Annual report for 1945-1946 by the regents of the University System of Georgia to his excellency honorable Ellis Arnall governor [June 30, 1946]

~ ~UAL R~PORT

N S R G T -:n the ~ ~

of the

UNIVERSITY SYSTEM OF GEORGIA TO HIS EXCELLENCY
HONORABLE ELLIS ARNALL
Governor

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DOUGLAS 50VTI4 GLOil.!il*< COLLiiGE.
FOR TJ-U~ Y~AR

1945-6

ANNUAL REPORT
FOR
1946-1946
BY
THE REGENTS OF THE
UNIVERSITY SYSTEM OF GEORGIA
TO IDS EXCELLENCY
HONORABLE ELLIS ARNALL
GOVERNOR JUNE 30, 1946

BOARD OF REGENTS OF THE
UNIVERSI-TY SYSZEM dF GEORGIA
100 STATE CAPITOL. ATLANTA

Honorable Ellis Arnall Governor of Georgia Atlanta, Georgia

Dear Governor Arnall:
Pursuant to law the Board of Regents of the University System of Georgia, through the undersigned as chairman, submits to the Governor of the State of Georgia an annual report.

REGENTS AND INSTITUTIONS
The following is a statement of the present Board of Regents, the members' home addresses and terms of office; the personnel of the various committees of the board and the officers of the board; the name, head, location, and type of each unit in the university system:

District

Regent

Address

State at Large-Marion Smith --------------------------------------Atlanta January 1, 1946-January 1, 1953
State at Large-Albert S. Hardy ______________________________Gainesville Fi!bruary 26, 1945-January 1, 19 51
State at Large-Frank M. Spratlin____________________________________Atlanta January 1, 1946-January 1, 1953
State at Large-Earl B. Braswell ___________________________Athens January 1, 1943-January 1, 1949
State at Large-Pope F. Brock _____________________________________Atlanta January 1, 1943-January 1, 1948

First-James Peterson ----------------------------------------Soperton May 9, 1945-January 1, 1948

3

Second-Edward R. Jerger---------------------------------------Thomasville January l, 1943-January l, 1947
Third--Cason J. Callaway------~---!!0.----------------------------------Hamilton January l, 1943-January 1, 1950
Fourth--C. J. Smith -----------------------------------------------Newnan January l, 1943-January l, 1949
Fifth-Rutherford L. Ellis --------------------------------------------Atlanta January l, 1943-January 1, 1,947
Sixth-Miller R. BelL_______________________________________________Milledgeville January l, 1943-January l, 1950
Seventh-Roy N. Emmet ________________________________________________Cedartown January l, 1945-January 1, 1952
Eighth--S. Price Gilbert__________________________________Sea Island
January 1, 1943-January l, 1950
Ninth--sandy Beaver ---------------------------------Gainesville January 1, 1945-January 1, 1952
Tenth-William S. Morris___________________________________Augusta
January l, 1944-January 1, 1951

STANDING COMMITTEES OF THE BOARD OF REGENTS

EDUCATION

FINANCE

Sandy Beaver, chairman Pope F. Brock Rutherford L. Ellis S. Price Gilbert
ORGANIZATION AND LAW
S. Price Gilbert, chairman Pope F. Brock, vice-chairman James Peterson Marion Smith
VISITATION

Miller R. Bell, chairman Roy N. Emmet Albert S. Hardy C. J. Smith Frank M. Spratlin
AGRICULTURE
Cason J. Callaway, chairman Roy N. Emmet Edward R. Jerger William S. Morris C. J. Smith

Earl B. Braswell, chairman AlbertS. Hardy Edward R. Jerger

The chairman of the Board of Regents and the chancellor of the university system are ex-officio members of each committee.

4

OFFICERS OF THE BOARD OF REGENTS
Chairman -------------------------- Marion Smith Vice-Chairman -----:::----------~---- Sandy Beaver Chancellor --------------------- Raymond R. Paty Executive Secretary__________________L. R. Siebert Director of Budgets__________________H. T. Healy
Treasurer ---------------------- W. Wilson Noyes

UNITS IN THE SYSTEM
The system consists of the following institutions, coordinated in that part of the educational work of the state which is committed to the administration of the regents:

Senior Institutions

LocATION

INSTITUTION

HEAD

Athens Atlanta Atlanta Augusta
Dahlonega Milledgeville Statesboro Valdosta

University of Georgia__________Harmon W. Caldwell, President Georgia School of Technology__Blake R. Van Leer, President University System Center______George M. Sparks, Director University of Georgia
School of Medicine____________G. Lombard Kelly, Dean North Georgia College______________J. C. Rogers, President
Georgia State College for Women___Guy H. Wells, President Georgia Teachers College_____Marvin S. Pittman, President Georgia State Womans College_____Frank R. Reade, President

Americus Carrollton Cochran Douglas Tifton

Junior Institutions
Georgia Southwestern College_______peyton Jacob, President West Georgia College___________!. S. Ingram, President Middle Georgia College________Leo H. Browning, President South Georgia College____________J. M. Thrash, President Abraham Baldwin Agricultural College_________George H. King, President

Albany Fort Valley Savannah

Negro Institutions
Albany State College_______________Aaron Brown, President
Fort Valley State College_________c. V. Troup, President
Georgia State College__________B. F. Hubert, President

Experiment Tifton

Experiment Stations
Georgia Experiment Station.____H. P. Stuckey, Director Georgia Coastal Plain
Experiment Station________George H. King, Director

5

In addition to the foregoing units, the Board of Regents is also responsible for the management of the Division of General Extension, located in Atlanta and directed by Dr. J. C. Wardlaw, and the Agricultural Extension Service, directed by Mr. Walter S. Brown with headquarters in Athens.
The Division of General Extension, in cooperation with other units in the university system, offers both credit and non-credit courses through the medium of correspondence and extension classes. The academic standards of the system are rigidly maintained at all times, and students doing extension work may receive the same credit as do resident students for the same or equivalent work. Classes are held in communities wherever there is a sufficient demand. The division also operates an audio-visual service which is recognized as one of the best motion :film libraries in the nation. Through this agency, education :films in biology, botany, chemistry, astronomy, geography, geology, the social sciences, psychology, industry, travel, et cetera, are distributed to schools and colleges and other educational organizations for use in classrooms and laboratories.
The Agricultural Extension Service is the result of cooperation between the University System of Georgia and the United States Department of Agriculture. It is charged with the efficient dissemination of information regarding the most profitable farming methods and techniques to rural Georgia through the county and home demonstration agents. This agency may rightly be called the most influential department of the university system, inasmuch as it extends the campus of the system to every county and community in the state.
ENROLLMENT
On October 5, 1946, there were 22,651 students enrolled in the units of the University System of Georgia. This :figure represents an increase of 8,998 over the enrollment on October 15, 1939, tbe last pre-war year that can be considered normal.
The following tabulation shows in detail the enrollment at the yarious institutions:
6

ENROLLMENT IN THE UNIVERSITY SYSTEM OF GEORGIA Fall Quarter 1939, compared to Fall Quarter, 1946

INSTITUTIONS

1939

Senior Colleges University of Georgia___________._______ 3,408
Georgia School of Technology____ 2,590 University System Center_______ 1,479 University of Georgia
School of Medicine________________ 168 tNorth Georgia College____________ 593 Georgia State College for Women 1,469 Georgia Teachers College_____________ 514 Georgia State W omans College_ 353

-Non-Vet. 2,472 959 2,405
189 515 1,060 393 350

1946
Vet. 4,171 3,585 1,816
95 160
6 208
5

Total 6,643* 4,544** 4,221
284*** 675 1,066 601 355

TotaL Junior Colleges

___ 10,574

8,343 10,046 18,389

Georgia Southwestern College___ 374 West Georgia College_________ 449 Middle Georgia College_______ 432 South Georgia College_______________ 311 Abraham Baldwin Agricultural
College ---------------------- 405 Total__________ 1,971
Negro Colleges Albany State College___________ 334 Fort Valley State College________ 218 Georgia State College____________ 556
TotaL____________ 1,108

369 326 254 240
362
1,551
333 404 446
1,183

121

490

190

516

216

470x

274

514

192

554xx

993 2,544

74

407

111

515

350

796

535 1,718

Combined Totals_________13,653

11,077 11,574 22,651

*78 non-veteran and 427 veteran students included in above total attending the temporary branch at Hunter Field, Savannah.
**558 DET not included in total.
***20 physicians taking post-graduate work under G.I. Bill of Rights.
x40 students located at Warner Robins, Georgia. Travel 80 miles each day to and from college.
xx154 men enrolled in the temporary branch at Spence Field.
tNorth Georgia College changed from junior college to four-year senior institution on February 14, 1946.

STATE APPROPRIATION
The Board of Regents will need for the operation of the educational and general facilities of the university system for each of the fiscal years 1947-48 and 1948-49 not less than $5,000,000. In view of the further increase in enrollment which is expected throughout the system each year, additional funds will be needed later.
It is urgent that the General Assembly write this appropriation into law and include it in its appropriation act for these fiscal years.

7

Some of the more important factors that have forced higher expenditures and will continue to do so may be noted as follows:
First the enormous increase in attendance in all units. The fees collected from students in. the university system do not fully cover the cost of handling such students, and it is for this reason that the state appropriates money for the operation of the system. Such a striking increase in attendance, therefore, has necessarily caused a substantial higher cost. More faculty members must be provided, and more equipment and more facilities of all kinds are needed. Furthermore, this same situation has been widespread throughout the United States, with the necessary result that institutions in different states have developed a tendency to bid against each other for faculty members, with the inevitable increase in pay rates. Such a pressure for higher pay rates is in addition to the inevitable pressure due to the fact that all living expenses have been rising rapidly and that pay schedules throughout the country have been on the increase. The increased cost of supplies, equipment, and all employees in addition to faculty members is simply another instance of the tendency to higher prices throughout the United States. It is no more possible for the board to prevent this tendency affecting its course than it is for any other institution or business to operate without regard to increasing costs.
THE CHANCELLOR
At its meeting on October 9, 1946, the Board of Regents elected Dr. Raymond R. Paty to succeed the late Dr. Steadman Vincent Sanford as chancellor of the University System of Georgia. The board thereupon made the election unanimous.
Dr. Paty brings to the university system wide experience in the field of education. He has been both teacher and administr.ator throughout his educational career. For the past several years, he has been president of the University of Alabama, and the great record of constructive progress of that institution under his administration is widely known in the educational world. Dr. Paty consented to accept the position of chancellor of the university system because he realizes that the unique character of that position under Georgia's educational structure offers the greatest opportunities for constructive leadership of any educational position in the Southern states. The regents who have talked to him personally know that he approaches his new task with a sense of deep devotion to the people of this section and with a conviction that he has been called to a work of great constructive
8

possibilities for this state and for its people. The board confidently looks for great progress in Georgia's system of higher education under Dr. Paty's constructive and patriotic leadership.
DIRE.CTOR OF BUDGETS
For many years the board realized the need of a director of budg~ ets charged with the general supervision of the fiscal affairs of the university system. On March 13. 1946, the Committee on Finance recommended the appointment of Mr. Harry T. Healy to this po~ sition, and the board readily accepted. He assumed his duties on April 15, 1946.
Mr. Healy served with honor and distinction in both World Wars I and II. He is a graduate of the University of California. and a certified public accountant. For four and one~half years he was comptroller of the University of Arizona, and during World War II be was a lieutenant commander in the United States Navy. In this position be bad the responsibility of approving rates and costs re~ ported in connection with naval contracts with nearly three hundred colleges and universities in the United States. He had occasion to review and audit the operation of their fiscal affairs. and was thus able to bring to the university system a wide knowledge of the best budgetary and business practices of the nation's leading institutions.
CONSULTING ENGINEER
The value of the buildings and property under the control of the Board of Regents bas become so great, their maintenance is such a vital matter. and so much new construction must be undertaken, that the board felt it would be contrary to sound business practices to attempt to fulfill its duties longer without the continuing service of a competent consulting engineer. Therefore, on February 14. 1946. the board appointed Mr. Charles H. Strong consulting engineer of the University System of Georgia.
Mr. Strong and his assistants are rendering valuable aid to the board. the system, and the state, and they have in many ways already saved far more than the cost of maintaining the department. The office is located at 24 Ivy Street, Atlanta.
SCHOOL OF VETERINARY MEDICINE
Because of the tremendous growth of Georgia's livestock industry, the Board of Regents on August 14, 1946, authorized the re~estab~
9

lishment of the school of veterinary medicine at the University of Georgia. This matter had often been discussed by the board; but because of lack of adequate funds, action had been deferred.
Although the primary purpose ~f the university system is to serve the needs of the citizens of Georgia, the regents felt that the offerings of the system should be improved before the educational program was expanded. However, the demand for more well-trained veterinarians has become so great that to delay the re-establishment of this department further would retard the rapid progress of Georgia agriculture.
The need for a veterinary school in Georgia became more acute when the Alabama Polytechnic Institute at Auburn announced this summer that it could accept only Alabama students for the 1946 fall session. Many Georgians have studied veterinary medicine at Auburn, and many others intended to do so; however, Alabama students are properly entitled to priority in an institution supported by Alabama taxes. A similar policy will be followed in Georgia.
The Board of Regents agreed with the many Georgians who, being prevented from studying veterinary medicine at the Alabama college, believed that it was the duty of their native state to provide similar courses. A study revealed that a small additional allocation to the University of Georgia would enable that institution to provide immediately the first two years of study in this field. The necessary allocation was made, and the department began functioning at the beginning of the 1946 fall quarter. A complete school of veterinary medicine is expected to be in operation at the university by the beginning of the 1947 fall quarter.
FEDERAL FUNDS FOR RESEARCH
Under the Flannagan-Hope Act, Public Law 733, which President Harry S. Truman signed on August 14, 1946, the State of Georgia is eligible to receive from the federal government $483,821.12 over a five-year period for agricultural research, provided the state's legislature allocates a like amount. While no funds for this purpose have been allocated by Congress at this writing, it is understood that the appropriation will be made.
The terms of this law are broad and will allow the university system to conduct research in production, marketing, handling and storage, and transportation and distribution of agricultural products. The Board of Regents respectfully asks the General Assembly to give
10

serious consideration to making available the funds necessary to match the federal grant.
ADDITIONAL FACILITIBS PROVIDED
The recent war has caused more young people than ever before to appreciate the value of a college education. Educational statisti~ cians predict that the present large enrollment will not reach its peak until September, 1950, and will continue at that level for several years. They also predict that college enrollment will never decrease to the pre~war figures, even after the program of veterans' education has subsided.
Previous to the war few of the state's colleges were able to house all the young Georgians applying for admission. Accordingly, about fifty per cent of the students at the Georgia School of Technology lived in houses neither provided nor supervised by that institution. The same situation on a lesser scale existed at the University of Geor~ gia, North Georgia College, and several other units of the system.
Before the beginning of the 1946 summer session, all living facili~ ties throughout the system were reserved, and additional applications were being received by the hundreds. It became increasingly apparent that arrangements for additional housing must be provided imme~ diately.
The Georgia School of Technology has done an excellent job in securing living quarters for its students. It arranged for married stu~ dents to rent government~built houses located near the Bell Bomber Plant at Marietta, and provided adequate bus transportation. It con~ tracted for the use of 200 apartment units for married students at the Lawson General Hospital, and has acquired the use of approxi~ mately half the facilities of the Naval Air Station near Atlanta which provides classrooms, dining halls, and living quarters for a total of 800 students.
The need for permanent buildings on the Georgia Tech campus was so critical that the Board of Regents authorized an issue of reve~ nue certificates to finance the erection of additional facilities. Four million dollars was thus made available, and dormitories for 937 students and apartment units for 222 families of faculty members and married students are already under construction. It is estimated that construction will be finished and these will be ready for occu~ pancy by September 1, 1947. The net income of these buildings is pledged to pay the certificates. The board was able to finance these
11

certificates at an overall interest rate of slightly less than two and one-quarter per cent average through the issue, which is believed to be a satisfactory basis of financing the improvements.
The University of Georgia ha; contracted for the use of Hunter Field near Savannah as a temporary branch to accommodate approximately 4,500 students. Governor Ellis Arnall has informed the board that he will endeavor to provide $250,000 with which to organize and equip this branch as soon as possible. Courses offered at Hunter Field will be restricted to the freshman and sophomore levels, and will be available to men boarding students and women day students. On the main campus the university has made renovations to existing dormitories which will provide for an additional 150 students, and through the Federal Public Housing Authority, the university has received temporary housing units and trailers to provide living quarters for 354 single students and 353 married students.
It should be stressed that this development at Hunter Field is intended as a temporary measure and not as the establishment of a permanent unit. As soon as it can do so, the state should furnish adequate facilities for the University of Georgia on the campus at Athens. The division of the work of this institution between Athens and Savannah could not be regarded as a satisfactory permanent plan.
The Abraham Baldwin Agricultural College will operate a temporary branch for 250 students at Spence Field near Moultrie, thirty miles from the main campus. This institution has received through the Federal Public Housing Authority temporary housing units to provide living quarters for thirty married students on the Tifton campus.
The development at Spence Field should also be understood to be a temporary measure, a branch of the Abraham Baldwin Agricultural College and not a separate unit of the university system. As soon as adequate facilities can be provided on the campus of the Abraham Baldwin Agricultural College at Tifton, this branch unit will be discontinued.
The following is a recapitulation of what the other units in the system are doing in the way of providing additional housing and classroom facilities. It must be remembered that this work, along with that already mentioned, has been done with very limited funds, and the results accomplished by the system are very gratifying to the Board of Regents:
12

