself with a shot gun, in "Wyivnton, on the 25th of November. Bad health had affected his mind.
On the night of the 15th of December, the house of Mr. Hughes, in Girard, was burned, and Mrs, Jane Britton, a relative of the family, perished in. the flames.
Mrs. Klns]ey, wife of John Ivinsley, fell from the river bluJY on the night of the 26th of December, arid was killed
by the fall.
P-ERSONATj.
The Methodist Episcopal appointments for Columbus for the year 1862 were as follows: C. R. Jewett, P. B.; H. H. Parks, St. Luke and Pierce Chapel; Armimns Wright, St. Paul; "W. J. "VYardlaw, Girard and Factory.
The following county officers were chosen at the election

MARRIAGES.

155

of January: James G. Cook, Sheriff; F. M. Brooks, Clerk of the Superior Court; _A_. P. Jones, Clerk of the Inferior. Court;
J. L. ITowcll, Tax Receiver ami Collector; Tiios. Chaffin, Treasurer; J. B. Ilioks, Coroner; J. 10. Lamar, Surveyor.
Jos. L. Morton. was Chief of the Fire Department, and
Samuel Lawhon Assistant. Dr. II. M. Jeter was Postmaster
of Columbus.
M All HI AGES.
January 1--Martin E. Cost an ami Aim J. Barber ; 0, Ameiiius U. Bailey and Harriet C. Gregory ; 10, Thomas J. Stone and Ursule Taylor ; 21, Henry 8. Wriglit and Caroline G. McCrnry ; 2.'!, John J. "Wynne and Martha A. MoGeliee.
February '2--Joseph Shaw and Emma MeGinf.y, Asa Rabun and Charity Tonnell ; 4, Win. J. Gordon and Mary C. W. Baker ; ',, John E. Ballou and Mary <l. Ijamav ; 9, James E. Wm-ren and Mary H. Stoen, George L. Lapham and H.jlcii Chaffin ; 18, Tlios. J. McMicken and Margaret Mason ; 25, Gustavus A. Koehn and Henrietta Rxwonbanm ; 20, William Brown and Frances A. Clark.
March 1--Andrew J. Tyler and Rebecca E. Stagg ; 0, Elbert J. P. Collier and Sarah A-'pr Clark ; 9, Jas. Graiilham and Matilda Eady ; 1(), Wni. W. Hall and Nancy L. -Mood ; 1 2, Hobt. B. Lockhart and Emma J. Rankin ; 13, Jas, E. McGrath and Mfarthft J. Olive ; 21, Alien Yanghn and liachel Bareiitine ; 27, Win. TJryant and',Cornelia A. Harris.
April 8 --John,K.. Hortaii and Elizabeth McClam ; l.-i, Edmund Maun and PrancoH M. Morgan, James K. Dockruw and Sarah J. Glenn ; 17, Robert E. Th-weutt and Mai-y\T. Wal ,- 27, Andrew J. 'Braf&ell and JoKaphiiie F. Sueed, Jolm H. Ward and Mary J. Stephens.
May J --John T.J. Freddy and Sarah Brannon; 7, Thos. F. Jones and Sarah J. Johnson ; 27, Charles Cogle and Isabella McGehoe ; 28, Uritth B. Harrokl and Mary K. Fogle ; 29, "W. W. Livings tone and Mary BJair.
June 3- Walter H. Weoms and Ella 11. Ingi-ani ; 8, Pleasant F. Statham and Adalinu DIUICMII ; 10, Thos. J,. Bagley and Mary C. Itice, John F. Wild ing and Sophia Keroheimer; ay, David Ellison and Sarah Upton. ; 27, Clemens Batestme and Sarah A. Doaii.
July 0--Wm. L. Ogle and Savastia T. Teal ; 14, Win. Love and Elizabeth Kearn ; 1G, Harper J. B. Jones and Catharine B. Spigener ; 21, Andrew J. Clark nd .Jane T. riggK j 97, Win. F. Winslett and Elmira C. Pitts ; 29, George A. Gammell and Elissabeth C. Smith.
August 4--John Mullins and Elizabeth Copeland ; 10, Miles E. Bloodsworth and Martha Cook; 11, Frank Chevers and Ellen Linn eh an ; 12, Win. Corner and Abigail Williamwon, .James B. Sanclerliii and Sarah A. Trice; 13, George M. Bryaii and Leonora C. Hardison ; 17, Felix Uoselly and Mary F. Wynne ; 18, Geo. T. Hutchins and Barbara A. Baker; 20, Edward T. Mc~ Cormack and Bebecoa Long; 25, James T. Camp and Cecilia Moore; 28, Michael Fagan and Sarah Alien, George Hainmond and Georgia Pickett.

156,

DEATHS,

September 2--Arthur Lipsey and Catharine Jenkins ; 9, Wm. Letford and Sarah E. Stewart ; 18, John Linnehan and Martha Tillman.
October 7--Joseph Saiitoiii and Lucy E. Echols; 9, Frank Landon and Fannie L. Day; 15, James Jordan and Georgia A. Clark ; l(i, Joseph U. Dickiiison and Fannie O. Bridges ; 26, Eugene Arbore and Fannie Trice.
November 1--Robert M. Howard and Alex. O. Liudsey; 16, Henry J. Jones and Sarah J. Henry ; 17, Henry Smith and Mavy Ann T>illon ; 20, G-eo. W. Powell and Jane C. Rodgors ; 25, William K, Turman and Harriet E. Boykin, Thos. E. Blanchard and Sarah E. McDougakl; 2tt, Albert R. DePoe and Sarah V. Pendleton.
December 1--Charles F. Taliaferro and Luey H. Bass; 4, JoelL, Alien and Frances E. Hamilton, Armenius "VVright and Sarah A. Taffc ; 18, James E. Gladnay and Augustus Davis ; 23, Win. H. Robinson and Mary J. Harris ; 24, John W. Churchhill and Almedia H. Oast an ; 28, Charles Tyler and Laura Boiling; 31, Francis Lewis and Martha Byals.
DKATJTS.
January 1 --Anna, daughter of J. Kivlin -, 15, (in Beallwood) Dv. Henry Lock dart.
Feb. 3--Oen. Ghas. J. Williams ; 10, Mrs. Edward Brannon, March 2--W. Wilkins Brooks. Api-il 2--Samuel R. Andrews, Miss Mary M-, daughter of M. W. Thweatt; 3, I>. F. Frederick; 5, Major John H. Howard; 18, John Fontaine, jr. May 1-- Child of JOB. W. Woolfoik ; 29, (in Girard^ Mrs. Margaret Gifford ; 2:-i, Mrs. Narcissa F. Sapp. Jime 7- -Alderman John Hazletou; 2'A, R. Watson Denton; --, (at Colum bus, Miss.,) Lieut. James Chambers; 2G, (in Girard) Charles B. Lloyd. July --Adjt. James Ware; 17, Capt. Vnn Leonard, died of wound in battle near Birtimoiid ; 22, infant son of Rev. W. J. Wardlaw. August il --Miss Clara E. CUpp ; 14, Mary Augusta Crichton. Sept. 4--Enfant daughter of Solomon M. Crew; 9, Duucan McDougald; 21, Mrs. M'ltry M. liawson. Oct. 1.7--Infant daughter of J. A. Shinglenr; 26, infant daughter of L. B. Redding; 24, Mrs. Mary V. Hamilton. Nov. 6-- H. P. Albrecht; 17, Henry, son of H. T. Hull; 20, Charles L.. Pholps ; 2f[, child of James M. Chambers, jr. Dec. 8--George T., son of Alfred Prescott; 11, (in Girard,) Emma, daugh ter of Lieut. T. Jeff. Batea.

Oct. 2--Child of J. H. Daniel; 3, child of Mrs. Bullook ; 4, Mrs. Smith; 4, Mr. Wright, Peter Boyee; 7, child of Mr. Albright; 9, Mrs. Ballard, --, B. P. Burdet, soldier, Miss Woodruff, child of Mr. Woolfolk; 12, Henry Prone, soldier; 16, child of Dr. Boswell, Mrs. Fox, Miss Rhodes; Mr. Yarn, soldier; 27, Mr. Baugh, Mr. Baugh's child; 22, child of Mr. Culpepper; 25, child of Capt. Humphries; 2*;, Mrs. Flonrnoy.
Nov. L--Child of Mr. Kedd, Mrs. Spinks; 3, child of Mrs. Jemison ; 4,

CITY OFFICIALS.

157

Miss Ann Kirkley; f>, child of Mr. Lawrence ; 9, child of Amanda Rogers, child of Mrs. E. Rogers, child of Mr. Co\ieh, child of Mr. McCarvin; IO, child of- V. Ogletree, child of Mr. Pike, child of Mr. Smith,- 12, child of Mr. O'Banntm; 14, Mrs. Shirley ; ir>, child of Mr. Furdle, 17, Mrs. Bullock, child of Mr. Weeks, child of Mrs. Conner; 19, Mrs. Britt; 22, Mr. Bullock, Mrs. Harvfell; 24, Mrs. Howard; 27, child of Mr. Oolquitt, child of Mr. Cham bers ; 28, H. Montgomery, 8. Jones.
Dec. 4--Child of Mr. Montgomery; 8, Benj. Sergureiir; 9, child of Mr. Barr; 10, J. E. Jones; It, child of Ma]. Humphries, Mr. Starr.

1863.
destructive Fives--Local Defence^ &<:.
The municipal election, in December resulted as follows: Mayor, Ool. F. G. Wilkins; Aldermen--1st Ward, J. J. McKendree,;'W. W. Flewellen; 2d, Chas. B. Minis, J. W. King; 3d, Wm:-S. Lee, Frank M. Jeter; 4th, J. A. Bradford, John Ligon; 5$h., F. A. Jepson, \Vm.. Douglass; ,6th., James M. Bivins, John Durkin. The vote for Mayor stood--Wilkins 238, F. M. ^rooks 207, John Quin 121.
The new Council, at its first meeting, elected the following city officers: Marshal, Thos. Callier; Deputy Marshal, John C. Lovelace ; Clerk, George W. Jones ; Treasurer, James D. Johnson; Attorney, Wiley AVilliams; Physician, John B. Baird; Sexton, Wm. H. Harris; Bridge-keeper, Kobert Davis; Keeper of Hospital, Mrs. McGehee; Magazine-keeper, Peter Anderson ; Wharfinger, Philip H. Alston; City Prin ter, Thomas Raglaiid of the ^Enquirer. The salaries of the city officers were raised to correspond with the expenses of living.
Health Officers--P. H. Hartman, B. F. Coleman, Dr. Bozeman, J. K. Eedd, Dr. Cleckley, John Johnson, Felix Burr us, W. M. Jepson, John Quin, Charles Wise, F. M. Gray, John Kinsley,

158

DISASTROUS FIRES.

. Mrs. McGeliee declined to serve as Hospital-keeper with the allowances made, and Mrs. Stringfield was elected. -
On Monday night, the 19th. of January, tlie large brick, building on the corner of Oglethorpe and Randolph streets-- the lower rooms of which were occupied as the Post-office, and the upper story as the boarding--hou.se of Mrs. Teasdale-- was consumed by fire. The most valuable matter in the Post-office was saved, but a few mail-bags were burnt. Mrs, Teasdale lost nearly all her household effects. The building belonged to Seaborn Jones, Ksq., and had long been used as the Post-office. The fire was no doubt accidental. The Post-office was removed to the corner of Randolph and Broad streets, then known as the Manley & Hodges corner.
Another great lire occurred on the morning of the 3d of February, breaking out in the boot and shoe store of Peter Biehler on Randolph street. It burnt all the houses on the south side of Randolph street from two do.ors west of the Enquirer office to the corner of Broad, and all on the east Hide of Broad street to and including Dr. Ware's drug store. This included four brick buildings on Randolph street, and five on Broad street. The parties burnt out on Randolph street were P. Biehler, the jewelry establishments of K. Saylor and G. Jordan, the barber shop of Win. Paine and WeeriiSj the office of Dr. Fogle, dentist. On Broad street, the drug stores of Messrs. Brooks & Chapman and Dr. R. A. Ware, and three dry goods stores were burnt, with a portion of the goods in each of them. Over the burnt stores on Broad street were the law offices of Ll T. Downing and John Peabody, Esqs., and the offices of Dr. J. Li. Gheney, and Drs. Lee & Phelps. The supply of water was very limited, and to this cause was due the wide-spread destruction by the fire. Four of the buildings on Randolph street were owned by IT. H. Epping, also two on Broad street. Dr. Ware, Mr. Downing, and Mr. Morris Kopman each owned one of the burnt buildings.
At a special election held on the 7th of February, Thomas Brassill for the 2d, and Wm. H. Griswold for the 3d 3 were

LOCAL DEFENCE.

