Georgia : supplemental volume comprising sketches of counties, towns, events, institutions, and persons arranged in cyclopedic form : volume IV / edited by ex-Governor Allen D. Candler and General Clement A. Evans : a machine-readable transcription

GEORGIA
SUPPLEMENTAL VOLUME
Comprising Personal Sketches of Representative Georgians for Whom Special Portraits Have Been Executed on Steel
EDITED BY
EX-GOVERNOR ALLEN D. CANDLER
AND
GENERAL CLEMENT A. EVANS
VOLUME IV
State Historical Association ATLANTA 1906

COPYRIGHT, 1906
BY
STATE HISTORICAL ASSOCfATION

CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA

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JOSEPH V. H. ALLEN

Joseph V. H. Alien was one of those valiant souls whose life was filled with honor and usefulness and who left a definite impress

upon his native state, of one of whose pioneer families he was a representative. He died in the city of Augusta, Feb. 19, 1883. From a previous publication the following memoir is reproduced, with but slight change in phraseology and data: "Maj. Joseph V. H. Alien was born in Augusta, Ga., on May 22, 1830, and was the youngest child of Richard Alien, of that city. Like many of the youth of Augusta in that day, his early and only educational training was obtained in the Richmond academy. While he did

not enjoy the benefits of a college course, he was a man of fine ideas and culture. His purpose in life was to become a business man, and to that end he strove faithfully and successfully. His

first employment was as clerk in the establishment of Thomas

Richards, dealer in books and stationery in Augusta, and later he became bookkeeper for Warren, Lewis & Co., commission mer

chants and millers. By his industry, integrity, courtesy and ability he soon made marked advancement in the business world, suc ceeding to the business of the concern last mentioned, as a member of the firm of Lewis & Alien. The commencement of the war

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between the states found him in possession of a paying and prom ising business. Upon the volunteering in the Confederate, service of Company A, Oglethorpe light infantry, though exempt from military duty, he enlisted in the command, with a commission as first-lieutenant. At the expiration of his twelve months term of enlistment he returned home and organized an artillery company, which became a part of the Sixty-third Georgia, in which he was promoted to the rank of major. Those who knew him bear testi mony to his bravery, his devotion to the cause, and his untiring attention to his command and men. After the war he was elected secretary and treasurer of the National Express & Transportation company, w;ith Gen. Joseph E. Johnston at its head. Later he organized and was made secretary of the Commercial Insurance Company, whose charter was later amended and under the same the Commercial bank was established. He was the senior member of the firm of J. V. H. Alien & Co., his associate in the same being his son, G. Henry Alien, while the large and important insurance business built up by the firm is now conducted, under the original title, by his son, Richard E. Alien. As an insurance man Major Alien had wonderful specific information and ability. He was a director of the Commercial bank, the Augusta and Knoxville Rail road Company, and the Augusta, Chicago and Elberton Railroad Company, and was a trustee of the Augusta free school and the Augusta orphan asylum. He was a man of fine business qualities, genial nature, marked courtesy and manly bearing. His executive talents were observed by the people and by them pressed into service. He was many times a member of the city council, always giving satisfaction to his constituency and showing an unflagging devotion to the general welfare of his native city. In 1870-71 he served as mayor of Augusta, and his administration was distin guished by conservatism, ability and faithfulness. Besides sug gesting many reforms in the administration of the municipal government, he was conspicuous in having formed and maintained at a high standard of efficiency a police force of admirable per sonnel. In his inaugural address, December, 1869, he alluded to the improvement and enlargement of the Augusta canal, the first

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suggestions put forth on this important subject. In the connection he said: The Augusta canal contains the germ of the future prosperity and growth of our community, and by increasing its capacity to the extent now known to be practicable we have within our reach the only means of adding to our personal wealth and population. When this scheme was finally executed, and he chanced to think of the past, he seemed happy in the recollection that during his official connection with the city government he had given this great measure his encouragement. He was a member of the Democratic national convention that nominated Samuel J. Tilden for the presidency, of the state convention that nominated Governor Colquitt, and at the time of his death he was chairman of the county Democratic executive committee." He was a member of the Episcopal church. Major Alien was married on Dec. 16, 1856, to Miss Elizabeth Simmons, second daughter of Dr. Joseph A. Eve, of Augusta, Ga. Of this union ten children were born, of whom five are living: Joseph Eve, Richard E., Celeste, Elizabeth Eve, Lucy R. The mother of these children died in 1888.

RICHARD E. ALLEN
Richard E. Alien, mayor of the city of Augusta and standing at the head of one of the oldest and most important insurance agencies in that section of the state, was born in Augusta, July 21, 1861. He is a son of Maj. Joseph V. H. and Elizabeth S. (Eve) Alien, both of whom were likewise born in the city of which their son is now the honored chief executive. A sketch of the fathers life appears elsewhere in this work. Richard E. Alien graduated from the Richmond academy, in Augusta, as a member of the class of 1878, and as a youth he was systematically trained for the cot ton business, with which he was actively identified for a period of four years after leaving school. The death of his father, how-

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ever, in 1883, caused a change in his plans. His father was founder and proprietor of the local insurance agency conducted tmder the title of J. V. H. Alien & Co., and when he was called from the scene of his lifes endeavors his two sons, Richard E. and the late George Henry Alien, assumed charge of the business. George H. died in 1885, and since that time Richard E. has been the sole owner of the agency, which is still conducted under the name of the original agency. The firm was established by his father just after the close of the Civil war, and the present office quarters, No. 737 Broad street, have been continuously occupied by the con cern for the past thirty-five years. Mayor Alien gives an une quivocal allegiance to the Democracy. For three years he repre sented the Second ward in the city council, and in 1903 was elected mayor of Augusta with but nominal opposition, assuming his executive duties in January, 1904. His term as mayor expires in January, 1907. His administration, fortified by intimate knowledge of municipal conditions and needs, through his membership in the council and by his mature judgment and progressive ideas, has stamped him as one of the best mayors the city has had, and his course has met with uniform popular approval and cooperation. A fine new city park, now in course of development, has been named "Alien Park" in his honor, by the unanimous vote of the city council. While yet mayor of the city he was chosen by the people of Richmond county to represent them in the state legis lature, for the term of 1907-8. He is recognized as one of the leading citizens of the community in which he resides, and is prom inently identified with a number of its most important business enterprises. Though his private affairs are extensive, he has always heartily responded to every demand which tended toward the devel opment and improvement of his native city and state. He is owner of valuable real-estate in Augusta and elsewhere in Richmond county, and no citizen is more loyal to the general interests of the community. He is president of the League of Georgia Municipal ities (1905-6) ; is a member of the Commercial club and Country club of Augusta; is affiliated with the local lodge, chapter, and commandery of the Masonic fraternity, being a past eminent com-

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mander of Georgia Commandery, No. 1, Knights Templars; and is also a member of the Ancient Arabic Order of the Nobles of the Mystic Shrine, and of the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks. He and his wife are communicants of St. Pauls church, Protestant Episcopal. On Feb. 25, 1896, Mr. Alien married Miss Lyclia C. Wadley, daughter of Moses and Mary J. (Clark) Wadley, of Summerville, a suburb of Augusta, and of this union have been born four children, of whom three are living: Richard E., Jr., Elizabeth E. and Joseph E., Jr. Sarah W. died in infancy.

ANDREW PERRY ALLGOOD
Andrew Perry Allgood was one of the prominent business men and honored citizens of Chattooga county, having maintained his home in Trion for a long term of years and for nearly forty years served on the bench of the inferior court. He was born in Laurens county, S. C., Nov. 23, 1816, and died at his home in Trion, Ga., Sept. 8, 1882, having lived a life of signal probity, integrity and usefulness. His parents were DeForrest and Alice Lawson (Barry) Allgood, the former of whom was born in Virginia and the latter in Laurens county, S. C., and he was a lineal descendant from Gen. Thomas Moore, of South Carolina, who was an officer in the colonial line during the war of the Revolution. The educational advantages of the subject of this memoir in his youth were lim ited to the country schools of his native county, but he did not fail in self-discipline in later years and became a man of broad and exact information along political lines. At the time of the Civil war he was exempt from military duty, as he was assigned to fur nish clothing to the soldiers, half of his product going to the Con federate government and the other half to himself. He was reared to maturity on his fathers farm, continued a resident of South Carolina until he had attained the age of twenty-one years, when

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he came to Georgia and located at Lafayette, Walker county, where he established himself in the general merchandise business in 1840, continuing there identified with this line of enterprise until 1845, when he removed to Trion, where he bought a tract of land and where he also became associated with his father-in-law, Spencer Marsh, and with Col. W. K. Briers in erecting a cotton mill. Two years later he purchased the interest of Colonel Briers and there after he and his father-in-law continued actively associated in the business until the death of Mr. Marsh, in 1875, after which Mr. Allgood remained sole owner and operator of the mill until he, too, passed away on Sept. 8, 1882, as already noted. He was suc ceeded by his son, DeForrest Allgood, who maintained charge of the factory until his death, in January, 1890, the enterprise having grown to one of importance within the intervening years. In the same year Alfred S. Hamilton, son-in-law of Mr. Allgood, Sr., organized a stock company for the purpose of carrying forward the business, and he is now president and general manager of the concern, which is incorporated as the Trion Manufacturing Com pany, and which represents one of the leading industrial enterprises of the town and county. Mr. Allgood was a stalwart in the camp of the Democracy and served as judge of the inferior court of Chattooga county from 1846 until his death, in 1882. Fraternally he was a Master Mason. On June 21, 1842, he was united in marriage to Miss Mary Marsh, of Lafayette, Walker county, a daughter of Spencer and Ruth (Brantley) Marsh, and of the six children of this union three are living: Mrs. G. B. S. Holmes, of Atlanta; Mrs. J. P. Cooper, and Mrs. John Ashley Jones, both of whom reside in Rome, Ga.

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DANIEL NEWTON ANDERSON
Daniel Newton Anderson who was closely identified with the banking and mercantile interests of Georgia for more than a quar ter of a century, was born at Marietta, Cobb county, Jan. 30, 1858, and passed the greater part of his life in the city of his nativity. His parents, William P. and Catherine (Askew) Anderson, were both born in the State of South Carolina, the former on Feb. 13, 1818, and the latter on May 15, 1824. Daniel N. Anderson received a liberal education and in early life became associated with bank ing and mercantile houses in Marietta, where he continued in those lines of activity for about twenty-five years, being one of the best known and most universally respected business men in Cobb county. In his political convictions Mr. Anderson was an unswerving Demo crat, and he took a commendable interest in public affairs, particu larly those of a local character. Although not a seeker for political preferment, he was frequently called on to serve in a public capac ity. For several years he was the city treasurer of Marietta; was for some time an active and efficient member of the city council, and from the organization of the Marietta public schools in 1894 until his death he was a member of the board of education. In all these official positions his duties were discharged with the same fidelity and conscientiousness that distinguished the management of his private affairs. Mr. Anderson was a member of the Episcopal church and was a liberal contributor to its good works. In fraternal circles he was identified with the Independent Order of Odd Fel lows, having been a member of Kennesaw Lodge, No. 13. On Jan. 17, 1888, Mr. Anderson was united in marriage to Miss Florrie George. His death occurred on April 26, 1903, and in his demise Cobb county lost one of her most valued citizens.

CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA
ALVIN C. APPLEBY
Alvin C. Appleby, cashier of the Merchants and Farmers bank,. Jefferson, Jackson county, is one of the well-known and popular citizens of this county, where he is serving his eighth year as clerk of the superior court and also as county treasurer. He is a native of Georgia, having been born in the city of Rome, Floyd county, June 10, 1852, a son of William D. and Mary E. Appleby, both of whom were born and reared in Jackson county. Mr. Appleby was educated in Martin institute at Jefferson, and thereafter took up his residence in the little city of Commerce, which was formerly known as Harmony Grove. There he was employed as a salesman in the hardware establishment of the Hardman Hardware Com pany for eighteen months, when he was appointed to the office of postmaster of the town, a position which he retained four years, under the second administration of President Cleveland. He served eight years as county surveyor of Jackson county, and for a sim ilar period has held both the office of clerk of the superior court and that of county treasurer. He is a stanch supporter of the Democratic party and of the principles and measures for which it stands sponsor. His long public service has gained him a wide acquaintanceship in this section of the state, where his friends are in number as his acquaintances. He is a member of the Baptist church, as is also Mrs. Appleby, and he is affiliated with the lodge and chapter of the Masonic fraternity. On May 16, 1878, Mr. Appleby was united in marriage to Miss Mary A. Williamson, daughter of George and Almeda (Jackson) Williamson, of Jackson county, and the names of the nine children of this union are as follows: McCarty, Lottie, Evelyn, Meda, George, Alva, Oscar, Hugh and Mary.

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WILLIAM SIMPSON ARMSTRONG, M. D.
William Simpson Armstrong, M. D., was one of Georgias dis tinguished physicians and surgeons and at the time of his death held the chair of anatomy and clinical surgery in the Atlanta medi cal college, of whose faculty he had been a member for many years. As a surgeon in the Confederate service in the Civil war his services were rendered most effectively and work of great responsibility devolved upon him. He was born on his fathers plantation in Wilkes county, Ga., Oct. 9, 1838, and was there reared to the age of seventeen years. He attended the private school con ducted by R. M. Wright, in Washington, and when Professor Wright assumed charge of the acadamy in Washington, young Armstrong continued his studies in that institution, after which he took up the study of medicine, under the preceptorship of Dr. J. H. Lane, of Washington. In 1857 he was matriculated in the Medical College of Georgia, at Augusta, where he took a course of lectures, after which he entered the medical department of the University of the City of New York, in which he was graduated as a member of the class of 1859, receiving the degree of Doctor of Medicine. He then returned to Washington, Ga., and entered upon the active practice of his profession, in which he there continued until the outbreak of the war between the states, in the spring of 1861. He then enlisted in the Irwin guards, which company was organized in Wrilkes county. He was mustered into service as a private, his company finally proceeding to Atlanta, where, on June 9, 1861, it became a part of the Ninth Georgia infantry, with which it proceeded to the valley of Virginia, where he remained until ordered with his command to join General Beauregard, with whose forces his regiment united at Manassas, on July 21, 1861, the day of the great battle at that place. He remained at that point until March of the following year, when his company, which was still composed of members of the old Irwin guards, was made an

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artillery company and transferred to General Pendletons artillery corps. In the same month the company was sent to Richmond, where it was drilled in artillery maneuvers. Soon after reaching that city, at the earnest solicitation of his. friends, Doctor Arm strong went before the board of medical examiners, passed a satis factory examination, was appointed surgeon and was assigned to the Second Georgia hospital, in Richmond. There he continued in service until the battle of Sharpsburg was fought, when he was ordered to Winchester, Va., where he took charge of the Taylor hospital. Later he was appointed to supervise all the hospitals at that point some six in number. He remained at Winchester until December, 1862, when he again reported at Richmond, where he was assigned to duty in examining conscripts at Montgomery, Ala. There he remained about two months, at the expiration of which he was transferred to Mobile, that state, where he was assigned to hospital duty and continued in service until the evacuation of the city, in March, 1865, when he placed his patients on board a vessel and carried them to Columbus, Miss., where he surrendered them somewhat later. He then returned to his home, in Wilkes county, Ga., where he remained until Nov. 28, 1865, when he removed to Atlanta, where he continued in the practice of his pro fession until his death. In. 1866 Doctor Armstrong was elected demonstrator of anatomy in the Atlanta medical college, and a year later he went to Europe, studying in London and Paris and widening his field of general and technical observation, in the mean time coming in contact with the greatest physicians of England and France. Upon his return he was elected professor of anatomy in the Atlanta medical college, which position he thereafter retained except for an interval of a few years during which he was retired from the chair by resignation. In 1890 clinical surgery was added to his chair and thenceforward he held the augmented professor ship. He was a member of the Medical Association of Georgia and of the Atlanta medical society, as well as the American med ical association, and was also surgeon of the Grady hospital. He was well-known in the medical world, having contributed numer ous articles to the leading medical periodicals, especially the Atlanta

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Medical and Surgical Journal. While a resident of Mobile, Ala., he affiliated with the Masonic fraternity, but he was not thereafter in active membership. He was a member of the Second Baptist church, as is also his widow. In 1869 Doctor Armstrong was united in marriage to Miss Myra Grant, daughter of Col. Lemuel P. and Laura A. (Williams) Grant. Her father died in Atlanta in 1893, having been the owner of what is now known as Grant Park, of Atlanta, a beautiful spot, which, with princely munificence, he donated to the city. Doctor and Mrs. Armstrong had two chil dren Laura L. and William B. He served fourteen-years as pres ident of the Atlanta board of health, resigning the office in January, 1893. He was a son of Francis Cavaisieur Armstrong, who was born in Savannah, Ga., in 1800, and whose parents removed to Wilkes county in 1812, leaving Savannah at the time of the British invasion. Francis C. Armstrong was a planter and was a man of prominence and influence at the time of his death, which occurred in 1876. His wife, whose maiden name was Frances Amanda Simpson, was a native of Georgia, where her entire life was passed. They became the parents of four children William S. is the subject of this memoir; Victoria is the wife of Frank Slater, and they reside in Wilkes county, on the plantation occupied by her mothers ancestors, who immigrated hither from Maryland prior to the war of the Revolution; Alice is unmarried; and James resides on the old homestead in Wilkes county. The paternal grandfather of Doctor Armstrong was James Armstrong, who was born in Hempstead, Wilkes county, Ga., and who was a son of James Armstrong, Sr., born in Hempstead, N. Y., where he married, becoming the father of two children. After the death of his wife he removed to Savannah, Ga. He subsequently located in Wilkes county, where he passed the remainder of his life, his death occurring in 1836. He became a successful planter and was one of the pioneer clergy men of the Baptist church in Georgia. His father, with twenty others, was killed by Indians, in New York state, the victims of a massacre, having been at the time in attendance at divine worship in a small church. Rev. James Armstrong was born after this sad event and was reared at Hempstead, N. Y., by a Presbyterian

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clergyman, Rev. Joseph Barbour. Doctor Armstrong was held in unequivocal confidence and esteem in both professional and social circles, and well merited the high regard in which he was held in the community in which he lived and labored to so goodly ends. He was summoned to the life eternal Feb. 11, 1896.

W. W. ASHBURN
W. W. Ashburn, a prominent capitalist and industrial promoter of Colquitt county, and an honored veteran of the Confederate service in the great Civil war, was born on the old family plantation in Surry county, N. C., Nov. 26, 1838. His opportunities to acquire an education were somewhat limited, but he improved them, obtain ing a fair business training, and was sufficiently well equipped to hold a responsible clerical position with a large mercantile concern at the time the Civil war broke out. He enlisted in the Twentyfirst North Carolina regiment, with which he served for about two years, when he was promoted to courier and scout on General Earlys staff, in which capacity he served until the close of the con flict. He participated in the battles of Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, Winchester, Cedartown, Gettysburg, Plymouth, N. C., and was in a number of skirmishes during the raids of Jackson and Early in the valley of Virginia. At Plymouth he was wounded and was near the immortal Lee on the day of the surrender at Appomattox. About the middle of April, 1865, Mr. Ashburn returned to his old home, to begin, like many another Southerner, the restoration of his fortunes. On May 16, 1865, he married Miss Anna P. Atkinson, daughter of Johnson Atkinson, of Caswell county, N. C., the young couple having been engaged for the last two or three years of the war. The only resources with which Mr. Ashburn and his bride began the battle of life were a small tract of unimproved land and a determination to succeed, but with

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this meager start he laid the foundations of a prosperous business career. In 1868 he engaged in buying and selling tobacco and stock in South Carolina and Georgia, and while in this business he dis covered the vast possibilities of the "piney woods," or, as he has often been heard to express it, the "garden spot" of Georgia. In 1871 he removed his family to Eastman, Ga., where he engaged in the mercantile business, continuing in this line and in buying tim bered lands during the next ten or twelve years. About 1882 he became interested in the production of naval stores and lumber, in which he was quite successful for a period of about eight years, during which time he became the owner of several large tracts of land, which he determined to hold for farming purposes, selling the timber, as well as his manufacturing interests. About this time the Georgia Northern railroad was constructed to Moultrie, and this town and its institutions, Mr. Ashburn took an active part in upbuilding. Of this period of his career the Moultrie Observer says: "One of the first men to get a vision of Colquitt countys future was Mr. W. W. Ashburn, a wealthy turpentine operator and merchant of Eastman. As far back as 1886 he was attracted by the vast timber resources of the county and purchased nearly 30,000 acres of valuable lands that were well timbered. * * * When the Georgia Northern road was constructed to Moultrie and a boom was felt in the town and county, Mr. Ashburn came here and took an active part in the booming and building of Moultrie and also an active interest in the countys development. He organ ized the Moultrie Banking Company at a time when money was a scarce product and that institution has been linked with every step of development in the county." In this line of commercial enter prise his previous experience came into play, as he had been the organizer and for some years president of the Citizens Banking Company of Eastman. The Moultrie Banking Company was organ ized with a capital of $25,000, with Mr. Ashburn as president and his son-in-law, Z. H. Clark, as cashier, and the concern has been one of the most successful banks in all south Georgia. Mr. Ash burn obtained a charter for the Tifton, Thomasville & Gulf railroad, now a part of the Atlantic & Birmingham system, in the construe-

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tion of which he made a considerable financial sacrifice by selling his timber to the railroad promoters for smaller price than he had been offered for it by other parties. The building of this road has been of inestimable value to Moultrie and Colquitt county, by open ing an outlet to the seacoast and to the west at the same time. For some time after Mr. Ashburn first went to Moultrie his family continued to reside in Atlanta. In 1899 he removed the members of his household to Moultrie in order that he might give his undi vided attention to his large interests in that portion of the state. He is now interested in a number of enterprises in south Georgia and elsewhere, among them being railroads, cotton mills, lumber mills, manufacturing concerns and the manufacture and sale of naval stores, as well as large agricultural undertakings. He was honored by the people of Dodge county, Ga., where he lived for a number of years before moving to Atlanta, by an election to the office of county treasurer and also represented the county in the legislature, serving on important committees, where his business training gave him a grasp of public questions that was fully appre ciated by his fellow legislators. His real-estate operations have extended into Wilcox, Dooly, Worth and Colquitt counties, Ga., and into the state of Florida. Mr. Ashburn is a Democrat in his political convictions, is a member of the Masonic fraternity, in which he has attained to the Royal Arch degree, and is a member of the Baptist church. He has four daughters and a son. Ella May is now Mrs. Lee B. Jones; Ida Belle is Mrs. Park Harper; Lizzie is Mrs. Z. H. Clark; and Willie Warren is Mrs. F. R. Pidcock. All the sons-in-law are business men of fine qualifications, known and respected all over the state, and the son, Howard Ash burn, is a bright and intelligent young business man, having inher ited much of his fathers natural ability.

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ALFRED BAKER
Alfred Baker, for more than three score years an honored citizen of the city of Augusta and a man noted for his broad benevolence and philanthropy, was born in Warren county, Ga., Feb. 8, 1811, and died at Summerville, the beautiful suburb of Augusta, on June 16, 1896. He was a son of Edwin and Nancy (Darden) Baker, and a grandson of John and Pattie (Harris) Baker, of Vir ginia. John Baker and his two brothers served with distinction in the American array during the Revolutionary war, and Edwin Baker was for many years a member of the Georgia legislature from War ren county. Alfred Baker located in Augusta in 1829, when he took a position in the large mercantile house of Bridges & Gibson. Here he soon gave evidence of the fine business qualifications and in domitable energy which characterized his subsequent life and made him one of the wisest, most careful and reliable financiers of his time. Not alone were his wisdom and foresight applied to the achievement of personal success, but he was deeply interested in the improvement of the city of his adoption. As to his benefactions he was so reserved and reticent that few, even of his most intimate friends and associates, ever knew all of his many acts of generosity, for he gave as the "Lord had prospered him," not permitting the right hand to know what the left hand had given. In one work of a philanthropic nature he was perhaps more deeply interested than in any other, and that was the education of worthy young men and women. Quite a number of boys and girls owe their schooling to the generosity of Mr. Baker, and still a larger number received as sistance from him in this connection. He seemed to realize that the welfare of the state depends on the intelligence and education of its citizens, and in assisting young people to acquire an educa tion he was actuated purely by patriotic and unselfish motives. After some years in Augusta Mr. Baker became associated with W. P, Rathbone in the wholesale grocery business. Concerning this

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era in his business career Charles C. Jones says in his History of Augusta: "They did a large and successful business for many years, but finally retired in 1860. In the meantime Mr. Baker en gaged in the manufacture of flour, and was proprietor of the Para gon Mills until they were destroyed by fire in 1863. During this period he was also a leading director in the Mechanics bank." Ow ing to his age and a delicate constitution, Mr. Baker was denied the privilege of taking an active part in the Civil war, but his sym pathies were with the South and he evinced his loyalty to the cause of the Confederacy by organizing and equipping a company of young soldiers, who entered the army as the "Baker Volunteers." Of this action on the part of Mr. Baker the Confederate Military History says: "He furnished the uniforms and equipments, except arms, in full, and while the company was organizing and drilling, a period of time extending over several months, he fed the men, and after they went into active service he watched over them with great interest, often sending them supplies of food and clothing. To the families of these soldiers during their absence he gave at stated intervals flour from the mills which he owned in the city." The company acquitted itself nobly during its long and arduous service, and when the end came with the surrender of Gen. Joseph E. Johnston at Goldsboro, N. C., April 26, 1865, there were few of the original members of the company left, many having been killed, wounded and captured. The last captain of the company, Rev. Dr. T. R. Kendall, of Owensboro, Ky., wrote that Mr. Bakers memory was greatly revered by the officers and men of the company. Re ferring again to Jones History of Augusta, this mention is made of Mr. Bakers career after the war: "In 1870 he organized the National Exchange bank of Augusta, of which he has since been president. This financial institution, has a paid up capital of $250,- : 000, and is recognized as one of the most substantial and solid .; banking houses in this part of the country. In 1875 he established ; the Augusta Savings bank for the benefit of small depositors, to encourage saving, of which he has also been president since its or ganization. This savings bank has enjoyed a remarkable career of prosperity. Besides his interest and connection with the cor-

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porations named, Mr. Baker is a director and large stockholder in the Georgia Chemical Works. In all of his business ventures Mr.. Baker has achieved well deserved success. He possesses excellent business judgment, is careful and judicious in the management of his affairs, and is prompt and straightforward in all things. He en joys the full confidence of the business community, both as to bus iness ability and integrity of character. Few of the business men of Augusta have been longer in business life, and throughout his long career he has maintained an unblemished record." This encomium by one who knew him well is no doubt a true index of his character and shows the esteem in which he was held by those with whom he was associated the most intimately. Mr. Baker continued as president of the two banks that he founded, as well as the Bon Air Hotel Company, until the day of his death. His aggressive energy, his pertinacity, and his versatile abilities made him a leading spirit in every enterprise in which he became interested, while his abso lute honesty and love of fair play, led his associates to fully trust him in the management of large undertakings and won for him the respect of his competitors. In religious matters he was a practical Christian one who carried the precepts of the Golden Rule and the Ten Commandments into his daily life. For many years he was active in promoting the work and influence of the First Presby terian church of Augusta. The character of his work in connection with this congregation is shown by the following extracts from the "Memorial of the Centennial Anniversary of the First Presbyterian Church," published in 1904. Speaking of conditions in the year 1872, the Memorial says: "From this time on Mr. Baker was a prominent figure in church affairs, and one of the present office bearers has written this of him, Mr. Baker, as a deacon and trustee of the church, was for many years one of our most valued members. He was an active and prime mover in the purchase of the magnificent pipe organ that now adorns the church. The year 1887 was marked by a financial crisis in our church. For several years there had been a shrinkage in the receipts from the pew rents. Repairs had been necessary in the church and parsonage, and the result was that from a floating debt of $1,000 the churchs liability
3

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had increased to $11,000. There seemed to be no alternative but to execute a mortgage and bond the church; indeed such was the advice of many of the best business men in town. The necessary papers were drawn up and would have gone into effect in a weeks time, when a protest against the action (of the pew holders) was made by Mr. Alfred Baker. He, with one or two other gentlemen, went before the Ladies Sewing Society in the Telfair Building, entreating those present to assist him in influencing the members of the church to pay the debt, and not allow the property to be mortgaged. Mr. Baker then offered to head a subscription for this purpose with a donation of $1,000. This sum he afterward in creased to $1,250." The ladies at once took the matter up and many gentlemen followed, some of whom were not even regular attend ants of the church. The debt was liquidated and the property saved from mortgage. But it was not altogether in such matters as providing pipe organs and paying off the indebtedness of the church that Mr. Bakers Christianity was made manifest. For every dollar he gave in this way the probabilities are he spent a much larger sum in the education of some worthy young man or woman, or in bringing comfort to the homes of the deserving poor. One of the few of Mr. Bakers contemporaries still left untouched by the Grim Reaper bears this personal testimony to his worth: "For sixty years I knew him intimately, and a truer, better friend never lived to those who knew him well." In many respects he was a remarkable man. Although he passed the eighty-fifth mile stone on Lifes highway he never seemed willing to shake off the burdens of responsibility. His bodily strength was impaired in the last years of his life, but his mind was clear and forceful to the last. Like ripened grain he was ready for the reaper, and when the summons came to join the "silent majority" he sank to rest at his post of duty.

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ROBERT BATTEY, M. D.
Robert Battey, M. D., one of Americas distinguished physicians and surgeons and one of Georgias prominent and honored citizens, died at his home at Rome, Floyd county, in 1895. He was born in the city of Augusta, Ga., Nov. 26, 1828, a son of Cephas and Mary (Magruder) Battey, the former born in the state of New York and the latter in Augusta, Ga. Doctor Battey was afforded good educational advantages of an academic nature and in 1847 located in Rome, where two years later he ini tiated his career as a druggist. In 1855 he entered the analytical chemical laboratory of Prof. James C. Booth, of Philadelphia, Pa., and in the following year was graduated in the Philadelphia col lege of pharmacy. In 1857 he was graduated in Jefferson medical college in the same city, receiving his degree of Doctor of Medi cine. His rapid advancement in technical education indicated those rare powers of concentration, assimilation and close applica tion which so significantly marked his splendid professional career. In 1857 he was also graduated in the obstetrical institute of Phila delphia. In 1859 he performed a new and important surgical oper ation in the city hospital of Dublin, Ireland, the result being that he thus early established an international reputation as a surgeon. He was elected an honorary member of the obstetrical society of Edinburgh, Scotland, at this time, having passed the years 1859-60 in the schools and hospitals of Europe, while principally in the city of Paris did he exemplify his original methods of surgical opera tion. In July, 1861, insistently loyal to the cause of the Confeder ate States of America, he became a. member of the Nineteenth regiment of Georgia volunteer infantry and was made senior sur geon of Hamptons brigade; for a time he held a similar position in Archers brigade and later was surgeon in charge of the Fair ground hospital, at Atlanta, and the Polk hospital, at Rome. He also did efficient service in a similar capacity at Vineville, Ga.,

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and Lauderdale, Miss., and at the close of the war he was in charge of the hospitals at Macon, Ga. In 1866 he performed a wonderful surgical operation, by means of which he cured a false anchylosis of the hip. In 1873 he became corresponding editor of the Atlanta Medical and Surgical Journal, and soon afterward was made its chief editor. For two years he filled the chair of obste trics in Atlanta medical college. At Rome, in 1872, he first per formed an original operation known as Batteys operation for pro ducing the artificial change of life to remedy an otherwise incur able disease in the domain of gynecology. He also introduced a new remedy, "Iodized Phenol." In 1882 he established at Rome an infirmary that soon obtained widespread fame and attracted pa tients from all sections. Doctor Battey remained connected with this institution until his death, and his renown is that of one of the greatest of American surgeons. In his life work he was assisted at all times and in all operations by his wife, whose devotion to her husbands profession and to her family of which latter she assumed full charge, in order to afford him greater time and oppor tunity to devote to his great and humane mission is recognized by all who know her. She still resides in Rome, surrounded by de voted and appreciative friends, besides members of her immediate family. In December, 1849, Doctor Battey was united in marriage to Miss Martha Baldwin Smith, daughter of Hon. William and Elizabeth (Mayo) Smith. Her father was born in Hall county, Ga., in 1808, a son of Robert Smith, a son of Charles Smith, who was a member of a Virginia regiment in the war of the Revolution, after the close of which he came to Georgia and located near Gainesville. William Smith was one of the pioneer residents of Rome, Ga., hav ing located in Floyd county in 1828. He represented this county in the state legislature and it was mainly due to his efforts that Rome was afforded railway connections. He was a.chivalrous, up right man and useful citizen, commanding the unequivocal confi dence and esteem of all who came within the sphere of his influence. Mrs. Battey was his only child. Concerning the chil dren of Dr. and Mrs. Battey the following is a brief record: Mrs. Grace Bayard is a widow and resides in the city of Atlanta; W. C.

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is engaged in the real-estate business at Myers, Fla.; George M. is a resident of Atlanta; Mary A. King is a widow and resides in Rome; Dr. Henry H., of Rome, is the leading physician and sur geon of northern Georgia and is well upholding the professional prestige of the honored name which he bears; he was graduated at Harvard university and passed three years in professional study in Vienna, Paris and London; Bessie is the wife of Rev. M. L. Troutman, of Atlanta, a clergyman of the Methodist Episcopal church South; and Mrs. E. C. Creighton is a resident of Atlanta. Mrs. Battey, widow of the honored subject of this memoir, has twentyone grandchildren and two great-grandchildren.

GEORGE L. BELL
George L. Bell, one of the representative members of the Atlanta bar, was born in Gumming, Forsyth county, Ga., March 10, 1857, a son of Hiram P. and Virginia (Lester) Bell, the former born in Jackson county, Ga., in 1827, and the latter in Lawrenceville, Gwinnett county, in 1833. George L. Bell completed his lit erary education at Emory college; afterwards he took up the study of law and was admitted to the bar in 1877. He was thereafter engaged in the practice of his profession at Gumming, Ga., until 1893, when he accepted the position of assistant United States district attorney for the Northern district of Georgia under President Cleveland. He resided in Gainsville, Ga., from 1893 un til 1897 and now lives in Inman Park in the city of Atlanta. While in. office Mr. Bell conducted the prosecution of many important felony cases for the government, possibly the most notable of which were the famous Murray county "Whitecap" cases, as they were called. The technical charge against these defendants was conspiracy and their trials were watched with great interest by the public. They were convicted without a single exception. On

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Dec. 9, 1905, Mr. Bell resigned his position as United States dis trict attorney to enter the general practice of law with C. L. Pettigrew and his son Clarence Bell, the firm name being Bell, Pettigrew & Bell. In 1888-89 he represented Forsyth county in the lower house of the state legislature and was assigned to the im portant committees on judiciary, corporations and ways and means. He is an ardent advocate of the principles of the Democratic party and is identified With the Atlanta Athletic club and the Kappa Al pha college fraternity. By his fearlessness, honesty, and unquali fied loyalty and devotion to his friends Mr. Bell has endeared him self to a large acquaintance and especially is he esteemed by the bar of the state who recognize him as an able lawyer and an elo quent advocate. Both Mr. and Mrs. Bell hold membership in the Methodist Episcopal church South. On Nov. 22, 1881, Mr. Bell was united in marriage to Miss Helena Jones, daughter of Thomas H. and Susan (Hoyle) Jones, of Norcrosse, Ga. They have four children: Louise; Clarence; Jennie Sue and George L., Jr.

ALBERT F. BELLINGRATH
Albert F. Bellingrath, who is at the head of the Bellingrath Plumbing Company, of Atlanta, and secretary of the master plumb ers association of the city, was born in Atlanta, April 22, 1867. He is a son of Albert and Mary G. (McMillan) Bellingrath, the former born in Lennep, Rhenish Prussia, and the latter in Quincy, Fla. The father was born in the year 1838, and came to America in 1852, locating in Fayetteville, N. C., where he worked at the trade of coppersmith. In 1856 he removed to Atlanta, which was then but a small city, and entered the employ of the Georgia Railroad Com pany, with whose operation he remained identified until 1866, save for a period during the Civil war, when he was detailed for service in the manufacture of alcohol and spirits of nitre for the Confed-

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erate government. In 1866 he became associated with his brother Leonard and Calvin W. Hunnicutt in the steam-heating and plumbing business, under the firm name of Hunnicutt & Bellingrath, and they built up a large and prosperous business, which they continued until 1902. Albert Bellingrath died on Jan. 7, 1903, honored by all who knew him and justly entitled to recognition as one of the pioneer business men of the "Gate City." His widow still resides in Atlanta, and of their eight children six are living. Albert F. Bellingrath, subject of this sketch, was afforded the advantages of the public schools of his native-city, having been graduated in the Boys high school, as a member of the class of 1884, and later was a student in the University of Tennessee. In June, 1884, he became associated with the plumb ing business established by his father and thus continued for one year. From June, 1887, until June, 1888, he was employed in the office of the city engineer of Atlanta, after which he returned to his fathers establishment for the purpose of finishing his practical apprenticeship at the plumbing trade, with all details of which he thoroughly familiarized himself and became a skilled artisan. Thereafter he was employed at the city water works for one year, having charge of the tapping and repair ing work, taking this position in order to gain further expe rience. He then became superintendent for the firm of which his father was a member and retained this position seven years. In 1897 he formed a partnership with John F. Clemmons, with whom he was associated in the general plumbing business until 1900. In September of that year he established the Bellingrath Plumbing Company, of which he is president and general manager, and under his effective administration the concern has built up in this line a business which is one of the best in the city. Mr. Belling rath has been particularly active in the upbuilding of the master plumbers association and in 1904 was elected secretary of the same, a position of which he remains in tenure at the time of this writing. He is also state vice-jpresident for Georgia of the Na tional Association of master plumbers, and was a delegate to its convention in San Francisco, in 1903. Incidentally he found a large

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delegation from Missouri who urged upon the association the pro priety of holding the next convention in the city of St. Louis, but though Mr. Bellingrath was the only delegate from Georgia, so effectively did he present the claims and attractions of Atlanta that he gained to this city the convention of the association in June, 1905, the newspaper press stating that-this noteworthy work was accomplished largely through his effective oratory on the convention floor. In political matters Mr. Biellingrath accords an unswerving support to the Democracy, and both he and his wife are members of the Georgia Avenue Presbyterian church, in which he is an elder. Fraternally he is identified with Barnes Lodge, No. 55, Independent Order of Odd Fellows, and Chippewa Tribe, No. 50, Improved Order of Red Men. From 1889 to 1894 he was a member of the Atlanta Artillery, in which he held the office of cor poral. On June 10, 1896, Mr. Bellingrath was united in marriage to Miss Lillian Council, daughter of George W. and Gallic (Barwick) Council, of Americus, Ga., and the children of this union are George C, Mary Alberta, and Albert F, Jr.

CHARLES FRANK BENSON, M. D.
Charles Frank Benson, M. D., is one of the prominent and rep resentative members of his profession in the city of Atlanta and is now president of the board of health of the capital city. Dr. Benson was born at Aiken, S. C., July 28, 1861, and is a son of Charles Fastbender and Elizabeth Fitzsimmons (Trotti) Benson, the former of whom was born in Charleston, S. C., March 13, 1839, and the latter of whom was born in Aiken, that state, Feb. 38, 1843. The father of the doctor tendered his services in support of the cause of the Confederacy at the inception of the war between the states, enlisted in November, 1861, as second lieutenant, Company E, known as Pickens Rangers, Martins regiment of South Caro-

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lina coast guards, and continued in service until the close of the war. He took part in the battle of Port Royal and in the latter part of the war served under Gen. Joe Wheeler, having been a member of his staff at the battle of Aiken. Doctor Benson was afforded the advantages of the public schools of Atlanta, where he also became a student in Means high school. He studied medicine under the preceptorship of Dr. William S. Arm strong, of this city, and then entered the Atlanta medical college, in which he was graduated as a member of the class of 1882, duly receiving his degree of Doctor of Medicine. He has since been engaged in active practice in the capital city, where he has gained distinctive recognition as a skilled physician and sur geon and as a close student of his profession. For three years after his graduation he was demonstrator of anatomy in his alma mater, the Atlanta medical college. In 1897 he was elected a mem ber of the Atlanta board of health, of which he served as secretary for three years, of which he is now president. As a member of this important body he has rendered specially efficient, discrimi nating and valuable service. He is a member of the American medical association, the Georgia medical association and the Ful ton county medical society. He is affiliated with the Masonic fraternity and the Independent Order of Odd Fellows and both he and his wife hold membership in the Trinity Methodist church. On Oct. 11, 1893, was solemnized the marriage of Doctor Benson to Miss Stella Clare, daughter of Elias Reuben and Jane Florida (Redding) Carr, of Atlanta, and they have two children, Ruth Carr, born Sept. 21, 1899, and Charles Frederick, born June 21, 1903.

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MARION TROTTI BENSON, M. D.
Marion Trotti Benson, M. D., is one of the representative young physicians and surgeons of the city of Atlanta, having his office headquarters in suite 501-3 Century building. He was born in Atlanta, Feb. 29, 1877, a son of Charles F. and Elizabeth F. (Trotti) Benson, the former born in Charleston, S. C., March 10, 1839, and the latter in Aiken, S. C., Nov. 8, 1841. The father was a valiant soldier in the Confederate service during the Civil war. He enlisted in 1861, became second lieutenant in Pickens Rangers, of the First South Carolina mounted infan try and continued in active service until the close of the war. He took part in some of the important engagements which marked the progress of the great conflict between the states. The mother was a daughter of Dr. Lawrence J. and Ann Elizabeth (Collins) Trotti. Doctor Benson completed a course in the high school at Lake Weir, Fla., after which he became a student in the Georgia military college, at Atlanta, and later attended the Uni versity of Florida, at Lake City. In 1900 he was graduated in the Atlanta college of Physicians and Surgeons, receiving his well earned degree of Doctor of Medicine. In April of the same year he entered upon the active practice of his profession in the capital city, where he has met with gratifying success. He is a member of the medical staff of the Kings Daughters hospital; is con sulting physician of the Georgia Baptist orphans home; and is identified with the Medical Association of Georgia and the Fulton county medical society. In a fraternal way he is affiliated with Fulton Lodge, No. 32, Independent Order of Odd Fellows; Connesaugo Tribe, No. 23, Improved Order of Red Men; and Great Atlanta Tent, No. 10, Knights of the Maccabees. In politics he gives his allegiance to the Democracy and his religious faith is that of the Baptist church.

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EDWARD J. BERRY
Edward J. Berry, clerk of the superior court of Ware county, is one of the well known and popular citizens of Waycross, the at tractive judicial center of the county. He was born in Lexingtori, S. C., Dec. 16,1869, a son of Francis C. and Sarah C. (Higgs) Berry, the former born in Charleston, and the latter in Brunson, S. C. The father followed the vocation of school teaching throughout his active career and was a successful and well known educator. He was engaged in pedagogic work in South Carolina until 1881, when he removed to Georgia, and died at Waresboro, July 13, 1905. The mothers death occurred Jan. 21, 1903, at Waresboro. Francis C. Berry enlisted in the Confederate army at the time of the Civil war, served under Beauregard, in and about Charleston, S. C., and later as clerk in the quarter-masters department in that city. Edward J. Berry was educated in the public schools of Georgia, and was employed as a bookkeeper until 1899, when he was elected county school commissioner . of Ware county, in which office he rendered most effective service, remaining the incumbent of the same until 1901. He has served as clerk of the superior court of Ware county since May, 1901, having been twice elected as his own successor. He is a Democrat in his political allegiance and both he and his wife are members of Trinity church, Methodist Episcopal South, in Waycross. He is affiliated with Waycross Lodge, No. 305, Free and Accepted Masons; Blackshear Chapter, No. 9, Royal Arch Masons and St. Augustin Commandery, Knights Templars; Wakefield Lodge, No. 27, Knights of Pythias; Waycross Lodge, No. 97, Independent Order of Odd Fellows, both of Waycross. On Dec. 11, 1894, Mr. Berry was united in marriage to Miss Nettie M. Cason, daughter of J. Alfred and Nacy J. (Mizell) Cason, of Ware county, and they have three children, namely: Era J., born June 13, 1897; Ruby I, born Dec. 23, 1898; and Edwin J., born Dec. 25, 1901.

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THOMAS L, BISHOP
Thomas L. Bishop has gained prestige as one of the able and successful members of the bar of the capital city of the state and has been identified with much important litigation in the Fed eral and state courts. He was born in Newton county, Ga., Nov. 17, 1861, and is a son of Charles and Martha (Sprayberry) Bishop, both natives of Georgia, the former born in Jasper and the latter in Putnam county. His father entered the Confederate service at the outbreak of the Civil war, having enlisted, in May, 1861, as a private in Company _ B>, Fifty-third Georgia in fantry, and having remained in service until the close pf the war. The subject of this sketch was afforded the advantages of the ex cellent public schools of the city of Atlanta. After leaving school he took up the study of law under the preceptorship of Hon. Julius L. Brown, of this city, and he was admitted to the bar June 19, 1885, in the Fulton county superior court. On April 30, 1890, he was admitted to practice before the supreme court of Georgia, and on the 10th of the following December was admitted to prac tice in the United States circuit and district courts. He has been continuously engaged in the practice of his profession in Atlanta and has been concerned in some of the most important litigations in Fulton county, being known as an able trial lawyer and a well fortified counselor. He served as agent for the Atlanta property of ex-Governor Joseph E. Brown from 1881 to 1894, in which lat ter year the Governors death occurred. He accords a stanch al legiance to the Democratic party but has held no public office save that of member of the board of education of Atlanta, in which capacity he served in 1888-9. He is a Knight Templar Mason and is also affiliated with the Knights of Pythias, the Im proved Order of Red Men, and the Knights of the Golden Eagle, which latter he represented as grand chief of the state organization and also as supreme representative. On Jan. 13, 1886, Mr. Bishop

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was married to Miss Stella Thomas, daughter of William M. and Elizabeth (Sanford) Thomas, of Alabama, and they have three children, Julius B., George T. and Nina.

HENRY BLUN
Henry Blun has been identified with the business interests of Savannah for half a century and is one of the citys honored citizens and representative men, being at the present time president of the Germania bank, one of the solid financial institutions of the state. He was born in the historic old city of Worms, Germany, May 20, 1833, coming of old-time and stanch German stock. He was afforded the advantages of the excellent schools of the fatherland, including the gymnasium, which is equivalent to the American high school. When of proper age to take up his military training, in accordance with the custom of his country, he met disappointment, in that he was rejected on ac count of imperfect eyesight. In 1853, at the age of twenty years, he immigrated to the United States, passing the first year in New York city, where he was employed as junior bookkeeper in an of fice. In the autumn of 1854 he conceived the idea that men were needed in Savannah, Ga., where an epidemic of yellow fever had decimated the working classes. In December of that year he ar rived in that city, in which he was destined to achieve so note worthy success and prestige, though at that time his fortification for the battle of life was principally represented in self-reliance, honesty of purpose and a determination to make the best of his opportunities. In view of his standing to-day none can doubt that his equipment was altogether adequate. He soon found a chance to enterbusiness, and for a brief interval he was associated with Thoinas J. Walsh in the auction and commission business. In 1857 he formed a partnership with M. H. Meyer in the same line

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of enterprise, and by close application and honorable methods suc cess of no indefinite order soon crowned his efforts. At the in ception of the war between the states he gave his allegiance unreservedly to the cause of the Confederacy, and his services in behalf of the same were of valuable order. He was a member of the German volunteers in service at Fort Pulaski, Tybee and Wilmington islands, afterward being identified with the Savannah ar tillery under Capt. George L. Cope, stationed at Fort Jackson, now known as Fort Oglethorpe. This fort was then garrisoned by the Savannah Blues and the Savannah artillery, and at that time it was inspected by Gen. Robert E. Lee, who was in command of the coast defenses of Georgia, South Carolina, and Florida. The coast service had a very debilitating effect, and in 1864 Captain Blun was granted a furlough of six months, with the understand ing that he might take his sloop, "Maggie Blun," loaded with cot ton for the State of Georgia, to Nassau, New Providence. The trip was an eventful one, two of the men being lost on the third day out, one of whom was Capt. Peter Doyle, of Savannah. It thus devolved on Captain Blun to continue the battle with the waves and bring the little vessel into port if possible. After the passing of a week he safely reached Nassau, in company with one companion. From that point he went to Europe, having been entrusted with important dispatches for the representatives of the Confederacy in London and Paris, Messrs. Mason and Slidell. This voyage and a visit to the parental home restored him to health, and in October, 1864, he came on the blockade-running steamer, "Banshee," to Wilmington, N. C. The trip from Ber muda to the mouth of the Cape Fear river was uneventful until the vessel was near the entrance of the river, when the Union fleet began sending messages in the shape of shot and shells. For tunately no damage was wrought, and at three oclock in the morning the "Banshee" reached a point behind Fort Fisher, whose commander, General Whitney, made a visit to the vessel. Those on board were detained on the boat two weeks, in the lower bay, by reason of having come from an infected port, and when finally permitted to land Captain Blun returned to his home in Savannah,

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where he soon afterward secured a commission from Governor Brown to take charge of a company of Home Guards, with rank of captain. While with his command guarding arsenals and storehouses of the government Captain Blun was taken prisoner, but as he was at the same time in charge of the affairs of the Ger man Fire Company in Savannah, he was granted a parole, which he observed until the final surrender of General Lee and the dis solution of the Confederate government, when he, with many others, took the oath of allegiance to the Union. He then re sumed his business alliance with Mr. Meyer, with whom he con tinued to be associated until 1870, when he associated himself with the late George W. Wyley and R. M. Demere in the private bank ing business, under the firm name of George W. Wyley & Co. This firm was dissolved in 1873, and was succeeded by that of Blun & Devere, who continued the business until 1878. Captain Blun then withdrew and established a private banking business which was succeeded, in 1890, by the present Germania bank, of which he has been president frorn the start. The bank was in corporated with a capital stock of $50,000, which has gradually increased to $300,000. The institution has paid dividends from the start and it to-day owns the fine .bank and office building in which its headquarters are maintained, at the corner of Bull and Congress streets, the building having been erected at a cost of $360,000. The Germania bank and its handsome building stand to-day as a monument to the business acumen and far-sightedness of one of Savannahs citizens who has never failed to do all in his power to advance the interests of the city. Captain Blun is identified with several local clubs of business and social nature and is a life member of the Savannah board of education. Since 1867 he has advocated the protective policy, and he is aligned with the Republican party so far as national issues are involved, having been a Georgia representative of this party on the Blaine and the Roosevelt electoral tickets. He and his family are communicants of the Catholic church. On April 1, 1861, he was united in mar riage to Miss Catherine Savage, daughter of Michael and Cather ine (Stafford) Savage, of Savannah, and the children of this union

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are as follows: Augusta, wife of Dr. Matthew F. Dunn, of Savan nah ; Mary, wife of H. Clay Miner, of New York city; Henry, Jr., present postmaster of Savannah; and_ William Stafford, Katharine E. and Walter Savage, the last named of whom is a student in the University of Virginia.

WILLIAM F. BOWE
William F. Bowe is one of the leading contractors of Augusta and is here identified with enterprises of an important order. He was born in the city which is now his home, Aug. 9, 1855, a son of Robert J. and Jane A. (Hussey) Bowe. He attended private schools in Augusta until he was fourteen years of age, when he began an apprenticeship at the trade of brick-mason and plast erer under the supervision of his father, and becoming a skilled workman as was his father before him. At the age of twenty-one years he became a general brick contractor on his own responsi bility executing large and important works, and in later years he combined his business of municipal work contractor with the business of his father-in-law, Theo. Markwalter, so well known for his skill in general stone work as well as for his uprightness and integrity coupled with a most amiable disposition. He has built up a most successful business and is thoroughly known as a con scientious and reliable contractor throughout a large territory adjacent to Augusta. He always assisted in everything for the upbuilding and progress of his city. He was a private in the famous Company B, Oglethorpe infantry, Georgia militia, and par ticipated with them in their triumphant drills. Afterwards, when that organization was merged into the Clarke light infantry, he was lieutenant and continued his active interest until his tem porary change of residence severed the connection. He was for many years an active member of Mechanic Fire Company, independ-

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ent volunteer fire department, one of the crack organizations of the state, and bore a prominent place in the annual contests of skill. His office, stone and marble works are located at No. 541 Broad street. Mr. Bowe is also secretary, treasurer and general manager of the Georgia Rough and Cut Stone Company and the Lithonia Crushed Stone Company, both of Augusta. Recently he had the contract for the execution of the stone and marble work in the magnificent building of the Georgia railroad bank, whose board of directors voluntarily passed a resolution of thanks for the pains taking care with which the work was executed. He has executed by contract almost all of the municipal work in his home city for the past fifteen years and the different administrations have never had any contention with him, but have universally recommended his work. He is a past master of his lodge, member and past high priest of the Grand Chapter, Royal Arch Masons of Georgia, an offi cer of the Grand Commandery of Knights Templars of Georgia; a noble of the Mystic Shrine; corresponding secretary for Georgia of Quatuor Coronati Lodge, No, 2076, London, England, and a member of the board of trustees of Masonic hall, Augusta. He is also a member of the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks. On Nov. 23, 1882, he was united in marriage to Miss Dorothea A. Markwalter, daughter of the late Theodore Markwalter of Au gusta, and they have three children Robert F., William F., Jr., and Augusta Erdman.

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JOHN H. BRADLEY, M. D.
John H. Bradley, M. D., a successful physician and surgeon of Macon, was born at Monticello, Jasper county, Ga., Nov. 25, 1875, a son of John W. and Mary L. Bradley, the former born at what is now known as Bradley, Jones county, Ga., April 3, 1855, and the latter at Monticello, Aug. 26, 1855. John Bradley, Sr., grandfather of the doctor, was born in 1832 and- died in May, 1900. He was frequently put forth as the man to defeat factions and keep in harmony the Democratic party, and to assist in bringing out some eligible candidate to represent the county in the legislature, as he never cared to personally accept nomination for such office. He served his county as sheriff for ten years, and also did effective work as a county reporter to the department of argiculture, having been a Successful farmer and a man of influence in his community. He married Miss Ann G. Franks, daughter of Wiley Franks, and was one of the few Unionists in Georgia at the time of the Civil war. John W. Bradley, Jr., in whose honor the station and postoffice of Bradley, Jones county, were named, is a prom inent farmer and merchant of that place, being held in high esteem as a successful business man and public-spirited, progressive citizen. He married Miss Mary L. Greer, daughter of John R. Greer. She died on April 3, 1888, and was buried in Bradley cemetery. John R. Greer, maternal grandfather of Dr. Bradley, was known for his energy, integrity and influence. He was one of the prominent Democrats of Jasper county and worked hard to futher the interests of his party and to secure to his county the best men for the various official positions. He was a great friend to the poor and distressed and was one of the few who knew how to appreciate a friend. He married Miss Mary McMichael, of Jasper county, where they con tinued to reside until their death. Dr. Bradley was one of a family of six children, and of the number only three are living. Daisey Anna, was born March 24, 1878, and died Nov. 4, 1880. Rev. Will-

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iam J., born April 2, 1883, received the degree of Bachelor of Arts from Mercer university, and in the University of Chicago he has taken the degrees of Bachelor of Arts, Master of Arts and Doctor of Philosophy, having been awarded a scholarship in that university without request on his part. He is ordained as a clergyman of tl e Baptist church and has been preaching the gospel since his seven teenth year. He is a model young man and one of fine intellectual attainments. The other brother, Otis B., was born May 9, 1885, is a student in the Georgia military college, at Milledgeville, holding the rank of captain, and it is his intention to enter West Point to continue his military education. Two children died in infancy. Dr. J. H. Bradley secured excellent educational advantages in a preliminary way and then became a student in Mercer university, where he remained two years, after which he was associated with his father in mercantile and agricultural enterprises until 1893, when he took up the study of medicine, finally being matriculated in the Louisville medical college, Louisville, Ky., in which he was graduated with the degree of Doctor of Medicine, March 30, 1897, having been elected treasurer of his class and doubling his op ponent in number of votes. He practiced his profession one year at Bradley, his home town, and then removed to Dublin, Laurens county, where he remained in practice for six years, being most successful in his work. He was a member of the board of health of the county and also of the Laurens county medical society. In Oct., 1903, he removed to Macon, where he has built up an excel lent professional business, limiting the same to chronic diseases and office work. He has the best modern X-ray apparatus and other electrical devices, also the electrical bath equipment, super heated air baths and facilities for the most effective skiagraphic work, so that he is well prepared for the treatment of the special diseases to which he devotes particular attention. In addition to his suite of offices he has about twelve well appointed rooms for sanatorium purposes, and has been granted the satisfaction of in dubitable success from the start. He is the sole owner of his san atorium and general office outfit and maintains the direct super vision and management of all departments of his work and bus-

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iness. Such time as is not demanded by the direct work of his profession is devoted to his sanatorium. Arrangements are under way for the enlargement of its facilities, utilizing a site which is one of the highest points about the city, one of the healthiest places in Georgia and, in fact, in the entire South. The new san atorium is to be supplied with the most modern and approved facilities and accessories, massage, electrical, bath, gymnastic, medical, etc., and is to be operated on a large scale. Ample op portunities will be afforded for effective outdoor exercise and for securing pure, fresh air elements of insistent value in the main tenance or improvement of health of body and mind. He is a member of the American medical association, the American elec tro-therapeutic association, the Medical Association of Georgia and the Macon medical society, and is medical examiner for several life-insurance companies. He is affiliated with the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks, and the Beavers. Like all other members of his family, he holds to the faith of the Methodist Episcopal church South. On Oct. 18, 1899, Doctor Bradley was united in marriage to Miss Floy Lucile Hilton, of Sylvania, Ga., a daughter of James and Mary Hilton, and of this union were born two sons John Huron, born in Dublin, Nov. 19, 1900, and Archibald Jennings, born in Macon, March 19, 1903, and died May 5, 1903. He is buried in Macon, Ga. Dr. Bradley visits the larger cities each year in pursuance of his study and electrical work, and his special labor in 1905 in this line was a post-graduate course in the Chicago school of electro-therapeutics. Sept. 19-21, 1905, he attended the convention of the American electro-therapeutic association, at the Academy of Medicine in New York city.

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SIMEON BRINSON
Simeon Brinson, a well-known farmer and real-estate dealer of Birinson, Decatur county, was born at Albany, Dougherty county, Ga., March 14, 1847. His parents, Adam and Catherine (Hodges) Brinson, were both natives of Georgia, the former having been born in Burke county in August, 1812, and the latter in Bulloch county. Thus it will be seen that the family has been identified with the fortunes of the "Empire State of the South" for almost a century. Adam Brinson was a soldier in the war with the Seminole Indians. In early manhood he removed from Burke county and settled near the present city of Albany, where he died in the year 1859. Owing to the scourge of the Civil war, Simeon Brinson was deprived of the opportunities to acquire an education in his youth. He attended the home schools until he was about sixteen years of age, when he took up arms in defense of the Con federacy. In November, 1862, he enlisted as a private in Company E, Fifth Georgia cavalry, and shared the fortunes of that com mand until the close of hostilities. He was with the gallant and dashing Gen. Joe Wheeler in all the engagements of that officers cavalry from Kennesaw mountain to the surrender of Gen. Joseph E. Johnston, near Greensboro, N. C, in April, 1865. Mr. Brinsons regiment was with Wheeler at the time of the surrender, though he was cut off from his command and was not present. At the age of eighteen years he began the battle of life under somewhat adverse circumstances. The war left the South in a devastated, but not an absolutely hopeless, condition, and young Brinson, like others of his comrades-in-arms, turned his attention to the rebuild ing of his shattered fortunes. How well these men succeeded their present condition shows. The traveler through Georgia at the present time sees no traces of the great internecine conflict of forty years ago, but on every hand beholds evidences of energy and prosperity, due solely to the unconquerable spirit of the South-

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ern people. After the war came the dark era of reconstruction, which in many respects was as bad as actual war. During this period Mr. Brinson stood firmly for the peoples rights and inter ests, and aided to a great extent in freeing his county and state from the baleful influences of negro rule, that had been inaugu rated by the "carpet-bag government." In his political affiliations he has always been an unswerving advocate of Democratic prin ciples, with a firm belief that local self-government is the keystone of our institutions. He has full confidence in the ability of the American people to control their local affairs, and that this con fidence has been returned may be seen in the fact that Mr. Brinson has been repeatedly called on to discharge the duties of public positions of trust and responsibility. For several terms he filled acceptably the office of tax receiver for Decatur county; he has served on the board of education and as jury commissioner, and in all these positions has won the plaudits of his fellow-citizens by his competent and conscientious administration of the affairs entrusted to his charge. In his private business he has been suc cessful through the exercise of a sound judgment and his indom itable industry. He is a member of the time-honored Masonic fraternity, and since nineteen years of age has been a supporter of the Methodist Episcopal church South, in which denomination he has held the office of steward for thirty-six years. Mr. Brinson has been married three times. His first wife, to whom he was united on Nov. 13, 1866, was Miss Sarah E. Smith, daughter of Jackson and Sarah (Burton) Smith, of Schley county, Ga. To this union was born one son, Jason H. Brinson. The second marriage occurred on April 18, 1875, when Miss Hattie E., daughter of W. W. and Rachel (Chambliss) Russell, became Mrs. Brinson. This union was blessed by two sons and two daughters, viz.: Simeon R. Brinson, now editor of the Bainbridge Search-Light;Dr. H. H. Brinson, a practicing physician at Brinson; Mrs. R. L. Z. Bridges, and Miss Bertha Brinson. On March 11, 1885, Mr. Brinson married Miss Margaret Herring, daughter of Hanson and Amy (Anders) Herring, of Decatur county, but originally from North Carolina.

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DR. GEORGE BROWN
Dr. George Brown was born in Belton, Anthony county, S. C, July 16, 1863, a son of Dr. William Carroll Brown, a physician who practiced in this town for twenty-five years. Dr. Carroll Brown was a member of the Wallace house of representatives in 1876, and was a man of affairs in his state. Dr. George Browns mother was Hannah Louisa Dean, a daughter of Rev. Charles Pickney Dean, and Anna Louisa Horton, of Alexander county, S. C. Rev. Mr. Dean was a Baptist minister for many years, and was well known throughout the Piedmont section of Carolina. Dr. George Browns grandfather, Charles Mackay Brown, was a native of Rabun county, Ga., and was the father of United States Senator Joseph E. Brown, Judge. James R. Brown, Dr. Aaron P. Brown, Mrs. John H. Boston, Mrs. Mary Watkins and Mrs. Berryman Turner, of Georgia. He was a soldier of the War of 1812, served in General Carrolls brigade of Tennessee troops at the battle of New Orleans, and of the seven men killed in the battle on the American side, two were in his company. Dr. Browns great grandfather, Joseph Brown, was a soldier of the Revolution, and fought under Morgan at Kings Mountain, Camden, Cowpens and Cheraw. In early life Dr. George Brown, after attending the high schools at his home, at tended the North Georgia agricultural college at Dahlonega. After the death of his father he went west, and was engaged in the railroad service, assisting in the construction of the Mexican National railroad, and other lines in Mexico for five years. Re turning to the United States, he graduated in 1892 at the Southern medical college, Atlanta, Ga., as valedictorian of his class. He accepted a position in the office of Dr. Thomas R. Powell, presi dent of the Southern medical college, where he remained for over a year. He then attended the post graduate and polyclinic medi cal schools in New York for eighteen months, and returning to

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Atlanta, entered the office of Dr. Arthur G. Hobbs, the well known throat specialist, with whom he remained for several years. Soon after his return he was elected surgeon of the Gate City Guards, the most prominent military organization of the South at that time. Since that time Dr. Brown has practiced medicine in Atlanta as a specialist on diseases of the throat. He has been successively secretary and vice-president of the American con gress on tuberculosis; secretary and president of the American anti-tuberculosis league. In his administration as president of this league the largest meeting ever held in North America was held at Atlanta, Ga., April 19-20-21, 1905. It was attended by the most prominent physicians from different parts of the globe, and resulted in much good for humanity. Gov. J. M. Terrell kindly tendered to Dr. Brown the use of the state capital for the purpose of holding this meeting, the first time such a compliment had ever been paid to a medical body in the Southern states. In 1902 Dr. Brown was appointed one of the American delegates to the British congress on tuberculosis, held that year in London. He was the recipient of many attentions while in that city; was presented to the king; attended receptions at the lord mayors, the Earl of Derbys, the Duchess of Northumberlands, Sir James Whittakers and Lady Ellis. Doctor Brown is a member of the American medical association, American public health association, the TriState medical society, the Georgia state medical association, the Association of Military Surgeons of the United States, and the Fulton county medical society. In 1902 he was appointed lieu tenant-colonel and aide-de-camp on the staff of Gov. Alien D. Candler, and served in that capacity until the expiration of Gov ernor Candlers term, at which time he was transferred to the line department of the troops and appointed lieutenant-colonel and as sistant surgeon-general by Gov. J. M. Terrell. In that capacity he served until December, 1905, when he was appointed to the position of colonel and surgeon-general of the National Guard of Georgia, which position he holds at the present time. In 1905 Doctor Brown was appointed a member of the executive commit tee of the International medical society to aid in the suppression

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of war, organized in Paris, France, under the presidency of Dr. J. A. Riviere, chevalier of the Legion of Honor, and editor of the Annales of Physicotherapie. At present Doctor Brown is organ izing an American association of this society, which association he will head at the next congress of the association to be held in Paris in 1907. Doctor Brown is a member of the Washington Continental Guard of New York, one of the oldest military asso ciations in the United States, having originally been formed as a body guard to Gen. George Washington during the Revolution ary war, and its members comprise only those who can trace their descent directly from the Revolutionary soldiers. He is, and has been for many years, a member of the Army and Navy club of New York city. In 1904 he was the author of the bill which was passed by the Georgia legislature appointing a state commis sion on tuberculosis to inquire into the best means for preventing the spread of consumption in the state of Georgia. For personal reasons he declined to accept an appointment on this body, Gov ernor Terrell insisting that he name fifteen of the members com posing it. This commission has been engaged since its appoint ment in the fight against tuberculosis in this state. At the break ing out of the Spanish-American war Doctor Brown was one of the first to offer his services, but the question of rank having arisen, he declined the appointment offered him by Governor Atkinson and saw no active service.