GEORGIA SOUTHWESTERN COLLEGE
1. Temporary housing units for eighteen married students. 2. Renovations in the day -student btlilding to provide housing
for fourteen men students.
WEST GEORGIA COLLEGE
1. Temporary housing units for sixty~four men students. 2. Renovation of the sheet metal shop into a dormitory to house
fifty~six men students.
MIDDLE GEORGIA COLLEGE
1. Temporary housing units for thirty married students. 2. Construction of a four~unit faculty apartment building.
NORTH GEORGIA COLLEGE
1. Temporary housing units for eighteen married students. 2. Construction of a four~unit faculty apartment building. 3. .Construction of three faculty cottages. 4. Construction of a science building.
SOUTH GEORGIA COLLEGE
1. Acquisition of an airport and its buildings adjacent to the college campus for instructional facilities and the housing of 200 students.
GEORGIA EXPERIMENT STATION
1. Temporary housing units for six graduate students of the Uni~ versity of Georgia doing research work at the station.
GEORGIA STATE COLLEGE FOR WOMEN
1. Renovation of existing dormitories to provide additional hous~ ing for eight faculty members.
GEORGIA TEACHERS COLLEGE
1. Construction of two cottages to house eight married students.
GEORGIA STATE WOMANS COLLEGE ,
1. Renovation of recreation hall in an existing dormitory to pro~ vide housing for an additional twenty~four students.
ALBANY STATE COLLEGE
1. Temporary housing units for thirty married students.
FORT VALLEY STATE COLLEGE
1. Temporary housing units for twenty~eight married students. 2. Construction of a sixty~five room dormitory.
13

NEW BUILDINGS NEEDED While the Board of Regents is gratified with what has been done in accommodating additiqpal studeu.ts on the campuses of the various units and also in locating living accommodations in the various college communities, it must be pointed out that the lack of adequate housing and classrooms in the University System of Georgia is the most pressing problem confronting the Board of Regents. The General Assembly of 1947 is invited to give this matter its serious consideration.
At the direction of the regents' central office, the heads of the units studied their needs for permanent buildings. When the recommendations were tabulated, it was revealed that the institutions need additional dormitories, classrooms, and laboratories, and that many of the present facilities must be renovated before they can be put to maximum use. The tabulation was given serious study, and the buildings receiving the highest priority were placed on the list which follows this section. Such a list does not mean that other recommended buildings should not be constructed; it means that the physical requirements of the university system are so urgent that the buildings listed should receive the immediate attention of the legislature. They are needed now.
Further explanation of the acute situation would take up too much space, but additional details will be furnished to anyone requesting such information from the regents' central office.
Senate Bill 1770, introduced by Senator Mead of New York and now pending in the United States Senate, provides $250,000,000 to be allocated to the states on a matching basis for the erection of educational buildings. The Board of Regents hopes to take advantage of these grants when the bill is passed, and it can do so if the legislature will appropriate funds to the university system for a building program. The legislature is urged to make available adequate funds to the board for this purpose.
University of Georgia GBoirylss'' ddoormrmitoriyt_o__r_y__-_-_-_-_-_--_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_--_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_--_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_--_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_--_-_-_-_-_-_-$ 782255,,000000 Student union building______________________________________ 1,250,000
TotaL----------------------------------------------------$2,800,000 Georgia School of Technology
Classroom building to house departments of mathematics, English, and economics_______________$1,500,000
Textile building------------------------------------------------ 750,000 Architectural building________________________________ 625,000
TotaL---------------------------------------$2,875,000
14

Georgia Southwestern College

6600 rroooomm ddoorrmmiittoorryy ffoorr bgoiyrsl.s.-_-_-_-_--_-_-_-_-_--_-_-_-_-_--_-_-_-_-_--_-_-_-_-_--_-_-_-_-$

200,000 200,000

Ce!ltral he~ti_ng plant____________----------;;.----- 75,000

Science building --------------------------------- 150,000

TotaL_______________________________________________$ 625,000

West Georgia College Addition to girls' dormitory__________________________________$ Addition to boys' dormitory______________________________ Central heating plant__________________________________________
Rebuilding Aycock HalL________________________

75,000 75,000 40,000
50,000

TotaL____________________________________________$ 240,000

Middle Georgia College

EGnirglisn' edeorrimngit-osrcyi--e-n--c--e--b--u--i-l-a-i-n--g--_-_-_-_--_-_-_-_-_--_-_-_-_-_-_--_-_-_-_-_--_-_-_-_-_--$ Boys' dormitory______________________________________

125,000
110,000 125,000

Fireproofing Wiggs HalL__________________________ 70,000

Total-----------------------------------------------$ 430,000

South Georgia College

Girls' dormitorY-------------------------------$ 125,000

BScoiyesn'cde obrumiiltdoirnyg_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_

125,000 100,000

Total---------------------------------$ 350,000

Abraham Baldwin Agricultural College

EGnirglisn' ederoirnmgiatonrdyf-o--r-e--s-t-r-y---b--u-i-l-d--i-n-g--_-_-_-_-_-__-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_--$

175,000 125,000

Students' center ----------------------------------- 50,000 Renovation of three original buildings___________ 40,000

WMoadteerrntiozwateiron---o--f--p-o--u-l-t-r-y---p-l-a--n-t-_-_-_-_--_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_----

10,000 10,000

College laundry --------------------------------------- 40,000

TotaL________________________________________$ 450,000

Georgia Experiment Station Auditorium and library_______________________________$ 150,000 Food processing laboratory building_____________ 150,000
TotaL____________________________________________$ 300,000

Georgia Mountain Experiment Station Cold storage and food processing building_______$ Wood shop and laboratory building_______
DOfafiircye bbaurnil_d_i_n__g__-_-_-__-_-_-_-_-_-__-_-_-_-_-_-__-_-_-_-_-_-__-_-_-_-_-_-__-_-_-_-_-_-__-_-_-_-_-_-_-_

40,000
25,000 70,000 10,000

TotaL.-------------------------------------------$ 145,000
University System Center
Renovations to present building to enlarge library facilities, to complete physics, chemistry and biology laboratories, and to complete airconditioning system for 30 inside classrooms_$ 100,000

15

University of Georgia School of Medicine Medical school building___________________________________$ 250,000 Renovation of Newton Building into a dormitory and stude.n.t union, bqilding____________ 150,000
TotaL______________________________$ 400,000

Georgia State College for Woinen Dormitory for 200 students__________$ 300,000
Science building--------------------------------------------------- 300,000

Tota,.__ _ __

---------------------$ 600,000

Georgia Teachers College Residence hall for men_________________________$ 300,000 Conversion of Sanford Hall for women_____ 100,000 Classroom building------------------------------ 250,000 Total_________________________________$ 650,000

Georgia State Womans College Dining hall and kitchen_________________________________$ 125,000 Home management house______________________ 35,000

TotaL______

$ 160,000

North Georgia College

GDyomrmniatsoiruymf-odrril2l00haglilr_l_s_-_-_-__-_-_-_-_-_-__-_-_-_-_-_-__-_-_-_-_-_-__-_-_-_-_-_-__-_-_-_-_$

300,000 210,000

Dormitory for 200 men__________________________ 300,000

TotaL-----------------------------$ 810,000

Georgia Coastal Plain Experiment Station Science and laboratory building_______________________$ 150,000 Laboratory building (animal diseases)------------ 50,000 Tenant houses ---------------------------------------------- 40,000 Renovation and repairs, existing buildings________ 50,000
Greenhouse -------------------------------------------- 30,000

TotaL----------------------------$ 320,000

Fort Valley State College

Library -------~--------------------------$ 250,000 He~lth a~d physical ~ducation building,

mcludmg gymnasium -------------------------- 200,000 Agriculture and home economics classrooms

Doramnditolarybofroartomrye-n-._-_-_-__-_-_-_-__-_-_-_-_-__-_-_-_-__-_-_-_-__-_-_-_-

200,000 200,000

Agriculture buildings, barns, silo, etc.______ 50,000

Graduate education building___________c---------- 163,000

TotaL-------------------$1,063,000

Georgia State College

CBloaysss'rodoomrms iatonrdy_la_b__o_r_a_to_r_i_e_s_-_-_--_-_-_-_--_-_-_-_--_-_--$

90,000 200,000

Girls' dormitory --------------------------- 150,000

TotaL_ _ _ _ __

--$ 440,000

16

Albany State College

MGyemn'ns adsiourmmit-o--r-y--_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_--_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_$

125,000 150,000

RWeonmovenat'siodnoromfiteorxyi-s--t-i-n--g---b--u--i-l-d--i-n--g--s-_-_-_-_-__-_-_-_-_-_-_-__-_-_-_-_-_-_-__-_-_-_-_-_-_-_ Home economics house____________________________________________

150,000 50,000 25,000

Infirmary --------------------------------------------------------------- 60,000

Laundry ----------------------------------------------------------------- 40,000

TotaL---------------------------------------------------------$ 600,000

GRAND TOTAL_____________________________________________________ $13,358,000

The Board of Regents recognizes that the above total represents a large sum of money; however, the situation confronting the university system is this: Before the commencement of World War II, there were about 13,000 students enrolled in a plant then estimated to be worth $17,500,000. At this writing, there are over 22,000 students enrolled, an increase of more than sixty-five per cent. Additional applications are received daily, and many of the institutions are rejecting large numbers because facilities are already crowded to the limit. It is apparent that for the next few years the student body of the university system will be nearly twice as large as before World War II; therefore, great additions to the physical plant are absolutely essential.
While the plant which existed at the beginning of World War II was valued at approximately $17,500,000, this valuation was on a basis of prewar cost. The figure given above as to the cost required for a new plant is based on the greatly increased cost of construction at the present time. If a comparable basis as to cost of construction were used, the increase in plant cost reported as necessary would be considerably less in proportion to the prewar plant than the increase in attendance is to the prewar attendance.

RESTRICTIONS ON ADMISSIONS
Early in the present year it became apparent to the Board of Regents that, in spite of every expansion which could be made, hundreds of applications from Georgia's young men and women could not be accepted because of lack of facilities. In this situation the first determination made was the obvious one-that no more non-resident applications would be received. This policy is being followed widely throughout the United States by state institutions faced with similar problems. The board then adopted a definite basis of priorities which is as follows:
17

1. Present and former students: All students now enrolled and in good standing in the in~
stitution and all former stu.dents who left the institution to enter the armed services.
2. New students:
a. Resident veterans. After all applicants in group 1 have been admitted, three~fourths of the remaining accommodations shall be reserved until August 15 for veterans who are not former students but who were residents of the State of Georgia at the time they entered the armed services.
b. Resident civilians. After all applicants in group 1 have been admitted, one~fourth of the remaining accommodations shall be reserved until August 15 for civilians who are resi~ dents of the State of Georgia.
If vacancies remain in either group, 2a or 2b, after August 15, unfilled applications in either of these groups may be transferred to the other. c. Non~resident veterans. d. Non~resident civilians.
The Board of Regents wishes to assure the governor, the Gen~ era1 Assembly, and the people of Georgia that this fair system of priorities has been adhered to rigidly without favoritism to anyone. Whether or not a student is accepted depends solely on the application of this objective standard of priorities. The rules stated above have been applied fairly to all who have requested admission.

GIFTS

Gifts from organizations and individuals as reported by the units of the system are listed below:

Albany State College
Contributions from the citizens of Albany for a college bus___$ Contributions in cash for prizes awarded on Honors Day
during the commencement season_________________________________ Contributions by various firms and individuals.

1,500.00 . 400.00

Georgia Southwestern College
286 volumes of books presented to library by individuals, organizations, and businesses.

University of Georgia
The General Education Board for development of a research program. This grant is $30,000 per year for a period of two years________________________________________________________________ 30,000.00

18

TenonfesfsaeremVpalrloedyucAtus_t_h__o___r_i_t__y___f__o__r___r__e__s_e__a__r__c__h___o__n____p__r__o__c__e__s_s__i_n__g________ 4,500.00

Lederle Laboratories for research in

pharmaceutical chemistry --------------------------------------- 1,500.00

BorSdcehnooFlouonf dHatoimone fEocrofnivoemsiccsh_o__l_a__r_s_h__i_p__s___il_l<___t_h__e_____________________ 1,500.00

Union Bag and Paper Corporation. Two four-year scholar-

ships in the School of Forestry beginning September, 1946 800.00

University Center to aid research of eight faculty members 3,428.20

Robert Woodruff for scholarships in the School of Forestry_ 1,500.00

Robert Woodruff for prizes in the Department of Music____

100.00

Edward S. Shorter for prizes in the Department of Music_____ 350.00

Alfred H. Holbrook-14 Contemporary American paintings,

valued at -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4,000.00 Garden Club of Georgia for completion of Memorial Garden___ 2,000.00

Estate of George S. Whitehead-1,000 law books valued at___ 2,000.00

Atlanta Farm Equipment Company for scholarships in

agricultural engineering______________~--------------------------------------

325.00

Sears, Roebuck & Company-12 scholarships for first year students in agriculture_________________________________________________ 1,200.00

American Potash Institute for graduate fellowship

in agronomy ------------------------------------------------------------ 1,000.00

Texas Gulf Sulphur Company for research on uses of sulphur 1,500.00

The University of Georgia Foundation has received contribu-

tions during the year from 2,588 alumni. Most of these

contributions were secured through the efforts of the

Alumni Society. The two major contributions were $5,000

from Messrs. LeRoy and David Michael and $5,000 from

Messrs. Harry Hodgson, Morton Hodgson, and Ned Hodg-

asolunm. nTihteo atghegrfeoguantdeaatimonouwnat so__f__a__l_l__c__o__n__t_r_i_b__u__t_i_o__n_s___f_r__o__m____t_h__e_ 42,682.71

The Macon Telegraph and The Macon News have placed in

the university library a complete set of the files of these

papers.