159

elected Aldermen to fill vacancies caused by the resignation, of Aldermen King and Jeter; and on. the 28th of February, II. M. Jeter was elected an Alderman of the 1st Ward to fill a vacancy caused by the resignation of Ald'n McKendree. Alderman McKendree was re-elected in March to fill a vacan cy caused by the resignation of Alderman W. "W. Flewellen.
A large company was formed to go to the defence of Sa vannah, then threatened, on the 21st of February. The fol lowing officers were elected : F. G. Wilkins, Captain; Jas. M. Eve ret t, 1st Lieutenant; P. ,J. Phillips, 2d; D. B. Thompson, 3d ; James F. Bozeman, 4-th. The services of the company were tendered to Gen. Mercer, commanding at Savannah.
A company was formed in Columbus in March, to join Col. Evans' regiment for the Florida service. It organized on the 16th of that month by the election, of 1ST. W. Garrard, Capt.; J. F. BVirch, 1st Lieutenant; 3X B. Booher, 2d ; and Stew art Kelly,-.brevet 2d.
On account of the presence of tlie enemy's vessels in the bay, river connection with Apalachicola was suspended this year. Boats ran from Columbus to ChaUahooch.ee, about the mouth of the Flint river.
TIL July, at the request of Confederate officers in local com mand, Council instructed the Mayor to have all the citizens of Columbus capable of bearing arms to be enrolled for any emergency requiring local defence. In accordance with this call, there was a general enrollment in the city and county, and seven or eight companies met at the Court-house on the 18th of July, and formed a regiment, electing'IT. G. "Wilkms, Colonel; J. K. Ivey, Lieutenant Colonel; and Jerry Slade, Major. But this organization appears to have been super seded by a regular requisition made by President Davis upon Gov. Brown for the enrollment of 8,000 men for local defence in Georgia. In response to this last call, a regiment was formed at Columbus on the 22d of Augxist, of companies from Muscogee, Harris, Talbot, Taylor, Marion, Chattahoo-

160

DEATHS 'OF GEJST. SEMMES-AND COL. JOXES.

chee and Stewart counties. "W. L. Salisbury was elected Colonel Flynn Hargett, Lieutenant Colonel; Oapt. Curlcy, Major. The Columbus and !M/uscogee companies in. this reg iment were Co. A City Guards, Capt. J. M. Everett; Co. B City Guards, Lieutenant Brannon ; Ivey Guards, Capt. Park; Chattahoochee Defenders, Capt. Ttussoll.
An "Independent Home Guard" Company of seventy-five men, composed of men over forty- five years of age, was also organized--I)r. J. A. Urquhart, Captain; Dr. !R. A. Ware, F. G. Johnson and "Wra. B. Langdon, Lieutenants; E. M. Brooks, W. A. Douglass, B. S. Hardaway, John S. Alien and Charles Minis, Sergeants ; 3ST. L. Howard, W. L. Stapler, G, E. Johnson and J. I. Lovelace, Corporals ; H. Middlebrook, Treasurer ; R, P. Spencer, Secretary. Two cavalry companies for the same service, under command of Captains Strother and Cheney, were also formed.
The news of the death of Gen. Paxil J. Semmes, Col. John A. Jones, and many other officers and privates, killed in the disastrous battle of Gettysburg, caused much sorrow in Co lumbus. Council passed resolutions expressing the deepest regret for the death of General Semmes and sympathy for his family, and calling a meeting of citizens to make arrange ments for the suitable reception and burial of his remains. The meeting was held on the 16th of July, and suitable ar rangements made to pay the last sad honors to the deceased citizen a0d soldier.
Council in November appropriated $5,000 additional to regular appropriations to assist needy and indigent families of absent soldiers in the payment of their house rent.
A registration of voters of the city was this year made in accordance with law, aud the total number registered was 365. This number was evidently short of a full registration, though so many citizens -were absent, being in the Confeder ate service.
Quotations of prices in July : Salt, 30@35c. per ft>; Flour, 25@30c. per tb.; Pork, 50@60c. per ft..; Bacon, $1@$1.25 per

INCIDENTS AND PERSONAL.

161

Hx; Lard, 90c.@$1 ; Beef, 40@45o.; Sugar, $1.20@1.25 per lb.; Syrup, $7@$8 per gallon ; Bice, 12J@14c. per flt>.; But ter, $L@$5"1.25 per lb. Most of these articles were scarce and hard to get at these prices.
INCIDENTS.
A sensation wan created in the city, in -April, by news of the death, of Robert Emmet- Dixon, of Columbus, at Rich mond. ITe was clerk of, the Confederate House of Represen tatives, and was shot by R. E. ITorcle, of Kentucky, an assist ant clerk.
Among the new industries created by the war was a ISTail Factory established in Girard by Messrs. D. H. Fowler & Co., of New Orleans. It was run very actively, and turned out a great deal of work, of fair equality.
Mr. Kobert Davis, bridge-keeper, was found dead on the river bank, on the -ith of September. He had left his house in apparent health but a. short time before the finding of his body, which bore no marks of violence or external injury.
On the \13tli of October, about one o'clock p. in., there was a general j%il delivery. The prisoners rushed upon the jailor as he was''opening the door to leave the jail, overpowered him, and succeeded 111 making their escape. Six or seven white men, confined for counterfeiting and other offences, es caped .
A woman, named Smith, Jiving in the lower part of the city, was shot and killed on the 14th of October, by a soldier named Joe Overton, from Arkansas. He was arrested.
The M. E. Conference met in Columbus on the 25th of No vember--Bishop Early, presiding.
PERSONAL.
J. L. Morton was Chief Engineer, and S. E. Lawh.on, Ass't Engineer of the Fire Department.
The election in October resulted in the choice of Col. Jas. M. Chambers as Senator for the District, and Jas. M. Russell and R. R. Hawes as Representatives of Muscogee.
Rev. C. H. Jewett was Presiding Elder of the CoJumbus

162

MARRIAGES.

District; Rev. E. W. Speer, Pastor of St. Luke M. E. Church;
Rev. Joseph S. Key, of St. Paul; Rev. W. J. Wardlaw, Fac
tory Mission and Colored Charge; Rev. J. II. DeVotie, pas
tor of the Baptist Church ; Rev. S. II. Iliggins, of the Pres
byterian.
MARRIAGES.
January 1--Chandler M. Pope and Ha/eltine Brown ; 4, Wm. Freeney and Mary Coker ; 7, Joseph Barns and Georgia A. Gary ; 15, Thacker B. Howard and Antionette V. Williams, John McCroe and Margaret Burnside, Joel W. Moore and Louisa Petty; 20, Win. K. Hill and L. Nance ; 21, Holmes Smith and Mary Welch.
February 1--Donat Alphouze and Nancy McElmore, Eli Dnvidson and Mar tha Belcher; 8, Eobert L. Hagler and Catharine Cook; "., Robert L. Jones and Ophelia Hnlsey ; 8, White Yonngblood and Mary Clark; !), Francis flollier and Sarah Pigott; 10, Lloyd R. Hoopes and Mnry E. Barnard; 11, Jolm Gomer and Nancy Gram ; 13, Hugh L. McKlvy and Sal lie J. H. McElvy; 2fi, Seaborn J. Howard and Annie P. Schley, Louis Harris and Ella Harris.
March 2--John G. Bush and Ellanora Harris : 3, Eugene Ballainy and Car oline E. Lewis; C>, Daniel L. Wilson and Roxnnnah A. Calhoun ; 10, Win. M. Chipman and Mary Jane Nealy.
April ">--William A. Daris and Martha Bruce ; 9, Joseph B. Pappy and Lonisa 0. HVvnry ; IS, Robert L. Frjem -n and Mollie Jackjon ; 19, James N. Nix and Sarah J. Morgan; 21, Isaac Etheridga and Martha J. Johnson; 23, John B. Lindsey and Helen R. Slacle. Wm. Sims and Sarah Jones; 29, Gil bert McDonald and Susan Langford, Isaac C. Ginn and Sarah C. Cordery.
May 1--Henry C. Mann and Laney-V. Mixon; 21, Charles M. Smith and Mary M. Hays ; 22, James McCarty and Margaret Heagerty.
June 3--Wm. March and Francis R. Brooks ; 9, Charles Allard and Mary Alsabrooks ; 14, Arthur Montgomery and Mariah MeDaniel; 29, Mathew C. Wooten and Lucy M. TaliafeiTO.
July 2--Charles S. Shorter and Sarah A. Shepherd : ;>, Stephen Hamey and Catharine McDonald, Wm. L. M. Smith and Isabella W.Jker ; 7, Johnston Halliman and Zilley Moate ; 9, Walter T. Mitchell and Rosnnnah Kennedy ; 12, James M. Parnell and Nancy A. French ; ir>, A. C. Wiugfield and M. W. O'Bannan ; 16, Wm. R. Giquilliat and Janet. E. Slade ; 22, Jasper Wall and Emaline Taylor ; 23, James Searcy and Martha Hamilton, John S. Esler an 1 Elizabeth Thomas; 27, Lyman P. Cowdery and Jane H. Lewis, Win. F. Winslett and Elmina C. Pitts.
August f>--George M. Dews and Sophronia T. AVoodrufT; (i, Thos. L. Tinnon and Hennie Roper; 8, Simeon Wooton and Mariali Frost; 9, John G. McKenzie and Martha F. Rentfroe ; 12, Jonathan G. Norman and Angelino Duke; 20, Thos. Bird and Clarissa S. West, Fleming Culver and Elvira 1). Davis; 23, Lucius Cody and M. L. Akhurst, James M. Williams and Epsey Ann Reid; 27, John Collins and Susan M. Mahoue; 28, Thos. E. Reynolds and Elizabeth Taff.

MARRIAGES AND DEATHS.

163

September 1--Norbnrn T. N. Robinson and Susan R. Bethune; 8, James May berry and Susan Murphy; 9, John Wise and Lizzie Wakefleld, Elbert L. Wells and Liz/ie 0. Wise, William H. Baker and Virginia J. Goslin; 12, 'Wioinas Hamilton and Margaret Clark ; 14, John Fenuty and Sarah Lloyd; 17, Charles A. Terrell and Eliza Parr, Win. H. H. Blntiki nsbip and Josaphine Hallenbeek : 22, Francis A. O'Neal and Amelia F. Boyken; 23, James Laming and Nancy Alien.
October 8--John B. Austin and Margaret Flournoy ; 12, Josaphine Echols and Kowena M. Lockhart; 1 4, John W. Johnson and Caroline M. King, Caleb W. Hughes and Mary J. English ; 15, James Jinnett and Elizabeth Folsom ; 1!), Samuel E. Norton, jr., and Jane Burch ; 22, John R. Gregory and Mary B. Rodgers ; 28, James V. Waddell and Adelaide V. DeGraffenreid ; 29, James H. Farr and Sarah A. Vinson.
November 5--John Sclmell and Frances E. Sauls; 15, Zachariah Weisenbergher and Helen Kenny; 18, Lazarus Kohns and Hermem'a Straus; lit, S. Davis Tonge and Anna Hochstrasser; 21, Wm. E. Ingram and Sarah F. Bevil.; 22, James Herndon and Sarah Knight; 2(1, John C. J. Ellison and Frances M. Vickers; 28, John Fox and Elizabeth Gale.
December 1--Thomas G. Coleman and Adona Williford; 3, Moses Welch and Mary MeCarty, Joseph J. Maddox and Susannah Blackburn; 4, James N. McLestor and Anna Sims, Peter K. Edgar and Rebecca C. Aenohbacher ; fi, J. J. Tillery and Nancy F. Clegg ; 10, Joseph Simmons and Missouri Carey; 14, Emanuel Lopez and Ann Y. Pickett; 15, William G. Brooks and PJlizabeth Foster. Abiier Wilkinson and Rosaline Kent, Isaiah F. Young and Sarah Pick ett; 17, John W. Connell and Frances Baldwin; 20, Western Harvell and Ternpay Maloney; 2.'i, Wm. B. Free and Elizabeth M. Whitten ; 24, George W. Harris and Nancy C. Edwards; 80, Donaldson Huff and Adelia UuBose; 31, Warren R. Kent and Amanda S. Bradford, John E. Mott and Annie E. Chapman.
DEATHS.
(FROM THE SEXTON'S KEPOKTS.)
Jan. 1--Lt. Col. T. B. Scott; 2, child of Lou. Mayfleld; 4, child of John Keller; 5, Mre. Mary C. Perry; fi, Wm. T. Smith; !). child of James A. Gue; 10, child of Isabella Kemp; 12, child of F. O. Goodale, child of Wm. H. Chambers, B. F. Lassiter; 13, child of Isabella Kemp; 15, child of James Rurnsey, Elizabeth Anders, Louisa W. Thompson; Ifi, Archibald Burden ; IS, step-daughter of J. J. Kemp, S. F. Wiggins; 20, child of Enoch Dudley; 21, L. M. Gager, child of A. H. DcWitt; 22, Stephen Howard, child of MrsSmith ; 2(J, child of Mrs. E. J. King, Miss E. A. Young, child of A. Gammel; 27. Mrs. Jane J. Sturgis, child of G. AenchbacherJ child of Adam Smith; 28. Mrs. G. A. Sherwood, child of G. R. Lawrence ; 30, Miss J. W. Tilley.
Feb. 2--Mrs. Jane Williams, child of M. A. Blackwell, James Hudson; G, child of E. E. Adams, L. Decatur Johnson; 7, Mrs. Mary Echols; 8, child of J. H. Dyer, child of W. T. Barnes; 9, John Sullivan; 11, J. Dolun; 15, Miss Mary L. Slade, child of John Maxey; 17, Jett Howard; 20, Cook

104

DEATHS.

