Annual report for 1942-1943 by the regents of the University System of Georgia to his excellency honorable Ellis Arnall governor [June 30, 1943]

IUAL REPORT
1 the R E G E NT S of the
LRSITY SYSTEM OF GEORGIA
TO HIS EXCELLENCY
HONORABLE ELLIS ARNALL
Governor

ATLA~TA
GlOil"A. ~~1. (If TEG&INOL~ UNIVER.,SITV SYSTEI'I CENTEP._
COLLf<iE.

n.l'ltltiMEIIT ~IOII,.(iiA P.Pf1UMII4T 5T..TICIH
FO"T 1/.t.I.LB"'' ST...Tii C.OLI..ECO.It
F~T VA.LLY

~LLIPG!VILL!.
Gfott.41.. $T.-.TE COlL&'a
~OL WOI'IEM

COC+ta.AN

4~R.GI.. MIDDLE

Qlt.LI61!

AI'I!IUCU~ G!Oit41A 50UTIIWESTU.II COI.LIG!

ALIAMY
ALilAHY SlATE COLLEGE TIPTOH
A 81t,4144... IALDWIN
lColtiCIILTU~AI. COI.LIC.I. COA)T.. L 'Lt>.IM l.lU'U.INHT 15'D.'TI0"
V.t.I.OO$TA
Cilt01l41'- STATE. WOII\AMS COLLt:GoE

FOR TH E Y EA
1942-

ANNUAL REPORT
FOR
1942-1943
BY REGENTS OF THE
UNIVERSITY SYSTEM OF GEORGIA
TO HIS EXCELLENCY
HONORABLE ELLIS ARNALL
GOVERNOR JUNE 30, 1943

REGENTS OF THE
UNIVERSITY 5YS7'EM OF GEORGIA
STATE CAPITOL. ATLANTA
OFFICE OF CHAIRMAN
June 30, 1943
Honorable Ellis Arnall Governor of Georgia Atlanta, Georgia
MY DEAR GOVERNOR ARNALL:
Pursuant toJaw the Board of Regents of the University System of Georgia, through the undersigned, as chairman, submit to you an annual report.
We are submitting this report now instead of at the end of the year because no report has been submitted for the year 1942, and because developments have recently occurred of such importance to the University System that we believe that they should be promptly brought to the attention of the public.
Another and an impelling reason for submitting the report at this time is that we deem it our duty to point out to our people the great importance of adopting the constitutional amendment which has been proposed relative to the University System, and a formal report seems to us the best means to use for this purpose.
As a part of this report we submit to you the chancellor's annual report to the Board of Regents covering a great many matters which we are not undertaking to cover in detail in our report. We ask careful consideration of the report of the chancellor by all those interested in higher education in Georgia.
REGENTS AND INSTITUTIONS
The following is a statement of the present Board of Regents to~ gether with their home addresses and terms of office; the personnel of the various committees of the board and the officers of the board; the name, head, location and type of each unit in the University System:
3

MEMBERS OF THE BOARD OF REGENTS OF THE UNIV~RSITY YSTEM OF GEORGIA

District

Regent

Address

State at Large MARION SMITH

Atlanta

January I, 1943-January I, 1946

State at Large CASON J. CALLAWAY

Hamilton

January I, 1943-January I, 1950

State at Large FRANK M. SPRATLIN

Atlanta

January I, 1943-January I, 1946

State at Large EARL B. BRASWELL January I, 1943-January I, 1949

Athens

State at Large POPE F. BROCK January I, 1943-January I, 1948

Atlanta

First

J. L. RENFROE

Statesboro

January I, 1943-January I, 1948

Second

EDWARD R. JERGER

Thomasville

January I, 1943-January 1, 1947

Third

GEORGE C. WOODRUFF

Columbus

January I, 1943-January 1, 1944

Fourth

C. J. SMITH

Newnan

January I, 1943-January I, 1949

Fifth

RUTHERFORD L. ELLIS January I, 1943-January I, 1947

Atlanta

Sixth

MILLER R. BELL

Milledgeville

January I, 1943-January I, 1950

Seventh

RoY N. EMMET, SR.

Cedartown

January I, 1943-January I, 1945

Eighth

S. PRICE GILBERT

Sea Island

January I, 1943-January I, 1950

Ninth

SANDY BEAVER

Gainesville

January I, 1943-January I, 1945

Tenth

WILLIAM S. MORRIS

Augusta

January I, 1943-January I, 1944

OFFICERS OF THE REGENTS
Chairman____________________________________Marion Smith V ice-Chairman______________________________Sandy Beaver Chancellor__________________________________S. V. Sanford Secretary________________________________________L. R. Siebert
Treasurer--------------------------------W. Wilson Noyes

4

STANDING COMMITTEES OF THE BOARD OF REGENTS

eDUCATION
Sandy Beaver, Chairman Pope F. Brock Rutherford L. Ellis
0RGANIZATION AND LAW
S. Price Gilbert, Chairman J. L. Renfroe Marion Smith
VISITATION
Earl B. Braswell, Chairman Edward R. Jerger RoyN. Emmet

FINANCE
George C. Woodruff, Chairman Miller R. Bell Frank M. Spratlin
AGRICULTURE
Cason J. Callaway, Chairman William S. Morris C. J. Smith Roy N. Emmet Edward R. Jerger

The Chairman of the Board of Regents is an ex-officio member of each committee.
Office of the Regents of the University System of Georgia is I 00 State Capitol, Atlanta.

UNITS IN THE SYSTEM
The System consists of the following institutions, coordinated in that part of the educational work of the state which is committed to the administration of the Regents.
SENIOR INSTITUTIONS
I. The University of Georgia, Athens. 2. Georgia School of Technology, Atlanta. 3. Georgia State College for Women, Milledgeville. 4. Georgia State W omans College, Valdosta. 5. Georgia Teachers College, Statesboro. 6. University of Georgia School of Medicine, Augusta.
JUNIOR COLLEGES
1. North Georgia College, Dahlonega. 2. West Georgia College, Carrollton. 3. Georgia Southwestern College, Americus. 4. Middle Georgia College, Cochran. 5. South Georgia College, Douglas. 6. Abraham Baldwin Agricultural College, Tifton.
5

EXPERIMENT STATIONS
1. Georgia Experiment Stati~, Experiment. 2. Coastal Plain Experiment Station, Tifton. 3. Engineering Experiment Station of the Georgia School of
Technology.
In addition to the foregoing institutions the Regents have set up a Department of Adult Education which operates two divisions: (A) the Georgia Evening College, . and (B) the Division of General Extension, both in Atlanta. The Georgia Evening College gives credit for work done by its students both in junior and senior curricula.
NEGRO COLLEGES
1. Georgia State College, Savannah. 2. Albany State College, Albany. 3. Fort Valley State College, Fort Valley.

HEADS OF UNITS

The University System is now composed of eighteen units. The units, locations, and heads are as follows:

Location Albany Americus
Athens
Atlanta
Atlanta

Institution

Head

**Albany State College Aaron Brown, President
* Georgia Southwestern College

Peyton Jacob, President

University of Georgia

Harmon W. Caldwell, President

Georgia School of Technology

M. L. Brittain, President

Division of General Extension,

J. C. Wardlaw, Director 223 Walton Street, N. W.

6

Atlanta
Augusta Carrollton Cochran Dahlonega Douglas Experiment Fort Valley Milledgeville Savannah Statesboro Tifton
Valdosta

University System Center George M. Sparks, Director
162 Lu~kie Street,N. W.
* Atlanta Junior College
Georgia Evening College

University of Georgia School of Medicine

G. Lombard Kelly, Dean

* West Georgia College

I. S. Ingram, President

* Middle Georgia College
Leo H. Browning, President

* North Georgia College

J. C. Rogers, President

* South Georgia College J. M. Thrash, President

Georgia Experiment Station H. P. Stuckey, Director

**Fort Valley State College H. M. Bond, President

Georgia State College for Women Guy H. Wells, President

**Georgia State College Benj. F. Hubert, President

Georgia Teachers College Marvin S. Pittman, President

*Abraham Baldwin Agricultural College

and

George H. King, Director

Georgia Coastal Plain Experiment Station

Georgia State Womans College Frank R. Reade, President

Units in italics are senior colleges. Junior Colleges. Negro Colleges.

7

THE WAR EMERGENCY
When the present board took.office its first consideration was to give its unqualified support, both as a board and as individuals, to the efforts of the chancellor and the heads of the institutions to make the University System of the greatest possible service to our country in the prosecution of its war efforts. A state of war overshadows every other consideration. The life of the nation is at stake. The lives of its young men are being freely offered. It is the first duty of every state institution to lend its all to forward the war effort and to be of every possible service to the national administration in the prosecution of the war.
We have wholeheartedly given our support to this cause. In the chancellor's report which accompanies this report will be found in great detail a statement of just what the various institutions are doing toward training men for the Army and Navy, and toward serving in this national emergency. We may briefly summarize it by the following statement: Our units are at the present time training for service in the Navy, 4,306 men and women; for the Army, 2,117; and for other special services of the government and the war emergency, 549. This makes a grand total being trained for the war emergency of 6,972. We anticipate that this number will be increased. Through the chancellor we have submitted to the War Department detailed studies of all of our facilities and have tendered all of these facilities to the Army and Navy without qualification or limitation. The Board of Regents can assure you, and through you the people of the state, that our University System is serving the nation in the emergency of war to the utmost of its capacity.
This service involved turning over physical facilities to the officers of the Army and Navy, housing their students, housing their instructors, furnishing them food and medical attention, and, to a considerable extent, furnishing the services of our faculties. There are, of course, many fields in which the Army and Navy use their own instructors who have had the special technical training that is necessary. As a result of this, and as a result of the tremendous decrease in the enrollment of ordinary students due to the war, it has been possible for us, without impairing the functions of the institutions, to grant leaves of absence to many of our faculty members to serve in the Army and Navy, or in the civil departments of the government during this war emergency. We have encouraged the heads of all institutions to grant these leaves broadly. In this way we are able to handle our finances through the amounts the govern-
8

ment pays us and through the temporary release of faculty members, notwithstanding the enormous decrease in revenue from fees which has been brought about by tfie inevitabre decrease in enrollment.
This decrease in enrollment has been inevitable for reasons that are too obvious to require a statement. This would have presented an insoluble financial problem except for the course which we have pursued.
We may summarize our relation to the war effort by saying that we have shaped our efforts toward the attainment of three ends which are being accomplished; namely: First, and foremost, to be of every possible service to the government in advancing its war effort. This overshadows every other consideration. Second, to solve what otherwise would be a hopeless financial problem. Third, to retain the structure of our faculty, notwithstanding the enormous decrease in revenue from fees, by granting leaves as above indicated. We would be less than frank if we did not add that the situation has presented and is still presenting problems of great difficulty, but on the whole, we think we can come through the emergency without irreparable damage.
The contribution of our agricultural services to the war is dealt with separately.
REORGANIZATION OF BOARD
The present Board of Regents took office pursuant to House Bill number I of the last General Assembly. That bill abolished the existing board and created a new board constructed along the lines which had been pledged to the people of the state by Governor Arnall in the last election. The bill completely carries out his pledge and was made the first item in his legislative program, being as stated, House Bill number I. The bill creates a completely independent Board of Regents with staggered terms of office and frees from external control of the management of the University System.
It was also Governor Arnall's pledge that the independence of the Board of Regents should be written into the constitution of the state. The General Assembly thereupon proposed a constitutional amendment to amend Article VIII, Section VI of the Constitution by adding a new paragraph, to be numbered Paragraph 2. That amendment is as follows:
"There shall be a Board of Regents qf the University System of Georgia, and the government, control, and management of the Uni-
9

versity System of Georgia and all of its institutions in said System, shall be vested in said Board of Regents of the University System of Georgia. Said Board of Regents otthe University System of Georgia shall consist of one member from each Congressional District in the State, and five additional members from the State at Large, appointed by the Governor and confirmed by the Senate. The Governor shall not be a member of said Board. The first Board of Regents under this provision shall consist of those in office at the time this constitutional amendment is adopted, with the terms provided by law. Thereafter, all succeeding appointments shall be for seven-year terms from the expiration of the previous term. Vacancies upon said Board caused by expiration of term of office shall be similarly filled by appointment and confirmation. In case of a vacancy on said Board by death, resignation of a member, or from any other cause other than the expiration of such member's term of office, the Board shall by secret ballot elect his successor, who shall hold office until the end of the next session of the General Assembly, or if the General Assembly be then in session, to the end of that session. During such session of the General Assembly the Governor shall appoint the successor member of the Board for the unexpired term and shall submit his name to the Senate for confirmation. All members of the Board of Regents shall hold office until their successors are appointed. The said Board of Regents of the University System of Georgia shall have the powers and duties as provided by law existing at the time of the adoption of this amendment, together with such further powers and duties as may be hereafter provided by law."
We urge the people of the state to see to it that this amendment is overwhelmingly carried in the election this summer. To our sorrow, we have seen the fatal consequences that can result where the independence of the Board of Regents is destroyed. It is not our purpose here to recount the tragic events which led to the loss of the accredited standing and which caused the citizens of Georgia to hang their heads in shame. All of this is a matter of our political history. The people of Georgia have expressed themselves on the subject in no uncertain terms. It is necessary now that the result of that expression be finally written into our constitution so that never again in this state can there be a recurrence of such disgraceful conditions.
In connection with the organization of this new board, may we recall one thing that occurred at the time of our appointment. In administering the oath of office to the newly appointed board after its confirmation by the senate, Governor Arnall said:
10

"You have been chosen without regard to the college or university you attended and without regard to. a,g.y clique or group of special interest. This will probably be the only talk I shall make to you, and I therefore urge the regents to exercise 'rigid economy' in the University System and to eliminate as much deadwood as possible.
"I believe in education and I do not want the regents to sacrifice the effectiveness of the state's educational system, but I do desire that you examine diligently the personnel, not in regard to individual employee, but in regard to position.
"The job of the regents basically is to develop a generation better prepared than past generations to cope with the problems of life. The regents are assuming their responsibility at a particularly difficult time because of changes brought about by the war."
We wish to say that the governor has rigidly carried out this policy of not interfering with the Board of Regents. We desire to make a record of that fact in this report for the benefit of the people of the state.
RESTORATION OF ACCREDITED STANDING
As previously stated, we recognized task number one of the newly appointed board to be that we should place before the government for aid in the war effort all of the facilities of the Universit)l System. In spite of our urgent problems the war effort came first.
Next to that, and to that only, was the problem of the accredited standing of our institutions. Here again we refrain from repeating the deplorable story of the occurrences which caused that accredited standing to be lost. That is only too well known. The accredited standing had been lost by every unit in the system and the state had learned that no institution can survive as a satisfactory institution of higher education when it is discredited by recognized educational authorities.
The governor, of course, knows that the board's problem with regard to these accredited standards had been solved for it by the time the board was appointed. We believe it to be well to make a public record through this report of what had actually occurred. In December, 1942, the Southern Association of Colleges and Secondary Schools held its annual meeting in Memphis, Tennessee. Governorelect Arnall, Chancellor S. V. Sanford and the undersigned, now chairman of the board but then without official standing, attended that meeting. We were heard fully by the association. The governor-
11

elect introduced the undersigned as one of the men he intended to appoint to the reconstructed Boar.d of Regents. We pointed out to the association the program for the restoration of the independence of the Board of Regents on which Governor-elect Arnall had been elected, and asked them to appoint a committee with authority to restore accredited ratings when that program had been enacted into law and a truly independent University System was functioning in the state.
We found the association entirely sympathetic. It had not deprived our institutions of our accredited standing because of any hostility toward the state or its institutions, or from any political considerations. Their action had resulted solely from the fact that no self-respecting association could accredit institutions in the deplorable political turmoil to which this system had been reduced. When its independence was established, we were welcomed gladly by the association. Immediately after passage of House Bill number I, and the creation of the new board, we reported to the committee of the association that the program was enacted into law and actually in operation. That committee made the necessary investigation to verify these facts and promptly and gladly welcomed us back. We take pleasure in reporting that the accredited standing of every institution has been restored.
May we submit one further observation. From the time of the disgraceful events which caused the loss of this accredited standing to the time it was restored, this system went through a period of suffering and humiliation. Perhaps, however, out of it some good will ultimately result. The people of Georgia have made a record on this subject of which they can well be proud. We are assured from educators from one end of the United States to the other that the whole educational world is proud of the stand the people of Georgia took last summer. It may well be true that many other states will be saved similar experiences from the lesson that Georgia has taught, and it is certainly true that never again during the present generation will anyone again attempt such political interference with our Georgia educational system.
COMMITTEE ON AGRICULTURE
Our board has established a special Committee on Agriculture, of which Mr. Cason J. Callaway is chairman (the other members being shown in this report), from which we expect in time to be able to report important results. At the present it has just begun
12

its active functioning. The creation of a special committee with personnel of the kind composing this committee, arises from some major convictions entertained by this board. We wish briefly to state them; namely: Georgia is basically an agricultural state. While we hope and expect to develop an enlarged industry in this state, nevertheless, we cannot expect within any foreseeable time for industry to displace agriculture as the basis of the economy of our state. Industry must be developed and will be developed. Far more industry than we have in Georgia is necessary as an adequate balance to the state's agricultural economy. But as far in the future as any of us can see, the economic welfare of our state will rest more on agriculture than on anything else.
That, of course, means that wherever we can raise the return from agriculture in Georgia we increase the prosperity of the entire state. Any study of such problems shows that the states which have made the great advances in agriculture are those in which their educational systems have been of the greatest aid to the farmers of the state. In other words, information, knowledge, training and direction to the agricultural group is the thing which, in the long run. can do the most for the prosperity of Georgia.
The University System is already serving valiantly toward these ends, but the appointment of our special committee arises from a determination of this board that we shall extend the service of the University System to the agricultural interests of Georgia to an extent that has not been dreamed of heretofore. Later annual reports, we believe and hope. will report results. We are now stating the objective to which we are pledged. In this connection it should be noted that as a part of our war effort the agricultural agencies of the U niversity System have already succeeded in greatly stimulating food production in this state. The extent to which this has been accomplished is not yet fully realized by our people. The chancellor's report gives it in detail and to it we invite serious attention of the people of this state.
WGST
Broadcasting Station WGST is the property of the Georgia School of Technology. The regents of the University System of Georgia hold it in trust for that institution. It was the gift of the late Honorable Clark Howell. The trust which he then created is one which will be sacredly observed. When the present board took office, it found that a case had been pending for some time with the Federal Communications Commission, involving the cancellation
13

or renewal of the license of this station. The gravity of the situation can hardly be overstated, because if the license were cancelled the station would become worthless. -
On March 23, 1943, the Federal Communications Commission rendered a decision requiring the cancellation of the contract under which Southern Broadcasting Station, Inc., had operated this station, and also requiring the Georgia School of Technology to acquire the necessary facilities for operating this station and giving it a temporary permit to operate for a limited period until these steps could be taken. The Board of Regents has actively gone ahead to meet the requirements of this order. We have acquired all of the equipment, contracts, and other property of the Southern Broadcasting Station, Inc. including its contract with Columbia Broadcasting System, which is essential for the successful operation of the station. All station properties, contracts, and equipment at the present are directly owned by the Regents of the University System for the use of the Georgia School of Technology, and the station is directly operated by the Board of Regents and the Georgia School of Technology. Payment for the assets so acquired is based on a percentage of the receipts, over the balance of the period when Southern Broadcasting Station, Inc., had held a contract. The result of this is that no cash outlay is required, no burdensome commitment rests on the Board of Regents and the Georgia School of Technol()gy under war conditions. Also we continue to have the support of all connected with the former operator and the benefit of their contacts with advertisers and others, their support being insured by the fact that the continuance of our revenue is essential to their receiving their purchase price.
Without attempting to burden this report with all the details, careful study indicates that whereas the Georgia School of Technology was receiving a net of $30,000 to $40,000 a year from this station, we can reasonably expect, unless war conditions have more adverse effect than is now anticipated, that from now on, the Georgia School of Technology should receive from $120,000 to $140,000 per year. Of course, these figures are estimated, but they probably will prove nearly correct.
The board has in mind also studied plans for enlarging the facilities and operation of this station. It is too early to report on this at the present time, but if we can accomplish these ends it is difficult to estimate the extent to which we might increase the revenue of the Georgia School of Technology from this valuable property.
While the Federal Communications Commission has not acted
14

finally on the application for a license under the new plan of operation, we have met all of its requirements and have every reason to believe that a license will be.granted at an early date.
The board has constituted a special committee to manage this station for the Georgia School of Technology composed of the following: Frank M. Spratlin, chairman; Sandy Beaver; William S. Morris, and Pope F. Brock. Chancellor S. V. Sanford, President M. L. Brittain and myself are ex-officio members.
GILBERT MEMORIAL INFIRMARY
We express our deep appreciation to JudgeS. Price Gilbert for his splendid gift to the University of Georgia. He has presented a magnificent infirmary which has been erected upon that campus. It was greatly needed and the needs are amply met by his generosity. Appropriate proceedings were had at the commencement exercises of the University of Georgia on June 4, 1943, dedicating the memorial, and these have been published in the Alumni Record as a permanent record of what occurred. Our report would not be complete, however, if the board failed to give public expression of its thanks to Judge Gilbert. As he is a member of the board I wish to add also that this part of the report is made without his knowledge.
CONCLUSION
The regents express their appreciation of the loyal support that they have received from the chancellor, the executive officers of the board, the heads and faculties of the various units. They have gone through trying times and have retained their faith and courage. War conditions are immensely adding to their problems. They are, however, working with loyalty and intelligence and with their aid we can expect great things for the state from the University System.
We would be unwilling to close this report without expressing to Governor Arnall our deep appreciation of the loyal support which he is giving us. The policy he is pursuing is the one declared by him in the last election and which is sound in every respect; namely: He has committed this University System to this Board of Regents as required by law. He has not interfered with its functions or sought to control its policies, but has held himself ready to aid us when we eall on him in our work for the educational system of Georgia.
Respectfully submitted,
MARION SMITH,
Chairman 15

DEAR CHAIRMAN SMITH:
It gives me pleasure to present-to you and through you to the Regents my report as Chancellor for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1943, instead of the calendar year ending December 3 I. 1942. In this report an attempt is made to set forth the details of the work being done by each unit in war activities and as reported to me by each head; the problems under which the University System has operated; its restoration to full membership in the Southern Association of Colleges and Secondary Schools; its needs for the future and the ideals which it hopes tq attain.
The University System is conscious of the great responsibility resting upon it in this critical age and it is making every effort to do its job of sending educated men and women into this troubled world. Only one question is now uppermost in the minds of administrators, teachers, and students in our University System: "How can this system best serve the state, the nation, the allies?" War changes values for the nation and for the individual.
The world situation constitutes a challenge that must be met. Today we are calling on all, young and old, to join hand in hand in manning the ramparts of freedom, not to preserve unchanged our present economic order, but to insure that these processes of changes, inherited from Britain and reinterpreted by Washington, Jefferson, Lincoln, and Roosevelt shall be preserved inviolate.
WAR-TIME PROGRAM
On June 8, 1942, the University System of Georgia entered upon a War-Time Program for a Victory-Minded People. It was made possible for students graduated from high school in June to enter at once the units of the University System, instead of waiting until September as they normally do.
The high school graduate, through the duration of the war, has an obligation to his country to complete his education in the least possible time so that he may be available for productive effort as soon as possible. If the war lasts as long as it looks, as if it may, women are going to be called upon to perform many of the tasks and assignments now being filled by men. There is a growing demand for trained women scientists.
Winning this war is going to take the mightiest efforts America
has ever made in men, in material. and in money. In World War I.
16

the colleges and universities were something apart, but in World War II, they are closely integrated-an integral core of the community. Education is now mqre important thaon it has ever been since the world began.
The Federal Government has requested our colleges and universities to do four specific things: to accelerate the program by teaching the full calendar year- four quarters of twelve weeks each or three terms of sixteen weeks each, but with no lowering of standards; to lay greater emphasis on our heritage- the democratic way of life; to stress the advanced sciences and mathematics; and to make physical fitness compulsory for all students.
The University System has not been negligent in training its students in the fundamentals of the American system of government. It has been able to emphasize this work through the survey courses in the Humanities, in Contemporary Georgia, and in the Social Sciences. We have taught the thrilling story of our revolution in all its phases of growth and development.
An imperative need requested by the War and Navy Departments is a more definite and consistent program for physical training, fitness, and health. Individual health is essential to national efficiency and to maximum war effort. A million men have been rejected for military service because of inability to meet minimum military standards of physical fitness. The University System has already taken such steps as necessary to bring each individual student to his highest possible level of physical fitness.
Physical training means that students shall have both skill as furnished by such games as football, basketball, track, hockey, etc., and ability to walk long distances and after reasonable rest to be able to repeat the walk without experiencing sore muscles or other ill effects. The physical program provides training for each student in giving commands to groups and to execute them with precision requiring muscular coordination.
For the first time in the history of American education a unified program has been adopted to place the resources of the colleges and universities of this country at the command of the Federal Government for the duration of the war. We have a stupendous job ahead of us, gearing our industries to produce planes and tanks and submarines and guns and ammunition and transporting them to the far corners of the world.
The present war is a game in which the winners take all. There
17

is no second prize. "America may produce most of the world's

steel and automobiles and bath tubs and radios and lipsticks and fin-

gernail polish, but th9.se things_do not win wars." The armed

forces of our country must have first claim on our expert scientific

faculty members. But education must go on.



In these critical days we can expect to ~e the University System more closely allied to the national war program month by month; for it can no more be education as usual. In the past freshmen have faced adjustment to college problems. but this year they will face adjustment to military problems.

While the major work of the University System must be war training so as to win the war in the quickest possible time and with as little sacrifice as possible, at the same time in our colleges of liberal arts greater emphasis is being put on the social sciences and a clearer understanding of the American culture and heritage.

In this changed world there will be need for changes in our research work and in the objectives of certain units. Yet the University System must always emphasize that its real function is to do its best to educate men and women who can deal with the problems of peace which though less glamorous are more subtle and complicated.

The first part of my report deals with the war activities of the University System as reported by the heads; the next part with statistical information; and the final part with new objectives- a state industrial experiment research agency. and trade schools that will serve relatively larger areas.

