Annual report for 1946-1947 by the regents of the University System of Georgia to his excellency honorable M.E. Thompson acting governor [June 30, 1947]

ANNUAL REPORT
from the REGENTS o1 the
UNIVERSITY SYSTEM OF GEORGIA TO HIS EXCELLENCY
H 0 N 0 R A B L E M . E . T H 0 M P S 0 N
Acting Governor

ATHENS THE UNIVERSITY OF GEORGIA AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION SERVICE DIVISION OF G E N ERAL EXTENSION

ATLANTA.

GEORGIA SCHO.OL OF TECHNOLOGY

ATLANTA DIVISION UNIVERSITY OF GEORGIA

COLLEGE

UNIVERSITY

EXPERIMENT ~

SCHOOL OF MEDICINE

GEORGIA EXPERIMENT STATION

MILLEDGEVILLE GEORGIA STATE COLLEGE FOR WOMEN

FORT VALLEY . FORT VALLEY STATE COLLEGE

COC H RAN
MIDDLE G EORGIA COLLEGE
AM ERICUS . GEORGIA SOUTHWESTERN COLLEG E

ALBANY
S T ATE COLLEGE ABRAHAM

DOU G LAS

TIFTON

SOUTH

BALDW I N AGRICULTURAL

GEORGIA COLLEGE

COLLEGE:

COASTAL PLA I N E XPERIMENT

STATION

VALDOSTA G E ORG I A STATE WOMAN !:; COLLEGE

FOR TH EYEAR
1946-47

ANNUAL REPORT
FOR
1946-1947
BY
THE REGENTS OF THE
UNIVERSITY SYSTEM OF GEORGIA
TO HIS EXCELLENCY
HONORABLE M. E. THOMPSON
Acting Governor JUNE 30, 1947

BOARD OF REGENTS OF THE
UNIVERSITY SYSTEM OF GEORGIA
20 IVY STRIEIET, S. E. ATLANTA
Of'P'ICIE OP' THIE CHAIRMAN

Honorable M. E. Thompson Acting Governor of Georgia Atlanta, Georgia

Dear Governor Thompson:

Pursuant to law the Board of Regents of the University System of Georgia, through the undersigned as chairman, submits to the Governor of the State of Georgia an annual report.

REGENTS AND INSTITUTIONS
The following is a statement of the present Board of Regents, the members' home addresses and terms of office; the personnel of the various committees of the board and the officers of the board: the name, head, location, and type of each unit in the University System:

District

Regent

Address

State at Large-John J. McDonough___________________________________Rome

October 8, 1947-January l, 1953

State at Large-Albert S. Hardy ---------------------------------Gainesville February 26, 1945-January l, 1951

State at Large-Frank M. Spratlin ---------------------------------Atlanta January 1, 1946-January 1. 1953

State at Large-Earl B. Braswell ------------------------------------------Athens January 1, 1943-January 1. 1949

State at Large-Pope F. Brock ------------------------------------------Atlanta January 1. 1943-January 1, 1948

First-James Peterson ------------------------------------------------Soperton May 9, 1945-January 1, 1948

Second-H. L. Wingate -----------------------------------------------------Pelham January I, 19F-Janu~y l, 1954
Third-Cason J. Callaway ______________________________________________Hamilton January 1, 1944-January 1, 1951
Fourth-C. Jay Smith ______________________________________________________Newnan January 1, 1943-January 1, 1949
Fifth-Rutherford L. Ellis _________________________________________________Atlanta January 1, 1947-January 1, 1954
Sixth-Miller R. Bell _________________________________________________Milledgeville January 1, 1943-January 1. 1950
Seventh-Roy N. Emmet ---------------------------------------------Cedartown January 1, 1945-January 1. 1952
Eighth-Millard Reese ___________________________________________________Brunswick January 14, 1948-January 1. 1950
Ninth-Sandy Beaver ---------------------------------------------------Gainesville January 1. 1945-January l, 1952
Tenth-William S. Morris _______________________________________________Augusta January 1, 1944-January 1. 1951

STANDING COMMITTEES OF THE BOARD OF REGENTS

EDUCATION
Sandy Beaver, chairman Earl B. Braswell Pope F. Brock Rutherford L. Ellis

FINANCE
Miller R. Bell, chairman Roy N. Emmet Albert S. Hardy C. Jay Smith Frank M. Spratlin

ORGANIZATION AND LAW
Millard Reese, chairman Pope F. Brock, vice chairman James Peterson

AGRICULTURE
Cason J. Callaway, chairman Roy N. Emmet William S. Morris C. Jay Smith H. L. Wingate

The chairman of the Board of Regents and the chancellor of the university system are ex officio members of each committee.

OFFICERS OF THE BOARD OF REGENTS
Chairman ----------------~---------------Pope F. Brock Vice Chairman ____________________________Sandy Beaver Chancellor _________________________Raymond R. Paty Vice Chance!lor________________________A. Hollis Edens Vice Chancellor______________________Harry L. Brown Executive Secretary ______________________L. R. Siebert Director of Budgets__________________Harry T. Healy Treasurer ___________________________W. Wilson Noyes

UNITS IN THE SYSTEM
The system consists of the following institutions, coordinated in that part of the educational work of the state which is committed to the administration of the regents:

Senior Institutions

LoCATION
Athens Atlanta Augusta
Dahlonega Milledgeville Statesboro Valdosta

INSTITUTION

HEAD

University of Georgia............Harmon W. Caldwell, President Georgia School of Technology.... Blake R. Van Leer, President University of Georgia
School of Medicine..........................G. Lombard Kelly, Dean North Georgia College............................J. C. Rogers, President Georgia State College for Women......Guy H. Wells, President Georgia Teachers College..............Judson C. Ward, President Georgia State Womans College......Frank R. Reade, President

Americus Carrollton Cochran Douglas Tifton

Junior Institutions
Georgia Southwestern College............Peyton Jacob, President West Georgia College............................!. S. Ingram, President Middle Georgia College........................Lloyd A. Moll, President South Georgia College..................William S. Smith, President Abraham Baldwin
Agricultural College........George P. Donaldson, President

Albany Fort Valley Savannah

Negro Institutions
Albany State College............................Aaron Brown, President Fort Valley State College........................C. V. Troup, President Georgia State College..................J ames A. Colston, President

Experiment Tifton

Experiment Stations
Georgia Experiment Station................H. P. Stuckey, Director Georgia Coastal Plain
Experiment Station......................George H. King, Director

5

EXTENSION

The Board of Regents is also respoMible for the operation of the following:

LocATION
Atlanta
Athens Athens

INSTITUTION
Atlanta Division of the University of Georgia, 24 Ivy Street, S. E.....................Geo. M. Sparks, Director
Division of General Extension................E. A. Lowe, Director Agricultural Extension Service......Walter S. Brown, Director

On May 7, 1947, the Board of Regents placed the University System Center and the Divison of General Extension under the jurisdiction of the University of Georgia. Prior to that action both of these departments were located at 24 Ivy Street, S. E., Atlanta, Georgia. The University System Center is now operating as the Atlanta Division of the University of Georgia and is still located at 24 Ivy Street, S. E.

DIVISION OF GENERAL EXTENSION
The Division of General Extension of the University of Georgia, in cooperation with other units in the University System, offers both credit and non-credit courses through the medium of correspondence and extension classes. The academic standards of the system are rigidly maintained at all times, and students doing extension work may receive the same credit as do resident students for the same or equivalent work. Classes are held in communities wherever there is sufficient demand. The division also operates an audiovisual service which is recognized as one of the best motion film libraries in the nation. Through this agency, educational films in biology, botany, chemistry, astronomy, geography, geology, the social sciences, psychology, industry, travel, et cetera, are distributed to schools and colleges and other educational organizations for use in classrooms and laboratories.

AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION SERVICE
The Agricultural Extension Service is the result of cooperation between the University System of Georgia and the United States Department of Agriculture. It is charged with the efficient dissemination of information regarding the most profitable farming methods and techniques to rural Georgia through county and home demonstration agents. This agency may rightly be called one of the most influential departments of the University System, inasmuch as it extends the campus of the system to every county and community in the state.
6

IN MEMORY OF MARION SMITH
RESOLVED, That the Board of Regents of the' University System of Georgia individually and collectively convey to the family of the late Marion Smith an expression of sympathy at his death on September 9, 1947.
The University System of Georgia is without the guidance, inspiration, and constructive force of a genius who devoted much of his life to assisting with the building of an educational organization that will be a model for the entire nation. Education in Georgia and in the entire South has lost one of its most eminent champions. His unselfish attitude added greatly to the effectiveness of the application of his unusual ability to the cause of education. He undoubtedly was one of Georgia's outstanding sons.
First and foremost a lawyer, he was equally great as an educator and an organizer and was possessed of extraordinary qualities of leadership to which were added tireless energy and a degree of enthusiasm that led him to initiate and carry to successful conclusion undertakings that many would regard as impossible of fulfillment. His rare ability and superb judgment were given freely and willingly to the board and the University System. He never hesitated to state that no phase of his work appealed to him as did the work of the University System.
His gift of leadership was such that during his long connection with the Board of Regents, the members of the board always insisted that he serve as their chairman. He brought to this office his rare combination of ability and a spirit of unselfish public service at a time when success or failure of the integration plan of the University System of Georgia depended upon organizational skill and intelligent direction.
His tragic death at the height of his usefulness constitutes an irreparable loss not only to the cause of education but also to the select citizenship of our state and nation. The wide influence he wielded extended far beyond the legal and educational field, and the respect and admiration in which he was held was universal. He will be missed in the affairs of Georgia, but his contributions to the forces of progress-legal, educational and otherwise-will never be forgotten: indeed, the ideals he exemplified will live on as monuments along the course be has charted for those who are to follow him.
Our heads bow with grief at his passing, quietly proud to have been so closely associated with the career of one whose great achievements for education in Georgia will stand as an everlasting memorial to him.

TEMPORARY BRANCH OF THE UNIVERSITY OF
- GEORGIA AT HUNTER FIELD
At a meeting held in Atlanta on June 11. 1947, the Board of Regents directed Chancellor Raymond R. Paty and President Harmon W. Caldwell to make arrangements so that all students who are residents of the State of Georgia attending the temporary branch of the University of Georgia at Hunter Field, Savannah, may be accommodated at Athens and elsewhere in the system. The board also directed that the Hunter Field Branch be closed as soon as. its purpose had been served.
The Hunter Field branch of the University of Georgia was established only as a temporary branch of the University of Georgia at Athens, and it has never been the intention of the Board of Regents to establish a permanent unit at Hunter Field.
The board wishes to stress again that as soon as it can be done, the state should furnish adequate facilities for these students on the campus of the University of Georgia at Athens. The temporary division of the work of this institution between Athens and Savannah could not in any case be regarded as a satisfactory permanent plan. The branch at Savannah will be closed as soon as the students there can be adequately taken care of elsewhere in the system.
TEMPORARY BRANCH OF ABRAHAM BALDWIN .AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE AT SPENCE FIELD
The development at Spence Field near Moultrie by the Abraham Baldwin Agricultural College should also be understood to be a temporary branch of the Abraham Baldwin Agricultural College and not a separate unit of the University System. As soon as adequate facilities can be provided on the campus of the Abraham Baldwin Agricultural College at Tifton, this temporary branch unit will be discontinued.
8

ENROLLMENT
On October 3, 1947, thexe were 2..5.210 students enrolled in the units of the University System of Georgia. This figure represents an increase of 2,645 students over the enrollment on October 5;1946, and an increase of 11.557 students over the enrollment on October 15, 19 39, the last pre-war year that can be considered normal. Of this total 12,058 are veterans.
The following tabulation shows in detail the enrollment at the various institutions:

ENROLLMENT IN THE UNIVERSITY SYSTEM OF GEORGIA Fall Quarter 1939, Compared to Fall Quarter, 1947

INSTITUTIONS

Fall

Senior Colleges

1939

U. of Georgia, Athens............................ 3,408

Ga. School of Technology, Atlanta...... 2,590

Atlanta Div., U. of Ga., Atlanta.......... 1,479

University of Ga. School of Medicine,

Augusta .............................................. 168

North Georgia College, Dahlonega...... 593

Ga. State College for Women,

Milledgeville ...................................... 1,469

Ga. Teachers College, Statesboro.......... 514

Ga. State W omans College, Valdosta.. 353

Fall, 1947
Non-Vet. Vet. Total 3,192 4,340 7,532* 1,490 3,913 5,403 2,965 1,854 4,819

114

185

299**

527

171

698

1,114 431 348

3 1,117

198

629

3

351

T o t a l . ............................... 10,574
Junior Colleges Ga. Southwestern College, Americus.. 374 West Georgia College, Carrollton........ 449 Middle Georgia College, Cochran........ 432 South Georgia College, Douglas............ 311 Abraham Baldwin Agricultural
College, Tifton .................................. 405

10,181
273 409 270 298
264

10,667
99 242 186 230
188

20,848
372 651 456 52'S
452***

Total................................ 1,971
Negro Colleges Albany State College, Albany.............. 334 Fort Valley State College, Ft. Valley.. 218 Georgia State College, Savannah........ 556

1,514
490 421 546

945 2,459

75

565

121

542

250

796

Total................................ 1,108 1,457

446 1,903

Combined Totals..........................13,653 13,152 12,058 25,210
*227 Non-veteran and 576 veteran students included in above total attending temporary branch of University of Georgia, Hunter Field, Savannah, Georgia.
**30 physicians taking post-graduate courses and 3 women taking medical technology not included in total.
***Includes 80 non-veteran and 41 veteran students (total 121) enrolled in the temporary branch at Spence Field.
Note: The following institutions have special students enrolled which are not included in tht> total: U. of Ga., 25; U. of Ga. Sch. of Medicine, 3; Ga. Southwestern College, 3; Albany St. College, 13; Ft. Valley State College, 3; Ga. St. College, 267.
9

ENROLLMENT AND APPROPRIATION
The following table gives the amounts..,llppropriated to the board since 1932 for the operation of the University System and for buildings. The enrollment figure represents the fall enrollment of the indicated y~ar as of about October 15 of each year. Enrollment in the extension classes is not included.