Lewis, James M. Chambers, jr.; 21, Margaret Shean; 21, Jordan Broadaw&y; 25, Samuel Clark, Mrs. N. A. Nuckolls.
March, 1--Mrs. KUaabeUi Milan; 2, child of J. Lambertson, Peter Holilmn; 4, child of J. O. Lovelace; r>, child of J. S. Colbert; S, child of D. H. Mor ris, John Barnos; 10, Charles Oleghorn, Major M. W. Perry ; 12, Isaac Kllis; 1H, two children of W. T. Smith; 19, child of Peter Knowle*; 20, child of H. B. Lockett, child of F. G. Humphreys; 24, child of Margaret E. Foley; 25, Thomas Manning, child of H. M. Jeter, John Bowen ; 28, child of Nan cy Milliner, child of W. H. Hughes; 2<t, child of W. J. Harper; SI, 11. A. Sikes, John W, Alien.
April ;S--Child of L. S. Smith; , child of M. J. McElrath ; 11, child of Mrs. Bradford; 12, child of Lewis Ooleman ; 13, John P. Sinclair; 16, Pat rick Dtiffy, Moses L. Hann (soldier,) Miss H. M. Onto; 21, Mrs. Julia A. Flournoy, child of Mrs. Charles J. Williams, J. K. Smith (soldier,) Arthur B. Da vis; 20, child of David Turner; 27, R. E. Dixon.
May 1--Child of Wra. Bell; 3, child of B. T. Chapman; 8, John II. Meal ing, James "Wallace; i>, Nolleo (soldier.) Miss Mary B. Hannay; ]O, Miss Laura A. Greenwood; 12, child of Martha Games; 13, child of Mrs. Cook, child of Moses Morriis; 14, child of Etna Ellis, child of William Audt-rson, John Nelson (soldier ; } 10, Mrs. Susan C. Young; 18, child of Rebecca Hall, child of Eptiy J. Hearn; 2O, Major A. M. Oordon, MTS, Mary P\iryear: 22, child of W. H. Chitman, Mrs. W. B. Har ris, Mrs. Mary J. Walker; 23, child of Thomas Snmmergill; 24, child of JoBian W entry, Jerry Feltou; 2r,, child of Mary E. Shoemaker; 2fi, Miss Sarah A. Copland, child of II. H. SLoemnke, 27, child of John Isham, Dennis Sullivau, child of Henry Eiley; i'i', child of J. H. Dyer, Mrs. Mary A. Patterson; 30, child of Wiiliam McElrath.
June 2--Cornelius Duffy ; 4, child of Eliza Horton, child of Senn; f>, Telitha Frazier; 7, Francis Shoemtike -, 10, child of Mary E. Shoemake ; 11. child of B. Dolin; 1G, child of B. l>olin; 17, G. M. Stansel, (soldier ;) lit, child of JohnKikely, child of William Walker, child of Caroline Hatcher; 20, child of J. S. Smith, child of J. B. Hill; 21, child of Susan Phillips, child of J. M. Young; 25, Mrs. Ann Hull, child of B. A. Berry; 2t>, child of Eliz. Meredith, J. Fressly (soldier,-) 28, child of David Sergeant; 29T W. F. Serrell. child of Michael Sullivan, child of Phillip Bifler, child of Mary Ellis, child of James McG-irr; 3O, George W. Jones.
July 2--Child of Captain Warner, Nancy Mott; 3, ohild of C. A. Kedd, child of J. A. Girdner, Mrs. Louisa Tinnon, child of John Dynon; 4, child of George W. Britton; 5, child of F. M. Boland; 7, Diana Russell; 10, child of Elisabeth Moss; 11, child of Mrs. -Alien, child of G. Howard, child of G. W. Langforcl; 12, child of Dr. T. J. Word, James McCarty; 13, child of Albert Kavenscroft; 1-t, child of Robert Baldwin, N. B. Drake; 17, child of Wm. Hobiiison.; 19, Emily Bugg ; 2O, child of Henrietta Mote ; 21. child of Simeon Mote, child of Jason .Lewis ; 24, child of J. H. Smith; 2ti, child of Frr.ricis Williams; 27, child of B. V. Marshall, Mrs. Mary Stewart,

DEATHS.

165

child of J. H. Giles, child of Winnie Shepherd; 2, child of Edward Martin,
child of John Mote; !, Mrs. Elizabeth Ligon, child of T. J. Wynn, child
of John Tilly.
August 1 -- Child of Epsy Hearn, Edward Brann-in; 3, Miss S. A. Harris,
child of Martin Clark; 4, child of R. H. Brig-:s, child of Simeon Mote; ti,
child of C. A. Carpenter, child of Mrs. Alien; 8, Joseph Daniel, child of
EobertKyle; 1O, child of D. S. Bullock; 11, child of W. T. Bankstoii; 12,
child of Sarah Morris, child of A. Kaufman, child of Mary Metz, child of
Hamilton Rsiford, Frank Boyldn ; 13, child of Delia Bell; 15, J. C. Osborn
(soldier;) 17, M. W. Heath; 18, child of T. K. Miller; 19, Mrs. M. A. Ogle-
tree, John Warren; 20, Miss Frances C. Bnsh., child of W. S. Lloyd ; John
Gibbons, child of Joseph Nix; 22, Mrs. Mary M. English; 23, child of Geo.
Meredith; 24, Delia Boll; 25, child of Frank Rothschild; 2t!, Mrs. E. B.
Chapman; 27, child of Laf ayette Watson; 28, child of Sidney Lloyd, child
of Mary Willis; 29, August Mitchi.l, child of Temple Brooks ; 30, Elizabeth
Walston ; 31, Esquire Brock.
Sept. 3--Mrs. Elizabeth Maddox; 4, Y. Johns (soldier;) R. R. Davis, child Of N. N. Curtis ; 5, child of Mary Copeland ; 7, Sarah Morris: 8, child of Thomas Bush; 0, child of Mary Ilobinson; 10, child of C. Kaufinan, child of Samuel Eads, Samuel Kelfcon; 13, Mrs. M. "E. Fleming; 1-1-, Miss Elvira Bowen; 15, Andrew Hagerty, child of J. Rhodes Browns; 16, Mrs. Jane Kendall, Mrs.-Jane McGinty; 17, child of Martha Sullivan, Captain G. E. Walker; 18,*\Villiain Gohirm ; 19, child of E. W. Nix, John N. Birch, child of Nicholas Howard; 2O, James Church; 22, F. W, Alien (soldier;) 2(i. Mrs. Mary J. Thweatt, child erf William G;:tsing t:r, child of Jordan L. Howell, Mrs. Sarah Stapler; 28, Francis Wilson, Miss A. A. Switzer; HO, child of Mrs. Hall, Robert J. Emerson (soldier.)
October 3--Child of David Elder; .",, child of Henry T. Hall, Mrs. Shehane ; 8, child of\ Felix McArdla; 9, child of J. S. May; 11, child of L J. Honsville, child of\ Mrs. R. Holmes; 12, John Kinsley. Captain Philip Gittenger;* 13, Mrs. Sarah B. Smith, child of J. A. Smith; 14, Patrick Deignan; 15, Amanda Smith, John Tilley; 16, Joseph B. Hughes,' O. P. Patterson (soldier;) 19, Georgia Kaufman; 21, child of Dr. Cramp; 23, John S. Arnold, ------Dunaway ; 24, Dr. A. L Robison; 25, John M. Bates (soldier,) W. C. Baker (soldier;) 26, Mrs. Mary Russell; 27, Charles Chapman; 23, W. W. Ridenhour, Frances Short; ol, Julia A. Coolcy.
November 1--Mrs. L. A. Recse; 2, child of L. Linsey, child of Henry Mobley; 4, child of EraeHne Hudson, Mary A. Wheeler; 7, W. H. Coate (soldier;) 10, child of John Adams; 11, Howard Jones; 12, Mrs. E. M'. Saunders : 15, Duncan Martin (soldier :) 17, child of Mary Robinson - 21 child of W. L. Clark, child of A. J. Welch; 23, Edward Bozoma.n ; 27,, W. H. Hughes, sr., T. Murphy (soldier;) i>f>, John Warden, child of Louis M. Collier.
December 3--Miss F. A. Dav-is, child of Nancy Hooper; 4, Miss Frances Branham, Benjamin Stevens; 5,-child of Thomas DeWolf, child of Dr. J. L. Ware; H, Mrs. Catherine Ford; 9, child of J. M. Baggett; 13, Hamilton Barschall ; 18, J. M. Youngblood (soldier;) 22, Thomas Dallard; 23, child of S. Roland, child of Mrs. Wheeler; 24, D. E. Jones (soldier;) 20, William KiUcrease; 28, H. C. Harges (soldier,) John Robinson (soldier.)

Killed in battle, or died of wounds received in I'Uttlf.

12

HIGH PRICES.

1864.

ji

Condition of Columbus the year precedin gthe close of the War---j

Gen. ROSSCMU'S Raid.

\

This appears to have been a ye.ar of few local incidents ofi an exciting character. But it was a year of unusual business^ activity in Columbus, and of much feverish excitement caused ] by the events of the war. A great many residents were| absent in the army, or in the prosecution of other publicj duties, but the city was filled by a transient population, most-J ly working in the factories, foundries, and other establish-1 ments doing work for the Confederate Government or to sup-| ply those fabrics usually imported but now 'cut off by the| state of war. The Factories were kept very busy, working! all day and all night, employing for that purpose two sets oH hands. Among the immense industrial establishments of the! city was the Confederate Naval Works, under military com-j mand, engaged chiefly in the manufacture of articles needed! for the prosecution of the war. This establishment built and| furnished two gun-boats for the government, but neither of,] them rendered any efficient service. One sunk and the other| was burned by the enemy. Sometimes work in the large es-'J tablishments of the city was prosecuted on Sunday, so greatj was the demand for the public service. The city was full <jf| hospitals for sick and wounded soldiers. The Court-house, j among other buildings, was this year devoted to that purpose, j
Prices of everything ran up to figures which before tbej war would have been considered impossible. This was caused! by both their scarcity and the great depreciation of the| Confederate currency. The pay for work of all kinds wasa also very high, but still the expenses of living were so great! as to impose extraordinarily hard fare on most of the popula- j
tion.

GEN. ROSSEAU'S RAID.

167

In accordance with an amendment of the acts of incorpora|tion, made on the 7th of December, 1863, the Clerk, Marshal, [Deputy Marshal and Sexton were elected by the people, and
following was the result of the election held on the 12th [of December preceding for municipal officers for 1864: F. G. [Wilkins, Mayor; M. M. Moore, Clerk; Thomas P. Callier, [Marshal; J. C. Lovelace, Deputy Marshal; W. II. Harris, [Sexton. Aldermen--1st Ward, H. M. Jeter, J. J. McKendree; |:2d, F. S. Chapman, j! M. Dillon; 3d, W. H. Griswold, John iKing ; 4th, W. B. Brown, J. A. Bradford ; 5th, John Quin,
. L. Salisbury; 6th, J. M. Bivins, John Durkin. The Al[dermen were elected by the voters of their respective wards, [and the other officers, named above, on a general ticket.
Council elected J. D. Johnson, Treasurer ; Peabody & Brannon, City Attorneys; Dr. John B. Baird, City Physician; W. H. Alston, Wharfinger ; William Stringfield, Hospital-keeper. The Enquirer was're-elected City Printer.
Council in April appropriated $5,000 for the relief of the .deserving poor of the city, the number of families needing and worthy of such aid being reported at one hundred and fifteen, and afterwards increased to one hundred and fifty.
Columbus was thrown into considerable excitement, in July, by the approach of a large raiding force under com mand of General Rosseau. This force, supposed to consist of 1500 or 2000 mounted and picked men, carne down through :Dorth-east Alabama, by way of Talladega, struck the Mont gomery, & West Point Eailroad between Notasulga and Au burn, and thence followed the railroad in the direction of Co lumbus as far as Opelika. The companies organized in :Corumbus for local defence, consisting of old men, workmen In the shops, foundries, factories, etc., were sent out to oppose their march, and took positions commanding the Crawford and Salem roads, about a mile and a half west of the city. This force of undisciplined and poorly armed troops, number ing perhaps six or eight hundred, were under command of Col. DeLagnel in the field, with the supervision of Major

168

IXCIDEXTS.

Daw son, oonirnanrl.int of the post. It, occupied the position named during the week ending the 23d of July, when, it hav"iug "been ascertained that the raiding party had left the rail road at Opelika, striking north-east, the local companies re turned to the city. The raiders struck across the country through Chambers county, Alabama, and made their way through to Gen. Sherman's lines above Atlanta.
B. K. Coleman was on the 20th of "August elected an Al derman of the 1st Ward, to fill a vacancy caused by the resignation of Alderman Jeter.
Council in August appropriated $5,000 to the Columbus Ambulance Corps, for the benefit of sick and wounded sol diers.
A number of exiles from Atlanta, after the capture of that city, reached Columbus, and. in September Council appropria ted $5,000 tor their relief.

INCIDENTS.
The Eagle Factory company exhibited another instance of its liberality and patriotism by opening a free school for poor children, early this year.
We find the following quotations of pi-ices in April: Flour $350 per barrel; Bacon $4 per pound ; Sugar $8 per pound ; Coffee $20 per pound; Meal $10 per bushel.
We find the following prices mentioned in October : Im ported French Brandy $100 per bottle ; Calico $15 per yard; Shoes $100 to $200 per pair.
The Annual Council of the Protestant Episcopal Church of the Diocese of Georgia met in Columbus on the 5th of May-- Bishop Elliott presiding.
The residence of Dr. H. M. Jeter, corner of Jackson and Bridge streets, was struck by lightning on the 3d of Septem-.' ber, set on fire, and entirely consumed ; and on the 6th of September, the stable and outbuilding on the premises of Col. John A. Jones, deceased, -were in like manner burned by lightning.

MAKRIAG-ES.

160

The new steamer Shamrock, built entirely at Columbus, left the city ou her first trip to Chattahoochee on the 8th of November.
The residence of Dr. C. T. Gush man, corner of Randolph and Mclntosh streets, was entirely consumed by fire on the morning of the 23d of November.
Washington Donally, an employee of the Eagle Mills, was caught by the belting and killed, on the 29th of November.
Frank (or Henderson) Henley was shot and killed by William Dillon, near the corner of Jackson and Few streets, on the morning of the 18th of November, before day.
A gunboat called the Muscogee, built at Columbus for the Confederate Government, was launched on the 22d of Decem ber. Mr. Chas. Blain superintended building of the hull. This boat was burnt by the Federal troops under Wilson, while he held possession of Columbus.

;'i

PERSONAL.

The M. E, ministers in Columbus for this year were the

following: Jarnps K. Evans, P. E.; ~W. P. Harrison, St.

Luke; Jos. S. Key, St. Paul; W. J. Wardlaw, Factory Mis

sion ; J". T. .Ains Vrth, colored charge ; W, "W. Robisou,

Girard.