A hundred or more smaller gifts have been made to the uni-

versity. Most of these gifts came to the library in the

form of books or money for the purchase of books.

Georgia School of Technology
Georgia Power Company, through the Georgia Tech Alumni Foundation (this donation is being used to construct a large modern A.C. network analyzer)--------$120,000.00
A friend, through the Alumni Foundation, for the construction of a fluid flow laboratory in the Civil Engineering Department -------------------------------------------------------------------- 30,000.00
City of Atlanta and Fulton County for use in obtaining items needed in the development of Georgia Tech which cannot be provided by state appropriations ($25,000 each)_________ 50,000.00
General Education Board for purchase of unusual scientific instruments and equipment__________________________________________ 41,000.00
General Education Board for purchase of rare books and scientific journals___________________________________________ 25,000.00
Textile Education Foundation to supplement and augment the budget of the Textile Department___________________________ 12,500.00
Standard Gage Laboratory from the War Department, Ordnance Division (indefinite loan) ___________________________________ 125,000.00
Westinghouse Electric Corporation for two annual fellowships of $1,200 each in electrical engineering__________________ 15,000.00
State Highway Department contributed considerably in the construction of campus roads.

19

Fulton County Commissioners have aided in drainage of several tracts of land and leveling of Landis Field which will be an intramural recreation field.
Gifts of equipment, such as oscillators, gyro-stabilizers, electric motors, motion pictm1!s, etc., from the General Electric Company, Western Electric Company, Sperry Gyroscope Company, Deering Milliken and Company,
and others. Books contributed to library.

University System Genter Building materials_____________________________________________________________________________$300,000.00 Chemical and physics apparatus________________________________________________ 60,000.00

University of Georgia School of Medicine, Augusta Eli Lilly and Company, Ciba Pharmaceutical Company and Frederick Stearns and Company made grants to the Department of Pharmacology______________________________________________________$
The John and Mary Markle Foundation granted the Department of Medicine_________________________________________________________________________
Abbott Laboratories gave to the Department of Endocrinology Ayerst-McKinnon Company gave to the
Department of Endocrinology________________________________________________
Roche-Organon Company gave to the Department of Endocrinology___________________________________________________
A. K. Steinberg gave to the Department of Endocrinology_____ Armour & Company gave to the Department of Endocrinology The Junior League gave to the Department of
Medicine (Psychiatry) -----------------------------------------------------------The American Medical Association gave to the
Department of Physiology------------------------------------------------------

5,400.00
2,500.00 300.00
1,200.00
832.00 1,000.00
500.00
1,500.00
125.00

West Georgia College Knights Templar Education Fund____________________________________________$ 950.00 Julius Rosenwald Fund --------------------------------------------------------------- 10,000.00 Fifteen 16 mm sound films.

North Georgia College The law library, consisting of 1200 volumes and book case, of the late William C. Martin of Dalton, a former student of North Georgia College.

Fort Valley State College Julius Rosenwald Fund_______________ -------------------------------------------------$ 17,000.00 Radio Station WMAZ for scholarship________________________________________ 100.00

Georgia State College for Women Corrie Hoyt Brown Fund, Donor: Ponce de Leon Church, Atlanta, Georgia (Loan Fund)-----------------------------------------------$ Fannie Trammell D.A.R. Fund. Donor: Georgia D.A.R.
(Loan Fund)-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Georgia State College Savannah Gas Company for annual scholarships in home economics to be awarded to freshmen and sophomores___________$

150.00 40.00
400.00

GeorLgoiaanTeFaucnhde_r_s___C___o__l_l_e__g__e______________________________________________________________________$ Memorial Entrances_______________________________________________________________________

203.50 600.00

Abraham Baldwin Agricultural College Tools given by the various war agencies___________________________________$ 50,000.00

Georgia Coastal Plain Experiment Station Emory University Baker County Laboratory for work in
animal diseases -------------------------------------------------------------------------$ 5,000.00

Georgia State Womans College Fund from friend in another state________________________________________$

1,ooo.oo

20

DEATHS
The following losses to the university system through death are regretfully reported:
Georgia School of Technology J. B. Edwards, professor of physics W. R. McGehee, assistant professor of economics
University of Georgia School of Medicine Dr. Claude McKinley Burpee Dr. W. A. Mulherin
Fort Valley State College Dr. George N. Woodward, college physician
Georgia State College William M. King, instructor of natural science and agriculture
Abraham Baldwin Agricultural College W. H. Cox, agricultural engineer
CONCLUSION
The Board of Regents is grateful to the heads, faculties, and other personnel in the system for the splendid services which they have rendered during the year. They have worked untiringly and intelligently and have given much of their time and ability in helping with the problems confronting the board and the system. The board is aware of the hardships under which they have worked during this year's period of transition. The board is not unmindful of the many personal sacrifices made by them, in many instances without proper compensation.
On behalf of the Board of Regents, the administrative officers, the faculties, and the students, the chairman of the board conveys to the governor and the General Assembly an expression of appreciation for the support given to the University System of Georgia during the past year. A sympathetic understanding of the needs and problems of the system has been shown, for which the board is grateful. Such an understanding has helped the board in its effort to make the university system one of the outstanding educational organizations in the Southeast.
Respectfully submitted,
MARION SMITH, Chairman
21

REPORTS OF THE UNITS OF THE UNIVERSITY SYSTEM OF GEORGIA

.. UNIVERSITY OF GEORGIA ATHENS
ACADEMIC AND RESEARCH PROGRAMS
Revisions in the curriculum of the liberal arts college were made effective for first year students at the beginning of the 1945-46 session. The general purpose of the change was to require students to take more of the basic liberal arts courses and to reduce the number of free electives. The new program seems to be working satisfactorily. One effect of the change has been a much heavier enrollment in courses offered by the language, history, political science, and mathematics departments. Necessarily, there have been increases in the sizes of the faculties of these departments. The university is confident that under the new program students will receive better intellectual discipline, a wider range of information that every liberally educated person should have, and better training for the responsibilities of citizenship in a democratic state.
Other schools and colleges of the university have been making careful studies of their curricular offerings and have made changes that are designed to strengthen their teaching programs.
For a long time the faculty has felt that the University of Georgia had fallen behind other leading universities of the South in the development of research. Last year Dr. G. H. Boyd, dean of the graduate school, was made responsible for the research activities in all departments of the university. During 1945-46 approximately $168,000 was allocated in the budget to the research program. This was by far the largest sum that had ever been made available in one year for research activities. With this financial support, Dr. Boyd has been able to make a satisfactory start toward the development of research work that will be a credit to the university and of great value to the state. One of the foundation boards was so impressed by the proposed program of the university that it made a large grant to aid in carrying out the plans that were formulated. Smaller grants have come from other sources.
Mention should be made here of a significant recognition that came during the past year to the university's research activities in the field of science. The university was awarded a charter for a chapter
24

of the national society of Sigma Xi. The membership of the society consists of the outstanding research scientists in the country. The establishment of a Sigma Xi chapter at the University of Georgia is not only a splendid recognition--of the p~gress that has already been made here but it is an encouragement to the faculty to do even more in the field of scientific research.
THE GEORGIA REVIEW
During the past year the Board of Regents provided funds for a new publication that will be known as The Georgia Review. This publication will contain material regarding the cultural, social, and economic phases of Georgia and the South. It will fill a great need in the state for the stimulation of ideas and the exchange of opinions among those whose thinking will fashion the policies of Georgia people.
The first issue of The Georgia Review is expected to appear in the fall of 1946.
VETERANS GUIDANCE CENTER
In November, 1945, there was established on the campus of the University of Georgia one of the four veterans' guidance centers in the state. The purpose of .these centers is to administer educational, psychological, and vocational aptitude tests to veterans who wish to continue their education at the expense of the federal government. The tests are compulsory for veterans who come under Public Law 16 and optional for those under Public Law 346. The Veterans' Administration assigns to the center at the university all veterans living in this part of the state regardless of the educational institution they wish to enter. Most of those who have passed through the center have entered the University of Georgia. The university provides for the center a staff of technical experts to administer the various tests. The Veterans' Administration also has a staff of its own in the center.
LITTLE MEMORIAL LIBRARY
As was stated in the 1944-45 report, Mr. Alfred Morton Githens, an architect of New York City, was employed to prepare plans for the Little Memorial Library. The Federal Works Agency made a grant of $32,002 to the university to cover a part of the architect's fees. This sum will have to be repaid when work on the library
25

building begins. Mr. Githens has completed the preliminary plans and these plans have been approved. He is now ready to proceed with the working drawings. The cost of this building, on the basis of present prices, will be in excess of $1.000,000. Since the trustees of the Little estate now have only slightly more than $400,000 that can be applied toward the erection of this building, it is evident that additional funds must be secured from other sources.
When this building is completed, the University of Georgia will have one of the best library structures in the South. The plans for the building embody certain features that are entirely new in library buildings and have attracted considerable interest throughout the country.
MEAT LABORATORY
The only new building which has been put into service this year is tne new meat laboratory. Great difficulty was experienced in securing refrigerating equipment for this building. It was finally put into operation in August, 1945. The cost of this building was approximately $40,000. This building handles practically all the meats used in the dining halls of the university. It also serves as a laboratory for those interested in the preservation and handling of meats and in problems of refrigeration.
SHORT COURSES-SERVICES TO THE PUBLIC
As bas been pointed out in previous reports, the university believes that it owes an obligation not only to students registered for classes on its campus but to all the citizens of Georgia. The university undertakes, therefore. to provide the people of the state with information that may be helpful to them in their daily tasks. The College of Agriculture and the College of Education have gone farther than other colleges of the university in carrying their programs directly to the citizens who need their services.
The College of Agriculture bas conducted on the campus many short courses for farmers. The total attendance at these short courses was 3,026. Quite a number of short courses have been conducted. in various parts of the state. For instance, three departments in the College of Agriculture have collaborated in offering thirty-two courses out in the state on the growing and storing of disease-free sweet potatoes.
The soil testing service which was established about three years
26

ago in the Department of Agronomy has analyzed during the past year 2,500 samples of soil for farmers and has made recommendations regarding the kind of crops that should be planted on the land from which the samples weretaken. The building plan service of the Department of Agriculture has sent to farmers 700 plans for dwelling houses and other farm buildings. These services and others of a like kind are given to farmers without charge.
The College of Education has continued its policy of assisting teachers already in service to prepare themselves better for the work of their profession. Saturday classes have been conducted on the campus for teachers who are free to come to the university on that day for instruction. Workshops have been conducted in various county and city school systems throughout the state. The University of Georgia has cooperated with Emory University in maintaining and operating an Atlanta area teachers education center. The enrollment in this center has averaged about 150 throughout the year.
The School of Journalism sponsors the Georgia Scholastic Press Association which brings several hundred high school students to the campus each spring. It also sponsors the Georgia Press Institute for the editors of the state. In the fall of 1946 a radio institute will be held on the campus for the first time. Last summer the College of Business Administration sponsored an institute of industrial relations which was attended by business men from various parts of the state. It is planning now an institute on labor relations for the summer of 1946.
Thousands of adult citizens attend meetings on the university campus each year. The university believes that it is making the people of the state more and more conscious of the fact that it is dedicated to serving their needs and promoting their welfare.
GEORGIA SCHOOL OF TECHNOLOGY
ATLANTA
For many years the Georgia School of Technology has opera:ted on the semester basis-two semesters of sixteen weeks each. During the war, from 1941 to 1946, courses were offered on the accelerated schedule of three semesters of sixteen weeks each. During the past year it was decided to adopt the quarter system of four quarters of twelve weeks each. This plan begins operation in September, 1946, and it
27

is believed to have many advantages. Two important ones may be mentioned. First, it will synchronize Georgia Tech's program with those of other units of the university system. Second, it will fit more accurately and allow more flexibility for the co-operative plan of engineering education.
ARMY R.O.T.C.
Georgia Tech was the first institution of higher learning in this region-probably the first in the United States-to restore courses in its advanced R.O.T.C. Due to the fact that most students are veterans. the enrollment in these advanced courses will remain comparatively small for a few years. R.O.T.C. units are planned in the air corps. corps of engineers. chemical warfare service. quartermaster corps. ordnance department. signal corps. and coast artillery corps as soon as legislation by Congress will permit the Army to work out its peacetime plan. This division is urgently in need of an armory and drill field. Plans are such that the attainment of the drill field in 1946 appears probable. but unless federal assistance can be obtained, an adequate armory appears several years in the future.
NAVY R.O.T.C.
During the past year the Naval R.O.T.C. has been ably com-
manded by Captain Robert Strite. He is leaving the Navy July I.
1946. to become controller of Georgia Tech and will be succeeded by Captain Josephus Briggs, U.S.N.
At the commencement exercises on June 21. 1946, the Navy Department presented Georgia Tech with a citation for its contribution to the war effort in training officers for the Navy. At that time Captain Strite pointed out that the records appeared to indicate that Georgia Tech had trained more young men for commissions in the Navy than any other educational institution in the country with the exception of the Naval Academy at Annapolis.
The Navy has a carefully prepared plan for continuing its R.O. T.C. in September of this year. Some details of this plan are yet dependent upon legislation by Congress. but regardless of details. Georgia Tech will continue the pleasant duty of cooperating with the Navy in training Naval reserve officers.
RESEARCH
THE GEORGIA TECH RESEARCH INSTITUTE
Because of the regularly increasing volume of industrial research
28

and development at Tech during the past few years, the Georgia Tech Research Institute was recently organized as a successor to the Industrial Development Council for _the purp~e of more adequately handling certain phases related to the station's outside sponsored work, such as industrial relations and contractual matters.
The purpose of the institute is to implement and coordinate the utilization of Georgia Tech research facilities by those industries, associations, government agencies, individuals, or others who may require these services in the search for new or improved products, the development of technological processes, or the prosecution of fundamental research. It is a nonprofit organization, separately incorporated under the laws of the State of Georgia and closely integrated with the Georgia School of Technology. Its board of trustees is selected from industry at large and from the Georgia Tech faculty, alumni foundation, and alumni association.
Normally, the research and development work on projects which the institute accepts is conducted through use of the research facilities of the Georgia School of Technology. However, the charter of the institute permits it to enlist such other assistance as may be required.
THE STATE ENGINEERING EXPERIMENT STATION
Industrial research and development on the campus of Georgia Tech is directed by the State Engineering Experiment Station, whose modern research building contains the special laboratories, pilot plant floor, machine shops, design department, and other installations required to supplement the research facilities of the school.
In the prosecution of industrial research and development, the station has available and utilizes the extensive technical facilities of the departments of aeronautical engineering. architecture, biology and public health engineering, ceramic engineering. chemistry. chemical engineering. civil engineering. economics and social science, electrical engineering, engineering drawing and mechanics, geology. industrial engineering, industrial management, mathematics, mechanical engineering, physics, psychology. and textile engineering.
During 1945-46 the engineering experiment station had the busiest and most successful year since its formation. Practically every phase of its activity has been expanded, and a number of new functions have been initiated. Contributions were made in research related to national security in industrial research, in fundamental research
29

and in research directed toward the study and development of the state's natural resources.
Thirty major research projec:ts-and fourteen minor research or special jobs were prosecuted during 1945-46, requiring the full time services of thirty-one persons and the part-time services of sixty others. For the first time since the war started civilian students, largely veterans, were again available to provide part-time assistance on some of the projects. Next year more such students are expected to be available, and graduate assistants will also be utilized for work on station projects.
Progress reports on a number of the station's research projects and on other activities of its staff have been published in the form of technical bulletins and articles. So far this year thirty-three publications have appeared. Reports on the progress of ten other projects are now in the process of publication. These publications do not represent all of the station's progress reports, since many projects are of such a nature that publication of results cannot be made until a later date.
The continued effort toward strengthening the industrial research part of the program has resulted in the undertaking of additional outside sponsored research as well as the utilization of additional staff members in directing and consulting capacities. New contracts have been made with industries, industry groups and societies, and scientific and engineering societies, from which additional cooperative programs are certain to develop.
Work has continued throughout the year on the station's industrial economic research studies. The various state area economic surveys are practically complete, and if sufficient funds are available, these studies are to be summarized into one report covering the entire state. Additional work was done in cooperation with the Agricultural and Industrial Development Board toward further improving the state's economy'. This work led to additional published special station reports on possible new industrial enterprises within the state. At present this work has been interrupted because of lack of personnel and funds.
The school library, one of the finest and most complete collections of technical books and journals in the country, affords a primary tool for research. All of these facilities are coordinated and made available on a contractual basis through the services of the Georgia Tech Research Institute.
30