ENROLLMENT AND APPROPRIATION FOR THE GENERAL OPERATION OF THE UNIVERSITY SYSTEM

Fall Term Enroll- Fiaeal of Year ment Period

For Debta Prior to 1932

1932 1933 1934 1935 1936
1937 1938 1939 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 1946 1947

9,346 1932 $233,771.00

8,035 1933

8,330.45

9,006 1934

9,695 1935 150,000.00

10,543 1936

167,126.48

(1-37 to 6-30-37)

11,572 1937-38

12,987 1938-39

13,653 1939-40

13,736 1940-41

12,845 1941-42

10,052 1942-43

13,937 1943-44

10,682 1944-45

11,49'8' 1945-46

22,651 1946-47

25,210 1947-48

Amount Appropriated
for Current Operation
$1,6lf5,697.50 1,336,930.00 1,178,560.45 1,387,500.00 1,297,500.00 666,666.66 1,495,200.00 1,368,000.00 1,772,500.00 1,593,443.11 1,907,993.52 2,202,267.79 2,158,707.30 2,565,000.00 3,400,000.00 3,400,000.00 3,408,000.00

Total
$1,919,468.50 1,420,260.45 1,178,560.45 1,537,500.00 1,464,626.48 666,666.66 1,495,200.00 1,368,000.00 1,772,500.00 1,593,443.11 1,907,993.52 2,202,267.79 2,158,707.30 2,565,000.00 3,400,000.00 3,400,000.00
3,40'S~OOO.OO

APPROPRIATION FOR BUILDINGS AND IMPROVEMENTS IN THE UNIVERSITY SYSTEM BEGINNING JULY 1, 1945
Jan. 1, 1932- June 30, 1945................................$2,350,000.00 July 1, 1945 - June 30, 1946................................ 1,000,000.00 July 1, 1946 -June 30, 1947................................ 1,000,000.00 July 1, 1947- June 30, 1948................................ 3,000,000.00

STATE APPROPRIATION
The Board of Regents of the University System of Georgia recommends that the governor and the General Assembly make available to the board the sum of $10.000,000 annually for general operations and new buildings.
In view of the enlarged services being offered by the University System to the people of the State of Georgia. including veterinary science, textile engineering, agricultural research and extension. and in view of the decrease in the funds from the federal government
10

because of the decrease in the veteran enrollment, additional funds are imperatively needed for the operation of the system. New build-
ings were needed throughout the system prior to wodd War 11.
These needs have increased tremendously <luring the emergency toilowing the war and now present a problem so acute as to approach a crisis.
Further informaticn about the need for buildings and the funds required for construction is given under a separate subject.
The General Assembly is urged to write this appropriation into law and include this amount in 1ts appropriation act.
Some of the factors that have forced the board to ask for additional funds are given below:
Enrollment almost tripled. The enrollment in the University System has almost tripled since the fall term of 1932. The Board of Regents assumed responsibility for the operation of the system on January 1, 1932. The enrollment in the fall term of 1932 was 9,346; in the fall of 1947 the enrollment was 25,210. The enrollment has almost doubled since 19 39, the normal year prior to . the w:ar. The fall term enrollment for that year was 13,653.
Increased expenses. It has been necessary to increase the salaries of faculty members in order to hold those that we now have and also to employ additional members. Similar increases have been necessary for the other personnel throughout the system. The cost of supplies and maintenance, and, in fact, all costs related to the operation of the system have increased. This is the condition with which the board is faced. The only way to meet the situation is for the state to provide additional funds in order to enable the board to maintain the services of the University System on a par with those of other Southern states, many of which are making rapid progress. It must be pointed out that the fees collected from students do not fully cover the cost of instruction and other costs necessary for the operation of the system.
Out of the limited resources allocated to the various units in the system for improvements during the past year, approximately a million dollars has been spent removing some of the more dangerous fire hazards. Additional funds will be needed annually to enable the board to make buildings comply with the new Georgia Building Safety Law.
11

DECREASE OF STATE'S ALLOCATION PER STUDENT

The following table gives the per capita allocation from the state compared with that made by the board from students fees and other income:

Year
1932 1939-40 1946-47

State
$255 110 164

Fees and Other Income
$156 157 353

Total
$411 267 517

You will note that the state is allocating almost $100 less for the education of each student today than the stat~ did in 1932 and that the board is allocating almost $200 more today from student fees, etc., for the education of each student than the board allocated in 1932. The board cannot be expected to continue the making of this large allocation for the education of each student with the apparent loss of the large sum of $3,000,000 now being received from the United States Government for the education of veteran students.
The loss of this large amount of income will present a major problem to the board unless the state replaces this sum by an increased appropriation.

DECREASED PURCHASING POWER OF DOLLAR
While the figures in the above table show an increase in the educational cost of the University System to the state and the board, it must be pointed out that the purchasing power of a dollar has greatly decreased. The plural index for the cost of living, construction, and wages has shown a tremendous increase since 1932. For instance, in August, 1947 the wholesale price index was 15 7.4, compared with 64.8 for the year 1932. This index was 100 in 1926. This index is calculated by using the wholesale price of approximately 500 commodities in about 30 towns in the United States.
With this large increase in the index of wholesale prices it would take $4,096,244.93 today to purchase what $1.685,697.50 did in the year 19 32. With the increase of wholesale prices and with approximately three times as many students, the board would on a comparable basis require $10,917,701.61 for the operation of the University System for the year 1947-48.

12

- LOSS OF INCOME FROM DECREASED VETERAN ENR..OLLMENT The board is confronted with the loss of $3,000,000 now
being received annually from the United States Government for the education of approximately 12,000 veteran students under Public Law 346. It is estimated that this loss will total approximately $1,000,000 for the fiscal year 1948-49.
This law permits an institution to charge the United States Government the same tuition charge made to out-of-state students.
It is estimated that the University System will receive from the United States Government for the year 1947-48 the sum of $3,140,800 in excess of what it would receive if the students were paying fees on the basis of resident rates. In other words, the United States Government is paying over $3,000,000 to help the system with the education of approximately 12,000 students. I wish to point out that if the United States Government were not paying this sum, it would be necessary that the state make an additional allocation of an equal amount for the operation of the system. Furthermore, educational authorities believe that the veteran enrollment has reached its peak and that veteran students will be replaced by resident students paying the resident rate. As this happens the state will be called upon to replace these funds now being received from the United States Government for the operation of the University System or face the necessity of lowering standards.
SUMMARY OF OUR FINANCIAL PROBLEM
Confronted as it is with the operation of the University System and the construction and repair of buildings, together with the large increase in enrollment and the tremendous decrease in the purchasing power of the dollar, the board feels compelled to say to you and the General Assembly with all the earnestness at its command that higher education in this state faces a crisis.
Consider the alternatives:
1. The board cannot materially increase the number of students to an instructor because the faculty members in the University System are now teaching as many students as is permissible under acceptable educational standards.
2. If the board reduces the salaries of the faculty members in the sy~tem it is confronted with the certainty of losing many
13

of them. In fact, it is going to be impossible to keep some of the more desirable faculty members if their salaries are not increased. Other institutions in-the southeast are offering some of our faculty members better salaries than the board is paying.
We earnestly urge that you and the General Assembly find means by which to appropriate to the Board of Regents $10,000,000 annually for current operations and new buildings.
FEDERAL FUNDS FOR RESEARCH
Under the Appropriation Act of the United States Government which President Harry S. Truman signed on July 30, 1947, the State of Georgia is eligible to receive a large sum of money from the Federal Government to carry out the terms of the Flannagan-Hope Act, Public Law. 733. These funds will be available to the State for a period of several years for agricultural research, provided the State of Georgia allocates a like amount. While no funds for this purpose have been allocated by the State of Georgia at this writing, it is hoped that funds will be provided for this important and greatly needed work. The terms of the law are broad and will allow the University System to conduct research in production, marketing, handling, storage, transportation, and distribution of agricultural products.
The Board of Regents respectfully asks the Governor to give serious consideration to making available the funds necessary to match the Federal grant.
ADDITIONAL FUNDS MADE AVAILABLE TO REGENTS
We wish to make known to the Governor the appreciation of the Board of Regents, of the authorities at the University of Georgia and the Georgia School of Technology, and of the people of the State of Georgia for his action in making available to the board the additional sum of $2,000,000 for buildings in the University System. The board has allocated $1,150,000 for the construction of a building to house the School of Veterinary Medicine at the University of Georgia and $850,000 for a building to house the School of Textile Engineering at the Georgia School of Technology.
The board has authorized the award of a contract in the amount of $905,280 to the firm of Ray M. Lee Company for the construc-
14

tion of the textile building at the Georgia School of Technology. The regents' central office has _been infot,med that construction will be expedited as rapidly as possible. This building will provide facilities for the training of personnel for further development of the textile industry in Georgia. The Textile Education Foundation has informed the board that it will assist in financing the cost of the operation of this school and that the textile mills will assist in providing the necessary equipment.
The board has designated the firm of Cooper, Bond and Cooper as architects for a building to house the School of Veterinary Medicine at the University of Georgia. That firm has been instructed to prepare plans and specifications for this building that will meet in every detail the requirements for accreditation by the accrediting association for schools of veterinary medicine, and to complete this assignment at the earliest possible date. The board believes that the establishment of this school at the University of Georgia will give new impetus to the livestock industry in the State of Georgia.
NEW BUILDINGS NEEDED
The Board of Regents must emphasize again that the lack of adequate housing and classrooms in the University System of Georgia is one of the most pressing problems confronting the board. The board asks that $5,000,000 be made available for buildings each year so that this situation may be gradually remedied.
At the direction of the regents' central office, the heads of the units studied their needs for permanent buildings. Their reports reveal that the institutions require additional dormitories, classrooms, and laboratories, and that many of the present facilities must be renovated before they can be put to maximum use. The buildings receiving the highest priority were placed on the list which follows this section. Such a list does not mean that other recommended buildings should not be constructed; it means that the physical requirements of the University System are so urgent that the buildings listed below should receive the immediate attention of the legislature. They are needed now. These buildings were selected from a list totaling $36,540,200.00 which was submitted to this office by the various units of the system. It should be borne in mind that rising construction costs make even these figures inadequate in many cases.
15

University of Georgia, Athens
Boys' Dormitory ........................................................$ 300,000 Dining Hall ...............................;...................;':':.......... 700,000 Girls' Dormitory ........................................................ 450,000

Georgia School of Technology, Atlanta
Library ........................................................................$1,000,000 Academic Building .................................................. 1,500,000

$ 1,450,000

University of Georgia School of Medicine, Augusta General State Hospital..............................................................

2,500,000 2,250,000

Georgia State College for Women, Milledgeville
Science Building ........................................................$ 500,000 Girls' Dormitory ... .................................................. 400,000

Georgia Teachers College, Statesboro
Central heating plant................................................$ 75,000 Arts Building ............................................................ 300,000

900,000

Georgia State Womans College, Valdosta
Dining Hall and Kitchen..........................................$ 175,000 Infirmary .................................................................. 100,000

375,000

North Georgia College, Dahlonega
Girls' Dormitory ......................................................-$ 400,000 Boys' Dormitory - .................................................. 400,000

275,opo

University System Center, Atlanta Library and Classrc.om Building............................................

800,000 440,000

West Georgia College, Carrollton
Boys' Dormitory ........................................................$ 250,000 Rebuild Aycock Hall.................................................. 50,000

Middle Georgia College, Cochran
Boys' Dormitory ........................................................$ 250,000 Dining Hall ................................................................ 150,000

300,000

Georgia Southwestern College, Americus
Boys' Dormitory ........................................................$ 250,000 Central heating plant................................................ 100,000

400,000

350,000
16

South Georgia College, Douglas Infirmary ..................................................................$ 75,000
Girls' Dormitory .....................:...................'!':............ 250,000
Abraham Baldwin Agricultural College, Tifton Girls' Dormitory ......................................................$ 250,000 Modernization and renovation of plant................ 50,000
Agricultural Extension Service, Athens Remodeling, etc. ..........................................................................

325,000
300,000 30,000

Georgia State College, Savannah Boys' Dormitory ........................................................$ 800,000 Girls' Dormitory ...................................................... 300,000

Fort Valley State College, Fort Valley
Library ......................................................................$ 250,000 Science, Agriculture and Home Economics class-
rooms and laboratories........................................ 250,000

600,000

Albany State College, Albany Boys' Dormitory ........................................................$ 250,000 Science Building ............,......................,.................... 250,000

500,000

Research Stations, for rf:'Ilovation and modernization of plants:
Georgia Experiment Station, Experiment Coastal Plain Experiment Station, Tifton and other research stations..............................................................

500,000 500,000

Total ......................................................................................$12,795,000

ADDITIONAL FACILITIES PROVIDED
The Board of Regents has provided substantial additional facili~ ties with limited financial help from the state. The results accom~ plished by some of the units of the University System are gratifying to the board.
The Georgia School of Technology has done an outstanding job in securing living quarters for its students. It arranged for married students to rent government-built houses located near the Bell Bomber Plant at Marietta, and provided adequate bus transportation. It contracted for the use of 200 apartment units for married students at the Lawson General Hospital, and has acquired the use of approximately half the facilities of the Naval Air Station
17

near Atlanta which provides classrooms, dining halls,. and living

quarters for a total of 800 students.
.

-

The need for permanent buildings on the Georgia Tech campus

was so critical that the Board of Regents authorized an issue of

revenue certificates to finance the erection of additional facilities.

Four million dollars was made available, and dormitories for 937

students and apartment units for 222 families of faculty members

and married students are at this time almost completed. The net

income of these buildings is pledged to pay the certificates. The

board was able to finance these certificates at an over-all interest

rate of slightly less than two and one-quarter per cent.

The board wishes to call the Governor's attention to the fact that before World War II very few of the state colleges were able to house all the young Georgians who applied for admission. About fifty per cent of the students at the Georgia School of Technology lived in houses neither provided nor supervised by that institution. The same general situation in a lesser degree existed at the University of Georgia, North Georgia College, and several other units of the system.
REGENTS' CENTRAL OFFICE

With an enrollment of 25,210 students, it was necessary for , the Board of Regents to enlarge the administrative personnel of the
central office. It has accordingly made the following recent appointments: Dr. Raymond R. Paty, Chancellor of the University System of Georgia; Mr. Harry T. Healy, Director of Budgets; Mr. A. Hollis Edens, Vice Chancellor in charge of the educational pro-
gram of the University System; and Mr. Harry L. Brown, Vice
Chancellor in charge of the agricultural program of the system. The board feels that these men are all able and enthusiastic and that each one of them will make a real contribution to the University System and to the State. The organization of the University System as provided by law is recognized by many educators as outstanding, offering many possibilities for coordination and the prevention of duplication of effort. The staff of the central office faces the challenge of continuing the efforts to make the various units a system in fact as well as in name.