THE UNIVERSITY SYSTEM'S WAR ACTIVITIES
Attention cannot be called too often to the importance of college training to the successful prosecution of the war effort. Expanding the armed forces to dimensions far beyond the present, or any previous years. requires a parallel increase in the number of officers and other men with specialized skills. Men with college training are the logical and essential source of this important leadership.
Service in the present crisis is not confined to the armed forces alone. It is equally important to provide a substantial increase in the supply of men and women whose scientific and professional training makes today's war weapons possible- guns and other machines which are more complicated and more necessary than ever before.
We must consider the need for trained leadership in every walk of
18

life, during the war years which lie ahead, and the critical period of reconstruction which will follow the cessation of hostilities. It is evident .that the colleges and universitie&o have enormous responsibilities, for upon them depends primarily the continual flow of trained personnel. World War II is the kind of war in which every individual must play his part, if the American way of life is to be preserved. The highest type of training in accordance with the abilities and needs of each individual is the cornerstone of democracy; such training must be our aim. Regardless of the type of service to which the nation eventually calls men and women, their contribution to the war effort will be greater and our effectiveness as a nation will be enhanced. President Roosevelt said, " America will always need men and women with college training."
INCOME FROM STUDENT SOURCES
Chancellor Chandler of the Oregon State System of Higher Education in his Biennial Report to the Governor of Oregon for 1941-42 has this to say in discussing " Income from Student Sources ":
"During the past biennium a very significant part of the total income of the Department of Higher Education arose from student fees. This proportion- 31 % amounting to $1,54 3,000 for the biennium- exceeded that paid for the same purpose by students in any of the other eleven western states except Utah.
" Here are the instructional expenditures met from student fees of the universities of the eleven western states: Utah 33%; Oregon 31%; Colorado 29%; Montana 25%; California 25%; Washington 23%; Arizona 23%; Wyoming 19%; New Mexico 18%; Idaho 17% ; Nevada 14%. Fees for resident students at Oregon's state institutions of higher education are in the highest of eleven western states."
Here are the instructional expenditures from student fees in the University System of Georgia: Senior colleges, 43.9%; junior colleges, 27% or 40.7%. The Oregon State System of Higher Education had a biennium income from student fees of $1.54 3,000, whereas the University System of Georgia had an annual income from student fees of $1,530,552, or twice as dependent as Oregon on student fees for support.
The following facts show how the dollar was provided for the
support of the University System: Student fees, 31.1 %; state appro-
19

pnat10n, 33.5%; United States appropnat10n, 20.7%; gifts and endowments, 2. 7% ; sal_es and mi~ellaneous, 12.0%.
But if we omit the contributions made by the United States Government to Agricultural Extension and General Extension, then this is the picture: Student fees, 40.7%; United States appropriations, 3. 2% ; state appropriation, 41. 7% ; vocational funds, 4. 2% ; gifts and endowments, 3. 9% ; sales and service, 3. 6% ; other educational, 2.7%.
How the dollar was spent: By function, administrative and general, 10.8%; operation and maintenance, 10.0%; libraries, 3.7%; instructional, 45.3%; research, 9.9%; Agricultural Extension, 17.2%; other, 2.9%.
By object: Salaries and wages, 77.0%; supplies and expenses, 17.3%; repairs, 0.5%; equipment, 4.1%; other, 1.1%.
Chancellor Chandler says that, "the question may well be raised as to whether this policy produces an optimum outcome in benefits to the public from the operation of the state's function in higher education. In view of the fact that less than 25% of the state's high school graduates attend college at all, this policy may deprive the state of much of its best potential leadership. This is emphasized by such studies as the recent survey of high school graduates in Minnesota in which it was shown that outside the metropolitan area less than 50% of the ablest 10% of high scho.ol graduates have been able to reach college for financial reasons. Furthermore the shortages of highly trained leadership for the pressing demands of the war effort have raised serious questions as to our past policies of preparing leadership. At the moment when our armed forces were calling for these ablest leaders with special preparation by the hundreds of thousands, less than 850,000 students were found to be enrolled in our 699 recognized colleges and universities- somewhat less than 12% of the college age group. Under these circumstances the state should give serious consideration to the revision of its present fee policy."
State support for the University System is $400,000 below what it was 12 years ago. When the appropriations act was passed, little consideration so far as the units in the University System were concerned, was given to the loss of income by the lowering of the draft age. This lowering of the draft age; the enlistment of women in the WAVES, the WACS, the SPARS, the Nurses; the large wages paid women as well as men in war, navy, and air industriesthe fuse factory at Macon, the Bell Aircraft at Marietta, Moody
20

Field at Valdosta, and elsewhere- have reduced and will continue to reduce college enrollment Jar the cLuration.
As I have stated previously the one purpose of the University System is to assist in winning the war. Nothing else counts. No matter how great nor how sincere our patriotism may be, we have to face facts, and the facts are these: Our appropriation will have to be increased 50% or more, or fees increased, if all the units in the University System are to operate on the calendar year- twelve months instead of nine months. Our instructional staffs are paid a salary based on nine months, but with an accelerated or telescoped program of twelve months additional state funds are needed, particularly as there is a large decline in supporting funds from student fees and our auxiliary enterprises.
Universities cannot compete with the Federal Government nor with war industries in salaries. Increased salaries must be paid if we are to hold our competent men. Some increases must be made to hold those members of the faculty essential to carrying forward the curricula of the armed forces detailed for training at the various units in the University System of Georgia. All salaries should be increased.
OPERATING COSTS
Operating costs of the University System have increased materially in spite of a decline in enrollment of regular fee-paying students. Salaries, wages, supplies, and materials cannot be reduced proportionately to enrollment. For example, a fifty per cent drop in a class of forty still leaves twenty students who require a teacher, a classroom, heat, light, janitor service, and almost as much supplies and equipment as the original class of forty. Wherever possible, classes have been combined or courses discontinued temporarily, but this by no means balances the loss of income from student fees or the high market costs which the University System, like every business or family, is meeting.
During the current year, in an effort to offset reduced students, economies have been achieved by reducing purchasing of supplies and materials, and by reduction of staff through leaves of absence for military service. Further reductions will be made wherever possible to compensate for the decline in student fees and increased cost of supplies and materials.
The Chancellor and his associates are doing all they can to have each unit in the University System inspected by the Joint Com-
21

mittee for the Selection of Non-Federal Educational Institutions. " It must be clear that as;tual cont~:acts will be let only to those institutions whose facilities, upon inspection, prove acceptable to the designated branch of the armed services and in the event that the proper contracts are acceptable to the colleges or universities."
We are particularly anxious for our institutions to 'be inspected by the War Department for Basic Training under the Army Specialized Training Program; for training in the Basic Medical Sciences (two years); for the WACS, and for Army V-12; by the Navy Department for Pre-Medical Training; for Basic Medical Sciences (two years); for U. S. Marine Corps Women's Reserve; for the WAVES, and for Navy V -12.
The University System is anxious to lend its entire physical plant, laboratories, equipment, and faculties to aid the War, Navy, Air, and all other departments of the armed forces in winning the war in the quickest possible time. We are ready to comply with any request made by the armed forces.
OFFICER TRAINING
The citizens of our country have never had an adequate notion of the contributions of state universities and land-grant colleges, with a student enrollment of approximately a million, to the aid of our national defense program. Through the years they have been training a large number of young men to be officers in the armed forces of our country. It must be emphasized that of the two hundred colleges and universities cooperating with the Civilian Aeronautics Authority (CAA) in training men as airplane pilots, only in the years to come will the American people have any real conception of this contribution to the meaning of the war.
The University System of Georgia has always maintained its belief in the principles and practices of the Reserve Officers' Training Corps, even though its importance has never been fully recognized. What a change has come over the people since Pearl Harbor and Bataan!
At the annual meeting of the Natio.nal Association of State Universities and Land-Grant Colleges, Chicago, November, 1941, General Lane said:
"I wish to tell you gentlemen who represent institutions that give R. 0. T. C. training that you have much cause for satisfaction in the contributions to date.
22

"General Marshall says there could not have been a mobilization without the Officers' Reserve Co~ps, and I say to you there could not have been an Officers' Reserve Corps, without the R. 0. T. C. Roughly, 86 per cent of out young officers are in the grade of Lieutenant, and approximately 85 pu cent of the 86 per cent are R. 0. T. C. graduates. The satisfactory service they have given, and the results that have been accomplished are little short of marvelous."
More than a year before Pearl Harbor the University System of Georgia had begun its immediate and specific program of training for the armed forces with the inauguration of Civilian Pilot Training at the University of Georgia, the Georgia School of Technology, Middle Georgia College, and Abraham Baldwin Agricultural College. This program included both ground school work and flight training conducted in connection with regular class work on the several campuses.
Almost since their inception the University and Georgia Tech have given basic military training and advanced training for selected groups in the Reserve Officers' Training Corps, with the graduates receiving commissions as reserve officers. The North Georgia College, a junior college, has been designated for several years as one of the eight essentially military schools in America. Recently, the armed forces have designated institutions of higher learning as training centers for reserve officers with students enlisted in one of the several branches of the armed forces, such as the Army, Navy, Marine Corps, Army Air Force, Coast Guard, Navy Pre-Flight School, Navy V-1. V-5, V-7, and V-12.
The following itemization gives some evidence of the manpower contribution of the University System to combat service:
THE UNIVERSITY OF GEORGIA
1. R. 0. T. C. graduates for 1942-43________________________________ 108 2. R. 0. T. C. graduates for past five years __________________________ 564 3. Civilian Pilot Training Cadets _____ ---------------------------------- 94 4. Army, Navy, Marines, Coast Guard______________________________ 328 5. Army Air Corps Enlisted Reserve__________________________________ 31 6. Navy V -1 and V -7------------------------------------------------------ 100 7. Navy Officers Flying SchooL________________________________________ 190 8. Navy V -5 (Navy Cadets)---------------------------------------------- 40 9. Navy Pre-Flight School, individuals______________________________ 6452 10. Signal Corps-Army, individuals_______________________________ 4907 11. Army Specialized Training Program______________________________ 636
23

GEORGIA SCHOOL OF TECHNOLOGY
1. R. 0. T. C. graduates for 19"42-4 3 ________________________________ 173 2. R. 0. T. C. graduates for past five years________________________ 921 3. Army-Navy C. P. T --------------------------------------------------- 182 4. Civilian Pilot Training Cadets________________________________________ 467
5. Students in various enlisted reserve corps________________________ 1471 6. Specialists from armed forces __________________________________________ 500 7. School of Aeronautics____________________________________________________ 500
8. U. S. Signal Corps Radio________________________________________________ 255 9. Vocational Education-National Defense______________________ 568
10. Engineering Science War Training_________________________________ 326
11. Naval R. 0. T. C.-------------------------------------------------------- 1050
12. Army Specialized Training Program_____________________________ 1050 GEORGIA EVENING COLLEGE
I. Enlisted Reserve Corps---------------------------------------------------- 3 0 5
GEORGIA STATE COLLEGE FOR WOWEN 1. Navy, Coast Guard, Marines (Women)------------------------ 800
NORTH GEORGIA COLLEGE 1. Students enrolled in various enlisted reserve corps____________ 3 3 2. Army Specialized Training Program______________________________ 3 0 3
MIDDLE GEORGIA COLLEGE
I. Students enrolled in various enlisted reserve corps__________ 41
2. 50th College Training Detachment (Air Crew)____________ 320
3. Civilian Pilot Training (completed)---------------------------- 1 i6
ABRAHAM BALDWIN AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE 1. Civilian Pilot Training__________________________________________________ 113 2. CAA-WTP (Army Air Forces) 50 every six weeks,
increased to 100 every six weeks____________________________________ 500
24

THE UNIVERSITY OF GEORGIA
DEAR CHANCELLOR SANFORD:
Yau have asked for a report on the work being done by the University of Georgia in connection with the war program. I asked the dean of each school and college and the head of each administrative department to prepare a statement regarding the work that is being done in his school, college, or department. These reports will give you in detail most of the information in which you are interested. I am, however, setting forth in this report certain general statements about the war program of the University of Georgia.
Signal Corps
In January, 1942, the University was approached by representatives of the Midland Radio School who wished to establish in Athens a unit of the school for the purpose of offering instruction in radio work to men enlisted in the Army. The Midland Radio School had made a contract with the United States Army under the terms of which the school would train several thousand radio operators and mechanics each year. It was the desire of the Midland School officials to obtain a lease on certain facilities of the University of Georgia that might be utilized in connection with the operation of the proposed school in Athens. In view of the fact that the University had already made a commitment to provide for a Navy pre-flight school, we were unable to set aside any dormitories or classroom buildings on the campus for the use of the men enlisted in the radio school. The University did, however, lease from the Pan-American Life Insurance Company the Old Costa Building on Washington Street. This building was thoroughly renovated and was placed in such condition that it could be used for the housing of approximately 250 men. The University also made available to the Radio School the use of Denmark Dining Hall. An annex to this building was constructed so that the facilities of the dining hall would be sufficient to take care of the number of men detailed to the Radio School in Athens. For the past several months, approximately eighteen hundred men have been fed at the Denmark Dining Hall. It has been necessary to feed them in three shifts. We propose to make certain additional changes in the interior arrangement of Denmark Hall so that it will take care of the larger number of men who must be provided for. Perhaps I should say that the
25

men who are not housed in the Costa Building have been assigned to various hotels in Athens and also to space that has been made available to the Radio School in various downtown buildings. The University has no jurisdiction over any of the houses in which these men Jive except the Costa Building.
U. S. Navy Pre-Flight School
In December, 1941, negotiations were opened between the University of Georgia and Lieutenant Commander D. Ward Harrigan of the Naval Reserve Base in Atlanta looking toward the location on the University of Georgia campus of one of the four U. S. Navy pre-flight schools that the Navy Department proposed to establish in the United States. Commander Harrigan's visit to the University campus during the Christmas holidays of 1941 was followed by visits of representatives from the Charleston Navy Yard and from the Navy Department in Washington. About two months after negotiations were begun, the Navy announced officially from Washington that the Universtty of Georgia had been chosen as a site for one of these schools.
The U. S. Navy Pre-Flight School was formally commissioned on June 4, 1942. Captain C. E. Smith, U. S. N., Retired, was made Commandant of the school by the Navy Department, and Lieutenant Commander D. C. Woodward was designated as Executive Officer. It was contemplated that about two hundred naval officers would be assigned to executive and instructional work in the school and that there would be approximately 1,875 students. According to the plan of the Navy School, students are supposed to come to the University of Georgia campus for three months of training before being sent on to other schools for flight instruction. The instruction offered at the Navy Pre-Flight School on the University campus is a part of a comprehensive physical conditioning and indoctrination program. Formal dedication exercises for the school were held in Sanford Stadium on the afternoon of June 18, 1942. This was a very colorful and impressive occasion. Speakers on the program included Chancellor S. V. Sanford, Governor Eugene Talmadge, Rear Admiral John H. Towers, Rear Admiral William Glassford, Captain A. W. Radford, Captain C. E. Smith, and President Harmon W. Caldwell.
The U.S. Navy Pre-Flight School has acquired the use of various classroom buildings, gymnasia, athletic fields, swimming pools, dor-
26

mitories, and dining halls. The plant of the University of Georgia
was not sufficient to provide for all at the needs of the Navy and
it was necessary, therefore, for certain new buildings to be erected and for annexes t<> be made to other buildings.
The existing buildings which have been turned over for exclusive use by the Navy are: Baldwin Hall, Woodruff Hall, Physical Education Building, Agronomy Barn, Lucas House, Faculty Club Building. The buildings just mentioned are used by the Navy for instructional and administrative work.
The Navy took over for its exclusive use the following dormitories and dining halls: Old College, Candler Hall, Joe Brown, Milledge, Mary Lyndon, Soule Hall, New Girls' Cafeteria, Memorial Hall, and the Agricultural Adjustment Building.
Although the Navy does not have exclusive occupancy of the following buildings, it does occupy considerable space in them: Forestry Building, Dawson Hall, Barrow Hall, Conner Hall, Fine Arts Building.
The University was unable to provide the Navy students with adequate living quarters in existing dormitories. It became necessary, therefore, to erect three additional dormitories accommodating approximately 450 men. These new dormitories are located on the agricultural campus and are use.d exclusively by the Navy. They are situated on the hill between the Forestry Building and the Central of Georgia Railway tracks. These buildings are of a permanent type of construction and can be utilized by the University to a great advantage after the war.
The University did not have sufficient gymnasium space to meet the needs of the Navy. Accordingly an annex was constructed to Memorial Hall at a cost of approximately $125,000 and assigned to the Navy for its exclusive use. The facilities in this annex can be utilized after the war in connection with an expanded and comprehensive program of intra-mural sports.
Dining hall facilities on the north campus of the University were inadequate for the Navy's needs. An annex was erected to Baldwin Hall that will serve as a dining hall for the Navy students as long as the Navy School is on the campus. If after the war Baldwin Hall should be used again by the Demonstration School, the new annex may be utilized as a combination auditorium and gymnasium for demonstration school students.
27

The Navy needed additional space for housing its busses and cars. A garage was constructed on 4he east side of Jackson Street on property owned by the University. This garage is a brick structure and can be used by the University later for housing its trucks.
A large part of the program of the Navy School is concerned with outdoor athletic activities. The tracks and playing fields of the University were not adequate to meet the Navy's requirements. The Navy has, therefore, at a cost of approximately $45,593 constructed a track on a field on the north campus lying between Memorial Hall and Lumpkin Street. The old Agronomy plats lying to the south of the AAA Building on the agricultural campus have been converted into playing fields. We are indebted to Governor Talmadge and to the State Highway Department for the use of the state highway equipment and personnel in grading these fields and making them suitable for use as playing fields. The space that has been developed in this area includes four full-sized football fields and other space that may be used for baseball and similar outdoor sports.
The Navy took over the Agronomy Barn that was situated on one side of the playing fields on the south campus and is now using it as a field house. This building was not large enough to provide facilities for all the students and it was necessary to erect a new building. The Navy has built a new field house adjacent to these fields at a cost of $55,640. This building is one of unusual beauty and can be used by the University to great advantage following the war.
Perhaps I should mention the fact that the Navy has acquired the use of the American Legion pool and field. The American Legion and the City of Athens have very generously made this pool and field available to the Navy. This property, like other property used by the Navy, is maintained and operated by the University.
Extensive remodeling of certain buildings has been necessary in order to make them suitable for use by the Navy. Old College and Candler Hall have been practically rebuilt inside. They are now as good as any of the recently constructed dormitories on the University campus. The total cost of remodeling of Old College and Candler Hall was borne by the University at a cost of $50,214, with the exception of $5,000 for extra plumbing. This was paid jointly by the University and the Navy.
The cost of most of the new construction that was done on the campus for the Navy is borne equally by the Navy and by the Uni-
28

versity. It is stipulated that the title to all new structures is held by the University and it will be the absolute property of the University when the Navy School leaves. The total cost of new constructiOn and repairs and alterations to existing buildings is approximately $550,000. Of this sum, the Navy will pay $318,671. The fact that the Navy is paying more than half the total is accounted for by the fact that it paid all the cost of converting certain existing buildings to Navy purposes.
FACULTY MEMBERS NOW SERVING IN THE ARMED FORCES
Thirty-two members of the University faculty are now on leave of absence from the University and are serving in the armed forces of the United States. I am listing below the names of those who are serving in the armed forces and the positions that they hold:
COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES:
C. J. Brockman, Major, U. S. Army G. W. Crickmay, Lieutenant, U.S.N.R. Edward C. Crouse, Private, U. S. Army John 0. Eidson, Lieutenant, U. S. Army James E. Fleming, Private, U. S. Army Reuben Gambrell, Private, U. S. Army Ludwig Roland Kuhn, Lieutenant, U. S. Army Alan Kuzmicki, Midshipman, U.S.N.R. Horace 0. Lund, Lieutenant, U.S.N.R. Merritt B. Pound, Captain, U. S. Army Air Corps R. G. Stephens, Lieutenant, U. S. Army Robert H. West, Private, Army Air Corps T. H. Whitehead, Captain, U. S. Army C. N. Wilder, Lieutenant Colonel, U. S. Army
SCHOOL OF LAW: J. Alton Hosch, Lieutenant Colonel, U. S. Army
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE: J. W. Firor, Major, U. S. Army Air Corps J. D. Greiner, First Lieutenant, U. S. Army Dock A. Hatcher, Ensign, U.S.N.R. W. E. Hudson, First Lieutenant, U. S. Army Drayton Kinard, First Lieutenant, U. S. Army Frank Lanham, Captain, U. S. Army T. H. McHatton, Colonel, U. S. Army J. L. Shepherd, Captain, U. S. Army Darrell T. Sullivan, Ensign, U.S.N.R.
SCHOOL OF FORESTRY: LeRoy Watson, Lieutenant, U.S.N.R.
COLLEGE OF EDUCATION: Mary Haygood, Third Officer, W.A.C. Howell Hollis, Lieutenant, U.S.N.R. J. V. Sikes, Lieutenant, U.S.N.R. Stanton J. Singleton, U.S.N.R.
29

COLLEGE OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION: C. F. Scheider, Lieutenant, U. S. Army G. W. Sutton, Lieut:nant, U.S~.R.
ADMINISTRATIVE OFFICERS: Ralph H. Parker, Private, U. S. Army
FACULTY MEMBERS ENGAGED IN OTHER WAR WORK
In addition to the thirty-two members of the faculty who are in the armed forces, twenty-five members of the University faculty are now on leave of absence from the University for the purpose of doing various types of war work. The names of those who are now employed in various civilian capacities are:
COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES: T. T. Beck, Civilian Instructor, Navy Pre-Flight School, Athens Calvin S. Brown, Principal Cryptographer, Intelligence Service, Washington, D. C. Wendell H. Brown, Instructor, C.P.T., University of Georgia School of Aviation Wilbur H. Duncan, U. S. Department of Agriculture Joseph B. Gittler, State Planning Board of Virginia Earl S. McCutchen, Research Fellow in Ceramics at Ohio State University Edd Winfield Parks, Principal Cryptographer, Intelligence Service C. A. Wall, Principal Cryptographer, Intelligence Service Clair L. Worley, U.S.D.A., Experimental Rubber Plant Production, Haiti Benjamin J. Woodbridge, Roosevelt Fellow, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil
SCHOOL OF LAW: Brainerd Currie, O.P.A., Washington, D. C. Thomas F. Green, Jr., O.P.A., Atlanta, Ga. James A. Spruill, O.P.A., Washington, D. C.
SCHOOL OF FORESTRY: George Norman Bishop, South Carolina Commission of Forestry
COLLEGE OF EDUCATION: 0. C. Aderhold, Director, High School Victory Corps, Georgia J. K. Boddiford, Instructor, U. S. Pre-Flight School, Athens Hal W. Clements, Instructor, U. S. Navy Pre-Flight School, Athens James E. Greene, O.P.A., Washington, D. C. Floyd Jordan, U. S. Department of Agriculture Travis Osborne, Instructor, U. S. Navy Pre-Flight School, Athens
COLLEGE OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION: Herman A. Ellis, Instructor in Naval Training School, University of Indiana Harold M. Heckman, St. Johns River Shipbuilding Corp., Jacksonville, Fla. Robert T. Segrest, Regional Office of War Labor Board W. J. Winter, St. Johns River Shipbuilding Corp., Jacksonville, Fla.
SCHOOL OF HOME ECONOMICS: Mrs. Leland R. Alexander, Head Dietitian, Navy Pre-Flight School
30

Several members qf the faculty are serving on various committees and boards. For instance, Professor E. S. Sell is a member of the Clarke County Rationing Board. P~:o~ssor Harold D. White of the College of Agriculture is on the Farm Machinery Committee of the State War Board. Professor Fred W. Bennett of the College of Agriculture is Offidal Cheese Inspector, Lend-Lease Shipment, Southeastern States. Professor Claude Chance and Professor E. H. Dixon are serving as members of the Clarke County Draft Board, and Harmon Caldwell is serving as a member of the Draft Appeal Board No. 3 of the Selective Service System of Georgia. At least twenty members of the faculty are enlisted in the State Guard.
Students and Alumni in Service
The Alumni Office is now engaged in compiling a list of alumni who are serving in the armed forces of the United States. The Alumni Office now has the names and ranks of approximately two thousand men who are in service. It is estimated that there are at least another three thousand in service whose names have not yet been catalogued in the Alumni Office. We believe that five thousand is .a conservative estimate of the number of students and alumni who are now serving in the armed forces. It is also estimated that 90 per cent of the University students and alumni hold commissions.
War Work of Alumni Office
I. Developing and maintaining a new file of alumni in the Armed Forces.
2. "Record" is sent to Army camps and U. S. 0. libraries. 3. "Alumni War Council" composed of one local key-alumnus
in each of sixty Georgia towns: first, to arrange with local civic clubs to invite faculty members to speak on the University in wartime. Second, to cooperate with the War Information Center established at the University by the Government, to disseminate facts about the war. 4. Tying in closely with War efforts of the University. 5. Editing a guide pamphlet for Navy Pre-Flight cadets. 6. Publication of "News Bulletin" during the summer to check addresses and give alumni developments at the University.
Adjustments in the Academic Program
It was pointed out in the annual report of the University for 1941-42 that the University had adopted an accelerated program
31

and was conducting all of its classes on a four-quarter basis. Practically all of our students are working throughout the year and have given up all thoughts of summer vacation.
It was also pointed out in the annual report that the University faculty has voted to give to a student who has completed satisfactorily at least half a quarter's work full credit for the work of that quarter if he is prevented from finishing the quarter by reason of the fact that he is called into the service of the armed forces. The faculty has also voted to give to seniors credit for the entire last quarter of their senior year if they are prevented from taking that quarter's work by reason of the fact that they are called into the service of any branch of the armed forces.
The faculty has made many changes in the content of their courses m order to make these courses better conform to war needs. For instance, there is a greater emphasis than ever before on the sciences, mathematics, and other subjects that peculiarly fit students for war service. Several schools and colleges are offering various short courses for those who expect to engage in war service. The courses in food production listed in Dean Paul W. Chapman's report are typical:
Community Food Plant Operation. About 100 women were trained to operate community canning plants to take the place of men called to the armed forces. Georgia has 500 such plants; more than any other state in the nation.
Quick-Freezing. Using the locker plant installed in the summer of 1942, two courses in quick-freezing foods-fruits, vegetables, and meat have been given. Attendance approximately 90.
Dehydration. Using the equipment installed in the summer of 1942, three courses in the dehydration of food have been given. More than I 00 community plants for food drying may be established in Georgia this year. The College will offer courses to train the operators.
Milk-Plant Operation. Department of Dairying has course for commercial operators arranged. It is held in cooperation with the Georgia Dairy Association. Attendance indicated 30.
Poultry Production. Three courses annually with an average enrollment of 250 are held in Poultry Production. An increase of 22 per cent in the State's production was made last year.
32

In spite of the fact that the University's research facilities are limited, certain faculty mempers are. e11gaged in research work that may prove useful to the Government. For instance, the report of Dean Chapman shows that research work is being done in the field of fqod production. Certain members of the faculty of the School of Pharmacy have been endeavoring to perfect their discovery that China Berries may be converted into industrial alcohol. If alcohol can be derived from some such source as this, it may release for food consumption vast quantities of grain.
Plans in Process of Development
The University has recently set up within its administrative framework a War Service Program under the direction of Mr. Robert M. Strozier. Mr. Strozier is working in close cooperation with the U. S. Office of Education, the directors of the ESMWT Program, the State Director of the High School Victory Corps Program, and with the Army Specialized Training Division in an effort to develop to the greatest possible extent courses of study related to the war effort. We have already been asked to set up on a college level courses paralleling the courses given in the high schools under the High School Victory Corps Program. These are pre-induction courses designed primarily for sixteen- and seventeen-year-old students who will be able to spend a year or two in college before being called into the Army. We are also making plans to offer this summer special three- week courses for the training of high school teachers to offer the Victory Corps programs on the high school level. The University has also been designated as an institution in which high school teachers will be trained for offering pre-flight courses. We expect to use the faculty of our School of Aviation for offering these courses during the coming summer.
Other Activities
Dean Chapman's report shows the extent to which the college farm, the dairy, and the new food processing plant have expanded their facilities for producing and processing food. The University dining halls used by the Navy and Army are taking all of the food that the College of Agriculture can produce and thereby making it unnecessary for the University to buy as much food from outside sources as it would otherwise have to buy.
. 33

Food Research

Dehydration

The College of Agriculture built one of the first dehydration

plants in the states.

At this plant, research work is conducted for the purpose of

making it available to the 500 or more food processing plants m

Georgia.



A committee for the purpose of publishing and distributing this information has been appointed. Professor H. J. B. Turner represents the College.

This work is being done in cooperation with the Vocational

Division, State Department of Education.

,

Dehydrators of many types are being tested for the Extension Service. These are the types of cabinets and dryers designed for use in farm homes.

Food Production and Processing
The College of Agriculture is making every effort to increase food prqduction on the farm and processing in its food plants and laboratories. The following are examples of these activities:
1. Production on the Horticultural Farm has been increased. The annual income, as anticipated in the budget, was earned in five months. More than $1,000 worth of turnip greens were sold this fall; all vegetable acreage has been increased.
2. A sweet potato curing house has been built on the farm, and is partially filled at this time.
3. More than 7,000 gallons of fruits and vegetables have been put up for the dining halls in our Food Processing Plant.
4. A valuable crop of sage has been grown and is being harvested and dehydrated; this product is now available in limited form.
5. Hog production has been increased; a garbage feeding project started.
6. Our poultry business now exceeds $10,000.00 a month. 7. Poultry dressing equipment has been installed. 8. More than 1,000 turkeys produced and sold for Thanks-
giving and Christmas.
34

9. Our creamery is now processing more than $15,000.00 worth of milk a ti].Onth.
I 0. Our food business is ten times as large as it was three years ago.
11. We are operating a Freezer-Locker Plant; we have 120 lockers; we have more than ten tons of frozen food on storage for the University and our patrons.
12. We have assumed major responsibilities in supplying food for University dining halls where Army and Navy men (approximately 4,000) take their meals.
The report of the College of Education shows that certain members of the faculty of that college have been called upon to write various important bulletins for use by agencies of the Federal Government. The following are some of the bulletins that are being prepared by members of the faculty of the College of Education for the U. S. Office of Education:
Repair and Construction of Farm Machinery Increasing Milk Production Increasing Poultry for Meat Production Increasing Egg Production Increasing Pork Production Increasing Beef Production Increasing Mutton, Lamb, and Wool Production Increasing Soybean Production Increasing Peanut Production Increasing Vegetable Production (Commercial) Conservation of Food
The University is one of the three institutions in the state that have been designated as War Information Centers. The library has collected a great deal of material bearing on various phases of the war. This material is used extensively by members of the faculty and student body and also by citizens who come to the University campus for the purpose of making use of this material. The material is also mailed out to various citizens in the state who may request it.
ROTC and Reserve Programs
The University is an ROTC institution. A full ROTC program is being carried on and approximately 564 students are enrolled in basic and advanced military courses.
In addition to the ROTC program, the University has enlisted
35

reserve programs for the Army, Navy, Marine Corps, and Coast Guard. Our records shqw that 3)8 students are enlisted in these reserve programs. There are also 31 students in the Army Air Corps Enlisted Reserve and 100 students in the Navy V -1 and V-7 programs. These numbers do not include all of our students in the various reserves, however, because many of them did not enlist through the University, and our records are, therefore, somewhat incomplete.
The War Department and the Man Power Commission have requested the University to supply full data regarding its faculty and facilities. This was done in December. Army engineers visited the University and made personal inspection of our plant. As a result this institution was named as one of the universities and colleges to which a group of inducted men will be detailed for specialized war training.
SCHOOL OF AVIATION
Since the summer of 1941 the University of Georgia School of Aviation has been offering flight instruction and ground instruction under the auspices of the Civilian Pilot Training program. Up to the present time our Aviation School has turned out approximately four hundred students of whom approximately one half are now in the Army and Navy Air Forces.
The School of Aviation has only recently been designated as one of the five schools in the United States charged with the responsibility of training flight instructors for the Navy. The Navy is now sending to the University thirty students each month for instruction in all phases of flight work. We shall receive an additional thirty each month until a maximum of 180 is reached. All of the men who are coming under this program are commissioned officers in the Navy. In addition to these commissioned officers, the University is offering another course in flight instruction for V- 5 Navy cadets. The number registered in this program at any one time is forty. Mr. William Tate is Coordinator of the University of Georgia School of Aviation.
Perhaps mention should be made of the fact that we have on the campus a Civilian Defense Committee and a Civilian Morale Committee. Professor A. S. Edwards is chairman of both of these committees and his report sets forth some of the activities in which these committees are engaged. The report of Mr. William Crane, Alumni !
36

Secretary, describes the Alumni War Council that was recently created by the Board of Managers of the Alumni Society.
If you desire any more detailed i~formation about any of the special activities in connection with the war effort of the University, we shall be glad to furnish it on request.

Income and Expenditures
The report of the Treasurer which will be submitted separately and the report of the State Auditor will give a complete statement of the University's income and expenditures during the 1942-43 fiscal year. It may be said here, however, that, exclusive of agency funds, the income of the University was $3,106,874.91. Expenditures amounted to $3,069,638.79. The excess of income over expenditures was $3 7, 04 9. 12. These figures are larger than those of past years because of income from and disbursement for the Navy Pre-Flight School. A partial breakdown of the University's income and expenditures is as follows:

STATEMENT OF INCOME

Student Fees----------------------------------------------------------------------------

Endowment Income...-------------------------------------------------------------

Governmental Income:

State - Maintenance______________________________ $ 403,000.00

State - VocationaL ______________________________ __

21,956.30

Federal - VocationaL __________________________ __

25,668.08

Federal - Morrill-Nelson______________________ __

78,811.41

Clarke County-Practice School______________

11,325.00

$ 313,123.01 22,178.33

Total Governmental Income___________________________________ _ Sales and Services.. _--------------------------------------------------------- _____ _ Rents ________.._. ______________...----....--------....--------------.-..------------------Dormitories ______________------_________.._------_-------- ___.._____...._..________ _ Dining Halls.._______________..__________..__.._______________...______________._______ _ Other Income-------------------------------------------------------------------------

540,760.79 461,149.41 203,195.71
64,990.43 1,498,051.98
3,425.25

$3,106,874.91

STATEMENT OF EXPENDITURES

Administration and General Expenses________________________________ __ Instruction ______________.___________----__.._________________________.._______________ _ Research .._________..________________________________.._________________________________ __

$

66,246.07
628,737.28 16,078.79

Libraries _____.--------------------- ___---------____________.----______----___________ _ Plant Operations.__________.._____..___....___________.._____________________________ _

73,694.14 243,008.21

Organized Activities Relating to Instruction Departments 472,271.85

Dormitories and Dining Halls:

Operating Expense ---------------------------------- $1,500,676.07

Repayment to Trust Funds____________________

39,586.88 1,540,262.95

Other Non-Educational: Hospital, Examiner's Office, Statistical Bureau, V. R. A.

