Annual report for the year 1934 from the regents of the University System of Georgia to his excellency honorable Eugene Talmadge governor [Dec. 19, 1934]

ANNUAL REPORT
FOR THE YEAR
1 934
FROM THE
R EGENTS OF THE
UNIVERSITY SYSTEM OF GEORGIA
TO HIS EXCELLENCY
HON. EUGENE TALMADGE
Governor

TO His Excellency Honorable Eugene Talmadge, Governor of Georgia, State Capitol, Atlanta, Georgia.

Atlanta, Georgia, December 19, 1934.

Dear Governor Talmadge:

The Regents of the University System of Georgia submit to you herewith their third annual report, pursuant to the provisions of Section 60 of the Reorganization Act.

The personnel of the Board as now constituted is as follows:

DISTRICT

REGENTS

ADDRESS

St. at Large______MARION SMITH, Chrmn. __________________________Atlanta.

Concurrent with term of Governor Ex-Off.________________EuGENE TALMADGE__________________________________Atlanta.

Ex-officio during term as Governor.
lst.____,,______________s, H. MoRGAN....--------------------------------------Guyton.
July 1, 1933-July 1, 1939. 2nd______________________WM. J. VEREEN _______________________________________Moultrie.

Jan. 1, 1932-July 1, 1935. 3rd..____________________GEo. C. WooDRUFF_________________________________Columbus.

Jan. 1, 1932-July 1, 1937. 4th..____________________CASON J. CALLAwAy L ________________________________ aGrange.

Jan. 1, 1932-July 1, 1935. 5th______________________CLARK HowELL, JR. _____________________________Atlanta.

Feb. 7, 1934-July 1, 1937. 6th___________________...W. ELLIOTT DUNWODY, JR. __________________Macon.

June 8, 1932-July l, 1935. 7th_.____________________E. S. AuLT________________________________________________Cedartown.

Sept. 26, 1932-July l, 1935. 8th______________________M. D. DICKERSON __________________________________Douglas.

Jan. 1, 1932-July l, 1937. 9th______________________SANDY BEAVER, Vice Chrmn. ________________Gainesville.

July 1, 1933-July 1, 1939. 10th.___________________R. P. BuRSON__________________________________________Monroe.

April13, 1933-July 1, 1937.

