Annual report for 1944-1945 by regents of the University System of Georgia to his excellency honorable Ellis Arnall governor [June 30, 1945]

NNUAL REPORT
from the REGENTS of the
ERSITY SYSTEM OF GEORGIA
TO IDS EXCELLENCY
HONORABLE ELLIS ARNALL
Governor

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ANNUAL REPORT
FOR
1944-1948
BY
REGENTS OF THE
UNIVERSITY SYSTEM OF GEORGIA
TO HIS EXCELLENCY
HONORABLE ELLIS ARNALL
GOVERNOR JUNE 30, 1945
~~

REGENTS OF THE
UNIVERSITY SYSTEM OF GEORGIA
100 STATE CAPITOL, ATLANTA
oFFICE OF CHAIRMAN

Honorable Ellis Arnall Governor of Georgia Atlanta, Georgia

Dear Governor Arnall:
Pursuant to law the Board of Regents of the University System of Georgia, through the undersigned as chairman, submits to you an annual report.

REGENTS AND INSTITUTIONS
The following is a statement of the present Board of Regents, the members' home addresses and terms of office; the personnel of the various committees of the board and the officers of the board; the name, head, location, and type of each unit in the university system:

District

Regent

Address

State at Large-Marion Smith -------------------------- __________________Atlanta January 1. 1943-January 1. 1946

State at Large--Albert S. Hardy_____________________________________Gainesville February 26, 1945-January 1. 1951

State at Large-Frank M. Spratlin________________________________________Atlanta January 1. 1943-January 1. 1946

State at Large--Earl B. BraswelL_________________________________________Athens
January 1, '1943-January 1. 1949

State at Large-Pope F. Brock_________ ------------------- ______________Atlanta
January 1. 1943-January 1. 1948

First-James Peterson ----------------------------------------- . _____________Soperton May 9, 1945-January 1. 1948

3

Second-Edward R. Jerger___________________________________________Thomasville
January 1. 1943-January 1. 1947

Third-Cason J. Callaway------------------------------------------------Hamilto

January 1, 1943-January 1, 1950

11

Fourth-C. J. Smith-----------------------------------------------------------Newnan January 1, 1943-January 1, 1949

Fifth-Rutherford L. Ellis----------------------------------------------------Atlanta January 1. 1943-January 1. 1947

Sixth-Miller R. BelL--------------------------------------------------Milledgeville
January 1, 1943-January 1. 1950
Seventh-Roy N. Emmet, Sr.______________________________________ ---Cedartown January 1, 1945-January 1, 1952
Eighth-S. Price Gilbert__________________________________ -----------------Sea Island January 1, 1943-January 1, 1950

Ninth-Sandy Beaver -----------------------------------------------------Gainesville January 1, 1945-January 1, 1952

Tenth-William S. Morris-----------------------------------------------Augusta January 1, 1944-January 1, 1951

STANDING COMMITTEES OF THE BOARD OF REGENTs

EDUCATION
Sandy Beaver, chairman Pope F. Brock Rutherford L. Ellis S. Price Gilbert
ORGANIZATION AND LAW
S. Price Gilbert, chairman Pope F. Brock, vice-chairman James Peterson Marion Smith
VISITATION
Earl B. Braswell, chairman AlbertS. Hardy Edward R. Jerger

FINANCE
Miller R. Bell, chairman Roy N. Emmet Albert S. Hardy C. J. Smith Frank M. Spratlin
AGRICULTURE
Cason J. Callaway, chairman RoyN. Emmet Edward R. Jerger William S. Morris C. J. Smith

The chairman of the Board of Regents and the chancellor of the university system are ex-officio members of each committee.

4

OFFICERS OF THE REGENTS
Chairman ___________________________________Marion Smith Vice-Chairman ____________________________Sandy Beaver
s. Chancellor____________________________________ V. Sanford
Secretary______________________________________L. R. Siebert Treasurer_______________________________W. Wilson Noyes

UNITS IN THE SYSTEM
The system consists of the following institutions, coordinated in that part of the educational work of the state which is committed to the administration of the regents:

LoCATION
Athens Atlanta Atlanta Augusta
Miiiedgeville Statesboro Valdosta

Senior Institutions

INSTITUTION

Hl!lAD

University of Georgia_______________Harmon W. Caldwell, President

Georgia School of Technology_____Blake R. Van Leer, President Georgia Evening College________________George M. Sparks, Director

University of Georgia School of Medicine ..... ______________________G. Lombard Kelly, Dean

Georgia State College for Women________Guy H. Wells, President Georgia Teachers College____________Marvin S. Pittman, President Georgia State Womans CoHege________Frank R. Reade, President

Americus Atlanta Carrollton Cochran Dahlonega Douglas Tifton

Junior Institutions
Georgia Southwestern College_____________ Peyton Jacob, President Atlanta Junior Coilege____________________George M. Sparks, Director West Georgia College______________________________!. S. Ingram, President Middle Georgia College____________________Leo S. Browning, President North Georgia College ------------ _______________J. C. Rogers, President South Georgia CoHege____________________________J, M. Thrash, President Abraham Baldwin
Agricultural CoHege____________________George H. King, President

Albany Fort VaHey Savannah

Negro Institutions
Albany State College______________________________Aaron Brown, President
Fort VaHey State CoHege________________________c. V. Troup, President
Georgia State College____________________________.B. F. Hubert, President

Experiment Tifton

Experiment Stations Georgia Experiment Station________________H, P. Stuckey, Director Georgia Coastal Plain
Experiment Station _____________________George H. King, Director

5

In addition to the foregoing units, the Board of Regents
responsible for the management of the Division of General Ext 15 ~lao located in Atlanta and directed by Dr. J. C. Wardlaw e~Slon, Agricultural Extension Service, directed by Mr. Walter Sa~ the

with headquarters in Athens.

rown

The Division of General Extension, in cooperation with her

um.ts.m courses th

th e um.ve.rstty . system, offers boht rough the medmm of correspondence

carendditexatnendsionnonc-1eOret d"1t

~he academic standards. of the sy~tem are rigidly maintained ~

t1mes, and students domg extenston work may receive the sa
credit as do re~ident students for .t~e same . or equivalent wo~

Classes are held m whatever commumttes there 1s a sufficient demand.

~he division also operates. an audi~-vis~al _service which is recogm~ed as one of the ~est motton ~lm l~branes m the nation. Through

thts agency, educatiOnal films m btology, botany, chemistry, aa-

tronomy, geography, geology, the social sciences, psychology, in-

dustry, travel, et cetera, are distributed to schools and colleges and

other educational organizations for use in classrooms and laboratories.

The Agricultural Extension Service is the result of cooperation between the University System of Georgia and the United Stata Department of Agriculture. It is charged with the efficient dissemination of information regarding the most profitable farming methods and techniques to rural Georgia through the county and home demonstration agents. This agency may rightly be called the most influential department of the university system inasmuch as it extends the campus of the system to every county and community in the state.

PROGRESS IN THE UNIVERSITY SYSTEM
The administration of Governor Ellis Arnall has been marked by great progress in the educational work of Georgia along all linea. Governor Arnall's interest in the educational development of the state was evidenced throughout his campaign and has received even greater evidence from the vigorous support which he has given to the development of education during the first three years of bil administration. This has been true both with respect to the public school system and to the higher educational system which is com mitted to this board.
Some of the difficulties which our educational institutions blcl
encountered before the beginning of Governor Arnall's administrl

6

tion were, of course, well known. However, there were other acute situations which the public did not fully appreciate but which existed and which demanded immediate relief. While this board bas no direct responsibility for the public school system of the state, it is not out of order for us to say that we realize fully the crisis that existed in Georgia with regard to the supply of teachers in the common schools. Our salary scale in all branches of educational work had been allowed to remain so far below that being paid by other southeastern states for similar services, the teachers were drawing so much less than even unskilled services could command in private industry, that a situation had developed threatening a collapse of the entire public school system of this state. Through his authority to make funds available by budgetary approval the governor stayed a disaster in this field, and in doing so rendered a great service to the cause of education in Georgia.
We state this as a preliminary to the further statement that a serious crisis also existed in the institutions of higher education. No state can hope to maintain adequate instructional staffs unless it at least approximates what other states in the same area are paying for similar services. Governor Arnall recognized this with respect to the university system as well as to the common schools, and has protected the situation in a similar manner by making funds available through budgetary approval.
Furthermore, the university system faced several other problems which had to be met if we were even to maintain our position, much less make progress. From a standpoint of the welfare of the State of Georgia, the problem which appeared most acute and the solution of which would certainly furnish immediate benefit to the state was a vigorous extension of the agricultural services of the university system, both through its extension services and through its colleges of agriculture and experiment stations. We needed to have a farm agent in every county; and while we have not absolutely reached this goal, we now approximate it and will have reached it by July, 1946. We have also greatly expanded the number of home demonstration agents in the counties and are rapidly increasing the number of Negro county and home demonstration agents to reach the Negro farmers.
The Agricultural Extension Service needed and has obtained fourteen additional specialists dealing with special fields of knowledge for help to Georgia farmers. They are as follows:
7

Mr. Neil C. Boland, assistant state leader 4-H clubs Mr. Donald L. Branyon, extension agronomist Mr. P. G. Craddock, bee specialist Mr. Everett H. Davis, agricultural engineer Miss Doris Dean, assistant state 4-H club leader Mr. L. R. Dunson, assistant 4-H club leader Mr. L. W. Eberhardt, Jr., district agent Mr. George H. Firer, horticulturist Mr. Joel C. Richardson, district agent Mr. Robert J. Richardson, extension specialist in poultry
marketing Mr. A. Ray Shirley, cooperative agent in naval stores Miss Melba Sparks, district agent Mr. Harmon K. Welch, Jr., dairy specialist Miss Kathleen Weldon, assistant 4-H club leader
We have established much needed short courses in agriculture at the University of Georgia at Athens and the Abraham Baldwin Agricultural College at Tifton. These special courses were intended for practical farmers and for boys and girls intending to live on farms who cannot take full courses in agricultural colleges but can take short intensive courses in such subjects which they will find useful. These short courses have also been helpful to county agents who have attended them to refresh their knowledge of subjects previously studied and to learn later developments in particular lines. Among such courses which have been successfully conducted may be listed the following: livestock, dairy production, dairy manufacturing, soil conservation, poultry production, hatchery management and nutrition, small fruit and berries, garden club problems and their solutions, operation of tractors and combines, operation of freezer lockers, instruction in 4-H club work, bee culture, rural recreation, animal diseases, nutrition, and culture of cover crops.
Without attempting to expand this part of the report to further details, we believe we are justified in saying that the State of Georgia is reaping and will continue to reap great benefits in its agricultural work from the money that has been allotted to us to spend along these lines. Attached to our report are the reports of the heads of the various units of the university system, including the head of the Agricultural Extension Service. Anyone desiring
8

more details along these lines, as well as along other lines covered bY our report, will find them in these reports of heads of institutions to which we refer.
A further pressing necessity which confronted the university system when Governor Arnall took office was that of strengthening its faculties, building up its standards of scholarship, adding a substantial number of outstanding men in various faculties, and developing research and graduate work. \Vithout these things no college can really attain high standing. They are a benefit to the whole institution. They attract to its faculty men of ability and reputation. They draw to its student body the most serious and earnest type of students. They elevate the entire standard of the institutions and improve the standards of instruction from the freshman class on through the graduate school. The leading colleges of this country have accepted these statements as axiomatic for many years.
Furthermore. the great educational foundations of this country have committed themselves to a policy of encouraging work along these lines. When an institution shows its willingness to work for such development, it can obtain substantial financial aid from great foundations. While we have only begun such development in the university system, we have immediately received generous grants from educational foundations which more than equal the amount allotted from state funds for such purposes.
For all of these reasons it was absolutely essential that we should begin development along these lines.
We take pride in reporting that we have substantially strengthened the faculties in the university system. Among other outstanding educators who have been added are:
UNIVERSITY OF GEORGIA:
Dr. Lindsay S. Olive, assistant professor of botany.
Charles R. Lown, Jr., assistant professor in the department of drama.
Miss Alice C. Stubbs, assistant professor in department of home economics.
E. E. Byrd, professor in department of zoology.
Dr. Tomlinson Fort, dean of department of mathematics.
9

Dr. A. B. Biscoe, dean of college of business administration. Dr. Henry W. Schoenborn, assistant professor of zoology.
GEORGIA SCHOOL OF TECHNOLOGY:
Cherry L. Emerson, dean of engineering. Dr. Robert I. Sarbacher, dean of graduate division. Thomas H. Evans, head of civil engineering department. Leslie Francis Zsuffa, director of public relations. Herman A. Dickert, director of A. French Textile School. William N. Cox, professor of safety engineering. Benjamin H. Weil, research staff, engineering experiment statioa.
UNIVERSITY SYSTEM CENTER:
Dr. NewtonS. Herod, dean.
UNIVERSITY OF GEORGIA SCHOOL OF MEDICINE:
Dr. Philip A. Mulherin, professor of pediatrics. Dr. W. A. Wilkes, assistant professor of pediatrics.
GEORGIA STATE COLLEGE FOR WOMEN:
Donald Fuller, head of division of commerce. James V. McDonough, head of division of fine arts. Clyde Keeler, associate professor of biology. Dr. Rosa Lee Walston, head of division of languages and
literature. Hilda Hertz, instructor in social science. Paul Carroll, principal of Peabody School; other work in
department of education. Dr. Katherine Holtzclaw, professor of home economics.
GEORGIA TEACHERS COLLEGE:
Gordon Stuart Baillie, head librarian.
10

Henry J. McCormack, science, biology, and nature study. Dr. Ralph M. Lyon.
GEORGIA STATE WOMANS COLLEGE
Raimonde Aubrey, associate professor of music. Oleen Majors, secretarial science. R. E. Moseley, professor of chemistry. W. H. Spragens, professor of physics. Kathryn Talbert, social science.
GEORGIA SOUTHWESTERN COLLEGE:
W. B. Evans, professor of mathematics and physics. Alfred P. Koch, business manager.
WEST GEORGIA COLLEGE:
Dr. Charlie Clark, history instructor.
MIDDLE GEORGIA COLLEGE:
Kenneth Moore, assistant professor in English and social science. Edward F. Scott, assistant professor in physics and chemistry.
NORTH GEORGIA COLLEGE:
Clyde E. Henson, history and social sctence. Charles E. Lawrence, English. Oscar H. McMahan, physics and mathematics. L. Gilbert Barre, physics.
SoUTH GEORGIA COLLEGE:
Jack Truitt, head of chemistry department. Webster Nail, head of social science department.
ABRAHAM BALDWIN AGRICULTURE COLLEGE:
Mr. T. M. Cordell, director of adult education.
11