The county officers, elected in January, were--John Ligon,

Sheriff; F. M. Brooks, Clerk of the Superior Court; John

Johnson, Ordinary; James M. Hughes, Tax Receiver ; Jor

dan L. Howell, Tax Collector; D. B. Barnes, Coroner; Thos-

ChafS.nf Treasurer; J. E. Lamar, Surveyor; G. W. Rosette,

Clerk of Inferior Court.

Win. H. Harris, City Sexton, died on the 13th of May,

and E. S. Dennis was appointed to the position temporarily;

and at a special election held on the 4th of June, R. T. Si

mons "was chosen to fill out the term.

MABRIA&ES. January 1 --Isaac Brigman and Samantha SIzemore, John McFarland and Mary J. "Williams ; 6, John S. Bridges and Jeffersouia A. Abbott, Daniel O'Brien and Annie Kenny : 7, John W. Pearce and Emma L. Fairwethor ;

170

MARRIAGES.

13, George K, Smith and Lnrany Byse ; 17, Robert H. Noyes and Sarah R. Lamar; 19, Malcorn McNeal and Jacinths S. Cooper; 27, Andrew J. Snipes and Sarah J. Simmons, \Vm. J. Weeks and Ophelia A. Osborn ; 28, Barney Boggs and Susan Harrell; 30, Henry M. Newaom and Permolia Page, Martin V. Cook and Mary S. Bray; 31, Wm. A. Cobb and Martha V. Hazzleton.
February 7--Henry N. C. Pike and Anna L. C. Gentry; 8, John Taylor and Tempy Ann Philips; 9, Young M. Irwin and Martha A. Campbell ; 23, Thomas H. Dennis and Evalina E. Wilson; 25, Cautius G. Lyons and Lucy A. Copeland; 28, Madison Upton and Mary B. Littie ton.
March 3--Morgan J. L. Fuller and Elizabeth Lowe, Henry T. Williams and Susan Black-stock; 6, John T. Reams and Mary A. Cook; 13, Wm. T. Hinds and Julia Tm-ner' \Vm. Clierry and Elizabeth Isham, Henry Lancaster and Mary A. Haddock.- SO, James B. Moore and Dora P. Young, John L. Philips and Luciiida Baldwin - 24:, John S. Carglll and J^lia Kivlin; 25, William How;ird and Mary Folsom ; 2fj, John H. Parncll and Frances Street-man; 29, John C. Da-vis and Frances ElliKoii; iSO, Micsvjah F. Cooper and Lucinda JE. Harris; 31, Garrefct B, L. Kirk and Josaphine Farmer, John H. Powers and Angeline Farrnsr.
April S--Jolin Wigging and Elizabeth Higgins ; 28, John Beasley and Alice L. Laney; 23, John Kobinson and Elizabeth Gordon ; 28, George H. NeJll and Alabama E. Lindsey.
May 1--Simon G. Gleun and Martha A. Osborn; 4, Pendleton B. Bedell and Christina M. Norman; 1.0, V. W. Wynne and Emma L. Mofftitt, James B. Collins and Nettie V. Howard; 13, Robert E. Philips and Mary A. Hegler; 10, James F. Hooten and ilary A. Murphy ; 24, Eli Stringer and Catb.armS Stratford: 2(5, Robert S. Shordon and Mary E. Henderson; 211, Bentley Mar tin and and Matilda Graves, James Kelly and Ann Harrison ; 30, Thomas L. Thomas and Mary E. Ethoridge.
June 7--John B. Beard and Martha J. Spinks ; 32, John W. Lord and Nancy A, Smith; 13, Hera-y H. Washbum and Fannie McFarland; 14, John M. Kirkland and Amanda Spinks ; 1G, Julius J. Clapp and Mary E. Dawson ; 21, George >V. Mays and Sarah Meeks ; 2<i, William Byrd aiid Lucinda Culbert ; 30, Stephen M. Dixon and Fannie E. McDougald.
July 4--John T. Taylor and Lucinda Kilcreasd ; (i, William T. Crouch and Frances E. Goins; 10, James T. Smith and Henrietta Smith, Benjamin M Tolbert and Bvaline Hnowcluii; 20, James C. Cole and Elizabeth A. Beck; 21, Jasper N. Hart and Fannie Uovdy ; 22, James H. Pulley and Mary Har vey; 24, James L. Quin and Mat tic Smith; 20, Lemuel G. B. Wiggins and Mary A. Biggers.
August 2--Thomas J. Jackson and Virginia Miller; 5, John Russell and Sarah A. MoLernore ; 10, Wm. M. Hogaii and Rebecca James; Itf, Wm. L. ' Kingsbury and Frances K. GiLmer; 17, J. W. Williams and Fannie McFar land, Thomas J. Morgan and Martha Davidscm; 21, Hillery Wall and Jane Busks-, 23, George Darby andMollie Sallou.
September 1--Wm. Green and Mary A. 15. Higgins, B, N. Patrick and

DEATHS.

171

Prances Frederick; 3, Benjamin 2f. Tsykw &ncl Ellen Lewis,- Samuel Scofield

and Sarah G-arris; 13, Andrew 3. Cooper and Fannie Cooper; 15, Wm. A.

Muneus and. Jane Bridwell; 2Q, Alexander Thompson and Mary Colling.

October 4--John Grant and Margia Pbelps; 6, Thos. A. Flannigan and

Fannie Gibson; 11, Henry E, Smith and Mozelle Steeley; 12, Albert F.

Dasher and MoUie H. Brooks, Robert Hill and Cynthia A. Henderson; 13,

George Guess and Letitia Fonhana ; 19, John C. Wolf and Mary C. Caldwell;

20, "Win. M. McAHster and Eleanor M. Lamb ; 25, Henry C. Ivey and Mary

A. Williams.

November 2--Alvey N. EIHott and Lucinda Blaekstock; 3, Louis Harris

and Mary Ann Sommers, James W. Sappington and Rebecca E. Stanley;

fj, Eskin S. Franklin and Elvania E. Williams, Wm. H. H. Compton and Sa

rah M. Cooper; 8, Jacob H. Faulkenberry and Missouri Baker; 1O, Joseph

B. Sewell and Levicy A. McLemore, John K. Filchett and Catharine An

them, Sutton S. Scott and Lain M. Hurt ; 13, James H. H. Mann and Mar

tha Pattillo ; 1C, Wm. T. Tharpe and Mary Ashley; 20. Morgan J. Moore

and Sarah A. Clarida ; 24, Thompson K,odgers and Cynthia "Vvoimik ; 30, John

Daster and Ann Braxton.

December 1--Alexander Shelton and Jannette Prince-, 4, Andrew J. Me-

Cum and Sarah A. Davis; 6, Thou. J. Cox and Emma L. Nuckolls, Gabriel

Bass and Mar-y Ann Thomason, Wm. H. Bradford and Matilda A. Wilson ;

8, James E/^orrey and Nancy Linge; 14, Marccllus C. Tarver and Sallie C.

Grant; 15, Oliver H. P. Poe and Edna L. McGruder, David G. Little and

Sarah Hardin'V/, 22, Thomas Gilbert and Fannie E. Johnson, Benjamin L.

Wyman and Victoria Hoxey, L. P. Aenchbacher and Mat tie S. Morris; 25

Robert B. Stega\L and Matilda C. Murphy; 27, Job N. Harrison and Louisa

Howard.

\

DEATHS.

January 1--Mrs. G. Boyd, Walter M. Ounby: 2, T. W. Keitl ;* 3, Jos. A.

Sanders; 4, Lewis W. Griswold, Anderson Walker; 5, Eddie Gunbe; f>, MLss

Minnie Lowtlier ; 8, Mrs, Laura Spencer, Mrs. Sarah E. Phelps, child of

James Wells; 11, child of Lafayette Walker, child of Mrs. Yancy ; 16, child

of Mrs. Gasoway ; IB, child of Lvicinda Phelton, Ben. Broek; lil, W. Jones,*

-- Howard; 2O, child of A. B. Brown, jr.; 21, child of G. W, Chase, E. L.

Lawson ;* 24, Matt Watson-; 25, child of Mrs, C. OaldweU; 26, M. L. Ban

ning; 27, child of James Eowe, Miss Fannie BrooJts, Mrs. M. M. Crouch;

29, G. W. Behay ;* SO, Mrs. Ann Lewis; 31, C. W. Stewart.

February 2--J. E. Ferrell,* G. W, Adkins ;* 4, Miss Mary E. Lanier ; 6,

child of B. M. Gray; 7, child of N. N. Curtis, Mrs. A. A. Fortunbury, Capt.

W. E. Jones; 9, child of Leonard Bates ; 14, John Sanders, cnild of \V. M.

Alien;* 15, child of Nancy Roland; 16, Myra V. Gray ; 20, Mrs. Mary Silvers,

J. M. Moon; 21, Mrs. Catharina Bulger, Wm. Catlet ;* 22, Emma Buffington,

Lewis Milan; 24, A. J. Lions; 25, W. G- Miles;* 26, Mrs. Mary Williams;

27 child of John Mfldden; 29, Mrs. Mary Tilmon, Mrs. Augusta Calahan, ofcildofj?1. p. Goodale.____

172.

DEATHS.

March 1--Child of George Stain. Z. E. Linnahan; 5, Alien O. Jefferson, Isaac Heard, child of H. G. Ivoy, Noah Gordy; 9, MiR Amanda Baugh, Mrs. Jane M. Ogletree ; 1O, Andrew Johnson ; 13, child of Mrs. S. C. Stewarfc; 12, Mrs. Elizabeth Harris; 13, Mrs, Mary B. Lawrence-; 18, Miss Mary L. Alien ; 19, child of John B. Biggers; 20, Col. Seaborn Jones, child of J. M. Crouch; 21, Miss Mary A. Williams; 23, child of A. J. Putuam; 24, child of J. A. Gunler; 27, cliild of H- T. Kiioad ; 29, Hugh A. Cooper; Dr. John M. James.
April 2-- Mrs. Freeman; .3, E. Hnskey; 12, J. L. Daniel;* 13, Fred G. Adams; 17, Miss Caroline Tapper; 18, child of E. M. Aldworth, child of T. J. Bradey ; 19, William White;* 21, Mrs. C. M. Merry, J. H. Merry; 22, child of Drewry Gains; 2-!-, child of D. H, Fowls* ; 25, Mrs. L. V. Salisbnry; 27, child of John H. Bass, child of Mary Bogers; 31, child of Porter Ingram.
May 1--Child of H. M. Jeter; 3, Mary E. Hall ; 5, Thomas H. Lassiter ; 6, Mrs. Julia Hudson; 7, H. E. "Wright; 7.0, James Wooten ; 11. MiRS Mary E. MeOarley, cliild of G-. Sauls, child of MCT. Harris; 1C, William W. Law- " rence, Mrs;. Lucy E. Cairnes ; 17, Mrs. L. Harris; 18, Mrs. Ann Thomas; 2O, Mrs. (1 A. Sappington ; 21. J. T. Stfmdmire:* 22, M. A. C. Burns;* 23, child of Dv. H. M. Jetty. J. C. B\ns;* 2-1-, eliild of E. W. Blan, Captain Walker Andersen; 27, Mrs. M. Mooghan, Mrs. Mary Colzey; 31, child of W. Raulsan, H. A. ..James.*
June 1--William K. Cooper; 2, child of P. M. Stathan, J. W. Edge;* 3, child of Thomas Hunt ; 4, child of Martha Costan, B- Freeman ;* 5, SamIIG! Fuller ; S, Margaret Gray ; 12, child of Joseph Bl.mt, cliild of Mrs. E. Smith, child of Alfred Prescott: 13, S. H. Black'mon ; 15, William Young; 10, child of T. O-. Holt; 33, child of J. Cfich, John Crogan, child of Mr. Baggett, cliild of F. C. Johnson; If), Robert Chambers, child of James Crouch; 22, Nnrcissa Goslin : 24-, Margaret Reedy; 27, child of W. H. Hall, M. L. Matthews, chjld of N. High.tower ; 28, Capt. F. C. Tillman ;* 29, child of Z. Piko, child of Emeline Collins; 8, Joel Keeves,* Isaac Youngblood,* B. Powell;* 9, P. B. Gaston.,* S. F, Ingle,* Mergeant Wiley Carmiter,* B. H. Alderman,,* CharleEJ Spidle,* Martin Wittinger,* W. A. Mullin,* Wiiliam Hartsden ;* 2fi, L. P. Gcforth.*
July 1--Child of J. H. Warner; 8, child of Docia Alien; 4, child of J. Blakeiy, child of Mollie Bass ; 7, W. J. Williams, child of Mariab McClary; 9, J. G. Ferryman ; 10, child of Wm, McElrath, child of Mary Seaborns, child of Susan Manuol; IS, Mrs. Strothar ; 13, child of Hebeoco Vickory, child of Francis Ingram ; 15, child of JBlizabeth Dunaway, Richard O. Hearn; 16, child of T. G. Holt, child of Jeff Mormon; 17, child of Martha Torbet ; 20, O. C. Young, Joseph Echols, Mary Powell ; 23, child of -- Freeldes; 24, child of J. A. Walls; 25, child of Sidney Butler, Elizabeth King; 26, child of Louisa Butler ; 27, James Britton, John Cullin, B. A. Sorsby, Jobn Inglisli; 31, child of Mr. Babat; 81, child of Mary Prench, Martha Giboou.
August 2--Child of Caroline Stowers ,- 3, Capt. W. D. Banks, child of Thomas Tinnon ; 5, child of W. IX Atkins ; 7, Mrs. Mosman ; 8, child of

MUNICIPAL ELECTION.

173

Imnnar Linarey, Paul Hanly, Camden Evans ; 9, child of Wain .Dukes, Tem-

perence Reedy ; 10, child of Mr. Comer ; 12, Jacob Mormon, Watkins Banks;

.15, Mrs. M. O. Murrell, child of W. O. Kennedy, Miss Mary E. Moore, child

of B. N. Powell, Mrs. Bridget McHall, Martha Martin; 19, child of J. K.