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CHANCELLOR-PHILIP WELTNERJ"
SECRETARY-L. R. SIEBERT.
The officers of the Board are: Chancellor, Philip Weltner, Atlanta; Chancellor Emeritus, Charles M. Snelling, Athens; Chairman, Marion Smith, Atlanta; Vice-Chairman, Cason J. Callaway, LaGrange; Secretary, L. R. Siebert, Atlanta.
On April5, 1934 the sudden death of Mr. Izzie Bashinski, of Dublin, deprived the Board of his services as Secretary-Treasurer. While he had only held the position for a few months he had nevertheless demonstrated his great capacity to render service in this position. His death was a distinct loss.
Mr. Bashinski was succeeded by Mr. Andrew J. Kingery, of Summit, who held the position until September 22, 1934, when he resigned to the Board. We accepted Mr. Kingery's resignation with regret and express here our appreciation for the services which he rendered.
Mr. L. R. Siebert was elected Secretary, and is now filling that position. Mr. Siebert was a member of the faculty of the Georgia School of Technology occupying the position of associate professor in the DepartmentofEconomics, and Social Science and had been a member of the faculty of that institution for twelve years.
COMMITTEES.
The standing committees of the Board through which it functions when not in session are:
COMMITTEE ON EDUCATION: SANDY BEAVER, Gainesville, Chairman.
COMMITTEE ON ORGANIZATION AND LAW: E. S. AuLT, Cedartown, Chairman.
COMMITTEE ON FINANCE: S. H. MoRGAN, Guyton, Chairman.
COMMITTEE ON VISITATION: S. H. MoRGAN, Guyton, Chairman.
Another Committee of great importance at the present time has been specially constituted to act for the Board in connection with the building program being undertaken as a result of the P\VA loan which is now in process of being completed. This Building Committee, which has immediate charge of the building program for the Board, is composed as follows:
CLARK HowELL, JR., Atlanta, Chairman. SANDY BEAVER, Gainesville, GEORGE WooDRUFF, Columbus.
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UNITS IN SYSTEM
As reported to you in the last annual report, after the reorganization of the University System following the survey report which had been made to the Board of Regents, the System now consists of seventeen (17) institutions, co-ordinated in that part of the educational work of the State which is com-
mitted to the administration of the Regents. These seventeen institutions are:
1. The University of Georgia, Athens. 2. Georgia School of Technology, Atlanta. 3. Georgia State College for Women, Milledgeville. 4. Georgia State Woman's College, Valdosta. 5. South Georgia Teachers College, Statesboro. 6. University of Georgia School of Medicine, Augusta. 7. North Georgia College, Dahlonega. 8. Abraham Baldwin Agricultural College, Tifton. 9. Georgia Southwestern College, Americus. 10. Middle Georgia College, Cochran. 11. South Georgia State College, Douglas. 12. Georgia State Industrial College, Savannah. 13. Georgia Normal and Agricultural College, Albany. 14. State Teachers and Agricultural College, Forsyth. 15. Georgia Experiment Station, Griffin. 16. Coastal Plains Experiment Station, Tifton. 17. West Georgia College, Carrollton.
Seven (7) of these are Senior Colleges, where four years of college work is given. These seven are:
I. The University of Georgia, at Athens. 2. Georgia School of Technology, at Atlanta. 3. Georgia State College for Women, at Milledgeville. 4. Georgia State Woman's College, at Valdosta. 5. South Georgia Teachers College, at Statesboro. 6. University of Georgia School of Medicine, at Augusta. 7. Georgia State Industrial College, at Savannah.
Five are Junior Colleges, offering the freshman and sophomore year of college work. These are:
1. North Georgia College, at Dahlonega. 2. West Georgia College, at Carrollton.
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3. Georgia Southwestern College, at Americus. 4. Middle Georgia College, at Cochrlln. 5, South Georgia State College, at Douglas.
Abraham Baldwin Agricultural College, at Tifton, is a two year terminal college; however, its graduates, upon recommendation of the faculty, are admitted to the junior class of the College of Agriculture.
Georgia Normal & Agricultural College, at Albany, and State Teachers & Agricultural College, at Forsyth, offer a program covering the four years of high school and the first two years of college. The Georgia State Industrial College, at Savannah, also offers two years of high school work.
The institutions at Griffin and Tifton are agricultural experiment stations.
In addition to the foregoing institutions the Regents have set up a Department of Adult Education which operates two divisions, one for the Evening School and another for general extension work.
We are now well passed the period of adjustment to the changes which were made following the educational survey, and which were reported in detail in our last annual report. The adjustments have been made with as little friction as could possibly have been expected. Results have abundantly justified the wisdom of these changes. So far as we can reasonably foresee we have reached the end of these adjustments and no further changes of this character appear to be called for. Our efforts now should be given to consolidating, co-ordinating and developing the University System along its present lines.
CHANCELLOR'S REPORT-FINANCES.
Chancellor Philip Weltner has submitted to the Regents a report covering fully the work of the University System and the problems with which it is now faced. This report of the Chancellor is attached to the report we as Regents are now making, and the earnest attention of the Governor and of the General Assembly is invited thereto. It presents in detail a comprehensive survey of the work being done by the University System, of its aims and purposes, and of the most pressing problems which are now ahead of it.
The Finance Committee of the Regents was directed to make a careful survey of the financial problems so as to give us the basis for presenting to the Governor the information as to financial needs of the University System which it will be necessary for him to have as Director of the Budget in preparing his budget report to the General Assembly. The recommendation of this committee is reported herein.
We will not repeat in detail the matter covered in the Chancellor's report, but will call attention to a few outstanding features.
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The picture presented by the Chancellor's report is in many respects most encouraging. Never in its history has the'e been a time when the different units and branches in the University System were so fully co-operating and working together as at present. \Ve feel justified in saying further that there has never been a time when the System was rendering as efficient service to the State, or was as thoroughly conscious of its duty to the State, and of the good that will result in the future if the System measures up fully to its possibilities.
The increased attendance throughout the University System is a gratifying evidence of the fact that its work is being appreciated. Notwithstanding the abolition of eight (8) units, the attendance in the University System at the opening of the present session was approximately one thousand (1,000) in excess of the attendance at the opening of the previous session, although the attendauce at the opening of the previous session had been the largest which the System had ever recorded.
Stated in terms of percentage, the increase at the opening of this session over the increased attendance of the previous session is approximately twelve (12) per cent.
Gratifying as this increase is, it must nevertheless be recognized that it adds a further strain to a financial problem which had already become acute. The Chancellor's report has tabulated the reduction in revenue derived from the State by the University System. We do not repeat the details here but refer to his report to show the drastic cuts which this System has taken in its State appropriations.
The Regents of the System are therefore faced with a steadily increasing attendance to be served by a greatly decreased revenue. It is our desire to operate the University System on the most economical basis which is consistent with the character of work which it should do for the State. The results we have accomplished along this line, as disclosed by the Chancellor's report, are in our opinion beyond what anyone could have anticipated before the work of reorganization of the System began. As the Chancellor points out, however, the absolute limit of economies has now been reached. This is really an understatement of the difficulty because with the prospective rise in living costs we can hardly hope to maintain the full extent of the economies already inaugurated without disasterous losses from the personnel of our teaching staffs. The problem, of course, is one for the General Assembly to decide. But we are in duty bound to point out that the work of the System will be gravely impaired and its usefulness to the State will be materially lessened unless it receives a maintenance appropriation of at least the minimum of $1,405,900 recommended by the Finance Committee for 1936 and $1,396,900 for 1937.
It is not an answer to the foregoing to suggest that matriculation fees could be raised. Any substantial raise in matriculation fees would deter some from taking a college education. It is the function of the University System
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of Georgia to furnish its facilities to as many of the young men and women of Georgia as possible, and wewould deep:t,- regret any step which would deter any of them from taking advantage of the opportunities it offers.
We should note in this connection that while in some instances we have been obliged to increase some matriculation fees, nevertheless, comparative studies made by educational foundations elsewhere of the cost of obtaining a college education in various sections indicate that the cost in the University System is relatively low. We earnestly desire to keep the cost low to the young men and women of this State.
BUILDING PROGRAM.
The building program on PWA loan funds has about reached the point where contracts will be let. It is our hope that before the end of the year 1934 construction will actually be under way. An inevitable delay occurred when the Public Works Administration required a ruling by the Supreme Court of the State in a test case as to the legal authority of the Regents to undertake this program. The case was carried to the Supreme Court and its decision sustained the power of the Regents to make the contract.
We have every reason to believe that this building loan will be self liquidating. It has been subjected to the study of experts, both for the Regents and also by experts studying the matter for the Public Works Administration. It is the unanimous opinion of all who have studied it that it is completely self liquidating with an ample margin of safety.
The details of the building program are shown in the Chancellor's report. In the main it is a housing program, undertaking to furnish dormitories, dining halls, and faculty houses, where the needs for further facilities along these lines are known to be the most pressing.
The real estate on which these housing projects will be built, and the buildings themselves, being a part of the University System, are not subject to taxation. The land is already owned; the loan is at four (4%) per cent interest, amortized over a thirty (30) year period; and in addition to this thirty (30%) per cent of the funds furnished are an absolute grant from the Federal Government and are not required to be repaid. A real estate project of the kind just described could not fail to be self liquidating-and, indeed, to return a profit-unless it failed to secure tenants. But in the case of the housing projects and mess halls we are building, we already have the tenants, and the patrons for the mess halls.
The Board therefore feels that through the utilization of this loan it is meeting the housing needs of the System, due to the increasing attendance, on a self liquidating basis and without calling upon the State for any aid.
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Unless all of our plans should miscarry, the development is even more advantageous than this because the- buildings wftl be of a character to be useful long after the loan is entirely repaid and the whole revenue from them, therefore, will be available as income to the System.
It must, however, be borne in mind that this does not solve our need for buildings of another kind. Class rooms, laboratories, library buildings, assembly halls, and the like cannot be constructed on a self liquidating basis. But facilities of this character are now entirely inadequate for the increasing attendance in the University System. We realize that the present financial condition of the State does not make it possible for special appropriations for buildings to be made now, hence we are not now asking for such an appropriation. As a part of our report, however, we ought to call attention to this need so that it can be supplied when the finances of the State make this possible.
REPAIRS AND MAINTENANCE OF PROPERTY.
The drastic reduction in the funds received by the University System from the State have made it impossible for us to keep the buildings adequately repaired. We realize that it is foolish to let these properties suffer for lack of current maintenance. It has been impossible for us, however, to find funds adequate for this purpose. It would be a real economy for the General Assembly to appropriate such amount as it feels it can for repairs so as to prevent further deterioration in the property.
REFUNDING LAND SCRIP BONDS.
Earnest attention is asked to the following problem which the Regents now face:
The Act of Congress approved July 2, 1862, provided certain socalled "Land Scrip" for the various states, to be used for certain educational purposes. It provided that this land scrip could be sold and that the states could reinvest the same and utilize the income for certain educational purposes, but the Act of Congress under which this land scrip was made available to the States specifically requires that the fund shall be invested "in stocks of the United States or of the State, or some other safe stock, yielding not less than five (5) percentum."
The land scrip fund given to Georgia was accepted by the State by an Act approved March 10, 1866, and the acceptance afterwards embodied in a contract executed in behalf of the State of Georgia by Governor James M. Smith.
It will thus be seen that both by contract and by the Act of Congress, this land scrip fund cannot be invested by the State at a lower rate than five (5%) per cent.
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At first there was no difficulty about this because State bonds were issued for the land scrip fund (.which was tlf.rned in to the State Treasury) and these bonds originally drew seven (7%) per cent. The problem confronting the Regents grows out of the fact that these bonds have matured and the present Georgia law does not authorize them to be refunded except at three and a half (372%) per cent. The present Georgia law is shown in Code Section 1J95, based upon the Act of 1898.
According to the State Treasurer, the bonds held by the University amount to $279,500.00, in addition to which there is an unfunded obligation to the land scrip fund of $91,000.00. According to the State Treasurer $243,000.00 in all of the amounts above stated are a part of the land scrip fund. We earnestly recommend that an act be passed authorizing this to be refunded at five (5%) per cent. To refund it at a lesser rate would not only be a breach of good faith on the part of the State of Georgia, since it would be in violation of the contract of 1866, but would also raise a grave question as to whether the Federal Government could not retake this fund, which in that event would have been invested in violation of the act.
Respectfully yours, Marion Smith.
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.
Hon, Marion Smith, Chairman, Board of Regents, University System of Georgia, Atlanta, Georgia.

