Annual report for 1943-1944 by the regents of the University System of Georgia to his excellency honorable Ellis Arnall governor [June 30, 1944]

~UAL REPORT
~ om the REGENTS of the
UNIVERSITY SYSTEM OF GEORGIA
TO HIS EXCELLENCY
.HONORABLE ELLIS ARNALL
Governor

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ANNUAL REPORT
FOR
1943-1944
BY REGENTS OF THE
UNIVERSITY SYSTEM OF GEORGIA
TO HIS EXCELLENCY
HONORABLE ELLIS ARNALL
GOVERNOR JUNE 30, 1944
==========================

REGENTS OF THE

UNIVERSITY SYSl"EM OF GEORGIA
STATE CAPITOL, ATLANTA OFFICE OF CHAIRMAN

Honorable Ellis Arnall

June 30, 1944

Governor of Georgia
Atlanta, Georgia
Dear Governor Arnall:
Pursuant to law the Board of Regents of the University System of Georgia, through the undersigned as chairman, submits to you an annual report.
As a part of this report we submit to you the chancellor's annual report to the Board of Regents covering a great many matters which we are not undertaking to cover in detail in our report. We ask care~ ful consideration of the report of the chancellor by all those inter~ ested in higher education in Georgia.

REGENTS AND INSTITUTIONS

The following is a statement of the present Board of Regents, together with their horne addresses and terms of office; the personnel of the various committees of the board and the officers of the board; the name, head, location, and type of each unit in the university system:

District

Regent

Address

State at Large-Marion Smith_____________________________________________Atlanta

January I, 1943-January I, 1946

State at Large-Cason J. Callaway____________________________________Hamilton

January 1, 1943-January 1, 1950

State at Large-Frank M. Spratlin________________________________________Atlanta

January 1, 1943-January 1, 1946

State at Large-Earl B. BraswelL__________________________________________Athens

January 1, 1943-January I, 1949

State at Large-Pope F. Brock______________________________________________Atlanta

January 1, 1943-January I, 1948

3

First-J. L. Renfroe__________________________________________________________statesbora
January 1, 1943:-January 1, 1948
Second-Edward R. Jerger--------------------------------------------Thomasville January 1, 1943-January 1, 1947
Third-George C. Woodruff____________________________________________Columbus
January 1, 1944-January 1, 1951 Fourth-C. J. Smith____________________________________________________________Newnan
January 1, 1943-January 1, 1949 Fifth-Rutherford L. Ellis____________________________________________________Atlanta
January 1, 1943-January 1, 1947 Sixth-Miller R. BelL__________________________________________________Milledgeville
January 1, 1943-January 1, 1950 Seventh-Roy N. Emmet, Sr.__________________________________________Cedartown
January 1, 1943-January 1, 1945 Eighth-S. Price Gilbert____________________________________________________Sea Island
January 1, 1943-January 1, 1950
Ninth-Sandy Beaver -----------------------------------------------------Gainesville January 1, 1943-January 1, 1945
Tenth-William S. Morris__________________________________________________Augusta
January l, 1944-January 1, 1951

STANDING COMMITTEES OF THE BOARD OF REGENTS

EDUCATION
Sandy Beaver, chairman Pope F. Brock Rutherford L. Ellis S. Price Gilbert
ORGANIZATION AND LAW
S. Price Gilbert, chairman Pope F. Brock, vice-chairman J. L. Renfroe Marion Smith
VISITATION
Earl B. Braswell, chairman Edward R. Jerger RoyN. Emmet

FINANCE
George C. Woodruff, chairman Miller R. Bell, vice-chairman Roy N. Emmet C. J. Smith Frank M. Spratlin
AGRICULTURE
Cason J. Callaway, chairman Roy N. Emmet Edward R. Jerger William S. Morris C. J. Smith

The chairman of the Board of Regents and the chancellor of the university system are ex-officio members of each committee.

4

OFFICERS OF THE REGENTS
Chairman____________.:_c--------~---~------Marion Smith Vice-Chairman ____________________________Sandy Beaver
Chancellor___________________________________s. V. Sanford
Secretary______________________________________L. R. Siebert Treasurer_____________________________W. Wilson Noyes
UNITS IN THE SYSTEM
The system consists of the following institutions, coordinated in that part of the educational work of the state which is committed to the administration of the regents:
Senior Institutions
1. The University of Georgia, Athens. 2. Georgia School of Technology, Atlanta. 3. Georgia State College for Women, Milledgeville. 4. Georgia State Womans College, Valdosta. 5. Georgia Teachers College, Statesboro. 6. University of Georgia School of Medicine, Augusta.
Junior Colleges
1. North Georgia College, Dahlonega. 2. West Georgia College, Carrollton. 3. Georgia Southwestern College, Americus. 4. Middle Georgia College, Cochran. 5. South Georgia College, Douglas. 6. Abraham Baldwin Agricultural College, Tifton. 7. Atlanta Junior College, Atlanta.
Experiment Stations
1. Georgia Experiment Station, Experiment. 2. Coastal Plain Experiment Station, Tifton. 3. Engineering Experiment Station of the Georgia School
of Technology.
In addition to the foregoing institutions the regents have set up a department of adult education which operates two divisions: (a) the Georgia Evening College, and (b) the Division of General Extension, both in Atlanta. The Georgia Evening College gives credit for work done by its students both in junior and senior curricula.
5

Negro Colleges 1. Georgia State CG-llege, Savannah. 2. Albany State College, Albany. 3. Fort Valley State College, Fort Valley.

Heads of Units

The university system is now composed of nineteen units. The units, locations, and heads are as follows:

LOCATION
Albany Americus Athens Athens

INSTITUTION

HEAD

Albany State College_______________________Aaron Brown, President

Georgia Southwestern College____________Peyton Jacob, President

University of Georgia_______________Harmon W. Caldwell, President

Agricultural Extension Service______________________________________________Walter S. Brown, Director

Atlanta

Georgia School of Technology_____Blake R. Van Leer, President

Atlanta

Division of General Extension_____________J, C. Wardlaw, Director 223 Walton Street, N. W. .

Atlanta

University System Center____________George M. Sparks, Director 162 Luckie Street, N. W.

Atlanta Junior College

Georgia Evening College

Augusta Carrollton

University of Georgia School of Medicine G. Lombard Kelly, Dean
West Georgia College_______________________________J. S. Ingram, President

Cochran Dahlonega Douglas

Middle Georgia College____________________Leo H. Browning, President North Georgia College____________________J, C. Rogers, President South Georgia College___________________________J, M. Thrash, President

Experiment Georgia Experiment Station___________________H, P. Stuckey, Director Fort Valley Fort Valley State College_______________________H, M. Bond, President

Milledgeville Georgia State College for Women________Guy H. Wells, President

Savannah Georgia State College________________________Benj. F. Hubert, President

Statesboro Georgia Teachers College____________Marvin S. Pittman, President

Tifton

Abraham Baldwin Agricultural College and Ga. Coastal Plain Experiment Station....Geo. H. King, Director

Valdosta

Georgia State Womans College_______Frank R. Reade, President

6

MAJOR OBJECTIVES OF THE BOARD OF REGENTS
Upon taking office with the pre';ent administration the Board of Regents faced an immediate crisis on account of the loss of accredited standing at the various institutions. This crisis has happily been overcome. The details with respect thereto were covered in our last annual report. It constituted the first major objective of the board.
The second major objective was necessarily involved in the war crisis that faced all educational institutions. This crisis presented two aspects: first, and foremost, the duty to make the facilities of the university system available to the nation's war needs so that the l;lniversity system would render the greatest service possible in winning the war; and second, to make the necessary financial arrangements to maintain the university system intact and free of debt, notwithstanding the difficulties and dislocations caused by the war.
We believe these two objectives have been attained. The details of the services which our institutions have rendered to the national government in connection with the war effort have heretofore been covered in reports and are this year covered in the chancellor's report to which reference is made. We believe we can fairly claim that our institutions have been of great service to the nation in the crisis brought on by the war.
WAR INCREASED OUR FINANCIAL BURDEN
War conditions have, of course, enormously increased our financial burdens. It is unfortunately true that, normally, more of the funds used to maintain the institutions of the system are obtained from student fees than from appropriations by the state. This has been true because appropriations have been below the general level appropriated by other states to similar institutions. With the great drop in attendance in all institutions due to war conditions there has been an enormous shrinkage in the revenue from student fees. Revenue from the federal government because of war services has in part met this deficit. The balance of the deficit has been met by great reduction in the number of faculty members actively on the payroll and . by rigid economies. In most instances we have been able to reduce the faculty membership without permanently severing the connection with those taken off the payroll. This has been done by granting leaves of absence to enter the Army or Navy, or to enter the service of the government in some of its enlarged war agencies. Fortunately,. therefore, we can count on the return of most of these faculty mem-
7

hers when the war has ended and the attendance at the institutions has returned to normal. We undoubtedly will need many others because all who have studied the sitd"ation believe that the attendance at educational institutions after the war will be greatly increased over the :figure at the time the war began.
It must be understood, however, that many of our expenses could not be decreased even though attendance decreased. Maintenance of plant, insurance on plant, and general overhead in administration are more or less :fixed items. An effort to reduce them temporarily would in the long run have involved losses far beyond the savings. If we had felt that permanent attendance would be on a lower basis we could, of course, have pursued a different policy. We do not, however, feel this to be the case. On the contrary, we are convinced that we must be prepared for a greatly enlarged attendance when hostilities have ceased, and all temporary programs were necessarily conducted with this outlook in mind.
Fortunately, we are able to report that in spite of these difficulties the system has, as usual. been completely free from debt and that we have stayed within approved budgets.
STUDY OF FINANCIAL NEEDS
The board now regards as its next major objective a broad reexamination of the entire system with a view to seeing that it is rendering, and will continue to render, the best service to the people of this state which is possible for a system of higher education to render. An essential part of such a re-examination involves a study of :financial needs and problems. The first step. however, is a survey of the system itself, and to this attention is invited.
SURVEY AND RESURVEY OF THE UNIVERSITY SYSTEM
The legislature of the State of Georgia on August 28, 193 I. passed the law creating the Board of Regents. This law became effective on January I. 19 32, and the :first meeting of the Board of Regents was held on that day.
The board at that time felt that if it was to do the work planned for it by the law passed by the state legislature it would be necessary to receive the advice and assistance of outstanding educators. As a result an application was made to the General Education Board who gave to the Board of Regents the sum of $20,000 with which to
8

finance a survey of the system. The Board of Regents employed Dr. George A. Works to direct this survey, and he called to his assiatance a number of prominent educators:"' They studied the university system and made a written report of their recommendations. To those interested we strongly recommend the reading of the first survey report. Among other things, the recommendations in this survey resulted in the removal of the duplication of courses and the consolidation of the twenty-six institutions into the present university system of sixteen educational units and two agricultural experiment stations.
The first survey report contributed so much toward the success of the university system that in 1940 the Board of Regents applied to the General Education Board for another grant of funds for a resurvey of the system. For this purpose that organization gave $22,000. Dr. Works, director of the first survey was again employed. His study bas been completed and published. We shall deal with this resurvey in another part of this report, but to those interested we strongly recommend that they read it.
The Board of Regents wishes to convey its appreciation to the General Education Board for the generous gift which made this survey possible.
The board also wishes to convey its appreciation to Dr. George A. Works and the specialists who so ably assisted him in this work.
The original survey was responsible, in large measure, for much of the progress made by the university system in the past ten years, and the board anticipates even more progress to result from the second report.
The Board of Regents hopes that future boards will follow the procedure of having periodic inventories made of the university system. The board bas endeavored at all times to be open-minded about carrying out the objectives given to it by the law of the State of Georgia, and it gladly receives the recommendations of responsible educators of the caliber of those who have participated in these surveys.
Conclusions of the Resurvey Committee
From an educational standpoint the final conclusion of the resurvey is that the most pressing needs of the university system are:
( 1) Increased salaries for faculty members.
The survey points out that our salary schedule has been so much below that of other comparable institutions in the Southeast
9

that unless some relief was granted in this respect we would be faced with a steady loss of our able men and women. Fortunately Governor Arnall has been able to give-budgetary approval to a moderate increase in our salary schedule since this survey was made. It is recognized, however, that further relief must be given.
(2) Similarly, an increase in administrative salaries will be necessary.
( 3) Increase in the amount available for graduate instruction.
Far more young men and women of this state go out of the state for graduate work than take such work in Georgia. This is not from choice on their part, but from necessity. Looked at from any standpoint it represents a loss of valuable human material for Georgia because so many of our most promising men and women settle permanently outside of the state as a result of connections formed while taking graduate work away from here. All of the expenses of their preliminary education have been borne by Georgia for the benefit of other sections. The only possible way to prevent this is for us to give adequate graduate training in our own institutions. It must be borne in mind that successful graduate work must be coordinated with research. This is a statement that would gain the ready acceptance of every experienced educator. Indeed, it is not too much to say that there is no institution in America really succeeding in its graduate work that is not also doing a reasonably adequate amount of research. As a part of the graduate program, therefore, we must also build up a research program at the University of Georgia and an engineering research program at the Georgia School of Technology.
(4) An increase in the staff of the central office.
In one respect this has been met by the governor's budgetary approval. but we have not been able to meet the recommendations of the resurvey. Expenditures here are, in reality, economies, because an adequate staff in the central office can save many times its cost in the administration of the entire system; but when finances are as restricted as the finances of the Board of Regents have been it is not possible to set up such a staff even though in the long run it means econom1es.
(5) Improvement in educational facilities available for Negroes in the university system.
This is not only a moral duty resting on the state; it is, under recent decisions of the Supreme Court of the United States, a legal
10

necessity. The Constitution of Georgia properly and wisely provides that there shall never be co-~ducation 2f whites and Negroes in any public institution in Georgia. This is a policy that our people will always follow. It is a correct policy for this state, but it carries with it also the duty of furnishing substantially the same educational facilities to Negroes in their separate institutions.
The foregoing is a very brief sketch of some of the conclusions reached by the resurvey. Copies of this resurvey have been printed and are available. Anyone interested in education in Georgia would find a copy interesting and instructive. So long as the copies last they will be made available by the regents' central office.
AGRICULTURAL AND INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT
While not specifically dealt with by this resurvey, which was largely confined to the educational institutions themselves, the board has been giving the most serious thought to what the university system of this state can do toward improving agriculture and industry in Georgia. Governor Arnall has made the advancement of agriculture and industry of the state a major objective of his administration and, as is known throughout Georgia, has created the Agricultural and Industrial Development Board which offers possibilities for rendering services to Georgia which will be historical. Every facility of the university system is being made available to this board. In addition thereto the board has appointed a special committee whose function is to direct the cooperation of the facilities of the system with the Agricultural and Industrial Development Board created by the governor. This committee consists of Regents S. Price Gilbert, chairman, William S. Morris, vice-chairman, C. J. Smith, Chancellor S. V. Sanford, and Director Walter S. Brown, and Chairman Marion Smith, ex-officio.
The university system is also actively at work upon a permanent program of service to agriculture and industry. On the agricultural aspect of the work, a standing committee of the Board of Regents has been created, of which Regent Cason J. Callaway is chairman, the membership of which is set out in an earlier part of this report. It is not possible within the scope of this report to summarize what this committee is undertaking to do. We can only state that it goes far beyond classroom work in the colleges and plans to carry the services of the university system in the field of agriculture out into the state as a whole as well as to develop an intensive course on the campuses
11

of the university system. We believe the committee is building on

firm foundations and is making great progress in its work for agri-

culture in this state.

-

The Georgia School of Technology in its field of engineering and industrial development is planning to increase greatly its services to the state. While the economy of Georgia rests fundamentally upon agriculture and must rest there for many years, nevertheless, it is obvious that no economy can be sound that does not also contain a reasonable balance of industry. Agriculture alone is not sufficient.

It is gratifying to note the rapid industrial development that has taken place in Georgia in the last two decades, so that today there is in Georgia almost a fifty-fifty program. Let us hope the day is near when our industrial development will exceed greatly our basic agricultural economy. We should no longer be a state that produces the raw material. but a state that produces finished products.

We believe the Georgia School of Technology has a great part to play for Georgia in this industrial development and we believe its new president, Colonel BlakeR. Van Leer, can be relied upon to do everything possible to have that institution render this service to our people.

PUBLIC SCHOOL TEACHER SHORTAGE
Never in the history of the public school has there been such a shortage of teachers and trained personnel. Last year 7700 classrooms closed in the nation because no kind of teacher could be secured (U. S. Department of Ed. Report). Many public schools in Georgia have had difficulty in keeping the doors open even with war emergency permits for the nation in 1943 was double that issued in 1942 (U. S. Department of Education).
For the most part, teachers have quit the classroom for better paying positions in industry, defense work, and government positions. More have married and started families than in normal times. The normal supply of teachers has been reduced by a national reduction in college enrollment of 44 percent. At the same time, population statistics show an increase in birth rate which will soon add additional burdens in public schools.
No shortage affects the culture of our state immediately or as permanently as does this teacher shortage. It is safe to say there will be more than double the normal responsibility of teacher training
12

institutions during the next decade to supply adequate teacher personnel to the public schools. This ts a responsibility the university system dare not neglect.
FINANCES
Any broad survey or examination of the system of higher education in Georgia inevitably brings us to the question of finances. Now is the time, we believe, to lay the facts in this respect before the people, and we take the means of this report to the governor to set forth briefly the essential facts.
For many years Georgia has been spending for higher educa-
tion of her young people less per stude'nt than is spent by any other
Southeastern state. We, of course, recognize that it is perfectly futile to compare our expenditures with those of other sections with greater wealth. For example, to compare Georgia's expenditures at the University of Georgia with the expenditures at Harvard or the Georgia School of Technology with the Massachusetts Institute of Technology would show that Harvard and M.I.T. were spending far more for each student than the University of Georgia and Georgia Tech are spending, but the conclusion would have no real meaning because we would know at the same time that it was impossible for Georgia to meet that standard of expenditure. The really enlightening comparison is a comparison with what other Southeastern states with about the same per capita wealth as Georgia are spending in their state institutions.
When the board realized the extent of urgent needs for funds that was pressing upon our institutions we raised this question: Is this tremendous financial pressure on us due to bad management on our part, or it is due to the fact that we are not getting as much to spend as the trustees of state institutions in other Southeastern states find available to them? The question was one of vital importance because if the answer were found to be that we were getting an amount equivalent to that spent at other Southeastern institutions, then our financial difficulties could be attributed to our own mismanagement. If, on the other hand, it developed that we were not getting a comparable appropriation, then the only thing we could do would be to lay these facts before the people of Georgia and let them determine what kind of institutions of higher education this state desires and is willing to support.
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We have, therefore, had a careful study made on this subject. To be sure the information was accurate we have detailed Dr. Frank R. Reade, president of the Georgia State Womans College at Valdosta, for a period of several weeks to compile the data from original sources of information, check it with institutions in other states, digest the data, and present it to the board in condensed form.* We are now able to state without qualification that the state of Georgia has been spending and is spending materially less on each of its students in institutions of higher education than is spent by the other states in the Southeast. A few condensed tables will make this clear. It must be understood in connection with these tables that the comparison must be by institutions rather than by systems because Georgia is the only state in which the entire work of higher education is combined into one system. We believe that it is because of this combination that this state has been able to do as well as it has done in spite of its lower appropriation. Our comparisons are based on the collegiate year 1939-40 because that is the last year before the impact of the war distorted conditions. This impact has been uneven. Some institutions in some states suffered more than others. The only real, instructive comparison, therefore, is to take the last year before the war conditions began to operate. Table No. 1 presents such a comparison with other state universities.

Dr. Guy H. Wells, president of the G.S.C.W., has also given much time and study to this subject. The information submitted by him has been of much value to us.

TABLE 1
Student per capita cost to the state in eleven state univers1t1es accredited by the Southern Association. For the year 1939-40, as the last full session uninterrupted by the war. Summer sessions are not included.

STATE UNIVERSITIES-1939-40

Number of

Institution

Students

State Funds

ALABAMA --------------------------- 5,503

$ 675,010

FLORIDA ------------------------------- 3,456

980,000

GEORGIA ------------------------------ 3,289

382,381

KENTUCKY ----------------------- 3,807

1,193,000

LOUISIANA -------------------------- 8,426

4,087,781

MISSISSIPPI ______________________Insufficient data

NORTH CAROLINA ____________ 3,528

705,474

SOUTH CAROLINA ------------ 2,051

301,025

TENNESSEE ----------------------- 5,730

750,000

TEXAS ----------------------------------- 11,078

1,807,400

VIRGINIA ---------------------------- 2,856

424,755

Per Capita
Cost
$122 271 116 313 485
200 146 131 163 148

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It will be observed that the state of Georgia not only spent less per capita than any other Southeastern state on its university, but it spent very much less. The expenditure-of state funds per student at the University of Georgia was $116. The next lowest state institution was Alabama with $122. From this, the :figures rise to the highest in Louisiana State University of $485.
Table No. 2 is a similar comparison with respect to technical schools.

TABLE 2

A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF HIGHER EDUCATION IN THE
SOUTHEASTERN STATES

Student per capita cost to the state in technical schools. Only seven schools have reported. (All accredited by Southern Association.)
Per capita cost

Institution

1939-40

Alabama Polytechnic Institute__________________________________$ I 00

Georgia School of Technology__________________________________ 90

Louisiana Polytechnic Institute_______________________________ 227

North Carolina State College of Agriculture and Engineering ----------------------------------------------- 148
Tennessee Polytechnic Institute________________________________ 13 6
Agricultural and Mechanical College of Texas____________ 160 Texas Technological College___________________________________ 144

Here again the expenditure by the state of Georgia was the lowest, and was very much lower than the average. Georgia spent per student for higher technical education, $90. Alabama again is the next lowest. but their expenditure was $1 00 per student, and while this is only $10 more per student it is slightly more than 10 percent, which makes a tremendous difference. The jump upward from Alabama is. however, great. The next lowest is Tennessee with $136 per student, 50 percent more than is spent by Georgia. All of the other Southeastern states reported here were higher than Georgia. Alabama, and Tennessee.

15

Table No. 3 is a similar comparison with respect to teachers' colleges.

TABLE 3

Per capita cost to the state in 14 state teachers' colleges in eight states. (All accredited by Southern Association.)

Per capita cost

State Teachers' College

1939-40

Alabama (average of 3) --------------------------------------------$176

Georgia -------------------------------------------------------------------- 100 Kentucky (average of 2) _____________:____________________________ 203

Louisiana ---------------------------------------------------------------- 241 Mississippi -------------------------------------------------------------- 155 North Carolina -------------------------------------------------------- 131 Tennessee --------------------------------------------------------------- 107 Texas (average of 4) ------------------------------------------------ 141

Here again Georgia is low with an expenditure of $1 00 per student. The next lowest in this instance is Tennessee with $107 per student. Alabama, which had been next lowest to Georgia so far as the university and the technical college were concerned appears to have been much more liberal in its teacher training, because its expenditure was $17 6 per student which is $7 6 more than was spent by the state of Georgia in its teachers college.

Table No. 4 is a similar study of expenditures by the Southeastern states in their colleges for women.

TABLE 4

Per capita cost to the state in colleges for women. These are large colleges, state-supported, accredited by the Southern Association.

Per capita cost

State Colleges for Women

1939-40

Georgia --------------------------------------------------------------------$ 85

Florida -------------------------------------------------------------------- 315

Mississippi -------------------------------------------------------------- 127

North Carolina -------------------------------------------------------- 13 0

Texas --------------------------------------------------------------------- 175

16

As might be expected from the previous tables, Georgia's is again the low figure. In this .instance, Q..owever, it is so far below any other Southeastern state as to be startling. The expenditure by Georgia for each student in the womans college at Milledgeville was $85. The next lowest was Mississippi with $127, and the highest was Florida with $315, nearly four times as much per student as Georgia was spending on a similar institution.
Generally with regard to these tables it should be added that Dr. Reade informs us that the states omitted in the comparison were omitted because insufficient data was available in spite of earnest efforts on his part. Dr. Reade has also made some studies of expenditures per capita under war conditions. It would unduly expand this report with tables to go further into the matter. The data is, however, available in our office to anyone interested in pursuing the subject further. In general it may be said that the cost per student in all institutions increased during the war because while appropriations did not increase the number of students decreased and the mathematical result of this is to cause an increase in cost per student when the appropriation is divided by a fewer number of students. In general it should be said, however, that Georgia is still spending less than the other Southeastern states. All of them have, of course, been faced by the same problems due to the war in relation to their finances which we have pointed out earlier in this report.
The real point to be considered, however, is the expenditure of these funds independently of war conditions because the thing in which we are deeply interested is the basis on which we may operate when this war has ended; hence the studies. to which we ask especial attention are the studies of the last year before the war intervened.
It has not been possible to get data to compare with the cost per student in our junior colleges. We are quite certain, however, that the economies there are so great that the disproportion would be even greater if the data were available. The data we do have available are for the four major institutions in each state; namely, the university, the technical school, the teachers college, and the womans college.
CONCLUSIONS FROM FINANCIAL DATA
From the foregoing tables the following computation can be easily made: If Georgia had made available to its university, its technical school, its teachers college and its womans college in the
17

scholastic year 1939-40 the same amount per student as the average of the Southeastern states, it would have increased the appropriation to the university system by $668';'555 for that year. In the entire university system, however, there were 13,653 students. To have allocated funds to all of these institutions on the basis of the average of other Southeastern state institutions as shown by this study, would have necessitated an increase in the appropriation of $1.177,147, plus whatever amount out of the appropriation the university system spends for agricultural extension service and experiment stations. The amounts last named must be added to equalize the :figure with other Southeastern states, because the studies we have given include only the amounts spent in their colleges. In addition thereto, other states appropriate separately for their agricultural extension work and for their experiment stations. In the current year we will spend on agricultural extension service and experiment stations the sum of $417,228. Thus if we take the appropriation to the university system of $1,800,000 and add to it the amount necessary to bring it up to the average per student of the Southeastern states generally, namely, $1,177,147, and add to it the amount spent out of our appropriation for agricultural extension service and experiment stations of $417,228, it is clear that to make our annual appropriation for the university system as a whole equal to the average expenditure per student in higher education in the Southeastern states would require an annual appropriation to the university system of $3,394,375.
RIGID ECONOMIES
These are the simple figures on a comparison between Georgia and other Southeastern states. They raise the question as to how we have been able to operate at all. We feel justified in saying there have been rigid economies. We know there are many things that ought to have been done that have not been done. We know great opportunities have been missed and are now forever lost so far as the students then passing through the institutions are concerned. In the final analysis, however, it may be said that there are only two places from which this difference could be made up: (I) Out of the faculties by paying them less than was paid elsewhere; and (2) out of the students by giving them less satisfactory opportunities or by charging them higher fees than the opportunities actually given justify. The university system cannot continue to operate on this basis except at the expense of its faculties and its students. In the last analysis it is for the state of Georgia to determine what .it wishes us to do. It is our function to present the facts.
18

ADEQUATE EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES We have, however, no doubt about the fact that this state is determined to have an adequate system of education for its people. The great advances made by the state in the support of its public school system evidences this fact. In the increased support of these schools all of us can take great satisfaction. As we have heretofore pointed out in other reports, there is only one task of public administration in Georgia and the state should consider it as a whole. That is the task of providing adequate educational facilities for all of its young people as far as they may care to pursue their educational courses. A table showing the appropriation to public schools and to higher education has been compiled by Auditor Thrasher, beginning with 1932 and running through June 30, 1944, and follows:
19

NET APPROPRIATIONS PAYABLE IN CASH EACH YEAR

(After adjustments because of insufficient revenue or by special allotment)

Furnished by the Auditor of the State of Georgia

Public Schools Prior to

University System Prior to

Year

Current Year

1932**

Total

Current Year 1932**

Total

In 1932 -------------------------------------$ 6,370,617.85 $ 792,254.78 $ 7,162,872.63 $ 1,685,697.50 $233,771.00 $ 1,919,468.50

In 1933 -------------------------------------------- 5,602,117.84 475,827.91

6,077,945.75 1,336,930.00 83,330.45 1,420,260.45

In 1934 ---------------------------------------------- 6,154,374.98

6,154,374.98 1,178,560.45 ------------------ 1,178,560.45

In 1935 --------------------------------------------- 7,283,051.62 2,754,542.35 10,037,593.97 1,387,500.00 150,000.00 1,537,500.00

In 1936 --------------------------------------------- 7,537,205.29

7,537,205.29 1,297,500.00 167,126.48 1,464,626.48

In 1937 a year to 6-30-37_______________ 4,595,824.06

4,595,824.06

666,666.66 ----------------

666,666.66

N 0

In year ended June 30, 1938_________ 13,833,057.86 In year ended June 30, 1939____________ 11,645,280.34

13,833,057.86 11,645,280.34

1,495,200.00 ---------------1,368,000.00 ------------------

1,495,~00.00
1,368, 00.00

In year ended June 30, 1940__________ 14,905,959.76

14,905,959.76 1,772,500.00 ------------------ 1,772,500.00

In year ended June 30, 194L_________ 20,303,120.17*

20,303,120.17* 1,593,443.11 --------------- 1,593,443.11

In year ended June 30, 1942___________ 15,506,400.00

15,506,400.00 1,907,993.52 ----------------- 1,907,993.52

In year ended June 30, 1943____________ 18,893,893.05

18,893,893.05 2,202,267.79 ---------------- 2,202,267.79

In year ended June 30, 1944____________ 17,995,210.50

17,995,210.50 2,158,707.30 ----------------- 2,158,707.30

$150,626,113.32 $4,022,625.04 $154,648,738.36 $20,050,966.33 $634,227.93 $20,685,194.26 *Includes $3,921,548.14 for the year ended June 30, 1939. **Amounts accrued prior to 1932 paid during year indicated.

STATE EDUCATION FUNDS
We note with great satisfaction dlat the funds given annually by the state to the public schools increased during this period from $7,162,872.63 to $17,995,210.50. Stated in terms of percentage this is an increase in the annual support of public schools of 151 percent.
Unfortunately the increase in the support of the university system during the same period was so slight as to amount to very little -indeed, nothing in proportion to the increased burdens carried by the system. During this period the funds given by the state to the university system increased from $1.919,468.50 to $2,158,707.30. This is an increase in the annual support of the university system of only 12.5 percent as contrasted with the increased annual support of the public schools of 151 percent.
We recognize fully the wisdom in the policy of providing first for the more urgent needs of the public schools. They are basic in the educational structure in the state and nothing should be allowed to interfere with their adequate support. Wo do not by any means suggest that the state has adequately met their needs. We do point out, however, that we have certainly reached the time when some further provision must be made for the University System of Georgia if it is at all to keep pace with the educational development of the state. Indeed, the improvement in the support of the public schools itself adds to the numbers going to higher institutions of learning and increases the need for appropriations for those institutions.
ANNUAL APPROPRIATION
-What do we consider should be provided annually at the present time by the state for the university system? Our answer to this is that the State of Georgia cannot afford to do less than the average of other Southeastern states nor can we under present conditions fairly ask for more. What has heretofore been said in connection with the tables shows that it would take an annual appropriation of not less than $3,400,000 to bring the State of Georgia's support of its institutions of higher education to the average per capita support of similar institutions by other Southeastern states. The state cannot afford to do less than this. Far larger funds could, of course. be used to great advantage, but as citizens of Georgia we do not feel that we should make exorbitant or unreasonable requests, but should always bear in mind the many other needs this state is facing. It is only after a care-
21

ful study indicated by this report that we have felt that we should not let our request go b~low this _!gure. If we had looked only to our needs, if larger means were available to us, we would have suggested a much larger figure.
BRITTAIN ELECTED PRESIDENT-EMERITUS OF GEORGIA SCHOOL OF TECHNOLOGY
On February 16, 1944, Dr. M. L. Brittain was elected presidentemeritus of the Georgia School of Technology, effective July l, 1944.
To Dr. Brittain the Board of Regents expresses grateful appreciation for the twenty-two years of faithful and constructive service which he gave to the Georgia School of Technology as president of that institution.
He is a graduate of Emory University, a graduate student of the University of Chicago, and successively superintendent of Fulton County Schools, state superintendent of education, member of board of visitors to the United States Naval Academy, member of United States Prison Board, and since 1922, president of the Georgia School of Technology.
Dr. Brittain's life and services have won for him the deep affection and unbounded confidence of students, alumni, and colleagues, as well as that of the whole people of Georgia. His contributions to education in our state are of lasting value.
VAN LEER ELECTED PRESIDENT OF GEORGIA SCHOOL OF TECHNOLOGY
On February 16, 1944, the Board of Regents elected Colonel BlakeR. Van Leer as president of the Georgia School of Technology, effective July l, 1944.
Colonel Van Leer is a native Texan. He has received degrees from Purdue University-B.S. in E.E., 1915; University of California-M.S. in M.E., 1920; Purdue University-M.E., 1922; University of Caen, France, 1919 (certificate) ; attended University of Munich, Germany, 1928; was awarded Freeman Traveling Scholarship for Study of Hydraulics in Europe by American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 19 27-2 8; and honorary degree-Doctor of Science-from Washington ~ Jefferson College in Pennsylvania in 1943. At the time of his election by the board he was dean of the
22

North Carolina State University, on leave of absence as Colonel (G.S.C.) Chief of Facilities Branch, Army Specialized Training Di~ vision, Army Service Forces: as A.S.T:-D. Liaison Officer with Mili~ tary Personnel Division.
President Van Leer has been assured of the full cooperation of the Board of Regents in his endeavor to make the Georgia School of Technology a technical school comparable to the best in this country.
CONCLUSION The regents express their appreciation of the loyal support that they have received from the chancellor, the executive officers of the board, and the heads and faculties of the various units. They have gone through trying times and have retained their faith and courage. Because of war conditions they have encountered many problems and difficult situations. They are, however, working with loyalty and intelligence, giving their full support to the effort to build a better university system. We would not close this report without expressing to Governor Ellis Arnall our deep appreciation for his help and loyal support. The policy he is pursuing is sound in every respect. He has committed the university system to this Board of Regents, and has neither inter~ fered with its functions nor sought to control its policies. He has been constantly ready to aid us in our work for the higher educa~ tiona! system of Georgia.
Respectfully submitted, MARION SMITH, Chairman.
23

Atlanta, Georgia, June 30, 1944
Dear Chairman Smith:
I am submitting to you and through you to the regents my report as chancellor for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1944.
The chancellor has tried to eliminate from his report those items so ably handled by Chairman Smith in his report of the regents. It is also gratifying that all the regents concur whole-heartedly in his views. It is an able report.
The heads of the institutions and the friends of higher education join with the chancellor in expressing sincere appreciation for this able plea for increased support for the University System of Georgia. The arguments contained therein are forceful. logical. and unanswerable. The message is timely. for we hope that at an early date our classrooms will be crowded with civilian students, veterans of World War II. and war workers.
FINANCIAL STUDY
At no time since the reorganization act was passed has so much time been given to the study of the actual needs of the university system. An exhaustive study was made by Dr. George A. Works and his associates, and the results published in the report of the survey committee which is available to any person on request. A second study was made by President Frank R. Reade of the Georgia State Womans College at the request of the regents and the chancellor, with funds provided by a friend of higher education and of the university system. A third study was made by President Guy H. Wells and his associates of the Georgia State College for Women, a study particularly relating to colleges for women.
A fourth very exhaustive study was made by a special committee of the faculty of the University of Georgia appointed by President Caldwell. And a fifth study was made by the central office and the chancellor on student fees. The results of all these studies are found in this annual report by the chancellor to the regents and by the chairman of the regents to the governor.
The chairman, after a careful study of all these studies, is convinced that the minimum required to maintain and support all units of the university system is $3,500,000. This is a modest sum to request for the magnificent work being done by the system.
24

At the present time the university system is receiving by state appropriation and by aid from the contingent fund of the governor with the approval of the state auditor the sum of two million five hundred seventy-eight thousand, one hundred five dollars and thirtytwo cents ($2,578,105.32). This sum is for the operation and maintenance of the fifteen institutions, $1,988,145; the two experiment stations, $207,228; for the extension center and the general extension, $60,500; for agricultural extension, $210,000; for soil conservation committee, $6,000; for central office, $68,820; for bureau of public administration, $25,185; and for other special purposes, $12,227.32.
Additional funds are needed for these purposes:
1. Increased salaries for faculty members. The funds available for this purpose should be increased by $300,000.
2. Administrative salaries in the member institutions are also low. To put them on a proper basis would call for an increase of $50,000.
3. The funds available for graduate instruction including staff, laboratory supplies, and library resources would call for at least $150,000 in addition to the present expenditures.
4. Increases in salaries and of size of staff in the central office would call for approximately $25,000.
5. The Division of General Extension and the University System of Georgia Center should have more liberal support if their programs are to be worked out on a satisfactory basis. The estimated increase for these units is $75,000.
6. It will be necessary for the State of Georgia to take steps to provide much more ample facilities for the higher education of Negroes in compliance with the Gaines decision. Scholarships for Negroes as well as more ample provision for instruction in publicly-controlled institutions will cost at least an additional $100,000.
7. The current income for miscellaneous purposes of a minor character throughout the system should be increased by approximately $50,000.
8. For the expansion of the college of agriculture and for engineering education on the junior college level, $100,000.
25

9. For making the evening college in Atlanta not a separate
- unit in the system but the University of Georgia in Atlanta, $75,000. . 10. Providing scholarships for qualified students in graduate and
research work, $25,000.
GEORGIA
To say that Georgia can not do for its youth what any other state can do is sheer folly and cannot be justified by any intelligent, progressive, constructive citizen. The revenue of the state depends upon building up the earning capacity of its citizens and the earning of its citizens depends to a large extent upon their education and their health. .The sick and the ignorant cannot produce incomes out of which the state will be built up and from which taxes can be paid. Governor Arnall, through his Agricultural and Industrial Develop~ ment Board, hopes to increase the earning power of our people.
Beyond any doubt, the continued progress of our state depends upon the state's continuing without handicapping its educational serv~ ices and its health services to the people of the state. The university system is one of the agencies furnishing part of this service.
We cannot effect further economies because we have already gone beyond any sound limit. We cannot compete with our sister states unless we can pay professors as good or better salaries. We must have additional funds to attract men and women of quality to our faculties.
We must have greater funds with which to build up our en~ gineering, agriculture, teacher~training, medical. graduate, and re~ search work. We are lagging behind some of our neighboring states. We must go forward, not backward.
GOING FoRWARD
As Georgia could give $1.919,46 8 in 19 32 for the support of the university system, certainly it can give $3,500,000 for the fiscal year 1945~46. Many examples can be given, but I must be brief to show how rapidly Georgia has been advancing in the past decade. The figures herein given are taken from a report of the U. S. Department of Agriculture. Note carefully the steady trend during the same period towards the development of cash income sources other than cotton. Particular attention is called to the fact that within the past ten years production of livestock and livestock products has become one of the major sources of farm income in Georgia.
26

Cash income from cotton and cotton seed was valued at $52,~ 914,000 in 1933 and at $92,014,000 in 1943; from livestock and livestock products $15,876:ooo in 1933 and at $98,265,000 in 1943 (the gross income was $158,912,000); from peanuts $4,684~, 000 in 1933 and at $59,735,000 in 1943; from tobacco $6,590,000 in 1933 and at about $36,000,000 in 1944; from poultry and poul~ try products $4,305,000 in 1933 and at $34,216,000 in 1943; from all crops $83,719,000 in 1933 and at $234,182,000 in 1943.
The number of cattle increased from 974,000 head in 1933 to 1,115,000 and value increased from $11,980,000 in 1933 to $50,03 3,000. Georgia now has some of the finest breeding herds of purebred cattle in the nation: at least 500 purebred herds; and 29,000 brood cows for beef production. Cattle and calves increased from $1,800,000 in 1933 to $11,852,000, and cash income from hogs increased from $2,507,000 in 1933 to $33,954,000 in 1943.
GEORGIA 1943 PRODUCTION
Georgia 1943 production for sixteen crops compared with other states shows the following facts: Peanuts for nuts, velvet beans, pecans (improved varieties), watermelons, gum and naval stores, ranks first; sugar cane syrup, ranks second; sorghum syrup, cowpeas for peas, ranks third; peaches, tung nuts, broilers (commercial). tobacco (flue-cured), ranks fourth; pecans (wild or seedling variety), ranks fifth.
GEORGIA AGRICULTURAL FACTS
For further information, may I ask all those interested in the agricultural growth of Georgia in the past decade to read "Georgia Agricultural Facts" by D. L. Floyd and Archie Langley, of the Geor~ gia Crop Reporting Service, and Kenneth Treanor. of the Extension Service-a publication of the Georgia Agricultural Extension Service under the supervision of Director Walter S. Brown.
College Herd
Dr. M. P. Jarnagin, head of the animal husbandry department, wrote me on July 11 that Dr. George E. Taylor, dairy extensionman of the State College of Agriculture, New Brunswick, New Jersey, classified the college herd of twenty-five animals with the following results: excellent, 2; very good, 13; good plus, 9; good, 1; fair, none; poor, none.
27

"You will note that two were classified excellent. This brings to a total of five the number of excellent animals we have developed on the college farm. At the last tabulation, approximately 38,000 cattle in the United States had been officially classified. Of the lot, 3.4 percent have been given the rating of excellent. We have had a total of a little more than 50 Jerseys classified. which would indicate that nearly ten percent of all our Jerseys have attained the highest rating. I do not know of a single other college herd in the South that has produced even one excellent cow. I am quite sure that Georgia has the highest ranking college herd in America from the standpoint of type, as indicated by official classification."
THE POLICY
The regents and the chancellor shall endeavor to continue to make the university system an example of efficiency and economy and to make it so function as to command the respect and support of taxpayers through the direct testimony of their sons and daughters, of farmers and industrialists, of laborers and bankers, and of all other types of wealth-producing agents, and through the benefits of tested scientific information that these and all other groups seek. That the university system has done these things and is continuing so to do on a larger scale as increased funds are provided is evidenced by the many fine editorials in the weekly and daily press. both within and without the state, and by the increasingly large numbers seeking in- formation by visits and by writing for particular information. This has been and must continue to be the aim and policy of all of us who direct the university system.
SERVANT OF STATE
The university system, like all other servants of the state, is supported by the taxpayers of the state. It is imperative that we keep ourselves close to the essential needs of the state and likewise it is just as imperative that the state see to it that we are able to yield the results which it expects. For the state to ask us. its servants, to provide aid and advice for its citizens, and sound education for its youth, would be grossly unsound and unfair unless it provides us with adequate financial support.
If the citizens of the state wish to know how to control blossomend rot of tomatoes; what is the proper fertilizer mixture and amount to use in peach orchards; which is superior for fattening cattle, pea-
28

nut or cottonseed meal; how to prevent root rot of snap beans; how to beneficiate ores; how to determine .t~ economic value of the cotton stalk; how to harness the water of the state; which type of pine tree to plant, they will apply to the university system for assistance. Every unit in the university system is seeking to find larger opportunities for community serviceableness in the future.
TRAINEES
This has been the most difficult year in my educational career. What troubled me most was whether our institutions could operate unless selected by the constituted authorities to train men and women for the armed forces. I was confident that the civilian students would be reduced approximately seventy-five percent of the attendance prior to Pearl Harbor.
It was impossible to know positively what would happen until the institutions opened. We had trainees in six of the seven senior units and in three of the six junior units, a total of 7,443 trainees and a total of 6,496 civilians, a grand total of 13,939 students. And, so, what has been my most strenuous and most discouraging year has proved to be my most successful year for the regents, for the university system, and for the cause of higher education in Georgia.
President Caldwell, in his annual report, seems to share my views, for he says: "The past year has been a difficult one because of reduced student enrollment, lowered income, and the necessity of constant readjustment to meet the changing programs of the Army and Navy. The university has weathered the storms. Conditions are already becoming better. We look to the future with confidence. We believe that in the years immediately ahead the university will become the great and useful institution that its supporters have always wanted it to be."
President Ingram of West Georgia College, in his annual report, says: "This has been a critical year, but there have been compensating satisfactions.''
Even though the contract for training the Armed personnel and also for their food and lodging was made by the War or the Navy or the Air departments on terms of the utmost economy and even though only two percent of the established value of the buildings was paid as rental, two percent for depreciation, and three percent for administration, still such a contract made it possible to keep faculty
29

members busy and physical plants in excellent condition. Colleges

have no desire to profiteer in such a crisis, nor to suffer any financial

loss.



-

A YEAR OF MANY CHANGES
Take a brief glance at the statistics on enrollment of civilian students in the university system prior to Pearl Harbor: 194013,736: 1944-5,289, and of these only 1.446 are male students, and many of these are classed as 4-F.
The Army Specialized Training Program was discontinued in April and this resulted in a loss of approximately 5,000 trainees. Later another directive reduced the college students on the deferred list throughout the nation to a minimum. Another directive resulted in the practical elimination of deferments under the selective service
after July I. 1944.
Student fees as a source of income decreased from $1.443,336 in 1940 to $761,975 in 1944, or 48 percent, leaving the burden of maintaining the essential structures of the university system upon funds from other sources.
Faculty salaries for the various ranks have been maintained. Had not many faculty members resigned, many been granted leave of absence to serve in combat forces or in essential war agencies, it would have been impossible to maintain salary schedules without asking the state for additional funds. At present there are 112 members of the faculty of the University of Georgia, 67 of the Georgia School of Technology, and many others from the other units in the system not on :mr payrolls.
Truly it has been a year of many changes. Essential as were the finances, there is another side to the picture-the university system is having a part in training these young men and women for usefulness in a righteous war, thereby furnishing the occasion for civilian students and faculty to become tied to tragic national needs and the great realities of life.

TRAINEES TODAY
In spite of all the directives that have been issued the number of cadets in the pre-flight school at the University of Georgia is 2,000; the number of Navy students at the Georgia School of Technology is 1,032; and the number of Navy and Army students at the Georgia

30

School of Medicine is 251 ; and the number in the Army at North Georgia College is 25 7.
STUDENT FEES
Since the question of the reduction in fees has been raised by several heads of units in their annual reports, I feel that something should be said by the chancellor. In my 1937 annual report, in discussing "State Maintenance or Increased Fees," I quoted a statement made by Mr. John D. Rockefeller, Jr., to this effect: "The universities and colleges of this country looking for future financial support must give serious consideration to what is the most direct means of improving the finances of any institution-raising the price to the customers. Universities and colleges must increase their fees, if added income must be secured. Never should students think that in the payment of fees that they are paying for their education. They are really making a fixed contribution towards the cost of providing it. It is now definitely accepted that, as far as possible, students should contribute in the form of fees towards the maintenance of the institution. Rarely does one appreciate something for nothing.
The cost to the student should be as small as possible. To the extent fees are increased from year to year, to that extent will higher education slip from the masses. There is only one correction to this tendency, and that is for the state to assume the responsibility for preserving to our youth the hope, on fair terms, to secure the advantages of the state's institutions. In other words, the larger the state's appropriation, the smaller the fees of the students.
We must always keep in mind that education is a philanthropy. "The costs of education do not, therefore, represent the value of education, but merely the expenses involved in maintaining the philanthropy. Education itself is without price. Education should be supported by society because it benefits society. But the members of society receiving the most direct benefits are the students, and they, or the homes they represent, should help meet the costs.
NOT THE TIME FOR REDUCTION
Not within the last century has the individual had so large an income as today. Only a limited number of students ask for loan funds from the university, from civic organizations, from education foundations, etc. Present fees are no obstacle to an ambitious, qualified student. This is not the time to reduce college costs, for labor,
31

food, fuel are daily increasing. We must conform to standard wage and hour laws.
FEES AND COLLEGE COSTS
It must be kept clearly in mind that there is a marked distinction between fees and the total cost to a student - fees, room, board, laundry, books, infirmary. I am certain that students can find no engineering school of the standing and quality so inexpensive as that of the Georgia School of Technology, and the same may be said of the Georgia State College for Women as set forth in the annual report of President Wells. What I have said of these two institutions is also true of the six junior colleges, the medical college, and most of the other units in the system.
While it may be true that the fees or the cost of education in one or more units may be somewhat high, this can be adjusted with~ out a wholesale reduction of the present fixed fees. It is well recog~ nized that the loss suffered by society through the failure to cultivate the talents of its most capable young people is beyond calculation. Recognizing this fundamental principle, we are furnishing our people higher education of quantity, of quality, with economy. To do this requires the best thought of our people. From year to year more and more scholarships, loans, and positions are available to the bright boy or girl in need of financial aid.
THE IMMEDIATE FUTURE
In this era of sudden changes, it may be necessary to increase the cost of rooms, board, laundry. Even with the present fees, it will be necessary to request the governor and legislature to add more than a million dollars for maintenance.
OFFICIAL EDUCATION STATISTICS
Here are some interesting facts taken from circular 189 of the land-grant colleges for 1940 and from circular 188: "College Income and Expenditures for 1940." Both circulars are official documents from the U. S. Office of Education.
Income from student fees in institutions attended by white per~ sons increased from 1929-30 to 1931-32, then dropped in 1933-34 to just a little above the 1929-30 level, and has increased rather
32

steadily since that time. Income from this source in 19 31-3 2 represented by 100 per cent rose i~ 1940 to-135 percent (Circular 189).

EXAMPLES

Institution

Students Fees Endowment State

University of Alabama_________________ 5,503

Alabama Polytechnic Institute____ 3,765

PUunridvueersiUtyniovferMsitayry-l-a--n--d--_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-__-

7,549 5,047

Mass. Institute of Technology______ 3,100

Cornell University ------------------------ 7,174 North Carolina State College______ 2,497

Ohio Penn

State State

UCniovlelresgitey_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-__-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_

Univ. of South Carolina_____________

14,410 7,293 2,051

UClneimvesorsnityCoolflegTeen-n--e--s-s--e--e--_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_ University of Vermont_________________

2,279 5,041 1,487

$ 685,000 350,000 774,545 872,041
1,817,118
2,092,584 412,831
1,058,310 1,211,208
231,000 241,179 748,109
440,161

----------------------------------------------$1,582,435
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

$ 613,199 896,527
2,400,330 838,244
-------------2,865,935
531,372 3,976,928 2,267,317
301,025 620,487 927,738 206,773

These facts taken from authentic sources are given merely to indicate how close in many institutions in wide areas is the ratio of student fees to state appropriations. Fees should not be increased or decreased but state support must be increased. Perhaps a more accurate picture could be ascertained by showing the ratio of student fees to total educational and general income. It is clear from the facts given that fees do not determine student attendance.

In all classes of institutions attended by white persons income from public sources decreased until in 1933-34 it amounted to less than three- fourths of the 1929-3 0 figures. In 19 35-3 6 it increased to nearly the 1929-30 level, went slightly above it in 1937-38, and rose to 13 percent above it in 1939-40 (Circular 188).

Our boys and girls seek admission to those colleges and universities that have a recognized national standing, that require excellence in scholarship and ability. Not a reduction in student cost or student fees is the solution for the present, but a greater sum from the legislature, a minimum of an extra million and a half dollars for maintenance.

COMPARISON TABLES
Herewith is presented two tables for comparison: these tables show how the income is obtained and how it is expended. These tables reflect credit on the university system.
33

LAND-GRANT COLLEGES

INCOME

1939-1940

Income for educational and general purposes of the 69 landgrant colleges in 1939-40 totalled $165,411,292.00 from the following sources:
Student fees -------------------------------- 17.1 percent Endowment income -------------------- 4.0 percent Federal government --------------------- 18.3 percent State government ------------------------ 4 7.1 percent County and district_____________________ 1.6 percent Private gifts -------------------------------- 2.7 percent Sales and services_________________________ 7.7 percent Other sources ------------------------------ 1.5 percent

Income from other sources which is not included in the above total is as follows: Auxiliary enterprises $32,129,443: designated for physical plant $17,587,669, and for the increase of permanent funds $4,218,675.

EXPENDITURES
Expenditures of the 69 land-grant colleges for educational and general purposes totalled $152,385,989 of which was expended for:
Administration and generaL________ 7.1 percent Resident instruction -------------------- 46.6 percent Organized research ---------------------- 13.6 percent Extension ------------------------------------ 20.0 percent Libraries -------------------------------------- 2.7 percent Plant operation and maintenance__ 10.0 percent
The expenditures for auxiliary enterprises amounted to $28,379,373: for capital outlay $25,535,717 and for non-educational expense $2,866,136. Circular 187.