VICE CHANCELLOR BROWN The Survey Report, made under the direction of Dr. George A. WQrks, recommended that the agricultural work of the University
18

System be placed under the jurisdiction of one person, subject to the direction of the Chancellor. On September 10, 1947, the board elected Mr. Harry L. Brown'to the position of Vice Chancellor in charge of the agricultural work of the University System. Mr. Brown has the responsibility of coordinating all of the agricultural work of the system.
Mr. Brown was born and reared on a farm in Forsyth County, Georgia. He received his Bachelor of Science degree in Agriculture from the University of Georgia. In 19 37 Clemson College conferred upon him the honorary Doctor of Science degree. He served with the Navy in World War I. From 1920 through 1932 he was Agricultural Extension Agent of Fulton County; from 1932 to 1934 he was Assistant Director of Agricultural Extension in Georgia; aad from 1934to 1937 he was Director of the Agricultural Extension in Georgia. In January, 1937, President Roosevelt appointed him Assistant Secretary of Agriculture of the United States. He served in that capacity until 19 39, when he resigned to become Assistant Director of Agricultural Relations of the Tennessee Valley Authority. In 1941 he was appointed General Agent of the Farm Credit Administration with headquarters at Columbia, South Carolina.
VICE CHANCELLOR EDENS
The Works Survey Report also recommended that the Board of Regents place the educational program of the University System of Georgia under the jurisdiction of one person, subject to the general direction and supervision of the Chancellor. On June 11, 1947, the Board of Regents elected Mr. A. Hollis Edens to the position of Vice Chancellor of the University System to carry out this objective.
Mr. Edens was born in Willow Grove, Tennessee, on February 14, 190 I. He received his Master of Arts degree and Bachelor of Philosophy degree from Emory University, and his Master of Public Administration degree from Harvard University. He served as principal of the Cumberland Mountain School, Crossville, Tennessee; Division Executive of Emory Junior College, Valdosta, Georgia: Associate Dean of Undergraduate Divisions of Emory University: Acting Dean of Emory University School of Business Administration; and Dean of Administration at Emory University.
19

DIRECTOR OF GEORGIA COASTAL PLAIN EXPERIME~T STAJION
On May 7, 1947, the Board of Regents elected Mr. George H. King director of the Georgia Coastal Plain Experiment Station.
Mr. King received his Bachelor of Science in Agriculture degree and his Master of Science degree from the University of Georgia. He has been with the University System for many years in various teaching capacities, and since 1934 bas served as director of the station and as president of the Abraham Baldwin Agricultural College.
PRESIDENT OF GEORGIA TEACHERS COLLEGE
Dr. Marvin S. Pittman bas been retired as president of Georgia Teachers College. For thirteen years President Pittman rendered invaluable services to the Georgia Teachers College and to the University System.
On February 20, 1947, the Board of Regents elected Dr. Judson C. Ward, Jr., as Dr. Pittman's successor. He is a native of Marietta, Georgia, and a graduate of Marietta High School. He received his Bachelor of Arts degree from Emory University in 1933, his Master of Arts degree from the same institution in 1936, and in 1947 received his Ph.D. degree at the University of North Carolina. Upon graduation from Emory he taught in the high school at Fitzgerald, Georgia. He is a former member of the faculty of Georgia Teachers College and of Birmingham-Southern College, Birmingham, Alabama. He entered World War II as a private and received his commission in field artillery at Fort Sill, Oklahoma. He was assigned to duty as an instructor in the department of economics, government, and history at the United States Military Academy at West Point, where he served until his release as a major from the armed services.
PRESIDENT OF ABRAHAM BALDWIN AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE
On May 7, 1947, the Board of Regents accepted the resignation of Mr. George H. King as president of Abraham Baldwin Agricultural College, and named Mr. George P. Donaldson as Mr. King's successor.
President Donaldson, a native Georgian, bas been with the system for many years. He received his Bachelor of Science in Educa-
20

tion degree from the University of Georgia and his Master of Science degree from Ohio State Unviersity. Fw: twelve years he served as teacher of English and dean of students at the Abraham Baldwin Agricultural College and for the past two years as executive dean.
PRESIDENT OF MIDDLE GEORGIA COLLEGE
Since the last report Mr. Leo. H. Browning has been retired from the presidency of Middle Georgia Georgia. President Browning rendered a splendid service to the institution during the years that he was its president.
On June 11. 1947. the Board of Regents elect~ Mr. Lloyd A. Moll to the presidency of the Middle Georgia College. He was born in Berks County, Pennsylvania, March 8, 1902; received his Bachelor of Arts degree from Franklin and Marshall College; attended Muhlenberg, and Pennsylvania State College; and received his Master of Arts degree from the University of Pennsylvania. President Moll taught elementary school in Windsor Township. Berks County, Pennsylvania; served as supervising-principal of the borough schools of Pennsburg, Pennsylvania; superintendent of schools, Upper Merion Township, Montgomery County, Pennsylvania; W'as Dean of Men at State Teachers College, Kutztown, Pennsylvania; was assigned by the United States Navy as academic liason officer at the Georgia School of Technology with the rank of Commander; served as officer-in-charge of a naval aviation college training unit at the Atlanta Naval Air Station; and at the time of his election was director of the Georgia School of Technology's branch campus at the Naval Air Station.
PRESIDENT OF SOUTH GEORGIA COLLEGE
At its meeting on June 11. 1947, the Board of Regents elected Mr. William S. Smith to succeed the late Mr. Joseph Meriwether Thrash as president of the South Georgia College.
President Smith, a native Georgian, has been with the University System for the past several years in various teaching capacities. He attended the Georgia School of Technology and the University System Center Evening College in Atlanta from which he graduated in 1932. His graduate work w.as done at the University of Georgia in Athens.
As project manager of the Chapman Springs training unit of the National Youth Administration, President Smith developed one
21

of the best war training centers in the country. Later he served with the War Manpower Commissipn as regional chief of the labor utilization division.
Besides his public service and educational activities, he has had business experience. In the early thirties he was city traffic manager of American Airways in Birmingham, Alabama. Later he was one of the original members of the Standing Rate Committee of the Southern Motor Carriers' Rate Conference. At the time of his election he was serving as president of Venetian Blinds, Inc., of Atlanta.
In accepting this appointment he returns to the field of education. In the late thirties he taught at South Georgia College where he organized and was head of the commerce department.
PRESIDENT OF GEORGIA STATE COLLEGE
On February 20, 1947, the Board of Regents accepted the resignation of President Benjamin F. Hubert of Georgia State College. President Habert plans to devote his energies to the advancement of Negro country life, to which program he has given much of his life's work.
Mr. James A. Colston was elected to the presidency of this institution on May 7, 1947. He was born in Quincy, Florida, July 27, 1909; graduated from Morehouse Academy in 1928; received his Bachelor of Science degree from Morehouse College in 19 32, and his Master of Arts degree from Atlanta University in 1933; and has pursued graduate studies at Columbia University and Uitiversity of Chicago. He has taught at the E. P. Johnson School, Atlanta; served as principal of a high school in Ormond, Florida; directed the Ballard School in Macon; served as an instructor and workshop consultant for two summers at the Atlanta University; directed the extension division of the Hampton Institute Summer School in Jacksonville, Florida; served as president of the BethuneCookman College at Daytona Beach, Florida; and served as director of public relations at the Hampton Institute, Hampton, Virginia.
RESTRICTIONS ON ADMISSIONS
On February 14, 1946, the Board of Regents recognized that there would be hundreds of applications from the young men and women of the State of Georgia for admission to the various units of the system which could not be accepted because of lack of facili-
22

ties. The board immediately determined that no more non-resident applications would be received. This policy is being followed by other state universities faced with similar problems. The board adopted a definite basis of priorities which is as follows:
1. Present and former students;
All students now enrolled and in good standing in the institution and all former students who left the institution to enter the armed services.
2. New students:
a. Resident veterans. After all applicants in group 1 have been admitted, three-fourths of the remaining accommodations shall be reserved until August 15 for veterans who are not former students but who were residents of the State of Georgia at the time they entered the armed services.
b. Resident non-veterans. After all applicants in group 1 have been admitted, one-fourth of the remaining accommodations shall be reserved until August 15 for non-veterans who are residents of the State of Georgia.
If vacancies remain in either group, 2a or 2b, after August 15, unfilled applications in either of these groups may be transferred to the other.
c. Non-resident veterans.
d. Non-resident non-veterans.
This system of priorities has been adhered to rigidly without favoritism to anyone. Whether or not a student is accepted depends solely on the application of this objective standard of priorities.
GIFTS FROM UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT
The United States Government has made available to the University System large quantities of surplus property, and temporary buildings for housing and teaching purposes. The board is grateful to the government for these gifts. They have been of tremendous help to the units of the system in bettering their facilities to meet the large increased enrollment.
23

The following is a recapitulation of these facilities:
UNIVERSITY OF GEORGIA
1. Seventy-six apartments for married students 2. Three hundred and fifty-five housing units 3. Five temporary structures containing 30,400 square feet of
space
GEORGIA SCHOOL OF TECHNOLOGY
1. Georgia Tech Lawson Apartments, contammg 208 family units for married students and faculty
2. Naval Air Station Campus, dormitory accommodations for 724 students, classroom facilities for 800, administrative offices and dining hall
3. Knowles Dormitory converted into an office building 4. Seven residences converted into office and classroom space
NORTH GEORGIA COLLEGE
1. Eighteen housing units for veterans 2. Four-unit faculty apartment house 3. Three faculty cottages 4. Three FWA classroom buildings 5. Sewer line connecting apartment house and faculty cottages
with the main city sewage system
UNIVERSITY SYSTEM CENTER
1. Institution building .2. Gymnasium-auditorium
GEORGIA STATE COLLEGE FOR WOMEN
1. Ten rooms on ground floor of Terrell B Residence Hall 2. Three classrooms, four offices, and other smaller rooms on
ground floor of Chappell Hall 3. Two family apartments, four bedrooms, recreation hall on
ground floor of Terrell Hall 4. Ceramics studio added on ground floor of Porter Hall 5. Radio studio installed in Arts Building
SOUTH GEORGIA COLLEGE
l. Science building
GEORGIA TEACHERS CoLLEGE
1. Two apartment buildings for veteran students
24

ABRAHAM BALDWIN AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE
1. Two laboratory buildings 2. Four housing units containing six apartments
GEORGIA SOUTHWESTERN COLLEGE
1. Eighteen apartments for married veterans 2. Annex to Day Student Building which houses twenty-one
students 3. Kitchen modernized, saved $600 per month ia labor costs 4. Basement in Sanford Hall completed 5. Classroom building containing three large classrooms and two
laboratories
ALBANY STATE COLLEGE
1. 6,000 square feet of temporary classroom space 2. Thirty apartments for veterans 3. Repairs and renovation in kitchen
GEORGIA EXPERIMENT STATION
1. One tenant house
MIDDLE GEORGIA COLLEGE
1. Five apartments to house married veteran students 2. One faculty apartment building 3. Laboratory building which was donated by the government
GIFTS
Gifts from organizations and individuals as reported by the units of the system are listed below:
University of c-ria General Education Board, for development of a research
program on diseases of plants and animals..........................$ 30,000.00 Sears, Roebuck and Company, for scholarships for first year
students in agriculture............................................................ 1,200.00 Farm Equipment Company of Atlanta, for scholarships for
first year students in agricultural engineering................ 325.00 American Cyanamid Company, for a student assistantship 600.00 American Potash Company, for graduate fellowship in agro-
nomy ............................................................................................ 1,000.00 Texas Gulf Sulphur Company, for graduate fellowship in
agronomy .................................................................................." 1,200.00 Southern Dairies, Incorporated, for two student assistant-
ships in dairy husbandry........................................................ 300.00 Wells Dairies, for two student assistantships in dairy
husbandry .................................................................................. 300.00 Brown, Rogers, Dixson Company, for two student assistant-
ships in dairy husbandry.......................................................... 300.00
25

Ball Brothers, for food container research................................ General Mills, Incorporated, for nutrition education studiel!l Miscellaneous books for library.from 65 CQDtributors Tennessee Valley Authority, for farm products research...... Trebor Foundation, for School of Forestry.............................. Edward Shorter, for department of art.................................... University Center, for visiting professor of biology from
Harvard University ................................................................ Miscellaneous cash gift to department of musi~...................... Miscellaneous cash gifts to department of landscape archi-
tecture ........................................................................................ Judge Price Gilbert, for University Press..................................
Young Peoples Department of Druid Hills Methodist Church
of Atlanta, for Loan Fund.................................................... Alfred H. Holbrook, 43 additional paintings to the depart-
ment of art, valued at............................................................. Friends and alumni, gifts to University of Georgia Founda-
tion .............................................................................................. The Carnegie Foundation, grants-in-aid for nine faculty
members.

1,000.00 7,919.13
5,000.00 1,000.00
700.00
800.00 235.00
495.00 1,000.00
170.00
50,000.00
55,000.00

Georgia School of Technology
City of Atlanta, for campus improvements..............................$ 25,000.00 Fulton County, for campus improvements................................ 25,000.00 State Highway Department, road improvements.................... 125,000.00 Georgia Tech Alumni Foundation, for various projects........ 30,000.00 Textile Education Foundation, to supplement and augment
the budget of the textile department...................................... 12,500.00 Georgia Hotel Association, contribution toward the hotel
management option in industrial management.................... 11,000.00 National Safety Council, to supplement and augment the
budget of the department of safety engineering................ 8,000.00 Gene~al ~~uc!ltion Board, for purchase of books and unusual
scientific Instruments .............................................................. 30,000.00 Various organizations, miscellaneous gifts of electronic and
radio equipment ........................................................................ 1,000.00 The Carnegie Foundation, grants-in-aid for three faculty
members.

North Georgia College
Mr. John H. Moore, Sr., contribution to Moore Student Loan Fund ............................................................................................