Dear Sir: I submit herewith the first annual report of my stewardship.

COMPARISON OF ENROLLMENT.

Subjoined is the net enrollment in the various units of the University

System for the fall quarter of 1933 as compared with 1934.

1933

NAME OF UNIT

1934

l ________ 90*

Ga. Normal & Agricultural College...------------------------------- 101*

132**)

{ 102**

219________________Ga. Southwestern College.-------------------------------------------------- 282 2101..______________University of Georgia __________________________________________________________ 2404 1666________________Ga. School of Technology____________________________________________________ 1784

153..______________University of Georgia School of Medicine________________________ 148

232________________West Georgia College ____ ------------------------------------------------------ 266

293..______________Middle Georgia College________________________________________________________ 267

21Q________________N orth Georgia College__________________________________________________________ 268

- _ _ _ 205..______________South Georgia State College______________________________________________ 214

:~:*}

State Teachers & Agricultural College______________________________ r so*

1

l150**

1032....-----------Ga. State College for Women __________________________________________ ll60

2~~:*} ________Ga. State Industrial College________________________________________________ 290* { 27**

456________________South Georgia Teachers College.. ______________________________________ 504 86________________Abraham Baldwin Agricultural College. ___________________________ 180

323________________Ga. State Woman's College.... -------------------------------------------- 345

7759

TotaL_____________________________________________________________________________ 8542

638________________Evening SchooL....---------------------------------------------------------------- 815

8397

Grand TotaL_______________________________________________________________ 9357

*-College enrollment.

**-High School enrollment.

You will note that the net increase in number of students is 960. We are

certain that 1935, 1936 and 1937 will gain progressively over 1934, provided

Georgia maintains the present trend towards a higher stabilization of its econ-

omy.

Next, please note the 1933-34 per capita schedule of costs for the respec-

tive units. 9

. UNIVERSITY SYSTEM OF GEORGIA
COST REPORT

1933-34

LocATION

PER CAPITA CosT AcTUAL PER

TO STATE

CAPITA CosT

Athens............................................................ Atlanta (Tech).............................................. Milledgeville.................................................. Statesboro...................................................... V a l d o s t a ........................................................ Americus........................................................ Carrollton...................................................... Dahlonega...................................................... Cochran.......................................................... Douglas.......................................................... Augusta.......................................................... Tifton (A. B.)................................................ Forsyth.......................................................... Albany............................................................ Savannah........................................................

$121.94 100.87 109.63 79.73 146.22 107.42 102.45 119.21 85.78 105.82 323.27 400.33 54.24 100.92 59.44

$278.18 264.58 179.86 191.73 198.88 114.53 153.50 157.24 113.89 132.99 622.46 384.33
80.35 144.76 124.56

Average Cost......._ ..................................

$134.48

$209.45

The right hand column of figures does not include the cost of books, board and lodging or other living expenses. It does include such items as income from endowments, federal allotments and student fees, wherever any of these occur.
In the main, the trend is shifting more and more of the expense of instruction to our students. To the extent this continues, opportunity progressively will slip from the masses. There is only one corrective to this tendency and that is for the State to assume its responsibility for preserving to our youth the hope, on fair terms, to secure the advantages of the State's institutions.
There should be no mistake as to the cause for the increase in fees. I therefore give the net sums annually received from the state treasury:
1930-$2,001,304.40. 1931-$1,891,264.97. 1932-$1,624,927.50. 1933-$1,336,930.00. 1934 (est.) $1,125,000.00.
Less than 15% loss in appropriations has been off-set by the increase in fees. The remainder of the loss has been matched by drastic economies.