VETERANS GUIDANCE CENTER
One of the most helpful things being done at Georgia Tech for the veterans is the work carried- on by. tlie veterans guidance center, directed by Dr. Joseph E. Moore. The guidance center affords veterans who apply for it, at no cost to them, a scientific appraisal of their talents and wholesome advice as to their chances of success in a given field of human endeavor.
The center has rendered a superior quality of vocational guidance to almost 4,000 veterans during this last year and has grown from a staff of four employees to its present complete staff of twenty-two. It has averaged processing more than twelve men per day five and a half days a week this past year.
The good will that a self-supporting veterans guidance center creates for Georgia Tech is both significant and far reaching. It looks forward to its greatest year of usefulness and service to the veterans of Georgia.
GRADUATE WORK
To have a great technological institute without a strong graduate division is impossible. It is normally thought that graduate work accomplishes only three major objectives:
1. Enables the graduate student to secure advanced academic degrees which are frequently necessary in a specialized field.
2. Increases the specialized knowledge of the graduate student and makes him a master in a specialized field.
3. Contributes to and actually advances the boundaries of human knowledge by new discoveries.
These things are valuable and indispensable, but graduate work does much more than that for an institution: it also makes possible a much stronger faculty. Few outstanding teachers will work for a technological institution if there is no chance of doing graduate research work.
Graduate work actually improves all teaching, both graduate and undergraduate. As is strikingly pointed out iti the' report of Dean R. I. Sarbacher, the graduate students actually give to the institution in work hours more time than is required of the faculty. There is, of course, a limit to this, and, naturally, the quality of one hour of a graduate student's work is not the same as one hour of work by a
31

professor. Nevertheless, graduate students carry more than their share of the "academic dishwashing."
The Board of Regents contributed greatly to this progress when it authorized this year that Georgia Tech convey the doctorate in engineering.
PROGRESS ON MASTER PLAN
In 1944 the Board of Regents approved a master plan for the growth and development of Georgia Tech. At that time Georgia Tech owned but forty-four acres of land. This plan encompasses about 150 acres, and to date about 132 acres have been acquired. The remaining land is occupied by residences and will be expensive to acquire. It is believed the remaining land can be acquired for about $600,000. A portion of this land should be acquired in the next two years as sites for a student activities building and the proposed fraternity group.
The master plan approved in 1944 has not been altered in its major features. However, in minor respects additional studies indicate improvements, and these are brought to the attention of the regents annually for revision. The plan approved in 1944 was envisioned as a ten year program.
Land is the first essential to such a program, and its acquisition is ahead of schedule. The only element of the plan which is far behind schedule is the construction of academic buildings. That portion of the plan must be expedited this year.
LIBRARY
Georgia School of Technology has a strong program for strengthening its graduate division and for furthering research. The library is a vital factor in offering work leading to a doctorate. It is also vital in research and has been a great opportunity to be of untold value to the engineers, scholars, and research workers of this region. If space were available, new services not now found in this section of the country could be established. One such service-a patent collection-has been started without sufficient space or funds. This collection wis begun in May when the current issues of printed patents were received by subscription. The library hopes to secure copies as ar back as 1925.
32

UNIVERSITY SYSTEM OF GEORGIA CENTER
ATLANTA
HOUSING
Two years ago the survey committee appointed by the state legis~ lature asked the Board of Regents to classify the housing needs of this institution as an emergency item because of the service it could render the returning veteran. It was brought out then that the faculty and staff of the University System of Georgia Center had, for twenty years, given most of its attention to adult education. The overcrowded con~ dition and the fire hazard of the building then occupied were given by the committee as additional reasons for larger and better quarters.
The Board of Regents accepted this challenge from the legislative committee and obtained a building suitable for immediate recon~ version.
The University System Center accepted the responsibility of a self~liquidating program of $301.000 for the downtown, six~story Bolling~Jones Building. So anxious was the school to serve Georgia veterans with college facilities that a liquidating program was form~ ulated.
The income on the building before the school was moved was less than $30,000, but during this year it will be doubled. This increased income was made without an increased cost to tenants of the building. Returns on the parking lot adjacent to the building provide now an income of about fifteen per cent on the school's in~ vestment. The lot is also a considerable convenience to the evening students, as their time between leaving their employment and attend~ ing classes is limited. Furthermore, safety in parking, especially for women students attending night classes, is of utmost consideration.
An endowment of more than $2.000,000 at the general endow~ ment rate would not bring in as much income as the school is receiv~ ing in net rentals. Besides, it bas available a most acceptable school building, which this year may bouse approximately 4,500 Georgia students. Appraisers have stated that, at present construction costs, the replacement value of the building structure alone would be $926.~ 000. This does not include materials and labor amounting to nearly $300,000, which the school has been able to add, all without cost to the State of Georgia.
33

Vigorous efforts over a period of several months have resulted in more than $200,000 in building materials being donated to the school. Only by dramatizing its need and the problem of returning veterans was the school able to seeure this material. The building, although still within several months of completion, was sufficiently. improved for all classes to move into this building in March of this year.
INCREASED ENROLLMENT
The enrollment of veterans had increased from 160 in the fall term to 1300 in the spring, with an equal number of non-veterans. To accommodate the several thousand anticipated for the fall terrri and to care for those not able to enroll at the other units of the university system, classes will run from nine o'clock in the morning until nine o'clock at night. Additional faculty members have been added so that at the beginning of the term eight divisions of the University System Center will be headed by a faculty member with a doctor of philosophy degree. The other academic phases of the college have been strengthened to care for the heavy enrollment next fall.
PLANS FOR FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS
Through foresight in securing for the institution the present downtown location and the adjacent parking facilities, now so successfully income-bearing, the regents have placed this institution in a position for even further income-bearing development without cost to the state. The matter of further development has been mentioned to members of the board on their inspection of the school property. More recently, experienced engineers and builders have become enthusiastic about the project.
People interested in education sometimes forget that students going to a downtown institution need relaxation just as much as do students on a campus where much money is expended for such facilities. The Mead Bill, if passed by Congress, might assist this institution in providing such facilities. It would add to the health and happiness of these Georgia high school graduates coming to Atlanta every year to receive the college education they thought they had lost because of a lack of money for a campus education.
34

UNIVERSITY OF GEORGIA SCHOOL OF MEDICINE
AUGUSTA-
The University of Georgia School of Medicine has a larger enrollment than the following well known medical schools: University of Southern California, Stanford University, University of Chicago, University of Colorado, Yale University, Boston University School of Medicine, Wayne University College of Medicine, and Vanderbilt University School of Medicine.
CAMPUS IMPROVEMENTS
Since the last report no important changes have been made on the campus as regards new buildings or annexes, roadways or landscape gardening.
Ample space is available for the construction of a general state hospital and for a new medical school building, since the plot between Bailie and Fifteenth streets contains eighteen and a half acres, only a small part of which is now occupied by the Dugas and Murphey buildings.
Other prospective changes are a renovation of the present administration building into a student union and dormitory building as soon as the new medical school building can be occupied. The Board of Regents has set aside three acres for a crippled children's hospital. The Board of Regents is also being requested to set aside a lot for a regional laboratory building for the State Health Department.
POSTGRADUATE TEACHING
After the cessation of hostilities, there was a marked increase in applications for postgraduate training. The faculty has absorbed as many returning veterans as possible, and quite a number of them have taken general refresher courses as well as intensive courses in such fields as cardiology and anesthesiology. Post-graduate training has been extended by adding returning veterans to the resident staff.
DEGREES AWARDED
At the present time the only degree awarded by the School of Medicine is the doctor of medicine. It is very much to be desired that the degree of master of science in medicine be awarded to postgradu-
35

ate students in the clinical field. The awarding of such a degree would enable the school and hospital to obtain the services of better qualified research fellows and reside!J:t staff m~mbers.
COMMITTEE APPOINTED TO VISIT OTHER MEDICAL S~HOOLS
At a meeting of the Board of Regents held at the School of Medicine on October 11, 1945, the board authorized the appointment of a committee to inspect four state university medical schools situated in small cities and operating large general state hospitals and make a report to the board. The schools recommended to the committee were the University of Virginia at Charlottesville, the University of Iowa at Iowa City, the University of Michigan at Ann Arbor, and the University of Wisconsin at Madison.
The need of a visitation to these schools is still urgent in order for the regents to be informed properly concerning the urgent need of a general state hospital on the campus of the University of Georgia School of Medicine.
ACCREDITING STATUS
The School of Medicine continues approved by the Council on Medical Education and Hospitals of the American Medical Association, and it is a member in good standing of the Association of American Medical Colleges. This approval will continue for the duration of wartime conditions, but if additional clinical material is not supplied for the large third and fourth year classes, it is not unlikely that approval will be withdrawn. This can be prevented by carrying out the recommendations in the report made by the dean to the Board of Regents February 14, 1945.
MEDICAL STATE AID
The appropriation of fifty thousand dollars a year for the hospitalization of indigent patients from rural counties continues and is a boon not only to the needy patients of the state but also to the School of Medicine. Excellent teaching material is obtained in this way and the patients are given the best possible treatment by specialists in various fields.
This program has the approval and cooperation of the county welfare departments and the State Department of Public Welfare. It is hoped that the construction and maintenance of a general state
36

hospital on the campus of the medical school will be the early culmination of this program.
PHYSICAL EXAMINATION OM NEWLY ENROLLED STUDENl'S
The participation of third and fourth year medical students in the examination of newly enrolled students in various units of the university system is continued. Arrangements can be made by the various units, who are requested to write to the dean of the medical school in this regard.
RECOMMENDATIONS CONCERNING STUDENTS
Since the bill to appropriate money for scholarships for students who would locate in rural communities is inadequate because only the sum of one thousand dollars is allocated for a student over a period of four years, it is recommended that a new bill be introduced to provide a minimum of two thousand dollars (five hundred dollars a school year) , with the provisions of the former bill. The scholarship of one thousand dollars is not suffident to attract applicants, since practically all potential applicants would prefer to borrow the money and not obligate themselves to practice four years in a rural community.
It is very much to be desired that rural communities in need of physicians furnish offices and equipment and pay a small stipend of two, thousand or twenty-four hundred dollars a year. It would be much better if small, well-equipped hospitals were built by several rural counties on a share-the-cost basis. Under such conditions young physicians might be attracted to such communities without requiring scholarships. It costs at least three thousand dollars for a medical education in the less expensive schools. A young physician could not afford to practice in a small community where a good living could not be made, especially if he had to repay debts incurred while obtaining a medical education.
It is strongly urged that the Board of Regents ask the State Board of Medical Examiners to require an internship of one year in a hospital approved by such board before licensing anyone to practice medicine in Georgia.
STATUS OF SCHOOL AND OUTLOOK
The School of Medicine is now enjoying the best ~eputation of
37

its existence since it was founded in 1828. This is due to the fine support the school has received from the Board of Regents. This support has made possible the employment of a distinguished faculty whose teaching and research hav~ established a name in the world of medical education. Some of the most important scientific research done anywhere has been done by the faculty of the School of Medicine. This work has attracted wide attention.
All that is necessary to continue the School of Medicine as an approved institution is to supply the funds required for proper maintenance. Medical school budgets are carefully scrutinized by the accrediting agencies, which recognize the fact that medical education is expensive.
NORTH GEORGIA COLLEGE
DAHLONEGA
SENIOR STATUS RESTORED
The excellent contribution of North Georgia College to the Army Specialized Training Program, in competition with the nation's most outstanding schools, the special needs of the section, and a fully established state-wide patronage argued in favor of changing the status of the school from that of a junior college to that of a senior instition. Then, too, the college faced loss of prestige through an impending change in its official War Department rating. For twelve years it enjoyed, as a junior institution, the MC rating given only to fouryear colleges. Such an anomaly could not continue. Thus, in order to maintain and increase the usefulness of the college to the state, the regents on February 14, 1946, voted to restore the school's original degree-granting status. This action was enthusiastically received throughout the state. The work of reorganization at once began, and five weeks later, at the beginning of the next quarter, eleven juniors were enrolled. On June 17, there were twenty-two juniors definitely classified and indications are that with the opening of the fall quarter there will be seventy-five or more. The possibility of a successful senior division program and the wisdom of the regents' decision are thus clearly established.
While traditionally military, the college is also historically coeducational. Its first graduating class, 1878, contained nine boys and one girl, and thus the regents naturally voted that the policy of co-
38

education should continue. An interesting "by-product" of the reconversion almost immediately appeared. Students who had been thinking of "terminal" cour~e.s began _.!o discuss degrees and even graduate study.
SUMMER QUARTER
The new senior North Georgia College has an unusual opportunity to develop a unique summer term program. Many Georgia people leave the state to study during the summer weeks at such places as Culowhee, Boone and Asheville, North Carolina. Our own Lumpkin County and Dahlonega have a comparable summer climate with surrounding scenic beauty and near-by recreational opportunities unsurpassed. For high school graduates, college students, and public school teachers alike a special summer program offered in the picturesque highland section of the state would hold strong appeal, and it is hoped that later the regents will authorize such a development. The outstanding success of the North Georgia College summer workshop and suggestions and requests that are coming in leave no doubt as to the wisdom and practical value of work of this type being offered in Dahlonega. Now that the college has been restored to senior status, and since the need is so great, it is appropriate that as rapidly as possible North Georgia College should be encouraged to make its largest contribution to the life of the state.
LEAVES OF ABSENCE FOR ADVANCED STUDY
Since coming to Dahlonega twelve years ago, the president has been considerably worried by the apparent necessity of "intellectual stagnation" in the faculty. Salaries were below a living level. and the size of the staff almost constantly far below actual needs. For years there was no appropriation for support of the summer term, yet service to the state demanded that the facilities not be closed during the three summer months. The calendars of the Army and civilian programs did not correspond, and thus a large number of the faculty were forced to teach actually fifty-two weeks in the year. While the teaching staff has always done consistently superior work, this pace and the resulting limitation of new experience and perspective must be relieved. Since there is, so far as the president knows, no university system policy in regard to leaves for advanced study, he hopes shortly to suggest to the regents a policy for North Georgia College and ask favorable consideration. Funds expended in this way will bring unbelievable returns in intellectual vigor, teaching skill and institutional morale.
39