29,399.50

Total Expense. __...._____---------- ____....._______________ ..________ _ $3,069,638.79

Excess of Income over Expenses________________________________________ __

37,049.12

$3,106,87 4.91
37

In conclusion, allow me to thank the Chancellor and the Board of Regents for the very sympathetic and helpful manner in which you have dealt with the University ';nd for the constructive leadership and wholehearted support that you have always given to the University of Georgia.
Respectfully submitted,
HARMON CALDWELL,
President.
38

THE GEORGIA SCHOOL OF TECHNOLOGY
DEAR CHANCELLOR SANFORD:
I take pleasure in sending yqu attached reports dealing with the contributions that the Georgia School of Technology is making to the War Effort.
Contributions of the School of Aeronautics to the War Effort
Professor Montgomery Knight, Director of the Daniel Guggenheim School of Aeronautics, states that an increasing number of students are being trained as graduate Aeronautical Engineers. These men are so much in demand both in the armed services and in the aircraft manufacturing industry that they are now receiving definite offers of jobs several months before their graduation. At present 50 to 75 per cent of them are accepting reserve commissions in the Army and Navy and are going to active duty upon completing the curriculum. The remainder, of course, go into the engineering departments of the large aircraft manufacturing companies.
There are at present in residence approximately twenty-four seniors, fifty juniors and eighty-nine sophomores registered in the aeronautical courses. With our present teaching staff an absolute maximum of forty senior students is all that can be accommodated. A larger number could be taken care of by adding three new staff members.
Pilot Training Program
Georgia Tech was one of the original thirteen schools selected for the Civilian Pilot Training program. From the Fall of 1939 to July of 1942, approximately two hundred and eighty-five men completed one or more of the two courses offered (primary and secondary) on a part-time basis. At that time, only college men having completed two years of college were qualified for the courses.
On July 1, 1942, the CPT organization was taken over by the Army and Navy for the training of their pilots for the war effort. All men in the CPT courses are regularly enlisted men. All courses are full time and of eight weeks' duratiqn. These courses are composed of 240 hours of ground school instruction and 40 hours of flying time. Georgia Tech holds contracts for both elementary and secondary flight training.
The Navy has found that boys having the elementary CPT course have only one-sixth the wash-out rate of other men.
39

The Army is using the program to train their 'second best' men as service pilots in order_to relieve_their best men for combat duty.
We are now on the third Army-Navy CPT session, having had 100 men to complete the course and 82 are now training in the present program, which will be completed about January 15, 1943.
The CPT faculty is composed of four full-time men and five part-time men. To date, we have about $3,500.00 worth of equipment in addition to the regular school facilities.
The Georgia Tech CPT school is rated as the model school in this region of seven states by both the CPT officials and the Navy Air Cadet Selection Board. Their approval is shown in the fact that while many schools had their quota reduced or cut out completely, our quota has shown a steady increase from forty in the first ArmyNavy CPT program to eighty-two in the third. We have been given reason to expect one hundred trainees in the fourth program.
Helicopter Development
The Army Air Corps is becoming increasingly interested in the new type of aircraft known as the helicopter. One successful version of this type of machine is now being experimented with at the Air Corps Center at Wright Field and it is understood that contracts for an appreciable number for further military testing have been awarded.
The Georgia Tech Helicopter has been under development for over eight years and is now rapidly approaching completion. In the not far distant future it is expected that this machine will reach the point where demonstrations can be made to Army and Navy authorities.
The helicopter appears to have great potential military value as a staff liaison vehicle, for aerial observatiQn missions, and is especially promising as a means of protecting merchant ship convoys against submarine attack.
Research for Aircraft Manufacturing Companies
Our large wind tunnel has been averaging from four to six hours a day in operation in connection with a major research project being conducted under contract for one of the largest aircraft manufacturing companies. This project, while of course secret in nature, may be said to deal with increasing the performance of high-speed fighter aircraft. The results obtained so far have been most promising and
40

indicate revolutionary improvement in this type of aircraft in the near future.
Professor R. S. Howell, Director of The Evening School of Applied Science, states that our special defense and war training courses are under the supervisi~n of two federal training agencies, the Vocational Education National Defense and the Engineering, Science and Management War Training programs. The facilities of the Night School are being used by each of these programs to the limit of our ability. The Vocational Education National Defense (known as the VEND) Training program is administered through the State Department of Education, and on our campus is under the supervision of Professor R. S. King. The courses under this program are divided into two classifications, pre-employment and supplementary.
The pre-employment courses are full-time courses, eight hours a day, for training the unemployed for some specific job in as short a period as possible. These classes are supervised entirely by Professor King.
The supplementary courses are either part-time or full-time courses for the purpose of increasing the skill of a w~rker already employed in some war industry. These supplementary courses are given under the supervision of the Night School, since the majority of them are given at night. These include special trade courses in our shops, automotive ignition analysis, electric switchboard wiring, heat treating, maintenance mechanics, mechanical drafting, radio maintenance, and repair and welding.
The need of the Army for radio maintenance men is so great that all of our radio facilities are being used twenty-four hours a day for training men for the U. S. Signal Corps. We have 255 men enrolled in these radio classes, divided into three shifts of eight hours each.
Since the inauguration of these night defense courses in the Fall of 1940, we have been operating on an accelerated program of three terms a year.
During the summer s~ssion our enrollment in the VEND courses was 296. Our present enrollment for the Fall term in these courses is 568.
The Engineering, Science and Management War Training program on our campus is under the supervision of Professor R. L. Sweigert. The courses under this program given at night are handled
41

through qur Night School. Such courses include: Automotive Engineering, Chemistry of Powder and Explosives, Combustion Engineering, Cost Accounting, Drawing Analysis and Estimating, Electrical Engineering, Engineering Drawing, Industrial Chemical Analysis, Industrial Safety Engineering, Instrumental Methods of Analysis, Motion and Time Study, Personnel and Industrial Psychology, Production Supervision, Structural Design, Testing and Inspection of Construction Materials, and Textile Production Supervision.
During the summer session our enrollment in the ESMDT courses was 442. Our present enrollment for the Fall term in these courses is 326.
Our total enrollment, therefore, in all special war training courses during the summer sesson was 738 and at the present time is 894. In addition to the direct supervision of the above named courses, our night school office is the campus depository for the permanent records of all courses of non-college credit. Therefore we are placing in a permanent file the record of each student in these special war training courses whose record is submitted to us upon the completion of such a course.
Our Night School is glad to extend its service in any way possible to assist in these war training efforts.
REPORT ON COLLEGE LEVEL WAR TRAINING
at
THE GEORGIA SCHOOL OF TECHNOLOGY
As SUBMITTED BY PROFESSOR R. L. SWEIGERT
Engineering Defense Training
To meet the need for engineering and scientific training for industry, created by war production, the U. S. Office of Education sponsored an engineering training program in 1941, called "Engineering Defense Training" (EDT). Under this program twelve defense courses were given in Atlanta during the spring and summer of 1941 with a total enrollment of 224 students.
Engineering, Science, and Management Defense Training
In order to meet the needs of industry the program was expanded to include production supervision, and the name was changed to
42

"Engineering, Science, and Management Defense Training" (ESMDT).
Under this program, during the Fall of 1941 and Spring and Summer of 1942, Georgia Tech gave sixty-eight courses in eightytwo sections with a total enrollment of 1.502 students. While the greater number of the courses were given in Atlanta, courses were also given at Te>ccoa, Griffin, Thomaston, Macon, LaGrange, Rome, and Columbus. Radio Engineering, Production Engineering, Textile Testing, Motion and Time Study, and Engineering Drawing were given away from Atlanta.

Engineering, Science, and Management War Training
The program has been continued for 1942-1943 and is now called "Engineering, Science, and Management War Training" (ESMWT) . This program aids in giving technical. scientific, and production training for the Armed Forces and for Industry. However, no training is given to enlisted personnel of the Armed Services but rather to Civilian employees and officers of the forces.
The complete cost of carrying on courses under the EDT, the ESMDT, and the ESMWT programs comes from funds allocated through the Office of Education from appropriations made by Congress.
Extent of ESMWT Program to Present
The table below gives the kind and extent of War Training being given under the ESMWT program at present.

ENGINEERING
Number Sections
Drawing Analysis and Estimating________________________________ 1 Engineering Drafting____________________________________________________ 6 Electrical Engineering__________________________________________________ 1 Radio Communication__________________________________________________ 6 Fundamentals of Radio__________________________________________________ 4 Ultra-High Frequency Techniques______________________________ 1 Combustion Engineering______________________________________________ 1 Automotive Engineering________________________________________________ 2 Power Plant Engineering______________________________________________ 4 Structural Design__________________________________________________________ 1 Inspection of Construction Materials__________________________ 1 Industrial Safety Engineering______________________________________ 3 Ordnance Inspection______________________________________________________ 2 Production Engineering________________________________________________ 1

Number Students
11 121
12 122
56
10 17 48 82 10
13 49 30 16

TotaL---------------------------------------------------------------- 34

597

43

SCIENCE

Number Number Sections Students

IInnsdtursutmrieanl taAlnAalnyatliycasils__C__h_e__m__i_s__tr__Y__-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-__-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-__-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_ Chemistry of Powder and Explosives__________________________
Industrial Chemical Analysis---------------------------------------PPhhyyssiiccsalfoCrheHmiigsthrYS--c--h--o-o--l---T--e--a--c--h--e-r--s-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-__-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-__--_ Mathematics for High School Teachers_________________ _

1

9

1

13

1

14

2

27

Being formed

Being formed

1

15

TotaL---------------------------------------------------------------- 6

78

PRODUCTION SUPERVISION

Production Supervision-----------------------------------------------TMeoxttiiolne aPnroddTucimtioe nStSuduYp-e--r-v--i-s--i-o--n--_-_-_-_-__-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_ Textile Testing and Inspection_____________________________________ _
Industrial Psychology---------------------------------------------------Cost Accounting-----------------------------------------------------------

1

25

1

18

1

10

Being formed

1

33

3

58

TotaL.---------------------------------------------------------------- 7

144

Grand TotaL-------------------------------------------------------------- 47

819

The budget to the present for courses already approved under ESMWT is $58,970.13.

Most of the courses are given part-time at night. However, Ordnance Inspection, Engineering Drafting, Ultra-High Frequency Techniques, Radio Communications, Aerial Bombardment Protection, and Power Plant Engineering have been given full time, eight hours a day, for varying numbers of weeks, depending upon the course, up to twelve weeks.

Location of Training
While a large number of these courses are being given in the Atlanta area, courses are also being given in Toccoa, Savannah, Augusta, Macon, Fort Valley, Rome, LaGrange, Columbus, and Valdosta. In addition, courses are in the process of being set up at Brunswick, Thomaston, and Warner Robins Air Depot near Macon.

War Activities Being Helped
Many companies engaged in war production and many branches of the Armed Services are being aided in their war effort by training given under the War Training program. These include such companies and organizations as the LeTourneau Company of Georgia at Toccoa, the Ship Yards at Brunswick, the Bell Bomber Plant near
44

Atlanta, Textile Mills in Augusta, Utilities, Textile Mills, and the Naval Ordnance Plant in Macon, the war industries in the Atlanta area, Textile Mills in Rome: the seco;dary schools, Warner Robins Air Depot near Macon, Conley Depot (Motor Transport School), Signal Corps, Ordnance Division of the Army, Utilities Branch of the Army, Radio Training for the Air Corps, National Committee for the Conservation of Man Power, Civil Service, and commissioned officers of the Army and Navy. Earlier in the year trammg in "Aerial Bombardment Protection" was given for the Civilian Defense program.
Engineering Drafting
One of the great war needs in a large number of plants is a sufficient number of trained people in engineering drafting. Ideas, plans. and designs have to be expressed in proper language on the drafting board before production can proceed. This need is being met by the operation of several continuous sections in engineering drafting in which students may enter at any time since instruction is on an individual basis. This arrangement results in people being available almost continuously. One section was trained for Civil Service on a full-time basis, eight hours a day for twelve weeks.
Automotive Engineering
A continuous program is in operation training supervisors and instructors for the Motor Transport Base. Every few weeks a group completes their training and a new group begins. Two sections are in continuous operation at present.
Power Plant Engineering
Millions of dollars worth of fuel are being consumed in the Fourth Service Command, which covers the Southeast. To save fuel and transportation of fuel, training in efficient power plant operation was asked for by the Utilities Branch of the Army. Groups of key men were sent to Atlanta by the Army, and these men were given power plant and combustion training eight hours a day. Four groups at different times were sent in from all over the Southeast. Georgia Tech was the only school selected for this training and the first in the country. This program was considered so successful by the Army officials in Washington that they decided to give similar training in other Service Commands.
45

Radio Communication
To help the Signal Corps in"'its great need for trained men in Radio Communications, three simultaneous sections are in training eight hours a day for periods of twelve weeks. The very best of these men are sent on to advanced training schools called Radar schools. The others go into active work for the Signal Corps. Arrangements are being made to have four simultaneous sections.
In addition, training in the Fundamentals of Radio has been given and is being given in Savannah, Macon, LaGrange, Rome, and Columbus. Many of those finishing this training have gone into the Signal Corps work. This training was put on for the benefit of the Broadcasting Companies as well as the Army, since many of them lost many men to the Armed Services.
The Air Corps is also served by the above training.
Advanced communication training called "Ultra-High Frequency Techniques" was given eight hours a day for twelve weeks to commissioned officers of the Army and the Navy. A special course of the same kind was given to Georgia Tech seniors who are now in the Armed Services in Communications. The Ultra-High Frequency program for the Georgia Tech Electrical Engineering seniors is being continued.
Industrial Safety Engineering
To aid the National Committee for the Conservation of Man Power, a state-wide program in industrial safety is being carried on. The need for this training is indicated by reports showing the amount of time lost from accidents.
Classes are in operation in Augusta, Columbus, and Atlanta. Classes are in the process of formation in Rome, Toccoa, and Macon. In Toccoa the men will be paid for the time they spend in this training. In Macon requests for the training have come from textile mills, the utilities, and the Warner Robins Air Depot, where approximately 8,000 people are employed. Training is desired for 200 key men at the Depot. The Macon program is now being arranged. In addition, classes will likely be formed in Savannah and Brunswick.
The Georgia School of Technology has been selected to give fulltime training in safety to selected personnel working for the Armed Forces in this area. The program is likely to be quite large and is now being formulated in cooperation with Army and Committee for the Conservation of Man Power Committee officials.
46

High School Program
Due to the need for mathematics-and physics trammg in the high schools in connection with the war effort, a program is being fostered in cooperation with the State Department of Education, the GEA. and other colleges in the state to give additional training in physics and in mathematics to high school teachers now active and also to others who would be qualified to teach in high schools after having this training.
While one class has already been arranged for, the general development of the program has been delayed pending the completion of syllabi for mathematics and physics.
The Bell Bomber Plant
Many courses have been given which have been of help to the Bomber Plant. These courses include production supervision, motion and time study, cost accounting, industrial safety, and engineering drafting.
As the Bell officials crystallize their training needs additional courses will be arranged, and contact is being maintained with their officials to this end.
It appears that training for loftsmen and loftswomen and for aviation draftsmen and draftswomen will be required first. Other Bell needs will be satisfied as various developments reach the stage where courses can be tailor-made to give the training needed.
Training for Colored Students at the State Colleges for Colored Students
To provide war training for colored students, a radio course has been set up at Georgia State College at Thunderbolt under the supervision of Georgia State College, and a chemistry course is in operation at Fort Valley under the supervision of Fort Valley State College.
Training for Women
With the shortage of technical men created by engineering talent entering the Armed Services, calls are being made for draftswomen and women who can function in minor engineering positions and in engineering work of a more elementary character.
Training in chemistry, ordnance inspection, and engineering drafting have been given to women. The Bell Bomber Plant has requested women for loft work.
47

A program to give female college graduates fundamental engineering training on either a part-time ar a full-time basis so that they can do some of the elementary work in engineering departments, and also to give a basis for further engineering training, where advisable, is under consideration. A request for this training has been made by Civil Service and the Office of Education.
It is hoped that further aid can be rendered to Georgia industry. To this end, the cooperation of the Associated Industries of Georgia and the Georgia Cotton Manufacturers Association will be obtained if possible.
This program does provide an excellent opportunity for the Georgia School of Technology to have a much closer relationship to Georgia industry and the school can make one of its greatest contributions to the development of the state through its aid to Georgia industry.
These reports, of course, do not show all that this institution is doing for the NATIONAL DEFENSE program. In addition, we have a number of faculty members engaged in other types of governmental and public service.
Dr. J. H. Howey, Head of our Department of Physics, was sent to Massachusetts Institute of Technology for special training in Electronics so that he might supervise that phase of training at Georgia Tech.
Likewise Professor P. C. Callaway, at the Government's request, was sent to St. Louis for several weeks' training in Explosives, and since then he has been training young men along this line in our Department of Chemistry.
Fourteen members of our Faculty have entered the Armed Forces; two are with the Man-Power Commission, one of these served OPM for two years without compensation from the Federal Authorities; and 50 per cent of the faculty is either doing research work or teaching defense courses in addition to their regular schedules.
Dr. Rosselot, Head of our Engineering Experiment Station, and other members of that department have been doing research projects for the Government.
Our curriculum has been speeded up and we are trying to complete the four years' course in two and two-thirds years under the accelerated program. This requires twelve months in the year instead of nine as formerly.
48

Our buildings and facilities are being used constantly, and to show the extent, permit me to say that some of our laboratories are in operation for twenty-four hours iri the day.
The accelerated program which became effective in February, 1942, has naturally given much concern to members o:f the faculty as well as to the students. Instead of the old plan, beginning in September and ending the following June, we now have the calendar year divided into three equal terms, of sixteen weeks each, the week between these is taken up with examinations, etc. In consequence, our school work continues practically during the entire year with only a week of holidays at Christmas. This revolutionary change, together with the demands of the WAR, naturally have had a serious effect upon our student work, although the young men are making satisfactory adjustments for the most part. Of course, the old Summer School of eight weeks has been discontinued for the duration of the emergency. So far as possible, we have endeavored to maintain our regular curricula without changes except where absolutely necessary. During our third term of the year, 600 of our students were inducted into the armed forces as follows:
Enlisted Reserve Corps____________ 350
Draft ------------------------------------------- 5 6 Army Air Corps_____________________________ 13 7
Army (Volunteered)------------------------ 28 Navy --------------------------------------------- 23 Marines ------------------------------------------ 6
TotaL_____________________________________ 6 0 0
NAVY. Since its establishment here some years ago, this feature of Georgia Tech has always been outstanding as we were one of the first of six colleges selected to give Naval R.O.T.C. Training in the country. Ordinarily, we have had about 250 of these men, but we have been notified now that we are to have 1,050, who have qualified for this specialized program, and they are to begin classes here by July 5. There is a fine esprit de corps evident among these students in whom the Head, Captain John Vincent Babcock, feels justifiable pride.
Twelve members of our teaching staff in the R. 0. T. C. UnitsArmy and Navy-have been called to active duty with the Armed Forces.
Very truly yours, M. L. BRITTAIN, President.
49

UNIVERSITY OF GEORGIA
SCHOOL OE MEDICINE
DEAR CHANCELLOR SANFORD:
I am pleased to send to you the annual report of the School of Medicine for the year 1942 ~ 43.
Relationship With University Hospital
The contract which was drawn up between the Board of Regents of the University System of Georgia, representing the School of Medicine, and the City Council of Augusta, representing the University HospitaL was finally approved and has gone into effect. This agreement essentially provides that the faculty of the School of Medicine will have complete medical and surgical control of all indigent patients inside and outside the hospital. Those patients outside the hospital attend the out-patient clinic or are attended in their homes by students on domiciliary medicine or the outside obstetrical service.
The management of the hospital, as in the case of the last report, is being directed by Dr. W. H. Goodrich as Superintendent, deriving his authority from the same Board of Trustees that held office when the last report was made.
The present management of the University Hospital is quite efficient and many improvements are still being made. The cooperation of the Superintendent and the Board of Trustees with the Dean and Faculty of the School of Medicine is entirely satisfactory.
Administration
The management of the school is in the bands of the Dean and an Executive Committee as heretofore. The names of the members of the committee have had two changes since the last report. Dr. W. J. Cranston has taken the place of Dr. George Albert Traylor, deceased, and Dr. J. H. Butler is acting in the place of Dr. V. P. Sydenstricker during the latter's absence on leave in England. The Advisory Committee, consisting of the beads of the preclinical and clinical departments, makes recommendations to the Dean and Executive Committee and also serves as the Committee on Admissions.
Status of the School of Medicine With the Accrediting Agencies
Because of alleged political interference on the part of the Governor, the Council on Medical Education and Hospitals of the American
50

Medical Association dropped the School of Medicine from its list of approved medical schools in February, 1942, without prejudice to any students who matriculated prior to September 1, 1942. The Association of American Medical Colleges at the same meeting in Chicago voted to drop the School of Medicine from membership at its next meeting in Louisville, Kentucky, in the fall of 1942.
Restoration of the approved status of the school will depend upon the restoration of complete authority to the Board of Regents to run the University System as it sees fit. Because of the expansion program which to date has increased the freshman and sophomore classes by 50 per cent, it will be necessary to have more clinical material in order to supply the necessary number of teaching beds for students in the upper classes. Under the expansion program about half of the necessary physical enlargement has been provided and the additions to the Murphey Building have been authorized, but construction awaits the award of a priority rating which would authorize the purchase of structural steel and other items, particular!y plumbing and electrical equipment. Faculty increases have for the most part been made to take care of the increased enrollment.
On June 30, 1942, the Governor agreed to supply funds at the rate of $50,000 per annum for the hospitalization of indigent patients from the rural counties of the state. It is estimated that these funds will increase the number of free patients in the hospital by 40 to 45 throughout the year. The importance of this arrangement cannot be overemphasized and it is sincerely to be hoped that this move will lead eventually to the construction of a state hospital in conjunction with the School of Medicine.
On February 1, 1942, the former Wilhenford Women's and Children's Hospital was reopened as a tuberculosis unit under the management of the University Hospital and under the medical super-
vision of Dr. Lucius N. Todd, Professor of Tuberculosis. At the
present writing this hospital has 32 tuberculosis patients. When sufficient funds are provided it can accommodate as high as 60 patients at a time.
Through a recommendation of the United States Public Health Service a grant of $4,350 was obtained for the Department of Experimental Medicine in charge of Dr. Robert B. Greenblatt for the continuation of researches in the newer venereal diseases. This work during the past year has been in charge of Dr. Frank Mortara. In addition, Dr. Greenblatt has employed Dr. Herbert Spencer Kupperman
51

- as an Assistant in his research in Endocrinology and pays his salary

from research grants to his department.

~

'

Students

Although the number of first-year students has been increased from 48 to 75, there are still many more residents of Georgia applying than can be accommodated. It is impossible to foresee what effect the entrance of many young men into the Army and Navy will have on the number of applications, but it probably is safe to assume that the number of applications will continue to be somewhat greater than the number of places available.

On July 1, 1942, the school began the first summer session of its history in the so-called accelerated program. Its 1942-1943 session will end March 22, 1943, and the ensuing session will begin April 7, 1943.

As a result of the expansion program the total number of students has increased about 25 each year for the last two years, giving a present student body of about 240. It is probable that when these two classes reach the third and fourth years that the total enrollment will be approximately 285 or 290.

Our students continue to be better prepared than in former years and about three-fourths of the freshman class have Bachelor Degrees at the time of matriculation; however, there are still some students who do not do satisfactory work.

Research
All departments in the school continue the pace set in carrying on original investigation and a notable amount of investigative work was carried out during the current year.
As recognition of the value of investigative work being carried on in the School of Medicine, it is noteworthy that at the present time grants have been made to the following teachers by foundations and other agencies:

RESEARCH AND OTHER GRANTS RECEIVED DURING 1941-1942

Experimental Medicine (Dr. R. B. Greenblatt):

Sharp & Dohme, Inc--------------------- $ 500.00

John Wyeth & Brother_, __,____......................... _______ .....

600.00

Ciba Pharmaceutical Products, Inc.........__,_ ...... _....... 1,800.00

Schering Corporation....--...............................

500.00

Armour & Company...................................._._ ...........

350.00

G. D. Searle & Company- ...-.....................................

500.00

$ 4,250.00

52

A. M. A. Grant (Dr. Hamilton)-------------------------------------------------General Education Board (Library)-------------------------------------------Eli Lilly Grant (Drs. Hamilton. Woodburw and Torpin) _______ _
Pellagra Grant (Individual Donation)-----------------------------------------(Dr. Sydenstricker)
Pellagra Grant (Swift & Company)-------------------------------------------(Dr. Sydenstricker)
United States Public Health Service___________________________________________ _
(Dr. Greenblatt and Dr. Torpin) Office of Scientific Research and Development___________________________ _
(First Payment on Grant of $4,350.00) (Dr. R. B. Greenblatt)

125.00 6,622.78 1,500.00
50.00
2,000.00
325.00
529.00

$15,401.78

Note: A grant of $5,000 was received in June, 1941, from the John and Mary R. Markle Foundation for Pellagra Research under Dr. V. P. Sydenstricker. This grant has been used during 1941-1942 and a grant of the same amount, $5,000, has been approved for the continuation of this work during the year 1942-1943.

Maintenance
The amount of funds allocated to the School of Medicine by the Regents during the last few years represents a minimum of support acceptable to the accrediting agencies. With the expansion program and an increase of 50 per cent in the enrollment it will be necessary to increase this allocation because of the increased cost of operation in excess of added fees received from the larger classes.
It has been extremely gratifying that all payments on the allocation during the fiscal year reported herein were made promptly and in full. This adds greatly to the morale of the institution and permits operation on a more economical basis.
While considerable money has been received from outside sources to assist in research, funds from the state should be increased so that the amount of investigative work can be multiplied.
The administration of the School of Medicine feels keenly the necessity of doing more than graduating a class of students each year. There exists an earnest desire to disseminate the newer things in medicine to the far corners of the state and to increase the benefit of the school to the sick poor throughout Georgia. Fortunately the first step in this direction has been taken by the authorization of an expenditure of $50,000 for state aid patients during the next fiscal year.