Mr. B. V. Gressette, head of mathematics and physical education departments.
Mr. Andrew Murphy, head of chemistry department.
ALBANY STATE COLLEGE:
James E. Andrews. associate professor of English. Christine Brogdon, director of practice teaching.
FORT VALLEY STATE COLLEGE:
C. L. Ellison, instructor, department of agriculture. H. P. Stallworth, instructor, department of agriculture. William L. Denley, instructor in science. Earl Bates Pierro, instructor in social science. Morris Mosely, instructor in mathematics.
GEORGIA STATE COLLEGE:
A. C. Kirby, professor, agricultural education. William B. Nelson, professor, industrial arts and registrar.
GEORGIA EXPERIMENT STATION:
Dr. K. H. Garren, assistant botanist and pathologist. Dr. W. H. Greenleaf, horticulture department. J. M. Elrod, associate agronomist.
COASTAL PLAIN EXPERIMENT STATION:
Mr. W. T. Brightwell, associate horticulturist. Mr. J. J. Smith, assistant agronomist. Dr. William L. Sippel. head of animal diseases department. Mr. J. F. Reinhardt, head of bee culture department. A number of other able men and women have been added to our faculties. We have been able also to make at least a beginning in research
and adequate graduate work at both the University of Georgia and
the Georgia School of Technology.
12

All things listed under the head of progress require the expenditure of money. It is still true that bricks cannot be made without straw. If the funds are being spent as carefully, conservatively, and efficiently as we are sure the record shows, they will in the long run bring greater benefits to the state than any money expended with the possible exception of that spent on public schools and public health.
Finally, on the subject of progress, we have made material advancement in bringing our general scale of pay to faculty members on a parity with that of other southeastern states. It is, of course, true that Georgia cannot expect to pay salaries on a scale equal to those paid by states having larger per capita income. We believe that what we are doing is one of the most effective means, in time, of raising the per capita income of this state; but for the present at least, in fixing salary scales, we must recognize the limited funds available. Nevertheless, it is equally true that we cannot expect to pay on a scale much below that of other southeastern states and at the same time retain adequate staffs in our institutions of higher education. The increased salary scale which we have set up leaves us still somewhat below the southeastern average, but the difference is not as glaring as it was, and our position is no longer hopeless in this respect.
FINANCES
As stated under the previous heading, the progress that we have made has required the expenditure of some funds and this has been made possible by the governor giving budgetary approval to additional allocations. Any suggestion of going backwards in this respect would be disasterous. It is, therefore, proper for us now to ask that the expenditures which are on an annual basis, and which have had budgetary approval, be authorized by an amendment to the general appropriation bill setting our appropriation on the basis of present expenditures as the minimum on which the system can operate and go forward as the state is reasonably entitled to expect. In making such a request, it is the obvious duty of this board to make a definite public record of just what it has done with such additional allotment. The additional allotment has been progressive because it is not possible to spend increased funds rapidly if the expenditure is made in an efficient and careful manner. Additional personnel must be selected, and programs for agricultural work must be planned. Unless such expanded effort is handled carefully and thoughtfully and over a period of time, portions of the additional fund would
13

be simply wasted. We have carefully avoided any such cours e and
have spread the development program over a three-year period, requesting from the governor in each year only such increases as
Wt felt were necessary and could be spent to advantage. Indeed n
1 one respect in one year we returned part of an allocation, not becaUit it was not needed for the purposes for which it was made b
Ut
because we were not able to make adequate plans for its use bel'Dg unable to employ satisfactory personnel. The additional budgeta
allocations to us for each of the first three years of Governor Arnal~
administration have been as follows:
For the fiscal year July 1. 1943, to July 1. 1944: $ 183,727.55
For the fiscal year July 1. 1944, to July I. 1945: 765,000.00
For the fiscal year July 1. 1945, to July 1. 1946: 1.470,900.00
Expenditures for 1945-46 have, of course, been only partially
made; however, the above figure is set up in the budget and baa
been given budgetary approval by the governor.
As outlined above, the state is entitled to know what this board has done with such additional allotments. The following tabulation gives this information:

STATE APPROPRIATION COMPARISONS

1943-44
State appropriation __________ ---------------------------------------------------------------- $1,800,000.00 Additional from state:
For Agricultural Extension Service______$ 75,000.00 For other agricultural projects___________ 25,000.00 For Bureau of Public Administration
University of Georgia -------------------------- 6,227.55 For state medical aid to indigent
patients-School of Medicine______________ 50,000.00 For repairs and alterations
Georgia State College for Women______ 20,000.00 For Georgia Forums ------------------------------ 7,500.00

Total additional for 1943-44 exclusive of $174,979.75 for insurance premiums_____________$183,727.55

183,7!'f.A

TOoTf AabLoFveROinMsurSaTnAceTEprFemOiRu

m19i4t3e-m44)

_(_e__x_c__l_u_s__i_v_e__________

$1,983,,,.,



14

1944-45
Additional from State: For salary adjustments and new personneL__________$315,000.00 For University of Georgia School of Nursing________ 15,000.00 For Agricultural Extension Service ____$ 45,000.00 For Abraham Baldwin Agri. College____ 5,000.00 For Georgia Experiment Station__________ 37,500.00 For Ga. Coastal Plain Exp. Station______ 37,500.00 For Univ. of Ga. College of Agri._________ 25,000.00

Special Agriculture Items ___________________________________ 150,000.00

For University of Georgia to reinstate fifteen faculty members on leave of absence________ 38,700.00

For Georgia School of Technology for

radio engineering ___

---------------------------- 10,000.00

For Georgia State College for Women for

warehouse, land, and Navy equipment__________________ 60,000.00

For Georgia State College for vocational training equipment and facilities______ ________________ 30,000.00

$618,700.00 Less amount from regents' unallocated funds 37,427.55

Total additional for 1944-45 over previous year.______________ 581,272.45

TOTAL FROM STATE FOR 1944-45________________
1945-46
For additional personnel and return of members of staff on leave of absence and in the armed forces ______________________$ 80,000.00
For salary adjustments__________________________ 55,000.00 For increased maintenance costs___________ 80,000.00 To replace profits from dining halls,
dormitories, and other auxiliaries formerly used for educational and general costs ----------------------------------------- 145,000.00 For improvements to Atkinson Dining Hall, Georgia State College for Women (Auxiliary Enterprise) __________ 25,000.00 For matching gift from City of Atlanta and Fulton County to Georgia School of Technology ____ _ _____________________ 50,000.00

----$2,565,000.00

$435,000.00 For University of Ga. College of AgrL$ 10,000.00 For Ga. Coastal Plain Exp. Station 11,400.00 For Georgia Experiment Station____________ 13,500.00 For Agri. Extension Service (net)-------- 65,100.00
----
Special Agriculture Items __________ ------------------- 100,000.00
For Supplementary Budgets:
University of Georgia To match funds from TVA on power and machinery studies ____________________ -----------$ 5,500.00 To match funds from General Education Board for research in diseases of plants and animals____________ 30,000.00

Total University of Georgia___________$ 35,500.00

15

Georgia School of Technology
To match funds from General Education Board for purchase of rare equipment $20,500.00
For graduate work ------------- 15,000.00
Total Ga. School of Technology______$ 35,500.00

Georgia State College for Women For additional personnel ----------------------- 26,828.00

Georgia State Womans College For adjustment of salaries_____________________ 4,000.00

North Georgia College
For additional funds necessary to operate institution ---------------------------- 15,652.00

Georgia Southwestern College For business manager

3,200.00

South Georgia College
For purchase of badly needed books for library --------------------------------------

5,000.00

University System Center
Amount needed to enable this institution to meet the standards of the Southern Association of Colleges______ 37,000.00

Fort Valley State College
For securing new members of faculty and adjusting of salaries plus needed books in library --------------------------------- 25,000.00

Albany State College
For securing new members of faculty and adjusting of salaries plus instructional supplies and equipment____ 17,320.00

$205,000.00 Less amount from regents'
unallocated funds ------------------------- 34,100.00
Total from state for supplementary budgets ---------------------------------$170,900.00

Total additional for 1945-46 over previous year______________ 706,900.00

TOTAL APPROVED BY GOVERNOR ARNALL FOR 1945-46 -------------------------------------------------------------- $3,270,900.00

16

So that the foregoing tabulation may be completely understood, one other matter should be discussed. For the fiscal year 1945-46, the board has for the first time separated its educational and general budget from its budget covering such things as dormitories, dining balls and the like, which are known as auxiliary enterprises. The survey report made in 1943 under grants from the General Education Board earnestly recommended that this be done and pointed out that no educational institution in the United States on a sound accounting basis undertook to combine its instructional budget with its budget covering dormitories, dining halls, etc. There is a sound reason for this separation. The receipts from dining halls, dormitories, and other auxiliary enterprises should be used to pay the cost of those enterprises and to maintain the buildings, properties, and equipment with which they are operated. This can be adhered to only if the two budgets are handled separately. If the two budgets are combined, one of two things will happen: ( 1) an inadequate allowance will be made for maintenance and the equipment and buildings will be permitted to deteriorate; or (2) students will be charged for dormitories, dining halls, etc., more than the actual cost. So far as we can determine, what was happening in the university system was that inadequate provision was being made for maintenance and up-keep, and buildings and equipment were permitted to deteriorate because receipts from such enterprises which should have been used for maintenance were being used to pay part of the educational and general cost of the institutions which probably should be met by the state. Under the present arrangement of our budget and under the present allocations from the state, the cost of educational and general administration is now being paid entirely by student fees plus state funds. The dormitories, dining halls, and auxiliary enterprises of a like character are being financed by their own receipts, and adequate provision is being made for maintenance and upkeep. While no definite statement can be made at this time, it is our hope that by handling the finances in this manner we may soon reach a point where we will feel justified in reducing some of these costs to the students in some instances.
To summarize briefly at this point, we have, over the first three years of the present administration, been able to take the progressive steps outlined in the preceding subdivisions of this report; We have been able to separate our educational and general budget from the budget covering dining halls and auxiliary enterprises, and to make adequate provision for the maintenance of such en-
17

terprises. It is probably true that no budgetary plan dear .

educat.wna1 m. sti.tutw. ns I.S ever stabI'l'Ized, and that there tn'gll With

stant1y be presented opportum.tt.es for progress which shouldWbI fcon-

as the state'sfinances permit.

eaced

we

We can

have say t

now h at,

obnrotuhgehpt rtehseenutnbivaesrt.ss,itywesycsatenmdtoo

the point work and

Where k

progress fairly comparable with the general level of other rna e m. stl.tutw. ns of h'1gh er educat.wn m. th e south eastern area. We ca state even on th I.S b as1.s, expect to progress as rap1'dly as some state innstnitout-,

tions in the southeast which are more liberally supported than the

general average of the section. .But. we can that we cannot expect to mamtam even

say with equal certainty a reasonably comparable

position with other southeastern states in this respect if we attempt

to operate on less funds.

We can see clearly that when the finances of the state will permit making funds available to the Board of Regents in addition to the amount the board will receive from the state during 1945-46, we can further improve the university system and increase the facilities and services of the system to the people of the state.

Furthermore, any substantial increase in funds from the state will enable the board to enlarge its betterment program to a point where the institutions in the university system will occupy a position comparable to the best state institutions in the southeast.

It is interesting, therefore, to compare what it now costs the State of Georgia in actual experience to operate on a basis comparable with other southeastern states with the studies made a year ago of what those states were in fact spending. That comparison shows the accuracy of the study that we made at that time. It should be clearly understood that this does not mean that we located a figure a year ago and then undertook to spend that much money if we could get it. It would be untrue and unfair to the board to assume anything of the kind. What was actually done was to do those things that study showed to be the absolute minimum to bring about reasonable adjustments and at least a start at progress. The cost to the State of Georgia of doing that is shown in the amount of state funds which we have budgeted for the current fiscal year with the governor's budgetary approval. That aggregate sum is $3,306,000. On page 21 in our 1943-44 annual report we summarized the data obtained by detailed and careful study of what other southeastern states were spending for higher education on a per

18

capita average. We pointed out what it would be necessary for Georgia to spend on the same per capita basis as the southeastern average. That figure then presented was $3,400,000. The university system is in fact operating on a basis comparable to other southeastern states, and we find that in doing so it becomes necessary to spend only slightly less than the amount heretofore determined.
The board, therefore, earnestly requests that its present budgetary situation be stabilized by an amendment to the general appropriation bill, writing into that bill an appropriation equal to this year's expenditures which have received budgetary approval.
ATTENDANCE Enrollment figures for the various institutions in the university system for the last scholastic year indicate that the drop in attendance due to the war had already passed its lowest point and that an increase in attendance has begun. This trend, of course, has been greatly aided by the ending of the war. Fall enrollments in the various institutions for 1945 as compared to 1944 are as follows:
19

FALL ENROLLMENT, 1945

INSTITUTIONS Senior Colleges

UNIVERSITY SYSTEM OF GEORGIA

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University of Georgia, Athens ______________ -------------------------- 1,755 Ga. School of Technology, Atlanta__________________________________ 503

University System Center, Atlanta __________________________________ 1,187

University of Georgia School of Med., Augusta______________

73

Ga. State College for Women, Milledgeville___________________ 955

Ga. Teachers College, Statesboro....-------------------------------- 203

Ga. State Womans College, Valdosta._________________________ 340

N 0

T O T A L ____________________________________________________________________

--
5,016

1,301 1,032
167 204 586
--
3,290

3,056 1,535* 1,345
277 1,541
203 340
--
8,306

2,147 820
1,577 97
1,072
252 323
--
6,288

723 183
--
906

]

~

~ ....
~ ....
>~.~

Spec.

Reg,

10

311

406

474

70

85

8

5

-- --

486

883

...r
'Cff\0 "=l~l ~...
~"~'"t:" -~~."=5'..."0~"''
E-<::ai<.
2,468 2,423 1,732
288 1,072
257
-32-3
8,563

Junior Colleges Ga. Southwestern College, Americus _____________ ----------------West Georgia College, Carrollton ___________ ------------------------Middle Georgia College, Cochran ___ -------------------------------North Georgia College, Dahlonega__________________________________ South Georgia College, Douglas ------------------------------------Abraham Baldwin Agricultural College, Tifton______________
TOTAL ________________ ----------------------- --------------------------

132 182 144 400 122 138
--
1,118

75** 257
-332

132 257 144 657
122 138
--
1,450

230 301 245
423 160 191
--
1,550

249
-249

1 3
--
4

1 2 6 1 1
- -5 16

231
303 252 673 164
-1-96
1,819

Negro Colleges Albany State College, Albany _____ ------------------------------------Fort Valley State College, Fort Valley ___________________________ Ga. State College, Savannah ----------------------------------------

TOTAL..---------------------------------------

COMBINED TOTALS--------------

.

summer Be
..., - - aDd

m..ter Jul7 8, bQ. Ill war u

to
op

OwcotonbearD1d4p. rodue

tiOD.