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Many of these were accepted only because of generally depressed conditions, faced in common by other educational institutioas.
The Regents will not be able to enforce the same economies in an era of nsmg prices. In the first place the effort is bound to fail and, if attempted, will result in losing the best of our personnel. They will go where their worth will be appreciated. Buildings do not make a school; the quality of its teachers does.
A careful study of state support shows that the University of Georgia and the Georgia School of Technology are receiving on a per capita basis less than they got twenty years ago. On the other hand, the demands now made on their facilities are incomparably greater.
BuDGET OF 1934-35
Your allotments to the seventeen units in the University System, including Extension in Agriculture and Home Economics, aggregate $1,162,226.55. This will not meet the requirements for the two budgets which must be prepared for the school years 1935-36 and 1936-37. In fact, the present budget is inadequate. Many facts may be cited. A single illustration must suffice. This Spring we had to secure public donations in the amount of $25,000.00 to prevent our School of Medicine from being stricken from the list of accredited medical colleges. It had neither been adequately staffed nor equipped to maintain the required standards.
OLD DEBTS.
When the Board of Regents took charge of the University System the indebtedness of its respective units totaled $1,074,415.45. There was allocated to this Board its share of the proceeds realized by discounting Western & At lantic rentals. These were used to reduce the indebtedness. In addition to that, the appropriation for 1932 was sufficiently large to permit our diverting $146,892.19 from current income. We now owe on debts incurred by our institutions prior to January 1, 1932, $658,602.33. For your information I am attaching hereto as Exhibit A an analysis of these obligations, citing the institutions involved, the sums owed by each and the character of the indebtedness. Something must be done to settle these obligations.
BUILDING PROGRAM.
This matter received attention in the annual report submitted through the Governor to the General Assembly in 1933. Schedules then published have been considerably revised. This was necessary because each project had to be self-liquidating to the satisfaction both of the Regents and of the Federal Emergency Administration of Public Works. A list of the several projects will be found attached to this report (Exhibit B) with a statement of their cost, the federal grants involved in each and the sums to be repaid.
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I must call your attention to the fact that none of these projects provide for any equipment. Unless -they are eq&ipped they cannot be used; unless they are used, they cannot earn any income; unless they earn their expected income, the Board will default in repayment of the federal loan. It will require about $85,000.00 to equip the facilities included in this program. Unless funds can otherwise be secured, I strongly urge that the General Assembly be requested to provide this amount by a special appropriation to be made available not later than August 1st, 1935.
SURPLUS PROPERTY.
Under an Act approved in 1931, the Regents were authorized to discontinue any unit in the System which was felt to be unnecessary to an adequate system of higher education. Schools were discontinued at Clarkesville, Madison, Monroe, Bowden, Powder Springs and Barnesville. Temporary disposition was made of the properties at Bowden, Monroe, Powder Springs and Barnesville. Your Board may not permanently dispose of any property to which it holds title without authority of the General Assembly. General authority in the premises ought to be granted to your Board in all cases where it holds title to surplus properties.
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES.
Democracy is an end in itself, above parties, primaries and elections. True democracy resides in the will of a people to achieve the spread of opportunity, of work and of knowledge, of security and of welfare, of justice and of character. Democracy is bound to decay and perish unless each generation consecrates itself anew at the altar of this high purpose. Here then is the key to the true function of a tax-supported program of education. For it is in Georgia's schools that her youth must catch the vision of democracy; here the knowledge and will must be imparted which can safeguard the heritage of the past and assure the promise of the future.
Such an enterprise is the common task of the State Department of Education and of your University System. It is idle to think of such a program in the limited terms of reading, writing and arithmetic, or to pit the high schools against the grammar grades, or to discriminate against the University System in favor of either. The extent to which children are trained in the public schools inevitably fixes the point at which their subsequent education begins and influences the ultimate point to which it can advance. That which our colleges accomplish, influences the bent and mold of leadership in every walk of life and directly controls, through the output of its teachers and administrators, the breadth and depth of our public schools. We have but one task, a fact the significance of which should never be obscured because, by strange mischance, education in Georgia is subjected to a diversity of administrations.
Our program involves the expansion of opportunity so as to usher in the more abundant life.
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... THE TEACHER-IN-SERVICE.
There were in the public schools during 1932-33, 905 white teachers and 2,747 colored teachers without a state certificate. There were 4,229 white and 1, 799 colored teachers who had less than a year of college training. These 6,028 had taken only a few technical courses in education beyond their high school credits. While the State Department of Education is struggling to overcome the handicaps involved in scant preparation, we are not indifferent to the situation. Many of these teachers have the promise of an earnest purpose. They deserve all the help we can give. The State Department and the University System, therefore applied to the General Education Board of New York for funds so that the best of these teachers might, without expense to themselves, be taken back into our teacher training centers for whatever work would qualify them to re-enter the service better prepared. The General Education Board made a grant beginning with the fall term of 1934. Training centers have been set up at the South Georgia Teachers College, Statesboro, and State Teachers and Agricultural College, Forsyth. These funds will be continued until July 1, 1936, when the University System is expected to continue the program on its State appropriation. The total annual grant amounts to $16,550.00.
CURRICULUM REVISION.
The program for the teacher-in-service is only one of the fields in which the State Department and the University System are jointly engaged. Even more significant is the.program for curricular study and revision begun during the University's summer quarter of 1934. Teachers, principals and superintendents from all over the State remained for six weeks of intensive study to determine ho~ the public schools may more nearly serve the best interest of the communities taxed in their support. We recognize the justice of the principle that if the State is to support the schools, the schools must strengthen and build up the State. Education cannot be content to rear strong indivi duals if these yield themselves to no loyalty but personal advantage; education as a public enterprise must beget strong personalities whose strength promotes the general good. We are further in agreement that much of our program up to now has been dominated by an aristocratic tradition which has lingered in our schools after having been discarded everywhere else. A great deal of education may be represented as a ladder, having as its special purpose to prepare for college and there to prepare for the e:>.-ploitation of exceptional opportunities. The plan is designed for the few at the top and not for the many along the route. This must be changed. We hope to bring the entire teaching personnel of the State into a re-appraisal and re-direction of the educational effort. We are convinced that each step of the program must have a meaning and value in and of itself and not merely in preparation for some future good which in the main is perpetually deferred. We appropriated as our half of the expense of this project the modest sum of $2,500.00. Much more would still offer a most promising field for public investment. Other states expend annually as much as $25,000.00.
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THE SuRVEY CouRSES.
The criticism levelled at fhe program*of education in general applies equally to college curricula. Hide-bound as colleges are in traditions inherited from abroad, these filtered down into the public schools. By far the largest percentage of our enrollment remains only through the sophomore year. Why ahould our colleges not undertake to make a permanent contribution to their undergraduates of such immediate value and validity that they will receive, however short their stay may be, the maximum of benefit?
Beginning with the fall quarter of 1934, four courses have been devised by our own faculties, brief mention of which should be made.
Two units in the physical sciences to help the student to an understanding of the contributions made by the great scientists and how those contributions have influenced the civilization of which the student is a part;
Two units in the biological sciences, to bring to the student an understanding of our physical life and the light thrown by present knowledge on the problems of physical well-being;
One unit in functional mathematics, to demonstrate the utility of that science in the complex relations of everyday life;
Three units in the social sciences, to awaken a grasp of our social structure, to give insight into how the social order of the present was born of the past, so that trends may be appraised and a better civilization may be built.
This work is only a beginning and remains to be tested and improved. But as we have begun, we will continue, introducing an integrated and progressive curriculum through the sophomore year. We mean to contribute to atudent life that which in turn will contribute most to the life of the State.
ADULT EDUCATION.
The University System belongs to every Georgian, irrespective of condition, age or interest. Our campus extends to every nook and cranny of the State. For such as cannot come to us, we are ready to go to them. During the last school year, 2,003 students enrolled in correspondence courses or in classes locally conducted by members of our faculties.
Unfortunately these advantages have not been available in proportion to the demand for the service. Our state support was so limited that we were compelled to assess fees sufficient to make the work self-supporting. This is true in no other state. Nor was it true in Georgia until our school year 1933-34. $30,000.00 annually should be made available for this program. This sum would enable thousands of partially prepared teachers in Georgia to make good deficiencies of which they are extremely self-conscious.
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Before our present organization, the Georgia School of Technology had organized what formerly was called the Evening"School of Commerce. First conducted on its campus, this school became housed in down town Atlanta. It serves those who for one cause or another cannot pursue their education except in evening classes. Principally patronized by maturer students, the University System Evening School graduated last June, 37 students who had completed their work leading to various degrees and in the same period the school enjoyed an enrollment of 792. It is our hope to expand this service to larger centers in other sections of the State. Nowhere in the University System do we have students more earnest in their work or overcoming greater handicaps in securing an education.
EXTENSION IN AGRICULTURE AND HOME ECONOMICS.
The Extension Division of the College of Agriculture became the active field service arm of the Agricultural Administration at Washington with respect to carrying out of all adjustment programs in Georgia.
During the last fiscal year, 111,839 Georgia farmers were assisted in executing and completing contracts in the first cotton and tobacco acreage preduction campaign, and rental and benefit checks were delivered through the county agents to cooperating farmers.
In the 1934 campaign, 120,000 farmers executed cotton and tobacco contracts. County Agents also supervised the checking of compliance and in addition all branches of the Extension Division have actively cooperated with Federal agencies in charge of relief, rehabilitation, rural credit, etc. The enormous amount of work involved in all these activities was efficiently performed and the prestige of the organization as a whole materially enhanced.
Forty new counties arranged to cooperate in employing county agents
during the year, bringing the total number employed in the State on Tanuary
1st to 147 white and l4 negro agricultural agents.
The many millions of dollars in rental and other benefits paid Georgia farmers and the 100 per cent or more enhancement in price of their staple crops by reason of the adjustment campaigns, would have amply justified the Extension Service's activities in such campaigns even if it had been necessary to entirely abandon their regular educational programs. This, fortunately, was not the case. Through the County Advisory Boards and Home Economic Councils and other cooperating organizations and with increased cooperation by farmers and farm women generally, the major Extension projects were carried on throughout the year very satisfactorily.
FARM CROPS.
County agents secured the planting of 2,009,850 pounds of winter legume seed, principally of vetch, crimson clover, lespedeza and Austrian winter peas. Most of this was for soil improvement. Of the 9,756 acres of crimson
15