2,000.00

Georgia State College for Women
Rockefeller Foundation, grant for research work in genetics Judge S. Price Gilbert, for development of "Mary Gilbert
Park" .......................................................................................... Mr. L. N. Jordan, for an electric water heater..,..................... Hawkinsville Chapter of the D.A.R., contribution to the
Callie C. Bell D.A.R. Loan Fund............................................ Hawkinsville Chapter of the D.A.R., contribution to the
Grace Beatty Watson D.A.R. Loan Fund............................ Second Ponce de Leon Baptist Church in Atlanta, contribu-
tion to the Corrie Hoyt Brown Loan Fund....................... Investment in the Lowe Fund for scholarship........................ Trebor Foundation, to provide education for Georgia girls
designated by the Governor of the State of Georgia.........

10,000.00
7,181.29 175.00
57.34
57.84
150.00 41.31
500.00

26

Y.W.C.A. Building Fund. transferred as a repayment of funds extended for the completion of the wing of Beeson Hall which provides permanent quarters for the Y. W. C.
A. Fund used for the development of "Mary Gilbert Park" ..........................................................................................

3,899.86

West Georgia College
Julius Rosenwald Foundation, for teacher education.............. 10,000.00 Whiteside Foundation, for scholarships.................................... 500.00

Albany State College
Contributions for prizes awarded on Honors Day.................... Contributions for college bus........................................................

600.00 3,700.00

Georgia Experiment Station
American Potash Company, for study of seasonal variation in plant foods as influenced by crops..................................
Cotton Research Committee of Texas, for microscopic study of cotton seed..............................................................................
Dow Chemical Company, to carry on research work on the control of wild onions with 2,40............................................
Freeport Sulphur Company, for experiments with dusting peanuts ......................................................................................
Georgia Ice Manufacturers, for study on the ability of cracked ice to preserve the ascorbic acid content, weight, appearance, and edible quality in a selected group of vegetables as compared with the same vegetables un-iced
Georgia Power Company, for corn breeding............................ International Mineral and Chemical Company, to carry on
nutritional studies on winter grazing problems................ National Peanut Council, for experiments with peanut
butter, peanut oil, and peanut insects.................................. Refrigeration Research Foundation, to determine the effects
of refrigeration on peanuts and peanut products.......,...... Solvay Process Company, to conduct research with peeling
vegetables .................................................................................. Tennessee Valley Authority, for cooperative tests with fer-
tilizers and growing and processing fruits and vegetables

1,500.00 175.00 800.00 450.00
1,100.00 1,000.00 3,200.00 2,096.50 2,650.00 1,355.35 28,428.00

Fort Valley State College
The Carnegie Corporation............................................................ United States Office of Education.............................................. Radio Station WMAZ, scholarship divided between two
studentS ...................................................................................... Julius Rosenwald Fund (final grant) ........................................

4,000.00 1,500.00
100.00 7,000.00

Georaia State Woman Colleae
Contribution for college purposes................................................ Citizens of Valdosta, azalea bushes. Mrs. R. B. Whitehead, camellia bushes.

1,000.00

27

DEATHS
The following losses to the University System through death are regretfully reported:
Board of Regents of the University System of Georgia Mr. Marion Smith, chairman
University of Georgia Dr. Richard Holmes Powell, dean of coordinate college Dr. Will David Howe, visiting professor in the English department
Georgia School of Technology Dr. W. Vernon Skiles, executive dean emeritus of mathematics Mr. James William Healy, foundry foreman
Division of General Extension Mr. Joseph Coachman Wardlaw, director
University of Georgia School of Medicine Dr. Joseph Krafka, professor of microscopic anatomy Dr. Lucius Todd, professor of tuberculosis Dr. William Henry Goodrich, professor emeritus of clinical gynecology
South Georgia College Mr. Joseph Meriwether Thrash, president
Abraham Baldwin Agricultural College Dr. Claude Gray, registrar and treasurer
CONCLUSION
The Board of Regents is grateful for the splendid services rendered during the year by the heads, faculties, and other personnel in the system. They have given much of their time and ability in helping to solve the problems confronting the board and the system. The board is conscious of the handicaps under which they have worked and of the personal sacrifices they have made, in many instances without adequate compensation.
The Board of Regents invites the Governor and the General Assembly to continue and to expand their cooperation with it in the program for the improvement of the University System, to the end that it may become one of the outstanding educational organizations of the Southeast.
Respectfully submitted,
POPE F. BROCK, Chairman
28

EXCERPTS FROM THE ANNUAL REPORTS OF THE
UNITS OF THE UNIVERSITY SYSTEM OF GEORGIA

- UNIVERSITY OF GEORGIA ATHENS

EVENING SCHOOL AND JUNIOR COLLEGE IN ATLANTA DIVISION OF GENERAL EXTENSION
On May 7, 1947, by the action of the Board of Regents, the Evening School and Junior College in Atlanta, commonly known as the University System Center, and also the Division of General Extension were made parts of the University of Georgia in Athens. Conferences are now being held for the purpose of integrating and correlating the work of these Atlanta institutions with the work of the University of Georgia in Athens.

SERVICE TO THE PUBLIC
The University of Georgia undertakes to serve the state by educating its youth, by studying and offering solutions to the problems with which the people of the state are confronted, by striving to improve every phase of the life of Georgia. The modern state university does not restrict its educational program to those who register as students; it undertakes to disseminate useful knowledge among all who will be benefited by it. With this thought in mind, the University of Georgia strives to reach and help all citizens of Georgia who may be in need of any service that it can render.
The College of Agriculture during the past year has conducted the following short courses for adult citizens of Georgia.

Title of Course

Number in Attendance

Farm Finance ------------------------------------------------ 400 Livestock Production ________________ ____________________ 200

Rural Electrification ------------------------------------ 120 House Planning -------------------------------------------- 13 Farm Shops _------------------------------------------------ 4 26 Farm Machinery -------------------------------------------- 4 26 Teacher's Refresher ____________________ ___________________ 30 1 Canning Plant Layout___________________________________ 40 Freezer Locker Operation________________________________ 190
Dairy Production ------------------------------------------ 4 50 Dairy Manufacturing ------------------------------------ 15 0

30

Freezing Meats ---------------------------------- 160 Community Canning ----------------------------------- 17 3 Floriculture __ ------------~-------------_::___________________ 3 10 Garden School ----------------------------------------- 300 Blood testing and Flock Selection__________________ 110 Poultry Production -------------------------------------- 100 Broiler Production -------------------------------------- 200 Poultry Management ------------------------------------ 185
Total ___ ---------------------------------------------4,254
During the summer of 1946 the College of Education conducted workshops for teachers in Dublin, Griffin, LaGrange, Blue Ridge, Rome, and Ringgold. Several hundred teachers attend these workshops each summer and thereby prepare themselves to render a better service to the public schools of Georgia. Throughout the year the College qf Education, in cooperation with Emory University and Agnes Scott College, conducted an in-service training for the teachers of the Atlanta area. Investigation reveals that most of the teachers who attend the workshops would not be able to go to the campus of a college or university for the work that they need.
The School of Journalism conducts in February of each year an institute for the newspaper editors of the state. This school also sponsors an institute for radio broadcasters.
Other departments of the university conduct similar institutes and short courses.
Illustrative of another type of service rendered by the university is the work of the College of Agriculture in making soil analyses for farmers, in supplying plans for farm buildings, and in diagnosing diseases of plants and animals. During the past year the soil testing service analyzed 8,030 soil samples for farmers and advised them what crops should be groW1n on various soils and what types of fertilizers should be used. The department of agricultural engineering supplied the farmers of Georgia with 2,405 sets of plans for farm buildings. The department of poultry husbandry made more than 1.000 diagnoses of sick and diseased fowls. The departments of the College of Agriculture answered more than 50,000 requests for information and bulletins on various subjects. Many other departments of the university give to Georgians the same kind of helpful service.
31

The number of visitors to the university for conferences with faculty members on problems in which they are interested is astoundingly large. The College of Agriculture receives many visitors during the year since it conducts many different types of farming enterprises and operates several agricultural industries that are Qf particular interest to those concerned with farm problems. However, the faculty members of the university are not content to sit and wait for citizens to come to Athens; they find frequent opportunities to go to the people in all parts of Georgia.
GEORGIA SCHOOL OF TECHNOLOGY
ATLANTA
GRADUATE PROGRAM
The graduate division shows excellent growth from 45 students a year ago to 138 in 1947. Many of the departments show about as many graduate students studying under their direction as they had senior students before the war. On June 11. 1947, the M.S. degree was awarded to thirty-nine students. This is a larger number than was enrolled in the graduate division before the war. Two years ago the regents authorized Georgia Tech to confer the Ph.D. degree. Only two departments, chemical engineering and electrical engineering, are staffed and equipped to offer that degree at the present time. It is important that facilities to offer the Ph.D. be made available in other fields, especially aeronautical, civil. and mechanical engineering.
The graduate program should provide intensive functional training to crown a broad, basic, fundamental education at the undergraduate level. It is essentially training for research in the pure sciences, training for research, development, and highly technical design in the engineering fields, and training for administration and management.
In the development of the graduate program at Georgia Tech a study will be made to discover how the needs of the state can best be served by the facilities and personnel of the graduate division. Areas of need and the ability of Georgia Tech to meet the need will be correlated, and the areas ranked according to their importance and our competence in the areas.
32

A long-range plan can evolve from the study, and from this plan each year's program may be l~id out in_line with our possible resources. The development can be carried forward, not in all areas at once, but in the most important areas and in a logical order, developing an area or additional areas at a time, as our resources and circumstances permit. The development of a strong program at the doctorate level is particularly dependent upon such a plan.
Any area that is developed will be dependent upon chemistry, physics, mathematics, or combinations of these. Therefore, it will be very difficult, if not impossible, to develop engineering departments able to offer the Ph.D. degree without being strong in the underlying science, for our engineering is applied chemistry and physics, with mathematics as a principal tool.
It is axiomatic that the undergraduate educational divisions will profit from the development of graduate work. Increased competence and increased interest will result, and will permeate to the undergraduate students. They will be aroused and their motivation will be increased.
The building of a competent staff is of the utmost importance to the effective operation of all divisions, and since most of our departdnents are engineering, there needs to be close cooperation between the graduate division, the engineering division, and the engineering experiment station.
CO-OPERATIVE DIVISION
The co-operative division is adjusting itself very rapidly and satisfactorily to the new quarter system and the post-war reconstruction period. It will be several years before this division is back to its prewar enrollment. Because of the fact that 80 per cent of our students are veterans, most of the men feel that time is more precious to them than the additional training and financial assistance which would come to them through the five-year co-operative plan. As we enroll more boys of eighteen years of age, this situation will change. The co-operative plan offers many inherent advantages over the standard four-year course, and as time goes on, more and more students will come to recognize these advantages and be willing to spend the extra year in better preparation for their life's work.
EXTENSION DIVISION
One of the most serviceable and profitable divisions of Georgia Tech is the extension division. This division doubled its enroll-
33

ment in 1946-47. It is just beginning-the enrollment in the extension division should surpass. that of t}le full-time day students in a few years. More and more people are coming to realize that education and training cannot stop simply because one has graduated from high school or college. Adult education is increasingly important. The students of the extension division are not seeking academic credit. They are seeking knowledge and self-improvement. During the year 3,686 students benefited by this work.
STATE ENGINEERING EXPERIMENT STATION
During 1946-47 the state engineering experiment station had the busiest year since its formation. Practically all phases of its activity were expanded except that of station-sponsored projects of a fundamental nature. Several additional new functions were initiated. Extensive research programs were carried out on subjects related to national security and on industrial research. Work was also carried out on studies sponsored by this station of a fundamental nature and on research directed toward the study and develoJilment of the state's industry and natural resources.
a. Project Operations
Thirty major research projects and eighteen minor research or special jobs were prosecuted during 1946-47, requiring the full-time services of sixty-six persons and the part-time services of one hundred others. A number of these projects are concerned with problems of particular interest to Georgia. Extensive cooperation continues to be given to governmental and military agencies, both Army and Navy, in their research efforts.
Progress reports on a number of the station's research projects and on other activities of its staff have been published in the form of technical bulletins and articles. So far this year, sixteen separate publications have appeared. In addition, fourteen articles describing station activities appeared in The Research Engineer. At the present time, reports on the progress of ten other projects or on other activities are in the process of preparation. These publications do not represent all of the station's progress reports, since many projects are of a nature that publication of results cannot be made until a later date. Patent applications have been made which are based on the work of several of the projects.
The continued effort toward strengthening the industrial research part of the program has resulted in the undertaking of additional
34

outside sponsored researches as well as the utilization of additional staff members in directing and consultiJlg capacities. New contacts have been made with industries, industry groups, and scientific and engineering societies, from which additional cooperative programs are certain to develop.
Most of the projects performed for outside organizations were contracted for through the Georgia Tech Research Institute, which has completed its first full year of operation. To date the contracts for twenty-two projects, including those of a minor nature, were handled through the institute.
b. New Projects
The addition of new projects in 1946-47 is noteworthy. Approximately twenty major projects were inaugurated, together with an equal number of problems of lesser magnitude. In addition, two major projects undertaken late in 1945-46 were activated during the year.
A discussion of new projects is obviously only a partial picture of the statiom's activities, since continued research on projects in existence prior to July 1, 1946, is at least of equal volume. Nevertheless, the vitality of a research organization is measured by its ability to obtain new projects of real importance, and in this respect the station shows signs not only of continued activity but also of continued growth. Moreover, the fact that about half of the station's program is concerned with problems started in preceding years is evidence that balance is also being maintained, since longterm projects are of great importance to the efficient operation of a research organization.
It is pertinent to note that, among the major projects, one is concerned with the spectrographic analysis of kaolin, a major Georgia product; another deals with weaving studies of cotton fabrics, a problem of considerable importance to the textile industry in Georgia and the natio!1; another deals with the processing studies of ramie fibers and fabrics, which is of growing importance to Southern industry; an.:i. a fourth is concerned with a detailed study of techniques for the analysis of water and sewage, a subject of importance to every community and state.
35