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ALEXANDER CAMPBELL BRUCE
Alexander Campbell Bruce holds precedence as one of the skilled, successful and prominent architects of Atanta, and has had to do with professional work of wide scope and importance. He is a native of the Old Dominion, having been born at Fredericksburg, Va., March 16, 1835, and, as the name clearly indicates, he is a scion of stanch Scottish stock of distinguished order. His father was Robert C. Bruce, a direct descendant of Bruce, Earl of Elgin. His mother, Mary, was a daughter of James Young, of England. Alexander C. Bruce was afforded the advantages of the common schools in his youth, and was twelve years of age at the time of the family removal from Virginia to Nashville, Tenn., where he received an academic training. Under the able direction of his father he also gained thorough experience in con nection with the trade of carpenter and builder, at the same time taking up the study of architecture, under the direction of H. M. Ackeroyd, a prominent English architect who was then em ployed in connection with the construction of the most important buildings in Nashville. This initial instruction in the art and science of architecture Mr. Bruce received more especially in the direction of designing and construction of public buildings, and he has ever continued to make a specialty of this important feature and. branch of his profession. At the close of the Civil war he located in Knoxville, Tenn. He designed and superintended the erection of a number of court houses and other public buildings in that section, among them being the court house at Chatta nooga. In the spring of 1879 he removed to Atlanta, where he be came a member of the firm of Bruce & Morgan, which immediately assumed a leading position in connection with the architectural profession in Georgia, designing some of the most important pub lic and private buildings not only in this state but in those ad joining. Mr. Bruce has gained recognition as one of the foremost

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architects of the entire South and has a professional reputation coextensive with that section of the national domain. His firm has planned and erected over twenty court houses in the states of Georgia, Tennessee, Alabama, Florida and North Carolina. In addition to this have been designed and erected Federal buildings, city halls, churches, hotels, jails, business blocks, nearly 400 res idences, fifteen bank buildings, thirty college buildings and schools, four public libraries, passenger stations and other structures, all of which remain as monuments of the technical ability and high character of the firm of which Mr. Bruce is a member. A number of the finest buildings in Atlanta were designed by Mr. Bruce, in cluding the Georgia school of technology, the county court house, the high school and the Kiser law school. He utilizes to a large extent the Italian renaissance style of architecture, seeks stately proportions and simple, graceful lines rather than over-ornamen tation, using projecting porticos, flat roofs, rather than steep ef fects, with much mill work, inconsequential towers, etc., thus ad mirably consulting the needs of the South and observing utmost consistency in all his work, giving special thought to sanitary con ditions, effective lighting, ventilation, etc. During the last de cade, as senior partner of his firm, he has had to do with the designing of a number of Atlantas "skyscrapers," notably the Prudential, Empire, and Century buildings, and he feels that his labors in the past years entitle him to retire from the more active work of his profession in the near future, by reason of which animus he has recently caused his name to be placed on the re tired list of the American institute of architects, of which he was long an active member, being now on the roster as an honorary member, having reached the required age limit. He is also a member of the American social science association. In politics he accords a stalwart allegiance to the Democratic party, and has represented the fourth ward in the city council for the past two years, having been elected without opposition. He and his wife hold membership in the First Christian church of Atlanta, in which he is an elder. On Nov. 2, 1865, Mr. Bruce was united in mar riage to Miss Jane H. Hagen, daughter of William H. and Jerusha

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(Bland) Hagen, of Nashville, Term., and in conclusion is entered brief record concerning their three children: William H., born Dec. 28, 1866, is a resident of Louisville, Ky.; Robert C., born Nov. 16, 1868, resides in Atlanta; Mary L., born Sept. 1, 1871, is the wife of Benjamin F. Cobb, of Atlanta, and they have two children Mary Brace Cobb, born in May, 1895, and Bruce Cobb, born in July, 1899.

ALBERT REESE BURDETT
Albert Reese Burdett, the present mayor of N-ewnan, Coweta county, and one of the representative citizens and business men of that thriving city, was born in Washington, Wilkes county, Ga., Dec. 20, 1851, a son of Thomas Jefferson and Almeda (Murphy) Burdett, both born in Wilkes county. The father served in the state militia during the Civil war and his entire active career was devoted to his plantation enterprises, in which he was very successful. He died in 1878, in Meriwether county, and his wife survived him by many years, passing away in 1893, in the same county. They became the parents of five children John, Simpson, Thomas, Albert R. and Lucy. They were devoted members of the Missionary Baptist church. Albert Reese Burdett received his early educational discipline in his native county, completing his academic training under the tutorship of Professors Looney and Candler, the latter of whom later became governor of the state. Albert R. Burdett was reared to the life of the home plantation and in 1873 he took up his residence in Newnan, where he was employed in a clerical capacity for two years, at the expira tion of which he engaged in the cotton business on his own re sponsibility. He is the owner of a large warehouse and controls an extensive business as a buyer and shipper of cotton, being also the owner of a well improved plantation in this county. He is a

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stanch adherent of the Democratic party, and he has made his in fluence felt in a local way as a progressive and public-spirited citizen. His personal popularity in his home city is of the most unequivocal order. He served one year as a member of the board of aldermen, one year as city clerk, and has been continuously the incumbent of the office of mayor since the time of his first elec tion, in 1898, excepting one term. In January, 1906, he was in stalled again as mayor, for a term of two years, being his own successor. He manifests the deepest interest in all that concerns the welfare of his city and county and has done much to further the advancement and prosperity of Newnan. He served as lieutenantcolonel on the staff of Governor Atkinson, holding this office four years.

CHARLES HENRY CALDWELL
Charles Henry Caldwell, of Bainbridge, founder of the Flint River Lumber Company, and prominent in railroad and real-estate operations, may aptly be termed a "man of affairs." He was born at Greenville, Butler county, Ala., Nov. 26, 1864, a son of Henry Martyn and Elizabeth (Milner) Caldwell, the former born at Greenville, Ala., Sept. 5, 1836, and the latter at Barnesville, Ga., Nov. 14, 1841. Henry Martyn Caldwell was a physician of considerable eminence prior to the Civil war. When the war broke out he entered the Confederate service as a soldier in the line, but the Confederate government, appreciating the high order of his medical information, and his established reputation as a physician, lost no time in promoting him to the rank of surgeon. He built and for a time had charge of the Confederate hospital at Greenville, thus showing his zeal for the Southern cause and the philanthropy of a noble hearted man. At the time of his death he was one of the wealthiest men in the state of Alabama, his estate consisting chiefly of valuable property in the city of Birmingham

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and the extensive saw-mills at Greenville. For twenty years he was president of the Elyton Land Company, which originally platted the town that is now the city of Birmingham. Charles H. Caldwell was educated in the common schools of his native town and began his business career in early life. He has inherited his Worthy fathers talent for dealing with large undertakings and his success has been steady and cumulative. In 1895 he located at Bainbridge, Ga., where he inaugurated the Flint River Lumber Company and erected the magnificent mills that have ever since been in successful operation. He is also interested in the operations of the Caldwell Real Estate and Improvement Company, of Bir mingham, Ala., of which he is president, and is a director of the Georgia, Florida & Alabama railway. Mr. Caldwell is generally recognized as being one of the most enterprising and public-spirited citizens of Bainbridge, and it is no disparagement to other citizens of that thriving town to say that he is one of the chief mainstays of its prosperity. In his personal associations he is popular with all classes of his fellow-citizens, because while working for his own interests he has not been unmindful of the rights and welfare of others and it is the general concensus of opinion in Bainbridge that he is a sincere Christian, a faithful friend and a chivalrous gentleman, as well as a thorough going business man. Mr. Cald well is a member of the Presbyterian church, in which he is popular with the membership and a generous contributor to its good works. He was married on Oct. 19, 1887, to Miss Ida Lee Treadwell, daughter of Bertie DeKalb and Marcia Elbertina (Holmes) Treadwell, of Memphis, Tenn. No children were born to this union and Mrs. Caldwell passed to her home beyond on June 17, 1905.

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JOHN W. CALLAHAN
John W. Callahan, of Bainbridge, one of the most prominent men in Georgia in the production of naval stores, and who has large and varied capitalistic interests, was born in Montgomery county, Ga., Nov. 27, 1858, his parents being Thomas and Jane (Guest) Callahan. The Callahan family were early set tlers in Bladen county, N. C., where the paternal grandfather of John W. was reared. He died in Montgomery county, Ga., at the age of sixty-six years. Thomas Callahan was born in Bladen county, about 1832, but the exact date of his birth is un known. His parents removed to Montgomery county, Ga., when he was a child and here he grew to manhood. In 1861 he en listed in Company E, Sixty-first Georgia regiment, in the army of the Confederacy, and was killed at the battle of Fredericksburg, Va., Dec. 13, 1862, being about thirty years of age at the time of his death. In that battle his company was commanded by Lieut. Thomas N. McRae. The maternal grandfather, Ben. Guest, was born and reared in Montgomery county and was killed while serv ing as a soldier in the Confederate army in the Civil war. He was about forty-five years of age, though the records of his birth and death have not been preserved. John W. Callahan has always been a resident of Georgia and his native state has been the field of his business operations. He was reared on the farm until he reached the age of nineteen years, when he went into a general store as a clerk and remained with that firm for seven years. He then engaged in mercantile pursuits on his own responsibility and continued in that line for three years, when he sold out and em barked in the naval stores business. His first venture in this di rection was in Dooly county, near Cordele, (now the county seat of Crisp county) where he spent four years, at the end of which time he purchased a large interest in timbered lands in Decatur and Early counties and removed to Bainbridge. Mr. Callahan

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is now one of the largest producers of naval stores in the pine belt; has extensive operating interests in both Georgia and Florida, as well as large factorage interests; is a stockholder and director in the J. P. Williams Company, of Savannah; a stockholder in the Consolidated Naval Stores Company; is interested in banking operations and the wholesale grocery trade, and has been spoken of as "one of the most popular men among southern captains of industry." Being a firm believer in cooperation among those en gaged in any line of enterprise, he was one of the original mem bers of the Turpentine Operators association, and was recently elected for the fourth time to a place on the executive committee of that organization, where his technical knowledge, the result of long experience and close observation, renders him a man of usefulness and influence. On June 30, 1885, Mr. Callahan was united in marriage to Miss Hattie E., daughter of T. W. and Sarah C. (Tatum) Johnson, of Scotland, Telfair county, Ga. Her father was born in Bladen county, N. C., July 11, 1841; was reared on the farm and educated in the common schools; married Miss Sarah C. Tatum on Aug. 1, 1861; enlisted in Company H, (Capt. Daniel Patterson) Thirty-sixth North Carolina heavy artillery, in December, 1862; was detailed to the signal service in July, 1863, and remained in that branch of the service until the end of the war. In 1873 he was licensed as a local preacher in the Metho dist Episcopal church South; removed to Georgia in March, 1877, locating near Eastman, Dodge county; later went to Dublin, Laurens county, in 1883 to Telfair county, and in 1895 to Early county, now residing at Blakely. He is a son of William and Elizabeth A. (West) Johnson, the former born May 15, 1812, and the latter July T, 1822. William Johnson was of Scotch and Welsh descent on the paternal side and of French extraction on the ma ternal. His mothers family were somewhat noted for their longevity, his grandfather, William Pridgen, a soldier of the Rev olutionary war, having lived to the advanced age of one hundred and twenty-three years. Elizabeth A. West was the daughter of William and Hannah (Fowler) West. Mrs. Callahans mother is a daughter of Richard and Catharine (Edge) Tatum, and was

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born in Bladen county, N. C, May 2, 1845. Richard Tatum was born in North Carolina about 1797 and died in 1870. He was a son of Jesse Tatum, who was a descendant of one of two brothers who settled in Virginia in the early part of the eighteenth century, one of whom drifted south and the other to the northwest, where some of his descendants are still to be found. Mr. and Mrs. Callahan became the parents of four children. The first born, John W., Jr., died at the age of fourteen months. The others are Mamie Bessie, Willie May and Wesley Johnson. Although Mr. Callahan is a busy man he nevertheless finds time to enjoy the comforts of his home and the society of his wife and children, to whom he is deeply attached.

REV. BRANTLEY MERCER CALLAWAY, D. D.
Rev. Brantley Mercer Callaway, D. D., who died at the old Callaway homestead in Wilkes county, Ga., Sept. 22, 1902, was a dis tinguished Baptist minister and one of the leading and most influential members of his denomination in the state. He was born Nov. 24, 1838, on the plantation in Wilkes county, where he lived all of his life, and which was settled by his grand father, John Callaway, at the close of the Revolutionary war in 1783. He was the youngest child of Rev. Enoch and Martha (Reeves) Callaway, the former born on the same planta tion, Sept. 14, 1792, and the latter in South Carolina April 8, 1796. Rev. Enoch Callaway was a prominent Baptist minister. His en tire life was passed in Wilkes county where he was the pastor of a number of churches besides serving other churches in adjoining counties. He was an extensive planter and his life was one of signal honor and usefulness in all of its relations. He was a man of marked piety, sound judgment and intense religious zeal. He was an earnest impressive preacher, a contemporary of the Mar-
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shalls and Mercers, prominent and influential, not only in his re ligious denomination, but in all the affairs of his home county. He died in 1859 and his wife in 1879. Enoch Callaway was the youngest son of John and Bethany (Arnold) Callaway, the form er born in Halifax county, Va., about 1748, and the latter in North Carolina about 1750. John Callaway was a soldier of the Continental line during the war of the Revolution, having en tered the army either in Virginia or North Carolina. His father, Thomas Callaway, was the eldest of a family of seven children, and was born in Virginia in 1712. He was a vestryman in an Episcopal church at Halifax Court House, Va., in 1752, and an ensign in a regiment in the French and Indian war that com menced about 1753 or 1754. He afterwards lived in Bedford county, Va., then removed with his family to North Carolina, and from there, at the close of the Revolutionary war, four of his sons, John, Jacob, Joseph and Isaac, removed to Georgia and settled in Wilkes county, John Callaway settling the plantation where his grandson, the subject of this sketch lived and died. He was a very successful farmer and acquired a great deal of land in the western portion of Wilkes county. He died in 1819 and his wife survived him until 1841, reaching the ripe age of ninety-one years, both being buried at the old family burial ground on the planta tion which he settled and where both his youngest son Enoch and his grandson Birantley M. were born and passed their entire lives. The plantation still belongs to the widow of the subject of this memoir, having passed successively by wills from John Callaway, the settler, to the present owner. Dr. Brantley M. Callaway at tended a country school near his home, taught by his brother-inlaw, Rev. Thos. N. Rhodes, until he was seventeen years old -when he entered Mercer university then located at Penfield in Green county, Ga. He completed the junior course there and leaving college taught school for a time in Wilkes county. On Jan. 11, 1859, he was married to Miss Lucy B. Howard, a daughter of Robert and Mary (Glenn) Howard, of Oglethorpe county, Ga. She was born in that county, Nov. 1, 1837. Robert Howards parents were Abel and Mary (Glenn) Howard, the mother being

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the daughter of John and Mary (Brooks) Glenn. Both the How ards and the Glenns came from Virginia and settled in Oglethorpe county, shortly after the close of the Revolutionary war. Imme diately after his marriage, Brantley M. Callaway went to Gainesville, Ga., where he taught school for a year. He had to leave there and return to Wilkes county on account of the failing health of his father. After his fathers death he made Wilkes county his home, taking up his residence on the place where his father had died, and engaged in farming on his plantation which he carried on successfully until his death. He was ordained as a Baptist minister in 1859 when barely twenty-one years of age, and re mained in the active ministry serving with fervor and consecra tion to the day of his death. On the day of his fatal illness preceding the night of his death he preached to one of his churches and performed the ordinance of baptism. He served as pastor for various country Baptist churches in Wilkes and adjoining coun ties ; his pastorate usually covering a long period of years, the longest being dark-Station church, forty-three years, and Sardis church, over thirty years, both being in his home county. While his ministerial labors were confined principally to his immediate section of the state and to country churches, he never hesitated to go wherever duty called and his work for his Masters cause and his denomination kept him frequently going to all parts of the state. Where his chief labors were performed he was universally loved and respected by the people of all classes. He not only preached to them, baptized them, performed their marriage cere monies and buried their dead, but he drew their wills, helped man age their estates, settled their difficulties, and advised and coun seled them in their temporal as well as their spiritual affairs. No cry of trouble or distress ever failed to arouse his compassion, his active aid and sympathetic interest. He was a strong man phy sically as well as intellectually, full of activity and energy and managed all business affairs entrusted to him with prudence and good judgment. Hewas preeminently a just man and sought to find and perpetuate the truth at all hazards. These qualities fre quently called him into positions of trust. For over twenty years

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he was a trustee of Mercer university and for the last six years of his life he was the president of its board of trustees. This insti tution conferred upon him the degree of Doctor of Divinity. He was also at the time of his death a trustee of the Monroe Baptist female college and of the Georgia Baptist orphans home. He was clear, logical and convincing in support of any cause which he espoused and was a wise counsellor and generous friend. He took an active interest in all county and state affairs, and while he never sought political preferment, nor was he in any sense of the word a politician, he was a strong factor in his county on all questions and issues affecting the public welfare, and his advice was sought and followed in many public matters. Dr. Callaway left surviving him, his wife, Mrs. Lucy B. Callaway, and six chil dren, three of whom, Anna, Edgar A. and Brantley M., reside in Wilkes county. Judge Enoch Howard Callaway, individually mentioned in this compilation, and Miss Ellen Callaway, reside at Augusta, Ga., and William R. Callaway lives in Waynesboro.

ENOCH HOWARD CALLAWAY
Enoch Howard Callaway, lawyer and jurist, is engaged in the practice of his profession in the city of Augusta, having formerly served on the bench of the superior court for the Augusta circuit and being an ex-member of the state senate. He was born at the old Callaway homestead in Wilkes county, Ga., July 19, 1862, son of Rev. Brantley M. Callaway, D. D., and Lucy B. Howard. A memoir of the former appearing in this publication, a recapitula tion of the personal and genealogical data is not demanded in the present connection. Judge Callaway attended a country school near his fathers home taught by Rev. Thos. A. Nash, until four teen years of age. He then worked two years on his fathers farm, and in January, 1879, entered the sophomore class of the

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University of Georgia at Athens, where he was graduated with third honor as a member of the class of 1881, receiving the degree of Bachelor of Arts. After his graduation he taught as assistant in the Waynesboro academy until January, 1883. He then taught a country school in Wilkes county near his fathers home until the fall of 1883, when he was elected principal of the male academy in Washington, Ga. This position he held until the fall of 1884 when he abandoned teaching and entered the law office of Judge William M. Reese, as a law student. He was admitted to the bar at Crawfordville, Ga., in August, 1885, by the late Judge Samuel Lumpkin, who was then on the superior court bench. He served his profes sional novitiate in Waynesboro where he engaged in practice in October, 1885. There he formed a partnership with Judge E. F. Lawson, which continued until 1893 when he retired from the firm and formed a partnership with his younger brother, W. R. Callaway, who had read law in his office. He rose rap idly to prominence in his profession and acquired a large practice, which continued until 1894, when he was elected by the legis lature judge of the superior courts of the Augusta circuit at the age of thirty-two years. In January, 1897, he removed to the city of Augusta where he has since maintained his home. He retired from, the superior court bench in January, 1899, and re sumed the active practice of his profession in Augusta. In April, 1905, he entered into a professional partnership with Judge Joseph R. Lamar upon the latters retirement from the bench of the state supreme court. Judge Callaway has been and remains a leader in the councils of the Democratic party in his state. He was chair man of the Democratic executive committee of Burke county for six years; several times a member of the Democratic state com mittee, and in 1888 was a presidential elector on the party ticket. He served as mayor of Waynesboro in 1890; represented the sev enteenth district in the state senate in 1890 and 1891; was a di rector of the Georgia normal and industrial college for girls, at Milledgeville, from 1899 to 1901; was a trustee of Mercer univer sity in the city of Macon from 1900 to 1901; and is at the present time (1906) a trustee of the Shorter Baptist female college, the

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University of Georgia, the Georgia medical college, and the Au gusta orphan asylum, and is president of the Alumni society of the University of Georgia. He is a deacon in the Baptist church and is affiliated with the Masonic fraternity. On Feb. 23, 1888, Judge Callaway was united in marriage to Miss Mary Eugenia Jones, daughter of Maj. George and Catharine (Calhoun) Jones, of Newnan, Ga. Mrs. Callaway departed this life Dec. 3, 1901, leaving three children, viz.: Catherine, Brantley, and Gena J. Callaway. Perhaps Judge Callaways most distinguished public service was on the bench of the superior court. His administration was char acterized by extraordinary diligence and promptness in the trial of cases and the discharge of public business. His rulings and decisions, expressed always in clear and vigorous language, evinced not only a high sense of fairness and justice, but a thor ough and comprehensive knowledge of the law. He is an earnest advocate of efficiency and supremacy in government and the sup pression of all forms of lawlessness, especially mob law, and is proud of the fact that during the four years he was on the bench there was not a successful act of mob violence within his circuit. Since his appointment as a trustee of the state university in 1901, he has been most active and zealous in aiding all measures directed to the enlargement and development of the university. He was elected president of the university Alumni society in June, 1905, and since the death of the late Chancellor Hill has been promi nently mentioned in connection with the chancellorship of the university.

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JAMES Y. CARITHERS
James Y. Carithers, a prominent business man of Athens, presi dent of the Athens Electric Railway Company and representative of the twenty-seventh district in the state senate, was born in India, Walton county, Ga., April 13, 1854, a son of Hugh A. and Mary A. (Griffith) Carithers, the former born in Madison county, Ga., July 14, 1827, and the latter in that portion of Clarke county which is now included in Oconee county in the year 1831. Hugh A. Carithers served in the state militia during the Civil war, and represented Walton county in the state legislature from 1880 to 1888, being a citizen of prominence and influence in his section of the state. After attending the common schools of his native county James Y. Carithers continued his studies for a time in the Martin institute in Jackson county. Since 1880 he has been en gaged in the mercantile and cotton commission business in Athens, where he has identified himself most intimately and helpfully with local interests, being one of the^ progressive and public-spirited citizens of this attractive little city. He was prominently concerned in the carrying forward of the undertakings of the Athens Elec tric Railway Company, of which he is a large stockholder and of which he has been president since 1896. He has large landed inter ests in Walton, Oconee, Greene and other counties in northeastern Georgia, and is doing much to forward the agricultural interests of this favored section of the state, while he is also identified with the manufacturing of cotton in Athens. In politics Mr. Carithers is aligned as a stalwart supporter of the principles and policies of the Democracy; has served as a member of the board of aldermen of his home city, and on April 20, 1904, was elected to represent the twenty-seventh senatorial district in the state senate, said district comprising the counties of Clarke, Oconee, Walton, Newton and Rockdale, and is the largest senatorial district in the state. He is a member of the Baptist church and is affiliated with the Masonic

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fraternity, including the Ancient Arabic Order of the Nobles of the Mystic Shrine, and with the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks, the Knights of Pythias, the Improved Order of Red Men and the Independent Order of Odd Fellows.

WILLIAM ALEXANDER CARLTON, M. D.
William Alexander Carlton, M. D., one of the representative physicians and surgeons of Athens, was born in that city Dec. 12, 1847, being the second in order of birth of the six children of Dr. Joseph Barnett and Emma (Moore) Carlton, viz.: Julia E., who is still living; Allura H., who died in infancy; William A., the subject of this sketch; Joseph H., who is still living; Emma Leila, who is the wife of Hon. Charles L. Bartlett, member of Congress from the Sixth Congressional district of Georgia; and Dr. James M., who is deceased. Dr. Joseph B. Carlton was born in Greene county, Ga:, Dec. 11, 1822, and his wife in Gwinnett county, Jan. 13, 1826. He was a son of James R. and Elizabeth (Espey) Carlton, the former of whom was born in King and Queen county, Va., in 1795; his death occurring in Athens, Ga., Aug. 10, 1888, at the patriarchal age of ninety-three years. Elizabeth (Espey) Carlton was born in Oglethorpe county, Ga., and was a descendant of one of the pioneer families of Pennsylvania. James R. Carlton was a son of Elijah Carlton, a Scotch Presbyterian, who immigrated to Amer ica from the northern part of Ireland and established his home in Virginia. He served as corporal in the Second regiment of Vir ginia militia in the war of 1812. His son, James R., Jr., settled in Clarke county, Ga., when twenty-one years of age; was for some time engaged in the general merchandise business and later became a successful contractor. He erected the first brick building in what is now the city of Athens. Dr. Joseph Barnett Carlton, father of the subject of this review, was graduated from the Augusta medical

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college and was an able physician and surgeon. He served in the Civil war, having been intensely loyal to the cause of the Con federacy. In 1861 he was surgeon of Taylors battalion of the Geor gia state troops, and later was a volunteer surgeon in the battles around Richmond, Va., and Murfreesboro, Tenn. He was for many years one of the leading representatives of his profession in Athens. He represented Clarke county in the state legislature and for several years prior to the war served as state senator from his district. He died, at his home in Athens, in 1881, honored by all who knew him. His widow, Mrs. Emma (Moore) Carlton, still maintains her home in Athens, having attained to the age of eighty years. She is, as was also her husband, a member of the Methodist Episcopal church. Dr. William A. Carlton secured his earlier educational training in the common schools of Athens, after which he entered the Uni versity of Georgia, in that city, from which he was graduated in 1868, with the degree of Bachelor of Arts. He then went to Atlanta and passed several months in a local laboratory of chemistry and pharmacy, and in the winters of 1869 and 1870 he took a course in the college of pharmacy in the city of Philadelphia. Later he took two courses of lectures in Jefferson medical college, in the same city, graduating as a member of the class of 1873 and duly receiv ing his degree of Doctor of Medicine. He then returned to Athens, where he continued in the practice of his profession for the ensuing three years, after which he returned to Philadelphia and completed a post-graduate medical course. While there he was honored with the appointment as resident physician of St. Marys hospital, in that city, where he remained some time. He resumed the practice of his profession in Athens in 1876, and here he has since remained, controlling a large and representative practice and holding rank as one of the leading physicians of the state. He possesses in a high degree that essential requisite of a successful practitioner the unbounded confidence of his patients. Doctor Carlton is a member of the Medical Association of Georgia, is a Democrat in politics, and has been a member of the Methodist Episcopal church South, for nearly forty years. He has been many years interested in the planting industry and in the raising of Jersey cattle and

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other high-grade live stock. In 1877 he was united in marriage to Miss Annie M. Price, daughter of Elihu and Julia Price, of Macon, Ga. Of this union there were born five children, namely: Elihu, who died in infancy; Juliet, wife of Dr. Henry M. Fullilove, of Athens; Hilda, who died in infancy; and Annie Frances and Will iam A., Jr., who remain at the parental home. Mrs. Annie M. Carlton departed this life in 1902 and was laid to rest in Oconee cem etery. On June 13, 1906, Doctor Carlton was married to Miss Susie A. Lucas, the youngest daughter of Judge F. W. and Mrs. Martha (Singleton) Lucas, honored and representative citizens of Athens, and who were held in the highest esteem by all who knew them.

JOHN A. G. CARSON
John A. G. Carson, president of the Merchants National bank and first vice-president of the J. P. Williams Company, of Savan nah, was born in the city of Baltimore, Md., Feb. 19, 1856, the same city being also the birthplace of his parents, Carvill Hynson and Sarah Frances (Gere) Carson, representatives of prominent old families of Baltimore and the "Eastern Shore" of Maryland. Among Mr. Carsons ancestors are many prominent colonial names, such as Hynson, Tylden, (Tilden) Tilghman, Carvill, Harris, Wilmer, etc. Through the Tilden branch he was related to the late Hon. Samuel J. Tilden of New York. Mr. Carsons mother was a Miss Neal, a sister of the mother of Hon. Grover Cleveland. John A. G. Carson was educated in the public schools of Baltimore, afterwards attending a Normal college in Lycoming county, Pa., near Montoursville. He came to Savannah in 1870 with his par ents and has resided there ever since. Since Jan. 1, 1884, he has been identified with J. P. Williams in his various business pur suits ; has been first vice-president of the J. P. Williams Com pany since its organization in 1897, and is one of the largest



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stockholders in said corporation. He is also one of the largest stockholders in the Merchants National bank of Savannah, and has been its executive head since 1900, the bank having prospered under his management. In politics Mr. Carson is an uncompro mising advocate of the basic principles of which the Democratic party stands exponent; served as a member of the board of alder men of Savannah from 1890 to 1893, and from the latter year un til 1897 he was a member of the board of commissioners of Chatham county, having the distinction of receiving the highest number of votes on the first board elected by the people. Mr. Carson was a lieutenant of the Chatham artillery for several years, and is now an honorary member of that time-honored organiza tion. He is identified with the Oglethorpe club of Savannah; the Georgia society and the Southern society of New York; Landrum Lodge No. 48, Free and Accepted Masons in Savannah; as well as Georgia Chapter, Royal Arch Masons and Palestine Commandery, No. 7, Knights Templar. He is also a member of the Golden Rule Lodge, Independent Order of Odd Fellows, and a life asso ciate member of the Savannah Volunteer Guards. He organized the Society of Colonial Wars in the state of Georgia, in Savannah in 1896, and has been from the beginning its representative in the council of the general society, holding the office of deputy gover nor-general for Georgia. He is one of the representative business men of the Forest City of the South, and has met with marked success in his various enterprises. On Jan. 29, 1879, Mr. Carson was united in marriage to Miss Carrie Gordon Cubbedge, daugh ter of Stephen J. M. and Rebecca (Tubbs) Cubbedge, of Savannah, and they have four children, namely: John A. G., Jr., Gordon C., Edwin W. and Carvill H.

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JOHN C. COLEMAN
John C. Coleman, the leading merchant of Swainsboro and the largest taxpayer in Emanuel county, is a man whose influence is strong and beneficent, for he has made good use of his wealth, realizing the responsibilities which it imposes, and is a citizen who holds the confidence and esteem of all, while to his further honor lies a record of valiant service as a soldier of the Confederacy in the Civil war. This well known citizen and capitalist was born on a farm in Emanuel county, Ga., Nov. 26, 1844, a son of Elisha and Lavinia (Douglass) Coleman, the former born in Burke county, and the latter in Emanuel county, where both passed their entire lives, the father having been a planter by vocation and soldier in the war of 1812. John C. Coleman received the most limited of educational advantages in his youth, but that he has made good the deficiency no one who knows him to-day can doubt, and he has been the builder of his own fortunes, having been concerned with mercantile and agricultural interests for many years in fact, from his youth to the present. In March, 1862, he subordinated his personal in terests and ambitions to tender his aid in the defense of the cause of the Confederacy by enlisting in Company H, Forty-eighth Geor gia volunteer infantry, in which he was made orderly sergeant. He served with this command until the close of the war, save for the period during which he was held as a prisoner of war. He took part in the Seven Days battles about Richmond, the first and second battles at Cold Harbor, Harpers Ferry, second Manassas, Sharpsburg, first and second battles of Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, and Manassas Gap. At the last named he was captured by the enemy and first imprisoned at Point Look out, whence he was taken to Elmira, N. Y., where he was held for eighteen months. He was then paroled and returned to Georgia, the close of the war occurring shortly afterward. He was wounded

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in the battle of Sharpsburg, in which engagement his only brother, Matthew, met his death. After the close of the war Judge Coleman courageously faced the conditions which prevailed in his home state, as in other parts of the South, and that his labors in the succeeding years have been phenomenally successful none can doubt. He is known as the wealthiest citizen of his county and as its largest landholder, having more than 30,000 acres in this county alone, besides large holdings in other counties of the state. In 1876 he established himself in the general merchandise busi ness in Swainsboro, where he has continued the enterprise during the intervening thirty years, building up the same from modest proportions to the largest concern of the sort in the county. He is the owner of the finest business block in the town, the same having been erected by him, and here also he has a beautiful home, besides a large number of other residence and business properties, which he rents, his enterprise having done much for the substantial progress and material upbuilding of Swainsboro, to whose interest he is in all things loyal. Judge Coleman is found aligned as a sturdy exponent of the principles for which the Democratic party stands sponsor, and he served four years as clerk of the superior court of Emanuel county and for eight years as judge of the court of ordinary of the county. For a similar period he was chairman of county board of road and revenue commissioners. He is a mas ter Mason and a member of the United Confederate Veterans. Judge Coleman married Miss Martha S. Moring, daughter of Jos eph J. Moring, of Swainsboro, and they have two children: Neta is the wife of Dr. George L. Smith, one pf the leading physicians and surgeons of Emanuel county, engaged in practice at Swains boro; and Luck is the wife of Judge Frank Mitchell, who is pre siding on the bench of the city court of Swainsboro.

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JOHN S. COLEMAN, M. D.
John S. Coleman, M. D., was born in Richmond county, Ga., Oct. 10, 1837, and died in Augusta, June 19, 1892. After an academic education obtained in Augusta, Ga., and Cantonsville, Md., he attended a course of lectures in the medical department of the University of Virginia, and in March, 1857, received his degree of Doctor of Medicine from Jefferson medical college, Phil adelphia, Pa. As a reward for his meritorious examination for his degree in Jefferson medical college he was given the position of resident physician in Blockly hospital, Philadelphia, He was also clinical assistant to the chair of surgery in Jefferson medical col lege and subsequently served as resident physician in the Balti more almshouse. After eighteen months of clinical experience subsequent to graduation in medicine he returned to Georgia and located in Lee county, where he began the practice of medicine. At the outbreak of the Italian war in 1859 Doctor Coleman went to France with his uncle by marriage, the distinguished Dr. Paul F. Eve, with the purpose of entering the medical department of the French army. When he arrived in Paris the war had ended. He then remained in the French capital six months pursuing medical studies in the hospitals. Returning to his native land he located in Augusta and practiced medicine in all of its branches. During the late Civil war he served faithfully and honorably as surgeon of the Second Virginia cavalry in the Confederate army. He was at the time of his death a member of the Medical Association of. Georgia, the American medical association, the American gyn ecological association and the American surgical association. He was not a frequent contributor to medical literature, but his writ ings stamped him as a strong man in his profession. His contri butions to medical literature were papers on the following subjects: "The Multiple Wedge Principle in the Treatment of Urethral Stricture", "A Novel and Unique Lesion of the Integu-

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ment of the Abdominal Wall", "Transverse Septum of the Vagina Obstructing Delivery", "Tincture of Iodine for Arresting Postpartum Hemorrhage", "Cases of Lithotomy", "Caesarian Section Necessitated by Hypertrophic Elongation of the Cervix with De livery of a Live Child", "Bichloride of Mercury in the Treatment of Diphtheria". To Doctor Coleman belongs the credit of orig inating the multiple-wedge treatment of urethral stricture. Had he done nothing but this one piece of original work his life would have blessed mankind to a degree rarely equaled by the labors of one man. He was indefatigable in his professional work and was always busy. If not engaged in attendance upon patients he was to be found with his books, thus conversing with the savants of the profession. He was a student all his life. He was a highly accomplished physician in all departments of medicine. The in nate modesty of the man kept his accomplishments largely hidden from his brethren and friends. An intimate acquaintance said of him: "Enjoying a most intimate personal friendship with him for twenty years, I knew him to be highly skilled in his profession, yet I never once heard him boast of anything he had ever done. He discharged his professional duties through love to man and love to God. Neither fame nor money engaged his attention. In his ministry to the sick he was governed by a high sense of duty. To see man benefited by his labors was his greatest desire and highest reward". In professional and social life

"He walked attended By a strong, abiding champion-conscience."

No man had a higher sense of honor than did Doctor Coleman. His life exemplified the highest type of human nature. In every station in life he was a man of marked excellence. Full of en ergy, integrity, lofty principles and uncompromising honesty, strong in heart and rich in spirit, he commanded the confidence and love of all who knew him. He was truthful in work and ac tion. He richly illustrated the saying of Lord Chesterfield: "It is truth that makes the success of the gentleman". He deviated

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in a marked degree from the usual methods and common stand ards of men, and was peculiar in his courage to be scrupulously honest in speech and action; peculiar in always and under all cir cumstances, being what he really was, and never pretending to be what he was not; peculiar in his courageous honesty and re sistance of temptation. He scrupulously lived up to the exalted code of ethics of his profession. No consideration of any kind could induce him to be disloyal to this high code of laws. He rigidly adhered to the provisions of this code and required his brethren to do likewise. He steadfastly refused to consult or associate with any physician who violated the code of ethics, no matter how prominent he was in the profession. Eccentric he un questionably was in this regard but his eccentricities always car ried him in lines leading to a most exalted manhood. Men who did not live up to Doctor Colemans high standard could not, of course, understand him, and therefore regarded him as an extrem ist. In this age when self-aggrandizement seems to be the aim and end of so many physicians, it is peculiarly refreshing to read of a man like Doctor Coleman, who ignored selfishness and exerted all his faculties to the promotion of the welfare of mankind. He was a benevolent man, always doing some act of kindness to his patients and friends. In his ministrations to the sick he was thor oughly self-sacrificing, responding to their calls day or night when himself seriously ill. His friends repeatedly remonstrated with him and told him that he owed it to himself and his family to care more for his own condition and less for that of others. He in variably replied: "I cannot consider self when my patients need and call for my services." Animated by this exalted conception of duty, sacrifice of self for the welfare of others, he lived nobly, died honored and beloved by the community in which he lived. He died after a painful, lingering illness, but he bore his affliction with that fortitude which characterized his whole life, and with the courage of the Christian soldier he meekly bowed to the summons of the Angel of Death. For six years he was demonstrator of anatomy in the medical department of the University of Georgia. In April, 1864, he married Miss Caroline Wyatt Starke, daughter

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of Col. William Wyatt Starke of South Carolina. She died in June, 1866. In December, 1867, he married Miss Hattie Kennedy McEwen, daughter of Col. Robt. H. McEwen of Nashville, Tenn. There survive him from his first marriage, Dr. Thos. D. Coleman of Augusta, Ga., and from the second, Dr. Warren Coleman of New York city.

THOMAS D. COLEMAN, M. D.
Thomas D. Coleman, M. D., of Augusta, controls a large and important practice and also holds the professorship of the prin ciples and practice of medicine in the Medical College of Georgia, a department of the state university. He was born in the city -which is now his home, Jan. 13, 1865, a son of Dr. John S. and Caroline Wyatt (Starke) Coleman, concerning whom mention is made in the personal memoir to Dr. John S. Coleman in this work. Thomas D. Coleman was graduated in the Richmond acad emy, Augusta, at the age of sixteen years, and was then matricu lated in the University of Kentucky at Lexington, where he was graduated as a member of the class of 1885, with the degree of Bach elor of Arts. In 1902 his alma mater conferred upon him the degree of Master of Arts. After leaving this institution he took a post graduate course in science in Johns Hopkins university at Balti more, Md., and while in that institution, 1887-8, he served as assistant in physiology. During his two years there he made a careful study of medicine, and then entered the medical department of the University of the City of New York, where he was graduated in 1890, receiving his well earned degree of Doctor of Medicine. While taking his course in that institution he also held the position of assistant in physiology. In June, 1890, Doctor Coleman initiated the practice of his profession in Augusta, where his success has

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been on a parity with his fine erudition in his profession and his powers of applying the same to the relief of human suffering.
In 1893 he became professor of physiology in the medical depart ment of the University of Georgia and the following year pathol ogy and the directorship of the pathological laboratory were added to the functions of his chair. He originated and developed the laboratory of histology and pathology, there being no such work carried on in the college prior to this time. The demands of his private practice becoming so great, he had to give up the labora tory work after two years of service, and following this until 1900 he filled the chair of physiology. He was then made professor of medicine, which chair he occupied for two years and was then elected to the senior chair of the principles and practice of medi cine, which position he still holds. Doctor Coleman is a member of the American medical association and in June, 1906, was elected chairman of its medical section. He is also a member and trustee of the national association for the study and prevention of tuber culosis. He is a member of the board of trustees and physician to the Augusta orphan asylum, and is one of the attending physicians of the Augusta city hospital and the Lamar hospital. He is asso ciated with Dr. W. H. Doughty and Dr. E. E. Murphey in the ownership of Pine Heights sanitorium in North Augusta, S. C., and is the president of the institution. He is a valued contributor to various standard medical publications, notably the Reference Handbook of Medical Sciences, the American System of Prac tical Medicine and Osiers System of Medicine and is the author of numerous medical monographs. For thirteen years he was a member of the board of health of Augusta, in which for a number of years he held the office of secretary and later that of president. He is a member of the First Christian church of Augusta, Ga., be ing a trustee and deacon of the same. On June 18, 1890, Doctor Coleman was united in marriage to Miss Annie Lee Adams of Lexington, Ky., from which union four children resulted: Sarah Starke, Owen Adams, Martha McEwen and John Scott.

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BRAZILLA A. CONNELLY
Brazilla A. Connelly, was known and honored as one of the pro gressive business men and sterling citizens of the city of Rome, Ga., where he died Oct. 1, 1897, having been the owner of the well equipped tannery which is now operated by his widow. He was born near Hunter, Greene county, N. Y., in the Catskill mountain district, Feb. 14, 1849, a son of . William A. and Mary E. (Ladew) Connelly. The former was born near Hunter, July 14, 1820, his grandfather having been a native of Ireland, who settled in Greene at an early day, became a prosperous farmer, and also owned an interest in a chair factory at Hunter. Mary E. (Ladew) Connelly, was born in Ulster county, N. Y., Nov. 19, 1829. Brazilla A. Connelly secured his educational training in the schools of Kingston, N. Y., and when eighteen years of age he went to Emmaville, Pa., where he learned the tanning trade in the establishment of the firm of J. B. Hoyt & Co., of which his uncle, H. S. Ladew, was a member. He became familiar with all branches of the business and was finally made superintendent of the tannery at Emmaville. In October, 1876, he went to Chattanooga, Tenn., as superintendent of the tannery conducted by the firm of Fairweather & Ladew, successors to J. B. Hoyt & Co., Mr. Hoyt having retired from the business. He continued superintendent of the Chattanooga tannery until its operations involved the handling of 500 hides a day, the tannery at that time being the largest in the Union. In 1881 Mr. Connelly decided to engage in business for himself. He accordingly located in Rome, where he erected and equipped a small tannery, the original capacity of the same being 20 hides a day. He developed a prosperous enterprise, bringing to bear his intimate knowledge of all details of the business, and at the time of his death the tannery was putting out 60 hides a day, in the form of select belting leather. He also owned and operated a tannery at Jellico, Tenn., the same having a capacity of 100

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hides a day. Since his death Mrs. Connelly has continued the busi ness in Rome, and has shown marked acumen in the management of the same, the output of the tannery now averaging 120 hides a day. The enterprise is conducted on a strictly cash basis, and from $25,000 to $30,000 are expended each year in the purchase of bark alone, this large amount being disseminated among the farmers in this locality, so that the business exercises functions of marked value to the community, in both a direct and secondary way. Mr. Connelly gave himself earnestly and faithfully to the upbuilding of this enterprise, and rose to a place of prominence as a reliable, upright and progressive business man, gaining the unqualified esteem and confidence of the community in which he made his home until his death. He was a Republican in his politi cal proclivities; was identified with the Masonic fraternity and the Independent Order of Odd Fellows; and accorded a liberal support to the Methodist Episcopal church, of which his widow has long been a devoted member. On Dec. 20, 1870, Mr. Connelly was united in marriage to Miss Jennie Ensley, daughter of Abram and Mary (Hanks) Ensley, of Emmaville, Pa., where she was reared and educated. Her mother was a relative of the mother of Presi dent Abraham Lincoln. Mr. Connelly is survived by one son, John Augustus, who is an-executive in the office of the tannery now conducted by his mother.

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PEMBERTON COOLEY
Pemberton Cooley, one of the successful representatives of the legal profession in Jackson county, is engaged in the practice of law in the thriving town of Commerce. He was born in Leo, White county, Ga., Feb. 27, 1879, a son of Joseph D. and Martha Ann (Dean) Cooley, the former born in Spartansburg, S. C., Aug. 20, 1849, and the latter in Leo, White county, May 24, 1854. Joseph D. Cooley was too young to enter the Confederate service in the Civil war, but two of his brothers, William H. and James M., were gallant defenders of the cause, the former sacrific ing his life in the battle of Gettysburg and the latter continuing in the service until the close of the war. Rev. James M. Dean, maternal grandfather of the subject of this sketch, was a soldier in the Confederate ranks during- the early part of the war, and later served in his community as a member of what was designated as the home guard. He was a clergyman of the Methodist church, and also held the office of county judge. His son James C. was graduated in Emory college, Oxford, Ga., and later served several years as president of Marvin college, Clinton, Ky. He finally re signed this position, read law, and was admitted to the bar in Ken tucky, being now judge of the county court of Hickman county, that state, of which Clinton is the county seat. Pemberton Cooley attended Mosey Creek academy, in his native town, where he con tinued his studies until 1896, when he was matriculated in Young Harris college in Towns county, where he was a student two years, at the expiration of which he entered Piedmont institute, at Demorest, Ga., in which he was graduated in 1899, receiving second honors of his class, having been most popular with his fellow students in each of the institutions mentioned. After leaving school Mr. Cooley was principal of Nacoochee institute one term, then resigned to enter the law department of the University of Georgia, from which he received his degree of Bachelor of Laws in

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1901, and was forthwith admitted to the bar of his native state. Soon afterward.he located in Commerce, Jackson county, where, by perseverance, energy, hard study and application, he has built up for himself a practice of which he may well feel proud. He is unwavering in his advocacy of the principles and policies for which the Democratic party stands sponsor, and he is now serving as attorney of his home city. At the primary-nominating convention, Nov. 26, 1905, Mr. Cooley was the unanimous choice of his party for mayor of Commerce, and at the election held Dec. 6, 1905 was elected with only five dissenting votes an unusually compliment ary ballot. He and his wife are members of the Methodist Epis copal church South; he is affiliated with the Masonic fraternity and the Independent Order of Odd Fellows. On Nov. 19, 1903, he was united in marriage to Miss Martha Glass Crooks, daughter of William L. and Mary McCormick (Glass) Crooks, of Shelbyville, Ky., and they have a winsome little daughter Mary Elizabeth born Aug. 21, 1904.

CHARLES WHEELER COOPER
Charles Wheeler Cooper is known as one of the representative business men and popular citizens of Thomasville, Thomas county, where he is a successful merchant. He was born near Montgom ery, Bossier parish, La., Aug. 9, 1860, and is a son of Jesse Milner and Louisa Hardy (Brown) Cooper, the former born in Houston county, Ga., Aug. 8, 1839, and the latter in Pulaski county, Ga. Jesse M. Cooper was a loyal soldier of the Confederacy in the Civil war, having enlisted in a Louisiana regiment at the begin ning of the conflict and was made captain of his company, which was organized at or near Montgomery. He was promoted to the rank of major and continued in the service during the four years of the war. He died Oct. 27, 1867, of yellow fever, and this caused

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his children to return to Georgia, to find homes with relatives in various parts of the state. The subject of this sketch was but seven years of age at the time of his fathers death and he was taken into the home of his uncle, John Thornton Cooper, a planter and cottonmill man at Houston Factory, Houston county, where the lad was reared to maturity and where he received a common-school educa tion. At the age of eighteen years Mr. Cooper left his adopted home and located in Hawkinsville, Pulaski county, where he found employment in the general merchandise store of John Henry & Son, with which firm he remained until he had attained his legal majority. He then became a salesman in the Empire store at Macon, and later held a responsible position with the old and well-known dry-goods establishment of C. L. OGorman & Co., of that city. At the age of twenty-eight years he opened a small general-merchandise store at Sycamore, Irwin county, on the line of the Georgia, Florida & Southern railroad and in the heart of the wire-grass section. Energy and correct business methods brought to him definite success in this enterprise, making the most of the opportunities presented and pushing for ward to the mark of greater things. Thus he was led to seek a wider field of endeavor and with the courage and self-reliance be gotten of former successes he removed, in 1894, to Thomasville, where he engaged in the same line of enterprise. Here his position is to-day assured as a prominent and prosperous merchant and loyal and progressive citizen, retaining the confidence and esteem of all who know him. He has stated that "Honesty and cordiality are lifes successful weapons," and the truth of this aphorism has been verified most emphatically in his own business career. He is a member of the Thomasville board of trade and is president of the C. W. Cooper Company, wholesale grocers. Mr. Cooper is a loyal supporter of the principles and policies of the Democratic party, and in 1906 he was defeated for mayor of Thomasville by the small plurality of forty votes in the only three-cornered contest known in the history of the municipality. He and his wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal church South, in which he is a steward and a member of the board of trustees. He is affiliated

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with the lodge, chapter and commandery of the Masonic fraternity, as well as the Mystic Shrine, and is also identified with the Benev olent and Protective Order of Elks, the Knights .of Pythias, the Thomasville Gun club, the Elks club and the local law and order league. On April 25, 1888, Mr. Cooper was united in marriage to Miss Julia Anna Dasher, daughter of William Barnard and Mary Jane (Walden) Dasher, of Macon, Ga., and they have five children Charles William, May Thornton, Albert Tharin, Ernest Brown, and Mars Mclntosh.

GEORGE LEWIS COPE
A mans reputation is the property of the world. The laws of nature have forbidden isolation. Every human being submits to the controlling influence of others or, as a master spirit,, wields a power either for good or evil upon those with whom he comes in contact. There can be no impropriety in justly scanning the acts of any man as they affect his public and business relations. If he is honest and eminent in his chosen field of endeavor, investigation will brighten his fame and point the path that others may safely follow. Among the quiet, persevering and sterling citizens of Savannah stood the subject of this memoir. During a long and successful commercial life, characterized by distinctive enterprise, he maintained an enviable reputation for the highest integrity and principle, no unworthy word or deed having ever been linked with his name, and no citizen of Savannah made better use of his accumulations. He had a high sense of his stew ardship and his life counted for good in all its relations. He was born in the city of Savannah, Feb. 26, 1817, a son of George and Sarah (Epinger) Cope. He was afforded the advantages of the common schools of his day and as a youth became an employe in a mercantile establishment in Bay street, Savannah. Later he be-

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came a clerk in the establishment of the firm of Padelford & Fay, cotton commission merchants in that city, and from that day for ward until his death he continued identified with this important line of industry. In the late 50s, upon the removal of Joseph S. Fay to Boston, Mass., Mr. Cope was admitted to partnership in the business, which was thereafter continued under the firm name of Padelford & Cope until the death of the senior member, Edward Padelford, in 1870, when the firm of Cope & Ripley was formed. This firm continued in business for a number of years and was then dissolved by mutual consent, Colonel Cope virtually retiring from active business, though he was always to be found in his office during business hours up to a very short time before his death, which occurred on Jan. 10, 1890. He accumulated a fortune through legitimate means, no shadow rests on his fair fame as a citizen and business man, and his generous virtues shone most brightly in private life. He was for twenty years a director of the Merchants National bank, of Savannah, andon the death of Henry Brigham succeeded to the presidency of the institution. A year later he resigned this executive office, but, at the earnest solicitation of the other directors, he continued a member of that body, and served until the close of his life. He was a director of Bonaventure cemetery and took the deepest interest in the improving and adorning of that beautiful "Gods acre." He was a member of the board of pilot commissioners of Savannah, and was chairman of the same for a number of years. Though retiring and unostenta tious, he was often a leader in the promotion of measures and en terprises tending to enhance the material and civic welfare of his native city. He was endowed with distinctive business sagacity and mature judgment, and his counsel was frequently sought in matters of public and commercial importance. Charitable, kindly and tolerant, ever considerate of others and deeply appreciative of the springs of human thought and action his was a noble and well rounded character, and to him was given the unequivocal esteem of all classes of citizens. He became a member of the board of trustees of the Georgia infirmary in 1869, and continued in tenure of this position until his demise. In 1854 he was one of

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the founders of the Savannah benevolent society, of which he served continuously as treasurer until 1877, holding this office during three serious epidemics in the city. The great work done by the asociation during these critical periods was largely due to his untiring and devoted efforts. On his retirement as treasurer he was made an honorary life-member of the association and was presented with a fine silver pitcher and goblets, the pitcher bearing the fol lowing inscription: "From the Savannah Benevolent Association to its founder and the first and only treasurer during twenty-three years; his faithful and unremitting services have illustrated his con stancy, courage and integrity, which can only be acknowledged by gratitude and praise. 1854-1877." Prior to the outbreak of the Civil war Mr. Cope was aide-de-camp on the staff of Governor Cobb and was a lieutenant in the Chatham Artillery, of which he continued as honorary member until his death. During the war he was captain of the Savannah Artillery, which did guard duty at Forts Pulaski and Jackson. He served on the military staff of Gov. Howell Cobb with the rank of lieutenant-colonel and thus gained the title by which he was familiarly known. In politics he was a Democrat and he was a strict attendant of the Baptist church. On Nov. 13, 1854, was solemnized the marriage of Colonel Cope to Miss Jacksonia Harriet Ansley Fell, a daughter of Frederick S. and Harriet (Hoskins) Fell, of Savannah. She still survives her honored husband and resides in the beautiful home so dear to her from the hallowed associations of the past. Her father was editor and publisher of the Savannah Republican for twenty-one years, was a soldier in the war of 1812 and was a close personal friend of Gen. Andrew Jackson, in honor of whom he named his daughter, Mrs. Cope. He served in the state legislature, was prominent and influential in public affairs in Savannah and for many years was captain of the Savannah Guards. In conclusion is entered brief record concerning the children of Colonel and Mrs. Cope: William Ansley died at the age of eleven years and Charles Frederick at the age of four; Mary Ansley is the wife of Thomas R. Mills, of Griffin, Ga.; George L., Jr., married Miss Mary C. Law, of Savannah, and

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is now deceased; Harris married Miss Louisa Barnard and is a suc cessful business man of Savannah ; and Harriet is now Mrs. James H. Hunter.

MAJ. WILLIAM B. COX
It is with pleasure that these pages are devoted to the memory of this gentleman, as few were better known and none more favorably so in the entire state of Georgia. Major Cox was never a politician and his reputation has none of that notoriety that arises from turbulent political life, but so marked were his successes, so powerful his influence in the commer cial system of the state, so active his life, and liberal his enter prise, that his name was almost a household word. His life, while eminently a successful one, was not one of luck. He was entirely a self-made man and owed his position in life to his own well-directed efforts. His life was an example which young busi ness men would do well to follow. Temperate in his habits, prompt in all business transactions, and faithful to his slightest promise, he forced success from all sorts of conditions. His for tune was the sequence of his tireless energy, pluck and persever ance, and it came inevitably and surely. There was hardly an enterprise or a worthy charity in the city of Atlanta that had not received his able and conscientious help. In the commercial world he stood in the foremost rank and may well be termed a captain of industry, as he was the active senior member of the old, \vealthy house of Cox, Hill & Thompson. He was also active in the financial affairs of the city, being a director and vice-president of the Atlanta National bank during the latter years of his life and was also a silent partner in one of the extensive wholesale grocery houses of this city. During the latter years of his life he lived practically retired, though still active in the management

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and supervision of his extensive interests. He also gave valuable aid to the cattle industry of Georgia, owning at one time, without an exception, the finest stock farm in the state. He was an active and influential member of the North Georgia Stock and Fair Asso ciation and served as its president for a number of years. It may be truthfully said that his acceptance of that position guaranteed the success of the association. A detailed account of his life would read like a romance, as he arose from humble surroundings to become one of the bulwarks of the state. A native son of Geor gia, his birth occurred in Clarke county in 1832, and he was a son of Edwin Cox and Sarah (Hardigree) Cox, natives of Virginia and Maryland respectively. The elder Mr. Cox immigrated to Georgia when a young man and engaged in teaching, which occu pation he followed until his death, which occurred while in his young manhood. Major Cox was one of a family of ten small children at the time of his fathers death and was about fourteen years of age when this sad event occurred. The mother, being in humble circumstances, he was obliged at an early age to assume responsibilities of his own care. At the age of eighteen he began clerking in a small store at Dalton and after a short period found a similar position at Rome, where he remained until 1859, which year witnessed his arrival in Atlanta. This was the practical be ginning of a life of industry, usefulness and repeated successes. Mr. Cox enlisted in the Thirty-sixth Georgia regiment when it was organized; was appointed regimental commissary with the rank of captain in the spring of 1862; was promoted to major in 1863 and assigned to the post of brigade commissary for the Fourth brigade of the Western army, later serving as post commissary at Vicksburg, Miss. He was practically self-educated and in later years became a man of profound thought and extensive knowl edge, possessing at one time the finest library in the state of Geor gia. On Feb. 12, 1852, he was united in marriage to Miss Katherine Attaway, a daughter of Ezekiel and Sarah (Reaves) Attaway, natives of South Carolina and Tennessee respectively. This union was blessed by two children, though both are now de ceased. The eldest, Lula, grew to womanhood, became the wife

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of Matthew McWhorter, and died in 1886, leaving two children. The second, a son, William Edwin,.died at the age of five years. Major Cox departed this life on Sept. 28, 1883, and was laid to rest in Oakland cemetery. His memory is still enshrined in the hearts of his old comrades and associates, who hereby take this opportunity of expressing their thanks to his honored and re spected wife for this data and for cooperation so necessary to the compilation of this biography, which is written in memoriam to one who was indeed a man among men.

DANIEL F. CROSLAND
Daniel F. Crosland, judge of the city court of Albany, Dougherty county, recognized as one of the leading members of the bar of this section of the state and as a man of marked judicial acumen, is a scion of stock long established in Georgia and South Caro lina, the name he bears having been prominently and honorably linked with the annals of Georgia for a long period. The progen itor of the Crosland family in all branches in the states men tioned, and in other parts of the South, was Edward Crosland, great-grandfather of the subject of this review. Con cerning this honored pioneer, the following interesting and valuable data are secured from a publication entitled "History of the Old Cheraws:" "Edward Crosland, who was thrown upon his own resources as an orphan boy, came about the year 1760 from Virginia to Carolina. The tradition has been handed down in the family that he joined a company of adventurers, of about thirty persons, near the middle of the province, some time before the Revolution, for the purpose of exploring and hunting in the southwest. The company, it is said, went through North Carolina, Tennessee and Kentucky to the Ohio river, thence to the Missis.sippi, and after exploring the latter stream to the mouth of the

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Missouri retraced their steps and descended the Mississippi to New Orleans. A part of the company returned, leaving their compan ions behind. After returning to North Carolina Edward Crosland married a daughter of Samuel Sneed, of that state, and settled near the boundary line, acting chiefly in South Carolina during the Rev olution. Subsequently he removed to Santee, and after a few years settled on the Peedee, near Gardiners Bluff, in what is now known as Marlboro district, where he reared a large family. His sons were John, Samuel, Daniel M., Israel, David, George, Philip and William. His daughters were Temperance, Mary, Sarah, Eliza beth, Rebecca and Ann. Not a few of the descendants of this fam ily are now numbered among the respected citizens of Marlboro." It may be further noted that of the sons mentioned above David was the grandfather of him whose name initiates this sketch. Daniel F. Crosland was born in the city of Macon, Bibb county, Ga., Dec. 10, 1869, and is a son of James E. and Mary (Reynolds) Crosland, the former born in Marlboro district, S. C., Aug. 31, 1826, and the latter in Twiggs county, Ga., Oct. 26, 1832. James E. Crosland was a teacher by profession and a well-known educator of Georgia for many years, having passed the closing days of his long and useful life in Macon, where he died in December, 1899, and where his widow still resides. He endeavored to enlist as a soldier of the Confederacy at the time of the Civil war, but was re fused admission to the ranks by reason of the frailness of his phy sique, together with weakened eyesight, while it further seemed to be the policy of the Confederate government to encourage teach ers to remain at home and continue their labors as best possible. Judge Daniel F. Crosland is a man of distinguished literary and professional attainments. He attended the Mercer university, at Macon, Ga., and then was matriculated in the historic old Uni versity of Virginia, at Charlottesville, where he remained two years, one of which was in the academical department, the other in law. His technical course in the law was completed in the law de partment of the University of Georgia, at Athens, where he was graduated as a member of the class of 1892, receiving the degree of Bachelor of Laws. On Dec. 6, 1892, he was admitted to the bar

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of his native state, as an attorney and counselor, and since October, 1894, he has followed the active work of his profession in the city of Albany, where he has gained distinctive prestige and prefer ment. He is a stanch adherent of the Democratic party and has been an efficient exponent of its cause. He served as city attorney of Albany from 1897 to 1905, and was a member of the house of representatives in the Georgia legislature in 1899 and 1900. In 1904 he was appointed to the bench of the city court of Albany, to fill the unexpired term of Judge Rkhard Hobbs, and on Jan. 1, 1906, he was reappointed to this office, for the full term of four years. He is a member of the Georgia bar association, and is affil iated with the Knights of Pythias and the Phi Delta Theta college fraternity. His religious views and sympathies are in harmony with .the tenets of the Baptist church. On June 21, 1899, Judge Crosland was united in marriage to Miss Ella G. Pope, daughter of Judge David H. and Martha (Hodges) Pope, of Albany, this state, and they have one son Daniel F., Jr., born Feb. 15, 1901.

JOHN J. CUMMINGS
John J. Cummings, vice-president of the Savannah Lumber Com pany, one of the extensive industrial concerns of the state, is also the present incumbent of the office of president of the Savannah board of trade, and is one of the able and honored business men and public-spirited citizens of the historic old city in which he main tains his home. He was born in Barnwell county, S. C., Aug. 1, 1850, a son of William and Olive (Rentz) Cummings. He was afforded the advantages of the common schools and initiated his independent career at the age of eighteen years. In 1892 he identified himself with the lumber business, located in Savannah in 1895 and has since been actively concerned with the business interests of that city. Upon the organization and incorpo-

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ration of the Savannah Lumber Company, in October, 1903, he be came vice-president of the same, which office he has since held continuously. The local plant of the company utilizes twenty-two acres of ground and is one of the largest and best equipped in the South. The company owns extensive tracts of valuable timber, operates its own saw mills, and in Savannah has a modern plant for the manufacture of sash, doors, blinds, etc., upon a large scale. It is incorporated for $120,000 and thus bases its operations on ample capital and the best of personal energy and ability. Mr. Cummings also has other large and important capitalistic interests and is one of the progressive and substantial business men of the state. He is one of the directors of the Citizens bank, of Savannah, and in December, 1905, was honored with election to the presidency of the local board of trade. In politics he accords a stanch al legiance to the Democracy. In 1881 Mr. Cummings was united in marriage to Miss Susan Miller, and they have three children Alma, Beulah and Olive. Alma is now the wife of D. D. Wiley, of Savannah.

ERNEST ALLEN CUTTS
Ernest Alien Cutts holds prestige as one of the representative cotton brokers and commission merchants of the city of Savannah, and is a member of a family established in America shortly after the close of the war of the Revolution, the ancestry being traced to stanch English derivation. Three brothers of the name came to America shortly after the close of the war for independence, and Major Cutts, grandfather of the subject of this review, was born in North Carolina, where his father was an extensive planter of large financial means. He came to Georgia when a young man, was here married, and settled in Warren county. His wife, whose maiden name was Elizabeth Maddox, was a daughter of Judge Maddox, a veteran of the war of 1812. Col. Alien S. Cutts, father

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of him whose name introduces this sketch, was born in Pulaski county, Ga., Dec. 4, 1827, and for a time was engaged in mercantile pursuits in Oglethorpe county. In 1854 he removed to Americus, Sumter county, purchased a fine plantation in that locality, built up a large business as a dealer in cotton, and later estab lished himself in the mercantile trade in which he has since con tinued successful operations. In 1846 he enlisted as a private in an artillery company, with which he served throughout the Mexican war. At the inception of the war between the states he organized and was made captain of a company of artillery, known as the Sumter Flying Artillery. This company was equipped with guns which had been captured by the Confederate forces in the first battle of Manassas, and from that time it took part in many of the sanguinary battles which marked the progress of the great civil conflict. In 1863 Captain Cutts was rapidly pro moted for gallant conduct and efficiency, rising to the rank of major, lieutenant-colonel and finally to full colonelcy, and served during the entire period of the war. In connection with civic affairs he has held many offices of public trust and his name is one honored in the county and state of which he has been a resident during his life thus far. In 1856-7 he served as sheriff of Sumter county; was a member of the state constitutional convention of 1865; and in 1890-91 served as representative of his county in the lower house of the state legislature. For many years he was mayor of his city, giving a most able and popular administration; was also a member of the board of education and a trustee of the female college at Americus. On June 17, 1854, Colonel Cutts was united in marriage to Miss Fannie O. Brown, daughter of James V. Brown, a prominent planter of Monroe county, and of the seven children of this union four are living Ernest A., to whom this article is dedicated; Claude S., a planter and cotton factor at Marshallville; Eldridge H., a representative member of the bar of Fitzgerald; and Inez M., who married Mr. C. E. Barber of Vesper, N. Y. Ernest Alien Cutts was born in Americus, Sumter county, Ga., March 21, 1858. After availing himself of the advantages of private schools in his native town he attended the University of

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Georgia for a time and in 1875-6 was a student in Mercer uni versity. After leaving school he became associated with his father in the cotton business, to which he gave his attention during the autumn and winter months and in the interims studied law. He was admitted to the bar in 1878, at the age of twenty .years, and be gan the practice of his profession, but was shortly afterward ap pointed, by Congressman Cook, to a clerkship in the committee on public buildings and grounds in the city of Washington, D. C., where he remained until 1880. He then returned to Americus and resumed business with his father, thus continuing until 1882, when he removed to Rome, this state, where he was engaged in the gen eral merchandise business until 1884. In that year he located in Savannah, where he established an agency for Winterbotton, Rich mond & Co., cotton merchants, representing this concern and oth ers in the same line of enterprise until 1890, when he established himself in an independent business as a general cotton broker and commission merchant. He has built up a splendid enterprise and is recognized as a progressive, reliable and successful business man. In politics Mr. Cutts is a stalwart supporter of the princi ples of the Democratic party but he has never sought or held pub lic office. He is past master of Landrum Lodge, Free and Accepted Masons; past high priest of Georgia Chapter, Royal Arch Masons; past eminent commander of Palestine Commandery, No. 7, Knights Templar; is also past commander of the grand commandery of Knights Templar in Georgia; and is the present (1906) illustrious potentate of Alee Temple, Ancient Arabic Order, Nobles of the Mystic Shrine. He also holds membership in the Oglethorpe club, the Savannah Yacht club and the Savannah cotton exchange. He and his wife hold membership in the Independent Presbyterian church. On April 28, 1880, Air. Cutts was united in marriage to Miss Ida Walker, daughter of Henry I. Walker, and following is a brief record concerning the children of this union: Fannie Lou died in infancy; Walker, who was drowned at Tybee island in May, 1905, at the age of twenty-one years, was a young man of fine character and marked business ability and his tragic death was keenly felt by all who had come within the sphere of his gracious

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influence; Alien S. is a student in Emory college at Oxford, Ga.; Ella C. is attending the Mary Baldwin school for girls; Ernestine is a student at Staunton, Va.; and Hamilton and Marjorie remain at the parental home.