GEORGIA STATE COLLEGE FOR WOMEN
MILLEDGEVILLE
NEW FACULTY MEMBERS
Dr. Donald C. Fuller came from the graduate school of Pennsylvania State College to become chairman of the division of business administration, replacing Mr. Eakins who became associate professor of economics. Dr. Fuller holds the bachelor's and master's degrees from Boston University and the doctor of education degree from Harvard University. He had been in charge of business education in Pennsylvania State for two years before coming to G.S.C.W. He has contributed several articles to the Journal of Business Administration and to other professional publications.
Dr. Katherine Holtzclaw became chairman of the division of home economics, replacing Dr. Jessie McVey, who resigned to return to her home in Ohio. Dr. Holtzclaw, A.B. and M.A., Peabody College, and Ph.D., New York University, had been professor of education and head of the department of home economics at Eastern Carolina Teachers College for several years.
Mr. James V. McDonough was elected chairman of the newly created division of fine arts. Mr. McDonough holds an A.B. degree and a master of fine arts degree from Princeton University and an M.A. degree from the University of Pittsburgh. He had been assistant professor of fine arts at Carleton College for some years.
Mr. W. E. Moore returned from a year of study on a General Education Board fellowship at the University of Chicago to become assistant registrar and professor of English. Mr. Moore holds an A.B. degree from Furman University, and an M.A. degree from Columbia University, with one year each of additional study at Columbia, Peabody, and Chicago. He was formerly assistant professor of English and university examiner at the University of Florida.
Dr. Rosa Lee Walston became chairman of the division of languages and literature. Dr. Walston holds an A.B. degree from Huntingdon College, an M.A. degree from both Birmingham-Southern and Columbia University, and the Ph.D. degree from Duke University. Dr. Walston was for a number of years connected with the Alabama Polytechnic Institute as associate professor and professor of English and as dean of women. More recently she had been senior specialist in student personnel administration with the United States
40

Office of Education. She replaced Dr. W. T. Wynn, who became professor emeritus of English.
Mr. Paul Carroll, A.B., Wofford, aAd M.A., Peabody College, became professor of education and principal of the Peabody High School of the college in the place of Miss Mary Lee Anderson who resigned. Mr. Carroll was for a number of years the president of Norman Junior College. For the past year he had been a member of the field staff of the education panel of the Georgia Agricultural and Industrial Development Board.
Dr. T. E. Smith, A.B. and M.A., Mercer University, and Ph.D., Peabody College, took up his work as professor of education at the beginning of the winter term. Mr. Smith had been for several years registrar and head of the department of education at Georgia Southwestern College. For a year and a half preceding his work here, he had been a member of the field staff of the education panel of the Georgia Agricultural and Industrial Development Board.
Dr. Clyde E. Keeler became professor of biology. Dr. Keeler, B.S. and M.S., Denison University, and Sc.D., Harvard University, has held the Sheldon fellowship in the Rothschild Opthalmological Hospital in Paris and in Asia Minor, the Milton Fund fellowship to the Orient and a Guggenheim fellowship to Europe. He has taught recently in the Womans College of the University of North Carolina and in Wesleyan College. Dr. Keeler is the author of a number of articles published in various scientific magazines and his research reports are widely quoted.
Miss Dolores Artau, A.B. and M.A., University of Georgia, became head of the Spanish department, succeeding Dr. C. W. Smith, who resigned at the opening of college in the fall. Miss Artau has also studied abroad.
Miss Hilda Hertz, A.B., Skidmore College, and M.A., Duke University, was added to the social science department.
LEAVES
Dr. Mildred English, superintendent of the Peabody School, was granted a leave of absence in April for one year to become a member of the United States Education and Rehabilitation Staff in Germany. Professor Max Noah, head of the department of music, has been away the entire year, first at the University of Cincinnati, and later at Peabody College, taking work leading toward a doctorate. Miss Edna
41

West, head of the dtpartment of speech and dramatics, has spent the year at the University of Wisconsin in special study in speech and dramatic arts. Miss Margaret Meqpers, alumnae secretary and assistant professor of journalism, has also been taking special courses in journalism in the University of Wisconsin, where she received the master's degree in this field in May. Miss Bernice Freeman, instructor of English in the Peabody High School, has continued at Teachers College, Columbia University, a second year, working toward the doctor's degree. Miss Nelle Quarterman, instructor in secretarial training in the Peabody High School, has been on leave of absence during the winter and spring for graduate study at Teachers College, Columbia University.
NEW DEGREES
Dr. Helen Greene completed her work last summer and received her doctor of philosophy degree from the University of Chicago in October. Miss Grace Chapin received the master's degree from the University of Tennessee last suinmer, and Miss Augusta Jenkins received her master's degree from the University of Georgia last summer.
OFF-CAMPUS WORKSHOPS
During the first session of the summer school of 1946, a workshop for the teachers of Paulding County was directed by G.S.C.W. Fifty teachers were in attendance. The expenses for this workshop were guaranteed by the Paulding County Board of Education. During the second session of the summer school of 1945, a workshop for teachers was held at Cordele for the teachers of that section. The expenses of this workshop were guaranteed by the Crisp County Board of Education.
CONFERENCES
A nursery school conference was held at the college January 8-9, 1946, with about forty nursery school teachers from over the state in attendance. During the first session of the summer school of 1946, a special three-week's course for nursery school teachers was held on the campus with eighteen teachers in regular attendance. February 15-16, 1946, was the date when the supervisors of student teachers from over the state held a conference on the campus, with about fifty in attendance. The college participated in the training of county supervisors by u~ing our facilities and staff for two periods of concentrated training for those who were still in the training period.
. 42

During the second session of the summer school of 1945, the state 4-H Clubs held their annual conference on the campus with about seven hundred fifty in attendance. During the first session of the summer school of 1946, a band camp was held on the campus with about one hundred high school boys and girls attending. The Georgia Collegiate Press Institute and the International Relations Clubs of the state held their annual meetings on the campus during the spring. In May, the State Music Festival was held on the campus with one thousand boys and girls and their teachers in attendance.
AUDIO-VISUAL AIDS
The Audio-Visual Aids to Instruction under the direction of Dr. Paul J. Boesen has steadily grown in resources and in use by the college. A great deal of valuable teaching equipment is available, and staff members are making use of it. This department has shown a considerable expansion during the year, and has projected a program which involves an even greater growth.
GEORGIA TEACHERS COLLEGE
STATESBORO
ATTENDANCE
Attendance in teachers colleges has been greatly influenced by the war. This is due to the following reasons. ( 1) The men students were drafted as in other institutions where men were enrolled. (2) Labor of all types was in great demand and at good wages, and young women seized opportunities to earn instead of attending college. (3) The demand for teachers in the public schools was great, and any person who could qualify was accepted for employment.
With the increase in salaries for Georgia teachers and with life in general assuming a more settled status, student enrollment may be expected to attain its normal number within the next few years.
STRENGTHENING THE FACULTY
The greatest improvement of the past fiscal year has been in the faculty. The war and other causes reduced the faculty of Georgia Teachers College. The release of personnel from war service has made it possible to enlarge and strengthen the faculty in every department. As it is organized for next year, the faculty will be able to offer a
43

well-rounded program of teacher education in all phases of public school work.
NEW EMPHASI'5 IN OFFERINGS
For a number of years the Georgia Teachers College has emphasized the preparation of elementary and secondary teachers. It has promoted the development of industrial art shops in public schools and the development of musical organizations such as glee clubs, choruses, and bands and orchestras. Leaders for those phases of work have been prepared. While efforts in those areas will not be relaxed, efforts will be increased in certain other important fields, particularly home economics, commercial. education, and health and physical education. Directors will be trained for those types of work.
THE GEORGIA STATE WOMANS'COLLEGE
VALDOSTA
By late spring the Georgia State Womans College had accepted a capacity enrollment for 1946-47. So many able students applied for admission that it was necessary to convert the recreational room in Senior Hall into student bedrooms. This work will be completed during the summer months.
All faculty replacements for 1946-47 have been made. Dr. Earl W. Phelan, who has been working in the field of :flying projectiles while on leave to the United States Government, will return as head of the chemistry department in September.
The many friends of the college have continued to aid in the beautification projects on the campus. Mr. Drexel, city landscape architect, has supervised the planting of azaleas and other flowering plants and shrubs in the south woods, and Mrs. R. B. Whitehead has continued the unique Camellia Trail that winds through the north woods.
In April the Serenaders, a group of young women chosen from the glee club, were invited to sing in Atlantic City before a convention of representatives of chambers of commerce through the country. The Serenaders also sang in a number of other places including an appearance at the Mayflower Hotel in Washington and at the Walter Reed Hospital. In May the group presented a program before the Georgia Bar Association at its meeting in Savannah.
44

DIVISION OF GENERAL EXTENSION
ATLANTA
Since its inauguration the division has been largely self-supporting. With limited income. the program of the division, unfortunately, is largely restricted to those activities which yield financial returns; such as extension class instruction and correspondence instruction for which students pay tuition, and audio-visual aids extension service for which small service fees are charged.
The plan of operation of the Division of General Extension contemplates full cooperation with all units of the University System of Georgia in the areas reasonably accessible to the respective units. The plan is successful where administrative officers and faculties of the several units of the system are interested and cooperative and where there is a realization of the value of the university system's cooperative extension program.
ACADEMIC CREDIT
The academic standards of the University System of Georgia are rigidly maintained at all times in the work of the division; students doing extension work receive the same credit as do resident students for the same or equivalent work. One-fourth of the credit required for a degree in an institution of the university system may be obtained through the Division of General Extension. Other leading universities in the United States allow more extension credit to be applied toward degree requirements, some twice as much, as, for instance, the University of Chicago.
FACULTY
On the staff of instruction of the division there are six full-time representatives for the organization and instruction of extension classes. For some months now, three of the six members of the full-time teaching staff have been in the armed services or engaged in work supporting the war effort and have been on leave of absence for the duration. In addition to their own work of teaching. the members of the full-time instructional staff make contracts and organize extension classes which are instructed by members of the faculties of the several units of the university system. Eight part-time instructors have been employed during the past year.
45


COURSES OFFERED Courses in a wide range of subjects have been given in extension classes in thirty-one communities of the state during the current year. Six hundred and thirty~three students completed I, 130 courses tn extension classes during the year. Two hundred and eighty correspondence courses have been offered by the members of the faculties of five senior colleges of the university system. Three thousand, three hundred and five students were registered for 4, I 71 correspondence courses. A combined total of 3,938 individual students has been enrolled during the year 1945-46, as compared with 3,782 in 1944-45. The Division of General Extension cooperates with the United States Armed Forces Institute in offering correspondence courses to men and w'omen in the armed services. Under this plan, the student pays one-half of the cost of tuition and text books and the federal government pays one-half. The Division of General Extension of the University System of Georgia gives both correspondence and class instruction to former servicemen who are entitled to these benefits under Public Law 346. Non-credit reading courses have been provided for study groups of the Georgia State Federation of Women's Clubs, Parent-Teacher Associations, and other local organizations.
AUDIO-VISUAL AIDS Inaugurated in 1936, the Audio-Visual Aids Extension Service of the division continues to grow and expand and ranks among the largest and best film library services of the country. The library contains 1,419 educational motion picture :films, which were utilized in class-room instruction by 790 schools and colleges in thirty-seven states and the District of Columbia during the past year. There were 20,863 showings of these films to a total audience of 1,589,503, an increase of approximately one-quarter of a million over the preceding year.
46

GEORGIA SOUTHWESTERN COLLEGE
AMERICUS
HOUSING
The Georgia Southwestern College has a total of 131 available dormitory rooms, in which 400 students must be accommodated. Four students must often be placed in one room. As the rooms will then be too crowded for study, the library will be kept open until 10 p. m. Certain large classrooms will also be available for study purposes, with auxiliary libraries for the principal basic courses.
In addition to five rooms which have been added in the day student building, the college is gaining nine rooms by completing the daylight basement of Sanford Hall. This space will be used as an infirmary and will release five rooms in Morgan Hall now used as an infirmary.
The classroom space is less this year than in 1940-41, due to the demolition of two wooden structures formerly used as classrooms and laboratories. An attempt to meet the needs is being made by making three classrooms in the basement of Sanford Hall. and by lengthening the school day to begin at 8: 00 a. m. and run to 6:00 p. m. Careful preliminary scheduling before school opens will endeavor to avoid giving a student or professor more than a five or six hour day.
PERSONNEL
The personnel problem of Georgia Southwestern College is probably greater than that of any other unit of the system. This is due not only to the doubled attendance and the scarcity of well-trained teachers, but also to wartime efforts to maintain all essential courses even at the cost of reducing the administrative staff to two persons: president and bookkeeper-treasurer. These two performed the duties of president, dean, registrar, business manager and treasurer. This was a simple task with a hundred and fifty students. The necessity for sudden reorganization finds the school with inadequate administrative force.
Rebuilding the administrative staff is more difficult than rebuilding the teaching staff. A start has been made by securing an unusually capable and well trained young man, Mr. Neil G. Wilcoxson, for business manager. Many administrative duties will be cared for
47

temporarily by committees with chairmen acquainted with the general program. In this way it is hoped to discover promising material for several administrative positions, rather than import them from elsewhere.
The teaching staff is not yet complete. The seven well-trained and highly recommended teachers have been added, leaving five yet to be found.
EQUIPMENT
The present teaching equipment, aside from library. is entirely inadequate for the present student body, much less the prospective student body of 550. Whether wisely or unwisely, the college has spent relatively more money for instructional salaries and less for teaching equipment than other institutions, as was evidenced in the relatively small additional allotment required to bring the salaries at this institution up to the newly adopted scale. Detailed reports showing the school's needs are on file in the regents' central office.
A relatively larger amount is needed for equipment, due to the doubled enrollment plus the long-time neglect of equipment, especially in biology, business education, chemistry. horne economics, physical education, and physics.
WEST GEORGIA COLLEGE
CARROLLTON
STATUS
West Georgia College is a co-educational junior college of the University System of Georgia. An additional year is given for students who are studying in the field of elementary education.
THE SCHOOL AT WORK
This institution seeks to work effectively in the field of junior college education. The emphasis in its program covers three things in the following order: general education on the junior colle~e level. teacher education for rural schools on the third year level. limited preparation in the field of vocational education.
In the field of general education the institution seeks to give a
48

broad education, which includes English and the humanities, social science, biological and natural science, mathematics, and avocational courses as music, art and physical education. In this first objective the college seeks to develop an individual \t!'ho will intelligently adjust himself in a modern world in which he lives. To this end a highly trained faculty has been secured which gives emphasis to teaching and student interests rather than research. The library, visual aids, student activities, visiting lecturers, and consultants contribute to this objective. The faculty has reason to believe that it has realized progress in its efforts.
The project of the teacher education department commonly referred to as "A College and a County" has received wide acclaim. There are on file in the regents' office publications and descriptive materials which indicate the peculiar nature and set-up of this department.
The opportunities for vocational education, due to the lack of funds, have not been developed sufficiently. The institution does have complete shops in three or four fields, and it is the hope of the staff to bring something of the merit and quality experienced in the first and second objectives to this third objective of vocational education.
LIBRARY
The Sanford Library now has a collection of 9,300 volumes of well selected books other than government documents and bound periodicals. In the past few years emphasis has been upon building a good reference collection, and the library has used as basic buying guides the Carnegie Corporation List of Books for Junior Colleges and the List of Reference Books compiled by the Southern Association of Secondary Schools and Colleges. The library now has a creditable working collection of material plus some valuable government publications and some 400 bound periodicals.
The remainder of the collection has been chosen with much thought and care, but it is not as well balanced as it should be. It is very strong in the fields of science, social science, and history, but somewhat weak in philosophy and religion and the fine arts.
During the past two years there has been an average monthly circulation of 2,450 volumes. The faculty members are usually responsible for four per cent of this circulation.
49