Post-Graduate Education
Since the inauguration of the Department of Anesthesiology with a full-time teacher at the head of it, it has been possible to give postgraduate training in anesthesia to individual physicians.
53

Post-graduate trammg in other departments is available on requests of individuals and small .groups. The eighth annual postgraduate course for Negro physicians was held June 22 through June 27, 1942, and was well attended. This course is deeply appreciated by the N~gro physicians of the state and evokes considerable favorable comment from all sides. A refresher course for Negro dentists was given in conjunction with the post-graduate course for Negro physicians and was likewise well attended.
The Department of Experimental Medicine gave its second postgraduate course in office endocrinology in September, 1941, and it was well received. The first course was given in June, 1941, and was limited to 20 physicians. Quite a number were turned away and 22 insisted on being registered. The same was true of the September course.
Other post-graduate courses will be added as the growth of the clinical staff will permit.
Physical Examination of Newly Enrolled Students
The participation of the third- and fourth-year students in the examination of the newly enrolled students in several of the units of the University System was continued last September. The assistance given by these students has been favorably commended by the heads of the units in the System where the work has been carried on. With the accelerated program the medical school course will be given throughout the year and it may be impossible to cooperate in this work as much as heretofore, although several members of the senior class were sent to Athens in June, 1942, to assist the school physician there in making physical examinations.
A special physical examination form, adapted for four years' use, was prepared for the purpose of uniformity and conciseness. It is proposed that this cooperation with the various units in the System be continued.
Recommendations Concerning Students
Because of the many insistent calls coming from the rural sections of the state in need of physicians, it is urged that the Regents devise some plan whereby graduates may be required or persuaded to go into rural communities for a specified length of time to practice. This might be accomplished by granting scholarships amounting to tuition fees and having students granted scholarships sign contracts to engage in rural practice for a term of years.
54

Another plan for inducing young, well-trained physicians to locate in the more sparsely populated areas of the state would be to have several counties build -~malL ~eil-equipped hospitals and to have small towns furnish well-equipped offices free of charge and pay a stipend of $2,000 to $3,000 a year, permitting the incumbent to charge fees to those who are able to pay. In this way such physicians would be enabled to make a decent living, something that would not be possible without the subsidy. Sooner or later the Federal Government or the State may take over this proposal if the local communities do not do so themselves. It would be much better for the local communities to take care of themselves in this manner rather than to lean toward State Medicine and regimentation of the medical profession by having the Federal Government or the State underwrite the cost.
In lieu of the former recommendations that a fifth or intern year be added to the curriculum, withholding a diploma and degree of Doctor of Medicine until after the successful completion of a year's internship, it is now recommended that the Regents memorialize the State Board of Medical Examiners, urging them to require a year's internship before granting the license to practice medicine in the state. This will accomplish the same purpose as far as the State of Georgia is concerned and remove from the School of Medicine the burden of attempting to supervise graduates who are serving internships elsewhere than in the University Hospital.
Status of School and Outlook
After eight years of marked progress beginning in 19 34, the School of Medicine had reached the peak of its career since its founding in 1928. It was therefore extremely unfortunate that extraneous circumstances have caused the school to lose favor with the accrediting agencies. It is sincerely to be hoped that these matters over which the administration has no control will be removed in the near future so that the school may resume its rightful place in the world of medical education. This resumption of approved status will be assured by a prevention of political interference with the University System and by proper financial support, including funds for hospitalization of indigent patients at state expense when such patients are received from the rural counties of Georgia.
It is necessary to call attention over and over again to the urgent necessity for an increase in the number of free beds in the University Hospital so that there will be an ample amo.unt of clinical material for teaching students, particularly in the third and fourth years.
55

Because of the war it is already apparent that a number of important members of ou~ faculty 'fill enter the Armed Forces. This will make it more and more difficult to maintain teaching standards, especially with the increasing size of our student body each year.
A greater participation in the maintenance fo the University Hospltal on the part of the state is very much to be desired, and it is time for the state to subsidize beds in the hospital for the treatment of indigents from all parts of the commonwealth. Eventually, a general hospital should be built and conducted by the Schoql of Medicine. Much larger classes can be graduated and more physicians may be induced to engage in rural practice.
The School of Medicine is making extra efforts to supply the Army and Navy with better equipped medical officers, as well as more of them. We are on the accelerated program, which means that we can now graduate students within three calendar years. Our enrollment in the freshman year has been increased 50 per cent the last two years, and by January, 1944, the size of the entire student body will have been increased by 50 per cent. You are familiar with the expansion program, which is providing the increased physical quarters, personnel and equipment necessary for this growth.
We have also instituted a new course of military medicine, which is given by the medical officer at Camp Gordon and his staff. In addition we are emphasizing tropical medicine, and two of our teachers will soon be sent to take special courses in this field of medicine. In addition we are stressing work in industrial medicine.
From our faculty and resident staff of the University Hospital we have contributed forty-two members to the Armed Forces.
Our Department qf Experimental Medicine has been requested by the 0. S. R. D. to undertake investigative work in prevention of venereal diseases. Dr. Earle Moore of Johns Hopkins University made a special trip to Augusta about two weeks ago for a conference with our staff members concerning a contract for undertaking this work. We agreed to the undertaking, and this will make our school one of four principal centers in the country engaged in this work.
The basis for this request was the extensive work done here on the newer venereal diseases by the following faculty members: Dr. Robert B. Greenblatt, Dr. E. S. Sanderson, Dr. Richard Torpin, and Dr. E. R. Pund.
The fine cooperation of the Board of Regents and the Chancellor is deeply appreciated. It can be stated with certainty that the Uni-
56

versity of Georgia School of Medicine on the basis of the quality of its faculty and student body, on the .,basis of the research output, and on the basis of physical facilities and improvements, is on a higher plane than it has been since its founding in 18 28. With the payment of its allocation in full and some provision for increasing the number of free beds for teaching purposes in the University Hospital. and the prevention of political interference, the future of the School of Medicine on a satisfactory basis is assured.
Army-Navy Specialized Training Program
Effective about the end of June, 1943, some 80 per cent of the students will be inducted into the Army or the Navy. The proportions will be roughly 55 per cent in the Army and 25 per cent in the Navy. It is estimated that physically disqualified students and women will make up approximately 20 per cent of the student body.
Space in the medical school buildings and furnishings for offices will have to be provided for the staffs of the Army and the Navy. It is understood that these will be paid for by the Federal Government and that the furnishings and equipment will later become the property of the School of Medicine. Contracts with the Army and Navy have not yet been worked out and signed so many of the details remain to be determined. It is not unlikely that a considerable cost of running the school will be defrayed by the armed forces.
Under this program the management of the School of Medicine and medical instruction will not be affected. Most of the students will be in uniform and will be paid the salary of private or apprentice seaman. also tuition, board and room, clothing, books, instruments, etc., will be for the most part supplied by the armed forces.
The policy of the School of Medicine concerning the admission only of bona fide residents of Georgia may be changed by the Army and Navy. It is entirely possible that students may be sent from anywhere since it has been stated that the Army and Navy expect to pay tuition at the non-resident (or double) rate.
Respectfully submitted,
G. LOMBARD KELLY, M.D., Dean
57

GEORGIA STATE COLLEGE FOR WOMEN
DEAR CHANCELLOR SANFORD:
I take pleasure in sending you attached reports dealing with the contributions that the Georgia State College for Women is making to the War Effort.
Even though the Georgia State College for Women is not affected as much directly by the war as our colleges for men, we have seen that our total efforts are needed in the defense program and have so governed our actions.
The Georgia State College for Women girl, or "Jessie", as she is affectionately known in Milledgeville, finds her program of work and recreation much changed as a result of the war. Some of these changes are:
1. She finds that transportation is limited, and so she willingly gives up some of her home-going week-ends in order that the soldiers and sailors might travel.
2. She hears that the Government needs money for National Defense and she eliminates refreshments and reduces decorations in her parties and dances, and the money is put into War Bonds.
3. She responds to the call of the Government for workers by stepping up her program so that she will finish in three years instead of four.
4. She gives up a weekly visit to the picture show in order that she may buy war stamps.
5. She participates wholeheartedly in USO programs or other entertainment for soldiers.
6. She goes to an assembly program twice a week where she listens to lectures on the war and its background, and where she sings patriotic songs.
7. No matter what class she attends, she finds that it has been reoriented in light of war needs and she is likely to find that many of her favorite professors have gone into the Armed Forces and their classes are being held by other teachers who have increased their teaching duties to meet this emergency.
8. When she goes to her club program she finds that instead of the usual club activity, energy is being diverted to some activities which will help with winning the war.
58

9. She, along with other students and faculty members, has prepared a four-minute talk on..some phase of the war which she is ready to give where such a talk is serviceable.
10. She has changed her study program in order to include some of the things which she feels might be able to help her take her place on one of the many war or industrial fronts.
11. She finds that the country needs people who are "physically fit" and she arranges to put into her program some time for becoming that way.
12. She manages to get three or four hours a week to roll bandages, make ditty bags, or do other Red Cross activities.
13. She takes some time every day to write that special friend who is on some foreign front.
14. She works harder, studies more, and plays more intensely than ever before.
15. She attends at least one non-credit course, first aid, nutrition, or other war need each year.
16. She gladly moves out of her room or takes an extra roommate to make room for the WAVES.
17. She volunteers for any service she can render to the community.
18. She puts increased emphasis on religion and right living.
19. Most of all she realizes as never before that time is precious, and she uses it to the very best advantage possible. She is preparing for a definite service to the country and to herself. She grows up.
Yes, G. S. C. W. girls are meeting war needs in every way they know, and they are proving themselves worthy of the opportunity afforded them of attending college during the greatest emergency the world has ever known.
Six members of our staff have entered the Armed Forces and about the same number of others have left us to enter other war-time activities. In most of these instances we have not filled the vacancies, but other staff members have patriotically taken on additional duties so that our services will not be hampered. Practically all of the remaining staff members are engaged in civilian war duties-air raid wardens, scrap drives, Red Cross, etc.
In 1941 a college committee to coordinate our war-time activities was appointed. This committee has helped to keep our war activities
59

in the right channel and to see that we met all our obligations. In September 1942 a similar committee, to supplement the faculty committee, was appointed from the students, and they have been helpful in steering the war-time activities of the student body. Both of these committees are very active in their duties.
In the spring of 1942 each department of the college was asked to reconsider its course offerings in light of the war needs and to make whatever reorganization was necessary. This was done, and in nearly every case teachers have reoriented courses on the basis of the war. Some few new courses have been added and a corresponding number dropped.
Last April we published a bulletin on the war-time activities of the college and this was given rather wide distribution. In this bulletin were listed courses, both regular and emergency, which would contribute to the war efforts and which give a background for understanding the war.
A number of short courses in subjects such as Child Care, First Aid, Home Nursing, Nutrition, Home Economy, and Recreational Activities were offered on the campus during the spring and summer of 1942. These were open to the regular students and to people in the community.
We have a committee, authorized by the Executive Committee of the college, to conduct a study of curriculum offerings in light of the needs of the emergency, and changes are being made both in content of courses offered and in the courses themselves.
Georgia State College for Women was designated as one of the three key centers of the state for the maintaining of civilian morale. A War Information Center was organized in connection with the Library and over 20,000 pieces of literature are now on file there. These are used by students and faculty and are distributed to communities.
A college committee on Civilian Morale Information and Training was appointed this quarter, and this committee has engaged in a number of activities: (a) all campus organizations have been contacted and organized to promote some one or more of the war activities projects; (b) a Speakers' Bureau of faculty and students has been organized and trained; (c) a college service flag for the auditorium has been prepared; (d) during 1942 a radio program, on EDUCATION FOR VICTORY, was sponsored each week over WMAZ, Macon.
60

Our college assembly programs, twice a week, have been used to develop an understanding and appreciation of the war in the students. We have scheduled the best informed speakers we can find.
We have made available the services of several staff members to committees in the state that are interested in increasing their war services. This has been especially helpful in the promotion of High School Victory Corps in the high schools of the state, and in the replanning of high school courses to better meet war needs.
Our laboratory high school has been reorganized and put on a war basis as an aid in training teachers for the schools of the state. These changes have involved (a) more stress on science and mathematics, (b) an increased physical fitness program, (c) more community work, (d) the installation of Spanish, (e) an increased guidance program.
We are putting more stress on physical fitness with the college students, and plans have been made tQ include juniors and seniors as well as freshmen and sophomores in the physical education program. We have once each quarter a Physical Fitness Day to stimulate interest among students and faculty.
We have increased the staff of our Nursery School with the idea that we will be able to help train nursery school teachers to take care of the needs for nursery schools in centers where mothers are going into defense work. Interest in this is growing.
Red Cross rooms have been opened on the campus and students and faculty members are engaging, under supervision, in various Red Cross activities.
A faculty committee is considering the organization of a preflight aeronautics course. We have encouraged as many students as possible to take more training in science and mathematics.
Student organizations engage in a continuous process of the sale of War Bonds and Stamps on the campus. Many student clubs and classes have contributed funds usually used on parties and dances for the purchase of War Bonds. All surplus funds of student organizations in 1942 were invested in War Bonds.
An effort was made during the summer school of 1942 to offer .II
"refresher" courses for teachers who were being called into the public school services to alleviate teacher shortages in the state. This was supplemented by the organization of two six-week workshops and several one-week workshops for teachers in the state.
61

The college Placement Bureau has assisted superintendents and other employers in recrujting suit'\!Jle workers for war needs. Our alumnae have been contacted to determine how many were available for war jobs.
Three of our dormitories have been vacated and are now in readiness for the occupancy of 800 WAVES.
Certain of our services have had to be curtailed in order to devote our energies more fully to the war effort. One of these has been the Cadet Teaching, maintained in affiliated schools for the training of teachers.
Approximately half of the students have accelerated their programs by coming to summer school andjor taking extra courses.
The usual home-going week-ends have been severely curtailed to conserve transportation facilities as much as possible.
Students and faculty assisted in registering, rationing, and other war duties. They have assisted in USO programs and have rendered every service possible to the soldiers.
Probably the most valuable thing which the students and faculty of Georgia State College for Women have done to help win the war and the peace which follows, is the development of a determination to do a little better the job that was going to be done anyway. The whole campus reflects this spirit and no sacrifice on the part of students or faculty seems too great if it means better training of citizens for present and future needs in Georgia and in the United States.
Respectfully submitted, GUY H. WELLS, President.
62

GEORGIA STATE WOMANS COLLEGE
DEAR CHANCELLOR SANFORD:
It gives me genuine satisfaction to be able to tell you that the year 1941-1942 has been the most generally satisfactory year of the eight which I have spent at G. S. W. C. in Valdosta.
Financial. The College closed its books on July L 1942, with all debts paid, and with a small surplus.
Enrollment. The College opened in September with every available dormitory room filled. Day student enrollment, however, was sharply curtailed, as many young women accepted jobs at Moody Field, local air base.
Unanticipated Expenses. Additional fuel for and repairs to outworn heating plant; roof repairs to prevent serious damage from rain.
Small day student enrollment and unanticipated repairs meant that more than eight thousand dollars had to be saved to enable us to end the year with a surplus. Supplies and equipment were cut back as much as possible all along the line. Chief credit for a successful year financially should go to Mrs. Shrivalle, our dietitian, who must have "passed a miracle" to have fed so many so well on so little.
Curriculum. It is in the academic field that we have done our best work. The entire faculty has worked faithfully and hard and with the utmost cooperation.
Carnegie Art Set. A year ago, more than sixty colleges were applying for one of the three remaining Art Sets. This Spring, the Carnegie Corporation allocated one of these three sets to G. S. W. C. in Valdosta.
The Liberal Arts College
\Vhen the University System of Georgia was reorganized about ten years ago, the Georgia State Womans College at Valdosta was set up as the liberal arts unit for women in the University System.
The general aim of this college is to provide a broad training in the various fields of knowledge. Upon such a foundation, almost any sort of superstructure can be built. Through special courses, our students may prepare themselves to become doctors, nurses, laboratory technicians, or workers in other specialized fields.
During the past year, our faculty has worked out three curricula-
63

one in the Humanities, another in the Natural Sciences, and another in the Social Sciences. T_hese curric];!la are designed to meet the needs of our students in a world at peace. Specialized courses also will be offered for the duration of the war.
Education for the Future
Those who insist upon the immediate job need not concern themselves with the curriculum offered by a college of liberal arts. A business course of six weeks may result in an immediate job. It will never be anything more than a job. Two years of college may be rewarded by a diploma, but four years of college and an A.B. degree mean that a young woman will have prepared herself for graduate work in a particular profession or that she will be ready to accept any one of a number of worth-while positions.
Graduates of G. S. W. C. are equipped to hold positions of responsibility in SOCIAL WELFARE, as case worker, child welfare worker, public health director, recreational social worker; in SCIENCE, as technician, research specialist, teacher, nurse, or dietitian; in MUSIC. as performer or instructor: in ART, as commercial artist, mechanical draftsman, designer, illustrator, teacher of fine or commercial arts; in DRAMATICS, as director of speech and play production, actor, platform reader, instructor; in LANGUAGES, as translator, teacher, journalist; in MATHEMATICS, as statistician, technical assistant in industry, accountant, teacher; in PHYSICAL EDUCATION, as recreational director, playground supervisor, camp counselor or executive, sports coach; in BUSINESS, as stenographer, accountant, correspondent, personnel worker; in RADIO, as station manager, script writer, program coordinator, music or advertising supervisor, operator, announcer; in HISTORY AND SOCIAL SCIENCE, as teacher or research worker.
For a number of years the demand for G. S. W. C. graduates has exceeded the supply.
The College
I. Additional emphasis upon Health and Physical Fitness. Intramural program of sports and recreation includes practically every student on the campus.
2. Course in Nutrition and Physical Fitness required of all freshmen. Nutrition courses planned for winter and spring quarters for upper classmen.
64

3. First Aid offered by Physical Education Department for college credit.
4. Credit courses in Shorthand and Typing prepare girls to hold positions in the business world or in defense organizations.
5. Radio Management courses prepare girls for positions in the increasingly important field of radio.
6. Mechanical Drawing courses give students the fundamentals of mechanical drawing, blueprint reading, etc.
7. Courses in Physics introduced 1941-1942. Additional emphasis on mathematics.
8. War Information Center in the library for the benefit of students, faculty, and general public.
9. Soldiers at Moody Field invited to attend educational and social functions at the College--concerts, lectures, and plays-free qf charge, or at reduced rates.
The Faculty
1. Classes in Home Nursing offered to students and townspeople by our resident physician, Dr. Farbar.
2. Classes in First Aid offered to students and townspeople by Miss Carter, instructor in oiology artd physical education. This standard first aid course prepares those who pass to become qualified first aid instructors.
3. The standard Red Cross Course in Nutrition is offered to students and townspeople by Miss Drew, head of the Home Economics Department.
4. Class in Mathematics open to soldiers at Moody Field who wish to pass examinations in order to become cadets in the Army Air Corps. Miss Bush.
5. Class in Mathematics open to public school teachers. The object of this class is to relieve the shortage of qualified teachers of mathematics, and to improve the quality of mathematics instruction being given in high schools. Taught by Dr. Hawks, Head of Mathematics Department.
6. Faculty Members cooperate with the Office of Civilian Defense by holding positions as air raid wardens, fire watchers, Red Cross workroom supervisors, and so on.
65

The Students
1. Students have enrolled "for courses in Home Nursing, Nutrition, and First Aid in order to prepare themselves for service in time of emergencies.
2. They have supported the Victory Book Drive.
3. They have taken courses offered by the Office of Civilian Defense and now hold positions as assistant air raid wardens and fire watchers. A number of students are qualified first aid instructors and have assisted Miss Carter in teaching first aid to more than a hundred men and women in Valdosta.
4. They have cooperated in the nation-wide drive for the collection of scrap metal.
5. They have organized and carried forward a War Bond Scholarship Campaign which will continue for the duration of the war. Student clubs and organizations have raised approximately $1,000 this year.
6. Students contribute to the entertainment of service men by inviting them to parties and dances. They cooperate with the Junior Service League and the U. S. 0. by serving as junior hostesses and Military Maids.
7. The Fall production of the Sock and Buskin Club, dramatic organization of G. S. W. C., was presented as a benefit for the Stage Door Canteen Fund of the American Theatre Wing.
8. Members of the International Relations Club go in a group to the Red Cross workroom once each week to roll surgical bandages. Members of this club make afghans and hospital gowns for the Red Cross.
Once again, I want to thank you, both personally and officially, for your continued interest in G. S. W. C. and in all of us at the College. The entire University System owes you a special debt of gratitude for what you have done during the past year in making it possible for the individual units and the University System to continue to function.
Respectfully submitted,
FRANK R. READE, President.
66

GEORGIA TEACHERS COLLEGE
DEAR CHANCELLOR SANFORD:
I take pleasure in informing you of the contributions that the Georgia Teachers College is making to the War Effort.
In this perilous period of national crisis, no patriotic individual or organization wo.uld hesitate to give the best or the all to our national defense. Even with the giving of our best, none can escape a certain degree of emotional disturbance and unrest. Therefore, it is very essential that much wise and conservative thinking be used in reaching conclusions.
With the above attitude we now and shall continue to operate Georgia Teachers College to render the best possible service. As a state tax supported college, it owes its existence to the state and must give its best efforts to render an all-out service to the educational needs of the youth.
Work of Georgia Teachers College m War Effort
Drafting course for girls. Summer Session.
Mathematics College Algebra Trigonometry Special course in War Mathematics
Advanced Physics
Physical Education Miss Guill taught course in Community First Aid. Intramural sports program.
Adult Education Mr. Pulliam working in County livestock improvement and Civilian Defense.
Business Courses for typists, stenographers, bookkeepers
Courses in Morse Code and Meteorology
High School Victory Corps Faculty members helping in organization. Laboratory High School organized as unit. Commando unit.
67

Home Economics
Mrs. Robson teaching courses in nutrition, adult education.
Home Economics Club cooperating with Red Cross in making garments. Industrial Arts Metal work, wood work, general shop, drafting and repair work. War Information Center in Library Members of faculty used as speakers on subjects of different phases of war. Faculty advisors for Enlisted Reserve Program, Army, Navy and Marine. Art Posters for Bull~ch County scrap drive. I am appreciative indeed of the splendid support and cooperation given to me by the Board of Regents of the University System and by the Chancellor.
Respectfully submitted,
A.M. GATES. President.
68

GEORGIA EVENING COLLEGE
MY DEAR CHANCELLOR:
The Georgia Evening College, together with the Junior College of Day Classes, is now facing, with all other colleges, the most critical period in its academic life. With all the dark outlook for colleges during the next year the program is most encouraging because of the service given to branches of the armed forces and defense workers in the Atlanta area.
Having pioneered for the University System in the War Emergency subjects two years before Pearl Harbor, and having also at that time been severely criticized because of the rapid shifting of our curricula, the school administration with the support of the Chancellor has entirely justified our offering of war program courses instead of former general and survey subjects. The Chancellor, in the case of chemical warfare, had the rest of the schools of the System adopt such a program and requested Dr. LeConte to write up the course. So well was this received, the Chemical Warfare Service adopted not only much of the plan but commissioned the head of our Chemistry Department to further such program within the Army.
Without a course offered in military science and tactics more than 400 students and former students of the past several years have been commissioned in the armed services. The highest screen test passed in the Army aviation examination was by one of our students; as well as in the WACS, when Miss Kitty Frazier, another one of our students, answered 159 questions, whereas the passing point was 50 answered. The average taking such tests is seventy to eighty answered. It also may be pointed out that our accounting program, despite the emphasis on war courses, is still doing more than its share to promote the high standing of the University System; because recently the only two passing the C. P. A. state examination were two of our students.
The Army, Navy, and Marine Corps have so much believed in the program offered at the Georgia Evening College that it was set up as the only Evening College program in America to be accepted and given a quota in the Enlisted Reserve Corps. The school was notified of this honor at the National Association of University Evening Colleges, recently meeting in Buffalo. The quota for the Georgia Evening College is 305 for this Enlisted Reserve Corps.
General John J. Pershing, who had so much to do in winning the
69

last World War, is authority for this statement which the administration has tried to urge into the war program: "All Americans are today united into one ambitiout program to take whatever share they can in the defense of our country."
This institution, with all others, faced much confusion after the attack on Pearl Harbor, but with several weeks of education on the part of the school administration the one desire of the students was to assist the Government in the surest and most worthwhile way.
They soon seemed to find out that the best way to serve the country was not always in the most dramatic way but that love of country should urge them to sacrifice the dramatic for the preservation of the many. They soon found that maybe the best way to serve the country was in being the best secretary, the best accountant, the best interpreter of history, or the social sciences, for those around them.
Many of our students have been placed, with the assistance of the school administration, in many of the key positions where civilian personnel is concerned. This is especially true in the Bell Bomber Plant; the o.fficial staff of the 80,000 civilians employed in the Fourth Service Command; and the various Civil Service units.
So many of our students and former students held these important posts that the school organized, and is host twice a m,onth to a Personnel Group of all such Federal and State heads and their immediate staffs. This promotion has not only proved of great immediate benefit in school enrollment but will have considerable bearing on the post-war conditions as far as this institution is concerned.
Last year the high schools in the Atlanta metropolitan area furnished this school and others in Atlanta an available list of 2,207 high school graduates, but when the 18- and 19-year-old draft law becomes effective other fields will have to be recruited, especially for such as our Junior College of day classes.
The school administration has not been negligent of new fields. Atlanta business men have interested themselves in assisting the school in the promotion of morning classes for housewives. These classes are to be offered for certificates of proficiency in Junior and Senior Clerk; Junior and Senior Typist, and Junior and Senior Stenographers.
For months now there has been a scarcity in woman-power as related to clerical employees. With the continued movement to At-
70

lanta of more Government agencies, and the completion of the new
- Bell Bomber Plant, this emergency will increase. In a survey of all the evening colleges of America, made by Dean N. P. Auburn of the University of Cincinnati, it was shown that the average decrease in evening college enrollment was more than 32%. The strictly commerce schools like the Wharton School of Finance, as a part of the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia, had a loss during the past year of more than 50%. The Georgia Evening College, from a commerce enrollm~nt standpoint, is bettered by only a few evening schools of the country, despite the fact our curriculum does not include technical and industrial c~urses.
In order to meet the demands of the armed forces and their required courses for Enlisted Reserve Corps students, much expansion in the science laboratories had to be made. This expansion still leaves the Georgia Evening College in need ~f more room.
The faculty of the Georgia Evening Cpllege believed the day after Pearl Harbor, the day of the called faculty meeting, that although the curriculum had for several months been changed to meet the needs of a changed academic world, that what they had done for the students had not been enough. They, therefore, resolved that day, December 8, and recommitted themselves to even a more extended college program of meeting the needs of the war program.
And for such a commitment the school was selected as the only Evening College in America to be included by the armed forces as a unit of the Enlisted Reserve Corps.
And, from month to month, it has been the desire of the administration to keep in cl~se touch with every war effort in order to serve more effectively. For after all, everything we have now, or expect to have in the future, depends on this institution's service to the armed forces.
Respectfully submitted,
GEORGE M. SPARKS, Director.
71

DIVISION OF GENERAL EXTENSION
DEAR CHANCELLOR SANFORD:
Complying with your kind request, I briefly summarize below the several activities in which this Division of General Extension of the University System of Georgia is endeavoring to cooperate in the war effqrt:
1. The Division has cooperated in the provision of engineering training courses at the college level for men in industry. More than a year ago the Division sponsored a state-wide survey for the purpose of determining the need and selecting the various industries where men thus employed might pursue concurrently engineering training courses to better prepare them for what might lie ahead, as well as for promotion within their respective types of industrial activities. A number of such classes have been organized and such courses have been given and are being given in a number of communities in different parts of the state.
2. The Division has made available special correspondence courses in mathematics for young men who wish to meet certain requirements for entrance in the Naval Reserve. A large number of prospective reservists have pursued these courses to advantage.
3. The Division cooperates with the Army Institute of the United States Government in making available to men in the armed forces correspondence instruction at a reduced tuition rate. Under this plan the government pays half the tuition and the student pays the other half.
4. The Division of General Extension has been made an official depository for government films. Through its film service the Division promotes the use of these government films, which are produced for the purpose of informing the American people of the progress of the war and of the country's production program. At this time, the Division is the official depository of the film releases of the Office of War Information, the Office of the Coordinator of InterAmerican Affairs, and the Offi<:e of Civilian Defense. All of these films are available to users at the negligible service charge of 50 cents for one day's use of the first subject and 25 cents for each additional subject included in the same shipment, plus cost of transportation. The Division, through its News Letter, promotes the use of government films, and wherever possible helps the user to plan a program of special government film showings.
72

5. The Division is cooperating in a project recently proposed by the Office of War Information, whereby all individuals and organizations in the metropolitan area-- having equipment, and particularly projectors, will pool their projectors and other equipment under the direction of a central coordinating commlittee, in order that the widest possible distribution and the largest possible number of showings of government films may be made to the great number of adults throughout the area.

Engineering Defense Courses

The great need for engineering talent in the defense preparations of the United States caused the formation of the engineering defense training program, a program of courses at the college level.
Since the courses are at the college level they presuppose a certain amount of previous training for admittance. Some courses require only high school graduation, others require high school graduation plus a certain amount of college training. Satisfactory experience in industry itself may be accepted as meeting part of the academic trammg requirements. However, any modifications made in admittance requirements for a course will depend upon the individual case.

The following courses are included in the program so far for Georgia. This group of subjects can be expanded to m~et the engineering talent defense needs of the industries of the state.

1. Engineering Drawing 2. Machine Design 3. Production Engineering 4. Production Supervision 5. Tool Engineering 6. Construction Materials
Inspection 7. Metals Inspection

8. Explosives 9. Materials Inspection 10. Textile Testing 11. Textile Production
Supervision 12. Textile Testing and
Inspection

G:mrses in chemistry, physics, and engines and other engineering courses will be given if industry feels the need of such defense training, and there is a sufficient number of qualified students to take the work. The courses train men for inspection, for supervisory positions, and for technical engineering positions.