PHILIP WATKINS DAVIS
Philip Watkins Davis, judge of the city court of Lexington, is a representative lawyer and jurist of Oglethorpe county, and is also a member of the clergy of the Baptist church. He was born near the city which is now his home, Feb. 2, 1855, a son of William J. and Mary (Watkins) Davis, the former of whom was born in Rockingham county, Va., in September, 1802, and the latter near Lexington, Oglethorpe county, Ga., May 4, 1816, a daughter of Philip Watkins, who was of Welsh de scent, having been a boy at the time when his father, Reese Watkins, removed from the state of North Carolina to Georgia, locating seven miles east of Lexington. Philip Watkins was a soldier in the war of 1812. He was born near Raleigh, N. C., was reared to manhood in Oglethorpe county, where he became a pros perous planter, and owned about one hundred slaves at the time of the inception of the Civil war. One of his sons, Dr. Jonathan Watkins, achieved eminent success as a physician and surgeon, being one of the leading practitioners of Oglethorpe county. The other sons, Philip, Moses, Terry and Robert, were prosperous farmers. Philip Watkins, ST., attained to the venerable age of eighty-seven years, and his wife, whose maiden name was Mary McKee, and who was distinguished for force of character, strong intellect and great piety, was eighty-five years of age at the time of her death. William J. Davis was an active and successful busi ness man, animated by the most inflexible integrity of character. He was one of the honored citizens and prominent farmers of

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Oglethorpe county, and his wife was a woman of gentle and gra cious refinement, holding the affectionate regard of all who came within the sphere of her immediate influence. Judge Philip W. Davis was afforded the advantages of Mercer university and also the University of Georgia, in which latter he completed his law course, and was duly admitted to the bar of his native state. He also attended the Baptist theological seminary in Louisville, Ky., for a period of two years, and is an ordained minister of the church, in which he does a great deal of active work in his clerical office. He is a leading member of the bar of Oglethorpe county, where he established himself in active practice immediately after his admission to the bar, and he has gained a high reputation through his services as judge of the city court of Lexington, an office of which he has been the incumbent since May 1, 1899. He is a stalwart advocate of the principles and policies for which the Democratic party stands sponsor; in 1882-3 he represented the thirtieth district in the state senate, and in 1888-9 he was a mem ber of the lower house of the legislature. He is a member of the Georgia bar association and of the Phi Delta Theta college fra ternity. On Dec. 20, 1882, Judge Davis was united in marriage to Miss Nancy Middleton Heard, daughter of James Lawrence and Mary Oliver (Harper) Heard, of Elberton, Ga., and they have two children: Melissa Heard Davis and Philip Watkins Davis, Jr.

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JOHN ERNEST DONALSON
John Ernest Donalson, of Bainbridge, is one of the distinguished members of the bar of Decatur county and is an honored veteran of the Civil war. He was born in Bainbridge, his present home, April 29, 1846, a son of Jonathan and Caroline Jane (Williams) Donalson, the former born in Pulaski county, Ga., Feb. 28, 1807, and the latter in Thomas county, Jan. 18, 1826. Jonathan Donalson was a child at the time of his parents removal to Decatur county, where he was reared to maturity, becoming one of the extensive planters of the county and a man of prominence and influence in the community. He was a member of the state legislature one or more terms, and died on his planta tion, in Decatur county in November, 1870. He was a son of John and Agnes (Peel) Donalson, the formers father having been a stanch Whig at the time of the war of the Revolution, and of Scotch-Irish descent, the original American progenitors having come from the north of Ireland. The religious faith of the family was that of the Presbyterian church. John Donalson and his brother William were numbered among the first settlers of Decatur county, as clearly designated on page 420, "Historical Collections of Geor gia," by Rev. George White. Agnes (Peel) Donalson, was a daughter of Richard Peel, a prominent resident of Jefferson county, Ga., and a patriot soldier in the war of the Revolution. Caroline Jane (Williams) Donalson, mother of the subject of this review, was a daughter of William and Cassandra (Shepard) Williams, the former born near St. Marys, Ga., his father having immigrated from Wales to America and served as a soldier of the Continental line during the Revolution. William Williams was one of the first settlers and most extensive planters of Decatur county. He was a soldier in the Spanish and Indian wars of the early days, and was a large slave-holder at the time of his death. He was converted when

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venerable in years, becoming a stanch member of the Methodist church about seven years prior to his death, which occurred in 1860. His mother, who bore the maiden name of Hannah Blewett, was a granddaughter of William Blewett. who was born in England and became an early settler in North Carolina. John E. Donalson passed his boyhood days on the homestead plantation and was a student in a school at Chapel Hill at the time of the outbreak of the Civil war, remaining in this school until 1862. In 1863, when but sixteen years of age, he enlisted as a private in Company A, Dukes Kentucky regiment of General Morgans command, and while he was confined to the hospital with an attack of measles his regiment went with Morgan on his last memorable raid into Ohio, where all were captured or met death. He was then trans ferred to Company A, Fifth Florida battalion of cavalry, with which he participated in several engagements in the western part of Florida. Because of his skill in military tactics he acted as drill master for his battalion, though his rank at the time was but that of fourth corporal. He continued in service until the close of the war and was mustered out in May, 1865. After his military career thus closed Mr. Donalson resumed his interrupted educa tional work, attending the academy at Mount Zion, Ga., under the instruction of ex-Governor Northen. In 1868 he was graduated in the University of Georgia, with the degree of Bachelor of Arts, and in the following year was graduated in its law department. Aside from the work of his profession Mr. Donalson has been dis tinctively a man of affairs and has accumulated a competency. He has been prominently identified with the naval-stores, lumber ing and farming industries, and was the promoter and founder of the town of Donalsonville, Decatur county, which was named in his honor. He is now engaged in the practice of his profession in Bainbridge, being associated with his son, Erie Meldrim, under the firm name of Donalson & Donalson. Their clientage is of rep resentative order, as is evidenced by the fact that they are general counsel of the Georgia, Florida & Alabama Railroad Company. Mr. Donalson is a member of the American bar association and the Georgia bar association, while in a fraternal way he is identified

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with the Knights of Pythias. He is a Bryan Democrat and has taken a lively interest in public affairs in his county and state. He has served several times as mayor of Bainbridge and was a member of the Georgia constitutional convention of 1877, in which he was the author of the provision, "There shall be no more new counties in Georgia," a provision which has been overthrown. Mr. Donalson is one of the leaders in the Presbyterian church of his home city and has been an elder since 1869. On Nov. 18, 1874, he was united in marriage to Miss Mary Etta Baker, daughter of, Nathan and Catherine Baker, of Apalachicola, Fla., and the only son of this union, Jonathan Baker Donalson, died Oct. 17, 1877, his mother having passed away in 1875. On Aug. 28, 1877, Mr. Donal son married Miss Amelia Pauline Pohlman, daughter of Henry Jo seph and Henrietta Fredericka (Becker) Pohlman, of St. Louis, Mo.; Mrs. Donalson was summoned into eternal rest in Jan uary, 1902, having become the mother of three children Erie Meldrim, Ralph Graves and Miriam Agnes. The oldest, Erie Meldrim, was born June 11, 1878, and is associated with his father in practice, is a representative of Decatur county in the Georgia legislature, and has recently (1906) been nominated for a second term; Ralph Graves, died March 1, 1881; Miriam Ag nes Iris, was born Jan. 1, 1886. In 1903 Mr. Donalson made a third marriage, being then united to Mrs. Loulie M. Gor don, widow of Walter S. Gordon and daughter of Jonathan J. and Sarah Jane (Kirby) McClendon, of Coweta county, Ga. No children have been born of the third marriage. This third wife is one of the distinguished women of Georgia. She was a representative-at-large of the womens board of the Cotton States and International Exposition held in Atlanta in 1895; was also chairman of the committee on congresses, and a member of the executive committee of the womens board of directors. She was called by the distinguished Northern visitors at that exposition the "Star of the South," and since then in describing her universal popularity John Temple Graves has called her the "Sweetheart of Georgia." Col. and Mrs. Donalson have an elegant residence in Bainbridge, where they have become famous for their popular

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entertainments and cordial hospitality. All are welcome to their home, the rich and poor alike, and they make it the rule of their lives to contribute by kind deeds to the happiness of others.

LLEWELLYN G. DOUGHTY
Llewellyn G. Doughty, a prominent cotton exporter and repre sentative business man of Augusta, was born in this progressive city, Sept. 25, 1864, a son of Dr. William H. and Julia (Felder) Doughty. He was graduated in that popular local institution, Richmond academy, at the age of seventeen years, and immediately after leaving school identified himself with the cotton business, by entering, in a subordinate capacity, the office of the firm of J. J. Doughty & Co., of Augusta, where he familiarized himself with all details of this important branch of industrial enterprise, winning for himself promotion and finally a place of prominence as one of the successful cotton exporters and dealers of his native city, where he has been individually engaged in business since 1890. Mr. Doughty is president of the Riverside Compress Company, incorporated, whose charter was granted Dec. 27, 1905, with a capital stock of $40,000 and a plant erected and equipped at a cost of about $75,000. The company was organized and the plant erected because of the lack of facilities for the proper handling and storing of cotton, Au gusta being the second largest inland cotton market in the world. This need was perceived by Mr. Doughty, who became the prime mover in bringing about the organization and incorporation of the company named and in placing the same upon a substantial and paying basis. The plant equipment includes an eighty-inch, 2,000ton compound steam-lever press, of the approved Webb manu facture, with a capacity for the turning out of 1,200 bales of cot ton per day of ten hours. The plant has a storage capacity of 7,000 bales of soft cotton and it is expected that the company will

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compress fully 100,000 bales per year, as its plant is the most com plete and improved of its kind in the entire South. Mr. Doughty is a member of the Augusta cotton exchange and the Augusta chamber of commerce; is a director of the Warren Manufacturing Company; a trustee of the Enterprise Manufacturing Company; a member of the Commercial and Country clubs, and the local organization of the Royal Arcanum. He pins his political faith to the Democratic party, is one of Augustas loyal and publicspirited business men, and is closely identified with the citys in terests commercial, civic and social. On June 14, 1894, he was united in marriage to Miss Elizabeth Alexander, daughter of the late Hon. James Hillhouse Alexander, of whom a memoir ap pears in this work, and her death occurred on May 12, 1901. She is survived by a daughter, Jean Irvin Doughty, born Aug. 18, 1896. In April, 1906, Mr. Doughty contracted a second marriage, being united to Mrs. Frank Clark Inman, of Augusta.

WILLIAM HENRY DOUGHTY, M, D.
William Henry Doughty, M. D., was born in Augusta, Ga., Feb. 5, 1863. He was the second son of Ebenezer Wesley Doughty, and a grandson of that Ebenezer Doughty in whose house, in 1798, the Methodist church in Augusta was founded. On finishing his preparation at the academy of Richmond county, W. H. Doughty began the study of medicine at the Medical College of Georgia. This institution, at August, Ga., held then a high place in the scientific world and among its faculty numbered men of the highest attainment in medicine. There he attended two courses of lectures and was graduated with distinction in March, 1855. He entered at once into the practice of his profession in which, but for the interruptions of ill-health and a term of service in the Civil war, he was active up to the time of his death. It

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was when he was starting out as a young physician, not with out discouragements and obstacles to face, that, as he used after wards to tell, his father called him and said: "My son, while I have no estates to turn over to you, I can give you some thing that if you will take it will be worth more than an estate. It is this piece of counsel: Introduce system into your life work. " In after years when Doctor Doughty had attained the first place among the physicians of his section, it was to a good wife and to the heed given this piece of counsel that he owed his measure of success. And those who knew him best know that after making proper allowance for his exceptional natural endow ments of person, intellect and moral force, what he said was true. He regarded an appointment as a sacred obligation and no patient or consultant was ever harassed by his failure to be present at the time set. System in investigation of the details of his patients physical condition, system in the oversight of the minutiae of care and nursing, and system in the working out of a definite plan of treatment these were elements that went far toward securing for Doctor Doughty the exceptional sense of confidence that his patients felt in him. When but little more than fairly established in the practice of medicine the Civil war came on, Doctor Doughty volunteered for the military service and underwent a competitive examination at Charleston, S. C. Despite his youth the brilliant stand taken before the board of examiners gave him at once a high rank in the medical service of the Confederacy. He served a term as surgeon in charge of the general hospital at Macon; of Walkers division hospital, and of the Second Georgia hospital at Augusta. After the war, resuming his private practice, he began at once to identify himself with all aggressive movements affect ing the medical welfare of his community and country. He was a valued member of the Medical Association of Georgia; of the Ninth International medical congress; of the American public health association, 1881; of the Tri-State medical society of Ala bama, Georgia and Tennessee; of the board of trustees of the Augusta orphan asylum; and for some time was a member of the August library and medical society, and of the board of trustees

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of the Wesleyan female college in Macon. Upon the subsidence of the yellow fever epidemic in 1876, he was largely instrumental in effecting a reform in the sanitation of Augusta. The act passed by the state legislature in 1877 creating a new board of health was largely framed by him. Acting under the provisions of this act an effective system of sewers has been established and the mor tality of the city thus greatly reduced. This interest in munici pal health problems led to his becoming a member of the board of health. While serving on this board he solved a difficult prob lem by suggesting an outlet for nearly the entire system of sewers. A special tax of $40,000, as recommended by the board, was levied for the construction of the outlet and the further improvement of the system. Upon the reorganization, after the war, of the medi cal department of the University of Georgia, Doctor Doughty was elected professor of materia medica and therapeutics. From 1868 up to 1875 he filled this chair, when the exacting demands of his private practice compelled his resignation. As a teacher it was his merit to discover and enforce broad principles in therapeutic practice, to lead the student away from the too prevalent meddle some empiricism. It was while connected with the medical col lege that he took part in the revival of the Southern Medical and Surgical Journal, the official organ of the college, and became its assistant editor. Both before and after the war he was a frequent contributor to this and other medical periodicals, to the Richmond and Louisville Medical Journal, on which he served as associate editor, to the American Journal of Obstetrics, and to the Jour nal of the American Medical Association. In a series of articles in the Southern Medical and Surgical Journal running through 1859-1860, he discussed the climatology of different sections of this country with reference to the treatment of tuberculosis. The climatic advantages of southern California as at present estab lished confirm the predictions made by Dr. Doughty from the dis cussion of the meteorlogical data then available. He reported cases of ligature of the subclavian artery, analyzed the then novel knee-chest posture in the reduction of retro-displacements, and made several reports on the treatment of dislocation of the scapu-

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lar end of the clavicle. In a paper presented in 1891 to the American medical association in Washington, Doctor Doughty claimed originality for the discovery and practice of the method illustrated for the reduction and permanent cure of this displace ment of the clavicle. The treatment of such cases up to that time had been regarded as difficult and uncertain and a genuine advance was made by the introduction of his new method, one based on anatomical considerations and requiring no pads or pressure upon the joint which is thus open to inspection at all times. It will thus be seen that throughout his life Doctor Doughty kept fully abreast of the wonderful advances in medicine, and was always quick to unite the best of the old to the best of the new. Doctor Doughty was a man of strong personality. His presence was full of strength, decision, and repose. His counsel carried with it the force of ripe consideration accentuated by a lofty moral dignity. Stern though his bearing may have seemed to those outside the circle of his labors, the tenderness of his sympathies, the sweet, kindness of his ministrations was richly evidenced by the unprece dented outpouring of general sorrow at his death. Even those that knew him well were surprised at the depth and genuineness of the manifestations of grief. The poor that he had helped and those of the first estate, the simple and the wise, were united in their deep sense of loss when this "good physician" was suddenly taken from them. It is rare that a man has given himself so com pletely to his life-work, and his patients soon learned how near to his friendly heart their welfare lay. No labor was too great to devote to those that needed him. At one period of his life, under the strain of a long series of fever cases, his magnificent strength gave way. It was the advice of his physician that he give up hard work. With a calmness born of insight he left his wife and little ones and for nearly two years sought new health in the mountain country. Since this was not long after the war when the fortunes of most were as yet unstable, the faithful wife was left with no light burden to bear. The doctors horse must be sold to keep up the household, but he has often told of his surprise when he found on coming back restored in strength to begin at the bottom again,

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how the devotion and loving thought of the wife had provided a horse and vehicle ready for him to start at once on his work. This faithful helpmate, to whom he had been united in marriage in 1855, was Miss Julia Sarah Felder, daughter of Dr. William L. Felder, himself a notable physician of ante-bellum times. Mrs. Doughty still survives her husband, as do some of their children. Dr. William H. Doughty, Jr., his eldest son, has ably maintained the high professional prestige of the name. His children, Albert S. Doughty, Crowella Ruth, Llewellyn G., Elizabeth Moncreiff, Lucy Alexander, and Clara Louise, together with a large and in fluential clan of brothers and sisters, nephews, nieces and grand children, who looked up to him as the chief pillar of the family name, live to revere his memory.

JAMES A. DREWRY
James A. Drewry, the present ordinary of Spalding county, is engaged in the practice of law in Griffin and is also a clergyman of the Baptist church. He was born in that county, Feb. 13, 1860, a son of Fenton H. and Margaret D. (Grigg) Drewry, the former born at Drewrys Bluff, Va., Dec. 26, 1820, and the latter near Jarratt, Sussex county, that state, Dec. 29, 1826. Fenton H. Drewry was a gallant soldier of the Confederacy during the Civil war, having been a member of a Georgia regiment of volunteers, and after the war he followed the vocation of farming. He departed this life on Jan. 4, 1906. James A. Drewry attended school in Griffin, Ga., Opelika, Ala., and Macon, Ga., and for a time was a student in the University of Georgia. After completing his educa tional discipline he was engaged in farming, in Spalding county, ior thirteen years, and for three years thereafter was a merchant in Drewryville, that county. He then located at Griffin, where he has since been engaged in the practice of law, having been

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admitted to the bar in 1886. He is a stalwart supporter of the principles and policies of the Democratic party; has been incum bent of the office of ordinary of the county since 1896, and served for twelve years as postmaster of Drewryville. In 1896 he was or dained a minister of the Baptist church and has charges in Spalding, Pike and Monroe counties. Since his ordination he has performed over 1600 marriage ceremonies and officiated at more than 800 funerals. He is affiliated with the Masonic fraternity and the Improved Order of Red Men. On Nov. 28, 1883, was solemnized the marriage of Mr. Drewry to Miss Blanche Strozier, of Greenville, Ga.
Blanche Strozier Drewry was born in Meriwether county, Ga., Aug. 11, 1866, and died in Griffin, Ga., April 25, 1906. She was the daughter of Ruben C. and Sarah Elizabeth Strozier of Green ville. Her father, Ruben C. Strozier, was born in Meriwether county, Ga., June 30, 1839, and married Sarah Elizabeth Free man, May 18, I860. He served in the Confederate army in the war between the states. His parents were Peter Strozier, born March 22, 1806, and Mary W. Sherman, born May 22, 1811. They were married Feb. 16, 1826. Sarah Elizabeth Strozier, nee Free man, was born Dec. 4, 1845, and died Feb. 2Q, 1887. Her parents were James Freeman, born in Wilkes county, Ga., and Patsy Rosser, date of birth unknown. Mr. and Mrs. J. A. Drewry had no children.

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NICHOLAS BUTT DREWRY, M. D.
Nicholas Butt Drewry, M. D., has been engaged in active practice as a physician and surgeon of Griffin, Spalding county, for the past forty years and is one of the leading members of his pro fession in this part of the state. He was also engaged in the drug business in Griffin for many years, and during the Civil war was able to render valuable service to the Confederacy through his faithful labors as a surgeon in field and hospital. Doc tor Drewry was born in that portion of Pike county, Ga., which is now included in Spalding county, Dec. 15, 1834, a son of Edwin and Eliza Jones (Williams) Drewry, the former born in Drewryville, Southampton county, Va., April 6, 1798, and the lat ter in Hancock county, Georgia. The father of Edwin Drewry was a valiant soldier of the Continental forces during the war of the Revolution, and was a man of influence in his com munity, the town of Drewryville, Va., having been named in honor of the family. Doctor Drewry secured his early edu cation in the common schools of his native county, and in October, 1854,- was matriculated in Jefferson medical college, of Philadelphia, Pa., later entering the Atlanta medical col lege, in which he was graduated as a member of the class of 1855. Thereafter he was engaged in the practice of his pro fession in Fayette county, Ga., until December, 1859, when he re moved to Jonesboro, Clayton county. In December, 1860, he entered Charity hospital and the New Orleans medical college, where he was engaged in post-graduate work until March, 1861. In September of that year he enlisted as a private in Company E, Thirtieth Georgia volunteer infantry, and soon afterward was ap pointed surgeon, entering service in the field. He was commis sioned surgeon, with rank of assistant surgeon, in January, 1863, and was then assigned to hospital duty, in which capacity he served until after the close of the war, at the medical college

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hospital in Atlanta until June, 1864, and then to February, 1865, was in charge of the distributing hospital at Columbus, Miss. He then returned to the Atlanta medical college hospital where he remained in charge of the wards to care for the soldiery returning from the war until May, 1865, having been thus detained for some time after the final surrender of Generals Lee and Johnston. After the close of the war, in 1865, Doctor Drewry opened a drug store in Griffin, where he entered actively upon the prac tice of his profession, conducting his drug store until Sept. 1, 1899, when he disposed of the business, and has since devoted his atten tion entirely to the work of his profession, controlling a large and representative practice. He has served continuously as president of the board of education of Griffin since 1880; and was a member of the city council in 1869-70; was again a member in 1875, and served also as mayor pro tern. He represented Spalding county in the state legislature in 1882-3. In 1902 he was appointed a member of the board of directors of the Georgia experimental station by Gov. Alien D. Candler, and on Dec. 6, 1904, he was elected mayor of Griffin, in which office he gave a most pro gressive and satisfactory administration. In 1849, Doctor Drewry became a member of the Baptist church at Whitewater, Fayette county, and in 1857 he was ordained a deacon in the same church. In 1891 he was elected moderator of the Flint River Baptist asso ciation and served in this office seven years in terms of two years at the first two incumbencies as that was the limit of a members service by the rule of the association, but in 1902, he was again elected to the position as moderator and at the end of the term of two years, the association abandoned the rule of limiting the term of service to two years, and he was again elected and is at this time filling the position. The Doctor has been a Mason since 1856; is identified with the lodge, chapter and council of this time-honored fraternity, and is a past worshipful master of Meridian Sun Lodge, No.. 26, of Griffin. He is a member of the Spalding county medi cal association and the Georgia medical association, and the United Confederate Veterans. On Sept. 10, 1857, Doctor Drewry was united in marriage to Miss Marie Louise Ellis, daughter of Dr.

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James T. and Nancy (Dunn) Ellis, of Spalding county, and her death occurred on Aug. 4, 1864. Following is a brief record con cerning the children of their union: Blanche graduated in Richmon college, Richmond, Va., and is now the wife of Charles H. Westbrook, of Griffin; Dr. T. Ellis Drewry likewise attended Rich mond college, after which he was graduated in medicine in the Atlanta medical college and Jefferson medical college, being now engaged in practice in Griffin; Nicholas B., Jr., died, at the par ental home, Oct. 6, 1881, having been at the time a student in the University of Georgia. On Jan. 8, 1868, Doctor Drewry con tracted a second marriage, being then united to Miss Mary Minor Herndon, daughter of Reuben Herndon, and the only child of this union is Joseph Herndon, who was graduated in Mercer univer sity in 1889 in the law department of the University of Georgia in 1890, and is now engaged in the mercantile business in Atlanta, Ga. Mrs. Mary M. Drewry was summoned to the life eternal on July 23, 1891, and on Oct. 5, 1893, Doctor Drewry married his present wife, whose maiden name was Julia McGown McWilliams and who is a daughter of Robert Patrick McWilliams, of Griffin.

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FLEMING GRANTLAND DU BIGNON
Fleming Grantland du Bignon, a prominent member of the Geor gia bar, engaged in the practice of his profession in the city of Atlanta, has been influential in public affairs in Georgia and is a leader in the councils of the Democratic party in this common wealth. He was born on the parental homestead, Woodville plan tation, five miles distant from Milledgeville, Baldwin county, Ga., July 25, 1852, a son of Charles and Ann V. (Grantland) du Big non, the former born on Jekyl island, Glynn county, Ga., Jan. 4, 1809, and the latter in the state of Virginia, June 23, 1823. Charles du Bignon, a representative of one of the early settled families of Georgia, was of pure French extraction in the agnatic line, the lineage being of distinguished order. He was a participant in one of the Indian wars in this state and in the Civil war he was unreservedly loyal to the Confederacy, serving as captain in the Governors Horse Guards, of Milledgeville, in Cobbs legion of Georgia cavalry. He enlisted in 1861 and served until 1863, when he received his honorable discharge. Mrs. Ann V. du Bignon was a daughter of Hon. Seaton Grantland, who served six years as a representative of Georgia in the United States Con gress, and her paternal grandfather was a patriot soldier in the Continental line during the Revolution. Fleming G. du Bignon se cured his preliminary educational discipline in the Virginia military institute, after which he took a technical course in the law depart ment of the University of Virginia and was admitted to the bar of Georgia in 1873. He engaged in the practice of his profession in Milledgeville, where his success was marked and soon rose to prominence along professional and public lines. He served two years on the bench of the county court of Baldwin county; in 1880-81 represented that county in the state legislature; and in 1882-3 was a member of the state senate, representing the twen tieth district. In the autumn of 1883 he removed to the city of Savannah and in the following year was elected solicitor-general

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of the eastern circuit. Before the expiration of his term he was again elected to the state senate, from the first district, and he had the further distinction of being chosen president of the senate, holding this position during the sessions of 1888-9, proving a most able and popular presiding officer. In 1896 Judge du Bignon was the candidate of his party for the United States Senate, on the gold platform, but he encountered defeat, owing to the insistent freesilver tendency shown in the state. In 1897 he was elected chair man of the Democratic executive committee of the state, retaining this incumbency three years, at the expiration of which he re signed. In 1888 and again in 1892 he was a delegate from the state at large to the Democratic national conventions, being chair man of the Georgia delegation in 1892 and a zealous supporter of Grover Cleveland in the convention hall. In 1889 he declined the nomination for governor, to accept the office of general counsel for the Plant railway system, with offices in Savannah, a position of which he remained the incumbent until the system was reor ganized as the Atlantic Coast Line. He is now general counsel for the Southern Express Company. Since 1903 Judge du Bignon has been engaged in the practice of his .profession in Atlanta, where he has a representative practice in both the state and Fed eral courts. He is a member of the Oglethorpe club, of Savan nah; the Capital City club, of Atlanta; the Manhattan club, of New York city; and is affiliated with the Royal Arcanum. On Nov. 26, 1874, he was united in marriage to Miss Caro Nicoll Lamar, daughter of Charles A. L. and Caroline Agnes (Nicoll) Lamar, of Savannah. In conclusion is entered brief record con cerning the children of this union: Caroline Lamar du Bignon was born in Savannah, Feb. 24, 1876; Anne Grantland du Bignon was born in Milledgeville, Aug. 19, 1877; Charles du Bignon was born in Milledgeville, Aug. 19, 1879; and Mary Lamar du Bignon was born at Woodville plantation, the birthplace of her father, Jan. 20, 1881.

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JAMES WARREN ENGLISH
James Warren English, of Atlanta, is one of the distinguished citizens and influential business men of the state, having been prominent in public and civic affairs, identified with enterprises of wide scope and importance, and having shown himself at all times loyal, earnest and progressive, while his is the honor also of having rendered gallant service as a soldier of the Confederacy during the war between the states. Captain English was born in Orleans parish, La., Oct. 28, 1837, a son of Andrew and Mary (Warren) English. His father was a planter and died when the subject of this sketch was but twelve years of age. Two years later the mother also passed away, leaving the orphaned boy de pendent upon his own resources. He had attended the country schools while on the home plantation and at the age of fifteen years he entered upon an apprenticeship at the trade of carriagemaking, serving four years and becoming a skilled workman, in the meantime attending night schools as opportunity afforded, thus effectively supplementing his rudimentary education. He continued to follow the work of his trade until the outbreak of the Civil war, having in the meanwhile taken up his residence in Griffin, Ga. On April 20, 1861, he enlisted as a private in the Spalding Grays, at Griffin, and on the same day his company was sent forward to Virginia, as part of the Second Georgia battalion of infantry, which later served in the brigades of Gen. A. R. Wright, Gen. V. J. B. Girardy, and Gen. G. M. Sorrell, participating in nearly every battle fought in Virginia, Maryland and Pennsyl vania. On the night of April 7, 1865, in company with Col. Heman H. Perry, assistant adjutant-general of Sorrells brigade, he received the first written communication from General Grant to General Lee suggesting the surrender of General Lees army, and the brigade surrendered with Lee, at Appomattox. Colonel Perry has referred to Captain English as "one of the bravest, cool-

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est, most faithful and vigilant officers in the Confederate army." He was lieutenant in command of his company at the time of the surrender, April 9, 1865. After the close of the war Captain, English decided to make Atlanta his home, and arrived in the pros trate city on May 14, 1865, to find the ashes made by Shermans torches still undisturbed in many places. During the interven ing years he has been a potent factor in Atlantas growth and prosperity, in fact the history of no one of the years would be complete without the mention of his name and his efforts to pro mote the citys interests. In 1877-8 Captain English was a mem ber of the city council and chairman of its finance committee. In 1878 a constitution was submitted to the people of the state, and among other questions involved in the same was the permanent location of the state capital, with especial reference to Atlanta and Milledgeville. At that time there was much opposition to its lo cating in Atlanta, by reason of the capital having.been removed to this city under the military government at the close of the war. The mayor and council of Atlanta urged Captain English to or ganize a committee on location of the capital in the citys inter est and to present her claims to the voters of the state. He ef fected such an organization, and the committee devoted four months to the task in hand. After hard and efficient work in be half of the city, Atlanta was selected as the . permanent capital, by a majority of 44,000. A few public-spirited citizens subscribed money to pay for the printing and other legitimate expenses of the committee; the city government did not contribute one dol lar to that fund. In recognition of his able and zealous services as chairman of that committee the citizens of Atlanta presented Captain English a handsome silver tray, appropriately inscribed. In 1881-2 Captain English gave distinguished service at the head of the municipal government. Previously to his election to the office of mayor there were subscribed $300,000 of eight per cent, bonds for the purpose of building what was known as the Georgia Western railroad, extending from Atlanta through the coal fields of Alabama. These bonds were sold at from sixty to eighty cents on the dollar, but little work was accomplished and the road was

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sold under a judgment obtained by Grant and Alexander, the principal contractors, and was purchased by the Louisville & Nashville Railroad Company, the object being to prevent compe tition. In March, 1881, Captain English and a few other influen tial citizens met in the office of Samuel M. Inman, .for the purpose of devising means to acquire title to the property that had thus been sold and to complete the construction of the road as orig inally contemplated. In company with Anthony Murphy, Captain English visited New York for the purpose of opening negotiations with the directors of the Louisville & Nashville Company with a view to regaining possession of the property in question, and after twenty days they succeeded in securing the surrender of the property and making arrangements with others that resulted in the building of the road from Atlanta through the coal fields of Alabama to Greenville, on the Mississippi river. This line is now the property of the Southern Railway Company. After he as sumed the office of mayor the first reform work of importance to be undertaken in the interest of good government was the clos ing up of the numerous gambling houses in the city, at which time the gambling paraphernalia and outfits were burned and the gamblers forced to move on. Since that time, 1882, there has not been a gambling house within the corporate limits of the city. Within his administration Mayor English changed the volunteer fire department to a paid department, bought and paid for the de partments real estate and equipments and put in operation the present electrical fire-alarm system. Under his regime was also instituted the first permanent street improvement, and new pumps were installed in the water works, in which other noteworthy im provements were also made. In March, 1883, after his retirement from the mayoralty, the city council elected him a member of the board of police commissioners, on which he served continuously until March, 1905, when he made unqualified resignation. In Oc tober, 1893, he tendered his resignation as a member of the board, but the mayor and council so nearnestly urged his reconsideration of his resignation, manifesting the deepest appreciation of his ef forts and services in a letter of protest against his retirement, that

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he felt constrained to continue his service in the capacity. Dur ing his tenure of office the police system was greatly improved, the present barracks were erected, the present signal system in stalled and the rules for governing the department made efficient and consistent. During his connection with this board Captain English also served a number of years as a member of the board of education, and was one of the original subscribers to the fund for the erection of the Grady hospital, of which institution he was a trustee for some time. The local Young Mens Christian Asso ciation property was paid for by public subscription, and the first, and last, meeting held for the purpose of raising the necessary funds to pay for the site and make the improvements was held in the home of Captain English, Capt. Evan P. Howell presiding and Henry W. Grady acting as secretary. Captain English served as chairman of the building committee and chairman of the board of trustees, of which latter office he still remains incumbent. At the time of his retirement from the office of mayor of Atlanta, the Atlanta Constitution, under date of Jan. 1, 1883, spoke as follows: "It is seldom that any officer retires from a trust so universally honored and esteemed as does Mayor English this morning. The two years of his rule have been the most prosperous years the city ever knew, much of which is due to the fact that he has been the best mayor within our memory. In every sense his regime has been successful. He has put under control at least a lawless element that has heretofore defied city officials. He has re stricted gambling to a few secret corners, if he has not driven it out altogether. In a financial sense the result has been quite as happy. The English administration closes its year without having one dollar of debt or a single bill payable. A paid fire de partment has been established and a fire-alarm system built. The assessment and tax-paying has been so amended and enforced that, without increasing the burden, the volume of income has been very largely increased. * * * Mayor English leaves of fice without a blot on his name or a stain on his record and will have the confidence and affection of his people." In April, 1885, Captain English became interested in promoting and building

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railroads, and within the ensuing five years he built 500 miles of railroad in the state of Georgia, and developed some valuable coal and other mineral properties. In 1890 he organized the American Trust & Banking Company, of Atlanta, of which he is still presi dent, as is he also of the Fourth National bank, which he organ ized in 1896. In 1903 he organized the Fulton Building Company, which erected the present building of the Fourth National bank, one of the finest business structures in the city. He is president of the Chattahoochee Brick Company, of Atlanta; is a director of the Central of Georgia Railway Company and the Atlanta & West Point Railway, and was president of the Atlanta Terminal Company, whose structure was completed in May, 1905. He be lieves that the future prosperity and progress of the South, espe cially of Georgia, depends to a great extent on manufacturing, through which remunerative employment may be given to increas ing population and the incidental development of resources in sured. He has always urged his fellow citizens to engage in and invest their capital in manufacturing industries in the South, and has been concerned in starting several such enterprises. He has ever been a stanch supporter of the Democratic party, is affiliated with the United Confederate Veterans, the Masonic fraternity, the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, and also holds member ship in a number of social clubs. He and his family are members of the Presbyterian church. On July 26, 1866, at Griffin, Ga., Cap tain English was united in marriage to Miss Emily A. Alexander, and of their six children five are living.

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JAMES W. ENGLISH, JR.
James W. English, Jr., one of the representative business men of the younger generation in Atlanta and chief of the military staff of Gov. Joseph M. Terrell, is a native of Georgia and is one of the most prominent and popular young men of the state. He was born in Griffin, Spalding county, June 11, 1867, a son of Capt. James W. and Emily (Alexander) English. He has large business interests in Atlanta and is a leader in the social life of the city. He secured his earlier education in the public schools of Atlanta, having graduated in the Boys high school in June, 1883, after which he took a course in mechanical engineer ing in the Massachusetts institute of technology in the city of Bos ton. He then returned to Atlanta, and became interested in rail road construction. From 1885 until 1891 he was actively engaged in this line of business, and among the roads constructed by the company with which he was identified were the Chattanooga, Rome & Columbus, the Georgia Midland & Gulf, the Atlanta & Florida, the Columbus Southern, and a number of less important branch lines. In 1891 Colonel English returned to Atlanta and was elected general manager of the Chattahoochee Brick Com pany, of which his father was president. He served in this capac ity until 1900, when he was elected vice-president, retaining the latter incumbency until the present time. He is also president of the Lookout Mountain Coal and Coke Company, and the Central Mining Company; is president of the Palmer Brick Company, and a member of the directorate of the Fourth National bank. He is also interested in a number of other important enterprises. In 1895, associated with a few friends, he secured control of the At lanta Traction Company of which he was president for several years, finally disposing of his interests at a handsome profit. Col onel English has occupied many positions of honor and trust. He was a director of the Cotton States and International exposition,

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held in Atlanta in 1895, and for several years he has been a trus tee of Grady hospital. In 1900 he was appointed by Governor Candler commissioner to represent the state of Georgia at the Worlds Fair in Paris, where he passed three months in the dis charge of his official duties. Having personally received a splen did technical education, he has been a firm friend of the Georgia school of technology and active and liberal in its support. When Aaron French, of Pittsburg, Pa., offered to give the institution $20,000 on condition that the city of Atlanta would contribute a like amount, Colonel English was one of the first to subscribe $1,000 toward the necessary sum. He has always been an active promoter of movements looking to the advancement of Atlanta and the state at large, being progressive and public-spirited and always ready to lend aid and influence in any good cause. In late years he has given not a little attention to state and municipal poli tics, being a stanch supporter of the Democratic party. In 190 he was appointed to his present position as chief of the staff of Governor Terrell. He made the first subscription of $1,000 to se cure the consolidation of all the southern Presbyterian universi ties in Atlanta, $250,000 being raised the same night at a meeting held in the Grand opera house. In 1899 he became very largely interested in the convict lease system of the state, having em ployed more than 1,000 state convicts in saw-mills, brick yards, coal mines and turpentine farms in -which he was interested, and he had at that time the reputation of being the largest individual employer of convict labor in the world. At the expiration of this convict lease in April, 1904, the state was enabled to lease its con victs under terms which yield to the commonwealth more than $200,000 per annum in excess of the amount previously received. It was principally through the efforts of Colonel English that this noteworthy change was effected, as he established the price which the state is now receiving for the labor of its convicts. He was for several years a member of the governing board of the Capital City club and was president of the Piedmont Driving club in 1903 and 1904. He is prominent in the business and social life of the fair

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capital of the state, his beautiful residence, one of the finest man sions in the city, being a center of gracious hospitality. On April 29, 1896, he was united in marriage to Miss Rebie Lowe of Atlanta.
JOHN HOLBROOK ESTILL
John Holbrook Estill, is a native of Charleston, S. C, and was born Oct. 28, 1840. As a. conspicuous example of a self-made man ;:the story of his career is of unusual interest. His success has been due to his own unaided exertions. He began life at the bottom of the ladder. Indomitable perserverance, steady application, rare executive ability and excellent judgment are features of his char acter. He was one of a family of eleven children. His father was a bookbinder, bookseller and printer, and from his earliest years Colonel Estill has been in one way or another connected with the printing business. His father moved from Charleston to Savannah in 1851 and at eleven years young Estill began his career in the office of the Evening Journal. Two years later he left the print ing office to attend school, and between the school sessions clerked in a store. In 1856 he returned to Charleston and com pleted his apprenticeship. After three years he again came to Savannah and became one of the proprietors of the Evening Ex press, his first newspaper venture. It can be said of Colonel Estill that he is a newspaper man "from the ground up." He has . been at the head of the Savannah Morning News, one of the most influential newspapers in the South, since 1867. In that year he purchased an interest in the paper and a year later secured its entire control. With what success he has devoted the best years of his life to it, the paper itself, a great news journal, clean and honorable, fair in its- partizanship and just to its opponents, is the best monument. Colonel Estills military career began in 1859, when he joined the Oglethorpe Light Infantry, with which

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he entered service in January, 1861, in the First volunteer regi ment of Georgia, and was on duty at Fort Pulaski before the regi ment entered the Confederate States service. He went to Virginia with the same company, which became a part of the Eighth Geor gia regiment, and served under the lamented Bartow. He was severely wounded at the battle of Manassas and on account of dis ability resulting from his wounds, he was honorably discharged from the service. Since the Confederate war Colonel Estill has continued to take an active part in military affairs, having served as captain of Company F, First regiment Georgia infantry. In 1895 he was placed on the retired role of National Guard of Geor gia, with the rank of lieutenant-colonel. He is an honorary mem ber of the Oglethorpe Light Infantry, and a life member of the Georgia Hussars, Savannah Cadets and Savannah Volunteer Guards. He is also commander of Lafayette McLaws Camp, No. 576, United Confederate Veterans. Outside of his profession Col onel Estill has taken an active part in many successful business enterprises. There are few men more prominently identified with the industrial and commercial progress of Savannah. He built the Barnard and Anderson street car line in 1878 and upon its con solidation with the City and Suburban railway became its presi dent; was president of the Savannah Investment Company, which in 1890 built the first electric street railway in Savannah; was president of the Metropolitan Steam Fire Engine Company in the old volunteer fire service, an influential organization just after the war; was county commissioner of Chatham county for twelve years; was a prime mover in the company which introduced elec tric lighting in Savannah; helped organize the first cotton mill in Savannah; has been president of the Chatham Real Estate and Improvement Company since it was organized in 1885; was one of the organizers of the company that built the Desoto hotel; was a director of the South Bound railroad and of the Savannah Con struction Company which built the South Bound (now the Sea board Air Line between Savannah and Columbia) ; is president of the Pilots Navigation Company, the steam pilot boat of which bears his name; was the first president of the Mutual Gas Light

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Company; is vice-president of the Georgia Telegraph and Tele phone company; is a director of the Citizens and Southern banks; is a member of the Savannah cotton exchange, and board of trade; a director of the chamber of commerce of which he was the first president, and a director of the Savannah Benevolent association, a charitable organization which is known throughout the entire country. He is also the president of that ancient charity, the Bethesda orphan house, founded by George Whitfield more than a century and a half ago and has held the office since 1878. He is a member of the Georgia Historical society, the Savannah Yacht club and of a number of social organizations. He has been a member of the Chatham county board of education for twenty years. He is a prominent Mason, a past master of Solomons Lodge No. 1, a life member of Georgia Chapter No. 3, Royal Arch Masons; a member of Palestine Commandery, No. 7, Knights Templar; and a thirty-second degree Scottish Rite Mason, and a Noble of the Mystic Shrine. In public office Colonel Estill has been chairman of the Democratic state executive committee and in 1892 was the Georgia member of the Democratic national com mittee, the only honor in national politics that he ever accepted. During President Clevelands administration he was offered one of the most important consul-generalships, but declined it. In 1902 he was a candidate for governor of Georgia and made a most remarkable race against Gov. Joseph M. Terrell and Hon. Dupont Guerry, the Prohibition candidate. In his canvass he visited nearly every section of the state and met the people in their offices and homes, in the factories and on the farms. His personal con tact with them and his candid and straightforward expression upon public questions won him confidence and support, and although defeated for the office, he won the distinction of having made what, in many respects, was the most remarkable race in the history of Georgia. In 1906 he was again a candidate against Hon. Clark Howell, Hon. Hoke Smith, Hon. Richard Russell and Col. James M. Smith, and pursued the same dignified course in what was probably the most heated campaign the state has ever knpwn.

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WILLIAM FREDRICK EVE
William Fredrick Eve, who since 1878 has been upon the bench as judge of the county court of Richmond county and its successor, the city court of Richmond county, was born in Augusta, Ga., March 8, 1851. He is descended from distinguished English an cestry, his great-grandfather having been Oswell Eve, a captain in the English navy, who resigned his position a number of years prior to the Revolutionary war and settled at Germantown, Pa., near Philadelphia. He took an active interest in the welfare of the colonies, and was one of the signers of the protest against the Stamp Act. Joseph Eve, the grandfather of Judge Eve, was a planter in the West Indies, and the inventor of the first roller gin for long staple cotton. These gins were manufactured in the Bahama Islands until his return to the United States, when he continued their manufacture, first at Charleston, and afterward near Augusta, his plant at the later place, in 1811, being within sight of the place where Eli Whitney manufactured his gins. The father of Judge Eve was Joseph Adams Eve, M. D., LL. D., a dis tinguished physician of Augusta, and one of the founders of the Medical Department of the University of Georgia. He won a na tional reputation for skill in his profession, and was noted for his general benevolence. His wife, Sarah Garland Combs, was a woman of strong saintly character, and was the mother of a large and in fluential family. The early education of Judge Eve was acquired in the Richmond academy of Augusta, and in Adairsville, Ga., under the private instruction of Maj. John H. Fitten. He also spent two years in the academic departments of the University of Vivginia as a student of philosophy, literature, history and kindred studies, and then took up the study of law in the same institution under John B. Minor and Stephen O. Southall, two dis tinguished professors of that time. Three years having been passed in collegiate work in the university, he was graduated in the

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class of 1871. He at once returned to his home in Augusta, and in September of that year was admitted to the bar. Before entering upon the practice of his chosen profession he went to Washington, Ga., where he spent a year in the law office of William M. Reese, a distinguished jurist and a former law partner of Robert Toombs. On the expiration of that period he opened his office in Augusta, and remained an active member of the bar until his elevation to the bench. The judicial bent of his mind was clearly manifest in his service as a justice of the peace. He was elected to that office for the one hundred and twentieth district, G. M., when but twentyone years of age, and his decisions indicated singular clearness and judgment. In 1875 he became the solicitor of the county court of Richmond county, and for three years filled that position. In October, 1878, he was appointed by the governor of the state, judge of the county court of Richmond county. When it was superseded through an act of the legislature, by the city court of Richmond county, he again received an appointment from the governor to the bench of the newly created court, and has been the incumbent since September, 1881. The jurisdiction of the city court is coextensive with the county, with unlimited jurisdiction, and on the criminal side has jurisdiction in misdemeanors, with writ of error direct to the supreme court of the state in both civil and criminal cases. The functions of this office make him the sole commissioner of roads and revenue for Richmond county, and the duties of this position, in addition to those of the bench, he has performed continuously since October, 1878. As a judge upon the bench he has made an enviable record for insight into the principles of the cases brought before him. His decisions have been reviewed in sixty-five volumes of the Georgia Reports, and his opinions have been almost uniformly sustained by the higher court. He has taken a bold stand against certain infractions of the law, especially the carrying of concealed weapons, and has been notably active in suppressing mob violence, having won national fame in these particulars. Judge Eve has long been and remains an active par ticipant in many public and private enterprises of the city. He is a member and for several years was the president of the Richmond

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county agricultural society. He is a member of the state bar associa tion and the Augusta bar association. In business life he figures prominently, being the president of the Augusta and Summerville Land Company, vice-president of the Augusta Real Estate and Im provement Company and a director in the Mutual Real Estate and Building Association, and the West Side Development Company. Among charitable and religious organizations he is a member of the board of managers of the Augusta orphan asylum, a director in the Young Mens library association, and a steward in the Meth odist church. In politics he has always been an ardent Democrat, sustaining the party in all its positions, and being prominent in the councils of the party leaders of the state. On May 16, 1876, Judge Eve was married to Miss Ida Allie Evans, the daughter of Gen. Clement A. Evans, a commanding officer of the Confederate ser vice, and a minister of the Gospel. Their living children are: Al lie Walton, Sarah Garland, William Frederick, and Ida Evans.

WILLIAM HANSELL FISH
The history of the state, as well as that of a nation, is chiefly the chronicles of the lives and deeds of those who have con ferred honor and dignity upon society, whether in the broad sphere of public labors or in the more circumscribed realm of individual activity. Georgia has ever had reason to be proud of the standing of its bench and bar and by William H. Fish, the present chief justice of the supreme court of the state, has this high prestige been maintained. He was born in the city of Macon, Ga., May 12,1849, a son of Judge George W. and Martha E. (Hansell) Fish. His paternal grandparents were William and Sarah (Harvard) Fish, who removed from Washington county to Baldwin county, Ga., where they continued to reside until their death. His maternal grandparents, William Y. and Susan (Harris)

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Hansell, passed the closing years of their lives in Cobb county, :Ga., whither they removed from Baldwin county. Judge Fish is a nephew of Judge Augustin H. Hansell, of Thomasville, Ga., and a grandnephew of Judge Iverson L. Harris, a former justice of the supreme court of Georgia. Judge Fish was reared in Oglethorpe, Macon county, where he received his early education. After due preparation he entered the University of Georgia, from which he was graduated as a member of the class of 1869, receiv ing the degree of Bachelor of Arts. Subsequently he took a course in the law department of the University of Virginia, but by reason of the death of his father he was forced to discontinue his studies in that institution before receiving a degree. He was admitted to the bar, at Oglethorpe in 1871 and he built up an extensive practice in the southwestern judicial circuit. In January, 1877, he was ap pointed judge of the county court of Macon county, which office he held continuously until September, 1891, when he was elected to the bench of the superior court of the southwestern circuit, to fill an unexpired term. Subsequently he was twice elected judge of that circuit, without opposition. In 1896, just after his second reflection to this office, he was elected associate justice of the supreme court of the state, and in the allotment of terms he drew the short term, of two years. In 1898 and again in 1904 he was reflected an associate justice, for full terms. In September, 1905, upon the death of Chief Justice Thomas J. Simmons, he was ap pointed to his present office, that of chief justice. He spares neith er time nor labor in his legal investigations and preparation, hand ling legal questions with marked clearness of illustration, strength of argument and fullness and variety of learning. Judge Fish was a trustee of the University of Georgia from 1893 until 1905, when he requested the governor not to reappoint him, as he felt that his duties on the supreme bench precluded him from giving the prop er attention to those demanded by his incumbency as trustee of the university. For many years he has been a trustee of Wesleyan Female College, at Macon. He has never held oraspired to any political office. He and his wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal church South, in which he has served as steward for

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many years. In 1876 Judge Fish was united in marriage to Miss Mary P. Hines, of Sandersville, Ga., and they have one child, Nina, who is now the wife of Henry S. McCleskey, of Americus, Ga. Chief Justice Fish lived at Oglethorpe, until 1891, when he removed to Americus, Sumter county, where he has since main tained his home, though his duties as a member of the supreme court have demanded that he pass the greater portion of his time in Atlanta.

JOHN FLANNERY
John Flannery stands prominent in the business and civic affairs of his home city of Savannah and in the state at large, having been long concerned in enterprises and industries of broad scope and one of the honored and loyal citizens of the state of his adop tion. He was born in the town of Nenagh, County Tipperary, Ireland, Nov. 24, 1835, a son of John and Hannah (Hogan) Flannery, the former a native of Nenagh, where he was born about 1806, and the latter born in Silvermines, same county, about 1812, and continued a resident of the Emerald Isle until her death. The subject of this review secured his early educa tional discipline in private schools in his native town and dur ing a portion of the years 1850-51 was a student in the public school of Silvermines. In September, 1851, he severed the ties which bound him to home and native land and set forth with his father for America, arriving in Charleston, S. C., on Oct. 26th. In Atlanta, Ga., he secured a position as clerk in the dry-goods and clothing establishment of S. Frankfort, in April, 1852. In August following he resigned this position and returned to Charleston, where he was employed in a similar capacity until December, 1854, when he located in Savannah, where he was engaged in clerk ing and bookkeeping, for various concerns, until the outbreak of

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the Civil war. He manifested unqualified loyalty to the Southern cause by enlisting, on May 30, 1861, as junior lieutenant in the Irish Jasper Greens, First volunteer regiment of Georgia, in the service of the Confederate States for a term of sixty days. On Aug. 10, 1861, he enlisted for six months, being made first lieuten ant of his company Jan. 30, 1862, and reenlisted on Feb. 14, 1863, for a. term of three years or until the close of the war, as the case might be. He was promoted to captain on October 20, 1862. During the major portion of his first and second terms he was with his command in garrison duty at Fort Pulaski. His com pany was detached from the regiment and was at Lee battery, on the Savannah river, from February, 1862, until May, 1864, when it returned to the regiment and joined the army under Gen. Jo seph E. Johnston, in North Georgia, with which he served, with slight intermissions in June and July, until after the Tennessee campaign under General Hood. At Corinth, Miss., Captain Flannery became seriously ill, in January, 1865, and this practically terminated his active military career. He was en route from the hospital at Columbus, Ga., to join his command in North Caro line when the surrender of the Confederate armies took place. He was paroled on May 15, 1865, at Augusta, Ga. Upon the re organization of the Georgia volunteers, in 1872, he was reflected captain of his old company, and continued in that office consecu tively until April, 1898. In July, 1865, he entered into partner ship with L. J. Guilmartin and E. W. Drummond and engaged in business in Savannah, under the firm name of L. J. Guilmartin & Co., the concern doing a cotton-factorage and general commission business. In 1868 Mr. Drummond retired from the firm, and in June, 1877, a final dissolution of the. copartnership took place, Captain Flannery purchasing the assets of the firm. He then be came associated with John L. Johnson, and they continued the en terprise, under the title of John Flannery & Co., until the death of Mr. Johnson, in December, 1900. On June 1, 1901, the business was re-organized as a corporation under the laws of the state as the John Flannery Company, and continues under that name, Cap tain Flannery having served from the start as president of the

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company, to whose founding and upbuilding he has contributed in so large a measure. He was one of the organizers and incorporators of the Southern Bank of the State of Georgia, in Novem ber, 1870; was a member of its original directorate; became presi dent of the institution in February, 1881, and served as such until the consolidation of the bank with the Citizens bank, in February, 1906, when he became first vice-president of the consolidated banks. He is a director and also vice-president of the Chattahoochee & Gulf Railroad Company; was a member of the board of directors of the South Bound Railroad Company prior to its ab sorption by the Florida Central & Peninsular Railway Company; was also a director of the Georgia & Alabama Railroad Company until it was merged with the Seaboard Air Line; is a director of the United Hydraulic Cotton Press Company and the Savannah Hotel Company, owners of the magnificent Hotel DeSoto, in Sa vannah ; and a director of the Southern Pine Company of Georgia. He was president of the Jasper Monument Association, which erected the beautiful monument to the memory of Sergeant Will iam Jasper, in Madison Square, Savannah, this monument having been unveiled on Feb. 22, 1888. His liberality and public spirit have been exemplified in divers and effective ways and all that concerns his home city is a matter of deep interest to him. He has been a member of the Savannah cotton exchange since 1875; has been identified with the Hibernian Society since 1866; holds membership in the Georgia Historical society, the Savannah Yacht club, the Atlantic club, the Reform club, of New York city, and other organizations, including the United Confederate Veterans. He is a stanch supporter of the Democratic party and its princi ples, and served as chairman of the Savannah sinking-fund com mission from 1878 to 1888, when he declined reflection. On April 30, 1867, was solemnized the marriage of Captain Flannery to Miss Mary E. Norton, daughter of Patrick and Honora (Harty) Norton, of Locust Grove, Talliaferro county, Ga., and of the six children of this union four died, before attaining to the age of three years. Kate, the eldest, was born July 10, 1868, and is now the wife of R. T. Semmes, of Savannah; John McMahon. Flannery was

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born Nov. 7, 1872, and died Dec. 29, 1900. Mrs. Flannery died on June 11, 1899. She was a member of the Catholic church, of which her bereaved husband is a communicant.

WILLIAM M. FULCHER
William M. Fulcher, clerk of the superior court of Burke county and head of the insurance and brokerage firm of W. M. Fulcher & Co., of Waynesboro, was born on a farm in that county, Dec. 3, 1858. In the same county were born his parents, Vincent W. and Eloise (Wimberly) Fulcher, the former on Feb. 13, 1814, and the latter April 26, 1825. The father, who was a planter by vocation, is deceased, and his widow is still living, wonderfully well preserved in mind and physical powers, though eighty-one years of age, in 1906. Her husband was never con fined to his bed by illness until the day prior to his death, which occurred April 18, 1889. They became the parents of six sons and six daughters, and of the number five sons and three daughters are living, two of the sons having been loyal soldiers of the Con federacy in the Civil war. The subject of this sketch was a child at the time of the war, but he was identified with the state militia for a number of years, having been for four years captain of the Burke light infantry, constituting Company E, First regiment of Georgia state troops. Captain Fulcher had practically no specific educational advantages in his youth, as he was reared in the period of great depression in the South after the Civil war, the family fortunes having reached the lowest ebb, so that he had no oppor tunity to attend school. By observation, absorption and practi cal experience hehas made good to a large degree this handicap of his youth, and is a man of broad information and strong men tality. At the age of fifteen years he started forth to fight the battle of life on his own responsibility. For several months he

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was manager of a country store and later he was employed as sales man in a store in the city of Augusta. He then went west, pass ing one summer in the city of St. Louis, Mo., where he was em ployed as a solicitor. Upon his return to Waynesboro he became a clerk in the general store of his brother Julian L., and four years later formed a partnership, under the firm name of J. L. Fulcher & Bro. This partnership continued five years when Captain Fulcher withdrew from the firm and became manager of the Waynesboro Supply Company, retaining this position two years, at the expira tion of which, in 1895, he engaged in his present line of enterprise, insurance and general brokerage, in which he has been very suc cessful. In 1904 he admitted to partnership his brother Vincent M. and also Arthur F. Evans, and the business has since been con ducted under the title of W. M. Fulcher & Co. In politics the captain is a stanch supporter of the cause of the Democratic party, and he has been called to offices of public trust. He was a mem ber of the board of aldermen of Waynesboro for six years; served an equal period as registrar of Burke county; was elected clerk of the superior court in 1902; was chosen as his own successor in 1904 and is the present incumbent of the office. He is affiliated with the Masonic fraternity, in which he has attained to the rank of Knight Templar, is also identified with the Mystic Shrine, and is past master of his lodge and past high priest of his chapter. He is a member of the Methodist Episcopal church South, and is a steward of the Waynesboro church of this denomination as well as superintendent of its Sunday school. Mrs. Fulcher holds mem bership in the Presbyterian church. On Dec. 21, 1898, Captain Fulcher was united in marriage to Miss Sadie Dent, daughter of Dr. James M. Dent, a representative physician of Waynesboro, and they have one son, William M., Jr., born Sept. 23, 1902.

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JAMES GARDNER
James Gardner was born in Augusta, Ga., Jan. 28, 1813. His father was born in Glasgow, Scotland, emigrated to this country, married Miss Elizabeth McKinnie, of Newburn, N. C, and they made their residence in Augusta. James Gardner attended the Richmond academy, where he took his initiatory education, as did many other Georgians, some of whom became distinguished, such as Hon. John P. King, and Gov. William Schley. This academy has long been famous for its thorough system of instruction, .and its first-class teachers. It also enjoyed the distinction of having been visited by General Washington, when, as president of the United States in 1791, he was in the city of Augusta, the then capital of Georgia. In this school, as also in Union college, Schenectady, N. Y., where he graduated with honors, James Gard ner displayed remarkable aptitude for the acquirement of knowl edge. After graduation, he returned home, and entered the lawoffice of George W. Crawford, under whom he studied law and was soon admitted to the practice. So pleased was Governor Crawford with his law pupil that he took him in partnership, and the firm of "Crawford & Gardner" lasted until the junior partner was honored by the distinction of being made attorney-general of the state for at that time this office of marked distinction and great responsibility belonged to the middle circuit. Since then it has gone to the capital of the state so far as to require its incumbent to reside there and have an office in the capitol. It was thus a high compliment to James Gardner that he should have been appointed, while so young a man, to this office. It is known that he, more than once, was appointed by the gov ernor to attend important criminal cases in distant parts of the state. While he did not have the gift of impassioned and lurid oratory, he possessed what was more important to his high office profound legal knowledge, and a forceful logical manner of pre-

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sentation of his argument that made him an acknowledged power at the bar. But his great power, which was felt and acknowledged by all, was his unusually gifted pen. No man wrote with more logical force, polish, and brilliancy than did James Gardner. He had fully posted himself in the political history of the United States, and took his stand boldly in defense of Jeffersons theory of our government and its constitution. He was in deed and in truth a Jeffersonian Democrat the best form of Democrat. He purchased the "Constitutionalist" and devoted his great energy and brilliant pen to the strong, unflinching, and ever earnest presentation of Democratic principles. His paper soon became the leading Democratic paper of Georgia. It was said of James G. Blaine, one of the greatest men of the North in his day, that as soon as he became editor of the "Kennebec Journal", he made himself felt in politics. And so it was said of James Gardner as soon as he became editor of the "Constitutionalist," he made him self felt in state and national politics. So rapidly did his influence grow, and so strongly was it felt, that in 1857 he was presented to the Democratic convention of the state by his numerous friends and admirers all over Georgia for nomination for the high office of governor. And though such men of marked distinction and in fluence in the state as Hon. J. H. Lumpkin, of Rome, and Hon. R. G. Lamar, of Macon, were being vigorously pressed for the high honor, Gardner was for several days in the lead. But being as patriotic and unselfish as he was personally able and brave, Mr. Gardner had authorized a friend to withdraw his name if he deemed it best for the harmony of the party. Still the fight went on until a compromise man, Hon. Joseph E. Brown, of Cherokee county, was selected. Gardners paper at once gave him its most valuable and powerful support, and Brown was elected governor. And though the banks and their friends asked, "Who is Joe Brown?" they were soon silenced, and found out who Joe Brown was. The war followed during Browns administration, and when it was ended, Mr. Gardner, who had fought the policies of the Re publican party in all its hostile phases, as they were most ably, yet frankly, presented by Horace Greeley, who afterward became

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the bondsman of Jefferson Davis, favored the nomination of : Greeley for the presidency. He was ready to take the hand offered across the bloody chasm. One of the bravest of the brave, Mr. Gardner had a womans sympathetic heart and he could but ad mire the great journalist who showed manly sympathy for the South. Mr. Gardner had the reputation of being a duelist, but he never fought but one duel, in which he bore himself with calm courage and becoming courtesy to his antagonist. Dueling was popular in that day, but he settled honorably, where he was con sulted, more duels than he ever fought or encouraged. He mar ried in 1847, the charming and accomplished Miss Martha G. S. Jordan, daughter of Green Hill and Elizabeth Taylor (Sanford) Jordan of Milledgeville, Ga. He lived in his native city, Augusta, from his birth until his death, which sad event occurred on Oct. 7, 1874, leaving his wife and six children to mourn his loss. In his death Georgia lost a noble, faithful and able son, who blazed for himself, socially, politically and professionally, an honorable and attractive career in her illustrious history.

J. F. GOLIGHTLY
J. F. Golightly, a representative member of the Atlanta bar, was born at Fairburn, Campbell county, Ga., May 12, 1850, his parents being Pinchney and Emily (Rainwater) Golightly. His paternal grandfather, David Golightly, was born in. Spartanburg district, S. C., a son of William Golightly, who was born in Scotland and died in South Carolina. David Golightly married Nancy Ogburn in his native state and afterward removed to Alabama, buying a farm near the town of Gaylesville, where he passed the remainder of his life. Emily Rainwater was a daughter of James and Polly Rainwater. Her father was born in Spartanburg district, S. C., and was of English and Welsh descent. In 1835 he was ordained as a

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minister of the Baptist church and five years later removed to Georgia, first settling in Coweta county, but afterward removingto Campbell county. From the time of his coming to Georgia until his death in 1873, he was a prominent minister of his denomination in the western part of the state, preaching in many churches in Camp bell, Coweta, Meriwether and Carroll counties. He was also inter ested in agricultural pursuits. Pinchney Golightly, the father of the subject of this sketch, was also a farmer and died in Campbell county in 1891. J. F. Golightly was educated in the schools of his native county and lived with his father on the farm until 1871, after which he made his home with his grandfather for about two years. He then accepted a situation as clerk in a store at Fairburn, remaining there until 1874, when he went to Atlanta to become a traveling salesman for the firm of Stewart, Wood & Fain. His service with this house continued until 1879, when he located at Greenville, S. C., where he formed a partnership with Z. T. Dobbs, the firm doing a wholesale and retail business in stoves, crockery, etc. Two years later the business was disposed of, the partnership dissolved, and about the beginning of the year 1882 Mr. Golightly entered into partnership with W. T. Roberts of Fairburn for the purpose of establishing a wholesale crockery house. New York city was selected as their headquarters, to which place Mr. Golightly removed upon the organization of the firm, and their field of opera tions was the Southern States. This business was sold in 1885 and Mr. Golightly returned to Fairburn, now having an opportunity to realize his long cherished desire to become a lawyer. He entered the office of L. S. Roan, now judge of the Stone Mountain circuit, applied himself diligently to his studies, and in August, 1885, was admitted to the bar under the late Chief Justice Simmons, who was at that time presiding for Judge S. W. Harris. The following year he formed a partnership with his preceptor, under the firm name of Roan & Golightly, and practiced at Fairburn until 1890, when the association was dissolved by mutual consent. In 1893 he formed a partnership with J. H. Longino, of Atlanta, and removed his office to that city, where he has built up a large and representative clientage, his firm ranking high among the legal profession of

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Georgias fair capital city. Their practice extends to the courts of Fulton, Campbell, Fayette and Clayton counties, as well as to some of the adjacent counties and the Georgia supreme court. Politically Mr. Golightly is a firm believer in the doctrine expounded by the Democratic party, and is always ready to defend his political faith. In 1886 and again in 1887 he was elected mayor of Fairburn, both times without opposition. His administration of the municipal affairs of his native town showed him to be a man of ready resources, prompt to grasp a situation and having the courage to do what he conceived to be his duty under all circumstances. In 1896 he was elected to the state senate, to represent the Thirty-sixth senatorial district, composed of the counties of Coweta, Meriwether, Campbell and Douglas. While in the senate he was chairman of the committee on corporations one of the most important com mittees of the general assembly and was vice-chairman of the committee on city and county matters. At the age of sixteen years Mr. Golightly became a member of the Missionary Baptist church, and has ever since been a consistent adherent to that faith. In 1886 he joined the Masonic fraternity at Fairburn and served as worshipful master of Fairburn lodge, No. 180, during the years 1888-89. He was also high priest of Fairburn Chapter, No. 36, Royal Arch Masons, for the years 1891 to 1893, inclusive, and in 1891 was nominated high priest in the Order of the High-Priesthood at Macon. The honors conferred on Mr. Golightly, both in his polit ical and fraternal associations, have come to him unsought and unsolicited, and he can refer to them with a just pride as being the voluntary testimonials of his fellow-men as to his merits and capa bilities. In 1875 he married Miss Henrietta J., daughter of Leander and Mary Vickers, of Fairburn, and to this union have been born the following children: Mary Golightly Roan, aged thirty years (1906); James Bernard, aged twenty-six; Aubrey Rainwater, aged twenty-four; Logan Bleckley, aged twenty-one; Henry Tucker, aged seventeen; Urvyle Sinclair, aged fourteen, and Helen Good man, aged eleven. Although Mr. Golightly established his office in Atlanta in 1893 he continued to reside in Fairburn until 1901, when

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he removed his family to Atlanta, where his wife and children, as well as himself, have won the respect and good will of all who have come within the circle of their acquaintance.