202
358
-3-66 926 7,060

202
358
-- -3-66 926 8,622 10,682

296 374
-4-25
1,095 8,938

--
1,155

1
-1 491

6
- -14 20 919

303 374
-4-39
1,116 11,498

Since these fall enrollment figures have been compiled, the tendency toward increased enrollment has gained momentum. At the time this report is being written, the figures of the increase since fall have not been compiled, but the heads of all institutions advise us of constantly growing enrollments. Furthermore, we are just beginning to receive substantial numbers of veterans who are enrolling in various institutions, most of them receiving funds from the federal government to cover such education under the so-called "GI Bill of Rights." The heads of our institutions are giving special study to providing for the needs and requirements of these veterans and are making modifications in courses and other requirements so as to provide as adequately as possible for the special needs of those who served in the armed forces in the war which has just ended.
LAND PURCHASES AT THE GEORGIA SCHOOL OF TECHNOLOGY
One of the urgent needs at the Georgia School of Technology was for additional land for future development. It was obvious that there would be a great future development for this institution because of the need in the South for technically trained men and because interest in technical training has been stimulated in many men by training they received in the armed forces. The campus of the Georgia School of Technology had no room for such development. Furthermore, the growth of the City of Atlanta and the pressure of new building in the City of Atlanta made it certain that unless we acquired the needed land now we would be forced to buy it later at greatly increased cost after expensive improvements had been placed thereon. We are glad to report that as a result of land purchases which have been made, the campus area at the Georgia School of Technology has been expanded from about fifty acres to more than one hundred acres. This has been accomplished without the use of any funds from the state treasury. The largest source of funds has been from earnings of radio station WGST, which is a part of the endowment of the Georgia School of Technology. Other funds have been secured without expense to the state.
PURCHASE OF BUILDING FOR UNIVERSITY SYSTEM CENTER
The board recognized during the current year that greatly increased quarters would be required by the University System Center which is comprised of the Georgia Evening College and the Atlanta
21

Junior College. It has rendered and is rendering a splendid . to th e state, provt.d.mg educatt.ona1 fac.th.tt.es to those whoservtce wark m th e dayttme but whose m terest m advanced education m ust great that they are Wl'11m' g and anxt.ous to attend college inlSthSO late afternoon and evening. Furthermore, we had been advised be
the Veterans Administration that they anticipate that great num~
of veterans will take advantage of this evening college as they c s
do so and still earn money during the day. The facilities availa~t
to the University System Center were already overcrowded. It w e impossible to expand the attendance at its old location. The boa: has acquired the property in the City of Atlanta on Ivy Street near the corner of Edgewood Avenue, known as the Bolling Jones Building. The property was acquired at a cost of $286,000. It contains 180,000 square feet of floor space, and is of permanent concrete and steel construction. We are advised that to construct a similar building with this amount of floor space would cost a minimum of $5.00 a square foot or about $900,000.00.
This purchase was made by the investment of trust funds held
by the board. The funds were in a few instances drawing 4~ %
on state bonds which the state treasurer had informed us would be called for payment, and in other instances were invested in government bonds at an average of around 2%. The front of the building is now rented for offices and store-rooms. This space will not be needed immediately, and the present rental received is suffi-
cient to pay 4)4 % interest on all of the trust funds invested in
the property and to provide for a reasonably rapid amortization. Hence, this property has been acquired without cost to the state and with actual profit in return to the trust funds that are invested in the property. It is the purpose of the board, however, to provide for an even more rapid amortization out of increased fees expected at the evening college.
It was, of course, necessary to adapt this building to use by the University System Center. Funds for this purpose were obtained by selling the old location on Luckie Street to the Tabernacle Baptist Church for $85,000, plus the right of the University System Center to continue occupying the building without rental for a year while the new property was being adapted to the school's needs. w~ believe the price for the property to be reasonable, and that it was appropriate to give preferred consideration to the church which owned the adjoining property.
22

PRESIDENT OF FORT VALLEY STATE COLLEGE

Since the last report President H. M. Bond has resigned as president of this college and the registrar, C. V. Troup, has been elected in his place. President Bond had rendered a splendid service to the institution during the five years that he was at its head. We have expressed to him our appreciation for his services. We are told by out-of-state educators that the Fort Valley State College is rapidly becoming recognized as one of the finest state institutions for the education of Negroes on the college level in the Southeast. President Troup has served in the institution for five years. He is thoroughly familiar with the plans and purposes that are being developed there, and we look forward to continued progress under his administration. The board believes that it can develop the college at Fort Valley to meet many of the reasonable demands for Negro education that are not being adequately met at the present
time.

GIFTS

North Georgia College, Dahlonega
Mr. John H. Moore for the establishment of a student loan fund -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------$ 3,000.00

Fort Valley State College, Fort Valley
Payment on a grant by the Julius Rosenwald Fund to current expenses and for the support of a program of rural education
Payment on a grant by the General Education Board to aid C. L. Ellison in advanced study at Iowa State College_____________
Gift from the Julius Rosenwald Fund matched by the regents toward repairs and repainting -----------------------------------------------------
Grant from the General Education Board toward the second year's expenses of a program of "Education for Production"
Grant from the Julius Rosenwald Fund to pay for architect's services in developing a plan for buildings for a functional educational institution ---------------------------------------------------------------------
Grant from the Association of Colleges and Secondary Schools for Negro Youth to provide a workshop experience for Mrs.
Thelma T. Murray of the faculty -----------------------------------------------Scholarship grant from Radio Station WMAZ, Macon, for a
promising young music student__________________________________________________

23,000.00 1,000.00 5,000.00 1,500.00
500.00
150.00 100.00

Total----------------------------------------------------------------------------$ 31,250.00

Georgia State College for Women, Milledgeville

Fellowship from the General Education Board to apply on the salary of Mr. W. E. Moore____________________________________________________________$ 1,200.00

Gift from Mr. Robert McCormack, Albany, to apply on special instruction of a student -------------------------------------------------------
Gift of a mirror for the mansion salon, value______________________________ Gift of the site and original building of Miller Hall by
Mrs. S. J. Stubbs, value_______________________________________________________________

200.00 300.00 10,000.00

TotaL---------------------------------------------------------------------------------$ 11,700.00

23

University of Georgia School of Medicine, Augusta

Grants made to faculty members during year July 1, 1944-

June 30, 1945:

Department of Pharmacology

A.M.A. Grant (Dr. Hamilton) _______________________________________________ $

Department of Pharmacology

--

Eli Lilly Company (Dr. Woodbury) ___________________________

Frederick Stearns & Co. (Dr. Woodbury) __________________::::------

Department of Experimental Medicine

---- -

A.M.A. Grant (Dr. H. S. Kupperman) ______________________

Department of Medicine

Markle Foundation (Dr. Sydenstricker) ____________________________

175.00
750.00 900.00
500.00
1,ooo.oo

Total---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------$ 3,275.00

Georgia State College, Savannah

Twenty acres of land given by Mrs. Albert Norman in honor of her brother, the late James Bannon_______________________ ------------------$ 7,500.00

University of Georgia, Athens

Gift by the General Education Board for research work in

plant pathology and plant breeding ------------------------------------------..$ Gift by the General Education Board for improvement of the

6,000.00

university library ---------------------------------------------------------------------Gift by Mr. Robert W. Woodruff for laboratory equipment -f~~

13,329.21

the school of pharmacy -------------------------------------------------------------------Gift by the Georgia Milk Plant Operators for cream improve-

10,000.00

ment studies -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Gift by Sears-Roebuck and Company for short courses and

597.00

scholarships in the college of agriculture.:_________________________________ 1,700.00

Gift by Julius Rosenwald Fund for study of curriculum and

program of college of education ---------------------------------------------------- 3,600.00 Gift by General Education Board for regional workshop in

school lunch supervision ---------------------------------------------------------------- 1,825.00 Gift by Georgia Ice Manufacturers Association for research

in use of ice in preservation of vitamin content of food ___________ Gift by Michael Brothers for prizes and scholarships in the
art department __________ _______ _____________ ______ ______ ______________________
Gift by Michael Brothers to supplement M.G. Michael Research

1,200.00 843.75

Fellowship Award -------------------------------------------------------------------------Gift by Edward Shorter for art department.___________________________________ Alfred H. Holbrook gave to the University of Georgia 100

333.50 50.00

paintings by famous American artists. A conservative valua-

tion of this collection is ________________________________ ----------------------------- 100,000.00 Gift by Mr. D. H. Redfearn of Miami, Florida, for the improve-

ment of the entrance to the university campus at the arch ...... 600.00

Grant from General Education Board for research in diseases

of plants and animals ______ --------------------------------------------------------------- 60,000.00

Gift by the American Potash Institute to carry out potash on

legumes experiments ___ -------------------------------------------------------------------- 1,000.00

Gift from Smith Rowland Company for a test on sources of

organic nitrogenous fertilizer rnaterials -------------------- ______________ _ 250.00

Gift from the American Cyanamid Company for fertilizer

experiments on sources and dates of applying nitrogenous

fertilizer rnaterials to small grain -- -------------------- __________

400.00

Gift by the Crop Protection Institute for the study of the

effects of Curbay fertilizers compared to ordinary fertilizers when used under certain crops ___________ -----------------------------------------

100.00

Gift by the American Cyanamid Company for the study of the control of dodder ------------------------------------------------------------------------

50.00

Total-..---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------$201,778.48

24

Georgia School of Technology, Atlanta

Appropriation by Fulton County Commissioners _____________________ $ 25,000.00

Appropriation by the City of Atlanta --------------------------------------------- 25,000.00

Army Air Forces-training mock-ups -------------------------------------------- 250,000.00

U. S'. Army Ordnance-machines, tools, etc.---------------------------------- 3,000.00 Stat~ Highway Department-paving of drives on the campus 20,000.00

Williams Brothers-grading and beautifying areas on campus _ 1,000.00

General Education Board-rare instruments and equipment_ 41 000.00

National Safety Council-establishment of a department of '

safety engineering ---------------------------------------------------------- ___________

8,000.00

Georgia Tech Alumni Foundation-salary supplements, expenses of field work, brochures, etc. ___________________________________ _ 17,949.00

James F. Lincoln Arc Welding Foundation-books on welding Atlanta Journal-200 volumes (books) _______________________________________ Judge S. Price Gilbert-expended for books in library ______ _

100.00 200.00 100.00

Callaway Research Institute-20 volumes (books)

25.00

General Electric Company-helicopter rotor test stand and

a three-phase electrical resistor ____________________________________

10,065.00

General Electric Company-radio parts ________________________ _

2,000.00

Western Electric Company-radio parts _________________

2,500.00

U. S. Public Works Agency-payment on new boiler__ U. S. Engineers-heat-treating laboratory_______________________

33,600.00 40,000.00

Textile Education Foundation-supplement to textile

engineering budget ---------------------------------------------------------------- _______ 12,500.00 Navy Department-! ranger airplane engine fully equipped _____ 4,000.00
1 six-cylinder diesel generator set _______________ 2,500.00

Medley Machine Company-1 single delivery drawing machine 500.00

Macon Textiles, Incorporated-! single section grilling machine _________________________
rayon yarns ____________________________

450.00 250.00

cotton yarns _-----------------------parts and supplies for card

525.00

winder ----------------------------Harnischfeger Corporation-1 electric welder________________ Dr. Troje (by will)-18 models__________ ________________________ Dr. Edgar Paulin-gas filled X-ray tube______________________________

200.00 600.00 2,500.00
25.00

General Education Board-for purchase of books and

periodicals

---- -------------

30,000.00

TotaL__________________ ------------------------------------ __________________ --------$533,589.00

Fort Valley State College, Fort Valley
Gift from Julius Rosenwald Fund for teacher training____ __ $ 17,000.00 West Georgia College, Carrollton
Gift from Julius Rosenwald Fund for rural teacher training ___ $ 10,000.00

COMBINED TOTALS ______ _

- $808,592.46

DEATH OF CHANCELLORS. V. SANFORD
No report of the Board of Regents at this time would be complete that failed to give expression to the tremendous loss we have suffered in the death of Chancellor S. V. Sanford. The board has recorded in its minutes a full resolution commemorating his life and work; therefore, no effort is made here to summarize that statement. It is sufficient to say at this point that we have lost the greatest con-
25

structive force in the history of education in Georgia, a chancellor whose heart and soul were wrapped up in his work for the univer. sity. system. ~ore ke~nl_v than any other~, the members of the board reahze that h1s loss 1s 1rreplaceable. It 1s worth recording that h' last conscious moments were spent attending a meeting of the boar: participating actively in the affairs of the university system to which he had devoted his life. His end came as he would have preferred it come.
CONCLUSION The Board of Regents is sincerely grateful to the heads, faculties and other personnel in the university system for their interest and for the splendid services which they have rendered. They have cooperated in every respect and have worked with intelligence and loyalty to make a university system for the people of the state. On behalf of the Board of Regents, the administrative officers, the faculties and the students, please allow me to express to you and the General Assembly our appreciation for the support given to the University System of Georgia during the past year. A sympathetic understanding of the needs and problems of the system has been shown, and it has been most encouraging and helpful to us in our task of ministering to the educational needs of our people and of preparing men and women for leadership in the affairs and activities of Georgia.
Respectfully submitted, MARION SMITH, Chairman.
26

REPORTS OF THE UNITS OF THE UNIVERSITY SYSTEM OF GEORGIA

UNIVERSITY OF GEORGIA
ATHENS, GEORGIA
ACADEMIC PROGRAM
In 1943-44 a special program was set up in the college f education for the training of cadet nurses. The cost of this progra:. was paid by the federal government. During the past year this program was transferred to the college of arts and sciences and
department of nursing education was created. The Board of Regen~
authorized this department to offer courses of study leading to
degree in nursing education. Under the direction of Miss Pboe~ Kandel, this department has operated most successfully and has
rendered a genuine service in providing nurses for the Army, Navy, and civilian hospitals.
There was set up in the college of arts and sciences last year a second new department-aviation. For two years the university operated a pilot training program for the Navy. It offered both ground school work and flight instruction. The flight instruction was given in an incorporated department of the university known as the University of Georgia School of Aviation. After the Navy program ended, it seemed desirable for the university to give up responsibility for flight instruction. Accordingly, its interest in the airport and equipment there was sold to the Southeastern Air Service, Incorporated. The university continues to carry on the work of the ground school through the department of aviation. Students who take flight instruction find the courses in this department a necessity. Some students take the ground school work with the thought that they later will take flight work. The courses in aviation have substantial intellectual content. Students may take two courses in this department as elective work. The courses carry the usual credit toward a degree.
Although these two new departments have been set up in the past year, we feel that our general policy should be to move very cautiously about expanding our program of work. It is better to do a few things well than it is to undertake to do many things and to do them poorly. Our financial resources are so limited that
28

we cannot do all the things that we are asked to do and that we feel that a state university should be able to do. At the present time many nursery schools are being set up throughout the state. Because of the great demand for nursery school teachers, the university has been asked to set up a program for the training of these teachers. The livestock industry is growing rapidly in Georgia, and there is an enormous demand for veterinarians. The college of agriculture is being called on to enlarge its program in veterinary medicine. The insect problem on the farms is creating an increased demand for courses in entomology. We recognize the value of the new or enlarged programs that we are being asked to offer. Our ability to meet these demands is dependent on the amount of financial support that is given to us.
The schools and colleges of the university are very eager to do outstanding work in the programs to which they are already committed. The faculties have been giving careful study to their curricula. Some of the professional schools are beginning to recognize that it is difficult to give a student in a four-year course the general education that he needs and at the same time give the amount of professional training needed. They are debating as to whether they should follow the trend toward five-year programs in certain professional fields.
The faculty of the college of arts and sciences has been making a careful study of what constitutes a liberal education in the modern world and of what disciplines are embraced within a liberal education. During the year a new curriculum was adopted that requires every student to take some work in each of the major disciplines. In this curriculum most of the work is specified, with consequent less opportunity than formerly for free electives. This curriculum will probably result in a further reduction in the number of courses offered in the liberal arts college. At one time the catalogue of this college carried more than four hundred courses. Our aim is to have fewer and better courses.
The new curriculum of the college of arts and sciences plans increased emphasis on mathematics as a discipline in clear and logical thinking. It recognizes that natural science gives to the student a knowledge of the structure of the universe and at the same time teaches the importance of making theories and opinion conform to known facts. It requires courses in social studies because they give students a knowledge of human relationships and an understanding
29

of the origin, development, and functions of governmental

.

afmonardestt.egsor.nyc1.1aoa1nf gmh.u1.asstg1.eot.uwt1n.T.0nlhasen. gaubGat.rghe.etaytantcodareraea1.gdso,o.tadwkrekitnneo, wtoalnegddigvseepoetfhaeak't-esa1tceunoaddnseotnenovtunecnae'

to thmk clearly-1s dependent on th1s. Literature, the art

the humamtles genera11y, culum because they teach

are an

apg1p vreenct.aat1.p0nroomfinveanluteps laacned

intothaes,cuarnn.d-

extent th an other subJ.ects, a1.d m. determ.m.mg the proper gogarleaterf

human endeavor. History and philosophy are included as thes i:.

tegrating and synthesizing disciplines. It is in these courses that

the student should learn to weave together the various strands of

learning and make of them one harmonious whole. These are the

courses that should enable the student to see his college education

as something more than a collection of atomistic facts.