UNIVERSITY SYSTEM OF GEORGIA

INCOME

1942-1943

Income for educational and general purposes for the year 1942-43 totalled $4,728,890.00 from the following sources:

Student fees ---------------------------------- 2 7. 6 percent Endowment income ------------------- 1.1 percent

34

Appropriations from federal government --------------------------- 26.7 percent
Appropriations from state "' government ---------------------------- 37.2 percent
From county and city governments 1.0 percent Private gifts -------------------------------- 1.6 percent Sales and service___________________________ 2.2 percent Other sources ------------------------------ 2.6 percent
Income from other sources, which is not included in the above total, is as follows:
From auxiliary enterprises__________ $3, 749,05 8.00
EXPENDITURES
Expenditures 1942-43 for educational and general purposes for year totalled $4,606,605.00, of which was expended for:
Administration and generaL________ 9.5 percent Resident instruction -------------------- 47.7 percent Organized research ---------------------- 9.0 percent Extension ------------------------------------ 17.2 percent Libraries -------------------------------------- 3.7 percent Plant operation and maintenance__ 12.9 percent
The expenditures for auxiliary enterprises amounted to $2,990,333.00 and for capital outlays $869,917.00.
TREMENDOUS TASKS AHEAD
The university system is conscious of the great responsibility resting upon it in this critical age and it is making every effort to do its job of sending educated men and women into a troubled world. We are now more convinced than ever that in the future the university system must adopt the policy of having every terminal course fit the student not only for living a life but also for earning a living; or as someone has so aptly said: "To live not only by length or by days, but by breath, depth, and height-to live not only as experts but as individuals who are part of the culture that humanity has accumulated through the ages."
Mr. Thomas A. Edison said: "To be told by the outstanding men and women of your time that you have contributed a great deal to human betterment is pleasant, very pleasant. I would hardly be human if my heart did not thrill with such a major compliment. But
35

somehow I have not achieved the success I want. Earlier this evening I talked with two school children. Tomorrow the world will be theirs. It is a troubled world, tulf of doubt and uncertainty. You say we men of science have been helping it. Are those children and their children going to approve of what we have done? Or are they going to discover too late that science was trusted too much so that it has turned into a monster whose final triumph is man's own destruction?
"Some of us are beginning to feel that danger but it can be avoided. I once had two dynamos. They needed regulating. It was a problem of balance and adjustment. And I feel that the confusion in the world today presents much the same problem. The dynamo of man's God-given ingenuity is running away with the dynamo of his equally God-given humanity. I am now too old to do much more than to say, 'Put those dynamos in balance.' Make them work in harmony as the Great Designer intended they should. It can be done. What man's mind can conceive, man's character can control. Man must learn that, and then we needn't be afraid of tomorrow, and man will go forward toward more light."
It must be the objective of the university system and should be of all other institutions to do far more in the future than we have done in the past "to put the dynamo of man's God-given ingenuity in balance with the dynamo of his equally God-given humanity."
IMMEDIATE PROBLEMS
It is imperative that we focus our attention on some of our immediate problems. It is hoped by naming some of these objectives, not necessarily in the order of importance, that friends and alumni will assist us in every way possible and that they too will feel free to suggest others. We realize that the university system must constantly consider its work as business concerns do theirs, so as to insure adequate future dividends for generations following. The dividends are our graduates produced from year to year, and we must be sure that their quality is maintained and suitable for the requirements for our state and nation.
IMPROVEMENT OF INSTRUCTION
President Wells of the Georgia State College for Women in his annual report states the case this way: "The college that does not constantly re-examine its curricula and recheck its philosophy of educa-
36

tion is in danger of losing the spirit of education. Because a certain program was the best we knew how to make last year is not sufficient reason to conclude that it wiii be best n~xt year. With some consciousness of this truth in mind last year, most of the members of the faculty participated in study committees, dividing themselves according to their interests into groups to consider such problems as the curriculum, the improvement of instruction, the place of liberal arts, teacher training, etc. The year ended with all the groups still active and with plans to continue their studies through next year. The value of these group studies will be measured more by the quickened interest of individual members of the faculty in the handling of problems than in any conclusions they reach and any reports they present."
Too MANY COURSES
President Caldwell in his annual report is of the firm conviction that the university undertakes to offer too many courses. "I have, therefore, urged all the faculties to make careful studies of their academic offerings with a view to eliminating courses of doubtful value and to concentrating the efforts of the faculty and students on a smaller number of more worthwhile courses. If this is done, it will also mean that the ratio of faculty members to members of the student body will be smaller in the postwar period. With a given amount of money we will be in a position therefore, to pay somewhat better salaries to those who are employed and perhaps also to release more of the time of some of our faculty members for research work. The reduction in the number of courses should not impair the quality of our educational program."
"I am convinced," says President Caldwell, "that we have gone further than sound educational policy permits in allowing students to elect their courses of study. After determining the nature of a student's aptitude and interests, the faculty should be in a better position than the students to prescribe courses of study. Committees of some faculties of the university are already giving consideration to the revision of the curricula of their schools. We hope that some of the proposed curricular changes can be made in the near future so that they may be announced in the next catalogue of the university."
ANCIENT IDOLS
In my annual report of 1937, I called attention to these facts: "The university system will not meet the needs of Georgia if it duplicates efforts by allowing each unit to offer instruction that its neigh-
37

bors are offering or if each must compete for the purpose of salving its conscience or if each ~nit must t.<>rever worship that old tradition, namely: 'those are the best which offer the greatest number of subjects or the greatest variety of courses.' These idols must be discarded and each unit must put emphasis on instruction and then the university system will command the respect and support of the people through adequate financial aid by the General Assembly."
This was suggested to the University System Council and in~ corporated in my 19 37 annual report and I am gratified beyond measure that the heads of our units now recognize the wisdom of that recommendation. To me it is a tragedy to know, after a thorough examination of the courses outlined in the catalogues of higher insti~ tutions of learning for women, that these institutions, in large meas~ ure, have only copied the courses offered in state universities, and offer no distinctive courses for women, the purpose for which the woman's college was created. Until the woman's college has something more to offer young women, other than an institution for women only, in opposition to state universities with a program of co~education, its future is limited, but under proper leadership what a magnificent future exists for the higher institutions of learning for women only. In my opinion the future of the state supported institutions for women rests on the fact that they can and do offer courses and conditions and environments superior to those offered by state universities, other than opportunities for women only.
EDUCATIONAL ADVANCE
The past has taught us many valuable lessons. In advocating a look ahead, it is not meant that we shall forget what has gone before. It simply means that we plan for an educational advance comparable to industrial gains. Certainly our accelerated programs have taught us to do away with useless traditions and many worn out or conven~ tional methods.
Our plants should never be closed, but operate for full quarters or the equivalent. There are thousands of students capable of com~ pleting a college course in two years or three years. These students, in general. are those who are anxious to enter law or medicine or other professional schools or to begin work on an advanced degree. We must recognize in the future more than we have ever done in the past individual differences.
This is not a plea for short cuts, for there are no short cuts to education. This is not a plea to hurry students through college. This
38

is a plea to give the superior student a chance. We must recognize that the education that served the older generations will not serve the youth of today. Life is swifter; contacts are made over wider areas; competition is keener and severer; the problems of politics, of commerce, of business, of education, of religion, are increasing in numbers and in difficulty.
The curricula must be so widened as to be intimately related to all the problems of today. Its contents should make students social minded. Today students come from homes of various backgrounds and diversified interests; from the tenant farmer; from the sharecropper; from the day-laborer; from the small merchant; and from men of wealth. This was not the case two decades ago.
RETURNING VETERANS
The brunt of war falls upon youth of the age groups that are found on the college and university campuses. When the selective age was reduced from 21 to 18, the university system accelerated its educational programs to enter upon a war-time program for a victoryminded people. By the autumn of 1943 the university system approached full strength in enrollees from the Army and Navy and Air Forces. Losses in the spring of 1944 made the number only a small fraction of what it was a few years ago.
Just as it was the primary purpose of the university system to train men for the armed forces-on land, on sea, and in the air-now as they return home, more essential is it that the university system train these men for a long, useful life by making many of them selfsupporting and seeking their aid in making a just, righteous, and enduring peace. To this end each teaching unit has prepared special courses for these men in addition to the regular courses given. Many old regular courses have been enriched to meet the needs of a changed civilization.
President Hutchins of the University of Chicago recently said: "I see no end to the responsibilities which the university (system) must assume in connection with training problems growing out of the war. There will be tremendous numbers of students seeking to enter the colleges and universities after the war. The longer the war lasts the more there will be. These men will want to get through with whatever training they may require as rapidly as possible and get started in some civilian occupation. Impressed by the fact that during
39

the war governmental agencies have set great store by college degrees, they will want some sort of academic insignia. They will want the most direct and specific training for"Some specific job. They will think they have no time for education."
LOOKING BACKWARD
In spite of the small group of educators who wish to continue a laissez-faire policy or revert to the policies and practices of a half century ago, the veterans of World War II will force upon the institutions an accelerated program. These veteran-students have had a world wide experience and they will be critical of the leisurely attitude of college life in the days prior to Pearl Harbor. These veteranstudents will return with a new time sense unknown to many faculty members.
Time and time again it has been pointed out that these veteranstudents will be older in years than students coming directly from high school and almost without exception their military experience will have made them precociously mature. Much of what they will find in college will seem juvenile. These veteran-students, having played an eventful part in a global world, will be outspoken in their criticism of the subjects required and the antiquated methods of instruction. These veteran-students will have had an experience of realistic values against which they will appraise their work in the institution. Vague generalizations will not be a sufficient answer to their questions. These students will refuse to be under those faculty members who are out of touch with living issues of today and tomorrow, but who are content to deliver the same dry-as-dust lectures which were out of date long before Pearl Harbor.
VETERANS AND WAR WORKERS
In a recent bulletin of the American Council of Higher Education it was stated that of the twenty-nine percent in the armed forces who have not completed high school many will wish to continue their education, but few will go back to secondary schools; the thirty-two percent who completed high school but have not gone to college will have forgotten much of the secondary education, yet will have acquired knowledge and skill in highly specialized fields through war service training courses; the more than 400 separate types of specialist training schools in the armed forces and the literally thousands of technical jobs in war and in war production, comparatively few of even the ten
40

percent who had entered but not graduated from college will have
- had experience related to their former college major. These facts clearly indic" ate why it is necessary to have not only the regular college curriculum, but to have specialized courses in many fields and to have regular courses enriched and far more advanced than some of the regular courses for civilian students. We must be prepared to train returning veteran students, war-worker students, and normal civilian students. Likewise there will be two groups of civilian students, those waiting to be selected, 17 to 18, and those already rejected, the 4-F's.
Returning servicemen will not be segregated since, from all data now available, they are expected to form the major portion of the undergraduate body for several years.
THE G. I. BILL OF RIGHTS
The returning veteran-student must avail himself of the benefits of the G. I. Bill of Rights before two years shall have elapsed since being mustered out. All benefits expire within seven years. During these seven years many vexing and embarrassing problems will arise. The university system will meet them to the satisfaction of all parties concerned.
I am convinced that we should set up in the senior colleges a director of education for returning veteran-students and war-workerstudents and that we should employ the ablest faculty possible for these students-men who have had a global experience or a war industry experience in a sense comparable with the students in their classes. However, as this report goes to press, we do not now know all the provisions and implications of the G. I. Bill of Rights.
TEACHER TRAINING
We are well equipped with buildings and equipment to do the best work the university system has ever done in training teachers for our public school system. Without a great public school system there can not be a great university system and without a great university system there can be only a mediocre public school system, for the university system and similar higher institutions can prepare the teachers for our universities, colleges and public schools.
It is a source of great satisfaction to all the people that the state funds for public schools has increased from $7,162,872.63 in 1932
41

to $17,995,210.50 in the year ending June 30, 1944. A democracy, more than any other form of government, is dependent upon an edu~ cated citizenship. The people will not be content-parents and chil~ dren-if we go on as we are proclaiming that our present inadequate work is all the state and country needs.
At the centennial celebration of the University of Georgia in 1901 that able scholar from Princeton University, Dr. Van Dyke, made a magnificent address and from it I quote this paragraph:
"We want the public schools more generously supported and more intelligently directed so that the power to read and to think shall become the property of all, and.so that the principles of morality, which must be based on religion shall be taught to every American child. We want the door between the public school and the uni~ versity system wide open, so that the path which leads upward from the little red school house to the highest temple of learning shall be free, and the path that leads downward from academic halls to the lowliest dwelling and workshop of instruction shall be honorable. We want a community of interests and a cooperation of forces be~ tween the public school teacher and the college faculty. We want academic freedom so that the institutions of learning may be free from all suspicion of secret control by the money~bag or the machine. We want democratic universities, where a man is honored only for what he is and what he knows, so that the best scholarship shall be in the closest touch with the natural life. We want American educa~ tion, so that every citizen shall not only believe in democracy, but know what it means, what it costs, and what it is worth."
COMPETENT TEACHERS
It is well recognized that the driving force that makes for peace or war is engendered where the youth are taught. How necessary then is it that we have competent teachers to instruct our childrenmen and women of character, well educated, firm believers in democ~ racy and the American way of life.
We have for the first time the needed buildings and the neces~ sary modern equipment. How fortunate we are that we can truth~ fully make that statement! We have good teachers, but we can not hold them unless we have more funds to pay all of our teachers in the lower brackets better salaries. We have little need to worry about teachers in the upper brackets. Our best talent is today going into those fields that clothe, feed, and amuse us. We must get our teachers
42

from what is left. This should not be the situation in so great a state as Cleorgia.
As the appropriations for the public schools have been in~ creased so must the appropriation to the university system be in~ creased, if we are to supply the teacher needs of the public school sys~ tern. Adequate salaries must be paid to hold or to attract the type of teachers needed in our university system and our public school system. Unless adequate funds are made available, Cleorgia will follow a policy that leads eventually to intellectual suicide.
WORKSHOPS
Workshops were held at the South Cleorgia College, Abraham Baldwin Agricultural College, Cleorgia Teachers College, West Cleor~ gia College, Cleorgia State College for Women, the University of Cleorgia, and by the University of Cleorgia at Rome and LaFayette. The attendance was excellent and the work done was of high quality.
EVALUATION OF WORKSHOP
1. Appropriate evaluative procedures and techniques will be applied in appraising all phases of the effectiveness of the workshop program. Plans for such evaluations shall be made by the Director and Staff at the beginning of the Workshop, and the data required for making appraisals of the work shall be collected at appropriate intervals during the workshop period.
2. At the conclusion of each workshop, the group shall prepare, under the direction of the Staff, a written report covering the follow~ ing items:
(a) Statement of problem or problems.
(b) Procedures employed.
(c) Results obtained.
(d) Recommendations concerning methods of studying and solving similar problems in other communities.
3. As a part of the evaluation procedure a committee from the teacher training institution sponsoring the workshop shall visit the workshop at appropriate intervals and shall submit a written evalua~ tion report to the staff of the teacher training unit sponsoring the workshop.
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CREDIT FOR PARTICIPATION IN WORKSHOP
1. The participants in a wod<.shop who desire credit shall meet the requirements of the teacher training institution concerned with respect to admission to work for which such credit is desired.
2. The amount of credit earned for participation in a workshop shall depend upon the length of the workshop period and the amount of time the student devotes to workshop activities. The allocation of such credit shall be determined upon the basis of usual academic standards in such matters. For example, if the registrant spends his entire time for six weeks in a workshop, he shall receive ten quarter hours credit upon the satisfactory completion of such work. In no case shall the registrant be granted workshop credit in excess of ten quarter hours during an academic year in which he is employed full time.
EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE
For the duration of the present emergency the mmtmum residence requirements for a baccalaureate degree for teachers in the public schools of the state who have earned credits for fifteen or more quarter hours in off-campus study centers or workshops conducted by the University is two quarters, during which time the candidate must earn credits in courses numbered 200 or above of at least thirty hours with an average grade of c+ or better; that credit earned under the above workshop plan be officially designated as "Workshop Credit" to distinguish it from extension credit on the one hand or residence credit on the other.
MEDICAL COLLEGE
We have an excellent medical college at Augusta-an institution with an able faculty. However this great medical college is made possible largely by the aid and support furnished by Augusta and Richmond County. Some day the State of Georgia will have to build and maintain a million dollar hospital for the sick.
At present all the facilities of the Augusta and Richmond County hospital have been made available to the medical college. For the past two years Governor Talmadge and for this year Governor Arnall have made available the sum of $50,000 to purchase fifty beds for state-wide patients. To be accredited, this had to be done. The medical students must have a state-wide clinic rather than only a county-wide clinic. This is a must order by the American Medical Association.
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It is difficult to hold nationally recognized medical teachers, no matter what the salary schedule may be, unless ample provision is made for them to do research work. Wl!'must provide some funds for research work in neurology, psychiatry, human nutrition, and in the newer venereal diseases and in other fields. Such an internationally known physician as Dr. Sydenstricker of our own medical faculty would be far more willing to be connected with our medical college if funds were provided and laboratory facilities for study and research in the nutritive value of foods produced by dehydration, quickfreezing, cooking, soils, and climates. This is only one of the many activities in a medical college for which funds must be secured to hold and attract men of high quality. In addition to the funds now provided, at least $25,000 annually should be set up in the budget for this type of advanced work to hold the many other men in our medical school.
Dean Kelly recommends and urges the regents to memorialize the State Board of Medical Examiners to require an interneship of one year in a hospital approved by such board before licensing anyone to practice medicine in Georgia.
All citizens interested in the growth, progress, and aims of the medical school and medical education in Georgia should read the able report of Dean Lombard Kelly.
PHYSICIANS AND NURSES
There is a crying demand for physicians and nurses in Georgia, and every encouragement by the General Assembly should be given to relieve this situation. Dr. James E. Paulin, president of the American Medical Association, pointed out that unless provision is made for continued pre-medical training on a reasonable scale the nation's public health will be seriously imperiled within the next few years.
"There is an annual deficit of at least 2,000 doctors," he added, "because vacancies created in medical ranks by deaths or forced retirement from practice because of age or illness cannot be filled. The reason for this lies in the difficulty of deferring premedical students and in keeping our classes filled with otherwise draft-exempt men or women."
Dean Kelly, in his annual report, says: "What to expect of the Army and Navy concerning this program in the near future cannot be predicted. Disturbing reports arrive almost daily and the recent
45

actions of the selective service headquarters have been truly alarming for the future of medical education and medical care for years to come.
No premedical students are to he lteferred after July I. 1944.
"Recent reports threaten removal of specialized training students from school to the active armed forces. All of this means that our original estimate of this program was correct: that it was superfluous, extravagant, and demoralizing to the student body. The sooner it i~ abandoned, the better. If selective service headquarters has no greater vision than to refuse deferment of premedical students, there is nothing more that can be done by medical educators than point the warning. This has been done."
DEPARTMENT OF NURSING
The regents, September 1, 1944, authorized the department of nursing to offer the following program beginning in September 1944:
(a) Cadet nursing programs with assistance of funds available under the terms of the Bolton-Bailey Bill.
(b) Five year nursing program. Under this program students will take their first two years of work at the University of Georgia, their next two years of work at the hospital of the Augusta Medical School or other approved hospitals, and their fifth year at the University of Georgia in Athens.
(c) Graduate Nurses Program. This program is for students who have completed a hospital nursing program. They will be given one year's academic credit for such work and will then spend three years at the University of Georgia.
(d) Degrees. The last two programs (GVC) will lead to the degree of Bachelor of Science in Nursing or Bachelor of Science in Nursing Education.
The objectives of the school of nursing are:
(a) To furnish nursing education within the state for young women seeking to enter this field of service.
(b) To help meet the urgent needs of the armed forces and the civilian population of almost every community in the state for more and better trained nurses.
(c) To prepare young women for professional nursing in all its aspects, including participation in rural and urban community health
46

programs in both the curative and preventative phases, and for service in civilian hospitals and Army and Navy hospitals.
(d) To prepare graduate nurses for special fields in nursing education and for public health service.
DISTRICT HEALTH PLAN
A shift in Georgia's public health from a county unit plan to a district setup, financed by state and federal funds, to double the state's health protection is being planned. Only half the 15 9 counties now have health departments. Under the new proposal, every county in the state would be covered, with the program administered on a district basis.
By redistribution of health officers to cover districts, and through eliminations and consolidations of duties, Georgia could get this double health protection at a greatly reduced cost.
It is a well known fact that a large number of counties cannot afford to operate health departments from their own revenue, and yet these counties must have this health protection. In fighting diseases county lines must be ignored.
Georgia's main problems are tuberculosis, malaria, and social diseases. By a proper plan these should be eliminated within a reasonable time. Dr. T. F. Abercrombie, state health director and chairman of the health panel of the Agricultural and Industrial Development Board, and Dr. Rufus Payne, director of the board's health panel, are working out all the details. One of the nine district health headquarters will be Athens.
TECHNICAL EDUCATION ON COLLEGE LEVEL
Technical education on the college level will have a permanent, and not a subsidiary place in the educational program. The tragedy of undeveloped talent is being seen more and more to be a gigantic waste of potential power. The loss to the community by this waste ts colossal.
I am convinced that two of our junior colleges should be changed into engineering schools on the college level. These institutions should prepare students to enter the senior division of any engineering school-the Georgia School of Technology, Purdue University, California Tech, Massachusetts Institute of Technology- and other similar technological institutions.
47

There are many students who cannot finance themselves for four years in such a fine school as the Georgia School of Technology: also there are many who only want two years of engineering on the college level, and there are many boys who need only short courses varying from six weeks to twelve weeks in specialized engineering courses on the college level.
This is particularly true of those young men on the ground floor in the air corps; the signal corps; the tank corps; in auto mechanics; in marine plumbing; in photography; in explosives; in chemical engineering; in the diesel engine, and in hundreds of other courses as a result of this modern war. These young men will demand courses of higher order which will be a continuation of this training as a result of special assignments in World War II.
A new type of course, an experienced faculty trained in war industries, in camps, on battlefields, in pontoon bridges (making and landing), and a new approach to subject matter will be essential for such an engineering school on the junior college level.
Special skills are required to meet the problems that face us after the war is over. These special skills and abilities must be accompanied by a depth of understanding, by a world outlook, and by a tolerance that will help us in rebuilding a torn and shattered world.
If we are to have highly specialized industries come to Georgia, then we must have the facilities for training our young men on a higher level than secondary education.
Fortunately, men beyond 21 may now enter our institutions as special students and make up whatever work is needed to go on with any technical course. We have had this old plan from time immemorial and this procedure will not appeal to the veteran. No institution desires to lower its standards, but there are ways of aiding the veterans without lowering standards as evidenced by the new plan of institutions of world wide reputation given in the press from day to day.
The university system will provide education on a broad and flexible basis for returning war veterans eager for college training, but anxious to complete their studies as rapidly as possible in order to get into business or a chosen occupation.
GRADUATE AND UNDERGRADUATE WORK
The regents with the aid of Education Foundations established a graduate school in the University of Georgia authorizing the Doctor
48

of Philosophy in the College of Education and in four other departments. This action was applauded, particularly by the teachers. For four years excellent work was done cmd three outstanding men received the Doctor of Philosophy. The work was brought to a close by certain nefarious influences, resulting in suspending our institutions from regional and national accrediting associations. It has been necessary to suspend much of this type of work for the duration of the war, for too many men in our faculties competent to do this advanced work are in some phase of war activities--combat and noncombat, and Education Foundations withdrew their support.
The primary purpose of a university system is to engage in teaching at the undergraduate, the graduate, and the professional level. We must train youth to fit them for productive life work. It is nothing less than tragic that so rich a state as Georgia has no graduate school giving the highest degree-the Doctor of Philosophy. The bright young men and women who leave the state for this degree seldom, if ever, return.
Dr. George H. Boyd, Dean of the Graduate School of the University of Georgia, has pointed out that one of the primary functions of a university is that of increasing the scope of human knowledge, mainly through efforts of its faculty members. Several facts which might be mentioned justify the assertion that this obligation rests more urgently upon southern universities than upon those in any other section of this country. It is a well known fact that the university system has contributed some of its best research talent to the war effort and as a result the teaching load for those left is such as to cause practically a complete interruption of the research activities.
GRADUATE AND RESEARCH SCHOOL
Upon the recommendation of the graduate faculty of the University of Georgia, the following report was adopted, in principle, by the regents on May 4, 1944, except as to funds requested:
RECOMMENDATIONS
The graduate faculty of the University of Georgia makes the following recommendations:
( 1) That the direction of all graduate work and the awarding of all graduate degrees to students in the University System of Georgia be restricted to the University of Georgia, an exception to this
49

restriction being that the Georgia School of Technology shall direct graduate work and award degrees in all fields of engineering other than agricultural engin~ring.
(2) That the privilege of membership in the graduate faculty of the University of Georgia be extended to faculty members and research workers in other units of the University System of Georgia. Appointment of such persons to membership in the graduate faculty shall be governed by the regulations that apply to the appointment of members of the faculty of the University of Georgia.
(3) That the graduate school of the University of Georgia be authorized to offer courses for graduate credit in any unit of the university system upon formal request of such unit issued through its chief executive officer.
(4) That all candidates for degrees at the master's level be required to spend at least two quarters in residence work in the University of Georgia and all candidates for the doctorate be required to spend at least one year in residence work at the University of Georgia before such degrees are awarded. The dean may be authorized to set aside this provision upon recommendation of the executive committee and approval of the graduate faculty.
(5) That the office of dean of the ~raduate school bear the same relation to all graduate work and research (except in engineering at the Georgia School of Technology) in units of the University System of Georgia that it bears to these functions within the University of Georgia.
Our suggestions up to this point have dealt with questions of organization of graduate work and research, and it is important that our organization be such as to enable us to (a) build our program of graduate study around an active program of faculty research, (b) give direction to our graduate and research activities, and (c) make our endeavor meet effectively the needs of this state and this region. We are including in this report five requests calling for an initial expenditure of $125,000.00.
1. That the sum of $125,000.00 be set up in the budget of the graduate school for the fiscal year beginning July I. 1944, to be spent in the development of the fields of research outlined below at the recommendation of the dean of the graduate school with the approval of the president and the regents.
50

2. That this undertaking J:>e recognized as a continuing program of research which will ~~ll for <;outinued support over a period of years, and that the Board of Regents commit itself to the task of providing this amount annually for the support of such research through the graduate school for the next five years.
3. That, as a means of enabling us to take advantage of the situation which will inevitably develop as men return from the armed services, some means be found whereby the unexpended balance of this appropriation for any one year may be added to the regular appropriation for this purpose for the succeeding year.
PROPOSED RESEARCH PROJECTS
It seems that perhaps the most urgent need, and, therefore, our greatest possibility of effective service lies, for the present, in that type of research that will tend toward the creation of better health and greater material welfare in the general population of the region. Furthermore, although research of an individual sort must, for very ample reasons, always receive encouragement and support, there is need just now for drawing together research talent from several de~ partments and of directing this talent through integrated effort toward certain common purposes. Under our present system of strict departmentalization of effort, research is proving incapable of commanding the necessary support for the very real reason that it is accomplishing so little.
1. Research in Nutrition and Foods. 2. Research in Diseases in Animals and m Plants. 3. Development of Ceramic Art. 4. Independent Research by Individual Members of the Faculty. 5. Library Needs for Scientific Research.
A survey of the University of Georgia library was made in 1938 by a special committee under the chairmanship of Dr. Louis R. Wilson of the University of Chicago. In the report of this committee the following statement is made: "Back files of journals are more vitally linked with graduate work and research than any other type of printed material. Of the 4 32 titles listed in the classified list,* the university library has complete files of only 22 percent of the recommended titles in complete sets, only 30 percent complete since 1925. Such a high percentage of incomplete and broken files is certain to prove a serious handicap.''
51

Some improvement has been made in our holdings since 1938 but improvement is limited.. If we pr29ose to carry on scientific research in this institution it is imperative that we have adequate library material for reference. It seems wise to attempt to build our library holdings to adequacy in certain fields and then move into other fields as funds permit.
*Lyle-Trumper Classified list of periodicals for the college library, 2nd Ed. Published 1938.
SIX-YEAR BUILDING PROGRAM
The fact that we have been able to erect a number of buildings on each campus of the university system through the generosity of the legislature and the federal government and friends, let no person for a moment think that adequate facilities exist on a single campus. Keep always in mind that the university system covers the state and not just one campus.
Every dollar we have received from all sources could have been wisely spent on the campus of the University of Georgia or the campus of the Georgia School of Technology and neither of these plants would be adequate to meet the needs of a great university or a great engineering school.
Few people realize the immensity of the university systemsixteen institutions with large student bodies and faculties, scattered all over the state at strategic points, and two large agricultural experiment stations with several sub-stations. To me such a system is ideal and yet I know there are those who would prefer to see all the units on one campus, as is the case in some states.
Overcrowded conditions and the need for additional buildings continue to be a problem of great magnitude to the board, the chancellor, and the heads. The ever increasing enrollment and the enlargement of the educational objectives of the system make it imperative that the system have additional buildings at a very early date. Especially is it advantageous to erect central heating plants, water tanks, and other similar structures that reduce operating costs.
We are extremely proud of our past building program. We have worked hard and intelligently and feel confident that our accomplishments are appreciated. From expressions made by thousands of citizens and from statements made by members of the legislature on the
52

floor, we are confident we have done a creditable job. If these people did not think so, they woul~ not have_said so.
The expansion of the physical plants has followed a well-defined policy in accordance with plans and specifications made by a survey of competent engineers. No haphazard plan has been followed. The state funds were spent as nearly as possible in the same ratio on each campus. This same policy should be followed as state funds become available. Let us keep in mind that unkept buildings deteriorate very rapidly. The longer they are neglected, the more funds are needed for repairs. We must never again neglect the physical plants-money is essential for maintenance and physical upkeep.
Proposed Postwar Public Works
A Special Committee on Postwar Economic Policy and Planning in the House of Representatives in conjunction with the Federal Works Agency in collaboration with the Bureau of the Census has asked each state agency for a report of proposed postwar public works. These reports had to be filed by August 21.
Types of projects had to be specified and certain information given:
1. Projects in Complete Stage of Preparation 2. Projects in Design Stage of Plan Preparation 3. Projects in Preliminary Stage of Plan Preparation 4. Projects in Idea Stage of Plan Prepara,Eion
Other information required: number of projects; estimated cost; land; funds on hand or arranged for; negotiations under way; probable source of funds not on hand or arranged for; state appropriations or from endowment funds.
It would be money well spent to get some of our projects as early as possible in group !-Complete Stage of Plan Preparation, and some in group 2-Design Stage of Plan Preparation. Both political parties have pledged that there will be no unemployed veterans when peace comes.
Are additional buildings needed for the university system at this time? Let me answer this question by listing the buildings requested in the annual reports of the heads. This is a six year building program.
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UNIVERSITY SYSTEM OF GEORGIA
GEORGIA SCHOOL OF TECHNOLOtiY-ATLANTA
1. Administration and Academic Building______________$600,000 23.. TLeibxrtialrey BaunidldiMngus-e--u--m----_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_--_-_-_-_-_ 340205,,000000
4. Hospital -------------------------------------------------------------------- 325,000 5. Architecture Building ------------------------------------------- 250,000 67.. TChhreemeicdaolrmEintogriineese-r-i-n---g----B---u--i-l-d--i--n--g--_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-__-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_ 430000,,000000
8. Military Building --------------------------------------------------- 200,000 9. Auditorium ------------------------------------------------------------ 500,000 10. College Inn ---------------------------------------------------------------- 85,000 11. Addition to M. E. Shops__________________________________________ 70,000 12. Alterations ------------------------------------------------------------- 45,000 13. Move E. E. to Swan. Tear down E. E. Build-
ing. Move M. E. to new quarters_______________________ 35,000 14. Addition to Drawing Building_____________________________ 115,000 15. New E. E. Building__________________________________________________ 225,000 16. M. E. additions ________________________________________________________ 225,000 17. Chemistry additions and alterations__________________ 250,000 18. President's home ------------------------------------------------- 40,000 19. Dormitories -------------------------------------------------------------- 300,000 20. Student Union ------------------------------------------------------- 275,000 21. Miscellaneous. C. E. Field House Greenhouse;
alterations to Y.M.C.A.__________________________________________ 35,000

$5,000,000

UNIVERSITY OF GEORGIA-ATHENS
1. Library-Franklin College campus --------------------$750,000 2. Library-Ag. Campus ------------------------------------------- 150,000 3. Two dormitories for women on Ag. campus______ 350,000 4. Academic building for women on Ag. campus____ 250,000 5. Dining Hall, Franklin campus_____________________________ 175,000 6. Poultry Department Building________________________________ 125,000 7. Plant Science Building____________________________________________ 250,000
8. Administration Building ---------------------------------------- 200,000 9. tSiohonpal BWuoilrdkin_g____f__o__r____I_n__d___u__s_t__r_i__a__l___A___r__t_s____a__n__d____V__:o__c__a__-_ 8,000 10. Greenhouse for Plant Science Department________ 35,000 11. Animal house for research work__________________________ 15,000 12. Central heating plant for buildings on North
campus and electric generating plant for all university buildings ----------------------------------------------- 350,000 13. Remodelling and renovation of Landscape Architecture building ----------------------------------------------- 8,000

2,666,000

UNIVERSITY OF GEORGIA SCHOOL OF MEDICINE-AUGUSTA

1. Administration and Classroom Building___________$200,000 2. Renovate Newton Building___________________________________ 40,000

240,000

GEORGIA STATE COLLEGE FOR WOMEN-MILLEDGEVILLE
1. Completion of Laboratory SchooL____________________$125,000 2. Science-Administration Building ----------------------- 250,000 34.. DFaocrumlittyorAypa--r-t-m----e--n--t--H---o--u---s-e--_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_--_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_--_-_ 215000,,000000
54

5. Renovating Atkinson Hall for Student Ac6. tTiwviotyHBomuieldMingan-a--g--e-m---e--n--t---H---o--u--s-e--s-_-_-c-!-'!-c-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_ 7. Addition to Library_____________________________________________ 8. Addition to HospitaL_____________________________________________
9. Greenhouse -------------------------------------------------------------

3750,,000000 25,000 35,000
10,000

GEORGIA TEACHERS COLLEGE-STATESBORO
1. Completion of Laboratory SchooL_____________________$100,000 2. Arts Building ------------------------------------------------------- 150,000 34.. GCeynmtnraalsiHumeat-i-n--g-----P--l--a--n--t--_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_ 112050,,000000 56.. SCtautdtleentanCdenHteorg --B-a-r-n-_-_--_-_-_-_-_-_--_-_-_-_-_-_--_-_-_-_-_--_-_-_-_-_-_--_-_-_-_-_-_--_-_-_-_-_-_--_-_-_-_-_-_- 1255,,000000 7. Fencing ------------------------------------------------------------------ 2,500

GEORGIA STATE WOMANS COLLEGE-VALDOSTA
1. Music Building ------------------------------------------------------$ 30,000 2. Health Service ------------------------------------------------------ 40,000
:: grxti~;sw:il :::::::::::::::::::=::::::::::::::=:::::=:=::=::::::::::: ~8;888
5. Adding wings to three dormitories and to Administration Building ---------------------------------------- 100,000
6. Renovating --------------------------------------------------------------- 60,000

GEORGIA EVENING COLLEGE-ATLANTA 1. Two Classroom Buildings____________________________________$400,000

DIVISION OF GENERAL EXTENSION-ATLANTA

None

GEORGIA SOUTHWESTERN COLLEGE-AMERICUS

1. Combination building-Dining Hall-Classroom__$115,000 2. Central heating plant_____________________________________ 50,000

3. Finish basement dormitory -laundry, play

4. 5.

rCooonmv,erdtodrimniitnogryha--l-l---i-n--t-o----b--o--y--s---d--o--r--m---i-t--o--r-y--_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_ Two 40-room dormitories____________________________________

10,000 15,000 180,000

6. Pitched roofs to two dormitories_________________________ 15,000

7. Complete and furnish student center__________________ 10,000

8. Equip gymnasium and finish offices____________________ 15,000

9. Convert president's home into Home Eco-

nomics Building ------------------------------------------------------ 3,000

1101.. EDraeicryt pBreasrinde-n---t-'-s---h--o--m---e--_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-__-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_

3,000 20,000

WEST GEORGIA COLLEGE-CARROLLTON
1. Science Building ------------------------------------------------------$ 80,000 2. Annex to Boy~' Dormitory__________________________________ 25,000 3. Central ~E!atmg Plant_________________________________________ 15,000 4. Small Chmc ----------------------------------------------------------- 15,000 5. Repairs__ -------------------------------------------------------------- 18,000

55

900,000 517,500 350,000 400,000
436,000 153,000

- MIDDLE GEORGIA COLLEGE-COCHRAN . 1. Boys Dormitory ---------------------------------------------$ 60,000 2. Infirmary ---------------------------------------------------------- 35,000 3. Girl's Dormitory --------------------------------------------- 52,000
4. Girl's Gymnasium -------------------------------------------------- 41,000 5. Mechanical-Engineering Building----------------------- 85,000
6. Science Building ----------------------------------------------- 50,000 7. Storage Building ---------------------------------------------- 5,000

328,000

NORTH GEORGIA COLLEGE-DAHLONEGA
1. Gymnasium-Drill Hall ---------------------------------------$100,000 2. Classroom-Science ----------------------------------------- 100,000 3. One Girl's Dormitory___________________________________________ 85,000 4. Two Boy's Dormitories___________________________________________ 170,000 5. Addition to Dining HalL_____________________________________ 30,000 6. Shop Building --------------------------------------------------- 10,000 7. Home Economics Building________________________________ 15,000 8. Dairy Barn -------------------------------------------------------------- 15,000

525,000

SOUTH GEORGIA COLLEGE-DOUGLAS
1. Centralized Heating Plant_________________________________$ 60,000 2. Two Dormitories (one for boys, one for girls) 125,000 3. Home Economics Building_____________________________________ 40,000 4. Small Infirmary ----------------------------------------------------- 30,000

255,000

ABRAHAM BALDWIN AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE-TIFTON
1. Centralized Heating Plant------------------------------$ 30,000 2. Forestry and Engineering Building_____________________ 50,000 3. Water Tower and Sewage System___________________ 14,000 4. Girl's Dormitory and Short Course Apartments
(Combined) -------------------------------------------------------- 61,000 5. New Dining HalL----------------------------------------------- 36,000

191,000

ALBANY STATE COLLEGE-ALBANY
1. Laundry --------------------------------------------------------$ 25,000 2. Central Heating Plant______________________________ 60,000 3. Gymnasium ----------------------------------------------- 50,000 4. Infirmary -------------------------------------------- 38,000 5. Shop for Industrial Arts________________________________ 35,000 6. Dormitory for boys_________________________________________ 75,000

283,000

FORT VALLEY STATE COLLEGE-FORT VALLEY
1. Health and Physical Education Building____________$150,000 2. Science Building (including space for Agri-
culture and Home Economics labs.) _________________ 175,000 3. Education Building --------------------------- 75,000 4. Music and Fine Arts Building_____________ 50,000 5. Library ----------------------------------------------- 125,000 6. Four Dormitories ------------------------------------ 475,000 7. Faculty Housing-five ---------------------------- 65,000

1,115,000

56

GEORGIA STATE COLLEGE--SAVANNAH
1. Dormitory _________:_______..:.~-------------$ 60,000 32.. LHiobmraeryMa--n-a-g--e-m--e-n--t-H--o--u-s-e-_--_-_-_--_-_-_--_-_--_-_-_--_-_-_--_-_- 580,,000000 4. Renovation ---------------------------------- 10,000

128,000

GEORGIA EXPERIMENT STATION-EXPERIMENT
1. Two Greenhouses --------------------------$ 50,000 2. Equipment for Wild Life Research________________ 35,000 3. Building for Horticultural Research____________ 65,000 4. Auditorium -------------------------------------------- 50,000

200,000

GEORGIA COASTAL PLAIN EXPERIMENT STATION-TIFTON

1. Diagnostic Laboratory ------------------------$ 20,000 2. Eight Tenant Houses________________________ 12,000
3. Machine Sheds --------------------------------- 5,000 45.. GBraerennshoautseA-la-p-a-h-a-_--_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_--_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_--_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_- 26,,400000

45,400

TOTALS------------------------------------------ $13,732,900

GEORGE FOSTER PEABODY RADIO AWARDS
Winners for 1943 together with the citations, as announced on May 1, follow:
The award for outstanding community service by a regional station goes to Station KNX, Los Angeles, for "These Are Americans," a series of six programs dealing with the Mexican-American groups in this country. Intelligently and carefully prepared, this series emphasizes the need for tolerance and understanding in a locality where the absence of these restraining virtues can lead to serious difficulties. The approach is realistic and fair, the presentation skillful and effective.
The award for outstanding public service by a local station goes to Station KYA, San Francisco, for its program "Calling Longshoremen," which was originated by Don Fedderson and which by the daily dispatch of longshoremen to vital points saved thousands of man hours and greatly increased the speed of shore loadings in one of the nation's busiest ports. Honorable mention to Station WSNJ, Bridgeton, New Jersey, for its program "Junior Commandos," which proved of special incentive and interest in the juvenile field.
The award for outstanding reporting of the year goes unanimously to Edward R. Murrow of CBS, who in 1937 helped to set up the first international chain of radio reporters, who set a standard

57

in his own delivery, and whose reports from Britain last year reached a high point on Decemb~r 3 in his_eye-witness account of a Fortress raid over Berlin, an account rightly entitled "Orchestrated Hell."
For outstanding entertainment in drama, the board voted a double award to "Lux Radio Theatre" and "An Open Letter to the American People"-both CBS presentations. The first, produced by Cecil B. DeMille. received more listening-post votes than any other program in this category. The second, written and produced by William N. Robson ( 1942 Peabody winner for his production of "The Man Behind the Gun"). argued with dramatic simplicity and force the futility of violence as a solution of racial problems.
The award for the outstanding entertainment in music goes to the Tabernacle Choir, whose Sunday program entitled "Music and the Spoken Word" originates in Station KSL of Salt Lake City. For twelve years past this choir of 400 voices under the leadership of Richard Evans has trained itself voluntarily for this weekly broadcast and has maintained throughout the highest standard of choral singing.
The award for the outstanding educational program goes to "Town Meeting of the Air," a forum which under the firm, fair moderation of George V. Denny. Jr., has challenged and edified the thinking of millions of Americans (Blue network). Honorable mention to the program entitled "Lands of the Free" which has blazed the trail here at home and in translation abroad for the Inter-American University of the Air (NBC) .
The award for the outstanding children's program goes to "Let's Pretend." Directed by Miss Nila Mack, this dramatization of great fairy tales has contributed both to entertainment and education, both to the passive and active development of children. The dramas are played chiefly by children themselves. In addition to the merit of this program's direct contribution to the imagination of American children, it has become one of the most unusual child-acting schools of the air-numerous veterans of its "troupe" have gone on to play remarkable juvenile parts on Broadway.
A special award has been voted this year to Bob Hope in recognition of the unfailing good humor and generosity with which he entertained our troops here and abroad. Humor is at a premium in a grim time like this and Bob Hope's was of the best.
The university faculty committee, in recommending the special citation for Bob Hope, spoke of "his untiring zeal and the high level
58

of entertainment of his camp tours in the United States and throughout the world," and said: "The joy and strengthened morale which he has given to the men ana women of the armed forces can never be measured. The Peabody committee does not wish to overlook this superb contribution."
First awarded in 1941. the Peabody citations are designed to give educational recognition to meritorious public service by broadcasters and to perpetuate the memory of George Foster Peabody, benefactor and life trustee of the University of Georgia.
This year's selections are the result of an elaborate screening process, the most detailed in the history of the awards. Last summer under the direction of Mrs. Dorothy Lewis, coordinator of listener activity of the National Association of Broadcasters, listening-post committees were set up in more than 100 cities throughout the country. The writer arranged for similar committees in many of the leading institutions of higher learning. The reports of these committees, plus scores of entries by stations and networks, were studied and incorporated in a digest and report prepared for the national advisory board by a special faculty committee of the University of Georgia.
After a preliminary screening, the board asked for additional information about certain programs. The individual members of the board then prepared their ballots. These votes were consolidated by Chairman Weeks and Director John E. Drewry. The winners represent the majority opinion of all these screening groups.
Members of the Peabody Advisory Board are: John H. Henson, president, American Association of Advertising Agencies, New York City; Dr. Ralph Casey, director, School of Journalism, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota; Jonathan Daniels, editor, Raleigh (N.C.) News and Observer and Administrative Assistant to the President, Washington, D. C.; Mark Ethridge, publisher, Louisville (Ky.) Courier-Journal and Times; Joseph Henry Jackson, literary editor, San Francisco (Calif.) Chronicle; Waldemar Kaempffert, science editor, New York Times; Alfred A. Knopf, publisher, New York City; Dr. I. Keith Tyler, director, Radio Education, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio; Mrs. Marjorie Peabody Waite, daughter of George Foster Peabody whose name the awards bear, president, "Yaddo"; Edward Weeks, editor, Atlantic Monthly, Boston, Massachusetts; Dr. S. V. Sanford, chancellor, University System of Georgia; and Earl J. Glade, mayor, Salt Lake City, Utah.
59

The faculty committee consisted of Mrs. Mary Goston, chairman, assistant in journalism; Miss florene Young, assistant professor of psychology; Byron Warner, assistant professor of music; George Blair, acting head, Department of Drama; E. Claybrook Griffith, associate professor of economics; Miss Lila Wenig, instructor in speech and radio; and Louis H. Edmondson, acting assistant professor of journalism.
Bing Crosby had his say in the Peabody Radio Awards of 1943. He spoke not as a movie and radio star, however, but as one of several thousand listening-post committee members, from coast to coast, who on December I 0 reported their selections to the School of Journalism, as one of the first steps in making the choices of the year. Mr. Crosby contributed his services to the Peabody awards without fanfare. His name appeared along with others of the Los Angeles area in a list provided by Mrs. Lewis, who as coordinator of listener activity of the National Association of Broadcasters quietly but effectively went about the creation of these listening-post committees. "I am quite thrilled to know that some five thousand people will have worked on this listener evaluation project for the Peabody Awards this year, among them outstanding people in many areas," Mrs. Lewis said in a letter to Director Drewry. "You will probably be interested to know that Bing Crosby is devoting attention to it. Letters keep coming in telling me of the great interest of he communiy and of local stations in this whole project as it has been set up with the listening groups." this whole project as it has been set up with the listening groups."
ADMISSION OF WOMEN
During the present academic session, which marks the twentyfifth anniversary of the admission of women to the university, the number of women on the campus has offered a strong contrast to the group of twelve who entered the university in September, 1918.
The first undergraduate work for women originated in the division of home economics of the College of Agriculture. It marked the first opportunity for women to secure the baccalaureate degree from any state institution in Georgia. Mrs. Lois Witcher Walker was the first woman to register at the university on September 16, 1928.
Until 1918 when 12 women registered in the junior class, only three state normal colleges in Georgia were open to women, and these colleges offered only a two-year course.
60

The approval of admitting women to the university was made by the prudential committee of the board of trustees in 1918. A series of petitions had been sent tothe trustees of the university previous to this time but were bitterly opposed.
Mrs. B. C. Morgan, chairman of a group of women from the Daughters of the American Revolution and Colonial Dames, sent the first petition in 1899. It was not only rejected but the trustees voted to have all reference to it expunged from the records of the meeting. Mrs. Morgan had brought the subject to the attention of the board of trustees as early as 1889 and during the intervening years had worked for the passing of the resolution.
A second petition was presented in May, 1902, but this was also turned down. The federated clubs continued agitating the opening of the university to women.
The world war and need for technically trained women brought on the organization of a course for women in home economics.
In 19 32 President Sanford inaugurated a system by which all freshmen and sophomore girls would be housed and taught at the old State Teachers College, which for the lack of a better name was denominated the Coordinate College of the University of Georgia.
The university leased the coordinate campus when the army established a unit of the Army Specialized Training Program at the university. President Caldwell recently announced that due to the government's suspension of the ASTP, the junior division of the university's program for women at coordinate will be re-established next fall.
STUDENT ENROLLMENTS
From about the turn of the century, college enrollments increased steadily, although not evenly, until 1933-34 when the first decrease was reported. They recovered quickly from this decrease caused by economic depression, however, and continued their upward trend until they reached 1,493,203 in 1939-40. Of this number, 1,364,815 were in residence the third week of the faU term of 19 39. This latter group included 4,322 military and 1,360,493 non-military students.
By the fall of 1943 the total enrollment of students at universities and colleges had dropped to an estimated 1, 120,300, which
61

was 17.9 percent less than the enrollment for the fall of 1939. Of these 1.120,300 student.s, only. 71.630 were non-military. This group is smaller by 598,863, or 44.0 percent, than the non-military enrollment reported at the outbreak of hostilities in Europe in 1939. Of the total lost, 556,737 were men and 42,126 were women.
College enrollments before 1939-40 usually increased by at least 75,000 to 100,000 every two years. Hence this loss of nearly 600,000 civilian students from the 1939-40 total is less than the true loss. The extent of the decrease can be appreciated more when it is recalled that the enrollment of all institutions of higher education in 1923-H was only 823,063. As a result of the decline in non-military college enrollments, the loss to the Nation in terms of technical advancement, cultural education, and civic competency has become a problem of the first magnitude.
When this loss in non-military students is analyzed by type of institution, it appears that during the past four years the institutions which confer the baccalaureate in arts and sciences, and professional degrees, have lost 41.6 percent of their non-military students; teachers colleges, 53.0 percent; normal schools, 60.8 percent; all teachertraining institutions as a group, 53.7 percent; and junior colleges 52.1 percent. Institutions under public control have lost 51.3 percent, whereas those under private control have lost only 35.7 percent.
The estimated total enrollment of 1.120,300 in the fall of 1943 just referred to represents a decrease of 7.3 percent from the 1.209,150 reported for the fall of 1942. Unpublished data assembled in the Office of Education indicate that the loss in non-military enrollments for all institutions of higher education from October 1942 to October 1943 was 34.4 percent. The decrease may be compared with those found in other studies in this field. Eells reports a median decrease of 32 percent in the enrollment of 239 junior colleges. Walters, reporting on non-military enrollments in 671 degree-granting institutions, set the average decrease at 30.5 percent; and Wickey found the average decrease among 571 church-related colleges and universities to be 28.3 percent.
WAR DEPLETES COLLEGE ENROLLMENT
War threatens the future intellectual leadership of the nation. This is why: Selective service and well-paying war jobs have greatly cut enrollment in high schools and colleges, draining off students and teachers.
62

College graduating classes this June numbered half their peak figure of more than 185,000 in 1940. High school diplomas went to 200,000 fewer students than in the fbp year of 1942 when they totaled 1,242,375.
Teachers colleges and normal schools lost even greater numbers. Enrollments in the former dropped fifty-three percent in the last year alone; in the latter, sixty percent.
Dr. Frazier, United States Office of Education, says that one of the most damaging effects of war is the eighty-nine percent decrease in graduate college students during the past four years. An eight and seven-tenths percent loss in high school students and a forty-four percent loss of undergraduate students will add to losses in the graduate schools for years to come.
"In few other human institutions is the destructive character of war more devastating than in the higher levels of learning. War's tolls on American education deprive the nation of many of its potential leaders, scholars, and professional workers."
The Office of Education figures show that over an age span of eleven years an average of thirty-eight percent of those who normally would be going to schools are in war jobs or the armed services. Further losses in college enrollments are to be expected, for while there are signs of a levelling-off in employment in certain war industries and in government, the demand for both men and women workers in most field~' continues unabated.
The chief causes for the decrease in students-selective service and employment in war related industries and other occupationswill undoubtedly continue to operate actively until the close of hostilities. There is a marked tendency at present to reduce the number of students granted selective service deferment; to lower physical requirements for induction into military services; and to eliminate college training for servicemen in the ground forces and air forces. While there are signs of a levelling-off in employment in certain war industries and in government, the demand for both men and women workers in most fields continues unabated. Further losses in college enrollments are to be expected.
A large number of students lost to high schools and colleges during the war will be lost permanently. On the other hand, many will return, the number depending largely upon the length of the war, postwar economic conditions, and the extent to which Federal educa-
63

tional aid is granted to veterans. In many institutions where men students predominate, yeterans. a!ld war workers may constitute a major part of the enrollments for several years after hostilities cease.
POSTWAR ENROLLMENT
At present it is almost impossible to predict what postwar enrollment will be for we do not know how much longer the war will last; how rapidly demobilization of military and war-plant personnel will take place; how high will be wages in private and government enterprises; how many will accept aid; and whether a year of compulsory military training will be required. All of these are important factors in determining postwar enrollment.
It can be assumed, we think, that enrollment will be the greatest in all history. There are many reasons for this statement. The outstanding one is due to the fact that our government placed tremendous importance on a college education and a diploma. Young people know it and for the first time so do parents.
While the war lasts the colleges are in for a hard life. Whatever sacrifices the patriotic faculty members must make, they will do so. We must educate men and women for the war machine or close our doors. After the war, our existing plants will not be large enough to care for the increased demand for a college education. More and better education for the masses and their leaders is our best hope for sound and peaceful living in the years to come.
Since the attendance in the university system has increased from 8,035 in 1933 to 13,736 in 1940, may we not reasonably expect the attendance in the next decade to be 20,000; and if federal aid is given then we may expect 25,000 students. The attendance increased 60 percent in the first decade; if it increases 50 percent in the next decade the attendance will exceed 20,000 students.
The university system, year by year, is doing its best, with its funds to serve the needs of a new time-not only the technical needs, but also the demands for a richer and a fuller life for the state.
For the first time in the history of Georgia we now have the material resources, the scientific knowledge and the industrial skill to establish the material basis of a high civilization. The one thing needed is to establish a society, a system, an economic structure which will enable these resources and this skill to be utilized. This presents a challenge to the university system and to the constructive intelligence of every citizen of our state.
64

DEMOCRATIC EDUCATIONAL PHILOSOPHY
What is our governmen.t doing tq,Pay for the enlisted personnel in the armed forces? It provides their uniforms, lodging, food, instruction, text-books, supplies, equipment, regular monthly pay, the privileges of insurance, dependency allowances, and other protections customarily made available. Rich and poor are treated alike. The only consideration is ability to profit from the instruction. This is as it should be.
What will our government do for these same men after the war is over? Is not the obligation of the government the same in peace as in war? A nation that spends hundreds of millions in higher education for war should be willing and under obligation to spend at least equivalent amounts for higher education for peace.
The education of youth is a duty of government, not of local government alone, but also a duty of the federal government. The farmer has been given federal aid; so has the banker; so has the unemployed. It would seem no more than fair that the Federal Government should undertake the obligation of aiding education.
America is committed to the principle of free public schools and it is unfair to deny the children of one community the opportunities granted to another. Federal aid is justified on the ground that since industries which draw their income from all parts of the nation are concentrated in relatively small areas, it is just that those industries or individuals that draw their income from these areas should contribute their full share towards public education.
The tenant farmer, the day laborer, or whatever his occupation may be is entitled to an education for his children, because he is a part of our economic structure. Every worker is attempting to add to the welfare and to the wealth of the nation. The Federal Government should do its part in recognizing the man's contribution to society.
ENROLLMENT IN ALL GEORGIA HIGHER INSTITUTIONS
The problems of higher education for the youth of Georgia have state-wide implications and affect all institutions providing education for those who complete the work of the accredited school. In Georgia there are 47 institutions of higher learning, of which 29 are on the senior level and 18 on the junior level. These 4 7 colleges do not include specially chartered schools of law, pharmacy, and business.
65

The total enrollment in the 47 colleges is 22,541-these figures do not include summer ~nrollment:, The enrollment in the 29 senior colleges is 19,444 and in the 18 junior colleges 3,097. There are 10 state senior colleges and these have an enrollment of 12,25 7 while the 19 senior colleges not maintained by the state have 7,187. It is thus seen that the state-maintained senior colleges are providing education for approximately 60 percent of those attending senior colleges. The 10 state senior colleges have an average of 1.225 students; the other 19 non-state senior colleges have an average of 3 78 students.
The 18 junior colleges have an enrollment of 3,097; in the six state junior colleges there are 1.680 students and in the 12 others, 1,408. There are I 0 colleges for Negroes with a total enrollment of 2,821; three are state-supported and seven are not. In the three state colleges, there are 776, approximately 28 percent.
66

TABLE I

ENROLLMENT OF COLLEGES IN GEORGIA

Narne of Institution

October 15-1938 1939 1940 1941 1942

1943

SenioArgInnesstiStuctoiottnsCollege, Decatur___________________________________________ *University System Center, Atlanta___________________________________________

Civ.
481 468 494 477 510 556 1279 1479 1640 1602 1227 1170

Mil. Total ---- 556 136 1306

BBeesrsriye CToilfltegCeo, lMlegt.e,BFeroryr-s-y--t--h--_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_--_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_--_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_--_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_--_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_Brenau College, Gainesville____________________________________

594 600 567 591 543 406 170 576 246 227 183 191 170 188 ------ 188 381 384 372 369 290 407 ------ 407

**ECmoloumrybiUa nTihveeorsloitgyi,caAl tSlaenmtian_a_r_y_,__D_e_c_a_t_u_r-_-_--_-_--_-_--_-_--_-_--_-_--_-_--_-_--_-_--_-_--_-_-

53

64

68

70

58

1326 1393 1410 1318 1264

62 439

62 870 1309

*Georgia School of Technology, Atlanta_______________________ *G. S.C. W., Milledgeville_____________________________________ *G. S. W. C., Valdosta__________________________________________________________
*Georgia Teachers College, Statesboro_________________________ LaGrange College, LaGrange____________________________________________________ Mercer University, Macon___________________________________________________

2493 1495 341
580 127 480

2590 1469 353 514
129 466

2761 1340
349 506 164 502

2835 1189
316 350 154 414

2549 948 248 160
138 466

785 1934 2719

831 750 1581

5oo 305

305

157

657

155 ------ 155

383 340 723

0...._\.