clover seeded much was left to mature seed for harvest before plowing under. A total of 16,611 acres was seeded to pen~anent pasture grasses.
On 4,566 cotton demonstrations covering 59,549 acres, an average increase in yield of 503 pounds per acre was secured. On the basis of 9 per pound for lint and $15 per ton for seed, this represented an increased income of $18.50 per acre, or a total of more than a million dollars.
The number of pure bred one-variety cotton communities organized by the Extension Division in cooperation with the Bureau of Plant Industry, U. S. Department of Agriculture and the Georgia Experiment Station, was increased to 33 for the 1934 season. Preliminary work is also under way in 26 additional counties in Georgia. The better staple and yield secured by farm ers participating in this work in 1933 is estimated to have brought them $323,000 more than would have been received if the usual seed had been planted.
All county and home demonstration agents emphasized the importance of home gardening. Specialists also gave much help to commercial fruit and vegetable growers. Sixty cars of peaches sold from one large commercial orchard which has been for years managed under the direction of the Exten aion Service topped all the eastern markets in 1934.
Terracing demonstrations were given by county agents and specialists on more than 2,000 Georgia farms during the year. Georgia farmers as never before are now "erosion control" minded. In two counties the latest modern power terracing equipment has been provided by county authorities for proaecuting a continuous terracing campaign.
Plans for farm buildings, brick brooders and meat curing boxes, prepared by the Extension Engineering Specialist, were widely distributed on requeat from Georgia farmers.
The use of Georgia grown feeds in a balanced dairy ration known as 4-3-2-1 ration was especially emphasized by dairy specialists and county agents. Increased production and lowered costs resulted in every instance where it was used according to directions. A total of 316 purebred dairy aires and 387 purebred dairy cows were purchased by farmers at the instance of the agents. Farmers under the direction of county agents fed and finished 7,248 beef cattle for market, during the year.
In the campaign to assist farmers in saving their own meat butchering demonstrations were given in 18 counties and meat curing and cutting demonstrations in 28 counties, by Extension Animal Husbandrymen Specialists and county agents. More than a thousand farmers profited by these demon5trations and instructions.
Poultry work under the supervision of county and home demonstration agents involved 3,581 separate demonstration flocks. Records show that cooperating housewives and farmers profited to the extent of $91,490 as a result of following instructions in the management of their flocks.
16