ATLANTA DIVISION, UNIVERSITY OF GEORGIA
ATLANTA
The program of integration of the former University System Center, Atlanta, with the University of Georgia, Athens, will soon find much favor with Georgians from every part of the state. The same successful placement and part-time employment system for students in more than eight hundred Atlanta business houses, which has made the Atlanta institution so popular in enrollment during the past twenty years, may now, under the proposed integration with the University of Georgia, enlarge a service to Georgia boys and girls in giving them higher education while solving their economic problems.
The library now has 25,000 books, and plans are already being considered by the consulting engineer of the University System of Georgia for a new library building facing the fifty-three foot frontage on Hurt Park. The staff has already been enlarged by adding a librarian from the staff of one of the outstanding institutional libraries in the country.
During the past year, in order to take care of the enlarged enrollment, fifty-five faculty members were added.
The foresight of the Board of Regents in establishing a physical program in the present location made this institution the best prepared of any to enroll and teach comfortably the big group of G.I. students asking admission in all institutions.
UNIVERSITY OF GEORGIA SCHOOL OF MEDICINE
AUGUSTA
SIZE OF STUDENT BODY
The 1945-46 report called attention to the fact that the School of Medicine has a larger enrollment than any of the following wellknown medical schools: University of Southern California, Stanford University, University of Chicago, University of Colorado, Yale University, Boston University School of Medicine, Wayne University College of Medicine, and Vanderbilt University School of Medicine. This comparison still holds, and it is necessary to em-
36