Now that an outline of the curriculum has been made, great effort will be put forth to see that the content of each course is such as to enable that course to make to the liberal education of the student the peculiar contribution that it is supposed to make.

Perhaps it would be appropriate to say under this heading that during the year the General Education Board gave to the university a grant of $8,000 that will be used for the study of ways and means of improving instruction in the natural sciences. This will be a regional study which will involve a consideration of both content of courses and methods of teaching. It will necessarily include a study of the correlation of college and high school work. Dr. G. H. Boyd, head of the division of biolgical sciences, will direct this study. The results of this study should be helpful to the Upiversity of Georgia and to other institutions in developing effective courses of instruction in the field of the natural sciences.

RESEARCH
The University of Georgia recognizes its obligation as a state university to develop a program of research that is concerned primarily with the needs and problems of the people of Georgia. In the past the university has been able to do comparatively little in this field because money has not been available for the employment of research workers. Various faculty members have from time to time engaged in various research studies and have produced some excellent publications. The General Education Board in years past has given financial assistance to several research projects. There

30

bas been, however, no comprehensive, well-coordinated, and adequately financed program of research. Even the federal funds coming into the state for financing agricultural research have been assigned to other institutions in the university system and have not been available for research in the University of Georgia.
One of the university's functions is the carrying on of a program of instruction at the graduate level. Such a program must be coordinated with research activities if it is to be at all effective. This fact alone makes it imperative, in the opinion of the faculty, that more emphasis be placed on research work in the university.
During the year the Board of Regents approved a recommendation that the dean of the graduate school be ex officio director of research in the university. The function of the director of research is to encourage and promote research activities in the various schools and departments and to coordinate these activities. As dean of tne graduate school and director of research, Dr. G. H. Boyd has worked tirelessly in an effort to get a worthwhile research program under way. He has prepared various reports and recommendations for the faculty and for the Board of Regents.
SHORT COURSES-SERVICES TO THE PUBLIC
The University of Georgia recognizes that its obligation is not only to offer instruction to students on the university campus and to conduct a research program built around the problems peculiar to Georgia, but also to carry directly to the citizens of Georgia information that will be helpful to them in meeting their daily problems. With this thought in mind the university strives in every way possible with the limited funds available to come in direct contact with the adult citizens of the state. The reports of the several schools and colleges give a detailed account of what they have been able to do toward the accomplishment of this purpose. In this statement I shall summarize briefly some of the more important activities of this character.
During the year the college of agriculture conducted fifty-two short courses in various subjects. Some of these courses were held on the campus; many were conducted out in the state. The total attendance at these short courses was 4,347.
The departments of the college of agriculture undertake to work cooperatively with extension agents, teachers of vocational
31

agriculture, and farmers in meeting their particular problems. Aa
an illustration of this, the department of plant pathology d . the year held more than forty one-day conferences in various unng
of the state on the problems involved in the control of the di:e::: of the sweet potato.

b!

.Ttehstein~cotlhleegier

soefeda, gmricauklitnugrec~aelsmoicaulndaenratalykseess

to of

sseorivlesathmeplfears,~:

gtvt.ng dtag.noses of pla~t, amma.L and poultry diseases. A soil

testmg servtce was estabhshed dunng the past year with funds r _

ceived under a special allocation from the Committee on Agricultu:e

of the Board of Regents.

The departments of the college of agriculture undertake to an-
swer various questions asked by farmers about their problems. The
number of letters of this sort answered in the past year is about 10,000.

The college of education is offering programs of work and study in various centers in the state for teachers who are in service. Some of these programs are given during the regular session for teachers in a selected geographical area. Several work-shops for teachers and administrators are planned for various places in the state during the summer of 1945. There will be five workshops for school leaders and about ten workshops for teachers in various school systems.
University faculty members have supplied the leadership for dozens of conferences and institutes that have been held on the campus during the year.

GEORGIA SCHOOL OF TECHNOLOGY
ATLANTA, GEORGIA
IMPROVEMENTS Among the more important things accomplished are:
1. War Service. The Georgia School of Technology has gladly and efficiently met every opportunity afforded it in teaching and research work to assist the federal government in the prosecution of the war. That this assistance has been outstanding is evinced by
the ordnance department's awarding to the Georgia School of Tech
nology a certificate of merit, a letter from the chief of staff, General
32

George Marshall, informing the president that the school would be continued as an ROTC school after the war, and by similar communications from Navy officials.
2. Statutes Adopted. After ten months' arduous work, the faculty of the Georgia School of Technlogy has adopted the first formal set of by-laws in the history of the school. This is an excellent, flexible, modern document in harmony with the needs and purposes of the school. It represents a big step forward in effecting a more efficient operation of the Georgia School of Technology. The committee responsible to a large degree for this progress was beaded by Dr. Ralph Hefner and was composed of Messrs. Chapin, Daniel, Narmore, Rosselot, and Sweigert.
3. Advanced Planning (Academic). The school has worked bard for the past twelve months on all kinds of planning. The committee charged with making the studies and recommendations for the first phases of our academic planning was headed by Dr. Jesse Mason and was composed of Messrs. Bush-Brown, Houston, Narmore, Walker, and Warren and Mrs. J. H. Crosland. This committee made a comparative study of similar institutions and presented a most comprehensive report which was sent to each member of the Board of Regents and is on file in the Georgia Tech library.
The report concerned itself largely with pertinent data for planning the academic aspects of the institution. It fixed an ultimate goal of 5,000 students, estimated the faculty required in each field of learning for a given enrollment and distribution of students, recommended teaching loads, salary scales, and the buildings which would be required. This report was approved by the president, and every effort is being made to attain its objectives as rapidly as conditions will permit. This report was likewise filed with the regents and was presented to the Georgia Legislature's Joint Committee on State Institutions. The joint committee commended the report and recommended in first priority $2,000,000 worth of buildings for Georgia Tech as soon as war conditions will permit their construction.
4. Advanced Planning (Physical). The physical plant of the Georgia School of Technology is in a run-down, partially obsolete condition. The architecture department has prepared during the year many studies and plans for future improvements.
The October 21, 1944, meeting of the regents was a memorable one for the Georgia School of Technology. At this meeting an
33

overall comprehensive expansion plan was adopted. The plan provided for a campus which would eventually comprise 135 acres of land and encompass the area in Atlanta bounded on the north by Tenth Street, on the east by Williams Street, on the south by North Avenue, and on the west by Hemphill Avenue and Atlantic Drive.
The regents also approved a master building plan for the next ten years. The details of this plan may be changed from time to time, but the broad, general features of the physical growth of Georgia Tech are now permanently fixed. These features are as follows: ( 1) a compact campus in the heart of the great City of Atlanta will be bounded on three sides by main arterial highways, making the campus easily accessible, yet crossed by only two minor streets, giving the campus a quietness and exclusiveness so necessary for study and research; (2) all housing will be on the eastern side of the campus; (3) the athletic and physical training facilities will extend through the center of the campus from North Avenue to Tenth Street; ( 4) the academic instructional units of the institution will be concentrated in the southwest corner of the campus in a compact area which will make it possible for a student to walk from any instructional unit to any other one in less than ten minutes; ( 5) the numerous auxiliary buildings necessary for an institution of this character will be concentrated in the north end of the campus north of Eighth Street. So much progress has been made on the physical planning that when the plan is again submitted to the regents, it is highly probable that many of the details will be permanently determined.
5. Land Acquisition. At the October 21. 1944, meeting the regents authorized the acquisition of the land described above and appointed a committee composed of Regents Marion Smith (chairman), Rutherford Ellis, and Frank Spratlin, and President Blake R. Van Leer to supervise the acquisition of the additional land. This committee has held many meetings and has performed a great deal of work, as is shown by the fact that it has expended $216,199.08 for fifty acres of land. Through the efforts of this committee the Georgia Tech campus has grown from about fifty acres to one hundred acres. The committee has accomplished this growth with out having to resort to condemnation proceedings in a single case. There yet remain to be acquired thirty-five acres of land. Some of this is occupied by dwellings which will be more expensive than the land thus far acquired, but it may be six or eight years before
34

some of this land is needed for building purposes. The regents' committee has performed an excellent service for Georgia Tech.
6. Academic Progress. The enrollment at the Georgia School of Technology is treated in another part of this report by the registrar.
All of the curricula have been reviewed, re-arranged, and strengthened. However, a complete revision of all curricula to meet postwar needs in engineering education has been postponed until we could see more clearly the end of the war and the postwar needs. One factor which will greatly influence any thorough revision is the type of academic year under which we shall operate.
The Georgia School of Technology is under contract to the Navy for V -12 and Naval ROTC instruction. (During the past year the Navy has provided about seventy per cent of all our students.) The Navy requires a three-semester (sixteen weeks each) academic year. All of the other units of the university system are operating on the quarter system, that is, three quarters of twelve weeks each. From an administrative standpoint, it would be more efficient for the Georgia School of Technology to be on the quarter system too, but when that shift can be made is dependent upon a number of factors, the largest and most important being when the war will end. At present, we have no option in the matter. if we are to continue to serve our country through the Navy. We must remain on the accelerated semester system. This obviously holds up any serious consideration of permanent curricula revision until we can be sure of the ultimate system under which we shall operate.
However, a progressive step to place us in harmony with the standards recommended by the Society for the Promotion of Engineering Education and the Engineers' Council for Professional Development has been made in degree titles. The word "science" has been dropped from the designation of all accredited professional engineering curricula. The degrees are now bachelor of architectural engineering, bachelor of civil engineering, etc.
If the adoption of compulsory military training requires us to go on a five-year program for a professional engineering degree, it is probable that these degrees will be retained after the war for the young man who is able to remain in college only four years and who desires to take the basic fundamental engineering courses of mathematics, chemistry, physics, English, etc., but who does not desire or intend to follow professional engineering as a career.
35

. The ~doption _of t?e ~ve-year program f_or a bachelor's degree m professional engmeenng 1s a debatable quest1on among engineering educators. The profession is moving in that direction. The five-year program is in effect at Sanford University. Columbia University Dartmouth. and Cornell University. and for several years we hav; required five years to obtain a bachelor's degree in the professional divisions of architecture. architectural engineering, and aeronautical engineering. The Georgia School of Technology is prepared to extend the five-year program as rapidly as the educational standards of our secondary schools. the demands of the profession, and the economic condition of our people will permit. There is no question concerning the superiority of the five-year program. The difficulties arise from the state's inability to pay for this additional year of training.
THE PLAN FOR BETTERMENT
In considering plans for further improvements at Georgia Tech, it becomes quite clear that many obviously needed steps have not been taken. due entirely to lack of sufficient money. The advanced planning study which compared costs of operating Georgia Tech with seventeen similar institutions showed the per capita expenditure of Georgia Tech to be the lowest. For example. for the year 1943-44 expenditures at Georgia Tech per student per year were $501.00, while the institution which we most aspire to emulate and surpass spent $1,336.21 per student per year. We have a long way to go, and much hard work must be done before we equal the best engineering schools in the nation.
The regents in the last two years have made some progress in permitting the Georgia School of Technology to receive its share of the family budget. But when the Georgia School of Technology receives from the state only thirty-eight per cent of its instructional costs. and other units of the university system receive from fifty-four to eighty per cent of their instructional costs. then there is still much room for improvement.
The greatest improvement which can come to Georgia Tech is a more distinguished faculty. especially on the graduate level. This means more money. Progress is being made, as indicated above. but we have made only a beginning. As soon as the war conditions permit, it is necessary that we secure for our faculty the most highly renowned specialists we can obtain in several of the specialized fields
36

of engineering needed by the State of Georgia and in which Georgia Tech is expected to assume leadership.
The second most important need is a physical plant which will serve the needs of our students and faculty. We should be building now. As soon as conditions will permit, we must start construction on a very large program.
UNIVERSITY SYSTEM CENTER
ATLANTA, GEORGIA
When Dr. John W. Studebaker of the United States Department of Education had his staff select three college centers as subjects for expert study and academic exploration in college education for metropolitan centers. it chose the University System Center in Atlanta as one of the three. The other two, doing similar college work in both the cultural and vocational phases, are Cleveland College, the downtown center of Western Reserve University, in Cleveland, Ohio, and the Minneapolis Center, the downtown college of the University of Minnesota. Dr. Lloyd E. Blauch of Washington, D. C., made the three-day survey for the United States Department of Education, having been preceded to Atlanta by Dr. Ralph C. M. Flynt, likewise of the department of education.
Dr. Flynt visited the Atlanta center of the University System of Georgia and gathered information for authorities in Mississippi, where a similar center is to be recommended by the United States Department of Education.
During the year the State of Alabama sent the head of their college center in Birmingham to study the University System Center. In letters received in Atlanta from Birmingham it was stated, "we are going to lean on you for the continued development of the Birmingham Center of the University of Alabama."
For several years previous to the war, the director of the University System Center in Atlanta was invited to appear on academic programs in large cities to explain the working program here in Georgia. These invitations came primarily because those in charge of the University System Center have steadfastly believed in the possibilities of such a center in Atlanta, and because they have made this rinit fit into the scheme of the entire University System of Georgia, so that the plan made in 19 3 2 by a survey committee of educators is the working program of today. The chancellor has
37

been most sympathetic and helpful in every effort the University

System Center has made in the expansion of its program and i

the continued elevation of its academic standing.

n

THE ACADEMIC PROGRAM
The academic program of the school had changed from one kind of education to another during the past five years. In the year previous to Pearl Harbor the enrollment was 1240 men and 1272 women. Immediately on the outbreak of war, more than half the courses offered were changed in content to serve students soon to enter the armed services. So successful was this effort that more than 2000 students were inducted into the services with commissions. These were young people from Georgia who had come to Atlanta and were employed in Atlanta business houses.