JOHN ROBINSON GRAMLING
John Robinson Gramling, who was for many years identified with the commercial interests of Georgias fair capital city, was born at Spartanburg, Spartanburg county, S. C, April 30, 1843, a son of Kennedy and Mary Ann (Wood) Gramling, both of whom were representatives of old and prominent families and both natives of South Carolina. His paternal grandfather, Andrew Gramling, was born on Nov. 31, 1783, a son of Adam Gramling, a veteran of the Revolution. Kennedy Gramling was born on Jan. 21, 1813. He served in the Mexican war as a captain and was an officer in the Confed erate army during the Civil war. On the maternal side Mary A. Wood was a daughter of Robinson Wood, who was a prominent figure in North Carolina. Her mother was Elizabeth Royston, daughter of Richard Royston, a member of one of the first families of Virginia. There is a town in Spartanburg county, S. C., called Gramling, that was named in honor of the family. John R. Gramling was educated in the schools of Canton and Cumming, Ga., and supplemented his training there with a^ wide course of reading until he was regarded as one of the best in formed men in a general way in the community in which he lived. He enlisted in the Confederate service at the beginning of the Civil war and served as a faithful soldier until the end of the conflict, as a private in Hamptons legion. Soon after the close of the -war he located in Atlanta, where he continued to reside the rest of his life. In 1874 he became a member of the firm of Gramling & Spalding, wholesale dealers in shoes, and by his energetic and honorable business methods soon won a high place in the mer-

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cantile circles of the city. Doctor Spalding, his partner in busi ness and warm personal friend, said of him: "He was one of the most honest, straight up and down men that I ever met. Having a perfect genius for business, he it was who was the principal pro moter of our business interests through the long years that have passed." Although Mr. Gamling began his business career at the close of the war without capital and on a salary of only fifteen dollars a month, he achieved success by his honesty and indom itable will power. Obstacles that might have discouraged other men had no terrors for him. In 1886 he organized the Atlanta Banking Company, of which he remained president until the time of his death. In his political affiliations he was an unswerving Democrat, and though he was never a seeker for public office, he was elected in 1883 to a place on the board of aldermen of Atlanta. Here he was chairman of the finance committee and was the first man to negotiate cheap bonds at four and one-half per cent. for the city of Atlanta. He was several times reelected and his rec ord as one of the municipal legislators stands like his private busi ness career, without stain. Previous to his election as alderman he had served the city as one of the police commissioners, to which position he was appointed in 1876, and when the board of county commissioners was created he was elected one of the first mem bers for Fulton county. In all the public positions he held, his course was uniformly marked by sound judgment and a desire to conserve the public welfare. He was a member of the Young Mens library association, out of which grew the present Carnegie library. In fraternal circles he was well known, having been a member of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows and was at one time worshipful master of Atlanta Lodge, No. 59, Free and Ac cepted Masons. He was a consistent member of the Methodist church, with which he united while a resident of Gumming. On Jan. 22, 1868, he was married in Hall county to Miss Anna Eliza Porter, daughter of Benjamin Franklin and Delana Scott (Bell) Porter, of Flowery Branch, Ga. Benjamin F. Porter was a prom inent merchant of Hall county and a descendant of the Porters of Virginia and Pennsylvania. His wife was a noted belle and was

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of stanch Revolutionary stock. Francis Bell served in the Ameri can army in the Revolution in a North Carolina regiment; Thomas Bell was in the colonial wars in Pennsylvania, and his father, William Bell, was an officer in the Provincial war 1747-48. His record is on file at Harrisburg, Pa. Mr. and Mrs. Gramling be came the parents of the following children: Charles, Kate, Eula, Robert E., and Anna. Kate is now the wife of Edwin A. Hardin. John R. Gramling passed to his eternal rest on May 28, 1890. Of his death the Atlanta Constitution of the 29th said: "The death of John R. Gramling is a severe loss to Atlanta. Mr. Gramling was a model citizen, broad minded, progressive, liberal and publicspirited. He was a splendid type of the men who have built the Gate City and contributed so much to her progress and prosper ity. In all the relations of life and in every circle that he entered, his admirable traits of character, his clear head and mind and heart made him honored and beloved. Taken away in the prime of useful manhood, his death will strike most of us as the untimely ending of a bright career, but such lives leave their lessons to carry on the good work."

JAMES RICHARD GRAY
James Richard Gray was born in Adairsville, Bartow county, Ga., Sept. 30, 1859, a son of Col. John W. and Sarah J. (Venable) Gray. His mother, Sarah J. Venable, came from the good English stock of Abram Venable, of Devonshire, England, whose name is in the records of the House of Burgesses of Virginia and on the army rolls of the Revolution. James R. Gray attended the best schools of the vicinity, and was exceedingly for tunate in being located conveniently to the school of Col. John H. Fitten, one of the most successful and well known educators in the state at the time, who prepared many boys from Georgia, as well as other states, for the sharp battles of life. He was a strict

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disciplinarian, a man of broad culture, and young Gray became the beneficiary of the splendid training of this accomplished instructor. Afterwards, young Gray, possessed of a magnificent training, from pious and devoted parents, attended the North Georgia agricul tural college, at Dahlonega, and graduated at that institution, a school that has given to the state and country many worthy sons who have won renown and done noble service in the public life. James R. Gray was not a child of fortune, and, like many others of our truest and best men, cleared his own way through all ob stacles and won by courage and industry a high position in pub lic esteem. There was nothing that suggested luxury, and there is nothing suggesting effeminacy in the life and character of Mr. Gray. His father was a lieutenant-colonel in the Eighth Geor gia battalion, and from him the son inherited the manly character that has asked no odds in the struggle to climb to places of honor and responsibility. On Nov. 16, 1881, Mr. Gray was married to Miss May Inman, daughter of Walker P. Inman, one of Atlantas most substantial citizens. With this charming companion, his married life has been most happy. There are five children .to bless the union three daughters and two sons. Mr. Gray is thoroughly devoted to his family and to his home life. In the prime of life, with a magnificent physique, at the head of one of the most influ ential daily papers in the South, having the confidence of all who know him to the highest degree, large brained, large hearted, fear less to do what he regards as right, it may be safely said he is in the front rank of prominent, useful, patriotic and devoted Geor gians. There seems to be something in the atmosphere of the mountains that gives mental as well as physical vigor to the youth who grow up amid such environments. A sturdy independence, an unmistakable self reliance, a courage that does not fear any obstacle, a method of thought that goes directly to the subject and arrives at safe conclusions are all characteristics of this class of young men. Mr, Gray was .born, reared and educated where Na ture has planted vast monuments of beauty and grandeur, and his own life has been an exemplification of his mind and soul attuned to Natures loftiest moods. In all his business and professional

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career, there has ever been displayed in a marked degree, a rugged honesty, a directness of purpose, an invincible will, and an un daunted courage. In 1879 he entered the practice of law in At lanta and in 1886 became a member of the law firm of Ellis & Gray. He soon took rank among the leading lawyers of the Atlanta bar and for twenty-two years he occupied an enviable position among his brother lawyers, eminently successful in his professional work, with no thought of changing the even current of his life until the owners of the Atlanta Journal, of which he was one of the largest holders, begged him to assume the editorship and general man agement of the paper. He consented and from 1902 until now he has steadfastly devoted his time, energy and mind to building up this great paper to still greater proportions. He has seen it suc ceed beyond the hopes of its founders, has made it a great finan cial success and a power in the development of Georgia and the South. Mr. Gray is a leader and a potent factor in every enter prise in which he is engaged. He is not a "dumniy" in any busi ness, but gives his personal attention to all public and private enterprises with which he is connected.

WILLIAM R. HAMMOND
William R. Hammond, a prominent member of the Atlanta bar and ex-judge of the superior court, was born in Franklin, Heard county, Ga., Oct. 25, 1848, a son of Dennis F. and Adeline E. (Robinson) Hammond, the former born in Edgefield district, S. C, Dec. 15, 1819, and the latter in the state of Tennessee, Aug. 8, 1824, being a daughter of John Robinson, who was one of the early settlers of Carroll county, Ga., whither he removed from Tennessee in the early part of the nineteenth century. He was a successful planter and influential citizen of Carroll county. Den nis F. Hammond was a successful lawyer, widely known in Geor gia, and was judge of the superior court from 1855 to 1861, hav-

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ing been the first judge of the Tallapoosa circuit. He was mayor of Atlanta in 1871. He passed the last ten years of his life in Orlando, Fla., where he died on Oct. 31, 1891. His widow is still living and has passed the age of four score years. Her father lived to attain the patriarchal age of ninety-two years, as did also the mother of the latter. William R. Hammond was educated in the University of Georgia, in which he was graduated in 1869, with the degree of Bachelor of Arts and with first honors of his class. For three or four months before the close of the Civil war he served in the state militia. He was in Atlanta during the siege .and was an eye-witness of the famous battle of Atlanta, July 22, 1864, having watched the conflict from the excellent vantage point of the tower of the old city hall, which occupied the site of the present state capitol. Judge Hammond was admitted to the bar of his native state in 1870, and has ever since been engaged in the practice of his profession in the city of Atlanta. In 1882 he was elected judge of the superior courts of the Atlanta circuit; was re flected in 1884 and resigned the office in 1885, to give his entire attention to his large and important legal business. In his pro fessional career he has appeared in many notable cases. In the case of Cox vs. the State (64 Georgia, 374 to 423) he argued the case before the supreme court for the plaintiff in error, and Judge Bleckley said in his opinion that the case was argued on both sides with "unusual thoroughness and remarkable ability." Chief Justice Warner sent to Judge Hammond a message that he had made the best speech in that case that he, the chief justice, had ever heard in the supreme court. Though Cox was convicted Judge Warner entered a dissenting opinion, and Governor Stephens later pardoned Cox, stating that he agreed with Judge Warner. In many other equally important cases Judge Hammond has ap peared, both in the state and federal courts. He has been a mem ber of the Georgia bar association from the time of its organiza tion and is also identified with the American bar association. He is a stanch advocate of the principles and policies of the Demo cratic party, in whose cause he has done effective service. Judge .Hammond has for many years been active and uncompromising
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in temperance and anti-saloon work, believing firmly that the liq uor traffic is one of the greatest hindrances to the progress of civilization and one of the worst evils afflicting humanity. He has made but one race before the people for political office. In 1888 he was nominated for the state senate on the anti-saloon plat form, and out of a vote of 3,500 in the Democratic primary he was defeated by about 160 votes. He entered the contest at the urgent solicitation of the temperance people of Atlanta and against his personal inclinations; was compelled to fight the whole saloon and liquor influence, and the leader of the opposition stated in the con nection that Judge Hammond made the best race ever known in the political annals of Fulton county. Judge and Mrs. Hammond are prominent members of Trinity Methodist Episcopal church South, with which he has been identified since 1867. He has been a member of the board of trustees of Wesleyan female college, in Macon, Ga., for about fifteen years, and is also a trustee of the Georgia state industrial college at Savannah, a noble institution for the education of colored youth, having held this position from the time of the organization of the college. He served about ten years as a member of the board of education of Atlanta. On Oct. 6, 1870, was solemnized the marriage of Judge Hammond to Miss Laura Rawson, daughter of Edward E. and Elizabeth W. Rawson, of Atlanta.

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ANDREW HANLEY
Andrew Hanley was a man of whom it can be aptly said, "In every march of progress he stepped out with the leaders." This fact was evident in his every undertaking, but particularly so in the establishment of his business, the largest builders supply house south of Baltimore. In thirty years this enterprise grew from a modest stand on an obscure corner to an ambitious corporation requiring a building covering an entire block a result that bears sufficient testimony to his ability, industry, persever ance and progressiveness. Mr. Hanley was born in Dublin, Ireland, Feb. 10, 1846, there receiving his education and learning his trade, but desiring a broader field, he turned toward the country of the boundless plains and limitless opportunities, immigrating to New York in 1866, where he immediately began his climb to suc cess. He first arrived in Savannah in 1867 but after a few months journeyed on to New Orleans, later going back to New York where he remained until 1869, when he returned to the Georgia city to locate permanently. His first venture in business was made in 1870 in partnership with William LeMaire, but after a year, he severed this connection and formed a new one with William McKenna, which, likewise was later dissolved and thereafter he car ried on his business alone. So well did he succeed that in 1897 he was president of a business incorporated for $100,000 and owned and occupied an imposing four story brick building bounded by the four streets of Barnard, President, Whitaker and York, one of the most desirable sites in the city. He was also one of the organizers and directors of the Citizens bank, now the Citizens and Southern bank, and a stock holder in the DeSoto Hotel Com pany. Beside these local interests, he was sole owner of the Suwanee Springs hotel, a famous resort in Florida, where, on ac count of his health, he spent the last eight years of his life. In addition to this splendid business career, Mr. Hanley must ever

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be identified with some of the strongest fraternal organizations of Savannah, being for many years affiliated with the Hibernian so ciety, the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks and the Irish Jasper Greens, a military body of which he was an active member until about ten years before his death when he was elected to the honorary class, a distinction likewise conferred upon him by the guards. He was also alderman of the city for one term, during which he was presented with a gold-headed cane as the most pop ular member of that board. Personally Mr. Hanley was a man of genial and attractive manners, retiring and unassuming, and ever responsive to every appeal of misfortune or distress. In tastes he leaned to sports of the reel and gun, being particularly adept with the latter, often taking part in shooting contests, and once at Schuetzen park, now Greenwich House, a private home, he won a gold-headed cane for the excellence of his marksmanship. In 1870 Mr. Hanley was married to Miss Jane McGloine, of County Sligo, Ireland, then on a visit to her brother in Savannah, and it was thirty years before either of them returned to the land of their birth. A second trip was made in 1897 for the benefit of Mr. Hanleys health, which had been very much impaired for some time before his death, which occurred in Boston, Mass., Feb. 6, 1903. He is survived by his wife and four children, Andrew, Jr., Mrs. Hugh M. Comer, Loretta and Marion. A man may give his blood for his country and then build only a house for his bones, but he who gives his brain and brawn erects an edifice for the countless generations yet to be.

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THOMAS HARDEMAN
Thomas Hardeman, who is now living practically retired in the attractive little city of Louisville, is one of the most extensive planters of Jefferson county, where he owns a fine landed estate. He was born on the old homestead plantation, in Jones county, Ga., Dec. 6, 1840, and is a son of Hon. Robert V. and Elizabeth C. (Henderson) Hardeman, the former born in Virginia, April 26, 1800, and the latter in Georgia, March 3, 1804. Both passed the closing years of their lives in Georgia. Robert V. Har deman was a prominent member of the bar of Georgia and served as judge of the superior court of the Ocmulgee circuit and sev eral terms as a member of the state legislature; he was also a colonel in the Cherokee Indian war, and was a man of prominence and influence in his day and generation. At least nine representa tives of the Hardeman family have been members of the bar, in cluding the father and two brothers of the subject of this sketch, the other brother having been a physician, and one of Mr. Hardemans own sons is likewise a member of the legal profession. Thomas Hardeman, whose name initiates this brief review, com pleted his educational discipline in Oglethorpe university near Milledgeville, Ga., being graduated in 1860, a member of the same class as the well known poet, the late and lamented Sidney Lanier, the president of the institution at that time having been Rev. S. K. Talmage, D. D., LL. D. Mr. Hardeman has been concerned with plantation interests from his youth to the present time. When the Civil war was precipitated upon a divided nation he showed his loyalty to the Confederacy by enlisting in a company of Jones county cavalry, but was not called into active service in the field. Mr. Hardeman is to-day the owner of 3,200 acres of land in Jefferson county, all in one body, constituting one of the finest demesnes in that section of the state. The estate is located ten miles west of Louisville, is improved with good buildings and

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is under effective cultivation, having produced as high as 400 bales of cotton in a single year. Mr. Hardeman located on this planta tion in 1868 and there continued to reside until 1904, when he turned the active management of the place over to an overseer and removed to Louisville, where he has since resided in the at tractive modern house which he here erected as a home. He was appointed delegate to the Farmers national congress for three terms successively by Gov. W. J. Northen, Gov. Alien D. Candler and Gov. J. M. Terrell, and attended the sessions of the congress at Savannah and Macon, Ga., and at Richmond, Va. He is, per haps, the oldest correspondent in point of service in the state of Georgia to the national department of agriculture, at Washington, D. C. He was commissioned principal correspondent for his county by the secretary of agriculture and for a quarter of a cen tury has sent in monthly reports on crop conditions and other sub ject matter as requested by the department, rarely, if ever, failing in all these years to forward his reports on time. He is a stanch adherent of the Democratic party, and he has served consecutively as a member of the board of education of Jefferson county for a quarter of a century and as president of the board for fifteen years, taking a deep interest in the cause of popular education in his home county and state. While resident on his plantation he built a school house for his children and individually employed an able instructor. He also gave his children excellent educational ad vantages of a higher order, five of the number being college or university graduates. He is a member of the town council of Louisville at the present time and takes a loyal interest in all that concerns the well being of the community. He is an elder in the Associated Reformed Presbyterian church, in which he has long been an active and zealous worker, and is a trustee of Due West female college, at Due West, S. C., a nourishing institution main tained under the auspices of the Associate Reformed synod of the South. Mr. Hardeman has been four times married and has seven living children. His first three wives are deceased, no disagree ment or divorce having severed any of the marriages. His pres ent wife, to whom he was married Sept. 8, 1891, was Miss Martha

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Phillips, a daughter of the Rev. David G. Phillips, D. D., a former resident of Louisville and a prominent clergyman of the Associate Reformed Presbyterian church at the time of his death. The seven children are William G., Robert N., Julia, Elizabeth, Dollie, Frank and Eloise, the last named being the only living child of the last marriage. Julia is now the wife of Millard W. Rhodes, of Louisville, and Elizabeth is the wife of Dr. Ambrose M. Wylie, of South Carolina.

A. LEE HATCHER
A. Lee Hatcher, a representative member of the bar of Johnson county and an influential factor in local, political and civic af fairs, is engaged in the practice of his profession in Wrightsville, the judicial center of the county. He is a native of Johnson county, where he was born Dec. 25, 1874, a son of William D. and Sarah (Bryant) Hatcher, the former of whom was born in Wash ington county and the latter in Jefferson county, Ga. His grandfather, Eldredge Hatcher, was an officer in the Confeder ate service in the Civil war and died while in the service, at Rich mond, Va. William D. Hatcher is a planter by vocation and both he and his wife are still resident of Johnson county. A. Lee Hatcher passed his boyhood days on the homestead plantation and after a due preliminary discipline entered the Nannie Lou Warthen institute at Wrightsville, in which institution he was gradu ated with honors as a member of the class of 1895. In 1899 he was matriculated in the law department of the University of Georgia, where he completed the prescribed course and was graduated as a member of the class of 1900, receiving the degree of Bachelor of Laws and being duly admitted to the bar of his native state. Im mediately after his graduation he opened an office in Wrightsville, and has met with unqualified success in the work of his profes-

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sion, being recognized as an able trial lawyer and safe and con servative counselor. He has a representative clientage and has been identified with much important litigation in the courts of the county. Mr. Hatcher is one of the most ardent and enthusias tic supporters of the Democratic party in Johnson county, and has done most effective service in behalf of the party cause. In 1901-2 he was chairman of the Democratic executive committee of John son county, and within the period of his incumbency of this posi tion the Populist party received its first defeat in the county in eight years. Mr. Hatcher is now (1906) the chairman of the Johnson county Democratic executive committee. In 1901 he was elected justice of the peace and served one term. He is affiliated with Anderson Lodge, No. 243, Free and Accepted Masons, of which he is secretary; Wrightsville Chapter No. 114, Royal Arch Masons; Johnson Lodge, No. 110, Independent Order of Odd Fellows; and Wrightsville Lodge, No. 204, Knights of Pythias, of which he is chancellor commander. Both he and his wife hold membership in the Methodist Episcopal church South. On April 3, 1901, Mr. Hatcher was united in marriage to Miss Minnie May Tompkins, daughter of William A. and Emma M. (Hales) Tompkins, the former of whom died in 1890, in John son county, where his widow still maintains her home. Mr. and Mrs. Hatcher have two children, Pauline M. and Albon Lee.

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SAMUEL L. HAYES
Samuel L. Hayes, of Thomasville, Ga., who died in Atlanta, Sept. 29, 1902, was one of the prominent and honored citizens of Thomas county. He was a leal and loyal soldier of the Confederacy in the war between the states and in all the relations of life his integrity was impregnable. He attained to marked success in tem poral affairs, but ever showed a high appreciation of his steward ship and of the responsibilities such success entails, so that selfishness and intolerance were never -evidenced in his make-up. Mr. Hayes was born in Charleston S. C., Oct. 23, 1841, a son of John Richard and Sarah Ann (Wiley) Hayes, the former born in Clarke county, Ga., Nov. 4, 1808. Representatives of both fam ilies were soldiers in the Indian wars and also the war of the Rev olution. The maiden name of his maternal grandmother was Ann Jack and she was resident of Mecklenburg county, N. C. She was a near relative of James Jack, who had the distinction of bearing to Philadelphia and presenting to the Continental Congress the Mecklenburg declaration of independence. John Richard Hayes acted as assistant secretary of state under his maternal uncle, Ed ward Hamilton, who was secretary of state in Georgia during the administrations of Governors Troup, Forsyth and Gilmer. Mr. Hayes was a student in the University of Georgia at Athens, when the Civil war was precipitated and he promptly tendered his aid in defense of the cause of the Confederacy. In April, 1861, at the age of nineteen years, he enlisted as a private in Company K, Third Georgia infantry, which became a part of Wrights brigade. The regiment was first assigned to service on the "Merrimac," at Ports mouth, Va., whence it was sent to Roanoke island and then to the Dismal swamp, after which it joined the Army of Northern Vir ginia, with which it served to the end of the war. Mr. Hayes was promoted to the office of sergeant, was with his command in the battles around Richmond, and took part in the battles of Seven

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Pines, Chickahominy, Malvern Hill, second Manassas, where he was wounded in the shoulder, then at Harpers Ferry and the en gagement at Sharpsburg, where he was twice wounded. He was on picket duty at Fredericksburg and gave the alarm when the enemy attempted to lay the first pontoon; was severely wounded at Chancellorsville; participated in the battles of Gettysburg, the Wilderness, Cold Harbor, Culpepper Court House and Peters burg; surrendered with his command at Appomattox, and it may consistently be said that no braver or truer son of the South wore the gray during the four long years of the great conflict between the states. After the war Mr. Hayes engaged in the general mer chandise business and later became a successful cotton factor. He retired from these lines of enterprise to organize the Thomasville National bank. As president of that institution he brought the same to a status as one of the most solid and successful banking houses in the state, strong financially and helpful to thousands. He continued president of the bank until his death. In politics he was a stanch supporter of the principles and policies of the Demo cratic party, and was called upon to serve in various offices of pub lic trust and responsibility. For many years he served continu ously as a member of the board of aldermen of Thomasville; was chairman of its finance committee and was also long in service as a chairman of the board of county commissioners, where he ever manifested marked liberality and public spirit. He was a devoted churchman and took a prominent part in the work of the local or ganization of the Methodist Episcopal church South, having been chairman of its board of stewards for many years. He was identi fied with the Masonic fraternity, the United Confederate Veterans, the Royal Arcanum and the Ancient Order of United Workmen. On June 28, 1871, was solemnized the marriage of Mr. Hayes to Miss Sallie Louise Wright, daughter of William C. and Evelina Elizabeth Ross (Abercrombie) Wright, of Montgomery, Ala., and she still maintains her home in Thomasville. Of this marriage were born six children, namely: John Richard, Marion Wiley, Mary Evelina, Sara Louise, Samuel LeRoy and Ross Hamilton. All are living except John R. and Mary E., both of whom died in

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infancy. Mr. Hayes was known as a philanthropist and benefac tor. He was a man of distinctive culture, courteous and kindly, and extremely modest. He was a stanch friend to young men, many of whom he assisted in a business way as well as by per sonal encouragement and advice. He was a man of firm convic tions and of few words. He was courtly and patrician in appear ance and his character was symmetrical and beautiful. He was indeed one of natures noblemen.

BENJAMIN WILKINSON HEARD
Benjamin Wilkinson Heard was one of the distinguished and honored citizens of Wilkes county and left upon his times the impress of a strong and noble manhood. He was prominent as a planter and capitalist and served as the first mayor of Wash ington, to whose development and material and civic up building he contributed in unstinted measure. He was born in Wilkes county, Ga., Sept. 3, 1821, and his parents were also natives of the same county, where his father, Jesse Faulkner Heard, was born Jan. 17, 1785, and his mother, Caroline (Wilkinson) Heard, Jan. 1, 1793, their marriage having been solemnized on March 5, 1809. His ancestry on both sides traces back to the Old Dominion state, in which so much of our national history was fostered, and his father served as a commissioned officer in the war of 1812. The latters father, who likewise bore the name of Jesse Faulkner Heard, served with the patriot troops of Virginia in the war of the Revolution. In Virginia he mar ried Miss Judith Wilkinson, an English lady, and besides the son and namesake the family included several daughters. His service in the Revolution is indicated on the records of Wilkes county, Ga., where he was given large grants of land. The subject of this memoir well maintained the military honors of the name, having

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served in the Georgia campaign as a brigadier-general of the Con federate troops in the Civil war, in which he continued on active duty until its close. He was educated in Washington, and main tained his home in his native county throughout the course of his long and signally useful life. He was identified with plantation interests from his youth to the time of his death, operating exten sively in this important industrial line, and becoming one of the leading capitalists and business men of the county. In politics he accorded a stanch allegiance to the Democratic party, ever mani festing a loyal interest in the furtherance of its cause. He was elected the first mayor of Washington and as chief executive of the municipal government gave a most admirable administration, gaining to the city the reputation of being one of the best ordered in the state, and this without raising the established rate of taxa tion. He was originally identified with the Baptist church but later united with the Presbyterian, his sincerity and deep Christian faith being shown in his daily walk and conversation. He was a Mason of high degree and was ever devoted to this noble and timehonored fraternity. He was a man of fine intellectuality, a good linguist and endowed with high mental accomplishments, his mem ory being exceptional, as indicated in his facility in quoting freely and at length from the best standard literature, of which he had read widely and with appreciative discrimination. Generous, tol erant and hospitable, he stood as a type of the old-school gentle man of the South, and his home life was gracious and delightful in all its relations. Gen. Heard was twice married. In February, 1855, he was united to Miss Zilla Victoria Bradley, daughter of Francis and Pherabe (Goldsby) Bradley, of Summerfield, Ala., and she is survived by two children, Mrs. Annie E. Callaway and W. W. Heard. On Dec. 2, 1869, Gen. Heard married Miss Sue B. Blakey, of Russellville, Ky., and the issue of this union is Jesse Faulkner Heard, of Washington.

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EBEN HILLYER, M. D,
Eben Hillyer, M. D., a retired physician and honored citizen of Rome, is a representative of one of the old and influential families of Georgia, which state has ever been his home. He was born in Athens, Clarke county, Ga., Aug. 12, 1832, a son of Junius and Jane Selina (Watkins) Hillyer, the former born in Wilkes county, Ga., April 23, 1807, and the latter in Greene county, May 17, 1807. All four great-grandfathers of Doctor Hillyer were patriot soldiers in the war of the Revolution, namely: Dr. Asa Hillyer, Thomas Watkins, Joel Early and Capt. John Freeman. George Walton, a great-uncle of the doctor, was one of the signers of the Declaration of Independence, and Peter Early, governor of Georgia during the war of 1812, was also a great-uncle, as was Rob ert Watkins, one of the prime factors in formulating the state gov ernment of Georgia and in the writing of its first constitution. Junius Hillyer was a man of distinction in his day and generation and honored the state of Georgia by his life and service. He served on the bench of the superior court, was a member of Congress two terms and was solicitor of the United States treasury in Buchanans administration. He was a man of spotless integrity and gra cious personality, retaining the respect and confidence of all with whom he came in contact. Dr. Eben Hillyer secured his prelim inary or literary education in Athens and Penfield, Ga., and was graduated in the famous old Jefferson medical college, of Philadel phia, as a member of the class of 1854. When the Civil war was precipitated on a divided nation, Doctor Hillyer promptly entered the service of the Confederacy, becoming surgeon with the rank of Major. He was assigned to duty as surgeon of the Eighth and Thirty-second Mississippi regiments, Lowerys brigade, Cleburnes division, and was present at the battles of Resaca, Cass Station, New Hope Church, Dallas, the siege of Atlanta, the battles of July 21 and 22, 1864, at that point, and also the engagements

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at Jonesboro and Dalton, Ga.; Decatur and Selma, Ala., and Spring Hill and Franklin, Tenn. He was made president of the army medical board in the Tennessee campaign of the Western Army, and retired from the service only when the cause of the Confed eracy was finally lost. He remained in service until after the last of the wounded from the battle of Selma, Ala., had received proper attention, and was thus on active duty until June, 1865. After the close of the war, Doctor Hillyer resumed the active practice of his profession in the city of Atlanta, where for a number of years he served as professor of institutes of medicine in the old Atlanta medical college. In 1867 he returned to Rome, where he engaged in the practice of his profession and also identified himself with agricultural interests, giving his attention to the same until 1875, when he was made president of the Rome railroad, which po sition he retained for thirteen years, in connection with which he was identified with the executive control of other railroad systems to which the Rome line was attached. For a number of years past he has lived retired from active professional and business associa tions. He is a stanch supporter of the cause of the Democratic party, but has never permitted his name to be used in connection with a candidacy for political office of any description. He became a member of the Baptist church in June, 1855, and has ever since been zealous in its work and support. On July 29, 1857, Doctor Hillyer was united in marriage to Miss Georgia E. Cooley, a great beauty and belle in her section, a most lovely and religious charac ter, daughter of Hollis Cooley, of Rome, concerning whom indi vidual mention is made in this publication. Doctor and Mrs. Hillyer have two daughters: Ethel is the widow of Col. Thomas W. H. Harris, son of James Wafkins Harris. Mabel first married Warren Palmer Willcox, of Savannah, after whose death she mar ried Col. William A. Hemphill. Dr. Hillyers grandchildren are: Catherine Maud, and Ethel Hillyer Harris, daughters of T. W. H. and Ethel Harris; and Ellenor Churchill Willcox, daughter of W. P. and Mabel Hillyer Willcox. Doctor Hillyer in his present home, The Hill City, is respected by all for his justice and probity. He is considered one of the greatest students in Rome, and is a

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noted geologist, Charles Dana, Weir Mitchell, Prof. Agassiz and men of such character being his constant friends and authority. Men often come to consult with him on points of scientific discus sion. His evenings for years have been spent in his library among his books. His fad though is his Sunday school class and many are the happy hours spent in study of the Bible, and though a man of scholarly attainments, his faith is as pure, strong and simple as that of a little child. He is a member of the Georgia Historical society, and of the Veterans of the Confederate war. When the reunion met in his town he threw wide the portals of his home and prepared for fifteen old soldiers. His home has always been open to the poor, the sick, the afflicted and all conventions, no matter whether Womans club or preachers, regardless of denomi nation, find sup at his bounteous board. Perhaps after all has been summed up, the loveliest things to be said of him are that he never turned a tramp away hungry, and never refused to forgive an in jury. As an example of his integrity, he has been made executor of four large estates. In conclusion, it must be said that Doctor Hillyer is a picturesque and magnetic character. Born of cavalier stock, and ante-bellum luxury, he went through a turgid period of blood and hardship, and came out a man, undaunted and true, as did thousands of his day. His motto has always been to do his Duty That word he impresses on children and grandchildren. Though "He slay me yet will I trust in Him," and "I know that my Re deemer liveth," have been his watchwords in sorrow. The public gets a man down right and in the beautiful little town of Rome, Doctor Hillyers word is as good as his bond. In all the relations and duties of life, Doctor Hillyer has been distinguished for un equivocal fidelity and integrity, and absolute devotion to truth and honor have been dominating forces in his makeup, so that he has ever commanded the trust and unqualified regard of his fellow men.

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JUNIUS HILLYER
Junius Hillyer, a distinguished lawyer, jurist and politician of Georgia, was born in Wilkes county, April 23, 1807, and died in Decatur, Dekalb county, June 21, 1886. He was the second son of Shaler and Rebecca (Freeman) Hillyer and was descended in the seventh generation from John Hillyer, who lived at Windsor, Conn., in 1639, and who was the immigrant from whom all the Hillyers in the United States are descended. Both of Junius Hillyers grandfathers were soldiers of the Revolution. His paternal grandfather, Asa Hillyer, served first as a private and then as surgeon in the Continental troops of Connecticut. His maternal grandfather, John Freeman, served as a soldier in the Continental troops of Georgia, the greater portion of the time un der General Elijah Clarke. He was in the battles of Kings Moun tain, Cowpens, Ninety-six, Kettle Creek, Savannah and Charles ton and served part of the time with the rank of captain. Shaler Hillyer, father of the subject of this memoir, died when the latter was fourteen years of age, and his widow soon afterward removed from her home in Wilkes county to Athens, Ga., for the purpose of educating her three sons John F., Junius and Shaler G. at Franklin college, where Junius was graduated in 1828. Having studied law during his senior year, he was admitted to the bar within a month after his graduation and at once began the prac tice of his chosen profession in Lawrenceville, Ga., where he re mained one year. He then returned to Athens in 1829, opened a law office in that place, devoted himself with unremitting energy to his profession, in which he rose very rapidly, soon gaining a large practice, and occupying a place in the front rank of that bril liant and celebrated "bar of the western circuit," composed of such men as Howell and Thomas R. R. Cobb, Charles and William Dougherty, William Hope Hull, Nathaniel G. Foster, William C. Dawson, Alexander H. Stephens, Robert Toombs and Cincinnatus

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Peeples. In politics he was a Democrat, having joined that party upon its formation under the leadership of Andrew Jackson, and he occupied a prominent place in the councils of the party. He, at different times, held the positions of solicitor-general, judge of the western judicial circuit of Georgia, member of Congress and so licitor of the United States treasury, at Washington. Judge Hillyer took an active part in the development of the educational and industrial interests of the state. He was for many years a trus tee of the University of Georgia and also of Mercer university. He was one of the original projectors and stockholders of the Georgia railroad, the first enterprise in railroad building ever undertaken in Georgia. He joined the Baptist church in 1826 and continued throughout his life a consistent member of that denomination. On Oct. 6, 1831, Judge Hillyer married Mrs. Jane (Watkins) Foster, daughter of George and Mary (Early) Watkins, of Greene county, Ga. She was a woman of remarkable strength of mind and loveli ness of character and died in 1880, at Decatur, Ga., to which place the family had removed in 1871. This marriage was a singularly happy one and was blessed with eight children, namely: Dr. Eben Hillyer, of Rome, Ga.; Judge George Hillyer, of Atlanta, Ga.; Maj. Shaler Hillyer, of Selma, Ala.; Mrs. Mary H. Whitfield, of Decatur, Ga.; Carlton Hillyer, of Augusta, Ga., Henry Hillyer, of Atlanta, and Misses Kate R. and Eva W. Hillyer, of Decatur. All of the children are living (1906) except Maj. Shaler Hillyer, who died in 1868. Judge Hillyers career as a judge, lawyer and mem ber of Congress was brilliant and his ability was universally rec ognized. He was especially distinguished for his power before a jury as an advocate and for his success in the court room with the cases committed to his care, either on the civil or criminal side of the court. His moral character was of the highest, he possessed the confidence and admiration of the people of Georgia, and took rank among the distinguished men of the generation in which he lived.

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JOHN WESLEY HURT, M. D.
John Wesley Hurt, M. D., a representative physician and surgeon of the city of Atlanta and a scion of families early settled in Georgia, was born in Columbus, Muscogee county, Sept. 27, 1859. He is a son of George M. Troup Hurt and Nannie Jones (Flewellen) Hurt, the former born in Putnam county, Ga., Oct. 8, 1825, and the latter in Warren county, in 1830. Their marriage was solemnized in Columbus, Ga., Oct. 15, 1851. The Doctors ma ternal grandfather, Dr. Abner Flewellen, was a prominent physi cian of his day and like all Southern gentlemen of his time had plan tation interests of very considerable scope, in Warren county. He passed the closing years of his life in Columbus. George M. Troup Hurt was a son of Joel and Martha (Herndon) Hurt and in early manhood took up his residence in Columbus, where his marriage was solemnized, as noted above. He continued his residence in Columbus up to the time of the Civil war, having been a successful cotton planter. During the war he served as a loyal soldier of the Confederacy and also rendered financial assistance to the cause so dear to all true Southerners. At the close of the war, his slaves all having been freed, he removed to Edgewood, Fulton county, near Atlanta, where he rebuilt his summer home, which had been destroyed at the time of the battle of Atlanta, July 22, 1864, and the house is commonly mentioned in the various historical compilations covering the Civil war period as the "Hurt house." For several years Mr. Hurt was prominent in the cotton business in Atlanta. In 1876 he removed to Cobb county and again became a planter. He had gifts of a high order and would have filled with distinction positions of prominence in connection with affairs of church or state, but he chose rather to exemplify in his life and labors the practical and useful in the home and every-day associations, rather than to seek public trusts or office. He died in 1901, his wife hav ing passed away in 1865. Dr. John W. Hurt secured his initiatory

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educational training in Edgewood, where he had as instructors such able educators as Charles Neal and Hon. William J. Northen, the latter of whom later became governor of the state. He received his professional training in the old Atlanta medical college, in which he was graduated with honor as a member of the class of 1884, receiving his degree of Doctor of Medicine. After his graduation he entered the practice of his profession in Cobb county, where he remained several years, building up a prosperous business. He then went to the city of New York and took a post-graduate course in the New York polyclinic, also acting as interne in the New York lying-in hospital, from each of which institutions he received a diploma. After his return from the national metropolis he sought a broader field of endeavor and located in the city of Atlanta, where he has since remained in practice, having built up a very successful business in the work of his chosen profession. He is a member of the Fulton county medical society, the Georgia state medical asso ciation and the American medical association. In politics he gives an unqualified support to the Democratic party. He is an ap preciative member of the time-honored Masonic fraternity, being at present affiliated with Piedmont Lodge, No. 447, Free and Accepted Masons, of Atlanta, and a past master of Nelms Lodge, No. 323, at Smyrna, Ga. His religious faith is that of his forefathers, as he is a zealous and devoted member of the Methodist Episcopal church South, with which he has been identified since he was a lad of ten years. He has been a steward of the church for twenty years, and is at the present time a member of the board of stewards of St. Marks church, in Atlanta. In January, 1895, was solemnized the marriage of Doctor Hurt to Mrs. Mary (Keith) McWhorter, daughter of Captain Jasper L. and Rachel (Ramsey) Keith, of Atlanta. They have no children. His wife died very suddenly on Nov. 7, 1905.

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JAMES U. JACKSON
This name at once suggests a power in the material and civic progress and upbuilding of the city of Augusta and in the de velopment of the great resources of the state of Georgia. A man of great initiative power, sound judgment and keen dis crimination, Mr. Jackson has shown a progressiveness that has passed into new and broad fields of operation, while his unerring foresight and sagacity have prevented him from venturing on un certain grounds. No man has done more to further the advancement of Augusta, and no citizen is more prominent in connection with affairs of broad scope and importance as bearing upon the general welfare. Mr. Jackson was born in Harrisonville, a suburb of the city of Augusta, Ga., June 24, 1856, a son of Maj. George T. and Catherine W. (Mixer) Jackson, the former born in Augusta, Dec. 29, 1822, and the latter in the city of Boston, Mass., in 1830. George T. Jackson was a major in a Georgia regiment of the Confederate service during the Civil war, and was one of the honored and influential citizens of Augusta, where he was identified with various important industrial enterprises up to the time of his death, which occurred on Feb. 11, 1889. His widow passed away on Dec. 6, 1904, at the age of seventy-four years. James U. Jackson was gradtiated in Richmond academy, Augusta, as a member of the class of 1873, winning the first prize in oratory. In the autumn of the same year he became a member of the sophomore class of the University of Georgia, in which he was graduated in 1876, with the degree of Bachelor of Science, sharing the class honors with one other, and having gained various collegiate honors while still an undergraduate. From 1876 to 1886 he was established in business as a stock and bond broker in Augusta, and in the latter year he was made vice-president of the Marietta & North Georgia Railroad Company, of which he later became president. In this executive position he accomplished a notable work in connection with the

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development of the marble quarrying and manufacturing interests of the state. He resigned the presidency of this company in 1889 and organized the North Augusta Land Company, which built the magnificent steel bridge over the Savannah river between Augusta, Ga., and North Augusta, S. C. This bridge represents an expendi ture of $85,000 for construction. Upon its completion it was pre sented to the city of Augusta in fee simple. Augustas fine new union railway station was secured largely through the personal efforts of Mr. Jackson, in the capacity of general agent. He was president of the Augusta Southern Railway Company, and on Jan. 1, 1899, when he resigned, the employes of the system presented him with a handsome gold watch as a token of their appreciation of his services as president and general manager. He is president of the North Augusta Electric and Improvement Company, the Augusta & Aiken Railway Company, the North Augusta Hotel Company, the Augusta Railway and Electric Company, North Augusta Land Company, and the Georgia county fair association. Concerning the man and his labors the Augusta Chronicle of Aug. 15, 1904, gave an appreciative estimate which is well worthy of permanent record in this publication: "If one who has watched Mr. Jacksons business career should ever write the story thereof it would be as interesting as a romance and intensely incentive to the ambitious. When the North Augusta bridge was constructed there were not a few who openly scoffed at the wisdom of the expenditure. Barren sand hills, clothed with pines and swamps along the river bank, were all that the bridge led to. To-day it is the thronged highway that conducts you to a beautiful, prosperous and growing suburb, and in the winter to one of the. Souths most famous hostelries. But Mr. Jacksons efforts did not cease with the bridge. A trolley line to Aiken, S. C., was proposed and laughed at. It was built, nevertheless, and we all remember the celebration of its completion, two years ago, when the two cities were drawn closer together than before, by double bands of steel. Eloquent orators on that occasion avowed that the achievement was unprecedented in this section and compared Mr. Jacksons touch to that of Aladdin. But his was not the touch of Aladdin;

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the difficulties confronted had been legion and were overcome only by the indomitable pluck and perseverence of the man, conjoined with the ability to make capitalists see the true value of the oppor tunities he offered. His speech in reply was characteristic and modest. His keynote was Augusta. All his efforts, all his energies had been concentrated in behalf of the dear old town he loved so well. The Hampton Terrace hotel was the next project of his fertile brain, and yet again the dubious shook their heads. But, undeterred by that, Mr. Jackson, ably assisted by his brother, Mr. Walter M. Jackson, went steadily ahead with the work, and the hotel now ranks with the Bon Air and other famous southern win ter resorts that attract their tens of thousands of wealthy north erners. Such men are invaluable to any city, and Augusta is proud of the fact that she numbers James U. Jackson among her leading citizens." It will thus be seen that Mr. Jackson has made a record for brilliant achievement along practical lines, and his forceful individuality is still proving potent in furthering the interests of Augusta and of the states of Georgia and South Carolina at large. Many improvements have been made in the street-railway service and electric-lighting service of Augusta since he and his associates assumed control, and his dominant energy and fine administrative powers cannot fail to find even greater exemplification in the days to come, for he is in the prime of a sturdy and useful manhood a man sincere, true-hearted and appreciative of the best in humanity and humanitys labors. In politics, though not active in a prac tical sense, he is a stanch advocate and supporter of the cause of the Democratic party, and both he and his wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal church South. Their magnificent modern residence, in North Augusta, is a center of gracious hospitality. Mr. Jackson is a member of the Augusta Commercial club, the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks and the Royal Arcanum. For ten years he was orderly sergeant of the Richmond Hussars, of Augusta, having enlisted as a private in the Georgia state troops when a student in the university and risen to the rank of captain. On Nov. 6, 1877, he was united in marriage to Miss Minnie S. Falligant, who died on Dec. 11, 1883, leaving one child, Walter M.

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On March 19, 1889, Mr. Jackson wedded his present wife, who was Miss Edith B. King, of Savannah, Ga., and they have four children, namely: Daisy King, Edith B., James U., Jr., and John W.

WILLIAM KEHOE
William Kehoe, senior member of the firm of William Kehoe & Sons, iron and brass founders, marine engineers, boiler makers, blacksmiths, shipwrights, etc., Savannah, was born in County Wexford, Ireland, Aug. 21, 1843. He is a son of Daniel and Johanna (Rath) Kehoe and passed the first decade of his life in the Emerald Isle. In 1852 he came with his parents, four brothers and three sis ters to America, the family locating in Savannah, where he has ever since made his home and where his parents continued to reside until their death. He was educated in the public schools of Savannah and in his youth served a thorough apprenticeship at the iron molders trade, which he followed as a journeyman and foreman for a num ber of years, finally engaging in business on his own respon sibility, beginning operations on a modest scale and gradually buiding up the large and prosperous business which his firm now controls. The concern has the best equipped plant on the South At lantic coast and is well known for the reliable and high-grade work done in all departments. Mr. Kehoe is one of the representative bus iness men of Savannah and a citizen of sterling loyalty and public spirit. He is a director of the National bank of Savannah and the Savannah Electric Company; is vice-president of the Chatham Real Estate Company, and is identified with other industrial and capitalistic enterprises. He is a stalwart Democrat and .served two terms as county commissioner, while he and his family are communicants of the Catholic church. Mr. Kehoe is a director of the Savannah Volunteer Guards; is a member of the Savannah Yacht club and the Georgia Hussars club, and is treas urer of the Female Orphans benevolent society. On Nov. 26, 1868,

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was solemnized his marriage to Miss Annie Flood and they have nine children: Johanna M., William J., Simeon P., James ]., Anastasia, Frank P., Mary, Daniel E., and Helen. In conclusion it may be stated that the fine industry now controlled by the firm of William Kehoe & Sons was founded in 1878, by its present head. From a modest beginning its business has expanded until it now represents an average annual aggregate of fully $250,000, about 150 employes being retained by the concern. The shipwright de partment of the enterprise has been recently added and has proven a valuable adjunct, doing all kinds of dry-dock and general ship building and repair work.

WILLIAM SCOTT KENDRICK
William Scott Kendrick, M. D., of Atlanta, one of the leading lepresentatives of his profession in the South, was formerly dean of the Atlanta college of physicians and surgeons and is now the incumbent of the chair of medicine in the Atlanta school of medicine, of which he was one of the organizers and which has gained marked precedence among the medical colleges of the South. He was born in Chattooga county, Ga., and is a son of Thomas and Martha (Scott) Kendrick, both of whom were born in York county, S. C., the former of English and the latter of ScotchIrish lineage. The father was a farmer by vocation and his death occurred in 1876. Of the twelve children in the family the first three died in infancy and the others are all living, there having been no death in the family for more than half a century a fact indicating the sturdiness of the line. The early educational dis cipline of Doctor Kendrick was secured in a country school in Dirt Town valley Chattooga county. That he made good use of the opportunities afforded is evident when adversion is had to the fact that as a youth he was elected principal of the large country school in which he himself had been a student, and for five years.

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he devoted himself to teaching, meeting with marked success in this field of endeavor. He studied medicine under the preceptorship of Dr. Robert Battey, of Rome, Ga., and graduated at the At lanta medical college, receiving the degree of Doctor of Medicine. He thereafter was engaged in the active work of his profession for two years and then passed one year abroad, pursuing special post graduate work. He later became dean of the Atlanta medical col lege, retaining this incumbency for practically eighteen years, and was largely instrumental in effecting the consolidation in 1900 of this institution and the Southern medical college, under title of the Atlanta college of physicians and surgeons. He was elected dean of the new school and retained the incumbency until 1905, when he resigned the office, as well as the chair of medicine, to accept a similar chair in the newly organized Atlanta school of medicine, in the establishing of which both he and his wife were associated, as were they also with the college of physicians and surgeons. He is a member of the executive and building committees of the At lanta school of medicine, which has taken rank as one of the fore most institutions of the sort in the South. Doctor Kendrick is medical director of the Southern States Life Insurance Company and the Empire Mutual Annuity and Life Insurance Company; is chief state consultant and examiner of the New England Mutual Life Insurance Company and state referee for the Mutual Bene fit, of New Jersey. He holds membership in the Medical Associa tion of Georgia, being known among his professional confreres as a physician and surgeon of the highest attainments, and an able and popular educator in technical lines. His political proclivities are indicated in the stanch support he accords to the Democratic party, and he is a ruling elder in the Central Presbyterian church, of Atlanta, of which Mrs. Kendrick also is a devoted member. On Dec. 28, 1887, he was united in marriage to Miss Tallulah Groves, daughter of Maj. William L. and Jane (Scott) Groves, of Chattooga county. They have no children. Dr. Kendrick has accom plished a notable work as an educator in the line of his profession and gives the greater portion of his time to his executive and class-

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room duties in the Atlanta school of medicine, whose splendid up building has been largely conserved through his able and devoted efforts.

THOMAS BUTLER KING
Thomas Butler King, lawyer, statesman, diplomat, was born at Palmer, Mass., Aug. 27, 1797, and died at Waresboro, Ga., May 10, 1864. He was the son of Capt. Daniel King, born at Palmer, Mass., Sept. 2, 1749, and died March 15, 1815, and of his wife, Hannah Lord, born at New London, Conn., in 1747, and died in 1814. They were married in New London, Conn., in 1780. Capt. Daniel King was an officer in the Palmer company of minutemen, who responded to the Lexington alarm on April 19, 1775, fought at Bunker Hill and was engaged at other points in the war for independence. Thomas Butler Kings great-grandfather, John King, came from Suffolk, England, to Boston in 1710, married Sarah Alien and was first proprietor of Kingston, Mass., afterwards called Palmer. His mother, Hannah Lord, was of the fifth genera tion of descendants from Thomas and Dorothy Lord, who came from England in 1635 and were among the first landed proprietors of Hartford, Conn. Their eldest son, Richard Lord, was at one time secretary of the colony; was captain of the first troop of horse (1657-1660) ; served as a member of the assembly; was a patentee of the Charter of Charles II, and was "one of the most energetic and efficient men of the colony." His tombstone still stands in New London, with its quaint epitaph beginning "The flower of our Cavalry here lieth". Thomas Butler King studied law in Phila delphia and after being admitted to practice removed to Georgia where he married Miss Anna Matilda Page, the only child of Maj. William Page, of St.Simons island, Ga., who had served in the Revolution in his native state, South Carolina. After his mar riage on Dec. 2, 1824, Mr. King identified himself with his adopted

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state and devoted himself to her interests. He was a man of ex alted character and masterful intellect; sound in health of body and mind; of temperate habits and great energy; with beauty of person and peculiar charm of manner, in private life his conduct was stainless. In the management of his large plantation and his justice and kindness to his negroes, who loved him with enthus iasm, he was an example of a strong and noble nature. In politics he was a Whig and was one of the leaders of his party; a friend of Webster and Clay and accompanied Clay in his southern can vass for the presidency. Mr. King entered public life in 1832 as a member of the state senate, and continued in the legislature until 1837. The following year he was elected to Congress and was reelected in 1840; he was again elected in 1844 and 1846. In Geor gia he worked with enthusiasm for all public improvements. In Congress, as chairman of the committee on naval affairs, he se cured the establishment of the "Collins Line", "The Pacific Mail", and other important maritime legislation. For his work in this direction he was publicly complimented and sent home on a naval cruiser. After the Mexican war he was sent to California to make a report on the newly acquired territory and given a military es cort. His report to the government gave great impetus to the tide of emigration. He was afterwards made first collector of the port of San Francisco, and having been given discretionary powers he was an important factor in establishing law and order in that wild community, and by his fairness won high esteem. He was de feated for the United States senate from California by only one vote on party lines. He was one of the originators of the South ern Pacific railway, securing by his persistent efforts, the right of way through Texas, and immense grants of land, insuring thereby the final completion of that national enterprise. Like other emi nent Georgians he was opposed to secession, but when it came he gave his loyal support to his state and was sent by Governor Brown as a commissioner to Europe. There he initiated important nego tiations for the aid and recognition of the Confederacy, but requir ing further authority for these, he returned, narrowly escaping capture by the blockade, himself and crew saving themselves in an

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open boat after setting fire to their vessel. In the meantime his noble wife and eldest son had died, and the family were compelled to abandon the home on St. Simons island. The four remaining sons enlisted in the Confederate service. His efforts were then directed to securing war vessels for the Confederacy, but before he attained this object he died on May 10, 1864.

JOHN FLOYD KING
John Floyd King, fifth son of Thomas Butler King, left the uni versity of Virginia to enter the Confederate army and enlisted as a private in the Albemarle Rifles, of Virginia; was appointed sec ond lieutenant in the Georgia regulars; transferred in Virginia to the artillery; served with distinction in campaigns of the Army of Northern Virginia; was promoted to various grades of company and field rank; when detached from main army, commanded as chief of artillery in the armies under Generals Heath and Loring in Western Virginia, Generals Buckner and Jones in .East Ten nessee and of the army commanded by General Breckenridge on the Shenandoah; was artillery division commander under Early in the campaign against Washington City, throughout the valley of Virginia and into Maryland; was appointed brigadier-general of artillery by official certificate, by General Breckenridge, secretary of war of the Confederacy, on retreat of Lees Army from Rich mond. After the war he resided in Mississippi and Louisiana, in which states he became a prominent factor in reestablishing white domination and social order, his slogan ever being, "The white man must and shall rule"; studied law; engaged extensively in the pro duction of cotton in Louisiana; was first to conceive and inaugu rate the use of chemical poison (Paris-green) for the destruction of the army worm (the cotton caterpillar), making a practical suc cess of the operation on thousands of acres of cotton at the first trial. He was made brigadier-general of state troops (white) by

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Governor John McEnery and subsequently by Governor Nichols, serving actively in deposing carpet-bag military and negro gov ernment and in the establishment of white supremacy in Louis iana and throughout the lower Mississippi valley. He was elected to Congress from Louisiana and served eight years, initiating measures for the creation of the Isthmian Canal, and of legislation for the improvement of the Mississippi river and the protection of its banks from overflow, by the General Government; was one of the initiators of the laws of the national quarantine against yellow fever and other epidemic diseases, declaring "Public Health to be Public Happiness." From its creation he waged relentless war against the "Louisiana Lottery," never ceasing until the final de struction of that monster of immorality a struggle which con tinued for over twelve years. Though not a candidate he received many votes for the United States senate by the Nichols, white, legislature of Louisiana. During the Spanish-American war his name was held by President McKinley for appointment of majorgeneral of volunteers, but the war closed before the opportunity came to announce the appointment. He is now engaged in min ing operations and in the promotion and development of public industries.

HENRY LORD PAGE KING
Henry Lord Page King, the second son of Thomas Butler King, graduated at Yale university and the Harvard law school, and was admitted to the bar in New York. When Georgia seceded from the Union he returned home and in June, 1861, enlisted in the Con federate army. He passed unhurt through the battles of the Pen insula, Richmond and SharpsEurg, was at the capture of Harpers Ferry, and fell at Fredericksburg, Dec. 13, 1862. Captain King was noted for his gallantry and fidelity to the cause in whose service he had enlisted. In his report of the battle of Fredericksburg

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Maj.-Gen. Lafayette McLaws, commanding a division in the Con federate army, says: "My aide-de-camp, Capt. H. L. P. King, was killed on Maryes Hill, pierced with five balls, while carrying an order to Brig.-Gen. Cobb. He was a brave and accomplished of ficer and gentleman, and had already distinguished himself during the operation in front of Fredericksburg, as he had done in all the other engagements when on duty."- (Official Records of the Un ion and Confederate Armies, Vol. XXI, page 582).

MALLORY PAGE KING
Mallory Page King, fourth son of Thomas B. King, graduated at the Georgia military institute and at Mahans school of engi neering, West Point, N. Y. In 1861 he entered the Confederate service as a lieutenant of cavalry in the "Glynn Guards." He was transferred to the staff of Brig.-Gen. W. D. Smith, and given the rank of captain and assistant adjutant-general. With this com mand he was in the military operations around Charleston, S. C., and after the death of General Smith he was attached to the com mand of General Gist. He passed through the Mississippi cam paign of 1863; fought at Chickamauga, Lookout Mountain and Missionary Ridge; served with the army under Gen. J. E. Johnston from Dallas to Atlanta; was transferred to the staff of Maj.Gen. McLaws at Savannah, with the rank of lieutenant-colonel and assistant inspector-general; was the last man to cross the pontoon bridge when Hardee evacuated the city, fought through the cam paign of the Carolinas; was conspicuous for his gallantry in the battle of Bentonville; was transferred to the staff of General Walthall and given the rank of colonel, and General Walthall said he was the most efficient staff officer he had ever known. He was paroled with Johnstons army at Goldsboro, N. C., in April, 1865.

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RICHARD CUYLER KING
Richard Cuyler King, sixth son of Thomas B. King, was prepar ing to enter the University of Virginia when Georgia seceded. He enlisted as a private in the "Glynn Guards," a cavalry organization in which each man furnished his own horse and equipments. In 1862 he was appointed by President Davis a lieutenant in the First battalion of Georgia sharpshooters, with which he took an active part in the first bombardment of Fort McAllister. He next served under Gen. J. E. Johnston in Mississippi until August, 1863, and was afterward with the Army of Tennessee until captured at Nash ville on Dec. 16, 1864. While with this command he participated in the battles of Chickamauga, Lookout Mountain, Missionary Ridge, and all the engagements of the Atlanta campaign. Subse quently he was with Hood in his campaign into north Georgia and Tennessee, having won a captains commission by his gallant con duct. When captured he was taken to Johnsons island in Lake Erie and held a prisoner until June 16, 1865, when he was paroled.

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WILLIAM DAY KRENSON
William Day Krenson, a prominent wholesale hardware mer chant of Savannah, was born in that city on Feb. 27, 1857. His father was Frederick Krenson, who was born in Magdeburg on the Elbe, in Prussia, April 8, 1813; and his mother was Sarah Eliza beth Dean, who was born in South Carolina on Nov. 11, 1822, but whose parents were native Georgians. His ancestors on his mothers side came to this country from Scotland and they took an active part in the war of the Revolution. Frederick Kren son came to this country when twenty-two years old and settled in Savannah. During the Civil war from 1861 to 1865 he and two of his sons were loyal soldiers on the side of the Confederate States. William D. Krenson received his early education in the schools of Savannah and later took a course of study in Upper Canada College in the city of Toronto, Ontario. In early man hood he entered the mercantile establishment of J. D. Weed & Co., one of the leading wholesale hardware firms in the South. His good judgment, business ability and industry contributed greatly to the success of the business and for many years he has been an active member of the firm. Mr. Krenson has always taken an active interest in the commercial interests and benevolent institu tions of Savannah and he is a member of several prominent organi zations of that city. Among these are the board of directors of the Savannah chamber of commerce, the Oglethorpe club, the Savan nah Yacht club, the Georgia Hussars, the Savannah Volunteer Guards, the Savannah Rifle association and the Savannah Golf club. He is president of the local branch of the national associa tion of credit men, and vice-president of the Georgia federation of commercial bodies. He is affiliated with Zerubbabel Lodge Free and Accepted Masons, Georgia chapter, Royal Arch Masons, Pal estine Commandery Knights Templars, and Alee Temple Ancient Arabic Order of the Nobles of the Mystic Shrine. For many years

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he has been a useful member of the Savannah Benevolent associa tion, which has contributed so much to those in distress in all parts of the country. In politics Mr. Krenson is a Democrat, and while he takes a commendable interest in the affairs of government, he has never sought or held public office. Both he and his wife are members of the Independent Presbyterian church of Savannah. On Oct. 6, 1881, he was married to Miss Caroline Campbell Macdonald, daughter of Jesse Campbell and Martha (Morton) Macdonald, of Rome, Ga. Mr. and Mrs. Krenson have four children, viz.: Campbell Macdonald, Elizabeth Frances, Frederick, and Carolyn Morton. In all relations of life Mr. Krenson is justly esteemed by all who know him as a man of genial temperament, fine business ability, and inflexible integrity of character.

JOHN W. LINDSEY
John W. Lindsey, commissioner of pensions for the state of Georgia, an able member of the bar of the state, and an hon ored veteran of the Confederate service in the Civil war, is specially well entitled to the office in which he is now serving with so much discrimination and appreciative zeal. He was born in Wilkinson county, Ga., Aug. 1, 1843, a son of Isaac and Martha (Moore) Lindsey, his father having been a successful planter. The colonel has made Wilkinson county his home throughout his entire life, save for his period of residence in the state capital in charge of his official duties. He was afforded the advantages of the schools of his native county and was still prosecuting his stu dies at the time when the Civi] war was precipitated upon the divided nation. His loyalty to the Southern cause was of no in definite order, as was made manifest by his prompt and early en listment in Company I, Third Georgia volunteer infantry, with which he served until the close of the war, having taken part in the many sanguinary engagements in which his command was in-

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volved. He was several times wounded, receiving his most serious injury at the battle of Spottsylvania, and proved himself a gallant, faithful and loyal soldier. The more gracious memories and asso ciations of his military career are perpetuated through his mem bership in the United Confederate Veterans, and his official position brings him into the closest touch and sympathy with the Georgia veterans who so nobly represented their state in the ranks of the Confederate armies. At the close of the war Colonel Lindsey returned home to face the deplorable conditions that confronted all the South, devastated and broken by the ravages of the great internecine conflict. He studied law, was admitted to the bar of his native county and took up his residence in Irwinton, where he gained success and prestige as one of the leading representatives of his profession in that section of the state, controlling a large and lucrative practice in Wilkinson and adjoining counties. In 1884 he was elected to represent his county in the state legislature, his services in the connection meeting with such approval that he was elected as his own successor at the expiration of his first term. Thereafter he gave his undivided attention to his professional work until his appointment to the office of state commissioner of pen sions, by Governor Candler, in 1899. He has since been retained in this important office, in which he has made a splendid reputa tion as a painstaking and efficient public officer. In politics he is a stanch adherent of the Democratic party and has shown an ac tive and loyal interest in its cause. In 1869 Colonel Lindsey was united in marriage to Miss Julia Tucker, of Washington county, and they had five children, only two of whom are now living Their son, Capt. Julian R., of the United States army, was gradu ated at West Point, after which he served several years as an in structor in the academy, and later was in active service in China and the Philippine islands. He is now stationed at Fort Ethan Alien, with the Fifteenth United States cavalry. The daughter, Miss Annie, is a skilled stenographer and is her fathers assistant in his official work.