***Oglethorpe University, Atlanta________________________________________ Piedmont College, Demorest_________________________________________________
Shorter College, Rome________________________ *University of Georgia, Athens__________________________________________________

838 190 215
3379

671
176 210
3408

235 241
229
3377

167
195
211 2978

------
174 192
2127

334 73 224
1538

------
------
-----3116

334
73 224 4654

*University of Georgia School of Medicine, Augusta_______________ Wesleyan College, Macon______________________________________________
T O T A L S __________________________________________________________

163 168 178 210 242

266
--

245
--

260
--

311
--

396
--

14927 15014 14876 13948 11702

10
-53-5
8558

249 259

-------

535
--

8065 16623

Junior Institutions *Abraham Baldwin College, Tifton______________________________________ Andrew College, Cuthbert_____________________________________________________
Armstrong Junior College, Savannah_____________________________ Brewton-Parker, Mt. Vernon___________________________________ Emory at Oxford, Oxford_______________________________________________________
Emory Junior College, Valdosta___________________________________ *Georgia Southwestern College, Americus____________________________
Georgia Military College, Milledgeville_________________________
Gordon Military College, Barnesville______ Junior College of Augusta, Augusta________

377 405 341 289 167 113 100 213

120

82

85

83

96 120 ------ 120

262 276 263 204 181 181 ------ 181

105 127 119 194 180 162 ----- 162

189 181 171 207 180 151 ---- 151

50

69

74

63 XXX ------ --- XXX

350 139

374 155

378 176

305 197

166 124

126 68

-

126 68

143 136 138 148 116 42 100 142

264 253 290 259 200 151 ----- 151

TABLE !-Continued

*Middle Georgia College, Cochran__________________________________ Norman Junior College, Norman Park_______________________________

403 432 106 140

*North Georgia College, Dahlonega_________ Rabun Gap Nachoochee, Rabun Gap__________________________________________ Reinhardt College, Waleska_____________________________________
*South Georgia College, Douglas_________________________________ *West Georgia College, Carrollton_____________________________________________

585 593 143 145
89 94 340 311
428 449

Young Harris College, Young Harris_________________ 322 366

T O T A L S ____________________________________________________________

-- --
4365 4588

385 110
595 137 89 309 468 285
--
4413

354
99
650 101
70
251
274 220
--
3968

223 73 649
71 30 143 230 132
--
2967

63 65 368 50
50 91 163
-27-7
2241

320 -----286 ------
------
----50
- - ------
856

383 65 654 50 50 91 213 277
--
3097

Negro Institutions

0'1 00

**Atlanta University, Atlanta_______________________________________________ Clark College, Atlanta_______________________________________________________________
*Fort Valley State College, Fort Valley_______________________________________ **Gammon Theological Seminary, Atlanta________________________________ *Albany State College, Albany______________________________________________________ *Georgia State College, Savannah_____________________________________________
Morehouse College, Atlanta ______________________________________________________ Morris Brown College, Atlanta ________________________________________________ Paine College, Augusta______________________________________________________________ Spelman College, Atlanta______________________________________________________
T O T A L S ___________________________________________________________________________________

100
350 99 68 208
523 400 572 225 349
--
2894

230 360 218 63 334
556 415 639 269 361
--
3445

212 376 306
61 241
562 351 591 261
-38-4
3345

112
398 311 65 269 510 346 461 270
-38-4
3126

91 407 304
67 192
477 397 557 195 398
--
3085

175 431 298 63 159 319 242 432 220
-45-4
2793

------
------
-----------
-----------
28
-28

175 431
298 63 159
319 242
432 248 454
--
2821

COMBINED TOTALS-------------------------------------------------------------- 22186 23047 22634 21042 17754 13592 8949 22541

*Units of the University System of Georgia.

**Graduate School.

***Adult education included for 1938-39. xxxTransferred to the university's campus for the

duration of the war.

Compiled by the office of the Board of Regents, University System of

7-21-44-LW

Georgia, 100 State Capitol, Atlanta

Table II shows the comparative registration summary for seven years.

TABLE II

COMPARATIVE REGISTRATION SUMMARY

Enrollment in the University System-Fall Quarter

Name of Institution

1937 1938 1939 1940 1941 1942

1943

Senior Institutions

Civ. Mil. Total

University of Georgia, Athens_______________________________________________ 3178 3379 3408 3377 2978 2127 1538 3116 4654

Georgia School of Technology, Atlanta________________________________ 2354 2493 2590 2761 2835 2549 785 1934 2719 University System Center, Atlanta___________________________________ 1165 1279 1479 1640 1602 1227 1170 136 1306

University of Georgia School of Medicine, Augusta_____________ 155 163 168 178 210 242 10 249 259

Georgia State College for Women, Milledgeville___________________ Georgia Teachers College, Statesboro___________________________________ Georgia State Womans College, Valdosta_______________________________
Totals________

1363 502 306
--
9023

1495 580 341
--
9730

1469 1340

514 506

353
--

-34-9

9981 10151

1189 350 316
--
9480

948 160 248
--
7501

831 157 305 -4796

750 1581 500 657
305
-- --
6685 11481

0'1 \0

Junior Institutions Georgia Southwestern College, Americus_____________ 314 West Georgia College, Carrollton________________________ 296

350 428

374 449

378 468

305 428

166 230

126 163

-----50

126 213

Middle Georgia College, Cochran______________________ 345 403 432 385 354 223 63 320 383

North Georgia College, Dahlonega____________________________________________ 415 535 593 595 650 649 368 286 654

South Georgia College, Douglas__________________ 314 340 311 309 251 143

91 ----

91

- - - - Abraham Baldwin Agricultural College, TiftoJL_______ 317 377 405 341 287 167 113 100 213

Totals______________________________________________________

--
2001

--
2433

2564

--
2476

--
2275

--
1578

' 924

--
756

1680

Negro Institutions

Albany State College, Albany_______________________ 133

The Fort Valley State College, Fort Valley________________

Georgia State College, Savannah___________________ 343

Totals_____________________________________________

--
548

Combined Totals --------------------------------------------- 11572

208 523
--
824 12987

334 218 566
--
1118 13663

241 306 562 -1109 13736

269 311 510
--
1090 12845

192 304 477
--
973 10052

159 298
-31-9 776 6496

------
-----
--------7441

159 298 319
--
776 13937

6-20-44-LW

Table III shows the cumulative and the summer school enrollment for a period of five years.

TABLE III

CUMULATIVE AND SUMMER SCHOOL ENROLLMENT

Years-1938-39, 1939-40, 1940-41, 1941-42, 1942-43

Institution

1938-39 1939-40 1940-41 1941-42

TSehneioUrnCivoelrlesgiteys of Georgia, Athens_________________________________________
Georgia School of Technology, Atlanta_____________________________________ University System Center, Atlanta____________________________________________________

5475 3188 2048

6594 3433 2313

6124
3690 2927

5032
4813 2682

University of Georgia School of Medicine, Augusta_____________________ 163

168

179

459

Georgia State College for Women, Milledgeville______________________________ Georgia Teachers College, Statesboro_______________________________________________ Georgia State Womans College, Valdosta___________________

2433 1371
506

TOTAL___________________________________________________________ 15184

2533 1552
596
-
17189

2433 1307
-47-6
17136

1903 731 480
16100

Civ. 1274
785 449 26 501 254 178

1942-43 Mil. 4473 1934
312* 237

Total
5747
2719 761 263 501
254 178

3467 6956 10423

Junior Colleges

'l Georgia Southwestern College, Americus__________________ 385 0 West Georgia College, Carrollton____________________________________ 631
Middle Georgia College, Cochran________________________________ 449

398 712 463

432 655 412

426
713 470

63 106

63 . 106 468 , 468

North Georgia College, Dahlonega_____________________________________ 796

855

822 1083

290

305

595

South Georgia College, Douglas______________________________________ 371

350

333

363

77

77

Abraham Baldwin Agricultural College, Tifton_________________ 451

- - -447

374

382

116

116

TOTAL----------------------------------------------------- 3083 3225 3028 3437

652

773 1425

Negro Colleges

Albany State College, Albany________________________________ 617 1072

900

735

435

435

The Fort Valley State College, Fort Valley_________________ _____ 980 1746 1102 797

797

- - Georgia State College, Savannah______________________________________ 886 1195 1237 1169
--

516

516

TOTAL---------------------------------------------------------------------- 1503 3247 3883 3006 1748 Division of General Extension, Atlanta____________________________ 6441 4764 4280 4183 3530

1748 3530

Extension of Applied Science, Georgia School of Technology, Atlanta 1013 1206 1646 2584

COMBINED TOTALS____________________________________ 27224

-
29631

--
29973

29310

519 9916

519 7729 17645

*Institute courses for merit system administration.

6-16-44-LW

Table IV shows the number of graduates for each unit. Enrollment tells only a part of the story while the number of degrees conferred annually indicates the extent of the sustained interest. The figures below are the total number of graduates for the years 1938, 1939, 1940, 1941, 1942, and 1943, including summer school.

TABLE IV

NUMBER OF GRADUATES

UNIVERSITY SYSTEM OF GEORGIA

Institutions

TSehneioUrnCivoelrlesigteys of Georgia, Athens____________________________________________ Georgia School of Technology, Atlanta________________________________________

1938 831 323

University System Evening College, Atlanta__________________________________________ 38

University of Georgia School of Medicine, Augusta_______________________________ 34

Georgia State College for Women, Milledgeville___________________________________ 282

Georgia Teachers College, Statesboro___________________________________________________________ 85

The Georgia State Womans College, Valdosta___________________________________________ 43

.'...I...

TOTAL--------------------------------------------------- 1636

GJuenoirogriaCoSloleugtheswestern College, Americus___________________________________ 101

University System Junior College, Atlanta____________________________________________ West Georgia College, Carrollton__________________________________________________________ Middle Georgia College, Cochran________________________________________________________________ North Georgia College, Dahlonega_____________________________________________________ South Georgia College, Douglas___________________________________________________________________

13 72 85 120 71

Abraham Baldwin Agricultural College, Tifton_____________________________________ 72

-

TOTAL---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 534 Negro Colleges

Albany State College, Albany---------------------------------------------------------------------- 74

TGheeorFgoiartSVtaatleleCyoSllteagtee, SCaovllaengne,ahF_o__r__t__V__a_l_l_e_Y__-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_--_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_--_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-

----
61

I -

TOTAL-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 135 COMBINED TOTAL------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2305

1939 963 350 52 31 336 96 39
--
1867 73 13 81 85 131 65 93
--
541 123 46
- 4-6 215 2623

1940 1051 407
69 32 460 84
- 3-2
2135 97 19 106 90 157 87
- 9-3 649 89 57
- 6-4 210 2994

1941 1942 1943

1043 1005 724

433 448 381

69

69

44

37

42

46

434 326 271

120

82

53

37
--

- 3-6

- 3-0

2173 2008 1549

86 31

75

36

35

24

104

92

55

101

79

44

164 173 145

72

51

35

96
--

-5-9

- 3-9

654 564 378

115

91

56

24

39

59

- 9-2

-9-8

60
-

231 228 175

3058 2800 2102

7-19-44-LW

Table V shows the geographical distribution of the students in the university system. It will be aoted that there are students from every county.

TABLE V UNIVERSITY SYSTEM OF GEORGIA Enrollment According to Counties-Fall Quarter, 1943

WHITE INSTITUTIONS

Name of County

No. of Name of Students County

No. of Name of Students County

No. of Students

Appling -------- 13 Atkinson --------- 9

Bacon --------------- 7 BBaalkdewr in--_--_-_--_-_--_- 587
Banks - - - - - - - 10 Barrow-------- 10 BBeanrtoHwil-L-_--_-_-_-_-_--_-_-_- 2253
BBiebrbrie_n__-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-:11114
BBlreacnktlleeyy -_-_--_-_--_--_-_--_- 289
Brooks ---------- 26 Bryan ------------ 10 Bulloch --------- 72 Burke ----------- 28 Butts ----------------- 6

Calhoun ----------------- 18 Camden --------- 3 Candler ------------- 19 Carroll ------------------- 59 CCahtaoroltsoan -_-_-_-_-_-_-_- 32 Chatham ___________113
Chattahoochee________ 6
Chattooga ------ 15 Cherokee ------- 19 CCllaaryke_-__-_-_-__-_-_-_ 3116
Clayton ------------- 28 Clinch ---------- 3 Cobb --------- 62 Coffee -------- 56 Columbia --------------- 12 Colquitt -------- 42 Cook - - - - - - - - 14 CCorawweftaord---_---_---_---_-- 274
Crisp-------------- 41

Dale _

8

Dawson ----- 6 DDeeKcaatlubr _-_-_-_- _84148

Dodge ---------- 18

Dooly --------------------- 32 Dougherty ---------------- 58 Douglas -------------------- 10
Early -------------------- 31 Echols --------------- 4 Effingham -------------- 6 Elbert -------------------- 54 Emanuel ----------------- 47 Evans ----------------------- 19
Fannin ------------------ 11 Fayette -------------------- 4 Floyd ---------------------- 54 Forsyth ----------------- 10 Franklin -------------------- 24 Fulton ------------------1,604
Gilmer ------------------- 6 Glascock ------------------ 8 Glynn --------------------- 16 Gordon -------------------- 19 Grady ------------------- 36 Greene -------------------- 19 Gwinnett ----------------- 31
Habersham ------------- 27 Hall --------------------------- 39 Hancock ------------- 9 Haralson --------------- 14 Harris ------------------- 9 Hart --------------------- 27 Heard ---------------------- 8 Henry ----------------------- 8 Houston ---------------- 4
Irwin ----------------------- 13
Jackson ------------- 22 JJeafsfpeDr a-v--i-s--_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_ 143 Jefferson __________ 46 Jenkins ----------------- 15 Jones ----------- 14 Johnson ------------- 12
Lamar ------------ 11 Lanier --------------- 10

Laurens ---------------- 43 Lee ----------------- 10 Liberty ------------------- 13 Lincoln ------------- 12 Long ----------------- 3 Lowndes - - - - - 94 Lumpkin ----------------- 20
McDuffie ---------------- 27 Mcintosh -------------- 9 Macon ----------------- 22 Madison ------------- 27 MMaerriiownet-h-e--r---_-_-_--_-_-_--_-_- 1220 Miller ------------------ 10 Mitchell ---------------- 35 Monroe ------------- 12 Montgomery ---------- 8 Morgan ----------------- 16 Murray---------------- 11 Muscogee --------------- 75
Newton -------------- 19
Oconee -------------------- 19 Oglethorpe--------- 25
Paulding ------------ 9 Peach --------------- 12 Pickens -------------- 5 Pierce ------------------- 12 Pike --------------- 16 Polk -------------------- 26 Pulaski ------------- 13 Putnam ----------- 9
Quitman -------------- 2
Rabun ------------------ 15 RRaicnhdmolopnhd --_-_-_-_--_-_-_-_-_-_-_-11065 Rockdale ------------ 6
SScchrelevyen- -_-_-_-_-_- 1247 Seminole -------- 7 Stephens ------- 19 Stewart ------------ 18

72

Name of County

No. of Name of Students Coun_ty

No. of Name of SJudents County

No. of Students

Sumter ---------------------- 73 Spalding -------------------- 32
Talbot ------------------- 7 Taliaferro --------------- 9 Tattnall ------------------- 32 Taylor ---------------------- 17 Telfair --------------------- 19 Terrell -------------------- 26 Thomas ------------------ 44 Tift ----------------------- 55 Toombs ----------------- 32

Towns ----------------------- 8 Treutlen -------------------- 14 Troup ------------------------ 54 Turner --------------------- 17 Twiggs ---------------------- 7
Union ---------------------- 2 u_~~n =------------------- 23
Walker ---------------------- 24 Walton ---------------------- 50 Ware-------------------------- 75

WWaasrrheinngto---n------_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_ 1311 WWaeybnsteer--_--_-_-_-_-_--_-_-_-_-_--_-_-_-_-_- 217
Wheeler ---------------- 18 WWhhiittfeiel--d-----_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-__-_-_-_-_- 2115 Wilcox --------------------- 19 WWiillkkeinsso-n-----_-_-_-_-__-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_ 4127 Worth --------------------- 30

Total enrollment according to counties_____________________________________________ 5,565

73

Table VI shows the distribution by counties of students in the Negro institutions of the_ universitx,. system. There are students from 108 counties.

TABLE VI

UNIVERSITY SYSTEM OF GEORGIA Enrollment According to Counties-Fall Quarter, 1943

NEGRO INSTITUTIONS

Name of County

No. of Name of Students County

No. of Name of Students County

No. of Students

Appling ------- 2 Atkinson ------ 1

Bacon --------- 1

Baker -------- 7

Baldwin ------Ben Hill__________

8 9

Berrien--------- 4 Bibb ----------------- 29 Brooks ----------- 17 Bulloch --------------- 8 Burke ----------- 6

Calhoun ----------- 7 CCaamnddleenr _ ---_--_ ---_-- 21
CCahrartohlal m---_-_-_-_--_-_-_-_-_-_-1236
Chattooga ---------- 5 Clarke ----------- 6 Clay ----------------- 4 Clayton -------------- 1 Colquitt --------------- 4 Cook -------------------- 2 Coweta ---------------- 10 Crisp ------------------- 3

Decatur ----------- 21
Dodge ---------------- 2 Dooly ------------------ 7 Dougherty ------------- 54

Early --------------------- 11 Elbert ------------------ 8 Emanuel --------------- 3

Fayette ----------- 2
Floyd ------------------ 6 Franklin ---------------- 3
Fulton --------------------- 9

Glynn ----------------- 6

Grady ---------------------- 8 Greene --------- 4

Hall ----------------------- 3

Hancock -----Haralson ____

114

Harris -------------- 1
Hart --------------------- 8 Heard ------------------- 2 Henry----------------- 3 Houston ------------- 7

Irwin -------------- 4

Jasper ------------------ 1 Jeff Davis___________ 2
Jefferson ------------ 5 Jenkins ---------------- 5 Jones --------------- 1

Lamar -------------- 6 Laurens ------------- 7 LLoibwenrdtyes--__-_-_-__-_-_-_-_-:-_-_- 134

Mcintosh -------------- 5 Macon ----------------- 14 Madison --------------- 1 Marion ----------------- 1 Meriwether --------- 3 Miller --------------- 2 Mitchell ---------------- 28 MMoonnrtogeom--e--r-y----_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-__- 31
Morgan ----------------- 2 Murray---------------- 3 Muscogee ------------ 9
Peach ------------------- 29 Pierce ------------------ 4 Polk -------------------- 7 Pulaski ----------------- 5

Putnam -------------- 1
Quitman ---------------- 4
Randolph --------- 7 Richmond ------------- 2 Rockdale -------------- 1
Schley ------------------------ 1 SSecmreivneonle _-_-_-_-_-_-__-_-_-_-_-__- 69
Stephens ----------- 1 Stewart ------------- 10 SSpuamldteinr g---_--_--_-_--_--_-_--_- 147
Taliaferro -------------- 6 Tattnall ------------- 1 Telfair ----------- 9 Terrell -------------- 8 Thomas --------------- 12 Tift -------------------- 12 Toombs --------------- 3 Treutlen ---------- 1 Troup ------------------ 7 Turner ------------- 5 Twiggs ------------------- 4
Upson -------------------- 2
Walker ---------------------- 1 Walton --------------- 1 Ware ------------------ 8 W Waasrhreinngto--n--_-_-__-_-_-__-_-__- 83
Wayne ------------ 2 WWhebeestleerr -_-_--_-_--_-_--_- 24
Wilcox ---------------- 4 WWiillkkeinsso-n----_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_- 22
Worth ------------ 3

Total enrollment according to counties____________________________________ 787

74

Table VII shows the distribution of out-of-state students by

states and foreign countries in the white institutions of the university

system.



"'

TABLE VII

THE NUMBER AND GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF OUT-OF-STATE AND FOREIGN STUDENTS ENROLLED IN
THE UNIVERSITY SYSTEM

Alabama _________149
ACarkliafnosrnaisa --_--_--_-_--_--_-_--_- 2172 Connecticut ____________ 8
DFleolraiwdaare___-_--_-_--_-_-_--_-_--_-_-3194
Illinois ---------------- 10 Indiana ------------ 6 IKoewnatuc--k--y---_--_-_-_--_-_-_-_--_-_-_-_- 165 Louisiana __________ 27
MMaairnyelan--d---_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_- 137 Massachusetts __ 16 MMiicsshiisgsaipnpi---_--_-_--_-_--_-_- 363

WHITE INSTITUTIONS
MNeisbsroausrkia--_-_-_-_-_-_-__-_-_-_- 114 New Hampshire __ 1 New Jersey _______ 65 New Y ork______________101 North Carolina_______ 56 OOhkiloaho--m--a----_-_-_-_-_-_-__-_-_-_-_-_-_ 1133 Oregon ---------------- 2 Pennsylvania _____ 62 Rhode Island _________ 3 South Carolina_______ 59 Tennessee ___________161
Texas --------------------- 71 Utah --------------- 1

Vermont ----------- 1 Virginia ------------- 30 West Virginia ___ 30 Wisconsin __________ 4 Argentina _____ 1
Brazil --------------- 1 Costa Rica ---------- 3 Cuba ----------------------- 19 Dist. of Columbia__ 12 HHoawndauiira-s--_--_-_-_--_-_-_--_-_- 23 Panama __________ 1
PPeureurto---R--i-c-o---_-_--_--_-_--_-_- 17 Turkey ________ 1

Total enrollment of out-of-state and foreign students___________________1,397

Table VIII lists the number of out-of-state students enrolled in the Negro institutions of the university system.

TABLE VIII
THE NUMBER AND GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF OUT-OF-STATE STUDENTS ENROLLED IN THE UNIVERSITY SYSTEM

NEGRO INSTITUTIONS

Alabama ---------------- 5 California -------------------------- 1 Connecticut---------------- 1 Florida ------------------------------ 5 Louisiana --------------------- 2 Michigan ---------------------- 2

New Jersey --------------------- 2 Ohio ------------------------------ 1 Pennsylvania ------------------- 1 South Carolina ------------- 10 Virginia ---------------------------------- 1 West Virginia________________________ 1

Total------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 32

75

TABLE IX

NUMBER OF OUT-OF-STATE STUDENTS ENROLLED IN THE VARlOUS UNITS OF THE UNIVERSITY SYSTEM OF GEORGIA
FALL TERM, 1943

Narne of Institution

Students from U.S. Out-of-State Possessions and
Students Foreign Countries

*Albany State College, Albany_________________________ 3

Georgia Southwestern College, Americus____ 2

2

The University of Georgia, Athens________________ 138

7

Georgia School of Technology, Atlanta________ 1186

33

University System Center, Atlanta______________ 6

1

Univ. of Ga. School of Medicine, Augusta____

West Georgia College, Carrollton__________________

Middle Georgia College, Cochran____________________ 2

2

North Georgia College, Dahlonega_______________ 3

1

South Georgia College, Douglas___________________ 4

*The Fort Valley State College, Fort Valley 12

Ga. State College for Women, Milledgeville 14

3

*Georgia State College, Savannah___________________ 17

Georgia Teachers College, Statesboro___________

Abraham Baldwin Agri. College, Tifton_____

Georgia State Womans College, Valdosta____ 11

1

Totals___________________________________________________ 1398 *Negro Institutions.

50 7-19-44-LW

76

Table X shows the number of first honor graduates entering each unit in the university system.

TABLE X

FIRST HONOR HIGH SCHOOL GRADUATES ENTERING

THE UNIVERSITY SYSTEM OF GEORGIA

Name of Institutions:

Fall Quarters

USenniivoerrsIintystiotuf tGioenosrgia, Athens_________________________________

1937 31

Georgia School of Technology, Atlanta_________________________________ 11

1938 37 13

1939 42 13

1940 44 12

1941 45 14

1942 29 14

1943 22 7

University of Georgia School of Medicine, Augusta___________________ Three years of college work required.

University System Center, Atlanta___________________________________________ ----

7

1

7

3

1

3

Georgia State College for Women, Milledgeville__________________________ 37

43

39

44

38

36

30

Georgia Teachers College, Statesboro__________________________________________

9

21

15

30

16

5

14

Georgia State Womans College, Valdosta__________________________________ 2

12

1-3

13
--

-1-1

9

11

TOTALS------------------------------------------------------------ 90

133

123

150

127

94

87

'1 Junior Institutions

'-~ Georgia Southwestern College, Americus______________________________________ 19 West Georgia College, Carrollton..__________________________________________________ 15 Middle Georgia College, Cochran_____________________________________________ 10 North Georgia College, Dahlonega__________________________________________ 9 South Georgia College, Douglas___________________________________________________________ 2

11 24 11 19
3

11 20
5 17 7

15

12

15 .16

9

11

13

18

8

10

9 11 9 19 8

7 15
2 22 4

- Abraham Baldwin Agricultural College, Tifton______________________________ 3 TOTALS________________________________________________________________________ 58

- ----
68

15
-
75

- 22 82

6 73

5 61

2 52

Negro Institutions

Albany State College, Albany___________________________________________

6

7

7

6

4

4

2

Fort Valley State College, Fort Valley___________________________________ Georgia State College, Savannah______________________________________________________

---
-5

--6
-

13
-6

21 6
-

13 10

9 8

8 4

TOTALS----------------------------------------------------------------- 11

13

26

33

27

21

14

COMBINED TOTALS-------------------------------------------------------------------------- 159

214

224

265

227

176

153

12-20-1943-LW

TABLE XI
RECORD OF STUDE~TS EN'J'~ING SENIOR COLLEGES, 1942
Record of students entering Senior Colleges in the Fall Tenn, 1942 from Junior Colleges in Georgia which are members of the Georgia Associa~ tion of Junior Colleges, as reported by Georgia Senior Colleges, members of the Association of Georgia Colleges.

Junior Colleges

Graduate

Andrew ~~~~~-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~-~~------~-----~-------~------ 5

Annstrong Junior College~~--~~-------------- 14

Augusta Junior College~~----~-~~-~~~~-~------~----~-~~~~ 14

Abraham Baldwin Agricultural College~--~~-- 25

Brewton-Parker ~~~~~~~~~~-~~--~~------~~~~----~~~~~-~---~~~--- 7

Emory Junior (Oxford)~~~~--~~~~-~~---~~~---~~~~-~~-~-- 6

Emory Junior (Valdosta)------------~-------~---~~~~-- 4

Georgia Military College~-~-------~-~~--~~-~~-~~--- 13

Georgia Southwestern College--~~-~-~~~~~----~---~~~~--- 15

Gordon Junior College~~~~-~---~~------~-~--~-~---~---~~-- 1

Junior College of Atlanta________~~---~----~--~-~~~~-~~- 6

Middle Georgia College------------~-~-----~~- 9

Norman Junior College~------------------~- 4

North Georgia College~~-~~~~---~-------------~~-~~~~-~-~~~- 50

Rabun Gap-Nacoochee ~~~---~~~~-------~--------~--~-~~- 2

Reinhardt College ~-~-~~-~----~-~~--~~~--~~-~~~-~~--~~-~-- 3

South Georgia College~-~-----------~---~~~~----- 11

West Georgia College~-~~---~~--~~~-~~~~---~~~-----~-~-~---- 12

Young Harris College~~~~~~~~~~--------~~~~~~-~~~~~~---~~-~~- 3

Non-Graduate
0 17 21
8
4 21
20 8 17
7 19
23 3
45 3 3
10 11
9

Total
5 31 35 33 11
27 24 21 32
8 25 32
7 95 5
6 21 23 12

Totals~~-~~-~~~~~---------------------~----~~~~------- 204

249

453

Number reported from Agnes Scott-O; Bessie Tift-4; Brenau-1; Emory-51; Georgia State College for Women--41; Georgia State Womans College-S; Georgia School of Technology-68; Georgia Teachers College--S; LaGrange---3; Mercer University-68; Shorter-3; University of Georgia -196; Wesleyan-2.

THE UNIVERSITY SYSTEM OF TOMORROW
Out of periods of crises emerge those changes that, taken together, we call progress. To indicate briefly the objectives for the university system of today and of the immediate future, it can be made clearer by a brief, succinct historical sketch of the university in 1785, in 1862, and the university system in 1944, and the years ahead.
Historical Sketch
The University of Georgia was chartered by the General Assembly of the State of Georgia, January 27, 1785, just after the independence of Georgia, as a state, had been acknowledged. The charter is entitled "An act for the more full and complete establishment of a public seat of learning in this State, "and its preamble would do honor to any legislature and will stan~ a monument to the wisdom and patriotism of those who framed it and of those who adopted it."
78

The general scheme of organization and the course of study, modeled after the English colleges of that time, provided for the single collegiate degree of "Bachelor of Arts," and with literature, and the so-ca~led disciplinary studies, constituted the entire curriculum. Science as now recognized had no existence.
No college thus designed could keep pace with the growth and diffusion of knowledge. The expanding intelligence of the nineteenth century demanded wider areas of culture and knowledge. Science added new fields to human thought. With new knowledge came a new civilization which required a new education, and hence came the impelling force which planted scientific and technical schools throughout the world.
College of Agriculture and the Mechanic Arts
In July, 1862, the Congress of the United States granted to each of the states a munificent donation of public lands for the purpose of establishing a college in which science and its application to agriculture and the mechanic arts should be taught. The funds arising from the State of Georgia's quota of the landscript was transferred by the state to the trustees of the University of Georgia May
I. 1872, and the trustees at once established and opened the "Geor-
gia State College of Agriculture and the Mechanic Arts" as a coordinate department of the institution at Athens. In accordance with the act of congress, the leading object in this college is "without excluding other scientific and classical studies, and including military tactics, to teach such branches of learning as are related to agriculture and the mechanic arts."
Creation of Other State Institutions
In 1885 the Georgia School of Technology was established to promote a larger program in all forms of engineering than was being emphasized at Athens "under the expression 'mechanic arts'." .In 1889 the Georgia Normal and Industrial School for Girls- now the Georgia State College for Women-was established at Milledgeville so that women could be cared for in state-supported institutions of higher learning.
The establishment of the State College of Agriculture, the Georgia School of Technology, the Georgia State College for Women, the medical school. and the addition to the organization of the other institutions have given completeness to the system by incorporating
79

that scientific and technical education which was needed to supple~ ment the liberal training already provided; and the university sys~ tern is now, as far as tne regents 'have been able to carry out their plans, "a place where students can be trained for any and every re~ spectable path of life, and where, at the same time, the interests of higher education and science are cared for."
Simple College Now a Complex University System
Thus the foundation of the fathers, a simple college with a close curriculum, has grown to be a complex university, planned upon a broad and philosophic system, where literature and science are taught, liberal and technical education supplied, and elementary and pr~ aratory training provided for in the numerous colleges, schools, and departments comprising the organization now known as the Uni~ versity System of Georgia.
Slowly but surely, as this little imperfect sketch shows, prog~ ress in higher education has been made in Georgia. Just as there was an awakening in 1862 for a different type of education-agricultural and engineering-so there is another great awakening today, for we are now living in an air age-and no nation will survive unless it is a nation on wings-an age of scientific research in industry, in agriculture, in medicine, in nutrition. We must create new things and above all we must create new uses for old things.
EDUCATION'S FATE IN ITS OWN HANDS
Last October a committee of the National Association of Ameri~ can State Universities issued a statement to the effect that "Educa~ tion's fate is in its own hands." Whether we wish to accept this dec~ laration with all of its implications, it is true. What happened to universities in France in 1793 and the universities in Germany under Hitler are striking examples of the fate which befalls ancient institu~ tions, however revered, which fail in adapting themselves to changed social conditions.
In the future state support should be based on education's effec~ tiveness-not in the sense of vocational effectiveness, but in its ef~ fectiveness as training for citizenship and social living. Radical changes both in the content of studies and in the aims and underly~ ing spirit of our state supported institutions of higher learning are needed to serve the needs of a new time. Our system must meet not only the technical demands of a new world but also the craving
80

for a richer and fuller life for the whole community. Adaptation is essential to survival.
CONCLUSION
The annual report of the regents, of which the chancellor is a part, is the only medium, in large measure, that gives to the people of Georgia an account of the many activities of the university system and tpe plans projected for the development of the state supported institutions of higher learning-the University System of Georgia.
The records of the regents are an open book and available to every citizen of the state. The audits of the several units and also of the athletic associations of the University of Georgia and of the Georgia School of Technology are available at all times for inspection. These audits are made by the state auditor. As a matter of fact, all of these audits are published in the annual report of the state auditor, which report, I am informed is sent or is available to the members of the General Assembly.
The reports of the presidents, deans, directors, heads of departments, and others covering the activities of the several units of the university system are available to those interested. We are proud of our administrative, educational, and building record and we welcome an inspection of any and every phase of the activities of the regents, the central office, and the chancellor.
To the Governor, the General Assembly, the Regents, the heads of institutions, and to the efficient staff in the central office, who have always assisted me in my work cheerfully, I desire to express my deep appreciation.
Respectfully submitted,
S. V. SANFORD, Chancellor
Note: This report is supposed to cover only the activities of the system for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1944. Before proof could be read and the report printed, Governor Arnall made available additional maintenance funds, for which we are all grateful. These funds are:
1. The sum of $315,000 to increase salaries and to add other men of scholarship and ability to the faculties;
2. The sum of $150,000 to expand the fields of work in the College of Agriculture, in the Agricultural Extension Service, and the scope of work done at the Georgia Experiment Station and the Georgia Coastal Plain Experiment Station;
3. The sum of $120,000 to enlarge the scope of work at the Georgia Tech Engineering Experiment Station, to establish a school of nursing, to provide greater vocational facilities at the Georgia State College, etc.
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PART II
.. THE UNIVERSITY OF GEORGIA
Dear Chancellor Sanford:
I have the honor to submit to you the annual report of the University of Georgia in Athens for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1944.
There are attached to this report-in the order listed-and made parts thereof the following reports of various heads of divisions within the university:
Registrar Dean of Faculties Dean of the Graduate School Dean pf College of Arts and Sciences Dean of School of Law Dean of School of Pharmacy Dean of College of Agriculture Dean of School of Forestry Dean of College of Education Dean of College of Business Administration Dean of School of Journalism Dean of School of Home Economics Professor of Military Science and Tactics Director of War Service Program Dean of Students Director of School of Aviation Director of University Press Director of News Bureau Alumni Secretary Department of Grounds Director of Libraries
Since the comptroller of the university cannot begin work on his report until after the close of the fiscal year on June 30, his report has not yet been completed. It will be submitted to you later.
FACULTY
During the 1943-44 session the university has had 134 faculty members of various ranks. This figure does not include teachers in the demonstration school or members of the library staff having faculty status. It does not include instructors employed on a temporary basis to assist in handling the Army Specialized Training Program.
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Of the 134 regular members of the faculty, 42 held the degree of Ph. D. or the highest professional degree offered in their respective fields, 75 held masters' degrees, 15 herd bachelors' degrees, and two had no degrees. This showing would be somewhat better were it not for the fact that so many of the younger members of the faculty with advanced academic training are on leaves of absence.
During the past year 67 members of the teaching and administrative staff of the university have been away on leaves of absence. Most of those on leave are serving in the armed forces of our country.
In line with our policy of filling as few vacancies as possible during war time, very few new appointments were made to the regular faculty of the university during the past year. Miss Jane Franseth was brought in at the beginning of the year to assume direction of the program for the education of supervisors. This program was established with the assistance of the State Department of Education and the Rosenwald Fund to meet an acute need in the state. Miss Elizabeth Jennings was appointed to the faculty of the department of physical education for women. Two persons had left this department and it was necessary to replace at least one of them. In February Dr. L. V. Howard was appointed as professor of political science and director of the bureau of public administration. This appointment was made at this time in order to make it possible for the university to render more effective assistance to the recently created Agricultural and Industrial Development Board of the state. Another appointment made during the year was that of Dr. Kenneth Williams to the deanship of the school of education. Dr. Williams came to the university on May 1 but he will not take over the responsibilities of the deanship until September 1. This appointment was made because of the fact that Acting Dean E. D. Pusey is scheduled to retire at the beginning of the next calendar year when the Teachers' Retirement Law becomes effective. Two persons were brought in on a temporary basis to handle the cadet nursing program that was established in the university system with assistance provided by the Act of Congress known as the Bolton-Bailey Bill.
During the past two years two of the most able and best loved members of the faculty were claimed by death. Mr. W. 0. Payne of the history department died on March 24, 1944 and Mr. John R. Fain of the agronomy department died on March 26, 1944. Both of these men had been in poor health for some time and their deaths were not unexpected. Mr. Payne had not been able to do any work since the summer of 1943. Mr. Fain had been employed on a part-time
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basis for several years. Both of these men had made outstanding

contributions to the work of the university and they will be missed

greatly.



-

The report of the dean of faculties gives the names of those who resigned from the faculty and who were granted leaves of absence during the past year. It also gives the names of all new persons employed, including those who were brought in to handle the army program. This report also indicates the research work in which various members of the faculty were engaged and lists the publications and speeches made by them.

STUDENTS AND GRADUATES
The enrollment in the summer session of 1943 was 1,166 as compared with 1,882 during the summer session of 1942.
The enrollment in the regular session of 1943-44 was 1,836 as compared with 2,343 during 1942-43. The drop in enrollment was 507. It is interesting to observe, however, that the enrollment of women students was 204 more in 1943-44 than in 1942-43. The number of women in 1943-44 was 1,134 as compared with 930 in the preceding year. The number of men, however, was considerably less last year than the year before. The 1943-44 enrollment of men was 702 as compared with a 1942-43 enrollment of 1,414-a drop of 712.
The attendance in the graduate school is holding up fairly well; in fact, it was larger last year than the year before. In the summer of 1942 there were 85 graduate students; in the summer of 1943 there were I 00 graduate students. In the regular session of 1942-43 there were 44 graduate students; during 1943-44 there were 74 graduate students.
The school of education also showed an increase in enrollment. The number of students registered in that school in 1943-44 was 205 as compared with 148 in the preceding year.
The largest declines in actual numbers were in the college of business administration, which lost 231 students, and in the college of agriculture, which lost 230 students. The largest percentage drop in enrollment was in the school of forestry whose enrollment declined from 52 students in 1942-43 to 17 students in 1943-44, a reduction of 67.31 per cent.
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The student body last year was from all sections of the state.
Students were here from 15 3_ of the 15_9 counties of Georgia. Nearly
half of the students-40 per cent of those from Georgia--came from south Georgia, that is, from below Macon.
During the 1943-44 session 179 students-9.75 per cent of the total enrollment--came from other states or foreign countries.

SUMMARY OF DEGREES CONFERRED IN SESSION 1943-1944

Men Graduate School ---------------------------------------------------- 7 College of Arts and Sciences_____________________________ 37 School of Law________________________________________________________ 14 School of Pharmacy_____________________________________________ 4 College of Agriculture_______________________________________ 44 School of Forestry________________________________________ 6 College of Education__________________________________________ 5 College of Business Administration_________________ 26 School of Journalism_________________________________________ 4 School of Home Economics_________________________________ 0
Totals____________________________________________________________ 110

Women 13 71 0 1 0 0 55 25 22 89
205

Total 20
108 14
5 44
6 60 51 26 89
42'3

SUMMARY OF ENROLLMENT 1943-1944

Academic

Year

Graduate School ___________________ 64

SCcohlloeogleooffLAarwts____a__n__d____S__c__i_e__n__c__e__s_

733 21

School of Pharmacy______________ 39 College of Agriculture__________ 152

School of Forestry________________ 17

College of Education___________ 177

College of Business Adm.____ 244

School of Journalism____________ 122

School of Home Economics__ 267

1943 Sum. Qtr.
92 378 22 2'1 121
6 197 122
37 170

Sum. Qtr. Duplicates
12 212 22 17
78 5 46 91 28 116

1836

1166

627

Fiscal Year
144 899
21 43 195 18 328 275 131 321
2375

EDUCATIONAL AND GENERAL COSTS
The tentative report of the university comptroller for 1943-44 shows the following expenditures:
Administration ____________________________$ 74, 928.46 Instruction ---------------------------------- 59 6, 775.5 6 Research -------------------------------------- 12,846.49 Library ---------------------------------------- 76, 872.9 3
The figure for administration covers all administrative expenses for the work of the university and for the administrative services rendered by the university to the U. S. Navy Pre-Flight School and

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the Army Specialized Training Program. Considerably more than half of the amount set up for adntinistration was paid by the Navy and Army. Nevertheless, I shall use this figure in determining the administrative and general costs per student for the 1943-44 session. If this figure is divided by 1,836, the number of students enrolled in the regular session, the result is $40.81 per studeQ,t. It should be borne in mind, too, that the figure of $74,928.46 is the cost of administration for twelve months, while the figure of 1,836 is the enrollment for the nine months' regular session.
From the comptroller's figure of $596,775.56 for instruction, certain deductions should be made before getting a figure which represents the true cost of instruction for 1,836 students during the regular
Vocational Home Economics Supervision 9,269.27 session. These deductions are:
Vocational Agriculture Supervision________ $15, 659.02 Vocational Distribution Education__________ 3,990.24 Practice School -------------------------------------- 25, 716.1 0 Summer School Salaries__________________________ 35, 906. 37
Total deductions __________________________$90, 541.00
If the figure of $90,541.00 is subtracted from the total educational expenditures of $596,775.56, the remainder is $506,234.56. Dividing 1,836, the number of students in the regular session, into $506,234.56 gives an educational cost per student of $275.72.
The expenditure for organized research was $6.99 per student and for the library was $41.87 per student.
Summary of costs per student:
Administration __________________________________________$ 40.81 Instruction -------------------------------------------------- 275. 72 Research ------------------------------------------------------ 6. 99 Library ------------------------------------------------------ 41.8 7
TotaL______________________________________________$365. 39
The cost per student for plant operation is not given since the figures showing the exact cost of plant operations are not available. If this cost is in line with the amount set up in the budget, the cost per student will be about $50.00, bringing the total cost per student to $415.39.
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The cost per quarter hour of instruction in the various schools and colleges of the university.during 19...43-44 was as follows:
Arts and Sciences____________________________________________ $ 4. 41
Agriculture -------------------------------------------------- 37. 75 Business Administration -------------------------------- 4. 02 Education --------------------------------------------------- 10. 04 Forestry ------------------------------------------------------- 26. 16 Home Economics ----------------------------------------- 7. 89 Journalism ---------------------------------------------------- 5. 41 Law ------------------------------------------------------------ 18. 06 Pharmacy ---------------------------------------------------- 21.22
The relatively high costs in some of the schools are due to the drastic falling off in the size of their student bodies. The figures given do not always reflect the true cost of classroom instruction. For instance, in the case of the college of agriculture the cost given for instruction covers not only instruction in the classroom but also the cost of short courses given by professors in Athens and throughout the state, the cost of services of professors spent in research, and the cost of supervision of productive enterprises which yielded a gross income of $463,681.51.
ADMINISTRATIVE CHANGES
Very few administrative changes were made during the year that has just closed. Mention should be made of two or three readjustments.
The statutes of the university. approved by the Board of Regents in 1940, provided for the position of director of admissions in the
office of the dean of students. On July 1. 1943 this position was
created. Dr. Ralph Thaxton was appointed as director of admissions. Dr. Thaxton gives part of his time to this work and devotes the rest of his time to his duties as professor of history. The office of the registrar, which until this past year handled the work of admissions, has been relieved of responsibility for admitting new students to the university and now serves only as a record keeping office. The new arrangement has worked admirably.
As has been mentioned above, the regents early in 1944 authorized the establishment at the university of a bureau of public administration. One of the chief functions of this bureau for the present is to serve as an advisory agency to the Agricultural and Industrial Development Board created at the last regular session of the General
87

Assembly. To fill the position of director of the bureau of public administration, Dr. L. V. Howard- was brought to the university in February of 1944. Dr. Howard is also serving as acting head of the department of political science in the absence of Dr. Merritt Pound and as executive director of the Agricultural and Industrial Development Board.
It has seemed wise to give to some member of the faculty special responsibility for handling, with the Army, Navy, and the Veterans' Division of the Federal Government, the details incident to the coming to the university of discharged servicemen. Mr. Robert M. Strozier, who served most efficiently as director of the Army Specialized Training Program, has been given this assignment. He and his associates in this undertaking will handle all negotiations with government officials, will interview and counsel with all veterans coming to the university, will assist them in the selection of their courses of study, will work with the deans of the colleges in arranging any special courses of study that may be required. The plan of organization that we have adopted is similar to that which is in effect at the University of Illinois and several other outstanding universities.
Mention has been made of the fact that Dr. Kenneth Williams was, in the spring of this year, elected by the Board of Regents to fill the position of dean of the school of education. Dr. Williams is doing some teaching here this summer but will not take over the duties of the deanship until September 1, 1944.
In April of this year Colonel F. M. Armstrong, professor of military science and tactics, reached the army retirement age and was relieved of his duties. The position left vacant by his retirement was filled by the appointment of Colonel Richard B. Trimble.
ARMY AND NAVY PROGRAMS AT THE UNIVERSITY
During the past year the regular R. 0. T. C. program of the university was drastically modified by orders of the War Department. The advanced phase of the program (junior and senior work) was discontinued for the period of the emergency. The basic R. 0. T. C. classes, cavalry and infantry, were consolidated into one infantry unit. The cavalry unit was suspended for the period of the emergency. We have the assurance of the War Department that the cavalry unit will be reestablished after the war if it is then the policy of the War Department to have cavalry units.
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The Signal Corps School in Athens, for the students of which the university provided housing_and messl,ng accommodations, was dis~
continued about July 1. 1943. Reference to this was made in last
year's report.
On June 15. 1943 the Army established at the university an Army Specialized Training Program. The maximum number of students assigned to the university was approximately 650. Provision was made for this program on the coordinate college campus. lnstruc~ tion was given by regular members of the university faculty and by other teachers whom the university employed for this purpose. The civilian director of the program was Mr. Robert M. Strozier. This program was handled very successfully and the school functioned most effectively until its termination by order of the War Department on April 1, 1944. Full details of this program will be found in the attached report on War Service Programs of the university.
The U. S. Navy Pre~Flight School. which has been described in detail in earlier annual reports, continued to function throughout the past fiscal year. I am informed that within the past few days orders have been received reducing by one half the number of students in the school. We do not yet know what effect, if any, this reduction in the size of the school will have on the Navy's contract with the university. It is probable, however, that the Navy will continue to use all the facilities of the university that it now has.
For some time, as indicated by the last annual report, the University of Georgia and the University of Georgia School of Aviation have been conducting a C.A.A.~W.T.S. program for the Navy. We have been formally notified by the Navy that this program will come to an end on August 3, 1944. Similar programs through~ out the country have been terminated or will be terminated by August 3, 1944. This program is described fully in the report on War Service Programs. Perhaps it would not be improper for me to say that, because of constant changes by the Navy in its policies and because of a lack of thorough understanding between the Navy and the Civil Aeronautics Authority, this program has, from the standpoint of the university, been far from satisfactory.
UNIVERSITY'S ACADEMIC PROGRAM
There have been no major changes in the academic program of the university during the past year. We have, however, withdrawn a number of courses at least temporarily. The smaller student body and faculty have made this necessary.
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It is my firm conviction that the university undertakes to offer too many courses. I havg, therefor.. urged all the faculties to make careful studies of their academic offerings with a view to eliminating courses of doubtful value and to concentrating the efforts of faculty and students on a smaller number of more worth while courses. If this is done, it will mean the elimination of many classes with exceedingly small enrollments. It will also mean that the ratio of faculty members to members of the student body will be smaller in the postwar period. With a given amount of money we shall be in a position, therefore, to pay somewhat better salaries to those who are employed and perhaps also to release more of the time of some of our faculty members for research work. The reduction in the number of courses should not impair the quality of our educational program. I am convinced that we have gone further than sound educational policy permits in allowing students to "elect" their courses of study. After determining the nature of a student's aptitude and interests, the faculty should be in a better position than the student to prescribe courses of study. Committees of some of the faculties of the university are already giving consideration to the revision of the curricula of their schools. We hope that some of the proposed curricular changes can be made in the near future so that they may be announced in the next catalogue of the university.
Perhaps I should say, although I do so reluctantly, that the quality of the academic work of our students during the past year has not been as good as usual. We believe that this is due to the uncertainties and anxieties created by war conditions, and also to the fact that the living conditions of our students are not as conducive to study as they were before the war. Most of our dormitories are occupied by the Navy., Many of our students are living in overcrowded dormitories and houses. There are no recreational halls and study rooms. This condition will be at least partially corrected in September when freshman and sophomore women are moved back to the coordinate campus.
POSTWAR PLANNING COMMITTEE
During the past year a committee was appointed to make a study of the conditions that are likely to prevail after the war, and to make recommendations concerning policies that the university ought to adopt in order to make the best possible adjustment to those conditions. This committee consisted of John Wade, Chairman, 0. C. Aderhold, R. P. Brooks, Paul Chapman, Julian Miller, R. M.
90

Strozier, and Wayne Yenawine. Several sub-committees were appointed. The chairmen of !he sub~CO.Jllmittees and their topics of study were:
0. C. Aderhold-The University and the Veterans R. P. Brooks-Educational Policies and Practices Paul Chapman-The University and Its Finances Julian Miller-Research and Graduate Work in the University R. M. Strozier-The University and Student Services-par-
ticularly Guidance Wayne Yenawine-The University and Its Library
The committee and its various sub-committees have worked diligently and have prepared most creditable reports that should be exceedingly helpful in plotting a course for the future. Summaries of the sub-committee reports are attached to this report. Full copies of these sub-committee reports can be made available if they are desired. I am attaching the full report of one sub-committee-that dealing with the financial needs of the university. I hope you can study this carefully as it gives estimates of the university's financial needs in the postwar period for teaching, research, libraries. and plant operations. The report also recommends a reduction in student fees and gives an estimate of the amount of money that will be needed from the state in order to make good the loss that the university will suffer as the result of this reduction. (See Appendix A.)
PHYSICAL IMPROVEMENTS
In December 1943 work was completed on a large drill hall and indoor swimming pool. This structure is located on the site of the old baseball field. The cost of the building was approximately one-half million dollars and it was paid for entirely by the Navy. As long as the pre-flight school remains on the university campus. this new building will be used exclusively by the Navy. After the pre-flight school leaves, this building will come to the university. It can be utilized to great advantage in developing a well-rounded and thorough physical education program for our students. The Navy has also erected during the past year on the south campus of the university a wooden structure that is now being used as a ship's store. The entire cost of this building-approximately $10,000.00was paid by the Navy.
In the 1942-43 budget there was included an item of $20,000.00 for the construction of a meat curing plant. This amount was to be supplemented by a gift of $5,000.00 from Mr. Cason Callaway.
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When plans for the building were drawn and bids received for its construction, it appeared that the lowest bid was $34,309.00. Additional funds were securea from the regents and from unappropriated surplus of the university so that a contract could be let for this figure. We then ran into difficulties in securing the necessary priorities for materials and equipment. There has been considerable delay in starting work on this building. Now, however, all necessary priorities have been secured and as soon as it is possible to buy lumber, work will begin. Construction should be completed within ninety days from the time work gets under way.
During the past year arrangements were made for paving approximately two and one-fourth miles of road on the university campus. Because some of this pavement was needed by the Navy in connection with the activities of the pre-flight school, the Navy agreed to pay toward the cost of this work the sum of $25,000.00, the amount required for paving the eight tenths of a mile of road in which the Navy was particularly interested. The remainder of the cost was paid by the State Highway Department. We are grateful to Mr. Ryburn Clay, director of the highway department, for the thoughtful consideration and assistance that he has given to the university.
Work on this paving project is now under way and should be completed during the month of July.
The physical improvements that have been made on the campus this year have come largely as a result of the tireless efforts of the chancellor. To him we express our appreciation for this and other invaluable services that he has rendered to the university.
ALUMNI SOCIETY
Under the leadership of Mr. Frank Foley, president, and William Crane, secretary, the alumni society has been quite active during the past year. Plans are now being developed for launching a quiet drive for funds for the University of Georgia Foundation.
The report of the alumni secretary, which is attached hereto, indicates that the alumni society office has in its files names of approximately 3,500 alumni who are now in the armed forces. There is a probability that there are others whose names we do not have. Of those for whom we have records, about 75 per cent are commissioned officers and about 25 per cent are non-commissioned officers and privates.
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The alumni society records indicate that up to date 76 alumni are known to have been killed in service, and 102 have been decorated for bravery in action.
GIFTS
During the past year the university has received a number of gifts from various sources. There is set forth below a list of the major contributions to the university:
1. The General Education Board gave to the university during 1943-44 the sum of $12,500.00 toward the program for the development of the library. The same amount will be paid during 1944-45.
2. The General Education Board made available to the university during 1943-44 $6,000.00 for the development of research in plant pathology and plant breeding. A report has already been submitted to the General Education Board.
3. In August 1943 the university received from the executors of the estate of Mrs. Clarinda P. Lamar a check in the amount of $25,000.00 which represented a bequest made to the university in Mrs. Lamar's will. According to the terms of the will, this money will be used for the establishment of the Joseph Rucker Lamar Scholarship Fund. Mrs. Lamar also left to the university a collection of books and papers.
4. In May 1944 there came to the university as a residuary legatee under the will of the late Mrs. Elizabeth M. Bullard the sum of $37,000.00. This was placed in the general endowment fund.
The university received in February 1943, as was said in the last annual report, the sum of $5,000.00 as a specific bequest under the will of Mrs. Bullard.
5. In December 1943 Mr. Richard W. Courts and Mr. Malon Courts gave to the university foundation for the use of the university nine shares of stock in the Southern Mills, having at that time a market value of $4,275.00.
6. In January 1944 Mr. LeRoy Michael and Mr. David Michael gave to the university foundation in honor of their father the sum of $5,000.00, the income from which is to be used for the promotion of research in the college of arts and sciences.
7. In April there was held on the campus an auction of art works by members of the faculty, students, and friends of the art
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department. The net proceeds of the sales amounted to $1.579.00. This amount has been set up in a special trust fund for the art department. The total amount il1"' this fund is now $3,850.00.
8. Other gifts to the art department during the past year include:
From students and faculty ____________________________ $1 74.13 Athens Art Association________________________________ 3 7. 50 Athens Friends of Art__________________________________ 52.70 Hatton Lovejoy ------------------------------------------ 100.00 Fuller Callaway ------------------------------------------ 100.00 Michael Brothers ---------------------------------------- 75. 00
9. During 1943-44 the landscape architecture department received the following gifts:
Peachtree Garden Club________________________________$ 50.00 Sand Hills Garden Club______________________________ 25.00 Baird's Georgia Nurseries-Plants valued at 100.00 Mrs. Lawrence Weston-Books valued aL__ 50.00
10. Sears, Roebuck and Company gave $1.000.00 to the college of agriculture for freshman scholarships.
11. Sears, Roebuck and Company gave $500.00 to the college of agriculture for defraying the costs of certain short courses.
12. The American Potash Institute gave $1.000.00 to the college of agriculture for agronomy research.
13. Georgia butter manufacturers gave $1.800.00 to the college of agriculture for studies in the improvement of cream.
14. The Division of Vocational Education gave $1.200.00 to the college of agriculture for studies in food processing.
15. Mrs. R. W. Woodruff gave $100.00 to the music department.
16. Mrs. Fred Hodgson gave $150.00 to the music department.
17. Dr. Craig Barrow gave $50.00 to the music department for the Hodgson Prize.
18. The coordinator of inter-American affairs in the State Department made available to the university $300.00 for lectures on Central and South American affairs.
19. The Atlanta Constitution established two scholarships in the school of journalism that have an annual value of $285.00.
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20. The Atlanta Journal gave to the university a contribution toward the cost of the Charlot Mural in the amount of $300.00.
21. The Atlanta Journal has til.ade arrangement to place at the university a complete file of its papers.
22. The university library has received many contributions of books and papers. These are listed on pages 7. 8. 9 and 10 of the report of director of libraries. Particular mention should be made of the fact that during the year arrangements were made for the transfer from the state library in Atlanta to the library of the university of 11,968 official publications of states other than Georgia.
23. Mention should be made of the fact that there were a number of donations by alumni to the University of Georgia Foundation. These donations ranged from $5.00 to $250.00. The aggregate of the sums so contributed during the past year was in the neighborhood of $3,000.00.
SPECIAL AND NON-RECURRING NEEDS
In accordance with your request, I am submitting to you a statement of the needs of the University of Georgia. I realize that these estimates are large. They represent not what we ex'pect to get for the university in the immediate future, but rather the goals toward which we should strive over a period of a few years.
BUILDINGS
1. Library on north (Franklin College) campus to house 750.000 volumes________________________________________$750,000.00
2. Library on south (agricultural) campus to house 100,000 volumes and to provide facilities for college of agriculture, school of forestry, school of home economics, and women living in dormitories on south campus__________________________________________________ 15 0, 000.00
3. Two dormitories for women on south campus______ 350,000.00
4. Academic building for women on south campus____ 250,000.00
5. Dining hall, north campus, to replace Denmark Hall -------------------------------------------------------------------- 175. 000.0 0
6. Poultry department building. This department is now housed in a temporary stucco and frame building whose facilities are grossly inadequate______ 125,000.00
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7. Plant science building. This building is badly needed by college of agriculture. The space vacated in Connor Hall by removal-of horticulture and agronomy can be turned over to animal husbandry which is now without adequate quarters______________ 250,000.00
8. Administration building. There is now no space for housing records. One of the greatest needs of the university is an adequate central office with complete records for use by deans, counseling officers, placement bureau, alumni office. Present quarters of academic offices can be utilized for classroom purposes ------------------------------------------------------------- 200, 000. 00
9. Shop building for industrial arts and vocational wark ------------------------------------------------------------------ 8, 000. 00
10. Greenhouse for use of plant science department______ 35,000.00 11. Animal house for use by research workers in
zoology, bacteriology, pharmacy and animal husbandry ---------------------------------------------------------- 15,000.00 12. Central heating plant for buildings on north campus, and electric generating plant for all university buildings -------------------------------------------------- 350,000.00 13. Remodeling and renovation of landscape architecture building -------------------------------------------------------- 8,000.00
$2,666,000.00
EQUIPMENT
I am attaching to this letter statements that I have received from various departments of the university setting forth their needs for permanent equipment. It is probable that much of this equipment can be obtained from the Federal government after the war. That which cannot be obtained from this source should be purchased elsewhere as funds become available. Some of the estimates seem to me to be unreasonably high. I hope soon to discuss each request with the department head who submitted it.
The requests for equipment and, in the case of the college of agriculture, for equipment and miscellaneous farm buildings may be summarized as follows:
1. Landscape architecture __________________________________________ $ 1,500.00 2. Pharmacy ------------------------------------------------------------ 10,327.00
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3. Physics (no prices on certain items) . This request is in addition to a req,!leSt for $1.200.00 to buy A.S.T.P. equipment.