Courses will be given on the campus at the Georgia School of Technology and at any industrial center where there is a need for engineering training.
Courses will run from 12 to 36 weeks dependin~ upon the

73

material to be covered in the course. Classes will meet two or three times a week for a period <;>f from t":_O to three hours for each meeting.
Courses will be given in the daytime if students find that time available. Otherwise they will be given in late afternoon and early evening.
Students may be employed or unemployed.
How An Engineering Defense Course Is Started
A plan for a course ~ay originate with the Georgia School of Technology, with the Extension Division of the University System, with men who feel they need added training to fit them better for industrial defense work, or with those managing and operating the various industries.
When the suggestion for a course is originated by Georgia Tech or the Extension Division, contact is made with those industries in the locality who might be concerned. If interest is shown and need is indicated for such a course, then the Director of Engineering Defense Training at Georgia Tech will set up the course in cooperation with the Extension Division and the industries concerned.
If the men themselves or the management originate the idea for a course, then they should communicate with the Director of Engineering Defense Training at Georgia Tech and he will proceed to establish the desired course.
The length of the course, the material to be covered, the number of classes, the number of hours for m,eeting, the time for starting the course, etc., will be set up by the Director in cooperation with the industries concerned, the course being built up to suit the particular existing conditions.
A preliminary proposal which includes the number of students to be trained, the length of the course, the purpose, the material to be covered, a tentative budget, and a list of instructors and their qualifications and salary, is then prepared and sent to the U. S. Office of Education at Washington for .approval.
When the course proposal is approved, the men are notified and a preliminary registration takes place. (Blanks furnished by the Extension Division will be filled out.)
The class is ready to start. After the class starts permanent registration blanks are filled out, and after the class has been in opera-
74

tion for two weeks, a final proposal is prepared with a final budget. This is sent to Washington for approval. The permanent registration blanks are sent to the Director. -
When this is approved money is sent from the U. S. Treasurer's Office to the Treasurer of the Georgia School of Technology. who pays salaries and other necessary expenses when approved by the Director.
With the final proposal approved, the course is carried to completion as planned.
Enrollment reports must be turned in to the Director every month to be sent to Washington.
The instructors are to give to the Director a list of all of those satisfactorily completing the course about one week before a course ends. and certificates will be given to those who do satisfactorily complete all the work in the course.
I trust the foregoing is the information desired and that it will be of some help.
Yours very sincerely, J. C. WARDLAW, Director.
75

NORTH GEORGIA COLLEGE
DEAR CHANCELLOR SANFORD:
I take pleasure in sending you this report dealing with the contributions that the North Georgia College is making to the War Effort.
Almost immediately after Pearl Harbor, North Georgia began a definite war effort. So insistent was the interest that even before the opening of the winter quarter, a series of short non-credit lecture courses was announced. These were determined somewhat on the trial and error basis, yet the leadings were invaluable. The classes generally met after supper and before "quarters" with attendance entirely voluntary. Chemical Warfare, First Aid, Combustion Engines, Code Practice, Radio Physics, Meteorology, Public Sanitation, Assistant Technicians and Physical Fitness held principal interest. Out of this trial and error attempt grew a well-defined program which, we believe, compares favorably with work offered by many wealthier senior colleges.
Time being of prime value in war work, the "accelerated" calendar was adopted, and the college announced a full summer quarter. The success of the experiment was assured by the response of the public, attendance 404, and by the enthusiasm and contribution of the faculty. Every staff member offered his services without guaranteed compensation, and at the close of the quarter only a nominal sum, $1 00, could be paid to each. While all, under the circumstances, felt fully rewarded, the state should not again permit such total contribution.
The War Courses
North Georgia College enrolls 115 coeds, 534 cadets. Major emphasis on war reorganization has, therefore, been in courses and departments which more directly affect the young men. However, war-time needs of young women have not been forgotten. In physical education for women emphasis has shifted from recreational activities such as ping-pong and shuffleboard to team sports like baseball, speedball, soccer and hockey. The Girls' Recreation Association is just now organizing a "coed corps", a military unit consisting of four teams. Instruction is given by cadet officers of the school, and the girls will spend two hours each week learning something about military discipline, customs, courtesies, and drill.
76

In teacher-training an effort is made to help the studen.t understand the role of the school as an active ,igency of democracy; whereas in Rural Sociology, a study is made of ways and means through which the mobilization of rural, social, and economic institutions of Georgia will enable rural society to participate more extensively in the war effort.
The Department of English is giving more emphasis than formerly to the writing of clear, concise sentences, to the enlargement of the individual vocabulary and to the following of directions to minutest details.
There is a new emphasis in shorthand. Attention now is given to brief and special forms, knowledge of shorthand forms especially adapted to military usage, army office training, understanding of army and navy terms and phrases, and knowledge of the mechanics of army and navy correspondence.
For cadets one of our most significant attempts to meet the war need is in the department of physical education. Two directors give their entire time to the work. Physical fitness work is required of every cadet, and the program includes tumbling, wrestling, boxing, touch football, speedball, basketball, baseball, volleyball, military track and man-to-man combat.
New emphasis has been placed upon mathematics and general physics. Whereas one course in mathematics has heretofore been the requirement, two now constitute the minimum for cadets. Demand for physics has developed so that this year in elementary physics we will probably need thirteen sections rather than the usual two. Physical science survey is out of the picture except for women students.
In biology the senior college realm has been invaded, and a special course called "Assistant Technicians" has been set up. The work includes medical bacteriology, medical biology, blood counts (red and white), sanitary surveys, tissue mounts and ~rinalysis.
A course in photography includes types of cameras, principles of lenses, enlargement, nature of chemicals used in development and projector machine operation.
Principles of Aviation gives preflight instruction in theory of flight, navigation and meteorology.
Combustion Engines is a study of power units used in aircraft, tanks and motorized units of the armed forces. A small laboratory
77

or shop has been hurriedly erected and is being equipped with various small motors, automobiJ.z motors_and one aircraft motor.
The work in radio physics includes the theory of transmitters and receivers and actual practice in the construction of these units. Code is stressed throughout the course.
The Department of History and Social Science has introduced a course in Hispanic America. Also one which is called "America at the Cross Roads", this stressing our weaknesses, our strengths and then building the background for the "right way".
Public speaking gives emphasis to the problems which our country today faces, and discussions of the future problems of post-war world reorganization. Also emphasis upon the necessity of simple and incisive statements. It is recognized that such expressions are vital to the giving and understanding of military orders and commands.
Economics now touches upon financing the war effort, price control, rationing, economic warfare, and post-war international trade.
The Department of Sociology offers a new course, "The Effects of War on American Institutions." This tries to anticipate the drastic changes which are sure to come and to give an analysis which will enable students better to cope with these situations as they arise.
In French and Spanish emphasis has shifted for the time being from the modern recognition-reading process to the more or less old-fashioned translation-composition method. Special attention is given to reading matter which involves military and political terms. "Time" and "Reader's Digest", printed in Spanish, are regularly used for class work. The idea in these courses is to give both men -and women students a knowledge of these languages which will enable them readily and accurately to read, translate and interpret.
College Credits and the Draft
The faculty, hoping to remove from student minds all possible worry and perplexity and to encourage continued preparation rather than aimless waiting for the draft call, recently adopted and announced the following policy in regard to college attendance, credits, and refunds:
"Any student who actually enters the armed forces of the United States and who, during the emergency, has satisfactorily com-
78

pleted at least one-half of the classroom work of any quarter or session and whose scholarsh_ip average_ at that point is equal to the average required for graduation, may be granted credit for the equivalent number of courses for which he may be registered in that quarter and be exempted from the courses for which he is registered as requirements for graduation, provided that the time element and other factors beyond the student's control make, in the opinion of the committee (instructor, dean, registrar) , special or regular examinations impracticable.
"Advance payments on board and room will be refunded on a pro rata basis.
"Should a student be drafted before the middle of a quarter or session, pro rata refund may be made of tuition as well as board and room."
Necessary Equipment
The offering of these special war courses necessitated additional equipment and laboratories for which no funds had been set up. On the basis of "robbing Peter to pay Paul" many almost necessary expenditures were curtailed and money diverted to these imperative needs.
A photography laboratory was set up by utilizing the only available space on the campus, one-half of the boiler room in the basement of Academic Building. It was far from ideal, but it was a necessity and it is usable.
Work in Combustion Engines would be practically worthless without a motor laboratory and equipment. Thus a small, crude, frame laboratory was hurriedly erected and motors and tools secured. Local friends donated two automobile motors and sold others at a nominal price. A used airplane motor was purchased from the AGA Corporation for $100, after first quoting $400.
A homemade "air tunnel" added interest and value to the work in aviation.
The work in Radio Physics and code has been eagerly sought by far more students than the small laboratory can accommodate. V arious radio equipment was purchased, but it was difficult and often impossible to secure. Then the president turned "beggar" and twenty-two radio firms were asked to contribute used sets. The response was generous and some thirty-five sets of various models came
79

in, being delivered without freight charge by the local truck line, Moore~ Son.
AN OBSERVATION:
A Needed Program
For the past several years, the president of North Georgia College has insisted that, valuable as are the humanities and the courses in science usual to the average junior college curriculum, something more should be offered. For years the classification committee has been troubled over the absence of suitable elective studies for the young men. Why herd a hundred of them into a course in Education when not more than twenty will ever teach? Limited funds, insufficient laboratories and no shops compelled the dean and registrar repeatedly to do that treasonable thing.
But the great scarcity of men (and women) with trained and skilled hands has frightfully impeded war work. This educational problem has been held up to public gaze and censure, and it is evident that after the war the public will demand of the colleges which it supports curricula which will train not only the hearts and minds, but also the hands, of its boys and girls. Unless this training is provided, it is not conceivable that public support will increase or even be maintained. Then, after all, is there a lessened interest in cultural subjects simply through the inclusion of practical courses in foundry and forge, radio and engines, plumbing, heating and lighting?
As previously suggested, North Georgia College is the logical place for such a development. It has the appeal. as is evidenced by its constant growth; the atmosphere is charged with the spirit of work, accomplishment and preparation for virile life. The students have repeatedly asked, even petitioned, the president for work along the suggested lines. The war has shown the need, and the success of the North Georgia war program. born through student demand and necessity of defense, even though organized on a very ineffective basis and practically without laboratories and equipment, clearly points in the direction the Regents undoubtedly should look.
The state needs, the students beg for it-a two-year engineering course at Dahlonega, not in. competition with Georgia Tech, but supplementing it. What will contribute more to the earning power of Georgia citizens?
Yes, it will cost at least $200,000, but can Georgia longer afford to be without such a college, such a training center? Without
80

doubt a request for funds would meet an enthusiastic response, and such a development at Dahlonega would be heartily approved in all sections of the state. The present student group comes from 122 Georgia counties. Its patronage and well-wishers are state-wide. Dahlonega is not a local college.
Respectfully submitted, J. C. RoGERS, President.
81

WEST GEORGIA COLLEGE
DEAR CHANCELLOR SANFORD:
The College and the War
This unit of the University System has an outstanding record in this War Effort. Consequently, I wish to describe these achievements under three or four heads found below:
Since January I. 1942, the Carrollton NYA Project has placed approximately four hundred boys and girls directly into defense jobs. These youth have had training in Machine, Sheet Metal. Welding, Woodshop, Power Sewing or Clerical Work. We list these placements below:
Glenn L. Martin Aircraft Company____________________________ 116 Baltimore, Maryland
Brunswick Shipbuilding Company-------------------------------- 24 Southeastern Shipbuilding Company---------------------------- 53
Savannah, Georgia Gulf Shipbuilding Company---------------------------------------- 20
Mobile, Alabama Civil Service Commission____________________________________________ 4 3 Griffin Shell Factory---------------------------------------------------- 17 Others are employed by Wellston Air Depot, Fuse Plant, Macon, Georgia; Charleston Navy Yard; Norfolk Navy Yard; and Jacksonville Air Base.
First Aid
The college began a First Aid Training Program with its faculty and students under the leadership of the college nurse who was a qualified Red Cross instructor.
The report shows the extent and far-reaching efforts and effect of those people trained in this field:
Faculty Members__________________________________________________________ 3 7 Students ______ ------------------------------------ __ -------------------------- 40 1 People in the Community-------------------------------------------- 60 N utrition______________________________________________________________________ 24
Food Preserving- Laboratory Schools Tallapoosa____________________________________________________ 35, 000 quarts Sand HilL____________________________________________________ 10,000 quarts Burwell -------------------------------------------------------- 5,000 quarts
82

In addition to supervising the building and operating the above

small canneries, the teaching staff initiated the building of two potato

curing houses.

-

Physical Fitness

The college staff has not only put into operation a physical fitness program for the college students, but they are cooperating with the schools in this section in furnishing leadership for the Victory Corps program in the public schools.

An Interesting Survey
The college is making a survey of its alumni. A sample of 364 questionnaires returned reveals the following interesting data:
Attended Senior Colleges________________________ 181 or 50 per cent Attended Units of the
University System______________________________ 100 or 27 per cent Degrees Received______________________________________ 104 or 29 per cent Teaching ------------------------------------------------ 148 or41 percent Business -------------------------------------------------- 105 or 29 per cent Armed Forces_________________________________________ 91 or 25 per cent Agriculture -------------------------------------------- 4 Professional Work_________________________________ 36 Married -------------------------------------------------- 139
The Present Crisis
It is necessary to report that the rapid decrease in enrollment has imperiled our current year budget. A hurried decline of at least 50 per cent in students of the college and the Residential N. Y. A. makes it impossible to curtail the necessary expenses as rapidly as the income decreases.
It is our hope that the administrative authorities will be sym~ pathetic and understanding-that some funds may be made avail~ able for such emergencies. Our efforts to adjust and the record of the financial status is reflected in our monthly and quarterly reports. However, the president of this unit wished to make this additional statement.
Respectfully submitted,
I. S. INGRAM, President.

83

MIDDLE GEORGIA COLLEGE
DEAR CHANCELLOR SANFORD:
I am pleased to report to you the contributions being made by the Middle Georgia College in the War Effort.
The Federal Government has a group of flying cadets here at all times. The work is completed each eight weeks and a new class is received. They are trained in civil air regulations, meteorology, navigation, international code, general servicing of aircraft, physics, trigonometry, algebra. and astronomy. More than a hundred cadets have graduated here and are now stationed in fighting zones.
Commercial courses are taught in accounting and stenography. Instruction is given in the following types of business machines: adding machine, comptometer, bookkeeping machine. mimeograph, calculator. ediphone. addressograph, dictaphone, graphotype. and typewriter.
The Home Economics Department offers courses in foods. clothing. and health. Included in these courses are balanced rations. dehydrating, nutrition. vitamins, preserving of food, canning of foods. economy of buying in foods, strength of cloth, pricing of cloth, economy of buying. repair of clothing, sewing of buttons. sanitary habits, and nursing.
The college has increased by one-third the amount of time spent by students in health classes and physical education. Running, jumping, and strenuous exercises are given rather than theory. Many of our students are now taking as much exercise as the flying cadets stationed here. Elementary military is taught here also.
Basic courses in algebra, trigonometry, analytic geometry, calcalus, qualitative and quantitative analysis in chemistry. two basic courses in physics bearing directly on radio, sound, mechanics, electricity, light, and mechanical drawing are offered to men and women students to aid them in war service.
Courses in biology are offered stressing the human body with the idea of helping each student to care for himself.
The faculty and students have made talks at bond rallies, and also aided in the rationing of articles by the government. Eight male students care for the rationing of kerosene in all the Negro schools in the county. The band plays at many patriotic rallies. The college has collected much scrap iron and rubber for the defense program.
84

Students and faculty members have subscribed for bonds and stamps. 5Oth College Training Detac:hment (Air Crew) Captain Robert W. Sutherland, Commanding
This detachment of 3 20 army aviation students was secured for the college through the efforts of Chancellor Sanford, Congressman Vinson, and United States Senators Walter F. George and Richard Russell. To each one the college will always owe a debt of gratitude. It aided in having students and finances but perhaps more it opened the eyes of the faculty and the community to just what the war meant and to the accelerated programs that would have to be used if we reached efficiency in a short time. Teachers have worked as never before, changes of every kind have had to be made in record time, decisions had to be made in spite of routine. There has been a real awakening in every work of the college. All feel that they have had a real part in the war and that the opportunity is still here.
We commend the representatives of the Army for their patience and endurance while the civilian college has been transforming its equipment, building, grounds, and general make-up into that which would function for war.
It has been the regret of everybody in all lines of endeavor that materials have been difficult to get, personnel scarce, even food at premium. The aviation students have been excellent men, and we believe that their stay here has been of benefit.
Yours sincere!y, LEO H. BROWNING, President.
85

GEORGIA SOUTHWESTERN COLLEGE
DEAR CHANCELLOR SANFORD:
War activities of Georgia Southwestern College, though not extensive, are in harmony with the suggestions of the military authorities and what seemed to be the most needed of those within the limits of our facilities.
Physical Fitness
The old physical education, consisting of two hours a week of activities varying all the way from touch football down to ping pong, has been completely reorganized into a five hour a week strenuous physical fitness program for boys and a three hour a week program for girls. Beginning with the winter quarter this is to be stepped up some more.
As to the activities, all minor games have been discarded in class work and a more vigorous program has been substituted to give our boys and girls more stamina, strength, endurance and coordination.
Setting-up exercises are being given to both boys and girls. We are trying to follow the example of the Army and Navy in this.
In game exercises we have for the boys football, basket ball, grass drills, tumbling, boxing, wrestling, rope climbing, gymnastics, and aquatics. For girls soccer, speedball, gymnastics, basket ball, volley ball and aquatics are given. In addition to this our intramural program will consist of archery, badminton, tennis, shuffleboard, table tennis, horseshoes, deck tennis, and relay games.
An effort is being made to stress the activities that will build up the arm and shoulder girdle, the muscles of the abdomen, back and legs.
Changes in Regular Academic Program
In compliance with suggestions from military authorities, emphasis has been placed upon mathematics and physics. Boys are required to take two courses in mathematics, one of which must be trigonometry, instead of the one-course survey. A review of plane geometry was provided for students not well enough prepared for trigonometry. The standard two-quarter beginning course in college physics has been added. Boys are urged to substitute this for the second half of the two-quarter course in physical science. Spanish
86

was added this year, though not to displace French. American Literature is offered during the winter quarter. The instructor's
purpose is to develop an appreciation o1 American ideals.
Revitalizing Regular Courses
Several faculty meetings have been devoted to discussing means for accomplishing this purpose. In English Composition, beginning this last session, themes.have been devoted largely to topics bearing upon some aspect of the war. In Humanities special emphasis will be placed on the study of the literature and culture of our allies. In the social science survey courses war topics have served as vitalizing centers of study. Below is Dr. Murray's account of what has taken place in his department. Professor McGehee is doing something similar in the teaching of Contemporary Georgia and Economic Geography. One day a week is devoted to war problemts, through debates and round-table discussions. These are definitely worked-out programs. The infiltration of all courses with a new spirit and point of view is, except for courses of direct functional value, probably more effective and economical. The Teacher-training Department has a full-fledged program both for future teachers and for the children in the laboratory school.
Vitalizing Social Science by the War
"If he ever looks out the window his lecture is gone." This statement or one to the same effect was often made concerning professors of history and government during the interval of peace, 1919-1939. It referred to the frequency with which discussions of past events and theories became involved in current events. Today both the attitude and approach in Social Studies classes are dif. ferent. The difference is that teachers must begin and end their lectures "looking out the window." Not only does the roar of aeroplanes call immediate attention to a state of war. but the thinking of teachers and students is cast in a framework of war.
Hardly a class in Social Studies at Georgia Southwestern College is held that some phase of the present world struggle does not receive attention. A description of the Mediterranean Sea as the crossroads of the world's civilizations brings out the strategic importance of those waters to Great Britain and the United Nations. The history of world empires in the sixteenth century merely highlights the farreaching scale of the fight against the Nazis and the Japs. The origins of insurance go glimmering when students discover that mari-
87

time insurance was the pioneer in this field and immediately turn their attention to the effect of the war on this and other forms of insurance. Even the early development of the American ideals of democracy is pursued only long enough to form a setting for the four freedo~s and the urgent need for interpreting international problems in terms of democracy. In these and other questions of pressing importance boys and girls of college age are taking an interest far beyond the normal responsibilities of their years. They are exercising the right still existing in democratic countries to know what forces are bearing on our lives and what material and spiritual benefits are to be gained by protecting the American way of living.
Six-Month Secretarial Course
A six-month secretarial course will begin with the opening of the winter quarter. Our regular secretarial department has already prepared a large number of stenographers, many of whom have governmental positions. The six-month course eliminates most of the academic work and will prepare the student to pass the civil service examination if she makes satisfactory progress in the course.
World Geography and the War
A course designed to study the present problems created under the global warfare, with the geographic approach toward their possible solutions in the future through the means of organizing the present economic factors, as far as they are to play a part.
The course is set up with the purpose of offering the more mature students an opportunity to orientate himself to the present crisis and study the part to be played by the individual, state, and nation in the peaceful solutions of the post-war conditions.
First-Aid
Offered to all students interested in the possible dangers of the untrained individual administering the first-aid to the accident Victims before the arrival o( the doctor or the ambulance driver.
Offered in the fall in the city, to be repeated for students.
Chemistry of Gases
This course is intended for those interested in civilian defense and those who have joined or will be inducted into the armed services. It deals with the kinds of gases used in warfare, their preparations,
88

uses and effects. Part of the time will be given to a consideration of explosives and incendiaries. 9ne hour_credit. (Winter.)
Radio Physics
This course is officially established for training radio technicians and junior radio repairmen for our armed services. It deals with the fundamental principles of radio. Anyone mastering the contents of radio physics should possess all the preliminary requirements of radiomen and technicians for military and naval service, and will acquire an excellent foundation upon which to build the advanced training necessary to qualify as a radio operator or technician. Three lectures and two laboratory periods a week. Five hours' credit.
Participation of the Teacher- Training Department in the War Effort
The teacher-training work at Georgia Southwestern consists of college classes in education and experience in the laboratory school. Those involved in the program include a member of the college faculty, who acts as director of teacher-training and instructor in education, four supervising teachers of the six-grade laboratory school. 29 student teachers and 102 pupils in the laboratory school. Realizing that both those who teach and the children of our training school will constitute vital groups both in the war effort and the post-war reconstruction, our program has been planned with a double purpose in mind.
Our training school is participating in the war effort through services rendered by the supervising teachers in ( 1) the various rationing programs, ( 2) collecting scrap and waste, ( 3) the sale of war stamps, ( 4) essential work at home to relieve the labor shortage, and ( 5) willing cooperation with all requirements believed essential to the war program. Our indirect preparation for the postwar period includes ( 1) studies and activities in the citizenship program, (2) acquaintance with the countries of our allies and enemies in social studies and geography (3) preparation for living in the air age by studies and activities in transportation, (4) map studies and interpretations from the point of polar geography, and ( 5) care and economy in the use of consumer goods.
In the college classes in education, students have participated in the laboratory school program by helping to plan and carry out the activities enumerated above. In this connection they have been guided by suggestions afforded through a bulletin prepared by Wartime Education Commission for Georgia: What the Schools Can Do to
89

Help Win the War. In each of our classes an attempt has been made to revise the content and either boy adaptation or substitution, to make it fit present war needs and future peace efforts. In this planning, student cooperation has been utilized.
Health and physical fitness is being emphasized through our lunch room program in which nearly every child participates and through help afforded by the county health authorities in teaching the controls for communicable and disabling diseases. Outdoor exercises of the rough-and-tumble type are promoted under direction of the supervising teachers and student teachers.
Teachers of the laboratory school have given much time in registration of draftees, and registrations for gasoline, sugar and fuel oil. The director of the teacher training program is regional representative of the High School Victory Corps, member of the local O.P.A. panel and district warden for Civilian Defense. He recently took part on a panel discussion of "What the Schools Can Do to Win the War."
Respectfully submitted,
PEYTON JACOB,
President.
90

ABRAHAM BALDWIN AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE
DEAR CHANCELLOR SANFORD:
I take pleasure in sending you the following report dealing with the contributions that the Abraham Baldwin Agricultural College 1s making to the War Effort.
I. Teaching the production and preservation of foods(a) Through our regularly enrolled students-during the past year the college with student labor has produced and preserved, either canned or frozen, approximately 15,000 gallons of vegetables and fruits. (b) Through our short courses-during the past year in regular short courses, approximately 600 farmers, extension agents, vocational teachers, and others were enrolled in classes teaching either the production or the preservation of foods. (c) Through community cooperation-approximately 30,000 quarts of vegetables and fruits were canned in the College cannery by individuals and agencies on days allotted to them. We feel that this is an especially helpful contribution toward the winning of the war.
2. We have had for two years a course in Civilian Pilot Training. Our boys are flying in every part of the world. At present we have a contract to teach 20 army fliers each 8 weeks.
3. We have adjusted our curriculum in order to place more emphasis on mathematics and physics.
4. We have included in our curriculum a course in pre-aviation, which will include studies in navigation and meteorology.
5. Each student receives a course in First Aid. 6. Special emphasis is being given to the Physical Fitness Pro-
gram. Supplementing our regular program of games, a program of gymnastics and supervised exercise will be offered in subsequent quarters. 7. During the year students have put on and will continue to put on scrap drives, bond drives, civilian training programs, etc. 8. Our girls do special work for the Red Cross sewing room.
This outline covers the activities in which we are engaged to date. The College stands ready to participate in all programs as they are announced.
91

C. A. A. War Training Program At the present time we are mai.Rtaining a contract with the Civil Aeronautics Authority War Training Program for the training of 46 trainees every six weeks. This program is carried on at Adel, Georgia, in conjunction with the Carson Chalk Flying School. The college receives $168 per student for instru<;:tion, and $100 per student for subsistence for the eight weeks period. This contract has been in effect three months and is the outgrowth of our pleasant relations with the C. A. A. for nearly three years. We have completed one eight-week period and have been assured of at least four more. The income from this source aids greatly in financing the school with its reduced regular enrollment.
Yours sincere!y,
GEo. H. KING, President.
92

SOUTH GEORGIA COLLEGE
DEAR CHANCELLOR SANFORD:
I wish to submit herewith my report as to the various war activities in which the South Georgia College is engaged at this time.
Every department of the South Georgia College is striving to make its students war conscious. A rigorous program of physical fitness, geared to the war effort, is showing splendid results. This program has been successful to the extent that many of our students have shown marked physical improvement under it.
A course in plane geometry was placed in the curriculum and all male students who had not had it were required to take it. This was followed by plane trigonometry. These students are and will be required to take physics.
The Physics Department is stressing those principles with which men and women in the armed services most frequently need to be familiar.
Special courses in preflight aeronautics are being offered. These courses include a study of airfoils, aviation type engines, structural mechanics of the airplane, and the design and operation of control surfaces.
Radio communication and a study of motors and fuels for use in both land and sea craft other than airplanes are given a rather greater place in the physics courses than in normal times.
Terminology and historical background for work in aviation, navigation, meteorology, heavy artillery, and communication are part of these courses. A substantial library is being acquired for the benefit of these students.
The Chemistry Department is intensifying its courses and placing special emphasis on poisonous gases, and treatment of persons injured by these gases. More time will be given to this subject during the coming quarter both in Chemistry and in Physical Science 102. The head of the Chemistry Department has made lectures to the Douglas Fire Department on the handling of incendiary bombs and the treatment of persons injured by phosphorus bombs.
The clothing and dietetics courses have been specially prepared to fit war-time needs. Our girls are receiving courses in care and training for children evacuated from coastal regions. Foods courses are em-
93

phasizing conservation and preservation of foods. The girls are also given training in solving.many cow;umer problems of today.
We have enrolled a large number of students in our accounting, shorthand and typewriting classes. At the conclusion of these courses students should be able to pass civil service examinations. A new accelerated course in typewriting, shorthand, accounting, and office practice is being offered. This course is designed to appeal to physically handicapped men and to young married women, and to women of mature years who see and feel the need to prepare themselves to fill the places vacated by men inducted into the armed services.
Individual professors are giving instruction in Civilian Defense, also lectures before civic organizations. All students are required to take first aid and civilian defense courses. Our library has information concerning all branches of the service for both men and women. Any information on current events is available there.
While rendering the above special services we have at all times been able to maintain the Southern Association standards in our insituation.
The South Georgia College, with the cooperation of the Board of \Regents and the Chancellor, made possible the establishment at Douglas of an Army Air Corps training school, by giving up for their use the college airport and some adjoining property.
The fact that we were able to unveil a service flag carrying 525 stars shows that we have trained our students well in the past to meet the present war emergency.
Respectfully submitted, J. M. THRASH, President.
94

ALBANY STATE COLLEGE
DEAR CHANCELLOR SANFORD:
In presenting my annual report concerning the activities of this institution, I wish to state that this has been one of the most successful years in the history of the institution. This is especially true as it affects the institution in its relation to our war efforts.
Early last fall the Governor created, by Executive Act, a Civilian Defense Committee among the colored people of the State and placed the work under the direction of the Negro units of the University System. Early in the year these units succeeded in organizing the colored people in more than 100 counties in the State. In each county there is a colored civilian defense committee, made up of five men and five women. These committees are orientated into the white committee which furnishes the direction and leadership.
Early in February, the state committee conducted a campaign and enrolled 80,000 civilian defense workers, who in turn, were classified according to the fields in which they were to serve and placed under the leadership of the white local committees. Many of these colored civilian workers have been so well trained that the rationing of gas and other commodities has been put entirely in their own hands. Our people have conducted the registration in other fields, and in all cases, their services have been very satisfactory.
Classes in First Aid, Nutrition, Fire Fighting, Demolition work and all forms of war work activities have been handled by our people with commendable success.
In addition to handling the program of training civilian workers for self-defense, your committee organized the colored farmers of the state, so as to be able to reach each farm family. As a result, there are some 40,000 or 50,000 Negro farms growing more foodstuffs than in any other year in our history. Much of this credit must go to the Department of Vocational Education. The Farm and Home Demonstration Agents, as well as the Jeannes Fund Workers, have had much to do with the successful prosecution of the program of growing food for victory. The colored people of the state are deeply interested in the war effort of the nation and the morale among them is good.
This institution has been granted the privilege of carrying fuller and richer courses in education, home economics, and civil service, and it is hoped that in a short time courses in nurse training may be had either here or at some other unit in the System. The Government is
95

calling for 12,000 Negro nurses, 20,000 nutnt10n workers, and 10,000 Civil Service workers. The truth of the matter is, the Government must mobilize iLs man pc1\ver, black and white, in order to win this war. This institution, like the other two Negro units, is anxious to contribute its full quota to the successful prosecution of the war.
Opening of the Summer Quarter Following the program for war service sent down by the Chancellor, this institution opened what was formerly the fall quarter on June 8, 1942, and to date we have registered more than 600 students. The courses laid down by the Chancellor that appeal especially to our students are nutrition, first aid, physical education and home economics. There are more than 300 persons taking these courses. In addition to the above courses, the regular college courses in physical science, biology, mathematics, social science, chemistry and English are being offered. By comparison, our summer school enrollment has suffered very little, if any, due to the war crisis, except that we have fewer men students, but the total enrollment is slightly above that for the summer of 1941.
Respectfully submitted, J. W. HOLLEY, President.
96

FORT VALLEY STATE COLLEGE
DEAR CHANCELLOR SANFORD:
I take pleasure in submitting this report dealing with the contributions that the Fort Valley State College is making to the War Effort.
1. Out of an enrollment of 64 men, we have a quota of 31 for the Army Enlisted Reserve. We have 28 men in this quota to date. At a recent visit of examining officials, favorable comment was had on the men selected, and on the program followed. These men are carrying on special studies in such subjects as topography, mathematics with special application to military requirements, and a physical fitness program.
2. The entire institution has turned to a program of physical fitness based on military requirements. Each student is participating in some form of voluntary athletic endeavor, with calisthenics and body-building exercises also in vogue. Members of the faculty as well as students-the large proportion of whom are now students-participate in this program.
3. A course in Industrial Chemistry under the Engineering, Science, and Management Defense Training Prograll?- has been set up and has met with a good response.
4. A program for the development of theatrical talent among our students, as well as for the entertainment of Negro personnel in the armed forces, has been instituted by the inauguration of ;hat we call the Fort Valley State College Troupers. This organization is prepared to give a program of light entertainment to soldiers in nearby cantonments at no additional expense beyond transportation.
5. With the depletion of the number of men enrolled-approximately 64 males and 240 females-we have turned to providing entertainment for our students and hospitality to Negro soldiers as a morale-building feature. On several occasions transportation has been provided by the authorities of nearby Camp Wheeler for the transportation of women from our campus to the Camp for dances, and for the transportation of military personnel from Camp Wheeler to our campus. We are assured that these activities contribute to the
97

morale of the men concerned, as well as to that of our own student body..
6. We are negotiating with the State Department of Vocational Agriculture to institute short training courses for some of our women here, who might in turn become instructors for the short courses being conducted by the OSYA program for greater food production.
7. We are carrying_ on an extensive health program, with required courses in First Aid for prospective graduates; with required health examinations for all of our students with the assistance of a resident Public Health Official; and through the activities of our regular resident nurse.
8. We are exploring, with the assistance of Mr. A. George Nathanson of the War Production Board, the development of small rural industries; and collaborating with him on a plan for the development of personnel under the authorization of the Office of the Chief of Staff, which will call both for the utilization of rural manpower in income-earning enterprises as a means to stabilizing labor in rural areas, and as a possible development for developing food production in occupied areas as a means for economizing on shipping.
9. A program of part-time employment of young men on a split-week program of work and study in cooperation with the nearby Wellston Air Base has been handicapped ry the shortage of men in recent weeks. This plan, however, has been markedly successful.
I 0. The institution has collaborated with representatives of the United States Treasury in encouraging the sale of War Stamps and Bonds both in its own area and in nearby communities.
11. Various members of the staff of the institution have been active in civilian committees. The President of the institution continues to serve as a member of the sub-committee on Education of the Joint Army and Navy Committee on Welfare and Recreation; the Treasurer as an official in local defense activities; the Registrar on a state committee designed to plan activities for Negro schools; and the like.
A recent enumeration of faculty and students (of the last three years) in the Armed Forces totalled 65. Of the fifty-eight students
98

drafted, three have won commissions, four are now in officer candidate schools, and of the remaining 39 of whom we have record, 31 are non-commissioned officers. We have a-sergeant-major in Alaska, a corporal and a sergeant in India, and other men scattered in other places over the world.
I hope this partial report will serve your purpose. With best wishes, I am,
Sincerely,
H. M. BoND,
President.
99