Through gifts the library now owns :fifteen 16mm. sound films. Recently recordings have been purchased when needed for classroom use. This collection at present is small, but it will be increased in the future as the demandincreases.-It is not a duplication of the musical recordings in the Carnegie Collection housed in the Rural Arts Building, but aids for courses in literature, children's literature, public speaking, and nature study.
The library building houses at present three libraries: the Junior College Library, the Carroll County Materials Bureau, and the West Georgia Regional Library.
RECENT ARTICLES AND BOOKS BY THE FACULTY
Ingram, I. S.-"A College and a County," Georgia Educational Journal, April, 1945.
Smith, George K.-Working for Democracy.
"New Ways of Living," Rural Electrification News, February, 1945.
"Educational FM," The Listening Post, Georgia Association for Education by Radio, April, 1945.
Barfoot, Lamar-"We Dig a Lunchroom," Childhood Education, Association for Childhood Education, April, 1945.
Vitarelli, William V.-"People and Land," Progressive Educatiorn, February, 1945.
Downs, Katie-Material for bulletin in collaboration by N.E.A. Committee Rural Department, Need for Research in Rural Schools, 1946.
Sturgis, Ruth F.-"Soccer Bibliography, 1946-1947," Official Soccer-Speedball-Field Ball Guide, published for the National Section of Women's Athletics of the American Association for Health, Physical Education and Recreation, A. S. Barnes and Co., New York, 1946-47.
News Letter of the Georgia Association for Health, Physical Education and Recreation, December and May issues, 1945-46.
Cover design of GAHPER NEWS to be used on a future issue of the Journal of lfealth and Physical Education, 1946.
Campbell, Marie-Folks Do Get Born, Rinehart and Company, New York, 1946.
50

Roberts, L. E.-"The Question of Compulsory Military Service," Gen Pen, West Georgia College Press Forum, May, 1945.
"Basic Principles of United States Foreign Policy," Gen Pen, West Georgia College P~ess ForUI~, May, 1945.
"The Creation of Democratic Attitudes Through Social Studies," First Yearbook, Georgia Council for Social Studies, May, 1946.
"Georgia's First Teacher's Organization," Georgia Education Journal, February, 1946.
Folger, D. F.-"Community Planning Begins at the School," in the twenty-fourth yearbook of the NEA. Department of Elementary School Principals, 1945.
"We Venture in Teacher Education," Junior College Journal, May, 1945.
"Curriculum for Community Study," Educational Leadership, December, 1945.
ARTICLES ABOUT WEST GEORGIA COLLEGE
"Doorbell Democracy-Philip J. Dodge, Reader's Scope, November, 1945, pages 41-43.
Twenty-fourth yearbook of National Education Association's Department of Elementary School Principals: West Georgia College is mentioned in articles by Richard E. Jaggers, director of Kentucky's teacher education program, and in one by Jess Ogden, extension division of the University of Virginia.
MIDDLE GEORGIA COLLEGE
COCHRAN
FACULTY Most of the present faculty will be back for the 1946-47 year. Because of increased enrollment several new members will be added. These members will meet the requirements of the Southern Association of Colleges and Secondary Schools, and they are well prepared and highly recommended. Students leaving Middle Georgia College show that the faculty's work has been well done.
51

COMMUNITY SERVICES
Several members of the faculty have been called upon at times for speeches, song services, and demoJ;l.Stration projects at various cities in middle and south Georgia. Rotary, Lions, and Kiwanis clubs are continually requesting speakers.
The home economics department has had many demonstrations for the county and district. The county clubs have made use of the library and class rooms. The Cochran Rotary Club meets in the dining room each Tuesday with the students. The band and the glee club have entertained at banquets, clubs, and other occasions and have contributed much to church music in this vicinity. For the convenience of these organizations, the college has a large bus, purchased by the athletic teams.
BUILDINGS
No new building has been added during the year. The college received $15,000.00 for the construction of a much needed auto mechanics and general shop and $2,000.00 for equipment. The college has had reserved in bonds for several years $30,000.00 for the building of an infirmary. The Board of Regents granted a request to sell these bonds and build instead a four apartment teachers' home. The plans for these two buildings are being drawn, and every effort will be made to complete them as early as possible.
The federal government granted a request for thirty-six emergency housing units for veterans, and the Board of Regents authorized the making of a contract. Eighteen units are about ready to be placed on the ground. The foreman has already arrived and is assembling materials.
SURPLUS AND EXCESS PROPERTY
The college has secured an appreciable amount of much needed surplus and excess property. It was not an easy job because purchases could be made only when funds were available. Certain types of donable property cost nothing but freight and handling charges.
52

SOUTH GEORGIA COLLEGE
DOUGLAS
COMMUNITY SERVICES
The facilities of the college have been made available to the Boy Scouts on several occasions throughout the year. In January the college was host to the annual meeting of the Okefenokee Area Council of the Boy Scouts of America at which time more than 150 were present. The local troups have used the facilities of the college for various types of recreational programs. The college entertained 4-H Club boys and girls from forty southeastern counties for three days in July, 1945.
CONSTRUCTION
The home economics department has been completely renovated, and much new equipment has been added to the facilities of the department. A recording machine and several audio-visual aids have been placed at the disposal of the language department.
New furniture, including a radio and record player, ping pong tables, lamps, pictures, reading tables, and draperies, has been placed in the lobbies of Davis and Fraser Halls.
LIBRARY
The number of books in the library at the close of the fiscal year 1945 was 7,000. To this number have been added 1,037. This addition of books has greatly increased the effectiveness of the library.
HOUSING
The Federal Housing Authority has made available to the college the use of nineteen buildings erected by the Reconstruction Finance Corporation for the training of aviation cadets at the South Georgia College airport. Most of these buildings are of concrete and stucco construction and are of a permanent nature. With an expenditure of from three to five thousand dollars on these buildings they can be divided into individual rooms and into small apartments, thereby making it possible to accommodate an additional 200 students.
53

ABRAHAM BALDWIN AGRICULTURAL
TIFTON

SUMMER QUARTER ENROLLMENT

The summer quarter enrollment is on the increase. The total enrollment in June, 1946, is 166 as contrasted with seventy-one in June, 1945, and sixty-one in June, 1944. It was hoped that summer school might be discontinued, but the veteran demand is for consecutive quarters. Young men facing selective service also wish to attend four quarters each year. For these reasons, it seems wise to continue the summer quarter.

OTHER ENROLLMENTS

During the year many groups meet on the campus, either in

short courses or conventions. Through cooperation with the Georgia

Coastal Plain Experiment Station, all professional agricultural groups

working in south Georgia meet for intensive courses in the latest

findings of the station. These groups include county agents, voca-

tional agriculture teachers, Farm Security supervisors, Soil Conserva-

tion supervisors, and Agricultural Adjustment Administration super-

visors. Four-H Clubs and Future Farmers and Future Homemakers

Clubs on the district level maintain their conference headquarters at

the college.



TEACH:ING
The faculty is being increased as well as the student body. Two of our regular faculty have returned from service in the armed forces. Specialists from the Georgia Coastal Plain Experiment Station are used as part-time instructors. These men, because of their first hand knowledge, stimulate learning on the part of the students and are doing an excellent teaching job. The faculty has served well during a trying period, and it is to be congratulated for its loyalty and untiring efforts in making this a successful year.
FOOD PRESERVATION
For the fifth year the college, a pioneer in frozen food preservation, has been practically self-sufficing in so far as staple foods are concerned. Products of the college and station are either canned or frozen. Our present inventory of food products amounts to at least
54

$10,000.00 and consists of beef, pork, poultry, fruits, and vegetables. This supplies to a large extent the demands of the dining hall. Canned goods are also sh!pped to. s~me of the other units of the university system.

ALBANY STATE COLLEGE
ALBANY

CURRICULUM

The curriculum of the Albany State College may be divided into

the following divisions: arts and crafts, commercial education, edu-

cation, English, home economics, mathematics, health and physical

education, science, and adult education.

.

'

ACCREDITATION

The Albany State College is accredited as a four-year Class B institution by the Southern Association of Colleges and Secondary Schools and is approved by the Veterans Administration for the training of veterans under Public Laws 346 and 16. During the year the college was admitted to membership in the American Council on Education. It should be pointed out also that members of the faculty have been placed on a number of professional committees w!ith national scope.

FACULTY

The college has approximately forty persons on its staff, and these people have worked well together, exhibiting fine qualities of cooperation and good will. Much of the progress which has been attained during the year can be traced to the willingness on the part of the personnel to work hard for an outstanding institutional program. Eight additional instructors will be added to the staff during the coming year. The new salary schedule recently adopted by the Board of Regents will attract better prepared personnel and at the same time will improve the morale of those already serving on the staff.
During the year two instructors were away for further study, and they have completed all residence requirements for the doctorate. Seven members of the staff are studying this summer for higher degrees, and three will be away next year.

55

COMMUNITY SERVICE
Since the Albany State College has listed as one of its three major objectives "to provi9e eduqti,Qnal assistance to adults in terms of their needs and interests," it has been found that one of the most successful techniques for accomplishing this objective has been the adult school. This school is conducted on a voluntary basis as far as the faculty members are concerned and is held on Tuesday and Thursday evenings of every week from seven to nine o'clock. Persons enrolled in these courses select the work that will help them meet their everyday needs. They are not charged tuition, but they are responsible for purchasing whatever materials are needed to carry out their course work. These people receive no academic credit, but they do receive a certificate of attendance. Investigation shows that this has been very helpful to the people who have attended the adult school.
The Albany State College has also served the community through contact with the churches and clubs. Many of the top offices in these churches and clubs are held by personnel of the college, and the staff is rendering outstanding service to the community in that way. During the year a large percentage of the faculty has been invited to serve as consultants in teacher study groups over the state. This has been done at no expense to the college since the persons extending the invitations pay the travel expenses involved. During the commencement season, approximately twenty-five of the best high schools of the state invited speakers from the Albany State College.
During the year a number of meetings and institutes were held on the campus. These have included the 4-H Club meetings, Boy Scout meetings, farmers' meetings, extension agents' meetings, agricultural teachers' meetings, and home economics teachers' meetings. In fact, most of these organizations in this section have accepted the Albany State College as their home, and the members attend in large numbers. An effort is made to give them something definite and helpful when they attend.
On April 12, 13, and 14, the Georgia Teachers and Educational Association met on the campus of the Albany State College. This is the professional organization of the 7,000 Negro teachers of the state, and at this annual meeting more than 2,000 persons we're in attendance. As an indication of the fine relationship existing between the college and the community, all the committees which had the responsibility for taking care of this large number of delegates had on their roster members from the community. For example, the chairman of
56

the housing committee was the pastor of a local church. Through its community service organization, the college was able to house and feed all of these people during the annual meeting of the G.T.E.A. The registrar of the college was ~lected premdent of the association.
LIBRARY
A relatively large percentage of the educational and general funds has been expended in the library because the institution is desirous of building an outstanding collection in the fields of its program. The library is administered by twp well-trained persons. The head librarian is a graduate of Hunter College and received her second degree, a degree in library science, at Atlanta University. Her assistant is a graduate of LeMoyne College of Memphis, Tennessee, and received his library degree at Hampton Institute in Virginia. The college has been complimented by survey committees and consultants for the rapid advance being made in its library. Reports of the librarian show that the library is being used to its capacity on the part of both faculty members and students. The library hours have been lengthened due to the demand made on the staff by the student body. Books and other materials are being cared for and handled in the proper manner. It is believed that within the next two or three years the library at this institution will be second to none in the state insofar as elementary education is concerned.
FORT VALLEY STATE COLLEGE
FORT VALLEY
RESEARCH ACHIEVEMENTS
During the 1945-46 school year, the outstanding research achievement of an institutional nature at the Fort Valley State College has been the continued study and revision of a manual and guide for measuring the objectives of the college.
The manual and guide is an experimental device for measuring all of the experiences of the students at the college. both in and out of class, in order to discern the extent to which the students achieve the objectives of the college.
The manual and guide is a 57-page booklet, containing many charts, so prepared as to permit a detailed tabulation of the quarterly
57

progress made by the students in meeting the objectives of the college.
For six years, 1939-1945, the faculty members, students, and a specially appointed faculty cotnlflittee worked on the manual and perfected it to a degree that made it suitable to be put in printed form, and in the spring of 1945 it was issued as a printed booklet.
During 1945-46 further research work was conducted upon the manual, for the purpose of refining, revising, and improving it generally. This work has produced a more effective device. The revised edition of the manual and guide is expected from the press during the summer. Other research work is in progress. The results of the first portion of the work will probably be published during the fall of 1946.
COMMUNITY SERVICES PERFORMED AND SHORT
COURSES HELD
Many and varied are the community services performed by the faculty and students of the college. The following are some of the most significant services rendered:
1. Ten study groups with rural teachers were conducted, eight with Peach County teachers and one each with Houston and Pulaski County teachers.
2. An immunization program at twelve schools was supervised; 684 rural children and 748 city children participated.
3. One short course for supervising teachers of home economics was sponsored by the home economics department. Eight persons from southwest Georgia comprised the study group.
4. Two refresher courses were conducted during the spring quarter for veteran farmers.
5. Two conferences of two days each were conducted for inservice teachers of vocational agriculture and home economics.
6. A one-week institute for rural ministers was held.
7. A one-week institute for rural missionary women met on the campus.
8. A recreation leadership training institute was supervised.
9. A veterans counselling clinic was held on the campus of the Fort Valley State College.
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SPECIAL FEATURES
I. Annual Ham and Egg Show
The Annual Ham and Egg. Show heTd at the college March 7-10 was the largest in the history of this great event. More than 1,000 pieces of meat and hundreds of dozens of eggs were displayed. A highlight of the show was the radio tribute to the late Mr. W. T. Anderson, a friend and ardent supporter of the show and former editor of the Macon Telegraph. The principal address for this occasion was delivered by Dr. Horace Mann Bond, former president of the Fort Valley State College.
II. The Fort Valley folk festival
This event was held in connection with the Ham and Egg Show and attracted a large number of folk musicians of all types.
III. Practical arts institute and festival
This festival attended by approximately fifty high school girls and twenty-five teachers from various sections of the state was held April 24 through 26. The utilization of natural resources in shellcraft, rug hooking, metalcraft, pottery, and belt making was emphasized.
IV. Radio broadcasts
The Fort Valley State College choir, under the direction of J. Walker Freeman, presented a weekly broadcast over radio station WMAZ. Macon, Georgia. Besides providing a rich experience for the participants, these broadcasts have a high cultural value and serve as a very effective advertising medium for the college.
GEORGIA STATE COLLEGE
SAVANNAH
The Georgia State College is the land-grant college for Negroes of the State of Georgia. This institution is headquarters for the extension and vocational work carried on under both the Smith-Lever and Smith-Hughes Acts. The college provides curricula in the trades and industries, agriculture, home economics, business education, and for rural teachers of elementary and secondary schools.
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AGRICULTURE
It is the purpose of this department to emphasize strongly the practical training of men _and wo.m_e.n for leadership in soil conservation, dairy farming, poultry raising, floriculture and landscape gardening, and beef cattle production, training which will prepare them as farm and home demonstration agents.
The dairy herd has been gradually expanded and improved until it is now a herd of pedigreed Guernsey cattle. These cows furnish a much needed supply of milk to the students.
The beef cattle provide ample beef specimens for class study. These animals are all registered.
For courses in poultry, a flock of high grade chickens is provided for teaching and for laboratory work. Plans are made to expand this phase of the work so as to provide for the immediate needs of the institution and, at the same time, have an ample supply of eggs and poultry for teaching poultry raising and marketing.
All of the students, most of whom teach, should be familiar with the business of farming, the business in which most of the Negroes of Georgia are engaged.
THE TRADES PROGRAM
On June 30, 1945, the War Production Training Program in trades was discontinued. This program was supported almost entirely by the federal government. With the return of thousands of veterans seeking special training in trades and industries, the college was literally swamped with applications in this department of the general program.
Fortunately, a large building from the N.Y.A. group of buildings at Blythe Island, near Brunswick, was already on the campus. The building has now been made ready for the equipment on hand from various sources of supply. This equipment for teaching trades and industries has now been set up on a concrete base in the new shop. When completely installed, this institution will have one of the best technical teaching group of shops in the South.
There is still urgent need for space to teach masonry, shoe repair. radio repair, and sheet metal work. It would be a progressive and forward step if one or more of the old N.Y.A. buildings now located at the old fair grounds in Savannah could be transferred to the college for the use of trades and mechanical industries.
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For the first time a four-year course in mechanical education is offered this year. The completion of this course will entitle students to teach in the high schools of Georgia.
The whole mechanical trades program at the college has been reorganized. W. B. Nelson, an experienced teacher who holds his mater's degree in technical education from the University of Iowa, has been placed in charge as director. His job is to work cooperatively with all other divisions of the college in developing the strongest possible trade and technical school at Georgia State College.
OFF CAMPUS SUMMER SCHOOL
Fifteen years ago the Georgia State College, following the suggestion of the late A. Pratt Adams, at that time chairman of the Board of Trustees, established two "off campus" summer schools for teachers of Negro farm children. These schools were established at Log Cabin Center in Hancock County and at Louisville in Jefferson County. The school at Louisville was discontinued after a few years, but the school at Log Cabin Center has continued its progress as a center of information and inspiration to rural people in all middle Georgia. For ten weeks each summer, approximately 150 teachers are assembled at this school. They learn how to apply in a realistic way the information that comes to them from the field. This school has received national recognition on the part of educational authorities.
It is the hope of the college that it will be possible in the near future to expand and extend the services of this center to the end that study opportunities will be m'ade available through the whole calendar year. Certainly Negro farm people suffer for lack of tangible down-to-earth leadership that will guick them into a more satisfying farm life. Georgia State College pioneered in this "off campus" school. Other colleges in Georgia and other sections of the country are following this leadership.
SOIL CONSERVATION IN GEORGIA
It is admitted by thinking people that Georgia can go no higher or further than its soil will let it go. Good soil is basic and fundamental to prosperity.
On August 10, 1945, at Log Cabin Center, under the sponsorship of the Georgia State College, the first meeting of colored farmers was held. This was the termination of a prize contest carried on among Negro farmers in the Piedmont district which includes Baldwin,
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Hancock, Putnam, Greene, Morgan, and Taliaferro counties. Through the good offices of the Association For The Advancement of Negro Country Life, two hundred and fifty dollars was made available for these prize awards.