Hainny ; 20, W. T, Spencer, W. J. Kellet; 21, child of Saj-ah Bauderman,

John E, Davis, Thad. Ruse, Win. Knight ; 22, J. M. Wright, child of J. M.

Nobles; 23, child of E. N. Bradshaw, Miss N. Reames ; 23, Miss Caroline

Fuller, S. K. Hodges -, 2G, T). H, Fowler; 28, child of J. Landhan, Frtmk

Jones ; 29, Miss Susan A. Hawks ; 31, child of George Gammel, J. N. Cobb,

child of A. P. Rood, Mrs. Margaret Bozeman.

*

September 1--Child of J. C. Gateman ; 2, Crawford Smith, child of Cath

arine Fusell; Rev. G. W. Stickney, John N. Sanders ; 4, Lt. M. Blanchard ;

5, child of Thomas DeWolf, Joseph W. Woolfolk ; 7, Mrs. Mary Burns,

child of R. W. Evans, Mary Mays ; 8, L. Y. Mausford, Mrs. Elizabeth

Sledge, Mrs. E. C. Ticknor ; 9, "W. T. Abbott, Joseph Oswall ; 10, Mrs. Mar

tha C. Goins, J. R,. Bedell, James H. Wilson ; 12, child of Martin "West,

Elizabeth Dunn, B. S. "Williams, child of J, R. Banks; 13, two children of

Mrs. J. Noles, .child of L. Lindsey ; 14, W. J. Laster, Paul Hanly, child of

D. F. Wadsworth; 15, child of Jennie Lewis, T. M. Williams, James Comer,

Heniy Burrell, Berry Wilson, Elijah Cook, child of Thomas Names;

It*, Mrs. Pittnian, Mary Harper, child of Col. Roods, child of Thomas Mc-

Farlaud; 19, crtjld of A. Cadman, Francis Binnion; 20, child of William

Rynehart, Mrs^ueinda Sheltoii; 21, Mrs. Goodaon ; a5, Miss Eliza Whit-

ten ; 26, child 6S, Robert Kigler; '27, Charles H. Stewart, child of Jasper

Taal; 28, VinsonYOgletree , 2.9, E. F. PowelL

SOLDIERS.--Joh^ C. CarroIL F. M. Price, R. J. Medower, A. L. Murry,

R, McCuUoch, M. ilumply, R,. Fulling, H. Lockhart, A. Stansel, W. Butler,

R. H. Lee, N. Sawyer, L. M. Stephens, John Ferrell, F. M. Nix, B. Reid, A.

P. Glaston, J. McKinny, J. C. Croker, R. J. Roberts, A. Weaver, J. D. Led-

better, T. Ware, A. C. Hudson, C. A. Dean, E. Turner, E. Niokols, C. S.

Elmore, C. Glasscock, E. Jenkins, J. J. Scoot, H. Chowing, M. C. Rembert,

B. Elmore, John gobies, J. R. McCullin, Fowler PhiUip, H. Gates.

1865.
Last Year of the War-- Confederate Prices--- Wilson's Raid.
I The municipal officers of 1864: were re-elected, with the i exception of a few changes of Aldermen. The candidates
for Mayor were F. G. Wilkins and B. F. Coleman, arid the former was re-elected. Thos. P. Callier was re-elected Mar-

174

CONFEDERATE PRICES.

shal; J. C. Lovelace, Deputy Marshal; M. M. Moore, Clerk ; and E. T, Simons, Sexton.. Aldermen--1st Ward, J. J. McKendree, "W. "W. Robison ; 2d, F. S. Chapman, F. C, Johnson ; 3d, John King, "W. H. Griswold; 4th, J. C. Porter, J. Mcllhenny; 5th, John Quin, J. M, Everett; 6th, J. M. Bivins, John Durkin.
Council elected J. D. Johnson," Treasurer; Jos. E, Koper, City Physician ; Peabody & Braimon, City Attorneys 7 "W; H. Alston, Wharfinger; Mrs. McGehee, Hospital Keeper ; ------ McKenzie, Bridge Keeper.
Notwithstanding the now feverish excitement in reference to the war, the steady advance of the enemy, the "waning prospects of the Confederacy, the constant withdrawal of the working men of the city to meet passing or apprehended raids, and the scarcity and high prices of all the comforts of life, Columbus still presented a busy appearance and had a large transient population. The factories and workshops were kept running busily, and all their fabrics not made for or taken by the Government, found a ready sale. Employ ment was given by these establishments and by the Quarter,master's Department and other agencies, to large numbers of people who otherwise would have suffered much. Never did a people, on the verge of such spoliation and humiliation as soon followed, more nobly display the virtues of patience
and heroism. A line of fine steamers was in January and a February ply
ing regularly between Columbus and Chattahoochee, makingaim ost daily trips. They were the Jackson, Capt. Pan Fry; the Indian, Capt. C. D. Fry ; the Shamrock, Capt. "W". Wingate ; the Mist, Capt. A. Fry; and the Munnerlyn.
We quote some auction prices (Confederate currency) in January: Cow and calf, $360; fine brood mare, $4,500; negro boy 21 years of age, $3,950 -, negro girl of 18, $3,700 ; Augusta shirting $6 per yard; salt 85 to &8c. per lb.; pink satin $70 per yard cooking stove $1,500; cow $500; cloth shoes $30 ; blankets $70; dinner plates $82.50 per set; sugar $6 to $7.75 per ft>.; silver coin $1 for 45.

INCIDENTS.

175

Frank, a promising son o Mr. Brad. Chapman, -was killed
by the accidental discharge of "his gun, while he was hunting
on the Alabama side of the river, on the 14th of January.
Capt. C. D. Fry fell from the hurricane roof of the steamer Indian, at Johnson's Landing, on the 25th of January, and received injuries which resulted in his death.
John Smith, living- on the Alabama side near the upper bridge, was shot and killed by his step-son, William W right, on the llth of February. The difficiilty originated in a disput growing1 out of family matters. "Wright fled.
An incident that caused great sensation and excitement in the city was the killing, on the 18th of February, of private John Ldndsey, of the 17th Georgia regiment. He was shot by Bob Bennett, one of the Provost Guard of Columbus. Young Lindsey was accused of creating a disturbance of some kind'j' and the guard was endeavoring to arrest him. He had mounted his horse to go home, when Bennett fired and shot a ball through his head, killing" him instantly. A large crowd>v, soon gathered, and demanded the delivery of Bennett, who\had sought the protection of the military au thorities. CoX Von .Zinken, commandant of the post, prom ised to deliver Bennett to the civil authorities, but it was af terwards anuoanced that he had. escaped. John Lindsey was a young man much beloved for his generous and manly char acter, and -was a brave soldier. Bennett belonged to an Ar kansas regiment, and had been assigned to light duty on ac count of severe wounds. Col. Von Zinken was arrested, a few days afterwards, by the civil authorities, on the charge of the murder of young1 Xandsey. A court-martial was also ordered by Gen. Beauregard to investigate the charge. The civil trial was before Judges McKendree, Quin, Thompson and Salisbury, of the Inferior Court. Messrs. Peabody, Dis trict Solicitor, Johnson and Holt conducted the prosecution, Gen. Howell Cobb and Major K, J, Moses the defense. The charge against Col. Yon Zinken was that he was accessory

176

PERSONAL. '

to the murder. The court, after a patient investigation of several days, in which a number of witnesses were examined on both sides, and able arguments made by the counsel, acquitted him of the charge.
Two boys, named John Madden and William McElrath, were killed at the Naval Iron Works on the 21st of Febru ary, by the explosion of an old shell which they had found in the yard and were trying to open.
Mr. Robert Aldworth was accidentally killed on his place near Columbus, on the 22d of February. He struck a negro, with whom he had some difference, with the butt of his gun, and the shock discharged it, the load passing into his body and killing him in a few minutes.
Cotton sold in February at 75 to 80 cents, Confederate money. The following quotations of other articles are copied from the Sun of Feb. 26th : Bacon $4 to $5 per lb., Pork $2 75 to $3 50, Lard $3 75 to $4 50, Butter $5 to $6, Eggs $3 50 to $4 50 per dozen, Beef $2 to $2 50 per lb., Com $14 to $16 per bushel, Sweet Potatoes $12 to $ 16 per bushel, Salt $1 10 to- $1 25 per lb., Chickens $4 to $5 each, Osnaburg $6 per yard, Sorghum Syrup $12 to $16 per gallon, Cane do. $16 to $20, Sugar $7 to $10 per lb., Sole Leather $14 to $15 per lb.; Irish potatoes $50 to $60 per bushel.
On the 8th of March, the stable and carriage house of Mr. William. Beach, on Randolph street, and the residence of Mr. Peter Preer, adjoining-, were destroyed by fire.
About the first of April a difficulty occurred on the streets between Dr. A. C. Wingfield, a physician of established repu tation and much respected citizen, and Dr. ------ Rossey, in which pistol shots were exchanged, and Dr. Wingfield was killed. Dr. Rossey was acquitted on the ground of justifiable homicide. He was only a transient.resident of Columbus.

The M. E. preachers for this year were--A. Wright, P. E.; W. P. Harrison, St. Luke's Jos. S. Key, 'St. Paul's ; J. R. Lit-

MARRIAGES.

177

tlejohn, Girard ; J. T. Ainsworth, Factory Mission ; W. W. Robison, Colored charge.
At the County election held on the 4th of January, the fol lowing Judges of the Inferior Court were chosen : J. R. Tvey, J. J. McKendree, John Quin, D. B. Thompson.
W. A. Brannon and F. M. Brooks were Justices of Upper District, and J. A. Whiteside and E,. W. Milfoed of the Lower. George Meredith and J. Shoup, Constables.

MARRIAGES.
January 1--George W. Alien and Bethany Higden ; 2, Christopher C. Collins and Jessie A. Bridges; ;!, Ephraim M. Tilton and Winney Long; 8, Jaines D. Malam and Martha E, Johnson; 10, Newton A. Horn and Sarah Bell; Henry Sillman and Nancy Halley ,- 12, William T. Hill and Folly Peek ; 15, John W. Jones and Sarah Jane Bertram ; 17, William Smith and Sarah I. Caffs ; 18, William J. Slatter and America S. Greenwood; 19, James Baet and Louisa Jane Blake ; Julius Emerich and Hannah Finiler ; 29, David Ballard and Eliza. Ginn.
February 1^--Thomas K. Wynn and Mary Lucinda Shelby ; 6, James Corden and Sar^J. Alien; 12, Charles F. Duncan and Mary E. Campbell; 15, John W. Wright and Mary L. Hardaway ; Marcus Pish and Rosa Taylor ; lf>, James H. Ames'Wd Lucy A. Smith ; James K. Hughes and Julia A. Coleman ; ^0, Redd G. Wiljiams and Perrnelia Ann Biggers ; 23, WiUiam A. Foster and Martha L. Skinn\?r; George W. King and Nancy Horton ; Thomas A. Power and Elizabeth McSwain ; David C. Stratten and Emily Crawford.
March 2--David W. Stubbs and Nelly C. Miller ; fi, William B. Holmes and Laura J. Maxwell ; Andrew J. McDonald and Ann Manning ; 6, Samuel E. Wells and Mary Ann Florence ; 9, Richard M. Goodroe and Kebecca J. Smith; 12, Francis Hewson and Caroline C. Mahan; 18, James W. McDonald and Puss Mobley; 19, John Finney and Mary Benton ; James B. Hathcock and Sarah J. Cattle; 23. Thomas K. Guice and Vernie MeJunkin; William C. McCarty and Fannie P. Butt; William D. Amyet and Jarueha Simmons; John S. Stephens and Rebecca Pilkinton ; 2(>, Thomas C. Preddy and Sarah J. Kelly; Peter R. Hyatt and Sarah Lascar; Solomon Clark and Minerva Patillo; 28, Francis W. Jenkins and Mary Ann Ward ; Charles W. Lefler and Mary A. Ward; 3O, Fleming Hodges and Martha A. Bozeman ; 31, A. W. Humphries and Elizabeth L. V. 'Taylor.
April 2--Josiah Coekins and Lucinda Gardner ; .5, John S. Smith and Sallie C. Hanks ; 9, LeRoy Kilgore and Martha Goodale ; Frank Lindsey and Laura Leake ; 13, A. H. Chandler and Mary E. Pullum ; 18, John W. Goodloe and Eliza A. Lewis ; 29, James A. Clegg and Frances Blackstock ; Charles F. Beese and Mattie A. Wade ; 3O, William J. Wolf and Sarah Ann Jones.

178

THE WILSON RAID.

In April, news of the approach through Alabama of a large Federal raiding party under command of General \Vilson, caused a sensation in Columbus, which was quickened into a state of alarm and excitement when the enemy reached and captured Montgomery. Many refugees from that city and other parts of Alabama fled to Columbus. The local military authorities organized all the available forces for defense. The preparation was hasty, troops mostly wholly inexpe rienced, and the arms generally very inferior. The military authorities determined with these to attempt a defence of the city. The enemy arrived in sight of Columbus, on the Ala bama side of the river, on Sunday, the 16th of April. We copy from the .Enquirer, of June 27th, (which was the first number of a paper issued in the city after the raid,) an. account of the attack and capture of the city:
On Sunday, the IGfch of Apiil, the last battle of the war, on this side of the Mississippi river, was fought in G-irard, Alabama, opposite this city.
The Confederate troops consisted of two regiments of the Georgia State I-.ine, WaddeU's battery, some of the forces of Gens. Bnford and Wofford, a small number of the Georgia reserves, the organized companies for local de fense in this city, besides a number of citizens of Columbus and a few hastily oolleeted reserves of Riissell county, Alabama--numbering in all, perhaps, two thousand men. The outer fortifications, that had been, constructed for the defense of the city, were abandoned for the want of men to defend so long a line, and the troops were drawn into a line of rifle pits, extending from Dr. Ingersoll's hill to the "upper bridge," over the Ohafctahoochee ; this line em bracing the Opelika railroad and the upper bridges, and two fortifications near the ends of the tranches, in which batteries were placed. A considers-

-was thrown ~np on the morning of the day of battle. The lower, or "city bridge," was not encircled within the line, but the- plank on. the Girard end had been torn up on Saturday evening, and on Sunday morning every prep aration was made to fire and destroy this bridge in the event of an attempt by the enemy to force its passage.
The first appearance of the Federal forces was about two o'clock, p. M., when their advance drove in the Confederate pickets on the Hurt's bridge or lower Crawford road. It appears that at Crawford the advancing forces had divided and took the two roads from Crawford to this city, and that the col umn on the upper and shorter road awaited the arrival of the other to make the first demonstration. The Confederate pickets, or scouting party, retreated into tlie town, closely followed by the Federals, wlio were within good rifle range

THE WILSON RAID.