4. Mathematics -------------------------------------------------------- 9,699.48

5. Forestry -------------------------------------------------------------- 5.421.40

6. Home economics. This estimate should be materially increased if the school of home economics is to be provided with adequate facilities for a research and graduate program. My own estimate
would be nearer $1 o.ooo.oo__________________________________

3.416.13

7. Journalism ---------------------------------------------------------- 15,000.00 8. Business administration ---------------------------------------- 28.781.00 9. Psychology. This estimate is too low_________________ 475.00

10. Industrial arts ------------------------------------------------------ 2.374.19 11. Chemistry ------------------------------------------------------------ 11.777.50 12. Agricultural economics ---------------------------------------- 2,752.00 13. Agricultural engineering (No prices given). 14. Agronomy-buildings and equipment__________________ 77,500.00

15. Animal husbandry ---------------------------------------------- 1.690.00 16. Dairy manufacturing -------------------------------------------- 16.600.00 17. Dairy production ------------------------------------------------ 2.650.00 18. Food processing -------------------------------------------------- 4.700.00 19. Horticulture -------------------------------------------------------- 34.135.00 20. Plant pathology -------------------------------------------------- 1.712.00 21. Poultry husbandry-miscellaneous buildings________ 18,000.00

FUNDS NEEDED ANNUALLY FOR ADEQUATE OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE

1. LIBRARY. When new library is constructed, ex-
penditures for books should be materially increased. The figure given should be adequate______________________$ 90,000.00

2. ORGANIZED RESEARCH. This figure includes funds for bureau of business research, bureau of public administration, research activities of various departments including those in college of agriculture. The university has in the past been notably weak in its research program__________________________________________

60. 000. 00

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3. INFIRMARY. This estimate is based on an enrollment of 4,000 students and on an estimated cost of $7.50 per student. -The figure is considerably below the amount recommended in the recent report by Dr. Williams of Columbia________________________________ 30,000.00
4. STUDENT SERVICES. This figure includes $14,000.00 for a counseling and guidance service that should be provided for students. It includes $16,000.00 for the office of the dean of students for supervision of all student activities and student social I ife -------------------------------------------------------------- 30, 0 0 0. 0 0
5. INSTRUCTION AND INDIVIDUAL RESEARCH BY
FACULTY MEMBERS. Explanation: This estimate is based on a student enrollment of 4,000. There should be at least one faculty member for each 15 students--or 266 faculty members__________________ 925,800.00
70 professors at average salary of
$4. 00 0 ----------------------------------------$ 28 0.00 0 66 associate professors at average salary
of $3,300 ------------------------------------ 217,800 70 assistant professors at average salary
of $2,700 ------------------------------------ 18 9,000 60 instructors at average salary of
$2,100 ---------------------------------------- 126,000 10 research associates ------------------------ 25,000 30 graduate assistants ------------------------ 15,000 25 secretaries at $1.320____________________ 33,000 Supplies and equipment at $1 0 per
student ---------------------------------------- 40,000

$925,800
6. SHORT COURSES. The demand for short courses is growing. The university must expand its program of adult education________________________________________

15,000.00

7. DEMONSTRATION SCHOOL ---------------------------------- 30, 000.00

8. PLANT OPERATIONS. Explanation: -------------------- 210,000.00 Grounds __________________________________________$ 20, 0 0 0

Utilities -------------------------------------------Janitors -------------------------------------------Maintenance-! ~4 per cent on plant
valuation --------------------------------------

40, 0 00 6 0, 0 00
7 5, 0 0 0

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Insurance

15,000

$210,000 These figures do not include cost of operating and maintaining dining halls and dormitories.
9. ADMINISTRATION. This is slightly more than 4Yz per cent of the operating budget. A reasonable figure is 5 per cent to 7 per cent. In many institutions it is more______________________________________________________

65, 000.00

Total Annual Budget for Operation and Maintenance ------------------------------------------------$ 1,4 55, 800.00

INCOME

On the basis of the fees now charged, I estimate that in the postwar period the university will receive the following income from sources other than state allocations:
1. Morrill-Nelson Fund ________________________________________$ 70, 400.00

2. Federal and state funds for vocational teaching. (Figures for agricultural and home economics supervision are not included in this report since the university serves merely as a disbursing agency for these funds.)

35,000.00

3. Demonstration School-allocations from State Department of Education and income from
student fees -------------------------------------------------------- 12,000.00 4. 4,000 students at $125.00 each__________________________ 500,000.00
The total fee now charged is $1.42.50 for the academic year of three quarters. $17.5 0 of this amount is a student activities fee. The balance of $125.00 goes into the treasury of the university for general expenses.

5. Non-Resident Fees-400 students at $132.00

each

52,800.00

Total______________________________________________________$670, 200. 00
If the university has a total budget of $1,455,800.00 as indicated above, and receives $670,200.00 from sources other than the state, the amount that will be required from the state will be $785,600.00.

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REDUCTION OF FEES
It is my strong belief that tb! fees now charged to our students are too high. In my opinion the fee charged to resident students should not exceed $82.50 for the academic year or $27.50 per quarter. This would mean a reduction of $60.00 per student per year. On the basis of 4,000 students, the university would receive $240,000.00 less than it would receive on the basis of the fees now charged. If fees were reduced to this extent, then the university would need an additional $240,000.00 per year from the state. The amount that would then be needed from the state would be $785,600.00 plus $240,ooo:oo-or a total of $1.025,600.
I have set forth a summary of what I believe will be the university's needs in the postwar years. If you desire more detailed information on any point, I shall be glad to supply it.
NEEDS OF THE UNIVERSITY
The university has few needs now that cannot be satisfied by an adequate appropriation for its support. It greatly needs additional funds for teaching and research. After the Navy school is discontinued, it will need increased funds for plant operation. We also feel that tuition fees should be reduced and that state appropriations should make good the loss of income sustained as a result of the reduction in fees. All of these needs are discussed in detail in the faculty sub-committee report dealing with the financial needs of the university. This sub-committee report is attached to this annual report and made a part thereof.
After the war the student enrollment of the university will undoubtedly be greater than ever before in its history. When that time comes, some additional buildings will be needed. A library building heads the list of our needs. We feel that we should be working now on plans for this building. We hope that funds may be available soon for the employment of an architect. Other buildings for which the need will be great are a plant service building for the college of agriculture and additional dormitories.
The past year has been a difficult one because of reduced student enrollment, lowered income, and the necessity for constant readjustment to meet the changing programs of the Army and Navy. The university has weathered the storm. Conditions are already becoming better. We look to the future with confidence. We believe that
100

in the years immediately ahead the university will become the great and useful institution that its. supporter~ have always wanted it to be.
On behalf of the faculty, students, and alumni of the university, I want to thank the chancellor, members of the Board of Regents, the governor, and other state officials for their generous support of the university during the past year, and for sympathetic interest and help in all of the university's undertakings.
Respectfully submitted.
HARMON CALDWELL, President.
APPENDIX A
FINANCIAL NEEDS
The report of the committee on financial needs of the University of Georgia points out that a material increase in student enrollment is expected following the close of the war and that, although the physical plant of the university has been so expanded during the past decade that a larger enrollment can be taken care of, the size of the student body in postwar years will be determined by the amount of money provided by the State of Georgia-if fees and living costs are low, the student body will increase proportionately. Faculty members on leaves of absence will return, vacancies on faculty must be filled, and, if the student body increases, a larger faculty will be required. All these additions will require additional funds.
Also, the committee points out, the "service" which the university renders the state as a whole should be considered, and that all departments of the university should have facilities to render "development service" continuously.
Increased state support is emphasized as the most urgent need of the University of Georgia. It is noted that although since 1931 the responsibilities of the university have increased, its appropriations have decreased. Appropriations in 1932 were $149,000 greater than in 1943. It is shown that appropriations for public schools have been increased 296 per cent since 1932; and it is pointed out that had university appropriations increased proportionately the annual allocations would now be $ 1.282,920-whereas the allocations in 1944 were $573,000.
The report emphasizes that everyone interested in the general welfare of Georgia is committed to the principle of adequate support
101

for the public schools but that we should realize that we are also committed to one program of "free education" and that this program includes higher education. -
There are only :five southern states whose universities have duties and responsibilities comparable to the University of Georgia. Each of these five states ranks below Georgia in total accountable income available, yet each invests substantially more money in its state university.
Due to the meagreness of state funds, only a portion of the general over-all expenditures of the university, which do not embrace any educational research, or service activities to the state at large, have been covered by state support.
The report cites five objectives as reasons for increased state support to the university: ( 1) to employ and hold a faculty with capacity for leadership; (2) to provide low-cost higher education for the youth of Georgia; (3) to discover facts and disseminate information that will be useful in the further development of the state; (4) to provide services which will contribute to the general welfare of the people of Georgia; (5) to protect and maintain the state's property.
In regard to faculty salaries, the committee emphasizes the fact that the efficiency of an institution is determined by the capacities and qualifications of its employees; that in employing personnel an institution must be governed by the competitive price in the :field involved. It is shown that in 1940-41 Georgia's rating among states, according to the national average salary by rank, was 41st for the faculty rank of professor, 4 3rd for associate professor, 45th for assistant professor, and 46th for instructor.
To pay a faculty to teach 5,000 students at the national level of compensation will require $162,240 in addition to the total amount paid by the university in 1939, when university enrollment reached its peak. It is assumed that the national salary level in state universities will be increased during and following the war.
There is little justification for maintaining a state college that does not provide education at a lower cost than a private school. The rank and :file of the people of Georgia have relatively low incomes; the state should provide higher education at a cost level in keeping with these incomes.
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In the postwar period, the University of Georgia should plan for and look forward to ( 1). reducing..tudent fees, (2) lowering the cost of dormitory rooms, and (3) providing good meals at the lowest possible cost required to make the dining halls self-sustaining.
Comparative tables of statistics show that costs to students attending state universities are determined by the amount of state support received by the institution, and that attendance is, as a general rule, determined by costs-low-cost institutions have high enrollments; high-cost institutions have small enrollments.
The key to student costs is the source of the university dollar. It has been impossible to find any state university in the United States which derives so large a per cent of its income from student fees as does the University of Georgia.
According to Chancellor Sanford in his Annual Report, 1942-43, 43.9 per cent of the university system senior college dollar m Georgia is paid by the students attending these institutions.
Fees at the university should be reduced; there is but one way to reduce them-the difference must be supplied by the state.
Reduction of costs for room and board is recommended; 1t IS shown by figures taken from university catalogs of various years that student expenses have increased.
The committee, in regard to services to the people of Georgia, points out that possibly the most valuable service rendered by state (land-grant) universities in the United States is that of study, research, and investigation which lead to economic and social progress. Such work is organized under experiment stations and graduate schools. Very little work of this kind has ever been done at the University of Georgia. Most of the research work, over a period of years, has been separate and apart from an educational institution in Georgia. Georgia appropriates less money for research in relation to its population than any other state in the nation.
The committee is of the opinion that (I) the university should be officially recognized as an experiment station, (2) the graduate school should be given permanence and security, and (3) funds should be provided for both.
If Georgia increased the appropnat10ns only to the level of the lowest state among its surrounding states, the University of Georgia allocation for research might be increased $67,000.
103

The report which includes a cost schedule for buildings constructed since 1935, mentions the fact that sums allocated in the budget for maintenance and operations have not been large enough to do all the work required, and suggests that the problem should be placed in the hands of a consulting management engineer for recommendation.
A definite suggestion for economy made by the committee is the disposal of the teachers college property and the use of the north and south campuses for all classes.
A summary of recommendations for increased state support for the University of Georgia is as follows:
Adjusted faculty salaries ______________________ $162,240.00 Replacing student fees__________________________ 238, 000. 00 Research and graduate work__________________ 135,000.00 Increased operating costs---------------------- 100,000.00
TotaL______________________________________$ 635,240. 00
In regard to public relations and financial needs, there 1s mcluded in the report, (should it be decided that the responsibility of "reporting to the people of the state" should be shared by administrative officers and faculty at the university and the chancellor and his staff in the regents' office), suggestions as to disseminating essential information through ( 1) the president's annual report, (2) the comptroller's annual report, ( 3) alumni office activities, (4) special meetings and publications, and (5) reports to regents' committees.
APPENDIX B
GUIDANCE, INTRAMURAL ATHLETICS, AND STUDENT HEALTH
The report of the Committee on Guidance, Intramural Athletics, and Student Health deals with
I. The guidance of ex-service personnel upon entrance into proper courses, etc. These people should be exempted from one year of basic training in military for each three months in the service, and if they have earned a commission exempted from all basic military and given 18 full hours of credit for advanced military to be used as electives.
II. The guidance of regular students throughout their university residence and from a time earlier if possible, and into their
104

lives as alumni. To this end there should be provided (1) a counselor for every 250 students, (2) a central office for uniform student records, (3) opportunity for greater hlformal personal contact between teacher and student, (4) adequate and attractive housing at a price proportionate to accommodations, for men and women students, with house-mothers and proctors and with more of a disciplinary function-rewards and punishments-than has for a long time been customary, (5) encouragement to better scholarship by "honors courses," reshaping the "majors" system so that the student may not only coordinate his other subjects with his major but have a wider selection of major professors within his department, ( 6) setting up informal departmental common rooms supplied with attractive reading matter_.
III. The intramural athletic program which might be administered by ( 1) the varsity coaching staff, (2) the school of education or (3) the dean of students as a student activity, and which should be coordinated with the varsity athletic programs to further cordial relations between the two programs and to insure efficiency in the use of facilities.
IV. The physical fitness of regular students which may be furthered by
( 1) voluntary exercise at places conveniently provided,
(2) university required courses in physical education for two full academic years.
V. Health service for students which involves the desirability of
(1) every student's being given a physical exa.mination once a year,
(2) every student's taking five and if possible ten hours of work in the problems of health,
( 3) free medical and hospital attention for all student illnesses except those involving major surgery or work with the teeth and eyes,
(4) university endorsement or non-endorsement of all places offering food or lodging to students,
(5) a full-time secretary for the health service,
(6) a full-time head physician, two full-time assistant physicians, four full-time nurses, one full-time dietitian, and other personnel.
105

GEORGIA SCHOOL OF TECHNOLOGY
Dear Chancellor Sanford;
I have the honor of presenting the annual report of THE GEORGIA SCHOOL OF TECHNOLOGY for the year 1943-44. Since the regulations of the Board of Regents require quarterly statements, which have been sent in regularly. financial details are not included. However, a copy of a letter, dated June 14, 1944, from the state auditor, is attached at the conclusion of this report.
DEATHS-Mr. Hugh Harris Caldwell, registrar, died July 28, 194 3. He had been registrar of Georgia Tech since 1914; Mr. Montgomery Knight, professor and head of the department of aeronautical engineering from 1930 to the time of his death, July 25, 1943.
RESIGNATIONS-Me. H. M. Waddle, associate professor, and Mr. D. A. Hutchinson, instructor, department of chemistry; Colonel Robert W. Collins, commandant, Army R.O.T.C.; Hayden Zimmerman, assistant professor of mechanical engineering.
NEW APPOINTMENTS-Me. Blake R. Van Leer, president, effective July 1. 1944; Dr. M. L. Brittain, president emeritus; Lynford L. Keyes, Colonel Oscar I. Gates, professors; Joseph B. Harrington, George K. Williams. Hayden Zimmerman, Evart L. Bowers, assistant professors; Fay Charles Hare, A. 0. White, H. 0. Jeffries and Edward Foster, instructors.
LEAVE OF ABSENCE
Fred W. Ajax, assistant dean of men and assistant personnel director. U. S. Navy.
James E. Boyd, associate professor of physics, U. S. Navy.
M. R. Brewster, associate professor of economics and social science, U. S. Housing Authority.
Bryan L. Brown, assistant professor of engineering, drawing and mechanics, U.S. Army.
David B. Comer, instructor in English, U. S. Army.
D. M. Cox, assistant professor in English, U. S. Navy.
J. L. Ellis, associate professor of electrical engineering, U. S. Navy.
H. B. Friedman, associate professor of chemistry, U. S. Army.
106

H. K. Fulmer, associate professor of mathematics, sick.
I. H. Gerks, assistant professot; Qf electrical engineering, U. S.
Army.
Mary W. Green, secretary to the cooperative department, U. S. Marines.
George C. Griffin, assistant dean of men and assistant personnel
director, U. S. Navy.
Julian Harris, instructor in architecture and ceramic engineering, U.S. Army.
J. L. Henry, M. D., school physician, U. S. Navy.
N. S. Herod, professor of physics, War Research Division, Sam Laboratory, Columbia University.
C. W. Hook, assistant professor of mathematics, U. S. Navy. M. L. Jorgensen, assistant professor of architecture, industry.
F. E. Lowance, associate professor of physics, Underwater Sound Laboratory, Harvard University.
H. W. Mason, professor of mechanical engineering, U. S. Navy. J. R. McArthur, assistant football coach, U. S. Army. J. E. McDaniel, professor and director of the cooperative department, War Manpower Commission. Lane Mitchell, professor and head of ceramic engineering, U.S. Navy. R. T. Morenus, associate professor of architecture, industry. Roy Mundorff, basket and baseball coach, U. S. Navy. P. B. Narmore, professor of engineering drawing and mechanics, U.S. Navy. T. H. Quigley, professor of industrial education and head of the department, War Manpower Commission. Sidney R. Smith, instructor in electrical engineering, industry. James L. Taylor, instructor in chemistry, studying for Ph.D. M. M. Tharpe, line football coach, U. S. Navy. K. M. Thrash, assistant professor of civil engineering, U. S. Army. W. R. Weems, assistant professor of aeronautical engineering, U.S. Army.
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Bernard P. Wolfe, assistant school physician, U. S. Army.
Charles F. Wysong, assistant_professor of ceramic engineering, U.S. Navy.

STUDENTS

TOTAL ENROLLMENT for
I. ENROLLMENT BY CLASSES

1942-43 2875

Graduates ----------------------------------------------- 13 Seniors ---------------------------------------------------- 396 Juniors ---------------------------------------------------- 569 Pre-Juniors --------------------------------------------- 137 Sophomores --------------------------------------------- 804 Freshmen -------------------------------------------------- 953 Irregulars --------------------------------------------- 3

2875

TOTAL_______________________________________
II. DEPARTMENTAL ENROLLMENT:
Aeronautical Engineering ------------------- 183 Architecture ------------------------------------------- 106 C~r~mic ~ngi:r;teering -------------------------- 27 Civil Engmeermg ------------------------------------ 138 Chemical Engineering --------------------------- 285 Chemistry ----------------------------------------------- 27 Electrical Engineering ------------------------ 306 General Engineering ----------------------------- 21 Industrial Management-------------------------- 305 Mechanical Engineering ------------------------ 533 Physics ---------------------------------------------------- 5 Public Health Engineering____________________ 23 Textile Engineering ------------------------------- 54 Unclassified --------------------------------------------- 862
2875

TOTAL___________________________________________ GRAND TOTAL-including Civilians, Navy,
and ASTP for the year, 1943-44___________

1943-44 2854
7 450 524
19 820 1040
8
2871 -17 Duplicates
2854
327 57 15
220 241 28 316
33 111 428
4 7 38 1046
2871 -17 Duplicates
2854
4287

III. GEOGRAPHIC distribution of civilian, Navy, and ASTP-ROTC

students. No geographic analysis of the regular ASTP trainees

has been made:

1942-43
Alabama ------------------------------------------------- 58 Arizona ---------------------------------------------- 1 Arkansas ----------------------------------------------- 19 California ------------------------------------------ 7 Colorado ----------------------------------------------- 1 Connecticut ------------------------------------------ 28 DDeisltarwicatreof --C-o-l-u-m--b-i-a-_-_-_-_--_-_-_-_-_--_-_-_-_-_--_-_-_-_-_-_--_-_-_-_-_--_-_-_-_- 61
Florida ------------------------------------------- 247

1943-44 188 1 40 18 3 13 1 16 336

108

Georgia ------------------------------------------------- 1644 Idaho ------------------------------------------------------ 1 Illinois ----------------------;,---------------...---------- 17 Indiana ------------------------------------------------- 1 Iowa ----------------------------------------------------- 4 Kansas -------------------------------------------- 2 Kentucky --------------------------------------------- 13 Louisiana ------------------------------------------- 17 Maine ------------------------------------------------- 2 Maryland ---------------------------------------------- 32 Massachusetts --------------------------------------- 26
Michigan --------------------------------------------- 4 Minnesota -------------------------------------------- 1 Mississippi ----------------------------------------------- 40 Missouri ------------------------------------------------ 16 Nebraska ----------------------------------------- 1 New Hampshire ----------------------------- 2 New Jersey -------------------------------------------- 69 New Mexico ------------------------------------------ 1 New York --------------------------------------------- 169 North Carolina -------------------------------- 52
Ohio -------------------------------------------- 17 Oklahoma ----------------------------------------------- 9
Oregon --------------------------------------------------- 1 Pennsylvania ------------------------------------ 40 Rhode Island ------------------------------------- 1 South Carolina ------------------------------------- 49
South Dakota ----------------------------------------- 0 Tennessee -------------------------------------------- 124 Texas ------------------------------------------------ 19 Utah ---------------------------------------------- 0
Vermont -------------------------- 3 Virginia ---------------------------------------------- 38 Washington ----------------------------- 0 West Virginia ----------------------------- 26
Wisconsin ------------------------------------- 11 Wyoming ----------------------------------- 1

1092 2
23 7 5 2
20 40 4 39 27
4 2 67 22 2 2 70 2 137 61
20 24
2 79 4 59
1 197 117
1
1 39
0 33
5 0

FOREIGN

AAlragseknatin-a-,---S--.---A-._-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-__-_-_-_-_- 01

1 1

Canal Zone --------------------------------- 1

0

CBaranzaidl,a S-.---A--,_-_--_-_-_--_-_-_-_--_-_-_-_--_-_-_-_--_-_-_-_--_-_-_--_-_-_-_--_-_-_- 14

1 0

Columbia ------------------------------------------ 0

1

Peru --------------------------------------------- 3

1

Cuba ---------------------------------------------------- 20

16

Curacao (Aruba) --------------------------------- 1

1

B.W.I. Jamaica --------------------------------------- 1

2

Honduras ------------------------------------------------ 1

2

Panama ----------------------------------------------- 1

1

Mexico ---------------------------------------------- 1

0

Puerto Rico -------------------------------------- 6

5

Hawaii ----------------------------------------------------- 2

2

Costa Rico ------------------------------------------------ 2

1

In the above tabulation, we have FORTY-THREE

States, the District of Columbia, and THIRTEEN

foreign countries represented.

IV. DEGREES CONFERRED:
1942-43 Bachelor of Science: Aeronautical Engineering -------------------- 20

1943-44 39

109

Architectural Engineering -------------- 1

6

Architecture ------------------------------------- 26

10

Ceramic Engine~ring ---..,----------------- 4

6

Chemistry --------------------------------- 5

1

C~e.mical _Engi!J-eering ----------------------- 53

50

Civil Engmeermg -------------------------------- 22

30

Electrical Engineering ---------------------- 59

48

Mechanical Engineering ---------------------- 94

66

Textile Engineering -------------------------- 8

9

Industrial Management ----------------------- 75

44

General Engineering -------------------------- 4

3

*Public Health Engineering___________________ 3

6

TOTAL_________________________________ 374

360

Master of Science_________________________________ 5

5

TOTAL____________________________________________ 379

365

*Physics ---------------------------------------------

3

TOTAL___________________________________

368

Professional --------------------------------

2

GRAND TOTAL_________________________

370

DEAN's REPORT-The past year has been a busy one for administrative staff, faculty and students, due to five different classifications of students on the campus, namely, civilian, co-operative civilian, Army trainees: ASTP and ASTP-ROTC, and Navy and Marine Trainees.

CURRICULA
A. The regular Georgia Tech civilian curricula in which were enrolled civilians, Army, Navy and Marine trainees.
B. The co-operative Georgia Tech civilian curricula for the freshman co-ops.
C. The V -12 curricula used by part of the Navy trainees. D. The ASTP curricula followed by regular ASTP-Army
students.
All Army trainees were withdrawn from the campus by March 28.
Civilian Curricula-Instruction was given in practically all the regular college curricula with the exception of ceramic engineering which was suspended November I. due to the small number of students in the course, and the fact that all members of the ceramic faculty enlisted in the service of the U. S. Navy.
Although the number of students in the following departments was small. it was deemed wise to continue the courses:
Architectural engineering Biology and public health engineering Textile engineering.

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Scholarship--The scholarship standards of the institution have received flattering mention in ~ompariso:r.t with other institutions doing this work under government auspices.
Student Publications-"The Yellow Jacket" and "The Engineer" were suspended for the duration of the war. The "Blue Print" and "The Technique" are being continued.
HOSPITAL-The health of the student-body has been good. Of course, we have had many cases of influenza, mumps, measles, etc., but no real epidemic and no deaths. We have had 1.124 bed-patients since June 1943 through May 1944; 13, 120 clinic patients. Dental patients 1.783; diathermy 5 35; infra-red 27; parafin baths 25 3; X-ray 997; miscellaneous 204.
AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING
Professor Montgomery Knight, the first director of the department, passed away on July 25, 1943. Mr. Donnell W. Dutton, a member of the aeronautical engineering faculty, was appointed to succeed Mr. Knight. Two additional members, Professors L. V. Johnson and George K. Williams, were added to the staff.
Undergraduate Curriculum-Some changes have been made in order to prepare the graduates. better for their work in the war effort. A new course, aeronautical navigation and meteorology has been added. Two other courses, A.E. 21 and A.E. 24 have been planned and will be given as soon as the demand is sufficient to warrant the courses. Special aeronautical courses were given to aid with the ESMWT program for the Bell Aircraft Co.
Civilian Pilot Training Program-This program which was begun in October 1939 was concluded as an Army pilot training program in January, 1944. During that time 742 Army, Navy and civilian students were enrolled of which 91 percent successfully completed the flight program and 97 percent completed the ground school work. The net proceeds from this program amounted to $24,826.29, and is held in a special fund by the Engineering Experiment Station for aeronautical research.
WAR RESEARCH
Research still continues on the Georgia Tech helicopter, and progress has been made. The large wind tunnel has been operated on
111

an average of from ten to twelve hours per day. Tests have been run for the following c'?mpanies: _
United Aircraft Corporation, Hartford, Connecticut The Glenn L. Martin Co., Baltimore, Maryland The Nemeth Helicopter Corporation, Chicago, Illinois McDonnell Aircraft Corporation, St. Louis, Missouri.
As results of these tests for wind-tunnel rental and overhead, $26,194.29 has been added to the special fund held by the Engineering Experiment Station for aeronautical research. The National Advisory Committee of Aeronautics has begun a $11,000 program of tunnel research, and work has commenced on this project.
Special courses have been given during the past year, under the sponsorship of the ESMWT and the Evening School of Applied Science in order to aid the war effort.
Personnel-The department has been fortunate in being able to retain its staff, due to the fact that they have been able to add to their basic salaries through funds from research. Practically all staff members have received tempting offers at double our salaries. Student help has been used to a great extent this year, but on account of war, this aid will cease at the close of this term.
ARCHITECTURE
Only four members of the staff remain on duty. This was thought wise owing to the fact the enrollment has decreased on account of the WAR. Mr. Heffernan and Mr. Moulthrop have been giving a part of their time to the department of physics. Seventeen degrees have been awarded during the year.
CAMPUS PLANNING
During the fall of 1943, the Board of Regents authorized a STUDY of the FUTURE PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT of the school, and the program was begun last November by securing Mr. Richard Aeck as an architectural draftsman. This project is supervised by the head of the department, Professor Harold Bush-Brown, in collaboration with members of his staff. A general scheme is in progress and when completed will serve as a basis for future development if and when it is approved.
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CHEMISTRY
We have had two resignations - one associate professor who went into industry at a salary more than double what we could pay; the other, an instructor, enters Emory Medical School in September. These young men were very capable, and the department suffered a loss which will be hard to overcome.
Accomplishments-John Wiley and Sons published a text on THE METHOD OF WORKING CHEMICAL PROBLEMS. It was pre~ pared by Dr. W. M. Spicer, assisted by Dr. J. D. Clary and Dr. W. S. Taylor.
Mr. Dwight A. Hutchison, an instructor in the department, has almost completed a mass spectrometer which he has been working on for the past two years. Dr. W. M. Spicer, also of the department, has been working with Mr. Hutchison as an understudy. As Mr. Hutchison has resigned and is entering medical college, Dr. Spicer will complete the instrument.
Aim-It is the aim of the department to become the best depart~ ment of chemistry in the South. We have the opportunity to do this and that opportunity produces an obligation to do all in our power to attain the goal we have set for ourselves. In order to accomplish this purpose we must have an active program of graduate study and research developed in the department.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
Enrollment has been large and the members of the staff have been overloaded. Much of our present equipment deteriorated from its constant use, but some valuable equipment has been added by pur~ chase and construction. Since March 28, when the Army trainees were taken away, the teaching work has been much lighter. During this lull in teaching, we propose to put the equipment in good con~ clition, and make plans for better work for the postwar period.
NEED--A great need is a larger building sufficient to house the department in an adequate manner, and at least $20,000 should be spent on additional apparatus. Additional men are needed in the fields of thermodynamics and unit operations as well as in metallurgy and metallography. These men should have the rank of professor or associate professor. Also it will be desirable to secure as soon as pos~ sible one or more experts in plastics, food technology, equipment design, chemical economics and cellulose. These men could be used
113

also in connection with the ENGINEERING EXPERIMENT STATION program.
CIVIL ENGINEERING
The head desires equipment for a hydraulic laboratory for class-room and research work. Additional surveying instruments and necessary equipment for mapping for aerial photographs also should be secured.
CO-OPERATIVE
The total enrollment for the year 1943-44 1s 19 7. Of these 160 are upper classmen, and 37 are freshmen.
PERSONNEL-Professor J. E. McDaniel is on a leave of absence with the War Manpower Commission, acts in an advisory capacity only, without salary from the state. The secretary of the department, Miss Green, is also on leave of absence, and is serving with the Marines. Miss Virginia Peed acts as secretary, giving only half-time.
SCHOLARSHIP-In spite of all the problems and distractions arising on account of the changes made necessary by the WAR, the students have maintained high scholastic standing as in former years.
ECONOMICS AND SOCIAL SCIENCE AND INDUSTRIAL MANAGEMENT
The personnel of this division of the school consisted of eight full-time teachers, and seven part-time instructors. The part-time men carried a teaching load of six hours per week while the full-time carried an average of seventeen hours per week.
Other Activities of the Staff-The head of the department was made director of industrial research in Georgia, a project, sponsored by the GEORGIA TECH ENGINEERING EXPERIMENT STATION. A complete report has been made and delivered to the Macon area. Another, covering 28 counties around Augusta, Georgia, is almost finished. We have four others, covering other sections of the state which we shall begin at an early date. The head, Professor Dennison, has also served as publicity director for the school, and public relations officer for the Army and the Navy at Georgia Tech. Other members of the staff have aided with radio programs, Y.M.C.A. activities, and as manager of the College Inn.
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ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
Personnel will be practically the 'arne as this year.
EQUIPMENT
Several new pieces of equipment have been added to the power laboratory. The communications and electronics laboratory has secured equipment to the value of several thousand dollars by gifts from individuals, manufacturers, construction by E.E. department radio technicians, E.S.M.W.T. radio technicians, and loans from the Fourth Service Command.
Associate Professor M. A. Honnel has had the following papers printed:
"An Electronic Potentiometer," Proceedings of the I.R.E. Vol. 30, No. 10, October 1942;
"Application of the Voltage-Doubler Rectifier," Communications, p. 14; January 1940;
"Vibrator-Condenser Type," Communications, p. 25; May 1944.
ENGINEERING ORAWING AND MECHANICS
The staff consists of twelve full-time members and student assistants to equal two full-time instructors, making a total of fourteen men. Even with this staff, many were overloaded, due to the fact that practically all of the Army and the Navy trainees and civilian students were required to take drawing. Of course, after the Army trainees were taken away March 28, this relieved the teaching load.
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
Besides the regular duties rendered by the staff, the government has made use of this department in carrying on the VE-ND program and the ESMWT program for which the faculty received extra compensation. Besides the strain on the instructors engaged in this work, our equipment suffered wear and tear from its continual use. It is hoped that the additional boiler so much needed will be installed in the power plant before the cold weather begins this coming fall.
115

TEXTILE ENGINEERING
Due to the decrease in enrollment for the year, several of our staff have been teaching in other departments, and aiding with the government courses under ES~MWT. Research in this department has continued, and the demands made upon us have increased. We are continuing our research on flax processing and substantial progress has been made.
LIBRARY
We are continuing to strengthen the scientific and technical side of our library. Four thousand two hundred eighty-two volumes (books and periodicals) in this field have been added during the year. This brings our total number of volumes to 67,123. Competent critics tell us that it is one of the best technical and scientific libraries in this section.
MILITARY
The ASTP program was discontinued on March 31, 1944. We have a ROTC unit which has been rated "EXCELLENT" by the Army inspectors recently.
NAVY
The past year has been a momentous and eventful one at this school, so far as the Navy is concerned. In addition to the Naval Reserve Officers' Training Corp unit, with a complement of 250 students, 600 Naval and 200 Marine Corps enlisted trainees were assigned to this institution for college instruction-all in uniform, all regularly enlisted in the Navy, and all housed and fed on the campus. Attrition because of academic deficiencies have been lower than the average for other colleges in the country and lower than in this school during peace. Attrition for the first term, ending in November, was 13 percent and for the second term, ending March 1, 6.7 percent. Beginning July 1, a marked change will be inaugurated in all N.R.O.T.C. units in the twenty-seven colleges throughout the country. Where heretofore students in these units have devoted about one-fifth of their college work to strictly Naval subjects, under Naval officers, henceforth their time with Naval subjects, under Naval officers will be approximately doubled with a corresponding decrease in civilian subjects. All of these N.R.T.C. students, after one year of active duty in the fleet, if they so elect and are selected, will have the
116

opportunity of a permanent career in the regular Navy. Colleges, having Naval Reserve Offic~rs' Training Corp units, will thereby, after July I. 1944, become adjuncts in fact, of the Naval Academy, supplementing that institution in furnishing officers for the Navy.

PHYSICAL TRAINING
This has been a busy year for the members of the staff. They gave physical training to I 000 Army student trainees and I 050 Navy V -12 trainees. However. the Army trainees were withdrawn March 31, and, therefore since that date, the load has been lighter. This year, perhaps, has been our best season from the financial standpoint in football.

EVENING SCHOOL OF APPLIED SCIENCE

The work of our evening school is accurately shown through the statistics of its three divisions:

ENROLLMENT Summer 1943
Tuition Classes _________ 78 VE-ND ----------------------- 96 E.S.&M.W.T. ---------------- 357

Fall 1943 127 110
355

Spring
1944 57 45 327

Total 1943-44
262 251 1039

531

592

429

1552

Less duplicates ___________

80

87

167

512

342

1385 Net Total

BUILDINGS AND GROUNDS

Proper fire-escapes have been constructed where most needed for the academic, electrical, Swann and Knowles buildings, and these are now believed to make these almost entirely safe for any fire hazard. During the year, the Army and the Navy requirements called for many changes in our dining hall. In addition, it became necessary for us to take over six fraternity houses for dormitories and to place a freshman dining-room in one of them. The withdrawal of the ASTP caused re-adjustment in our plans at some of these points.

One small detail would be of some considerable help to Georgia Tech as well as to other units of the system. If the superintendent of building and grounds could secure what the ordinary business house terms a "petty cash" arrangement through which he could secure needed materials without the delay in securing competitive bids and confirmation on orders of a few dollars. It would simplify matters and save days of delay.

117

ENGINEERING EXPERIMENT STATION

This important division of 'J'IHE GEORGIA SCHOOL OF TECHNOLOGY has functioned well during the past year. One reason, of course, is that important contributions and demands were made in connection with WAR production and necessities. We have expended in experimental research during the last twelve months $155,000; 58 percent of which was contributed by industry and the Federal government.

Thirty different research projects engaged the attention of seventeen full-time and nearly one hundred part-time workers. In order that a hint may be given of the importance of this work, I shall mention the principal cooperating agencies as follows:

U. S. Army Ordnance Department (Project 67)----------------$ 9,000 National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics____________________________________ 11,000

(Project 76) Office of Scientific Research and Development________________________________ 6,000
(Project OSRD) Office of Production and Development______________________________________________ 18,000
(Project OPRD) U.S. Army Air Forces Material Command_________________________________________ 50
(Report Contract under Project 41) Chemical Warfare Service________________________________________________________________________ 250

American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers_____________________ 600 (Project 48)
Southern Paint and Varnish Projection Clubs____________________________________________ 100 (Project 46)

E. I. Dupont de Nemours and Co----------------------------------------------------------(Project 30)
Atlanta Braid Company_______________________________________________________________________________
(Project 72) Armor Insulating Company______________________________________________________________________

1,500 3,000
150

(Project 66) Rosemary Manufacturing Company_________________________________________________________ 535
(Project 30)

Savannah Sugar Refining Company--------------------------------------------------------- 1,260 (Project 30)

Macon Chamber of Commerce (Project-Survey)______________________________________ 3,500

Augusta Chamber of Commerce (Project-Survey)__________________________________ 3,500

Georgia & Florida Railroad (Project-Survey)_________________________________________ 2,000

Waycross Chamber of Commerce (Project-Survey)_______________________________ 1,500

Other research projects are described in the annual report of the director, Dr. G. A. Rosselot, and are of such interest and value that I regret space will not permit the full account of these here. In the coming months as the war draws to a conclusion efforts should be made to secure needed equipment for this station in order that it may play the prominent part expected in the post-war development in the interest of our state.

118

GIFTS . The finest instance of funds, secured for aid to the teaching work of the GEORGIA SCHOOL OF TECHNOLOGY, has occurred during the past few months under the leadership of one of our alumni, William Harrison Hightower of Thomaston, Georgia. Under his direction and with the help of the other members of his Committee of the Georgia Textile Manufacturers a half-million dollars were secured, and it is expected to be used largely for the promotion and the betterment of textile training at Georgia Tech. The chief sentiment prevails among these leaders to use it not only for research but also for strengthening of our faculty, improvements to the building and the purchase of modern equipment. Of course, this cannot be done at once. The emergencies of war will make it necessary to postpone much of this progressive action since the Army and the Navy are compelled to take practically all of our young men of regular college age. As soon as the Germans and the Japs are defeated, however, with the return of our young soldiers for the completion of their college training, Georgia Tech will naturally be one of the centers of training in this field.
HINMAN ESTATE
With the legal decision of the courts in our favor, the bequest of Mrs. Florence Hand Hinman becomes available for a new building on the Georgia Tech campus. The amount will probably be in the neighborhood of $150,000, and from a personal interview with Mrs. Hinman at the time she arranged her will for this gift, I know that it was her idea that a memorial building in honor of her husband, Dr. Thomas P. Hinman, be constructed with the proceeds. She agreed also with me that it would be better not to confine it to any one building but to arrange for it as time would show the greatest need. In my opinion as needs are at present, it would be best to use these funds for the construction of a new library building. We ought to have a building adequate for future as well as present requirements. From a small structure and a small number of books, our library has grown until it is now recognized as having the best collection of scientific books and periodicals in the southeast. We have made little effort, of course, to magnify this work along the line of general literature, feeling that it was useless with Emory, and the city libraries so near at hand and easily accessible to our students. The critics and experts have assured us that we have been successful. under the direction of our well-trained librarian, Mrs. J. H. Crosland, in the acquisition of the finest assembly of technical litera-
119

ture. To house this library properly and to develop it in accordance with our needs, will require a buikling at a cost of approximately $300,000. We have half of this through the Hinman estate, and if these funds could be matched by the state, this important necessity could be provided as soon as war restrictions permit the building to begin.
PLANS
Nearly twenty-two years ago, when I came to the GEORGIA SCHOOL OF TECHNOLOGY, I found a master key plan, prepared by a prominent firm of architects of Philadelphia. They appeared to me thoroughly practical and wise, therefore, during the years since that time with each new building, I have always had in mind this well-thought-out plan by competent experts, and in the main our buildings have followed it. Within recent months very wisely, the regents and our alumni have desired our architectural department to prepare another master key plan to aid us in the same way for the future. The head of our department of architecture, Professor Harold Bush-Brown, has had Mr. Richard Aeck on this work for some months past. Considerable progress has been made although I have somewhat restrained them by insisting that these matters for the present should be kept in a "fluid" state and not crystallized until the new administrative head should have plenty of time to adjust and to study them. They show skill and imagination, however, and, for the most part, I feel that it will be well to be guided by them in any new building arrangements.
CONCLUSION
As you know, due to my age, I have felt for two or three years past that a successor should be elected to fill this important position in the university system. Through the kindness of the chancellor and the regents, however, it was deemed wise for me to continue as president until a new state administration came into power. This occurred in January 1943, and in accordance with my wish, my resignation was accepted last February, and Colonel Blake R. Van Leer was elected president of THE GEORGIA SCHOOL OF TECHNOLOGY, effective July 1, 1944.
Please permit me to express my appreciation of the courtesies and kindness which I have always received from the chancellor and the regents, and although there is a feeling of sadness in giving up the work which has been so close to my heart for nearly twenty-two
120

years, I feel gratified and pleased with the knowledge that the new president is a man, held in .high este~ for his many accomplishments, and I feel sure that under his guidance, this institution will move forward to greater heights of prosperity and influence.
I appreciate also the evident kindness which prompted you to wish me to continue as heretofore in the president's home, and to aid as desired in looking after certain bequests such as the Texas property from the Julius Brown estate, and the Georgia Tech Radio Station, WGST, and the Florence Hinman bequest, and the Florence H. Brownell estate, and to write a history of THE GEORGIA SCHOOL OF TECHNOLOGY. Since that time, without knowledge of the wish of the regents, our faculty on June 1, passed a resolution asking that this historical task should be assigned to me, and I hope to be able to complete it as desired.
Respectfully submitted,
M. L. BRITTAIN, President.

APPENDIX A

COPIES

DEPARTMENT OF AUDITS

State Capitol, Room 115

B. E. THRASHER, JR. State Auditor

Atlanta June 14, 1944

LEROY PHARR Chief Examiner

Dr. M. L. Brittain, President

Georgia School of Technology

Atlanta, Georgia

Dear Dr. Brittain:

It is with regret we learn of your retirement as President of Georgia School of Technology July 1, next.

Over a period of nineteen years of your twenty-two years as directing head of the school this office had the duty of the examination of the financial accounts of the school. As all the audit reports testify, all funds have been properly accounted for by Georgia School of Technology and it ends the fiscal year June 30 with a surplus, the largest in its history.

121

Funds for operations costs have been expended within the limits of approved budgets an~I upon pt.l;)per authorization.
Trust funds for general endowment or designated purposes have been properly safeguarded, been invested, under your approval, and remain inviolate as to principal, income having been used or held for designated use in the future.
Principal of trust funds now exceeds $60,000.00, not including the recent bequests not yet received. Not included in this figure is the WGST Radio Station, the largest trust fund of Georgia Tech. It was your role to play the greatest part in preserving the Station for the use and benefit of the school.
May I extend to you my sincerest wishes for your health and happiness in the years to come!
Sincerely yours,
B. E. THRASHER, JR., State Auditor.
UNIVERSITY OF GEORGIA SCHOOL OF MEDICINE
June 30, 1944
Dear Chancellor Sanford: The following report covers the period from July 1, 1943,
through June 30, 1944.
FINANCES The financial status of the school is shown in the regular reports of the treasurer to the regents' office. Supplemental hereto is a statement of receipts and disbursements for the period covered by this report.
RELATIONSHIP WITH UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL The management of the University Hospital continued during the fiscal year under Dr. W. H. Goodrich as superintendent and the Hospital Authority of the City of Augusta, which has taken the place of the former board of trustees. Changes in the membership of this board during the year were as follows: Raleigh H. Daniel, chairman, F. Frederick Kennedy, vice-chairman, Mayor W. Dayton Page, William P. Congdon, W. Asbury Drost, Richard E. Allen, Jr., Dr. F. Lansing Lee, J. Bland Goodwin and Donald R. McRae.
122

In spite of the rise in prices of commodities and in the wages of personnel. the University Hospital has been operated without a deficit. How much longer this condition can obtain without additional subsidy it is impossible to say. It is likely that in this respect the limit of endurance has been reached.
The new hospital wing has been almost completed. It is expected to be ready for occupancy about October l, 1944. The maximum capacity will be eighty-four beds. This addition is greatly needed. During the past two years the overcrowded condition of the institution has been acutely felt. During the past year for the first time it was often difficult to find beds for state aid patients (those who are hospitalized by funds supplied by the state). It has been necessary in recent months to pay four dollars a day for these patients and that has reduced the number of beds to thirty-three per day. Additional funds are greatly needed for this work. A long waiting list of deserving cases has accumulated. A general state hospital for such patients under the administration of the faculty of the school of medicine is strongly urged. The hospital has cooperated as well as possible under the circumstances. With the additional beds in the new wing it would be possible to hospitalize more state aid patients if funds therefor were provided.
The contract between the school of medicine and the City Council of Augusta was reported last year. This contract gives the school of medicine medical and surgical control of all indigent patients in the city inside and outside of the hospital; also of all staff patients in the hospital, from whatever source.
ADMINISTRATION
The dean and executive committee act as administrators of the school of medicine. The names of the members of this committee appear in the annual bulletin. The advisory committee, consisting of the heads of the preclinical and clinical departments, makes recommendations to the dean and executive committee and also serves as a committee on admissions.
ACCREDITED STATUS
The school is a member in good standing of the Association of American Medical Colleges and is on the list of approved medical schools of the Council on Medical Education and Hospitals of the American Medical Association. With sufficient financial support
123

there is only one reason why the school might suffer a loss of this status: this would be a _failure to_supply the necessary clinical material for the third and fourth year classes. As a matter of fact, financial support that is really sufficient can provide this. It can be done by adding to the number of beds for state aid patients, thus taking care of many indigent sick persons throughout the state and alleviating a neglect that already existed far too long. From the economic viewpoint it would be the logical thing to do-thus fully employing the talents of the group of specialists who are the heads of departments in the clinical years.
The expansion program of the school. which was begun three years ago, has reached its full growth. The enrollment has increased from one hundred and eighty students to two hundred and eighty, with a capacity of three hundred. This increase in enrollment, however, intensifies the need for increased clinical material for teaching purposes. The increase in teaching personnel envisioned when the expansion program started and the enlargement of the physical plant have been provided. Apparatus and equipment in keeping with the expansion program have been supplied.
The State of Georgia deserves a medical school that far surpasses the minimum requirements of the accrediting agencies-and it is able to supply funds for such a school. With the necessary funds an outstanding school can be had.
FACULTY
Since the last report the school has lost fewer faculty members to the armed forces. Other members have been lost by death or resignation. Dean Kelly was on leave the latter half of the year (January 1-June 30) as secretary of the Council on Medical Service and Public Relations of the American Medical Association. All other absences are given in the following list:
DEATHS
Dr. Joseph Akerman, professor of obstetrics, December 9, 1943.
Dr. Albert Alonzo Davidson, associate professor of clinical medicine, March 19, 1944.
RESIGNED
Dr. Benedict Ernest Abreu, associate professor of pharmacology,
effective July I. 1944.
124

Dr. Roy Edwin Butler, assistant professor of medicine, effective December 1, 1943.
ABSENT IN ARMED SERVICES
Dr. Robert Benjamin Greenblatt, professor of experimental medicine.
Dr. F. N. H. Harrison, assistant in clinical obstetrics and gynecology.
Recommendations for promotions of members of the faculty for the next fiscal year will be made as required from time to time because of the emergency.
APPARATUS AND EQUIPMENT
No great difficulty has been experienced in purchasing needed equipment and supplies. Microscopes have been purchased in sufficient quantity by the school to rent them to most of the students instead of selling them on a four-year instalment plan as before the war. Some students provide their own microscopes, so there has been no actual shortage.
BUILDING PROGRAM
The expansion of the physical plant as planned for the overall program has been completed. Shortly after the preceding report was made the additions to the Murphey Building were finished, the central heating plant was completed and the boiler was installed.
It is a pleasure to report that the roadways around the Dugas and Murphey Buildings were surfaced and that concrete gutters were installed, thus preparing the roadways for paving. Cement walks from the front roadway to the buildings and crosswalks were installed. Subsequent to this work landscaping and the planting of shrubbery followed, thus beautifying this portion of the campus. This improvement has been most noteworthy and thanks are gratefully extended to the State Highway Department for its cooperation. It is hoped that the roadways can now be hardsurfaced, for utility as well as for the sake of appearances-the muddy roads after heavy rains are unsightly and difficult to negotiate.
STUDENTS
With the expansion program reaching the senior class when the present session began on January 3 the enrollment rose to two
125

hundred and eighty-three. This was the estimate made in the preceding report and will probably represent a practical maximum with the present facilities. There is, o~ course, a possible maximum of three hundred students, but failures during the first two years will prevent a realization of this number unless students of other medical schools are admitted to advanced standing into the third year (two years resident in the school are required for graduation).
In spite of the emergency and conditions incident thereto the number of applicants continues to be greater than the number of places available. The promulgation of the Army-Navy Specialized Training Program has made it necessary for the duration of the war to change the policy of the school not to admit any except bona fide residents of Georgia. Contracts with the Army and Navy were duly executed and payments by the government have been regularly made as agreed upon.
What to expect of the Army and Navy concerning this program in the near future can not be predicted. Disturbing reports arrive almost daily and the recent actions of the Selective Service Headquarters have been truly alarming for the future of medical education and medical care for years to come. No premedical students are to be deferred after July 1. 1944. Recent reports threaten removal of specialized training students from school to the active armed forces. All of this means that our original estimate of this program was correct: that it was superfluous, extravagant and demoralizing to the student body. The sooner it is abandoned the better. If Selective Service Headquarters has no greater vision than to refuse deferment of premedical students, there is nothing more that can be done by medical educators than point the warning. This has been and is now being done, repeatedly, the matter having been carried even to the President, who declined to act.
Demoralization of students has resulted from the too free dispensing of funds, giving them more money than they have known judiciously what to do with. There has been an increase in cutting of classes, arrests for drunken driving and other evidences of lowered morals.
It has been the policy of the school to maintain the same high scholastic standards as in peace time. For this reason there were more failures in our school during the scholastic year ending December 20, 1943, than in all other medical schools in the Fourth Corps Area combined. We do not expect to lower standards in war time--our :fighting forces deserve the best standards of medical care.
126

SUMMARY OF WITHDRAWALS, CONDITIONS AND FAILURES, SESSION: APRIL 7-DECEMBER 20, 1943

.:!
6

Ja
~

1st 78

~ r::
7

.~ :".='h

"~ '

;t;rl
""00
00

3

12

.....~g.
6~ 54

1.a0.

:=0u
.o~..".~"..'

~

~~

66

2*

]..
""f'
"

2nd 75

8

2

9

53

62

3*

3rd 60

5

55

60

4th 46

1

45

TOTAL 259 15

6

26 162 188

5*

45

Irregulars 5

264 *These five students given conditional period of three. months to prove whether they were able to carry on and make up deficiencies. Three failed their work and two passed, being permitted to go on with the third year class.

LIBRARY
The library continues to grow and attract favorable comment. The beautiful new reading room and the purchase of new books and journals with the $10,000.00 grant from the Rockefeller Foundation have transformed the old library into a new and different one. The staff consists of a librarian and an assistant librarian, while a student assistant librarian keeps the library open evenings from eight until ten o'clock.
The volumes in the library have increased to 17,060 since the preceding report.
The library is open all day for five days and until one o'clock on Saturday and five evenings a week from 8:00 to 10:00 p.m. It is freely used by members of the faculty, the student body, and staff members of local government camps and hospitals.

ALUMNI IN ARMED FORCES
According to the latest report approximately two hundred and fifty graduates of the school of medicine are serving in the armed forces of the country. The lowest rank on entering is first lieutenant. The highest rank is lieutenant colonel.
No authentic reports on deaths of the graduates have been received.
127

RESEARCH GRANTS AND AGENCY FUNDS
Emphasis on origi~al investi~ation continues. The output during the twelve months of this report has not suffered materially in comparison with previous years, in spite of the absence of many faculty members in the armed forces. A resume of publications can be seen in the individual departmental reports appended hereto.