GEORGIA STATE COLLEGE
DEAR CHANCELLOR SANFORD:
Victory Program
Georgia State College is helping to win the war. Georgia State College has contributed to the armed forces approximately 200 men who are now serving in practically all camps in the United States and in the fighting forces in foreign lands. Every department of the college has been directed towards a unified effort to bring victory as quickly as possible.
General Program
Some of the outstanding features of the college program are: 1. The college has been placed on a full 12-month program. Each department has been streamlined to produce maximum results with minimum effort. 2. Physical education courses are required for all studentsboth men and women. 3. Additional courses in mathematics and physics have been made available.
Science and Mechanics Department
Previous to May 7, 1942, shipfitters' helpers were trained at the college. Many workers have found jobs in the local shipyards through this service. At the present there are five courses being conducted at the college in Defense Industry:
1. Electrical Welding 2. Acetylene Cutting 3. Ship Sheet Metal Work 4. Ship Carpentry and Boatbuilding 5. Automotive Mechanics.
The people enrolled in the above listed classes are men and women in Chatham County and adjacent counties who desire to improve themselves for maximum defense service.
Two classes in Radio Principles and Radio Service were started in the Fall term. The students in the Radio Service course are trained to diagnose troubles and correct faults in radio apparatus.
100

Agricultural and Community Activity
The college has organized its forces in agriculture in order that it may make a real contribution towards a Victory Program. Emphasis has been placed on efficiency in production not only at the college bGt in the community adjacent to the college. The faculty of the college has been instrumen,tal in setting an example that is stimulating and inspiring to the farmers and teachers of Georgia.
A survey of the college community shows that there is a total of 1,745 hens. The egg production from these hens approximates 400 dozen eggs a week in addition to the eggs consumed for family use.
There is a faculty pig club that is stimulating the products of pork for home use and for market. At present there are 75 hogs in the community.
A garden is a part of every home. In the college and in the community 3, 19 0 gallons of fruits and vegetables were canned for home consumption.
Families are encouraged to raise their own beef and .dairy cattle to meet the needs of the home for beef and milk.
Home Economics Department
In the home industry stress has been laid upon the use of remodeling old garments. In the Home Economics Department 97 garments have been remodeled and made practically new. This makes available money to invest in War Bonds and Stamps.
Great emphasis is also being placed upon the proper diet. Students are being taught to balance their foods so as to build stronger bodies at minimum cost.
Library
The library has made available a special shelf carrying war information. Students and teachers are encouraged to read and understand the war and its meaning to us. In this way morale is being built up.
Social Service
The Georgia State College from the beginning has led in service to organizations working to promote efficiency in the war effort:
101

I. The president of the college was asked to serve as the vtce chairman of the State Gommittee_on Civilian Defense for Colored People in Georgia.
2. The president of the college was also appointed as chairman of Savannah-Chatham County Defense Division. In this position he has been able to help enroll 7, 000 colored people in this city and county.
3. The president of the college was asked to serve as chairman of the Savannah Soldiers' Social Service for colored soldiers. Working as chairman of a local group we were able to raise approximately $1,500 for the U. S. 0.
4. We have established a beautiful center for the service of colored soldiers at Thirty-seventh and Ogeechee Road, Savannah, Georgia. A staff of seven people is employed at this center where soldiers are made welcome at all times of the day and night. Colored people of Savannah have contributed over $700 towards this voluntary service. This has been done under the general leadership of the college.
5. The college has placed its facilities at the disposal of the soldiers quartered at Savannah Air Base and Camp Stewart. Soldiers are made welcome at the college, at the regular college sociables, and at all public exercises. The dean of women, the matrons and other lady teachers have gladly helped in entertaining the soldiers at the camps by escorting a large number of young women to the camps to entertain the soldiers on special occasions.
Agricultural Extension
Our Agricultural Extension Service has touched practically every county in Georgia where Negro farmers live in large numbers. A victory message of efficient maximum production has been carried to Negro farmers in all parts of Georgia. More poultry and eggs, more hogs, more dairy cattle, more beef cattle and better gardens than ever before are in the program for this year.
Training for War Production
Georgia State College, in close cooperation with the Federal and State Boards of Vocational Education, has developed a war production training program that is meeting the needs of the war industry in the Southeast.
102

During the past year equipment valued at $18, 147. 08 has been

installed in our shops. The following shops are now prepared to train

workers for war industry:

-

Arc Welding Automobile Mechanics Boat-Building Fitting and Plumbing Forge Machine

Gas Cutting Marine Electricity Marine Pipe Machine Sheet Metal Ship Blacksmithing

A total of $20,445.03 has been spent on instruction and supervision of this phase of our program. A total of 53 2 men and women have received training in our shops since the training program was started. At present there are 8 7 students enrolled. Additional classes are being organized so that machinery and equipment will be used for 24 hours each day.

On June 17 the Jones Ship Construction Company of Brunswick, Georgia, sent a special representative to the college in search for electric welders. A test was given to 15 men who completed training in our school, and 15 men were selected and placed at work in Brunswick. After noting the work of these men, Mr. H. F. Thompson, Assistant State Supervisor of Vocational Training for War Production Workers, wrote the Supervisor of VE-ND Training as follows:

"In talking with Mr. Prassel he is very much pleased with the trainees he received from your school. He is asking that you give him exclusive right to all trainees completing your arc welding courses, and further he is encouraging that you start as many classes as possible. . . . "

Every effort will be made to enlarge this phase of our program.

Respectfully submitted,

BENJAMIN F. HUBERT, President.

103

GEORGIA EXPERIMENT STATION
DEAR CHANCELLOR SANFORD:
I take pleasure in sending you the following reports dealing with the contributions that the Georgia Experiment Station is making to the War Effort.
Soon after the Pearl Harbor incident, December 7, 1941, the Office of Experiment Stations in Washington requested all state agricultural experiment stations carefully to go over all research projects and either eliminate or plan to give a minimum of time to those not essential to the war effort and emphasize all those having a bearing on winning the war, and to take up only such new projects as will contribute most towards winning the world-wide conflict.
In addition to a general revision of the research projects, staff members increased their efforts by serving on numerous committees, and are making more quickly available accumulated information from research work to aid the general public wherever such advice and assistance will aid in the war effort. Sample areas or counties were selected for studies of agricultural adjustments to assist farmers in making most of their available labor, land, and equipment to produce the maximum of war-essential crops without loss to themselves. Members of the staff served on state-wide committees to determine first which agricultural implements should be manufactured for use in 1942 and 1943, and then assisted in making an equitable distribution of the new equipment as well as repair parts for old machinery to assist in producing maximum yields of essential war crops in all sections of the state.
In 1942 Georgia was requested practically to double its acreage of peanuts. At this time a study is being made in both the old and new peanut-growing sections of the state in order to obtain information to assist in making necessary changes and adjustments further to increase the peanut crop for the production of more peanut oil, so essential in the war effort in 1943. A new and improved strain of Spanish peanuts, developed by the Georgia Experiment Station, was placed in the hands of the G-F-A Peanut Association in the spring of 1942 to plant 500 acres. This seed stock was sufficient to produce approximately 500,000 pounds of seed which will be used for planting in 1943. Its superior productive qualities should give a larger increased tonnage from next year's crop. Methods of treating seed peanuts against disease, developed by this Station to give better
104

stands are being adopted more and more by peanut growers, which is another important factor in increasing yields. Also lime and gypsum applications have been very e1iective in fertilizer mixtures for increasing yields of the Virginia !YPe of peanuts. Control of leaf diseases, over a period of six years, has given an average increase of 325 pounds of pea:nuts per acre.
The recent increase in oil seed meal supply of the country incident to expanded production of peanuts and soybeans has increased the demand for more information regarding the value of these meals in feeding since many farmers have had no experience in their use. Also the shortage of animal proteins makes the use of more vegetable proteins in the feed necessary. This applies especially to peanut meal, and this Station has conducted and is now carrying on experiments to determine how this great supply of peanut meal can best be utilized in animal feeding.
A review of the literature on insects on the growing crop in the United States was worked up and distributed to entomologists in all the peanut-growing states in order to aid them in instituting control measures wherever necessary. Staff members are also serving on state and national committees in a concerted effort to control diseases of our principal crops and thereby increase production.
The 1942 fertilizer experiments with small grains have shown that a balanced fertilizer applied in relatively small amounts will produce more grain on a number of soil types than large amounts of nitrogen applied alone. Phosphoric acid and potash, being less expensive and more plentiful than nitrogen, make this work especially beneficial to agriculture since the nitrogen supply is limited and we could increase our grain production by balancing the nitrogen with other fertilizer elements.
New varieties of both wheat and oats are being increased and made available to Georgia farmers. The Experiment Station has approximately 100 acres of new oats and 150 acres of Sanford wheat planted at this time. The seed will be distributed for planting in 1943. Approximately one-third of the entire wheat crop of Georgia is now being planted to the Sanford variety, and during the three years the Experiment Station has distributed seed of this new wheat, not a single unfavorable report has come in regarding its growth in any part of the state where wheat is grown, and at no time has the Experiment Station, as well as seed-growing farmers who secured their Sanford wheat from the Experiment Station, been able to supply demands for seed. Requests coming in from farmers
105

in other states have made it more difficult for growers of Sanford wheat to supply home demands.
The Cherokee, a new variety of sweet corn originated by the Georgia Experiment Station, is being supplied to Georgia farmers in quantity for the first time this fall. The Experiment Station has more than a hundred bushels being offered at $5.60 a bushel. This new variety was created by crossing a variety of sweet corn with one of the dent varieties. It is a much better yielder than any commercial variety of sweet corn tried by this Station and, when well distributed over the state, should be effective in increasing food supplies both for home use and for commercial purposes.
In 1942 the Georgia Experiment Station grew ten acres of new Georgia-Improved Perfection pimiento peppers originated by the Station. Through a cooperative arrangement with the Georgia Canners Association the seed from this crop were distributed to the canners and growers of the state. Georgia plants from 16,000 to 20,000 acres of pimientos each year, and it is estimated that the seed sent out in 1942 will be sufficient to plant the entire pepper crop of the state to this one variety in 1944. This new variety produces approximately one-half ton per acre more than the ordinary pimiento, and the canner can process it with a saving of approximately 25 per cent in time and labor.
By use of improved varieties of strawberries, proper culture and fertilizer practices, mulching with sawdust and irrigating, yields have been increased from approximately 4,000 to 6,500 quarts to the acre.
Sweet potatoes planted 12 to 16 inches apart in 3 Yz -foot rows
prior to the first of May have given 10 per cent greater yields than those planted by ordinary methods and dates.
At the present time the indications are that there will be a limited supply of cans for preserving the 1943 food crops, which emphasizes the necessity for developing methods of dehydrating as many foods as possible to be used as substitutes for canned foods. The Georgia Experiment Station has cooperated with the Tennessee Valley Authority in establishing one pilot plant and four community dehydrators which are in operation at this time collecting data and gaining experience as rapidly as possible in order to be of greatest assistance in expanding the dehydration of food products next year. We are taking each variety of fruits and vegetables as it matures and dehydrating small lots so as to have information on every fruit and
106

vegetable grown in the state. In addition, a school or conference was held in the laboratories of the Station actually to give men in several communities the latest: and best methods of dehydrating in order that they could go back and operate dehydrators for their respective communities.
A recent survey shows that families in the mountainous section of north Georgia, eastern Tennessee, and possibly western North C;uolina spend more for dried beans during the winter months than for any other one food commodity. The beans generally used unfortunately are not grown in either of the three states mentioned, but are shipped in from the Northwest. Also, by far and large the greater number of hogs used in the mountainous section of north Georgia are secured from south and middle Georgia, and are sent into the mountainous section of the state as truck loads of pigs. It is very evident that the supply of beans and pigs sent into that section of the state next year will be very drastically curtailed. This makes it necessary that foods be grown in north Georgia to take the place of the pork and beans brought in from other sections. A very definite program to increase these two crops in north Georgia is now being developed.
The Army and Navy have asked the experiment stations for further information on the conservation of the nutritive value of food products. To this end studies are being made to determine the effect of storage and different methods of cooking on the vitamin C content of turnip greens and the effect of length of storage and different methods of cooking on the carotene (vitamin A) and vitamin C content of sweet potatoes. Figures that are available at the present time are chiefly for raw foods, and great effort is being made to obtain reliable figures on nutritive values of foods as they are actually consumed. The nutritive value of peanut protein as compared with milk protein is also being studied. It is now a protein available in quantities which can be used to replace some of the scarcer proteins such as meat and milk.
During the season of boll weevil act1v1ty, reports of infestation were collected from farms throughout Georgia, with the cooperation of county agents, farmers, and entomologists, and summarized and published weekly in order that the growers might be on the alert and learn the proper time to apply control measures.
Meat and milk and its products are not being produced now in sufficient quantities for war and civilian needs in Georgia. The im-
107

provemeilt of pastutes can increase meat and milk production, and do so at a considerable -saving in-labor. Pasture experiments have shown that proper liming and fertilization is the first step necessary in pasture improvement, and this should be accompanied by the establishment of a permanent grass-clover sod. Temporary pastures should be provided to supplement periods of low production of the permanent pastures. Pasture grasses respond most to nitrogen fertilizers which are available now in limited quantities. It has been found that the seeding and fertilizing of winter clovers on grass sod will supply sufficient nitrogen to the grass to give excellent pasture production.
Ber~uda grass combined with a winter legume such as crimson clover or white clover is a good combination for most Georgia soils. Bermuda grass and lespedeza make a good combination. Lespedeza does not combine well with winter legumes nor will it stimulate the growth of bermuda like winter legumes, but it does increase the feed value and the carrying capacity of bermuda pastures.
Experiments have been conducted and are still in progress to determine how nitrogen fertilizers can be utilized most efficiently in pasture and livestock production. This information will be of considerable value after the war because enormous facilities for manufacturing nitrogen fertilizers will be available for agricultural uses.
Home-grown feeds for livestock are being stressed in order to increase the state's meat supply. Sweet potatoes shredded and dried in the open air, now being fed to dairy cattle, show a decided increase in milk production. Home-grown hays, combined with sweet potato meal, cottonseed meal, and peanut meal, are being used now in sheep and cattle feeding tests. This work is being closely followed by the farmers of Georgia who make immediate use of new information gained.
Sorghum bagasse, which is the crushed stalks of sorghum, a waste product from syrup mills, is ensilaged with soybeans and a small quantity of phosphoric acid is being fed in comparison with corn silage at the Georgia Mountain Experiment Station. The cattle eat bagasse silage readily and are making gains equal to those receiving corn silage. There are large quantities of bagasse normally going to waste in north Georgia each year. Its use as silage will increase greatly the meat supply of that section.
Respectfully submitted,
H. P. STUCKEY, Director.
108

GEORGIA COASTAL PLAIN
EXPERIMENT STATION
DEAR CHANCELLOR SANFORD:
The Georgia Coastal Plain Experiment Station is making a definite contribution toward winning the war. The Station is placing in the hands of the farmers the latest findings on the production of those commodities so essential in the war effort. It is also placing in their hands material which will aid them in making some of the adjustments necessary. This is being done through the use of new bulletins and also through mimeographed material containing pertinent findings and specific recommendations. For example, some of the subjects covered in this material are:
1. Production Practices in Growing Vegetables. 2. Fertilizing Cotton in 1943. 3. Fertilizing Flue-cured Tobacco in 19 4 3. 4. Production of Peanuts. 5. Production of Soybeans. 6. Pasture Development. 7. Meat Production.
As you can see, all of the subjects treated have a vital bearing on winning the war.
In addition, new experimental projects are being added to the program of the Station that may make direct contributions to the equipment of our armed forces.
Not connected with the war effort, I should like to report that the Georgia Coastal Plain Experiment Station has now been operated under the same administration as the Abraham Baldwin Agricultural College for the past month. The uniting of these two agencies, as separate units, under a single administrative head seems to be very desirable.
Of primary importance is the fact that in due time the work ot the Station and College may be integrated to such an extent that College students and faculty will be able to utilize to the fuliest advantage the facilities of the Station. This is a problem that is going to require quite a bit of study. While the College and Station have always cooperated to the mutual advantage of each, every agricultural college administrator realizes the lag between what is going on in research and what is being taught in the classroom or field. Due to
109

the proximity of the work of these two units and with the President of one and the Director 5Jf the othtr being the same person and being able to act in the capacity of a liaison agent, much can be done to reduce this lag. Already a joint committee of the Station staff and the College faculty is working on this problem.
I might mention the fact that the uniting of the two units seems to have met with approval. In addition to the local approvaL which makes the adjustment easier to make, is the approval of professional workers who see an advancement with the uniting of agricultural colleges and experiment stations.
We need much wise guidance in working out many details, and shall look forward to receiving your wise counsel and that of the Board of Regents on some of our problems.
Yours sincere!y,
GEO. H. KING, Director.
110

AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION SERVICE
DEAR CHANCELLOR SANFORD:
Since the University System is so actively identified with the war effort at this time, I am outlining some highlights of the work of the Agricultural Extension Service in this connection.
The Extension Service in Washington and throughout the States, recognizing the ever-increasing wartime problems of transportation, labor, and equipment, has devised a neighborhood leader system as a means of getting important information to and from every farm family in every county and doing it in the shortest possible time.
Briefly, we have in every county an agricultural program planning committee. The natural communities are delineated in each county and the natural neighborhoods are delineated within each community. In the communities we have leaders designated to work with the county and home demonstration agents on community-wide activities, such as community meetings. In the neighborhoods we have neighborhood men and women leaders known as "Victory Volunteers", designated for each eight to fifteen farm families. The distribution of neighborhood leaders with reference to farm families is such that if it should become necessary we could hold what we call "walk-in" meetings; that is, all local families of that particular neighborhood could "walk in" to a designated place or home and meet with the leaders. Communities and neighborhoods were delineated by local people assisted by the agricultural workers of each county. The latest report shows a state total of 2,100 communities with 6,220 community leaders, 10,195 neighborhoods with 26,351 neighborhood leaders. Our county and state workers are very much gratified and encouraged at the ready response which they get from farm people when asked to serve as leaders. They are ready and willing to do anything they can to help win the war.
Getting back to the community and county level. each community has a man and woman representative on the county program planning committee. In addition to working out the general program for the county an executive committee of the county program planning committee advises with the county and home demonstration agents as to programs and materials that should be channelled through the neighborhood leaders.
The neighborhood leaders have already functioned very effectively in several war emergency campaigns such as the salvage campaign and truck survey.
11 1

Georgia 4-H'ers Leading Nation in War Work
Report on November 14th frem National 4-H Club headquarters in Washington, D. C., showed that the 95,000 4-H Club members in Georgia rank first in the nation in the sale of War Bonds and Stamps.
Georgia is second nationally in the collection of scrap rubber, and is in third place in the collection of scrap metals.
$300,000 worth of War Bonds and Stamps sold. $200,000 worth purchased themselves. 2,329,942 pounds of scrap rubber collected. 10,000,000 pounds of scrap metals collected.
Plans have been mad;! nationally for 4-H Club members in each community, county and state to participate in the purchase of a 4-H ambulance station wagon to be dedicated to 4-H'ers in our armed forces. The 4-H ambulance will be presented to the American Red Cross at an impressive ceremony during the National 4-H Club Congress, November 29-December 4. The ambulance will carry an appropriate dedication plate.
Each state in the Union was asked to contribute $50. To date, November 27th, Georgia 4-H Club members have already contributed over $325, and more is going into the ambulance fund each day.
Georgia's enrollment of 95,000 4-H Club members is the largest we have ever had.
GEORGIA 4-H CLUB WORK- 1942
National Winners
NATIONAL 4-H CLUB LEADERSHIP CONTEST-Girls-First in the Nation:
Eula Wood, Rt. 2, Gordon, Georgia-Wilkinson County. Award-Silver trophy to be held during year, donated by H. A.
Moses and Edward Foss Wilson. Trip to the Twenty-first National 4-H Club Congress, Chicago, Ill. $200 college scholarship.
NATIONAL 4-H CLUB LEADERSHIP CONTEST-Boys-Second m Nation:
Faine Chambers, Rt. 4, Marietta, Georgia-Cobb County. Award-$100 college scholarship.
NATIONAL 4-H CLUB GIRLS' RECORD CONTEST-Sectional Winner, One of Six in Nation:
Sallie Cook, Rt. 4, Covington, Georgia-Newton County. Award-$200 college scholarship.
112

NATIONAL KERR CANNING CoNTEST-Sectional Winner, One of Five in the Nation:
Sara Alderman, Rt. 1: Wrightsvllle, Georgia--Johnson County. Award-$200 college scholarship.
NATIONAL 4-H CLOTHING ACHIEVEMENT CONTEST- Sectional Winner, One of Twelve in Nation:
Eva Mae Jones, Rt. 1, Hahira, Georgia-Lowndes County. Award-$200 college scholarship.
NATIONAL HOME GROUNDS BEAUTIFICATION CONTEST-Sectional Winner, One of Eight in Nation:
Okie Hendrix, Rt. 2, Manassas, Georgia-Tattnall County. Award-Trip to the National 4-H Club Congress, Chicago, Ill.
NATIONAL GARDEN CONTEST-National Winner, One of Eight in the Nation: -Sectional Winner, One of Eight in the Nation:
Dorothy Edmonds, Rt. 2, Greensboro, Georgia-Greene County. Award-(National) $100 War Bond.
(Sectional) Trip to the National 4-H Club Congress, Chicago, Ill.
NATIONAL FOOD PREPARATION CONTEST-First Alternate in the Blue Award Group:
Juanita Hulett, Rt. 1, Milan, Georgia-Telfair County. Award-No tangible award. Should first-place winner forfeit Juanita will receive $200 scholarship.
Professor P. H. Stone and his assistants attended nine district conferences of the Negro Methodist Episcopal Church and seven Negro Baptist Church Association meetings. At the Methodist conferences there were I ,500 ministers present, representing approximately 115,000 church members. Baptist Association meetings involved some 300 churches with approximately 5,000 members. At each of these meetings the extension workers were given a prominent place on the program to discuss the Food for Victory program and other important contributions which colored people can and should make to the war effort.
In addition to making this talk, each minister was given a large envelope containing condensed information gotten out by the Extension Subject-Matter Specialists regarding various phases of food production and food conservation work. Professor Stone reports that the response was exceedingly good in all cases. He states that following his talk at the first Methodist Conference, Bishop Fountain, who is head of the Colored Methodist Church in this state, came out on the platform with one of those kits of information under his arm. He made about a thirty-minute talk, commenting on and emphasizing
113

,rhat Professor Stone had said, and ended by saying: "If I hear of ny preacher failing to -emphasizQ. the extreme importance of every person participating in the Food for Victory program, then that preacher need not come to me looking for a church next year; he is not going to have one."
This contact which our colored Extension workers had with the Negro ministers and churches in this state is by no means new. Extension has had a regular place on these programs for a number of years, but I thought you would be interested in this particularly fine response which our workers received this year with reference to the war effort.
I would like to add, also, that the white county agents are doing considerable work with and through white ministers in rural areas. In northwest Georgia the county agents and rural ministers have, for the past several years, held an annual conference at which they discussed their mutual problems and outlined procedures for more effective service to the people of their respective counties.
We realize the great responsibilities and problems confronting farmers in producing the necessary amounts of food and fiber to win the war. We realize that the Extension workers also have the greatest responsibility that has ever been placed upon them in assisting the farmers to carry out their program in the face of inevitable difficulties. We are gearing our forces for the greatest effort possible along this line, and we feel that the neighborhood leader system will contribute much to the war effort of the University System.
Very truly yours, W. S. BROWN, Director.
114

- THE UNIVERSITY SYSTEM COUNCIL
The Council, which is the deliberative body of the University System, making recommendations on matters of policy and procedure to the Chancellor and Board of Regents, has for the past several years offered no new suggestions. Rather, through the officers and committees the Council has put its services at the disposal of the Survey Commission headed by Dean George Works, University of Chicago, who is conducting a survey of the System under a grant from the General Education Board.
The University System is unique among the state. It is a centrally administered, governmentally supported organization of sixteen colleges now completing its first decade. Whether in Georgia state-supported higher education so conceived and so administered can and should endure is a question which is thus passing in review. Originally the Board of Regents, with the aid of a Commission of prominent educators drawn from several states outlined and set in motion the policies and cert:1in of the procedures for a University System of Georgia. Dean George A. Works who served as chairman of this originally ancillary group was commissioned last year to review the present status of the organization and to submit to the Regents, for their consideration, a review of the facts about its operation, together with recommendations for the immediate present and future.
Dr. Works has called my attention to the following facts for careful consideration with regard to the future practices of the University System:
1. Careful selection should be made of the trades that are to be offered in the school. They should be a reflection of the trade and industrial opportunities that are to be found in the state. It is a mistake to train young persons for jobs that do not exist in the area in which they live.
2. The school should have great flexibility in the length of the courses offered. Some trades will not call for more than five or six months of preparation, while others may require several years. It is to be expected that a school will give a wider range of basic training than would be possible for a person who comes up through the industry itself. This should not mean, though, that students will be kept in schools longer than is actually necessary.
3. A school cannot economically give the complete training for a trade, but it will instead attack the problem of preparing the trainee
115

for an apprenticeship. This means that the student will begin his work in industry as an a~vancedle~rner rather than as an experienced worker. This makes it necessary that the institution have connections with industry so that its students may continue and extend their training on the job. If the institution can furnish some supervision of this experience, especially in the initial stages, so much the better.
4. It is of fundamental importance that the teachers in a trade school be thoroughly skilled in the trades which they teach. This means that the emphasis placed on degrees by the more academic type of institution has little place in a trade school. The members of the staff should be selected with an eye to their proficiency in the trades they are to teach.
116

ENROLLMENT IN ALL GEORGIA HIGHER. INSTITUTIONS
The problems of higher education for the youth of Georgia have state-wide implications and affect all institutions providing education for those who complete the work of the accredited school. In Georgia there are 47 institutions of higher learning, of which 29 are on the senior level and 18 on the junior level. These 4 7 colleges do not include specially chartered schools of law, pharmacy, and business.
The total enrollment in the 4 7 colleges is 17,7 54-these figures do not include summer enrollment. The enrollment in the 29 senior colleges is 14,787 and in the 18 junior colleges 2,967. There are 10 state senior colleges, and these have an enrollment of 8,474, while the 19 senior colleges not maintained by the state have 6,313. It is thus seen that the state-maintained senior colleges are providing education for approximately 57 per cent of those attending senior colleges. The I 0 state senior colleges have an average of 84 7 students; the other 19 non-state senior colleges have an average of 332 students.
The 18 junior colleges have an enrollment of 2,967; in the six state junior colleges there are 1, 57 8 students and in the 12 others, 1,389. There are I 0 colleges for Negroes with a total enrollment of 3,085; three are state-supported and seven are not. In the three state colleges, there are 973, approximately 31 per cent.
117

TABLE I ENROLLMENT OF COLLEGES IN GEORGIA
October 15 - 1935 1936 1937 1938

Senior Colleges in University System
University System Center, Atlanta_________________________________ Georgia School of Technology, Atlanta________________________ _ G. S. C. W., Milledgeville______________________________________________ _ G. S. W. C., Valdosta_____________________________________________________ _ Georgia Teachers College, Statesboro____________________________ _ University of Georgia, Athens________________________________________ _
University of Georgia School of Medicine, Augusta______ _

842 1871 1235
343 440 2724 151

1105 2014 1279
311 522 2843 148

1165 2354 1363
306 502 3178 155

1279 2493 1495 341
580 3379
163

1939
1479 2590 1469 353
514 3408
168

1940
1640 2761 1340
349 506 3377 178

1941 1602 2835 1189
316 350 2978 210

.2
l<l27 2549
948 248 160 2127 242

Totals

7606 8222 9023 9730 9981 10151 9480 7501

Senior Colleges Not in University System

.......

Agnes Scott College, Decatur------------------------------------------ 478 Berry College, Mt. BerrY--------------------------------------------------- 586

00

BBer es sniaeuTCi fot l lCeoglel,e gGe ,a iFnoe srvs yi ltlhe ._.__-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_--_

257 334

**Columbia Theological Seminary, Decatur_______________________ _ Emory University, Atlanta______________________________________________ _

55 1109

LaGrange College, LaGrange__________________________________________ _ 119

Mercer University, Macon_________________________________________________ 469

***Oglethorpe University, Atlanta______________________________________ _ 434

Piedmont College, Demorest____________________________________________ _ Shorter College, Rome______________________________________________________ _ Wesleyan College, Macon _________________________________________________

239 238 273

479 611 267 324 49 1116 113 444 460 219 215 302

487 621 254 373
60 1212
93 444 588 249 212 288

481 594 246 381
53 1326
127 480 838 190 215 266

468 600 227 384
64 1393
129 466 671 176 210 245

494 567 183 372
68 1410
164 502 235 241 229 260

477 591 191 369
70 1318
154 414 167 195 211 311

. 510 543
t 170
290 58
1264 138 466
174 192 396

ComTboitnaelds -S--e--n--i--o--r---C--o--l-l--e-g--e----E--n--r--o--l-l-m----e-n---t-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-__-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_ 124159917 124852919 134988014 145912977 155001334 144782756 134946488 114720012

Junior Colleges of University System
Abraham Baldwin Agricultural College, Tifton______________ 217 250 317 377 405 341 289 167 Georgia Southwestern College, Americus________________________ _ 336 311 314 350 374 378 305 166 Middle Georgia College, Cochran____________________________________ _ 286 346 345 403 432 385 354 223 North Georgia College, Dahlonega__________________________________ _ 303 344 415 535 593 595 650 649

October 15- 1935 1936 1937 1938 1939 1940 1941 1942

South Georgia College, Douglas........................................ West Georgia College, Carrollton.....................................
Totals -----------------------

204
-27-0
1616

259
-30-3
1813

314
-29-6
2001

340
-42-8
2433

311
-44-9
2564

309
-46-8
2476

251 274
--
2275

143 230
--
1578

Junior Colleges Not in University System

Andrew College, Cuthbert................................................. 83

93

80 120

82

85

83

96

Armstrong Junior College, Savannah............................... 168 324 334 262 276 263 204 181

Brewton-Parker, Mt. Vernon........................................... 109 109

88 105 127 119 194 180

Emory at Oxford, Oxford.................................................. 120 145 154 189 181 171 207 180

Emory Junior College, Valdosta........................................ 72

58

61

50

69

74

63 ttt

Georgia Military College, Milledgeville........................... 80

80 111 139 155 176 197 124

Gordon Military College, Barnesville............................... 131 157 124 143 136 138 148 116

Junior College of Augusta, Augusta............................... 247

tt 240 264 253 290 259 200

Norman Junior College, Norman Park.............................