179

and firing briskly at the retreating party. This advance was met by & fire from a small Confederate force near the creek bridge in Girard, and from the battery on the red hill near the tipper bridge, and was soon compelled to re tire. A portion of this party, however, made a dash at the lower bridge, firing through it when they found their passage stopped by the tearing up of the flooring. The order was then given to fire the bridge, which was quickly carried out, and it was soon wrapped in names. In the execution of this order, Capt. C. C. MeGehee, of one of the Naval Iron 'Works companies, acted with conspicuous gallantry. In this first brush two or three men on each side were killed and several wounded.
From two o'clock until dark no attack was made by the Federal troops, though it was evident that they were arriving in considerable numbers and were preparing for the conflict. They showed themselves in small squads on most of the hills commanding a view of the city and of the Confederate line of de fense, and the men and their horses took shelter behind these hills and in the small timber along the western suburbs of Girard. The Confederate batter ies, meantime, were engaged in shelling the eminences on -which these demonstrations were made, and the general conviction in the city was that the Federals were making preparations for shelling Columbus at night. All the Federal forces, we believe, were mounted men, and the sequel proved that they had but two or three, if so many, pieces of artillery with them on Sunday afternoon.
Thus matter^continued until night had fairly set in. It was a clear but dark night. Abi^ut eight o'clock the Federals, dismounting their men, made a vigorous charge-upon a portion of the Confederate line. It was met steadi ly by the Confederate forces, and the musketry firing was for some time sharp and rapid. The batteries also opened upon the assailants, and to those unused to the din of battle it appeared as if the destruction of life must nec essarily be great. The attack was repulsed. Again and again the Federal forces, deepening their columns, advanced under cover of the night, to the assault, and again they met by a continued roll of musketry, at close quarters, and by the bellowing cannon in the fortifications. But the Confederate line of defenses was a long one to be manned by so small a force, and a single line of raw troops, even in trenches, could not be expected long to hold out against the constantly compacting and reinforced columns of their assailants. Before the line had been broken, however, it was discovered that a squad of the Federal troops had by some means made their way to the Girard end of the upper bridge and were actually holding the bridge at that end, in rear of the line of defense ! How they gained this position is not yet fully known. It is generally supposed that it was by making their way, either in disguise, or \inder the shelter of some ravines and the darkness of the night, through the line in the neighborhood of the railroad bridge, and coming down on the bank of the river. This successful manasuver proved very embarrassing to the further defense of the city. Orders from headquarters in Columbus were intercepted on their way to the battle-field in Girard, and no communications

180

THE WILSON BAID.

could be kept up, nor any general understanding of the progress of the fight obtained. In a short time there was a promiscuous rush for the bridge. Friend and foe, horsemen and. footmen., artillery wagons and ambulances, were crowded and jammed together in the narrow avenue, which was "dark as Egypt," or "Erebus," for that bridge had no gas fixtures and was never lighted. How it was that many were not crushed to death in this tumul tuous transit of fclie Chattahoochee, seems incomprehensible. The Confed erates hod no reserved forces, except a few squads for guard duty, in the city, and very little resistance was made after the Federals had crossed the bridge. But nearly all the known casualties on the Confederate side nevertheless oc curred on this side of the river. The chivalric and lamented Col. C. A. ~Lt. Lainar fell while gallantly endeavoring to roily a squad of Confederates at the city end of the bridg'f. So did the noble and much-regret ted young Alexander W. Bobison, who was killed at tha bridge. Judge Wnddell, of Kussell coun ty, was shot and mortally wounded on the upper part of Broad street. Mr. J. J. J~ones, the local editor of this paper, and Mr, Evan Jones of Apalachicola, were also tilled on Broad street. Capt. S. Isidore Guillet, Col. Von Zinken's chief-of-staff, was killed on the Girard side, while gallantly doing his duty. If there were any other Confederates killed on that side of the river, we have not been able to learn their names. Mr. ----; Smith, a watch maker of this city, and an Englishman by birth, was killed on Broad street; ajid we hear that two young men, whose names are unknown, to us, were killed near the brickyard, in the eastern suburbs of the city. These are all the deaths on the Confederate side of - which we have any knowledge.
We .have no means whatever of making an estimate of the Federal loss in this fight. The darkness of the night prevented any view of the ground while the battlu was going on, and the victors held the field and all access to it afterwards. Had the attack been made in the day time the loss of the assailants must have been much greater tlian it really was, aud there is every reason to believe their casualties were quite numerous.
Northern papers state that Gen.' Wilson telegraphed that he captured about one thousand prisoners. The Confederate troops that escaped were scattered in every direction, some on either side of the river, and the organization so hastily collected to defend the city was dispersed to as many quarters as those from which it had been brought together,
Maj. Gen. Howell Cobb was the ranking officer of the day, but the direct command of the troops in the field was assigned to Col, Leon Von Zinken, whose coolness and intrepidity were conspicuously displayed and acknowl edged as -well by the Federals as the Confederates.
The fight was gallantly maintained on both sides. The Union troops hare made ready acknowledgment of the courage with which the Confederates, for mostly raw troops and all hastily thrown together, stood their ground.; and the attack of the Federals was made and followed up with an unquailing spirit.
It is plain that an error was committed in making the line of defense too

GEN. WILSON'S REPORT.

181

long. Had the railroad bridge been partially destroyed, and the line shor tened and doubled around the upper bridge, a much stouter and more pro longed resistance could have been made. But the Federal force would have taken the city in spite of the best dispositions made with our limited means, for they could have sent a large body of troops to cross the river either above or below the city, and have entered it from the Georgia side while they were making demonstrations agaiiist the force in Oirard.
A very large quantity of cannon, small arms, ordnance and commissary stores fell into the hands of Gen. Wilson, and were destroyed.
We have called this the last fight east of the Mississippi. There was a. sharp fight at West Point on the same day, but earlier in the day. There may possibly have been a brush or two in Western North Carolina after the Kith of April, but nothing like a battle of any importance. A fight occurred two or three weeks later in Western Texas, near the old Palo-Alto battle ground, in which the Confederates were successful: and this closed the fight ing of the civil war, so far as we have any advice.
GEN". WILSON'S REPORT.
We make on next page extracts from Gen. Wilson's report of his raid through, the South, including the capture of Columbus. Only two ,pr three statements call for notice here, either be cause of their iricori wetness, or because they serve to explain some incidents about which, there was doubt. Gen. "Wilson admits a loss of twenty-five men killed and wounded in the attack on th^ Confederate position on the Alabama side of the river. >fe states that lus advance, which dashed through Girard about two o'clock p. m. on the 16th, would have cap tured the lower bridge had the Confederates not fired it. This seems to settle the disputed question as to the propriety of firing the bridge at that time, because Gen. Wilson's asser tion shows that Gen. Upton's' advance had orders to make an attack on the bridge, whether they would then have captured it or not. The report does injustice to the Confederates in not stating that their lino of defence around the upper bridge, &c., was a single,one and long drawn out, and that the four or five hundred Federal troops, for whom he claims the honor of breaking through the Confederate lines, did not really encounter one-half their own force. It also con firms the statement that the Federal forces had, in some man ner not yet clearly explained, obtained possession of the
13

182

OEX, WILSON'S REPORT.

bridge in the rear of the Confederates before the line of the latter was broken through..
Gen. Wilson's statement of the work of destruction by his orders at Columbus Is evidently only approximately correct. In some respects it exaggerates, and in others falls .short of the extent of the vandalism. The general estimate of the amount of cotton destroyed puts it at but little over one-half of his statement. He burnt two printing offices (those of the Sun and Times') and some private buildings, of which he makes no mention. It was claimed that the private buildings were unavoidably burnt because of their contiguity to estab lishments operated in aid of the Confederacy. There was only one paper mill (the Kock Island) in this section, and therefore only one could have been destroyed.

OAPTUKE OF MONTGOMERY.
In the march from Sslma, LaGrange's Brigade of McCook's Division was given the advance. Tha recent rains had rendered the roads quite muddy, and a small body of Rebel cavalry, in falling back before LaGrange, destroy ed several bridges, so that our progress was necessarily slow.
At seven ft. m., April twelfth, tb-e advanced guard reached Montgomery, and received the surrender of the city from the Mayor and Council. Gen. Adams, with & small force, after falling back before us to the city, burned ninety thousand, bales of cotton stored there, and continued his retreat to Mount Meigs* on the Columbus road. Five guns and large quantities of small arms, stores, etc., were left m our hands and destroyed.
Gen. McCook assigned Col. Cooper, Fourth Kentucky Cavalry, to the comniand of the city, and immediately began the destruction of the public stores. Major Weston, of tbe Fourth Kentucky, with a small detachment of his reg iment, made a rapid march to Wetumpka, swam the Coosa and Tallapoosa rivers, and captured five steamboats and their cargoes, which were taken to Montgomery and destroyed. Early on the fourteenth the march "was resum- e<3. I instructed Brevet Major General Upton to move with Ms own divisiondirectly upon Columbus, and to order LaGrajige, with his brigade, to make a rapid movement upon West Point, destroying the railroad bridges along the line of march. I hoped to secure a crossing of the Chattaltoochee at one or tlie other of these points.
Minty followed Upton by the way of Tuskegee. McCook, -with a part of his division, remained a few hours at Montgomery to complete the destruc tion of public stores. Shortly after leaving his camp, near Montgomery, LaGrange struck a force of rebels under Buford and Clareton, but drove them in confusion, capturing about one hundred and fifty prisoners.

ATTACK OK AND CAPTURE OF COLUMBUS.

18

About two p. m. of the sixteenth, General Up ton's advance?--a part of Alex ander's brigade--struck the enemy's pickets on the road and drove them rap idly through Girard to the lower bridge over the Chattahoochee at Columbus. The rebels hastily set fire to it and thereby prevented its capture. Alter securing a position on the lower Montgomery road, Gen. Upton detached a force to push around to the bridge of the factory, three miles above the city. He then made a raconnoisanee in person and found the enemy strongly post ed in a line of works covering all the bridges, with a large numbfir of guns in position on both sides of the river. He had already determined to mo-ve "VVmslow's Brigade to the Opelika or SurnmerviUe road and assault the works on that side without waiting for the arrival of the Second Division.
I reached the head of Window's Brigade of the Fourth Division at four o'clock, and found the troops marching to the position assigned them by General Upton. Through an accident, General Window did not arrive at his position till after dark, but General TJptou prepared to make the assault in the night, and coinciding with him in judgment, I ordered the attack.
Three hundred men of the Third Iowa Cavalry, Col. Xoble commanding, were dismounted, and, after a slight skirmish, moved forward and formed across the road under a heavy fire of artillery. The Fourth Iowa and Tenth Missouri were held in readiness to suppprt the assaulting party. At eight and a half V'clock, p. m., just as the troops were ready, the enemy at a short distance, opened a heavy fire of musketry, and -with a four gun battery, be gan thro\v(6g canister and grape. Generals Up ton. and Winslow in person, directed the^movement ; the troops dashed forward, opened a withering fire from their Spencers, pushed through a slashing abatis, pressed the Rebel line back to their put works, supposed at first to ba their main line. During all this time the i^ebel guns threw out a perfect storm of canister and grape, but without avail. '
Gen. Upton sent two companies of the Tenth Missouri, Capt. Glassen com manding, to follow up the suc<i3ss of the dismounted men and gat possession of the bridge- They passed through the inner line of works, and, under cover of darkuees, before the Rebels knew it, had reached the bridge lead ing into Columbus.
As soon as everything could be got up to the position occupied by the dis mounted men, Gen. Upton pressed forward again, and swept away all oppo sition, took possession of the foot and railroad bridges, and stationed guards throughout the city.
Twelve hundred prisoners, fifty-two field guns hi position for use against us, large quantities of arms -and stores fell into our hands. Our loss was only twenty-five killed and wounded. Col. C. A. L. Lamar, of Gen. Cobb's staff, formerly owner of the "Wanderer," (slave trader) was killed.
The Eebel force was over three thousand men. They could not believa they had been dislodged from their strong fortifications by an attack of three hundred men.
"When it ia remembered that these.operations gave to ue the city of IJolura-

184:

GEN. WILSON'S REPORT.

bus--the key to Georgia, four hundred miles from "our starting point, and that it was conducted by cavalry, without the inspiration from the great events which had transpired in Virginia--it will not be considered insignifi cant, although sliorn of its importance.
Gen. "Whislow was assigned to the command of the city.
CAPTURE OF WEST POINT. After much sharp skirmishing and hard marching, which resulted in the capture of fourteen wagons and a number of prisoners, LaG-range's advance reached the vicinity of "West Point at ten A. M., April 16th, with Beck's Eighteenth Indiana Battery and the Second and Fourth Indiana Cavalry. The enemy were kept occupied till the arrival of the balance of the Brigade. Having thoroughly reconnoitered the ground, detachments of the First "Wis consin, Second Indiana, and Seventh Kentucky Cavalry dismounted and prepared to assault Fort Tyler, covering the bridge. Col. LaGraiige describes it as a remarkably strong bastioned earthwork, thirty-five yards square, sur rounded by a ditch twelve feet wide and ten feet deep, situated on a com manding eminence, protected by an imperfect abattia and mounting two thirty-two pounders and two field guns. At one P. ac. the charge was sounded and the brave detachment on the throe titles of the work rushed forward, to the assault, drove the Rebel skir mishers into the fort, and followed under a withering fire of musketry and grape to the edge of the ditch. This was found impassable ; but without falling back, Ool. LaG-range posted .sharp-shooters to keep down the enemy and organized parties to gather material for the bridges. As soon as this had been done he sounded the charge again ,- the detachment sprang forward again, laid the bridges and rushed forward over the parapet into the work ; capturing tho entire garrison--in all, two hundred and sixty-five men. Gen. Tyler, its commanding officer, with eighteen men and officers killed, and twenty-eight severely wounded. Simultaneously with the advance upon the fort tho Fourth Indiana dashed through the town, secured both bridges over the Chattahoochee, scattering a superior force of cavalry which had just arrived, and burned five engines and trains. Col. LaGrange highly com mends the accuracy and steadiness of Capt. Beck in the uso of his artillery. Col. LaG-range destroyed at this place two bridges, nineteen locomotives, and. two hundred and forty-five cars loaded with quartermaster, commissary and ordnance stores. Before leaving he established a hospital for the wounded of both sid.cs, and. left with the Mayor an ample supply of stores to provide for all their wants. Early on the morning of the seventeenth lie resumed his march toward Macon, passing through LaGrange, Griffin and Forsyth, ami breaking the railroads at those places. He -would have reached Ms destination by noon of the twentieth, but for delay caused by an order to wait for the Fourth Kentucky Cavalry, which had gone through Columbus.
DEPARTURE FROM COLUMBUS. Tlie afternoon of the seventeenth I directed Col. Minty to resume hia

GEN". WILSON'S REPORT.