Numerous grants are still being made to members of our various staffs in recognition of work previously done. One of the largest of these is from the Office of Scientific Research and Development. The grantors are listed below:

Experimental Medicine (Dr. R. B. Greenblatt): Ciba Pharmaceutical Products Inc.__________$450.00 Merck & Company Inc._______________ 300.00

A.M. A. Grant (Dr. Hamilton) ___________________
Office of Scientific Research and Development: Experimental Medicine (Dr. Greenblatt)-------------Physiology and Pharmacology (Dr. Woodbury) ____

$ 750.00 125.00
3,475.40 1,231.76

Receipts from Agency Funds: Pelvimeter Fund (Dr. Torpin) __________$2,611.44 Special Research (Dr. Hamilton)________ 214.71

$5,582.16

MAINTENANCE
The allocation of $120,000.00 a year for maintenance is outdated and entirely insufficient to support the school under the expansion program. When this program was authorized, it was estimated that the annual allocation should be $175,000.00, exclusive of whatever amount should be spent on the state aid program or a state hospital. The appropriation for hospitalization of indigent patients of the state as a whole should be considered as spent for a health service, rendered by the faculty of the school of medicine.
The appropriation to the school should be placed on much more than a subsistence level in order to remove the school for all time from one meeting the minimum requirements of the accrediting agencies. The state aid program for the indigent sick and injured represents one of the important activities of the school of medicine in addition to its function of training students to be physicians. Other activities are research, post-graduate and extension medical education and examination of newly enrolled students in variou.'l units of the university system. Another contribution was planned during the year and will be put into effect in the fall of 1944. This

128

will be the installation of full-time resident physicians in the state prison at Reidsville under supervision of the faculty of the medical school. It is expected that thl.s will result in a great improvement in the medical and surgical care of the inmates.
MEDICAL STATE AID
The treatment of indigent patients from all over the state in the University Hospital at state expense is now in its third year. The program has been welcomed in a statewide manner and it is quite evident that the appropriation of fifty thousand dollars a year is insufficient to provide beds for those needing and deserving treatment. Three times the appropriation would provide a hundred or more beds without the need of building a hospital and with professional care of the highest order furnished without fee by the faculty of the medical school. Eventually a state hospital should be provided or the state should acquire the University Hospital from the City of Augusta. Augusta would then pay a per diem for its patients and the hospitals would be conducted under a state appropriation.
This program benefits first of all the many indigent patients from all sections of the state. It benefits the medical school by supplying clinical material for use in instructing the upper classes. It also benefits the communities and the small private hospitals of the state, as well as the physicians who own such hospitals and are unable to provide free hospitalization.
It has been found that many interesting teaching cases have been turned up over the state and that even the routine cases are extremely valuable in increasing the available clinical material. It is much to be desired that this service can be expanded and eventually evolved into a general medical and surgical hospital for patients from all counties where free hospitalization is not already provided. The need is great and the benefits to suffering humanity in Georgia will be incalculable. At the same time means will be provided for supplying sufficient clinical material for the school of medicine, thus removing the last obstacle to the permanent recognition of the institution.
STATE PRISON SERVICE
As mentioned above, plans were made during the year for improving the medical and surgical care of inmates of the state prison. Two residents, one medical and one surgical, will serve in rotation
129

with two others at the prison and at the University Hospital. the pairs swapping places e?.ch quart~ of the year. Increased nursing personnel. technical help and the services of specialists are envisioned in the program. The residents will be under the supervision of the school faculty and the specialists at the school will be on call. The medical school now has more full-time clinical teachers than most medical schools, but a few more such chairs are needed. When they are supplied, complete care of the inmates can be provided without calling in outside specialists (unsalaried professors on the faculty) . It is possible that some inmates may be brought to the University Hospital for operations, particularly for brain or thoracic surgery. Both of these specialties are now on a full-time basis. A state hospital on the medical school campus could provide beds for such patients with the necessary custodial care to prevent escape.
POST-GRADUATE EDUCATION
Individual physicians are received for post-graduate training in a number of departments. During the war formal post-graduate courses for groups of physicians have been discontinued except for the post-graduate courses for Negro physicians and the refresher course for Negro dentists. These courses continue, though the course for physicians has been cut from two weeks to four days for the duration of the war.
It is extremely doubtful that much post-graduate teaching can be done until after the termination of the war. Too many members of the teaching staff are absent in the armed forces for this work to be carried on as in peace time.
PHYSICAL EXAMINATION OF NEWLY ENROLLED STUDENTS
This very valuable contribution of the School of Medicine to student health has been seriously interfered with by the accelerated program brought on because of the war. Under this plan the medical school begins a new session every nine months and the summer vacation is eliminated. The students therefore do not ordinarily have sufficient time to make the trips to the various units in order to carry on this work. In the fall of 1944, however, there will be a short vacation period in September and it is hoped that the program can be resumed.
130

RECOMMENDATIONS CONCERNING STUDENTS
After the war it is likeJy that .t~re will be a lively interest in the scholarships provided by the legislature for students who agree to locate in small communities for a period of years. Inquiries have already been received concerning these scholarships, but the number has been small, no doubt because of the Army-Navy Specialized Training Program, which has absorbed eighty percent of the student body and provided tuition, books, instruments, board and lodging in addition to a monthly salary.
It is recommended that the amount of the scholarship be materially increased, since $1.000.00 will take care of only a third of the cost of a medical education in the university system. Many students now borrow a t}:10usand dollars to two thousand dollars or even more and many would prefer to repay a thousand dollars or more and not have any obligations in addition to the debt. Experience will demonstrate whether there will be takers of scholarships in the amount set at present.
It is very much to be desired that rural communities in need of physicians furnish offices and equipment and pay a small stipend of $2,000.00 or $2,400.00 a year. It would be much better if small well equipped hospitals were built by several rural counties on a sharethe-cost basis. Under such conditions young physicians might be attracted to such communities without requiring scholarships. It costs at least $3,000.00 for a medical education in the less expensive schools. A scholarship of $1.000.00 would pay only one third of the amount necessary. A young physician could not afford to practice in a small community where a good living could not be made, especially if he had to repay debts made in obtaining a medical education.
It is strongly urged that the Regents of the University System of Georgia memorialize the State Board of Medical Examiners to require an interneship of one year in a hospital approved by such board before licensing any one to practice medicine in Georgia.
ARMY-NAVY SPECIALIZED TRAINING PROGRAM
On or about July 1. 1943, some eighty percent of the students were inducted into the Army and Navy. The proportions were fifty-five percent to the Army and twenty-five percent to the Navy. Physically disqualified male students and women students constituted the twenty percent balance.
131

Space in the Newton Building and furnishings for the offices were provided for the staffs of the Army and the Navy by the medical school under the terms of the contracts. Reimbursement was made by the Federal government, the furnishings and equipment later to become the property of the school of medicine.
Although it was promised that the conduct of the medical school would not be interfered with under this program, this can not be said to have been realized. Students who failed have not been permitted to repeat a year, though experience has shown that most of them make good when given a second opportunity. The students have received more money than was good for them and they have been to some extent demoralized as a result. The program has been costly and was in the premises superfluous and unnecessary. Recent directives indicate that those in charge do not know what they want to do and the demoralization of medical education throughout the country goes on apace.
The policy of the school to accept only bona fide residents has gone by the board for the duration. Nevertheless, the school has been discriminated against by the Army and the Navy, which have not paid non-resident fees such as paid to other state university medical schools. A mean between the resident fees and the former nonresident fees has been paid. This arbitrary action has cost the school thousands of dollars. Applications have been made to the Army and the Navy to pay the non-resident tuition, but the matter is still in abeyance.
NEEDS
The principal needs of the school of medicine are as follows: (1) increased allocation for maintenance; (2) a new main building to be added to the Dugas-Murphey group; (3) provision for sufficient clinical material, and (4) hard surfacing of the newly curbed roadways around the Dugas and Murphey Buildings.
( 1) The annual allocation should be increased to at least $175,000.00 in order to: (a) make possible an increase in salaries to get in line with those paid by other medical schools and thereby prevent the constant threat of having the best teachers taken from the school; (b) enable the school to round out its full-time clinical professorships, thus completing its faculty and providing all the necessary specialists for the state aid program or a state hospital. The allocation of $175,000.00 must be in addition to any appro-
132

priation made for hospitalization of indigents, whether through the state aid program or in a state hospital
(2) The new building would house all the departments now housed in the Newton Building. The anatomy department should be provided with cold storage facilities for cadavers. The building should be of two stories and cover sufficient ground to complete a quadrangle with the other two buildings and enclose the central heating system and stack. It should face west instead of east as in the case of the Dugas and Murphey Buildings. The Newton Building should be renovated and converted into a dormitory, student union and interne quarters. For the latter purpose a second story passage should be built to connect with the second story of the University Hospital.
(3) Extension of the medical state aid program or a state general hospital would provide the necessary clinical material. This is really the greatest need of the school of medicine.
(4) The State Highway Department has already had the roadways around the new buildings surveyed and concrete curbing laid. The remaining work of putting down a hard surface is badly needed and should be done before the cooler weather of late fall (of 1944) . The landscaping and planting of shrubbery that have already been made possible have been a magnificent improvement, but the improvement is incongrous with the muddy roadways in wet weather.
STATUS OF SCHOOL AND OUTLOOK
The conclusions reached in the preceding report still hold and still require emphasis. They are repeated here:
The school of medicine now enjoys the best reputation of its existence since it was founded in 1828. This is due to the fine support the school has received from the Board of Regents. This support has made possible the employment of a distinguished faculty whose teaching and research have established a fine name in the world of medical education. Some of the most important scientific research made anywhere has been the product of our school and it has attracted wide attention.
All that is necessary now to continue the school of medicine as an approved institution is to supply the funds required for proper maintenance. Medical school budgets are carefully scrutinized by the accrediting agencies, which recognize the fact that medical education is expensive.
133

The fine cooperation of the Board of Regents and the chancellor is deeply appreciated. '"~::heir col).ti,pued support will assure the successful operation of the school of medicine. Emphasis must be placed upon original investigation and upon a sufficient supply of clinical material for teaching of third and fourth year students. Regular payments of allotments will insure a good esprit de corps among the faculty and will avoid the danger of a lowering of standards that would again attract the unfavorable attention of the accrediting agencies.
The sine qua non of standard medical education is money. With sufficient funds an approved school can be conducted; without them approval is out of the question.
Respectfully submitted,
G. LOMBARD KELLY, M.D., Dean.

STATEMENT OF RECEIPTS AND DISBURSEMENTS

JULY 1, 1943- JUNE 30, 1944

Cash on hand and in bank, July 1, 1943--------------------------

RECEIPTS:

Allotment from Regents, 1943-44------------------$126,899.19

Allotment from Regents, 1943-44-Expansion 63,100.81

City of Augusta------------------------------ 5,000.00

Student Fees, 1943-44---------------------------------- 111,549.35

Rent, 1496 Harper Street_______________________ 216.00

Rent, Alumni Tavern____________________________________

330.00

A.S.T.P. & N.T.U. Programs, a/c Maintenance and Operation, Use of Facilities, and Textbooks --------------------------------------
Stores, Microscopes, etc.____________________
Miscellaneous Income, Transcripts_____________

3,359.82 4,023.87
13.00

Depos~t for Employees' War Savings Bonds_

48.00

$ 44,642.49

Total Receipts

314,540.04

Total Receipts plus Cash Balance______________________________ $359,182.53 Total Disbursements --------------------------------------- 337,353.26

Balance on hand, June 30, 1944-------------------------------
134

$ 21,829.27

GEORGIA STATE COLLEGE FOR WOMEN
Dear Chancellor Sanford: .
I have the honor to present the annual report of the Georgia State College for Women for the year of 1943-1944, this being the :fifty-third year of the life of the college, and my tenth year as president.
INTRODUCTION
Inevitably in times like these, one must view the present condition of any college and its future in the perspective of war conditions. The enrollment of this college has declined during the past year in keeping with the situation in most of the other state colleges in Georgia. The college has had the privilege and honor of providing facilities for the training of six hundred to eight hundred of the Women's Reserve (WAVES), United States Naval Reserve during successive periods since January, 1943. This has enabled the college to keep its dormitories :filled and operating at above the normal capacity.
The number of WAVES enrolled at a given time has been declining, and it is anticipated that the program will be closed before the end of the next :fiscal year. It is expected that the college enrollment will be increased somewhat this fall if we can secure extra dormitory space, now used by the trainees of the Naval Training School. The Naval Training School has brought the college an average of 4 percent on the value of the buildings, and 6 percent on the value of the equipment used. In addition, it has provided funds for the repair and improvement of the buildings in several instances. Certainly, the college has not lost money in having this program, and it has given the college an opportunity to have a part in the war emergency program of training. To put the buildings back into proper civilian use, however, will require much time and effort as well as money.
GENERAL
The quality of the work done by the students during the past year has been very high. After the :first year, the students have become better adjusted to the presence of the WAVES, and neither group has interfered with the work of the other. A few parents have sent their daughters to other colleges because of a fear that the mili-
135

tary unit on the campus would impair the efficiency of the college. This accounts for some.of the f<U.ling off in enrollment.
In the survey report made by Dr. George Works during the past year, he was complimentary of the quality and kind of work our college is doing. He did not make any radical recommendations affecting this college. Dr. Kent's report on the work of our home economics department was flattering. Mr. Stewart's comments on the work of the business office were also highly complimentary. During the past year Dr. Jessie McVey, the head of the home economics department, has served on several state and federal committees affecting home economics education in the nation. Dr. Mildred English, head of the Peabody (Laboratory) School, is a member of the American Commission on Teacher Education, and she has had a wide influence on the educational thought of the nation through this group. Dr. Harry A. Little has likewise served on several state and national committees. At this time, he is on leave of absence, serving with the Army Air Forces as an educational consultant.
During the time that the enrollment has been declining, the college has been able to give several of the faculty members time for additional graduate study. Miss Jessie MeVey received the D.Ed. degree; Miss Clara W. Hasslock, the Ph.D. degree; Miss Neva Jones, the M.S. degree; Miss Austelle Adams, the B.S. degree in Library Science; Miss Mary Brooks was awarded a full year's fellowship for study in the Collaboration Center for Human Development and Education in the University of Chicago; Miss Maggie Jenkins was granted a leave of absence from the music department to study for eight months in Northwestern University; Miss Bernice Freeman of the Peabody School has been given a fellowship for a year's study by the General Education Board, and she will spend this year at Teachers College, Columbia University; Miss Helen Greene was granted a six months' leave to complete her dissertation for the Ph.D. degree at the University of Chicago.
It is encouraging to note that the faculty have been able during this war period to improve and broaden their training. It is our hope to add three or four outstanding men to the faculty in the coming year to take the places of men from our college now serving in the armed forces.
During the past year, the college sponsored a three-weeks' program in the state led by Dr. William H. Kilpatrick. It was im-
136

possible to fill all of the requests that came for his services. In May the Federal Security Agency and the Georgia Volunteer War Services Councils held a State Recreation- Leadership Institute on our campus in cooperation with the college and the Baldwin County Recreation Association. In April the college sponsored a state Conference of Leaders and Teachers of Nursery Schools and Child Care Centers. Soon we are to hold a Leadership Conference on Southern Problems under the direction of Dr. Howard W. Odum. During the year our staff has held school clinics and workshops at several places. Our teachers are called on for public addresses and advice from all over the state. Our college was selected as one among a small group over the nation doing teacher-training to conduct an Inter-American Workroom, sponsored and financed by the Coordinator of InterAmerican Affairs and the U. S. Office of Education. The purpose of this project was to improve relations between the United States and her neighbors to the south through a better understanding by teachers and children in the public schools of the land.
The entire college personnel has realized that we are living in a time of crisis. That there shall be no liquidation of the assets of the institutions of higher learning, it is necessary that these institutions improve their services, and one of the imperatives of our national existence is the improvement of the services to and by the public schools. We feel that the Georgia State College for Women has kept the lamps of learning burning as brightly as it has been possible during these times.
STUDENT ACTIVITIES
During the year the student body carried out a program of revision of the Constitution and By-Laws of the Student Government Association. Each change made was for the purpose of giving the students more responsibility for their own conduct that they might have a more wholesome lifsand greater personal development during their college days. The morale of the student body has never been higher, nor has the quality of leadership provided by the students been finer. We feel that the best training for living in a democracy is in making the college campus a laboratory or workshop for the study and practice of democratic ideas and principles. A student does not go through four years in this college without learning something of the techniques and the meaning of living in a democracy.
137

PLANT AND CAMPUS IMPROVEMENTS
The physical plant has been-improved in a great many ways during the past year. The college has had the services of about fifty men from the state prison, which has included masons, carpenters, plumbers, and unskilled workers. With their aid and special help from the chancellor, the college has erected a building for recreation and for the college laundry, valued at $40,000; and an addition to the music building is under construction, which will include classrooms and a small auditorium for recitals, concerts, etc., valued at $40,000; the basement of Parks Hall was excavated, and offices for college government, a student post office, and some much needed storage space and lounges were built there; a kitchen for the Naval Training School was completed; and additional storage space under Sanford Hall was made. The college has been fortunate in having this prison labor, and the work should be continued, as there is much additional work to be done.
PERSONNEL PROGRAM
The personnel counselling work has been carried on during the past year much as in the past. Miss Iva Chandler has spent most of her time in collecting and distributing information about students to the faculty counsellors. As usual, about fifteen members of the faculty assumed responsibility for service in the freshman counselling program. Each of these instructors had direct responsibility for about twenty freshmen. In addition, they had general contacts with the sophomores who had been in their groups during the preceding year. The faculty members did this work without any curtailment of their normal teaching loads. This practice has proved its value and should be extended and continued. More, however, remains to be done and more attention should be given toward advising students not to undertake what it is plain they cannot do. We know much more than we have dared do in the past.
PLACEMENT TESTS
Placement tests were administered to all freshmen last fall as usual. The papers were scored largely by the faculty counsellors. The scores with the grade rank of each individual were made accessible to faculty counsellors and others dealing with freshmen. The placement tests have proved to have a high predictive value in regard to total success or failure in college. As soon as the scores are known,
138

we can determine with a high degree of accuracy the probability of

the grades the students will make in college.

~--

.-.

Heretofore, we have not done much about taking care of the

typical students. Common sense would argue that we ought to

provide more exacting and stimulating courses for the brilliant stu-

dents, and more elementary and comprehendable work for those with

lower scores. There seems to be a field for some genuinely construc-

tive curricular work here.

IMPROVEMENT OF INSTRUCTION
The college that does not continually re-examine its curriculum and re-check its philosophy of education is in danger of losing the spirit of education. Because a certain program was the best we knew how to make last year is not sufficient reason to conclude that it will be best next year. With some consciousness of this truth in mind last year, most of the members of the faculty participated in study committees, dividing themselves according to their interests into groups to consider such problems as the curriculum, the improvement of instruction, the place of liberal arts, teacher training, etc. The year ended with all of the groups still active and with plans to continue their studies through next year. The value of these group studies will be measured more by the quickened interest of individual members of the faculty in the handling of problems than in any conclusions they reach and any reports they present.

ENROLLMENT
The cumulative enrollment for the regular school year of 194344 was 863. This is 118 below the preceding year. The students were classified as follows:
1943-44 Freshmen ------------------------------------------------ 365 Sophomores -------------------------------------------- 201 Juniors -------------------------------------------------- 15 7 Seniors --------------------------------------------------- 140
TotaL_______________________________________________ 863
Old students ------------------------------------------- 49 2 New students ------------------------------------------ 371
863
139

The cumulative enrollment for the last five years is as follows:

193 9-40_______________:1 544

1941-42________________ 123 2

1940-4 }________________ 1413

1942-43________________ 981

194 3-44---------------- 863

Our peak year in enrollment thus far was 1938-39, with 1603 students in attendance.

Our cumulative summer school enrollment in 1943 was 618. Average summer school enrollment in 1943 was 852.

GRADUATES
The following table shows the number and kl.nd of degrees awarded the past year:
Bachelor of Arts________________________________________________________ 28 Bachelor of Science______________________________________________________ 5 Bachelor of Science in Education__________________________________ 79 Bachelor of Science in Home Economics______________________ 59 Bachelor of Science in Secretarial Training__________________ 21

TOTAL __________________________________________________________________ l 92 Two-Year Normal Diploma______________________________________ 9 Two-Year Secretarial Diploma____________________________________ 27

TOTAL------------------------------------------------------------------ 36
For the first thirty years of its life, this institution was the Georgia Normal and Industrial College, with a two-year program, granting diplomas to those completing the courses prescribed. This custom has continued to the present, though the number of students seeking the two-year diploma has decreased rapidly during the last few years. The college has authorized the discontinuance of the two-year normal diploma after September I, 1946. It is decidedly to the interest of the college to be known as a strictly degreegranting institution. Its appeal to the best high school graduates will undoubtedly be much stronger when this is known throughout the state.
FACULTY MEMBERS IN ARMED FORCES
The following faculty members are on leaves of absence serving in the armed forces, having left since my last report:
Edward Dawson, English, Lieutenant (j.g.), U. S. Naval Reserve, at sea;
140

J. Dewberry Copeland, Secretarial Training and Economics, Lieutenant (s.g.), U. S. Naval Reserve, serving at a Naval Air Station;
Harry A. Little, Education, Civilian Consultant with Army Air Forces;
J. Wilson Comer, Home Economics, enlisted ranks, U.S. Army.
Others are on leaves who left before July, 1943.
DEATHS AMONG FACULTY MEMBERS
Miss L. R. G. Burfitt, professor of education, born August 24, 1876, died November 15, 1943.
GIFTS TO THE COLLEGE
The only gift during 1943-44 was a small piece of land and an old warehouse, value $10,000, donated to the college by Mrs. S. J. Stubbs, Sr., of Douglas, Georgia; on this land we have erected the Miller Recreation Hall and college laundry, in memory of the father and mother of Mrs. Stubbs.
POST-WAR NEEDS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Our recommendations are similar to those made last year. The need is more urgent now, as the cost of living has increased still more.
l. SALARIES. We are in a period of inflation, and the pre-war dollar is worth about half its former value. Our salaries have not been increased very much in many years. They are lower than the average paid in other Southern state-supported colleges for women. Many of our faculty are leaving for other positions in war plants, etc., and those who remain are finding it increasingly difficult to pay taxes and maintain a standard of living demanded of teachers in a college community. All salaries should be raised at least twenty percent. This can only be done with a large state allotment.
2. RETIREMENT. I mentioned in my last report the need for a retirement plan for the university system. The State of Georgia has now made possible such a plan by passing a constitutional amendment authorizing retirement. The governor has publicly stated that he has the money set up so that he can start the plan on January 1. 1945. Nothing that has occurred in recent years has given the teachers the
141

feeling of security and satisfaction that this piece of legislation has brought. It has enableciour colle~ to bring in new people into the faculty, thus insuring better instruction to the students. I hope that nothing interferes with the carrying out of this plan.

3. NEW CURRICULA. As a result of the war and of the changes of the concept of the place of women in society, there will probably be strong demands for many new kinds of training for women. The Georgia State College for Women should be poised and ready to meet any desirable new needs. Already there appears to be a place for the preparation of women for important executive and managerial positions in the field of retail selling. Arrangement has already been made with the Milledgeville State Hospital and with the cadet nursing program of the U. S. Government for this college to be responsible for the academic instruction of cadet nurses. These classes are expected to begin in the fall. There are other new courses and changes that would be very desirable. Music and teacher-training are two fields to be enlarged.

4. COMPARISON OF STUDENT FEES AND TOTAL COST IN STATE-SUPPORTED COLLEGES FOR WOMEN IN THE SOUTH, 1943-44:

State

Fees

Alabama __________________________________________$62. 00

Florida -------------------------------------------- 20. 00 Georgia -------------------------------------------- 75. 00 Mississippi -------------------------------------- 66. 00 North Carolina -------------------------------- 72. 00 South Carolina ----------- -------------------- 65.00 Texas ---------------------------------------------- 50.00

Total Cost $325.00
309.30 321.00 360.00 385.00 316.00 355.00

From the above study, it will be seen that the student fees at the Georgia State College for Women are higher than in any other state supported college for women in the South. The total cost to our students is not very different from that of the other schools. The difference in the quality of service rendered by these other institutions is made up by larger state appropriations.

BUILDING NEEDS
The college obtained only five new buildings under the last building program, the total cost amounting to about $500,000.00. We have the following needs now, and these needs will become
142

more urgent as our enrollment climbs back to normal. These are our building needs in the o~der name~:

a. Completion of wing to Peabody School (the laboratory school) ------------------------------------------$125,000.00
b. A new dormitory-------------------------------------------- 250, 000.00 c. Science and administration building__________________ 250,000.00 d. Faculty apartment house__________________________________ 100,000.00

e. Renovating and fireproofing Atkinson HalL____ f. Two home management houses________________________
g. Enlarging college library---------------------------------h. Adding wing to college hospitaL____________________
1. Green house ----------------------------------------------------

75,000.00 30,000.00 25,000.00 35,000.00 10,000.00

TOTAL---------------------------------------------------------$ 900, 000. 00

JUSTIFICATION OF THESE NEEDS:
a. Our present building for the laboratory school is for elementary students only, and there is no space in this building available for practice teaching in high school subjects.
b. Our present dormitory capacity is around one thousand, two to a room. The college should not try to take more than one thousand students with the present space that is available. It is doubtful that we can build up the enrollment very much until we get more dormitory space. Atkinson Hall should not be used as a dormitory much longer, and if it is eliminated, this will do away with space now used by one hundred and fifty students. The new dormitory should, therefore, provide for at least three hundred students.
c. The college does not have a space adequate for sciences. The space now in use was a dormitory at one time, and the building now houses not only the sciences, but also the administration and many other departments of instruction. We have no modern laboratories nor fireproof rooms such as a science and administrative building should have.
d. The college has never been able to find suitable or adequate housing for its teachers. We erected a faculty apartment house, but because of crowded conditions on the campus, the students have had to use a part of this building. A faculty apartment house would bring revenue to the college, and it would enable the college to get better teachers.

143

e. Atkinson Hall is the oldest building on the campus, it is a fire trap, and it is much in need of-renovation. It will not be usable as a dormitory for much longer.
f. G.S.C.W. trains more home economics teachers than any other college in the state, and it does not own a single practice house. We now rent two houses, which are not well adapted to the needs.
g. The college library and hospital were built for a student body of about one thousand. Both buildings can be enlarged without too great cost.
h. The biology department has long asked for a green house for use in the study of plants.
Below is a comparison in value of plants, equipment, etc. in the state-supported colleges for women in the South. Many of the state women's colleges of the South spent as much as $900,000.00 on one building before the war. We need at least $900,000.00 for all improvements, if Georgia expects her womans' college to give service comparable to that of the neighboring states.

COMPARISON IN APPROPRIATIONS, VALUE OF PLANTS, EQUIPMENT, ETC. IN STATE-SUPPORTED COLLEGES FOR WOMEN
IN THE SOUTH, 1943-44

!.s

t
~ <

....

0 ..

'.,...,
~"=

... ~
~s-;g=
i&l

~~i
"'< o[0~\oi"So " ~ ."..

Alabama -------------------$294,624.00 $2,500,000.00 19 106

Florida ---------------------- 541,678.00 5,500,000.00 23 1152

GMeiossrigsisaip-p--i----_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_- 215537,,102004..6010

3,000,000.00 3,000,000.00

18 24

23 40

North Carolina ________ 474,743.00

7,500,000.00

45

100

South Carolina ________ 257,000.00

4,055,000.00

20

80

Texas ------------------------ 738,000.00 4,730,000.00 55 171

s i
' ~ .~:S~
oo..:l~
39,000 76,468 35,938 55,000 98,546 62,391 68,000

SUMMARY OF NEEDS

Y au will note from the above data on the state-supported colleges for women in the South that the Georgia State College for Women receives less appropriation for maintenance than any other college in the group except Mississippi; that it has fewer buildings than any other; that the size of its campus is less than any other, and that it has a smaller library than any of the other seven. This college needs much larger state support for maintenance and for land expansion. The campus has space for only four tennis courts, and no space for outdoor sports.

144

A state appropnatlon of $300,000.00 would not be out of reason, and a building program of $900,000.00 to cover the cost of buildings and land would be necessaf'y to make our college com~ parable to the others.
Respectfully submitted,
Guy H. WELLS, President
THE GEORGIA STATE WOMANS COLLEGE
Dear Chancellor Sanford:
As president of the Georgia State W omans College at Valdosta, I herewith submit my annual report for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1944.
The Georgia State Womans College opened in September, 1943, with the largest dormitory enrollment in its history-244 boarding students as opposed to 153 during the previous spring quarter.
Under an accelerated program, which was instituted imme~ diately after Pearl Harbor, there were three commencements during the year, and at the end of the summer quarter we shall graduate our first three~year class.
Although there is no military unit at G.S.W.C., attention should be called to the fact that the students took an active part in the war effort, particularly in sponsoring the Fourth War Loan.
As sponsors for the Fourth War Loan, G.S.W.C. students directed their energies chiefly toward the sale of "E" bonds, which were oversubscribed by many thousands of dollars. The quota for Lowndes County for all types of bonds was oversubscribed by a million dollars, the total amount equalling that subscribed in the other ten counties in our district. For their splendid work, the G.S.W.C. student body received a Treasury Citation.
In the annual Polio Drive, sponsored by the G.S.W.C. Sports Club, more than five times as much money was collected as in the previous year.
During the year 1943~44, the college absorbed ten or twelve thousand dollars which had not been anticipated in the budgetfor repairs and alterations, personal services (colored help) , and heat~ ing plant-and closed its books on July 1, free of debt.
145

COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES FOR WOMEN
The general aim of the collegt is to provide broad experience in the various fields of knowledge. Upon such a foundation, almost any sort of superstructure can be built. For the various professions, such a background is today imperative. In addition, by means of selected courses, our students may prepare themselves to become nurses, laboratory technicians, or workers in a number of specialized :fields.
For many years past, the college has functioned chiefly as a liberal arts unit of the university system, offering only the A.B. degree. With the addition of the B.S. degree, however, G.S.W.C. is now recognized as a college of arts and sciences, informed and nourished by that liberal atmosphere so conducive to the abode of virtue, and so necessary both for the development of the individual and her college.
As the training of women for army and navy auxiliary service is not feasible at a small college, particularly when there is an unusual student demand for dormitory facilities, G.S.W.C. is the only senior college in the university system for civilian students only.
THE CURRICULUM
The current catalogue of the college carries a faculty roster, general information, business regulations, the organization of the curriculum, the divisions of instruction, and a register of students. Provision is made within the curriculum for divisional majors, departmental majors, and for independent study.
All curricula everywhere are in a constant state of revision and change, but no radical departures are anticipated at G.S,W.C. in the immediate future. Despite the general clamor for changes in the curriculum to meet post-war needs, and in the belief that our faculty will, in its wisdom make such changes in the curriculum. as post-war actualities make necessary or expedient, the administrative officers of the college are reluctant to disrupt the present carefully planned and reasonably satisfactory curriculum.
BUILDING PROGRAM
The present administration of the Georgia State Womans College does not expect and has not planned for a post-war enrollment beyond 500 students. Even should there be a larger demand, it would be our wish to limit enrollment to 500 selected students. There is,
146

we believe, a real need within the university system for a small college of arts and sciences for. women. _
There are three dormitories on the G.S.W.C. campus-Converse Hall, Ashley Hall, and Senior Hall. At the moment, our maximum dormitory capacity is 25 0. In normal years, we can expect a day student enrollment of not less than 100. Dormitory space for another 100 or 150 students will have to be provided, therefore, if enrollment is to reach the 500 mark mentioned above. This space can be provided without building additional dormitories.
By moving our health service out of Converse and into a $40,000 building, by moving the dining hall out of Ashley and into a $50,000 building, by moving our recreation room out of Senior Hall and into a $70,000 gymnasium, by converting the space thus freed into bedrooms, and by extending wings on two of the three dormitories, ample space can be provided. To make these additions, and to construct a health service building, a dining hall, and a gymnasium, will cost not less than $175,000.
In addition, West Hall, which houses administrative offices, laboratories, and class rooms, will have to be remodelled if it is to accommodate as many as 500 students. An approximate cost of such additions and alterations is $70,000 which, together with a proposed $30,000 music building, will total another $100,000. (Final plans and drawings for health service building, gymnasium, and music house are already completed.)
There is no municipal auditorium in Valdosta, and the G.S.W.C. campus is the logical place for such a structure. If the town, the county, and the State would pool their .energies, and their money, the State share in such a building should be about $75,000.
For a total of $350,000, then, a physical plant could be completed at G.S.W.C. which would endure for many years to come.
Nothing has been said in this report about "planning for the future"-either with regard to the curriculum or the physiCal plant. All plans are laid for the future!
Respectfully submitted,
FRANK R. READE, President
147

GEORGIA TEACHERS COLLEGE
.
Dear Chancellor Sanford:
In making this annual report, I shall review the problems and achievements of the year now closing, 1943-1944, and also present some of the problems and needs of the year ahead-1944-1945.

HOW THE WAR AFFECTED THE COLLEGE
These are some of the effects on the college due to the war: (1) The attendance was reduced from 500 to 150; men were called into war service; women were engaged as teachers, defense workers or civilian laborers of various sorts. (2) The faculty and other responsible white college employees were reduced from 74 in 19401941 to 35 at the time of this report. (3) It has been impossible to secure and retain competent labor-supervisor of buildings and grounds, carpenters, painters, farm foremen, farm laborers, cooks, janitors and maids. Nearby defense projects, with the wages paid by them, have made it impossible to pay salaries such that sufficient and efficient labor could be kept. That we have been able to operate our plant at all has been due to volunteer, second mile service on the part of the faculty. Milking cows, electrical and carpentry service and janitorial chores have been assumed by faculty members when necessary in order to carry on the work of the institution.

ATTENDANCE DURING 1943-1944
In spite of the effects of the war upon student attendance, particularly in teachers colleges, the attendance at Georgia Teachers College was slightly better during the session 1943-1944 than it was during the previous session. For 1943-1944, the attendance was as follows:

1st Term
M W T
33 175 208

SUMMER QUARTER 1943

2nd Term
MW T 21 123 144

Total 352

Total (dup. exc.) .
254

SUMMER QUARTER 1944

1st Term

M W

T

32 206 238

148

ENROLLMENT REGULAR SESSION 1943-1944

Fall
M w Total
37 121 158

Winter
M w Total
34 123 157

M w
31 126

Total Total 157 193

GRADUATES FOR YEAR 1943-1944

B.S. in Ed.
M w
August 1943 --------10 14 June 1944 ____________ 2 11

Jr. Col. Dip.
M w
1

Total

M w

Total

10 14

24

3 11

14

T otaL______________ 12 25

1

13 25

38

No effect of the war on the college is more evident than its effect upon the number of its graduates-38 during the full year 1943-1944 while in 1940-1941. there were 120.

EFFECT ON INSTRUCTION
The breadth of instruction has been curtailed greatly by the war.
In order to economize only a skeleton faculty has been retained. In certain phases of work where the normal demand was small, such as modern languages, it has been dispensed with altogether until after the war. Teachers who were called into service have not been replaced and the work has been carried on by other faculty members transferred from other fields. Naturally, this has meant a lowering of the quality of instructional service. This will present one of our major tasks when the war is over-the reestablishment of the needed types of service carried on by teachers of first rate ability and thorough preparation.

PUBLICATIONS BY FACULTY MEMBERS
It is one of the misfortunes of small colleges that faculty members are so much engaged with their instructional and administrative duties that they cannot find time to do frontier thinking of the sort suitable for magazine articles and books. Only a few of the faculty members have made any such contributions during the past year. The dean of the college, Z. S. Henderson, is one of the editorial writers of the Wesleyan Christian Advocate. Mr. Ronald Neil, chairman of the division of music has contributed a number of articles to music magazines and the President of the College has

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contributed one article each to The Americana Medical Journal and to Recreation. Several m_embers of_the faculty have sufficient ability to make such contributions if they had the right challenge and opportunity to devote themselves to it.
ADVANCED DEGREES
Only two faculty members have been away for graduate study during 1943-1944. Both of them have now completed their work for the doctorate. Mr. Paul Thompson, in the :field of biology, has been on leave at the University of Chicago. He has now completed his work. Unfortunately for us, he has been offered a position with Tulane Medical College at a salary of $6,000. Naturally, he will take it instead of returning to his position as an assistant professor at Georgia Teachers College at $2,100. Mr. Ronald Neil has completed his work for the doctorate in music at Peabody College. He is supposed to return to us, but, we fear some other institution with more pay and larger opportunity will take him, also, from us.
ARMY UNIT AT THE COLLEGE
For six months, the college was the site of a classification unit of ~he ASTP. Men were selected from the various army camps and s~nt here for classification. From here, they were sent to the leading universities of the nation to pursue specialized training in engineering, medicine, and languages. During the time this school was used as a classification center, more than five hundred different men passed through this center. They were all men of superior intellectual abilhy; all had had at least two years of college education; :p10st of them already held college degrees; many of them had already d<m~ considerable graduate study. Their presence on the campus was a sou'rce of inspiration to the entire college.
FIRST DISTRICT MEET
Annually Georgia Teachers College serves as the host for the schQols of the First District of Georgia when it holds its meet for contests in musical. literary, and tract events. The meet for 1944 was -considered the best in the district's history of these events.
WITH THE ARMED FORCES
Georgia Teachers College is so young as a degree granting institution, (19 29), that practically all of its men graduates are en-
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gaged in some branch of the armed forces since teaching, strange to say, is not recognized as an essential activity to the war effort. Its graduates now encircle the globe. Many of them are officers and many have found their place in some instructional phase of the military service.
IMPORTANT ADDITIONS TO THE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
(1) FARM LAND. Most important among the physical improvements of the college during the year was the purchase of the Johnson farm of 100 acres which adjoins the college land on the west, and extends to the old Register road. This property in the possession of others served as a constant threat to the efficiency and safety of the college. It will provide needed farm land, sewage outlet, and social protection to the college throughout the future.
(2) BETTER KITCHEN FACILITIES. The college has been greatly handicapped in the past becau'le of inefficient kitchen facilities. The coming of the Army unit to the college made necessary improved facilities. This was undertaken for that purpose. Unfortunately, labor conditions were so unsatisfactory that the work was not completed before the discontinuance of the Army unit. The project proved very expensive, and very irritating. It is not yet completed. When it is, it will prove a source of great benefit to the college.
(3) IMPROVEMENT OF DORMITORY FACILITIES. Sanford Hall and East Hall were occupied as barracks by the Army unit. This made necessary considerable renovation of quarters. The floors of Sanford Hall have been completely refinished, and East Hall has been repainted throughout.
MAJOR PHYSICAL IMPROVEMENTS NEEDED
In order to round out the physical plant of Georgia Teachers College, and properly equip it to serve 750 students which should; and would be its normal student body, the following additional physical facilities are very much needed:
1st. THE COMPLETION OF THE LABORATORY SCHOOL. We have completed only about one-half of the laboratory school. In this, the high school section is served. The elementary section is served in another building which, if it were freed, would adequately serve our division of exact sciences which at present is very inadequately housed. The estimated cost for the completion of the laboratory school is $100,000.
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2nd. AN ARTS BUILDING. The division of arts-fine art, industrial art, home economics, and- music-is very unsatisfactorily served. It is scattered all over the campus-basements, garrets, back stage, balconies-wherever a place can be found. A suitably designed, and properly located building is much needed, to serve the various departments of this very important division. The estimated cost of a suitable building is $150,000.
3rd. GYMNASIUM. A suitable college gymnasium is much needed. The college has a small gymnasium which might continue to serve the high school and render other valuable service, but it was poorly conceived, and it inadequately serves the needs of the college. A suitable gymnasium could be built at the location where it would properly serve the college for approximately $125,000.
4th. A CENTRAL HEATING PLANT. Georgia Teachers College, like Topsy, "jes' growed." It was not conceived as a completed institution, designed to render a specific service. For that reason, each additional building has been added as an independent unit. As a result, there are eight separate heating plants. Each must be planned for, maintained and serviced. This means that there is much to plan for, much to get out of condition. Much labor is needed, and at best, service is not satisfactory. One central heating plant is much needed. Probably $100,000 would be needed to properly care for the needs.
5th. A STUDENT CENTER. I would not advocate a very large or very expensive building for this purpose. It should be large enough to provide room for:
I. A post office
2. A book store
3. Refreshment counter and serving parlor
4. A modest lounge.
The estimated cost for this student center is $25,000.
6th. CATILE AND HoG BARNS. The college owns a splendid herd of thirty Holstein cattle, and it, also, keeps continuously about 100 head of Poland China hogs. To care properly for these, about $15,000 should be invested in suitable barns.
7th. FENCES. The fences around the college property are all old and in very poor condition. They should all be replaced. The amount of $2,500 should be provided at once for this purpose.
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8th. SUMMARY OF BUILDING NEEDS: 1. Completion of Laboratory....SchooL______$1 00,000 2. An Arts Building__________________________________ 150,000
3. Gymnasium ---------------------------------------- 125,000 4. A Central Heating Plant______________________ 100,000 5. A Student Center__________________________________ 25,000 6. Cattle and Hog Barns__________________________ 15,000 7. Fencing ---------------------------------------------- 2, 5 00

Total Needs for Building__________________$517 ,500
With these seven facilities provided, Georgia Teachers College would have a plant adequate to its present needs, and of which the state could be justly proud.

ADEQUATE FACULTY AT ADEQUATE PAY
Important as are more adequate buildings, and equipment and other physical facilities, even more important is an adequate number and variety of faculty members with a salary schedule such that teachers of the best quality may be secured and retained. Listed below is the number and ranks of faculty members adequate to provide for Georgia a first rate teachers college capable of serving 750 students which was before the war and will be after the war, the attendance reasonably expected.

FACULTY OF 1940-1941-AND THEIR SALARIES

See following page, (page 9). a summary of the faculty according to rank and salary as they existed during the session 1940-1941 with an indication of the amount that would be needed to bring the faculty as it existed then up to the national standard:

I. Division of Arts:

1. Fine Arts 2. Ind. Arts 3. Home Ec. 4. Music

Inst. 1-1500 2-1500 $4,500

Asst. 1-1800
1-1800 1-1800
$5,400

Assoc. 1-2100 1-2100 1-2100 1-2100
$8,400

Prof. 1-2666 1-2500 $5,100

Extra Total Needed
3900 1665 6200 2591 3900 1660
-93-00 -39-39
$23,300 $9,845

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II. Division of Commercial Education:
2-1500

$3,000 $1,418

$3,000
III. Division of Education:
11-1500 2-2000
$16,500 $4,000
IV. Division of Languages:
1-1500 3-1800

1-2400 $2,400
1-2200

2-3000 --- ---
$6,000 $28,900 $7,890
1-2400 ----------

$1,500 $5,400 $2,200
v. Division of Physical Education:
3-1500 1-1800 1-2400

$2,400 $11,500 $2,468
---- -------

$4,500 $1,800 $2,400
VI. Division of Exact Sciences:
3-2000 1-2100

$6,000
VII. Division of Social Sciences:
2-2000

$2,100 1-2400

$8,700 $4,269
1-2400 ---------- --------
$2,400 $10,500 $2,911
1-3000 ----------- --------

$4,000
VIII. Division of Libraries:
4-1500

$2,400 $3,000 1-2700

$9,400 $2,540

$6,000

$2,700 $8,700 $6,087
----

TOTAL 24-$36,000 14-$26,600 9~$19,900 8-$21,500 $104,000 $37,428

FACULTY NEEDED DURING NEXT FIVE YEARS: The instructional staff of 1940-1941 was almost adequate in number for the needs at that time. By the addition of five more members, properly distributed, the staff would have been sufficient. That number60-would be adequate to serve this school with a student body running up to 750. This would require an additional cost of three assistant professors and two associate professors-$13,644.

Beyond that number, additional instructors would be needed at the rate of one teacher for each additional ten students. As teachers are needed, financial provision should be made so that one-half of the new teachers might be added with the rank of associate professor. The Qther.half could be assistant professors. It is reasonable to expect that the demand for teachers will increase after the war, and, therefore, adequate provision should be made for strengthening Georgia Teachers College.

REDUCTION OF FEES: During the year 1940-1941, Georgia Teachers College collected through fees the amount of $54,131.84. If the fees were reduced by one-half, this would mean that it would be necessary to increase the state's appropriation to the extent of $27,000.
ADDITIONAL ADMINISTRATIVE AND CLERICAL STAFF: Georgia Teachers College has carried on its work with the minimum of administrative officials and clerical assistants. Persons not adequately equipped have been employed as house directors, nurses, office helpers and dining room assistants. More and better help is needed in all of these fields. A minimum of $6,000 is needed annually to take care of these needs.
CAMPUS AND FARM LABOR: Better supervision and more and better labor is needed to care for the college buildings, the campus, and the college farm. The happiness of the faculty and student body depend upon the effectiveness of this labor-$10,000-annually should be provided to increase the efficiency of this phase of the college program.
THE BACHELOR OF ARTS DEGREE AND THE MASTERS DEGREE IN EDUCATION
The curriculum of Georgia Teachers College should be strengthened in two respects:
1. The college should confer the Bachelor of Arts degree. Every reputable teachers college in the nation does. It would require practically no additional expense-merely the strengthening of the work in foreign language. This should be done at once. The addition of one assistant professor at $2,509 annually would provide this service.
2. The college should also offer the Masters Degree in Education. Again this is the practice of all of the stronger state teachers colleges of the nation. Georgia should not be too far behind the best. The greater part of this work would be done during summer schools because. th1s work wouid- be done chiefly by teachers in service. The college is organized to do it, and can do that work with less expense and with as great effidency as any .other institutjon in the. s.tate. Not more than $8,000 additional expense annually would be required to efficijmtly rerder .t~at service.
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SUMMARY OF AMOUNTS REQUIRED
Summary of amounts requireCT to provide efficient instructional and other human service at Georgia Teachers College for an estimated student body of 750 are listed on the following page:
1. Instructional cost as of 1940-194L-------------------------------$104,000 2. Additional amount required to attain National Standard 37,428 3. Additional faculty needed for student body of 750________ 13,644 4. If fees were reduced by one-half, the state should
increase allocation by------------------------------------------------------ 27,000 5. Additional Administrative and clerical help needed_____ 6,000 6. Additional campus and farm labor_______________________________ 10,000 7. Provide for the Bachelor of Arts degree_______________________ 2,509 8. Provide for the Masters degree in Education______________ 8,000
TOTAL ALLOCATION required for efficient service at Georgia Teachers College___________________________$208,581
CONCLUSION
From the foregoing data, it is clear that the State of Georgia could provide a state teachers college worthy both of the state and of the high mission committed to it by:
( 1). The expenditure of $500,000 for buildings.
(2). The annual allocation of funds to the extent of $210,000. It is believed that the income from board and from dormitories and other auxiliary sources should be used to maintain the facilities of the college, thereby leaving the money appropriated by the state to pay the salaries of faculty and other college employees.
In addition to the material contained, I wish to add one other suggestion and request: special provision for the preparation of teachers for handicapped children- mentally subnormal, crippled, partially-sighted, and hard of hearing.
Many of the states of the nation are now providing for such professional training. Georgia should not overlook this very important phase of educational work. While I was at Ypsilanti we established a practice school of four rooms devoted to this special type of service. Since that time a grant of half a million dollars has been provided by the Rackham Fund for erecting a special building for that purpose.
This is a very much overlooked field in Georgia and I should like for Georgia Teachers College to have the privilege of providing that service. No :finer individual unit could be added to the Uni-
156

versity System than this; $12,500 would be sufficient annually to provide for instruction in th_ese four a~as of special education.
I hope that this can be done at Georgia Teachers College.
Respectfully submitted,
MARVIN S. PITTMAN.
GEORGIA EVENING COLLEGE
Dear Chancellor Sanford:
ENROLLMENT
Despite all the enrollment changes in other schools and colleges, the University System Center has not only contributed much of its enrollment of 2,541 students to government purposes, but has enrolled during the past academic year more civilian students in commerce than all the colleges from Virginia to Arkansas. Its civilian enrollment in commerce students is twice as many as enrolled in all colleges of the Southeast, ten times as many as enrolled in commerce in the great University of Texas, and one hundred and thirty-one times as many as enrolled in colleges in the Atlanta area.
In addition to the large civilian enrollment, the school has served the university system in an enrollment of 202 pre-cadet nurses, and a total of 312 in job classification classes under the sponsorship of the Fourth Service Command.
WOMEN ENROLLMENT
Just a few years ago the enrollment of women students was less than 200; this year the total net enrollment of women is 1,998; while that of the men, all civilians, this year is 543. This total enrollment of 2,541 has been well distributed in the different school terms, so that the class size for all teachers has been greatly reduced. This could be done, because our faculty has been kept up to the normal size, as before the war.
REPLY TO CRITICISM
Mr. Chancellor, although we are citing this virtue as an answer to a criticism made of this unit by Dr. Works, we still hold to the belief with others in the adult education field that large classes for
157

adults is not necessarily wrong. A classroom of students with an average age of 25 has far fewer distractions, both to the teacher and the other students in the class, than a class of youthful restlessness on a college campus, where only one in fifty is 25 years or older.
ALUMNI IN SERVICE
For the past six years our faculty conferences have had as their chief purpose the bettering of our teaching during the war and preparing for the future and the place of this institution, when many of our 5. 561 alumni now in the service will come back as enrollees. The head of the history department has spent his spare time in perfecting courses in The History of Latin America, The United States and the Far East, The History of the Americas. and The History of American Diplomacy.
Of the 5,561 of our former students now in the armed service, more than a thousand are commissioned officers, and more than five hundred are in officer candidate schools. Eleven have made the supreme sacrifice.
RETURNED SOLDIERS
Evening colleges all over the country are making preparations to care for their biggest enrollment after the war. By the regulations set forth in the recently enacted "G.I. Bill." part-time attendance in college is included for the returning soldiers and sailors. Also included in the bill, which is of benefit to evening colleges, is a provision that training in industry and business by the soldier is sponsored by the government, along with the academic training received in schools and colleges.
Another reason for the overtaxing of the facilities of evening colleges after the war is that returning soldiers, matured far beyond their actual age, will wish to get jobs and learn while they earn, as with their maturity they will have outgrown the campus college desire. Many also will have married during the war years and will have additional incentive to combine their college and business careers.
To meet many of these problems of the returned soldier, our staff has already begun to prepare and administer refresher courses.
An additional school building for a more adequate evening college program seems almost essential. if we are properly to serve the thousands of Georgia men and women who will be coming to us year after year.
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EXPERIENCED AID TO ADULTS
These returning soldiers will wish. to go to a competent institution. The school has through the years given aid through highly skilled specialists, and may therefore offer such service to the soldier, so that he may ascertain his particular bent or trend. By such experienced aids as we have practiced with our own adult students, we can bring to the returned soldier enrolling with us a fair share of happiness and profitable result, for our attention through the years has been teaching and finding employment for adults.
The advisors having related to him his new life, he may then choose his courses with more confidence. By this method he will become absorbed in the study of such outlined subjects, and will do constructive work, when all efforts to force him or fit him into a concrete academic mold would fail for him, and the state and the nation would bear the loss.
Place this individual in the properly adjusted school work, and he becomes more interested and adjusted to his work and his vocation, and he therefore does more useful work, gets along better with his employees, and is more happily situated in the community. Having thus had created in him an urge for community life, he can more actively participate in religious, school, and governmental affairs, and a good citizen is created.
ATLANTA BUSINESS CONTACTS
This academic service as outlined for the returned service man and his compatriots now doing other global services, is but a continuation of what this institution has been doing all the time. Thousands of Georgia boys and girls, unable for financial reasons to go to, or continue their education on a college campus have been induced by the Georgia Evening College administration to place themselves in our hands for support in point of board, tuition, and the necessities of life. Some of the services to these hundreds of high school enrollees from Georgia high schools have, over the years, become cumulative, and are not only a big factor in the continued big enrollment of the school, but have gained in more than 800 Atlanta business houses, much prestige for the efforts of the chancellor and the Board of Regents.
In years past, even in those depression years, as many as six hundred different Georgia high schools have sent such students to us. By organizing our entire student body in the finding of jobs and in
159

the helpful adjusting of these Georgia boys and girls in their first big adventure in life, the school_has continued a prosperous career since the reorganization of the university system. This force for finding jobs and its attendant services have given us the necessary experience in meeting not only the school requirements for returned soldiers. but also the other items as they are incorporated in the recently adopted G.I. Bill. Certainly with the successful experience of the past years in finding employment for adults, our program may more easily adjust itself to returned soldiers, both as to their employment while in school. and in finding secure and successful employment after their academic training in this institution.
Judge A. L. (Jack) Etheridge, Judge of Fulton Superior Court, has been a student of the Georgia Evening College for more than two years, and received his degree in June. In speaking of the student personnel and of the preparations made to care for the returned soldiers, Judge Etheridge spoke out of his experience as a Georgia Evening College student to the senior class:
DOORS ARE WIDENED
"Most of these improved Georgians, students of Georgia Evening College, in pre-war days, have remained at home, and our State is getting and will doubtless continue to get the benefit of their industry, ability, character, and leadership. These virtues and high qualities will nearly always be found in those who have courage, imagination, and energy to go by night in search of further education after working all day. As the institution has improved, thousands of young Georgians come from nearly every county in the state, so their doors should be widened to admit additional thousands that will want to come and get what others have received and such benefits that may be then available.
"Because of the location, the people and causes that can be served, and its history of rich service already rendered to the state, the courses at the evening college, it seems to me, ought to be broadened and appropriate degrees awarded to those who seek and earn them.
GEORGIA'S OPPORTUNITY
"In about an hour's drive of Atlanta more than 50,000 service men and women will return. It may be that several thousands of them will apply for admission to the Georgia Evening College. As
160

heretofore, thousands will apply from hundreds of Georgia high schools. Will the institution be in a position to receive them? Surely we shall not fail sucli a privilege and forfeit such an opportunity!
"The present space cannot, of course, begin to accommodate the post-war needs and requirements. This great institution is no less important than the most successful business enterprises in Atlanta and Georgia, and I think we would be wise to provide them with buildings no less modern and conveniently located than the finest department stores or buildings in Atlanta or Georgia. I can think of nothing on the long pull that would return such rich dividends to our state as money spent in the support of these institutions, whether in thousands or millions."
This from a man, fifteen years an outstanding Fulton County Judge, is his approval of the Georgia Evening College student body and their effort to educate themselves so that they may better serve the State.
Respectfully submitted,
GEORGE M. SPARKS, Director.
DIVISION OF GENERAL EXTENSION
Dear Chancellor Sanford:
Conformable with the regulations of the regents, I have the honor to submit a report of the work of the Division of General
Extension of the University System of Georgia for the period July 1.
1943, through June 30, 1944, the seventeenth year of the present administration of the division.
Regular monthly, quarterly, and annual financial budgets and reports have been submitted, as prescribed, and are on file with the treasurer of the regents.
As is well understood, since the Division of General Extension is required to be practically self-supporting, the program of the division, unfortunately, is largely restricted to those activities which yield financial returns, such as extension class instruction and correspondence instruction, for which students pay tuition, and audiovisual extension service, for which small service fees are charged.
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The plan of operation of the Division of General Extension contemplates full coope~ation witq all units of the university system in the areas reasonably accessible to the respective units. The administrative officers and the faculties of several of the units are more active, interested and cooperative than are the representatives of other units of the system, where evidently there is not so broad a vision of the opportunity or so full a realization of the value of the university system's cooperative extension program.
The academic standards of the university system are rigidly maintained at all times, and students doing extension work receive the same credit as to resident students for the same or equivalent work. One-fourth of the credit required for a degree in an institution of the university system may be obtained through the Division of General Extension. Other leading universities in the United States allow more extension credit to be applied toward degree requirements- some twice as much, as, for instance, the University of Chicago.
The division has employed during the year 1943-44 three fulltime representatives for the organization and instruction of extension classes. For some months now, three other members of the full-time teaching staff of the division are in the armed services or engaged in work in support of the war effort, and are on leave of absence for the duration. In addition to their own work of teaching, the members of the full-time instructional staff of the division make contacts and organize extension classes which the members of the faculties of the several units of the university system instruct. Twenty-one part-time instructors were employed.
Courses in a wide range of subjects have been given in extension classes.
Two hundred seventy-one (271) correspondence courses were offered by members of the faculties of five senior colleges of the university system-four for white students and one for Negroes.
During 1943-44, 2,640 students pursued 3,424 courses by correspondence, representing every county in Georgia and 39 other states. During this same period 999 students pursued 1.771 courses in 112 extension classes conducted in 52 communities in the state. The grand total number of individuals who pursued courses through this division was 3,639, as compared with 3,530 in 1942-43.
The Division of General Extension cooperated with the United States Armed Forces Institute in offering correspondence courses to
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men in the armed services at a special reduced tuition rate. Under this plan the student pays one-half the cost of tuition and textbooks and the government pays the other half. -During the fiscal year ended June 30, 1944, the number of men enrolled in this division through the Armed Forces Institute was 145.
Non-credit reading courses have been provided for study groups of the Georgia State Federation of Women's Clubs, Parent-Teacher Associations, and other local organizations.
Inaugurated in 19 36, the audio-visual extension service of the division is regarded as one of the most outstanding achievements of the Division of General Extension in recent years. Through this agency educational motion picture films are distributed to schools and colleges and other educational organizations, for use in classroom and laboratory. Films in biology, botany, chemistry, astronomy, geography, geology, the social sciences, child psychology, teacher training, industry, travel, etcetera, are included in the film library of the division, which is recognized as one of the best in the nation. The library contains 1,008 educational motion picture films, utilized by 393 schools and colleges in 36 states during the past year. The total "audience" viewing these films last year was 1,521,227.
The Southern Conference on Audio-Visual Education, sponsored by this Division of General Extension for several years, has been suspended for the duration.
New releases of educational motion pictures are continually being acquired. The division contemplates publication this fall of a new complete catalog of 16mm educational motion pictures for use in the schools. A copy of the new catalog will be filed in the office of the regents as soon as printed.
The director of extension recently attended a special conference of directors of extension in state universities and/or land-grant colleges throughout the United States, called for the purpose of considering the provisions and discussing the procedure in promoting the passage of Senate Bill 1670 introduced by Senator Thomas of Utah, andreferred to the Committee on Education and Labor of the United State!! Senate. The purpose of Senate Bill 16 70 is "to promote the welfare of the people by establishing a publicly supported adult education program stemming from the state universities and land-grant colleges, by setting up a cooperative university extension and adult education program separate from but supplemental to the cooperative agricultural extension service authorized by previous Acts, thus
163