phasize the fact that it will be possible to enlarge the student body only by providing a marked increase in-the clinical facilities of the institution. Such an increase can be accomplished by carrying out the provisions made in the recommendations of a "Plan for Bigger and Better Service for Georgia.''
Because of the very large number of veteran students desiring to study medicine, considerable pressure has been brought to bear to increase enrollments of medical schools throughout the country. Some other schools admit more students quite readily, particularly in the larger centers of population where sufficient hospitals are easily available for providing clinical material. However, a number of medical schools in the smaller cities cannot increase enrollments unless large state hospitals are conducted in connection with the medical schools, as in Charlottesville, Virginia; Ann Arbor, Michigan; and Iowa City, Iowa.
It will be possible to increase the size of the student body in our school to one hundred students per class if sufficient funds are provided and a state hospital constructed on the campus. This increase will be easier still if the plan for an adequate health servi.ce for Georgia is carried out.
COMMITTEE APPOINTED TO VISIT OTHER MEDICAL SCHOOLS
At a meeting of the Board of Regents held at the School of Medicine on October 11, 1945, a committee was appointed to inspect four state university medical schools situated in small cities and operating large general state hospitals. The schools recommended for a visit were the University of Virginia at Charlottesville, the University of Iowa at Iowa City, the University of Michigan at Ann Arbor, and the University of Wisconsin at Madison.
The need of a visitation to these schools is still urgent in order for the regents to be informed properly concerning the urgent need of a general state hospital on the campus of the University of Georgia School of Medicine.
RELATIONSHIP WITH UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL
Attention is called once more to the following paragraph taken from the preceding report:
"The need for a formal contract between the School of Medicine (Regents of the University System of Georgia) and the University
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Hospital (Hospital Authority of the City of Augusta) cannot be too strongly emphasized. The contract of 1911 was abrogated in 1936 when it was necessary to. deed ceruin lands to the Regents for the construction of the Dugas and Murphey Buildings. Tentative contracts have been submitted by the Dean of the Medical School and by the City Attorney, but neither of these has been acted upon by both parties. A mutually agreeable contract should be drawn up and signed at the earliest possible moment."
RECOMMENDATIONS CONCERNING STUDENTS
It is very much to be desired that rural communities in need of physicians furnish offices and equipment and pay a small stipend to encourage physicians to locate in these communities. It would be much better if small, well-equipped hospitals were built by several rural counties on a share-the-cost. basis. Under such conditions young physicians might be attracted to such communities without requiring scholarships. It costs at least three thousand dollars for a medical education in the less expensive schools. A young physician cannot afford to practice in a small community where a good living cannot be made, especially if he must repay debts incurred in obtaining a medical education.
It is strongly urged that the Regents of the University System memorialize the State Board of Medical Examiners to require an internship of one year in a hospital approved by the board before licensing anyone to practice medicine in Georgia.
PLAN FOR AN ADEQUATE HEALTH SERVICE IN GEORGIA
It is my desire to be placed on record as having made these recommendations for the improvement of medical care in Georgia: ( 1) that a state hospital authority be created and given the complete control of the business management of all state hospitals, including the infirmaries at state prisons and all other institutions where patients are treated at the expense of the state; (2) that the medical and surgical supervision of all such hospitals and infirmaries be placed under the control of the School of Medicine; (3) that ample funds be appropriated to the School of Medicbe to provide physicians for these institutions, these physicians to hold fa-culty appointments in the School of Medicine; ( 4) that a gene:al state hospital be erected on the campus of the University of Georgia School of Medicine and
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conducted by the aforesaid state hospital authority, while its medical and surgical control shall be vested in the faculty of the School of Medicine; (5) that every member of the graduating class each year be required to serve a rotating internship of one year in these various institutions and the degree of Doctor of Medicine be withheld until the satisfactory completion of this year of internship.
NORTH GEORGIA COLLEGE
DAHLONEGA
THE FIRST SENIOR COLLEGE YEAR
Events of the current year clearly establish the wisdom of the Board of Regents' decision to re-convert North Georgia College to a degree-granting college. While limited capacity precludes the possibility of a larger enrollment, there has been :1 si,gnificant shift in a class membership during this first senior year. The reconversion was authorized February 14, 1946, on which date only freshman and sophomore students were enrolled, but with the opening of the fall quarter there were forty-two juniors and eight seniors. In the winter quarter forty-seven students had earned junior rank. This upward shift in class membership has only begun. It will continue to gather momentum but necessarily must be limited, not only by normal student mor~ality, but also by the necessity of admitting fewer freshmen. This within itself argues strongly for the early erection of at least two additional dormitories. Without increased capacity the senior college development is restricted.
SUMMER QUARTER POSSIBILITIES
While North Georgia has no desire to be known as a traditional teacher training institution, it must along with all other colleges encourage students to enter the teaching profession if the existing shortages are to be overcome. Many public school teachers, and even officials of the State Department of Education, have expressed hope that the regents will develop in Dahlonega a summer term with special attractive offerings and advantages fully comparable to the section's unusual summer mountain climate, its scenic beauty and its opportunities fer outdoor recreation. A very wonderful service can thus be rendered the state, and the president hopes later to submit recommendations to the chancellor.
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GEORGIA STATE COLLEGE FOR WOMEN
MILLEDGEVILLE""
STANDARDS
An eternal job in any college is that of achieving and maintaining high standards of academic work. Measured by most standards, this college is doing a good job. Forty-one of this year's graduates are planning to do advanced work in graduate schools over the nation. An informal survey was made during the past year with a view to future recognition by the Association of American Universities.
One bright spot is the recognition by the Rockefeller Foundation of the research work of one of our men in biology. This foundation has made a grant of $10,000 to the college in order that Dr. Clyde E. Keeler may continue his research in genetics.
GENERAL EDUCATIONAL PROGRAM
The decisive change that was made last year in the reorganization of the general education program has been put into operation. Current educational literature shows that we are on the right track in requiring a broad cultural background before specialization begins. As yet, it is too early to evaluate the results of this change. There have been, however, many encouraging comments from faculty and students alike. One negative aspect seems to be the fact that our present program all but eliminates the electives in some fields. This is a problem that will have to be studied and worked out by each division.
CURRICULUM CHANGES
By and large there have been only minor changes m the programs of the various divisions.
In the division of fine arts a course in ceramics was reintroduced.
Noticeable effort has been made by the division of languages and literature to cope with the handicaps in English that a large number of our students show. A policy of interdepartmental cooperation on student English was agreed upon by the faculty. Though in reality the plan has not yet been fully put into effect, there is an increasing awareness on the part of the entire college staff that conspicuous deficiencies ir. oral and written English should be referred to the department of E "'.glish for remedial attention.
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In the division of science and mathematics, the department of biology has completely reorganized its ..freshman course. The department of chemistry has added two courses in physical chemistry and re-oriented one section in general chemistry toward the needs of students in home economics.
Current educational thinking concludes that it is one of the foremost obligations of colleges to give greater spiritual awareness to young people. It was felt, therefore, that the departments whose work is predominantly in that area should be given a more prominent place in the academic organization. For this reason, the executive committee confirmed the setting up of a new division of philosophy, psychology, and religion under the chairmanship of Dr. George Beiswanger, head of the department of philosophy.
NEW COURSES UNDER CONSIDERATION
The following new courses are planned by these divisions: division of home economics, a course in family education; division of language and literature, a course in introductory German; division of philosophy, psychology, and religion, a course in logic and a course in religion (non-sectarian) ; division of social science, a course in introductory social work; interdivisional, an integrated course on the contemporary scene for seniors (possibly offered as a symposium).
COMMUNITY AND STATE SERVICES PERFORMED
The laboratory school has contributed to the community and to the state through the school as an institution, through its pupils, and through individual members of the staff. An example of contribution through the school is the use which was made of the school by the teachers in Montgomery County. Under the direction of the county supervisor, Mrs. A. M. Huele, small groups visited the school over a period of several months, spending the day in observation and conferences, and returning to improve practices in the Montgomery County Schools.
During the year a class of thirty students majoring in education at Wesleyan College spent a day at the school in conference and observation. A group of students from Georgia Southwestern College visited the college and utilized the laboratory schools in observation and conferences. The groups of supervisors-in-training spent a week each on the campus, utilizing the resou~ces of the school.
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All of the community needs in which the school was asked to have a part have been responded to. The pup1ls generously cooperated in such efforts as the sale of Christmas Seals, the Red Cross campaign, the Cancer Drive, and similar efforts. In the high school, students have participated in the "Town Meetings of the Air," and faculty members have participated and served as judges.
Though the student teacher load has not been heavy, especially in the elementary school, the school has been fully used for demonstration and observation purposes and for the study of children. An approximate estimate of the number of people served in this way is about one hundred a week, or a total of approximately thirty-two hundred. Some of the individuals and groups are as follows:
1. Classes in the education courses in college. 2. Individuals not enrolled in education classes. 3. Groups from various .counties in the state. 4. Groups from other colleges in the state. 5. Supervisors-in-training in the state. 6. Individuals from various parts of the state. 7. Majors in physical education, music, and home economics.
PROPOSED PROGRAM FOR FUTURE DEVELOPMENT
Over five thousand college graduates each year must enter the teaching profession in order to bring Georgia up to the standards set up by the State Board of Education. All institutions of higher learning in Georgia, both private and public, now furnish less than five hundred teachers a year. There is a crying need to begin an expanded teacher-training program in earnest. This college now furnishes more teachers than any other institution of learning in the state, and it should be equipped to double its program. The college does not begin to meet the demands in other fields.
GEORGIA TEACHERS COLLEGE
STATESBORO
CURRICULUM
Recent years have seen the curriculum of Georgia Teachers College undergo very definite and progressive changes. With the school year of 1947-48 the curriculum of the college will have a base broad enough to off~r the courses found in the best teacher colleges
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of the nation. Teacher preparation is offered in eight academic divisions, each well organized within itself and well coordinated with
all other divisions. General education i; offered to and required
of all students through a core curriculum which all must take. This is the education needed by students to integrate them into the life of the state, the nation, and the world in our time. Then each student must choose his area or field of specialization and prepare himself to teach the particular age child and the particular field of knowledge which appeals to him and through which he believes he can make the best contribution. The eight areas of specializations are:
I. The arts-fine, industrial home. 2. Business-typing, stenography, bookkeeping, and related
activities. 3. Health and physical education. 4. Languages-English, French, Spanish, speech. 5. Library-science and practice. 6. Music-band, music education, orchestra, organ, piano, voice. 7. Exact sciences-biology, chemistry, mathematics, nature
study, physics. 8. Social sciences~conomics, geography, history, political
science, sociology.
Beside these eight areas of subject matter specialization, the college emphasizes professional education as an over-all subject to serve as the means of interpretation, integration, and application of all subject matter knowledge. This is done through courses in psychology, child growth and development, methods of teaching, and practice teaching. With the aforementioned subject matter and education courses plus student teaching, it is possible for a person who desires to teach to equip himself for any phase of teaching in the public schools of Georgia except that of vocational agriculture.
SELECTION AND IMPROVEMENT OF FACULTY
Of the many tasks to which the president of a teachers college must devote himself, the most important is that of the selection, the placement, and the stimulation of the faculty members. Each should be selected to fill a distinct need. In choosing a new member one must clearly sense the need and must measure the faculty prospect to see if he will fill the need. He must be chosen according to academic qualifications, age, and experience. Due consideration must
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be given to members of the staff already engaged. The rank and salary of the new member cannot exceed-.that of other comparable members; otherwise injustice and criticism will result.
Recent years have presented many problems in trying to hold these standards and at the same time restaff a faculty with strong members to take the places of those who have left the institution. As a result of much effort and the wise action of the regents, we shall be able next session to offer once more a full program of studies as broad as that offered in 1940-41. Graduate schools have granted few degrees since 1941, and well-qualified college teachers are therefore difficult to locate and secure. Even so, the staff of 1947-48 will be a credit to the University System of Georgia.
THE GEORGIA STATE WOMANS COLLEGE
VALDOSTA
The Georgia State Womans College had a capacity enrollment during the academic year. This was also true of the previous year, and the indications are that it will be true of the coming year.
The graduation in June was the culmination of what has been an excellent year in every way. Fifth-one students, comprising the largest graduation class in the history of the college, received the degrees of bachelor of arts and bachelor of science-thirty-five and sixteen respectively. As this institution is a woman's college, it has not had a large number of veterans; only five were registered during the year. Two of these were members of the graduating class. As a result of our plan of giving an opportunity for individual study to the exceptional student, one of the graduates received both individual honors and departmental honors in English. The cumulative enrollment for the academic year was three hundred and seventytwo students.
DIVISION OF GENERAL EXTENSION
ATHENS
GENERAL ACTIVITIES The general activities engaged in by this division are ( 1) the offering of correspondence courses through five of the senior colleges of the University System; (2) the conduct of extension classes in off-campus centers throughout the state; and ( 3) an audio-visual
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service through which films and recordings are made available to schools, colleges, and organizations who wish to use audio-visual aids for educational purposes.
The year 1946-47 brought a special problem to the University System when its institutions were unable to accept large numbers of students seeking admission because of already overcrowded conditions. The Division of General Extension made a concerted effort to provide instruction for as many of these as possible. How successful this effort has been is reflected in the greatly increased enrollment for correspondence and extension class instruction. Nearly five thousand students were enrolled for instruction during the year.
CORRESPONDENCE INSTRUCTION
Correspondence courses offered through this division are handled by the instructors who teach these same courses on the campuses of the institutions. Details of procedure in connection with the correspondence study program are handled by branch offices of the division at the several institutions.
The correspondence study student body is made up of teachers who, wish to advance their professional standing through further instruction while in service and of students who wish tO' continue their college work while they are unable to attend resident classes. By special contracts, correspondence instruction is made available to veterans under the G. I. Bill of Rights and to men and women in the armed services through the United States Armed Forces Institute.
EXTENSION CLASSES
Extension classes conducted throughout the state are taught by the division's full-time instructional staff and by faculty members of the various units of the University System on a part-time basis.
It is gratifying to report that the number of institutions cooperating in the extension teaching program this year has shown a remarkable increase. During the year 1945-46 extension classes were conducted by full-time staff members and by part-time instructors from two Negro units, the Fort Valley State College and the Georgia State College.
During the year 1946-47 the following institutions have cooperated in extension class instruction: The University of Georgia,
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the Georgia State College for Women, the Georgia State Womans College, South Georgia College, Georgia Southwestern College, the University System Center, and Fort Valley State College.
CONFERENCES ON ATOMIC ENERGY During the spring the division had the privilege of cooperating with the University of Georgia and the Association of SCientists for Atomic Education in conducting a series of ten state-wide conferences designed to enlighten the public on atomic energy. Through this division all details of arrangements for and conduct of the conferences were handled. Although this program was a tremendous undertaking, it met with success far beyond our highest expectations. The conferences were enthusiastically received by citizens of every community and a total audience of more than 15,000 persons was reached. The cooperation given this division by officials at the university, the members of the university political science speaking team, the Association of Scientists for Atomic Education, and by the local communities, was responsible for the success of the program.
The University of Georgia and the Division of General Extension have received many letters of commendation from citizens within and without the state regarding this special service rendered at a time when it was most needed.
Similar state-wide conferences have been conducted in the South by the extension divisions of the Universities of Tennessee, Virginia, North Carolina, and Florida, Clemson College in South Carolina, and Louisiana State University.
The Division of General Extension is cooperating in laying the groundwork in many communities in the state for a long-range study program on atomic energy.
PLANS AND RECOMMENDATIONS By action of the Board of Regents in May, 1947, the Division of General Extension was placed under the jurisdiction of the University of Georgia.
Trends in education throughout the nation have placed university extension divisions in a strategic position of leadership in all types of adult education. More demands will be made upon these agencies. In order to meet the challenge and to go forward with other state university extension divisions, the following plans have been approved for 1947-48.
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The division began July L 1947, a plan of teacher evaluation of educational films used in cl~ssroom a~d laboratory. The purpose of the teacher evaluation plan is to furnish to producers of educational films first-hand information as to the use of films in the classroom and the reaction of the students. Through such a plan the producers will be better able to shape their productions to meet the needs of the classroom.
The division anticipates the production of a film of the travelogue type on the institutions of the University System of Georgia. Because of the paucity of film material on Georgia, it is felt that such a film would be excellent for distribution in this state as well as in other states to give information on Georgia and her University System
It is recommended that a board of spe(ialists be selected to coaperate with the State Department of Education and work through the College of Education of the University of Georgia. They would be responsible for discovering and analyzing needs of teachers in service and completing arrangements for such needs to be met through this division. In addition, they would be expected to organize and teach classes.
It is recommended that the DivisiQn of General Extension and the University of Georgia be authorized to work out plans for organizing evening extension centers in Savannah, Columbus, Waycross, Gainesville, and later, other cities. It is recommended that approval be given so that courses completed at such extension centers may carry residence credit.
It is recommended that a program of short courses, institutes and conferences be inaugurated to serve the communities where there is a need for such service.
It is recommended that an advisory committee made up of those trained in audio-visual education in the University System of Georgia be created to study the use of audio-visual aids in this state. This committee would be responsible for planning the work of the University System in the training of teachers in the proper use and selection of audio-visual materials. The action in creating this committee, it is felt, is necessary to maintain for the University System its proper place of leadership in this rapidly expanding field. The University System has the personnel and facilities to maintain such leadership. and through proper organization and planning it can do so.
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GEORGIA SOUTHWESTERN COLLEGE
AMERICUS
EDUCATIONAL ACHIEVEMENTS
A guidance program of tests and personal counseling, together with a well-organized orientation course, has helped to steer a large number of students into more appropriate lines of endeavor, and has helped many to find themselves who entered college without definite goals.
The special feature of the work this year, in addition to the high level of student achievement and the excellent showing of our library, is our new guidance program.
It is a matter of especial pride that in the system-wide tests in chemistry, our students showed far above average achie.vement. We have reason to believe that they will do equally well on other comparative tests.
THE FUTURE
This is a combination junior college and normal, serving chiefly southwest Georgia. The enrollment has grown steadily since the institution came under the control of the Board of Regents, being slowed up only by the limited dormitory capacity. Each addition of dormitory space has been followed immediately by increased enrollment.
Since our non-veteran enrollment is the largest in the junior college group of the University System and since southwest Georgia affords a wide area from which to draw, the growth should be continuous.