"

185

march with his Division on the Thomaston road toward Mactm, arid to send a detachment forward that night to Hcizc the Double bridges over Flint river. Oapt. Van Antwerp, of my staff, accompanied this party. By seven o'clock A. M. the next day lie had reached the bridges, fifty miles from Colum bus, scattered the party defending them, and took forty prisoners.
Before leaving Columbus, Gen. Window destroyed the rebel ram Jackson, nearly ready for sea, mounting sis seven-inch guns, burned fifteen locomo tives, two hundred and fifty cars, the railroad bridge and foot bridges, one hundred and fifteen thousand bales of cotton, four cotton factories, the navy yard, foundry, armory, sword and pistol factory, accoutrement shops, throe paper mills, over a hundred thousand rounds of artillery ammunition, besides immense stores, of which no account could be taken. The rebels abandoned and burned the gnu-boat Ohattahoochee, twelve miles below Columbus.

COJLUMBUS AS SHE NOVS/ IS.
With the capture arid partial destruction of Columbus by the Federal forces in 1865, ends our continuous history of the city. Much as other Southern cities suffered by the war, the loss of Columbus was probably greater than that of any other,'for the reason that the great- industrial establishments that afforded work and support to so many of her citizens were wholly destroyed, and all the ..cotton which the planters of the surrounding country had stored here, and which con stituted their only available means of raising money where.with to continue their work, was burnt. But her recupera tion since that time lias, under all the circumstances, been . most encouraging, if not surprising. Her cotton manufactur ing business---her great distinctive industry--is now larger than it was at the time of the raid, embracing five distinct factories, running 1,020 looms and about 35,000 spindles. The Eagle and Phenix Factory--an immense establishment,
with three large factory buildings and a capital of $1,250,000 --alone runs about 800 looms and 25,000 spindles. Besides the Eagle and Phenix, are the Columbus Factory, with 116

OF COLUMBUS.

IS?

looms; t"he Muscogee, with 80; A. Clegg & Co.'s, with 30; and the Steam Cotton Mill, which has spindles only. These several manufacturing establishments consumed 8,500 bales of cotton for the year ending Sept. 1st, 1875, besides a large quantity of^wool.
In addition to these manufactories, Columbus has several foundries, ofi;e of them having the largest iron, works attached, south of Kich'mond ; also several sash factories, one gin fac tory, two furii^ture manufactories, a very large agricultural implement factory, one stove manufactory, two flour mills, one kerosene oil refinery, and one railroad ma chine shop. Four railroads terminate at Columbus. One of them, the North and South railroad, "when com pleted, will add new business to her trade, and will fur nish a new and competing line to the West and the sea. Upon its line and upon the line of the Savannah and Mem phis road, are the richest coal fields in the South, and iron beds of superior ore practically inexhaustible. The latter road will be, when completed to the Tennessee river, the shortest line from the northwest to the Atlantic. Arrange ments have been effected which guarantee its early comple tion. When these two roads are built, Columbus will no doubt add to the busy whirr, of her cotton spindles the ruddy glow of a dozen rolling mills.

188

PROSPERITY OP COLUMBUS.

"With the advance of cotton manufactories there will spring up industries for the production of every description of ma chinery used therein, and in a dozen years this interest alone should double the population of Columbus. Its growth will be forwarded by the fact of its excellent health and remarkable freedom, from epidemics, which have year after year scourged many of its neighboring cities. Its public schools are annu ally attracting population. They are justly the pride of the city. Extensive gas works have been in operation for many years, Columbus, already the largest city in western Geor gia, enjoys a commercial importance which is annually in creasing. From four railroads and her river, Columbus receives an immense business from, as reliable a population as resides in Alabama, Georgia or Florida. Her "business men have the facilities offered by four banks of deposit--one National and three State, to-wit: Chattahoochee National Bank, Merchants and Mechanics Bank, Georgia Home Sav ings Bank, Eagle and Phcnix Savings Bank. There are also two daily and weekly papers--the Inquirer-Sun, being a con solidation of the old -Knqti't'rer and /Sun cincl Times / and the Times^ more recently established.
Columbus also has one of the largest and most popular Fire Insurance Companies in the State--the " Georgia Home," which ranks second in amount of its policies, and is

justly regarded as one. of the most responsible institutions of the kind in the South,

WATER POWEB.

189

Nearly every denomination has erected houses of worship. The Baptist, Episcopal, Presbyterian and Catholic, have each commodious churches, and the Methodist three. In addition, the colored people have constructed four comfortable churches. The Fire department consists of two steam and two hand engines, and one hook and ladder company. The city gov ernment is conservative, and is economically administered. The police are handsomely uniformed and effective, arid law, order and quiet are enjoyed by all classes of citizens.
The population of the city and its suburbs (embracing an area within a mile of the court-house in every direction) is not less than 15,000--all of whom do business or trade in the city.
The immense unused "water power of Columbus constitutes one of her great resources of future growth and prosperty. In this respect no city of the Union surpasses her. In his report of an instrumental survey made by Col. L. P. Grant, who is recp'gnized by the profession as one of the ablest civil engineers in* the South, that gentleman says :
"The total fall of the Chattahooch.ee. between West Point and the foot i>f the fall at Columbus, is three hundred and sixty (360) feet. The fall is not uniform, but occurs in successive shoals, separated by stretches of comparativ ely slack water. About one-third (one hundred and twenty (120) feet,) of this descent occurs in three and a half miles, termi nating at Columbus."
The single power available immediately at COLUMBUS, (120 feet,) affords fall and -water enough^ with improved applica tion of power, and the use of improved machinery, TO DBIVE ONE AN"D A QUARTER MILLION" SPII-TDLES, affording employ ment/or nearly sixty thousand (60,000) people, and forming a basis for a population of about half a million people.
With these great natural advantages, and with the start already secured in cotton, manufacturing--taking the lead of any other city of the South in this respect--we may proudly hope that the "new era" of Columbus, which we date from the close of the late sectional war, will be more progressive and prosperous than her career of 37 years before that event.

APPENDIX.
HISTORY OF MASONRY IN COLUMBUS.
Columbian Lodge, F. and A. M., wns organized, under dispensation granted October 0, 1828, by "Wra. Y. Hansell, Deputy Grand Master, upon petition of Luther Blake and eleven others. Luther Blake \va appointed "VV. il., H. E. BissellS. W.,andThos. G. Gordon 3. W., and the first meeting was held October 22d, 1828.
A charter was granted by the Grand Lodge in December, 1828, and No: 28 assigned it. At" the time of the Federal raid in April, 1865, the charter was lost, and its present charter was issued October 27, 18G5, by the Grand Lodge in lieu of the ons lost, no minute of the original having- been recorded HO that a duplicate could be obtained of it. Its number, 28. was retained until October, 1838, when it assumed number 8, and that, in December, 1849, was exchanged for number 7, which it still retains,
Oglethorpe Lodge was organized and had its first meeting December 4, 1845, with O. J, H. Dibble as W. M., V. S. Tommy S. W,, and J. J. Button J. W. The exact date of dispensation, or by whom issued, is not found of record. The charter was issued by the Grand Lodge October, 1846, and Xo. 47 given it.
Loviek pierce Lodge was organized under dispensation from A. W. Bed ding, Deputy Grand Matter, dated February 11, 1865, xipon petition of P. M. Brooks and thirty-nine others. F. M. Brooks was appointed ~W. M., W. E. Sandeford S. "W., and H. S. Smith, jr., J. "W., and the first meeting held February 16, 1865. It was regularly chartered by the Grand Lodge in Octo ber, 1865, as No. 250.
In 1867 the three Lodges above named, upon consultation among them selves, agreed to unite their whole membership in one Lodge, retaining the name of the oldest, Golum.bian.Ko. 7, and. the charters of OgletliorpeNo. 47, and Lovick Pierce No. 250 to be surrendered to the Grand Lodge. In pursuance of s-ueli action Oglethovpe and Lovick Pierce Lodges held their last meetings on 30th November, 1867, when their books and rolls were ordered turned over to Columbian Lodge, and tliey are now (1S75) working harmoniously, under John King as "W. M., A. M. Brannon S. W., and D. Wolfson J. TV., with a membership of about 150.
James Kivlin, one of our oldest residents, was the first Mason who affil iated with Columbian Lodge after its organization, June 13, 1823. But few of those who received the degrees in the earliest periods of its history are now living, though its records show some who are still alive in this vicinity.
I>arley Chapter, Royal Arch Masons, was organized under dispensation

HISTORY OF MASOSTRT IN COLUMBUS.

. 191

* from Wm. Schley, Grand High Priest, dated May 24, 1841, on petition of PbiJip T- Schley and eight others. Philip T. Schley was appointed H. P., Khodam A. Greene, King, and Abraham Levison, Scribe, and the first meet- ing was held .Tune 5, 1841. Its charter was granted June 20,1842, and it des ignated as No. 7.
Hope Council No. 4, R. & S. M., had its records and property destroyed. by fire on 9th of October, 3846', and the time and name of its organization is not definitely known. It is supposed to have been organized about 1842, eoon after Darley Chapter. Its first meeting after the fire was April 17th, 1847. It is now working under Hiram Middlebrook, T. I, G. M.; A, Wittjch, I. H. T., and L. G. Scheussler, I. H. A.
St. Aldemar Commandery No. 3, K. T., was organized under dispensation issued December 1st, 1857, by W. B. Hubbard, Grand Master of Templars in U. S., upon petition of M. N. Clark and eleven others. Michael N. Clark was appointed E. C-; Phillip T. Gittinger, Generalissimo, and James M. Bivins, Captain General. The Charter was authorized to be issued by the Grand Encampment in September, 1859. but was only issued January 23d, I860, and the intervening time was caused by dispensation from B. B. French, Grand Master, dated January 10th, 1860.
Adoniram Lodge of Perfection was organized October 28th, 187O, under authority from Melchisedec Consistory No. 3, with M. M. Moore as Th. Pu. Grand Master, and twenty-four members.
Melchised*^c Consistory No. 3 was organized July 19th, 1866, under dispen sation datedvJuIy 9th, 1866, with John King as 111. Commander in Chief, and fourteen menjbers. It was regularly chartered May 4th, 1868, by the Su preme Council at Charleston.

LOVERS' LEAP.
This is one of the most noted and romantic spots in the vicinity of Columbus, aud still possesses an interest for both residents and transient visitors, on account of its natural grandeur and the Indian legend connected with it. The fol lowing is the description of the locality and legend connected with it:
This romantic locale is a high and ragged cliff, which terminates an ascend ing knoll of dark rocks, and projects boldly into the Chattahoochee Itiver. Its summit commands one of the most magnificent displays of river scenery . which Nature could present, or which Art could picture. On the left the river pursues its downward course to Columbus, in a straight line. Its flow is rapid and wild, broken by rocks, over which the water frets and foams in.

192 .

LOVERS' .LEAP.


angry surges. The bed of the stream is that of a deep ravine, its walls lofty

and irregiilar cliffs, covered to their verge with majestic forest growth. From

this point the city of Columbus is but partially visible. At the "Leap," the

river makes a sudden turn and forms an angle with its course below, flowing

in a narrow channel so regularly lined with rocks on both sides and of such

uniform width as to resemble a canal. A short distance above it makes an

other1 right tingle-and resumes its old course.

In the early part of the present century, this region was inhabited by two

powerful tribes of Indians. Kivals were they, mid, with numbers equal, and

alike proud names, well' they vied with eaeh other. There was no tribe

among all the powerful nation of the Creeks who boasted of their powers be

fore a Cusseta or a Coweta. But they were not friends, for who of those

proud red men would bend before the acknowledged superiority of the other?

It may have been a small matter from which their jealousy sprung, but the

tiny thing had been cheorished, till a serpent-like hatred hissed at the sound

of the other's name.