PLANS FOR THE FUTURE
Now the school faces a different patronage-the returning soldier, sailor, and marine. The acquisition of a new building with more than five times the space of the present building fills the physical needs of the school and provides for the education of the thousands of returning veterans. A recent national auditing of the opinion of the returned veterans states that of those questioned in all separation centers, forty per cent wish not to return to their home towns, but to locate in big cities. For such as these, our preparations are being made.
To make plans for the returning veteran's education the faculty of the center held a series of meetings. Reports were made on the programs of other schools, with the idea of adopting similar programs in the evening college, wherever it was practical to do so. Charles Robeson, education officer of the Veterans Administration; Captain F. A. Sams, of the State Veterans Administration; and Captain George Manners, of the Fort McPherson Fourth Corps Area Separation Center, attended three of the meetings and discussed various phases of their work looking toward veteran education and rehabilitation.

PLACEMENT The evening college cooperates with the United States Employment Service, and also maintains its own placement bureau in the office of the dean of students. By means of telephone and personal
38

calls on employment managers of the city, the files of this office are brought up to date. An advisory committee of men and women to counsel with veterans interested in specific jobs is also being formed. Only recently the school added a counselor for affairs of returned veterans.
UNIVERSITY OF GEORGIA SCHOOL OF MEDICINE
AUGUSTA, GEORGIA
RESEARCH
In spite of the shortage of personnel during the war, original investigation has been continued in most departments. Grants are still being obtained from foundations and pharmaceutical companies. There is an urgent need for a marked increase in state funds for this purpose.
POST-GRADUATE TEACHING
While individual physicians are taken from time to time for training in some special field, such as anesthesiology, the only formal post-graduate course given during the year was the annual postgraduate course for Negro physicians. Postwar plans call for a marked increase in post-graduate instruction, and it is very much to be desired that the number of residencies and assistant residencies be increased under a plan of rotation with other state institutions.
ADDITIONAL DEGREES RECEIVED BY FACULTY MEMBERS
All members of the medical school faculty have degrees of doctor of medicine or doctor of philosophy. Four members of the faculty have both degrees.
NEW FACULTY MEMBERS
It cannot be correctly stated that the quality of instruction has been improved during the current fiscal year. The shortage of personnel and the inability to fill vacancies have been a serious handicap to instruction. Only one teacher could be obtained to replace three who resigned in the department of anatomy. Since the death of the chairman of the department of pediatrics, no one
39

has been obtained to fill his place. It is quite likely that a retur
medical officer, formerly in the department, will fill this need. ~~:
faculty members added duri~g the year ~ere Dr. W. H. Waller,
Ph.D.; Dr. Russell A. Huggms, Ph.D.; and Dr. George P. Ch.ld
Ph.J? research fellow. The educational background of these teac~er~
1s g1ven below.

Dr. W. H. Waller, A.B., DePauw, 1930; Ph.D., Cornell 1933,

department of anatomy

'

Dr. Russell A. Huggins, B.S., Aurora College, 19 35; Ph.D., Western Reserve, 1939, department of pharmacology

Dr. George P. Child, B.S., New York University, 1929; Ph.D., New York University, 1934, department of pharmacology

Resignations were as follows: department of gross anatomy, Dr. W. F. Alexander, Dr. E. M. Bradley; department of miscropic anatomy, Dr. Charles Noback; department of pharmacology, Dr. David F. Marsh.

ACCREDITING STATUS
The University of Georgia School of Medicine continues approved by the Council on Medical Education and Hospitals of the American Medical Association, and it is a member in good standing of the Association of American Medical Colleges. This approval will continue for the duration of the war, but if additional clinical material is not supplied for large third and fourth year classes, it is likely that approval will be withdrawn.

STUDENTS
The student body has now reached about the highest enrollment that can be expected under the expansion program, admitting seventysix students into the first year. While there is a maximum possible enrollment of three hundred and four students, this total is not anticipated because of the failures in the first two years.
The accelerated program for the freshman class has been abandoned, and this class will be admitted only at the beginning of the school year, in the latter part of September or the first of October, 1945. The lapse of the first quarter of the freshman class during the summer and the corresponding lapse in the sophomore year during the spring quarter will result in a loss in fees of some eighteen thousand dollars during the year 1945-46. With the complete suspension

40

of the Army and Navy Specialized Training Programs and with the abandonment of the accelerated program, the diminished income from fees will be extremely marked. The Army and Navy are paying three hundred and fifteen dollars a session. Most state university medical schools are receiving full non-resident fees for the Army and Navy students. Our non-resident fee is four hundred and forty-five dollars a session. A claim has been made to the proper office in Washington for the payment of the difference between three hundred and fifteen and four hundred and forty-five dollars for each Army and Navy student for each session since the Army and Navy Programs started. The collection of this sum will relieve the financial strain which will result after the Army and Navy Programs and the accelerated program are terminated.
MEDICAL STATE AID
The appropriation of fifty thousand dollars a year for the hospitalization of indigent patients from rural counties continues and is a boon not only to the needy patients of the state, but also to the school of medicine. Excellent teaching material is obtained in this way, and the patients are given the best possible treatment by specialists in various fields.
This program has the approval and cooperation of the county welfare departments and the State Welfare Department. It is hoped that the construction and maintenance of a general state hospital on the campus of the medical school will be the early culmination of this program.
STATE OWNED HOSPITAL
The most urgent need of the school at this time is a general state hospital of 400 to 500 beds for the hospitalization of indigent and semi-indigent patients from all parts of the state. This hospital should be built on the campus and operated by the Board of Regents as entirely distinct and separate from the University Hospital of Augusta. In lieu of this, the board should take over the University Hospital by lease or purchase and add to it sufficiently to take care of 400 or 500 patients from the state at large. Under this plan the local physicians might arrange for a private hospital which would take the load of the large private service away from the University HospitaL thus providing space for indigent and semiindigent patients.
41

RECOMMENDATIONS CONCERNING STUDENTS

the

After the war it is likely scholarships provided by

that there will be the state legislature

afolirvesltyudienntetrse~t~n

::a agree to locate in small communities for a period of years. lnqui . 0
have already been received concerning these scholarships, but

number of such inquiries has been small, no doubt because of the
Army-Navy Specialized Training Program, which has absorbe~

eighty per cent of the student body and provided tuition, books

instruments, and board and lodging in addition to a monthl;

salary.

It is recommended that the amount of the scholarship be materially increased, since one thousand dollars will take care of only a third of the cost of four year medical education in the university system. Many students now borrow one or two thousand dollars, or even more, and many would prefer to repay a thousand dollars or more and have no obligation attached to the debt rather than bind themselves to rural practice. Experience will demonstrate whether there will be applicants for these scholarships in the amount provided at present.

It is very much to be desired that rural communities in need of physicians furnish offices and equipment and pay a small stipend of two thousand or twenty-four hundred dollars a year for the physician to locate in the community. It would be even better if small, wellequipped hospitals were built by several rural counties on a sharethe-cost basis. Under such conditions young physicians might be attracted to these communities without the inducement of scholarships. It costs at least three thousand dollars for a medical education in the less expensive schools. A young physician cannot well afford to practice in a small community where a good living cannot be made, especially if he must repay debts made in obtaining a medical education.

It is strongly urged that the Regents of the University System of Georgia ask the State Board of Medical Examiners to require an internship of one year in a hospital approved by the board before licensing any one to practice medicine in Georgia.

STATUS OF SCHOOL AND OUTLOOK
The University of Georgia School of Medicine now enjoys the best reputation of its existence since it was founded in 1828. This is due to the fine support the school has received from the Board

42

of Regents which has made possible the employment of a distinguished faculty whose teaching and research have established a fine name in the world of medical education. Some of the most important scientific research work performed anywhere has been done at this school. and has attracted wide attention.
All that is necessary now to continue the school of medicine as an approved institution is to supply the funds required for proper maintenance. Medical school budgets are carefully scrutinized by the accrediting agencies. These agencies recognize the fact that medical education is expensive.
GEORGIA STATE COLLEGE FOR WOMEN
MILLEDGEVILLE, GEORGIA
THE DEPARTMENT OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION
The executive committee of this institution authorized last year the establishment of the department of business administration and provided for the establishment of three programs leading to this degree, namely, distributive education, secretarial training, and general business. The distributive education program was authorized the preceding year and was organized and put into effect under the direction of Miss Charlotte Mankey last year. The secretarial training program was continued, but' was placed in the department of business administration. The general business program was provided for the benefit of students who want business training but do not care to become stenographers. There is good reason to believe that this department is much better prepared to render service to a large number of students than it has been in the past.
DIPLOMAS
The executive committee of this institution voted last year to discontinue the granting of all two-year diplomas after September
I. 1946. This date coincides with the date of the elimination of
the two-year professional teacher's certificates by the State of Georgia. Hence there will be no reason to continue the normal diploma program. The two-year secretarial program is being continued at present with the provision that a certificate in business instead of the diploma be given. It is anticipated that the demand for the certificate will diminish from year to year. The aim is to put training for any sort of business employment on a four-year basis.
43

ONE-YEAR SECRETARIAL COURSE

a

Three years great demand

ago it appeared that for moderately trained

war conditions would clerical employees. To

c~r a t e

sueh an ant1c1pateddemand, the executive comm1ttee of this iee_t

stitution authorized business subjects. A

a one-year number of

concentration in freshmen availed

thsetrmicstellyvespraocftictn~1

opportunity. With the change of conditions toward the end of

the war, however, the need for such a program diminished, and it

was discontinued with the close of the academic year. It is doubtful

that such a procedure was ever justified by the results. Many stu-

dents who otherwise would have planned a longer college program

fell victims to what seemed ~o be an easy way to get through college

and were therefore turned as1de from any real college education.

SCHOLARSHIP STANDARDS
The university system regulation requiring a mm1mum of C average on half the work of the year is being enforced. At the end of the spring term, forty students, most of them freshmen, fell below the standard. About one-half the number attended summer school. and half of those attending qualified by earning an average of C in the summer. About thirty students were definitely excluded on the basis of scholarship.

SOPHOMORE HONOR CLUB
Last fall the incoming sophomores who had made the dean's list in two of the three quarters in their freshman year or who had made an average of B in the year's work were organized into an honors club. The purpose was to call attention early in their college careers to the desirability of good work. Among their other activities, they entertained the first honor high school graduates in the freshman class and the first quarter dean's list students in the freshman class. It may be of interest to note that while only twenty students qualified for the scholarship honor in the freshman class of 1943-44, the nukber jumped to thirty-eight in 1944-45.

NATIONAL TESTS
We administered the graduate record examinations, sponsored by the Carnegie Foundation, to the members of the senior class last spring. The papers were scored by the foundation and the results are now available. We constructed and mailed a graph to each
44

student with the record of her own scores. The results are significant in many respects.
An analysis of scores made by G. S. C. W. seniors on this examination reveals that the average scores for our seniors are lower than norms for senior women in eastern liberal arts colleges in all subjects; however, the seniors in our A.B. and B.S. curricula compare favorably with scores from eastern colleges. This reflects considerable credit on the college, especially when it is realized that G. S. C. W. seniors have had one year less of school than their eastern sisters.
Both the graduate record examination and the American Council psychological examination show G. S. C. W. students to be significantly below average in vocabulary. It is interesting to note that they scored relatively higher on subjects emphasizing quantitative thinking, such as physics and chemistry, and relatively lower on subjects emphasizing verbal facility, such as history and literature. In view of their low scores in the verbal factor, it is surprising that they did as well as they did on the subject matter parts of the examination.
For several years we have been giving the American Council psychological tests to our freshmen. Our students have always ranked far below national norms. In 1944 we were number 253 among 282 colleges reported. Although the scores suggest that G. S. C. W. freshmen are below average in equipment for doing college work, the conclusion that they are equally below average in native intelligence is not justified. Most students whose scores are included in the norms had one year more of school than had G. S. C. W. freshmen. This extra year undoubtedly had an influence on their scores.
NEW DEGREE GRANTED
The executive committee of this institution approved a plan for granting a bachelor of science in music education degree beginning with the 1944-45 term. Heretofore, students have secured a bachelor of science in education degree with a major in music.
MEMBERSHIP IN AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF TEACHERS COLLEGES
The executive committee and faculty voted to drop our mem~ bership in the American Association of Teachers Colleges. It was felt that this membership might interfere with our securing membership in the American Association of Universities.
. 45

GEORGIA TEACHERS COLLEGE
STATESBORO, GEORGIA
EDUCATION OF TEACHERS FOR HANDICAPPED CHILDREN
There should be added to the offerings of Georgia Teachera College a division of special education to serve handicapped children. Special teachers should be prepared in Georgia to teach children who suffer handicaps in speech, sight, dullness, and crippling disabilities of various types. Out of justice to unfortunate childr~ to teachers who try to instruct them, and to normal children, handicapped children should be taught separately.
INDUSTRIAL ARTS
In an industrial age all people should have some of the fundamental knowledge of industry with which to interpret what they see and hear. No one area of instruction in the public schools contributes more to that end than that made possible through introductory courses in industrial arts. At Georgia Teachers College we feel that all teachers should take these introductory courses and that a specialist in that field should be a member of the facultY in every school where there are seventh, eighth, ninth grade children. For these reasons, this college is doing all it can to promote the teaching of industrial arts. We do not have suitable quarters for this work. With the completion of the Arts Building some of the more elementary work will be provided for, but the major fields of industrial education will still be unserved. This need can be supplied by taking the present dining hall and transforming it to. serve the larger needs of industrial arts education. Anderson Hall, on the ground floor of which is the dining hall, should be extensively remodeled to serve these purposes.
AN IDEAL TEACHERS COLLEGE
What is an ideal teachers college? Man is by nature a searcher for the ideal. What is the ideal for any school depends upon the purpose to be served, the ends to be attained. This is true for a teachers college. The ideal teachers college is one in which there exists:
1. The right number and variety of courses to make possible broad general learning, wise selection of courses, and intelligent specialization in the field of teacher education.
46