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OSBORNE A. LOCHRANE
Osborne A. Lochrane was one of the most genial and magnetic of men, as well as one of the most learned and accomplished of legal scholars, and it may be gravely doubted if his superior as an advocate before the jury has ever appeared in this state. Such was his happy faculty for weaving poetic sentiment and Irish humor into the fabric of his arguments that he easily made his hearers captive to the mesmeric charm of his elo quence. But he was equally at home in any public arena which brought his wonderful oratory and rare powers of mind into full play, and some of his occasional speeches and addresses have been preserved as models of exquisite English. Judge Lochrane exem plified his Irish lineage in his impassioned appeals as well as in his racy anecdotes and lightning-like displays of repartee, and the combination of qualities which he possessed made him the idol of his fellow citizens. Had he chosen the arena of public life for the exercise of his brilliant gifts there is no telling to what heights of distinction he might have reached. He preferred the congenial labors of the law to the most tempting seductions which the forum of politics could offer him and he remained in the professional harness throughout his entire career. Judge Lochrane was born in County Armagh, Ireland, Aug. 22, 1829, the son of Dr. Edward Lochrane, an eminent physician, from whom he derived many of his distinguishing mental traits. Equipped with the best educa tional outfit which the university life of his native country could give him, the ambitious young Irish lad, feeling that his oppressed birthlarid offered him no prospects commensurate with his crav ings for usefulness and distinction, came over to America at the age of eighteen and finally, after many buffetings and adventures, located in Athens, Ga., where he became a clerk in a drug store. This kind of work was not in the least suited to the tastes of the future jurist, nor was it at all in accord with the rosy anticipa-

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tions which filled his mind when he sailed from the shores of Ire land, but it was the best he could do under the circumstances and it enabled him to keep body and soul together until he could find better employment. While still engaged at his post behind the counter, he managed to make the acquaintance of the best people of the cultured town and to improve his opportunities for showing the outside world what was really in him. Many of the college students became strongly attached to the young drug clerk and as an evidence of the esteem in which he was held on the campus he was elected an honorary member of the Phi Kappa society. Every moment which he could spare from his work was devoted to his mental culture and many were the compositions both in prose and verse which he produced in the solitude of his room, when the inspiration to write seized him. Being chosen on one occasion as an anniversary temperance orator he acquitted him self with such marked success in this initial effort that he was en couraged to take up the study of law. After duly equipping him self at odd intervals he was admitted to the bar at Watkinsville, Ga., at the spring term of the court of 1850. Chief Justice Joseph Henry Lumpkin was one of the number of entranced listeners who enjoyed Judge Lochranes temperance speech and he strongly urged the young orator to turn his attention to the law, assuring him that success awaited him in this direction. How completely his prediction was verified may be noticed from the fact that Judge Lochrane was eventually elevated to the same high judicial bench on which the chief justice then sat. Judge Lochranes first achieve ment as an orator before the temperance society in Athens was soon followed by another as orator of St. Patricks Day in. Savan nah, and with the prestige gained from this second success, he lo cated in Macon, Ga., for the practice of his profession, and soon became distinguished as one of the foremost young lawyers of the state. At the beginning of the war Judge Lochrane was elevated to the superior court bench and was given the first appointment made under the Confederate government. On the bench he devel oped marked judicial powers, showing an equipoise of mind and an acumen for penetrating to the marrow of every issue in dispute,

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wholly unsuspected by those who had witnessed his triumphs as an advocate, and in this capacity also was shown his uncompromis ing courage and his robust strength of character, traits which were always manifest in his dealings with men, but never more strik ingly apparent than when he assumed the ermine to sit in judg ment upon his fellows. Shortly after the war he resigned his judicial office and took an active part in reorganizing civil govern ment. Though an ardent friend of the South, he took the course which was the least popular at the time, but which seemed to him the wisest in the end, and by making use of his influence at Wash ington he succeeded in softening many of the hardships of recon struction. When the state capital was located in Atlanta Judge Lochrane transferred his place of residence to that city and was shortly afterward made judge of the Atlanta circuit, but soon re signed the place and accepted an appointment from Governor Bul lock to the bench of the supreme court. Though his career as associate justice in this august tribunal was comparatively short, it was conspicuously able and some of the clearest decisions handed down during this period came from his scholarly pen. Chief Justice Logan E. Bleckley is quoted as saying that he never knew a mind in which fancy and logic were more happily yoked together than in the mind of this brilliantly gifted jurist. On re tiring from the bench Judge Lochrane resumed the active prac tice of his profession in Atlanta, and until the time of his death was constantly engaged in the courts, devoting himself exclu sively to civil business and figuring in many important cases. The following extract from his commencement address which he de livered at the University of Georgia in 1879, and which evoked the warmest encomiums from such competent authorities as Alex ander H. Stephens and Robert Toombs, is an example of his style of oratory: "The most unhappy men on this continent are those who have sacrificed most to fill conspicuous positions. The heart burnings and envies of public life are too often the results of am bition. What a sorrowful lesson of the instability of human grandeur and ambition may be found at the feet of the weeping Empress of Chiselhurst. Just as the star of the prince imperial

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was rising to the zenith, like a flash from Heaven, it falls to the ground; just as he was gathering round him the hopes of empire the assegai of the savage hurls him to the dust. Born on the steps of a throne, amid the blazing of bonfires and congratulations of kings, he fell in the jungles of an African wilderness without a friend to close his eyes; born to rule over thirty millions of peo ple, he was deserted by all and went into the chill of death with out the pressure of a friendly hand. Although royalty carried flowers to deck his bier, and princes were his pall bearers, and mar shals knelt by his coffin, and cabinet ministers bowed their heads, and his empress mother clung over him in an agony of grief, alas, the glory of his life had passed, and out of the mass of sorrowing friends, his spirit floated away, leaving to earth but a crimson memory. Lifes teachings admonish us that the pathway of am bition has many thorns, and the purest happiness oftenest springs from the efforts of those who sow for the harvesting of peace and joy at home. And this lies at your feet in your own state, although she has suffered by desolation, although millions of her property has been swept into ruin and thousands of her bravest been hur ried to their graves; although Georgia has been weakened and bled at every pore; although she has been impoverished and dis mantled; although she has been ridden through and trampled over by armies; although she has seen in folded sleep her most gallant sons, and spirit arms reach to her from the mound of battle fields, she still has the softest skies and the most genial climate, and the richest lands and the most inviting hopes to give to her children. And this is not the hour to forget her. The Roman who bought the land Hannibals tent was spread upon when his legions were encamped before the very gates of Rome, exhibited the spirit of confidence and pride of country which distinguishes the great pa triot. Although disaster stared him in the face, and the bravest hearts were trembling at the future destiny of their country and from the Pincian hill, the enemy, like clouds could be seen piled around, charged with the thunder of death and desolation, and the earth was reeling with the roll and tramp of armies, his heart was untouched with fear of her future. He knew that Rome would

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survive the tempest of the hour, and her future would be radiant with the splendid triumphs of an august prosperity, and confident of that future whose dawn he felt would soon redden the east, he never dreamed of abandoning her fortunes or abandoning her des tiny. This was more than patriotism. It was the heroism of glory. It was sowing a rich heritage of example on the banks of the Tiber for the emulation of the world. One of the mistakes men make is their leaning on too sanguine expectations without labor, waiting for the honors to pursue them, scarcely reaching out their hands to gather the fortunes that cluster at their feet. Well did one of the old poets of Salamanca express the thought:

If man come not to gather . The roses where they stand,
They fade away among the foliage They cannot seek his hand.

And if you do not come to the honors of life they cannot go to you; if you dont come to gather the roses they will fade upon their stems and their leaves be scattered to the ground. The rose of fortune Georgia holds out to you is rich with hope and senti ment, and in its folded leaves are more honors for her sons than there is in the rose of England, the lily of France or the nettle leaf of Holstein. Then come together in close and solemn resolve to stand by her destiny and soon the tide will run rich and riotous through the jewelled arches of hope, flushed with her prosperity; soon will come into her borders newer and stronger elements of wealth; manufactories will spring from her bosom and the hum of industry resound throughout her borders; the glorious names of her present statesmen will take the places of those who have gone up higher into glory, and will soon behold her banner wav ing to the sky. Come spirit of our Empire State, come from your rivers that seek the sea, from the waves that wash your shores and run up to kiss your sands, come from the air that floats over your mountain tops; come from

Lakes where the pearls lie hid And caves where the gems are sleeping;

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come, spirit of glorious ancestry, from beyond the cedars and the stars; come from the history that wraps you in its robes of light, and let me invoke the memories that hang around you like the mantle of Elijah and will be the ascension robes of your new des tiny. Touch the chords in these young hearts, these proud repre sentatives of your future fame, that they may rise in the majesty of their love and clasp you with a stronger and holier faith, and raise monuments to your glory higher than the towers of Baalbee. Let them warm to the fires of an intenser love, and brighten with the light of a more splendid glory; let them swear around the altar to be still fonder and still prouder that they were Georgians. As an adopted son who has felt the sunshine of your skies, who has been honored with your citizenship and with positions far beyond his merits, I bow to the majesty of your glory, here in the temple of your fame, and to your spirit I would breathe out the fondest affection and pour prayers upon your pathway; I would clothe you with light, and bathe you in a rain of summer meteors; I would crown your head with laurels, and place the palm of vic tory in your hands; I would lift every shadow from your heart and make rejoicing go through your valleys like a song. Land of my adoption, where the loved sleep folded in the embraces of your flowers, would that today it were my destiny to increase the flood tide of your glory, as it will be mine to share your fortunes; for when my few more years tremble to their close I would sleep beneath your soil, where the drip of April tears might fall upon my grave and the sunshine of your skies would warm Southern flowers to blossom upon my breast."
Judge Lochrane was twice married. His first wife was Miss Victoria Lamar, daughter of Henry G. Lamar, of Macon, Ga., and though several children were born to them none of them reached maturity. His second wife was Miss Josephine Freeman, daugh ter of Maj. James Freeman, and seven children were the result of their union, of whom four survive. Judge Lochrane died at his home in Atlanta, June 17, 1887, in the fifty-seventh year of his age, and the following editorial, which appeared in the Constitu tion the morning after his death, shows the sense of loss which

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.was felt in the community over the untimely taking off of the great jurist: "Judge Lochrane gave a national reputation to the Georgia bar. As chief-justice of the supreme court, his decisions were marked by profound erudition and commanding mastery of the subjects involved, and in style they were singularly lucid and instructive. All yesterday Judge Lochranes death was the talk of every hour. It was not confined to mansion or justice seat, but it was talked of in busy worshop, in the rooms where the spindle and looms never cease, for everyone knew the genial, lovable, com panionable gentleman. All had words of kindness for the dead, sorrow for those bereaved; and the many who had in their trou ble and tribulation felt the soft hand of the kind judge went out yesterday to his late home and stood for a moment silently by his coffin. When you can weep over a man/ said an old citizen, you can put it down that a good man has fallen. Many a man shed tears yesterday when he read of Judge Lochranes death ; and so it is all over. Forty years have swung by since the young Irishman landed at New York and looked out on a new world where he had but few acquaintances and tonight the great man full of honors and wealth lies with eyes closed and hands folded, dead. Forty years of rich and full life, forty years of strugglings and loving and winning and losing, of work that furrowed the brow, of pleasures that lightened the heart, of strenuous endeavor, of princely bonne homie; forty years of the fever called living, and at last, rest. Forty years of such joyous and brimming life as it is given few men to live. All that remains of the forty years of conflict and pleasure, all worth counting in this night through which the morning breaks, is that he found in them the peace that passeth understanding, and the faith that can make pleasant even the valley and the shadow of death."

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GEORGE C. LOONEY
George C. Looney, principal of the Sunny South institute, a private school of high grade, located at 97 Washington street, Atlanta, Ga., was born in Carnesville, Franklin county, Ga., Feb. 6, 1836. His father, Judge Noah Looney, was a son of Robert and Betsey (Quinn) Looney, and a nephew of John Looney, both Robert and John having been soldiers of the Revolution, belonging to the patriot band of Col. Ben Cleveland, whose successful de struction of Fergusons command of British and Tories at Kings Mountain had an important effect in determining the con clusion of the war in the South. Professor Looneys mother, Fran ces Cleveland (McNeil) Looney, was the granddaughter of Rev. John Cleveland, a clergyman of the Baptist church and a brother of Col. Ben Cleveland, whose monument was unveiled in Greenville, S. C., Oct. 1, 1880, at the centennial celebration of the important and heroic battle above mentioned. A peculiar family characteris tic of both the Looneys and Clevelands was the fitness and tact for teaching which they developed early in Georgia and South Car olina. Abednego Franklin, son of Mary Cleveland, who was a sister of Col. Ben Cleveland and a cousin of Frances Cleveland Looney, was the founder of Franklin college at Athens, now the University of Georgia. In the records of the Cleveland family it is also stated that it was in the early settlement of Georgia that a teacher by the name of Looney established one of the first schools taught on Georgia soil. It is quite natural, therefore, that the three sons of an intermarriage between the Looney and Cleveland families, Morgan H., George Cleveland and Martin V., should have become prominent teachers from their earliest manhood. The lives of many of the most successful men of the South, in all the learned professions and of the various Southern states, attest the superiority of the training received from these educators. George C., the subject of this sketch, was in charge of a very excellent

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school at Palmetto, Ga., with many young men in attendance, when the war between the North and South was precipitated. Early in 1862 his "boys" and other young men of the vicinity organized a cavalry company and elected him their captain. They at once went into camp at what was then called Big Shanty, reported to Governor Brown, who instructed the company to remain there and drill for service until he should make a call for cavalry volunteers. They had not long to wait until Col. W. F. Lawton, of Albany, Ga., was authorized to raise a cavalry regiment, the Second Georgia cavalry, into which Captain Looneys company was taken, as Com pany I. But a short time elapsed till they were a part of Forrests brigade, with the Third and Fourth Georgia and Eighth and Tenth Texas cavalry regiments. Before the close of the war Cap tain Looney had become the commander of the regiment, and Capt. Sim Zellars, a most gallant young soldier, had command of the famous invincible old Company I. Upon Johnstons surrender Colonel Looney received paroles for himself and regiment, at Salis bury, N. C, and at once resumed his status as a quiet citizen of Georgia. After a happy month with parents, brothers and sisters at home, he exchanged his military titles for the old, familiar, muchabused but honorable appellation of "professor," and opened a school at Fayetteville, Ga., which had been rendered famous before the war by his brothers and himself and which was known as Fayetteville seminary. From this institution, both before and after the war, went forth many prominent men and women into prosperous and successful high life, and from it he acquired mostly the reputation as an educator that clings to him to-day. He has been thrice married, first, to Miss Maggie Tomlinson, a cousin of Samuel Taliaferro and of Judge Adam S. Poole, of Fulton coun ty, and they became the parents of one child, Sarah Frances, who is now teaching in a very fine school near Atlanta. His second mar riage was to Miss Evelyn Camp, granddaughter of John and Sarah (Jennings) Camp and a niece of Narcissa Jennings Bryant, all of Virginia. Of the several children of this union only one is living, Mrs. Eva Cleveland Thorton, who is a successful teacher in Atlanta. His present wife, Mrs. Minnie Looney, whose fine ability

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as a teacher and disciplinarian, renders teaching a pleasure to her husband, her school and herself, was a widow at the time of her marriage to Professor Looney, having at the time two little daugh ters, Lois and Eunice Ellis. Mrs. Looney is the daughter of J. W. and N. M. (Bishop) Duffee, who are highly respected and popular; residents of Campbell county, residing near Fairburn. Professor Looney still retains unimpaired his activity, vivacity and enthusi asm in the school room and puts, perhaps more than ever, his whole soul into his work that of encouraging, lecturing to, leading and educating young men and women for useful and happy lives.

SAMUEL LUMPKIN
Samuel Lumpkin was one in whose mortal tenement burned the flame of loftiest manhood. He was known as one of the dis tinguished citizens of Georgia and as a member of a family whose name has been one of prominence in the annals of American his tory. He was presiding justice of the supreme court of the state of Georgia at the time of his death, and no more consistent memorial can be entered in the present connection than that which was furnished in the report of the committee appointed to pre pare a tribute to his life, character and career for presentation to the. supreme court, in whose proceedings the same is recorded. The memoir is here reproduced with but slight change: "Samuel Lumpkin was born in Oglethorpe county, Ga., Dec. 12, 1848. He was reared and educated in his native state. He came of excellent _sto_ck_ The name of Lumpkin adds luster to the political annals of the state of Georgia, and to the records of the bench and bar of this commonwealth. One member of this illustrious family was John Lumpkin, great-grandfather of the late Justice Samuel Lumpkin. John Lumpkin was a man of force and ability such as one would expect to find as the progenitor of men like the Lumpkins. This John Lumpkin had nine sons, two of whom achieved

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marked distinction. They were Wilson Lumpkin, governor of Georgia and United States Senator from the state, and Joseph Henry Lumpkin, first chief-justice of Georgia, whose judicial brill iance contributed so largely to our admirable system of juris prudence. Their brother, Samuel Lumpkin, was the grandfather of the late Justice Samuel Lumpkin, whose father, Joseph Henry Lumpkin, though he died at the early age of twenty-six years, had already won an enviable position at the bar of this state. The un timely death of this gifted man left young Samuel, then of tender years, to care for his widowed mother and his sister. The fathers estate was not large, and no doubt this young son encountered great difficulties in carrying the responsibilities forced upon him by the loss of his father. His mother, formerly Miss Sarah Johnson, of Oglethorpe county, however, was an admirable woman, of fine dis cretion and earnest Christian character, highly fitted to rear and train her talented son. He bore manfully and bravely the responsi bilities of early life, and if ever he grew tired or faltered in his trust, the secret died,with him. To the day of her death the mother never ceased to praise God for the noble son given her/ and the testimony of the sister is, He was the best and noblest of brothers. Those of us who knew him intimately knew of the tender affection and anx ious solicitude which he ever manifested for both of them. We might pause here and profitably point a moral of well-nigh univer sal observation, that responsibilities are essential to the develop ment of true manhood; and when to other responsibilities are add ed the care and support of mother and sister, how immeasurably potent in that development are such influences. Truly no man was ever completely great, nor can be, who did not love his mother. Young Samuel Lumpkin attended both the state university at Athens, and Mercer university at Penfield, Ga. He was an apt student and ranked easily among the leaders of his class. At the time of his graduation in the state university he was seventeen and one-half years old. He was graduated in 1866, with first hon or, sharing it with Carlton Hillyer and Frank A. Lipscomb. The friends he made in college he retained through life, and it may be said no man ever valued friendship more or surpassed him in loy-

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alty to that pure and precious relation. Following his graduation from college the young man taught school, both in Georgia and Mississippi, for a brief time. While engaged as a teacher he ap plied himself outside of school hours to the study of law, and in 1868 he was admitted to the bar in Lexington, Ga. His first part nership was with Col. Robert Hester, of Elberton, and he afterward became a partner of Col. C. T. Goode, during the years 1870-71, residing in Americus. In 1871 he returned to Lexington. About this time he was appointed a clerk in the house of representatives, the first public office he ever held. From this on until his death he was for the most part in public service. In 1872 he was ap pointed solicitor-general of the northern circuit. In 1877 he was elected to the state senate from his district. In 1884 he was elected by the legislature judge of the superior courts of the north ern circuit, and in 1888 he was unanimously reflected. His eleva tion to the supreme bench took place in 1890, and seven years later he was appointed by the chief-justice as presiding justice of the second division, which position he held up to the time of his death. It will be noted from the foregoing that his legislative career cov ered only a brief period, but it was of sufficient length to demon strate that he was an able and useful legislator. He served on the judiciary committee and as chairman of the railroad committee, taking, in the latter capacity, a chief part in creating and estab lishing the railroad commission of this state, now still existing. As solicitor-general of the northern circuit he won great reputation as a fair, able and fearless prosecuting officer. He was exceeding ly accurate and painstaking, characteristics that indicated him in every walk of life. He made an admirable circuit judge, possessing executive ability and at all times administering the law impartially and wisely. He tempered justice with mercy. His charges to trial juries were models of clearness and were marked by a fairness of which the losing side could never justly complain. Another char acteristic of this great judge was his readiness to certify to bills of exceptions imputing error in his official action. No lawyer, we believe, will say that Judge Lumpkin would not give a fair bill of exceptions. His judicial life as associate justice of the supreme

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court, the last scene of his official service, will ever be his lifes crowning glory. He served on this bench with preeminent ability, justly winning reputation and renown. He was devoted to legal truth and followed his matured convictions wherever they led. He took no thought as to the effect of his decision upon friend or foe and was never concerned beyond the inquiry, what is the law? but for this he was always deeply concerned. No case having a legal claim upon his attention was unworthy of his best labor nor so intricate his master mind could not untangle, simplify and solve it. He was vigorous, strong intellectually, persistent in pur pose, steadfast in moral integrity,, and untiring in the performance of duty. He possessed in a remarkable degree the power of state ment, and that gift, coupled with his wonderful power of discrim ination, analysis and condensation, made him truly a great judge in his day. His opinions, found in the Georgia Reports, volumes 86 to 117, render him secure of judicial immortality. He was mar ried, Oct. 17, 1878, at Lexington, to Miss Kate Richardson, daugh ter of Walker Richardson and granddaughter of Col. A. M. Sanford, both of Alabama. Judge Lumpkin left no descendants, his only child, a son, having died at the age of four years. Mrs. Lumpkin survives her distinguished husband and is the recipient of sympathy from his multitude of friends throughout the state. She is a woman of rare attraction, and her gentle influence over her hus band, no doubt, was most potent, contributing largely to his suc cess. Judge Lumpkin recognized in her more than a helpmeet; she was his constant inspiration and he had the greatest admira tion for her judgment and high sense of justice. He has been heard to say that he frequently discussed with her questions of abstract right and justice and was much aided in the solution of such ques tions as a result of these discussions. He was a most devoted husband. In this relation he showed his brightest and most at tractive side. In the language of the broken-hearted widow, in a letter written to a member of this committee, He was always so cheerful, never despondent or discouraged; even during his last illness, through the long months of pain and suffering, he saw only the brightness ahead; his face always turned toward the sun-

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shine. And the committee may add, she has spoken truly, for he loved the light. This was characteristic of the man, to look al ways toward the sunshine, ever and always in search of light, and those of us who knew him best, hopefully believe, as the shadow of deaths wing shut all the sunlight of this life from his mortal eyes, on the 18th day of July, 1903, a new light opened up to his immortal vision, eternal light which bringeth in and sustaineth the life everlasting." Justice Cobb responded to the committees report on behalf of the court, which fully concurred in the report, a page of the minutes of the tribunal were devoted to the memory of the deceased brother and the proceedings were ordered published in the official reports.

MANNING WILLIS MANAHAN, M. D.
Manning Willis Manahan, M. D., one of the prominent and able representatives of the homoeopathic school of medicine in the state of Georgia, controls a,<HFarge and prosperous professional business in the city of Atlanta, having his offices in the Grand Opera House building. He claims the old Buckeye state as the
^ place of his nativity, having been born in Hartland township, Huron county, Ohio, Jan. 5, 1859. He is a son of George W. and L. Sophia (Morse) Manahan, the former of whom was born in Cayuga county, N. Y., Oct. 1, 1812, and the latter in Venice, that county, March 18, 1818. The father died in East Orange, N. J., in February, 1891, and the mother died in Norwalk, Ohio, in September, 1894. The doctors paternal grandfather was Thomas Manahan, who was born on Long Island, N. Y., Dec. 25, 1772, and who died in Hartland, Ohio, Dec. 3, 1858. He married Violetta Silcox, who was born in Flanders, N. J., Jan. 7, 1779, being a daughter of Henry and Sally Silcox, who afterwards moved to what is now Elizabeth, N. J. She died in Norwalk, Ohio, Dec. 19, 1873. Her father distinguished himself during the Revolutionary war,

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as a trusted follower, of the great Washington. He was a lineal descendant of Captain Luce, who was born in 1680 and who was an officer in the British army in the war of 1712 between England and France. Captain Luce died in 1765. L. Sophia (Morse) Manahan was a daughter of Judge Isaac Morse, who was born in New Haven, Conn., Feb . 8, 1782, and who died at Venice, Cayuga county, N. Y., July 14, 1864. Judge Morse was descended from Rev. Jedediah Morse, a distinguished clergyman of the Con gregational church and prominent as a geographer. There were three brothers in this family, Samuel F. B. Morse, the inventor of telegraphy, and Sidney Edwards Morse, a prominent American journalist, inventor and geographer. Doctor Manahan was grad uated in the classical course in the high school at Norwalk, Ohio, and later took a university course. In March, 1882, he was gradu ated in Cleveland Homoeopathic hospital college, where he secured his degree of Doctor of Medicine, and also the first clinical prize, receiving honorable mention for a very high percentage in his class examinations. He has attained to distinction and prestige in his profession and has been engaged in the practice of the same in At lanta since 1882. He is a member of the American institute of homoeopathy, the Southern homoeopathic medical association, and the Atlanta medical club. He is ex-president of the United States board of pension examiners at Atlanta; has been medical examiner for a number of life-insurance companies, and for a number of years has served as surgeon to the Commercial Travelers Mutual Accident association of America, surgeon to Iowa State Traveling Mens association, also holding a similar position with the Inter national Travelers association, of Dallas, Tex. He is a charter member of Gate City Lodge, No. 2, Free and Accepted Masons, of Atlanta, and was reared in the faith of the Presbyterian church, but is tolerant and liberal in his religious views. On Sept. 21, 1881, Doctor Manahan was united in marriage to Miss Jennie Estelle Walker, daughter of George R. and Lucyra (Scott) Walker, of Norwalk, Ohio, where her father is a prominent attorney at law. Dr. and Mrs. Manahan became the parents of two children, both of whom are now deceased: George Leroy was born in Norwalk,
13

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Ohio, Jan. 22, 1883, and died in Pensacola, Fla., March 3, 1886; Manning Maurice was born in Atlanta, Ga., Aug. 3, 1885, and died July 26, 1888.

JAMES TIFT MANN
James Tift Mann, one of Georgias promising young attorneys, is engaged in the practice of his profession in his native city of Albany, Dougherty county, where he was born on March 24, 1880. He is a son of W. D. and Irene (Tift) Mann, the former a native of Virginia and the latter of Albany. The father is now engaged in the real estate business in Albany, and is a prominent and hon ored citizen of Dougherty county. The mother is a daughter of Col. Nelson Tift, the founder of Albany and for many years prominent in Georgia affairs. A sketch of his life appears elsewhere in this work. James T. Mann was a student for three years in the Univer sity of the South at Sewanee, Tenn., and then entered the law de partment of the University of Georgia, in which he was grad uated as a member of the class of 1900. He was admitted to the bar soon after leaving the university and has since been established in the practice of his profession in his native city, where he has won a high standing at the bar. He is a stanch supporter of the principles and policies of the Democratic party, in behalf of which he is an active and effective worker. He is at the present time a member of the Georgia house of representatives, for the term of 1905-6. In that body he occupies the important position of chairman of military affairs, and he rendered the people of his state a signal service as co-author and one of the champions of the bill abolishing negro militia. He also secured the passage of a bill appropriating $100,000 for the state militia, in whose welfare he is much interested. In June, 1900, he enlisted as a private in Company E, Fourth infantry, Georgia state troops, and in 1902 was promoted to the captaincy of his company. On

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Jan. 1, 1906, he was made lieutenant-colonel and judge advocategeneral of the National Guard of Georgia. On the same date he was made city attorney of Albany. He is also a member of the Albany board of police commissioners and treasurer of the Albany chamber of commerce. In a fraternal way he belongs to the Sigma Alpha Epsilon college fraternity and the Benevolent and Protec tive Order of Elks, and in religious belief is a communicant of the Protestant Episcopal church.

JOHN G. McCALL, LL, D.
John G. McCall, LL. D., a distinguished member of the Georgia bar, president of the board of trustees of Mercer university, and one of the best known and most honored citizens of Quitman, Brooks county, was born in Screven county, Ga., Jan. 18, 1836. He is a son of Francis S. and Ann (Dopson) McCall, the former born in Screven county, Oct. 10, 1810, and the latter in Beaufort district S. C, in 1816. Francis S. McCall was a son of Rev. William McCall, who fought under Gen. Francis Marion in the war of the Revolution. The family has been long and prominently identified with the Baptist church, and many representatives of the name have been and are numbered among its clergy. John G. McCall was graduated in Union university, Murfreesboro, Tenn., as a member of the class of 1858, receiving the degree of Master of Arts. Immediately after his graduation he was elected adjunct professor of mathematics and languages in his alma mater, and in the following year was elected pro fessor of Greek and Hebrew, being the incumbent of this position at the outbreak of the Civil war. In March, 1863, Mr. McCall left the classic precincts of the educational institution to tender his services in defense of the Confederate cause, becoming lieutenant in Company K, Fiftieth Georgia volunteer infantry, with which he took part in the battles of Antietam, South Mountain, Gettys-

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burg and Sharpsburg, as well as numerous skirmishes. During a severe skirmish near Funkstown, Md., he was severely wounded, having been captain of his company at the time. His injuries necessitated his retirement from the service,.to which he was never able to return, and he received his honorable discharge on July 10, 1863. Mr. McCall was admitted to the bar of his native state in 1866 and has made his home in Brooks county since the close of his military career. He was elected ordinary of the county in 1864, served five years in this office, and has been largely interested in farming and other enterprises of importance. He is a member of the directorates of each of the following named corporations: Mer chants & Farmers bank, First National bank of Quitman, South Georgia & West Coast Railroad Company, Quitman Compress Company, the Alliance Warehouse Company, and the Atlantic & Gulf cotton mills. He has twice been a delegate to the Farmers national congress of the United States and was for many years vice-president of the Georgia state agricultural society. He has been a member of the Missionary Baptist church since 1862 and has taught the same Bible class in the same Sunday school for fortythree years, with but few failures to present himself for the reg ular instruction of his class. He is a member of the Mercer Baptist association and is president of the board of trustees of Mercer university, which institution honored him with the degree of Doc tor of Laws, in 1894. He is a trustee of Norman institute, at Nor man Park; was for eight years chairman of the board of education of Brooks county, is a member of the board of visitors and advisers of Cox college, at College Park; takes a special interest in ed ucational affairs and in the young folks who come within the sphere of his influence. On Jan. 30, 1867, Mr. McCall was united in mar riage to Miss Rosa Bobo, daughter of Dr. Virgil and Sarah Hansen (Black) Bobo, of South Carolina, and the children of this union are five in number, namely: Rosa Lee, wife of John O. Lewis; Rachel B., the wife of Charles F. Cater; Nonnie Bobo; John F.; and Edna F., the last named being the wife of Albert L. Tidwell.

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JOHN CALVIN McCASKILL
John Calvin McCaskill, a prominent business man of Bainbridge, was born at Camden, Kershaw county, S. C., April 13, 1862. His parents, Alien and Margaret Caroline (McFarland) McCaskill, were both natives of the Old Palmetto state, the former having been born at Camden in 1832 and the latter at Cheraw in 1837. The grandparents of J. C. McCaskill were all natives of the Isle of Skye, County Inverness, Scotland. They left their nativeland about the year 1817 and came to America. For generations the family have been members of the Presbyterian church, many of the male representatives having held the offices of deacon, elder, etc., and nearly all have been farmers by occupation. Alien Mc Caskill was a valiant soldier in the Confederate army during the Civil war. He enlisted on Nov. 14, 1861, in Company A, Seventh South Carolina battalion, Haygoods brigade, Hokes division, and in 1862 was made first lieutenant upon the occasion of the first vacancy in that office in the company. His command was en gaged around the forts at Charleston, S. C., during the bombard ment and was in numerous skirmishes until April, 1864, when it was ordered to Petersburg, Va. Here it was under heavy fire un til May 16, when it participated in the battle of Drewrys Bluff, one of the hottest engagements of the war. On June 3, 1864, Cap tain Lucas lost an arm and Lieutenant McCaskill was made cap tain of the company, continuing in command until the end of the war, surrendering with Gen. J. E. Johnston at Greensboro, N. C. John D. McCaskill, a younger brother of Alien, was also a soldier in the Confederate service, enlisting when he was not quite six teen years of age. He was severely wounded at Petersburg, a minie ball passing through his right breast, though he recovered from the effects of the injury and is still living. John C. McCas kill received his education by attending the district schools a few months each winter from 1868 to 1871. At the age of eight years

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he began to make a regular "plow hand," and remained on his fathers farm until he attained to his majority. He then engaged in the naval stores business as an operator and has been connected with this line of industry ever since. He is a director in the Decatur county bank; president of the Bainbridge Hardwood Com pany; president of the Cliett Hardware Company, of Bainbridge; president of the Bainbridge Live Stock Insurance Company, and is regarded as a successful man of affairs one whose counsel is to be sought and advice heeded in matters of an important busi ness nature. Mr. McCaskill is a Democrat in his political affi liations, and in religious matters follows the faith of his ancestors, being a member of the Presbyterian church. He is a prominent figure in fraternal circles, being a member of Orion Lodge No. 8, Free and Accepted Masons; Austin Chapter, No. 18, Royal Arch Masons; Ivanhoe Commandery, No. 10, Knights Templars; Alee Temple, Ancient and Accepted Order, Nobles of the Mystic Shrine; Bainbridge Lodge, No. 32, Knights of Pythias, and Lodge No. 986, Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks. On Jan. 13, 1887, Mr. McCaskill was united in marriage to Miss Emma, daugh ter of Robert and Mary (Mauk) Powell, of Garland, Ala. This union has been blessed with the following children: Lewis, aged eighteen years (1906) ; Alien, fifteen; Harry, thirteen; John C., Jr., ten; Charles, five, and Ralph, two.

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JOHN N. McEACHERN
John N. McEachern, president of the Industrial Life & Health In surance Company, of Atlanta, and a member of the board of alder men of the capital city, is a native Georgian, having been born in Cobb county, April 9, 1853. He is a son of David L. and Esther M. A. (White) McEachern, both of whom were born in Cabarrus county, N. C., the former on Jan. 15, 1814, and the latter on Dec. 23, 1817. They passed the closing years of their lives in Cobb county, Ga., the father having been a farmer by vocation. At the time of the Civil war he was appointed by President Davis to look after the interests of the wives and widows of Confederate soldiers from Cobb county, his loyalty to the cause of the Confed eracy being of the most insistent type. Wilkes W. White, an un cle of the subject of this review, organized a company for the Confederate service, the same having been recruited at Marietta, and which became a part of the Seventh Georgia infantry, in which he was promoted to the office of colonel. He was wounded in one of the engagements commonly designated as the Seven Days bat tles, in the vicinity of Richmond, and his injuries were so severe that he was compelled to retire from active service. John N. Mc Eachern was afforded the advantages of the common schools of his native county, where he was reared to maturity and continued to reside until 1889, when he removed to the city of Atlanta and secured a position as solicitor for a Baltimore insurance company. He proved most successful in this connection and remained thus employed for two years, when he effected the organization of the Industrial Life & Health Insurance Company, which is incorpor ated under the laws of the state. He was forthwith elected presi dent and general manager of the company, which, under his able administration, has forged to the forefront, having now more than 150,000 policies in force and being the largest insurance company of the sort having its home office south of the Mason & Dixon line.

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Mr. McEachern is known as one of the leading insurance men oi the state and is a citizen of liberal and public-spirited views: In politics he is a stanch Democrat and has represented the seventh ward on the board of aldermen since 1903. He is treasurer of the board of stewards of the Park Street Methodist Episcopal church South, of which both he and his wife are zealous members, and is a director of the Wesleyan Memorial.hospital, of Atlanta. He is affiliated with the Masonic fraternity, the. Independent Order of Odd Fellows and the Junior Order of United American Mechanics. On Sept. 30, 1896, Mr. McEachern was united in marriage to Miss Lula C. Dobbs, daughter of Ransom and Vesta (Dupee) Dobbs, of Cobb county, where she was born and reared. Mr. and Mrs. McEachern have three children, namely: Elizabeth Florine, born July 22, 1897; John Newton, born Feb. 20, 1899; and Lula Chris tine, born Jan. 30, 1901.

CHARLES C. McGEHEE
Charles C. McGehee, manager of the southern department of the Home Life Insurance Company, of New York, has his headquarters in the city of Atlanta, is one of the prominent business men of the city, and is a representative of one of the old and honored families of Georgia. He was born in Columbus, Muscogee county, Ga., on Oct. 22, 1870, a son of Christopher C. and Josephine (Garrett) McGehee, the former of whom was born in Russell county, Ala., and the latter in Lumpkin, Stewart county, Ga. His paternal great-great-grandfather was Edward McGehee, who was a patriot soldier in the war of the Revolution. The original American progenitor was Thomas McGregor or Mack Gehee, who changed his patronymic to the latter form on fleeing from Scot land to America, in the latter part of the seventeenth century. The clan McGregor had been outlawed in Scotland during the reign of Charles II, of England, and the name .was proscribed on this ac-

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count, the annals of Scotland recounting the deeds of the sturdy patriots of this famous clan. This Thomas McGregor, or Mack Gehee, was born near Loch Katrine, Scotland, and upon coming to America he settled in King William county, Va., where his last will and testament was probated in July, 1724. Representatives of the family removed to Prince Edward county, Va., where in 1796, was born Isaac McGehee, grandfather of the subject of this sketch. During the year 1801 the family removed from the Old Dominion to Georgia and settled on the Broad river, where they were extensive tobacco planters in that and succeeding genera tions. Christopher C. McGehee gave loyal service to the Confed erate cause during the war between the states, having first en listed as a private in the City Light Guards of Columbus, Ga., which company was promptly sent to the coast of Virginia near Norfolk. He spent about a year in Virginia and then returned to Columbus, where he was for some time connected with the naval iron works, operated in the interest of the Confederate govern ment. Later he served two years in the- army in Virginia, rose to the rank of captain, took part in a large number of engagements, and in one battle received a severe wound, being struck with a fragment of shell. He was identified with the cause of the South during the entire period of the war. Mr. McGehee is now living in Atlanta, where he gives his entire attention to the management of his property. Charles C. McGehee was graduated in the Uni versity of Georgia as a member of the class of 1887, with the de gree of Bachelor of Philosophy,and two years later, in 188.9, before he was nineteen years old, he was graduated in Harvard univer sity, with the degree of Bachelor of Arts. Soon after leaving the latter university he became identified with the insurance business, and eleven years of his early business career were marked by his association with the Atlanta Home Insurance Company as special agent and later as assistant secretary. Since 1901 he has been associated with the Home Life Insurance Company of New York as manager of its southern department, embracing the states of Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi and Louisiana. At the time of this writing (1905) the Atlanta office is the largest producing office

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maintained by the company in the entire Union. That the efforts of Mr. McGehee have been exceptionally able and discriminating is evident when reversion is had to the fact that when he assumed his present position the Atlanta general office held only eighth place. Mr. McGehee has never sought political preferment. Both he and his wife are members of St. Marks Methodist church, prior to which he was for many years a member of the First Methodist Episcopal church South, of which he served as steward for four years. He is identified with the Calumet and Harvard clubs, of New York city; the Virginia Historical Society; and the Capital City and Piedmond Driving clubs, of Atlanta. On Nov. 16, 1892, Mr. McGehee was united in marriage to Miss Pattie McClung, daughter of Matthew and Julia (Anderson) McClung, of Knoxville, Tenn. She died on Sept. 4, 1897, and is survived by her only child, Pattie McClung McGehee, who was born on the 18th of the preceding month. On Oct. 22, 1903, Mr. McGehee wedded Miss Vera Hatcher, daughter of Benjamin T. and Martha (Estes) Hatcher, of Columbus, Ga.

HENRY M. McINTOSH
Henry M. Mclntosh, editor and publisher of The Albany Daily Herald, is a native Georgian, born of sturdy Scottish parents in Old Boston, Thomas county, Ga., Jan. 19, 1852. His early years were passed in the quiet but prosperous county of Brooks, where he laid the foundation for his useful and honorable career as editor, by availing himself of the advantages afforded by the excellent schools of Quitman. His honored father, Roderick Mclntosh, died in 1859, respected and lamented by all who knew him, leaving the care of a large family of children to the beloved mother, Bathsheba (McMillan) Mclntosh, who faithfully met the responsibilities of widowhood in the trying times of the Civil war. At sixteen years of age Henry concluded his studies at school and engaged in

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business. Taking up the printers trade, while yet in his teens, he developed a taste for that vocation which has shaped his des tiny and enriched the profession with his sound judgment and rare good sense. In January, 1873, Mr. Mclntosh was united in marriage to Miss Annie White, daughter of John and Martha (Anderson) White, of Oxford, Ga. Their union has been blessed by one child, Henry T. Mclntosh, who was born June 17, 1874. At the age of twenty Mr. Mclntosh purchased the Quitman Ban ner, and entered upon the duties of its management with an abil ity and vigor that culminated in lasting benefits to the community, and endeared him to the best people by his courageous and able advocacy of the countrys highest and best interests. In 1876 Mr. Mclntosh was on the editorial staff of The Savannah Morning News, and was selected by the management to represent that jour nal in Florida, as staff correspondent, during the stirring times when political events made that state the cynosure of all eyes. Henry W. Grady, representing the Atlanta Constitution, was closely associated with Mr. Mclntosh and a friendship was en gendered that endured to Mr. Gradys death. In 1877 Mr. Mclntosh removed to Albany to assume the editorial and practical man agement of the Albany Advertiser. After a short time he pur chased the plant and business, consolidated the same with the Al bany News under the name of the News and Advertiser, and be gan his career in Albany, with an ever widening scope of whole some influence and practical usefulness. When elected mayor of the city of Albany in 1869, he sold his interest in the News and Advertiser, and devoted himself to the duties of his exalted office, which he filled with credit to himself and satisfaction to the peo ple. He was also called to assume the local management of the Georgia Chautauqua, an educational and moral institution which owes its existence largely to his enlightened encouragement and editorial efforts. After his term of office as mayor closed, the lure of the "Art preservative of all arts" proved too strong, as it usu ally does to those who have long been its devotees, and in 1891 he founded the Albany Daily Herald, which superseded all other local papers and which is recognized as the leading paper in southwest

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Georgia, having a circulation throughout the state and a generous support that is a testimony of the high appreciation in which it is held. Through its columns in forceful style Mr. Mclntosh im presses his personality in conserving the interests of the people. No city of Georgia has an abler exponent, and .no journal of the state is more assiduous in fostering every interest of its city and section. The widespread influence of the campaign for "Hog, Hominy and Hay," that so blessed the state and South, owed its impulse to the excellent judgment and spirited style of Henry Mc lntosh. Mr. Mclntosh is not a politician, but a patriot. In 1882-3 he represented Dougherty county in the state legislature, this be ing the only distinctively political office for which he has ever ac cepted candidacy, though he is an earnest and effective advocate for the principles of the Democratic party. He served for years as chairman of the Democratic committee of his county, and also as chairman of the Democratic executive committee of the Second Congressional district. He is a Master Mason, a member of the Knights of Pythias, and both he and his wife hold membership in the Presbyterian church. An able editor, a loyal friend and courtly gentleman such is the estimate in which Henry Mclntosh is held by his contemporaries.

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THOMAS MURDOCH McINTOSH, M. D.
Thomas Murdoch Mclntosh, M. D., of Thomasville, is one of the able and honored representatives of his profession in that sec tion of the state, where he has made his home during prac tically the entire course of his life thus far. He was born at Glasgow, Thomas county, Ga., Nov. 21, 1853, a son of John Anderson and Matilda Septima (Sandwich) Mclntosh, the former born in Alabama, July 27, 1819, and the latter in Lincoln county, Ga., June 20, 1826. John A. Mclntosh was a merchant and planter and the following estimate of his character "has been given by one who knew him well: "He was a. man of stern integrity, strong will, absolute sobriety, great energy and unfailing kindness of heart, being also very careful as to his personal associates and those of his children. Finding his property swept away at the close of the Civil war and being involved in debt besides, he yet refused to go into bankruptcy, though urged by his friends to do so, and by the aid of his son he succeeded in discharging every obligation." He was a son of Murdoch Mclntosh, who removed from North Carolina to Alabama, where he remained for a short interval, within which he married Miss Katherine McMillan, of that state. Shortly afterward, about the year 1833, they came to Georgia and located in Thomas county, where he and his wife passed the remainder of their lives. The name is a familiar one in North Carolina, whither the original representatives of the fam ily came direct from Scotland, in the colonial days. On the ma ternal side Doctor Mclntosh clearly traces his lineage to the nobil ity of England. His mother was a woman of culture and gracious presence, being widely read and having a distinctive individuality. She was a daughter of Dr. Thomas Sandwich, whose Georgia home was at Lincolnton, Lincoln county. He was born, however, near Windsor Castle, England, in 1785, and his parents came from Eng land to America in 1791, first settling in Augusta, Ga. The fam-

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ily was one of great wealth and of high standing in England, and the Sandwich coat-of-arms is preserved by Doctor Mclntosh, the device bearing the image of an eagle. It is retained on heirlooms still held by various branches of the family, and has been utilized as a private seal. In his boyhood Doctor Mclntosh was small of stature but of athletic frame. Among his early predilections were developed a fondness for books and a love for horses and neither of these has he outgrown in later years. His appreciation of good books has made his professional and scientific reading a pleasure and has also led him into broader fields of history, philosophy and general literature. His love for horses still finds expression in his raising of the high-grade trotters which he utilizes in his profes sional work. Until he was thirteen years of age his time was divided between the country schools and the work and pleasures of the homestead plantation, during and after the stirring days of the war between the states. In 1866 he entered Jefferson acad emy, at Monticello, Fla., where he continued his studies until 1869, inclusive. The failure of his fathers health and the consequent decline in the latters business interests, deprived the youth of the college course which his father had planned for him. Doctor McIntoshs maternal grandfather and one of his fathers brothers were physicians. His father also had another brother, who was not a professional man but who possessed a scientific and medical trend of mind. This uncle was very fond of the subject of this sketch and his influence and persuasion, together with his own natural inclination, led the doctor to adopt the medical profession as his life work, though he fully realized its exactions and the self-abne gating toil involved. Accordingly he was matriculated in the At lanta medical college, in which he was graduated in 1875 at the head of his class. He was invited by Doctor Westmoreland, a prominent physician of Atlanta, to remain in the latters office, but this overture he declined and, returning to Thomasville, began the practice of medicine among his own people. He was successful from the beginning. At the inception of his professional career he said to a friend: "I am going to establish a reputation as a physician if I do not make a cent in ten years." The faithful, de-

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termined effort thus suggested has brought to him both reputation and remuneration. Not a little of his early work was gratuitous, but even this is bearing fruit, in the grateful patronage of those whose parents he attended thirty years ago. From time to time he has availed himself of special means of amplifying his knowl edge and skill, by attending such well known institutions as the New York post-graduate medical school and the Philadelphia polyclinic, and the year 1891 he passed in Europe, largely in special study and work in the hospitals of Berlin and Vienna. He is fre quently called into consultation by other leading physicians of Georgia, as well as those of Florida, especially in difficult surgical operations, in which he excels. He has made frequent contribu tions to medical literature more particularly on surgical subjects. He was identified with the Medical Association of Georgia from the time of his graduation until 1906, when that body, of which he had served as vice-president, made in its constitution radical changes of which he did not approve, and he accordingly withdrew from membership. Apart from his professional work his interest in the progress and well being of his own community has been in sistent and helpful. He has served for a number of years as a member of the board of education of Thomasville, and is presi dent of that body at the present time. He is a trustee of the At lanta school of medicine and vice-president of the board of trustees of Youngs Female college, of Thomasville, which dates its foun dation back to 1873. Of his connection with this institution, which is now in a flourishing condition, the Thomasville Daily TimesEnterprise spoke as follows, under date of Oct. 18, 1902: "Every citizen will be glad to learn that Youngs female college will be reopened. This has been effected largely through the persistent efforts of Dr. T. M. Mclntosh, one of the trustees. He has worked in season and out of season and is to be congratulated that his offer to the Macon Presbytery, in behalf of the trustees, has been accepted." Doctor Mclntosh is vice-president of the Citizens Banking and Trust Company, of Thomasville. He has also been president of the Thomasville library association, and during his administration he relieved that institution of a considerable debt,

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contracted in the construction of the library building. In 1899 he established, at his own expense, a private surgical hospital in Thomasville, which institution is still in operation and exercising beneficent functions. Within the administration of Governor Atkinson that executive appointed Doctor Mclntosh physician to the state penitentiary, but, finding the duties uncongenial, he resigned after an incumbency of four months and resumed his practice at Thomasville. Later he was tendered the position of surgeon in chief of the First Georgia regiment of volunteers in the SpanishAmerican war. This he declined. Governor Atkinson was ac customed to confer freely with the doctor relative to matters in his part of the state. At the time when the convict-lease system was engaging the attention of the people of the state, Doctor Mc lntosh took a strong stand, in the local and state press, in favor of the lease system. His fraternal affiliations are with the Masons and Elks. He is broad and tolerant in his views, having the deep est reverence for the spiritual verities but not being connected with any church. He has never married. It is his intention to leave his property to a prominent Georgia institution for orphan chil dren, first giving a life interest to his only sister and only brother, both of whom have never married, of enough of his estate to pro vide for them during their lifetimes. Doctor Mclntosh attributes his success in life to the literary tastes of his mother; to the per sonal example of his father; to the strong love and ambition of both for their children; to the high standards they erected for the guidance of their children and up to which they themselves ever lived. To the young he says: "Erect lofty ideals; find the truth and stand by it; never compromise a principle; dont drink, smoke or chew; work hard all the time." The advice denotes the man as he stands today among his fellow men. In politics he gives his allegiance to the Democratic party, but he has never sought or held political office.

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CHARLES F. McKENZIE
Charles F. McKenzie, of the firm of J. H. McKenzies Sons, con tractors and brick manufacturers of Augusta, was born in that city, Dec. 6, 1866, a son of John H. and Elvira (Parker) McKenzie, the former born in Edgefield county, S. C., in 1839, and the latter in Lincoln county, Ga., in 1842. John H. McKenzie removed from his native state to Augusta in the early 50s, and for fully two score years he was one of the leading contractors of this city, his death occurring- April 23, 1904. His widow still re tains her home in Augusta, as do also the three surviving children Laura J., Charles F. and John H., Jr. The daughter is now the wife of M. L. Johnson. Charles F. McKenzie was accorded the ad vantages of the public schools and Richmond academy in his native city, where he also completed a course in Osborns business college. He was reared to the line of business in which he is now engaged, having been trained under the direction of his honored father, with whose business he became connected while still a boy. He learned the trade of brick-mason and plasterer before he was seven teen years of age. In 1890 his father admitted him to partnership, under the firm name of J. H. McKenzie & Son, and still later, upon the admission of the younger son to partnership, the title was changed to J. H. McKenzie & Sons, thus continuing until the death of the father, when the present title was adopted, the two sons continuing the enterprise founded by their father so many years ago. For the past twelve years the firm has occupied the first and second floors at 463 Broad street for offices and drafting rooms. In 1901, in connection with his contracting business, John H. McKenzie, Sr., also engaged in the manufacturing of brick, under the name of the McKenzie Brick Company, of which he became president and Charles F. secretary and treasurer. Upon the death of the father Charles F. was made president of the company, which position he now holds, his brother being associated with him in the business.
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The plant of the brick company has a capacity of 60,000 brick a day. The company is incorporated under the laws of the state, and the interested principals in the same are the two McKenzie brothers and their mother. Charles F. is a member of the American public works association and the Augusta builders exchange. He is also a member of the executive committee of the Georgia-Carolina brick association; is identified with the Augusta commercial club; is a member of the Masonic fraternity, in which he has taken the commandery degree; a member of the Mystic Shrine, the Knights of Pythias and the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks. He was for two years a member of the Clark Light Infantry and for six years a member of the Clinch Rifles. His political allegiance is given to the Democratic party. On Feb. 18, 1890, Mr. McKenzie was united in marriage to Miss Dora Jentzen, of Atlanta, Ga., and they have three children, namely: Myrtis N., born Oct. 15, 1892; Charles F., Jr., born July 24, 1894; and Dora, born March 8, 1896.

LAWRENCE McNEIL
Lawrence McNeil, president of the Savannah Lighting Com pany, was born on a plantation in Robeson county, N. C., Aug. 22, 1849, the son of Lauchlin and Mary (McEachern) McNeil, both of whom were born in North Carolina, and were representatives of stanch old Scotch Presbyterian families of that commonwealth. The father was a farmer and planter during the major portion of his active career. Lawrence McNeil was reared on the homestead plantation and secured his educational training in the schools of North Carolina. At the age of twenty years he was employed in the turpentine business in Beaufort county, S. C., and two years later he initiated his independent business career by engaging in the manufacture of turpentine, with his brother, Walter McNeil, in which enterprise he was actively concerned for a period of seventeen years. Twelve years in Beaufort and Hamp-

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ton counties, S. C, and five years in Worth county, Ga. He built up an extensive business and met with excellent success. In 1888 he disposed of his interests as a turpentine manufacturer, and en tered the naval-store factorage business in Savannah, as a partner in the firm of Peacock, Hunt & Co., continuing his identification with this branch of the enterprise until 1903. In October of that year he, with J. J. Cummings and J. F. McEachern, effected the organization and incorporation of the Savannah Lumber Company, of which he was president until Jan. 1, 1906. The local plant of the concern covers twenty-two acres of ground, is one of the leading manufactories of Savannah and one of the best equipped in the entire South. Their principal business is the manufacture of doors, sash and blinds, and their extensive and thoroughly modern plant is operated electrically. The company secures its stock from its own timber lands and operates its own saw mills. It also operates a large and modern electric plant, from which light and power are to be furnished to the public at large. The company is incorporated with a capital of $170,000, and the principals are men of substantial worth and the highest business acumen, so that the extensive enterprise is constantly increasing in scope and importance, inuring greatly to the benefit of the city of Savannah. In 1905, Mr. McNeil and J. J. Cummings organized and effected the incorporation of the Savannah Lighting Company, of which Mr. McNeil is presi dent. This company will furnish the citizens of Savannah with electric light and power, and while it will not be in active operation until the latter part of this year (1906) it has a modern system of underground conduits laid throughout the underground section of the city, while its power house will be equipped throughout with the most modern and improved apparatus with the underground connections extending to the power house at Fifty-fourth and Montgomery streets. Mr. McNeil is vice-president of the Savan nah Lumber Company, also of the Chattahoochee Lumber Com pany, of Lela, Decatur county, Ga., and the Rodman Lumber Company, of Rodman, Fla. He is a member of the Savannah board of trade and the chamber of commerce, and is one of the di rectors of the Citizens and Southern bank, of Savannah, and the

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Atlantic National bank of Jacksonville, Fla. He is a Democrat in his political proclivities, and both he and his wife hold member ship in the Presbyterian church. The family residence, on Whitaker street, was erected by Mr. McNeil in 1903, and is one of the most attractive modern homes in the city. On Jan. 17, 1905, Mr. McNeil was united in marriage to Miss Florence Krenson McConnell, daughter of the late Dr. William T. McConnell, of Marlow, Ga. They have one son, Walter.

JOHN GILCHRIST McPHAUL
John Gilchrist McPhaul, a well known resident of Poulan, and one of the representative business men of Worth county, was born at Antioch, Robeson county, N. C, June 19, 1849. His parents Malcolm and Christian (McArn) McPhaul, were both natives of that county, the former born at Antioch and the latter at Maxton, the county seat. The paternal ancestors came from Scot land prior to the Revolutionary war and settled in what is now Robeson county, N. C. The great grandfather, John G. Mc Phaul, remained loyal to the crown of England during the Revo lutionary period, belonging to that class of citizens known in this country as Tories, though they called themselves Royalists. The maternal great-grandfather, John Gilchrist, represented the county in the legislature several terms and was a man of prominence and in fluence in the community. Malcom McPhaul, the father of the sub ject of this sketch, was an Old Line Whig. Three of his sons, William, Daniel and Neill, enlisted as soldiers in the Confederate army at the commencement of the Civil war, the first two in a North Carolina regiment and the last named in a Texas regiment. They were engaged at Seven Pines, Manassas, Gettysburg, the Seven Days fighting about Richmond, several battles in Maryland, and some other skirmishes. Daniel died of measles at Gettysburg and the two others were mustered out with honorable discharges

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at the close of the conflict. John G. McPhaul was too young to en list as a soldier, and at the age of fourteen years began to make a living for himself as a farmer. When Sherman marched through the Carolinas in the spring of 1865 young McPhaul, then less than sixteen years old, followed the army gathering up old mules for the widows and, destitute families to work their farms, this being the only opportunity to get teams. When he was about seventeen years old Mr. McPhaul went to Jesup, Ga., where he became interested in the turpentine business, with which line of industry he has ever since been more or less closely connected. Subsequently he removed to Poulan a town of woods and there he slept between two logs until he could build himself a house to live in. Here he bought a tract of land and with his brother Wil liam, who afterward removed to Sylvester, Ga., started in the tur pentine business. By hard work and close attention to their inter ests the two brothers succeeded, and as time passed the subject of this sketch became interested in other enterprises, such as farming, merchandising, banking, real estate and cotton mill operations, etc. Mr. McPhaul is a fine type of self-made man. Beginning life for himself long before he had attained to his majority he has by sheer force of will and determination worked his way up to a place among the "men of affairs" in his community. He educated himself in the schools of Antioch, and to the early stock of infor mation thus gained he has added by general reading and association with educated people, until few men are better informed on the general questions of the day. He is a Democrat in his political convictions, but has never been an aspirant for public office. In his religious faith he is a consistent Presbyterian and now holds the office of elder in his church organization. He is well known in fraternal circles, being a member of the time honored Masonic fraternity, .the Knights of Pythias, the Knights of Honor, and the Concatenated Order of Hoo Hoos sometimes called the "Black Cats." On March 15, 1882, Mr. McPhaul was united in marriage to Miss Lora B.McGist," daughter of John and Jeannette (McCormick) McGist, of Maxton, N. C., and to this union have been

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born the following children: Jennie Belle, Malcom John, Frank Pelham, Lawrence Jay, Henry W. Grady, Neil Alexander, William Dan, and Katie Lora.

HAMILTON McWHORTER
Hamilton McWhorter, one of the distinguished jurists of Georgia, residing in the city of Athens, is the assistant general counsel of the Southern railway system and is known as one of the lead ing corporation lawyers of his native state. He was born in Penfield, Greene county, Ga., July 1, 1858, a son of Robert L. and Nancy Pope (Thurmond) McWhorter, the former born at Bowling Green, Oglethorpe county, Ga., Jan. 29, 1819, and the latter in Wilkes county, Ga., April 2, 1832. Robert L. McWhor ter was a loyal soldier of the Confederacy during the Civil war and served during the entire period of the great internecine conflict between the states. He first held the commission of captain of Company C, Third Georgia volunteer infantry, and later became major on the staff of Gen. A. R. Wright. He was first elected a member of the state legislature in 1845, and was thereafter several times reflected, being a member of the assembly at the time when the state seceded and the war was inaugurated. He resigned his office at that time and raised a company for the Confederate service, becoming captain of the same, as above indicated. After the close of the war he was again elected, in 1865, to the legislature, having thereafter served in both the house and senate, being a member of one body or the other almost continuously until 1883, and was speaker of the house in 1870-74. After due preliminary discipline Hamilton McWhorter entered the University of Georgia, in which he was graduated as a member of the class of 1877, in the law de partment, receiving the degree of Bachelor of Laws. He began the practice of his profession in Lexington, Oglethorpe county, and soon attained marked prestige at the bar in the northern and

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Ocmulgee judicial circuits. In November, 1890, there came a fit ting recognition of his fine professional talents and sterling at tributes, in his election to the bench of the superior court of the northern circuit, where he proved a careful, conscientious and pains taking jurist, rendering decisions that were models of judicial acumen and significant of wide and exact knowledge of the minutiae of the law. At the expiration of his first term he was reflected without opposition, but resigned the office on July 1, 1896. Upon the death of Judge Samuel Lumpkin he was tendered a position as associate justice of the supreme court of the state in July, 1903, but he felt constrained to decline the honor, by reason of the scope and insistent demands of his professional business. He has been prominent in the councils of the Democratic party in his state; has served as chairman of the executive committee of the same in Oglethorpe county; as a member of the state executive commit tee representing the eighth congressional district, and for the past fifteen years he. has been a member of this committee as a repre sentative of the state at large. He has never sought office of a public order and has held none save that already mentioned. In 1896 Judge McWhorter was appointed assistant division counsel of the Southern Railway Company for the lines north of Atlanta. In 1898 he was advanced to the position of advisory counsel of the company for the state of Georgia, and a greater distinction and recognition was accorded by this great corporation on July 1, 1905, when Judge McWhorter was appointed assistant general counsel for the entire system. The Augusta Chronicle of June 28, 1905, in speaking of this appointment, says: "The position of second legal adviser to the mighty corporation of the system of railroads known as the Southern has, therefore, been bestowed on a man in the prime of life, with unlimited accomplishment and fame and fortune before him, and as much of success and prominence as it has been possible for one of his years to attain. It is a compliment to the appointee and at the same time a wise selection on the part of those who have placed their interests in his keeping." In the same connection the Atlanta News spoke as follows: "Judge Mc Whorter is a man of rare equipment and rare qualifications for the

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work which has fallen into his hands to do. With a keen intel lect, with tremendous energy, with genial and never failing humor joined to a great magnetism and a most winning personality, he is one of those men whom nature seems to have equipped for suc cess." Judge McWhorter is a member of the Georgia bar associa tion, of which he served as president for one term. In 1898 he was appointed trustee of the University of Georgia, from the state at large, and was reappointed in 1905, for a term of eight years. On Nov. 24, 1880, he was united in marriage to Miss Sallie Julia Pharr, daughter of Marcus A. and Camilla (Oliver) Pharr, of Washington, Ga., and of the nine children of this union all are living except the eighth, Helen, who died at the age of four years. The names of the other children are here entered in order of birth: Julia Pope, Camilla, Marcus Pharr, Hamilton, Jr., Robert Ligon, Howard Hart, Sallie, and Thurmond. Julia P. is now the wife of Hugh Hinton Price, of High Shoals, Ga., and they have one child, Sarah Pharr.

JOHN ROBERT MERCER
John Robert Mercer, of Dawson, Terrell county, a prominent farmer and business man, was born near Preston, Webster county, Ga., Oct. 31, 1854, a son of William H. and Mary E. (Boyd) Mercer, the former born in Columbia county, Ga., in 1830, and the latter in Edgefield county, S. C, in 1835. William H. Mercer was a valiant soldier of the Confederacy during the entire period of the Civil war, having enlisted as a private and been promoted to corporal within the first year of his service, and later was made orderly sergeant. Shortly afterward he was captured and was held as a prisoner until nearly the close of the war, when, with thirty-nine privates, he was exchanged. After the war he served nearly twenty years as tax collector of Webster county. His reputation for genial waggishness and wit has clung to him

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from his youth to the present and his friends greatly enjoy his good-humored jocularity and pleasing quips. He has devoted the major part of his active career to agricultural pursuits, but leased his lands a few years ago and has since lived retired, having reached the age of nearly four score years. John R. Mercer re ceived limited educational training in the schools of Webster county, and continued to be identified with the operation of the home plantation until 1870, when he secured a position as sales man in the general store of his uncle, Phillip E. Boyd, of Leary, Calhoun county, and rose to the position of head clerk and buyer. In 1879 he removed to Dawson, where he was associated with his father-in-law, John B. Perry, in the private banking business un til 1887. He then organized the First State bank of Dawson. In 1894 he retired from the active executive work of the bank, being succeeded by his nephew, J. Mercer Bell. He has been the largest original stockholder in all three of the banks of Dawson, and now owns the controlling interest in two, the First State and the City National, being a director of each of these, as well as in all of the principal incorporated enterprises of Dawson, including the Dawson Compress & Storage Company, the Dawson Square Bale Gin & Mill Company, the Dawson Consolidated Grocery Company, the Farmers Oil & Fertilizer Company, the Variety Works Company, and the Condray Power Company. He retains large farming in terests in this section, is a dealer in real estate and extends loans on real estate security. He is a Democrat of the uncompromising type and he is now serving his third term as mayor of Dawson. For more than a quarter of a century he has been a member of the Methodist Episcopal church South, of which Mrs. Mercer also is a devoted member. On Aug. 20, 1879, Mr. Mercer was united in marriage to Miss Ella R. Perry, daughter of John B. and Mar tha W. (Loge) Perry, of Warren county. They have no chil dren, but it has been their pleasure to aid in the education of a large number of young folks, while to them is accorded the unre served esteem of the entire community.

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WILLIAM BURTIS MILES
William Burtis Miles holds prestige as one of the most skilled and successful contractors and builders of Georgia, and no further evidence of his signal ability in his line of business is demanded than that afforded by the magnificent state capitol of Georgia, for the erection of which his firm were the contractors, and of the build ing of which he had personal supervision. He came to Georgia for this purpose and has since maintained his residence and business headquarters in the city of Atlanta, where he is held in high esteem as a citizen and as a progressive and public-spirited business man. Mr. Miles was born in West Liberty, Logan county, Ohio, May 28, 1843, a son of Abram Cole Miles, who was born in Charlestown, West Virginia, in April, 1814, and Martha Jane (Mil ler) Miles, who was born in New York city, in 1816, both having been residents of West Liberty, Ohio, at the time of their death and the father having been a successful contractor and builder of the old Buckeye state. The subject of this review was afforded the advantages of the common schools of Ohio, passed his boyhood and youth in his native town, and learned the carpenters trade under the able direction of his father. He was in the state of New York at the outbreak of the Civil war, and on Aug. 8, 1862, at the age of nineteen years, he enlisted as a private in the First New York sharpshooters, and was thereafter in active service until the close of the war. He took part in the engagements at Suffolk, Va., Mine Run, the battle of the Wilderness, siege of Petersburg and in many minor conflicts; was a .member of General Grants forces and present at the final surrender of General Lee, at Appomattox. At the battle of the Wilderness he was promoted to sergeant-major and he received his honorable discharge, in the city of Rochester, N. Y., May 3, 1865. After the close of his military career Mr. Miles located in the city of Toledo, Ohio, and initiated his career as an independent contractor and builder, soon gaining

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.distinctive recognition. In 1882 he became associated with I. K. Cramer and Charles D. Horn, under the firm name of Miles, Cramer & Horn. Mr. Cramer retired in 1884, after which the firm of Miles & Horn continued in active and successful business until the death of Mr. Horn, in August, 1887. In addition to the construction of many fine business blocks and private residences, the firm con structed a large number of court houses, school houses, churches and other public or semi-public buildings throughout Ohio, Michi gan and Indiana, gaining a very high reputation and building up a business of magnificent proportions. In 1884 Miles & Horn secured the contract for the erection of the new capital of the state of Georgia, in Atlanta, and in the autumn of that year Mr. Miles removed to this city, where he has since continued to main tain his home and business headquarters. The capital building was completed in 1889, the death of his partner having occurred in the meanwhile, and the structure is an enduring monument to the scrupulous fidelity and marked technical ability of Mr. Miles, under whose personal supervision the building was erected. He has been very successful in his other professional operations throughout the South, where he has secured and completed many important contracts, and he has thoroughly identified himself with the busi ness and civic interests of Atlanta. He is a stanch adherent of the Republican party, and while he has not been a seeker of public of fice, he served four years as a member of the Atlanta board of edu cation 1897-1901. Since 1890 he has been a member of the board of trustees of the Georgia school of technology. He is a deacon in the First Presbyterian church and is affiliated with the Grand Army of the Republic. On Sept. 22, 1868, Mr. Miles was united in marriage to Miss Sarah M. Morehead, only daughter of George and Erheline E. (Hall) Morehead, of Putnam county, Ohio, and of this union have been born five children: William Herman was born in 1869 and died in 1882; Harry Hall was born in 1874 and maintains his home in Atlanta; Maud was born in 1875 and died in 1899. Bertha was born in 1883, and Herbert LeRoy, in 1895 and remains at the parental home.