The district, state, and southern regional office were all repre-

sented in this epochal meeting. At the close of the meeting, it was

suggested that this program of soil building be made regional in 1946

and state-wide in 1947.

'

On August 12, 1946, over one thousand dollars in prizes will be awarded to outstanding Negro farmers from fifty-seven middle Georgia counties. Dr. H. H. Bennet, chief of the U. S. Soil Conservation Service, Washington, D. C., will be the speaker for the occasion.

It is believed that this campaign to educate Negro farmers to a full appreciation of the true meaning and significance of good, fertile soil is a long step in the right direction. In this new approach to the improvement of Georgia soils, there is complete coordination of effort between the U. S. Soil Conservation Service, the Georgia Agricultural Extension Service, the Association for the Advancement of Negro Country Life, and the Georgia State College.

GEORGIA EXPERIMENT STATION
EXPERIMENT
The Georgia Experiment Station has continued to expand its efforts in behalf of agriculture and better living. During the year seven men have returned from military service and resumed their places on the staff. They are working with renewed zeal so characteristic of those who rendered such good services for the nation during the war. In addition, one other member was added to the staff in the general program of expansion and better service. Only two staff members were lost by resignation during the year.
Results of research and services of the institution have been sought by the people of the state, as well as by those outside, in constantly increasing numbers. These requests have been met, so far as feasible, through staff members attending many meetings and conferences over the state, by holding short courses, writing letters, making radio talks, and issuing various publications, such as news-
62

paper and magazine articles, press bulletins. regular bulletins, annual reports, and moving pictures of the work in progress.
Field days. such as the Sheep Breeders Association, Agronomists' Field Day. Dairymen's Field Day, AAA-Field Day. two-day short course for FSA. County Agents' Poultry Conference. Georgia Entomological Society, Horticultural Society. Food Processing Conference, field day for the Atlanta Farmers Club, and a field day for Washington Seminary, brought more than 650 people to the experiment station to make intensive studies of subjects of special interest.
In addition there were fourteen field days held for visiting farmers who were interested in gaining new ideas to put into use on their own farms.
By arrangements through the regents' office, plans were completed for locating six trailers to be occupied by ex-service men either working or taking training on a cooperative basis at the Georgia Experiment Station. A much needed horticultural laboratory and office building was planned, and construction was started near the close of the fiscal year. This building will greatly relieve the crowded conditions of the workers.
Plans are being developed with the Tennessee Valley Authority and the State Engineering Experiment Station for the installation of an experimental wood shop to be located at the Georgia Mountain Experiment Station at Blairsville, looking to a better use of various species of timber not suitable for sawmill purposes.
THE GEORGIA CROP IMPROVEMENT ASSOCIATION
The Georgia Crop Improvement Association, which has the cooperation of practically all agricultural agencies of the state, has continued to develop plans for increasing and certifying better crop seeds for the state. The George Experiment Station will assist in this program by increasing and maintaining the purity of a number of crop varieties originated by the station. By this means it is hoped that as a new crop variety is developed, it can be increased and gotten into the hands of the growers much more quickly by the full support and cooperation of the various agencies and farmers who make up the Georgia Crop Improvement Association.
EMPIRE COTTON
Production of Empire cotton has expanded rapidly during the
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past three years, and the variety is now being grown commercially in at least nine states. In 1943 the total acreage of Empire was only about 400 acres; in 1946 it is estimated that more than 75,000 acres of this variety ha.ve been. planted in Georgia and other states. If seed is saved for planting purposes from only half of this acreage, sufficient seed will be produced to plant about 500,000 acres of Empire in 1947.
The seed breeding program developed by the Georgia Experiment Station will produce an annual supply of about 500 tons of breeder seed. Three one-variety Empire communities have been organized in Georgia, and these communities will provide an additional annual supply of from 100 to 1500 tons of breeder seed of Empire. It is estimated that this amount of planting seed will have a gross value of approximately $250,000. Owing to the rapidly increasing popularity of Empire in western states, it is expected that a iarlo"{e market for Empire seed may be developed which will bring a considerable annual income to Georgia farmers.
The earliness of Empire is an important factor, especially along the northern limits of cotton production where early frosts may damage later varieties. In 1945 Empire produced much higher yields than Stoneville 2B at a number of northern locations in several states. In Gordon County, Georgia, Empire produced 198 pounds more lint per acre than Stoneville. At Knoxville, Tennessee, Empire produced 194 pounds more lint per acre than Stoneville. At points in Arkansas and Missouri, Empire yielded eighty to 116 pounds more lint than Stoneville. In the Panhandle section of west Texas, growers reported that Empire produced about fifty per cent more lint than local varieties.
Wilt resistant strains of Empire were found in 1944, and breeding work was concentrated on these lines in 1945 and 1946. Beginning in 1947 all seed produced by the Georgia Experiment Station will be wilt resistant, thus increasing the usefulness of Empire cotton by adapting it for production under wilt conditions.
HYBRID CORN
Dr. L. J. Stadler, a well known corn geneticist, testifying before a subcommittee of the Committee on Military Affairs of the U. S. Senate on the subject of Science Legislation, said in part:
"A conservative estimate of the increase in national corn production during the four years of 1942-45, due to the partial use of
64

hybrid corn, is 1,800 million bushels. The money value of this

increase on basis of farm price per bushel is more than 2 billion

dollars.

.,.,.

...

"It is therefore, no exaggeration to say, speaking in terms of the

overall national economy, that the dividend on our research invest-

ment in hybrid corn, during the war years alone, was enough to pay

the money cost of the development of the atomic bomb." (Science,

May 3, 1946)

This statement is a challenge to the South. While in several corn-belt states practically all the corn acreage is planted to hybrid seed, in the South only a small proportion of the corn acreage is planted to hybrid seed. In Georgia, hybrid corn is planted in only two per cent of the total corn acreage.

Recently, however, hybrid corn projects have been initiated in some of the Southern stations. At the Georgia Experiment Station the hybrid corn project is only two years old, yet considerable progress has been made, and the development of high yielding hybrid corn well adapted to Georgia is certain in the near future.

Notable in our progress of the development of hybrid corn is the isolation of over 1,000 new inbred lines, and the acquisition of over 100 old lines of both yellow and white corn.

In the process of the isolation of inbred lines from our nad.ve well-adapted varieties, over 20,000 hand-pollinations were made during the last two growing seasons. Further inbreeding will be required before some of these lines can be utilized in crosses.

Through the cooperation between the directors of some of the Southeastern experiment stations and the U. S. Department of Agriculture, we assembled and tested for adaptability to Georgia conditions over 100 well-established inbred lines. All of these lines at the present time are the best in their respective environment, and some of them proved in our trials to be well adapted to Georgia. Numerous crosses were made between some of these lines, and several hybrids were found to be outstanding in yield as well as in resistance to diseases, insect injuries, and lodging. It is expected that one or two hybrids will be selected this year, and the production of hybrid corn for Georgia will be on the way in 1947-1 Q48. It is reasonable to expect, on the basis of our trials, that these hybrids will outyield the best adapted varities by fifteen to twenty-five per cent.

Though the average yield of corn is low in Georgia, many

65

farmers produce thirty to forty or more bushels of corn per acre. Increases of yield up to twenty-five per cent on such farms will add materially to farmers' incomes.
PEANUT PLANTER
The Georgia Experiment Station has carried on an intensive program of peanut research for several years. Field and laboratory tests have shown that if good seed treated against disease are used, spaced only three inches apart in the drill in narrow rows, and the plants are dusted to prevent leaf diseases, the yield of peanuts will practically double the yield expected when usual methods of growing are followed.
In former years it was difficult to get a machine that would plant peanuts thick enough in the drill and at a speed sufficient to justify its use by the farmer. Through the cooperation of the State Engineering Experiment Station at the Georgia School of Technology and the National Peanut Council, a planter has been designed and built which will plant peanuts at any desired space and which, when drawn by a tractor, can be operated at a speed of more than nine miles per hour.
COTTON BAGS FOR PEANUTS
Protecting shelled peanuts against insects is a difficult problem. Brief studies to date indicate that a good grade of cotton bags gives much better protection than the ordinary jute bags commonly used. For example, ten two-pound bags-five of jute and five of heavy 60 x 104 threads to the inch cotton-were filled with clean, uninfested shelled peanuts and stored in an ordinary barn for a period of eight weeks. When the bags were opened an average of 143 insects were found in the peanuts stored in jute bags, while only thirteen were found in the peanuts stored in cotton bags. The few found in the cotton bags gained entrance through small openings caused by poor sewing and tying of the bags. Insects had no difficulty in passing through any part of the jute bags. This work will be continued with good prospects of giving stored peanuts much better protection and of greatly increasing the use of cotton.
PEANUT BUTTER
One of the handicaps of the peanut butter industry is caused by oil separation from the butter while on grocers' shelves. A promising
66

stabilizer which prevents this separation and adds practically nothing to the cost of peanut butter has been developed in the chemical laboratory of the Georgia Experiment Station in cooperation with the National Peanut Council. The use ot""this stabilizer should eliminate unsightly and undesirable peanut butter from grocers' shelves and be of untold value to the peanut industry as a whole.
PIMENTO PEPPER BREEDING
The production of pimento peppers is reduced greatly by attacks of leaf diseases. Plants have been developed during the past two years which show considerable resistance to these diseases. As soon as fruit characteristics of these resistant types are improved, they will be released to the growers.
BERRIES
In view of the widespread interest in dewberries and blackberries by people having access to freezer locker plants, the station has initiated a varietal testing and breeding program with these fruits. During 1946, the second growing season, very good yields of these berries were obtained. Yields for the best dewberry and blackberry varieties expressed in tons per acre were: Youngberry. 3.41 ; Cameron, 3.10; Rossberry. 2.87; Boysenberry. 2.39; Haupt. 5.90; Crandall's Early. 4.24; and Dewblack. 3.54.
Some new selections of these berries promise to be superior to the above named varieties.
FREEZING FRUITS
A formula for using citric and ascorbic acids for preventing frozen peaches from browning was worked out by the Georgia Experiment Station. The method is being used by five commercial freezing plants in Georgia for processing approximately twenty million pounds of frozen peaches in 1946.
This and other methods of preserving peaches, muscadine grapes. plums, and berries have attracted visitors from more than a dozen states and from Ireland, China, and Canada.
ICING VEGETABLES
The horne economics department has been working in cooperation with the Georgia Ice Manufacturers Association on the effect of
67

tcmg on the retention of quality and nutritive value in vegetables. This problem is of importance to the farmer, wholesaler, and retailer to whom large economic _losses mar, be caused by deterioration of produce to an unsalable condition or by lowering of quality. Vegetables which are shipped or stored often lose a considerable amount of their vitamin content and give poor returns in nutritive value to the consumer. These experiments have shown that both quality and vitamin content are maintained in asparagus, turnip greens, snap beans, and lima beans by heavy icing.
TEMPORARY GRAZING PAYS OFF
A small grain pasture test for temporary grazing was carried on at the Georgia Experiment Station with dairy cattle in the spring of 1946. The test consisted of fertilized and unfertilized grain pastures. The fertilized pasture received 400 pounds of commercial fertilizer at the time of seeding and 200 pounds of nitrate of soda on March 1. The cattle were grazed on each pasture sixty days. The fertilized pasture produced 217.64 more gallons of milk per acre than did the unfertilized pasture, which means in dollars and cents $87.20 more per acre. In addition, the cattle were in better condition when they were taken off the fertilized pasture than at the beginning of the test. Analyses of the milk for vitamins A and C and butterfat will be made.
PRODUCING MANUFACTURING GRADES OF MILK AS A SUPPLEMENTARY ENTERPRISE ON COTTON FARMS
A recent study of the production of milk for manufacturing uses on farms in Oconee County shows that by adding an average of ' about three cows per farm these farmers were increasing their annual incomes by approximately $300 above what they would have earned had they not been milking these cows. This type of dairy production has been developed on these farms mainly as a supplementary enterprise, that is, as an enterprise which fits into the farming business without serious conflict with the customary use of a farmer's productive resources. These cows have been added without conflicting with cotton, without requiring that the farmers purchase or rent more land, and with very little additional buildings and equipment. The price received for milk averaged 72.2 cents per pound of butterfat, but even with butterfat selling for as low as 55 cents these farmers would have had a higher income with this small dairy enterprise than without it.
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This type of dairying appears equally as well adapted to small as to large farms, and it can make an important contribution to the farming business of many farms in this area when carried on mainly with family labor and witn land ~ma buildings which otherwise would not be as fully utilized.
Any appreciable increase in the size of the dairy enterprise on these farms would very likely require land and labor that are now .being used to produce cotton. Conducted on this large scale, that is, as an enterprise competitive with rather than supplementary to cotton, the price for this milk would need to be considerably higher than it now is for its productions to com'pare favorably with cotton.
GEORGIA COASTAL PLAIN EXPERIMENT STATION
TIFTON
GENERAL
The Georgia Coastal Plain Experiment Station carries on agricultural research applicable to three-fifths of the farming area of Georgia. The farmers' of this area make up slightly over one-half of the state's farming population and produce over sixty per cent of Georgia's agricultural income. Not only does this area produce all farm commodities common to the state, but also its enterprises--tobacco, vegetable plants for shipment, naval stores, and sugar cane-are strictly coastal plain enterprises. A greater part of the livestock, truck crops, and pecans are produced in this area.
AGRONOMY
COTTON
Through its fertilizer tests the station has shown the coastal plain area to be strikingly deficient in plant nutrients. Cotton fertilizers have had their potash content increased from two or three per cent to six or nine per cent. Furthermore, ten or twelve per cent fertilizers are proving profitable.
The station has developed a superior variety of cotton known as Pandora which will be ready for general distribution in the next two years. This variety is a high-yielding wilt-resistant variety of good staple length and should find a definite place in the coastal plain.
69

PEANUTS
Peanuts now rank second to cotton as a source of farm income for the state. In the coastal plain area i'leanuts provide the greatest crop income. The station, in cooperation with the Georgia Experiment Station, conducts breeding experiments and disease control experiments. Some new, outstanding varieties are being developed. One of the notable results of these cooperative tests is the work being done to control leaf spot on peanuts by dusting with sulphur. Farmers have recognized the value of this practice and commercial concerns are now contracting to dust by plane. Dusting may be done with any dusting machine, and increases of twenty-five per cent in yield of nuts and fifty per cent increase in yield of hay are not uncommon.
TOBACCO
Recommendations of the station are followed almost in their entirety by tobacco farmers of the belt. The station is establishing rotations and fertilizer treatments for the control of root-knot nematode in tobacco. The most successful rotation developed to date is a three-year rotation of tobacco, peanuts, and oats.
Should the recommended treatments for blue mold on tobacco beds be followed by tobacco farmers, there would never be a scarcity of tobacco plants due to blue mold. The station, even on old beds, has never failed to have a surplus of plants in the last fifteen years.
Research is also conducted with shade tobacco at the sub-station near Attapulgus in Decatur County. This sub-station carries on more research with shade tobacco nutrition than any other experiment station in the South.
CORN
Variety and fertilizer tests are conducted on corn. One of the most pertinent experiments conducted with corn fertilizers is the use of large amounts of nitrogen at the time of planting. This factor seems to enable corn to stand drought better and brings an increased yield.
An intensive breeding program is being conducted in order to develop an outstanding hybrid corn for south Georgia. What has been termed one of t.he most significant developments in Georgia agriculture is the cooperation work being carried out by the Georgia Coastal Plain Experiment Station and Greenwood Plantation of
70

Thomasville, Georgia. On this plantation under the direction of Mr. Ed. Komarek, agricultural advisor, ninety acres of Florida WI seed are being produced. As soon as hybrids more promtsmg than Florida WI are developed, 'ibis plclntation will assist in their propagation.