2. A sufficient number of students to justify a rich variety of courses and to provide also for such extra-curricular activities as to make college life most fruitful.
3. A faculty sufficiently numerous to be able to teach the courses efficiently; teachers who are sufficiently capable, well prepared. dynamic, and devoted to the work to do it as it should be done. The consensus of opinion of the presidents of American teachers colleges (determined by questionnaire) is that 1.000 students is the optimum number with which to accomplish the three objectives stated above.
"AS IS THE TEACHER. SO IS THE SCHOOL"
Here is an old axiom, but it has lost none of its truth because of its age. The fundamental thing in every school is the teacher. Buildings, equipment, scenery are of little value unless there are teachers who can and do use them wisely. The best teachers-intellctually, morally, socially, in knowledge and in skill-should be the teachers in a teachers college. There they have the opportunity and the responsibility to multiply themselves many times. To get and to hold such teachers requires money. The financial allocation to Georgia Teachers College should be such that it could obtain and keep the best teaching talent in the nation. For this sort of allocation we present our earnest plea, believing that it is necessary for the good of the state and that it is both good business and wise public policy.
THE GEORGIA STATE WOMANS COLLEGE
VALDOSTA, GEORGIA
THE CURRICULUM
Since 1941-42, the Georgia State Womans College has maintained a fully accelerated program of academic work. All curricula everywhere are in a constant state of revision and change, but no radical departures are anticipated here in the immediate future. Despite the general clamor for changes in the curriculum "to meet postwar needs," we are reluctant to disrupt the present carefully planned and reasonably satisfactory curriculum. It is our belief that our faculty will in its wisdom make such changes in the curriculum as postwar actualities make necessary or expedient. According to
47

their proven abilities, our students are guided into divisional majors, departmental majors, and independent study.
COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES
The general aim of the college is to provide broad experience in
the various fields of knowledge. Upon such a foundation almost
oi any sort of superstructure can be built. For the various professions
such a background is today imperative. In addition, by means selected courses, our students may prepare themselves to become nurses, laboratory technicians, social workers, physicians, or workers in a number of other specialized fields. More and more of our graduates are continuing their education in the fields of research and graduate study. For many years the demand for our graduates has far exceeded the supply.
Offering both the A.B. and the B.S.. degrees, with a highly trained and cosmopolitan faculty and an intelligently cooperative student body, the Georgia State Womans College is recognized generally as an outstanding college of arts and sciences, informed and nourished by that liberal atmosphere so conducive to virtue, and so necessary both for the development of the individual and of the college.
HISTORICAL AND GENERAL
From time to time, an annual report should briefly summarize the progress of an institution over a period of years. The following information is submitted as a matter of record.
1913: South Georgia State Normal College opened its doors on January 2, R. H. Powell, president. College housed in Converse Hall, now freshman dormitory and health service.
1917: West Hall completed. Administration Building, .class rooms and laboratories.
1921: Ashley Hall completed. Sophomore dormitory. and dining hall.
1923: S. G. S. N. C. becomes senior college, offering A.B. degree, and name is changed to Georgia State Womans College.
19 3 2 : Function of the college changed from teacher training to liberal arts.
1933: Jere M. Pound, president.
193 4: Frank R. Reade, president.
48

1935: A mile of concrete roadways laid on campus. Playground for Valdosta children in South Woods, sponsored by Junior Chamber of Commerce. Music studios in rented building off-campus.
193 6: W.P.A. open-air amphitheater in South Woods. Horseback riding inaugurated. Riding ring, stables.
1937 : Construction of Senior Hall: dormitory rooms for upperclassmen, auditorium, recreational room.
1938: Celebration of Twenty-fifth Anniversary in honor of former President R. H. Powell. Principal speakers: Dr. Mary E. Wooley of Mt. Holyoke; and Dean C. Mildred Thompson of Vassar.
193 9: Student Activities Log Cabin erected on northwest campus. Gift of music set from Carnegie Corporation for this building.
1941 : Dedication of new library building by Mrs. Franklin D. Roosevelt.
1942: Acquisition of Carnegie Art Set. Inauguration of War Bond Scholarship Campaign. During war years, students have bought approximately five thousand dollars' worth of war bonds to establish loan fund for deserving students when bonds mature.
1943: Bachelor of science degree added. Central heating system completed.
1944: Students receive treasury citation as sponsors of Fourth War Loan. Camellia Trail. Drexel Park.
19 45: Sports Club of physical education department raises $3,000 in polio drive, about ten times the amount raised before the Sports Club made this drive its annual project.
Total value of improvements and additions to physical plants in the past ten years is approximately $255,000. Architects for the college are Sayward and Logan, formerly Edwards and Sayward, of Atlanta. This firm has done all architectural planning for the college since its inception, and has drawn plans for several major buildings yet to be constructed.
The Georgia State Womans College holds membership in the Association of Georgia Colleges, the Southern Association of Colleges for Women, the Southern Association of Colleges and Secondary Schools, and the Association of American Colleges.
49

GEORGIA SOUTHWESTERN COLLEGE
AMERICUS, GEORGIA
EDUCATIONAL PROGRAM
The educational program of Georgia Southwestern College h
f: been enriched and expanded to include (a) a general curriculuas
suitable as a terminal cultural course; (b) preparatory curricula
students looking to':ar? any of the non-technical degrees (Six~
per cent of those fimshmg these courses entered senior institutions fifty per cent within the university system.) ; (c) terminal curricul~ for elementary teachers and for secretaries and accountants; (d) a preparatory home economics curriculum leading to professional home economics degrees.
DURING THE RECESSION
Declassification by the Southern Association in the fall of 1941 was anticipated by the public in the preceding summer, and brought a decline in attendance in 1941-42. This decline was further accelerated by the war, with the low point being reached in 1943-44. A rapid approach to "normalcy" is being made in the fall of 1945, with a more than one hundred per cent increase in boarding students and an overall increase of seventy-five per cent. Both girls' dormitories are full.
During the period of recession the program of the school was kept intact by a skeleton staff and faculty, which formed the nucleus for a rapid expansion and reorganization in the fall of 1945. During this period a number of instructors voluntarily found work elsewhere, relieving the institution of the burden of maintaining a large staff. Consolidations were likewise made in the administrative staff. Reductions in duplicate sections enabled this smaller staff to offer a wider variety of courses, including a complete two-year premedical course, and greatly strengthened mathematics and physics courses. By thus holding together a skeleton faculty of all essential departments, we were able to expand to meet the needs of the nearly doubled student body of 1945-46.
THE NEW YEAR-1945-46
Much of the summer of 1945 was devoted to careful search for suitable replacements for the greatly depleted faculty. This gave opportunity to introduce many long-needed features, most of them recommended in pervious reports.
50

Guidance: A man especially trained for educational and vocational guidance. Mr. Vernal S. Mann, was secured and is doing an excellent job. Business Education: The head of the business education department. Mr. Alfred P. Koch. is unusually well trained and capable. The work in this department is now directed by two competent teachers instead of being handled by a secretarial teacher plus assistance from the academic departments. Dean of Women: For the first time in our history. we have a real dean of women. Miss Alma Eckl. who has had special training for this work. She is dean and advisor on personal matters for all of the girls. rather than being a mere housemother. Infirmary: We have set aside five rooms in Morgan Hall for an infirmary. which is in the charge of the housemother. Mrs. Irene S. Ballew. who has had many years experience in practical nursing.
THE FUTURE
We seem to be staging a rapid recovery in enrollment. We have the best equipped faculty in the history of the institution. as well as the best educational program. We still need, however. to reexamine our educational objectives in light of the needs of all the high school graduates in our territory-not merely those preparing for senior college or professional school-and to strive to meet the needs of all except the small minority who can be better served elsewhere.
WEST GEORGIA COLLEGE
CARROLLTON, GEORGIA
FIELDS OF EMPHASIS
The Board of Regents set forth in its original objectives for the school two aims: general education and teacher education. In 19 33 Georgia was issuing licenses to elementary teachers upon the completion of high school work. A survey of this section made by the college at that time showed that fifty per cent of the elementary students in this section were being instructed by teachers with high school training or less and sixty-eight per cent by teachers with less than one year of college work. West Georgia College began an active campaign with local school officials and county teachers' organizations to encourage teachers to take further training. It is now an established fact that all regular teachers in this area have completed two years of college training. Most of them have completed
51