MARKETING.
Extension marketing activities. are intend~ primarily to assist farmers in finding a market for surplus miscellaneous farm and home products grown as a result of agricultural readjustment to get on a "Live-at-Home" basis. If these small miscellaneous surpluses cannot be marketed, the "Live-at-Home" program will not succeed. Sales through extension marketing channels as reported by county agents, amounted to $2,336,381.00, and total cooperative purchases of farm supplies to $277,839 during the calendar year 1933. Miscellaneous products sold through roadside and curb markets set up and supervised by county home demonstration agents in the same period amounted to $495,443.00. The profits and savings accruing to farmers and farm familiea through these Extension marketing activities alone are placed at $239,310.00. The marketing activities are carried on with cooperative community and county groups and by means of assembly depots, curb and wholesale farmers' markets, auction and carlot sales, and in other ways. A weekly market news letter, giving information as to available supply, and demand, is sent to county and home demonstration agents and truckers, and other buyers.
Recent examples of the kind of marketing work done by the Extension Service include the assembly of 72,000 gallons of Georgia cane syrup from 450 Georgia growers in 22 counties and shipment and sale to the F. E. R. A., with approximately $39,000.00 distributed to the producers; the auction sales of $27,000.00 worth of Georgia grown beef at Savannah and Albany Livestock Show and Sales; and the assembly, shipment and satisfactory sale of 34 cars of cabbage grown by farmers and 4 cars of Irish potatoes grown by 4-H Club members, in 4 north Georgia counties.
Women agents worked with 20,225 organized home demonstration club women and approximately an equal number of 4-H Club girls in carrying on the various phases of home economic work during the year. These related to nutrition and health, the production, utilization and preservation of foods; making, remodeling, repairing and renovating the family clothing, home improvement and beautification; marketing the surpluses of garden, poultry, the dairy and home industry products, and programs for community developments and community educational, social and recreational activities.
Each of the more than twenty thousand members of home demonstration clubs was pledged to pass on the instructions received to one or more of their neighboring farm women not members of the club. The preservation of food was one of the major projects. In the 79 counties having home demonstration agents, a survey showed 3,212,206 cans of vegetables, fruits and meat put up by cooperating farm women and in community canneries.
A total of 5,128 food budgets were prepared in farm homes and plans made to produce the required supply on the farm; 6,033 canning budgets were made by farm women; 25,615 women and girls cultivated home gardens as one of their projects; 21,838 women and girls undertook some phase of home improvement work; 2,548 made kitchens into more efficient workshops; 1,200
17

homes were screened and 5,474 women followed recommended methods for eliminating household pests,. causing ecqpomic loss and disease. Exteriors of 2,554 homes were improved with base plantings ofshrubbery. Minor improvements were made on 3,000 farm homes with home labor, at small money cost.
The home sewing project enrolled 33,498 women and girls in 71 counties and the records showed clothing and other articles for home use made in the homes at an estimated savings in cost of $362,932.00.
The home demonstration agents and home economic specialists cooperated with Federal relief agencies in every possible way.
During the present calendar year, canning institutes have been held in practically every county in the state and canning instructions given to groups of rural families on relief and to the relief workers assisting in food preservation campaigns. The Federal rural housing survey was carried out under their supervision.
4-H CLUB WORK.
Last year there were 34,757 white and 17,000 colored boys and girls enrolled in 4-H Club projects. They produced farm and home products valued at $1,559,011.00. It is impossible to estimate the worth to the state of the training in better methods and in citizenship given this army of youths. During the year 21,330 adult men and women, volunteer local leaders, attended training meetings to better equip themselves to assist agents in this work. Judging and demonstration teams of 4-H boys and girls were a feature of all state, county and community fairs.
The 14 negro farm agents and 19 negro home demonstration agents gave instruction and assistance to 250,000 rural members of their race in 1933, in carrying out various features of an intensely practical "Live-at-Home" program. They were assisted by 8,000 volunteer local leaders. The 4-H Club enrollment of negro boys and girls in 1934 is 10 per cent greater than in 1933, and a corresponding interest and increased cooperation has been shown by adult negro farmers and farm women in Extension programs.
COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT.
The Extension Service is definitely committed to the "Community Attack" method of aiding in the solution of farm and home problems. This involves definite community organization of men, women and youths to plan and execute programs for the economic, educational and social betterment of such communities. The home demonstration and 4-H Clubs and the groups of A A A committeemen are the nucleus for such organizations. Hundreds of definite community economic enterprises have been already established and many more are planned. It is recognized that it is in organized communities that the greatest and most permanent progress in Extension work can be made.
18

Appended hereto (Exhibit C) is a report, submitted by a Community Committee, which speaks volumes fo.r what ruraJ. people can accomplish if they only will.
SmL EROSION CoNTROL.
The Regents of the University System recognize no greater peril to Georgia's economy than the waste incurred through the erosion of our soils. Casual observation along any highway or railroad will reveal the devastation wrought by this constant menace. The impoverishment of whole sections of the State is to be laid to this factor. While there may be some who do not see this problem as any business of ours, our duty is to do all the good we can, in all the ways we can, to all the people we can, particularly when there is no one else to take a hand. We therefore secured for Georgia the help of the Division of Soil Erosion Control of the United States Department of Interior which has set up headquarters at the College of Agriculture and is actively engaged at a scheduled cost of $300,000.00 to set in motion a state-wide program permanently to check the evils of soil erosion,
CHANCELLORSVILLE.
There exists a widespread interest in and an almost equal misapprehension of the subject of subsistence homesteads, a national project fostered on a Federal appropriation of $25,000,000.00 under the direction of the Division of Subsistence Homesteads of the United States Department of the Interior. The Regents presented for Georgia a plan and program calling for the investment of $1,000,000.00 in this State. This application was approved and in December 1933 a contract was executed to carry the application into effect. Our studies had shown a very sharp loss of population in thirty-six counties ranging from the borders of Richmond to the edge of Muscogee, a land area classified as the Lower Piedmont. Its agricultural economy had been based almost exclusively on cotton and in no other area had the ravages of the boll weevil been more severe. We therefore recommended that lands be acquired in this area, in a more or less compact body, so that with the people to be settled thereon we might definitely determine through actual demonstration under normal conditions of daily experience, the kind of an agricultural pro: gram which would provide for those engaged in it not only a living but also a satisfying way of life. After the program became well advanced, the contract was abrogated not because of any fault of ours, but because Comptroller General McCarl insisted that the terms of the contract transcended the legal limitations affecting all government departments. The result is that ours and all similar projects in the United States were completely federalized. We were invited to remain as sponsors and advisors in the future development of the enterprise. But we did not care to assume responsibility where we were deprived of all power of direction. However, we are assured that the enterprise will be continued under immediate government auspices. If properly conducted, it will accomplish everything we originally hoped for through the venture.
19