GRASSES
The work with grasses has been outstanding. The most notable developments in this field are Coastal Bermuda, Tift Sudan, and Bahia grass. In 1944 over 1.000 farmers were supplied with Coastal Bermuda stock. This year the demand was so great that the station was instrumental in having private sources certified so that now certified Coastal Bermuda can be purchased. This year one source sold over 1.000,000 stolons. This should provide adequate nurseries for 1.000 farmers.

PASTURES
A permanent cattle industry in the coastal plain must be based on pastures. The pasture work at the station is very comprehensive in that different grasses and various mixtures of grasses and clovers are tested on a large scale. Pastures of six acres each are established in order to conduct the tests.

KUDZU AND VELVET BEANS

Although work has been carried on with kudzu and velvet beans

for a number of years, special emphasis is now being given this work.

Velvet beans possibly cover more acreage than any other summer

legume grown in Georgia. It is excellent as a soil improvement crop,

and the beans make a good winter feed for cattle. The station is

trying to develop a higher-yielding bean and at the same time develop

a variety resistant to the velvet bean caterpillar.



ANIMAL HUSBANDRY
BEEF CATTLE
The station maintains two pure-bred herds: the Aberdeen Angus herd and the Hereford herd. Grade herds are also maintained for experimental purposes. With the various herds, feeding and breeding tests are carried on.
Of the feeding tests, one of the most interesting is the test to determine the most efficient amounts of sweet potato meal to feed in

71

combination with other feeds. Sweet potatoes, with their high yields per acre, should prove an economical feed for the cattle growers of the South.
In the breeding work, purebred sires are tested by keeping records on efficiency of gain of their offspring. Young bulls are bred to grade cows. Should their offspring show unusual efficiency in converting feed to pounds of beef, the bulls are transferred to the purebred herd. In this way it is hoped to develop a highly efficient line of beef cattle.
The station also conducts experiments to determine the best utilization of the forest range. Supplemental feeding of range cattle during the winter has proved to be a profitable practice.
ANIMAL DISEASES
A new department of animal diseases began operation this year. Diagnostic work and research work is being carried on with animals in an effort to reduce the losses occurring in Georgia livestock each year. This department is carried on in cooperation with Emory University and the Baker County Laboratory. Two veterinarians are employed, one being a pathologist and the other a bacteriologist. Veterinarians over the coastal plain area use these men in a diagnostic capacity. At the same time the department is conducting research on several diseases causing losses in livestock.
BEE CULTURE
The Department of Bee Culture has expanded to some sixty colonies. In the laboratory, research is being conducted on diseases. This is the only bee culture laboratory south of Maryland and west of Louisiana. It is one of the few state-supported departments in the nation. Georgia is not only a honey producing state, but it is also the largest shipper of packaged bees in the United States. This department was established because of the interest of the Georgia Beekeepers Association.
ENGINEERING
A full time research man in engineering bas been added this year. This department is of great service to other departments. Work is being done toward improving existing machinery, in the field of irrigation, in the curing of peanuts and peanut hay, in the curing of sweet potatoes, and in other problems.
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ENTOMOLOGY
The station is now paying two~thirds of the salary of an ento~ mologist. The U. S. Department of Agriculture pays one~third. The entomologist works one~third time on the control of cotton insects. The remainder of his time is spent in working with other insects such as the velvet bean caterpillar, the cutworms, the pickle worm, the mole cricket, and others.
HORTICULTURE
VEGETABLES
Research is carried on with all vegetables produced in south Geor~ gia. Variety and fertilizer tests are conducted on these vegetables.
TOMATO PLANT DISEASES
Millions of tomato plants are shipped from this area each year. The station, in cooperation with the Bureau of Plant Industry, Soils, and Agricultural Engineering, maintains research in growing, disease control, and shipping methods, which means much to the plant grow~ ers of this section.
SWEET POTATOES
Sweet potato work has been carried on for a number of years. The seed~piece method of planting sweet potatoes for stock feed is producing quite a bit of attention because of labor saved over the ordinary procedure. As a result of a study of fertilizer requirements of this crop, the potash content of sweet potato fertilizer has been increased from two or three per cent to six or eight per cent.
BLUEBERRIES
For some twenty years the station has been growing blueberries. During the past two years the station has been carrying on an inten~ sive program of propagation and breeding. The station has the widest selection of known varieties in the South. During the past year some 2,000 plants were distributed, and during the winter of 1946~47 ap~ proximately 15,000 plants will be made available to growers over the state. Several selections have been made which look very prom~ ising. Seedlings are being planted at Alapaha, and from these plant~ ings selections are made.
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MISCELLANEOUS FRUITS
Out of an elaborate collection of miscellaneous fruit vanet1es, two new fruits-Baldw~11 pear an~ Farley pecan-have been found to be outstanding and are gaining in popular favor as a result of station tests and attendant publicity. These varieties hold promise of being valuable assets to Georgia horticulture.
Additional work also is being carried on with pecans, satsumas, and other fruits and nuts. while special attention is being given to the propagation and culture of pears and figs. It is hoped to secure in greater quantities the good edible Baldwin pear through propagation and to grow figs on a commercial scale in the field by controlling the root-knot nematode.
NEMATOLOGY The work in the Department of Nematology is conducted with fruits, vegetables, and crops. A rotation of crotalaria and oats has proved to be highly satisfactory in the elimination of the root-knot nematode from gardens and home orchards.
SOILS The Department of Soils has been established during the year. This department will be of service to other departments in taking into consideration the variation of soil during a series of tests. A laboratory has been established and equipment purchased.
DISSEMINATION OF INFORMATION Agricultural research in itself is of little value unless the results reach and benefit the farmer. This year thousands of farmers have visited the station due to the lifting of wartime bans on transportation. Professional workers of the coastal plain come in groups to study the latest findings. The demand for station literature is the heaviest in our history. During the year the twenty-fifth annual report has been prepared for publication and is now in the hands of the printer. It should be released in the near future. It promises to be a very valuable publication, since it contains pertinent results obtained during the twenty-five years of the station's existence. Other material published during the year was mimeographed: No. 41-How to Eliminate Mastitis from the Dairy Herd. No. 42-Dusting Tobacco Plant Beds for Blue Mold Control. No. 43-Controlling Weevils in Com. No. 44-Coal Stokers for Curing Flue-cured Tobacco. No. 45-Plant Poisoning of Cattle.
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GEORGIA AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION SERVICE
.. ATHENS
In addition to the regular program of educational work in the production and marketing of crops and livestock and improving farm family living, the more important activities of the extension service now under way may be summarized as follows:
FOOD PRODUCTION, CONSERVATION, AND USE PROGRAM
The extension service was designated by the United States De~ partment of Agriculture as the agency through which educational work of the emergency food program would be channeled in 1946. This assignment involved an intensive educational campaign in co~ operation with other agencies and organizations. Meetings were held at strategic points in the state with county workers of all agricultural agencies and county AAA committeemen attending. These district meetings were followed by county and community meetings in all counties at which the gravity of the food situation was presented to farm people, and an appeal made for all~out food production in 1946.
The official "Intentions to Plant" report released by the De~ partment of Agriculture indicates that the food and feed crop acreage this year will approximate the tremendous acreage planted to these crops during the war years.
EMERGENCY FARM LABOR PROGRAM
The extension service under public Law No. 45 (78th Congress) was again charged with the responsibility of recruiting and placing intrastate farm labor to assist farmers with the production and bar~ vesting of crops. This program is a cooperative activity under the supervision of extension service personnel. The extension service is soliciting the cooperation of all agencies, groups, and individuals in position to make a contribution in an effort to discharge fully its responsibility to farmers under this program.
The demand upon Georgia farmers for food and feed in 1946 is as great as it was in any of the war years. Difficulties to be over~ come in meeting this demand-shortages of labor, equipment, sup~
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plies, and the rising prices of-those things which farmers must buyare, if anything, more acute than during the war years. During the latter part of the war the critical farm labor situation was alleviated to some extent by using prisoner of war labor, made available by the War Department. This source of labor for work on farms has now been entirely withdrawn, and Georgia farmers must depend almost wholly upon their own resources for producing and harvesting this year's crop.
The following accomplishments in 1945 are indicative of the effectiveness of the emergency farm labor program:
a. A total of 301.603 volunteer workers were placed on Georgia farms to assist with farm work. Of this number 37.268 were men, 15.897 were women, and 21.566 were youths.
b. Not less than 16,265 individuals volunteered to assist Georgia farmers independent of the organized placement program but as the result of the educational program on farm labor.
c. Some 6,072 farm workers were recruited and referred to counties other than their counties of residence in the state.
d. An organized program for exchanging labor. machinery and equipment was conducted in 1.004 communities, and 36,355 farmers were given specific assistance in this way.
e. So far in 1946, 950 Bahamian laborers have been brought into the state and have headquarters at Tifton. Manchester. Griffin, Newnan, and Monticello. They are assisting with plant and peach harvests in these areas. A Negro 4-H Club camp has again been established at Zebulon to assist with the peach harvest in Pike County. Around 150 Negro 4-H Club boys are being maintained at this camp, and they are making a valuable contribution to the peach harvest in this area.
Present indications are that the emergency farm labor program is rendering as great or greater service to Georgia farmers this year as in any year since the program was authorized by Congress.
VETERANS' AGRICULTURAL ADVISORY ASSISTANCE PROGRAM
The average price of Georgia farmland in 1946 is ninety-one per cent above the price which prevailed during 1935 to 1939. This
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is just one indication of the necessity for and value of the veterans' agricultural advisory assistance program.

The

objective

of

this

program .,,

is

to '

,.s. atisfactorily

establish

in

agriculture those returning veterans who w1sh to farm and who have

a reasonable possibility of success in farming. A veterans' agricul~

tural advisory committee was organized in every county in the state

to assist these veterans in every way possible.

The membership of these committees is composed of leading farmers and farm~minded business men. These committees offer re~ turning veterans advice on prevailing types of farming, types of tenure, credit facilities and arrangements, land values, and any other information veterans may need in making their decisions.

HOME DEMONSTRATION WORK
The end of the war has brought Georgia families-both rural and urban-face to face with many new problems. The 46,000 farm women in Georgia who are members of community home dem~ onstration clubs are among the leaders in making the necessary ad~ justment. Home demonstration work is closely identified with the emergency food program, but it is also concerned With the permanent adjustments which must be made by Georgia people to meet postwar conditions. Food preservation, home improvement, nutrition, tex~ tiles and clothing, child care, and home industries are some of the home demonstration club projects being carried out by these farm women.
There is a definite increase in interest in home demonstration work as indicated by the increase in attendance at demonstrations and home demonstration club meetings. Not less than forty per cent of Georgia's farm families are represented each month in meet~ ings of home demonstration and 4~H clubs. These clubs furnish a medium through which extension workers can keep farm people advised of current developments. They are developing educational programs which are essential to a sound and prosperous home and community life.

4~H CLUB WORK
The enrollment in the 4~H Clubs in Georgia in 1945 was 97,084, one of the top enrollments for the nation. Present indications are that the enrollment this year will exceed 120,000. In addition to the training the 4~H Club boys and girls received, these young people

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have contributed much to the war effort and are now developing their program for the postwar period.
During the war, G~orgia 4:-Ii Club members either bought. or
sold about 35 million dollars worth of war bonds and produced over 27 million dollars worth of farm products (most of which was essential food) on their projects. They contributed 120,000 man days of labor on farms other than their own, and they collected some 17,000 tons of scrap iron, rubber, and paper.
Georgia 4-H Club members are leaders among the youth of the state today. They will be among the leaders in local, state, and national affairs in the years immediately ahead.
The 4-H Clubs throughout the United States and its possessions make up the largest rural youth organization in the world. One of the principal objectives of this organization is the development of the character, citizenship, and leadership of its members. There can be no doubt that this organization constitutes one of the most potent forces for the future development of this state and its citizenry.
SHORT COURSES
Rapid developments in agricultural and home economic technology made it advisable to hold periodically a series of short courses for extension service personnel. These training courses were designed to bring to extension workers up-to-date information for use in working with farm people.
The following is a list of short courses held for county extension workers and others during the early part of this year:
(a) Farm machinery training schools for 4-H Club leaders, held at Tifton and Athens.
(b) Poultry production and marketing schools at twelve points throughout the state.
(c) Short courses in housing at twelve points in the state.
(d) Egg marketing training courses at four points.
(e) One 4-H Club short course for county extension workers and 4-H Club advisers in each extension district.
(f) Bread making short courses at ten different places.
(g) Food preservation short courses lasting two days and held at six different places.
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(h) Home demonstration council meeting lasting a full week at Athens for the benefit of home demonstration agents and farm women.
In addition to the above short courses held by the extension service, extension workers contributed to the following training meetings conducted by other agencies or institutions:
(a) Eight 1946 production goal and conservation practice meetings held at different points in the state in cooperation with the Production and Marketing Administration and Soil Conservation Service.
(b) A soil conservation short course conducted by the College of Agriculture.
(c) A farm building short course conducted by the College of Agriculture.
(d) A freezer locker school conducted by the College of Agriculture.
INFORMATION SERVICES During the year extension service workers presented farm and home movies to 365,856 farm people. Two new natural color Georgia-made movies were released during the year, featuring Georgia farm people. Seven Georgia-made movies are now available from the state extension service office. Eighteen new farm and home bulletins were published during the year. and more than 800,000 copies of these and other bulletins available were distributed to farm families by county and home demonstration agents.
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