three years. In the light of this accomplishment and of the State Department of Education's plan to require four years of college training for a professional certificate, the Board of Regents should in my judgment, reexamine the objectives set up for West Georgi~ College.
In 19 37 the work of West Georgia College in the field of teacher training was brought to the attention of the Rosenwald Fund. A thorough study of the :field and the work being done led to an appropriation of twelve thousand dollars annually for three years. At the end of that time the fund thought the work justified further appropriation and increased the grant to twenty thousand dollars per year for five years. This amount did not include funds for scholarships to the faculty. A third year was added to the teacher training department.
The record of the school in respect to teacher training speaks for itself. Educators throughout the nation have visited the school and have written their favorable evaluations in professional journals of its work in teacher education. The State Department of Education in Kentucky issued a special bulletin on the merits of the work. R. Lee Thomas of the Department of Education of the State of Tennessee writes, "I am so impressed with the services which West Georgia has been able to render to the rural schools that I want our teacher training institutions to know more about it." The brevity of this report prevents including many such statements from other reputable authorities. But the faculty rightly concludes that the experiment has justified itself.
However, the continuation of the work, the experience gained over the past eight years, the trained and able staff, and the whole program are in danger of being lost to the university system and to the state as a whole due to the early discontinuance of funds to support the program.
Before closing this topic something further should be said in reference to education for teachers-a program with emphasis on rural education. If education is to do nothing more than deal with the child in the school, there is very little difference in the training needed for teachers in rural and in urban schools. But if education is to help improve community living and solve community problema, the training needed for dealing with rural school problems is different from that required in dealing with urban community problema.
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Rural education cannot be improved until the living conditions of the people are improved. The program and practices of the work are based on such a belief.
PUBLICATIONS
The publications of the college prepared especially to fill the needs of rural Georgia schools, have been ordered by educators in forty-three of the forty-eight states in the union. These books have been favorably reviewed in more than fifteen professional educational journals. Canada, the Panama Canal Zone, Puerto Rico, England, and China are represented in the orders for these publications.
PROPOSED PROGRAM
The faculty sees the need for continuing the program of this unit in the following order:
I. A good liberal arts education on the junior college level for the young people of this northwest Georgia area.
2. Teacher education on the third year level. This also includes adult community education now carried on by the college.
3. Post high school technical education formerly financed by NYA and subsequently financed by War Production Shops.
4. Terminal education following lines suggested above.
CONCLUSION
It has been found that four-fifths of the junior college students do not go to the senior colleges. Out of this great group, largely from families of limited means, comes the community leader. It is he who renders the greater service and adds to the wealth of the state. Therefore the state has a great responsibility to this majority group for its potential community leaders.
West Georgia College has had an enriched period of service in its contribution to the total educational life of this group. It is satisfying to find its alumni teaching in the village and rural schools, and working in the banks, stores, mills, filling stations, restaurants, farms, offices and shops in the State of Georgia.
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MIDDLE GEORGIA COLLEGE
COCHRAN, GEORGIA
PLANNING FOR BETTERMENT
Our planning at Middle Georgia College has been in the following' directions:
In Health. Middle Georgia College has made steady efforts to improve the health of its students and to promote conditions conducive to health on the campus. Only the best food has been chosen, and it has been prepared under expert supervision. A doctor has been available for consultation, and efforts have been pushed to secure an infirmary for the school.
In Care of Buildings. Improvement has been made in the care of physical equipment and buildings have been painted regularly and repaired as needed. Certain dangerous exits have been eliminated. A successful campaign was inaugurated for the better care of school property.
In Social Training. The school provides a well-equipped social center where students may have dates, play games, and listen to the radio or the phonograph. There are $750 worth of classical and popular recordings at hand. A hostess is present and takes advantage of the opportunities for social training. Student dances are held; several trips to nearby resorts are made each year; and banquets are given in the dining hall on suitable occasions. Boys are allowed to go to town in the evening, but are required to be in their rooms at reasonable hours. Young ladies are not chaperoned in the afternoon and may go to town if they desire. We have a sensible democracy with reasonable regulations, and we believe it produces socially poised and self-reliant men and women. Both our patrons and our students are pleased with our results
In Scholarship. The faculty and the administration emphasize scholarship and attempt to guide the student into good study habits and proper employment of his time. The use of the library is stressed. Equipment is provided for more effective instruction when the need appears. The excellent equipment bought during the last year for the department of commerce makes it one of the best equipped in the state.
The faculty meets each month and carefully reviews the record of each student with the understanding that those delinquent in
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any way will be counseled and urged to correct any faults. As a last resort, students are asked to withdraw if their work is unsatisfactory and if they show no desire to improve.
SHORT COURSES AND MEETINGS DESIGNED TO HELP THE STATE
Various state and county agencies held meetings at the college during the year. In January a demonstration of the preparation of foods for storage, sponsored by Bleckley County Extension Service, created much interest. The State Extension Service demonstrated the cutting and wrapping of meats. This was opportune for the people of this county, since a cold storage plant has been in operation for several months. At this meeting methods on preparation of fruits and vegetables were also demonstrated. Fifty people attended.
In February another meeting of importance was held under the direction of the home demonstration agent of Bleckley County. At this meeting the latest method of home canning was demonstrated by Mrs. Broach, state specialist. Twenty-five women of the county attended. In March the women had the opportunity of seeing a demonstration of canning meats and vegetables. In April a demonstration was given for the benefit of the Farm Security women, under the direction of Mrs. Thorp, Farm Security specialist. Women from all adjoining counties were present. In May the Bleckley County council met at the college and enjoyed a discussion and demonstration of the dehydrating of food.
NORTH GEORGIA COLLEGE
DAHLONEGA, GEORGIA
STRENGTHENING OF SCHOLARSHIP
North Georgia College definitely believes in scholarship and seeks, therefore, to secure superior student performance and achieve.ment in the classroom. Militating against such scholarship are the very crowded conditions which prevail in classroom, laboratory, and dormitory. All existing facilities are crowded beyond the dictates of health, comfort, and educational efficiency. The young people of Georgia who seek junior college training should be able to secure it in the state school of their choice; and having been admitted, they should be provided housing and other facilities which favor rather than discourage successful student life.
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Objective testing reveals that a large number of high school graduates who apply for college admission read at a surprisingly slow rate and with low degree of comprehension. This defect in preparation makes college work difficult and discouraging. The situation is at once a challenge and an opportunity, so North Georgia College plans to introduce, under skilled directors, work in remedial reading. This, it is believed, will salvage many who would otherwise become discouraged and drop out of college or be requested to withdraw by the faculty. The faculty hopes also to stimulate the leisure-time reading habits of students, which in turn will undoubtedly react favorably upon scholarship.
A program of guidance or student counseling, which was more or less discarded during the war period, is being reorganized.
Since 1942 the college has operated on the four-quarter basis, and at the same time a dual educational program has been conducted, one for civilian students, the other for army trainees. Since the two programs had different calendar schedules, the faculty has been on duty practically fifty-two weeks each year. Such unrelieved labor is deadening; and if the teaching staff is to keep abreast of educational thought and practices and is to stimulate student thinking, a modest program of faculty leaves for study and travel must be introduced. Such a program will result in increased educational freshness and efficiency, and thus in service to the state will justify the relatively small cost.
STATE FINANCIAL SUPPORT
The enrollment increase at North Georgia College has been rapid during recent years, from 239 in 1933 to 679 in 1941. During 1944-45 the total cumulative enrollment was 1093.
This enrollment increase was out of proportion to the increase of state support, and thus the college remained generally understaffed. Rising costs of living on the one hand and low salaries on the other were embarrassing to both staff and administration. In many respects the physical plant was in poor condition and inadequate. It was necessary, therefore, that something be done, and during the past five years more than $52,000 has been spent in permanent improvements and in the purchase of new equipment, no part of the amount coming from the state. The necessity of such financing merely made more evident the inadequacy of state support; Fortunately, however, during the current year the governor made
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additional funds available to the chancellor and the Board of Regents, and a financial breakdown was averted.
Notwithstanding this additional allotment, funds were still insufficient. Fortunately, again, the college had a War Department contract for the training of ASTP students. The government paid one hundred per cent of such instructional costs, whereas civilian students paid about twenty-five per cent. Had all our students been civilians, there would have been a deficit of $35,000, but because of the Army contract this deficit did not occur. Nevertheless, from this experience only one conclusion can be drawn: when the Army contract expires, the college will again be in financial straits unless state authorities provide further operational funds.
SOUTH GEORGIA COLLEGE
DOUGLAS, GEORGIA
FACULTY AND EQUIPMENT
The faculty and student body have been most cooperative. Regardless of war conditions we have been able to maintain a well trained and efficient faculty. Our plant is in good repair, and very little additional equipment will be needed for the next fiscal year. However, we expect to add a number of volumes to our library in order that it may be properly standardized. We have purchased additional equipment for our home economics department, and the department is now standardized. The college laboratories have been well equipped and meet the needs of our students.
SERVICE TO THE COMMUNITY
The 4-H Clubs of the Southeastern District, representing forty counties, held their three-day contest meeting at the college and expect to be with us again this year. Also a freezer-locker and homefreezer conference was held on the campus and attended by the county agents and home demonstration agents from Georgia and by several leaders in this field from various points throughout the United States.
SERVICE IN THE WAR EFFORT
Seven hundred and thirty-three men and women who have attended school here are now enrolled in the armed services. Out of this number two hundred and forty-seven are officers. Five are
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missing in action, four are prisoners, and twenty-two have been killed.
We have geared our curriculum and economy to the war effort. We are teaching courses in aeronautics, pre-flight physics, plane geometry, and biology to that end. We have also given pre-induction courses which enable many of our students to advance in the ranks of the armed forces.
This institution has been approved by the Veterans Administration Bureau as a training school for returned veterans. We already have a number of veterans taking advantage of the training here.
ABRAHAM BALDWIN AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE
TIFTON, GEORGIA
SHORT COURSES
Special emphasis has again been given at the Abraham Baldwin Agricultural College to short courses. During the year nine courses were held with an enrollment of 560 students. These for the most part have been the farmers and professional agricultural workers of the state.
During the year many groups have met on the campus. The South Georgia 4-H Club conference, the state department nutritionists, the young people's conference of the Presbyterian church, the Soil Conservation committee, the animal husbandry committee of the university system, extension agents, farm security supervisors, and vocational teachers have met during the year. The largest work-shop in the state was held in cooperation with the Georgia Teachers College of Statesboro. The school leaders workshop will' be given in cooperation with the education panel of the Georgia Agricultural and Industrial Development Board. This course will last for three weeks.
TEACHING
The faculty is being slowly increased as increase in student enrollment warrants. At present four of our regular faculty are in the armed services and must be given their places upon their return. In the meantime specialists from the Georgia Coastal Plain
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Experiment Station are being used as part-time instructors. They are doing an excellent job, and their first hand knowledge stimulates learning on the part of the students. The faculty has been very cooperative during the year in taking on extra duties.
FOOD PRESERVATION
For four years the college has been practically self-sufficing insofar as staple foods are concerned. In its canning and freezing departments, the products of the college farm and many products from the experiment station are preserved. At the present time our inventory of food products amounts to approximately $8,000, consisting of frozen beef, pork, and poultry, and frozen and canned vegetables and fruits. This food supplies to a large extent the demands of the dining hall. Canned goods have also been shipped to South Georgia College, Georgia Southwestern College, and Georgia State Womans College.
ALBANY STATE COLLEGE
ALBANY, GEORGIA
FACULTY AND INSTRUCTION
The quality of instruction has improved for several reasons, among them being professional faculty meetings, study groups, visits to other colleges by staff members, the assistance of able consultants, advanced study on the part of some faculty members, and the additions of strong persons to the teaching staff. At present nine persons are studying for advanced degrees: two are on leave for a year (1944-45), while seven are engaged in summer school study. Two members of the staff have received degrees during the year. The desire to relate their publications to the collge program is revealed in the following titles of faculty productions for the year.
Brown, Aaron-"Functional Citizenship Training," December number, Black and White, 1944.
"An Evaluation of the Accredited Secondary Schools for Negroes in the South," Fall number, Journal of Negro Education, 1944.
The Negro in Albany, Albany State College, 1945.
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Latimer, Troas L.-Tentative Proposal for Improving the Personnel Program at Albany State College, The University of Chicago, 1944.
Murry, Ellen S.-A Study of the Incidence of MaladjustmeTlf among 122 School Children in the Savannah Street High School, Newn-an, Georgia, Atlanta University, 1944.
Robinson, Frank-A Suggested Plan for Observation and Evaluation of Student Teachers in Education, Atlanta University, 1945.
Stegall. Alma L.-A Program for Directing Practice Teaching at Albany State College, Atlanta University, 1945.
Welch, W. Bruce-A Pattern of Pre-Vocational Analysis as Applied to the Case of Mentally Retarded Boys, Indiana University, 1945.
Wright, Martha B.-A Pre-service Program of Music Education for Prospective Elementary Teachers at the Albany State College, Atlanta University, 1945.
STUDENT PERSONNEL SERVICES
The college has developed a workable student personnel program which includes recruitment, orientation. counseling, placement, and follow-up. The program is designed to aid the student in wellrounded growth physically, mentally, socially, and spiritually. This work is performed by a group of carefully chosen advisors with the general direction corning from the student personnel committee. Provision is made for desirable recreational activities, lecture-recital events, assembly programs, Sunday school and vesper services.
The faculty is offering encouragement and extending recognition to a student council. During the year this student organization has justified its existence and promises to increase its usefulness next year. The president of the council is on the campus during the summer for the purpose of publishing the student handbook and helping with recruitment.
ADULT EDUCATION
Several means have been found during the year to serve the adult population in this section of the state. These included summer school, extension classes, night school, services to veterans, forums and conferences.
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During the summer quarter our enrollment consisted mainly of in-service teachers. The program was geared to their needs, and workshop procedures were employed. Extension classes were conducted in ten communities under the Division of General Extension of the University System of Georgia. We have had satisfactory results from our evening classes. This work is voluntary on the part of the faculty and carries no credit value. Some projects run for only a few nights while others last for months, depending upon the nature of the work and the needs and interests of those attending. Approximately forty soldiers from Turner Field pursued work in the evening classes during the year.
The college has given much thought to the returning veterans. Several are now enrolled under Public Laws 346 and 16. The program for veterans resulted from a two-day conference of education officers from three military installations and selected members of the staff.
SERVICES TO THE COMMUNITY AND STATE The college has rendered valuable and lasting service to the community, region and state. These services have taken the form of institutes, short courses, speaking engagements by many from the faculty, supplying several communities with consultants from the staff, and the dissemination of printed and mimeographed materials. Members of the staff filled engagements which carried them from Thomasville to Dalton and from Newnan to Savannah. We have entertained a variety of groups on our campus during the yearministers' institutes, teachers' meetings, farmers' conferences, Boy Scout training conferences, and Hi-Y and Tri-Hi-Y groups. The 1945 meeting of the Georgia Teachers and Educational Association was scheduled to be at our institution in April but was postponed because of restrictions on travel. The college has met with outstanding success in cementing the local community to the institution.
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FORT VALLEY STATE COLLEGE
FORT VALLEY, GEORGIA
FORT VALLEY'S DISTINCT CONTRIBUTION TO EDUCATION: A SCHEME TO MEASURE AND
CREDIT EDUCATIONAL EXPERIENCE OUTSIDE OF ACADEMIC CLASSROOMS
Fort Valley State College has achieved a national reputation as an institution which was experimental in form, and which sought to educate young people to become teachers through a functional approach. This meant that if these young people were to become teachers of country folk, they should teach country folk. If they were to learn to work in a rural community, they should workeven while in college-in a rural community.
It was a logical extension of this idea to consider that education is life and life is education; but no college measures or tries to measure life. Colleges measure only what goes on in the classroom. They measure the success of students in achieving an "education" in terms of so many credit hours of mathematics, or English, or physical education.
Each college knows that much knowledge of mathematicsordinary budgeting-is learned in the normal process of living outside of the classroom, in paying bills, in working on a job and getting paid for it; but no college gives any credit for this kind of educational experience. The student gets credit for mathematicsfor learning how to use numbers-only if he attends a class so many hours a week under an instructor.
Every college knows that the student learns a great deal about life from his out-of-class activities. Colleges promote student centers; they promote life among students; they advertise the virtues of this life far more vigorously than they advertise various courses of study. But the student gets no "credit" to show that he is being educated to live while in college, unless the student attends a particular class so many hours a week.
All of us know that college students learn inflection, good usage, and good diction more from out-of-class conversation than from the required courses. The boy from the backwoods mountain county learns how to talk, not in his required English, but in the market place of the college commons. The boy from the isolated coastal
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region whose accent is as thick as butter learns correct pronunciation, not in his required English classes, but in. the give-and-take of campus life where his classmates and friends deride him for his strange speech and force upon him a correction in terms of standard usage.
And so with other subjects. The college has certain aims and objectives. But the only way the college has found to measure the success of the student in achieving these aims and objectives is by the quite indirect method of measuring his achievement in subjectmatter. If the college has the objective of attaining the scientific attitude in student minds, it can measure that objective only through courses in scientific subject matter. The student may accumulate credits in mathematics or biology; but whether he has attained the end-objective of the college is another matter. The college aims to produce good citizens; but the only measurement it has of its success is to measure the achievement of the student in Political Science 106, -or American History 327, or the like.
The Fort Valley State College wrestled with this problem for six years. First the college developed a list of objectives. These were set forth in detail. The college aimed at producing a person who was healthy, who was a good citizen, who could earn a living.
These were our aims; but still our teachers and students were accustomed only to those methods and measures of achievement based on subject matter. It is extremely difficult to develop a feeling in the mind of the student that it is important for him to practice being a good citizen, when the college asks of him only that he pass a course in political science which may or may not have any relationship to the practice of good citizenship. And for the teachers, too often the only thing that matters for them in measuring the progress of a student toward graduation is the accumulation of credit hours in this, that, and the other. The objectives, therefore, look good on paper, but students and teachers are caught up in the net of formal academic credit and lose sight utterly of the broader objectives of the college.
What, then, is needed? Manifestly, first, the formal recognition that the informal activities of life in a college, or in any other school, are educational in nature; and second, a device to measure these outof-school activities, and to elevate them to the dignity of classroom activities.
This the faculty of the Fort Valley State College has done; it
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has during the past year developed a machinery for evaluating out-of. class educational activities. This contribution is believed to be Fon' Valley's fundamental contribution to educational theory and prac~ . tice during the past six years.
GEORGIA STATE COLLEGE
SAVANNAH, GEORGIA