Wi now have dormitory space for 160 girls and I 00 boys, supplemented by 18 FPHA apartments for married veterans.
Judging by tables prepared for the Legislative Committee too long to detail here, we should plan for not less than 500 boarding students plus 200 day students (local and commuting). Such an enrollment means doubling the present dormitory capacity plus corresponding increase in educational facilities.
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WEST GEORGIA COLLEGE
CARROLLTON'-
GENERAL STATEMENT
West Georgia College is a junior college of the University System of Georgia. It is an institution of merit and excellent facilities.
The school offers courses in the field of general education on the freshman and sophomore levels in conformity with the regulations of the University System and acceptable to standard colleges and universities of the state and the Southern Association of Schools and Colleges. The institution not only endeavors to maintain high scholastic standards, but constantly emphasizes activities leading to satisfactory social adjustments and opportunities for building responsible citizenship. Among these activities are speech classes, dramatics, debates, forums, physical education, music, art, and student participation in planning their work through guidance and counseling programs. For the first time in the history of the school, the scope of the offerings are general enough to meet the needs and interest of a varied group.
SPECIAL EMPHASIS
One original purpose of the institution specified particularly by the Board of Regents was to educate teachers for the elementary schools. Generous gifts, the sympathetic support of the chancellor and the regents, and the cooperating county of Carroll enabled the institution to achieve national recognition in this phase of work. The following testimony contained in the current issue of the Newsletter edited under the auspices of the American Council on Cooperation in Teacher Education, written by President Thomas of Teachers College, Fresno, California, summarizes the achievement of the fourteen years of the institution in this field of elementary education.
"This institution has developed a program of community service and relationships not only unequalled in Georgia, but probably the most distinctive example in the entire United States of what may be accomplished in this way. The college chose some years ago the responsibility of raising the level not only of education but of community life in general in the area which it serves. Five rural schools were chosen as the agencies through which to make contracts with the parents and to influence the occupations, social resources, and family
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life of the area. The results of these cases have been so spectacular that in one of these districts the little one-room Oak Mountain School was publicized by four pages of original drawings by Norman Rockwell for the Saturday Evening Post. Another one of the cooperating schools, at Sand Hill, was made the subject of an article on what could be done by way of bettering rural education by Harlan Logan, editor of Look Magazine. . . . The achievements of changing a community in which 70 per cent of the families were renters or sharecroppers into an enterprising community in which 80 per cent own their own homes-all within a period of eight years, through better diversification, selection of stock, and intelligent planning of crop rotation-is one in which any area may well take pride. A visit to the West Georgia College and its surrounding communities is a thrilling experience."
PROGRESS
Faculty study, growth, and cooperative planning for the institution have characterized the work at the college. Each year the faculty studies some specific phase of student life, suggests needed equipment and physical improvement, or makes analytical observations which, in its judgment, might improve the total program of the school.
Three members are doing this preliminary work for the opening in the fall. Their work proposals are illustrated by the brief listed below:
1. Orientation work on how to study, social ethics for college and life, and improved student government.
2. A testing and counseling program in which the faculty will assume a broader function in advising students in regard to their academic and personal problems.
3. Student committees to advise with faculty committees on curriculum, care of buildings and grounds, and dormitory life.
4. The establishment of a clinic with a trained nurse.
5. A faculty study for the improvement of college instruction to be undertaken during the fall quarter.
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The greatest advance on all levels of education seems to be in .the field of general education, or in the junior college area. To one working and studying in this ...field, it ;ppears there is a need of closer coordination and integration between the junior colleges and the senior divisions and graduate schools.
MIDDLE GEORGIA COLLEGE
COCHRAN
LIBRARY
The librarian reports that the total number of books in the library on June 30, 1947, is 9,454. The following information is evidence of the use of the library by the students of this institution:
Reserved books -----------------------------------------17,179 Non- reserved books ------------------------------------- 3, 99 2 Total circulation ---------------------- -------------------21.1 71 Daily average for reserves_____________________________ 66 Daily average for non-reserved______________________ 15.4
In addition to the books, t~e following periodicals and newspapers are available to the students: 101 periodicals, 3 daily papers, 1 weekly, 1 Sunday paper.
SOCIAL AND PHYSICAL WELFARE
During the past year about one dozen entertainments of a special cultural and recreational nature have been carefully planned and carried out. These include world travelers who have related their experiences and told of the influences at work in foreign countries; musical entertainments by artists from the outside; dances with orchestras; trips by bus to lakes, swimming places, cities, and fish frys. These entertainments are arranged so as not to interfere with work or other planned a<:tivities.
The college is a member of the Georgia Junior College Athletic Association. Almost every week there is opportunity for the students to see games. We especially sponsor football, baseball, and basketball.
The beautifully equipped social center on the campus is open and may be used every day by students and v~sitors. The average
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student has more opportunities for ~ood wholesome recreation and physical development than he h~s at his h_2me.
While we believe in a program of social and physical wdfare, we do not substitute play and recreation for work and mental development. Students need both, and their presence at college is assurance that they are here primarily fo.r mental development.
THE FUTURE
This college should by all means have another year of work added to give us two years which will meet the requirements at Georgia Tech for entrance into the junior class. The enrollment now warrants the expansion, and the work done in the first year of the Georgia Tech curriculum proves that we can and will do it satisfactorily.
This college has been doing one year of pre-engineering work, and therefore a large number, comparatively speaking, of the veterans have come here to get the first year work in science, engineering drawing, and mathematics. Such a program imposes on us heavy work for the number o.f students enrolled. It also requires much more equipment in chemistry and physics.
SOUTH GEORGIA COLLEGE
DOUGLAS
FUTURE DEVELOPMENT
To meet a demand and to satisfy a great need on the part of the students for music and the fine arts, the college will re-establish the fine arts department. During the ensuing year the college will offer training in piano, voice, and recitation. A new radio station, WDMG, located in the city of Douglas, is anxious to work out a series of programs with the proposed fine arts department. This will be a good advertising medium for our institution.
A department of physical education with a full time head and an assistant has been provided for in the new budget. Thus, a vastly expanded program of physical fitness and recreation will be put into operation.
The department of home economics, now housed in the girls' dormitory. will be moved into the central classroom building at the
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time the science departments are moved into their new building. This will make housing spa~e for twinty girl students available immediately.
The commerce department is being strengthened. The faculty has under consideration a revision of the curriculum to set up a oneyear terminal course for secretarial studies and a two-year terminal course for business administration. It is anticipated that these courses will meet a very definite demand in this section. Whenever possible, students will be persuaded to take the two-year terminal course, which will include secretarial studies, instead of the one-year secretarial terminal course. Another assistant professor will be added to this department. Many additional volumes on business, commerce, and economics will be added to the library as reference books in conjunction with these curricula.
A faculty committee is studying the feasibility of instituting a two-year pre-nursing curriculum in cooperation with training hospitals. It is believed that this can be accomplished with very little additional equipment and perhaps only one or two additional courses.
Student activities will increase in scope and effectiveness. A student government plan is now being promulgated which will allow greater student participation in all phases of campus life. A glee club, a band, debating teams. various hobby clubs and other forms of new activities will be inaugurated.
ABRAHAM BALDWIN AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE
TIFTON
SHORT COURSES
This year short courses were resumed after a lapse during the war years. These courses have been held for professional workers and farmers. Through cooperation with the Georgia Coastal Plain Experiment Station all professional agricultural groups working in South Georgia meet for intensive courses in the latest findings of the station. These groups include extension workers, teachers of vocational education, Farm Home supervisors, Soil Conservation supervisors, and Production Marketing supervisors. Farmers also are given short courses on an enterprise basis. During the year seven short courses have been held for farmers with a total enrollment of 548. In the five short courses held for professional workers, 353 people were enrolled.
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OTHER ENROLLMENTS
During the year 4-H Clubs and Flf'ture Farmers and Future Home-Makers have held district rallies at the college.
SCHOLASTIC ACHIEVEMENT
In spite of the large number of students, scholarship is at a comparatively high level. The inflow! of veterans has doubtless been responsible for this, since veterans take their educational opportunities more seriously than do those just out of high school. Their average is about one letter grade higher than that of the younger students. The teaching staff is the best we have had in recent years. The agricultural staff is augmented by specialists from the station who teach on a part-time basis. These men, because of their firsthand knowledge, do much to stimulate learning on the part of the students.
ALBANY STATE COLLEGE
ALBANY
CURRICULUM
The curriculum at the Albany State College may be roughly divided into the following areas: arts and crafts, commercial education, education, English, home economics, mathematics, health and physical education, social science, science, adult education, and veterans education.
At present only two degrees are offered, the B.S. in Elementary Education and the B.S. in Home Economics. Aside from these two degrees, the college offers a two-year course in commercial education. The time has come when the institution needs to broaden its curriculum. It is recommended that the liberal arts degree be offered with a major provided in at least three fields-science, social science, and languages.
STUDENT TEACHING PROGRAM
Perhaps the strongest phase of our curriculum is the studentteaching program. This program provides for observation, participation, on-campus tea"hing, and extra-mural teaching. During the year our students received experience in the following counties: Calhoun, Colquitt, Dougherty, Mitchell and Thomas. The program has been most effective and is being improved.
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COMMUNITY SERVICES
The college has continuedits effort- in adult education, which involve the techniques of an adult evening school, off campus classes, and short courses on the campus. Persons attend1ng the adult evening school receive no academic credit and pay no fees. Instruction is provided on a voluntary basis from the regular college staff.
During the year, especially during the commencement season, many members of staff were invited to communities as consultants and to make commencement addresses. The college has cooperated with the extension service, the Boy Scouts and other state and federal agencies which have as their major purpose the improvement of human relations. The college continues its leadership in teacher education of the state in that the president of the college is the chairman of the Georgia Committee on Cooperation in Teacher Education. The committee which formulated plans for using the week preceding the opening of school and the week following the closing of the public schools met at the Albany State College, and results reflected the contributions of institutional staff members. Their bulletin has won wide praise in the State Department of Education. It will probably be published and distributed throughout the state, going to every public school for the purpose of guidance. In view of the fact that the Albany State College has accepted as a definite part of its work the improvement of community life, we believe that much good has been accomplished during the year in this area of our activities.
LIBRARY
Library holdings have been increased from approximately 3,000 volumes two years ago to more than 11,000 at the present time. The library is subscribing to 171 periodicals, of which approximately 60 are in the field of education, and to 12 newspapers, of which 7 are daily and 5 weekly. Excluding reference books, cultural reading material, newspapers and magazines, the circulation of the library for the year just closed amounted to more than 16,000 books. Aside from the regular collection in the library we have been fortunate in building up a branch of approximately 700 books at our campus practice school, and we have been able to secure more than 500 of the state adopted text books. In addition, we have a nursery school collection and a P. T. A. collection.
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FORT VALLEY STATE COLLEGE
FORT 'VALLEY-
LAND GRANT COLLEGE
The Board of Regents at its meeting on June 11. 1947, authorized the designation of the Fort Valley State College as the land grant college for Negroes.
BOOK COLLECTION
Much emphasis has been placed on the selection of books for the library collection, with the idea of adding to a continually growing collection as well as looking forward to the addition of graduate work to the college. Another factor influencing the book collection was the addition of new courses in the college curriculum for which new collections were begun arid for which old collections were revised and extended.
A total number of 1,246 books have actually been placed on the shelves, 666 new books are in the catalog room waiting to be processed, and the bound periodicals added to the library during this year total 320.
CIRCULATION
The total number of books circulated during the year from July 1, 1946, through May 30, 1947, is 15,711. With a cumulative student enrollment of 546 for the school term 1946-47, the average number of books circulated per student is 27.8. This report does not include a record of periodicals and reference books, as they 'do not circulate. This year's total circulation of 15,711 . shows a 109.75 per cent increase in circulation over last year's total of 7,490.
ADULT EDUCATION
During the past year, the Fort Valley State College was one of a small group of institutions of higher learning selected to participate in an adult education project. The program was sponsored by the American Association for Adult Education, the Carnegie Corporation of New York, the National Conference on Adult Education and the Negro, and the U. S. Office of Education. The project for adult education of Negroes is experimental in its nature and is designed to attack the problem of illiteracy.
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The adult education project began September 30, 1946. The class, which met five nights per week.-had a total enrollment of sixty-five students, twenty of whom had no previous schooling.
The thirty-four male enrollees were principally unskilled workers engaged in such occupations as truck drivers, crate factory workers, flour mill workers, janitors, railroad workers, yardmen, and mechanics. The thirty-one women were principally domestic servants.
Teaching materials were developed from the every-day experiences of the students. For example, a truck driver was concerned about and interested in that phase of arithmetic which deals with weights and the filling out of delivery forms. To meet his needs, problems centering around weights and measures were used and experience in filling out forms was provided.
Others were taught to compute wages, make budgets, fill out money order forms, sign pay rolls, preside at meetings, write letters, and read newspapers and other material.
Through this project the Fort Valley State College is helping to attack one of the gravest problems facing Georgia and the South today-functional illiteracy.
CARNEGIE FOUNDATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF TEACHING
The Fort Valley State College has been signally honored in being chosen as one of ten Negro colleges to participate in an experimental program for grants-in-aid to members of the instructional staff. This .Program is based upon the belief that probably the greatest single need in American higher education today is to vitalize instruction.
The Carnegie Corporation, therefore, contributes $4,000.00 annually on condition that the college will make an annual contribution of $1,000.00. This sum may be used to carry on significant research and to stimulate creative activity among the members of our faculty. This experimt!nt will extend ovt!r a period of five years.
PRACTICAL ARTS INSTITUTE AND FESTIVAL
This event was held April 23-25, and attracted approximately thirty high school juniors and seniors and ten high school teachers
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of home economics. The utilization, of natural resources in shell craft, metalcraft, plastics, ceramics, and rus. weaving was emphasized.
RADIO BROADCASTS
The Fort Valley State College Choir, under the direction of J. Walker Freeman, presented a weekly broadcast over radio station WMAZ in Macon, Georgia. Besides providing a rich experience for the participants, these broadcasts have a high cultural value and serve as a very effective advertising medium for the college.
GEORGIA STATE COLLEGE
SAVANNAH
For the past eleven years the Georgia State College has held an annual tournament which is open to athletic-minded students in every section of the state. There has been constant and growing interest in this competitive basketball contest. This year there were over fifty competing teams registered at the college. These boys and girls represented some of the best in the Negro race. They showed by their fine sportsmanship that they are worthy young citizens of Georgia.
STATE-WIDE SPELLING MATCH, ORATORICAL AND MUSIC CONTESTS
This year the college held the third annual state-wide spelling match, oratorical and music contests. These contests were held at the same time that the college held the annual contests in basketball. This year musical, oratorical, and spelling talent from all of the most important cities of Georgia entered these contests. The popularity of these contests shows the increasing interest in the cultural phases of life. It is recommended that local contests be stimulated in all sections of Georgia and that the winners of these contests be sent to the state-wide annual meeting held at Georgia State College.
During the year, the first State-wide Soil Conservation Jamboree was held by Negroes for Negro farmers. Under the leadership of Georgia State College and the Association for the Advancement. of Negro Country Life, several hundred dollars in prizes were awarded to outstanding successful Negroes who had shown superior ability to improve the soil by following scientific methods in terracing and in using cover crops.
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Already this year eight southern states, including Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, G~9rgia, Fl2rida, Arkansas, Oklahoma and Texas, have followed the leadership of Georgia and arranged to select the outstanding Negro farmer for the year. At the Nation Jamboree which will be held at Log Cabin Center on August 6, one hundred dollars will be awarded to the outstanding Negro farmer of each of the southern states. Georgia is certainly leading in this most important and fundamental field.
BEEF CATTLE
Attention should be called to the fact that it was through the influence of Georgia <itate College that Negro boys and girls first started raising and showing beef cattle on the local and state markets in Georgia. Several of the other states, including Alabama and South Carolina, have followed Georgia's leadership.
Thousands of these boys and girls have learned how to understand and appreciate pure bred cattle. They have also learned the meaning and significance of livestock on the farm. The college cannot do too much to encourage these youngsters to become a part of this bigger state of the future when livestock will be basic and fundamental to progress in our state.
ADULT EDUCATION
The time has come for the colleges of Georgia to develop a realistic program of education for Negro adult men and women. Teachers who know from personal experience the problems of the men and women who make Georgia their home should be provided the opportunity to get closer to the people who live on the farms and in the small towns and challenge them to make a fully satisfying life for themselves right where they are. If the colleges are not to render this type of service, then, in my judgment, they are missing a real opportunity.
GEORGIA EXPERIMENT STATION
EXPERIMENT
PUBLICATIONS ISSUED
This has been a year of expansion for the Georgia Experiment Station in the way of disseminating information to citizens. Two
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types of publications have been undertaken which have proved popular. One is Research News, a ll}.onthly n~ws sheet, and the other is Aggi'e Events, also issued monthly, which lists agricultural meetings scheduled for the month. In addition, the station is issuing a news release to farmers, newspapers, and technical workers, covering each publication written. Each news release carries the essential facts of a study and saves the reader the time of reading an entire publication. Many favorable comments have been made on each of the three types of publicity.
Radio transcriptions were made during the year for WSB, and a schedule has been worked out for 1947, whereby the station will have a program every two weeks. Plans are being laid for a fifteenminute broadcast on Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays over a local station. This will be in cooperation with the Agricultural Extension Service, which will conduct programs on Tuesdays. Thursdays, and Saturdays.
VISITORS
More visitors than usual have come to the station for information during the year. These include veteran farm trainees, technical workers. and farmers. Also, ten field days and short courses have been held. While this service draws heavily on the time of the staff members, it is an excellent means of getting the results of the work into the hands of the people where it can be used.
THE HIGHLIGHTS OF THE YEAR'S WORK
During 1946-47 important steps forward in research have been taken in many fields. Some of the more important are discussed in this list of highlights of the year's work.
POTATOES
The introduction of superior table and starch-feed sweet potato varieties has been the aim of the station fqr a number of years. The Whitestar, a starch-feed variety will be officially introduced this year. After more extended trial. 129655, a superior processing table type. will be named and introduced within the near future.
Results over a period of several years indicate that it is not advisable to store summer-harvested Irish potatoes for the next year's planting. More satisfactory results can be obtained if northerng~own seed are planted each year. Storage of potato seed in this
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latitude from summer harvest until spring planting the following year can be successful only where controlled cold storage is available. Sprouting and deterioration is 'too rapid ~t temperatures higher than 40 F. Storage of the spring crop for seed to be planted where fall or winter potatoes are grown can probably be satisfactorily accomplished.
ASPARAGUS