87 109

93 106 140 110

99

73

............
\0

Rabun Gap-Nacoochee, Rabun Gap..................................
Reinhardt College, Waleska.............................................. Young Harris College, Young Harris...............................

80 91 288
--

90 75 290
--

81 71 239
--

143 89
322
--

145 94
366
--

137 89
-28-5

101 70
220
--

71 36
-13-2

Totals ........................................................................... 1556 1530 1676 1932 2024 1937 1845 , 1389

Combined Junior College Enrollment............................... 3172 3343 3677 4365 4588 4413 3968 2967

Negro Colleges of University System
Fort Valley State College, Fort Valley............................ Albany State College, Albany........................................... Georgia State College, Savannah......................................
Totals ...........................................................................

88 103
-26-9 460

107 109
-33-5 551

103 133
-34-3 579

99 208
-52-3 830

218 334
-55-6
1108

306 241
-56-2
1109

311 269
-51-0
1090

304 192
-47-7 973

Negro Colleges Not in University System

**Atlanta University, Atlanta.............................................. 109 131 107 100 230 212 112

91

Clark College, Atlanta....................................................... 455 513 410 350 360 376 398 407

**Gammon Theological Seminary, Atlanta.........................

82

79

77

68

63

61

65

67

Morehouse College, Atlanta............................................. 338 416 379 400 415 351 346 397 Morris Brown College, Atlanta........................................ 596 614 550 572 639 591 461 557

October 15 -1935 1936 1937 .1988 1939 1940 1941 1942

Paine College, Augusta...................................................... Spelman College, Atlanta..................................................
Totals .......................................................................... Combined Negro College Enrollment.............................

222
-27-0
2072 2532

COMBINED TOTALS ............................................... 17901

207
-29-9
2259 2810
18974

193
-35-0
2066 2645
20226

225
-34-9
2064 2894
22186

269
-36-1
2337 3445
23047

261
-38-4
!236 3345
22634

270
-38-4
2036 3126
21042

195
-39-8
2112 3085
17754

**Graduate School.

***Adult education included for 1935 through 1939. ttDestroyed by fire.

tttTransferri!d to Emory University campus for duration of war.

N 0

Table II shows the comparative registration summary for nine years, and Table III shows the cumulative and the summer school enrollment for a period of five years.

TABLE II COMPARATIVE REGISTRATION SUMMARY Enrollment in the University System-Fall Quarter

NAME OF INSTITUTION

1934 1935 1936 1937 1938 1939 1940 1941 1942

Senior Institutions:

University of Georgia, Athens............................ 2404

Georgia School of Technology, Atlanta............ 1784

University System Center, Atlanta.................... 835

Univ. of Ga. School of Medicine, Augusta.......... 147

Ga. State College for Women, Milledgeville...... 1160

Georgia Teachers College, Statesboro................ 476

--t'o)

- - Georgia State Womans College, Valdosta.......... 343 Totals ............................................................ 7149 Junior Institutions:

Georgia Southwestern College, Americus.......... 277 West Georgia College, Carrollton...................... 366 Middle Georgia College, Cochran........................ 267 North Georgia College, Dahlonega.................... 268 South Georgia College, Douglas........................ 203 Abraham Baldwin Agricultural
- - College, Tifton .............................................. 169
Totals ............................................................ 1550

2724 1871
842 151 1235 440
-34-3
7606
336 270 286 303 204
-21-7
1616

2843 2014 1105
148 1279
522
-31-1
8222
311 303 346 344 259
-25-0
1813

3178 2354 1165
155 1363
502 306
--
9023
314 296 345 415 314
-31-7
2001

3379 2493 1279
163 1495
580
-34-1
9730
350 428 403 535 340
-37-7
2433

3408 2590 1479
168 1469
514
-35-3
9981

3377 2761
1640 178
1340 5-06
-:3-49
10151

374 449 432 593 311
-40-5
2564

378 468 385 595 309
-34-1
2476

2978 2835 1602
210
1189 350
-31-6
9480

2127 2549 1227
242
948 160
-24-8
7501

305 t 166 428 230 354 223 650 649 251 143
-28-7 -16-7
2275 1578

Negro Institutions:
Albany State College, Albany............................ 101 The Fort Valley State College, Fort Valley........ ------
- - Georgia State College, Savannah........................ 256 Totals ............................................................ 407 COMBINED TOTALS .............................................. 9106

103
------
-26-9 473 9695

109
------
-33-5 508 10543

133
------
-34-3 54.8 11572

208
-52-3 8.24 12987

334 218
-56-6
1118 13663

241
306
-56-2
1109 13736

269 311
-51-0
1090
12845

192 304
-47-7 973 10052

TABLE III

CUMULATIVE AND SUMMl!R SCHOOL ENROLLMENT Years 1937-38, 1938-39, 1939-40, 1940-41, 1941-42

INSTITUTION

Senior Colleges

1937-38 1938-39 1939-40 1940-41 1941-42

The University of Georgia, Athens
Georgia School of Technology, Atlanta ____
University System
Center, Atlanta -----------University of Georgia
School of Medicine,
Augusta -----------------------Georgia State College for
Women, Milledgeville __ Georgia Teachers College,
Statesboro -------------------Georgia State W omans
College, Valdosta --------

5928 3049 1881
156 2561 1663
560

5475 3188 2048
163 2433 1371
506

6594 3433 2313
168 2533 1552
596

6124 3690 2927
179 2433 1307
476

5032 4813 2682
459 1903
731 480

Totals ---------------------- 15798 15184 17189 17136 16100

Junior Colleges
Georgia Southwestern College, Americus ________ 344
West Georgia College, Carrollton -------------------- 562
Middle Georgia College, Cochran ------------------------ 400
North Georgia College, Dahlonega -------------------- 698
South Georgia College, Douglas ------------------------ 350
Abraham Baldwin Agricultural _college, Tifton____ 411
Totals ---------------------- 2765

385 631 449 796 371 451 3083

398 712 463 855 350 447 3225

432 655 412 822 333 374 3028

426 713 470 1083 363 382 3437

Negro Colleges
Albany State College, Albany --------------------------
The Fort Valley State College, Fort Valley____
Georgia State College, Savannah --------------------

674 1145

Totals ----------------------
Division of General Extension, Atlanta______
Extension of Applied Science, Georgia School of Technology, Atlanta

1819 6470 1137

COMBINED TOTALS ______ 27989

617
886 1503 6441 1013 27224

1072 980 1195 3247
4764
1206 29631

900 1746 1237 3883
4280
1646 29973

735 1102 1169 3006
4183
2584 29310

122

Table IV shows the number of graduates for each unit. Enrollment tells only a part of the story while the number of degrees conferred annually indicates the extent of the sustamed interest. The figures below are the total number of graduates for the years 1938, 1939, 1940, 1941, and 1942, including summer school.

TABLE IV

NUMBER OF GRADUATES UNIVERSITY SYSTEM OF GEORGIA

INSTITUTIONS

1938

Senior Colleges
The University of Georgia, Athens ------------------------------------ 831
Georgia School of Technology, Atlanta ------------ 323
University System Evening College, Atlanta -------------------- 38
University of Georgia School of Medicine, Augusta ------------ 34
Georgia State College for Women, Milledgeville ------------ 282
Georgia Teachers College, Statesboro ------------------------------ 85
The Georgia State Womans College, Valdosta ------------------ 43

1939
963 350
52 31 336 96 39

1940
1051 407 69 32 460 84 32

Totals ~~~~----- -----------------------
Junior Colleges
Georgia Southwestern College, Americus ------------------
University System Junior College, Atlanta --------------------
West Georgia College, Carrollton ------------------------------
Middle Georgia College, Cochran ----------------------------------
North Georgia College, Dahlonega ------------------------------
South Georgia College, Douglas ----------------------------------
Abraham Baldwin Agricultural College, Tifton ----------------------

1636
101 13 72 85
120 71 72

1867
73 13 81 85 131 65 93

2135
97 19 106 90 157 87 93

Totals --------------------------------
Negro Colleges
Albany State College, Albany ----------------------------------
The Fort Valley State College, Fort Valley--------------
Georgia State College,
Savannah ------------------------------
Totals --------------------------------
COMBINED TOTALS ------------

534
74
61 135 2305

541
123 46 46
215 2623

649
89 57 64 210 2994

1941
1043 433 69 37 434 120 37 2173
86 31 104 101 164 72 96 654
115 24 92
231 3058

1942
1005 448 69 42 326 82 36 2008
75 35 92 79 173 51 59 564
91 39 98 228 2800

123

T&ble V shows the geographical distribution of the students in the

University System. It will be noted that the~e are students from each

county.



-

TABLE V

UNIVERSITY SYSTEM OF GEORGIA

Enrollment According to Counties-Fall Quarter, 1942

WHITE INSTITUTIONS

Name of County

NuJ1ll1e\" of Name of Students County

Number of Students

Appling ---------------------------------- 13 Atkinson -------------------------------- 14 Bacon ------------------------------------ 3 Baker ------------------------------------ 12 Baldwin -------------------------------- 83 Banks ------------------------------------ 9 Barrow ---------------------------------- 28 Bartow ---------------------------------- 35 Ben Hill -------------------------------- 33 Berrien ---------------------------------- 33 Bibb -------------------------------------- 174 Bleckley -------------------------------- 57 Brantley -------------------------------- 4 Brooks ---------------------------------- 41 Bryan ------------------------------------ 8 Bulloch ---------------------------------- 104 Burke ------------------------------------ 53 Butts -------------------------------------- 8 Calhoun -------------------------------- 22 Camden ---------------------------------- 7 Candler ---------------------------------- 19 Carroll ---------------------------------- 73 Catoosa ---------------------------------- 13 Charlton -------------------------------- 4 Chatham -------------------------------- 154 Chattahoochee ---------------------- 3 Chattooga --------------------------- 17 Cherokee -------------------------------- 29 Clarke ------------------------------------ 254 Clay -------------------------------------- 20 Clayton .-,------------------------------ 32 Clinch ------------------------------------ 12 Cobb-------------------------------------- 74 Coffee ------------------------------------ 61 Columbia ------------------------------ 17 Colquitt -------------------------------- 46 Cook-------------------------------------- 21 Coweta ---------------------------------- 40 Crawford ------------------------------ 5 Crisp -------------------------------------- 49 Dade-------------------------------------- 3 Dawson --------------------------------- 8 Decatur ---------------------------------- 26 J)~Kalb --------------------------------- 512 Dodge ------------------------------------ 30 Dooly ------------------------------------ 51 Dougherty --------------------------- 77 Douglas ---------------------------------- 11 Early -------------------------------------- 31

Echols ------------------------------------ 3 Effingham ------------------------------ 11 Elbert ------------------------------------ 54 Emanuel -------------------------------- 48 Evans ------------------------------------ 20
Fannin ---------------------------------- 13 Fayette ---------------------------------- 10 Floyd -------------------------------------- 66 Forsyth --------------------------------- 7 Franklin -------------------------------- 42 Fulton ------------------------------------1954
Gilmer ------------------------------------ 7 Glascock -------------------------------- 10 Glynn ------------------------------------ 29 Gordon ---------------------------------- 39 Grady ------------------------------------ 43 Greene ---------------------------------- 21 Gwinnett -------------------------------- 54
Habersham ---------------------------- 33 Hall ---------------------------------------- 73 Hancock -------------------------------- 24 Haralson -------------------------------- 14 HHaarrrtis__-_-__-_-_-_--:_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_--_-_-_-_ 2439
Heard ------------------------------------ 8 Henry ------------------------------------ 17 Houston -------------------------------- 19
Irwin -------------------------------------- 26
Jackson ---------------------------------- 44 Jasper ------------------------------------ 32 Jeff Davis ------------------------------ 21 Jefferson -------------------------------- 51 Jenkins ---------------------------------- 11 Jones-------------------------------------- 24 Johnson---------------------------------- 16
Lamar ------------------------------------ 22 Lanier ------------------------------------ 9 Laurens ---------------------------------- 65 Lee ---------------------------------------- 13 Liberty ---------------------------------- 6 Lincoln ---------------------------------- 8 Long -------------------------------------- 3 Lowndes -------------------------------- 120 Lumpkin -------------------------------- 41
McDuffie -------------------------------- 25 Mcintosh -------------------------------- 3

124

Name of County

Num.ber of Students

Macon ------------------------------------ 8'0 Madison -------------------------------- 31 Marion ---------------------------------- 9 Meriwether ---------------------------- 28 Miller ------------------------------------ 11 Mitchell ---------------------------------- 48 Monroe ---------------------------------- 11 Montgomery -------------------------- 15 Morgan ---------------------------------- 36 Murray ---------------------------------- 14 Muscogee ------------------------------ 117
Newton ---------------------------------- 36
Oconee ---------------------------------- 23 Oglethorpe ---------------------------- 25
Paulding -------------------------------- 14 Peach ------------------------------------ 34 Pickens ---------------------------------- 15 Pierce ------------------------------------ 13 Pike ---------------------------------------- 12 Polk ---------------------------------------- 33 Pulaski ---------------------------------- 24 Putnam ---------------------------------- 22
Quitman -------------------------------- 3
Rabun ------------------------------------ 19 Randolph ------------------------------ 20 Richmond ------------------------------ 141 Rockdale -------------------------------- 10
Schley ------------------------------------ 12 Screven ---------------------------------- 26 Seminole -------------------------------- 10 Spalding -------------------------------- 58 Stephens -------------------------------- 18

Name of County

Nuinber of Students

Stewart ---------------------------------- 14 Sumter ---------------------------------- 108
Talbot ------------------------------------ 7 Taliaferro ------------------------------ 13 Tattnall ----------'--------------------- 23 Taylor ------------------------------------ 13 Telfair ---------------------------------- 28 Terrell ---------------------------------- 33 Thomas ---------------------------------- 65 Tift ---------------------------------------- 65 Toombs ---------------------------------- 28 Towns ------------------------------------ 5 Treutlen -------------------------------- 19 Troup ------------------------------------ 48 Turner ---------------------------------- 28 Twiggs ---------------------------------- 9

Union ------------------------------------ 16 Upson ------------------------------------ 33
Walker ---------------------------------- 30 Walton ---------------------------------- 55 Ware -------------------------------------- 80 Warren ---------------------------------- 17 Washington -------------------------- 54 Wayne ------------------------------------ 35 Webster -------------------------------- 10 Wheeler -------------------------------- 14 White ------------------------------------ 10 Whitfield -------------------------------- 28 Wilcox ------------------------------------ 36 Wilkes ------------------------------------ 44 Wilkinson ------------------------------ 22 Worth ------------------------------------ 45

Total ----------------------------------7617

125

Table VI shows the distribution by counties of students in the Negro institutions of the Univ~rsity Syst!:.m. There are students from 112 counties.

TABLE VI UNIVERSITY SYSTEM OF GEORGIA Enrollment According to Counties-Fall Quarter, 1942

NEGRO INSTITUTIONS

Name of County

Number of Name of

Students

County

Number of Students

Appling -------------------- 2
Baker --------------------------- 6 Baldwin -------------------------------- 7 Banks ------------------------------- 1 Bartow -------------------------- 1 Ben Hill -------------------------- 7 Berrien ------------------------------- 9 Bibb ---------------------------------- 23 Brooks -------------------------- 15 Bulloch ---------------------------------- 5 Burke ------------------ 11
Calhoun ---------------------------- 12 Camden ------------------------------ 2 Candler --------------------------------- 3 Carroll ------------------------------ 4 Chatham ---------------------------- 148 Chattahoochee -------------------- 3 Clarke ---------------------------------- 9 Clay ---------------------------------------- 11 Clayton ------------------------------ 1 Coffee --------------------------------- 1 Columbia -------------------------- 1 Colquitt ------------------------------ 6 Cook ----------------------------------- 4 Coweta ---------------------------------- 13 Crisp ----------------------------------- 4
Decatur --------------------------------- 27 Dodge ---------------------------- 3 Dooly -------------------------------- 5 Dougherty ---------------------------- 42 Douglas --------------------------------- 1
Early ------------------------------------ 13 Elbert -------------------------------- 11 Emanuel -------------------------------- 9 Evans ---------------------------------- 2
Fayette ------------------------------- 2 Floyd ------------------------------------ 8 Franklin -------------------------------- 6 Fulton ------------------------------------ 12
Glynn -------------------------------- 11 Grady ----------------------------------- 11 Greene -------------------------------- 5
Habersham ----------------------- 1 Hall ------------------------------------ 3 Hancock ------------------------- 19 Haralson ----------------------------- 1

Hart -------------------------------------- 13 Heard ----------------------------------- 2 Henry ---------------------------------- 8 Houston -------------------------------- 7
Irwin ------------------------------------ 4
Jackson ---------------------------------- 2 Jasper ------------------------------------ 3 Jefferson -------------------------------- 6 Jenkins ---------------------------------- 6
Lamar ------------------------------------ 5 Laurens ------------------------------- 16 Lee ---------------------------------------- 2 Liberty -------------------------------- 4 Lowndes -------------------------------- 30
McDuffie -------------------------------- 2 Mcintosh -------------------------------- 4 Macon -------------------------------- 12 Marion ---------------------------------- 5 Meriwether --------------------------- 5 Miller --------------------------------- 3 Mitchell -------------------------------- 25 Monroe ---------------------------------- 6 Montgomery -------------------------- 2 Morgan ------------------------------- 2 Muscogee ----------------------------- 17
Newton -------------------------------- 3
Pickens --------------------------------- 43 Pierce ----------------------------------- 3 Pike ------------------------------------- 1 Polk ------------------------------------ 6 Pulaski ---------------------------------- 7 Putnam --------------------------------- 1
Randolph ------------------------------ 8 Richmond ------------------------------ 3 Rockdale -------------------------------- 1
Schley --------------------------------- 1 Screven --------------------------------- 7 Seminole -------------------------------- 8 Spalding ----------------------------- 6 Stephens ------------------------------ 4 Stewart ---------------------------------- 13 Sumter -------------------------------- 13
Talbot ---------------------------------- 1 Taliaferro --------------------------- 4

126

Name of County

Number of Students

Taylor ------------------------------------ .2 Telfair ---------------------------------- 8 Terrell ---------------------------------- 6 Thomas ---------------------------------- 12 Tift ---------------------------------------- 13 Toombs ---------------------------------- 2 Treutlen -------------------------------- 2 Troup ------------------------------------ 9 Turner ---------------------------------- 3 Twiggs ---------------------------------- 3
Upson ------------------------------------ 2
Walker ---------------------------------- 1

Name of County

Number of Students

Wa-se -------------------------------------- 13 Warren ---------------------------------- 4 Washington -------------------------- 5 Wayne ---------------------------------- 3 Webster -------------------------------- 1 Wheeler -------------------------------- 2
Whitfield -------------------------------- 1
Wilcox ------------------------------------ 5
Wilkinson ------------------------------ 4
Worth -------------------------------- 2

Total ----------------------------- 928

127

Table VII shows the distribution of out-of-state students by states and foreign countries in the wltite institutions of the University System, while Table VIII lists the number of out-of-state students enrolled in the Negro institutions of the University System.

TABLE VII

THE NUMBER AND GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF OUT-OF-STATE AND FOREIGN STUDENTS ENROLLED
IN UNIVERSITY SYSTEM

WHITE INSTITUTIONS

Alabama ---------------------------------- 85

Arizona ---------------------------------- 1

Arkansas -------------------------------- 18

California -------------------------------- 8

Colorado---------------------------------- 1

Connecticut ---------------------------- 28

Delaware -------------------------------- 2

Florida ------------------------------------ 292

Idaho -------------------------------------- 1

Illinois ------------------------------------ 21

KILooewuni~asui'-a-c-k-n-ya-----_--_--_--_--_--_--_--_--_--_--_--_-_--_---_--_--_--_--_-_--_---_-_-_----_--_--_--_--_-_--_-_--

4 1157

Maine -------------------------------------- 2 Maryland -------------------------------- 35
Massachusetts ------------------------ 27 Michigan -------------------------------- 6
_ : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : ir Minnesota -------------------------------- 1
~~::~~~}P_~
Nebraska -------------------------------- 1 New Hampshire________________________ 2
New Jersey ---------------------------- 70 New York-------------------------------- 173 North Carolina ---------------------- 62 Ohio ---------------------------------------- 29 Oklahoma -------------------------------- 8 Pennsylvania -------------------------- 50 Rhode Island -------------------------- 2 South Carolina ------------------------ 67

Tennessee -------------------------------- 116

Texas -------------------------------------- 18

Vermont ---------------------------------- 3

VW~irsgtinVia~rg--i-n--i--a---------------------------------------------------

37 26

Wisconsin -------------------------------- 11

Wyoming -------------------------------- 1 Argentina -------------------------------- 1

Aruba -------------------------------------- 1

Brazil -------------------------------------- 2

Canada ------------------------------------ 3

Costa Rica -----------------------------Cuba----------------------------------------