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LIVINGSTON MIMS
Livingston Minis, whose death occurred at his home in Atlanta on March 5, 1906, was for more than a quarter of a century a prominent figure in the business and civic life of Georgias fair capital city. To say that he was a typical representative of the "Old South" is not to be taken as meaning that he had fallen behind in the march of progress. He possessed in a marked degree those elements of chivalry and hospitality that were such charm ing characteristics of the true Southern gentleman of the ante bellum days, but at the same time his forcefulness and intellectual power were distinct factors in the development that followed the great internecine conflict. Major Mims was born at Edgefield, S. C., in January, 1830. When he was about five years old his parents removed to Mississippi and settled at the place now known as "County Line," about half-way between Crystal Springs and Terry. He was educated at Old Crystal Springs, adopted the law for his profession, and before he was twenty-one years of age was admitted to the bar. While practicing his profession in Mississippi he formed the acquaintance of such men as Jefferson Davis, Sar gent S. Prentiss, John A. Quitman, Henry S. Foote, Albert G. Brown and other brilliant celebrities that occupied the arena of public life at that time. For Jefferson Davis he formed an affec tion, born of the deepest conviction, and that affection lasted as long as life itself. After serving some time in the office of clerk of the supreme court Major Mims was elected to represent Hinds county in the Mississippi legislature from 1859 to 1861. When the Civil war began he joined the "Brown Rebels," which company he equipped with uniforms and named for Governor Brown, who was elected captain. He was attached to the staff of General Pemberton and was in the engagements at Jackson, Raymond, Champions Hill and the siege of Vicksburg. After that city capit ulated in 1863 he served for some time on the staff of Gen. Joseph

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E. Johnston. Between himself and General Johnston a stanch friendship grew up, which led to their becoming business part ners after the war, and which lasted until the latters death in 1891. In 1868 Major Minis went to New York, where he had a conference with President Beers, of the New York Life Insurance Company, which resulted in his being made the general manager for that company in the states of Georgia, Mississippi, Alabama and Flor ida. Upon returning home he formed a partnership with Gen. Joseph E. Johnston and Gov. Ben. R. Humphreys, of Mississippi, under the firm name of J. E. Johnston & Co. Three offices were established with General Johnston at Savannah, Major Mims at Selma, Ala., and Governor Humphreys at Vicksburg. In 1877 the three offices were consolidated at Atlanta and Major Mims took up his residence in that city. About the same time Governor Hum phreys died and General Johnston retired from the firm, leaving Major Mims manager of the business, which position he retained until his death. He was also the manager for several of the leading fire insurance companies and his knowledge of both life and fire insurance was thorough, which gave him a high standing in the councils of insurance men. He was one of the organizers of the Southeastern tariff association and served as its president from 1889 to 1894. In political matters he: was a Democrat of the old school one of the kind that has an abiding faith in the American people and though he was never particularly active in Georgia politics he yielded in 1900 to the solicitations of his friends and became a candidate for mayor. He opened his campaign with a speech at the Grand opera house, delivered to the ladies of the city. On this occasion he appeared in full evening dress a costume never before worn by a candidate for office in Atlanta when he was to make a political speech. As an example of his quaint way of putting things the following utterance from that speech is worthy of preservation: "I do not know exactly the church to which I owe allegiance, as I am a contributor to several. My wife is a Christian Scientist, my daughter is an Episcopalian, my father was a Baptist, my mother was a Presbyterian, and I am a Confederate Veteran with inclinations to the Salvation Army." His opponents

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in that campaign were Frank P. Rice, I. S. Mitchell and D. N. McCullough, and after a spirited contest he was elected by a hand some plurality. During his administration franchises were first assessed for taxation; $200,000 of water works bonds were sold at a premium of $10,000, although they bore only three and onehalf per cent, interest, a thing that has not happened before nor since; much of the street railway franchise legislation was carried through the council; the gross income tax of the Georgia Railway and Electric Company began; the debts of the former administra tion were paid and an addition made to the perpetual charter fund of the city. Without disparagement to other mayors of Atlanta it is safe to say that none has ever been more zealous in the dis charge of his duties nor more intelligent in executing his obligations to the municipality, though all the time he was in office he found time to converse with his friends who happened to visit him, and never missed an opportunity to crack a.joke or listen to an inter esting anecdote. But it was in social matters that Major Mims was at his best. For twenty years he was president of the Capital City club, of which he was one of the charter members. At the head of this famous social organization he dispensed its hospital ities to three presidents of the United States Cleveland, Harrison and McKinley besides a number of cabinet officers, United States senators and governors of states. On such occasions the reputa tion of the club was fully maintained, for he was a host "to the manner born." The hospitality of his home was proverbial and he loved its associations. For a period of twenty years he was away from Atlanta but twice: once in 1891, when he went to Washington, D. C., to attend the funeral of his old friend and comrade in arms, General Johnston, and again in 1901, when as mayor of the city he visited the exposition at Charleston, S. C., accompanied by the members of the city council and a large number of Atlantas citi zens. When once asked why he did not travel more, he promptly responded: "What do I want to go away for? I have a nice home, an attractive wife and daughter, my books, my chair, my slippers and my plain wholesome food, which is the best in the world to me. I wont go except when I have to go." This answer was

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characteristic of the man. He loved his family and his books, and found pleasure in the associations with both. Being a wide reader he was naturally a gifted and entertaining conversationalist. Although he was full of mirthfulness and enjoyed a good joke, his heart overflowed with the milk of human kindness and many citizens of Atlanta can bear testimony to his generous and well directed charity, which was always of the unostentatious kind. Major Mirns was married three times. His first wife died about one year after their marriage; the second bore him a daughter, who is now the wife of Joseph E. Thompson, and died when that daugh ter was but a child. Mrs. Thompson was president of the Womans Board of the great Cotton States Exposition held some years ago in Atlanta. In this capacity she showed such marked executive ability and such grace and largeness in entertainment that it did much to create a more united feeling between North and South and elicited much encomium. The third wife of Major Mims, and the one who survives him, was Miss Sue Harper, daughter of Col. W. C. Harper, a distinguished lawyer of Brandon, Miss. She is a descendant of that stanch old Scotch ancestry that fled to Ireland in an early day to escape religious persecution. Although a woman of great personal beauty, her physical charms are more than surpassed by her amiable disposition and intellectual attainments. Major Mims was a man of striking personal appearance and bril liant intellect, and for forty years this charming couple walked hand in hand down lifes pathway, congenial in thoughts, tastes and desires, bestowing the blessings of their felicitous personali ties upon all who came within the sphere of their influence. Major Mims maternal grandmother was Eunice Burr, a near relative of Aaron Burr, and it is thought that it was from this branch of his ancestry that he inherited his handsomeness and brilliancy. Pro fessor Silliman of Harvard university was of the same lineage. Major Mims was made the special protege of a Mrs. Davis, a sister of his mother, and with her took long horseback rides in his boy hood to the different educational institutions of Mississippi. She was a woman of rare attainments and doubtless wielded a great, influence in cultivating in him the love for the good, the true and

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the beautiful, which in later years became such marked traits of his character. This Mrs. Davis was the "unknown admirer and rel ative" who placed the stone over Aaron Burrs grave at Princeton, N. J. Upon the occasion of Major Minis death the mayor of At lanta, J. G. Woodward, ordered the city flag at half mast and had the city offices closed to give the officials and employes in the va rious departments an opportunity to attend the funeral. The fol lowing quotations, from the Atlanta Evening News of March 5, 1906, show the character of Major Mims and the esteem in which he was held by his fellow-townsmen: "In the room occupied by the late Livingston Mims there is a marble slab over the mantel piece with this motto painted upon it: The pleasure of doing good is the only one that never wears out. The motto was original with Major Mims. He lived up to his motto. Major Mims was a lover of flowers and. his large lawn on Peachtree street was laden with more beautiful flowers than any place in the city. He took great interest in Mrs. Minis work and read every article she wrote. He sympathized entirely with his lovely wife in her chosen work and nothing interested him more. * * * While Major Mims was dis tinctly a product of the Old South, and while he attained the ripe age of seventy-six years, there was never an hour when he was not abreast of the times and never did he fail to fit into his modern environment. He managed successfully a great business and he made, when three score years and ten had silvered his hair, one of the best mayors Atlanta ever had. * * * But with all his manifold qualities we like to think of him as a rare and splendid type of the old-time Southerner, in whom gentle and tender emotions were mingled with courage and strength. He loved honor; he loved fidelity; he loved his fellow man. * * * But rarest of all exotics in his life, loveliest and most sweet and tender, has been the gentle flower that bloomed nearest his heart she who stays while he is gone."

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JOHN LYMAN MOORE
John Lyman Moore holds prestige as one of the leading opti cians of Atlanta, being senior member of the firm of John L. Moore & Sons. He was born in Portage county, Wis., April 15, 1853, and in his native state he was reared and educated, completing his scholastic discipline in Lawrence university, at Appleton. In 1875 he removed to Nebraska where he became associated with his uncle in the manufacture of windmills. Selling his interest in this enterprise in 1883, he went to Austin, Tex., from which city he became traveling representative of A. K. Hawkes, a prominent optician of the Lone Star state. In 1890 he engaged in the same line of business in Atlanta, as a member of the firm of Faulkner, Kellam & Moore. In 1901 he purchased the interest of Mr. Kellam and established the present firm of John L. Moore & Sons. The firm has a well equipped establishment, its facilities being of the best, and it controls a large and prosperous optical business in the capital city. Mr. Moore is a progressive and pub lic-spirited business man, is a Knight Templar Mason, Noble of the Mystic Shrine, and both he and his wife are members of the Unitarian church. In 1876, at Two Rivers, Mo., Mr. Moore was united in marriage to Miss Laura Adele Hamilton, daughter of Henry P. Hamilton. They have two sons, Earle Hamilton and Harold Edward, both of whom are associated with their father in business.

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DAVID B. MORGAN
David B. Morgan, junior member of the firm of Lindsay & Mor gan, dealers in furniture, Savannah, is one of the representative business men of the city and is also a veteran of the Civil war, in which he rendered loyal service in the Confederate cause. He was born at Cuthbert, Randolph county, Ga., Nov. 27, 1845, a son of David B. and Sarah Ann (Jackson) Morgan, both of whom were born in Georgia, where they passed their entire lives, the father having died a short time before the birth of his son and namesake, the subject of this sketch, and the mother passed away on May 24, 1888. David B. is the only surviving child. He left his native county with his mother, as an infant, the family locating first in Screven and later in Effingham county, where he was a student in the high school at Springfield, the county seat, at the time of the outbreak of the war between the states. On Oct. 1, 1863, when nearly eighteen years of age, Mr. Morgan enlisted as a private in Company I, Fifth Georgia cavalry, with which.he took part in the latter part of the engagement at Ocean Pond, or Olustee, Fla., under General Colquitt. Later he served under Gen. Joseph Wheeler in Tennessee, Alabama, Georgia, South Carolina and North Carolina, surrendering, with his command, at Hillsboro, N. C., in May, 1865, and there received his parole. After the war he devoted six months to agricultural pursuits and then became clerk in the office of a saw-mill at Guyton, Ga. . In 1867 he removed to Savannah, where he secured a position as salesman in a furnitureestablishment. In 1872 he went to Atlanta, making the change for the purpose of recuperating his health, which had become much impaired. For about a year he occupied a clerical position in Atlanta, when he formed a copartnership with his em ployer, the late M. T. Castleberry, under the firm name of D. B. Morgan & Co. This arrangement continued about one year, when he became a member of the firm of Fain & Morgan, which con-

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tinued in existence until the fall of 1875. He then returned to Savannah, where he was employed as salesman until 1885, when he entered into partnership with William J. Lindsay, and they have since continued to conduct a large and prosperous furniture and carpet business, under the firm name of Lindsay & Morgan. Mr. Morgan is a member of the Savannah chamber of commerce; is a Democrat in his political allegiance; is senior deacon in the First Baptist church, and in a fraternal way is identified with the United Confederate Veterans, the Masonic fraternity, the Inde pendent Order of Odd Fellows, the Royal Arcanum and the Wood men of the World. On Oct. 10, 1870, he was united in marriage to Miss Ellen M. Haltiwanger, who died on March 1, 1880, leaving two daughters, Leila E., wife of Robert W. Peatross, of Hanover, Va., but now residing in Atlanta, Ga.; and Ellen M., who remains at the paternal home. On April 6, 1889, Mr. Morgan married Miss Susan E. George, of Savannah, and they have two children, Miriam and David B., Jr.

THOMAS H. MORGAN
Thomas H. Morgan, of Atlanta, is known as one of the leading architects of Georgia, having maintained his home in Atlanta since 1879. His paternal grandparents came from Herefordshire, Eng land, in the year 1834, locating in Manlius, N. Y., where both died in the year 1842. John H. Morgan, M. D., father of the subject of this review, was born in Manlius in 1836, and died in Knoxville, Tenn., in 1887. He was one of the first homoeopathic physicians in Tennessee; was prominent in his profession, and was a mem>ber of several fraternal and social orders. On July 4, 1876, the cen tennial of the signing of the Declaration of Independence, he founded the Order of the Golden Cross, a benevolent and insurance fra ternity which now has many thousand members. In Syracuse, N. Y., he was united in marriage to Miss Elizabeth McDonald,

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and she died in that city in 1865. Thomas H. Morgan was born near Syracuse, Dec. 11, 1857, and at the close of the Civil war, in the winter of 1865-6, he joined his father in Knoxville, where he attended private and public schools, and afterward entered the East Tennessee university, now the University of Tennessee. During the summer vacation of 1876, when eighteen years of age, he took up the study of architecture as a pastime and became so attracted to the art and its practical ap plication that he decided to leave the university and devote him self to the thorough and scientific study of architecture, with a view to making the profession his permanent vocation. After three years of technical study in Knoxville, St. Louis, Mo., and New York city, Mr. Morgan took up his residence in Atlanta, ar riving in that city on March 7, 1879. Here he entered the office of Parkins & Bruce, as an assistant. On Jan. 1, 1882, Mr. Parkins retired from the firm and Mr. Morgan entered into partnership with A. C. Bruce, under the firm name of Bruce & Morgan. This association continued for twenty-two years, Mr. Bruce retiring from the firm on Jan. 1, 1904. Since that time Mr. Morgan has been associated with John R. Dillon, under the title of Morgan & Dillon. Mr. Morgan has been actively engaged in the work of his profession in Atlanta for nearly twenty-seven years, and within that time he has planned and supervised the erection of many of the most important buildings in the South. His more important work within the past few years has been the planning of steel and fire-proof office buildings in Atlanta, notably the Prudential, the Austell, the Empire, the Century, the Fourth National bank build ing and the Germania bank building, the last mentioned being in the city of Savannah. In politics Mr. Morgan is a stanch Demo crat and while he has never held political office he is never neg lectful of the duties of citizenship, making it a rule to cast his vote in every election. He and his wife are communicants of the Protestant Episcopal church. He is a fellow of the American in stitute of architects and the Atlanta chamber of commerce, the Capital City club and the Piedmont Driving club. In the Masonic fraternity he is identified with the lodge, chapter and command-

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ery, and also with the adjunct organization, the Ancient Arabic Order of the Nobles of the Mystic Shrine. On Sept. 5, 1889, Mr. Morgan was united in marriage to Miss Sarah Elizabeth Hyde, daughter of Arunah W. and Elizabeth (Russell) Hyde, of Hydeville, Vt. The marriage was solemnized in Springfield, Mass., where Mrs. Morgan was residing at the time. Mr. and Mrs. Mor gan have one daughter, Elizabeth Hyde Morgan, who was born in Atlanta, Feb. 1, 1891.

HERMAN MYERS
Herman Myers, mayor of Savannah and one of the citys most progressive business men and honored citizens, was born in Ba varia, Germany, Jan. 18, 1847, a son of Sigmund and Fanny Myers, who immigrated from the fatherland to America when he was a small child and located in Bath county, Va. He was educated in the public schools of the Old Dominion state and then learned the tanners trade, under the direction of his father. On the death of the latter, in 1861, the family removed to Lynchburg, Va., and in 1867 the future mayor of Savannah removed from Lynchburg to the "Forest City" of Georgia, where he has ever since maintained his home. Here he engaged in the cigar and tobacco business, sub sequently becoming a large handler of wool, under the title of H. Myers & Bro. He also became an extensive manufacturer of cigars, being heavily interested in the El Modelo Cigar Manufacturing Company, of Tampa, Fla., of which he was president, and later of the Cuban-American Cigar Manufacturing Company, of Tampa and Havana, into which the El Modelo Company was merged. A few years ago he disposed of his interest in this industry. He was one of the organizers and for some years president of the Savannah Grocery Company, a wholesale concern. In 1885 he was one of the organizers of the National bank of Savannah, of which he has been president from the time of its incorporation.

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In 1886, at the time of the organization of the Oglethorpe Savings and Trust Company, he was elected vice-president, and in 1904, upon the death of President Joseph J. Dale, he was elected to the presidency of the institution. Mr. Myers was one of the promoters and organizers of the South Bound Railroad Company, of which he was vice-president until the sale of the property to the Seaboard Air Line Railroad Company. He was also largely interested in the old Savannah & Tybee railroad and the Tybee Hotel Company, having been an officer in each. In addition to his Savannah inter ests he was a member of the syndicate that purchased the Macon railway and lighting systems, and is now president of the re organized corporation. Mr. Myers entered polities in 1885, in which year he was elected a member of the board of aldermen. He served continuously as a member of the city council for ten years, and within this period he was vice-chairman of the body for two years, and chairman for two years. He served on the finance com mittee during the entire decade, was on the police committee eight years, on the water committee eight years, on the committee on as sessments three years, on market two years, on harbor and wharves two years, and on special railroad committee one year. For five years he was a member of the sanitary board. This varied serv ice thoroughly equipped him for the duties of mayor, to which office he was next called, and enabled him, by his full knowledge of city business, to give a satisfactory administration of municipal affairs. Mr. Myers first mayoralty race was in 3895, when he was pitted against the late Dr. William Duncan, one of Savannahs most prom inent and honored citizens. He received a majority of 655, carrying nearly every precinct in the city. At the close of his first term, in January, 1897, there was a division in his party, which temporarily alienated some of his former and present strong supporters. In that year the race was betwen him and Col. Peter W. Meldrim, and the contest was one of the most spirited the city has ever known, each candidate carrying ten precincts and Meldrim win ning by 223 votes. In 1899, against Hon. John J. McDonough, Mr. Myers was again elected mayor, by a majority of 224, and in 1901 he was elected for a third term, without opposition. In 1903,

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again without opposition, he was elected as his own successor, and in 1905 the same conditions again prevailed, their being no opposing candidate. Of Mayor Myers administration the follow ing estimate has been published in a local newspaper: "He has endeavored to hold down departmental expenses to as low a limit as their proper maintenance would permit, in order to have a sur plus for public improvements. As a result his administration has been marked by the greatest permanent public improvements in the history of Savannah, over fifteen miles of street having been paved, the water works plant enlarged, large expenditures made for street opening and the removal of encroachments, and lastly, and in the eyes of many his chief monument, a magnificent new city hall is now under erection, which will be when completed the finest south of Richmond, Va., its cost, with furnishings, approach ing $300,000, and built out of the regular revenues of the city, without issuing a single obligation and without the slightest in crease in taxes." Mr. Myers is a thirty-second degree Mason, having been initiated into the fraternity as a member of Marshall Lodge, Lynchburg, Va.

PRYOR L. MYNATT
In the early part of the eighteenth century Richard Mynatt, a young Englishman, came over to Virginia and settled in Prince William county, where he married and became the founder of the American branch of the Mynatt family. To him were born several children. William, the eldest son, moved into Fauquier county, Va., where he married, established a home and reared a large family. His second son, Joseph, imbued with the desire, so pravalent in those days, to penetrate further into the new country, crossed over the mountains to eastern Ten nessee and settled in Knox county. There he met and married Eliza Hickle, also a native of Virginia, though of German descent. Of this union there were four children, and it is of Pryor L., the

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eldest of the number, that this story is told, truthfully told, with the earnest hope that it may be an inspiration to other lads to make of themselves men of whom it may be said that "the world was better for their having lived." Pryor L. Mynatt was born on a farm in Knox county, Tenn., Sept. 7, 1829. Here his youth was passed in aiding in the farm work and attending the country schools, where he eagerly acquired all the knowledge afforded by the primitive institutions. Very early in life there came to the lad a love of books and a thirst for knowledge, and this predilection was fostered and encouraged by his mother, a woman of more than ordinary mentality. As most of the travel at this time was through the country and as the Mynatt home was on the public highway, the lawyers, passing to and from the sessions of court, would often stop here for a night or for a rest during the day. The boy heard much of the outside world through this source and listened eagerly to the discussions of these men, who represented the profession that was the gateway at that time for many broad fields of culture and eminence, and when very young he determined to make of him self a good lawyer. His people had ever been farmers and lovers of the soil, and his father preferred that he should remain on the farm, but his mind was firmly fixed and, believing that he could do best with the legal profession, he held tenaciously to his purpose, though often contending with the greatest difficulties. Perhaps there are no conditions more conducive to growth in self-reliance or to the development of resources within oneself than those of a farm life with limited financial means. It is a training that en ables a man the better to comprehend and master the details and complexities later in life. Obstacles that at the time seem hard and discouraging prove in the end strong factors in character build ing and the work brings strength intellectually as well as physical ly. No one realized this more thoroughly than did Mr. Mynatt, and though he gave up farm life when it became necessary in furtherance of his designated aim, he never ceased to feel grateful for its influence in molding his character. Patiently and faithfully he worked his way through the college at Marysville, Tenn., where he was graduated in the summer of 1849. For a time he taught

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school in Tennessee and Alabama, to meet the expense of his law studies. Later he went to Knoxville and entered the office of a prominent lawyer. Completing his law course at Lebanon, Tenn., he began practice at Jacksboro in that state, but, desiring a broader field, he returned to Knoxville, where within a short time he gained a lucrative practice and a fine reputation as a lawyer. Mr. Mynatt was an ardent Southerner and, believing in the rights of secession, he went heart and soul with the Confederacy, enlisting in 1861. Early in 1862 he was a private in Company I of the Second Tennes see cavalry, commanded by Col. Henry M. Ashby. On Nov. 21, 1862, he was appointed captain and assistant commissary of subsis tence and assigned to duty with the First Tennessee regiment of cavalry, commanded by Col. James E. Carter. In 1863 he was promoted to the rank of major and assistant commissary of subsis tence on the staff of Gen. John Pegram, commanding a brigade. After the battle of Resaca he was assistant commissary of subsis tence, with the same rank, on the staff of Gen. W. Y. C. Humes, commanding Humes division of cavalry, and held that position until the close of the war, being paroled, with this division, at Charlotte, N. C., May 3, 1865. At the close of the war it was im possible for those who had espoused the Southern cause to return to eastern Tennessee, the feeling being so bitter that their very lives were endangered by attempting to return, in addition to which their homes had been destroyed and their property confiscated. Colonel Mynatt, with many other former residents of eastern Ten nessee left homeless by the war, settled in Atlanta, Ga. Here he opened an office and began the practice of law. Atlanta was in ashes and the outlook was anything but promising, but, notwith standing the difficulties, he soon built up a good practice. He had been a faithful, painstaking student, mastering thoroughly the principles of the law; he was endowed with one of those clear, perceptive minds that quickly grasp the main points in a case, and at the same time he had the patient care for detail. Thus fortified, and imbued with an ardent love for his chosen calling, he was most thoroughly prepared for the work that came to him. He soon established himself on a very high plane with the bar, not only of

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Atlanta, which was one of the strongest, but also of the entire state, as a fine constitutional lawyer. He was a delegate to the constitu tional convention of 1877, serving faithfully and with marked abil ity in connection with all questions considered by that body and adding greatly to his reputation by his untiring efforts in behalf of the railroad commission. Not long after the adoption of this law he successfully defended it against the attack upon its constitution ality by three of the strongest railroad powers, represented by some of the states ablest lawyers, in a litigation extending over a period of more than three years and carried through both state and United States courts. This was regarded as a great legal victory for both the commission and for Colonel Mynatt. One of his strongest char acteristics as a lawyer was the careful preparation of his cases as to every detail, with lucid presentation and pleading. This en abled him to gain many difficult and involved cases, believed by the most eminent lawyers to be impossible of bringing to successful issue. The Air Line railroad case, which involved $11,000,000 and which attracted wide attention because of the unique questions in the case, after long and arduous labor he gained for the owners as against the bondholders, who were about to take possession of the property. Thoroughly trained as a corporation lawyer, his opinions on all questions bearing upon this branch of his profes sion were highly valued by his fellow lawyers. His integrity intellectually as well as morally placed him on the highest plane with his professional confreres and many young men who studied in his office felt the power of this combined influence and gained a lasting respect for the dignity of the profession. Colonel Mynatt was a leal and loyal Democrat and aided the party in every way possible. As a member of the legislature of 1878 he was a faithful and efficient worker. When the prohibition laws were passed in Atlanta some of the liquor dealers and manufacturers contested the constitutionality of these laws and very able counsel was em ployed on both sides. Colonel Mynatt was the leading lawyer for the defense and in this ably conducted legal fight he won his case, which was.carried through both state and Federal courts. He also gained the great Tumlin estate case, involving $75,000, against the

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views of his own able associates in the cause. He was for a long time senior counsel for the East Tennessee & Georgia railway sys tem and for the Atlanta & Florida railroad. Loving his profes sion, he never descended to the tricks of a trade but held always to the highest ideals, maintaining the dignity and integrity of his profession as well as of the man. Quick of perception, broad and tolerant in his views, a thorough investigator of the law and facts in his cases, invariably careful in the preparations of his causes for trial, it was not surprising that success should result. He was for many years a member of the Presbyterian church, and in De cember, 1880, was ordained an elder in the Central Presbyterian church, of Atlanta, proving a faithful, and useful officer. His Christian faith guided and guarded him in every relation of life. In 1860 he married, at Knoxville, Tenn., Alice, third daughter of Major Campbell Wallace, and to them were born four children Campbell Wallace, Joseph Lyon, Pryor L., Jr., and Alice Wallace. Tender and true always in the home life, as elsewhere, his loved ones of the immediate family circle were ever made glad by the sound of his returning footsteps. Colonel Mynatt died in Atlanta, Sept. 2, 1900, and is survived by his wife and two of his children Joseph Lyon and Alice Wallace, now residing in Atlanta. A dis tinguished jurist said of him: "He had great success as a lawyer; he was diligent, industrious and learned; one main reason for his success was the excellence of his character. Such a life is, indeed, an inspiration to us all and will live after him, a shining example pointing the way to what is noblest in our profession."

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JAMES J. ONEILL
. James J. ONeill, one of the representative business men of Rome, Floyd county, where he conducts the largest saw mill, lumber and planing mill business in northern Georgia, one of the largest enterprises of the sort in the state, is a veteran of the Confed erate service in the Civil war and has passed his entire life in Georgia. He was born in Cherokee county, April 26, 1844, and was there reared and educated. He is a son of Capt. John B. and Nancy (Blythe) ONeill, the former born in South Carolina and the latter in Cherokee county, Ga. Capt. John B. ONeill en listed in the Confederate ranks at the beginning of the Civil war as captain of Company A, Eighteenth regiment, Georgia Volun teers, and was wounded in the second battle of Manassas. The injury was so severe that he was never afterward able for field service, and passed the remainder of his life in Cobb county, where his wife also died. The family was also represented in the war of the Revolution. James J. ONeill was seventeen years of age at the time of the outbreak of the war between the states. He en tered the military service of the state of Georgia in 1861, as ser geant in Company A, First regiment, Fourth Georgia brigade. After being in rendezvous two months the command went to Vir ginia and entered the Confederate service, being numbered as the Eighteenth Georgia infantry. This was the Georgia regiment that was brigaded with three Texas regiments to form what was known as Hoods Texas Brigade, famous for its reckless daring in battle. Sergeant ONeill shared fully in the service of this brigade at the battles of West Point, Seven Pines, Seven Days battle before Richmond, Mechanicsville, Cold Harbor, White Oak Swamp, Malvern Hill, Kellys Ford and Thoroughfare Gap. In the second battle of Manassas he captured the flag of the Twenty-fourth New York regiment. In this engagement his father, Capt. J. B. ONeill, was seriously wounded and was furloughed to his home,

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carrying the captured flag with him. He gave the flag to private Northcutt, of his company, to convey the same to a member of the legislature and through the latter to the governor of the state at Milledgeville, and by some means Northcutt was given credit for the capture of the flag, as is shown in the reports of Forty-second Georgia records. Following closely on Manassas were the battles of South Mountain and Sharpsburg, Md., in which Sergeant ONeill participated, and later he took part in the battles of Fredericksburg, the Wilderness, Chancellorsville and Gettysburg, after which he was transferred to the Western Army as a private in the Sixth Georgia cavalry, and was under command of Gen. Joe Wheeler. Private ONeill took part in the battles of Chickamauga, Sweetwater, Philadelphia, Loudon and Dandridge, at which last men tioned place he was promoted to first sergeant. He was also in the siege of Knoxville and the engagements at Beans Station and Mossy Creek (now Jefferson City,) at which last point he was seriously wounded, Dec. 29, 1863. He was thereafter in hospital until sent home on a furlough. On recuperating he joined his reg iment at Resaca and took part in the engagement at that place as first sergeant in command of his company. In the battle of New Hope Church he was promoted to second lieutenant, in which rank he was often in command of his company. He took part in the bat tles of Jones Farm, McAfees Cross Roads, Latimers Mill, Kenesaw Mountain, and the engagement near Smyrna, was in all of the battles around Atlanta and assisted in the capture of Stoneman and his command, as well as the driving of Cook and Garrard across the Chattahoochee river. He rode with Wheeler and his men on the famous raid through northern Georgia and Tennessee, fighting and skirmishing day and night. While crossing the Cum berland mountains he was captured by the notorious bushwacker, Blackburn, but escaped by taking desperate chances, and rejoined his regiment. Returning in time to see the destruction of Atlanta, he assisted in fighting Shermans cavalry night and day, on the famous march to the sea, and after the fall of Savannah took part in the operations in the Carolinas, including the battle of Aiken, where his horse was shot under him, and also the battle of Ben-

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tonville. He surrendered near Greensboro, N. C, under the capitu lation of Gen. Joseph E. Johnston, April 26, 1865. After the close of his gallant and faithful military career Captain ONeill located in Marietta, where for some time he was employed as a clerk in a mercantile establishment and where, in 1865, he was united in mar riage to Miss Mary A. Cook. He finally engaged in the lumber and milling business, with which he has ever since been identified. In 1881 he established himself in this line of enterprise in Rome, beginning operations on a small scale and from this modest incep tion evolving the fine industrial enterprise controlled by the ONeill Manufacturing Company, of which he is president, and his son, James H., vice-president. The plant of the company is the largest in the northern part of the state and there are only two larger in the entire state. Employment is given to an average of 100 workmen, and the output includes general planing-mill work, sash, doors, blinds, etc. The products are sold principally in Vir ginia, Illinois, Ohio, Kentucky and other states further to the north, and the company has four lumber yards in West Virginia, handling all kinds of stock from the headquarters, in addition to the man ufactured products. Captain ONeill is arrayed as a stanch sup porter of the Democratic party, though never a seeker of office, and is identified with the United Confederate Veterans. Captain and Mrs. ONeil became the parents of three children, Leni L., James H. and Louise, all of whom are living.

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JACOB PAULSEN
Jacob Paulsen holds prestige as one of the most prominent and influential business men of the historic old city of Savannah, where his capitalistic interests are wide and varied, and where he stands high in the regard of all who know him. He has the distinct initiative ability and industrious habits so characteristic of the sturdy race from which he is sprung, and his course in life has been dominated and directed by the highest principles of integrity and honor. It was his privilege to render loyal and gallant service in support of the Confederacy during the Civil war and he stands to day among the representative citizens of Savannah and of the state of Georgia. Mr. Paulsen was born in Holstein, Germany, Aug. 1, 1837, a son of John and Magdalene (Spleit) Paulsen, the former born in Hanover and the latter in Holstein, Germany. The parents passed their entire lives in the fatherland. Jacob Paulsen secured his early education in the excellent schools of his native land and was there identified with agricultural pursuits until he had attained to the age of seventen years, when he adopted a seafaring life, tak ing a position as cabin-boy on one of the trans-Atlantic vessels of the day. In 1856, after two years of service on the sea, he took up his residence in the United States, making his headquarters in New Orleans, but still continuing his identification with maritime inter ests, as a sailor in the coast trade, being promoted from time to time, for faithful and efficient service, until finally, in 1860, he was given the captaincy of a vessel. He continued in this capacity until the outbreak of the Civil war, when he manifested his loyalty to the cause of the southern states in no uncertain way. In April, 1861, he enlisted as a private in Company B, Fourth Florida infan try. The regiment was mobilized at Apalachicola and thence was sent to Fernandina, where it was stationed until the evacuation of that place. Within this time Colonel Holland, commanding the regiment, with five of his men, including the subject of this sketch,

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was captured by a United States vessel, while under a flag of truce. They were held in captivity until the evacuation of Fernandina, when they were released and permitted to rejoin their regiment, which had retreated to Lake City, Fla. From that point the com mand was ordered to Mobile, Ala., thence to Atlanta and finally to Chattanooga, from .which point it went forth and assisted in the recapturing of the city of Murfreesboro. Thereafter the regiment was engaged in numerous skirmishes between Murfreesboro and Nashville. In 1863 Mr. Paulsen was transferred to the navy arm of the service, being assigned to the gunboat "Chattahoochee," which was then lying at the Georgia town of that name. He was made a commissioned officer and remained on this vessel about eight months, when it was destroyed by an explosion. He was then transferred to the Confederate ram "Savannah," an iron-clad vessel then in service in the Savannah river, and remained on this boat until the capture of Savannah by Shermans forces, when the ship was destroyed by its own officers and crew. When Sherman en tered the city Mr. Paulsen went to Charleston, S. C., where he en tered service on the iron-clad named "Palmetto State," which ves sel also was destroyed by its men, at the time when Sherman entered Charleston. Prior to this, however, Mr. Paulsen had been transferred to Wilmington,. N. C., and when that city capitulated, in February, 1865, was captured and taken to New York city, where he remained until the close of the war, a few months later. After the return of peace Mr. Paulsen returned to Georgia and located in Savannah, where he has since made his home. Here he estab lished himself in the grocery and ship-chandlery business, begin ning operations on a modest.scale, and continuing to be identified with this line of enterprise from 1866 to 1880, in which latter year he effected the organization of the Propeller Tow Boat Company, of which he became the largest stockholder and of which he has been president from its inception. This company has a well equipped fleet of tugs and controls a large business in the Savan nah river and harbor and along the coast of this section. Besides his important interests in this concern Mr. Paulsen is also vicepresident of the Oglethorpe Savings & Trust Company, and a di-

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rector in each of the following named important corporations: The National bank of Savannah, the Savannah Electric Company, the Macon Railway & Light Company, the Georgia Telephone Company, and the Savannah Lighterage & Transfer Company. He is distinctively a man of affairs and is a citizen of worth and in fluence, held in high regard by all who know him. He is a stanch adherent of the Democratic party; in 1900 was elected a member of the board of commissioners of Chatham county; was reflected in 1904, and is now the incumbent of this office. He is affiliated with Clinton Lodge, Free and Accepted Masons, and Hope Lodge, Independent Order of Odd Fellows. He and his wife are zealous and valued members of the Church of the Ascension, Lutheran, in Savannah, and he is chairman of its board of trustees. On July 27, 1868, in Bremen, Germany, was solemnized the marriage of Mr. Paulsen to Miss Henrietta Meinken, daughter of Henry and Sophia (Ritter) Meinken, who continued as residents of Bremen until their death. In conclusion is entered brief record concerning the children of Mr. and Mrs. Paulsen: Annie S. is the wife of Otto Seiler, who is engaged in the insurance business in Savan nah, and they have one son, Carl; John F. is treasurer of the Propeller Tow Boat Company and married Miss Anna Martha Marscher, daughter of William Marscher, of Charleston, S. C.; Jacob H. is secretary of the Propeller Tow Boat Company and married Miss Catherine Kuck, daughter of Henry Kuck, of Savan nah ; Emma Henrietta is the wife of Harry H. Kuck, of Savannah; and Grover Cleveland, who was born June 11, 1886, remains at the parental home. All of the sons are able and popular young business men and the family holds a secure place in the business and social circles of the city.

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RICHARD PETERS
Richard Peters was one of the founders and upbuilders of the present capital city of Georgia and one of the most honored citizens and pioneers of the state. He achieved notable success in temporal affairs, but all this was subordinate to the personal integrity and nobility of the man, whose life was one of signal usefulness and honor in all its relations. A cyclopedic compilation can not properly enter into exhaustive details, but in this work on the state of Georgia it is imperative that more than cursory consid eration be given to the subject of this memoir. Mr. Peters was born in Germantown, Pa., now a suburb of Philadelphia, Nov. 10, 1810, and was a son of Ralph and Catherine (Couyughan) Peters. In Burkes Encyclopedia of Heraldy are indicated twenty different Peters families having coats of arms. In Burkes Landed Gentry the motto of the Peter, Petre and Peters families is the same. Burke inclines to the opinion that all sprang from the noble house of Petre, which was prominent in England prior to 1472. The coat of arms found in the home of William Peters, great-grand father of the subject of this sketch, is virtually that of the present Baron Petre, of Essex, England. The name William was borne by Sir William Petre, LL. D., in the days of Henry VIII. In a most interesting and carefully compiled history of the ancestors and descendants of her father, Richard Peters, Mrs. Nellie (Peters) Black covers the field with almost reverent devotion. She traces the ancestral line to Ralph Peters, a clerk of the council, who died in Liverpool, England, in 1776. His two sons, Rev. Richard and William Peters, immigrated to America in the early part of the eighteenth century, taking up their residence in Pennsylvania, where Richard followed the work of the ministry and attained to venerable age, but left no descendants. William had married in England, where his wife died, and after coming to America he married Mary Brientnall, of a well known family near Philadelphia.

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Of this union were born three sons Thomas, William and Richard. Thomas became a resident of Baltimore, Md.; William died young; and Richard, grandfather of him to whom this memoir is dedicated, became a man of distinction in Pennsylvania and in the history of the nation. He was secretary of war under General Washington and was judge of the United States district court in Philadelphia until the time of his death, in 1828. It has been said that "His services to the struggling confederation of colonies were of the highest and most unselfish order," and that "perhaps to him and Robert Morris, who was his friend and fellow townsman, the suc cess of the war was more indebted than to any other two men among the civilians." He inherited from his father the valuable estate known as Belmont, just outside of the city of Philadelphia. His son Ralph, father of Richard, subject of this review, was not successful in financial affairs, and of him the son has said that while he married into the Couyughan family, which was at one time a prominent and wealthy one, his financial resources remained so meager that he was finally compelled to remove to what was then the backwoods country of Pennsylvania. George G. Smith, of Macon, Georgia, has written in regard to Richard Peters in prac tically the following words; apropos in connection with the fore going statement: "Mr. Peters as a boy became fond of this wild life, but his kinsfolk were not willing for him to grow up under such conditions, and, against his will, he was sent to Philadelphia to grandparents, in order that he might attend school. He was not classically educated, but was fitted to enter the office of an archi tect. He became satisfied that the work of this profession would not suit him, and when the era of railroad building was ushered in he went into the field as a rodman, at one and one-half dollars a day. Among his friends in the engineer corps was J. Edgar Thompson. When Mr. Thompson came to Georgia as chief engi neer of the projected Georgia railroad he offered Mr. Peters, who was then about twenty-six years old, a place in the corps, with a salary of $1,000 per annum. Having saved no money, Mr. Peters borrowed $100 and through this means was enabled to come to Georgia. He located the line of the Georgia railroad and always

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considered this one of his best pieces of work. It was nearly eight years from the time the first engine rolled out of Augusta to the time it reached the terminus, now the city of Atlanta, and he was in the field from the start to the finish. The road reached Atlanta, which was then known as Marthasville, and Mr. Thompson said the name of the terminus should be Atlanta. None of the chiefs of the corps had had any hope for the upbuilding of Atlanta except Mr. Peters. He thought there was a future for the village, and what money he had to spare he invested in real estate. He married and bought a home, one of the best in the town at that time. Then, as he had established a line of stages to Montgomery, he bought all that land stretching from Forsyth street down to South Broad, for a stable lot. He had never lost his taste for farming, and when on a visit up the state road at Oothcaloga station, he found a body of limestone land to be purchasable, he bought a large estate there, having determined to establish a stock farm. He had rich friends who reposed implicit confidence in him, and his paper was giltedge, so he made many ventures and ran very narrow risks of failure, but he never failed. He did not make money farming. He spent it lavishly and did a vast deal for the up-country and the state by his experiments. He built a large flour mill, and to keep the fires roaring he bought 400 acres of land at five dollars an acre, more than a mile from the center of the little city. He said to me: Mr. Smith, few make fortunes by good judgment or hard work. Something they never foresaw takes place in their favor. Now here am I. I bought 400 acres of land merely to get wood from it, and it is in the heart of Atlanta. He was always enterprising, and, associated with George Adair, he secured the charter and built the first street railroad in the city. He brought in Short-horns, Devons, Brahmin and Jerseys. He brought in Chester Whites, Berkshires and Essex swine. He brought in the Chinese sugar cane. He established nurseries, brought in fine dogs, planted clover and tim othy, and had all that was rare and beautiful in floriculture. He spent no time on the streets. With his favorite servant man and his modest carriage he drove to the postoffice and the bank and back to his cosy, unpretentious home and his desk. From his study

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he attended to the work demanded. He was an Episcopalian of long descent. The bishops of that church made his house their home, and two of them, Quintard and Elliott, were so esteemed by him that he named his sons in their honor. He was my ideal of an old-time English gentleman. His mill venture did not prove a suc cess, but was the real cause of his leaving an estate of nearly $1,000,000, since it led to the purchase of the land whose appreciation in value brought him a fortune. His family life, of which we have a beautiful picture in the book so lovingly compiled by his daughter, Mrs. Black, was ideal. His home was his paradise. He-spent his leisure among his flowers and fruits and pigeons and poultry and fine cattle, and in his home he found all he wished for realized his hearts desire. He was a slaveholder and true southerner in senti ment, but was opposed to secession. He was a blockade runner on a large scale, and nearly gained a fortune through his operations in this line. Mr. Peters was united in marriage Feb. 18, 1848, to Miss Mary Jane Thompson, daughter of Dr. Joseph Thompson, of Atlanta. Living within six miles of where she was born, she has but one woe to fear in her honored age Woe be unto you when all men speak well of you. Mr. Peters made by force and integrity his merits known. He never wrecked any railroads or turned any corners in stocks. He modestly disclaimed any credit for his success, but he deserved much. He was as far removed from a snob as any rich and well born man I ever knew. He was really a great man and would have been a statesmen of no low order. He left seven children, of whom he was justly proud. Although not a Georgian by birth, much the larger part of his life was spent here, and he did as much for his adopted state as any man of his day. Mrs. Black, who edited and compiled the delightful volume from which these data are principally gleaned, is his second child. She was much noted during her young life for her tender care of the poor and for her strong individuality. She married General Black, of Screven county, who was in the legislature. He died and left her with three children. She is manager, and a capital manager, of the farm which was Mr. Peters pride." Mr. Peters was summoned to the life eternal Feb. 6, 1889, and was laid to

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rest in Oakland cemetery, Atlanta. His widow, Mary Jane (Thomp son) Peters, was born Dec. 31, 1830, a daughter of Dr. Joseph and Mary Ann Tomlinson (Young) Thompson, of Decatur, Ga. Mr. and Mrs. Peters became the parents of the following named chil dren : Richard, Mary Ellen, Ralph, Edward Couyughan, Catherine Couyughan, Joseph Thompson, Stephen Elliott, Quintard, and Anna May. Richard is an influential citizen of Philadelphia. Mary Ellen (called Nellie) was born Feb. 9, 1851, and on April 17, 1877, married George Robison Black, who died Nov. 3, 1886, and who is survived by three children Nita Hughes, Louise King, and Ralph Peters. Mrs. Nellie (Peters) Black is president of the Free Kinder garten association, and is a member of the Colonial Dames, the Daughters of the American Revolution, and the United Daughters of the Confederacy. Ralph Peters, second son of the subject of this, memoir, is a resident of New York and president of the Long Island railroad. Edward C. resides in Atlanta, is president of the Atlanta Savings bank and has the management of the Peters estate. Cath erine C. is unmarried and resides in Atlanta. Joseph T. and Stephen E. died in infancy. Quintard was born in 1866 and died in 1894. Anna May is the wife of Henry M. Atkinson, one of Atlantas lead ing capitalists.

WILLIAM I. PIKE
William I. Pike is one of the leading members of the bar of Jackson county, having been engaged in the practice of his pro fession in Jefferson, the county seat, for the past forty years. He has held various positions of distinctive public trust and respon sibility, is a veteran of the Confederate service in the Civil war and a citizen of utmost loyalty and public spirit. Captain Pike was born in the city of Macon, Bibb county, Ga., Jan. 17, 1842, a son of Henry and Ann (Stevens) Pike, the former of whom was born in Edgefield, S. C., Feb. 38, 1804, and the latter in New Haven, Conn., in 1806. His paternal great-grandfather was a soldier

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in the war of the Revolution, in which he served under Gen eral Greene. The maternal grandfather Stevens also did valiant service in the cause of independence, having taken part in the bat tle of Bunker Hill and other engagements. William I. Pike com pleted his academic or literary training in the Martin institute, Jefferson, Ga., and was still a student at the time when the Civil war was precipitated on a divided nation. On May 8, 1862, he en listed as a private in Company E, First Georgia regiment of Par tisan Rangers, afterward known as the Sixteenth Georgia battalion of cavalry and still later as the Thirteenth Georgia regiment of cavalry. His service in the cause of the Confederacy was long and arduous and was marked by unwavering loyalty to duty. He was with Gen. John H. Morgan in his memorable raid in 1862, and in this connection he took part in the following important engage ments : Tompkinsville, Russellville, Lebanon, Cynthiana, Paris and Richmond, Ky. Later he was in the command of Gen. William E. Jones and took part in the engagements at Knoxville, Bulls Gap, Morristown, Blue Springs and Limestone, Tenn. Thereafter he was with Gen. Jubal A. Early in the campaign in Virginia, in 1864, and later served under Gen. John C. Breckenridge in southern West Virginia and eastern Tennessee. In 1862 Captain Pike was made assistant adjutant, in the following year ordnance sergeant of his regiment, and was finally promoted to the office of captain, at Char lotte, N. C., by Gen. John C. Breckenridge, secretary of war. His regiment first surrendered with General Lee, at Appomattox, being at the time at Christiansburg, Va. He and a number of the mem bers of his regiment went across to Charlotte, N. C., and joined the forces of Gen. Joseph E. Johnston, thereafter having the distinction of being a portion of the body guard of President Davis and his cabinet, who were making their way into Georgia. When the final disbanding came only four of the members of his command were with Captain Pike. The ultimate surrender was made under the terms of agreement entered into by Generals Johnston and Sherman, calling for the surrender of all Confederate troops east of the Mississippi river. After the close of the war, which had brought devastation and depression to the beautiful southland, Captain Pike

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returned home and took up the practice of law, having been admit ted to the bar in February, 1862, prior to his enlistment. In the latter part of 1866 he established himself in the practice of his pro fession in Jefferson, where he has since maintained his home and where he is now a veritable Nestor of the Jackson county bar. Shortly after initiating his practice he was elected solicitor of the county court, and retained this position until the reconstruction acts went into operation and the constitution of 1868 was adopted. He was a member of the house of representatives in the state legisla ture in 1878-9 and again in 1892-3, and he served his city as mayor in 1880-81-82. In 1882-3 he was a member of the state senate. His record as a legislator is one which stands to his credit as a loyal citizen and a man of broad and liberal views and mature judgment. Captain Pike has been an influential factor in the councils of the Democratic party in his state; was a delegate to the national con vention of 1884, when Cleveland was first nominated for the presi dency; and was a Democratic elector for the ninth congressional district at the time of Bryans first campaign for the presidency. He is a Royal Arch Mason and both he and his wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal church South. He has been a member of the board of trustees of Martin institute since 1870 and is a val ued and appreciative member of the United Confederate Veterans. On Oct. 26, 1860, Captain Pike was united in marriage to Miss Lucy A. Thompson, daughter of the late William S. and Eliza (Bailey) Thompson, of Jefferson, and the names, with respective dates of birth, of the six children of this union are as follows: Jef ferson D., July, 1861; Gertrude, 1864; Cora, 1866; Lena, 1868; Neva, 1870; and Lucy, 1874. Gertrude is the wife of W. A. Adams, of Jackson county; Cora is the wife of Oscar M. Hyman, of Texas; Neva is the widow of Dr. John A. Tuck, also of Texas; and Lucy is the wife of R. E. Whelchel, of Jackson county.

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W. EDWARD PLATT
W. Edward Platt, a representative undertaker and funeral direc tor of Augusta, was born in that city, Jan. 21, 1853, a son of Col. Charles A. and Elizabeth Platt, the former born in New York city and the latter in the state of Connecticut, in which commonwealth their marriage was solemnized. A few years after their marriage, about the year 1840, they removed from New York city to Augusta, Ga., and in that city they passed the remainder of their lives. The father was a cabinet-maker by trade and upon locating in Augusta he engaged in the manufacture of furniture, operating a well equipped furniture factory and also having a furniture store, both enterprises being conducted under his name. In 1849 he added an undertaking department to his business, and from this beginning has been built up the business now conducted by his son, the sub ject of this review, the concern thus standing as one of the oldest of the kind in the city. In 1856 Colonel Platt admitted to partnership his brother, Jacob B. Platt, and Horton B. Adams, and the firm title of Charles A. Platt & Co. was then adopted. In 1865 the firm name became Platt Bros., and thus continued until May, 1887, when the business was sold to the subject of this review, who has since conducted the enterprise individually. The furniture manufactory and store were abandoned a number of years ago and the under taking business represented the enterprise at the time the present proprietor assumed control. At the outbreak of the Civil war Col. Charles A. Platt entered the Confederate service, as captain of Company A, Clinch Rifles, which was assigned to the Fifth Georgia volunteer infantry, and became a part of the command of General Bragg. Captain Platt was soon promoted Colonel of his regiment, but later was detailed to return to Augusta and manufacture sup plies for the Confederate government. He was thus engaged until the close of the war. He passed to his reward on July 21, 1887, having been one of the prominent business men and honored citi-

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zens of Augusta. Mrs. Elizabeth Platt, mother of him whose name initiates this article, died when he was about three years of age. Mr. Platt completed a course of study in Richmond academy, one of the old and popular educational institutions of Augusta, and then passed three years 1870-73 in Europe, continuing his studies in Stuttgart, Germany. He then returned home and was associated in the business of his father, as an employe, until 1887, when he purchased the business, as already noted. Mr. Platt was the prac tical framer of the present Georgia state law regulating the system of embalming, having drafted the bill in 1899. In that year he was appointed, by Gov. Alien D. Candler, a member of the Georgia state board of embalmers, was elected first president of the newly established board and served as such for five years. He was reappointed a member of the board by Governor Terrell, and is still serving on the same. He is an ex-president of the National asso ciation of embalmers; was the organizer of the Georgia funeral directors association, on Aug. 15, 1887; was elected the first presi dent of the organization and served in that capacity fof several years. Mr. Platt is a loyal supporter of; the cause of the Demo cratic party, with which he has been identified from the time of at taining his legal majority; is a member of the city council of Augus ta at the time of this writing; and for five years was chief of the old volunteer fire department, now superceded by an efficient paid department. He and his wife are communicants of the Church of the Atonement, Protestant Episcopal, in which he is a member of the vestry. He is affiliated with the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks, the Knights of Pythias, the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, the Improved Order of Red Men, and the Beavers. On Sept. 35,1887, was solemnized the marriage of Mr. Platt to Miss Esther Davids, of New York city. She is the daughter of the late Thaddeus Davids, who was well known in his day as one of the leading manufacturers of writing ink in the Union.

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OLIVER S. PORTER
Oliver S. Porter is to be considered as the virtual founder of the village of Porterdale, where he has been engaged in the maunfacturing of cotton goods about forty years, being one of the best known and most honored citizens of Newton county and a member of old and distinguished families of this commonwealth. He was born near Penfield, Greene county, Ga., June 18, 1836, a son of James M. Porter, who was born on the same family home stead, and of Alfiah J. (Cox) Porter, who was born in Morgan county, Ga. The paternal great-grandparents of the subject of this review were John and Mary (Anthony) Porter, who came to America from Belfast, Ireland, in 1745, and settled in Prince Ed ward county, Va. At the inception of the war of the Revolution four of their sons became valiant soldiers in the Continental line, in which they served until the cause of independence was crowned with triumph. The youngest of the four sons mentioned was Oliver Porter, grandfather of him whose name initiates this article, all four having been present at the surrender of Cornwallis at. Yorktown. Oliver Porter chose as his wife Margaret Watson and immediately after the close of the revolution removed with his family to Georgia, being among the first settlers of Greene county, where he became seized of a large tract of land the plan tation on which his son, James M., and his grandson, Oliver S., were born. James Hyde, maternal grandfather of Mr. Porter, was likewise a patriot soldier in the war of the Revolution and died from the effects of wounds received while in the service. The Hydes and Coxes, of the family line on the maternal side, were from Surrey county, England, whence the original American pro genitors came in 1725 and took up residence in Dinwiddie county, Va. In 1790 representatives removed from the Old Dominion state to Wilkes county, Ga. After due preparatory discipline Oliver S. Porter entered Mercer university, which was then located at Pen-

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field, Greene county, where he continued his studies for some time. Thereafter he was successfully engaged in teaching for two years, and two years in civil engineering, at the expiration of which time he laid aside all other personal consideration to go forth in defense of the Confederate cause. In July, 1861, he enlisted as a private in the Panola Guards, which became Company G of Cobbs Geor gia Legion of infantry. With his command he took part in many important engagements, including the battles of Malvern Hill, South Mountain, Sharpsburg, Fredericksburg, the Wilderness, Salem Church, Gettysburg, Knoxville, second Wilderness, Spottsylvania Court House and Cold Harbor. He was wounded in the conflict at Knoxville and in an engagement in the Poge valley, Va. In August, 1864, he was captured and was thereafter held as a prisoner of war, at Fort Delaware, until the close of the war, re ceiving his parole in July, 1865. In January, 1863, he was promoted to the office of adjutant, in which he served until his capture. After the war Mr. Porter was engaged in teaching for three years at Covington, Ga., and then located at Porterdale, where he has since been actively identified with the handling and manufacturing of cotton, having built up a large and important enterprise in con nection with this great staple product and gained the highest rep utation as a reliable business man and loyal and public-spirited citizen. Mr. Porter is a member of the American society of me chanical engineers and the National geographical society, and is also affiliated with the Masonic fraternity, the Royal Arcanum and the Knights of Pythias. He gives an uncompromising allegiance to the Democratic party and has been influential in its local coun cils, though never a seeker of office. He was a member of the state constitutional convention of 1877 and a member of the board of commissioners which had charge of the organization of the Geor gia school of technology, of whose board of trustees he is now a member. Mr. Porter married Mrs. Julia A. (McCracken) Camp, daughter of William D. and Olivia (Hayden) McCracken, of Cov ington, Ga., and of their four children three are living, namely: John A., James H., and Oliver W. May E. died in childhood.

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JOSEPH W. PRESTON, SR.
Joseph W. Preston, Sr., of Macon, who has been engaged in the practice of law for nearly two score of years, is an ex-member of the state senate and a veteran of the Confederate service in the Civil war. He was born in Jasper county, Ga., Dec. 19, 1839, a son of William H. and Martha Preston, the former of whom was born in Brunswick county, Va., Jan. 23, 1802, and the latter in Jas per county, Ga., in 1812. Thomas Preston, grandfather of Joseph W., was a soldier in the war of the Revolution, having served in a cavalry company of young men which constituted a body guard of General Washington and was present at Yorktown at the time of the surrender of Cornwallis. After the war he removed to Georgia and settled in what is now Jasper county. The ancestry on the paternal line is traced to William Preston, who was a mem ber of the English house of lords in the sixteenth century. He was the owner of Beeston Manor, St. Lawrence, County Suffolk. Jacob, his fourth son, died in 1730, having been knighted by King Will iam III, in 1695, and having resided at Preston, England. Thomas, one of the four sons, is the ancestor of the subject of this sketch. John Preston, another descendant of this house, came to Augusta county, Va., in 1735. He had several sons, of whom were Will iam, Thomas L. and John, and six daughters: Elizabeth married General Carrington, of Halifax county, Va.; Susan married James McDowell, governor of Virginia, 1842-5, and member of Congress thereafter until his death, in 1851; Saphoriaba became the wife of Rev. Robert Jefferson Breckenridge, of Kentucky; Sarah became the wife of Gen. John B. Floyd, of Virginia, prominent in the Con federacy during the Civil war; Maria married her cousin, John H. Preston. Gen. John S. Preston, who commanded a division of the Confederate army, was a member of the faculty of the University of Virginia; William C. represented South Carolina in Congress and was afterward president of South Carolina college; Margaret

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married Gen. Wade Hampton, of South Carolina. Burkes Peer age gives full data regarding the family genealogy, three branches being represented in America and all having coats of arms with mottos, one being "Sui Ipsius Preastem." In the material line Mr. Prestons grandfather was William McDowell, who removed from what is now Rockbridge county, Va., to Georgia early in the nine teenth century and settled in Jasper county. His wife was a McDade and both were of Scotch descent. Many representatives of the respective families settled in Virginia prior to the Revolution ary war and figured extensively in public affairs, both in war and peace. William McDowell became a large planter in Jasper county, owning many slaves and having a large landed estate on Murder and Shoal creeks land on which he settled when it was a magnifi cent primeval forest. He reared a large family of children, of whom the youngest was Martha, mother of the subject of this re view. Two of the sons, Charles and Henry, represented their re spective counties of Pike and Spaulding in the state legislature, in the 30s. Charles was regarded as one of the ablest men of his day. Another son, Daniel, was likewise a wealthy planter in Jas per county. Martha McDowell became the wife of William H. Preston in the year 1828, and of this union nine children were born, Joseph W. being the seventh in order of nativity. His brother, William J. M. Preston, is now living at Newborn, Georgia. Joseph W. Preston entered the junior class in Mercer university in 1860, and on June 5, 1861, he withdrew from the institution, before grad uation, to go forth as a soldier in defense of the Confederate cause. On the 7th of that month he enlisted as a private in Company C, Eleventh Georgia regiment, which afterwards became the Four teenth Georgia volunteer infantry, in the Confederate service, and with this command he at once started for Virginia. He participated in the battle of Seven Pines, the Seven Days fight around Rich mond, the engagements at Mine Run, Cedar Mountain, Gettys burg, Williamsport and the Wilderness, being under fire almost daily from the third day of May to the fifth day of June, 1862. He fought in all the engagements in which his command took part around Petersburg, Va.; was captured on Sunday, April 2, 1865,

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in a hand-to-hand battle in front of Battery Grigg, and taken to Fort Delaware, where he was held until June 17th, when he was paroled. In the battle of Seven Pines he was wounded in the neck by a minie ball, but was not long incapacitated for duty. In No vember, 1864, Mr. Preston was appointed adjutant of the Four teenth Georgia regiment, at the request of his colonel, R. Paul Lester, and he served as such until the time of his capture, though he was vigorously fighting with a gun when taken prisoner. After the close of the war Mr. Preston took up the study of law, and was admitted to the bar, under Judge Augustus Reese, at Monticello, Ga., at the October term of court in 1867. He began the practice of his profession in Monticello in March, 1868, and there contin ued in active practice as an attorney and counselor for eighteen years, being associated with Maj. John C. Key, under the firm name of Key & Preston. In 1873 he was appointed, by Gov. James M. Smith, to the office of solicitor-general of the Ocmulgee circuit, and was reappointed in 1876, by Gov. Alfred H. Colquitt. In 1878-9 he represented the twenty-eighth district, comprising the counties of Morgan, Putnam and Jasper, in the state senate, but declined to become a candidate for reelection. He was chairman of the joint committee of thirteen, appointed at the request of Gov ernor Colquitt, to investigate his conduct and motives in signing what was known as the Northeastern railroad bonds an investi gation which created great excitement at the time. He was also chairman of the first committee appointed to confer with the mayor and council of Atlanta in reference to the selection and acceptance by the state of the grounds on which the new capitol was to be located, and which the city had publicly tendered to the state in the event of the removal of the capital from Milledgeville to At lanta. He was the author of the first act afterward passed by compromise and substitute providing for the classification of convicts, and was an active member of the judiciary committee. Mr. Preston has ever been an uncompromising Democrat of the Jeffersonian school, and he was a member of the national Demo cratic convention of 1876, in St. Louis, which nominated Samuel J. Tilden for the presidency. In 1887 he was appointed, by President

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Cleveland, to the office of land, reservation and school agent in California. He resigned this position upon the election of Presi dent Harrison, returned to Georgia and located in Macon, where he has been engaged in the practice of his profession since March, 1890. He is a member of the Missionary Baptist church, the Ma sonic fraternity and the United Confederate Veterans. On Oct. 3, 1865, Mr. Preston wedded Miss Victoria V. Leverett, of Shady Dale, Ga. She died five months later, and on May 20, 1869, he married Miss Carrie Natalie Green, of Columbia, S. C., who died on May 22, 1886, the mother of five sons, two of whom died in in fancy. William H. was accidentally killed by his brother, Dec. 18, 1886, at the age of sixteen years; Joseph W., Jr., and Charles McDowell are the surviving sons, the former being a resident of Alexander City, Ala., where he is manager of the Dutch Bend Mining Company, and the latter is general manager of the Macon Stone & Tiling Company, of Macon. In 1892 Mr. Preston was united in marriage to Mrs. Katie (Shorter) Brown, daughter of Col. Reuben Shorter, of Columbus. No children have been born of this union.

FRANCIS F. PUTNEY
To not recognize at once the name of this sterling and influen tial citizen is to argue yourself unknown in Dougherty and ad joining counties, where his magnificent plantation interests are located, and where the postoffice of Putney was named in his honor. He is one of the most extensive planters and land owners in his section of the state and is a man who commands the re spect and confidence of all who know him. Mr. Putney is a scion of old colonial stock in New England, of which section he himself is native, having been born at Fitzwilliam, Cheshire county, N. H., Aug. 11, 1837, a son of John K. and Phoebe (Flagg) Putney, the former born in Fitzwilliam in 1802, and the

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latter in Littleton, Middlesex county, Mass., in 1808. Both passed their entire lives in New England, where the father followed agri cultural pursuits during the greater portion of his active career. The subject of this sketch was afforded the advantages of the common schools and the New London academy at New London, N. H., where he gained a good practical education. His business experiences were varied up to the time of the outbreak of the Civil war and in April, 1862, true to the principles and institutions under whose influence he had been reared, he tendered his services in defense of the Union, enlisting as a private in Company F, First Oregon cavalry, with which he continued in active service until the close of the war, having been promoted sergeant of his com pany. He received his honorable discharge in April, 1865. Con cerning his career in Georgia no better epitome can, perhaps, be given than that which appears in an attractive brochure recently published for the purpose of exploiting the attractions and advan tages of Dougherty county: "Dougherty county is the center of the richest agricultural belt of the south, and her farms, naturally, are the principal source of her wealth. The logic of facts is potent wher ever applied. In line with this idea the achievement of one Dough erty county farmer is valuable as an agricultural object lesson, and is here set forth as an example of what may be accomplished in a region where natural conditions leave nothing to be desired and where the soil returns rich dividends on the investment of indus try. Mr. F. F. Putney came to Dougherty county in 1865. He was then a man of modest means, abundant energy and far reaching ambition. Moreover, he believed in the south. He saw, through the lifting clouds born of our great civil conflict, the unlimited pos sibilities of this section, and boldly cast in his fortune, with what then appeared to him, as it appears to-day, to be the fairest and richest region of the whole southland. While to-day Mr. Putneys business interests are varied, his prosperity having drawn him into many more or less important enterprises, he is still a farmer. Farming was the beginning of his success. It has been the sub ject of his best thought and closest attention from then till now, and as a farmer he still purposes to live and labor. Mr. Putneys
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home is eight miles south of Albany. The Savannah, Florida & Western division of the Atlantic Coast Line runs through his lands, and the road has a station within about two hundred yards of his dwelling. The station is known as Hardaway, but the postoffice is Putney. Quite a busy little village has grown up around the station, but everything in the settlement is associated with the Putney interests. There is a big two-story brick store filled with merchandise, but most of its customers are renters, croppers or employes on the Putney farms. There is a big gin and grist mill near the store, but it gins cotton and mills grain grown principally on the Putney lands. A cotton warehouse contains none but Put ney cotton 2,500 bales after a seasons crop is all in. Huge barns and storehouses are overflowing with fruits of the Putney fields; neat cottages are occupied by Putney overseers, clerks and ac countants ; a well equipped saw mill turns out lumber from logs cut in the Putney forests; and the cattle seen in the pastures have the letter P branded on their flanks. The little town is a busy place, but it is all the outgrowth of Mr. Putneys successful farming oper ations. The farms alone serve to keep the village busy. Mr. Put ney owns, either exclusively or in part, 27,000 acres of land. This immense tract extends in every direction from Hardaway. It em braces splendid pastures, many heavily timbered lots and some of the finest farming land that the sun shines on. It extends into Mitchell and Worth counties on the south and east and constitutes an estate which a prince might envy. Mr. Putneys fortune is ample, but in superintending the planting and harvesting of his abundant crops he finds relaxation and unfailing pleasure, consider ations than which none appear more tempting. His annual cot-, ton crop ranges from 3,000 to 2,500 bales, worth from $125,000 to $175,000. Other crops-^-corn, oats, peas, rye, sweet and Irish potatoes, sugar cane, hay, ground peas, etc. are of proportionate size." Mr. Putney is a Republican in his political adherency, and in 1870-72 he represented Dougherty county in the state legislature. He is loyal and public-spirited and has unbounded faith in the ever increasing prosperity of his county and state. He is affiliated with the lodge of the Free and Accepted Masons in Albany. On Oct. 18,

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1866, Mr. Putney was united in marriage to Miss Harriet Whitford, daughter of Hiram and Bethiah Whitford, of Woburn, Mass., and she died in September, 1867, her only child having died soon after birth. On July 20, 1897, Mr. Putney married Mrs. Ella Whitford, daughter of Mrs. Abbie Dimick, and they have no children. Mrs. Putney is a member of the Congregational church.