making available to community groups and individuals the full educational facilities and_research fip.dings of these public institutions of higher learning; to aid in diffusing useful and practical information of a non-agricultural character among the people of the United States; to establish a college and university adult education extension program so that the institutional resources and facilities of state universities and land-grant colleges may be made available to individuals and community groups everywhere, through such extension media as are usually found in university extension and such other media as participating institutions find appropriate to carry out the purpose of this Act."
It is desired to have Congressman Barton of North Carolina introduce a similar bill in the House of Representatives, and several conferences have been held with Congressman Barton on this subject.
The effort of the National University Extension Association to secure the passage of this bill is under the direction and leadership of the association's committee on legislation, J. 0. Keller, of the Pennsylvania State College, chairman.
Under Senate Bill 1670, the general extension program would "serve individuals whose training and education may have become obsolete through economic, social, and scientific changes; persons desiring to know more of the problems of commerce and industry, as well as those pertaining to the education of workers; also those interested in gaining knowledge of public safety, sanitation, health, nutrition, recreation, housing, government, town planning, school facilities, and social welfare services." The bill provides that instruction in these and similar subjects shall be by means of formal and informal techniques and at such levels as shall be most effective for the adults served.
This bill would authorize for the development of the college and university extension program in the several states the following sums: $8,000,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1945; $12,000,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1946; $16,000,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1947; and $20,000,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1948, and annually thereafter; to be allotted to each state in the proportion which its total population bears to the total population of all the states; and to be administered by the United States commissioner of education.
Senate Bill 1670 also stipulates that no funds shall be advanced to any college or university until plans for the program of work shall
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have been submitted to the United States commissioner of education and approved by him; provided, that no plan shall be approved that does not contemplate that 25 percent o4' the grant made to any college or university shall be matched by any or all of the following ways: state appropriations, college or university appropriations, or fees or grants paid by individuals or groups benefitting from this program.
Georgia's share in the above appropriation for the year ending June 30, 1945, would be $192,000; for the fourth year, $480,000.
The funds to be appropriated for this extension program would be paid directly by the secretary of the treasury, upon the warrant of the United States commissioner of education to such universities and colleges as are entitled to participate in this program and the chief executive of each state would certify to the United States commissioner of education the universities and colleges in his state qualified to receive the funds in keeping with the provisions of the act.
In any state where there are more than one institution which are qualified to receive funds under the act, such funds would be allocated to such institutions accordingly as the state legislature may direct, provided, that in the absence of action by the legislature, the institutions qualified to receive funds would share equitably.
As set forth in the bill, "The provisions of this Act shall be so construed and administered as to maintain local and state initiative, control and responsibility in the formulation and execution of this college and university adult education extension program. Local and institutional control and authority in the conduct of this program shall be explicitly reserved to the states and their educational institutions, particularly in respect to selection of teacher personnel, control of educational methods, techniques, processes, and determination of course content, prerequisites for participation by individuals and groups, and standards of instruction given."
The bill, if passed by Congress, would be known as "The College and University General Extension Act," and "state university" as used in this bill means ( 1) all colleges and universities in the state which are founded wholly or in part upon those grants of land made by Congress to the states upon their admission into the Union, which grants are commonly known as seminary or university grants; or (2) any college, university, or other institution of higher education in a state which is now or may hereafter be designated and recognized by the state as a state university; and "college and university adult education extension" means educational activities car-
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ried on primarily for state or local groups and individuals, in the subject matter fields repre_sented by_the particular institutions designated. "Such extension education shall consist essentially of instruction adapted to the needs of persons of any age above the age of compulsory school attendance in the respective states; and shall include either full-time or part-time instruction carried on by both formal and informal methods, or techniques, and irrespective of whether college credit may be given."
It is hoped that the provisions of this bill will meet with the approval of the Regents of the University System of Georgia, and that our full cooperation in its passage may be given.
If United States Senate Bill 1670, providing college and university general extension education, should pass, carrying an appropriation graduated from $192,000 now to $480,000 annually, four years hence, for this Division of General Extension alone, on the basis of 25 percent to be matched from the state and local sources, practically the entire tentative schedule and estimated cost of carrying on the work of the division would be markedly affected; the entire program of activities of the division could be greatly expanded, and for the first time the division would be in position to offer adequate provision for the people of the state at reasonable cost.
Respectfully submitted,
J. C. WARDLAW, Director.
NORTH GEORGIA COLLEGE
Dear Chancellor Sanford:
I submit a brief report covering the year July I. 1943-June 30, 1944. I am not including many of the usual statistics, practically all of which are on file in the regents' office. Only the more significant phases of the program are touched upon.
NORTH GEORGIA AMONG THE JUNIOR COLLEGES
The degree to which civilian student enrollment has stood up during this trying year has been most gratifying, and it must be viewed as a tribute to the efficiency of the North Georgia College faculty. The college operated greatly beyond capacity, and civilian enrollment was actually discouraged. So far as we can discover,
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North Georgia College was the only junior college in America selected by the War Department for the training of soldiers in basic engineering under the AST.Progra:m':" During the 1943 summer quarter there were enrolled 290 civilian students and 306 Army Specialized trainees, giving a total summer enrollment of 596.
During the regular nine months' session the civilian enrollment was 394. The ASTP enrollment was 306, bringing the cumulative regular session enrollment to 700.
On June 8, 136 ASTP reservists were admitted, but these are not included in the statistics for this year.
Comparisons are usually not in order, but only through a com~ parative study of enrollment statistics can the regents understand and appreciate the work and relative responsibility of North Georgia College among the junior colleges of the system. Statistics released from the regents' office reveal that for the year '41~'42 the cumu~ lative civilian enrollment at North Georgia College was 32 percent of the total cumulative enrollment of all six of the system's junior col~ leges. For eight successive quarters ending with the present summer quarter, the North Georgia College civilian attendance percentages are respectively, 41 percent, 41 percent, 38 percent, 50 percent, 40 percent, 39 percent, 37 percent, 49 percent. The average civilian en~ rollment for the past twelve quarters at North Georgia College has been 38.6 percent of the total civilian enrollment of all of the six junior colleges.
In 1942 the graduates from all the junior colleges were 529. North Georgia College furnished 173 of these, or 33 percent.
In the fall of 1942, 352 graduates and non-graduates trans~ ferred from the junior colleges to senior units of the system. 121 or 34 percent were from North Georgia College.
QUALITY OF INSTRUCTION
During this war period with an uncertain faculty status because of the operation of selective service, a distinctly high type of instruction has been maintained. Entire credit for this is given to the faculty which bas viewed its work with cadets, trainees and co-eds as a con~ tribution to the war effort. It is impossible to submit statistical evi~ dence of the highly satisfactory class room performance of the civilian students, but in the case of the Army Specialized trainees there is tangible evidence. In the same cycle with North Georgia College
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were such nationally known institutions as Harvard, Penn State, University of Wisconsin, University of Washington, Oklahoma A ~ M, Pomona College and others. Yet in the November 1943 nation-wide objective testing program administered in 42 colleges, the following report from the War Department is typical:
In Chemistry, 77 percent of units have a lower standing.
In English, 84 percent of units have a lower standing.
In Geography, 63 percent of units have a lower standing.
In Mathematics, 79 percent of units have a lower standing.
In Physics, 89 percent of units have a lower standing.
During the nine months' period, four first places were earned. In one term, while the expected achievement on the basis of the Army general classifications test was 30th place, the actual achievement was 18th place. In two other terms the predicted achievement rank was lOth and 33rd, whereas the actual achievement was 8th and 9th places respectively. The work of the college for the War Department in basic engineering was highly commended by the Army Specialized Training Division and it is believed that its success with the ASTP largely accounts for the detail of 17-year-old reservists now at the college. During the first few days of orientation the ASTP boys, coming from 40 different states with very few from the South, surmised that the instruction would be poor. This attitude was due to the fact that the boys came from states which more adequately support their state institutions. By the end of the first week of instruction several trainees personally commented to the President in words to this effect-we are getting the surprise of our lives-! have been in college elsewhere but these teachers can put it across as I have not before seen, etc.
NEW COURSES OFFERED
The North Georgia College faculty has felt that many courses announced in many college catalogues should either be radically revised or eliminated. The faculty believes that the present compelling needs of its young people should be well served, recognizing that thus they may be prepared for larger service to the nation. The college has, therefore, not been hesitant to eliminate some courses, revise others and to introduce new ones. The new courses are all definitely on a college basis and it is believed that many of them should be continued after the war. Letters are constantly being received from boys
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and girls in the service which testify to the real worth of these new courses and the value they are proving to be. I refer especially to such courses as assistant technicians course;"" land surveying, principles of aviation, radio physics, mechanical drawing, internal combustion engines, and photography. Through preparation afforded by these courses, young men and young women alike have been shunted into special fields of military service, and Atlanta business firms have written and phoned for those who had completed our junior college work in laboratory technicians. We feel that much of this work and also similar courses not yet announced have a definite place in our future junior college program and that they are as "cultural" as many of the more revered, traditional courses usually referred to as "academic."
FACULTY PUBLICATIONS
Special reference should be made to one publication by a faculty member. In partial fulfillment of the requirement for the Ph.D. degree our Mr. Bertram Holland Flanders published through the University of Georgia Press a most interesting volume-"Early Georgia Magazines: Literary Periodicals to 1865." This volume does not follow the usual line of a doctor's dissertation, and we believe it merits a place in every university system library.
IMPROVEMENT OF LABORATORIES
Because of limited physical facilities the college has been embarrassed and handicapped. In normal times the laboratories were distressingly small and inadequate, but with the year's enrollment much beyond capacity and with greater emphasis upon physics, chemistry, radio, engineering and biology, the laboratory set up has been all but impossible. At the expense of other departments, two class rooms were appropriated for additional laboratory space. This did not fully solve the laboratory situation, but on the other hand, it worked a disadvantage to non-science departments. Furthermore, the inadequacy of the lighting in two of the laboratories was severely criticized by the visiting deans sent out as academic inspectors by ASTD. It was necessary immediately to install fluorescent lights in both the biology and the physics laboratories. A comparable situation existed in the engineering drafting room and here also a new lighting system was installed. This installation was so adequately done that the visiting deans later referred to the drafting room as one of the best lighted rooms they had found in the entire Service Command. In addition to this development, the drafting room has
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been equipped with filing cabinets for the finished plates and approved printing and de!eloping I_!!achines. These changes should increase the efficiency of the science departments even though all laboratories from the standpoint of size and general equipment are yet far from satisfactory.
MILITARY SERVICE
The college has not had sufficient staff for the keeping of complete records of students and former students who have entered the service. The approximate number is 50 women and 2000 men. The registrar's office has 1850 official records of students in service and thus the estimate of 2050 as being the total in actual service would appear conservative. The records reveal that 50 men have died in service and that 50 others have been reported wounded or held as prisoners. To our knowledge, 27 have been decorated for outstanding service.
In all theatres of war the North Georgia College men and women are rendering heroic service and the promotions that are being received justify the belief that the academic and military instruction has made its definite contribution.
Of particular interest to the campus and friends of the college is the fact that Lt. Gen. Courtney H. Hodges, commanding the First Army in France, is a former student of North Georgia College.
POST-WAR EDUCATION
It is believed that the demand upon North Georgia College during the post-war period will be heavy. The way civilian enrollment has stood up during the emergency foretells the large number of high school graduates who will enter when the period of selective service ends. Furthermore, letters are regularly received from boys in all parts of the world and which indicate that their first desire after the return of peace is to return to North Georgia College and finish the requirements for a junior college diploma. To meet this demand calls for increased facilities and a continuation of the modernizing revision of the college offerings. In this revision of courses it is believed we have made distinct progress, but unless additional facilities are placed at Dahlonega we hardly dare make announcements of special interest to our returning boys. This fact is regrettable, and so it is hoped the Board of Regents and the governor will take appropriate action.
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It is the intention of the college to award the junior college diploma or an appropriate certificate to the veterans who return and satisfactorily complete a schedule of studies.
ADDITIONS TO THE PLANT
During the year a farm of 340 acres and about 4 miles from the present campus was purchased for approximately $6000. This includes three tenant houses and four stables all of which are, however, in poor condition. It is hoped that gradually the farm and its truck gardens may be developed so as to provide vegetables and meat used in the mess hall. During the present summer the continued drought all but ruined the gardening program. but to correct this we have just completed the installation of portable irrigation equipment at a cost of approximately $1 000. Other new equipment includes an International farm tractor with plough, planter, mower and cultivating equipment. Not only should this college farm provide for mess hall needs, but in time should serve as a demonstration farm for the county and section.
T p provide for an increased herd a temporary cow barn was erected on the old campus farm. A more important development, however, was the erection of a small but modern milk house. This contains refrigeration room and a complete 100 gallon pasteurizing and bottling unit. The installation also includes shower and full wash room equipment for the dairy employees.
The condition of the entire college plant has been much improved. Roofs have been repaired. additional dormitory showers and toilets installed and buildings and class rooms in general have been painted.
BUILDING AND EQUIPMENT NEEDS
For the past six years North Georgia College in class rooms, laboratories and dormitories has been desperately crowded. The gymnasium is so small and inadequate that it does not compare with those frequently found in rural high schools. The pressing physical needs of the college cannot be overstated. Additional facilities are urgently needed that the college may render the service demanded of it. A year and a half ago Moore Hall burned, reducing the capacity of the college by 80 students. This building has not been replaced. The North Georgia College enrollment is definitely limited by the amount of available class room, laboratory, dormitory and dining
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hall accommodations. The patronage of the college is not local. In normal times it draws s~udents fr2,m practically every county in the state. Whether the enrollment is 500, 650, 1,000 or 1,200 depends entirely upon the facilities furnished by the state and the Board of Regents.
The minimum building needs of the college for the present, as for the immediate future, are outlined below. These are arranged in the order of urgency and importance to the college except that items 1 and 2, gymnasium-drill hall and class room-laboratory building, are equally pressing. To ask first for additional dormitory space would only emphasize our problems unless we abandon the policy of placing students all over the village in private homes. Abandonment of this policy is recommended since many of the private accommodations are poor and because the parents wish their sons to have the experience of military control of barracks life through the cadet system. They feel that without this experience much of the value of military training is lost. If students are not to be placed in homes, then items 1, 2, 3 and 4 all become of first importance.
1. A gymnasium-drill hall is of first importance if the college is to maintain the efficiency of its military unit and strengthen the health and vigor of its students. North Georgia College is rated by the War Department as one of only eight "essentially military" colleges in America. Such recognition demands adequate equipment. This proposed gymnasium-drill hall will cost approximately $100,000.
2. To relieve the desperately crowded class room and laboratory situation a new recitation and laboratory building is essential. This will cost $85,000 to $90,000.
3. One dormitory for young women, accommodating 150, minimum estimated cost $85,000 to $100,000. The present dormitory will accommodate only 97 young women, placing 3 and 4 students to a room.
4. Two dormitories for cadets, each costing $85,000 to $100,000.
5. An extension to the present dining hall-auditorium, costing $20,000 to $30,000.
6. For special work in pre-flight aviation, radio, combustion engines, wood and metal work, a special shop or separate laboratory is required. Estimated minimum cost is $10,000 to $15,000.
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7. A horne economics house should be erected. The minimum estimated cost is $10,000 to_$15,000._
8. A modern dairy barn on the demonstration farm with three tenant houses. Minimum estimated cost is $10,000 to $15,000.
9. In view of the present great emphasis upon physics, radio, chemistry and biology, $10,000 are needed to more adequately meet the needs for new apparatus and equipment. Additional necessary hospital or infirmary equipment will cost approximately $1,000.
The enrollment increase of North Georgia College has been rapid. Many of the Georgia boys and girls never go beyond the junior college and it is, therefore, imperative that these receive best possible training. Casual investigation shows that states appropriating the most money for higher education are also the states which are making greatest agricultural and industrial development. They are also the states whose citizens have largest family incomes. Is there not, therefore, a connection between the present inadequate support of Georgia higher education and prevailing low Georgia family incomes? From this situation there is only one way out-an increased earning power for the Georgia people through a better, more practical and a more universal training and education for the young men and young women of the state.
FINANCIAL SUPPORT
To provide for the year '45-'46 and following years, the annual state allotment to North Georgia College must be increased. Costs of all maintenance and repair materials, janitorial service and campus and farm labor have advanced rapidly in spite of rigid economy. Many repairs that should have been made during the past year were not attempted. Purchase of equipment, laboratory apparatus and library books was curtailed throughout last year, but during the spring quarter entirely eliminated because of uncertainty of adequate support for the year '44-'4 5.
With emphasis upon mathematics, physics, radio, engineering, chemistry, pre-medical work and similar lines, and with increasing student enrollments in the near future, it is imperative that much science equipment be purchased. The cost of instruction in these departments is much above the average cost of instruction in other departments. Salaries in all departments must be increased if the present efficient instructional staff is to be held. Recently North
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Georgia College tried to interest a high school instructor in its college program, but low colleg.e salaries d.id not entice this man away from the Georgia high school teaching profession. While rigid economy is always in order, drastic retrenchment over an extended period is questionable policy. With these facts in mind a larger allotment from the Board of Regents and the state is urged.
The proposed budget for 1944-45 has an actual deficit of $13.400 and a possible further deficit of $6,550, or a total of $19,950. If the faculty is to be held intact and present teaching standards maintained, additional funds are needed for salary adjustments. During '45-'46 and thereafter, at least 4 additional instructors and officers will be needed, costing a minimum of $10,000. The increased cost of necessary maintenance and of repairs which have been postponed from quarter to quarter is estimated at $5,000. Unless funds for these necessary operations can be provided, the State can expect only impaired efficiency and a lower quality of service to the young people of Georgia and their parents.
Respectfully submitted,
J. C. ROGERS, President
WEST GEORGIA COLLEGE
Dear Chancellor Sanford:
It is a pleasure to submit to you my report of this unit of the University System of Georgia. This has been a critical year but there have been compensating satisfactions.
As you know the purposes of this institution are well defined. These aims can be stated again as follows:
First, a general education for young men and young women of this area on a Junior College level.
Second, the education of rural teachers based on three years of college work.
Third, to make some contribution other than the above to the war effort.
My report will be concerned largely with the two latter purposes.
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THE EDUCATION OF RURAL TEACHERS
The kind of education necessaqt for good teachers in rural schools cannot be provided entirely on the college campus. Teachersto-be need a great deal of practical experience working with children, parents and trustees in real school situations. With this in mind we have engaged in the following procedures to provide the needed experiences for students:
1. Establishment of cooperative relationships between schools, college, and community, through work on community problems.
2. Securing of parent understanding and support of an educational program geared to the concerns of home, school and community as met by children.
3. Development of means of making maximum use of community problems in the education of children.
4. Discovery of methods of breaking down resistance to change on the part of parents and children.
5. Development of materials and means of adult education through which persons in the community could be helped to use more efficient methods of work.
6. Discovery of means of helping children and youth see the possibilities for satisfying living within the boundaries of their own communities.
7. Securing continuity between the elementary school and the high school.
As part of the education of teachers, opportumttes are provided for students to work in rural schools where the following beliefs are put into practice.
1. That the kind of education a child gets depends very largely on his economic environment; therefore that education should be broad enough to include the economic problems of the whole family and community.
2. That schools should be community-wide in their influence.
3. That programs of education should be based upon the needs and resources of the people.
4. That pupils and parents should help plan the program.
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5. That the academic subjects should be made meaningful by relating them to everydar- life.
6. That effective education should be manifested in a higher quality of behavior habits, attitude, appreciation, and skills.
7. That teacher-pupil relations, parent-teacher relations, and school-community relations should be underwritten with spiritual qualities of democracy.
8. That there is room in a community for young people who are trained in useful group living and that young people should be offered the kind of education which equips them to live happy and useful lives in their own rural communities.
9. That a school program can be tied up with the major areas of living and can raise the standard of community living.
10. That a school program concerned with the total growth of a child will provide for daily democratic living and provide experiences from which growth is pleasant and sure.
Each member of the teacher-education staff works with the community schools regularly. This gives them the opportunity to keep in close touch with the problems teachers face and helps to prevent theorizing on the part of teachers.
WEST GEORGIA COLLEGE AND WAR PRODUCTION
The purposes of the college in operating the former N.Y.A. facilities which are on lease from the United States Treasury Department are threefold; first, to carry on a War Production Training Program; second, to keep the property in use so as to justify our continued custody until such time as the college may obtain permanent possession of same; third, to negotiate and carry out production contracts as a further contribution to the war effort.
From August 1943 through February 1944, the State Department of Vocational Education contributed partially to the operation of War Production Training Program. Since April 1944, they have not contributed in any way and the college has contributed one hundred percent to this operation.
During the past year 35 males and 8 females, totaling 43, have been trained in the machine shop; 15 3 males have been trained in the wood shop; 45 males and 4 females, totaling 49 have been trained in
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the welding shop; 18 males and 15 females, totaling 33, have been trained in the air craft sheet metal shop; 37 females have been trained in the power sewing shop. At the present time we have 19 males, 5 females enrolled in the machine shop, 61 males enrolled in the wood shop, 2 males in the air craft sheet metal shop. Summarizing, we have trained a total of 190 males and 64 females. or a grand total of 254 trained in all.
Our vocational staff consists of one coordinator of vocational training. one welding instructor, one machine shop instructor, one air craft sheet metal instructor, one wood shop instructor, and one secretary. In charge of our production program we have one engineer.
At the present time, we have contracts for production of bomb boxes with the Southern States Iron Roofing Company, Savannah, Georgia. Our contract for the production of bomb boxes continues through December, this year. Also we have a contract with the Birmingham Ordnance District, Birmingham, Alabama for the manufacture of rocket containers. We will begin production on this item in August and will continue through October. We are anticipating getting an additional order for the rocket containers to run through December, this year.
Any profits made on our production contracts are used in the operation of the vocational programs as there is no other income at the present time for their operation.
THE PUBLICATION COMMITTEE
In the two years of its existence the Publication Committee of West Georgia College has produced five books and two special bulletins which have received generous words of praise from educators in many sections of the United States, as evidenced in book reviews in educational periodicals and in personal letters to the committee. Over two thousand copies of the "Let's Do It Now" series have been sold in forty states. and in Canada, England, and South America. The Chinese government has asked permission to reprint two books from the series, which has been made possible through the cooperation of the Julius Rosenwald Fund.
The purpose of the books already published is to put into simple, attractive form the essentials necessary to a thorough understanding of the subjects considered so that children who read them will want to carry through with the ideas suggested, and so that
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teachers, children and members of the community may gain suggestions for projects which.can be co:,operatively undertaken.
In selecting the problems to be considered, literally hundreds of people, from. school children to state officials, were consulted. In private talks and round-table discussions, teachers, principals, college students, and local citizens studied the needs of schools in the rural areas of Carroll county. Teachers in training at the colleges made socio-economic surveys of communities and wrote brief histories of various schools in the county. Resource surveys of specialists were studied.
The titles of the "Let's Do It Now" series, written by Eva Knox Evans and illustrated by Mary Giles, are: Let's Plant Grass, Let's Raise a Pig, The Doctor is Coming, and A Primer on Food. Let's Cook Lunch is to be released on July 1; Out Under the Sky, a book dealing with science questions of elementary children, is expected to be ready for fall delivery.
Furniture You Can Build, the first of a series by William V. Vitarelli, has been distributed in a tentative edition to one hundred schools and colleges throughout the South. The thirteen other books in preparation in this series on industrial and fine arts for rural schools, include such titles as: Playground Equipment You Can Build, Classroom Beautification, etc.
It is possible that one of the leading book companies of the country may decide to publish either one or both of the series described above.
Since the, publication committee has already achieved a measure of success and since the Regents of the University System of Georgia have adopted the policy of supporting successful educational experiments, it is recommended that an item for publication be included in the college budget, looking forward to the time when a larger share of the expenditures for this purpose will be assumed by the State of Georgia.
HONORS, RECOGNITION AND AWARDS
Guggenheim Fellowship 1944-45 ____________________________________$2,000.00
To Miss Marie Campbell
Writings:
H. H. Giles-It Can Happen, page 206
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Educational Leadership, January 1944 (a publication by the Department of Supervision and Curriculum Development N~A) H. H. Giles Grace Tietje-Schoo! Experiences That Contribute To Healthful Living, page 18, Bulletin of the Association for Childhood Education - Healthful Living for Children.
Katie Downs-President Georgia Supervisors.
The annual conference of the Georgia Department of Supervision and Curriculum Development was held in Sanford Library on the campus of West Georgia College on January 28 and 29 with sixty members of the organization and sixty or more guests made up of teachers and school administrators.
One session of the conference was devoted to a panel discussion of cooperative planning and work in Carroll County with H. H. Giles acting as chairman and Lamar Barfoot, Grace Tietje, Jane Clonts, Edith Caudill, and Ed Yeomans participating.
Dr. Harold Alberty, Ohio State University, Dr. Charles Prall, coordinator of the Commission on teacher education for the American Council of Education, Dr. 0. C. Aderhold, State Director of Victory School Programs, and Mr. John Cook, coordinator of teacher training in Georgia, took part on the program.
Miss Katie Downs of West Georgia College faculty presided at the meetings and was reelected president of the organization.
THE MINISTER'S CONFERENCE
In February of this year a conference was held by the college for the ministers of the county. Serving on the planning committee for the conference was representatives of agencies in the county working for the improvement of living for all the people. Leaders for the conference were Dr. Paul Doran, a rural minister of White County, Tennessee; Mr. Bishop, of Sears Farmers Market; Dr. T. F. Abercrombie, director of the State Health Department; and a panel led by the county agricultural agent composed of representatives of all the governmental agencies working with farmers.
The purpose of the conference was to let the ministers know of the work of other agencies and to get the cooperation of the church in the total effort for improving life in the county.
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GIFTS

Rosenwald ____________:___________~___':_______________________$20, 000. 00 Whiteside Foundation____________________________________ 1,000.00

Southern Conference (Rosenwald)-----------------A.W.P.A. Art Collection

700.93

INDIVIDUAL GIFTS
Report of the gifts of Rosenwald Fund for Faculty Development of Personnel during the association of the Fund with the College:

DEVELOPMENT OF PERSONNEL

Name

Length of Study Institution

Amount

1937-38 Gordon Watson_ _ Three Quarters__Univ. of North Carolina_________$1,000.00

1938-39 Katie Downs______Three Quarters_olumbia University___________ 1,000.00

1939-40 J. C. Bonner______________Eight Months___Univ. of North Carolina______ 1,000.00

Nettie Brogdon______One Year________Univ. of North Carolina_ _ 1,200.00 Helen Burch_______six Months_______Univ. of North Carolina____ 600.00

Fred Gunn____________

Travel ---------------- 1,000.00

1940-41

Marie CampbelL_Summer_______Travel ------------------ 300.00

Kennon Henderson__Summer

Ohio State University__________ 300.00

Danetta M. Sanders__Three Quarters__Columbia University_________ 1,000.00

Ann Weaver

One Mont}L___University of Chicago______ 200.00

1941-42

w W. R. Alexander_ _Four Quarters__George Peabody College____ 1,200.00
Lamar Barfoot_ _One Year_______ est Georgia College_________ 1,675.00

MFMroaarrnyrciseBsMuPrctrKoense_leeh_ra__n__________sN8uiixmneMmMoenort_n_h_t_sh___s_______ __E.wwmeeossttryGGUeeoonrriggvieiaarsitCCyoo_ll_ll_eeg_ge_e________________

200.00 1,525.00 2,300.00

L. E. Roberts

One Year__________Duke University------------- 1,000.00

Rhea Taylor_________summer______University of Chicago_______ 150.00

Herben Turner____One Quarter_______Ohio State University___________ 250.00

1942-43

Doris Buffington__Three Quarters___New York University___

Edith Caudill

Two Quarters____West Georgia College___________

Porter Claxton____Qne Quarter___.Qhio State University_________

Eddis Holden____Three Quarters___Qhio State University________

Mary Pennington__One Quarter_______Ohio State University____

980.00 200.00 512.39 980.00
512.50

Wilda Seagraves__Three Quarters____Ohio State University______ 1,015.00

George K. Smith__Three Months_______Travel -------------------- 196.67 William VitarellL__8ummer______West Georgia College______ 200.00 Mary White______Three Quarters___Ohio State University_________ 1,015.00

1943-44 Hazel Phillips_________Nine Months____West Georgia College______ 733.50 Frances Reaves_______.__Nine Months__________West Georgia College__________ 733.50

Merrill Traylor______Three Quarters_____Ohio State University_______ 980.00

William VitarellL____One MontlL______Travel ----------------------------- 146.50 Sarah Ward____________summer_________________To visit other centers_______ 500.00

Nine Teachers____Summer_________________Campbell Folk SchooL_____ 250.00

Jane Woodruff_______8ummer_______________Black Mountain College_________ 400.00

Community Education Conference_____l;pring______________West Georgia College________ 802.12

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Name

Length of Study Institution

Amount

1944-45 Edith CaudiiL______One Year____________New York University_______ 1,600.00

Katie Downs_____________Three Months_______Travel -------------- * 350.00 Dorothy Jones________Three Quarters_Ohio State University__________ 880.00 Doris Jones__________.Three Quarters_____Ohio State University________ 880.00
Louise Land______________Three Quarters_Ohio State University________ 880.00

Total Grants-------------$30,647.18

*Estimate

THE FUTURE
The 1940-41 report showed that West Georgia College had an average attendance of bona-fide students numbering three hundred fifty. The annual salary schedule ranged from $1,5 00.00 to $2,700.00. As a result of these low salaries we have lost several competent people. In my judgment the range of salaries at this unit should be from $2,000.00 to $3,000.00. If the salaries can be set at these figures we can secure competent people for replacements.
The present plan of the institution has been to bring in no new personnel. The institution has been fortunate in that the ratio of faculty members to leave the institution has been in keeping with the decreased ratio in student enrollment.
Fees should be reduced in my judgment to meet the needs of youth in the post-war period. It will be necessary to increase the state appropriation $14,000.00. This is based on 350 students, who would pay only $40.00 in fees rather than the normal $80.00 annual fees at this time. This estimate does not include summer school.
The college has not spent very much money on the physical plant during the past two years. Estimates for the years 1945-46, and 1946-47, indicate this institution will need $9,000.00 a year for the years mentioned. There are some new roofs to be placed on some of the buildings and there are some necessary internal improvements which must be made.
Consequently, in summarizing the overall operating cost in our measured judgment it will take $23,000.00 a year increase. This figure takes into account an addition of five faculty members at $2,000.00 per year. The figure assumes the base annual allotment of $48,000.00 as is now the annual appropriation to this division. This figure also takes into account that the annual fees will be $80.00 instead of $40.00.

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RECOMMENDATIONS
POLICIES:
1. In view of the effective and far-reaching work of the college in the training of rural elementary teachers, we are expressing a hope that the institution will continue as a teacher education unit of the university system. To that end we recommend that the chancellor make any changes in the financial and academic program to meet the requirements of the standards for elementary teachers for the State of Georgia.
2. In view of the equipment for vocational training at this unit, we recommend that the chancellor use this institution for the practical training of teachers of shop, shop foremen and for the training in specialized skills of veterans on the college level.
FINANCIAL:
3. That the annual appropriation of West Georgia College be placed at $60,000.00 (assuming that fees remain at the present figure).
4. Building needs: a. A science building, $80,000.00 b. An annex to the boys' dormitory, $25,000.00 c. A central heating plant, $15,000.00 d. Small clinic, $15,000.00 e. Repairs for two years, $18,000.00.
VISITORS
West Georgia College has had over the past year 297 visitors from the following nations and states:
Great Britain-Dr. Davies____________________Mississippi U ruguay_______________________________________________Pennsy1vania Alabama_______________________Virginia Kentucky________________________________Texas North Caro1ina_____________________..Louisiana South Carolina_________________________New York T ennessee_________________________________Minnesota Illinois____________________________________Ohio
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CONCLUSION
Our staff conveys to you our app'l'eciation for your cooperation and leadership. We are most grateful to the Board of Regents for its confidence in you. It seems the measurable progress made here is a testimony to your wise counsel and guidance-a growth which could not have been made other than through an understanding board.
Respectfully submitted,
I. S. INGRAM, President
MIDDLE GEORGIA COLLEGE
Dear Chancellor Sanford:
I respectfully submit the following report for the year 1943~ 1944. We are endeavoring to confine it to the year rather than compare it with other years.
COLLEGE TRAINING IN THE WAR YEARS
Three hundred and twenty Army Air Corps trainees and fifteen officers and enlisted men were in residence on the campus during the entire year. They will leave about July 1st. These war students have taken all the room on the campus except one small girls dormitory; therefore, all civilian boys and girls except a few had to use quarters m town.
The housing conditions, because of soldiers' wives, have made it most difficult for faculty members and visitors, therefore, much dissatisfaction and dissension have been created. Twenty small gov~ ernment houses were built during the year but the price was so exorbitant that the situation was not greatly relieved. Perhaps nothing has ever injured the general environment so much as the housing situation. It is difficult for civilians far removed from the battlefields to understand that after all this is war.
The civilian students seemed to grasp the situation better than either the faculy, the citizens of the town, or the army personnel. They went about their work and accomplished most excellent results. No student knew what day he might be called to the armed services or what time he or she might make a decision to enter that which seemed to be imperative war work. The army and civilian students cooperated and maintained most friendly relations throughout all of
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this accelerated program, while faculty members, especially those with families, worked strenugusly but-always felt that economic strain caused by fear of the closing of the school for army purposes.
PHYSICAL PLANT
There can be no question but that the present physical plant will, as soon as we close the army school on July 1st, be the best that the college has ever had. During the army occupation Peacock Dormitory, the oldest dormitory, was burned leaving nothing but the walls standing. This was a shabbily built structure, frame with walls papered. In its stead now we have a fireproof building which will definitely prevent any danger to several buildings that might have been burned when this one was burned.
The definitely outstanding additions to the physical plant are:
( 1) The erection of three large step-in refrigerator rooms for the dining room. Different temperatures may be maintained in each of these rooms. The cost of these refrigerator rooms was about $3,000.00.
(2) The hot water system was so limited that it was impossible to get a sufficient amount of hot water for the kitchen and dining room or for bathing purposes in the dormitories. A number of electrical and coal heated hot water appliances were being used over the campus at an exorbitant expense. A new system was put in at a cost of $2,000. At present there will be a copious supply for any type of equipment and a sufficient supply for all dormitories for bathing purposes regardless of the number of buildings. This hot water is secured at a steam pressure of only 1 to 3 degrees from the central heating plant.
(3) The basketball court and gymnasium was heated by a stove which was a fire hazard and entirely inadequate. A new heating system has been built at a cost of $4,500. The most modern equipment was installed and the temperature of the rooms and of the water is entirely satisfactory.
(4) On the dormitories used by the army larger and more numerous fire escapes were built and exit lights, with proper markings, were installed in all these buildings at a cost of more than $1,000.00.
(5) For years the college has had its water supply and tank which have not been connected with the city water supply. We have put in this connection in cooperation with the city and now the city
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might make use of our water supply and the college can make use of the city supply when in need. An excellent force pump has been installed which will be a valuable addition in case of fire. This cost approximately $2,000.00.
(6) The ice water supply in the dining room has been changed and a new refrigeration set up furnishing ice water has been installed at a cost of $550.00.
(7) The drainage from the dining room and kitchen, which heretofore has been causing some trouble and using much labor to keep in a sanitary condition, has been improved by the extension of pipes and the addition of manholes, thus improving health condi~ tions and giving an opportunity to beautify what formerly were ditches and rough places. The cost of this was about $500.00.
(8) Finally, and perhaps the most laudable enlargement made on the campus was the building, convenient to the dining room and kitchen, of an addition which houses the Negro rest rooms, including showers, toilets, lavatories, etc. This building was erected at a cost of $2,500 and means more in sanitation and health, not only to the Negroes themselves, but to those who use the dining room and kitchen. There was no proper place for the small group we here~ tofore had employed on the campus, but when we had to employ between 40 and 50 Negroes on two shifts under our eight hour con~ tract it became a vital and immediate problem which had to be solved.
(9) All buildings will have been completely painted-floors, ceiling, and walls-when the army leaves.
It is a pleasure to say that during all the improvements, those in authority always gave their consent gladly and gave us perfect cooperation.
A new much needed infirmary would have been completed but for labor and purchasing conditions. This will be built as soon as good reason makes it advisable since the money is in sight.
ENROLLMENT
Regular college students numbered only 74, Army Air Corps students totaled 896, making a grand total of 970 students. Summer school enrollment for the Army Air Corps was 512 students. The total summer school and winter term enrollment for civilian stu~ dents and army students was 1,480 students. Attention has already been called to the fact that crowded conditions in regular term and summer school gave us no more room for students.
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GRADUATES-JUNIOR COLLEGE DIPLOMA
Twenty-one junior college diptomas were delivered on June 5th. They were distributed as follows: Science, 5; Commerce, 10; and Liberal Arts, 6. There were three men and eighteen women in the graduating class.

FACULTY

Due to the fact that our faculty members taught constantly for 16 months in the army training program no advanced degrees have been received. The instruction, by the members of the faculty in the majority of cases has been far above the average. The interest of the students tend, of course, to improve learning and to stimulate the teacher. In some cases the interest of the students have shown the weakness of teaching. Instructors who made good in their work did an excellent job.

In the April army elimination tests given to 9,254 students who had been registered in the outstanding colleges and universities of the country Middle Georgia College made the following record:

Median Mathematics ---------------------------- 71. 9 Physics ------------------------------------ 53.7 Geography ----------------------------- 70. 0 History -------------------------""'---------- 66. 6 English ------------------------------------ 82. 5

Middle Georgia 75.5 60.4 68.9 71.8 83.0

In only one course, geography, did Middle Georgia College fall below the median. In all other courses Middle Georgia College was above the median.

Faculty members have spoken before various organizations in town and out of town. Especially is this so of the following faculty members: J. T. Morris, registrar; J. T. Ecker, professor of social science; and L. H. Browning, president.

The faculty members cooperated with the army in putting on two field days for the surrounding high schools and elementary schools. Much interest in physical fitness was shown by the visitors.

LIBRARY
In 1943 the circulation of reserve books was 9,947 and for non-reserve books 9,705 making a total of 15,552 books in circu-

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lation, and averaging 8.2 books in circulation per student in attendance. With a niuch smaller sp.1dent bo<jy in 1944 the average number of books in circulation per student was 12.3, or an increase of 4.1 books per student.
The library has enlarged its list of magazines and has increased the number of books from 7,961 volumes to 8,380.
PHYSICS EQUIPMENT Due to the demands of the army for the teaching of physics, mathematics, and geography, we have secured a large amount of equipment. In the physics department alone $4,400 was spent, making an inventory of $9,000 in that department. The geography department has been created by the purchase of equipment and addition of instructors during the year and its value to the college has been thoroughly demonstrated.
ATTENDANCE
Since 1928, the year the college was chartered, 3,100 boys have attended. Of this number a close estimate shows that about 20 percent were not accepted for our armed services, or have not been called. Of those who are in service about 20 percent are officers and about 60 percent are in the ranks. One reason for the large percentage of officers is that we have been having aviation for the last few years.
FINANCES
The college was in good condition financially when the army program was started. During the past year the condition of the college, as far as cash funds is concerned, has remained about the same because of the new assets of every type being added. After the army leaves necessary adjustments will have to be made on or before July 30. Since the fiscal year will not close until June 30th, the books are not in shape now to give exact figures, but we feel that after the purchase of this large number of assets the college will be in excellent condition.
Since the army so suddenly decided to leave because of the lack of need for pilots, our contracts had been signed and it seems that it is necessary to pay salaries which will reduce our surplus.
THE FUTURE
Middle Georgia College steadily maintains its enrollment, its financial prosperity, its reputation for good scholarship and campus
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behavior. We have now, partly at least, paid our debt to our nation and are doing our bit in these trying times of war. This has changed
the civilian conditions on the campus. All we ask for is a reasonable
time to restore normal conditions, but maintain accelerated programs and improved technical equipment.
While we desire normal civilian students we realize that perhaps we shall have an opportunity to aid ex-service men to relieve themselves from the shock of the unnatural and terrible conditions through which they have gone for the past few years. We shall make every endeavor to direct the future of our college life so that they will feel that they are at home and that they have come back to the American way of life.
According to an editorial in the New York Times of June 11, a survey conducted among 1,000 ex-service men in 18 colleges and universities reveals some i,.nteresting points. These are that the returning ex-service men do not want to be segregated. They do not want special schools established for them that are set apart from the student body of the college. They do not want to attend classes designed solely for service men. God bless their souls! Let us take them into our ranks as our comrades and not set them on a platform to be gazed at.
Middle Georgia College desires to increase its efficiency and scope in the engineering department and would be glad to have two full years of foundation engineering work. We have made a success of this type work for some time. It is also our intention to continue every effort to build the excellent commercial department. We have one of the best equipped commercial departments in the state. Our graduates are doing excellent work. In civil service examinations given to our classes, they have made higher marks than the great majority of colleges. Of course, there must be a fully developed home economics department to meet the first two years requirements so that our girls might transfer to this department at Georgia or other institutions. During the teacher emergency the college should continue giving sufficient education to meet provisional license.
I wish to thank the central office and all in authority for their patience and their splendid advice and cooperation.
Yours obediently,
LEO H. BROWNING, President
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GEORGIA SOUTHWESTERN COLLEGE
Dear Chancellor Sanford:
I am pleased to submit the president's report for Georgia Southwestern College for the 1943-44 session.
GENERAL STATEMENTS
The 1943-44 session has been in every respect, except enrollment, the most satisfactory during this administration. The plant has been improved; the average faculty performance has been raised; the student achievement was slightly better; the program has been enlarged to meet new demands, despite the smaller staff; the educational equipment was greatly increased; the library became the center of wider activity among students, and of wider use by the community; we have managed to secure the transfer to new positions of instructors no longer needed, this reducing expenses, and have done so without injury to anyone or causing resentment.
Finally, we are holding together a "skeleton" organization of superior qualifications, ready for expansion as post-war demands may justify.
DETAILED STATEMENTS
1. THE PHYSICAL PLANT IN EXCELLENT CONDITION
The physical plant was considerably improved by repainting the main building and making repairs inside of Terrell Hall, the boys' dormitory. The contract has been let for a new roof on Terrell Hall which is to be completed this summer. When this has been completed the plant will be in fine condition throughout.
The farm has been put in much better condition. We will make little if any profit on it, but it would cost us more to let it lie idle than to work it. Besides, during the food shortage we thought it patriotic to grow as much food as possible, and we also found it very helpful to be able to get most of our beef and pork from the farm, since this requires no ration points. We have broke even on the farm if we first deduct from its total expense the value of the improvements.
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2. CUMULATIVE ENROLLMENT FOR SCHOOL YEAR 1943-44

Men Freshmen ------------------------------------- 25 Sophomores --------------------------------- 10 Specials ---------------------------------------- 3
TotaL_______________________________________ 38 Boarders --------------------------------------- 28 Day Students ------------------------------ 10
TotaL___________________________________ 38

Women 55 45 3
103 62 41
103

Total 80 55 6
141 90 51
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3. ENROLLMENT BY CURRICULA

Men Regular Junior College________________ 32 Normal Department -----------------Secretarial ---------------------------------- 3 Home Economics -------------------Specials --------------------------------- 3
TotaL_____________________________ 38

Women 35 24 31 10 3
103

Total 67 24 34 10 6
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4. ENROLLMENT 1943-44 ACCORDING TO COUNTY

County

No.

Baker ------- 3

Brooks ---------- 4

Colquitt

1

Crisp ____

1

Dooly ------------ 5

Dougherty

2

Early -------- 2

Emanuel

1

Grady ----------- 3

Hart ------------- 1 Lowndes -------- 3

Macon - - - - - - - 2

Marion ------------ 6

Miller ---------------- 1

Mitchell --------------- 5

Muscogee ------------ 5

Pike ----------------------- 2

Randolph ----------------- 2

Schley -----------------------11

Seminole -------------------- 2

County

No.

Stewart ----------------------- 3 Sumter ------------------46 TTearyrleolrl -__-_-_-__-_-_-__-_-_-__-_-_-__-_-_-__-_-_-_102

Thomas ----------------------- 3
Tift ------------------------ 1 Troup ----------------------- 1 Turner ----------------- 2 Upson -------------------- 1
Ware --------------------- 1 Webster -------------- 2
Wheeler ----------- 1 Worth ------------------ 2

137 Out-of-State
Florida --------------------- 2 Cuba --------------------------- 2

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5. CUMULATIVE SUMMER SCHOOL ENROLLMENT 1943

Men Freshmen --------------------------------- 7 Sophomores ---------------------------- 5 Specials ------------------------------------ ____

Women 16 17 17

Total 23 22 17

Total ----------------------------------- 12 Men
Boarders ------------------------------- 8 Day Students ------------------------------ 4
TotaL_________________________ 12

50 Women
28 22 50

62 Total
36 26
62

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6. ENROLLMENT BY CURRICULA

Men Regular Junior College,____________,_ -11
Normal Department ------------------Secretarial ------------------------------------ 1 Specials ------------------------------------------

Women
15 10 8 17

Total'----------------------------------------- 12

50

7. NUMBER AND KIND OF DIPLOMAS

Men Regular Junior College________________ 4 Normal -----------------------------------------Secretarial --------------------------------------
Total__________________________________________ 4

Women 12 10 11
33

Total 26 10 9 17 62
Total 16 10 11
37

IMPROVEMENT IN THE QUALITY OF INSTRUCTION
The general quality of instruction has improved for two reasons: ( 1) The students were restricted to those who were at college for serious purposes, except for a few boys who lost interest from knowing they had only a few months to wait until drafted. (2) Resignations from the faculty last summer were in every case, except one, from subordinates. This left only department heads in charge of every class, as the result of the elimination of the less efficient.
Although the size of the faculty was greatly decreased, we were able, because of reduced number of duplicate sections, to offer a wider range of courses than heretofore. In the first time in the history in the institution, we were able to offer organic chemistry and quanti~ tative analysis and also a full year of college physics. As the result, we were able to give complete pre-medical and pre-dental courses. Every student completing the work was accepted by a professional school.

APPEARANCES OF FACULTY MEMBERS BEFORE CLUBS AND SOCIETIES
Our professor of physical education, Mr. Jack Robison, is president of the Americus Lions Club. Nearly every man on the faculty has appeared before one or more gatherings during the year. Our Dr. Murray, professor of social science, gave the local Rotary Club an excellent picture of Russia.
Several lady members of the staff are active in the Pilot Club of this city.

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IMPROVEMENT OF LIBRARY AND LABORATORIES
During the last tw.o years. o.ur laboratories in chemistry and physics have been improved to the point where they compare favorably with those of the average four-year college. This is the opinion of our Professor Hart.
About two years ago, due to the generosity of the chancellor, we were able to equip a physics laboratory. Last year we added equipment sufficient to offer organic chemistry and quantitative analysis. Our Professor Hart states that the laboratories in physics and chemistry are fully adequate for the courses we offer.
The chief improvement to the library was the addition .of 569 volumes.

USE OF LIBRARY BY STUDENTS

There has been a marked increase in the per capita use of the library as is shown by the following table furnished by our efficient librarian, Miss Macy Gray. Increasing use of our library is also being made by the community.

1942-1943
Circulation ------------------------------------------------21,925 Average. daily attendance_________________________ 68
Reference questions --------------------------- 673 Bibliographies ------------------------------- 14 Books added ------------------------------------------ 331 Enrollment ---------------------------------------- 184

1943-1944
17,784 78
1,087 33
569 141

LEAVES OF ABSENCE AND RESIGNATIONS
There have been granted no leaves of absence to faculty members to enter the armed forces.
Mr. Sam Wiggins, director of the laboratory school three years ago, resigned to become an ensign in the Navy. Mr. Coleman Heard, instructor in physical education in 1941-42, is now physical education director in the United States Army, with the rank of captain.
Dean T. E. Smith has been granted thirteen months' leave of absence beginning June 1 to serve with the educational panel of the Agricultural and Industrial Planning Board.
Professor W. Roy McGehee, associate professor of social science, who was granted leave of absence last year to become an instructor in the A.S.T.P. program at Emory University, has resigned permanently.