The proud Chief of the Cussetas was DOW become an old man, and much

was he venerated by all who rallied at his battle-cry. The boldest heart in

all his tribe quailed before his angry eye, and the proudest did him reverence.

The old man had outlived his own sons. One by one had the Great Spirit

called them from their hunting grounds, and in the flush of their manhood

they had gone to the spirit-land. Yet he was not alone. The youngest of

his children, the dark-eyed Mohina, was still sheltered in his bosom, and all

his love for the beautiful in life was bestowed upon her,--ah, and rightly too,

for the young maiden rivalled in _ grace the bounding fawn, and the young

warriors said of her that the smile of the Great Spirit was not so beautiful.

While yet a child she was betrothed to the young Eagle of the Gowetas, the

proud scoin of their warrior Chief. But stern hatred had stifled kindly feel

ings in the hearts of all save these two young creatures, and the pledged word

was broken when the snioke of the calumet was extinguished. Mohina no

longer dared to meet the young Chief openly, and death faced them when

they sat in a lone, wild try sting-place, neath the starry blazonry of mid

night's dark robe. Still they were undaunted, for pure love dwelt in their

hearts, and base fear crouched low before it, and went afar from them to hide

in grosser, souls. Think not tho boy-god, changes his arrows when he seeks

the heart of the red man. Nay, rather with truer aim and finer point does

tho winged thing speed from his bow, and deeply the subtle poison sinks in

the young heart, while the dark cheek, glows with love's proper hue. The

deer bounded gladly by when the lovers met, and felt he was free, while the

bright-eyed maiden leaned upon the bosom of the Young Eagle. Their youth

ful hearts hoped in the future, though all in vain, for time served but to ren

der more fierce that hostile rivalry, more rank than deadly hatred, which ex

isted foetweaa'the tribes. Skirmishes were frequent amid their hunters, and

open hostilities seemed inevitable.

And now it was told by some who had peered through the tangled under

wood and matted foliage of those dim woods, that the Coweta bad pressed

LOVEBS' l&SAP.

193

the maiden to bis heart m those lone p^ceS, and that strange words and pas

sionate were even now breathed by him tP h-er ear. Then the hunters of the

Cussetas sprang from their couches and >^ade earnest haste to the dark glen.

"With savage yell and impetuous rush the/ bounded before the lovers. They

fled, and love and terror added wings to #*eir flight. For a while they dis

tanced their pursuers. But the strength- of Mohina failed her in a perilous

moment, and had not the Young Eagle snatched her to his fast-beating heart,

the raging enemy had made sure their fat.6- He rushed onward up the nar

row defile before him. It led he forgot wither. In a few moments he stood

on the verge of this fearful height. Wi^ly the maiden clung to him, and

even then, in that sttftnge moment c'f life, his heart throbbed proudly

beneath his burden. The bold future alPne was before him ; there was no

return. Already the breath of one of tr>e pursuers, a hated rival, came quick

upon his cheek, and'tbe bright-gleaming tomahawk shone before him. One

momemt he gazed on him, and triump1*1 flashed in the eye of the young Chief,

and then without a shudder he sprang TMto the seething waters below. Still

the young maidon clung to him, nor vet did the death struggle part them.

The mad waves dashed fearfully pver them, and their loud wail was a fit

ting requiem to their departing- spirits- The horror-stricken warriors gazed

wildly into the foaming torrent, then dashed with reckless haste down the

declivity to bear the sad tidings -to the old Chief. He heard their tale in

silence.*,'-But sorrow was oil his spirit, and it was broken. Henceforth his

seat was infilled by the council pe, and its red light gleamed fitfully upon

his grave"/41.

.-

OLD rjlEMINISCKNCK.
We make below an extract from Gen. Thos. S. Wood ward's " lieminiscences off the Greek or Musoogee Indians." It is older than any of the 'events referred to in our history of Columbus, bnt refers to , localities and people mentioned therein and familiar to our i older citizens, and may therefore be interesting in this connection:
The entry of Gen. LaFayette into Alabama was the most imposing show I witnessed while I lived in the State. In 182i, I think it was, LaFayette was looked for in Alabama. I was the vflrst and oldest Brigadier General in Ala bama, (after it became a 'State.) G<en. 'Wm. Taylor, I think, was the oldest Major General; and Israel Picfoms Tfos Governor. There may have been his equal, but there never has been his superior in that office since Alabama be came a State. At the time LaFayette was expected, Gen. Taylor was absent, I think, in Mobile. The Indians were a little soured, from a treaty that had been, or was about being made with tjhe Georgians. Gov. PiStens requested

194:

AN OL.I>

me to take an escort and conduct Lafayette through the nation. The Hon. James Abercrombie then commaiiqe<j the Montgomery Troop, and Gen, Monroe of Claiborne, commanded tlje Mpnroe Troop, both of whom volun teered their services. Before the escort left Alabama, (which then extended only to Line Creek,) Gen. Taylor arrived and took the command.
That was before the day of platforms and conventions--men Jived on their own money. You must guess then there was some patriotic feeling along, for there were between two and thrte hundred persons, all bearing their own expenses. Some in going and coming had to travel 40O, and none less than 2OO miles. Besides the military, there wtire a number of the most respectable citi zens of Alabama--among whom were Boling Hftll, ^x-niember of Congress, ex-Gov, Murphy, Jno. . Bibb, Jno. "^T. Freeman and Col. Jas. Johnston, one of the best men that ever lived or died. If there are any such men these days, I have not had the pleasure of their at-quaintance. Our trip to the Chattahoochee was pleasant indeed. We maqe our headquarters three miles from Fort Mitchell, on big Uchee Creak, at ^aynes Crabtree's. Had that been a. war, and if it had continued to the present day, all of that crowd that's now . living would be soldiers. Affcer some thr^e or four days' stay at Crabtree's : we learned that Gen. LaFayette had passed White "Water, and we knew ,at what time he would reach the river. The -Indians seemed to take as much interest in the matter as the whites. All hands mustered on the west or Alabama side, where we could see the Georgia escort approach the east bank of the Chattahoochee, with their charge, Qn the east bank, Gen. LaFayutte was met by Chilly Mclntosh, eon of the Indian Gen. Molntosh. with fifty Indian warriors, who were stripped naked and finely painted. They had a sulky prepared with drag-ropes, such as are commonly used in drawing can non. The General was turned over by the Georgians to the Indians. That was the greatest show I ever saw &t the crossing of any river. As the ferry boat reached the Alabama hide, the Indians^ in two lines, seized the ropes, and the General seated in the sulky, was. drawn to the top of the bank, some eighty yards, where stood the Alabama Delegation. At a proper clis-tance from the Alabama Delegation, the Indians opened their lines, and the
sulky halted. Everything, from the time the General fmtered the ferry, till this time, had
been conducted in the most profound silence. As the sulky halted, the In dians gave three loud whoops. The General then alighted, took off his hat, and was conducted by Chilly Mdntosh, a, few steps, to where stood Mr. Hall, with head uncovered, white with the fronts of age. I knew Mr. Hall from
my boyhood. He always showed well in ^company; but never did I see him look so finely as on that occasion--he 'looked Uke himself--what he really was--an American gentleman. As Mc^ntosh approached Mr, Hall, he said, "Geu. LaFayette, the American friend*'--"Mr. Hall, of Alabama," pointing to each as he called his name. Mr. Haljf ih, a very impressive manner, wel comed Lafayette to the shores of Alabama, and introduced him to the other gentlemen. Dandridge Bibb then addressed the General at eome length. I heard a number of persons address LaFayettij on bi route through Alabama---none

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surpassed Dandridge Bibb, and none equaled him, niless it was Hitchcock and Dr. I-Iustis at Gahnba, I havo always been looted -upon as rather dryfaced; "but gazmg on th.o face of tlto most distinguished patriot thai it had ever fallen to my lot to look upon, aud tho feeling remarks of Mr, Bibb on that occasion., caused, me, as ik did most others tlat were present, to shed tears like HO juany children.
After the address at tho river, all marched to I?orfc Mitcliell hill, where there was an immense crowd of Indians, the Little Prince at their head. He addressed the ''Trench Captain," through Hamley, in true Indian style. I coaid understand imifih of his spseoh, but cannot begin to give it as Haniley could- The Princo said that he had often heard of the French Captain, * 'but now I see him, I take him by the hand, I know from whafc I see, he is the true one I have heard spoken of ; I am not deceived.--too many men have aome a long way to meet him. He is bound to be'the very man the Ameri cans v,-erc looking for." The Prince, after satisfying the General that he (the Prince) was satisfied that the General -was the true naan spoken of and looted for, then went on to say, that he hstd once -warred against the Ameri cans, and that the "French Captain had warred for them, and of course they had ouoe been enemies, tmt were now friends ; that he ("the Prince) was get ting old, -which hie withered limbs would show--malting bare his arms at-the same timfe-j-that he could not live long : Vat he was glad to say, that his people and'Vhe whites we-re at pease pad he hoped they would continue so.
But he hVS z-aised a sat. of young- warriors, that he thought would prove worthy of t3$pii sitas, if theia sliotJd ever be a call to show themselves men ; aa<3 that as a toall play TVSS, ontsiclo o \\-ar, the m.oat manly exercise that the Bed Man coul^L perform, he would, for the gratificatJon of the General and his friends, make l?as young men play a gEime. Tno old man then turned to his people, and said to them--they \vero i the presence of a great man and waJryioi',- he hod couinianded arraies on both sides of tlie Big Water; that he had Bocn inr,iiy nationig of people : that he had visited the Six Nations, in Ead Jacket's time, (the C3-oiioral told the Indians that he liad visited the Six Nations,) that evoj-y man must do his best--Know hiniweif a man, and should one get hurt ne must retire without eosaplauiiug, and by no means show any thing Jike ill humor. The speech feuded, about two hundred stripped to the b\ifi, paired themselves oft" and went at it. It tei.t-$ a ball pltvy sure gTi-owgr/t, and I would travel farthev to see su.ch a show than I would to see any other performed by man, aud willingly pay high for it, at that. The play ended, and all hands went out to headquarters at Big Uehee, where we were kindly treated by our old friend Haynes <Cra"btr&&,
There was a man, then living among the Indians, Oapt. Tom Anthony, -who long since found a last resting place in the wilds of Arkansas. He was & roan of fine sense and great hu>mor. There was also an Indian known as Whiskey John. Jolio. was the greatest drunkard I ever saw ; he would <lrin.k a quart of strong whiskey without 'taking the ressal that contained it from his lips, (this is Alabama history, and there are plenty now living that have seen turn do it.) To see John drink vt-as enough to bsva made the fabled "Bacclma

196

AN OLD REMINISCENCE.

look out for a vacancy that frequently occurs among the Sons of Temperance. Capt. Anthony told Join that all hands had addressed the French Chief, and that it was his duty to sly something to him "on behalf of those that loved whiskey. John could sp^ak considerable English in a broken manner. It so happened that the General and others were walking across the Uchee Bridge when John met them. John made a low bow, as he had seen others do. The General immediately puled off his hat, thinking he had met with another Chief. John straightening himself up to his full height, (and he was not very low,) commenced his speech in the manner that I will try to give it to you. "My friend, you French Chief ! me Whiskey John," (calling over the names of several white persons and Indians;) "Col. Hawkins, Col. Crowell, Tom Crowell, Henry. Crowell, Billy Mclntosh, Big Warrior Indian, heap my friends, give me whiskey, drink, am good. White man my very good friend me, white man make whiskey, drink him heap, very good, I drink whiskey. You French Chief, Tom Anthony say me big Whiskey Chief. You me give one bottle full. I drink hiai good." The General informed John that he did not drink whiskey, but would have his bottle filled. John remarked "Tom Anthony you very good man, me you give me bottle full. You no drink, me drink all, chaw tobacco little bit, give me some you." Now the above is an Indian speech, aiid no doubt will appear silly to some who have not been accustomed to those people. Should it, however, fall under the eye of those who were along at that time, they will recognize John's speech, and call to mind our old friends, Capt. Anthony and Col. James Johnson, who was the life of our crowd.
We remained that night at Crabtree's and the next day reached Fort Bainbridge, where an Indian countryman lived, by the name of Kendall Lewis, as perfect a gentleman, in principle, as ever lived in or out of the nation, and had plenty, and it in fine style. The next day we started for Line Creek.
It fell to my lot to point out many Indians, as well as places, for we were stopped at almost every settlement to shake hands, and hear Indian speeches. Among many things and places that were pointed out to the General, was the place where Lot was killed, the old "Lettered Beech," at Persimmon swamp, the old Council Oak, Floyd's bottle ground, the grave of James McGirth, the place where McGirth made peach brandy, many years before, and many other things. That night we reached Walter B. Lucas'. Everything was "done up" better than it will eyer be again; one thing only was lackingtime--we could not stay long enough. The next morning we started for Montgomery. Such a cavalcade never traveled that road before or since.
On Goat Hill,* and near where Gapt. John Carr fell in the well, stood Gov. Pickens, and the largest crowd I ever sa'* in Montgomery. Some hundred yards east of the Hill, was a sand flat, wliere Gen. LaFayette and his attend ants quit carriages and horses, formed a line and marched to the top of the hill. As we started, the baud struck up the old Scottish air, "Hail to the Chief." As we approached the Governor, Mr. Hill introduced the General to him. The Governor tried to welcome him, but, like the best man the books give account of, when it was announced thiat he was commander of the whole American forces, he was scarcely able to utter a word. So it was with Gov. Piekens. As I remarked before, Gov. P. had no superior in the State, but on that occasion he could not even make a sipeech. But that did not prevent Gen. LaFayette from discovering that he was a great man; it only goes to prove what is often said, that many who fel most can say least, and many who have no feeling say too much.

The3 sSjti^tj| oOff 'tJjw ^yP)Jj|^!33Jit Capitol of Alabama. iJ rV-j^