CHARLES WILSON RAWSON
Charles Wilson Rawson, of Albany, is one of the representative business men and popular citizens of Dougherty county, where he has made his home from the time of his birth, and is at the present time mayor of his city. He was born Dec. 5, 1866, and is a son of Charles Wilson Rawson, Sr., and Annie Elizabeth Rawson. He has two sisters, Mrs. Annie Tarver and Mrs. Alice Denison, both of whom are likewise residents of Albany. Mr. Rawson is a grand son of the late Col. Nelson Tift, who was the founder of the city of Albany, and in whose honor Tift county, organized in 1905, was named. He was the first Democratic Congressman from the first district of Georgia after the close of the Civil war. The sub ject of this sketch secured his early educational training in the schools of his native town, and from 1885 to 1887, inclusive, was pri vate secretary to his grandfather, Colonel Tift. In 1888 he engaged in the mercantile business in Albany and has since continued active ly identified with the industrial and commercial affairs of this thriv ing municipality, being now half-owner and also manager of the grocery business conducted by the firm of Mock & Rawson; presi dent of the Albany Machinery Company; president of the retail grocers association of Albany, and is recognized as a progressive and reliable business man and public-spirited citizen. In politics Mr. Rawson has most strenuously held to the principles advocated by the Democratic party; was a member of the city council of Al bany in 1903-4, but was not a candidate for reflection in 1905. A

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still more distinctive mark of popular esteem was to be accorded him, however, for in that year he was elected mayor of the city, without opposition, for the two years term beginning Jan. 1, 1906. He is also chairman of the water and electric-light commission and chairman of the city board of education. In a fraternal way he is identified with the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks and the Knights of Pythias. Both he and his wife are communicants of the Protestant Episcopal church and he is at the present time junior warden of the vestry of St. Pauls parish, as well as chair man of the finance committee. On Nov. 8, 1888, Mr. Rawson was united in marriage to Miss Mary E. Cheatham, daughter of Col. O. F. and Mattie (Gardner) Cheatham, of Edgefield, S. C., and of this union were born two children Charles Wilson, who died at the age of three and one-half years, and Lucy Fitz Alien, who died at the age of two and one-half years.

REV. JOHN WALDHAUER REMSHART
Rev. John Waldhauer Remshart was a representative of two of the earliest pioneer families of Georgia, and he labored faithfully for a score of years as a clergyman of the Methodist Episcopal church, his life being one of signal consecration and nobility. He died July 3, 1878, at Tebeauville, now Waycross, Ga. He was born in the city of Savannah, Ga., Jan. 7, 1801, a son of Daniel and Elizabeth (Waldhauer) Remshart, both of whom were likewise native of Savannah, where the former was born Oct. 20, 1767, and the latter June 20, 1773. John Remshart, father of Daniel, and Jacob Casper Waldhauer, father of Elizabeth (Waldhauer) Remshart, were members of German families who came to Georgia with Oglethorpe, at the time of his second voyage to his newly founded colony. The parents of these two sterling pioneers were German Lutherans and joined the Salzberger colony, at Ebenezer in February, 1736. Both John Remshart and Jacob C. Wald-

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hauer were educated under the tutorship of John Martin Bolzius, the finest scholar of his time in Georgia. Both were official mem bers of the church. Jacob Casper Waldhauer was a member of
the Provincial Congress, at Savannah, in July, 1775, and was a soldier of the Continental forces during the war of the Revo lution, being mentioned in General Elberts official orders as Capt. Jacob Waldhauer. John Remsharts name appears in various historical collections as among those citizens of Georgia who protested against the action of the colonies in taking up arms against the British crown, their animus being the result of the fact that England had afforded them freedom to worship God according to their own convictions and ideas, and this prompted a spirit of loyalty. After the conflict and bloodshed in North Carolina, however, Mr. Remshart warmly espoused the cause of the colonists. Rev. John W. Remshart was in active service as a minister of the Methodist Episcopal church for a score of years, his retirement resulting from the loss of his voice, which rendered it impossible for him to continue public speaking as a vocation. He served seven years as a missionary among the negroes of Georgia, being the only member of the Georgia conference who understood the dialect of the negroes near the sea-coast, and hav ing therefore volunteered to carry the gospel to this class. It was through his continued speaking in the open air while engaged in this work that his vocal functions became so seriously impaired. He was originally a Whig in politics and later a stanch Democrat, being loyal to the Confederacy in the Civil war. On Nov. 11, 1832, Rev. John W. Remshart was united in marriage to Miss Jane Bryan, daughter of James and Elizabeth (Langley) Bryan, of Savannah, and she died in 1881. Concerning the children of this union the following is a brief record: Ann Elizabeth became the wife of John May; Amanda Jane married Saul S. Box and after his death became the wife of Elliott C. Johnson; Pamelia Nowlan became the wife of Edward O. Withington; Mary Ewen married William F. Parker; Margaret Eliza died at the age of twenty years, and Daniel at the age of eighteen. William Capers was a soldier in the Confederate army during the war between the states, and

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died on March 3, 1878; and Isabella Cornelia is the wife of Dr. Joseph H. Redding, who is individually mentioned under the proper alphabetical heading in this compilation.

JOHN BENJAMIN ROBERTS, M. D.
John Benjamin Roberts, M. D., a leading representative of the medical profession in the city of Atlanta, and a veteran of the Confederate service in the Civil war, was born in Washington county, Ga., Nov. 12, 1840, a son of William B. and Martha R. (Strange) Roberts, both of whom were born and reared in Geor gia, where the respective families were early founded. Doctor Roberts was reared to maturity in his native county, where he had good educational advantages. When the Civil war was precipitated he was one of the first to tender his services in defense of the cause of the Confederacy. In 1861 he enlisted in the First Georgia volunteer infantry, later became a member of the Forty-ninth regiment and served with gallantry and: distinction, in General Thomas brigade, in the Army of Northern Virginia, until the close of the war. He took part in all the battles in which his command was involved, rising to the rank of lieutenant, and his name stands high on the roll of the brave and loyal young men of Georgia who fought so faithfully for the righteous cause which they had thus espoused. Time and again he penetrated to the very heart of the enemys camp, safely making his escape and returning with information of the greatest value. He took prisoners from the Union lines and, at great personal risk, triumphantly brought them into the camp of his own command. He seized videttes at their posts and marched them into the Confederate lines. His courage was not the result of impulse or foolhardy daring, but was of that cool, deliberate character which betokens the ideal soldier. He was wounded in the battle of Chancellorsville and also at Gettysburg. For distinguished gallantry at Petersburg he was

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promoted to the rank of captain, this action being taken by the secretary of war on the recommendation of the commanding .gen eral. The doctor manifests his abiding interest in his old com rades by retaining membership in the United Confederate Vet erans. After the close of the war he turned his attention to the vocations of peace, in which he has shown the same loyalty and fidelity which characterized his military career. He took up the study of medicine, first at Augusta, Ga., and finally entered the Medical College of the State of South Carolina, at Charleston, in which he was graduated in 1867, with the degree of Doctor of Med icine. He remained in practice in Charleston one year in the Roper Hospital and then returned to his native county, where he was most successfully engaged in the work of his profession for a quarter of a century. In 1895 he removed to Atlanta, where he has risen to marked prominence and success as an able physician and surgeon. He passed one year in European travel and within this period visited the leading hospitals and medical colleges of the continent, gaining much valuable information. He is one of the city physicians of Atlanta; is a member of the.Atlanta medical so ciety, the Georgia state medical association and the American medical association. His religious faith is indicated in his holding membership in the Baptist church, and he is prominent in the Masonic fraternity. In November, 1868, Doctor Roberts was united in marriage to Miss Ernestine Artman, of Charleston, who died in 1882 and who is survived by four of her five children, concerning whom the following brief record is entered: Mary E. married L. H. Holt, became the mother of two children and died in January, 1896; Carrie remains at the paternal home; Myrtle is the wife of W. J. Gilbert, of Dudley, Laurens county, Ga., and they have three children; Brady A. is identified with the water-works department of the city of Atlanta; and Venice married Thomas J. Gilbert, of Dudly, Ga. On April 26, 1885, Doctor Roberts married Miss Thena C. Roberts, of Atlanta, and they became the parents of five chil dren, all of whom are living except Lucinda, who died July 10, 1898, at the age of eleven years. The younger children, Marion G., John P., Hinda Mary, and Rainy Lindsey, are all attending school.

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WILLIAM ROGERS
William Rogers is one of the venerable and honored citizens and prominent business men of Savannah, where he has long served as chairman of the board of directors of The Citizens bank of Savannah, of which he was formerly president. He was born in Fifeshire, Scotland, Nov. 1, 1817, a son of John and Elizabeth Rogers, who passed their entire lives in Scotland. William Rogers was reared and educated in his native land, where he remained until 1838, when at the age of twenty years, he set forth to seek his fortunes in America. He landed in Charleston, S. C, where he remained a short time, coming to Savannah in October, 1838, and has ever since maintained his home in that city. His first occupa tion was that of clerk in the office of R. & W. King, cotton factors, the firm at that time handling most of the sea-island cotton that found its way into the Savannah market. Mr. Rogers remained with this concern about three years, after which he passed several years as a bank clerk. From 1866 to 1887 he was identified with the Central Railroad and Banking Company of Georgia, having been bookkeeper in the Savannah general office for three years and thereafter served as general superintendent for eighteen years, retiring in 1887, since which time he has given his attention largely to his banking interests. During the Civil war he served about three years as a member of the Georgia reserves, in the Confed erate service, being promoted from private to lieutenant. He is a valued member of the St. Andrews society of Savannah, of which he has been president many times, and is also affiliated with the Masonic fraternity. Though he is approaching the patriarchal age of ninety years, Mr. Rogers is well preserved mentally and phy sically and enjoys the golden evening of his day to the fullest ex tent. He was first married to Miss Annie C. Beck, who was born in South Carolina, and of this union one son was born, John H., who was a student in the Georgia military institute at Marietta at

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the time of the inception of the Civil war. His youthful loyalty was roused to responsive protest and he secured his fathers con sent to enter the service of the Confederacy, being about seventeen years of age at the time. He was elected lieutenant of his company in the Sixty-sixth Georgia infantry, with which he took part in a number of important battles, having been in service about eighteen months at the time of his death, which occurred on the battle-field before Atlanta, July 22, 1864. Mrs. Annie C. Rogers died in the year 1852 and in 1854 Mr. Rogers married Miss Mary E. Millen, of Savannah. They became the parents of four children: William White grew to manhood and was cashier of the Merchants Na tional bank of Savannah at the time of his death; McPherson Millen, the second son, died at the age of forty-six years, having been for many years connected with the New York agency of the Central Railroad and Banking Company of Georgia; Wallace Mil len died at the age of three years, and Eliza Millen died in infancy. Mrs. Rogers is still living.

JOHN NOLAN ROSS
John Nolan Ross is serving his second term as ordinary of Jack son county and is one of the honored and influential citizens of the attractive city of Jefferson. He was born in the county which is now his home, Nov. 7, 1855, and Jackson county also figures as the native place of his parents, Thomas L. and Eleanor C. Ross, the former born Dec. 6, 1825, and the latter March 3, 1835. The paternal grandfather served in the Indian war in Georgia. Eleanor C. Ross was a granddaughter of one of the celebrated Camp sisters of Jackson county, the three sisters having been dis tinguished in that they became the mothers of a total of sixty children, an average of twenty children for each. Thomas L. Ross went forth in defense of the Confederacy at the outbreak of the Civil war, enlisting, in July, 1861, as a member of Com-

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pany G, Sixteenth Georgia volunteer infantry. He was made first lieutenant of his company and later rose to the rank of captain. He took part in the battles of Seven Pines, South Mountain, the Wilderness, Gettysburg, Fredericksburg, Knoxville, and Cold Har bor, being finally captured by the enemy and held a prisoner of war, at Fort Delaware, until after the surrender of General Lee, and was discharged from the prison about May 1, 1865. He served as ordinary of Jackson county from January, 1868, until January, 1872, and is still a resident of the county. His wife died near Jef ferson, May 31, 1904. John N. Ross was educated in Martin insti tute at Jefferson, and Peabody normal college, Nashville, Tenn. After leaving school he was a successful and popular teacher, con tinuing his pedagogic labors about six years, after which he was editor of the Jackson Herald for three years. Thereafter he was engaged in agricultural pursuits until his election to the office of ordinary, in which he is now serving his second term. He was mayor of Jefferson two terms, and also held the office of justice of the peace for a number of years. He is one of the stalwart sup porters of the Democratic party,, and in 1898 was chairman of the Democratic county committee. It was during the campaign of that year, under his direction, that the Populists who had been in office for four years were defeated. This was one of the most ex citing campaigns the people of the county have ever witnessed. Mr. and Mrs. Ross are members of the Methodist Episcopal church South, in Jefferson; he is affiliated with Unity Lodge, No. 36, Free and Accepted Masons, is also a Royal Arch Mason, and is a mem ber of Jefferson Lodge, No. 200, Independent Order of Odd Fel lows. On Sept. 30, 1883, Mr. Ross married Miss Lucy Whitehead, daughter of John C. and Sophia (Wills) Whitehead, of Jackson county, and the only child of this union Thomas died in infancy.

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JOSEPH RUCKER
Many of the most familiar names in middle Georgia may be traced back to Virginia and to that tide which began to flow southward from the Old Dominion about 1786. Reacting from the illiberal land laws which had characterized her as a colony, Georgia, after the Revolution, threw open her public do main to settlers and invited those from other states to make their homes within her borders. As early as 1784 the general assembly passed the act by which 200,000 acres in Wilkes county were set apart to be settled by Virginians. Among the first to take advan tage of these land laws was John Rucker (III), of Orange county, Va. He was a son of John Rucker (!!)> who died in 1794, and grandson of John Rucker (I), of St. Marks parish, Va., who died in 1742. John Rucker (III) settled near Broad river, in what was then Wilkes county, about 1787. His son Joseph was there born in 1789, and there died, at Ruckersville, Elbert county, in 1864. From the standpoint of the present, there was little in the locality at that time to commend it as a center of influence or as the seat of a great estate. The land was young, roads were bad, markets there were none, and it was a four days journey to Augusta, the nearest approach to a city. And yet in that secluded locality, remote from marts and markets, Joseph Rucker not only created a fortune great for his day and generation, but also displayed such wisdom and executive ability and manifested such high traits of character as to mark him as an extraordinary man. In this day of the subdivision of labor it is difficult to appreciate the kind and variety of talent then required in the development and successful management of great landed estates at points distant from centers of trade and, according to present standards, practically inaccessible, for want of highways, railroads and means of transportation. The success ful agriculturist in every stage of the countrys history has needed the highest order of judgment and forethought and has necessarily

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been a man of affairs. But the successful planter at the end of the eighteenth and beginning of the nineteenth century required a combination of talents which would now thoroughly equip the master minds that control the colossal enterprises of the twentieth century. For such a planter had not only to be an agriculturist, but also a manufacturer, a financier and, above all, he had to know how to -manage, care for and develop men. In all these depart ments Joseph Rucker was conspicuous. The cotton industry was in its infancy, and in that he made a marvelous success: But that was only a part of what was needed to be done, and on his exten sive plantations there were conducted those hives of industry of such varied and diverse sorts as were to be found in the South before the Civil war. Stock of all kinds horses, mules, cattle and sheep were raised. The cotton was to be ginned, and the ginnery and the press were supplemented by the spinning of the yarn and the wool and the weaving of cloth for many bodies that had to be clothed. There were blacksmiths and wheelwrights, and also car penters, to build saw mills in which to manufacture lumber for the "quarters." The planter had his own tan-yards and tanners, his harnessmakers and shoemakers. Immense crops of wheat and corn were raised. Corn cribs and granaries abounded. There were the mills to do the grinding and millers to make food for the hungry. The management of these separate and varied industries was not the most difficult task involved. There were the slaves themselves, a large and heterogeneous body, a wholly irresponsible people whose ancestors had but recently come from Africa. These had to be trained and taught, and how humanely and well this was done by the planter of the old regime is shown by the conduct of these same slaves when, during the war, discipline was neces sarily relaxed and control partially suspended. Joseph Rucker lived the typical life of the southern planter. Self-centered and inde pendent, he lived at home. He had little to buy and always some thing to sell, and the great crops of cotton were shipped in Peters burg boats down the Savannah river to Augusta. The community was unusually prosperous. The Harper, Heard, White, Maddox, Clark, Adams and a host of other families made a neighborhood

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that was ideal for home and society. A large family came to Joseph Rucker and his wife, Margaret Speer, and his house was the scene of a, wide, gracious and generous hospitality a social center which not only made its impress upon its inmates, but also left a memory which abides to the third and fourth generations. Joseph Rucker was preeminently a good neighbor, counselor and friend. He was grave, reticent, extremely dignified in his demeanor and intensely pious. In politics a Whig, he was one of the chosen friends and advisers of the leaders of the party in that district so noted in state and national politics. However, he never sought political preferment, though always taking an active interest in the questions which then agitated the South. He lived at a time when the country was experimenting with the banking laws, and he organized and, as president, managed with phenomenal success the Bank of Ruckersville, under circumstances that would now provoke a smile. We can not think of a bank, a moneyed institu tion, with hardly a human habitation in sight and surrounded by original forests. This institution was conducted in a small, unpre tentious frame building. Its doors and shutters were studded with nails at close and regular intervals, to guard against the burglars ax. It had a safe without time-lock, opened with a key. The furni ture was of the plainest, but the bank issued bills which passed current at par throughout the state. It thrived and prospered and, with the assistance of the wealthy planters in the neighborhood, became a strong financial institution, contributing to the develop ment and prosperity of that part of the country. In his old age Joseph Rucker was a man of striking appearance ruddy cheeks, snow-white hair, clear blue eyes. Dressed in the prevailing style, black broadcloth coat, cut away to the waist line at the front, beaver hat, turndown collar and stock and with gold watch fob, he might be taken as a type of the ante-bellum planter one of those who made the "Old South."

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JOHN R. SCHNEIDER
John R. Schneider, a successful wholesale and retail merchant of Augusta, was born in Bremerhaven, near the city of Bremen, Germany, July 14, 1841, and was reared and educated in the city of Bremen, duly availing himself of the advantages of the excellent schools of that famous old city. At the age of seventeen years he came to America, landing in Charleston, S. C., in April, 1858, and thence came forthwith to Augusta, where he has since continued to reside and has risen to prominence as a successful business man and loyal citizen. His uncle, Ernest R. Schneider, came to the United States in 1841 and became one of the representative business men of Augusta, having been the founder of the large wholesale and retail liquor business now owned and conducted by the subject of this sketch, -with headquarters at 601-603 Broad street a location which has long been known as Schneiders corner. John R. Schneider has been the sole owner of the fine property and extensive business since his uncles death, which occurred July 1, 1893. His uncle, who was a native of Bremen, remained a bachelor until his death, and John R. became his heir. Mr. Schneider is a direct importer of the finest of wines and liquors and his jobbing trade is one of the best of the sort in this section of the state. He is a stanch supporter of the principles and policies of the Democratic party and is a member of the board of trustees of the Augusta free schools. His religious faith is that of the Lutheran church, under whose influences he was reared. He is a man of sterling character, generous and fairminded, progressive and public-spirited, and ever ready to lend his influence and tangible aid in the support of measures and enter prises advanced for the general good of his adopted city and state. His business methods have been direct, unequivocal and honor able and he commands the respect and confidence of his fellow citi zens. On Jan. 10, 1865, Mr. Schneider was united in marriage to Miss Augusta Erdman, who died in July, 1902, leaving no chil-

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dren. In May, 1903, he was married to Miss Anna Kohler, a na tive of Hanover, Germany, who presides graciously over their attractive home.

JOHN SCHWARZ
John Schwarz, the present able and honored sheriff of Chatham county and ex-mayor of the city of Savannah, has long been identi fied with the business and civic interests of that historic old city and from the same went forth to serve his adopted country as a soldier of the Confederacy in the Civil war, now being a retired lieutenant-colonel of the National Guard of Georgia. He was born in the city of Zweibrucken, Rhenish Bavaria, Germany, Sept. 23, 1840, a son of John and Margaret (Braun) Schwarz, both of whom were likewise native of that province, where the father was engaged in the general merchandise business until 1855, when he came with his family to America. They first located in the city of New York, where the father was identified with the same line of enterprise until 1885, when he retired from active business and came to Savannah, Ga., where he passed the remainder of his life, his wife having died in New York city. They became the parents of four sons and one daughter: Charles, was a successful mer chant in Savannah and is now deceased; Einil A. is engaged in the furniture business in that city; Nicholas, now deceased, was a manu facturer of jewelry boxes in New York city; Lena is the wife of August Scheonaur, of New York city; and the subject of this sketch was the fourth in order of birth. Major Schwarz re ceived his educational training in the excellent schools of his native land, where he also served a thorough apprenticeship at the bakers trade. He was sixteen years old at the time his par ents immigrated to the United States. Upon arriving in New York he was for a time employed at his trade and finally shipped as cook on a line of vessels plying between New York and Savan-

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nah. He followed this line of work about six months, then located in Savannah, where he followed his trade as a journeyman until January, 1860, when he opened a modest bakery of his own and conducted it until the outbreak of the Civil war, when he put aside all personal ambitions to go out in defense of the cause of the Confederacy. In 1859 he had become a member of the German Volunteers, a local military organization, and on Jan. 24, 1861,. this company became a part of the First Georgia infantry, taking quarters in Fort Pulaski and serving through the remainder of the year on general duty along the coast. Major Schwarz then with drew from this regiment and became a member of Captain Philfips company in the Thirty-second Georgia infantry. Early in 1863 he was detailed to take charge of the Confederate bakery in Savannah under command of Major Robertson. Here he re mained until Shermans army entered the city, when he was cap tured and held as a prisoner until Jan. 8, 1865, when he was re leased on parole, the war closing before his exchange could be effected. After the reorganization of the state militia the German Volunteers again effected an organization, as a part of the National Guard of Georgia, he became second lieutenant and thereafter was successively promoted first lieutenant, captain and major in the First Georgia infantry, serving thirteen years as major, being then placed on the retired list, with the rank of lieutenant-colonel. He served four years on the staff of Governor Atkinson, and for an equal period on the staff of Governor Candler, being well known in the military circles of the state and enjoying marked popularity therein, as does he also in the other relations of life. After the war Major Schwarz again established himself in the bakery busi ness in Savannah, beginning operations on a small scale and bring ing to bear that technical knowledge, concentration of purpose and indefatigable energy which enabled him to build up the most ex tensive enterprise of the sort in the city, his finely equipped plant being maintained at the highest modern standard and the trade controlled being large and representative. He continued to re main actively identified with the business until 1900, when he turned it over to his elder son, Frederick, who now has charge.

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In politics Major Schwarz gives an uncompromising support to the Democratic party, in whose cause he has rendered efficient service. In 1869 he was elected a member of the board of alder men of Savannah, and his membership in this body was continued by consecutive reflections, for twenty years, retiring in 1889, when he was accorded still farther distinction by his appreciative fellow citizens, being then elected mayor of the city, in which office he served one term, giving a most able and satisfactory administra tion, as his long identification with the municipal government rendered him a specially eligible candidate for the mayoralty. He was a member of important committees in the aldermanic body and his interest in all that concerns the welfare and progress of his home city has been of the most insistent type. In 1900 he was elected sheriff of Chatham county and has since remained in tenure of this office, where he is again able to render to his city and county valuable service. He is a valued member of the Masonic frater nity, the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, the Knights of Pyth ias, and the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks. In 1866 Major Schwarz was united in marriage to Miss Mary Geil, of Sa vannah, a daughter of Jacob and Mary (Breckman) Geil, who came from Germany to this city in 1845. Major and Mrs. Schwarz have four children: Frederick has charge of the bakery business, as al ready noted; Mary is the wife of Howard Scherer, of Savannah; Theckla is the wife of Frederick Morgan, of Batesville, Ind.; and John M. G. is a successful farmer and dairyman near Savannah. Frederick married Miss Mamie Dietler, of Savannah, and they have four children.

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RAPHAEL THOMAS SEMMES
Raphael Thomas Semmes, president of the Semmes Hardware Company, one of the representative wholesale concerns of Savan nah, was born at Canton, Madison county, Miss., July 27, 1857. His father, Dr. Alphonso Thomas Semmes, was born in Washington, Wilkes county, Ga., April 28, 1830, and his mother, Mary Sabina (Semmes) Semmes, was born in Georgetown, now a portion of the city of Washington, D. C, Dec. 6, 1832. Doctor Semmes was a son of Thomas Semmes, Jr. and Harriet Shepherd (Bealle) Semmes, the latter being a native of Columbia county, Ga., and a descendant of early settlers from Charles county, Md., whence her grandparents removed to Georgia. Thomas Semmes, Jr. was born in Wilkes county, Ga., Jan. 19, 1802; was married Jan. 7, 1829; removed to Mississippi in 1852, and died at Canton, in May, 1862. He was a son of Roger and Jane (Sanders) Semmes, of Charles county, Md., the latter haying been a lineal descendant of one of the Roman Catholic gentlemen who came to Maryland with Lord Baltimore in 1634. Roger Semmes was born in Charles county, Md., in December, 1779, and removed to Wilkes county, Ga., where he died in September, 1804. He was a son of Thomas Semmes, Sr., who married a widow, Mrs. Mary Ann (Ratcliff) Brawner, their marriage occurring in February, 1779, in Charles county, Md. Thomas Semmes, Sr. was born in 1754, in Charles county. In 1800 he removed to Wilkes county, Ga., where he died June 14, 1824. He was a lieutenant in the Maryland line of troops in the war of the Revolution. (See Maryland Ar chives). He was a son of James and Mary (Simpson) Semmes, the latter a daughter of Andrew and Elizabeth (Green) Simpson. Elizabeth (Green) Simpson was a granddaughter of Thomas Green, the first proprietary governor of the province of Maryland. James Semmes II was a son of James and Mary (Goodrick) Semmes, of Charles county. James Semmes I was a son of Marmaduke

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Semmes, of St. Marys county, Md., and his mother, Fortune Semmes was the widow of Bulmer Medford, who immigrated to Maryland in 1664. Her first husband died in 1666 and in July, 1668, she married Marmaduke Semmes, who had been, in 1662, sworn in as doorkeeper of the upper house of the province of Maryland. (See Maryland Archives). Mary Sabina Semmes, nee Semmes, mother of the subject of this sketch, was the seventh child of Raphael and Mary Matilda (Jenkins) Semmes, of George town, D. C. The former was an uncle of Adm. Raphael Semmes of the Confederate States Navy, whom he formally adopted in child hood. Raphael Semmes I was born in Charles county, Md., Aug. 21, 1786, and died Oct. 12, 1846, in Georgetown, D. C. He was a son of Joseph and Henrietta (Thompson) Semmes, of Charles county, the former of whom served in the Revolution and the lat ter was a daughter of Richard Thompson, of Charles county, son of one of the early settlers of Maryland. Joseph Semmes was born in 1753, in Charles county, and was a brother of Thomas Semmes, Sr., who became a resident of Georgia. They were sons of James Semmes II, of Charles county, and hence Joseph also descended from Marmaduke Semmes I and from Gov. Thomas Green, pre viously mentioned. Two other sons of James Semmes II served in the Revolution and both were killed in the battle of Long Island. One of these was Andrew Green Semmes I, uncle of Andrew Green Semmes II, of Wilkes county, Ga., who was the father of Gen. Paul J. Semmes, a distinguished officer in the Confederate service during the Civil war. Mary Matilda (Jenkins) Semmes, maternal grandmother of the subject of this review, was born Dec. 28, 1800, in Charles county, a daughter of Capt. Thomas Jenkins, of the Revolution, so long imprisoned by the British, and his wife, Mary (Neale) Corry, widow of Benjamin Leslie Corry and daughter of Richard Neale, son of Henry Neale of James Neale II, son of Capt. James Neale, who was an early immigrant to Maryland, whither he came from Spain, in whose navy he had been a commander. An ancestress was a lady of the court of Spain. He was also a direct descendant of the famous Hugh ONeale, king of Ulster. During the reign of Queen Elizabeth, of England,

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when France and Spain incited Ireland to revolt against England, the ONeale estates were confiscated and all of the family perished except the two youngest children, who were small boys. At the instigation of the Pope, the kings of France and Spain each took one of these boys. One became the ancestor of the famous French General, Marechal Niel. The other married a lady of the Spanish court and died a number of years later while on a visit to Rome, his remains being buried in the Spanish church (Church of St. Peter of the Rock), in the "Eternal City," where his tomb can yet be seen. He was the ancestor of Capt. James Neale, who set tled in Maryland, as noted above. Dr. Alphonso T. Semmes, father of him to whom this sketch is dedicated, was an able phy sician, and during the Civil war he served the Confederacy for a time as surgeon in the army, but was in the hospital service the greater portion of the time. Thomas Semmes, Jr., of Georgia and later of Mississippi, grandfather of the subject of this sketch, crippled from paralysis and unable to fight for his country, equipped at his own expense a company, the Semmes Rifles, in Canton, Miss., and this company rendered valiant service in the Confed erate ranks. Raphael Thomas Semmes secured his earlier educa tional training in private schools in Canton, and supplemented this by careful discipline in the Christian Brothers college, Memphis, Tenn. In January, 1873, he became a clerk in a hardware store in Canton, and on Dec. 9, 1879, he located in Atlanta, Ga., where he became a clerk in the hardware establishment of Tommey, Gregg & Beck. Two or three years later, when the firm was merged into a stock company, under the title of the Beck & Gregg Hard ware Company, Mr. Semmes became a minority stockholder, and in 1891, when the concern increased its capital stock, he considerably increased his holdings. In January, 1896, he resigned his associa tion with this concern, having formed a business connection in Savannah, where he took up his residence in March of that year. In 1898 he individually established himself in the wholesale hard ware business in Savannah, being the sole owner of the enterprise but adopting the title of R. T. Semmes & Co. In 1901 he organized the Semmes Hardware Company, for the purpose of broadening

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and facilitating his business, and he has since been president of the company, whose business now takes rank among the leading enterprises of the sort in the southeastern states, the substantial growth and expansion of the same being due to the able and hon orable methods and the energy and discrimination which Mr. Semmes has brought to bear in the connection. He is also a director of the Savannah Trust Company. In politics he is a stanch Demo crat, and he and his wife are communicants of the Catholic church, with which his ancestors have been identified for generations. He is a member of the Maryland Historical Society and Savannah Yacht club. On April 30, 1891, was solemnized the marriage of Mr. Semmes to Miss Mary Katherine Flannery, daughter of Capt. John and Mary Ellen (Norton) Flannery, of Savannah. Mr. and Mrs. Semmes have no children.
ALEXANDER SESSOMS
Alexander Sessoms, a prominent business man of Waycross, Ware county, and an honored veteran of the Confederate service in the war between the states, was born in Cumberland county, N. C., Jan. 2, 1834, a son of Amos and Margaret (Antry) Sessoms, both of whom were likewise born in Cumberland county and passed their entire lives in North Carolina, where the respective families were early founded, the Sessoms family being of Welsh extrac tion. Alexander Sessoms was reared to manhood in the old North state, and his youthful training was that of the plantation. In February, 1862, about one month after celebrating his twentyeighth birthday, he enlisted as a private in Company C, Thirtysixth North Carolina heavy artillery, was stationed for some time at Fort Fisher, and later took part in the siege of Savannah. He rose to the rank of sergeant, was with his command at Fort Fisher when captured by the Union forces, Jan. 15, 1865, and was paroled at the end of the war. He maintains a lively interest in his old com-

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rades and signifies the same by his membership in the United Confederate Veterans. Mr. Sessoms has been a resident of Geor gia since 1877 and has been successful in his business operations, as a manufacturer and producer of naval stores. He has ever re tained the confidence and esteem of his fellow men and is one of the representative citizens of Waycross, where he has made his home since 1893. In politics he is a stanch adherent of the Dem ocratic party, but has never been an aspirant for public office. In February, 1869, Mr. Sessoms married Miss Hannah Jane Bullard, who died in 1879, and who is survived by three children Blanch, Albert Henry, and John Gordon. In November, 1880, he was united in marriage to Miss Lou W. Cogdell, and of their eight children seven are living Alexander K., Pauline, Ruby, Ralph, Robert Lee, Lewis and Dorothy.

CHARLES W. SHARPE
Charles W. Sharpe, who has the distinction of being the first judge of the court of ordinary of Jenkins county, whose organ ization was effected in 1905, with Millen as the county seat, is one of the well known and popular citizens of this section of the state. He was born on the homestead plantation in Screven county, Aug. 14, 1864. In Screven county were born his parents, Judge Robert D. and Martha Ann (Enneis) Sharpe, the former in 1825 and the latter in 1830. Judge Robert D. Sharpe was one of the successful planters and influential and honored citizens of Screven county, :where his death occurred in 1902. He served several terms as judge of the court of ordinary, clerk of the superior court, and county commissioner, and held the unqualified respect and esteem of all who knew him. His widow still survives, and re sides at Scarboro, which is now in Jenkins county, eight miles distant from Millen, that also being the home of the subject of this sketch, though Millen is his official address. Judge Charles W.

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Sharpe attended Scarboro academy in his youth and also a school conducted by Prof. James R. Drake, in Screven county, securing excellent scholastic discipline and continuing to attend school until he had attained the age of eighteen years. He has been identified with plantation enterprises from his youth up, while his business career has also included successful operations as a merchant and a manufacturer of turpentine. He is at the present time secretary and treasurer of the Sharpe Company, of Scarboro, of which his brother, Milburn C., is president. The company is incorporated with a capital stock of $100,000, carries on a large general mer chandise business, has large and important turpentine and distil ling interests, and owns and controls large plantation property in Jenkins county. Judge Sharpe accords an unwavering allegiance to the Democratic party, and he has been an effective worker in its local councils. When the new county of Jenkins was organized, in August, 1905, he was made the first judge of the court of ordi nary, and has given a most admirable administration, bringing the affairs of the office into the best of order and having successfully accomplished the initial work of systematizing and adjusting after the new county was brought into being. He is well known through out the county, his circle of friends is circumscribed only by that of his acquaintances, and he is recognized as a liberal and publicspirited citizen. His brother, Benjamin P. Sharpe, an extensive turpentine farmer and manufacturer, and prominent in business circles in both Georgia and Florida, died near Halcyondale, Bulloch county, May 27, 1906.

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JAMES R. SHELDON
James R. Sheldon is numbered among the prominent business men and influential citizens of Savannah and is a veteran of the Civil war, in which he served as a member of a Georgia regiment. He is a representative of stanch colonial stock, in both the paternal and maternal lines. He was born in Pawtuxet, near the city of Providence, R. I., June 2, 1840, a son of Capt Pardon and Rebecca (Aborn) Sheldon, who were likewise natives of Pawtuxet. The father was born in 1801 and his death oc curred in 1849. He was a ship owner and sea captain and his death occurred when the subject of this sketch was about eight years of age. Captain Sheldon was a son of Remington and Huldah (Greene) Sheldon, the former born in 1753 and died in 1829, and the latter born in 1758 and died in 1822, having been a representa tive of the same family of which Gen. Nathaniel Greene, of Revo lutionary fame, was a distinguished member. Rebecca (Aborn) Sheldon was born in 1806 and died in 1869. She was a daughter of Jonathan and Dorcas (Tourtellot) Aborn, the former born in 1778 and died in 1826, and the latter was born in 1774 and died in 1850. James R. Sheldon attended the schools of his native vil lage until he attained to the age of fourteen years and has been dependent upon his own resources from early youth. He came to the state of Georgia in 1858 and went forth from this state to lend his aid in defending the cause of the Confederacy. On March 2, 1862, he enlisted as a private in Company E, Fiftieth Georgia in fantry, and soon afterward proceeded with his command to rein force Lees army, below the city of Richmond, Va., taking part in the engagement at Malvern Hill and in all the later engagements in which Longstreets corps was involved. Mr. Sheldon never asked or received a furlough nor was he absent from duty at any time, continuing in service until the close of the war. He was a non-commissioned officer until after the battle of Fredericksburg,

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when he was promoted commissary of his regiment, succeeding Capt. S. M. Colding who was transferred to post duty in Savan nah. For six months he served as commissary of the brigade com manded by Generals Benning and Bryan, receiving the rank of major and succeeding Major Hankel who was transferred to Charleston, S. C. He remained on duty until the great conflict terminated with the surrender of General Lee, at Appomattox, Va., his regiment having been captured on Sailors creek, Va., on April 6, 1865, three days before Lees capitulation. Major Sheldon managed to escape at the time of his regiments surrender, and then made his way on foot to Georgia. Soon afterward he went to Florida, and from Oct. 1, 1865, until the same relative date of the following year he held a clerical position at Madison, that state. He then returned to Georgia and located in Savannah, where he was in the employ of a commission house until 1870, when he engaged in the cotton commission business on his own account. In 1880 he was one of the three organizers of the Savan nah Guano Company, erecting a plant on the east side of the city and eventually building up an important and prosperous enterprise, the scope of the industry being such that a number of enlargements have been made on the plant from time to time. He has been vice-president of the company from the start, and has capitalistic interests in the city which has been his home for two score, of years. In politics Mr. Sheldon maintains an independent attitude, giving his support to the men and measures meeting the approval of his judgment. He has served as a member of the board of alder men of Savannah and was a member of the city health and sanitary board for about six years. He is identified with the United Con federate Veterans; served for about six years on the staff of Gen. Clement A. Evans, commander of the order in Georgia, and is now assistant adjutant-general on the staff of General Willy. He is also identified with the Savannah Volunteer Guards and the Oglethorpe club. He is not a member of any religious organization, but attends the services of St. Johns church, Protestant Episcopal, of which Mrs. Sheldon is a communicant. He has advanced to the fourteenth degree of Scottish Rite Masonry and takes a deep

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interest in the time-honored fraternity. On April 7, 1875, Major Sheldon was united in marriage to Miss Louisa C. Roberts, daugh ter of Hiram and Mary J. Roberts, of Savannah. Mrs. Sheldon died in 1881, and on Nov. 16, 1882, he married her sister, Miss Bes sie Roberts. Their only child is James R., Jr., who was born on Nov. 5, 1893.

WILLIAM FRANKLIN SLATON
William Franklin Slaton is well known and highly honored in the field of popular education in Georgia, having been the superintendent of the city schools of Atlanta for twentyseven years. He rendered most gallant service as an officer in the Confederate army during the dark and turbulent period of the Civil war, and also has the distinction of being a representative of old and prominent families of Georgia. He received his com mission as colonel at the close of the war while in prison at John sons island, but as all of his fighting was done while a major, he is known to everyone by the latter title. Major Slaton was born near Warm Springs, Meriwether county, Ga., March 6, 1831, a son of John and Nancy (Harris) Slaton, the former born in Kentucky in 1796 and the latter in Hancock county, Ga., in 1811. The father was a planter by vocation and served under Gen. Andrew Jackson in the Seminole Indian war. As he died when the subject of this sketch was a child, the latter has been unable to gain satisfactory : data touching the family history. In the maternal line Major ; Slaton is descended from two Harris families, his mother having been a Harris, as was also her mother. The Majors grandfather, Henry Harris, was a son of Absalom Harris, who was a loyal sol dier in the Continental line in the war of the Revolution, the fam ily having been resident of Virginia at the time. Mrs. Nancy Slatons mother, Mary Elizabeth (Harris) Harris, was a daughter of Lieut. Arthur Harris, who went forth from Maryland to serve in the Colonial army in the Revolution. Absalom Harris came to

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Georgia from Greenville county, Va., and settled on Shoulderbone creek in Hancock county, where he spent the remainder of his life. His son, Henry, the grandfather of Major Slaton, moved from Hancock county to Greenville, Meriwether county, and Whites Statistics of Georgia refer to him as having been one of the pioneers of that county. John Slaton, the Majors father, re moved to Autauga county, Ala. Major Slaton was afforded the advantages of various country schools of the old type, thereafter attending the school conducted by Dr. Archilus Mitchell, at Summerfield, Ala., and still later was a student in the school conducted by the noted Dr. Carlyle P. Beman, at Mount Zion, Hancock county, Ga. He was finally graduated in Emory college at Ox ford, Ga., and still later was granted the degree of Master of Arts by the University of Georgia. When it became certain that a con flict must occur between the states of the north and the south, Major Slaton, who was then engaged in teaching at Auburn, Ala., promptly subordinated all personal considerations to go forth in defense of the cause of the Confederacy. At the outbreak of the war he held the office of first lieutenant in the Auburn Guards, and with this command he went to Pensacola, Fla., to assist in the protection of Fort Barrancas. In the spring of 1862 his company formally entered the Confederate service at Auburn, Ala., as Com pany D, Thirty-seventh Alabama infantry. He participated in the battles of Corinth, Shiloh and luka and in all the engagements down to the siege of Vicksburg. At Corinth he was wounded in the head by the explosion of a shell, a fragment of which pene trated the skull just back of the temporal bone, but within a few weeks he was enabled to resume his place with his command. He was under General Pemberton in the siege of Vicksburg and was captured at Lookout Mountain. There he was accused by Gen eral Grant of having violated his parole given at Vicksburg. This contretemps was caused by the fact that the secretary of war of the Confederate States government had returned 5,000 Vicksburg troops to the field on account of an equal number captured at Har pers Ferry, paroled in the field and recaptured the next day in Maryland with arms in their hands. He considered himself justi-

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fied in ordering the return of the Vicksburg troops to the field, de claring them exchanged without having their paroles in turn. Major Slaton was sent under sentence of death to Louisville, Ky., where he was tried by General Burbridge without being permitted to appear in his own defense and was condemned to be shot. By the intervention of Hon. Benjamin H. Hill his life was saved, and he was sent instead to endure the horrors of the Federal prison on Johnsons island in Lake Erie, where he languished for eighteen weary months, being held in captivity until the close of the war. He was promoted captain of his original company, later was made major and finally in 1864, he was commissioned colonel of his regiment. He took part in more than one hundred engagements and his record in the service is one of marked valor and faithful ness. He was discharged, as a prisoner of war, June 5, 1865, re turned to Georgia and located on a farm near Woodbury, Meriwether county, where he remained until he recuperated his wasted energies, after which he resumed teaching at Griffin, this state. He has been identified with educational work from the time of attaining to his legal majority. In 1855 he was elected to a pro fessorship in the Alabama polytechnic institute at Auburn, an in stitution of which he was practically the founder and in which he taught for a period of six years. After the war he devoted him self to agricultural pursuits, principally by reason of impaired eye sight, resulting from wounds received in the war. He resumed his pedagogic work in 1871, continued to teach at Griffin for the en suing four years and then took up his residence in the city of At lanta, where he assumed the position of principal of the boys high school, which he retained until 1879, when he was elected to his present important office of superintendent of the Atlanta schools. In this position his labors and his marked administrative powers have redounded to the great benefit of the local school system, and he is held in the highest esteem as a citizen, educator and veteran of the Civil war. Major Slaton is a Democrat in his political al legiance, but he has never been a seeker of political office. He is affiliated with the United Confederate Veterans, is a Royal Arch Mason, and both he and his wife were members of Trinity church,

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Methodist Episcopal South, of Atlanta. On Dec. 6, 1852, Major Slaton was united in marriage to Miss Nancy Jane Martin, daugh ter of the late Rev. William D. and Martha Pope (Johnson) Mar tin, of Greenville, Ga. The Rev. William D. Martin was a man of wealth and great capacity, having served in the legislature and as a member of the secession convention. He was a noted orator of his day and the late Senator Benjamin Harvey Hill said he was the only man who ever defeated him in a stump speech. Major and Mrs. Slaton have seven children: William Martin Slaton married Miss Mattie Grant Jackson, daughter of Chief Justice James Jackson, and is principal of the boys high school of At lanta ; Mary Katherine is the wife of Waid H. Blanchard; Annie May is the wife of Albigence Lamar Waldo; John Marshall mar ried Mrs. Sarah Grant Jackson, has been a member of the Georgia legislature since 1896, the longest term on record in Fulton county, and has been elected speaker of the house; Mattie Lee; Lily B., teacher of French in the girls high school of Atlanta, is the wife of Judge Samuel C. Atkinson, of the Georgia Supreme court; and Lulah E. is the youngest of the children, and all are residents of Atlanta.

HOKE SMITH
Hoke Smith, lawyer and statesman, was born at Newton, N. C., Sept. 2, 1855, his parents being Prof. Hildreth H. and Mary B. (Hoke) Smith, the former a native of New Hampshire and the latter of North Carolina. His father was a graduate of Bowdoin college and was for a number of years president of the Catawba college at Newton. In 1858 he removed to Chapel Hill, N. C., and became a professor in the State university there. Ten years later he located inLincolnton, N. C., where he remained until 1871, when he became connected with the Atlanta public schools and removed to that city. Hoke Smith was educated at Chapel

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Hill, and under his fathers instruction. In the spring of 1872 he entered the. law offices of Collier, Mynatt & Collier, at Atlanta, as a student and about a year later was admitted to the bar, although at the time he was not quite eighteen years of age. He soon dem onstrated his ability as a lawyer, however, and won the respect of the bench, bar and public by the masterly way in which he managed his cases. In 1876 he made his first appearance in politics and hefore he had attained his majority was chairman of the Democratic executive committee of Fulton county. He took an active part in the campaign for the removal of the state capital to Atlanta and won a reputation as a clear, concise and forcible public speaker. As an advocate of tariff reform he was on the stump in the national campaigns from 1884 to 1892 and was appointed secretary of the interior by President Cleveland in 1893. In August, 1896, he re signed this position and resumed the practice of law at Atlanta where he still resides. For more than ten years he was the pro prietor of the Atlanta Journal, and made that paper a powerful factor in state and local politics. At the primary election, held on Aug. 22, 1906, he defeated four other candidates for the nomina tion for governor of Georgia by a handsome plurality and on Nov. 6, 1906, he was duly elected to that exalted office. He is a member of the American and Georgia bar associations, the Masonic fraternity, the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, the Improved Order of Red Men, the Presbyterian Church and is president of the Atlanta board of education. On Dec. 19, 1883, Mr. Smith married Miss Birdie, daughter of Gen. Thomas R. R. and Marian (Lumpkin) Cobb, and to this union four children have been born, viz. Marion, Mary Brent, Lucy and Callie.

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WILLIAM BERRY STEPHENS
William Berry Stephens, a representative member of the bar of Savannah, was born near Morven, Brooks county, Ga., Feb. 22, 1870, a son of John Htigh and Sarah C. (Hendry) Stephens, the former born at Society Hill, Darlington, S. C., Sept. 19, 1843, and the latter at Morven, Brooks county, Ga., Aug. 19, 1846. Though personally he has no authentic record to the effect, it is a matter of tradition and practically an indubitable fact that Major Stephens maternal great-great-grandfather, Robert Hendry, who came from Virginia to Georgia and lies buried at Taylors Creek, Liberty county, served under "Light Horse Harry" Lee in the war of the Revolution. The paternal grandfather of Major Stephens served with the South Carolina troops in Florida during the Seminole Indian war of 1835-42, and two maternal grand-uncles, William Hendry and Normal Campbell, are known to have served against the Indians in Georgia, participating in the battle of Brushy Creek. The maternal grandfather of the subject of this sketch was Neal Hendry, who was a valiant soldier of the Confederacy during the Civil war, having been major in command of a detachment in middle Florida, guarding salt works along the coast and supplying cattle to the southern armies. John Hugh Stephens entered the Confederate service on Aug. 1, 1861, at Madi son, Fla., as a private in Company C, Fourth Florida volunteer infantry, and served in turn in the brigades commanded by Pres ton, Palmer, Anderson Finley, Stovall and Smith. He was wounded in the battle of Murfreesboro, Tenn., and later partici pated in the battles of Jackson, Chickamauga and Missionary Ridge, as well as at Chapel Hill, N. C., April 9, 1865, thus serving until the close of the war. He now resides in Jacksonville, Fla., where he holds membership in R. E. Lee Camp, No. 58, United Confed erate Veterans. In the present connection it may be said that three of his sons well upheld the military prestige of the family

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name at the time of the Spanish-American war. John Hugh, Jr., and Robert D. were members of the First Florida infantry, United States volunteers, and the former lost his life, by disease, while in the service. William B., the subject of this review, became a pri vate in Company B, Savannah Volunteer Guards, a battalion, in May, 1890, later being promoted corporal and sergeant, and on May 2, 1898, he was enrolled as a private in Company B, Second Georgia infantry, United States volunteers, for service in the war with Spain. He was appointed sergeant as soon as mustered, and proceeded with his command to the reserve camp at Tampa, Fla., where he remained in service until the close of the war. He was honorably discharged, at Huntsville, Ala., Aug. 29, 1898, in com pliance with his own request. Upon his return to Savannah he immediately reenlisted, as a private in Company B, Savannah Vol unteer Guards, serving as such until he was commissioned captain of his company, Feb. 1, 1900. In March, 1904, he resigned the captaincy and reenlisted as a private, serving as such until the fol lowing November, when he was commissioned major of battalion of the Savannah Volunteer Guards, the battalion having been con verted into heavy artillery, by act of the general assembly, Dec. 18, 1900. He still holds the: office of major of this battalion,, and is also a member of Francis S. Bartpw Camp, No. 95, United Sons of Confederate, Veterans, in Savannah. Major Stephens secured his preliminary educational training in the common schools of Thomas and Mitchell counties, Ga., and his higher academic studies were prosecuted under the direction of able private tutors. In 1889 he became a clerical assistant in the law office of Chisholm & Erwin, of Savannah, under whose able preceptorship he prosecuted his reading of law and was admitted to the bar of the state in 1896. From 1898 until Jan. 1, 1900, he was division counsel for the Plant system of railways and then, upon the dissolution of the firm of Erwin, DuBignon, Chisholm & Clay, resigned the office noted and entered into a professional partnership with Hon. Flem ing G. DuBignon, under the firm name of DuBignon & Stephens, this association obtaining until the latter part of the year 1902, when it was dissolved, upon the removal of Mr. DuBignon to the

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city of Atlanta. Since that time Major Stephens has conducted.an individual professional business in Savannah, where he has a representative clientage. He is affiliated with the Democratic party but has never had an ambition for political office. He and his wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal church South, and he is identified with the following named organizations: An cient Landmark Lodge, No. 231, Free and Accepted Masons; Geor gia Chapter, No. 3, Royal Arch Masons; Georgia Council, No. 2, Royal and Select Masters; Palestine Commandery, No. 7, Knights Templars; Alee Temple, Ancient Arabic Order, Nobles of the Mys tic Shrine; Alpha Lodge, No. 1, Ancient Accepted Scottish Rite; the Savannah bar association; the Guards club, Oglethorpe club, Savannah Yacht club and Forest City gun club. On Sept. 6, 1899, Major Stephens was united in marriage to Miss Clifford B. Dasher, daughter of Frank W. and Grace B. (Lovell) Dasher, of Savannah, and they have one son, William Hugh, born Dec. 18, 1900. In the pursuit of his profession Major Stephens has not only attained to success but his career has also been marked by a thorough devo tion to the highest ideals of his calling. This has been the domi nant purpose of his life, to which his active participation in public affairs has been the natural incident. Of a singularly open and candid nature, rapid in conclusions and entirely bold in expression, he has been an effective soldier because he has been a consistent and fearless lawyer.

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THOMAS C. SWANN
Thomas C. Swarm was a man of impregnable sincerity and integrity and made his life count for good in all its rela tions. He was a typical American. His passion for honesty, for fair play, for straight dealing was the key to his personal character and business success. The enterprise and pluck with which he built up the Covington cotton mills, at Covington, Newton county, indicated his tenacity of purpose and his distinctive initiative ability, and the enterprise which he thus founded stands as a monu ment to his aggressiveness and honest dealing. Mr. Swann was endowed with a fine mind, a wonderful memory, and these attri butes, as taken in connection with his ready "Irish wit" and his pleasant, genial manner, gained and retained to him the stanchest of friends, their number being limited only by the circle of his ac quaintanceship. Thomas C. Swann was born in Newton county, Ga., Jan. 1, 1849. His father, Thomas D. Swann, was a prosperous planter in this county prior to the Civil war, in which he and his older sons went forth to do gallant service as leal and loyal sol diers of the Confederacy. The subject of this memoir was in his teens at the time of the outbreak of the war, and was too young to enter the service. His father was made lieutenant in his com pany, which was a part of the regiment of Georgia infantry com manded by Colonel Richardson. Thomas C. Swann received his education in the schools of his native county, where he was reared to maturity and where the greater portion of his life was passed. He manifested sterling characteristics and marked business abil ity even as a youth, and his life was guided and governed by a spirit of the loftiest integrity and honor. In 1872 he engaged in the general merchandise business in Conyers, Rockdale county, where he remained seven years, meeting with success in his en terprise. He then removed to Covington, where he continued in the mercantile business until his death, which occurred March 9,

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1906. When thus summoned from the scene of lifes endeavors, his interests were many and varied. He was president of the Covington cotton mills, of the Bank of Newton county, of the Eagle Gold Mining Company, of Logan, Id., and of the Swann-Davis Mercantile Company. He was president of the Covington & Ox ford Street Railway Company for years, but retired from this of fice before his death in order to have more time for other interests. Mr. Swann was a steadfast and loyal supporter of the principles and policies of the Democratic party and he ever took a deep in terest in public affairs, particularly those of a local nature. For a number of years he was a member of the board of county commis sioners and at different times served the town as mayor, council man and chairman of the board of education. It had been his intention to retire from active business and travel for his health and pleasure, but in the prime of life and the midst of his greatest usefulness, deaths summons came and ended all his earthly plans. He loved his town and did much to add to its reputation and to forward its civic and material interests, leaving an impress upon Covington that can not but endure for years. In 1873 Mr. Swann was united in marriage to Miss Elizabeth Stowers, of Oxford, Miss., and she survives him. To them were born three children: Stella, who died in 1883; Olive, wife of J. H. Porter,of Covington ; and Thomas C, Jr., who likewise remains a resident of Covington. Mr. Swanns steadfast devotion to his family did not en tirely absorb the love of his great heart. His tenderness went out to all humanity and was manifested by many acts of noble gener osity to the needy. All classes went to him for advice, being as sured of wise and sympathetic counsel, and he always inspired them with confidence and hope and found a way to assist them. He was a distinct man. He was a good man. His was the faith that makes faithful, and his name and personality will long be remembered in the community in which he so long made his home.

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FRANK L. SWEAT
Frank L. Sweat, a prominent and influential citizen and busi ness man of Douglas, Coffee county, and an ex-member of the state senate, was born in the vicinity of Waycross, Ware county, Ga., March 19, 1866, a son of Capt. James A. and Serena (Miller) Sweat, the former born near Blackshear, Pierce county, Ga., and the latter at Waresboro, Ware county. Captain Sweat was in command of a company during the Indian war and thus gained his title, but was too old to be eligible for service in the Civil war, prior to which he had been a large slaveholder. He was a man of influence and of sterling character and died at the age of sixty-one years. He had large plantation interests and also engaged in the raising of live stock upon an extensive scale. His wife survived him by a number of years. Frank L. Sweat was educated in the common schools of Ware county, Ga., and at Madison, Fla. He has been identified with the turpentine and timber business since he was twenty years of age and has been very successful in his business operations. He now has interests in turpentine produc tion and lumbering in Georgia, Florida and Alabama, and is also concerned in banking, wholesale grocery business and railroad enterprises, his reputation, both as a citizen and business man, be ing unassailable. He became interested in the Douglas, Augusta & Gulf railroad at the time of its organization, took stock in the company, of which he is now a director and general superintend ent. In a fraternal way he is affiliated with the Knights of Pythias. In politics he is an uncompromising Democrat, and is an active worker in the party cause. He represented the fifth district in the state senate from 1902 to 1904 and proved a valuable working member of that body. He was the author of the bill providing that only pure spirits of turpentine be permitted to be manufac tured in the state, and this act has worked to great advantage in doing away with the adulteration of such products. He also in-

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troduced various other bills and was a member of a number of important senate committees. He and his wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal church South. On Feb. 3, 1897, Mr. Sweat was united in marriage to Miss Minnie Lee Lott, daughter of John M. Lott. They have no children.

AUGUSTUS P. TAYLOR, M. D.
Augustus P. Taylor, M. D., has been successfully established in the practice of his profession at Thomasville, Thomas county, for more than thirty years, and is known and esteemed as one of the able and popular physicians and surgeons of that section of the state. He was born in Jefferson county, Fla., March 4, 1849, a son of Joshua and Margaret (Pullen) Taylor, both natives of Washing ton county, Ga., where the former was born June 1, 1813, and the latter May 1, 1824. When Joshua Taylor was about seven years old, his parents, Andrew Taylor and wife, Polly (Askew) Taylor, removed from Washington county, Ga., to Florida, and located on fertile tracts of land on the Miccosukee lake in Jefferson and Leon counties. The family home was thus established in Florida about 1820 and there Joshua Taylor was reared to maturity and took part in the Indian wars of that territory while still a youth, having been made first lieutenant in his company of volunteers. He took part in the severe fight in the cove on the Withlacoochee river, and continued in active service until the Indians were quelled. In 1839 he was commissioned major in the Florida militia, and after the territory was admitted to the Union he represented Jefferson county in the state legislature. He later returned to Georgia, and at the time of the Civil war was a member of the state militia in the Confederate service, on duty around the city of Atlanta. Dr. Augustus P. Taylor secured his early educa tional training in private schools at Thomasville and in 1870, at the age of twenty-one years, h,e was graduated in the medical depart-

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ment of the University of the City of New York, duly receiving his degree of Doctor of Medicine and coming forth admirably equipped for the work of his chosen calling. Since 1871 he has been contin uously engaged in practice in Thomasville, where his success has been unqualified and where his prestige best indicates the hold which he has upon popular confidence and regard. He is a member of the state board of health and is also identified with the Medical Association of Georgia. In politics he is a stalwart supporter of the principles and policies of the Democracy, is a member of the Methodist Episcopal church South, and his wife is a Presbyterian. On Nov. 18, 1887, Dr. Taylor was united in marriage to Miss Elfleda Bennett, daughter of Thomas R. and Mary (Townsend) Bennett, of Camilla, Ga., and they have one son, Frederic Taylor, born Sept. 26, 1888.

THOMAS FREEMAN THOMSON
Thomas Freeman Thomson,, of Savannah, tax collector for Chat ham county, was born in Macon, Bibb county, Ga., July 12, 1850, a son of Dr. Methven Smith and Mary Ann Elizabeth (Freeman) Thomson, the former born in Perth, Scotland, Jan. 7, 1815, and the latter on Staten Island, N. Y., Oct. 14, 1824, a daughter of Azel Roe Freeman, a veteran of the war of 1812, and who removed to Macon in 1827. Doctor Thomson removed to Georgia in the 40s, and became one of the leading physicians and influential citizens of Macon, of which city he was mayor for three successive terms, in 1860-66. After due preliminary training Thomas F. Thomson was matriculated in the University of Geor gia, and was a student in this institution for one year as a mem ber of the class of 1870. In 1870 he became bookkeeper for the firm of Champion & Freeman, of Savannah, and held this position until October, of the following year, when he assumed the posi tion of bookkeeper in the Southern bank of the State of Georgia,

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Savannah, retaining this incumbency until October 1, 1877, when he took a similar position in the Merchants National bank, of the same city. He remained with this institution until 1885, when he became first cashier of the National bank of Savannah, and served as such until 1906. In March, 1901, Mr. Thomson was first elected to his present office, that of tax collector of Chatham county, this being the only political office he has ever held, and which he now holds, though he has been a stanch supporter of the cause of the Democratic party. He is an official member of Trinity Meth odist church, of Savannah, of which Mrs. Thomson also is a zeal ous member. He is a life member of the Benevolent and Protec tive Order of Elks, a veteran member of the Knights of Pythias, and a member of the following Masonic bodies: Zerrubbabel
Lodge, No. 15, Free and Accepted Masons; Georgia Chapter, No. 3, Royal Arch Masons; Georgia Council, No. 3, Royal & Select Masters, Palestine Commandery, No. 7, Knights Templars, Alpha Lodge of Perfection, Temple Chapter, Gethsemane Council, and Benzabee Consistory, of the Ancient Accepted Scottish Rite, hav ing attained to the thirty-second degree of this branch of the fra ternity; and Alee Temple of the Ancient Arabic Order, Nobles of the Mystic Shrine. On March 25, 1874, Mr. Thomson was united in marriage to Miss Margaret Jane Meldrim, daughter of Ralph and Jane (Fawcett) Meldrim, of Savannah, both of whom are now deceased. Mr. and Mrs. Thomson have six children Ralph Methven, Thomas Harris, Robert Corley, Edward Gaudry, Margaret Meldrim, and Meldrim. Dr. Ralph M., the eldest son, is a graduate of Tulane university, New Orleans, and is a successful physician .and surgeon. He married Miss Bessie Howard, of Hazlehurst, Miss., on June 28, 1898. Rev. Thomas H. Thomson, the second son, is a clergyman of the Methodist church. On Dec. 2, 1901, he married Miss Nellie Lachlison, daughter of Captain James LachJison, of Darien, Ga. Robert C. was married Feb. 22, 1902, to Miss Parmelia Evans Patillo. Mr. and Mrs. Thomson have three grand children- Thomas F., Jr., and Robert P., sons of Robert C. and Par melia E. Thomson; and Eunice, daughter of Rev. Thomas H. and
Nellie Thomson.

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NELSON TIFT
Nelson Tift, founder of the city of Albany and for many years prominent in Georgia affairs, was a son of Amos and Hannah Tift and was born at Groton, Conn., July 23, 1810. At the ag-e of sixteen years he left home and went to Charleston, S. C., where he engaged in mercantile pursuits until 1835, when he located in southwest Georgia. At that time he was but twenty-five years old, but with a foresight worthy of a man of more mature years he saw the possibilities of that section of the state and became the founder of Albany, to the advancement and prosperity of which city he devoted the energy and enthusiasm of youth, com bined with the wisdom and judgment of age. Soon after set tling at Albany he married Miss Annie Maria Mercer, a niece of the noted Baptist minister, Jesse Mercer, whose name is now borne by Mercer university, one of the leading educational institu tions of the state. To this union were born two sons and five daughters, viz.: Nelson F., James M., Annie Tift Rawson, Fannie Tift Nelson, Isabel Tift Mitchell, Clara Tift Woolfolk and Irene Tift Mann. All lived to maturity, married and their descendants still live to perpetuate the name and memory of Albanys origin ator and architect. About 1844 Mr. Tift established the Patriot, a weekly newspaper, which attained much prominence and wielded a large influence in public and industrial affairs. This paper was the progenitor of the present Albany Daily Herald. During the 50s he held successively the offices of justice of the peace, judge of the inferior court, and was appointed colonel of militia for the district. When the Civil war broke out Mr. Tift virtually gave up his priv ate business interests and devoted his energies to furthering the cause of the Confederacy. About this time he was joined by his brother, Asa F. Tift, who came to Albany as a refugee from his home at Key West, Fla., and together they established a large beef and pork packing house at Albany, from which large quantities of

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provisions were issued for the use of the Confederate States navy. Subsequently they erected a large cracker or "hard tack" factory, a grist mill and a barrel factory, the products of which were turned over to the Confederate government for the use of the soldiers and sailors who were fighting the battles of the South. In 1863 the two brothers, under the approval and by the direction of the secre tary of the Confederate States navy, S. R. Mallory, began the con struction of the ram "Mississippi" at New Orleans. The vessel was built on novel lines, entirely the conception of Mr. Tift, and was pronounced by the best experts of the navy department to be the most formidable gunboat in the navy of either government, while many did not hesitate to assert that it alone would have been sufficient to successfully defend the city of New Orleans. Un fortunately the vessel was never given an opportunity to test its efficiency, for when it was almost completed Admiral Farragut ran past the forts and captured the city. The "Mississippi" was burned by its builders to prevent its falling into the hands of the Federal fleet. They then went to Savannah, where, at the request of Secretary Mallory, they transformed a merchant vessel into a gunboat called the "Atlanta." The vessel was run aground on its first trip and destroyed to keep it from falling into the hands of the enemy. All the work of the two brothers for the Confeder ate cause was done without compensation, an indisputable evi dence of their loyalty. After the war Neslon Tift entered with characteristic zeal and energy into the work of ridding his state of "carpet-bag" rule. He was one of the first Southern Democrats to be elected to Congress, where his untiring and persistent efforts in behalf of his constituents did much toward alleviating the op pression of the reconstruction era. He was again elected to Con gress in 1870, but his seat was contested by R. H. Whitely, who was finally given the seat, though it was evident that Mr. Tift was the rightful choice of the people of his district. He then turned his attention to the construction of railroads, projecting and carrying to completion no less than four distinct lines. His interest in the city of Albany was proverbial. Full of confidence in its future he never hesitated to spend his money in advancing

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its interests, and today the city owes much to his patriotic and well timed efforts. His last public service of any consequence was as a delegate to the constitutional convention of 1877, in which his sound judgment and wide experience wielded a potent influence in the formation of Georgias organic law. His characteristics were an indomitable will that was seldom frustrated; an untiring energy that overcame all obstacles; a foresight that was almost phenomenal; a temper that was always well controlled; a courage that nothing could daunt; an integrity that was unimpeachable; a kind, sympathetic nature, and a smile which the immortal Henry Grady said was irresistible. His death occurred in Albany on Nov. 21, 1891, at the age of eighty-two years. Tift county, created in August, 1905, was named in his honor.