192

Miss Margaret Taylor, instructor in home economics, resigned to take a position with the Veterans' Bureau.
Miss Florence Stapleto'ri, assistant librarian and also director of the voluntary religious organization, resigned to become church secretary at the Capitol Avenue Baptist Church, Atlanta.
FORMER STUDENTS IN THE ARMED FORCES
Our librarian, Miss Macy Gray, began this year to compile the list of all former students in the armed forces. Up to date, she has a total of 365 listed. As this list is still incomplete, information received to date is still insufficient to give the total number in each rank. A growing list of our alumni are being cited for service "beyond the call of duty."
DEATHS AMONG FORMER STUDENTS IN THE ARMED FORCES
Reports have reached us of the death of the following:
Gus Bacon, Navy. Attended 1936-1937. Lost at sea.
1st Lieutenant Howard Bankston. Attended 1940-1941. Lost in training flight.
Sgt. Curtis Johnson. Attended 1939. Army Air Corps. Killed in action. Posthumously awarded Silver Star and Purple Heart.
Harley Riley, Jr., Navy. Attended 1936-1937. Lost at sea.
CONTRIBUTION TO WAR EFFORT
Aside from adapting the courses of study as far as possible to the needs of boys destined for the services, such as special courses in mathematics and science, our chief contribution to the war effort has been merely that of doing a good job of teaching.
Of course, we have participated in various scrap drives, bond drives, and in the dissemination of war information of all kinds. Our library has done a good job in securing and displaying both periodical literature and books bearing upon various aspects of the war effort, and of questions involved in making an enduring peace. Chapel speakers from time to time have discussed various aspects of the war. The instructors have rather consistently utilized war problems as motivating and illustrative material.
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POST-WAR NEEDS
Our post-war needs in detail can be determined only in light of post-war demands, together with ottr relation to the total program of the university system. Unless or until we are notified otherwise, we shall assume that our program in broad outline will continue as heretofore, but that adjustments within this general program will be necessary.
The suggestions below are made on the assumptions ( 1) that we shall continue for some time as a junior college with teacher training as the special function, and (2) that our student body will return to its normal size and that it will return to its normal rate of growth. Possibly there will be a temporary accelerated growth during the period of re-adjustment.
At the beginning of the period of political agitation that led to de-classification, the institution had reached an enrollment of 400. This agitation stopped growth for a year, then the de-classification, followed by the war, brought on a rapid decline. The removal of all these disturbing conditions, plus the general increase in college attendance likely to follow demobilization, should bring the attendance to 500 and possibly 600 students.
BUILDING NEEDS
When the enrollment had reached 400 the dormitories were running to full capacity, and class-room facilities were utilized to a maximum. Regardless of the particular direction in which the institution is developed, the major building needs are the same as those outlined in the 1939-40 report, as follows:
( 1) Erect combined dining hall, lecture room, auditorium, and class room building in the space reserved for this building in the master plan previously outlined.
(2) Convert present dining hall into a dormitory. This would give a total capacity of 300 boarding students and teaching facilities for 500 or more.
(3) Two flat-roofed dormitories should sooner or later have pitched roofs to correspond to the other buildings in the main line of buildings.
(4) Completion of roadways. A system of paved driveways and walks has already been completed in main outline, just as has the
194

main building program. Three minor driveways would complete the system as originally outlined.
(5) A central heating plant, while not as much needed as the new building named above, would be a labor and fuel saver and would reduce the fire hazard.
(6) Should enrollment demand room for more than 300 boarders the buildings are so laid out that one or two new dormi~ tories would fit into the completed picture, facing the secondary quadrangle.
GENERAL EQUIPMENT
Our library is adequate for any foreseen expansion except for additional books and new study tables. Our chemistry and physics laboratories are fully adequate for present needs, but we will need some expansion if attendance grows.
FACULTY
We have managed to keep a skeleton organization with a capable head for every department, save one, as our present program is out~ lined. Any .future replacements to be made in the faculty will be determined by the size of the student body and the direction in which the educational program develops.
To summarize: The major requirements have already been met unless there is to be a radical change in the educational program. The additions named above will be needed regardless of the specific de~ velopments. Should the institution later become a four~year teachers' college the basic requirements in buildings and in training school facilities are present. Except for increased enrollment, internal de~ velopment rather than expansion should probably be our aim.
Respectfully submitted,
PEYTON JACOB, President
ABRAHAM BALDWIN AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE
TIFTON, GEORGIA
Dear Chancellor Sanford: It is a pleasure to submit to you this annual report for the
Abraham Baldwin Agricultural College for the fiscal year ending June 30. 1944.
195

REGULAR ENROLLMENT
For the three quartecs, beginnK1g in September, our total enrollment has been 126. This is composed of 62 men and 64 women. Our average enrollment for the year has been 100. This is the basis upon which the budget was made out and for that reason the college has been able to operate financially as planned.
The causes for the low enrollment are obvious: enlistment of young men in the armed forces, the enticement of good wages for both men and women in industry, and the shortage of farm labor have reduced the enrollment to the low figures cited above. The college feels that the minimum has been reached unless some unforseen calamity befalls us.
SPECIAL ENROLLMENTS
C.A.A. War Training Program: Until January 16, 1944 the college gave secondary training in aviation under a contract with the Civil Aeronautics Authority War Training Program. This has been carried on by the college as civilian pilot training for the past three years, but in September, 1943, the college began training 100 men every eight weeks under army supervision. The college had the ground school contract while the Carson Chalk Flying School of Adel had the flight contract. The income from this special work aided greatly in meeting the operating expenses of the college and was responsible for some needed capital additions which will be mentioned later.
Rehabilitation: The college has also made a contract with the Veterans Administration for the training of injured veterans along agricultural lines. While the demand for workers in war industry is keeping the number from being very large at present, the college is set up to give the type of agricultural training the administration wishes its men to have.
REGULAR TEACHING
The teaching force was reduced by four this year to meet the decreased student enrollment. Consolidation of departments is taking place rather than the replacement of faculty members going into armed services or securing other positions. This reduces the teaching costs and at the same time will enable the college to rehire those faculty members now in the Army or Navy.
196

Especially helpful in the teaching has been the use of specialists from the Georgia Coastal Plain Experiment Station as part-time instructors. Their first hand knowledge of their subjects stimulates learning on the part of the student.
SUMMER SCHOOL
In 19 4 3 the college had 61 enrolled in summer school. This summer (June, 1944) 51 have enrolled. The greater number of the students are earning the major part of their expenses through work at the experiment station or at the college. In co-operation with the Georgia Teachers College at Statesboro the college is holding a teachers' workshop during the last session of summer school for about 50 teachers of this area.
SHORT COURSES
Short courses for farmers are still being curtailed due to transportation difficulties. Short courses have been held for all of the county agents of the southeast and southwest Georgia districts, and for a large number of agricultural teachers and home economics teachers. The information secured by these professional workers will be relayed to the farmers and their wives.
SPECIAL SERVICES
The college has held the South Georgia 4-H Club Conference, the South Georgia Methodist Layman's Conference, both the District and State Future Farmer Public Speaking Contests, and the Young People's Conference of the Presbyterian Church. On May 11 a Visitor's Day was held and was attended by 200 young people and their teachers and agents. These and other group meetings have brought onto the campus during the year over 500 boys and girls, most of them potential students of this college, and at least 500 men and women who are becoming better acquainted with the offerings of the college.
FOOD PRESERVATION
The college for the past three years has been practically selfsustaining insofar as staple requirements of vegetables and other farm products are concerned. In the food preservation plant which has cold storage and canning facilities, the products of the college farm and also the products of the experiment station are preserved. These
197

products are used in the college dining hall and are sold to other units of the university system. During the year the college sold products to the Georgia State College for Women at Milledgeville, Georgia State Woman's College at Valdosta, Middle Georgia College at Cochran, South Georgia College at Douglas, and Georgia Southwestern at Americus. Over 15,000 gallons of vegetables are processed in the plant each year. The plant is not as efficient as could be due to the high cost of, and the difficulty, at present, in securing up-to-date preparation machinery. It is not only possible, but highly desirable, that the canning plants in the university system furnish the staple canned vegetables for the various units of the system. This can be done as soon as preparation equipment such as that had by commercial canning companies can be purchased and installed. At present, with a large part of the preparation done by hand the labor cost in the system's plants eliminates any margin of profit and sometimes results in losses on the part of the unit doing the canning.
CAPITAL ADDITIONS
During the year some capital improvements have been made. A deep well is now installed. This well will enable the college to have its own water system which will reduce the cost, and as soon as an overhead tank is available, will reduce fire hazard. A swimming pool has been completed which adds much to the pleasure of regular students and those attending various conferences.
A garage and storage room, a barn, and a machine shed have been built from material in the old dairy buildings.
NEEDS
While at present facilities at the college are sufficient to care for the current student body, it is well to look forward to the post-war era of expansion expected. To meet the demands of an increased enrollment the following additions are needed:
1. A central heating system is necessary. Two of the dormitories, the administration building, the dining hall, and the library are all heated by coal stoves. This causes a fire hazard as well as being inconvenient and dirt-producing. The cost of installing a central heating plant should not be over $30,000.00.
2. With the emphasis being placed on farm engineering, a more adequate building for engineering is needed. At present this phase of
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our work is housed in a frame building of poor appearance and little convenience. Such a building could also house the forestry department. The cost of such a building is estimated to be $50,000.00.
3. A water tower to take care of the water from our deep well is needed and a sewage system connecting the college with the city disposal plant is desirable. These two items could be carried out at a cost of $10,000.00.
4. A girls' dormitory combined with apartments for families attending short courses will be needed three years after the war is over. The present girls' dormitory will be needed to house young men in regular attendance at the college. The cost of this building should be approximately $60,000.00.
5. When our peak enrollment is reached, a new dining hall will be necessary. The present dining hall has a capacity of only 280. With the building of a new dining hall. the present building could be converted into a social center for students.
These needs are being set forth to meet the requirements of a student body of 400, composed of 300 men and 100 women, and to take care of an accelerated. short course program for farmers and farm wives.
CONCLUSION
The faculty join the administration in expressing appreciation to the chancellor and the Board of Regents for their support and sympathetic guidance during the year.
Respectfully submitted,
GEORGE H. KING, President
SOUTH GEORGIA COLLEGE
Dear Chancellor Sanford:
I herewith submit my annual report of the South Georgia College for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1944.
The South Georgia College has closed a very successful year. We have enrolled 112 students in the regular session with approximately twenty-seven counties in Georgia, two other states. and one foreign country represented. The cumulative summer school enroll-
199

ment was a total of 77. The student body was notable for its seriousness of purpose and its pursai.t of those studies which would :fit them to participate actively in the war effort. Our primary objective, winning the war, has received the full cooperation of every member of our student body.
FACULTY
The members of the faculty have been most loyal in their efforts to assist in the fulfillment of our program. They have, at all times, been ready and willing to assist the students in the solution of their many problems. The classroom instruction has been of the highest quality. Miss Rebecca Broach, the head of our department of home economics, has been granted a three months' leave of absence to study at the University of Georgia for the summer quarter. She will receive her master's degree in home economics at the August convocation.
TEACHER WORKSHOP
During the summer quarter we have held a workshop, enrolling forty teachers from eight counties. This workshop has enabled these teachers to work out, in a practical way, many of the problems which confront them. We know that they will go back into other communities carrying higher ideals and a knowledge of greater opportunities and responsibilities. We plan to expand the workshop and make it permanent. The Southeastern Division of 4-H Clubs held their annual meeting at the South Georgia College. Approximately 225 4-H Club boys and girls were present. Thirty-six of the forty counties in the division were represented.
KIWANIS AND LIONS CLUBS
The Kiwanis and Lions Clubs of Douglas have cooperated with the college in its campaign for students. Various members of our faculty have addressed many of the civic clubs throughout south Georgia and have delivered several literary addresses in this section. Through these appearances many contacts have been made which will prove beneficial to the college and to the university system. Several members of our faculty have taken an active interest in Boy Scout work. In this connection, the college has entertained the Okefenokee Area Council, Boy Scouts of America, comprising twenty-three counties, at its annual meeting, for the past two years.
200

BIOLOGY LABORATORY
During the past year our biologr laboratory has been standardized. More than $1.200.00 have been spent recently for equipment alone for this laboratory. With it, and the more than adequate physics and chemistry laboratories which we already have, we are able to meet all the necessary requirements of our students. Our library is modern and up-to-date. It contains 6, 313 volumes and fifty current periodicals. The total book circulation for the year was 9, 0 15. All requests, by the faculty, for books in the library for their departments have been met.
ARMED FORCES
Prof. J. P. Barnett, head of the department of chemistry, resigned on June lst to accept a commission in the Navy. He is now at the Great Lakes Training School.
We have a total of 705 students in the armed forces. Of this number, 241 are officers; 464 in the ranks. This shows one out of three are officers ranging from corporal to major. We have lost 15 by death, three are prisoners of war, and five are listed as missing in action. We have placed a large service flag, with a star representing each of these former students, in our auditorium. Underneath this flag there is a framed service roll giving the name, rank, and branch of the service of each.
WAR COURSES
We have geared our curriculum and economy to the war effort. We have introduced courses in aeronautics, pre-flight physics, plane geometry, and biology to that end. Although we have not had a military unit here, we have given our students thorough pre-induction courses which have enabled many of them to advance very rapidly in the ranks of the armed forces. At the outset of the war, we gave the use of our airport to the Raymond-Richardson Aviation Company for their use in the training of Army air cadets.
RETURNING VETERANS
It is our opinion that a majority of the returning soldiers will want to pick up their education at the point where they left it when they entered the armed services. Of course, many of these returning veterans will have to be rehabilitated and certain technical courses will have to be provided for them. A great majority will be interested in
201

getting away from the t~chnical. tr_:ining which the Army has provided for them into those courses which the liberal arts college offers. These courses will provide an opportunity for meditation and a means of escape from the very grim realities of life which they have faced as soldiers. These returning soldiers should be awarded some insignia to designate their service.
Thinking of our post-war needs, the most imperative is steam heat in every building. Following the war we will need two dormitories, one for boys and one for girls. We need a modern building to house our home economics department. This should include space for a model home as well as for classrooms and laboratories. We should have a small infirmary. Our gymnasium should be properly equipped in order that we may better carry out our physical education program.
In closing, I wish to say that we are all out for the winning of the war and the peace to follow.
Respectfully submitted,
J. M. THRASH, President
ALBANY STATE COLLEGE
Dear Chancellor Sanford:
This is a report of the work of the Albany State College during the year 1943-1944.
This brief report is an attempt to summarize the major activities, results, and needs at the Albany State College, for the period July 1, 1943 to June 30, 1944. This is the first year the college has operated under its new name and second president. In general, the year has been successful with most activities pointing in the direction of genuine progress. Students have done a good degree of work and have appeared happy in their endeavors. Student fees have been collected, expenses have been closely guarded, and the college year ended "out of the red."
OBJECTIVES The college has functioned on the basis of the following objectives: 1. To provide a recognized and efficient program of general
education.
202

2. To provide a sequence of desirable act1v1t1es designed to develop efficient tea<:hers for tl_le common schools of Georgia.
3. To provide educational and social assistance to adults in terms of their needs and interests.
Briefly, then, the college is concerned primarily with the training of teachers, with special emphasis on the training of elementary school teachers. The college is deeply conscious of its responsibility to the adult population within the scope of its service. Hence, it is one of the major objectives of the college to sponsor a well developed program of adult education. Activities are chosen in the light of the "Seven Persistent Problems of Living" as adopted by the State Department of Education.
Both faculty and students participate in defining the immediate aims and purposes of the college.
The college program is especially designed to offer general or functional education of a non-specialized nature. The curriculum is elastic enough in scope to offer students the background courses which are necessary for later specialization. This latter work is limited almost entirely to the first two years, after which the student pursues courses in his special field.

ENROLLMENT

The enrollment for the period July 1, 1943 to July 1, 1944 is

seen in the following table:

Men College ------------------------------ 17 Summer School-1943 ------------- 22 Summer School-1944 (1st term)__ 9
High School ---------------------------- 43 Elementary School ---------------- 81 Nursery School ------------------------- 13 Extension Classes (off campus)___ 11 Adult Classes (on campus)------- 6

Women 173 613
343
82 97 14
114 45

Total 190 635 352 125 178 27 125 51

Total enrolledJuly 1, 1943 to July 1, 1944_____ 202

1,481

1,683

GRADUATES

The number of graduates has been few on the four-year level; this is due to the recency of that level. During the period under discussion, eight (8) persons have received the B. S. degree while twenty-four (24) received the normal diploma. Sixteen (16) persons will qualify for the B. S. degree at the close of the current summer school.

203

INSTRUCTION
Our emphasis is upon elementary education, and, therefore, all courses are set-up with that in mind. We feel that the curriculum is geared to serve the needs of all students on the junior college level. Some high quality of teaching has been observed in a large percentage of the courses.
The faculty decided to work closely with the schools in the local county, and then spread our activities over the 27 counties in this section of the state. We are aware of the fact that we are to serve the entire state, but we know that the beginning should be made in our home county.
Three conferences in elementary education have been held during the year. Each conference lasted three days and all teachers and school officials in this section were invited to attend. The first conference was held in December with Dr. Virgil E. Herrick of the University of Chicago serving as consultant. The second conference had Dr. H. H. Giles of West Georgia College as consultant in February. Miss Marie Mciver, supervisor of elementary schools in North Carolina, was our consultant in March. All of these conferences were well attended and resulted in much growth on the part of our staff.
ADULT EDUCATION
The college has made special efforts to reach the adults in our region. This problem was approached in three ways: First, through close cooperation with the Division of General Extension; second, through our summer quarter program; and third, by organizing an adult education project. We cherish a special pride in our campus adult school, which functions through institutes, forums, and informal classes.
FACULTY
The faculty has tried to tie the college to the community. A few members of the staff gave their best to this effort. This meant going to a number of meetings, joining most organizations in the community, and appearing on various programs. Some members of the faculty have attended the major professional meetings in the state; travel restrictions prevented more from doing likewise. The president, for example, made nine (9) high school commencement addresses during May and June.
204

Every possible step is being taken to improve the quality of the faculty. They are encouraged to study. Five members of the staff are attending summer schools at univi\l'sities; two will study next year.
STUDENT PERSONNEL PROGRAM
The student personnel program has been developed along five major lines: recruitment; orientation; counseling; placement; and follow-up. This program is designed to assist the student to grow and develop physically, mentally, morally, and socially.
The college provides the major extra-class activities, but most of them lag for lack of adequate equipment and leadership on the part of the faculty. At present there are no fraternities or sororities on the campus.
HEALTH SERVICES
The college resident physician and nurse have performed excellent services to the students. They treated twelve cases of mumps, four cases of influenza, one case of measles, and a number of lesser complications. Ten students had dental corrections, four had their eyes examined and fitted with glasses, and all students were given blood tests. A large number of first aid treatments were given, and examinations were made of all students.
LIBRARY
The library has expanded its holdings and extended its services. Books, periodicals, and other equipment have been added to meet the needs of a four-year teacliers college. Included in the large number of books were two sets of encyclopedias. Several books were given to the college during the year. Major accomplishments include: interlibrary loan service with a number of colleges and universities; pamphlet files; subscriptions to all major educational periodicals; additions of much reference material; setting up a room for recreational reading; and teaching the students the correct use of the library.
ADDITIONS AND REPAIRS
The plant had run down as reflected in the small amounts spent for this purpose in recent years. A number of major repairs were made during the year: All roofs were thoroughly repaired; a few buildings painted; water extended to the men's quarters; drinking fountains installed; sanitary toilets installed on first floor of main
205

building; the auditorium completely redecorated; and lights erected on the campus.

FACULTY AND STUDENTS IN ARMED FORCES James E. Andrews________________________________________________English Kathryn E. Richardson____________________________Training School Thelma B. Brown____________________________________Training School L. V. D. Graves__________________________________________________Librarian Norman Lyght____________________________________Physical Education Joseph Henry ______________________________________________________English
Roderick W. Pugh__________________________________________________Science
Ruby M. Kelley----------------------------------------Training School Corrie Sherard________________________________________Home Economics
Our present records show that forty-two (42) of our former students of recent years are in the armed forces. This figure is much too low since we do not have data for all such persons.

PUBLICATIONS
There have been five (5) publications during the year:
1-A/bany Mirror (Student Paper)
2-The Pecanite (Senior Year Book)
3-0n The Farm With Tom (Elementary school book by Professor W. Bruce Welch)
4-An Evaluation of The Accredited Secondary Schools for Negroes in the South (A book written by Dr. Aaron Brown, President)
5-The Albany State Catalog and Announcements (The Institution's first catalog since 1937).

GIFTS

The college received the following gifts during the year:

Donor

Nature of Gift

Value

People of Albany_____Funds for Oil Portrait of Founder________$ 742.00

University of Chicago__Consultant (Dr. Virgil E. Herrick) _____ 150.00

Mrs. R. C. Huffer, Beloit, Wisconsin _____Books, Encyclopedia, Magazines___________ 100.00

Hon. Ruth Bryan Owen,

New York, New York____Books ----------------------------------- 10.00

TotaL--------------------------------------------------------$1,002.00

206

In this connection mention should be made of the fact that eight teachers of the Training School were paid for nine months by 'the City and County Boards _of Education.

URGENT NEEDS

OPERATING COSTS AT THE ALBANY STATE COLLEGE FOR 1940-41 AND COMPARED WITH PROPOSED COSTS FOR 1945-46

Areas

1940-41

Administration and GeneraL________$12,762

Plant Operation and Maintenance 15,644

Instruction ------------------ 26,310

Library ------------------------- 1,193

Increase 1945-1946 1945-46 Over 1940-41
$ 20,000 $ 7,238 37,000 21,356 75,000 48,690 12,000 10,807

Total---------------------------$55,909 $144,000 $88,091
6. The Albany State College had an enrollment of 241 on the junior level in 1940-41. Immediately following the war we expect a four-year college enrollment of 350 to 400. We expect this number to increase 10 to 15 per cent each year over a five year period.

The following reasons represent the basis of our estimates of enrollment increases:

a-The "G.I." education bill will encourage large college attendance.

b--We are planning for meeting the needs of most of our post war enrollees.

c-There is a growing emphasis upon college training on the part of Negroes.

d-Accredited high schools for Negroes in this section are rapidly increasing in number.

e-There are 225,000 Negroes within fifty miles of Albany.

f-The Albany State College is growing in influence; this trend will certainly be accelerated when we gain Southern Association accreditation.

It is estimated that we shall need approximately twelve (12) additional faculty members during the first five years following the war. This will cost between $30,000 and $35,000. The faculty additions would be somewhat as follows:

English, 2; Education, 2; Industrial Arts, 2; Science, 2; Social Science, 1; Agriculture, 1; Home Economics, 1; Foreign Languages,

207

1; Commercial Subjects, 1; and one co-ordinator of Adult Education. Most of the persons would be needed immediately after the war.
Additional buildings needed i"nd estimated cost of each: Laundry _____________________________________ $ 25,000.00 Central Heating Plant____________________ 60,000.00 Gymnasium -------------------------------- 50, 000. 00 Infirmary ------------------------------------ 38, 000. 00 Dormitory for Boys______________________ 75, 000.00 Shop ------------------------------------------- 35, 000.00
$283,000.00 The campus needs to be landscaped. Professor Harvey of Athens has made detailed suggestions for this. The college needs a shop for its proposed activities in industrial arts. This need, of course, will be more pressing after the war. We made an effort to get some of the N.Y.A. equipment with no success. Recently, we requested the Treasury Procurement Division to con~ sider the Albany State College for surplus war property.
CONCLUSION We have had a good year and from all indications, 1944~45 will be much better. It is quite likely that our enrollment will in~ crease 20 or 25 per cent next year. Sincere appreciation is extended to the regents, the chancellor, and other officers in the central office for their support and encour~ agement. We solicit your continued cooperation and pledge our best efforts to make Albany State College a great institution.
Respectfully submitted, AARON BROWN, President
FORT VALLEY STATE COLLEGE
Dear Chancellor Sanford: This is a report of the work of the Fort Valley State College
during the year 1943~1944.
208

FINANCES
The financial condition of the ~liege remains strong; and its prospects are encouragingly better. Considering our principal sources of income, the following table indicates the increasing stabilization of our prospects:
TABLE I DISTRIBUTION OF PRINCIPAL SOURCES OF INCOME FOR CURRENT
EXPENSES AT THE FORT VALLEY STATE COLLEGE, 1939-1945

b->~"t """O<=
001
Private:
1938-1939 State:
1939-1940 1940-1941
1941-1942 1942-1943 1943-1944 *1944-1945

.~.., .:"~'
].!-3a]
" " r.J~o
114

...,
~

~..~ .::

--r"2sS<r:s":lJs.'J~E"."!"o"!l

" e
0

,;.
fil

~ +>

"'!l ~ 'll

.0"e:~"Q:) ""~~2<e"0

...,
P"""""o'' .'

345

225 755 $21,291 32.1

324 1,422 34,411 38.4

332 1,053 34,000 36.8

325 1,049 35,000 36.3

339 1,200 45,000 43.6

350

55,000 47.4

s

0

.""0""s.':"""";'"-~'"0"<""e"0

..,
p"""""...'

$34,000 51.1 34,000 37.8
34,000 36.8 33,000 34.2 23,000 22.3
23,000 19.8

iJ

~~
s "1: C}~ ~ O"tl 0
.E"C"IJ <s

..,
p"""""...'

$ 6,990

$11,214 16.8 21,024 23.8 24,174 26.4 28,385, 29.5
35,000 34.1 38,000 32.8

*Estimate
Here it will be noted, most encouragingly, that the percentage to our total current expense income contributed by the Julius Rosenwald Fund has decreased from 51.1 per cent in 1939-1940 to an estimated 19.8 per cent in 1944-1945; that student fees, originally barely one-sixth of our revenue, are now approximately one-third; and that our basic income from the State of Georgia, once less than a third of our income, is now almost one-half.

The problem before the college, financially, is how to increase appropriations from the regents, both to ensure necessary expansion, and to take up the slack in the Rosenwald appropriation which is soon to be withdrawn from exhaustion. The prospect for increasing student fees as a source of new income is hardly favorable; our fees now are the largest of any college supported by a state for Negroes in the entire South. We must therefore look to the state alone for such increases.

ENROLLMENT

Our enrollment continues at near capacity. A breakdown by

sex shows the following:

1940-41 1941-42 1942-43 1943-44

Male --------------------- 102

92

66

29

Female -------------------------- 222

240

259

310

TotaL_____________ 324

332

325

339

209

In short, losses of men, principally to the armed forces, have been made up by considerable increast!s in the female enrollment. This gratifying fact has enabled the college to maintain its program, and even necessitated expansion.
THE FACULTY
The faculty shows evidence of growth both in numbers and in quality as represented by advanced training.
Advanced Study: During the year 1943-1944, William M. Boyd received the degree of doctor of philosophy in history and political science at the University of Michigan. This distinction was recognized by his promotion, from an assistant professorship to a full professorship.
R. L. Wynn received the degree of master of science in agriculture at the Michigan State College in June, 1944, after a year of study on a General Education Board Fellowship.
Publication by Faculty Members:
Bond, H. M.-(with Hermese Johnson, C. L. Ellison, Alva Tabor), Education for Production, Fort Valley State College, 1944. A textbook used with rural teachers in improving agricultural production through the elementary schools.
Bond, H. M.-Ham and Eggs: The History of the Fort Valley Ham and Egg Show. Bulletin, Georgia Agricultural Extension Service, WalterS. Brown, Director, 1944.
Boyd, William M.-The Administration of Territories and Island Possessions of the.. United States, University of Michigan (ms), Ann Arbor, 1944.
Troup, C. V.-"A Program of Functional Education," Fall Number, Journal of Negro Education, 1944.
-"The Registrar During Wartime," Journal of Higher Education, Vol. XV, No. 2, February, 1944.
Appearances of the Faculty Before Organizations:
The faculty has been very active in appearances before professional teachers' organizations in the state and elsewhere in the South. Miss Hermese Johnson and Mrs. Catherine J. Duncan served as consultants at several of the District Teachers Meetings, as well as at the annual state meeting of the Georgia State Teachers Association.
210

Members of the college faculty also addressed numerous high school commencement exercises, inGluding Sl.Kh large cities as Valdosta, Brunswick, Savannah, Macon, as well as smaller communities.
The president of the college was invited to address the West Tennessee State Teachers Association, meeting at Jackson, Tennessee; The North Carolina State Teachers Association, meeting at Raleigh, North Carolina; the dedication exercises of the Jackson College, Jackson, Mississippi; and the Commencement Exercises of the Langston University in Oklahoma. In addition, he served as a consultant to the State Conference of School Authorities in Virginia in August, 1943; as consultant for the State Department of Education in Louisiana in July, 1943; and as a member of the summer faculty of the Garrett Biblical Institute at Evanston, Illinois, for the summer term of 1944. He was also elected to membership in the Spring Conference on Education, and as a member of the Committee on Negro Films of the American Film Center; and was continued in office as vice-president of the Conference of Negro Land Grant Colleges.
As an example of the services rendered to organizations within the state, the schedule of Mr. C. V. Troup, registrar, is typical of the kind of service rendered by several members of the faculty.
April 28, 1944: Founder's Day Address, Gillespie-Selden Institute, Cordele, Georgia.
May 21, 1944: Address at formal opening of the Booker T. Washington Community Center, Macon, Georgia.
May 24, 1944: Commencement Address, Speight High School, Fort Gaines, Georgia.
June 2, 1944: Commencement Address, Risley High School, Brunswick, Georgia.

DEGREES OFFERED AND AWARDED

The number of graduates from the college has grown steadily. The May, 1944, class consisted of 50 persons. To date baccalaureate degrees have been awarded as follows:

June, 1941-22 Summer, 1941-2

March, 1943-9 June, 1943-27

June, 1942-30 Summer, 1942-9

Summer, 1943-23 June, 1944-50

211

The regular 1944 graduating class included 29 persons receiving the degree of B.S. iii educatioi'l, and 21 persons receiving the degree of B.S. in home economics.
FIELD DAYS, SHORT COURSES, AND OTHER MEETINGS DESIGNED TO BETTER THE STATE
The following meetings and institutes, held on the campus, aided the material and spiritual growth of the Negro population of the state. The lack of adequate housing space due to over-crowded conditions on the campus required us to decline several opportunities to entertain other groups.
January 3-10: Minister's Institute, conducted by the Reverend V. A. Edwards.
March 2-3: The 29th Annual Ham and Egg Show; including short courses, lectures, demonstrations, and exhibits.
March 3-5: The Annual Folk Festival.
April 3-8: Institute for Missionary Women from Town and Country Churches.
April 1-2: Conference on Life and Work for College Students sponsored jointly by the National and Provincial Church Department of Church Work among College Students and by the Fort Valley State College.
April 19-22: Practical Arts Institute and Festival, including 50 selected high school students and teachers of home economics, and visiting supervisors.
May 12-13: Annual Meeting of the Teachers of Science in Negro Colleges.
May 10-12: Conference of United States Extension Workers.
THE LIBRARY
The library has enjoyed a steady, sound growth during the past five years of the institution as a state college. In addition to appropriations from the regular college budget, a special appropriation of $3,000 from the Carnegie Corporation-now expended in fullhas greatly aided in filling in major gaps in the collection.
On July 1. 1939, when the college was turned over to the state
control from private hands, the accession list showed 5,064 volumes.
212

As of July, 1944, the accession list shows 10,905 volumes, with approximately a thousand volumes yet to be catalogued.
Our collection is yet short of the--12,000 volumes stated by the Southern Association standards as minimum requirements for a Grade A college. We hold 65 percent of reference books listed by the Shaw List as essential. and 22 percent of those considered desirable, according to Southern Association standards.
To meet the requirements of new offerings, it is probable that an annual expenditure of at least $10,000 a year for the next five years is desirable, in books alone. However, our space is extremely limited; we have a "one-room" library, and stack space is now almost exhausted, with no needed auxiliary rooms. The provision for use of the library by students and members of the faculty in an expanding institution requires considerable additions both to our collection and to our staff.
MEMBERS OF THE FACULTY IN THE ARMED SERVICES
We now have five former members of the faculty in the armed services, and on leave of absence from the institution. Two other former members of the faculty, SjSgt. Joseph D. Roulhac and Benjamin L. Mathis, have been inducted, but for various reasons due to condition of termination do not enjoy status as with leaves of absence.
The five men on leave of absence are:
Captain William S. M. Banks, instructor, agricultural economics; now serving in infantry combat team, with distinction.
Warrant Officer James I. Shelton, instructor, men's crafts; now serving with a transport division in Normandy, with distinction.
SjSgt. E. Joseph Adkins, instructor, English; now serving with company headquarters in an American cantonment.
SjSgt. J. Bertram Ellison, instructor, science; now serving with communications batallion of infantry division.
' Corporal Lawrence A. Jones, instructor, art; now serving with detachment preparing camouflage, graphic aids to military instruction units.
213

FORMER STUDENTS IN THE ARMED SERVICES: NECROLOGY OF FORMER STUDENTS
It has been impossible to obtain satisfactory records of students from the parent institution-the Fort Valley H. ~ I. School-prior to 1939.
Considering the fact that our male enrollment since 1939 never exceeded 102 young men, we regard the military record of the men from this institution as remarkable. With records incomplete, the following tabulation shows the rank of 109 former students and graduates of the period from I939-1943 for whom we have information:
In the Army:
Lieutenants ---------------------------------------------- 5 Warrant Officers -------------------------------------- I
Sergeants ---------------------------------------------------- 26 Corporals -------------------------------------------------- 34
Privates ------------------------------------------------------ 32 In the Marine Corps (Rank not known)____________ 2
In the Navy (Rank not known)------------------------ 8
In the WAC (Rank not known)----------------------- I

I09

Two former students have been killed while members of the

armed services. By a coincidence, both were members of the famed

99th Pursuit Squadron. They were: Lieutenant Richard Davis, of

Fort Valley; and Lieutenant John Morgan, of Cartersville.



GIFTS DURING I943-I944
No new gifts of consequence were received during the year. However, payments were made on certain grants which have already been announced. These included:
General Education Board:
$1.044.90 of grant for purchase of scientific equipment, original grant totaling $3,700.00.
$4,599.00 of grant for purchase of land. original grant totaling $7,500.00.

214

$3,500.00 of grant for conduct of program for stimulating agricultural production through educational planning in elementary schools, <;alled "Ed2cation for Production"; original grant for three-year program, original grant in the amount of $9,800.00.
$1.650.00 of grant for conduct of "Education for Production" program (see above for original grant).
$1.000.00 of grant for aiding faculty in agriculture for further study; original grant $2,000.00.
Carnegie Corporation: $774.24, the balance of original grant of $3,000.00 for purchase of books.
The Julius Rosenwald Fund: $23,000.00 as payment for grant toward current expenses, original grant (1939) $250,000.00.
ADDITION TO THE PHYSICAL PLANT
Acreage amounting to 219 acres was purchased during the year, money coming from the General Education Board and the regents of the university system. This land area gives promise of adding greatly to the facilities of the institution in its program of agricultural teaching.
IMPROVEMENT OF INSTRUCTION: ADDED COURSES
In prospect for the year 1944-1945 are added courses in music, in foreign languages, in sociology, in commerce and business education, in agriculture, and in health.
During 1943-1944 the policy was adopted of instituting courses in homemaking for all young women; in health for all students; and in marriage problems for all students.
These courses proved of continuing value and interest to the students; they promised to realize an emphasis on instruction in the area of many practical applications which seems peculiarly appropriate in view of the overwhelming percentage of young women m our population, and in view of the needs of this population.
THE COLLEGE WINS NATIONAL RADIO DISTINCTION
With the award of the Dupont Foundation Award to Station WMAZ in Macon, the weekly programs carried on by the college.
215

earned a special distinction. The Dupont Award cited Station WMAZ among the 900 small stations in America for its courageous and varied contribution to the cause of racial enlightenment; the Fort Valley series entered largely into this consideration.

The Fort Valley programs were broadcast from the college audi-

torium. Scripts were carefully written by members of the college

faculty; all parts including announcements were done by Fort Valley

teachers and students. For the most part, the programs consisted of

musical dramatizations of educational themes. Speakers of national

prominence were heard on the programs from time to time, including

Robert Bellaire, Agnes Smedley, President F. D. Patterson of Tus-

kegee, and others.



As a result of these programs, our public relations program was greatly strengthened and we feel we made a genuine contribution to the cause of public enlightenment.

At your request, I am giving you the information relative to additional funds needed to achieve equalization by the Fort Valley State College with state universities generally.

TABLE I
ADDITIONAL MONEY NEEDED TO BRING SALARIES FOR VARIOUS RANKS TO NATIONAL AVERAGE

_gj'

.. =~

~.~

pt.,t.,,..

.~=2

'~'.a_"f~":,.~'~.

Professors 1

A.sso. Profs. 1

Asst. Profs. 3

Instructors 17

..=0..
p".,'
0
i~
.P".,".f, ...
~1~
~+-)~
rn".=....."....'.
$ 2,250 2,100
5,950 21,033

..~
;";
<il
"~'en <>t-"f" c=; .~.1.".".4
o..s:; ... .... ...,0
... ... ~f,.t-.:11
Zoe>
$3,851 3,031 2,529 1,909

$ 5,600 4,900 10,500 18,450

TOTAL

$31,332

$39,450

Additionally needed

on:

-basis 1940-1941 staff and salaries..-$15,589.18 -basis 1943-1944 staff and salaries_______________________________

$50,226 $10,776

Over and above these sums, permit me to call to your attention the fact that the plan handed to the regents for the Fort Valley State College under date of August 21, 1943 (see folder, "The Fort Valley

216

State College, A Blueprint for the Future") was estimated on a smaller sized salary scale. Applying the new salary scale to this plan
- for Fort Valley, additional costs would be as follows: . TABLE II

ADDITIONAL MONEY NEEDED TO BRING SALARIES FOR VARIOUS RANKS TO NATIONAL AVERAGE ON THE BASIS OF FACULTY EXPANSION AS PLANNED FOR THE FORT VALLEY STATE COLLEGE

Persons in Rank

1943-1944

Number of Professorial R'ank___ 2

Number, Asso. Professorships__ 2

Number, Asst. Professorships__ 5

Number, lnstructorial Rank_____ 13

Present Cost (Actual)----------------$39,450

Estimated Cost if National

Average Salary Scale is

Adopted ------------------------------------ 50,226

1945-1946 5 3
10 27
$105,181

1946-1947 11
5 10 24

1947-1948 15 6 8 27

$128,622 $143,875

FEES
"If the fees in your institution were cut in half, how much additional money must be appropriated for the years 1945-1946 and 1946-1947 so that your income from this source will equal that income received during 1940-1941 ?"
We received the sum of $13,500 from regular student fees in 1940-1941. Be it noted that through increased enrollment and increased fees, we received approximately $17,000 from regular student fees in 1943-1944, excluding summer school.
If our fees were cut in half for 1940-1941, we would have to receive an additional appropriation of $7,000, on the 1940-1941 basis.
But taking into consideration our increased fees, we would have to have an additional income of $1 0,2 50 if our fees proposed for 1944-1945 were cut in two.

TABLE III

ADDITIONAL MONEY NEEDED FOR GRADUATE WORK IN CERTAIN LIMITED FIELDS, AS SET FORTH IN "FORT VALLEY BLUEPRINT"-BUDGET
1945-1946 1946-1947 1947-1948 1948-1949 Library (Staff) ------------------$ 7,500 $10,000 $10,000 $10,000 Library (books) --------------- 15,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 Laboratory equipment ______ 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,000

217

We are badly run down and have not spent the money on maintenance we should have during the last few years. I therefore give the following estimates:

TABLE IV

EsTIMATED MAINTENANCE COSTS IN POST-WAR YEARS AT THE FORT VALLEY STATE COLLEGE STATED AS ADDITIONS TO CURRENT BUDGET

Additional Maintenance Costs 1945-46 "Catch-up" costs, deferred__________________$ 6,000 Regular additions, due to increased
labor and other costs______________________ 6,000

1946-47 $ 6,000
6,000

1947-48

1948-49

Total, additional maintenance costs..$12,000 $12,000 $6,000 $6,000

TABLE V
TOTAL ESTIMATED ADDITIONAL COSTS FOR OPERATING THE FORT
VALLEY STATE COLLEGE IN 1945-1946 AS COMPARED TO 1940-1941 AND CURRENT

Salaries Paid to Teachers________$31,333 Salaries Paid for
Administration ----------------------- 12,000 Amount Paid for Added
Maintenance --------------------------- 17,000

Amount Spent in
1945-1946, figured onSo. Asso. National
Salaries Averages

(1)

(2)

$83,100 $105,181

22,000 28,000

29,000

Estimated

Increases

over 1940-1941

If

If

(1)

(2)

$51,766 $73,848

10,000 16,000

12,000 12,000

TABLE VI

ESTIMATED ENROLLMENT AT THE FORT VALLEY STATE COLLEGE,
1944-1945 TO 1949-1950, WITH ENROLLMENT FROM 1940-1941 STATED AS BASIS OF PROJECTION

1940- 1941- 1942- 1943- 19441941 1942 1943 1944 1945 Male 102 92 66 29 (29) Female 222 240 259 310 (310) Total 324 332 325 339 (339)
*( ) estimates.

1945-
1946 (150)
(325)
(475)

1946-
1947 (200)
(350)
(550)

19471948 (225) (375)
(600)

1948- 19491949 1950 (275) (325) (400) (425)
(675) (750)

These estimates of enrollment are based on the return to the college of young men now in the Army; and upon a gradual increase of both men and women, if dormitory space is made available.

218

TABLE VII

ESTIMATED BUILDING NEEDS FOR THE FORT VALLEY STATE COLLEGE IN IMMEDIATE POST-WAR YEARS, ASSUMING
ENDOFWARIN 1944-1945

1945- 19461946 1947

19471948

19481949

1. Student Housing ----------------$125,000 $75,000 $100,000 $175,000

2. Health and Physical Education Building ______ 150,000

3. Science Building, including space for Agriculture a n d H o m e Economics laboratories ______
4. Education Building____________

175,000

75,000

5. Music and Fine Arts Building ----------------------

50,000

6. Faculty Housing (Selfliquidating) ------------------- 13,000
7. Library Building______________

13,000

13,000 125,000

13,000

19491950
13,000

TABLE VIII

ADDITIONAL NEEDS, PRINCIPALLY FOR EQUIPMENT, IN SCIENCE, MUSIC AND THE FINE ARTS, HoM'E ECONOMICS, AND FOR THE GROWTH OF THE LIBRARY

19451946

1. Science equipment; Biology, Chemistry, Physics, etc.______$ 5,000

2. Music and the Fine Arts; pianos, music instruments, etc. ----------------------------------------
3. Home Economics -----------------

1,500 2,500

4. Library (books, supplies, etc.) -------------------------------------- 10,000

5. Maintenance equipment; mmoowtoerr-sd,rivsteonkelarsw, netc._________ 7,500

19461947 $ 5,000
1,500 2,500 10,000

19471948
$ 5,000
1,500 2,500 10,000

19481949 $ 5,000
1,500
10,000

19491950 $ 6,000
1,500
10,000

As far as we can now see, these needs are basic in future development. I hope these listings may be incorporated in the planning for the future to be done by the regents of the university system. Trusting that this report will reflect the growing service this institution plans to render to its clientele and to the State of Georgia, I am respectfully,

H. M. BOND, President

219

GEORGIA STATE COLLEGE
Dear Chancellor Sanford:
It gives me pleasureto submif" to you the annual report of the Georgia State College-the land-grant college for Negroes--ending June 30, 1944.
During the past year the college has had to make changes in its program from time to time in order to meet the needs of resident students and students in the war production divisions.
In both the resident and extension activities, we have sought to lend every possible effort towards being of maximum service to war activities.
Our advice and suggestions have been sought on numerous occasions by industrial leaders who are active in the war industry.
We appreciate the cooperation received from all sources.
STUDENT ENROLLMENT
Enrollment at the Georgia State College has continued to show the effect of the war. The enrollment has suffered largely by the loss of young men who have been inducted into various phases of the war activity. Both men and women have remained out of college to do their part in war industry.
The records show that the cumulative enrollment for 1943-44 for the regular college school were from September to June was 456. The summer school for 1943 totals 742. The number of degrees awarded in 1943-44 were 63. Attention may be called to the fact that many of the students who have left the college are showing commendable progress in the Army, Navy, Marines, WACS, and in industry. Many of these students have indicated that at the close of the war, they plan to return to the college in order to continue their education.
Regular students: 1940-41-618; 1941-42-571; 1942-43535; 1943-44-456.
CORRESPONDENCE AND GENERAL EXTENSION
Correspondence enrollment as of July 30, 1943-431; new enrollment as of June 30, 1944-614; combined total-1,045. Enrollments dropped and cancelled, 15 4; total courses completed, 46 6; combined total, 620; total active enrollments, 425.
220

Extension: number of students enrolled m class center, Waycross, Georgia-43.
FACULTY PERSONNEL
During the past year we have had considerable difficulty in retaining members of our staff. This has been due largely to the offer of employment in industry and in other institutions where salaries are much higher than we have been able to pay.
Several members of our staff are studying during the present summer:
Miss Elizabeth Kendrick, University of Minnesota, foreign languages.
Mr. Harold Weaver, Pennsylvania State College, education. Miss Georgia Rutland, Columbia University, home economics. Miss Amy Bailey, Columbia University, home economics. Mr. C. V. Clay, Columbia University, biology and chemistry. Mr. A. C. Curtright, University of Chicago, geography. Mr. J. H. Gadson, Columbia University, business.
It is strongly recommended that our budget be increased so as to provide for an increase in salaries in every phase of our program.
It is suggested that when it is convenient and in the interest of the institution that instructors be allowed scholarship aid in furthering their education in their respective fields.
AGRICULTURE
The resident agricultural program has been handicapped by a shortage of young men, most of whom are now in the armed forces. Dairying, farm shop, poultry raising, and swine industry have all continued to move forward, but with the shortage of students it has been impossible to carry on all of the practical work in the various divisions. With the close of the war, however, it is expected that all of the divisions of agriculture will be filled to capacity.
OFF-CAMPUS AGRICULTURE
Much effective work has been done by Georgia State College during the past year by contacting farm groups in every section of Georgia. The development of interests in beef cattle on the part of
221

Negro 4-H Club boys in Georgia, which has spread to practically every other southern state, got its start from work initiated or sponsored by Georgia State College at Log Cabin Center in Hancock County.
TRADE SCHOOL AND TECHNICAL COLLEGE
With the allocation of much equipment and shop materials from the old N. Y. A. Camp at Jesup-and the addition of approximately $40,000 worth of equipment for shops doing War Production Training, the college is in much better shape to carry forward a program of trade and technical education.
A pressing need at this time is for the housing of the men and women who are expected here to enter these courses. It has been suggested by Chancellor S. V. Sanford that a library building be constructed here in order that all floors of Hill Hall may be equipped to accommodate them. There is immediate need for some kind of effective arrangement to satisfy the men who are expected.
AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION
There is a staff of seven men and women, including office assistants, who head up the work at the Georgia State College. There are over 50 men and women county agents, who serve Negro farm men and women in all sections of Georgia.
Over 33,980 boys and girls were enrolled in 4-H Club work last year. Nearly 100,000 boys and girls in Georgia not enrolled in short course work were furnished valuable information about farming and homemaking.
Every year a winter conference of men and women agents is held at the college, at which time a group of selected farmers are brought together for a week of school in better farming methods.
Every summer approximately 500 boys and girls with their men and women agents come to the college for their annual short course.
The work of the agricultural extension service with the men and women and boys and girls on the farms of the state is one of the most interesting phases of our cooperative activity. The Fat Stock Shows and sale held at practically every section of the state was initiated by the cooperative work of the" Georgia State College and the Negro Agricultural Extension Service. This year the Asso-
222

dation for the Advancement of Negro Country Life awarded several hundred dollars in prizes to .Negro bos and girls for excellence in beef cattle work.
WAR SERVICES We do not have a complete list of all men and women in the armed services. The present list includes most of the men and women serving in the Armed Forces in all parts of the world.
We are especially proud of the record of the college in serving the men and women in the armed services in our area. Our students and teachers have given of their time freely and willingly to make the life of the men and women all that it should be while they are quartered in this area.
The work of students and teachers in the Red Cross War Fund Drive was highly praised by local directors of the Red Cross.

STUDENTS IN THE ARMED FORCES

It has been very difficult to keep an accurate record of the Georgia State College students now in the armed forces. We understand that there is more than two hundred of our students now in some phase of the armed forces. We enclose a partial list of men and women for whom we have an accurate record.

ARMY
Officers _____________ 12 M/Sergeant ________ 3 T ;Sergeant __________ 6 SjSergeant __________ 10 Sergeant ______________3 0 Corporal ______________25 Pfc. ____________________3 0
Private ________________25 MARINE CORPS____ } 0

NAVY
Petty Officer ________ 1
Seaman I1 c__________ 3
Seaman 2jc__________ 2 Yeoman 2/c ________ 1
ARMY AIR CORPS 6
WACS ---------------- 6

SOLDIERS SOCIAL SERVICE
Georgia State College has continued its progressive program in the interests of men and women in the armed forces. The Savannah Soldiers Social Service Center, with equipment valued at nearly $100,000.00 and with a staff of nine people directly affiliated with the Georgia State College, has made a remarkable contribution to the entertainment program of the men and women in the armed forces.

223

Our students have also been largely responsible for actlvtty programs developed here -at the col~ge and carried to the USO centers in Savannah and at the soldiers center at Camp Stewart and at Hunter Field.
The gymnasium at the college has served a great need in the entertainment program for soldiers and defense workers in this area.
The college has also served as headquarters for colored young women who apply for induction in the Women's Army Corps.
AMERICAN RED CROSS
This year for the first time the president of the college was asked to head up the "American Red Cross War Fund Drive" in Savannah and Chatham county. Heretofore colored people had usually contributed a maximum of about $600.00 in cash. This year our students and faculty contributions amounted to over $400.00. The total cash contributions through our office netted nearly $3,000.00. The total amount of contributions received through all agencies amounted to nearly $15,000.00.
INSTRUCTION
Reports are submitted from several of the divisions of the college dealing with progress in instruction in the various divisions during the past year. In all divisions there has been steady and encouraging progress in relating the program to life for Negroes in Georgia. Students have been encouraged to be creative in their outlook on life. In every division there is need for additional laboratory and materials for teaching.
THE IMPROVEMENT OF INSTRUCTION
In addition to the methods of faculty group discussions and student conferences, the college has sought to improve its instruction program through stimulating both faculty and students. The first procedure was that of enriching the life of the students on the campus through a vital activity program. This was done by organizing and developing interest in groups, dramatics, forums, and various types of projects. These served to increase interests of students in the instructional program and to assist students in discovering relationships between their school work and living at the college. On the other hand faculty members were encouraged to develop their fields of interest on a broader basis.
224

The college in another instance has sought to improve instruction through having faculty members meet and work with teachers on the field. Two procedures have been -<followed in this area. Groups of teachers in a nearby county wished to come on week-ends to study in certain areas. These classes were conducted on Friday nights and Saturdays. In this way the courses were intimately related to the work of the teachers, and the faculty members gained insight into the nature of the adjustment needed in the courses. The other plan carried the instructors to a county to work with emergency teachers who had been brought into the profession on account of war conditions. This experience was especially valuable in giving experience in organizing programs in terms of the needs of teachers at work. It furnished the instructors with a real problem of integration.
The third type of program included visits and conferences by both faculty members and student groups with whole school faculties and county teacher groups. Groups of students and teachers made. trips to several schools where they discussed problems related to teaching and working in the respective communities. The in-service teachers revealed both strengths and weaknesses in their training and preparation. Bringing the faculties of several counties to the college made it possible for larger numbers of teachers and students to get acquainted with the real problems of living and working in the area surrounding the college.
HOME ECONOMICS FACTS 1943-44
Total enrollment, 118, 4-year college.
Decrease in enrollment as compared with 1942-43, 9/100%, mostly in upper grades. Possible causes: Jobs in defense plants, teaching positions, marriage.
Graduates (including summer of 1944) 17, all placed for work next year who desired work.
CURRICULUM REVISIONS
In addition to specific changes made in clothing, foods, and nutrition, child development, and family relationship courses to cope with problems growing out of war time living, courses in home nursing and school lunch room management have been added as special features to our curriculum this year.
225

EQUIPMENT ADDED
Four second-hand treadle Sin~ machines from the NYA equipment furnished the college from Jesup, Georgia.
IMMEDIATE NEEDS
Home management house.
Enlarged space and facilities for classroom work.
Equipment and utensils foods department.
REPORT OF THE SCIENCE DIVISION
The science division of Georgia State College gave basic training in science to practically all of the students.
Home economics and agricultural students acquired skills, gained worthwhile experiences, and acquired attitudes from courses offered in the field of science. Future nurses, pharmacists, physicians, dentists, and technicians were also trained in science. Three persons who majored in science completed their degree requiremnts for graduation during 1943-44.
Over five hundred dollars worth of equipment and materials were added to the department during the year.
Two instructors attended the meeting of science teachers in Negro schools held at Camp John Hope. The instructor of biology aided the cause of health by counseling students and managing the Red Cross campaign in Chatham county.
With the establishment of a state vocational trade school, a wider field for the application of science at Georgia State College will be presented.
THE LIBRARY 1943-44
We have stressed the technical processes of library administration this term. With the help of a part-time library assistant, we have been able to fully classify and catalogue over 1,000 of the older books in addition to working the new acquisitions. For the next year we will be chiefly concerned with this cataloguing.
We have organized our book collection so that this fall we will be able to set up a separate section for reference work. Since our last report we have bought many more new reference tools. Our work
226

on the binding of back numbers of magazines has gone steadily forward. To keep these volumes up to date we are now subscribing to 134 periodicals and 14 newspapers.- With the aid of the Education Index, the Readers Guide to Periodical Literature, and the Agricultural Index, these volumes and numbers of periodicals are making a goodly contribution to an efficient library service.
Although much recreational reading on the lighter side is being done by the students as a whole, there is a marked increase in the demands for the more thought provoking type of literature. Today, of course, the stress is being put on Peace and Post-War Goals. A reading club organized and directed by the president of the college has considerably influenced the students in this direction.
The circulation shows a slight increase over last year. The reserve book circulation was 38,642. This increase might be due in part to the addition of duplicate copies of some of the most used titles. The circulation for 7 day and 14 day books was 7,213.
We have added 769 books during the year. Taking into account discards and books lost, our collection now totals 11,356.
To take care of our growing collection we were fortunate in securing five standard oak-finished double-faced freestanding stacks of two sections each. These shelves will hold approximately 4,000 volumes.

WAR PRODUCTION TRAINING SCHOOL

TOTAL EXPENSE FOR INSTRUCTION AND SUPERVISION 1943
Ship Carpentry and Woodworking______________________________$ 3,207.69 Ship Plumbing and Pipe Fitting______________________________________ 2,855.33 Ship Welding Electric_____________________________________________________ 11,267.92 Ship Cutting Gas_______________________________________________________________ 4,755.42 Automotive Mechanics ________________________________:_____________________ 2,887.67
Total Cost of Instruction________________________________________________________ $24,974.03 Total Cost of Supervision________________________________________________________ 3,505.49
TotaL___________________________________________________________________________________ $28,479.52

TOTAL NUMBER OF ENROLLEES

Male Ship Carpentry ------------------------------------------------------- 56 Ship Plumbing -------------------------------------------------------- 41 Ship Welding Electric_____________________________________________ 200 Ship Cutting Gas______________________________________________________ 51 Automotive Mechanics ----------------------------------------- 71

Female
8 0 0 29 0

Total______________________________________________________________ 419

37

Total 64 41 200 80 71
456

227

TOTAL NUMBER OF GRADUATES

__

_

Male

Ship Carpentry -------------------------------------------------------- 15 SShhiipp PWluelmdibnigngEl-e-c-tr-ic-_--_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_--_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_--_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_--_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_--_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_--_ 9140
Ship Cutting Gas--------------------------------------------------- 22 Automotive Mechanics -------------------------------------- 11

Female
0 0 0 10 0

Total
15 10 94 32 11

152

10

162

EMPLOYMENT RECORD Ship Carpentry and Woodworking_______________________________________________________ 9 Ship Plumbing and Pipe Fitting________________________________________________________ 6
SShhiipp WCuetltdiinngg GEasl_e_c__t_r_i_C__-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-__-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-__-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-__-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-__-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_ 8192
Automotive Mechanics ------------------------------------------------------------------- 8

Total------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 124
Respectfully submitted,

BENJAMIN F. HUBERT, President

AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION SERVICE
WALTERS. BROWN, Director
REPORT TO THE CHANCELLOR FOR 1943-44
GENERAL
We welcome this opportunity to give you our appraisal of the current and forthcoming problems of Georgia farmers as we see them, and outlining what we believe the more valuable contributions the /Agricultural Extension Service can make toward their solution.
In the first place, it is necessary to recognize that agriculture in this state has undergone some highly significant, and in some instances, drastic readjustments within comparatively recent years. These adjustments have by no means been uniform in all sections of the state. They have been much more severe in some sections than in others, and the problems incident to farm reorganization have therefore been much more difficult in some sections.
It has long been recognized that the more fundamental problems of Georgia farmers have been:
First-The pressure of farm population on farm land. There are almost twice as many people per hundred acres of cropland in Georgia as for the United States as a whole. This situation has led to a host of problems, the most important of which has been the fact that we have had to use our cropland so intensively as to result in the destruction of a large part of its fertility.
228

Second-Low productive capacity of cropland.
The crop index in Georgia (awrage per acre crop yields in Georgia expressed as a percentage of average per acre crop yields for the United States) is only 45 percent of the national crop index.
Third-High percentage and high mobility of tenants.
Sixty percent of all farmers in Georgia in 1940 were tenants of one kind or another and about half these tenants had not been on the same land as long as two years in succession.
Fourth-Low income per capita of farm population.
As a result, primarily of the three foregoing problems, the cash income per capita of farm population in Georgia is only about half the average for the United States.
The program of the Georgia Agricultural Extension Service has always been designed toward the solution of these problems. Since the welfare of farm people and nonfarm people is so directly related in this state, it is highly important to nonfarm people, also, that these problems be solved.
There has been no conflict between prewar and wartime objectives of the Extension Service. Neither is there any conflict between wartime objectives and postwar objectives. The ultimate objective of all Extension work is a more abundant life for all people on all Georgia farms.
The immediate wartime objective of this organization is, of course, to render every possible assistance to Georgia farm people in making their utmost contribution toward winning the war. The Agricultural Extension Service has been given certain very definite duties and responsibilities, in addition to its regular activities. These wartime assignments, together with a brief description and summary of results thus far accomplished, are:
(1) Emergency Food Production, Conservation, and Use Program.
The Agricultural Extension Service was designated by the United States Department of Agriculture as the official agency through which all educational aspects of the Wartime Agricultural Production Goals Program would be channeled. This assignment involved an aggressive educational campaign through a series of state, district, county, and community meetings, designed to acquaint every farm
229

family throughout the state with agriculture's responsibility in the war effort and the part which every farm family was expected to play in this effort.
As one indication of the accomplishments of this program, the acreage of peanuts, which is a highly valuable wartime crop, was increased from 650,000 in 1941 to 1,152,000 in 1943. The victory garden campaign, which was a part of the Production Goals Program, resulted in the planting of 325,000 gardens in the state, which is about 100,000 more than are normally planted.
The production, conservation and wise use of food supplies is an urgent goal for every family. Extension workers gave help to town and city families as well as farm families. Both rural and urban families have canned and stored otherwise more food than ever before.
Georgia farmers have surpassed, in the aggregate, the food production goals which have been assigned to this state in each year since the outbreak of the war. This has been accomplished in spite of serious shortages of labor, machinery, fertilizer and supplies.
(2) The Emergency Farm Labor Program
The Agricultural Extension Service was given the responsibility of recruitment and placement of intra-state farm labor to assist farmers in the attainment of production goals. This program was conducted as a cooperative activity. The Extension Service worked closely with all agencies, groups and individuals in carrying out its responsibility of helping farmers to secure their labor requirements and utilize all available machinery and other materials to the best possible advantage.
Indicative of the accomplishments of this program in 1943 are the following facts:
(a) A total of 133,032 volunteer workers were placed on Georgia farms to help with farm operations. Of this number, 38,817 were men, 38,701 were women, and 55,514 were youth.
(b) Some 30,000 individuals volunteered their assistance to farmers independent of the organized placement program but as a result of the educational program on farm labor.
(c) A total of 6,545 prisoners of war were placed on farms to help with special jobs, principally harvesting peanuts.
230

(d) A total of 4,401 workers were recruited and referred to counties other than their cOU!J:ties of .re!idence within the state.
(e) An organized program for exchanging labor, machinery and equipment was conducted in 956 communities, and 46,395 farms were given assistance in this way.
(3) The State Nutrition Council
Presidents of land-grant colleges throughout the country appointed the chairman and scientific advisory committee to develop a national nutrition program for the war effort, to strengthen and promote nutrition activities. Georgia's nutrition committee has been under the chairmanship of the state home demonstration agent, with representation from 42 state groups and agencies, with 143 of the counties organized with functioning county-wide committees. These committees are offering constructive help to Georgia people through study of food production, supplies and labor and distribution, the conservation and wise use of food.
The emergency activities outlined, together with all the regular activities of the Extension Service, have been carried on in spite of the loss of 79 workers to the armed services and the loss of a good many others to higher paying agencies and organizations. The maintenance of adequately qualified personnel to carry on effective extension work under wartime conditions has been a major problem.
In addition to the immediate objective of rendering every possible assistance to farm people under wartime conditions, the Agricultural Extension Service has the definite responsibility of assisting farm people to prepare for adjustments which must be made after the war. Among the long-time Extension activities which should be emphasized and expanded to assist farmers in meeting postwar adjustments are:
( 1) Adjustments in land use and in farm organization.
(2) Continued and expanded emphasis upon soil conservation and improvement to increase crop and livestock yields.
(3) Intensification of efforts to bring about more satisfactory tenure arrangements.
( 4) Emphasis upon establishment of adequate reserves of cash or its equivalent while demand and prices are high, to help absorb the shock of reduced demand and lower prices.
(5) Continued emphasis and expansion of efforts in connection wit~ food production, conservation and use.
231