To produce maximum yields of marketable spears, asparagus crowns should not be spaced farther than 18 inches apart, according to results thus far obtained. An even closer spacing, 12 inches, will result in greater yields during the first several cutting seasons.
EMPIRE COTTON
The development of Empire cotton has resulted in direct benefit to farmers because of the increased yield and acre value, and indirectly to the general public because of the high quality of the fiber. It is estimated that at least 150,000 acres of Empire are being grown this year. On the basis of higher yields and acre value shown by numerous tests conducted during the past five years, this acreage of Empire should give an increased income to the growers of from one to one-and-a-half million dollars. Empire is so well adapted to the cotton belt that it is being grown commercially in nine states. The rapidly increasing demand for Empire seed from other states provides an additional source of profit for Georgia farmers. It is estimated that approximately $200,000 worth of seed of Empire has been sold for planting in 1947, and this amount is expected to be increased as larger amounts of breeder seed and "year from breeder" seed are produced.
The development of a wilt-resistant type of Empire is of value to farmers. as it reduces or eliminates losses resulting from production of cotton on wilt-infected land. Adaptation of Empire for production both in north and south Georgia is of special importance to farmers in south Georgia, as it enables them to obtain seed of a wilt-resistant variety from north Georgia locations for planting when locally grown seed has been damaged by adverse weather conditions.
The Empire Pedigreed Seed Company, Haralson. Georgia, was formed this year for the exclusive purpose of increasing and distributing breedtr's seed of Empire cotton. This step in the multiplication of seed is under the direct supervision of the Georgia Experiment Station. Approximately 600 tons of seed were produced and
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distributed for planting in 1947. Every effort is being made to increase the number of one-variety communities in order to meet the great demand for seed.
CLOVER AND WHEAT
Four thousand pounds of Dixie crimson clover seed were distributed to fifty farmers in thirty counties of Georgia for planting in the fall of 1946. About 40,000 pounds of seed worth $10,000 to the growers should be harvested. Sufficient seed will be left on the ground to produce another crop next year.
More than 11.500 bushels of pure seed of Sanford wheat have been distributed by the Experiment Station to farmers in Georgia. It is estimated that 85 per cent of the wheat acreage in Georgia is Sanford. The estimated increased yield of Sanford in the state in dollars and cents is $795,340 annually. However, more rust and mildew resistance is needed in the wfheat for south Georgia. Results of variety tests of small grain are made available to farmers. On the basis of these tests, farmers have established a one-variety grain community.
Members of the Georgia Crop Improvement Association purchased 1.455 bushels of foundation stock seed of Sanford wheat and 1.552 bushels of Lega oats, both originated by the station, for planting in the fall of 1946. These large acreages planted with foundation stock seed of wheat and oats should assure Georgia farmers a much larger supply of high quality planting seed for 1947. The production of pure foundation grain seed will aid farmers in producing certified seed.
CORN
Corn variety and hybrid tests conducted for the last three years in all principal sections of the state indicate superiority of better adapted hybrids over our standard open-pollinated varieties. Many farmers have become interested in planting hybrid seed, and the acreage planted to hybrid seed has increased considerably for the last two years. A stiil greater hybrid corn acreage is expected this year. Our extensive variety and hybrid tests in no small way contributed to this increase in hybrid corn acreage. This year 600 pounds of the foundation single cross seed were produced in cooperation with the College of Agriculture and released to the growers to produce the Tennessee Hybrid 15.
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SOYBEAN
The Gatan soybean, originated by the station, is becoming more widely grown every year. Its 'popularity is due to high seed yields and the production of good quality hay. An increase block planted after small grain this year produced 20.5 bushels to the acre. The station had 15 0 bushels of seed for sale.
PEANUTS
Freshly shelled peanuts are practically free of insects but soon become infested when stored in ten ounce jute bags. Insects can be excluded from the peanuts by packing in bags of heavy, close-woven cotton ( 60 x 104 threads to the inch). It takes 5 per cent of DDT by weight to make a jute bag resistant to insect pests for twelve weeks. Tightly sealed paper liners and DDT combined are promising for making bags resistant to insect infestation.
A new un-na111ed peanut variety, 207 ~3. developed by the station. shows promise of increasing peanut yields. Processing tests may result in production of varieties for specific uses. Curing results indicate the possibility of mechanical harvesting with a much reduced labor cost.
Wilting runner peanuts before stacking has been recommended for reducing concealed damage. Wilting Spanish peanuts before stacking and attempting re-drying if stacks become wet during curing may be recommended for control of blue-black discoloration. These two phases of peanut research are still under further study. It does not seem practical to refrigerate unshelled peanuts.
CATTLE
Artificial insemination of dairy cattle has been expanded during the year to include breeding eighty-four cows. organizing two artificial insemination projects, training three inseminators, and teaching six groups of dairymen wlho came to the station to study artificial insemination techniques.
Preliminary investigations have shown that grass-fed beef animals grown out on milk from the dam and grass from well fertilized pastures tend' to produ'e firm meat. Beef sold from pastures treated at the rate of five tons ground limestone per acre brought the same price as beef from grain-fed animals.
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Several years ago the station began feeding dehydrated sweet potatoes to dairy cows. In 1946 the test was repeated and expanded to include a replication at the "Georgia e::oastal Plain Experiment Station, as well as an analysis of the vitamin content of the milk. These tests show that sweet potato meal is a palatable and satisfactory concentrate for dairy cows and that the milk produced is higher in carotene and vitamin A than from other carbohydrate feeds tested.
Many other facts were gathered during the year on the seventyfive projects carried on by the station. These different lines of work are of vital interest to farmers in all sections in the state. A thousand requests came to the station for one bulletin alone, which is testimony that the farmers of Georgia are looking to the Georgia Experiment Station for guidance in their agricultural problems.
GEORGIA COASTAL PLAIN EXPERIMENT STATION
TIFTON
GENERAL
The Georgia Coastal Plain Experiment Station carries on agricultural research applicable to three-fifths of the farming areas of Georgia. The farmers of this area make up slightly over one-half of the state's farming population and produce over sixty per cent of Georgia's agricultural income. Not only does this area produce all farm commodities common to the state, but also its enterprisestobacco, vegetable plants for shipment, naval stores, and sugar caneare strictly coastal plain enterprises. Peanuts are largely a product of the coastal plain, a11d a greater part of the livestock, truck crops, and pecans are produced in this area.
The departments of the station are Agricultural Economics, Agronomy, Animal Husbandry, Animal Diseases, Bee Culture, Engineering, Entomology, Hort~culture, Nematology, and Soils.
COTTON The station has developed a superior variety of upland cotton known as Pandora which will be distributed in the spring of 1948. This variety is highly wilt resistant and is a high yielder.
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Work is being continued in the breeding of a long staple cotton. A cooperative enterprise is being carried on by the station with the U. S. Department of Agriculture and seven Berrien County farmers in the production ef a variety known as Sealand which grows on upland, has most of the characteristics of upland cotton, but has the fibre of Egyptian cotton. This variety appears most promising at the present time.
Control of cotton insects for a number of years was what might be termed static. Only recently some of the newer chemicals are being tested. Benzene hexachloride and toxaphene are tW'o of the latest, and in some instances the cotton insects control secured by the use of either is nothing short of phenomenal. The entire cotton economy may have to be revaluated because of the use of these new insecticides. With modern mechanization and insecticides giving wellnigh perfect insect control, cotton can probably be produced at a price that will show a profit and yet compete favorably with other fibers and synthetics.
PEANUTS
Peanuts rank as the second cash crop of the state and the first cash crop of the coastal plain. This station, in cooperation with the Georgia Experiment Station, conducts breeding experiments and disease control experiments. New varieties are being developed. Outstanding is the control of the leaf-spot disease on peanuts, through which the yield of nuts is being increased twenty-five per cent and the yield of hay fifty per cent. During the past year our engineering department in cooperation with the University of Georgia and the U. S. Department of Agriculture has been doing pioneer work in the field of harvesting peanuts. Preliminary tests show that quality of nuts and hay may be improved by harvesting methods different from those noW' in use. Worthy of note are the results obtained from the harvesting of the hay before the nuts are dug. There is also great possibility in the use of the combine with peanuts. This year the above agencies are being joined in this project by the Georgia Experiment Station and Georgia Tech.
TOBACCO
The station continues to test chemicals for blue mold control on tobacco beds. If the recommended treatments are followed by to-
bacco farmers, there ~ill never be a scarcity of tobacco plants due to
blue mold.
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This year, preliminary work is being done on the curing of tobacco. Fundamentally the curing procedure differs little from the practices followed twenty to forty yeart ago. It is thought that improvement can be made with modern heating methods, increased information concerning ventilation and forced drafts, and different designs of curing houses.
Research in nutrition and disease is also carried on with shade tobacco in Decatur county.
CORN
Increased yields are being secured by using large amounts of nitrogen. Contrary tq popular opinion, large amounts of nitrogenous fertilizers enable the corn plant to withstand drought better.
An intensive breeding program is being conducted in order to develop an outstanding hybrid corn for south Georgia. What has been termed one of the most significant developments in Georgia agriculture is the cooperative work being carried out by the Georgia Coastal Plain Experiment Station and Greenwood Plantation of Thomasville, Georgia. On this plantation under the direction of Mr. Ed Komarek, agricultural advisor, ninety acres of Florida W 1 seed are being produced. As soon as hybrids more promising than Florida W 1 are developed, this plantation will assist in their propagation. One hundred acres are maintained on the plantation for breeding work alone.
One new hybrid developed by the station is GCP 6001. This hybrid in early tests has produced ten per cent higher yield than Florida W1.
GRASSES
The work with grasses has been outstanding. The most notable developments in this field are Coastal Bermuda, Tift Sudan and Bahia grass. Three years ago over one thousand farmers were supplied with Coastal Bermuda stock. Last year the demand was so great that the station was instrumental in having private sources certified so that now certified Coastal Bermuda can be produced. One man sQld over one million stolons. This should provide adequate nurseries for one thousand farmers.
This year in cooperation with the U. S. Department of Agriculture and the Ameri.can Golf Green Association, the station is setting up a comprehr!'sive testing program with the various grasses used
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on fairways and greens. These different grasses are being subjected to various treatments. Lawn enthusiasts as well as golfers will bene~ fit directly from these experiments. Thi; program is being assisted financially by a number of turf associations and golf clubs.
KUDZU AND VELVET BEANS
Although work has been carried on with kudzu and velvet beans for a number of years, special emphasis is now being given this work. Velvet beans possibly cover more acreage than any other summer legume grown in Georgia. It is excellent as a soil improve~ ment crop, and the beans make a good winter feed for cattle. The station is trying to develop a higher-yielding bean and at the same time is trying to develop a variety resistant to the velvet bean caterpillar.
One strain of velvet beans has been develqped which yields much higher than any bean now available in commercial quantities. This bean will be released in 1949.
BEEF CATTLE
The station maintains two pure-bred herds-the Angus herd and the Polled Hereford herd. Grade herds are also maintained for experimental purposes. With the various herds, feeding and breeding tests are carried on.
In the feeding tests, one of the most interesting is the test to determine the most efficient amounts of sweet potato meal to feed in combination with other feeds. Sweet potatoes with their high yields per acre should prove an economical feed for the cattle growers of the South.
In the breeding work, purebred sires are tested by means of records on the efficiency of gain of their offspring. Young bulls are bred to grade cows. Should their offspring show unusual efficiency in converting feed to pounds of beef, the bulls are transferred to the purebred herd. In this way it is hoped to develop a highly efficient line of beef cattle.
The station also conducts experiments to determine the best utilization of the forest range. Supplemental feeding of range cattle during the winter has proved to be a profitable practice. Some very interesting data are being compiled concerning the seeding of range land acres.
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BEE CULTURE
The dep~rtment of bee cult~J:e has exp_.flnded to some sixty colonies. In the laboratory research is being conducted on diseases. Incidentally, this is the only bee culture laboratory south of Maryland and east of Louisiana. It is one of the few state supported departments in the nation. Georgia is not only a honey-producing state, but is also the largest shipper of package bees in the United States. This department was established because of the interest of the Georgia Beekeepers Association.
TOMATO PLANT DISEASES
Millions of tomato plants are shipped from this area. The station, in cooperation with the Bureau of Plant Industry, Soils, and Agricultural Engineering, maintains research in growing, disease control. and shipping methods which is meaning much to the plant growers of this section.
SWEET POTATOES
Research on the sweet potato has been carried on for a number of years. The seed-piece method of planting sweet potatoes for stock feed is attracting considerable attention because of the labor saved over the ordinary procedure. As a result of a study of fertilizer requirements of this crop, the potash content of sweet potato fertilizer has been increased from two to three per cent to six to eight per cent.
Extensive breeding work has been carried on, but it now seems that most of this work must be discarded because of the appearance of the new disease, internal cork, in the potato. The breeding work must be revamped to include breeding for potatoes resistant to internal cork. A pathologist is needed to discover the organism causing the trouble.
BLUEBERRIES
For some twenty years the station has been growing blueberries. During the past two years the station has been carrying on an intensive program of propagation and breeding. At present the station has the widest selection of known varieties in the South. During the past year some 5. 000 plants were distributed, and during the winter of 1947-48 approximately 15,000 plants will be made available to growers over the state. Several selections have been made which look
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very promtsmg. Seedlings have been planted at Alapaha, and from these plantings selections are made.
MISCELLANEOUS FRUITS
Out of an elaborate collection of miscellaneous fruit varieties, two new fruits-Baldwin pear and Farley pecan-have been found to be outstanding and are gaining in popular favor as a result of station tests and attendant publicity. These varieties held promise of becoming valuable 1ssets to Georgia horticulture.
Additional work also is being carried on with pecans, satsumas, and other fruits and nuts, while special attention is being given to the propagation and culture of pears and figs. It is hoped to secure in greater quantities the good edible Baldwin pear through propagation and to grow figs on a commercial scale in the field by controlling the root-knot nematode.
GEORGIA AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION SERVICE
ATHENS
GENERAL
The Agricultural Extension Service is the official educational agency of the United States Department of Agriculture and the University System of Georgia for farm people who are not regularly enrolled in educational institutions.
The basic philosophy of extension work is to "help people help themselves," The principal objective of extension work is a more abundant and a more secure life for Georgia's farm people on Georgia's farm land.
PERSONNEL
The personnel of the Agricultural Extension Service is composed of a state office staff with headquarters on the campus of the University of Georgia at Athens, and a corps of county agricultural agents and home demonstration agents which serves every county in the state. It is the duty of the extension service to make available to Georgia's farm people information from the experiment stations, from the College of Agriculture, from the United States Department of Agriculture, and from other reliable sources. The extension service is the connecting link between the sources of information for farm people and farm people themselves.
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The state office staff consists of an administrative group and a corps of specialists in agricultur~ and hom_! economics. The administrative force is composed of the director of extension, the assistant director, an administrative assistant, a state home demonstration agent, six district agricultural agents, and six district home demonstration agents. Included in the administrative group also are a state agent for Negro home demonstration work and a state agent for Negro work. The latter two employees have their headquarters at the Georgia State College at Savannah, and work under the direct supervision of the Director of Extension.
The specialists group on the state office staff is composed at present of seventy-six highly trained people in the various fields of agriculture and home economics. These people travel throughout the state assisting county extension workers with the development of sound agricultural programs. It is the duty of specialists to keep in close touch with research workers and with other sources of upto-date information in their fields, so that they may be in position to keep county workers and farm people advised concerning new developments.
The backbone of the extension service is its field force of county agents and home demonstration agents and their assistants who live in the counties among the people whom they serve. These people are employed cooperatively by county authorities and by the extension service. They work under the direct supervision of their respective district agents. Since extension service funds are derived from state and federal sources, and since county authorities pay part of the salaries of county agents and home demonstration agents, these workers are employed cooperatively by the federal, state and local governments.
REGULAR ACTIVITIES
In order to reach the maximum number of people with constructive agricultural and home economics programs, the extension service carries on its work largely through volunteer local leadership. Agricultural program committees made up of farm people with extension workers and other local leaders assisting in an advisory capacity are now functioning in every county in which extension workers are employed. County agricultural programs are developed largely on a community basis, and are concerned with the practical aspects of virtually all phases of agriculture and home making. These programs are designed to help farm people make such adjustments
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as may become necessary to meet the impact of postwar conditions. The extension service has the responsibility of helping farm people to organize, formulate, and apply sound programs and of furnishing them technical information and assistance. Approximately 14.000 farm people who are leaders in their communities are now serving on agricultural program committees and home demonstration councils.
The work of these committees is particularly important at the present time because these committee contacts enable farm people to think together on the problems incident to the tremendous adjustments which are inevitable in the years immediately ahead.
SPECIAL ACTIVITIES
In addition to the regular program of educational work on the economic production and marketing of crops and livestock and on the improvement of farm family living, the more important current activities of the Georgia Agricultural Extension Service are as follows:
SHORT COURSES:
The extension service normally holds a series of short courses each year in order that its personnel may be brought up to date on developments in agricultural and home economics technology. Short courses held thus far this year are as follows:
( 1) Outlook meetings held in each of the six extension districts for county agents.
(2) Sweet potato short course held in cooperation with the Abraham Baldwin Agricultural College at Tifton.
(3) Dairy production short course held in cooperation with the College of Agriculture at Athens.
(4) Training meetings for 4-H Club work. Two meetings were held in each extension district.
(5) Training meetings for home demonstration agents on various subjects, two meetings in each district.
(6) Poultry schools held at various points throughout the state. (7) Freezer locker short course in cooperation with the Col-
lege of Agriculture at Athens. (8) Poultry industries short .course held in cooperation with
the College of Agriculture at Athens. (9) Recreation short course held in cooperation with Abraham
Baldwin Agricultural College at Ti<=ton.
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HOME DEMONSTRATION WORK:
There is a definite increase-in intereM: in home demonstration work as indicated by the increase in attendance at demonstrations and home demonstration club meetings. Approximately forty per cent of Georgia's farm families are represented each month in meetings of home demonstration and 4-H Clubs. These clubs furnish a medium through which home demonstration agents can keep farm women and girls advised of current developments. They are assisting in educational programs which are essential to a sound and prosperous home and community life.
Postwar developments have brought Georgia farm familiesboth rural and urban-face to face with many new problems. More than 45,000 farm women are members of community home demonstration clubs, and these club members are among the leaders in making the necessary adjustments. Home demonstration w;ork is closely identified with the emergency food program, but is also concerned with the permanent adjustments which must be made by Georgia people to meet postwar conditions. Food preservation, home improvement, nutrition, textiles and clothing, child care and home industries are some of the home demonstration club projects being carried out by these farm women.
4-H CLUB WoRK:
The 4-H Clubs in this country and its possessions make up the largest rural youth organization in the world. The enrollment in 4-H Clubs in Georgia in 1946 exceeded 113,000. This was the largest 4-H Club enrollment in the history of the state, and it is anticipated that the enrollment in 1947 will be even larger.
One of the principal objectives of this organization is the development of the character, citizenship, and leadership of its members. Since increased population in the cities in Georgia and throughout the country is dependent to a large extent upon migration of people from rural areas, there can be no doubt that the 4-H Clubs constitute one of the most potent forces for the future development of this state and its citizenry. Georgia 4-H Club members are leaders among the youth of the state today. They will be among the leaders in local, state, and national affairs in the years immediately ahead.
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