ANIMAL HUSBANDRY.
Today more than 2,000,000 farmers in .the United States are doing what instinct warns them against. They are reducing their total output of staple crops by reducing portions of the acreage heretofore used in their production. Nothing is amiss with this program if the idle acreage can be shifted to some use which in the end will benefit our rural economy. But for the southeast we are not faced simply with a choice between agricultural ruin or artificial stimulation, both of them bad, but also with a vast acreage of idle lands, formerly under cultivation, the non-productiveness of which, through consequent tax delinquency, is seriously crippling social services,-rural roads, health and schools. The truth is that during the war, under the stimulus of national necessity, the farmers of America turned 40,000,000 acres of grassland into the production of staple crops. What happened during the war has since borne heavily against the agricultural prosperity of Georgia. First, it speeded up cotton production in areas where the shorter staples can be produced more economically than in Georgia; second, it centered attention in this State upon cotton, where formerly we had begun an emphasis upon a more self-sufficient and better balanced program; third, the increased production of cotton, to the extent that it exposed us in greater degree to the ravages of the bollweevil, resulted in a greater economic decline. If the farmers of America can be induced to -.:estore to grassland the major part of the 40,000,000 acres plowed up, it will help. But we have a dual problem. First, how to help the rural economy of this State to increasing self-sufficiency by the profitable use of the farm acres, plowed up in order to hold down the surplus, and how to find a profitable use for the hundreds of thousands of acres now lying out and producing no income whatever. We feel that in large part the answer consists of pastures and livestock. Wider use of pastures and meadows in our farming system would reduce the production of annual cash crops, conserve the fertility of the soil, diminish erosion and, for agriculture as a whole, should produce increased net returns. All of this means livestock. If we would put that industry on its four feet we could unlock the dormant resources of our idle lands and transform the rural economy of our State. The University System has done a very great deal during the past two years in this direction but even that is pitiably small in the light of the needs to be met. Those who have recently inspected the pastures and livestock at the College of Agriculture and the Coastal Plain Experiment Station will witness to the progress that has been made. Especially gratifying is the interest shown in, and the intelligent application made of, the practices developed, throughout considerable sections of the State. It is recommended that at least $50,000.00 annually be invested in this enterprise. We must somehow make up our annual state deficit in draft animals, beef cattle and creamery products.
ABRAHAM BALDWIN AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE.
Agricultural education has not fulfilled all the hopes of its sponsors, if their hopes envisaged a return to the farms by large numbers of graduates. What our agriculture might have been in the last twenty years in the absence
20

of trained agricultural leaders is another side of the picture which the critics of agricultural education are not disposed to examine. The experience in the United States is that an average of only 15.7rfo of the graduates from colleges of agriculture go back to farming. For our part, we deplore this condition, although we are far from denouncing agricultural education because these young people become county agents, home demonstrators, manufacturers and distributors of agricultural implements and fertilizers, agricultural specialists, economists, teachers, forresters and other technicians. There was such a dearth in these vocations and in consequence these were relatively so rewarding that of course our young people sought out such occupations. Further more, in the last two years, at the very moment when we believed the supply had caught up with the demand, thousands of new openings were made available by the expansion of government activities. A fresh graduate, with only average ability, can step into government employ at a salary which is the envy of younger college professors.
But for all that, we felt the urge to overcome the usual criticism levelled at the orthodox college of agriculture. Our answer is the Abraham Baldwin Agricultural College, near Tifton. It was located here so as to benefit from immediate proximity to our Coastal Plain Experiment Station. In 1933-34 only a freshman class attended the institution. And this class was small because of the newness of the undertaking. These circumstances account for its high per capita cost which will necessarily decrease in direct proportion to the increase in enrollment.
SCHOOL OF MEDICINE.
Medical education cannot be cheaply had unless the Regents are willing to depart from the standards imposed by the American Medical Association. Any attempt to disregard these standards will result to the discredit of the institution. And its graduates will not be admitted to examination by the Georgia Board of Medical Examiners. Due to the work and influence of the American Medical Association and the Association of American Medical Colleges, medical education everywhere has become more efficient and, to that extent, more costly. Somebody must pay the bills. We have already raised the fees of this institution more than 100%. To go much further in this direction will limit the opportunities for medical education to the well-to-do_ If we mean to keep the door of opportunity open to the deserving, regardless of their financial ability, we must continue the medical college. If we are to continue we must maintain a high standard. We cannot do so on an appropriation of less than $90,000.00 per annum. This is $30,000.00 more than is being paid under the present allocation. The only reason the School is now being operated up to the required standard of efficiency is because the extra sum needed was secured by private benefactions. Of course this cannot be repeated year after year.
21

From the standpoint of the interest of the State I think the discontinu-
ance of the School will prove a calamity. Cfhis School is the one which has
always furnished the medical resources in our rural areas. Furthermore, the faculty of the institution has proved a decided factor in advancing public health.
LoNG RANGE PoLICY.
It is time to design a pattern in accordance with which we should develop the units in the University System. Let us forever keep in mind that each unit must be a service agency. These units are capable, not of everything, but each must have its place and part. The units, welded compactly together, should supply, through the diversity of their services, a program adequate to bring about a constant and steady advance in the well-being of our State. This is our task, to which we dare not be derelict.
Let us review our present status. First, because heretofore the lea1t considered, come the three institutions for negroes:
(a) Georgia State Industrial College, Savannah.
(b) Georgia Normal & Argicultural College, Albany.
(c) State Teachers & Agricultural College, Forsyth.
If the well-being of Georgia negroes is to be the measure of the work of the institutions, the question must be answered: What plans for the development of the negro comports best with advantage to the whites and with satis faction to the negro. Fundamentally, we must recognize the desirability of strengthening the race consciousness of each. In this way, we shall preserve racial integrity.
Taking into account another aspect of the situation, it will not be pOl sible, nor from the standpoint of the years desirable, to enforce economic domination of one race by the other on the grounds of caste. We must give scope to capacity, regardless of race but scope in directions which will not lead to conflict. To deny this privilege is contrary to enlightened self-interest. Observation indicates probable future trends. The negro has gradually been building up within the confines of his own group those services, professional, semi-professional and economic, which have provided doors of opportunity for the more resourceful and industrious members of that race. We should encourage the movement. Up to the moment, however, it has manifested itself only in large urban centers. Perhaps only cities provide a possible locale for its growth. But what of the country? Any failure of ours to develop a satisfying opportunity to the rural negro will result in his migration to the city, cause pressure thrown upon the white population, both in housing and the more manual employments, and in consequence racial ill-will comes into play to the final disadvantage of both races.
22