1 15

Czechoslovakia ------------------------ 1

District of Columbia_______________ _ 11

Germany ---------------------------------- 7

Greece ------------------------------------ 1

Hawaii ------------------------------------ 2

~~~k::as__ ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

1 1

Mexico ------------------------------------ 2 Panama ---------------------------------- 1

Peru ---------------------------------------- 2 Poland ------------------------------------ 2 Puerto Rico ---------------------------- 10

Syria ---------------------------------------- 1

Turkey ------------------------------------ 2

Total ------------------------------------1361

TABLE VIII

THE NUMBER AND GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF OUT-OF-STATE STUDENTS ENROLLED IN UNIVERSITY SYSTEM

NEGRO INSTITUTIONS

Alabama ---------------------------------- 5 Arkansas -------------------------------- 1 California -------------------------------- 1 Connecticut ---------------------------- 1 Florida ------------------------------------ 9 Louisiana -------------------------------- 3 Michigan -------------------------------- 1

New York-------------------------------- 1 North Carolina------------------------ 1 Ohio ---------------------------------------- 2 Pennsylvania -------------------------- 1 South Carolina ------------------------ 7
Total ------------------------------------ 33

128

TABLE IX

NUMBER OF OUT-OF-STATE STUDENTS ENROLLED IN THE vARIOUS UNITS OF THE
UNIVERSITY SYSTEM OF GEORGIA

Name of Institution

Out-of-State Students

*Albany State College, Albany__________ Georgia Southwestern College, Americus -------------------------------------The University of Georgia, Athens -----------------------------------------Georgia School of Technology, Atlanta ---------------------------------------University System Center, Atlanta ---------------------------------------University of Georgia School of Medicine, Augusta ---------------------West Georgia College, Carrollton -----------------------------------Middle Georgia College, Cochran ------------------------------------North Georgia College, Dahlonega --------------------------------South Georgia College, Douglas ----"----------------------------
*The Fort Valley State College, Fort Valley ----------------------------------
Georgia State College for Women, Milledgeville ------------------
*Georgia State College, Savannah --------------------------------------
Georgia Teachers College, Statesboro -------------------------------
Abraham Baldwin Agricultural College, Tifton ----------------------
Georgia State Womans College, Valdosta -------------------------

6 2 188 1045
1 3 17 2 8 15 19 3 2 16

Students from U. S. Possessions and Foreign Countries
13 36 13
4
1

Totals ----------------------- 1327

67

* Negro Institutions.

129

Table X shows the number of first honor graduates entering each unit in the University System.

TABLE X

FIRST HONOR HIGH SCHOOL GRADUATES ENTERING THE UNIVERSITY SYSTEM OF GEORGIA

NAME OF INSTITUTIONS:

Fall Quarters

Senior Institutions
University of Georgia, Athens ----------------------------
Georgia School of Technology, Atlanta _____ _
University System Center, Atlanta --------------------------
Univ. of Georgia School of Medicine, Augusta_____ _
Georgia State College for Women, Milledgeville ___ _
Georgia Teachers College, Statesboro ----------------------
Georgia State Womans College, Valdosta ----------

1937 1938 1939 1940 1941 1942

31 37 42 44 45 29

11 13 13 12 14 14

7

1

7

3

1

Three years of college work required

37 43 39 44 38 36

9 21 15 30 16

5

2 12 13 13 11

9

Totals

90 133 123 150 127 94

Junior Institutions

Georgia Southwestern

College, Americus ---------- 19 11 11 15 12

9

West Georgia College,

Carrollton ---------------------- 15 24 20 15 16 11

Middle Georgia College,

Cochran -------------------------- 10 11

5

9 11

9

North Georgia College,

Dahlonega ----------------------

9 19 17 13 18 19

South Georgia College,

Douglas --------------------------

2

3

7

8 10

8

Abraham Baldwin Agricul-

tural College, Tifton ------

3

15 22

6

5

Totals

58 68 75 82 73 61

Negro Institutions

Albany State College,

Albany ----------------------------

6

7

7

6

4

4

Fort Valley State College,

Fort Valley -------------------Georgia State College,

13 21 13

9

Savannah ------------------------

5

6

6

6 10

8

Totals -------------------- 11 13 26 33 27 21 Combined Totals ------------ 159 214 224 265 227 176

130

TABLE XI
RECORD OF STUDENTS ENTERING SENIOR COLLEGES, 1941

Record of students entering Senior Colleges in the Fall Term, 1941, from Junior Colleges in Georgia which are members of the Georgia Association of Jul!.ior Colleges, as reported by Georgia Senior Colleges,
members of the Association of Georgia Colleges.

JUNIOR COLLEGES:

Graduate Non-Graduate

Andrew ------------------------------------------------------

6

2

Armstrong Junior College ------------------------ 21

11

Augusta Junior College ---------------------------- 29

15

Abraham Baldwin Agricultural College.... 34

14

Brewton-Parker ---------------------------------------- 11

8

Emory Junior (Oxford) -------------------------- 26

31

EGmeoorrgyiaJuMniiolirtar(Vy alCdoosltlae)g--e--_-__-_-_-_-_-_-_-__-_-_-_-_-_-_-__-_-_-_-_-_-_-_

13 15

8 9

Georgia Southwestern College_________________ _ Gordon Junior College_____________________________ _

30 12

16 6

Junior College of Atlanta________________________ 15

14

MNoidrdmleanGJeuonrgioiar CCoolllleeggee._._._._-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_

23 8

17 4

North Georgia College______________________________ 57

36

Rabun Gap-Nacoochee ------------------------------

0

2

RSoeuinthharGdet orCgoiallegCe.o--l-l-e--g--e-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-__-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_ West Georgia College________________________________

4 16 20

1
9 17

Young Harris College________________________________ 19

3

Total
8 32 44 48 19 57 21 24 46 18 29 40 12 93
2 5 25 37 22

Totals

359

223

582

Number reported from Agnes Scott--7; Bessie Tift-3; Brenau-4;
Emory-103; Georgia State College for Women-50; Georgia State Womans College-6; Georgia School of Technology-63; Georgia Teachers College-23; LaGrange-1; Mercer University-43; Piedmont College13; Shorter-0; University of Georgia-263; Wesleyan-3.

TABLE XII NUMBER OF EMPLOYEES IN SYSTEM (Per Quarterly Report, June 30, 1943)

UNITS

Number

Senior Colleges:
The University of Georgia----------------------------------------------------------- 205 Georgia School of Technology______________________________________________________ 166 University of Georgia School of Medicine____________________________________ 48 Georgia State College for Women______________________________________________ 101
Georgia Teachers College----------------------------------------------------------- 33 Georgia State W omans College----------------------------------------------------- 33

Junior Colleges:
GWeeosrtgiGa eSoroguitahwCoellesgtee__r__n___C___o_l_l__e_g__e___-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_--_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_--_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_--_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_- 2304
Middle Georgia College.--------------------------------------------------------------- 23 NSoourtthh GGeeoorrggiiaa CCoollelglee_g_e__-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_--_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_--_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_- 3144 Abraham Baldwin Agricultural College________________________________________ 22

131

Experiment Stations: Georgia Experiment Station -------------------------------------------------------- 33 Georgia Coastal Plain Experiment- Station__________________________________ 11 Agricultural Extension ---------------------------------------------------------------- 3

Adult Education:
University System Center-------------------------------------------------------------- 38 Division of General Extension---------------------------------------------------- 6

Central Office

8

Negro Colleges:
Georgia State College-------------------------------------------------------------------- 39 Fort Valley State College-------------------------------------------------------------- 36 Albany State College-------------------------------------------------------------------- 24

931

132

The following table shows the effect of war and the loss of accredited standing on student attendance.
TABLE XIII LOSS OF ACCREDITED STANDING STATISTICS GATHERED BY THE DEAN OF FACULTIES

No. Men 1940

- University of Georgia__________________ Alabama Polytechnic Institute____
I. Duke UniversitY---------------------------I. Emory University -----------------------
University of Florida____________________ University of Kentucky________________
Louisiana State UniversitY---------Mercer University -----------------------U:niversity of Mississippi___ ___________ University of North Carolina______ University of South Carolina______ University of Texas______________________
VUannivdeerrsbitiylt o--f---V---i-r-g--i--n--i-a--_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_

2066 2986 2482 1336 3299 2470
5090 362
996 3467 1212 6943
1288 2830

Average ---------------------------------------
Difference ------------------- ~----------------

No. Men 1942
1287 2810 2153 1201 2597 1642 3696
294 723 2625 974 4796 1225 2004

Per Cent No. Women No. Women Per Cent

Change

1940

1942

Change

-38%
- 6% -13% -10% -21%
-33%
-27% -19% -27o/o
-24% -19%
-31%
- 5% -29% -20% -18%

1311 714
1121 75 0
1277 2702 104 419 631 674
3378 502 100

825 811 1248
63 0
1141 1999 172 414 709 679
3247 512 102

-37% + 12 o/o + 10% -16 o/o
0
-10% -26% + 39 o/o - 1%
+ 11% + .7%
- 4% + 2% +1.9% + 1% -38%

Total 1940
3377 3700 3613 1411 3299 3747 7792
466 1415 4098 1886 10,321 1790 2930

Total 1942
2112 3621 3401 1264 2597 2783 5695
466 1137 3334 1653 8043 1737 2106

Per Cent Change
_:_37 o/o
- 2% - 6o/o -'-10 o/o --'-21 o/o --t27 o/o -27%
0 -20% -19% -10% -22% - 3% -28% -16% -21%

\
The statistics in the preceding table were compiled by Dr. L. L. Hendren, Dean of Facult~e.s of the ll.niversity of Georgia. He gathered facts from fourteen institutions as to student attendance, and these facts clearly show that it was not war conditions but loss of accredited standing that caused such a heavy decrease in attendance both at the University and at all the units in the University System of Georgia.
Study the facts as set forth in this table and it will be seen that the war hurt student attendance in all the institutions, but that loss of accredited standing hurt student attendance even more than the war in the university and in the University System.
The University of Georgia lost 38 % of its men and 37% of its
women. At the University of Mississippi the decrease was 17% less than at Georgia; at the University of South Carolina 27% less; at Duke, 31% less; at Auburn 35% less than at Georgia. The facts as set forth in Table XIII answer conclusively the critics who have repeatedly stated that it makes little or no difference as to whether the University System is accredited or not.
I have in my office the annual reports of the heads of all the units in the University System of Georgia. For brevity I am quoting from only two-the President of the Georgia State Womans College and the President of the University of Georgia--on the question of student attendance.
President Frank R. Reade of the Georgia State W omans College, Valdosta, made a careful check-up on the 150 girls who did not return in September, 1942. Here are the results: "12 are teaching; 15 are training to become nurses; 32 are employed in business organizations; 4 3 transferred to other colleges; 14 married; 17 could not return because of low scholarship; and 17 are not accounted for.
"Several years ago when I made a check-up on 72 girls who did not return, I found, as I remember it, not more than six or eight who had transferred to other institutions, most of these going to the University of Georgia to major in Home Economics. It seems probable, therefore, that political troubles had a very serious effect on our enrollment.
"Further, our transfers in the past have almost all gone to the University of Georgia or to the Georgia State College for Women. This year, however, our former students have also transferred to Shorter, Mercer, Furman, Tallahassee, Peabody, Auburn, Harding, L. S. U., Oglethorpe, Agnes Scott, University of North Carolina, N. Y. U., University of Pittsburgh, Bessie Tift, Wesleyan, Virginia Intermont, and Stetson.
134

"Eleven of the institutions to which the girls transferred were out-of-state colleges and universities, and 17 students transferred to institutions not in the U nivefsity Systeftl."
Here is what President Harmon Caldwell of the University of Georgia has to say in his annual report to the Chancellor:
"The year that has just closed has been an unusual one in several respects. During this period the University lost its membership in various educational and accrediting associations. The chain of events leading to this loss of membership and the consequences following that loss became topics of state-wide discussion and controversy. The period has also been marked by a readjustment of the program of the University to conditions created by a world-wide war.
"In my annual report of the University for 1940-41, I pointed out that the University suffered considerable embarrassment as a result of the procedure followed by the Board of Regents in dismissing Dean Walter D. Cocking of the College of Education. This incident resulted in disciplinary action by the Southern Association of Colleges and Secondary Schools and other standardizing agencies.
"As a result of the uncertainties with which the University was faced, several faculty members resigned to accept positions in other institutions. The uncertain status of the University was undoubtedly responsible for a portion of the loss that the University suffered in its student enrollment. The consequences of the University's loss of accredited standing in the educational world were serious and far-reaching. It is gratifying, however, to observe the manner in which the great majority of the members of the faculty and student body have rallied to the support of the University in its hour of difficulty.
"A problem equally as serious for the University as that just mentioned arises from the conditions created by war. Many young men have volunteered for service in the armed forces or have been drafted for such service. Other men students and many women students have gone into various types of war work. The University student enrollment has necessarily declined drastically.
"The enrollment for the summer quarter of 1941 was somewhat smaller than the enrollment for the summer of the preceding year. The registration for the first term of the summer quarter of 1941 was 1,518 as compared with 1,628 for the first term of the summer quarter of 1940. Registration for the second term was 1,086 as compared with 1,278 for the second term of the summer quarter of 1940.
135

"The enrollment of all schools and colleges in the University was smaller during the 1-941-42 seiSion than in the 1940-41 session. The heaviest decreases were in the Schools of Journalism and Forestry. The total enrollment of students during the regular session of 194142 was 3,151 as compared with 3,631 for the preceding year. Th1s represents a decrease of 480 students or 13.22 per cent. It is interesting to observe that the enrollment of men was 341 smaller than in the preceding year, while the enrollment of women was off only 139. This tends to indicate that the entrance of men into the armed forces was the chief reason for the decrease.
"During the 1941-42 session there were 207 fewer admissions to the University by high school certificates than there were during the preceding year. Admissions to advanced standing were 183 less than during the 1940-41 session."
NEW BOARD OF REGENTS
It is gratifying to record that Governor Ellis Arnall appointed a new Board of Regents of fifteen able, worthy, competent citizens-a magnificent body of men with ability and character vitally interested in the educational progress and welfare of the state.
With the appointment of this board, the Southern Association of Colleges and Secondary Schools took the following action as expressed in this letter from President G. D. Humphrey:
MISSISSIPPI STATE COLLEGE G. D. HUMPHREY, President
State College, Mississippi, February 3, 1943.
Chancellor S. V. Sanford University System of Georgia State Capitol Atlanta, Georgia
DEAR CHANCELLOR SANFORD:
On Saturday I wired you as follows:
"Your letter received. Upon receiving notification from Harris that Council Higher Commission unanimously recommended restoration Georgia institutions higher education to membership Southern Association retroactive September first, polled Executive Committee by wire. Their vote is that Georgia institutions be restored to full membership as of September first. Congratulations. It seems inadvisable because of distance and transporta-
136

tion difficulties for Executive Committee hold meeting Atlanta. I could be present representing Southern Association if you want someone go to Atlanta to announce decision or for any ceremony you might have. Am .sending ,cqpy this telegram to Governor and Smith."
This letter is sent to you for your official record, confirming my telegram of January 30 with regard to the action of the Executive Committee of the Southern Association of Colleges and Secondary Schools which restored the University System of Georgia to full membership in the Southern Association, retroactive to September 1, 1942.

Sincerely yours,

GDH:TW

0. 0. HUMPHREY Is/

Similar action has been taken by other standardizing agencies and soon all the units of the University System that were dropped will be restored. The Law School and the Medical School have been removed from the probationary list. The dark days are over and the bright ones are with us again.

137

FORWARD GEORGIA
I am confident that one of the-most valuable contributions made by the University System of Georgia to the people of the state is the program over WSB of the Atlanta Journal every Saturday afternoon at 1:00 (C.W.T.)-a program known as Forward Georgia. The time is given by WSB as a public service-a free contribution.
The many letters received and the many excerpts carried in the press will convince anyone that the program is of vital importance to the citizens, particularly the farmers, and a worthwhile contribution of the system. This service is greatly valued and appreciated by thousands of our citizens.
All the talks made over WSB on the Forward Georgia program are carefully prepared by the faculties of the University System. These papers must not only be accurate but written in a style suitable to a radio audience. From these papers pertinent excerpts are taken and sent to the daily and weekly press.
To broadcast these talks over WSB each Saturday, valuable as they are, and as much as we appreciate the cooperation of the Atlanta Journal, requires much time, study, and personal sacrifice on the part of the faculties. Mr. L. R. Siebert is directly responsible for these programs. To him the credit is due. To this phase of our work he gives time, thought, and effort. As a matter of fact, all of us take pride in the radio program, for we are conscious that we are serving a large number of our people in a practical and useful way-those not in the classroom or in the laboratories, but those in the homes, in the :fields, and elsewhere.
The following are given merely to indicate the type of programs broadcast from week to week:

1942

January 31 February 21 March 14
March28 April18

H. L. Cochran, Georgia Experiment Station. "The Home Vegetable Garden." J. C. Bell, College of Agriculture, University of Georgia. "The Amateur Poultry Producer." H. B. Henderson, College of Agriculture,
University of Georgia. "Georgia's Dairy Industry and Its Potential Possibilities." S. V. Stacy, Georgia Experiment Station. "Cotton and Its Future Outlook." G. Lombard Kelly, Dean, University of Georgia School of
Medicine. "Health Problems in Georgia."
138

April25

W. Vernon Skiles, Georgia School of Technology.

"Georgia Tech in National Defense."

May 9

Harold D. White, College of Agriculture, University of Georgia.
"Increasing FarniincomeWI~h Modern Farm Practices."

May 16

T. L. Bissell, Georgia Experiment Station. "Control of Insect Pests-Fifth Column in Victory Gardens."

June 13

Miss Katherine Lanier, Agricultural Extension Service. "Preserving and Canning Georgia Foods."

June 20

Otis Copeland, Agricultural Extension Service. "Agricultural Tips to Georgia Farmers."

June 27

Miss Mary Speirs and K. T. Holley, Georgia Experiment Station.
"Utilization of Georgia Peaches."

July 11

S. H. Starr, Director, Georgia Coastal Plain Experiment Station.
"Influence of the War on Tobacco Research and Production."

July 18 July 25

T. M. Cordell, Abraham Baldwin Agricultural College. "Short Courses for Georgia Farmers." Arthur Gannon, Agricultural Extension Service. "Poultry Tips."

September 12 Paul W. Chapman, Dean, College of Agriculture, University of Georgia.
"The National Food Situation and Georgia's Farm Program."

September 19 W. S. Rice, Agricultural Extension Service. "Sheep and What They Offer Georgia Farmers."

October 3

J. C. Bell, College of Agriculture, University of Georgia.
"Finishing Poultry for Market."

October 17 J. G. Woodroof, Georgia Experiment Station. "Food Processing for War Needs."

November 7 W. A. Sutton, Agricultural Extension Service. "Four-H Club Work in Georgia."

November 21 Miss Lurline Collier, Agricultural Extension Service.

"Preparing a Georgia Products Dinner for Thanksgiving."

GIFTS
The Un,iversity of Geor:gia:
The General Education Board made the following grants: A grant of $25,000 for the purpose of completing the recataloguing of the books and materials in the University libraries. A grant of $12,000 for the purpose of financing research projects in the Department of Plant Pathology and Plant Breeding. Both of these grants run over a period of two years beginning July 1, 1943.
During the past year Mrs. Clarinda P. Lamar left to the University under her will the sum of $25,000 to be used for student scholarships. Mrs. Lamar also left to the University a collection of books.
Mr. Cason Callaway during the past year gave to the University $5,000 to assist in the building of a meat curing plant.
The Tennessee Valley Authority gave $1,000 and a quantity of fertilizer to carry on a pasture improvement project on the Whitehall farm.
Sears, Roebuck & Company gave $1,900 to be used for scholarships for students in the College of Agriculture.
Miss Elizabeth Mabel Cloud left to the University under her will ten $1,000 bonds of the Seaboard Air Line Railway.
Mrs. Elizabeth M. Bullard left to the University under her will $5,000 in bonds at face value.
Mr. Leo I. Meinhard gave to the University $1,000 with the stipulation that the income from the fund be used to provide prizes for outstanding students in the Law School. This fund was established in memory of the donor's father, Mr. Isaac Meinhard.
Dr. Craig Barrow donated $50 for promoting the activities of the Division of Fine Arts.
Mr. J. J. Willingham gave the University $50 to be used in such a way as the University saw fit. This money was placed to the credit of the University of Georgia Foundation.
Mr. Hatton Lovejoy gave $25 for the use of the Art Department.
Mr. Telamon Cuyler gave to the University 6,000 historical manuscripts.
The Georgia Society of the Daughters of the American Colonists placed on the University campus a marker to honor the memory of Abraham Baldwin.
The Atlanta Historical Society erected a marker indicating that certain yew trees growing on the campus came from the home of James Edward Oglethorpe in England.
Mrs. Alexander C. King gave two priceless Napoleonic vases to be placed in the Alexander Campbell King Memorial Library in the Law School.
Various books have been given to the University Library. These gifts are listed in the report of the Director of Libraries.
During the year alumni have given the University Foundation sums aggregating approximately $6,000.
The Georgia Farm School & Resettlement gave $250 toward the salary of Sigmund Cohn and $500 to the Emergency Committee to Aid Displaced Professors.
The Carnegie Foundation contributed $1,500 to Jean Charlot's salary.
The Oberlander Trust of Philadelphia gave to the University $640 as a contribution toward Rudolph Kratina's salary.
Mr. Edward S. Shorter, Columbus, Georgia, contributed $250 toward the purchase of a Carnegie Art Set.
For research on the fertilization of legumes with potash in field, plot, and laboratory work, the American Potash Institute contributed $1,000.
140

The Albert Dickerson Company, Chicago, Illinois, contributed $50 for research on the study of different commercinl inoculants under plot and field conditions.
The American Cyanamide & Chemfcar Company gave $400 for field research on the utilization of nitrogen.
The Organic Nitrogen Company gave $208.71 for field work on the use of organic nitrogen as a source of fertilizer.
As a contribution to support the work that Miss Josephine Wilkins is doing in the interest of the Citizens Fact Finding Movement of Georgia, the William C. Whitney Foundation contributed $1,200.
The Committee on Scientific Aids to Learning contributed $5,000 to carry on this project in Georgia.
The Chicopee Manufacturing Company of Gainesville, Georgia, gave to the University $1,000 for the purpose of supporting the work of the Institute for the Study of Georgia Problems.
Mr. Harrison Jones of Atlanta gave $750 to erect a Memorial Gateway on the campus.
S. B. Pennick & Company, New York City, contributed $402.20 for the study of growing herbs for medicinal purposes.
The Georgia School of Technology:
Endowment fund of $9,604.58 received from the Josephine L. Cloudman Estate.
Donation of $15,000 provided for in the will of Mrs. Joseph R. Lamar for the continuation of "The Philip R. Lamar Research Professorship in Cotton Seed Products".
Gift of $100 to the Student Loan Fund from Robert & Company Foundation.
Mr. B. E. Willingham, Sr., Macon, Georgia, donated $1,000 for Textile School.
Univer-sity of Georgia School of Medicine:
For research under Dr. R. B. Greenblatt, a total of $6,351.94 was contributed by the following: Armour & Company, $350; Ayerst, McKenna & Harrison, $300; Ciba Pharmaceutical Products, Inc., $900; National Research Council, $3,201.94;; G. D. Searle & Company, $500; Schering Corportaion, $500; Sharp & Dohme, Inc., $500; Van Pelt & Brown, Inc., $100.
The John and Mary R. Markle Foundation, $5,000 grant for research under direction of Dr. V. P. Sydenstricker.
American Medical Association, $125 grant for research under direction of Dr. W. F. Hamilton.
Burroughs Wellcome & Company, $350 grant made to Drs. Woodbury, Torpin, and Abreu for human uterine studies with stilbestrol.
For research in nutritional diseases under Dr. V. P. Sydenstricker, a total of $7,000 was contributed by the following: Merck & Company, $5,000; Swift & Company, $2,000.
An account book of Dr. W. B. Freeman (1822-23), Carnesville, Georgia, was presented to Dr. Joseph Krafka, Department of Microscopic Anatomy, by A. A. Rogers, Jr., a medical student.
Georgia State College for Women:
Two mirrors, valued at $175 each, were donated for the mansion by Mr. Frank E. Bone of Milledgeville and Mrs. R. G. Hunt of Griffin.
141

Georgia State Womans College:
$1,000 donated for sc~olarship l2,an fund.
West Georgia College:
Rosenwald Foundation, $24,000; George B. Whiteside Templar Memorial Fund of Knights Templar Educational Foundation of Georgia, Inc., $1,000.
Georgia Teachers College:
Donation of $50 annually by Mrs. Ida Hilton Seymour of Savannah as prizes for essays for the promotion of good government in Georgia.
The Fort Valley State College:
Gift of books valued at $1,000 from the Carnegie Corporation of New York.
Julius Rosenwald Fund maintenance grant of $33,500.
Georgia State College:
Scholarships in the amount of $1,160, donated as follows: Association for the Advancement of Negro Country Life, $200; Sigma Gamma Rho Sorority Scholarship, $50; Delta Sigma Theta Sorority Scholarship, $50; Sears, Roebuck & Company Scholarship, $800; Georgia State College Alumni Association, $60.
142

DEATHS
University of Georgia:
R. E. Park, Head of Department of English; born, December 11, 1868; died, June 28, 1942. Served at the University 42 years.
Georgia School of Technology:
John Bascom Crenshaw, Professor and Head of Department of Modern Languages; born, June 12, 1861; died, July 18, 1942. Came to Georgia Tech in September, 1904. He also served as Athletic Director from October, 1917, to May, 1933.
Georgia State College for Women:
L. S. Fowler, Bursar and Treasurer; born, October 24, 1879; died, March 4, 1942. Served the college for 33 years.
University System Center:
H. 0. Burgess, part-time teacher of psychology; born, May 5, 1896; died, February, 1943. Served the University System Center three years.
Middle Georgia College:
W. C. Dean, Instructor in Music and Bandmaster; born in 1889; died, February, 1943. Came to Middle Georgia College September, 1941.
Georgia Coastal Plain Experiment Station:
Silas H. Starr, Director; born, April 3, 1888; died, November 6, 1942. Came to the Experiment Station in 1919.
143

COOPERATIVE EXTENSION WORK IN SOIL CONSERVATION 1942
DEAR CHANCELLOR SANFORD:
During 1942 land owners in five additional counties in Georgia voted to have their lands included in Soil Conservation Districts, making a total of 114 counties and a portion of one other county in Districts of approximately 25.233,638 acres.
The Soil Conservation Districts through the assistance of the Soil Conservation Service, Extension, and other agricultural agencies have prepared with the farmers over 12,000 complete conservation farm plans to date. The farmers on these 1,200 farms, with technical assistance from the Soil Conservation Districts, have established Conservation practices such as meadow strips for drainageways, grass plantings, rotations, strip cropping, terracing, woody planting and improvement, pasture improvement, and Kudzu plantings on 596,114 acres. In addition to maintaining the fertility of the soil and controlling erosion, one of the foremost objectives has been the production of food, feed, and fibre to meet the war demands.
In order to assist in carrying out and getting the program to function, the Extension Service cooperated with other agencies and the Districts in the following activities.
There were held 32 training meetings for AAA Committeemen with an attendance of 1.074. There were held nine field meetings on Grant of Aid Terracing, under the AAA program, with an attendance of 69; also a number of field contracts were made in reference to this program.
To assist County Agents eleven training meetings were held with an attendance of 15 5. In addition to this, County Agents were contacted in their counties 75 times.
In working with Soil Conservation Service, four of their personnel training meetings were attended and thirty of their technicians were contacted in their respective counties.
In counties outside of Districts, Soil Conservation Demonstrations were set up in 4 3 counties and 40 field contacts were made with County Agents to help with these demonstrations. Through a working agreement of the Extension Service and the Soil Conservation Service there were set up in each of these counties two to four
144

farms for demonstration purposes. The Extension Service selected the farms in strategic positions and assisted the Soil Conservation Service in planning the farms'and estabnshing Conservation practices so as to serve as demonstrations throughout the county and increase the interest in soil conservation in these counties outside of the Districts.
Respectfully submitted, J. M. JORDAN,
Extension Conservationist.
145

TRADE SCHOOLS
Education, like business, will-do well today to take these questions of Stevenson to heart: "What was best yesterday, is it still the best in this changed theatre of a tomorrow? Will your own past truly guide you in your own violent and unexpected future?" Without the influence of a reconstituted education the way to change in the ideals of men will be hard to find.
Preparation for life must include preparation for making a living, for without this capacity, self-respect ceases. More and more the people are beginning to demand that schools shall be miniature copies of the world. A recent writer in the Educational Supplement of Time says that the tragedy of undeveloped talent is being seen more and more to be a gigantic waste of potentiality unpardonable cruelty. The loss to the community by this waste is colossal; and it is not too much to say that the output of men could be multiplied beyond conception.
We should be concerned with that type of education which will promote the welfare of the teachers and the workers in industry and in every community. Our objective should be to send forth from our system girls and boys that will be in sympathy with the work they have to do, that they will be privileged to do, and to send them forth equipped for it. This means that technical and vocational training on the college level should hold a permanent, and not a sudsidary place in the educational program.
What was good for boys and girls at the close of World War I is in large measure out of date today. The curricula for our boys and girls must be so widened as to be intimately related to all the problems of today. The content of the curriculum should be such as to make boys and girls social minded. Today students come from homes of various backgrounds and diversified interests; from the tenant farmer, from the share-cropper, from the day laborer, from the small merchant, and from men of means. This was not the case two decades ago.
It is a well recognized fact in this world crisis that there is a growing recognition of the necessity, particularly in rural states, of having trade schools that will serve larger units than the existing school districts. Trade schools in small communities have to make a choice between offering a limited range of industrial training or facing prohibitive per capita costs for those who are trained. The result is a trend toward the establishment of trade schools that will serve relatively large areas.
146

I am convinced that we have too many teacher training institutions in the University System, and the time has now come to change some of our units intotrade sch~ols (low level) and technical engineering schools (college level) .
In discussing this phase of the future development of the University System of Georgia with Dr. George A. Works of the University of Chicago who made the first survey of the state-supported institutions of higher learning in Georgia and who is now making a second survey, he called my attention to the following facts for careful consideration:
I. Careful selection should be made of the trades that are to be offered in the school. They should be a reflection of the trade and industrial opportunities that are to be found in the state. It is a mistake to train young persons for jobs that do not exist in the area in which they live.
2. The school should have great flexibility in the length of the courses offered. Some trades will not call for more than five or six weeks of preparation, while others may require several years. It is to be expected that a school will give a wider range of basic training than would be possible for a person who comes up through the industry itself. This should not mean, though, that students will be kept in schools longer than is actually necessary.
3. A school cannot economically give the complete training for a trade, but it will instead attack the problem of preparing the trainee for an apprenticeship. This means that the student will begin his work in industry as an advanced learner rather than as an experi~ enced worker. This makes it necessary that the institution have connections with industry so that its students may continue and extend their training on the job. If the institution can furnish some supervision of this experience, especially in the initial stages, so much the better.
4. It is of fundamental importance that the teachers in a trade school be thoroughly skilled in the trades which they teach. This means that the emphasis placed on degrees by the more academic type of institution has little place in a trade school. The members of the staff should be selected with an eye to their proficiency in the trades they are to teach.
At the proper time, I shall recommend that one or more of our junior colleges be changed into four~year junior college-the last two years of the high school and the first two years of the college
147

course-trade or technical junior college. At the satisfactory conclusion of the first two years the student will be granted his high school certificate or diploma and at-the satisfactory completion of the junior college he will be given a certificate of completion of two years of technical work, a certificate that will admit the student into the senior division of the Georgia School of Technology, and other similar schools of engineering.
"When the war ends, we shall probably face the most fateful decision in our history as a nation: whether to withdraw into some sort of political and economic quarantine and try to preserve the remnant of our former wealth, seeking to remain an island of plenty in the midst of an ocean of want and of woe; or whether we shall resolutely underwrite a great program of world rehabilitation. The choice we make will have vast and lasting consequences. In one case we have to look forward only to an increasing economic paralysis; in the other case, we may convert our hoard of gold into an international money and credit base, and our war expansion of industry into a supply base for world needs which will open up possibilities of the greatest significance to a whole generation of American youth.
"You will recall that Great Britain came out of the Napoleonic wars in a state of prostration, deeply in debt, her economic resources greatly shrunken, her trade structure badly shattered. Her streets were thronged with demobilized soldiers and sailors for whom there was no employment. With hunger and disorganization hanging over the whole nation, the outlook was indeed dark. Yet within twenty years Great Britain had become the richest, most powerful and'*most prosperous nation the world had ever known.
"How had that miracle been wrought? By taxing capital out of existence? By turning the population into wards of a paternal state? By converting what had been a citadel of private enterprise into a Bolshevik collective? Not at all. The miracle had been wrought by the creation of wealth which had never before existed, the fruits of British science, invention and enterprise-wealth in such volume as to dwarf into insignificance the debt under which the nation might have been prostrated.
"As I view the post-war possibilities of America, that is the most inspiring example in human history. The hope of a bright new world will depend upon our expansion of wealth-creating activities and upon our serving the wealth-creating interests of the rest of the world to a degree that will make possible the full
148

utilization of this vastly augmented production potential. measured in plant, manpower, and industrial technique, we have built up in order to win the war. Only in the acceptance of that destiny do I see hope of a bright new world, but in that hope I see the possibilities of growth and development for technological education which would be deeply meaningful for us all."
149

PROPOSED STATE INDUSTRIAL ECONOMIC RESEARCif AGENCY
It is evident from the many articles in the press and at meetings of industrialists that there is an urgent demand for the establishment of a state industrial economic research agency. By request, Gerald A. Rosselot, Director, State Engineering Experiment Station, and H. E. Dennison, Head of the Department of Industrial Management, of the Georgia School of Technology, prepared the following proposal concerning the establishment of a state industrial economic research agency at the State Engineering Experiment Station, Georgia School of Technology:
ABSTRACT
It is proposed that the Board of Regents of the University System of Georgia establish and support an Industrial Economic Research Agency at the State Engineering Experiment Station. The proposed function of the agency shall be, under the technical direction of the Department of Industrial Management of the Georgia School of Technology, to study adequately and provide the necessary information for the proper direction of the rapidly changing economic pattern of Georgia and the South.
An increase in the Engineering Experiment Station budget of $15,000 per year is requested to implement the establishment and maintenance of the permanent basic directional and research staff of the Agency.
Introduction
In the State of Georgia and the South there exists the very pertinent problem of the proper present and future utilization of the state's natural and human resources for the permanent improvement of its economic position relative to that of the nation and the world. The arrival at a satisfactory solution to this problem can be achieved only after a careful scientific study has been made of the resources and the industrial and manufacturing possibilities of the state. It is to be presently proposed that an agency be established to make these studies.
One of the principal aspects of the problem lies in the fact that though Georgians buy and use many types of finished articles, only a few of these are produced within the state while many are actually produced from raw materials shipped out of Georgia for processing.
150

This production routine is bringing about disastrous results in that not only is it draining the state of its natural resources, but it is confining Georgians to the activity otproducing and shipping raw materials, which is the type of employment paying the very lowest wages. A study should thus determine what products are consumed in Georgia, where these articles are now produced and to what extent they might be advantageously produced in Georgia.
The present rapid influx of war industries into the South is presenting a serious problem in the selection of new industries while maintaining a reasonable balance in industry types. Were sufficiently accurate economic data available on the industrial and manufacturing possibilities of Georgia, a proper selection of industry types could be more readily made.
As soon as the war is over there will be a return to civil life and to the ordinary routine of peace-time living of a host of warplant workers with newly acquired industrial skills. These workers will be prepared to perform in Georgia industrial enterprises provided the proper industries have been or will be established.
Not only will there be available a supply of skilled workers for the establishment of peace-time industry, but there will have been developed a large and very important pool of industrial and management experience. With sufficient economic information at hand it should be possible to select suitable industry types for a better balanced economy.
The daily change in local and world conditions means that there must be readily available up-to-the-minute information on the state's economy, industry, and industry possibilities, so that correct industry decisions can be made. A specific example may be cited. In view of the immediate wide expansion of airplane cargo service, much of which will be with countries generally to the south, Georgia becomes a logical year-round "landing field" for such operations. Incoming planes will be carrying raw materials for processing in this country. Outgoing planes will be carrying mainly finished goods produced in this country. Many of these raw materials should logically be processed into finished goods right here in the state rather than transhipped to other points in the country for final processing and then flown back through Georgia's "Gateway to the World." Complete information concerning this future commerce is now vitally needed.
Proposal
In order to make it possible to arrive at a correct solution of
151

the general problem previously presented, it is proposed that the Board of Regents of the .Universjt"l'. System of Georgia establish and support an agency at the State Engineering Experiment Station. This agency, under the technical direction of the Georgia School of Technology's Department of Industrial Management, should be charged with the specific responsibility of scientifically locating and making generally available pertinent statistical information concerning the resources, industrial activities, and industrial possibilities of Georgia.
The work of the agency should fall in the following general categories: First: The finding and compiling in usable form of all basic economic data which might concern the state. Second: The submission of all data to sound statistical analysis to make it possible to determine the best possible economic pattern for Georgia and whether or not specific industrial ventures will fit that pattern. Third: The making of findings available to the proper agencies and indiv:iduals to ajd in the best possible economic development of the state. This would involve the dissemination of information through the regular publication of an Experiment Station Bulletin, the publication of specific Industry Prospectuses, and the operation of an economic information service.
A basic directional and research staff, with necessary equipment, should be set up immediately to begin the work of gathering basic economic data. A total of $1 5, 000 a year should be available to maintain the basic program. A portion of this sum would be budgeted to cover the salaries of the full-time project director, statistical technician, tabulating machine technician, and secretary. The balance would be allocated to tabulating machine rentals, supplies, part-time research and clerical assistance, traveL and reserve.
A well-rounded and adequate program would eventually involve a considerably larger program. These additional funds should become available from outstanding leaders and agencies of the state and the nation as soon as the basic program becomes soundly productive. Great interest is already being shown in the possibilities of this type of work, and full cooperation has been promised by those interested.
152

CONCLUSION
In presenting this report, I am. i~pressed with the magnitude and importance of the work of the University System. To the Governor, the members of the General Assembly, the Regents, the Presidents, Faculties, to the Central Office Force, and the host of friends of education, I desire to express deep appreciation and gratitude.
Respectfully submitted, S. V. SANFORD, Chancellor.
153