HANSFORD D. DUNCAN TWIGGS
Hansford D. Duncan Twiggs, an eminent lawyer and jurist of Georgia, and a representative of one of the distinguished families of the state, is now engaged in the practice of his profession in the city of Savannah. He is a great-grandson of Maj.-Gen.
4?
John Twiggs, a Revolutionary soldier who has been designated a"s* the "Savior of Georgia," and a nephew of Maj.-Gen. David E. Twiggs, (q. v.). Hansford D. D. Twiggs was born in Barnwell, S. C, March 25, 1839, during a visit of his mother at her par ental home. He is a son of George W. L. and Harriet E. (Duncan) Twiggs, the former born in Richmond county, Ga., Feb. 22, 1813, and the latter at Sandy Run, Lexington county, S. C., about 1815. Colonel Twiggs passed his boyhood on the homestead plantation of his father, in Richmond county. He was graduated in the Georgia military institute at Marietta, in 1858, then entered upon the study of law in Philadelphia, attending lectures one year in the University of Pennsylvania, and in 1860 was graduated in what is now the law department of the University of Georgia. He had

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but initiated the practice of his profession when the secession is sue became paramount. The convention which decided upon the secession of Georgia authorized the formation of two regiments, and of the First Georgia regiment Colonel Twiggs was commis sioned first lieutenant, by Governor Brown. A little later the two regiments were consolidated in the First Georgia regulars, under Col. Charles J. Williams, and mustered into the Confederate ser vice. The young lawyer, Twiggs, became first lieutenant of Com pany G, and in the following year he was promoted captain. With the regiment he went on duty in northeastern Virginia in the summer of 1861, participating in the battle of Lewinsville, where he acted on the staff of Gen. J. E. B. Stuart, commanding the outposts, and upon the withdrawal of Johnstons army was in an engagement at Fredericksburg. He was with General Toombs at Yorktown, participated in the battle of Dam No. 1, and went through the Seven Days battles before Richmond. In the closing fight, at Malvern Hill, he received a wound that kept him in hos pital for thirty days. At his next battle, that of Sharpsburg, Md., he was wounded and captured. After lying in the Federal field hospital about ten days he was paroled and sent into the Confed erate lines, in charge of about 400 other prisoners of war, with whom he reported to General Lee near Sheppardstown, and was ordered on to Staunton. While upon leave of absence he visited his home. Upon his recovery and exchange he reported to Gen eral Beauregard, at Charleston, S. C., for staff duty, by order of the war department, and was assigned to the staff of Gen. W. T. Taliaferro, at Savannah. On July 13, 1863, General Taliaferro was ordered to take charge of Battery Wagner, on Morris island, S. C. Captain Twiggs accompanied him as inspector-general and served in Battery Wagner during the terrific and desperate assault by the Federal troops. On the day of the assault, July 18, he was severely wounded, and the next day was sent to Charleston and thence to his home in Georgia. In August, 1863, he rejoined his regiment, the First Georgia, then on duty in the southern coast department, and remained with it until the close of the war. He took part in the battle of Olustee, Fla., Feb. 20, 1864, fought against

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Sherman before Savannah and finally participated in the battle of Averasboro, North Carolina, where he was made lieutenant-colonel of the regiment. In this rank he surrendered with Johnstons army, at Greensboro, April 26, 1865. After the close of the war Colonel Twiggs remained on the home plantation until January, 1868, when he located in Augusta, where he formed a law partnership with Alfred P. Aldrich. In 1870 he removed to Sandersville and in the same year was made judge of the superior courts of the mid dle judicial district of the state, retaining this office until the sum mer of 1873. Thereafter he was engaged in the practice of his profession in Augusta until 1892, when he removed to Swainsboro and remained a member of the Emanuel county bar until 1897, when he took up his residence in Savannah, where he has since been actively engaged in the work of his profession. He is a brilliant lawyer and forcible orator and has attained specially high prestige throughout the state for his ability in criminal prac tice. In 1880-81 he represented Richmond county in the state legislature and served as speaker pro tern, of the house. Colonel Twiggs has given an unfaltering allegiance to the Democratic party, is a member of the United Confederate Veterans, is affiliated with the Phi Kappa Sigma, in Philadelphia, and with the lodge of Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks in Savannah. On May 21, 1861, he was united in marriage to Miss Lucie E. Wilkins, daughter of Joseph C. and Elizabeth (Grant) Wilkins, of Liberty county, Ga., and they have two children David E. and Miss Sallie B.

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PEYTON L. WADE
Peyton L. Wade, attorney and counselor at law, Dublin, is one of the leading members of the bar of Laurens county, and is a scion of distinguished ancestry. He was born at "Lebanon For est," his grandfathers home, in Screven county, Ga., Jan. 9, 1865, a son of Robert M. and Frederica (Washburn) Wade, the former born in Screven county, March 4, 1840, and the latter in the city of Savan nah, Aug. 31,1844. His paternal grandfather, Rev. Peyton L. Wade, of Screven county, was the owner of an extensive landed es tate and more than 500 slaves at the time of the inception of the Civil war. He was well known in his day as a man of broad informa tion, profound scholarship and great wealth. He was for a time in the Georgia conference of the Methodist Episcopal church, when a young man, and continued a zealous member of that church until his death, in 1866, when well advanced in years. His second wife, wihose maiden name was Elizabeth Robert, was a descendant of the Huguenot, Pierre Robert, from whom many of the patrician families of South Carolina claim descent. Her maternal grand father was Samuel Maner. The first wife of Rev. Peyton L. Wade was the widow of Isaac G. Crawford, a brother of Gov. George W. Crawford, of Georgia, but no children were born of this union. Frederica (Washburn) Wade was a daughter of Joseph Washburn, who was born in Massachusetts, whence he came to Georgia as a young man and here passed the remainder of his life. For many years prior to his death he resided in Savannah, and for a long period held the presidency of the old Savannah bank, one of the lead ing financial institutions of the entire South. He was a brother of Gov. Emory Washburn, of Massachusetts, a very distinguished lawyer, who was Bussy professor of law in Harvard university for many years, and the author of "Washburn on Real Property," as well as many other works. He was the last Whig governor of Massachusetts. Joseph Washburn was thrice married, and the

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subject of this sketch is a descendent of his second wife, whose maiden name was Martha Ingersoll, of the well known Ingersoll family of Massachusetts. The maiden name of his first wife was Bird, and she was of a South Carolina family, while his last wife, who bore him no children, was a resident of Savannah at the time of their marriage, her maiden name having been Habersham. Joseph Washburn was an ardent secessionist, and all of his sons, two by his first and two by his second marriage, were valiant soldiers of the Confederacy during the Civil war. He died about the beginning of the war, having been a citizen of wealth and a man of unspotted integrity. The Washburn family is descended from Joseph Washburn, whose father married a granddaughter of Mary Chilton, the first woman who stepped from the "May flower" on Plymouth Rock. The original progenitor of the family in America was one of the first Puritan settlers of Massachusetts and was secretary of the colony. The grandfather of Joseph Washburn, of Savannah, was Col. Seth Washburn, of Leicester, Mass., who served as colonel in the Revolutionary army. He was a man of distinction in his day, and held various public offices after the war, including that of member of the Massachusetts house of representatives. The Wade family is of Welsh derivation, the family crest being a dove with an olive branch. The original American settlement was made in Spottsylvania county, Va., whence representatives came to Georgia in an early day. Robert M. Wade, father of the subject of this review, was a soldier of the Confederacy during the Civil war, having enlisted, in 1863, as a member of the First Georgia regulars, in which he was a lieutenant, and remained in active service until the close of war, having been with the command of Gen. Joseph E. Johnston at the time of the surrender. He was graduated in the Georgia military institute at Marietta, as a member of the class of 1860, and was afterward on the staff of Gen. Frank W. Capers, in the Georgia militia. After the disbanding of the militia he was a member of the Twentysecond Georgia battery of artillery, as hospital steward, having been a medical student from 1860 until the time when he entered the army. After the evacuation of Savannah he was in the quar-

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termasters department. He was in Virginia during the early part of the war, and after about a year was there stricken with typhoid fever. A few weeks after his return home, for recuperation, he joined the army in Savannah, and served until the close of the war, as noted. He was graduated in the medical department of the University of Maryland at Baltimore, as a member of the class of 1872, and thereafter was engaged in the practice of his profession until 1898, when he retired, by reason of impaired health. For a quarter of a century he was a resident of Athens, Ga., where he died on Dec. 7, 1904. His wife still survives him. Peyton L. Wade, to whom this article is dedicated, was graduated in the University of Georgia, as a member of the class of 1886, receiving the degree of Bachelor of Arts and standing fifth in a class of forty-seven members. He was junior speaker of his class, the place being awarded in competition for composition, and was classtree orator"; he was also senior speaker, the place being awarded on class standing, and was class poet at the commencement ex ercises, in July, 1886. After graduation he taught one year in the Dublin high school, and thereafter was editor of the Dublin Post for six months. He studied law in the office of his uncle Ulysses P. Wade, of the firm of Dell & Wade, Sylvania, Ga., and was ad mitted to the bar, in Screven county, in November, 1888. Immedi ately afterward he went to the paternal home in Athens, where he remained six months, during which he served his novitiate in his profession. He then established himself in Dublin, where he has since been engaged in practice. He has enjoyed a good practice in Laurens county for fifteen years and for the past decade has con fined himself entirely to civil business. He is counsel for various local corporations, and is local counsel for the Wrightsville & Tennille and the Central of Georgia railway companies. He is a member of the Georgia bar association and has the largest pro fessional library in his section of the state, as well as the largest private and general library, the law library comprising over 800 vol umes and the general library more than 2,000, including many special and limited editions. Mr. Wade is affiliated with Kappa Deuteron Chapter, of the Phi Garnma Delta fraternity at the University of

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Georgia, and also with the Knights of Pythias and the Royal Arcanum. He is a Democrat in his political allegiance, but has seduously avoided and refused to enter politics or to accept office. On April 13, 1895, he was united in marriage to Miss Gussie K. Black, who was at the time a resident of Atlanta, a daughter of George R. and Georgia A. (Bryan) Black, of Screven county. Her father and paternal grandfather, Edward J. Black, have both served Georgia as members of Congress. Mr. and Mrs. Wade have one child, Frederica Washburn Wade, born Sept. 11, 1905.

JOHN L, WALKER, M. D.
John L. Walker, M. D., a prominent and successful physician and surgeon of Waycross, Ware county, was born in Washington county, Ga., Aug. 27, 1854, a son of Elisha W. and Martha (Webb) Walker, who were likewise born in Washington county, the former on Jan. 19, 1832, and the latter on June 12, 1831. The father served a short period as a soldier in the Confederate ranks dur ing the Civil war, but withdrew upon his election to the office of treasurer of Johnson county, an exacting position during the turbulent epoch of the war between the states. Doctor Walker took a course in the high school at Wrightsville, Johnson county, and thereafter began the work of preparing himself with all thoroughness for his chosen profession. He attended the Atlanta medical college and the Kentucky school of medicine, securing his degree of Doctor of Medicine from the former and he. has since done effective post-graduate work in leading medical schools and hospitals in New York city and Chicago. Since his graduation, he has been successfully engaged in the practice of his profession, the greater portion of the time in Waycross, where he now has a rep resentative and extended clientage. He is a member of the Ameri can medical association, the Medical Association of Georgia and the Ware county medical society. In a fraternal way, he is affili-

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ated with the Masonic fraternity, the Knights of Pythias, the Independent Order of Odd Fellows and the Benevolent and Pro tective Order of Elks. In politics he exercises his franchise and influence in support of the Demo.cratic party, and both he and his wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal church South. On Dec. 19, 1883, was solemnized the marriage of Doctor Walker to Miss Laura Singleton, daughter of Samuel and Ann (Christian) Singleton, of Eatonton, Putnam county, Ga., and they have four children, namely: John S., Robert C, Annie Laurie, and Samuel E.

JAMES WEST
James West, for many years prominently identified with the industrial and political life of Georgia, was born in Lenoir county, N. C., Jan. 18, 1811, of English and Scotch lineage. Some of his ancestors served in the colonial and Indian wars, as well as in the Revolutionary war, and several representatives of the family were in the Confederate service in the war between the states. About the year 1830 James West came to Georgia, and on June 8, 1837, was united in marriage to Miss Mary Ann Hunter, a daughter of Hardy H. Hunter, of Fort Valley. She was born in Screven county, Ga., Aug. 18, 1815. In 1857 Mr. West was elected to the state senate from the district comprising Lowndes and Thomas counties and during his term he introduced and aided in the passage of the bill to create the county of Brooks from the counties of Lowndes and Thomas. Through his influence the county was named in honor of Preston S. Brooks, who was at that time a distinguished member of Congress from South Carolina, and he named the county seat Quitman, in honor of Gen. John A. Quitman, a gallant soldier in the Mexican war. He was a member of the state, militia in the Civil war and his eldest son, Hardy H., was killed in one of the battles near Richmond, while fighting in the Confederate army. James West continued to live in Brooks
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county until 1863,, when he removed to Madison county, Fla., and settled near the Withlacoochee river, where he passed the remain der of his life. He .was an excellent farmer and adopted many new methods in advance of his time. By his progressive ideas
on agriculture and his indomitable energy, he amassed a fortune as a farmer, but it was swept away by the Civil war. He was noted for his kindness and hospitality, and especially for his humane treatment of his slaves, to whom he gave many holidays not accorded to them by other slaveholders. In all respects he was a true and typical Southern gentleman, a Democrat in his political convictions, an active and appreciative member of the time honored Masonic fraternity, and generous to a fault. Although his opportun ities to acquire an education in his youth were limited, he left an impress for good upon the people in the communities where he lived, as his influence was always exerted for the moral and physi cal uplifting of his fellow-men. His death occurred at his home in Madison county, Fla., Sept. 2, 1880. His wife died on Oct. 29, 1888. Twelve children were born to them, the names and dates of birth being as follows: Sarah E., May 30, 1838; Martha A., Dec. 14, 1839; Mary J., Dec. 4, 1841; Hardy J., Aug. 23, 1843; Laura F., March 11, 1845; Leonora J., July 6, 1847; William S., Aug. 23, 1849; Abram H., April 13, 1851; John W., Feb. 5, 1853; Robert A., Feb. 23, 1855; Eugene E., July 1, 1857; Orena I., Nov. 21, 1861. Of these children six are still living. The four surviving brothers are especially mentioned in the succeeding paragraphs, and the record of the others is as follows: Sarah E. married Dr. J. P. Y. Higdon on June 17, 1858, and he died on Oct. 1, 1895; Martha A. was married to Col. W. L. Irvine on Dec. 12, 1877, and died on Nov. i;-1888; Mary J. was married to A. H. Lane.on May 1, 1866, and is now living in Valdosta; Hardy J. was killed in battle on May 28, 1864, as above mentioned; Laura F. was married to. J. T. Peacock on Dec. 18, 1862, and is now living in Valdosta; Leonora J. died in May, 1857; Robert A. died in January, 1858; Orena I. was married to J. P. Coffee on Nov. 23, 1881, and died June 1, 1887. She was. the mother of three children, viz.: Mamie Sue, born March

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21, 1883; Lizzie Lee, born Jan. 26, 1885, and Mattie Orena, born May 29, 1887. The last named died on Oct. 6, 1887.

WILLIAM STANLEY WEST
William Stanley West, the oldest surviving son of James and Mary A. West, is a representative member of the Lowndes county bar, with residence and office. in the city of Valdosta, and is president of the Georgia state senate. He was born in Marion county, Ga., Aug. 23, 1849, was educated in Mercer university, where he graduated with the degree of Bachelor of Arts, subsequently receiving the degree of Master of Arts from the same institution, completing his education when he was about thirty-three years of age. While a student in the university he was honored with the presidency of the Ciceronian literary society and was anniversarian of that society in 1880, a fact that evinces his standing as a student and his popularity with his class-mates. In the earlier portion of his business life he was engaged in teaching, continuing in this occupation for some time after leaving college. He was then identified with saw-mill and lumbering interests, as well as some other enterprises, after which he graduated in the law department of Mercer university and was admitted to the bar upon completing his course. He located in Valdosta, where he soon demonstrated his capabilities as an attorney and counselor at law, and won a high standing at the bar. Mr. West has always taken a keen interest in public affairs, and has been for years recognized as one of the active Democratic workers in south Georgia. From 1892 to 1897 he served as a member of the lower house of the state legislature, and in 1898-99 was a member of the state senate. In 1900 he declined a return to the lower house, but was elected to that body in 1902 and served until 1904. In 1905-06 he was again returned to the state senate, without opposition, and was honored by being elected president of that body. When he first entered

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the legislature in 1892 he introduced the bill providing for a uni form system of text-books in the common schools of the state, which he regards as one of the most important measures he ever championed. While he continued to introduce this bill at each successive term of the legislature it was opposed with such stub bornness at each session that it did not finally pass both houses until 1903. He also introduced the bill looking to the erection of a new passenger station for the Western & Atlantic railroad in Atlanta. This measure he regarded as important for the preser vation of one of the states most consequential properties, and while it passed the senate it was defeated in the house after a long and spirited contest. Mr. West thinks the defeat of this measure was an irreparable loss to the state. He took great interest in the bill to establish an agricultural, industrial and nor mal college in south Georgia, which bill passed the senate in 1905 and the house in 1906. Another measure in which . he took an active interest was the bill looking to the leasing of the Western & Atlantic railroad for a term of sixty years, at not less than $60,000 per month, after the expiration of the present lease. This bill passed the senate in 1906, but failed to pass the house. Through its failure he thinks the state will ultimately suffer a great loss in its revenues. Besides the acts referred, to directly, he was also active in the support of, and influential in shaping much of the important legislation during his long service of thirteen years in the general assembly. His record as president of the senate is shown by the following extract from a letter written to him by one of his colleagues: "A word of our senate work. No senate has of my life experience done so much with no serious friction, as that over which you presided. I will write what I would hardly say in words to you, that you presided with marked and unexcelled, if ever equaled, ability, dignity and impartiality over a Georgia senate that acted on more important and far-reaching legislation than any senate since 1870-72. You made a record that will be an honor to you, your great boy, your splendid wife, and our family and people. This I say with careful measure of each word. You have nothing to regret. You can rest assured in the full recogni-

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tion of our superb administration by the people of today as well as those of tomorrow." At the close of the session of 1906 Presi dent West was presented with a handsome loving cup by the senate, and in the course of the presentation speech it was stated that he had been fair, impartial, honest, fearless and competent, and that the senate had made no mistake in electing its presiding officer. The cup is twelve inches high and five inches in diameter, and bears the inscription: "W. S. West, President of the Senate of Georgia, from the members of the session of 1905-1906." During his college days Mr. West became a member of one of the Greek let ter fraternities; he is a member of the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks, and while connected with the lumber industry joined the Concatenated Order of Hoo Hoos. In all these organ izations he has maintained a popularity based on his sterling qualifications as a man and his general good fellowship. On Nbv. 15, 1888, Mr. West was united in marriage to Miss Ora Lee Cranford, daughter of John L. and Jane (Baird) Cranford, originally of Pike county, Ga. To this union has been born one son, William S., Jr., born on April 7, 1902.

ABRAM HUNTER WEST
Abram Hunter West, another son of James and Mary A. West, was born on a plantation in Marion county, Ga., April 13, 1851. He was afforded the advantages of good schools in Quitman and Talbotton, Ga., and Lookout Mountain, Tenn. From his youth to the present time he has been identified with agricultural pur suits. He now maintains his home in the city of Jacksonville, Fla., though he still holds valuable interests in his native state. Besides his plantation interests he has been successfully engaged in merchan dising, lumbering, the manufacture of turpentine, and as an exten sive dealer in real estate, to which line of enterprise he still gives his attention. In politics he is an unswerving Democrat and has

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always manifested a keen interest in all questions touching the wel fare of the community. He is a Royal Arch Mason, and is affiliated with the Knights of Pythias and the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks. On April 27, 1904, he was united in marriage to Miss Helene Acfaie Hudnall, daughter of Henry and Rosalie V. (Hartley) Hudnall, of Mandarin, Fla.

JOHN W. WEST
John W. West, son of James and Mary A. West, was born on Feb. 5, 1853, in that part of Lowndes county now included in Brooks county. He received a good practical education in the common schools and at an early age engaged in business for him self. By his innate honesty and his upright dealings with his fellow-men he has amassed a fortune. Mindful of the struggles of his youth he has aided a number of worthy but poor young men to start in business by loaning them money on the most favorable terms, or by taking them in with: him. With his brothers he is largely interested in various enterprises in Georgia, Florida, Tennessee and Texas. He believes in patronizing home indus tries and is ever ready to exert his influence for the upbuilding of Southern institutions and industries. In 1893 he married Miss Jeannette B. Kelly, of North Carolina, and they have two children living: Mary N. and James W. and two dead John Walter and Walton Kelly.

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EUGENE E. WEST
Eugene E. West, the youngest surviving son of James and Mary A. West, is a well known resident of Jacksonville, Fla. He was born in Brooks county, Ga., July 1, 1857. His education was obtained in the schools of his native state and in early manhood he became associated with his brothers in various business enter prises, the association in many lines still continuing. On Feb. 28, 1889, he was married to Miss Louise Frances Brady, a daughter of John W. and Louisa A. (Lourcey) Brady, who lived near St. Augustine, Fla. To this union have been born five children, and herewith is given their respective names with dates of birth: Edgar E,, Oct. 16, 1890; Joseph Hunter, Feb. 12, 1892; Ethel Orena, July 12,1894; Ella Louise, April 2, 1896 ; Lois Evelyn, June 18, 1903. Ethel Orena died on Sept. 5, 1895, and Ella Louise on Nov. 3, 1902. The other children are still living. Mr. West is a member of the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks; the Travelers Protective Association; the Concatenated Order of Hoo Hoos; the Seminole club, of Jacksonville, and the Osceola club, of St. Augustine, Fla. In politics he is a stanch Democrat, but has never sought nor held office. He has been in politics solely for the best interests of his state and county ever since he was eighteen years of age, and has always done his part in securing the election of good men to office.
The sons of James and Mary A. West are fortunate in the fact that they had a father who taught them that truth and honesty, as well as energy and industry, is the road to success. From their worthy mother the boys learned politeness and kindness, and grew up with an affectionate regard for each other. In boyhood they became known as the "West Brothers," and while they are not always associated in business they have never forgotten the precepts of their honored parents. If trouble assails one of these brothers the others are ready and willing to fly to his relief. In

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periods of industrial depression, in seasons of financial panics that sometimes prevail, they practically hold their interests in common, although each may be conducting an individual enterprise. Their early lives were passed during the dark days of the Civil war and the troublous times that followed it. Their fathers fortune had been engulfed in the great internecine strife and they began the battle of life barehanded. Industry, frugality and honesty con stituted their only capital, but this capital has been amply increased through exemplary lives and correct habits. William S. secured a university education mainly through his own efforts, but the other brothers obtained only a fair education, not having the necessary means to attend college, and preferring to engage in business while young. Solomon wrote: "Seest thou a man diligent in business; he shall stand before kings, he shall not stand before mean men." This aphorism would certainly apply to the gentle men whose names are included in this article. All are Democrats in their political views and during the reconstruction era that fol lowed the war between the states each one did what he could to rid the South of the obnoxious governments foisted upon the states by the national administration. In the West family may be found an example worthy of the highest emulation. Patriotic and law abiding, they have ever been active in the promotion of men and measures best calculated to subserve the public weal; intensely loyal to each other, they have been successful through their mutual interest and their readiness to assist one another when assistance was needed; having learned by experience the struggles incident to poverty, they have always been ready to extend a helping hand to any worthy man who might be flounder ing in the slough of adversity; imbued with the teaching of their mother, they have been generous contributors to meritorious charities, and true to the memory of their honored father they have kept the name of West free from any stain.

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JOHN R. WHITE
John R. White, president of the National bank of Athens, an honored veteran of the Confederate service in the Civil war, and known as one of the representative citizens of Clarke county, was born in that county, Jan. 11, 1847. He maintains his home at Whitehall, an attractive village located five miles south of Athens, and is a son of John and Jeanette (Richards) White, both of whom were born and reared in County Antrim, Ireland, re presentatives of stanch old families of the fair Emerald Isle, where they were married and whence they immigrated to America in 1836. Having had excellent technical experience and training, Mr. White forthwith took charge of the cotton mills of the Geor gia Manufacturing Company, at Whitehall, which were among the oldest in the state, dating their establishment back to 1829. In 1854 he erected a mill of his own, and operated it for a number of years. In 1866 he organized the National bank of Athens, of which he was president for a term of years. He was one of the prominent and honored citizens of that section of the state and was a resident of Whitehall at the time of his death, which occurred in 1881, his widow passing away in 1893, at a venerable age. John R. White, the immediate subject of this sketch, secured his early educational training in private schools in Athens, after which he entered the University of Georgia, from which he withdrew in 1862, at the age of sixteen years, to tender his services in defense of the cause of the Confederacy. He became a private in Company F, Third regiment, Georgia state troops, with which he served several months. Later he was a member of Company A, Adams battalion and was on duty with that command during Shermans memorable march through Georgia, serving both in this state and in South Carolina. Since the war he has had a successful career as a manufacturer and banker. He is president of the Georgia Manufacturing Company, owning and operating the pioneer cotton

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mills of Whitehall; president of the Whitehall yarn mills and of the

Athens foundry and machine works, the Athens Compress Com

pany and the National bank of Athens, being also a member of the

directorate of the Southern Mutual Insurance Company. Another

publication has spoken of Mr. White as follows: "His career is

a striking exemplification of the fact that the Confederate boys; of

1861-5 are amply qualified to build up a new south of industrial

supremacy upon the ruins of the old system that was destroyed by

war. He is deeply interested in everything touching the Confed

eracy which he served." Mr. White is a Democrat in his political

allegiance but has never been an aspirant for office, having de

clined nomination for the state senate in 1904. He and his wife

are members of the Presbyterian church. .On April 25, 1882, Mr.

White was united in marriage to Miss Lillie Paine, daught-er of

Capt. James G. and Fannie R. Paine, of Newton county, Ga. Her

father was a member of the staff of Gen. N. B. Forrest in the Civil

war and was a son of the honored Bishop Paine, of Mississippi.

Mr. and Mrs. White have four children, namely: John R.> Jr.,

Hugh W., Robert P. and Sallie Fannie,,

:

JOSEPH BROWN WHITEHEAD
Joseph Brown Whitehead, late president of the Atlanta, and Western Coca-Cola Bottling Companies, and otherwise prominently identified with the business interests of Georgias capital city, was born at Oxford, Lafayette county, Miss., Feb. 28, 1864. He was a son of Rev. Richard Hugh and Mary Amanda (Conkey) Whitehead, the former born in Carroll county, Miss., in 1836, and the latter at Bigbyville, Maury county, Tenn., in 1835. Rev. Rich ard H. Whitehead was for many years engaged in .active minis terial work as a clergyman of the Baptist church. At the outbreak of the Civil war he enlisted in the Confederate service and continued in defense of the southern cause until physical disability com-

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pelled him to retire from the army. Zebina Curtis Conkey, a maternal grandfather of the subject of this sketch, was a soldier in the War of 1812. He was captured by the British and held for a short time in a Canadian prison, after which he was released by exchange. Rev. Joseph Brown, maternal great-grandfather of Mr. Whitehead, was actively concerned in breaking up the Indian raids in the State of Tennessee during the pioneer days and in more than one instance compelled the red men to sue for peace. In recognition of his efforts in this connection he was made a colonel and his name is prominently mentioned in the histories of Tennessee. Col. James Brown, father of Rev. Joseph Brown, was a soldier in the North.Carolina line in the Revolutionary war and piloted Gen. Nathaniel Greene in a number of his masterly maneuvers about the Dan and Deep rivers. For his. bravery and effective service as a guide he was promoted from the ranks, and a tract of land in Tennessee was granted to him by the government. While making his way to this land in a small boat he was massa cred by Indians near Knoxville, Tenn. He married Jane Gillespie, whose two brothers were officers in the Continental army during the Revolution, and were prominent in the colonial and early state history of North Carolina. Jane Gillespie was a descendant of that Gillespie family of Scotland, of which several members were noted in the religious and educational history of that country. Joshua Conkey, another great-great-grandfather of Mr. Whitehead, was an ensign in the American army during the Revolution, and his father, James Conkey, likewise served with the Continental forces in the struggle for independence. James and Joshua Conkey are buried in an ancient cemetery at Canton, N. Y. Joseph B. Whitehead was educated at the University of Mississippi, where he graduated with the degree of Bachelor of Laws in the class of 1888. Soon after receiving his degree he went to Chattanooga, Tenn., where he was admitted to the bar and began the practice of his profession. He rose rapidly as an attorney, and while a resident of Chattanooga he held several important public positions. In 1901 he removed to Atlanta and became associated with the CocaCola Bottling Company. In a short time he demonstrated his

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capability as a business man and rose rapidly until he occupied the important position of secretary and treasurer of the company. In addition to this he became president of the Atlanta and Western Bottling Company; was president at the time of his death of the Bowden Lithia Springs Company, and treasurer of the Ponce de Leon Park Company. He was a stanch adherent of the Demo cratic party; was a member of the Delta Kappa Epsilon college fraternity, the Knights of Pythias, the Capital City and Atlanta Athletic clubs, and belonged to the Ponce de Leon Baptist church. Mr. Whiteheads death occurred on Monday morning, Aug. 27, 1906, at Thaxton, Va., after an illness of little more than a week, pneumonia being the cause of his demise. The Atlanta Journal, in commenting on the sad event, pays this tribute to him as a man and a citizen: "He was recognized as one of the most cap able and reliable business men of Atlanta, and his death has deprived the city of one of its stanchest and most valuable citizens. He was a man who took a deep interest in all religious affairs, and was one of the chief supporters and best known members of the Pbnce de Leon Avenue Baptist church." On Nov. 8, 1894, Mr. Whitehead was united in marriage to Miss Lettie Pate, daughter of Maj. Cornelius and Elizabeth (Stagg) Pate, of Bedford, Va., and it was while on a vacation to his wifes home that he was summoned from his labors on earth to his eternal rest. Mrs. Whitehead and two sons, Joseph Brown and Conkey Whitehead, survive the beloved husband and father, and in their bereavement received the sympathy of a large circle of friends.

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JOHN ROBERT WILKINSON
John Robert Wilkinson, ordinary and judge of the court of ordi nary of Fulton county, is a well known and honored citizen of Atlanta and one of the most prominent representatives of the Ma sonic fraternity in the South. He was born at Newnan, Coweta county, Ga., June 20, 1856, a son of Maj. Urial Baylis Wilkinson and Amelia T. (Spratlin) Wilkinson, whose marriage was solem nized, in Greenville, Ga., Jan. 23, 1845. Major Wilkinson was born in Wilkes county, Ga., May 13, 1819, and died at Newnan, Coweta county, Dec. 21, 1897. His wife was born in Wilkes county, April 17, 1829, and died at College Park, Fulton county, in May, 1894. Maj. Urial B. Wilkinson was a son of Thomas B. and Lucy (Crosby) Wilkinson, the latter a daughter of Urial Crosby. His paternal grandfather, Thomas Wilkinson, was a resident of York, Va., and the direct line of descent is traced back from the latter through Lawrence Wilkinson, a son of William Wilkinson, who married a daughter of Sir John Conyers and settled in Providence, R. I., in the early colonial era. Amelia T. Wilkinson was a daughter of Henry and Mary (Johnson) Spratlin, and a granddaughter of James and Martha (Callaway) Spratlin, the maternal line of Callaway being traced back to Caleb Callaway, 1660, and through the Hills, of Washington, Wilkes county, to Abraham Hill, who was born in Northumberland county, Va., in 1698, a son of Henry Hill, who was born in 1650. Both branches of Judge Wilkinsons family trace to English origin. Maj. Urial Wilkinson was prominently identified with public and political affairs in both Heard and Coweta counties from the time of attaining his legal majority. He was cool, far-seeing, clear-headed, a safe adviser and a good organizer. Few men had more influence in giving direction to and controlling elections in the counties in which he lived. He never sought public office, yet he was frequently called upon by his fellow citizens to fill positions of honor and trust. In his early manhood he was chosen

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justice of the peace; he also served as judge of the inferior court in Heard county; as clerk of the court of ordinary of said county in 1849; and later in life was judge of .the court of ordinary in Coweta county. At the inception of the Civil war he enlisted in the Confed erate service, but soon afterward Gov. Joseph E. Brown appointed him commissioner of the Confederate States, under impressment act of the Confederate Congress, He was also depositary of the Confederate government, having been appointed to this office by the secretary of the treasury of the Confederacy. In 1880 he was elected to represent Coweta county in the state legislature, poll ing the largest vote ever given in said county up to that time. He was untiring in his labors while in the legislature, and during a session of one hundred and sixteen days was not once absent from his seat, while he drafted and presented many of the most important bills presented in the house during his term. Major Wilkinson was a consistent and zealous member of the Baptist church, with which he identified himself in 1838. In 1851 he was ordained a deacon, and for nearly forty years he served as clerk of the Western Baptist association of Georgia. He built the military school at Manchester, Fulton; county, but died before the institution had been formally :e,sM4isHed. Judge John R. Wilkinson, -immediate subject of! tSvisys. ketch, secured his early education iii tlie schools of Newflan^ Coweta county. In the autumn of 1874 he matriculated in Mercer university, as a sophomore and continued his studies in that institution through about one-half of the junior year, when he was compelled to abandon his college work by reason of the weak condition of his eyes. In 1876 he was elected cashier of the Peoples bank at Newnan and retained this position eight years, at the expiration of which, in 1884, he removed to Atlanta, having been previously engaged for a short time in the mercantile business in Newnan. After taking up his residence in Atlanta he became identified with the wholesale paper and paperproducts business, disposing of his interests in this line of enter prise in 1887. Judge Wilkinson has been a stanch and zealous worker in the cause of the Democratic party. In 1890-91 he served as deputy clerk of the city council of Atlanta, and in 1900 he was

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elected ordinary of Fulton county and judge of the court of ordin ary, being chosen as his own successor in 1904, for a second term of four years. He and his wife are valued members of the First Baptist church, with which denomination he has been identified since 1868, when he joined the church at Newnan. In 1904 he was ordained a deacon of the First Baptist church of Atlanta. Judge Wilkinson has attained the maximum degree in the Masonic frater nity and has held distinguished preferment in the various bodies of the order. He is past master of Gate City Lodge, No. 2, Free and Accepted Masons; past high priest of Mount Zion Chapter, No. 16, Royal Arch Masons; past thrice illustrious master of Jason Burr Council, No. 13, Royal and Select Masters; past eminent com mander of Atlanta Commandery, No. 9, Knights Templars; is chief rabban of Yaarab Temple, Ancient Arabic Order, Nobles of the Mystic Shrine; and secretary of the board of the Masonic Tem ple Company, all of Atlanta. In October, 1901, he received the thirty-third or highest degree of the Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite, in Washington, D. C., and was made special deputy of the Rite for Atlanta. In the national capital, in 1901, he was also elected chancellor of the body of Knights Commander of the Court of Honor, was reflected in 1903 and is now the incumbent of the office. In 1903 the Royal Order of Scotland was conferred upon him. In 1905 he was elected grand royal-arch captain of the Georgia grand chapter of Royal Arch Masons, and in the same year he was chosen grand conductor of the grand council of the state. He is grand representative of Quebec near the grand chap ter of Georgia; grand representative of Mississippi near the grand council of Georgia; and grand representative of Maryland near the grand commander of Knights Templars of Georgia. On Nov. 26, 1878, Judge Wilkinson was united in marriage to Miss Annie Wade Wood, daughter of Capt.Winston B. and Maria L. (Dent) Wood, of Newnan. Of this union have been born four children, of whom two are living William Barrett, born in 1881, and Harry Eugene, born in 1891. Grady Wade and John R., Jr., died in infancy.

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CHARLES HENRY WILLCOX
Charles Henry Willcox, a representative citizen and business man of Savannah, was born in Bristol, R. I., July 1, 1836, a son of Charles and Mary C. (Bourne) Willcox, both of whom were born in Sandwich, Mass., the former in 1797 and the latter in 1806. The respective families were early founded in New England and representatives of each were found enrolled as patriot soldiers in the war of the Revolution, including both grandfathers of him whose name initiates this sketch. Charles Henry Willcox was reared and educated in the state of Massachusetts and he became a resident of South Carolina in 1856. When the Civil war was precipitated he was among the first to offer his services in defense of the cause of the Confederacy. In January, 1861, he enlisted as a private in the Beaufort artillery, with which he took part in the engagement at Port Royal, where he was wounded, but he continued with his command and participated in the various other engagements along the coast until he was promoted to the office of quartermaster, in 1862, thereafter serving in this capacity until the close of the war, receiving his parole at Greensboro, N. C. Mr. Willcox took up his residence in Savannah, Ga., in the year 1881, and in addition to having valuable plantation interests in South Carolina, he has been president of the Savannah Guano Company for the past quarter of a century. He is senior partner in the firm of Willcox, Ives & Co., which was organized in 1881 and which has a finely equipped plant in Savannah, affording em ployment to a corps of from 150 to 300 persons. He is also a mem ber of the Willcox-Ives Oil Company and was formerly one of the chief stockholders and general manager of the Standard Fuel Sup ply Company, which was organized in 1900. Mr. Willcox is a stanch supporter of the principles of the Democratic party, but for many years past he has not been an active factor in political affairs. He has been tendered nomination for various offices of public trust

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but has not responded favorably to such overtures, preferring to devote his undivided attention to his various business interests. On Feb. 2, 1873, Mr. Willcox was united in marriage to Miss Ella F. Miles, daughter of the late Louis Miles, of Edgefield, S. C, and they have five children Charles L., Mary E., Myra A., Arthur Lyman, and Albert Miles. Mary E. is the wife of W. T. Beckham and Myra A. is the wife of D. Y. Beckham.

JESSE PARKER WILLIAMS
Jesse Parker Williams, of Savannah, Ga., stands in the front rank of those sons of the South who by strong mentality, indomitable industry, sterling integrity and sagacious foresight have accum ulated large fortunes and lead in the development of this section of the country. His work has been that of an up-builder, an organ izer of industry, a planner of new business movements. His efforts have been exerted along carefully considered lines, with definite objects in view, and have been unceasing until suc cess has crowned them. Knowing no discouragement, confident of the ultimate fruition of his hopes, Mr. Williams has pressed for ward undaunted where other men, with less confidence and deter mination, would have fallen back and abandoned their projects. As with other leaders who, in this generation, have been instru mental in organizing anew the great vital forces of the South, Mr. Williams stands as an example to the young men of Georgia, as an evidence of the rich rewards awaiting intelligence and energy when properly applied. He has thoroughly demonstrated the truth of the old adage that opportunities lie at every mans door, and that success is merely the harvest that comes from the skilful use of them. The foundations of Mr. Williams fortune were laid without the aid of influential friends. He began his business career facing the adverse conditions created by the Civil war, with no capital beyond his brains, his industry, and a reputation for strict integrity
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in all things that entitled him to the confidence of the commercial world. On this safe basis he builded, slowly at first, then more rapidly as the arena of his operations broadened, until to-day he stands the peer of any business man in the South, a recognized exponent of all that is best in the commercial activities of his state and section. There is nothing in Mr. Williams success that is to be attributed to "chance." He has never played the part of a mere speculator, has never sought to build up his prosperity at the ex pense of others. The trend of his business life has been toward helping others while promoting his own interests, to keep before him the public weal as well as his private aims. Every man who has assisted in the carrying out of his plans has profited in pro portion to the efforts he has put forth. To-day scores of men in the South who are prosperous in busirjess acknowledge their debt of gratitude to Mr. Williams. This is probably the most satis factory feature of his entire career. In a day when the finger of condemnation is pointed at so many fortunes acquired by immoral, even if not unlawful, means, it is a satisfaction to dwell on the fact that Mr. Williams entire life stands as an open book for the scru tiny of the world. He has not profited by the ruin or injury of others, or by schemes that were doubtful in character, but has walked steadfastly along the safe old lines of business probity and straight dealing with his fellowmen. Mr. Williams life exempli fies those sterling traits of character which so strongly marked the original stock of the "Old Dominion" and the "Old North State." For generations back his ancestors were among the sturdy sons of Virginia and North Carolina. Disciplined in the rugged life of the pioneer, honoring that which is pure and true, full of vigor and strength and courage, stanch in their adherence to principle, they bred a race of men well calculated to withstand the stress of war and of evil days of which the South was to enter. Mr. Williams was born in Wayne county, N. C., sixty-four years ago. His father, Mack Williams, a native of that state, was the son of Charles Wil liams, a captain of North Carolina cavalry in the war of 1812. His great-grandfather, George Williams, was a Virginia soldier of the Revolution. On the maternal side also Mr."Williams is descended

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from an old and distinguished Virginia family, the Parkers, a family whose name often appears in the annals of the state, in war as well as in peace. His grandmother, Elizabeth Parker, was born in Nansemond county, Va., removing to North Carolina after her marriage. From both sides Mr. Williams doubtless inherited the love of military life which displayed itself in the struggle between the states. As with so many thousands of the youth of the South, Mr. Williams higher education was broken into by that sanguinary conflict. He had finished a two years course (1858-59) at the Franklin military institute, and become a student at the University of Virginia, when the news of the attack on Fort Sumter swept a whirlwind of enthusiasm over North Carolina and her sister states. Books were cast aside at once. Returning home immediately he enlisted as a private in the Twentieth North Carolina infantry and served in that capacity for a year. While at home on a furlough Private Williams organized a company and tendered it to the gov ernor of North Carolina. Its services were at once accepted and he was commissioned its captain. This company then became part of the Fifty-fifth North Carolina infantry. After serving the Con federacy in this position for a year Captain Williams resigned his command, about March 1, 1863, and returned home. After a short rest he was appointed adjutant of Nethercotts battalion of Part isan Rangers. After a few months service this office was resigned and Captain Williams organized another company at Kenston, N. C., received his commission as its commanding officer, and served with it until the close of hostilities. This company was made a part of Nethercotts battalion, which was afterwards consolidated with Wrights battalion and formed the Sixty-sixth regiment of North Carolina infantry. During his four years service in the Confederate army, which terminated with the surrender of Johnstons army, .Captain Williams was engaged in numerous skirmishes and battles in North Carolina and Virginia. He enjoyed the con fidence of his superior officers and of the men under his command. At Washington, Walthall Junction, the second Cold Harbor, Peters burg, Fort Harrison, Wilmington, Wises Fork and Bentonville his company fought valiantly. Its losses were heavy and at the-

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surrender there was but a fragment of its original strength to lay down arms and return to the paths of peace. At Petersburg, from June 15 to September 6, his company lay in the trenches within 136 yards of the Federals in Fort Stedman, probably being the nearest to the enemy along the whole Confederate line of entrench ments. At other battle points Captain Williams and his men were similarly honored with positions of great danger and never failed to reflect credit upon themselves and North Carolina by the un flinching performance of their duty in the face of great odds. In the period of military service, as in the forty years of business struggles that were to follow, Captain Williams displayed the same traits of character cool determination, sagacious planning, un daunted courage, and a high moral sense of personal responsibility. The years of warfare were a fitting preparation for the four decades of progressive business life on which he at once entered when the sword was laid down at Greensboro. There was no time for idle ness for Captain Williams after hostilities ceased. He accepted a position as bookkeeper for a firm at Conway, S. C., and remained there for two years. In 1868 he engaged in the lumber business at Port Haralson, S. C., and two years later in the mercantile line at the same place. Inside of ten years Captain Williams, as he is still generally known to his friends, had secured a firm financial footing, had established a credit that was never impaired, and had reached that point in his career where he could safely enter broader fields and undertake business on a larger scale than heretofore. To that end he removed to Savannah, Ga., in 1879, and on December 10 entered the naval stores commission business there, later combin ing the handling of cotton with that of naval stores. For twentysix years he has continued in this line, the firm now being the oldest naval stores commission house in the South. At first the firm was Williams & Watson. Two years later, in 1882, the late C. L. Chessnutt succeeded to Mr. Watsons interest, the firm name becoming J. P. Williams & Co. Soon after this Mr. J. A. G. Carson succeeded Mr. Chessnutt. The firm name remained unchanged until 1897 when the concern was incorporated as The J. P. Williams Company. At the advent of Mr. Carson a wholesale grocery business was

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added, this house being the first naval stores firm to add that im portant branch to its business, an example the others soon followed. The development of the business was steady, every year seeing a decided increase in the volume of naval stores and cotton handled. For the past twenty years the house has been recognized as fore most in its line. Even in the face of the strongest competition, such as has marked recent years, there has been a constant expan sion of its business and a strengthening of its commanding trade position. The firm name stands as a synonym for fair dealings and for strict adherence torigid probity in every transaction. The absolute confidence felt in it by the producing trade is the strong est testimonial that could be desired as to the principles espoused by Mr. Williams and his business associates. As a far seeing business man Mr. Williams appreciated the fact that the rapid destruction of the pine timber of the South must soon result in an enormous appreciation of timber land values. He accordingly be came a large investor in such properties. To that end he organized the Williams Investment Company and The J. P. Williams Land Company. These two companies have handled in all over 700,000 acres of pine lands. The former has been liquidated, the latter continues in active business, controlling large and increasingly valuable tracts. Enormous profits have resulted from Mr. Williams keen appreciation of the future results of the naval stores and lum ber inroads on the pine forests. Through the instrumentality of these land companies his house has also been in position to protect the interests of its customers among naval stores producers, pro viding them with timber lands when their farms were exhausted. The opportunity to buy timber lands cheap was open to all, but it was the sagacious foresight, the penetrating intelligence of men like Mr. Williams that led them to seize the possibilities and utilize them to their own and others benefit. The control of large areas of timber lands in the natural course of events led Mr. Williams into the railroad sphere. He was one of the chief promoters of the Middle Georgia & Atlantic railroad, which became merged into the Central of Georgia railway. The successful completion of this road was largely due to Mr. Williams efforts. His experience in

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this enterprise was of value to him later. About eight years ago he began the construction of what is now known as the Georgia, Florida & Alabama railroad, but which for several years was operated as the Georgia Pine. Originally constructed from Bainbridge to Arlington, this road has been extended by degrees until it is now 170 miles in length, from Carrabelle, Fla., to Cuthbert, Ga., with a steamship line from Carrabelle to Apalachicola, and a branch rail line to Quincy, Fla. Plans have been completed for further extensions of this railroad enterprise, which will give it a better outlet and assist materially in the development of the virgin territory through which it now runs. The expansion of the busi ness of the Georgia, Florida & Alabama railroad has been little short of phenomenal. Striking boldly out into an entirely new section, confidentthat he had.correctly estimated the possibilities it offered as a naval stores, lumber and agricultural district, .Mr. Williams has had his predictions abundantly justified by actual results. The railroad, of which he is president, the main owner and the dominating spirit, has enjoyed a growing and profitable business almost from its opening. The country through which it runs is rapidly filling up with settlers, a liberal policy marking Mr. Williams management of its destinies, and the entire territory it has opened up gives promise of becoming one of the garden spots of the South. At Carrabelle Mr. Williams enterprise is developing one of the most promising harbors of the South, pos sessing wonderful natural advantages, and the commerce of which is growing with rapid strides. While much of Mr. Williams time in late years has been occupied in the promotion of this railroad he has not allowed it to entirely absorb his business life. In Savannah he has held positions of honor and responsibility. One term he served as an alderman of the city. When a tank company was organized for the protection of the producers of naval stores Mr. Williams was elected its president. In the Savannah cotton exchange he has rendered valuable service as director, vice-presi dent and president. One of the organizers of the Savannah board of trade, he served it as a director for some years, then as vicepresident, declining the presidency because of the pressure of busi-

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ness. In the advancement of Savannahs interests he assisted in the organization of the Tybee Hotel Company and the Tybee Island Beach Company. In the banking life of the city he has also shown his public spirit. Assisting in the organization of the National bank of Savannah and of the Oglethorpe Savings and Trust Company, he served the former as director for a number of years, and is still a director of the latter institution. He is also a director of the Savannah Trust Company and of the Central Trust and Banking Corporation of Atlanta. Despite the continued claims on his time by the numerous business engagements of so active a commercial career, Mr. Williams has not failed in his duty toward the moral and spiritual side of life. An active mem ber of the Methodist Episcopal church he has liberally assisted its various benevolences. In its educational work he has taken a prominent part in connection with Emory college at Oxford, Ga., serving as chairman of the trustees of that institution for some years, and has given unstintedly of his time and means to its ad vancement. Three of the finest and most modern buildings at Emory are largely the result of his personal efforts and financial aid. In Savannah he has been chairman of the Trustees of the Young Mens Christian Association and to him is mainly due the credit for the initiation of the building project which is now giving to the association one of the finest homes for work of this character in the South. He is also president of the North Carolina society of Savannah and a Mason of many years standing. Mr. Williams has been twice married, his first wife being Miss Olivia Rowena Outland, of South Carolina, and his second wife, who still lives, Miss Cora B. Taylor, also of that state. He has a beautiful home in Savannah and is erecting a commodious mansion at Statesboro, Ga., for occasional use. Although in his sixty-fourth year Mr. Williams to-day is as alert as in his younger manhood, has the same keen interest in the manifold activities of his life, and finds the sphere of his usefulness to his fellow men broadening with each year. Appreciating that wealth judiciously used for the development of the country is wealth well applied, he is devoting large sums to the promotion of his railroad, pursuing a broad,

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generous policy toward all of the interests with which he comes in contact. His remaining years promise to be full of usefulness and to add to the well earned reputation that nearly a half century of honorable business achievements have won for him.

WILLIAM WAYNE WILLIAMSON
William Wayne Williamson, senior member of the firm of Williamson & Rauers, shipping, freighting and commission agents, Savannah, was born in that city, Sept. 1, 1854, his ancestors, as represented in the Williamson, Wayne, Gordon and McQueen families, having been prominently identified with the early history of Savannah. In early manhood, when about eighteen years of age, Mr. Williamson joined the Savannah Volunteer Guards, and after filling every minor grade he finally, in 1901, became the major and active commanding officer of this time-honored organ ization. During his military career of thirty-two years he has been actively concerned in many military affairs. For four years he was captain of the celebrated Georgia state team of marksmen in the contests at Sea Girt, N. J. He is well known in business circles and the firm of which he is a member controls a large and important business, being Savannah agents for the Hansa line of steamers to Bremen and Hamburg and the North German Lloyd line to Bremen. He has twice served as president of the Savannah cotton exchange and is at the present time president of the Savan nah chamber of commerce, a director of the Savannah National bank, one of the commissioners of pilotage and the incumbent of other positions of executive trust. In 1904 Mr. Williamson mar ried Miss Corinne Heyward, of South Carolina. They have no children.

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WILLIAM ALFRED WINBURN
William Alfred Winburn, of Savannah, second vice-president of the Central of Georgia Railway Company, has been identified with railroad affairs from his early youth and has risen through the various grades of promotion by reason of the effective service he has rendered. He was born in Gainesville, Hall county, Ga., Oct. 19, 1863, a son of James B. M. and Mary Prince (Montgomery) Winburn, the former born in Jefferson, Jackson county, Ga., Oct. 9, 1835, and the latter at Anderson, county seat of Anderson county, S. C. Mr. Winburn secured his early educational training in the common schools of his native town and.in 1880, at the age of seventeen years, he there identified himself with the railway service, in a clerical capacity in the local depot. From 1881 to 1883 he was a clerk in the division freight office of the A. & C. Air Line railroad, in the city of Atlanta; thereafter served until 1886 as clerk in the division freight and passenger office of the Western North Carolina railroad, at Salisbury, N. C.; in 1887 held a similar office at Asheville, that state; from 1887 to 1891 was division freight and passenger agent of the Richmond & Danville railroad, at Asheville; in 1892 was clerk in the general managers office of the Columbus Southern railway, at Columbus, Ga.; and later in the office of the traffic manager of the Central of Georgia, in Savannah; from 1893 to 1901 was general freight agent of the Central of Georgia, in Savannah, where he has since main tained his headquarters ; in 1901-2 he was traffic manager of the same system, and since that time has been second vice-president of the company, in charge of its traffic, and being one of the well known and popular railway officials of his native state. Mr. Winburn is a Democrat in his political allegiance, is a communicant of the Protestant Episcopal church and is identified with various social and fraternal organizations. On July 11, 1888, was solemnized

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his marriage to Miss Anne Cole Smith, daughter of Pressley N. and Sue (Cole) Smith, of Salisbury, N. C, and they have three children William Alfred, Jr., Sue Cole and James Randall.

PARK WOODWARD
Park Woodward, general manager of the city water works of Atlanta, is one of the sterling citizens whose name is familiar to practically all residents of the beautiful capital city, where he has served in various official capacities. He has also been prominently identified with newspaper work here and with military affairs in the state, being now retired with the rank of colonel. He was a gallant soldier of the Confederacy in the Civil war and in all the relations of life has so borne himself as to merit and retain the confidence and good will of his fellow men. Colonel Woodward was born in Blufftbn, Beaufort county, S. C., May 4, 1847, a son of Rev. Alsop Park and Elizabeth Catherine (Pope) Woodward, the. former born in Orange county, N. Y., in 1804, and the latter on St. Helena island, S. C., March 2, 1818. His father, who was a clergyman of the Episcopal church, was fifty-four years of age at the time of his death, which occurred on Daufuskie Isl and, S. C., in November, 1858. The mother of the subject of this review died on May 29, 1904, and was laid to rest in Oakland ceme tery, Atlanta. In the paternal line Colonel Woodward is descended from Richard Woodward, of Ipswich, England, who came to America in 1634, and settled at Watertown, Mass., whence certain of his descendants later removed to Orange county, N. Y. Through this ancestor, by intermarriages, Colonel Woodward is descended from such well known families as the Danas, Alsops, Vails, Stillwells and that of Park. His great-grandfather, Benjamin Vail, was a Revolutionary soldier, having been a captain in the New York regiment commanded by Colonel Hathron, and was killed in the engagement at Minnisink, on the Delaware river, while gal-

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lantly leading his company, July 22, 1779. Through his mother Colonel Woodward traces his lineage to many distinguished sources. He is descended from Col. Nathaniel Pope, gentleman, of England, who came to America in 1635, settling in Maryland, where records still extant indicate that he was one of the twentyfour framers of the "Grand Inquest," and he removed, with his nine menials, to Westmoreland county, Va., where he was com missioned lieutenant-colonel of the colony, April 4, 1655. In the family line also were Capt. William Pope, who served under Gen. Francis Marion in the war of the Revolution; Hon. William Pope, of South Carolina, who was state senator for many years, and Col. John Ashe, gentleman, of Callison, S. C., who came from Devon shire, England, and took up his residence in Carolina in 1683. He was a member of the assembly of the provinces in 1701-3, and was sent by the people as agent to lay their grievances before the lords proprietors, sailing for England in 1703 and dying, in Lon don, in August of that year. He was succeeded by his son John in the assembly of 1704. Col. Park Woodward was a student of Oglethorpe university and the South Carolina military institute. In June, 1863, at the age of sixteen years, he tendered his services to the Confederate government, becoming a private in the Terrell Artillery, of Columbus, Ga., which became known as Brooks bat tery. He joined the command at Whites Bluff, near Savannah, and the battery was thence sent to Fort McAllister, where it re mained until the time of Shermans attack on Savannah. Colonel Woodward was present at the siege of Savannah, took part in the battle at Bentonville, N. C., and in other engagements of-minor importance, in that state, his battery having been attached to Hardees corps in North Carolina after the fall of Savannah. He continued in service until the close of the war, and was paroled, at Greensboro, N. C., May 5, 1865. His military career since the war may be summed up briefly in his service record, as follows: First lieutenant and adjutant of the Fourth battery, Georgia state troops; lieutenant-colonel of the Fifth Georgia infantry, and later colonel of the same regiment, from which he was retired with that rank. Colonel Woodward was business manager of the Atlanta

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Daily Herald from 1874, until February, 1876, when it suspended publication. He was thereafter one of the proprietors of the At lanta Daily Courier for a brief period, disposing of his interest in the same to accept the position of bookkeeper in the office of the Atlanta Constitution, which position he held until 1879, when he was appointed chief deputy United States marshal of Georgia. This office he held until 1883, when he was appointed deputy clerk of the superior court of Fulton county, serving until 1884, after which he was assistant postmaster of Atlanta until 1889, when he was chosen city clerk and remained in tenure of this office until 1896, since which time he has served continuously and most ef ficiently as general superintendent of the Atlanta water works. He is an uncompromising Democrat, is identified with the United Confederate Veterans; is affiliated with the Masonic fraternity, in which he is specially prominent in the chivalric body, having had the distinction of serving as grand commander of the Georgia grand commandery of Knights Templars, and is also a member of Yaarab Temple, Ancient Arabic Order, Nobles of the Mystic Shrine. He also holds membership in the Capital City club, the Atlanta Athletic club, and Piedmont Driving club, as well as the Independent Order of Odd Fellows. He was formerly a commu nicant of the Protestant Episcopal church but now holds member ship in the Christian church. On Feb. 1, 1876, Colonel Woodward was united in marriage to Miss Kate Schley Howell, daughter of Hon. Clark Howell and Mary Davis (Hook) Howell, of Atlanta, and the children of this union are as follows: Clark Howell, Mary Davis, Elizabeth Pope, Martha Kate, Daniel Hook, and Harry Stockdell.

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BOYKIN WRIGHT
Boykin Wright, former attorney-general of the state of Georgia and present representative of Richmond county in the state legisla ture, is one of the most prominent and influential members of the bar of the city of Augusta, where he controls a large and important practice. He was born on the homestead plantation in Newton county, Ga., May 20, 1852, a son of Franklin and Salina Frances (Robinson) Wright, the former born in Putnam county, Ga., Dec. 12, 1821, and the latter in Jasper county, June 16, 1831. The father was a planter during his active career and for a number of years past has lived retired in Savannah and Atlanta, .having passed the age of four score years. His cherished and devoted wife was summoned into eternal rest on Feb. 20, 1905. Of their children four are living: Robert F., assistant commissioner of agriculture of the State of Georgia; Boykin; Adelaide, wife of James B. Chestnut of Savannah; and Jeanne, wife of Frank Welden, of Atlanta. Franklin Wright is a son of Robert Wright, who was five years of age at the time of his parents removal from Orange county, Va., to Greene county, Ga., the latter having been a son and namesake of Robert Wright, who was a valiant soldier in the continental line dur ing the war of the Revolution, after the close of which he removed to Georgia, as above implied. Cornelius Rob inson, maternal grandfather of Boykin Wright, was likewise a soldier in the Revolution. Boykin Wright passed his boyhood days on the home plantation, and in 1868 was matriculated in Emory college, Oxford, Ga., where he remained until the close of his junior year. Liter he entered the law department of the University of Georgia, and was graduated as a member of the class of 1875, which has furnished many prominent and distin guished men of affairs to the state. Mr. Wright at once opened an office in Augusta, where his professional novitiate was of com paratively brief duration, as is evident when the fact is recalled

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that his prestige was such that after three years of practice, or as soon as he was constitutionally eligible, he was elected solicitorgeneral of the Augusta judicial circuit, of which office he remained the incumbent twelve years, at the expiration of which, in 1892, he resumed his law practice, which soon assumed large proportions. In 1902 he was appointed attorney-general of the state, by Gover nor Alien D. Candler, and he rendered most able service in this important office, of which he remained in tenure until the expira tion of Governor Candlers administration, since which time he has given his attention to the work of his profession, retaining a very large and representative clientage. In 1904 he was elected to- represent the county in the state legislature, in which he natur ally has assumed a position of leadership. He is a member of the Georgia bar association; a prominent factor in the councils of the Democratic party in the state; a member of the board of trustees of each, the Augusta orphan asylum, the medical college of the University of Georgia and the academy of Richmond county; and is a stockholder and director in many manufacturing and indus trial concerns in Augusta and elsewhere in the state. He is a member of the Methodist Episcopal church South. On Feb. 17, 1885, Mr. Wright was married to Miss Margaret Constance Cabell, daughter of Dr. Robert G. Cabell, of Richmond, Va., and grand daughter of William H. Cabell, who was at one time governor of Virginia and later president of the Virginia court of appeals. Mr. and Mrs. Wright have three children: Marguerite Cabell, Boykin, Jr., and Constance Cabell. The following sketch of Mr. Wright as a lawyer, is furnished by the Hon. Henry C. Hammond, judge of the superior court of the Augusta circuit, than whom no one in Georgia is better qualified to speak on this subject: "Here we shall speak of Mr. Wright only as we know him in the law of fice and the court room. Not to speak of him as a factor in the social, political and business life of this community leaves very much untold, and a true appreciation of the manner of man he is could be conveyed only by the skilled analyst of character. The writers opportunities for forming an opinion of Mr. Wright as a lawyer have been unusually good. The view-point has been va-

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ried. First, as a law student, next as an untried, unfledged prac titioner, then as associate or opposing counsel before court and jury, and now as judge. In all the years to come, will the law stu dent ever cease to remember with gratitude the kindly treatment of one of the leading members of the bar he who could pause to make friendly inquiry about studies and prospects, he. who would take time to answer, with painstaking patience, some elementary question, he who stood ever ready to encourage and to help? His welcoming hand was held out to the young attorney just come to the bar. Here was no desire to belittle or ignore, but, on the con trary, the shedding of a light so warm and genial as to bring into flower aught of good there might be. The first case of any im portance, that felony case, that real test of the young attorneys power to walk alone Mr. Wright was the solicitor-general then, and, as always, he discharged his full duty to the state, but, Oh! those words of praise only partly deserved, uttered in open court before judge, jury and spectators, that frank admission to the jury that a strong defense had been set up, and that even his own con fidence in the guilt of the accused had been shaken the inevitable verdict of not guilty that marked a turning point in the young at torneys career; It has been said by lawyers who tasted from both spoons that Mr. Wright was the best to fight, with, and the worst man to fight against at the Georgia bar. Certainly he is an ideal associate. No carping word, no dissatisfaction, no distrust only aidful sympathy and support in all things. When it comes to a division of fee and glory, he is all too liberal to the associate, and when to a division of work and responsibility all too liberal to himself. As an opponent, he is courteous, fair, honorable, but withal so resourceful, so undaunted, so unconquerable as to make him foeman worthy of any steel. He does not discount his enemy, or his enemys case, but mining deep, prepares to overthrow it. To the court, and to its officials, he is invariably considerate. His deep research, his mature thought, his clear speech, illumine the path of the Judge. When sought he never withholds from the court his invaluable aid and counsel. Mr. Wrights relations with his fellow members of the bar are the happiest. Friendly, cordial,

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sympathetic, constantly doing things with his right hand that his left knows not. His comradeship, his good humor, his charming company are sought by his brethren of the bar and by him freely bestowed. Though an always busy man, the greeting is a glad hand-shake, a winning smile, a cheering word. His wonderful suc cess as a trial lawyer has brought no envy, no jealousy. Like valiant knight, he joins battle with his antagonist, who, though overthrown, feels not bitterness but only just esteem for the brave heart and masterful hand that has wrought his defeat. Fortunate is the client who has this strong, generous man for counselor and advocate. In and out of the court house, his clients interest, rep utation, feelings are in his tender and sheltering care. Were the cause not his clients, but his own, he could not pour into it more freely the work of head and hand. An eminent Federal jurist upon hearing from the bench his presentation of a clients case, said he had never seen a lawyer into whose keeping he would more will ingly commit his most vital interests. Writing of his work and his method of work, one can deal only in generalities, but their use shall be guarded and within bounds. This man of genius and in spiration, this debater and orator, is withal a plodder. He takes naught for granted, but on and on to fhe bottom and end of every thing that concerns the matter in hand. His files grow into vol umes of fact and law. He is not at himself in the preparation of a case until he is literally waist deep in law books. While mind ful of responsiblity, he does not avoid it. Reference cannot be made to this thrilling murder trial or that intricate civil case. Suf fice it to say that in all he is to duty as faithful as a saint. Though the litigation may live on through years, it never stales with him. In the court room, alas! no word of mine can give adequate de scription of this cautious, bold, this suave, unflinching, this humor ous, earnest practitioner. He never says die, or let up, or give back, its now, now and all the time with him. He starts by stat ing his case so clearly that judge and jury, though wayfaring men, need not err. With him no drifting, but straight ahead to a wellmarked goal. The witnesses he handles with, and without, gloves. With rare tact, and relentless penetration, he seeks out and brings

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to light the much or little they know. Mr. Wright is a strong be liever in trial by jury and he always attributes to jurors, intelli gence and fairness. He accepts frequent victory and infrequent defeat with the same outward calmness. It would take a pen far better trained than the writers to set forth fairly the varied traits of character manifasted in this truly remarkable man. Behind all these, too, is a physique scarcely less interesting. Of course, it will be left to the artist to portray his handsome countenance, and his graceful form. But any one of us may be permitted to say how he impresses us as we look upon him in the forenoon or meet him on the highway. Mr. Wright is the tallest man in Georgia for his height. He stands erect in self-respect and comes near adding a cubit to his stature, though time has not been able to turn one hair white an eye to threaten and command, yet grace is seated on his brow. It shows in his every movement. His frame, thought slight, would seem a thing not made of flesh and blood a marvelous au tomaton with a scorn for work and weariness. Day after day he sits at his desk doing the work-horse task, in the court room, he goes the terrorizing gait of the thoroughbred. He is looked upon as a delicate man and so he is, but we who know him know he is one of iron nerve and unquenchable vitality. The health, strength and longevity of his parents warrant the ardent hope cherished by all that this tireless toiler may still for years to come keep his shoulder to the wheel. Here is a good man and a great lawyer whose life and work makes only for the good of his time and people."