Georgia State College has forged ahead in its efforts to be of greatest possible service to all the people of Georgia. While it baa emphasized its job of resident teaching, it realizes that there is also a larger obligation and opportunity to serve people directly and indirectly in all parts of Georgia. Conferences, speeches, and rl!porta have been supplied wherever the request has come to us to serve. w~ have considered it a challenging opportunity to teach and guide men and women to more helpful and livable human relationship on the farms, in the shops, and in public life. We fully understand and appreciate the obligation and opportunity.
TEACHING PERSONNEL
We have endeavored to make uniform the personnel of the teaching staff as rapidly as funds were available to expect necessary changes. Many of the teachers who have from one to two yean graduate study to their credit have been provided opportunity to study. Several teachers are studying this summer. Others will study in the ensuing year. We have been successful in enlisting the services of several outstanding men and women for the year 1945-1946. These additions will materially strengthen all departments of the college.
It should be emphasized that we cannot hope to retain services of qualified men and women unless we are prepared to pay salaries equal to those of similar institutions. It is our plan to eventually head all divisions of the college with men and women who have at least two or more years of graduate study in their major fields. Good teaching is fundamental to a good institution. We shall continue to make it the goal of Georgia State College.
TECHNICAL EDUCATION
The postwar world will need the services of an increasingly large number of technically trained men and women. Already there
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is a demand for skilled men and women in the field of electricity, radio, automobile engineering, architectural designing, building, con~ struction, surveying, biochemistry, nutrition, laundering, steam fit~ ting, plumbing, painting, interior decorating, dairy manufacturing, soil conservation, landscape architecture, and health education. There will be an expanding opportunity in the fields listed above and in various other fields where trained minds and hands will be required.
DIVISION OF GENERAL EXTENSION
ATLANTA, GEORGIA
The academic standards of the university system are rigidly maintained at all times in the work of the division. Students doing extension work receive the same credit as do resident students for the same or equivalent work. One~fourth of the credit required for a degree in an institution of the university system may be obtained through the Division of General Extension.
If Congress should enact Senate Bill 1670 of the 78th Congress, probably to be re~introduced in the 79th Congress, ample funds would be made available for all general extension activities of the university system, and the work of the division could be greatly expanded and its benefits vastly extended.
PERSONNEL AND COURSES
On the instructional staff of the division there are six full~time representatives for the organization and instruction of extension classes. For some months now, three of the six members of the full~time teaching staff of the division have been in the armed services or engaged in work in support of the war effort, and are on leave of absence for the duration. In addition to their own work of teaching, the members of the full-time instructional staff of the division make contracts and organize extension classes which are instructed by members of the faculties of the university system. Fourteen part-time instructors have been employed during the past year.
Courses in a wide range of subjects have been given in extension classes in fifty communities. During the past year 969 students completed 1,722 courses in extension classes.
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CORRESPONDENCE COURSES
In addition to extension classes, 293 correspondence couraea have been offered by the members of the faculties of five seni colleges of the university system-four for white students and 0: for Negroes. A total of 2,814 students from all of the 159 counti in Georgia and from forty other states and one foreign coun:; were registered for 3, 363 correspondence courses.
A grand total of 3,782 individual students have been enrolled during the year 1944~45 as compared with 3,639 in 1943~44.
The Division of General Extension cooperates with the United States Armed Forces Institute in offering correspondence courses to men and women in the armed services at a reduced tuition rate. Under this plan the student pays one-half of the cost of tuition and text books and the government pays one~half. Enrollments to date under this plan number 484.
Non-credit reading courses have been provided for study groupa of the Georgia State Federation of Women's Clubs, Parent-Teacher Associations, and other local organizations.
AUDIO-VISUAL AIDS
Inaugurated in 1936, the Audio~Visual Aids Extension Service of the division continues to grow and now ranks high among the film library services of the country. The library contains 1,337 educational motion picture films, which were utilized by 566 schools and colleges in 37 states during the past year. There were 16,213 showings of these films to a total audience of 1,364,135.
GEORGIA EXPERIMENT STATION
EXPERIMENT, GEORGIA
Despite wartime restrictions the scope of the work of the Georgia Experiment Station has been broadened by the continued efforts of the original staff and by the new personnel obtained for special studies. The station has maintained its high standard of agricultural research by securing the services of well trained people and placing into their hands good equipment. There is yet a pressing need for more research on a number of agricultural problems not yet under~ taken. With increased personnel obtained during the year 1944~45,
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the station hopes to be of more assistance to the farmers of Georgia who are looking to research for guidance in their agricultural enterprises.
UNSOLVED PROBLEMS
While most of the nine active departments of the station were enlarged during the year, there are yet many unsolved problems needing attention. A person with training in forestry would be a valuable addition to the staff, as well as specialists in plant pathology, plant physiology, and fish and wild life. Other problems are to design and manufacture peanut shelling, grading and harvesting machinery; to work out better uses of the land of the piedmont section of Georgia; to develop woodshops and the clay industry; and to enlarge food processing, chemical, and poultry research.
SERVICE TO THE STATE
The station's contributions to the state have been continuous throughout the year. In cooperation with the State Vocational Department and Sears' Farmers' Market, a new study on growing cantaloupes was begun to help the farmer get his product on the market as early as possible without loss of plants and fruits. The station has worked with the Callaway plan in Georgia with a view to helping put the 100 farm units into profitable production. One staff member is devoting a large part of his time to this worthy undertaking. During the year the station has distributed in nearly every county of the state seeds of many new varieties of crops, including 60 tons Empire cotton, 50 bushels Cherokee sweet corn, 10 pounds Truhart Perfection pimientos, 2,000 bushels Lega and Leroy oats, 125 bushels Gatan soybeans, 1,200 bushels Sanford wheat, 8 tons new varieties of peanuts, 100 pounds Georgia Wilt Resistant watermelons, and 10 pounds African squash. A thousand muscadine grape vines and 20,000 sweet potato plants have also been distributed. This service has been a great help in improving the production of Georgia farms. In cooperation with the State Department of Agriculture the station has been designated as an agent for certification of seed grown from seedstock either originated by or produced under the supervision of the Georgia Experiment Station. This is a first step in the effort to develop the certification of planting seed in the state and the production of certified seed in the state.
The experiment station has pione'ered in the artificial insemination of dairy cattle. During the 1944-45 fiscal year 330 dairy
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cattle were bred by this method. The station also distributed to
in: farmers of the state 5 Hereford bulls, 2 rams, 109 head of cattle
and 300 head of hogs. Research work with pastures has been creased during the year to meet the demands of increased num.bera of livestock in the state.
Due to restricted travel the number of individual visitors to the station has been reduced. Organized groups sponsored by county agents, vocational teachers, Agricultural Adjustment Agency, Fann Security, and Soil Conservation Service workers have continued to
visit the station to see the work in operation. In addition, there has
been a decided increase in requests for information which waa supplied by letters and by the 56 annual reports, 240 bulletins, 147 circulars, 548 press bulletins, and numerous reprints and articles published by the station. The work of the station on food processing during the year has attracted so much interest that the information has been in demand not only in Georgia but also in other states. Within thirty days after a recent bulletin was published on the use of sulphur dioxide for preserving fruits and vegetables, commercial concerns in twenty-two states as well as the Dominion of Canada immediately showed interest in the results of the station's research.
GEORGIA COASTAL PLAIN EXPERIMENT STATION
TIFTON, GEORGIA
GENERAL
The Georgia Coastal Plain Experiment Station carries on agricultural research applicable to three-fifths of the farming area of the State of Georgia. Slightly over one-half of the farmers of the state live in this area and produce sixty per cent of the agricultural income of the state. Not only does this area produce all farm commodities common to the state, but also has enterprises dependent on farm products. Peanuts are largely a product of the coastal plain, and a greater part of the livestock, truck crops, and pecans are produced in this area.
Due to the diversity of enterprises, the climate, soil differences, and differences in plant diseases, the station must be a complete unit in order to serve adequately this large portion of the state.
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The major objective of the station is to increase the farm income of coastal plain farmers.
A second objective, which is closely allied to the first. is to aid in the winning of the war by research leading to increased yields of farm products.
Since the station is located in the heart of the Southeast, many of its findings are adapted to that section. This fact causes many of the federal agencies to set up cooperative projects with the station. These agencies include the bureau of plant industry. soils and agricultural engineering. the bureau of animal industry. the bureau of entomology and plant quarantine, and the forest service.
The extent to which the federal agencies cooperate is worthy of note. Of the thirty-three trained technicians at the station, sixteen are paid wholly by the federal government, and six secure the greater part of their salaries from federal funds. In figures. the federal government pays $71.182 of the salaries of the technicians, while the State of Georgia pays $36,840. The government also provides $36.482 for secretarial aid, labor, supplies. and materials. The total federal aid is $107,664, or approximately the same amount as the Georgia appropriation.
Agencies other than federal which cooperate with the station are the University of Georgia College of Agriculture, the Georgia Experiment Station, the Agricultural Extension Service, and others. This year a cooperative setup with the Payne Whitney estate of Thomasville. whereby seed stocks may be increased and promising practices tried on a large scale. has been initiated. This was brought about by the efforts of Mr. Ed Komarek, agricultural advisor of the estate.
DISSEMINATION OF INFORMATION
Hundreds of farmers and professional agricultural workers visited the station during the year. In cooperation with the Abraham Baldwin Agricultural College, the station has had all the county agents of south Georgia in for two meetings of two days each to study pertinent agricultural problems. County agents. Farm Security Administration supervisors. Soil Conservation supervisors, and Agricultural Adjustment Agency supervisors have brought interested farmers in groups. During the year the following bulletins have been published:
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No. 40-Twenty-fourth Annual Report No. 41-Hogging Off Crops in the Coastal Plain of Georgia
The following mimeographed papers have been mailed this year: No. 30--Control of Nematodes in Home Gardens No. 31-0at Varieties for South Georgia No. 32-Harvesting Sweet Potatoes for Storage and for
Dehydration No. 33-Tobacco Seed Treatment No. 34--Cotton Varieties for South Georgia Farms No. 35-Planting and Culture of Blueberries No. 36--Corn Varieties for General Planting in South Georgia No. 37-Kudzu No. 38-Hybrid Corn for the Georgia Coastal Plain No. 39-Recommendation for Preparing and Flaming
Seed Peanuts No. 40-Maximum Peanut Yields Dependent on Control of
Leaf Spot and Time of Digging
AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION SERVICE
ATHENS, GEORGIA
The principal objectives of the program of the Agricultural Extension Service during the current year are, first, to render every possible assistance to farm families throughout the state which will help them to make their maximum contribution to the war effort and, second, to assist them in making such adjustments as may be necessary in the conversion from a wartime agricultural economy to a peacetime agricultural economy. In this connection it is necessary to recognize that Georgia agriculture has undergone drastic readjustments during recent years and that further adjustments will be inevitable after the war. We have attempted to build our program for the current year with these facts as a background and are focusing our activities toward these objectives.
PERSONNEL
Sixty-five men who were employees of the Georgia Agricultural Extension Service are now serving in the armed forces of the United
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States. More than half of these men were reserve officers at the time they entered the armed service, and a majority of the others have been commissioned since induction. The ranks held by these commissioned officers who were formerly extension service employees range from that of second lieutenant to lieutenant colonel. Two former county agents have given their lives in the service of their country. Lieutenant John Daniel was killed in England on July 26, 1944, and Lieutenant David L. Mosely was killed in Germany on November 1, 1944.
The problem of securing competent replacements for the men now serving in the armed forces has been very difficult. Twenty. seven counties are now without the services of county agents, due to the fact that qualified personnel is not available. None of the positions held by specialists who entered the armed services has been filled.
ACTIVITIES
In addition to the normal program of assistance to farmers in the production and marketing of crops and livestock, the more important activities of this organization now under way may be summarized as follows:
( 1) Emergency food production, conservation and use program.
The Agricultural Extension Service has been designated by the United States Department of Agriculture as the official agency through which all educational aspects of the wartime agricultural production goals program shall be channeled. This assignment involved, in the early part of this year, the preparation of a production goals handbook for 1945 for distribution to all agricultural workers throughout the state.
As one indication of the accomplishments of this program already apparent, the official prospective plantings report of the United States Department of Agriculture indicates that the total acreage of food and feed crops in Georgia this year is within two percent of the acreage harvested in 1944. Thus, in spite of the smallest farm labor supply within this generation, Georgia's farm people expect to produce a food and feed crop virtually as large as the tremendous crops of the past four years.
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(2) Emergency farm labor program.
The Agricultural Extension Service, under Public Law No. 45 (78th Congress), was delegated the responsibility of, the recruitment and placement of intrastate farm labor to assist farmers in the attainment of production goals. The program is being conducted as a cooperative activity under the supervision of extension service personnel. This organization is working closely with all agencies, groups, and individuals in a position to render a contribution in carrying out the responsibility.
Indicative of the accomplishments of this program in 1944 are the following facts:
(a) A total of 70,000 volunteer workers was placed on Georgia farms to assist with farm operations. Of this number 25,060 were men, 14,444 were women, and 30,669 were youth.
(b) Some 23,000 individuals volunteered their assistance to farmers independent of the organized placement program but as the result of the educational program on farm labor.
(c) Not less than 7,600 farm workers were recruited and referred to counties other than their counties of residence within the state.
(d) An organized program for exchanging labor, machinery and equipment was conducted in 1,015 communities, and 47,841 farmers were given specific assistance in this way.
(e) This year fifteen labor camps for prisoners of war were established, with approximately 5,000 prisoners of war assigned principally to the cultivation and harvesting of essential food crops. Six hundred Bahamians were brought into the state and , located in the Manchester area to assist with the peach harvest. A Negro 4-H Club labor camp was established at Zebulon, where 200 Negro 4-H Club boys assisted in harvesting the Pike County peach crop. This camp was maintained for about thirty days. At Camp Fulton, a farm machinery training course was conducted through the month of June. Approximately 120 older 4-H Club boys were given special training in handling tractors and other farm machinery each week. A different group of boys was given training each week, and these groups came from all parts of the state.
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(3) Veterans' agricultural advisory assistant program.
Another specific responsibility delegated to the Agricultural Extension Service was the establishment of an organization to render advisory assistance to returning veterans and war workers desiring to become established in agriculture.
It is to the end that returning veterans and war workers be given the best advisory assistance available with reference to local opportunities and local limitations that a veterans' agricultural advisory committee has been organized in every county of the state. These committees have been established by local county agents, who serve as the committees' secretaries. The personnel of these committees is made up, for the most part, of leading farmers representing the various communities within each county. Local bankers and farm-minded business men also serve on these committees in most counties.
(4) Post-war agricultural planning.
The director of extension, is, by virtue of his office, a member of the Southeastern Regional Postwar Planning Committee of the United States Department of Agriculture. The United States Department of Agriculture has taken an active interest in the development of plans which will enable the nation's agriculture to convert from a wartime economy to a peacetime economy with the least possible shock, both to agriculture and to the nation as a whole. The country has been divided into regions for this purpose, and each regional committee has developed a regional postwar agricultural development program. These regional programs have been consolidated into a national program for postwar agricultural development.
(5) Home demonstration work.
Families are facing many new problems, and because of the home demonstration program, they are being assisted to adjust family living to present situations through this help. There is a definite increase in interest in home demonstration work, as indicated by increased attendance at demonstrations. Approximately forty per cent of the farm families in Georgia are represented in the home demonstration clubs and 4-H Clubs each month. These clubs are developing educational programs which are essential to a sound and prosperous home and community life.
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(6) 4-H Club work.
One of the principal objectives of 4-H Club work is the development of the character, citizenship, and leadership of its members. Indications so far this year are that the enrollment in 1945 will approximate 100,000. It is believed that the 4-H Club constitutes one of the most potent possibilities for the future development of this state. In this organization are a large number of the state's future leaders:
Here are some of the accomplishments of Georgia 4-H Club members as their part in helping to win the war: they have either bought or sold, since this country entered the war, over 34 million dollars worth of war bonds; they have produced on their own projects more than 21 million dollars worth of farm products (most of which was food); they have contributed the equivalent of more than 100,000 man days of labor on farms other than their own; and they have collected in excess of 17,000 tons of scrap rubber, scrap iron and paper in the various salvage campaigns. These young men and women are leaders now, and they will be leaders in local and state affairs within the next few years when leadership will be so badly needed.
(7) Short courses.
In order that extension personnel might have adequate preparation to face the problems of a changing agriculture and in order that county workers might be placed in better positions to hold short courses in their counties, a series of training courses was conducted during the early part of this year. The courses were designed to bring extension workers up-to-date information on the production and marketing of agricultural products.
Short courses in the production and marketing of small fruits and berries were conducted cooperatively at the Georgia Experiment Station on January 5-6, at the Georgia Coastal Plain Experiment Station on January 7- I 0, and at the University of Georgia College of Agriculture on January 31.
The Agricultural Extension Service assisted in carrying on short courses at the College of Agriculture and Georgia Coastal Plain Experiment Station on the production and marketing of livestock and livestock products, and the production and mar-
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keting of dairy products on January 23-25, and assisted with a soil conservation short course on February 1-2.
During February, March and April a series of short courses for county and home demonstration agents on the production and marketing of poultry and poultry products was held at forty-four points throughout the state. These training courses were conducted by the poultry specialists of the extension service . -in an effort to bring county extension workers the latest information on the economical production and marketing of poultry and poultry products which are now so important in the food production program. Immediately following this series of short courses, another series dealing specifically with egg grading and marketing was held.
A combination short course dealing with food conservation and the farm labor program was held for Negro extension workers on May 9-10 at the Fort Valley State College, Fort Valley, Georgia.
Two series of short courses were conducted in the interest of 4-H Club work. One of these series was devoted to training in 4-H Club work for county extension workers and county 4-H Club advisors. Assistance in conducting this series of training courses was rendered by Dr. Erwin H. Shinn, of the federal extension service. The other series of 4-H Club short courses was held specifically for county agents. These were one-day short courses which included a discussion of the entire 4-H Club program.
A short course devoted exclusively to the training of home demonstration agents was held at Athens in December, 1944.
In order that the extension service may be in a position to give guidance and assistance in the important and rapidly expanding frozen food program, a freezer locker short course was conducted at Douglas on June 26-28. The corps of instructors secured for this short course consisted of the best authorities on this subject from Washington, from the Tennessee Valley Authority, from research institutions, and from the commercial freezer locker trade. County agents and home demonstration agents and freezer. locker operators in counties now having freezer lockers or in counties where such plants are in process of construction were invited to this short course. Approximately ninety-five persons, the great majority of whom were county extension workers, attended this course.
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Additional short courses for county agents have already been scheduled during the next few months. This schedule includes farm machinery training courses to be held on August 14-17 and August 28-31. Tentative dates during October have also been selected for conducting a farm-crops short course for county agents.
In addition to the short courses which were held for county workers, a series of short courses was also conducted for the benefit of the members of the state staff. These courses were conducted by a representative of the United States Department of Agriculture and included job instruction. job methods, and job relations. It is believed that this series of courses will prove of much benefit to state extension workers in carrying on their work.
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