(6) Expanded emphasis on the production of feed crops and pasture to keep pace with- expansioM in livestock development.
(7) A program to assist livestock producers in the wider use of artificial insemination. (In cooperation with the research departments.)
(8) Intensification of efforts to develop the sweet potato crop as a source of cash, for human consumption and for livestock feed.
(9) Expansion of peanut dusting as a practice to improve peanut yields. (In cooperation with the experiment station.)
( 10) Emphasis upon widespread use of adapted types of farm machinery. and construction of more adequate farm buildings.
(11) Expansion of 4-H Club work so that the annual enrollment may be doubled at least.
(12) Development of a program of study for Extension workers for their professional improvement.
COORDINATION AND INTEGRATION OF AGRICULTURAL WORK
Since the passage of the Smith-Lever Act in 1914. it has been one of the tenets of the Agricultural Extension Service to maintain a cordial spirit of cooperation with other units of the university system and with other agencies and organizations working toward the improvement of the well-being of Georgia people. This organization is a cooperative agency. It is supported by federal. state and local funds, and is administered by the Extension director under the memoranda of understanding and agreement of federal. state and local authorities. There has never been a time in the history of the Agricultural Extension Service in this state when the spirit of understanding and cooperation among the units of the university system has been more pronounced than at present. Working committees of specialists from the various institutions on various types of subject matter have been organized and functioning for many years. For example, we have the livestock committee, the agronomy committee, and the cotton improvement committee. The members of these committees understand each other and the programs of the institutions they represent, and they are all working cooperatively toward the same objectives. It would be unfortunate, indeed, to disrupt by administrative procedure this working relationship which has proved by experience to be successful. Varying types of administrative organiza-
232

tions are found in other states but I sincerely doubt that they are getting better results. It is my honest belief that any significant change in administrative policy or fiscal procedure which might be designed to bring about a greater degree of coordination among the agricultural units of the system, would do more harm than good.
FINANCES
The fact that there are so many counties in Georgia as compared with other Southern states has made the equitable distribution of available state and federal funds to counties a very difficult matter. A comparison of Georgia with the neighboring states of North Carolina and Alabama will serve to illustrate this point. Georgia has 159 counties, while North Carolina has 100, and Alabama has only 67. For the fiscal year 1942-43, the total funds from all sources spent for Extension work per county in Georgia was $5,093 as compared with $10,288 per county in North Carolina, and $14,201 per county in Alabama. Since the allotment of federal funds is apparently fixed, the amount of money available for Extension work per county depends very largely upon funds from state sources.
NEEDS OF THE GEORGIA AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION SERVICE IN ORDER TO MEET THE DEMANDS OF FARM PEOPLE IN CARRYING ON AN EDUCATIONAL FARM PROGRAM
1. Seventy-five assistant county agricultural agents, $180,000. Assistant agents are urgently needed in the larger counties to assist county agents with the development of the Extension program, particularly 4-H Club work.
2. Fifty assistant home demonstration agents, $105,000. Assistant home agents are needed in the larger counties to help with the home demonstration program and to expand 4-H Club work.
3. Additional specialists:
One dairy specialist-salary and travel, $4,000. We now have one dairy specialist and the demand from dairymen and the increasing dairy interest creates the need for additional help in this field.
One horticultural specialist--salary and travel, $4,000. We have only one horticultural specialist. Another specialist is needed to assist with the production of fruits, truck crops and victory gardens.
233

One plant pathologist-salary and travel, $4,000. We have no plant pathologist. A plant pathologist is needed to furnish information to farm people on the control of the many plant diseases.
One entomologist-salary and travel, $4,000. We have no entomologist. There is a definite need for an entomologist to assist in insect control and to work with the bee and honey industry of the state.
One swine specialist-salary and travel, $4,000. We have no swine specialist at the present time. Two were formerly employed. One is now serving in the armed forces and the other resigned to take another job. We need an additional man even after the one in the Army returns.
One agricultural engineer-salary and travel, $4,000. We now have only one agricultural engineer. Another is needed very badly in order to serve the state adequately.
One rural electrification specialist-salary and travel, $4,000. At the present we have one rural electrification engineer who is employed jointly by the Extension Service and the TVA. Another is needed to assist farmers with their electrical problems.
One agronomist-salary and travel, $4,000. We need an additional agronomist to devote his time to pasture development and the production of feed crops in connection with the other phases of our rapidly expanding livestock program.
One extension forester-salary and travel, $4,000. An additional forester is urgently needed to assist in the development of the state's forest resources.
One forester, cooperative employee on naval stores-salary and travel, $2,000. We have only one Extension forester, who is employed jointly on Norris-Doxey and Extension funds. Due to the importance and magnitude of the forestry program in Georgia, we need an additional full-time Extension forester and an assistant forester in naval stores work who would be paid jointly by the Extension Service and the Bureau of Agricultural and Industrial Chemistry.
One assistant state 4-H Club man-salary and travel, $4,000.
One assistant state 4-H Club woman-salary and travel, $3,600. At the present time we have only two men and two women workers on the state 4-H Club staff to assist the county workers in
234

carrying on the 4-H program in this state. We definitely need one additional man and one additional woman on the 4-H Club staff.
One marketing specialist in poultry-salary and travel, $4,000. We need an additional marketing specialist to devote full time to marketing poultry and eggs.
One agricultural economist-salary and travel, $4,000. We have only one man at the present time working on farm management and other subjects in the field of agricultural economics. Another trained worker is needed.
4. Five additional supervisors-salary and travel, $21,360. To do a complete job of close supervision which is highly essential with the large number of workers, we need two additional men and two additional women supervisors and one additional Negro man to assist the state Negro supervisor.
5. To provide funds for retirement system and for some increases in salaries, $75,000.
As we understand it, the Extension Service will be required to contribute to the retirement fund for Extension workers in accordance with the provisions of the 1943 retirement act. Since we do not have any surplus funds, it will be necessary to work out some financial arrangement to meet this obligation. We estimate that the cost will be approximately $30,000.
At the present time we have many capable workers who are devoting their lives to Extension work. Many of these people are capable of receiving higher salaries in other fields of endeavor, but they like the work and feel that they are rendering a service. Nevertheless, we lost many of our most capable people because of our inability to meet competition from other agencies and commercial enterprises. We should have outstanding personnel in every county in Georgia, people who are capable of furnishing leadership in the field of agriculture. An outstanding county or home demonstration agent or specialist requires outstanding ability, and hard work.
During the past four or five years, since the cost of living has been rising and wages in general have been increased, our people have continued on at practically the same salary. There have been some minor increases but we have not been able to increase salaries at all in keeping with the increase in cost of living, nor the increase of salaries and wages in other lines of work. All of the emergency funds which have been appropriated by Washington for increased wartime activi-
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ties have been earmarked for expansion and we were forbidden to use any such funds for increa~ing salarits even though the duties of our regular workers have been greatly enlarged. If we are to carry on an effective program and maintain the leadership that Extension is expected to provide, it is essential that we be in a position where we will not continually lose our best workers. We are, therefore, adding our request for funds-approximately $45,000-specifically for the purpose of making some increases in the salaries of our employees. This is not a large amount but it would be a tremendous help in keeping up the morale of the people in the organization. Total for present and postwar needs, $434,~60.
GENERAL STATEMENT
In submitting the above statement, we realize that it is impos- . sible to get personnel at the present time to fill all the positions for which we are asking funds. There are some positions at the present time, however, which could be filled. We also need money to increase present salaries.
If Extension is to maintain its position of leadership among the agencies of the government and among farm people, it will have to have adequately trained personnel. We would, therefore, like for this request to be considered on the basis of making a portion of the funds available at the present time, in addition to our present appropriations from the state, and getting authorization for increased appropriations in the amounts requested above for expansion just as soon as the personnel and funds are available.
GEORGIA COASTAL PLAIN EXPERIMENT STATION
GEO. H. KING, Director
REPORT TO THE CHANCELLOR FOR 1943-44
GENERAL
The Georgia Coastal Plain Experiment Station carries on agricultural research directly applicable to three-fifths of the farming area of the State of Georgia. In this area all of the commercial tobacco crop of the state is grown. The production of vegetable
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plants for shipment is limited largely to this area. Practically all of the peanuts and a greater part of the pecan and truck crops of the state are produced in the co.astal plii:ri': The bulk of the livestock industry and the greater part of the lumber and naval stores industries of Georgia are in this same section. Also produced in this extensive coastal plain area are a large part of the state's production of cotton, corn, and small grain. Slightly over one-half of the farmers of the state are found in this area, producing 60 percent of the state's agricultural income.
COOPERATING AGENCIES
Located in the heart of the coastal plain of the Southeast, the station has its findings adapted to the conditions of that section. This causes many of the federal agencies to set up cooperative projects with the station. These agencies include the Bureau of Plant Industry, Soils. and Agricultural Engineering, the Bureau of Animal Industry, the Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine, and the Forest Service. Also carrying on cooperative activities with the station are the state college of agriculture, the Georgia Experiment Station, the Agricultural Extension Service, and others.
FEDERAL
Federal cooperation is of great benefit to the station. Twenty technical workers are paid either fully or in part by the federal government, while the state pays either fully or in part the salaries of eleven men. These figures do not include the semi-technical employees and secretarial help. many of whom are paid from federal funds. Without this aid the state appropriation to this station would, at least, have to be doubled.
OBJECTIVES
The major objective of all experiments at the station 1s the increasing of the farm income on coastal plain farms.
A second objective. which luckily goes hand in hand with the first. is to aid in winning the war. It should be pointed out that the increased yield of crops and livestock has been a longtime development on the part of agricultural experiment stations everywhere. This development is. now paying off. At the present time these increased yields not only are raising the income of the farmer but also are being of direct benefit in winning the war. The Georgia Coastal Plain
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Experiment Station through its experiments has played and is playing an important part in this contribution.
AGRONOMY
In the field of agronomy skilled agronomists are working to discover the most economical methods of increasing the production and of improving the quality of cotton, corn, peanuts, tobacco, grasses and pastures, legume crops, and small grains. Tests are made to discover the best varieties, to ascertain the most efficient fertilizers, and to determine the proper methods of controlling insects and diseases. Through the breeding program, new varieties and hybrids are being developed, and also old varieties are being improved through careful selection.
LIVESTOCK
The station for a number of years has been stressing the importance of livestock and has conducted many experiments with beef cattle, dairy cattle, and swine. All of the experiments have as their objective the economical production of livestock and livestock products. South Georgia during the past ten years has rapidly developed its livestock program. This has been due to a large extent to the proximity of packing plants and to increasing prices. The station assumes some credit also in that many of the practices prevalent over the area have been developed at the station.
The chancellor and the Board of Regents authorized the purchase of 1223.3 acres of land in Berrien County near Alapaha, Georgia, which brings our total acreage there to approximately 2700 acres. This is known as the range grazing project and is carried on in cooperation with the U. S. Department of Agriculture Bureau of Animal Industry, and the Forest Service. This tract is fairly typical of the cut-over forest lands of south Georgia that are used so extensively by cattlemen. On this project methods of range and cattle management and the correlation of cattle and timber production are being studied. A field day was held for county agents of southeast Georgia on May 24 on this project where the results of supplemental winter feeding and the controlled burning of pasture areas were studied.
The station has added during the year possibly the best bred herd of Angus cattle in the South. This herd was made possible by the cooperation of the Board of Regents and the American Aberdeen-
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Angus Breeders Association. This herd should be the source of much fine breeding stock for the Angus growers of the state.
LIBRARY
During the year we have given special attention to the development of the library. We now have a full time librarian. The budget has been increased for the purchase of scientific books and research journals.
DISSEMINATION OF INFORMATION
Hundreds of farmers and professional agricultural workers visit the station each year. In addition to their research work, station workers assist in short course work at the Abraham Baldwin Agricultural College and several do part time teaching at the college. The annual reports and bulletins are used by agricultural teachers over south Georgia in the teaching of their classes. Our mailing list contains nearly I 0,000 names. During the year the following bulletins have been published:
No. 36-Twenty Third Annual Report. No. 37-Native Forage Plants of Cutover Forest Lands in the
Coastal Plain of Georgia. No. 38-Tobacco Plant Production in the Coastal Plain of
Georgia. No. 39-Fertilizing Type 62 Shade Tobacco.
Mimeographed material on the following subjects have been mailed this year:
No. 22-Weed Control in Tobacco Plant Beds with Cyanamid and Uramon.
No. 23-Gas Treatment for Blue Mold Control in Tobacco Plant Beds.
No. 24-Creosoting Fence Posts for the Farm. No. 25-Fertilizers for South Georgia Field Crops in 1944. No. 26-Leaf Spot Control for Increased Peanut Yields. No. 27-Establishing the Coastal Bermuda Grass Nursery. No. 28-Production and Storage of Sweet Potatoes for the
Seed Piece Method of Planting.
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The director and members of the staff appeared before approxi~ mately fifty civic clubs '!P.d ten. professional societies. About 75 articles were written for use by secular or scientific publications.
All of the county agents of south Georgia met in a two~day short course to study the latest findings of the station. A number of county agents have brought delegations of farmers from their counties to study the work of the station.
In cooperation with the Agricultural Extension Service two programs on tobacco were given over a south Georgia radio hook~up.
SUMMARY OF RESULTS OF TWENTY~FIVE YEARS
In November, 1944, the station will have been established twenty~five years. Some of the outstanding accomplishments of these years are given:
CAPITAL ADDITIONS: The station was started in 1919. There were only 206 acres of land, of which 16 acres had been cleared and in cultivation; 20 additional acres were in cultivation but had not been stumped. The remainder was in cut~over land and swamp. There was one dwelling house on the place.
At the present time there are 2000 acres of land at the station proper, consisting of 1000 acres in cultivation and the remainder in improved woodland and pasture. The station owns 2700 acres in Berrien County near Alapaha, 425 acres near Attapulgus in Decatur County, and 60 acres 12 miles south of Tifton in Cook County. This makes a total of over 5,000 acres of land owned by the station. The station now has 101 buildings valued at $300,000.
Research work is slow and often years must elapse before the value of an experiment station is realized. Some of the contributions made by the Georgia Coastal Plain Experiment Station throughout the years indicate the reason for the growth of the station and also give an .indication of the value of its contributions.
1. As early as 1922 the station reported that its experimental data showed carpet grass, Dallis grass, and lespedeza to be an out~ standing combination for lowland pastures. The use of this combination with slight variations has increased until it has become the ac~ cepted lowland pasture for the coastal plain of Georgia.
2. Out of the work done over the years by the station in fertiliz~ ing pastures has come data which prove definitely that higher returns
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in pounds of beef per acre may be obtained from the use of fertilizer on grasses commonly used in this area. Ten years' experiments have shown that fertilized pasture&. yield app_toximately four times as much beef per acre as pastures not fertilized.
3. The station, many years ago, recognized the potential possi~ bility of using Bermuda grass as a grazing crop rather than to con~ sider it as a pest. As a result of the station's grass breeding program a superior strain of Bermuda, Coastal Bermuda, is now being dis~ tribut~d to farmers.
4. A Sudan grass has been developed that is highly resistant to disease.
5. A cold resistant strain of Bahia grass has been developed at the station which is especially good for the light soils of south Georgia.
6. It was through the Georgia Coastal Plain Experiment Station in 19 24 that the Austrian winter pea was introduced as a valuable soil building crop. During 1943, 6,500,000 pounds of Austrian winter pea seed (enough to plant over 200,000 acres) were planted in Georgia.
7. A rotation showing the benefits and comparative values of winter legumes has been carried on for 17 years by the station.
8. Kudzu was planted at the station in February, 1921. Sys~ tematic experiments to determine the economical value as a farm crop were started in 1930.
9. Tobacco research at the station was initiated with the intro~ duction of the enterprise in south Georgia. Through the assistance and influence of the station a $20,000,000 farm income has been developed from this source. Fertilizer mixers follow the recommen~ dations of the station in mixing fertilizers. Farmers follow the vari~ ous practices recommended by the station. Also, as a result of research at the station, control measures for blue mold on tobacco beds have been 'fOrked out and are in general use by tobacco growers. The first control measure generally accepted was announced by the station in 1937. During that year this disease threatened to wipe out the tobacco business in south Georgia.
10. The station does a greater amount of research work on the nutritional problems of shade tobacco than any station in the South.
11. Through research work at the station it was found that the coastal plain area was strikingly deficient in plant nutrients. As a result of this research the potash content of commercial fertilizer
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used in south Georgia has increased from 2 or 3 percent to 6 or 8
- percent and in some instances to 10 percent. 12. A superior strain" of cotton, Station 21, has been introduced as an outgrowth of the station's cotton breeding program.
13. A pure strain of rust-proof oats has been developed and is being distributed.
14. The station in cooperation with the Georgia Experiment Station has experimented with and promoted the use of sulphur and copper-sulphur dusts on peanuts in order to control leaf-spot. Experiments show the yield of nuts to be increased 25 per cent and the yield of hay 50 per cent through the use of either of the dusts. Through this practice the farmer can possibly make more profit on peanuts than through any other single practice.
15. The station has developed a system of planting annual forage crops that supplement permanent pastures, thereby furnishing a year round grazing program for both cattle and hogs.
16. The station as early as 1921 mentioned the possibility of year-round hogging-off crops and has developed in recent years a succession of crops that enable hogs to be run in fields from weaning until marketing time.
17. The station has developed a purebred Polled Hereford herd of national reputation.
18. The station has developed a dairy herd held in high esteem by dairymen because of its breeding and production. In 10 years the average production per cow has been increased 2,000 pounds.
19. This station is looked upon as the outstanding authority on the seed-piece method of planting sweet potatoes.
20. In this leading tomato plant area of the South, the station has established certain practices which add greatly to the success of this business. Disease control, crop rotations, improved harvesting and packing methods, and shipping under controlled temperature conditions are some of the problems with which the station has helped the plant grower.
21. Research at the station has developed a practical method of nematode and disease control through crop rotation.
22. It was through research work by the station that the truck crops were established on the delta soils of the Atlantic coast. This work was done during the years 1927 to 1941 on Butler Island. The
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commercial crop of lettuce now grown on those soils is a result of this work.
23. Management, cultural practices, and rotations have been introduced on many farm crops, resulting in decreased amounts of diseases and insects and consequent increases in yields.
24. Since the establishment of the station the staff has recognized the necessity of ~oil conservation and soil conservation practices have been promoted as the primary means of increasing and sustaining yields.
25. One of the main contributions of the station has been in determining that certain crops and varieties were not adapted to the coastal plain. Oftentimes a negative finding is as valuable as a positive finding and much money and time have been saved the farmers by the station in proving the undesirability of such crops.
While some of these facts are included in the body of the annual report, this summary should emphasize the value of the Georgia Coastal Plain Experiment Station to the farmers of the coastal plain of Georgia.
NEEDS OF THE EXPERIMENT STATION
The scope of work done and the area served by this station were pointed out in the first paragraph qf this report. In view of these facts the station should be in position to serve more adequately its patrons. The chancellor and the Board of Regents have been most considerate during the year, having purchased additional land at Alapaha and having allocated $5,000 toward the purchase of an Angus herd. Out of current funds the Station has assisted the college in the installation of a central water system and has made other minor improvements.
The following are additional needs that should be met as soon as funds are available:
(a) Greenhouse. Plant breeding work could be considerably facilitated by additional greenhouse space. One to three years' time in plant breeding is often gained by the use of the greenhouse. Provision was made in the original plans for the erection of a companion house to the one now in use. The cost of such a greenhouse is estimated to be $5,000.
(b) Diagnostic Laboratory for Animal Diseases. This Station could not render a further greater service to the farmers of Georgia,
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and especially the farmers of south Georgia, than to operate a diagnostic laboratory. The farmers of. sooth Georgia are losing thousands of dollars worth of livestock every year because of diseases. The disease itself and the reason for the trouble cannot be properly diagnosed ~xcept under laboratory conditions. We have no setup in the state to carry on such diagnostic work. Individual farmers in south Georgia lose from 50 to 100 head of hogs each year from unknown causes. As this report is being written farmers in counties adjoining Tift are losing hogs by the hundreds due to an epidemic which has not been diagnosed. A laboratory set-up at this station might have prevented these losses.
Work of this sort will fit right in with our swine and animal parasite work that is already in progress. The laboratory in mind will deal with all diseases of livestock.
We will need an equipped diagnostic laboratory here at the station which will probably cost $4,000 for equipment. We can very well start with one man and a helper in the laboratory, but will eventually need an additional man. The personnel will cost $8,000 per year. There should be a special allotment for equipment of $4,000 plus an $8,000 annual appropriation for maintenance.
(c) Five additional cottages for white labor are needed. These would cost approximately $2,500 each. Four additional cottages for Negro laborers also are needed. These would cost approximately $1,500 each. Due to our distance from town it is almost imperative that we provide houses for our laborers.
From the standpoint of personnel, the following are needed to meet the demands of our people:
I. In the greatest bee raising section of the Southeast, we need an apiarist to do essential research in bee culture. This area ships many package bees and the southeastern section of the state has quite an industry in honey production. The only stations in the South are in Louisiana and Texas. Our bee growers are not being serviced adequately. $5,000 added to our annual appropriation would enable us to carry on this work. Federal authorities have been approached and seem highly favorable toward placing an apiarist at the station.
2. We are one of the few experiment stations without a research specialist in farm management. This is an essential need and this department should be established here. This will possibly have to be done with state funds and about $8,000 should be set up annually for this department.
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3. At the present time we are in need of a department of soils and engineering. Soil conservation experiments, soil type studies and their relation to plant growth, and engineering experiments with machinery in connection with the maintenance of soil fertility are needed to answer the many problems along these lines of which the farmer is now fully aware. An initial annual appropriation of $8,000 should be set up with $6,000 available per year in succeeding years.
4. A general entomologist is needed. We have an entomologist who is limited to boll weevil control, but each year brings more requests for identification of and treatment for the insect pests that damage the crops and cost the farmers thousands of dollars. Such a department could be maintained with an annual appropriation of $5,000.
These needs to be filled call for a special appropriation for equipment of $10,000 and an annual increase in our appropriation of $34,000, making the station appropriation $102,000 instead of the present $68,000 appropriation.
The station staff joins the director in expressing appreciation to the chancellor and the Board of Regents for their interest and generous consideration shown during the year. We pledge our best efforts toward seeing that our main objective, increased profit for farmers of south Georgia, is attained.
GEORGIA EXPERIMENT STATION
H. P. STUCKEY, Director
REPORT TO THE CHANCELLOR FOR 1943-44
GENERAL
The work of the Georgia Experiment Station was further streamlined during the past year to meet the war needs of the country. Projects were revised to give greater assistance to all citizens of the state in their efforts to produce more as an aid to winning the war.
Many group meetings of farmers, county agents, soil conservation specialists, and other workers were held at Experiment and at the Mountain Branch Experiment Station near Blairsville to acquaint the individuals with the latest results of the experiments as a means of spreading the information to all parts of the state.
The Georgia Experiment Station has had excellent cooperation from other state and federal agencies which has been most effective in serving agriculture and related interests throughout the state.
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At the Mountain Experiment Station a community cannery and dehydrator have been maintained to enable the local people to can and dry fruits, vegetables; and meats which have been of material assistance in supplying food during the winter. The growing of the various truck crops such as beans, cabbage, tomatoes, turnips, and carrots, has been emphasized and the results given out to the people.
The farmers in the mountainous section of north Georgia find it difficult to winter their cattle economically. Two trench silos were filled with a mixture of 80 percent sorghum bagasse and 20 percent green soybean plants, both being chopped with a silage cutter and mixed in the silo. To one silo was added 16 pounds of Tennessee Valley Authority fused rock phosphate per ton of silage and to the other silo was added one gallon of liquid orthophosphoric acid per ton. Adult cows fed all they would eat of this silage mixture plus two pounds of cottonseed meal and six pounds of soybean hay per day continued to make small gains all through the winter rather than losing weight as is customary when they are not so well fed.
PEANUTS
A study of peanut diseases, including seed treatments to improve germination, was started at the Georgia Experiment Station during the 1928 season. While the seed-treatment tests indicated great improvement in germination, such seed-treatment was not recommended for use by growers until some years later when yield tests showed definitely that destruction of seed-borne nodule bacteria caused no adverse effect on yield. Because of the difficulty in controlling certain diseases of the peanut, the development of disease resistant varieties was suggested and a breeding program was started in 19 31 and is still in progress.
In connection with the breeding work the station chemists determined the protein and oil content and characteristics of the oil from the hybrid selections and this work has led to more detailed study and checking of the chemical and physical properties of peanut protein and oil.
As other questions in regard to peanut production and utilization were presented new lines of work were initiated including:
1. Breeding.
2. Disease control.
3. Seed-treatment, seed type, and spacing studies.
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4. Variety tests.
5. Fertilizer tests.
6. Processing.
7. Nutritional value of peanut meal; using pigs, chickens, and white rats as test animals.
8. Composition and physical properties of peanut protein.
9. Vitamin studies.
10. Production cost of peanuts.
11. Distribution in Georgia of soil types suited to commercial production of peanuts.
In order to hasten solution of these questions cooperative relations have been established with the United States Department of Agriculture, the Georgia Coastal Plain Experiment Station, the Tennessee Valley Authority, and the National Peanut Council; and notable progress has been made along all lines of study.
In the breeding work a high yielding strain of the small white Spanish was developed and distributed to growers under the name "G.F.A. Spanish." One hybrid strain that has shown indications of being superior to any of the old varieties for oil production is being increased this year and will be distributed to growers at an early date. In 16 tests during the past four years it has given an average yield of about 100 pounds of shelled seed above the yield of the best strains of Spanish with an oil content two to three percent higher than Spanish. Characteristics of some white seeded hybrid strains indicate the possibility of greatly extending the utilization of peanuts through manufacture of an excellent colorless glue and of a textile fiber from the extracted protein, and of a peanut butter superior m nutrition values.
In the seed treatment, seed type, and spacing tests, No. 1 seed of both Spanish and runners have given significantly higher yields than "pegs." Maximum yields were obtained at spacing within the rows (plants spaced 3 to 4 inches for Spanish, 6 inches for runners, and 6 to 9 inches for Virginia jumbo types) much closer than found in farmers' fields. This superiority of or uniform, close spacing emphasizes the importance of improving germination by seed treatment. Treating machine shelled seed, before planting, with 2 percent Ceresan, Arasan, or Spergon has rather consistently given 20 to 30 percent increase in germination.
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Control of peanut leaf-spot by dusting or spraying, in nearly 100 tests, has given an average incre~e of more than 300 pounds of nuts per acre; nearly doubled the yield and greatly improved the quality of hay.
The records indicate that general adoption of these practices (seed treatment, uniform, close spacing, and leaf-spot control) will raise the average acre production at least 50 percent.
Studies on peanut processing in the laboratory and in commercial plants indicate the need for standardization of methods and equipment especially as to time and intensity of heating peanuts in all processing. Even the efficiency of oil extraction is affected adversely by over or under heating and by variation in moisture content of the seed.
Chemical analyses have shown that peanut protein contains all the amino acids now known to be essential for animal nutrition; and feeding tests with pigs, cattle, chickens, and rats indicate that commercial peanut meal is an excellent high protein feed.
Vitamin investigations have shown the peanut to be an excellent source of vitamins of the B group and especially rich in niacin. The raw peanut is rich in thiamin (Bt) but more or less is lost in processing.
Production cost studies have indicated the correct procedure for equalizing the price of peanuts with that of other standard crops.
A survey of the extent and distribution of soil types and of production records indicate that with proper distribution of acreage Georgia is capable of growing 1,864,000 acres of peanuts even when following the recommended practice of planting peanuts for harvest only one out of every three years.
GRAPES
The Georgia Experiment Station has been conducting an intensive program of grape breeding for more than 30 years. The institution has served many prospective growers by advising them what not to do as well as what to do.
There are three general types or groups of grapes grown commercially in the United States. They are ( 1) the Malaga or Vinifera type grown in California, (2) native American bunch grapes such as the Concord, and (3) the muscadine or Scuppernong type. Some
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growers have the idea that the muscadine is a black grape. It may occur in almost any shade of color from black, reddish black, bronze, to light amber. The Scuppernong is-a muscadine.
The Malaga or California group of grapes will not grow well in the Southeast and should not be planted commercially in Georgia. There is a long list of varieties of bunch grapes which grow moderately well in the northern half of Georgia, but very few if any grow well in south Georgia. Even in the northern half of the state bunch grapes require careful pruning and spraying to hold down insects and diseases.
The muscadine grape is a "child of the South" and is highly resistant to both insects and diseases. In fact, we have not yet found it necessary to spray them. Prior to about 35 years ago very little work had been done to improve muscadine grapes. We had the Scuppernong and a few black fruiting varieties grown almost exclusively on arbors. Very little pruning, cui tivating, or fertilizing were given. They were trained on arbors and left largely to fight out their own existence.
The Georgia Experiment Station undertook to improve the muscadine grape by breeding better varieties, establishing better methods of trellising, and by better methods of cultivating and fertilizing the soil.
It has been found that muscadine grapes can be trained on horizontal trellises and pruned just as bunch grapes are pruned. It is very important, however, to do the pruning immediately after the first killing frost in the fall. If the pruning is delayed until after Christmas, severe "bleeding" or loss of sap from the cut ends of the vines will occur in late winter or early spring.
There are some 25 to 30 distinct varieties of muscadine grapes. Practically all of them are well suited to the production of wine, unfermented juice, frozen grape pulp, jellys, jams, and to be eaten in the fresh state. They do not ship well, and will keep only a few days in the fresh state unless kept on cold storage. They are well suited to be harvested for prompt consumption by local markets. There is a growing demand for fresh grape juice. Some growers harvest the ripe fruit, press out the juice from day to day, and deliver it to customers just as milk is delivered. The juice from ripe muscadine grapes contains from about 17 to 21 percent sugar, according to variety and makes a very refreshing drink without the addition of sugar. A muscadine vineyard may be developed as the chief money
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crop of the farm or it may be developed on a small scale to produce fruit for home use and the local market. A dozen vines with one male vine to serve as a pollinator, should produce enough grapes for a family and allow a fair surplus to be sold by the housewife as a source of "pin money." Some housewives, especially those interested in working grapes into various products, such as jelly, jam, preserves, etc., add to their income by producing such products for sale.
Some choice varieties of muscadine grapes from which the prospective grower may choose are the Hunt, Dulcet, Creek, Yuga, Spalding, Thomas, Stuckey, Brownie, Scuppernong, etc. The grape nurseryman will often make good suggestions as to the varieties to plant. There should be planted a male vine to each 10 or 12 bearing vines to serve as pollinators.
The prospective grower will wish to know how much it is going to cost him to grow grapes and how much he is going to get for his fruit. It is most difficult to estimate costs and returns during war times. During the past ten years we have seen muscadine grapes sell at prices ranging from $35 to $125 per ton. No one knows what postwar prices for grapes will be, but if we use prewar prices in our estimates we will be in line after the war if prices go down. It takes three years to bring a vineyard into bearing and from five to six years to produce maximum crops.
GEORGIA EXPERIMENT STATION PIONEERED IN RESEARCH IN FROZEN FOODS
Researches in frozen foods conducted at the Georgia Experiment Station have been recognized in its development almost from the beginning of the industry. In 19 30 three bulletins were published by the station covering results obtained up to that time. In the same year the first two commercial freezing plants-in the South were located in Georgia-both are still in operation. Since that time more than two dozen bulletins and scientific papers on subjects relating to preserving foods by freezing have been published.
The first comprehensive list of varieties of fruits and vegetables suitable for freezing published in this country, was published by the station in 1930. The list included 79 varieties of 14 fruits, 8 vegetables, and 3 juices. This list has been extended during the last 14 years to include other products which, at one time, were considered unsuitable for freezing. The latest addition of vegetables include sweet potatoes, pumpkins, rutabagas, pimientos, and green
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peppers; and additions of fruits include the juices and puree of many fruits of which the fruit itself is not satisfactory~xamples of this are muscadine grapes, buncn grapes; a'hd certain berries which have very large seed. As of the present, it can be said that fully 100 varieties of 15 fruits, 24 vegetables, and 8 juices can Qe successfully preserved by freezing. This list excludes a number of conspicuous commodities, as watermelons, cantaloupes, cucumbers, celery, lettuce, and practically all vegetables that are usually eaten raw.
Most meats, with the exception of pork, may be preserved as long as two years in excellent condition by freezing. Such meats include beef, mutton, venison, fowls of all kinds, and most fish. Cream, butter, and other dairy products are recent additions, as well as eggs, meat and vegetable stews, and many kinds of fully cooked vegetables. The types and kinds of frozen products that may be expected on the markets within the next few years runs well over a hundred.
Since 1938 cooperative research with the Department of Commerce of the Tennessee Valley Authority has provided engineering and other technical aid that was greatly needed but unavailable until that time. With this cooperation the research program of the station was greatly extended beyond the study of products suitable for freezinto improving methods of freezing, designing, constructing, testing, and putting into use new types of processes and equipment. In cooperation with the Tennessee Valley Authority a method was worked out, and several plants have been built, in which berries and most ing, into improving methods of freezing, designing, constructing, testvegetables are frozen very quickly by immersion into a bath of supercooled solution, which is immediately removed from the product after freezing. The method is very fast and the products bring a premium on the market.
Peaches have been frozen in Georgia continuously for 15 years. This is in the light of the fact that they are one of the most difficult of all fruits to freeze without turning brown or losing their structure. The first major problem encountered was that of peeling without heating the fruit above 145 degrees F., which temperature increased browning and caused the peaches to taste semi-cooked. It was found that this could be done by peeling in a bath containing 8 to 10 percent lye, for two minutes, at a temperature not above 145 degrees F. The method was worked in several plants in Georgia and has been adopted in all other sections of the country where peaches are frozen.
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PASTURE DEVELOPMENT IN GEORGIA
Livestock numbers and income.. from livestock in Georgia have greatly increased and can be sustained or increased still more, if proper advantage is taken of the long grazing season available and the endless acres of low priced land suitable for pastures. A sustained and profitable livestock industry is dependent upon an abundance of cheap feed, and there is hardly any feed cheaper than what is produced on pastures. Barn feeding of dairy cows, for example, is four times as costly as pasture feeding.
The income possibilities of Georgia pastures are not yet widely recognized. Over a seven-year period, improved upland pastures at the Georgia Experiment Station have produced 263 pounds of beef gains per acre, which is a 147 percent increase over the 107 pounds beef gains per acre obtained on unimproved pastures. Bottomland pastures are 50 to 100 percent more productive than those on upland, and pastures grazed by dairy cattle give about 50 percent greater monetary returns than when grazed by beef cattle. The potentialities and importance of pastures can perhaps be better illustrated in terms of feed equivalents. An acre of improved pasture produces as much feed nutrients as is in 80 bushels of oats, 41 bushels of corn, or over a ton of high grade cottonseed meal. If dairymen would realize the large amount of money sent out of Georgia to buy dairy feed while good pastures on the farm could produce the equivalent of 80 bushels or more of oats per acre at little labor or machinery expense and at onefourth the cost of barn feeding, there would be many more pastures developed and much money saved in Georgia. Good permanent pastures have the additional value of preventing practically all soil erosion and greatly increasing the organic matter in the soil.
While the climate of Georgia is generally favorable to pasture development, it is also true that the fairly heavy rainfall and the year-round leaching of our soils have impoverished our land so that nutritious pasture plants cannot be grown without adequate fertilization and liming. Not until soil fertility is properly adjusted should the second step be taken in pasture development, that is, seeding and or sodding of desirable pasture grasses and legumes. Some pasture plants have a wide and others a limited adaption to different parts of Georgia. Dallis and bermuda grasses, white dutch clover, and lespedeza do well in all sections of Georgia provided soil conditions are suited. Carpet and Bahia grasses are limited mostly to south Georgia; blue grass, red top and orchard grass to north Georgia conditions. Grasses and legumes should be grown together in permanent pastures
252

for greatest production. Specific recommendations for pasture mixtures for various soil conditions in different parts of the state have been published previously.
There are certain periods every year when lack of rainfall, hot weather, or cold weather limit or stop permanent pasture growth for a longer or a short period. Supplementary grazing crops or other feed such as a silage, fodder or hay must be provided for these periods if livestock production is to be held up. Some of the better adapted supplementary grazing crops are millet, sudan, velvet beans, kudzu, and lespedeza for late summer and fall; lespedeza sericea for late spring; and winter grain mixtures for late fall to spring. The longest period of permanent pasture shortage is during the winter months. Recent experimental results show that early seedbed preparation and early seeding of winter grains greatly increases the earliness of winter grazing that can be obtained from grains. The use of nitrogen fertilizer in fall also hastens and increases fall growth of winter grains for grazing. By proper use of supplementary grazing crops, very close to a year-round grazing program can be obtained in most of Georgia.
ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION
Three years ago the Georgia Experiment Station set up equipment for artificial insemination use in the dairy herd. This equipment has been in constant use since that date. Some of the advantages of artificial insemination are: breeding accidents are less frequent, there is less danger of transmitting diseases, if the bull becomes sterile the sterility will be detected immediately, and many more cows can be bred to one bull. A man with one or two outstanding cows can have them bred to an outstanding bull without transporting the cattle. Bulls will last longer by the regular program of taking semen.
Artificial insemination has a definite place in communities as small dairies do not have room to keep a bull and the overhead is too great to keep a bull for a few cows. A community can purchase one outstanding bull and breed several hundred cows to him. The economy of artificial insemination is that one good bull can be kept in the place of many inferior bulls and better breeding obtained. This method of breeding can be used in building up dairy herds of the state by the use of better bulls.
The experiment station has been working with breeders over the state, supplying some semen from the outstanding herd bull here, and showing interested parties the equipment and methods and technique.
253

In some instances the station helped to purchase the equipment and
- get the work started in the community.
SANFORD WHEAT TAKES THE STATE
A recent survey of the state with the help of the county agents shows that 45 percent of the wheat in the state is now Sanford. In view of the fact that Sanford wheat was first introduced in the fall of 1940, only four years ago, this is a remarkable record. Probably no new variety of any farm crop has ever taken on so quickly as Sanford wheat. Judging from reports received from county agents 58 percent of the wheat planted in Georgia next year will be Sanford.
It is often difficult to show in dollars and cents the value of agricultural research. In this case, we know the acreage of wheat planted in the state-45 percent of which was Sanford-the yield per acre, and the price per bushel. Results of experiments show that Sanford will yield about 28 percent more than a good strain of Purplestraw (Bluestem). Purplestraw (Bluestem) was the variety most widely grown in Georgia before the introduction of Sanford. The average yield of wheat in Georgia for the ten years preceeding the introduction of Sanford was 9.4 bushels per acre. According to the station's figures, if the farmers had been planting Sanford instead of Bluestem in this period, they would have made 12 bushels per acre, or 2.6 bushels more than they actually did make.
Applying these figures to the 1944 crop, we find that 98,100 acres were planted in Sanford wheat. Multiplying this figure by 2.6 bushels. we have 255,060 bushels as the increase due to Sanford wheat. If wheat is valued at $1.66 a bushel. the value of this increase would amount to $423,399.
In addition to Sanford wheat planted in Georgia, a considerable amount has been planted in neighboring states. No figures are available at the present as to the extent of this acreage, but it must be fairly extensive. It is probably large enough to raise the returns from Sanford wheat to half a million dollars.
Due to the shortage of food and feed the government is asking Georgia farmers to plant 275,000 acres in wheat. If this is done, Georgia will plant 160,000 acres in Sanford wheat, according to the estimates made by county agents.
The distribution of Sanford wheat in the state is very spotted. In some cases the county agents have obtained seed from the station
254

and helped their farmers grow their own seed. In other cases a progressive farmer has produced seed locally. The counties of Pike, Coweta, Meriwether, Spalding, Terl'l'!ll, Harris, Walker, Talbot, Bulloch, Carroll, Haralson, Troup, Monroe, Gwinnett, Gilmer, Paulding, Catoosa, Oglethorpe, and Columbia have from 75 to 95 percent of their wheat acreage planted in Sanford. The largest acreages were about 6,300 acres each-Sumter and Jefferson Counties --closely followed by Macon and Hart Counties with 4,500 acres.
Some of the county agents when reporting the acreage of Sanford wheat in their counties also commented on the value of this variety for their conditions.
County Agent J. H. Cooley, Gilmer County-"Sanford wheat showing by far superior results to other varieties. Have demonstrations on five fields."
County Agent S. C. Gunnels, Habersham County-"Sanford wheat has made a hit with farmers in Habersham County and there will probably be a still higher percentage planted if good seed are available.''
County Agent William F. Davidson, Heard County-"Farmers are liking the Sanford wheat a great deal in this county. There is a possibility of almost the entire crop of wheat next year being of this variety."
County Agent J. F. Mauldin, Carrollton, Georgia-"Your records will show that I purchased 30 bushels of wheat from the experiment station in 1940. This wheat has been planted rather extensively over the county since that time. Taking it as a whole, we have doubled the yield per acre of this wheat. Of course I have encouraged the farmers to properly fertilize this wheat and although we know that the variety has been much better; this might account for the large increase in the wheat yield per acre. We have also increased the acreage from 500 in 1940 to 3,500 in 1944."
County AgentS. J. Wilson, Haralson County-"No variety of seed of any kind has taken so quickly as Sanford wheat. Lega oats are doing well in this county. This is our first year with this oat."
County Agent A. G. Robinson, Gwinnett County-"Four years ago 100 bushels of Sanford wheat were distributed, and the increased yields of this variety over other varieties has increased the acreage of wheat, and it is my opinion from the attitude of farmers that 90
255

to 100 percent of the acreage will be planted to Sanford. Also we expect a considerable increase in the acreage seeded to wheat next year."
County Agent D. F. Bruce, Bibb County-"Seed sample more uniform and stands up better in the field. Straw seems to be stiffer."
County Agent W. M. Prichard, Jefferson County-"Sanford wheat has given good yields in this county and has shown good resistance to rust. Other varieties grown here are Hartired, Red Hart, and a small amount of Woods and old Bluestem."
SOME NEEDS OF THE GEORGIA EXPERIMENT STATION
Good research is the basis for good farm practices and good teaching. The Georgia Experiment Station has maintained high standards of agricultural research by securing the services of well trained people and placing into their hands good equipment so far as funds have been available to purchase the equipment.
Georgia is a big state and agriculture is her leading enterprise. There is a pressing need for more research on a number of our agricultural problems already receiving attention and on some which have received little attention in the past.
GREENHOUSES: The Georgia Experiment Station has made much progress in plant breeding and plant nutrition studies. Some of the underlying principles in the use of commercial fertilizers are being worked out in water and sand cultures in greenhouses where temperature and moisture, as well as certain insects and diseases, can be controlled. The same is true for plant breeding. Where greenhouse space is available two generations of plants can be grown in one year, making progress twice as fast as when only field plats are available. For example, hybrids, crosses, or selections of cotton, pepper, melons, peanuts, etc., can be grown in greenhouses during the winter and allowed to mature seed in the spring in time for field planting, and the production of another generation of plants in summer. The Georgia Experiment Station needs two well equipped additional greenhouses. It is estimated that they will cost a total of $50,000.00.
FISH AND WILD LIFE: Fish and wild life contribute a substantial part of the food of the state's population, as well as supplying much pleasure and recreation. There is need for fundamental studies of economic fish production and the food habits of much of the state's wild life. Considerable work is being done in an educational way on
256

fish culture and wild life, but there is need for research to make the

work more effective.

. -

The Georgia Experiment Station would like to put on at least

one full time worker to do research work in cooperation with state

and federal wild life agencies with emphasis on fish culture. It is be-

lieved that an acre of water will produce as much meat in fish, as an

acre in pasture will produce in beef.

Adequate land and streams are available for the construction of ponds. An initial appropriation of $35,000.00 for ponds and equipment, and $15,000.00 annually thereafter should support this line of proposed work.

ANALYSES OF FARM PRODUCTS: Information continues to come out showing a wide variation in the composition of farm products. There is often a great difference between varieties of the same crop. The influence of the soil on plant composition is another phase of the work needing attention.

This additional work could be added to similar, and limited work already under way at an annual cost of $12,000.00.

FARM MACHINERY: There is a great need of improved farm machinery, both for production and for processing, to enable Georgia farmers to produce at lower costs. Plans are being developed to work in connection with the State Engineering Experiment Station in attacking a number of problems in this field of research. An annual appropriation of $10,000.00 should serve the agricultural phases of this work.

WORKER FOR IMPROVED SEED: A full time trained worker with clerical help and some travel to aid in the creation and maintenance of better planting seed in Georgia is needed. New varieties of crops are being bred and the seed distributed at the present time but we have no one to keep up with the improved stocks of seed and make them best serve the state. For example, it is unfortunate to have pure seed of the new Empire cotton originated at the Georgia Experiment Station sent to the oil mills when planting seed are so badly needed. We estimate that $8,000.00 per year would maintain this line of work.

Artificial insemination for dairy cattle is growing in interest. If the Georgia Experiment Station, with its present equipment, could have the services of one man to cooperate with the dairymen of the state and the extension service, much could be done to advance dairying in Georgia. About $8,000.00 per year should maintain this work.

257

BUILDINGS: There is need for a medium sized building for horticultural research at the Georgia Experiment Station. About $35,000.00 should cover its cost. A'h auditorium is needed for meetings of farmers, county agents, vocational teachers, and students, with an adjacent arena for judging and holding sales of livestock. The estimated cost of this building is $50,000.00.
Improved farm machinery at the Eatonton Project Area will facilitate the work there. It will require approximately $6,000.00 to get that which will be necessary in the near future.
The increased cost of maintaining the physical plant is $5,000.00 annually.

UNIVERSITY SYSTEM OF GEORGIA
ALL UNITS (CONSOLIDATION)

RECEIPTS

1942

1943

INCOME FROM STATE REVENUE ALLOTMENTS

Appropriation --------------------------------------------------$ 2,180,000.00 $ 2,938,000.00 Budget Balancing Adjustments_______________ (-) 272,006.48 (-)727,732.21

Transfers Other Spending Units:

State Department of Education__________________ 312,558.09

328,265.40

University System Public Trust Funds_____ 49,413.87

44,908.14

State Supervisor of Purchases__________________ (-) 15,995.27 (-) 6,829.27

ReGvernanuetss RUe. tSai.nGedo:vernment__________________________ Donations __:_________________________________________

1,181,065.05 154,996.25

Earnings, Educational Services________________ 3,526,519.39

Earnings, Development Services________________ 91,376.01

1,528,201.76 95,182.89
5,964,643.28 128,945.53

Total income receipts----------------------------$ 7,207,926.91 $10,293,585.52

NON-INCOME

Public Trust Funds

Gifts for PrincipaL------------------------------$ 52,102.40 $(-)54,097.21

Investments -------------------------------------------------- 111,373.14 Income on Investments_____________________________ 150,590.94

478,808.09 174,841.40

Transfers to Budget Funds___________________________ (-) 49,413.87 (-) 44,908.14

Total public trust funds _____________________$ 264,652.61 $ 554,644.14

Private Trust Funds---------------------------------------- 1,558,050.37 1,831,507.27

Loans --------------------------------------------------------- 90,879.60

413,838.77

Total non-income receipts_____________________$ 1,913,582.58 $ 2,799,990.18

CASH BALANCES, JULY 1st

Budget Funds -----------------------------------------$ 632,587.51 $ 388,493.46

Public Trust Funds______________________________________ 149,649.61

265,775.00

Private Trust Funds______________________________________ 18,010.46

138,811.43

Total cash balances-----------------------------$ 800,247.58 $ 793,079.89

$ 9,921,757,07 $13,886,655.59

258

PAYMENTS

1942

1943

EXPENSES

Personal Service ----------------=------------~---~----$ 4,382,573.18

Travel ------------------------------------------------------- 196,921.16 Supplies, Materials ---------------------------------------- 1,383,592.15
Communication ---------------------------------------------------- 69,542.92 Heat, Light, Power, Water__________________________ 176,341.38

Publications ----------------------------------------------Repairs ----------------------------------------------------------Rents -----------------------------------------------------------Insurance ---------------------------------------------------Interest ------------:------------------------------------------Pensions -------------------------------------------------Equipment -----------------------------------------Miscellaneous ---------------------------------Miscellaneous Scholarships ----------------------

69,761.58 58,892.52 50,567.86 69,171.08
5,666.89 560.00
143,586.94 100,982.03
52,371.80

$ 4,891,696.89 208,783.87
2,963,676.84 78,334.82
230,859.83 64,045.10
151,262.95 53,676.25 77,803.54 8,492.52 810.00
122,765.17 247,828.37
59,261.83

Total Expense --------------------------------$ 6,760,531.49 $ 9,159,297.98

OUTLAYS
Lands, Improvements Personal Services --------------------------------$ Supplies, Materials -------------------------Publications -------------------------------------Repairs ----------------------------------------------------Rents ---------------------------------------------------Miscellaneous ------------------------ -----Contracts ----------------------------------------
Equipment -----------------------------------------------
Total Outlay ----------------------------$

12,625.31 $ 3,419.81 39.74 383.81 7.20 427.28
401,087.50
160,178.27

23,636.94 20,891.62
9.00 383.31
752,176.96 232,579.96

578,168.92 $ 1,029,677.78

NON-COST Public Trust Funds Investment ---------------------------------------$ Expenses, Objects of Trust__________________

140,646.71 $ 7,880.51

361,052.08 5,650.92

Total public trust funds______________$ 148,527.22 $ 366,703.00

Private Trust Funds___________________ 1,437,249.40 2,118,563.64

Loans --------------------------------------------- 204,200.15

449,315.76

Total Non-Cost ----------------------------$ 1,789,976.77 $ 2,934,582.40

CASH BALANCES, JUNE 30th Budget Funds ----------------------------------------- $ Public Trust Funds________________________________________ Private Trust Funds------------------------------------------

388,493.46 $ 457,626.23

265,775.00

453,716.14

138,811.43 (-)148,244.94

Total cash balances-----------------------------$ 793,079.89 $ 763,097.43

Total Payments -----------------------------$ 9,921,757.07 $13,886,655.59

259

CONTENTS
Chairman's Report ----------------L"-- ___________.____...______________________________________________________3-23
Adequate Educational Facilities ------------------------------------------------------------------- 19 Agricultural and Industrial Board________________________________________________________________11-12
Annual Appropriation ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 21 Brittain, President-Emeritus ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 22 Comparison of Appropriations ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 20 Conclusions from Financial Data________________________________________________________________ 17
~f~~~~!~on~---~=----~-~-s~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~=~~~~~~--~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~9-i~
Heads of Units____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 6 Major Objectives of Board_____________________________________________________________________________ 7 Officers of Regents___________________________________________________________________________________________ 5
Per Capita Gost____________________--------------------------------------------------------------------------14-16 Table I (State Universities)------------------------------------------------------------------------ 14 Table II (Technical Colleges)------------------------------------------------------------------ 15 Table III (Teacher Colleges)---------------------------------------------------------------------- 16 Table IV (Women's Colleges)------------------------------------------------------------------- 16
Public School Teacher Shortage___________________________________________________________________ 12
Regents and Institutions--------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3-4 Rigid Economies ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 18 Standing Committees -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4 SSttuatdey Eodf uFciantiaonncaial lFNueendsd__s___-_-_-_-_--_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_--_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_--_-_-_ 218
USunrivtseyinandSysteRm_e_s_u_r_v__e_Y__-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_--_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_--_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_--_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_--_ 85 Van Leer-New President____________________________________________________________________________22-23
War Increases Financial Burdens---------------------------------------------------------------- 7
Chancellor's Report:
Admission of Women-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------60-61 Annual Reports of Heads___________________________________________________________________________82-228
University of Georgia________________________________________________________________________________82-105
Georgia School of Technology .. _-----------------------------------------------------------106-121 University of Georgia School of Medicine_______________________________________122-134 Georgia State College for Women ___________________________________________________135-145 Georgia State Woman's College_________________________________________________________145-147 Georgia Teachers College__________________________________________________________________148-157 Georgia Evening College_______________________________________________________________________157-161 Division of General Extension____________________________________________________________161-166
North Georgia College__________________ .. ------------------------------------------------------166-174 West Georgia College___________________________________________________________________________174-183 Middle Georgia College ____________________________________________________________________________183-188 Georgia Southwestern College____________________________________________________________189-195
ASoburtahhaGmeoBrgailadwCinollAegger_i_c__u___l_t_u__r__a__l____C___o__l_l_e__g__e__________-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-__-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-__-_-_-_-_-_-1--91995--210929 Albany State College____________________________________________________________________________202-208 Fort Valley State College____________________________________________________________________ 208-219 Georgia State College___________________________________________________________________________ 220-228
Conclusion ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 81 Consolidated Financial ReporL_________________________________________________________________ 258-259
Education's Fate____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 80
Financial StudY---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 24 (a) Georgia ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 26 ((bc)) GGeooinrggiaFo1rw94ar3d-P--ro-d-u-c-t-i-o-n-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_--_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_--_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_--_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_--_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_--_ 2267 (d) Georgia Agricultural Facts__________________________________________________________________ 27
(e) College Herd.-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 27 George Foster Peabody Radio Awards________________________________________________________57-60
Graduate and Research SchooL______________________________________________________________________ 49
(a) Recommendations -------------------------------------------------------------------------49-51 (b) Proposed Research Projects---------------------------------------------------------51-52

Graduate and Undergraduate Work------------------------------------------------------48-49 Improvement of Instruction_______________________________________________________________________ 36
Medical College_____________________________:_______________~---~----------------------------------- 44 ((ba)) PDheypsairctimanesnt aonfd NuNrsinugr__s_e__s__._.-_-__-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-__-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-__-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-__-_-_-_-_-_-__-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_ 4456 (c) District Health Plan____________________________________________________________________ 47

Non-Teaching Agencies--------------------------------------------------------------------------228-258 AGegorircguialtuCroalasEtaxl tePnlasiinonExSperevriciem.--e--n--t--S---t-a--t-i-o--n--_-_-_-_-_-_-__-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-__-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-__-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-2-23268--224356
Georgia Experiment Station--------------------------------------------------------------245-258
Policy ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 28
Returning Veterans ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 39 (a) Looking Backward_____________________________________________________________________________ 40 (b) Veterans and War Workers_______________________________________________________________ 40
(c) G. I. BilL----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 41 Servant of State_____________________________________________________________________________________________ 28 Six-Year Building Program___________________________________________________________________________52-53
(a) Proposed Postwar Public Works____________________________________________________53-57

Statistical Information ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------67-78 Table I (Enrollment of Georgia Colleges) --------------------------------------------67-68
Table II (Comparative Enrollment)----------------------------------------------------------- 69 Table III (Cumulative Enrollment)------------------------------------------------------------ 70
Table IV (Graduates) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 71 Table V (According to Counties) -------------------------------------------------------------72-73 Table VI (Negroes) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 74 Table VII (Out-of-State-Whites)--------------------------------------------------------------- 75 Table VIII (Out-of-State-Negroes) ----------------------------------------------------- 75
Table IX (Out-of-State) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 76 Table X (First Honor Students)----------------------------------------------------------- 77 Table XI (Record of Transfer Students)____________________________________________________ 78

Student Enrollment (a) War Depletes College Enrollment_______________________________________________62-64 (b) Postwar Enrollment ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 64 (c) Democratic Educational Philosophy_______________________________________________ 65

Stude(an)t FFeeeess a--n--d----C---o--l-l-e--g--e---C--o-s-t_-_-_-_-_-_-_--_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_--_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_--_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_--_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_- 3321
(b) Immediate Future --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 32 (c) Official Education Statistics------------------------------------------------------------- 32 ((de)) CExoammpparliesson-----T-a-b-l-e-s_--_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_--_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_--_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_--_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_--_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_--_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_--_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_--_ 3333
1. Landgrant Colleges______________________________________________________________ 34
2. University System----------------------------------------------------------------------34-35
Teacher Training ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 41 (a) Competent Teachers---------------------------------------------------------------------- 42 (b) Workshops .---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 43 (c) Evolution ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 44 (d) Credits --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 44 (e) Executive Committee ------------------------------------------------------------------ 44
Technical Education ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 47
Too Many Courses-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 37 ((ab)) AEdnuccieantitoIndaolls A-d-v-a-n-c-e-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_--_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_--_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_--_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_--_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_- 3387

Trainees ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 29 Tremendous Tasks Ahead____________________________________________________________________________ 35

(a) Immediate Problems.--------------------------------------------------------------- 36 University System of Tomorrow______________________________________________________________78-80
(a) Historical Sketch___________________________________________________________________________________ 78 (b) College of Agriculture__________________________________________________________________________ 79
(c) Creation of Other State Institutions____________________________________________ 79 (d) Simple College-Complex System______________________ 80

Year of Many Changes_______

30