If security is permanent only to the extent that it is generally shared, then we cannot afford to disregard the negra in any program of general wellbeing. We must assist the rural negro toward economic security. This means land tenure on terms of permanent occupancy and economic use. For generations to come this philosophy will provide, so far as concerns the negro, the best hope for our educational effort.
Our field then, for both urban and rural negroes, should stress teacher training, which however, should imbue those in training with this philosophy of racial progress and impart those skills which will aid in its realization. We should also give to our negro students who show the requisite adaptability whatever training is needed for semi-professional and economic competence in those services which they can render their own people, and lastly, we must develop in rural negro youth an aptitude and appreciation for rural arts and sciences.
Second, what of the junior college? The Survey Committee stated that in the long run the junior college function would be taken over by local communities as the final years of their systems of secondary education. But if secondary education falls more and more under the control of and is supported by the State (and this is undoubtedly the trend) then there is no point to this recommendation of the survey group. Because ultimately, if the public good is to be best served, education will come to be increasingly assumed as a State function, as distinguished from a local interest, will be more and more centrally administered and the program will be considered in its entirety, without discrimination between the common school, the high school and the college. The State will see to it that access to the higher levels of education will be open to all of its youth who possess the necessary will to learn and the ability for self-improvement. I believe there will eventually be a single administrative agency for all publicly supported education. The junior college movement is therefore, in my judgment, a permanent fixture in the States program of higher education. And, as I see the work and program of the junior college, it merits our fullest support and encouragement.
What is this program and work? In order to give definition to this phase of our work, we must constantly remember that we mean to bring about a progressive and constant advance in the well-being of our people in every way in which this may be achieved by the educational enterprise. Therefore, we mean to inaugurate and perfect a program of education adapted to this purpose. It follows that the junior college should arouse interest in and an appreciation for the possibilities of the horne, the neighborhood, the community, the state and the nation. It should inculcate an understanding of those experiences of the past which will have an enduring validity in guiding our effort to build up and maintain a sounder and more satisfying social and economic order. Through our junior colleges we should create an earnest, enthusiastic and enlightened citizenship. The courses of study adopted at the Milledge ville conference are devised with that end in view.
23

In addition to this effort the junior college must assume the responsibility for preparing such of its students as determine to pursue their studies further,
as well as to give specific vocatiotial training ~r those who propose to enter on
careers immediately after these two years of college work. What vocational training should be offered? Manifestly, the sort that can be given thoroughly without consuming time better devoted to the dominant purpose of the institution.
At present the main vocational effort is to prepare elementary teachers. I regard this part of the program a temporary compromise. The state school administration is so weakened by the necessity of political support that adequate standards cannot be invoked. This makes impossible the adoption on our part of a teacher training program, adequate to the needs of our common schools. The whole structure is out of joint at this point. Until the legislature rectifies this condition the junior college will have to offer courses in education. I hope we soon may require a full junior college course as a prerequisite to the study of education. We ought to educate before we attempt to train.
Clearly we must get away from considering the first two years of college (the junior college years) as the place or time for teacher training. What other curricula to substitute is a large problem. I would suggest a variety of semi-professions in the fields of production and distribution, such as office management, agriculture, merchandising, draftsmanship, contracting, mechanics, etc. The total extent of the program needs careful reflection and exploration. But when it is finally agreed upon, the problem of devising competent curricula, finding the right teaching personnel, financing the project, all loom large enough, without deciding at what schools which particular courses should be pursued. No time ought to be lost before complete data will be assembled and final details agreed upon. We will always pursue teacher training in the junior college years unless and until we crowd it out by substituting a likelier program. To restate my position, it is this: A general education is the necessary background. Its acquisition should therefore precede any training for a teacher-career; the time demanded for acquiring this background is so great that time taken for tracher training is really an encroachment. Both are so important and the two years are so short that aa distinct programs they are mutually exclusive. My hope is that the junior college will soon slough off teacher training as an objective, concentrate on the training of citizens, provide skills and comprehension in the semi-professions and still carry on the job of senior college preparation.
I want the junior colleges to have a great popular appeal from the standpoint of their objective, their excellence and reasonable cost. I would like to abolish their fees altogether, admitting candidates only upon proof of proficiency and earnestness. All this however awaits:
(1) A sounder method of state finance. (2) An effective state control of elementary and secondary education. (3) The fullest accord and unity of purpose throughout the University
System.
24

In this connection it is necessary to discuss the senior colleges, Valdosta, Statesboro, Milledgeville, Atlanta and Athens~ Except for the Georgia School of Technology, each recognizes the first two years as its junior college diviaion, As with the junior colleges, so at Statesboro and Milledgeville, a normal course may be completed with the sophomore year. This is wrong. Those aspiring to become teachers should be required to complete the full junior division curricula and take at least a year in education.
G. S. W. C. is to develop as a liberal arts college for women;
S. G. T. C. will pursue its present objectives; G. S.C. W. will carry on as a womans junior college in its junior division and vocational and professional schools for women in its upper division.
The Georgia School of Technology will pursue its present program in engineering and architecture. Ultimately we should postpone technical and professional courses to the senior division, and when necessary, add an additional year for the final degrees. This would open up engineering courses to graduates of junior colleges, without loss of time, harmonizing the program throughout the System and give to Tech's students one more year of maturity which in my judgment is needed to assimilate the difficult subject matter embraced in its curricula. And why should not the engineer be required to have as a pre-requisite as good a general education as we demand of the law student?
The University ultimately must be none of the things which the other units will become with certain possible exceptions. A part of its work will parallel the offerings of Valdosta in liberal arts, Statesboro and Milledgeville in teacher training and the Abraham Baldwin Agricultural College in agriculture. Even in education it should consider its final goal the preparation of aubject matter specialists and school administratiors. Its great aim should be to train for leadership in public service and to turn out persons of high competence in the physical and biological sciences, in law, business administration, journalism, agriculture, etc.
Finally, we come to the problem of intergrating the University System from the standpoint of administration. As was remarked by one of the Regents: "I am more and more coming to regard the University as one and the same thing wherever its parts are located." The welfare of each is a consideration inseparable from the public interest. We cannot neglect the service of any of the parts without sacrificing that public interest. Therefore it is not a question of a preponderance of influence among the units, nor of dominance, one over the rest. The institutions do not live for themselves, all are creatures of the people, created to advance the public good.
CONCLUSION.
We must make more of our resources, human and material, if out of oar resources, we are to make more of ourselves.
Respectfully yours.
Philip Weltner.
25

EXHIBIT A.
UNIVERSITY "SYSTEM c1F GEORGIA,
AS OF JUNE 30, 1934.
TOTAL INDEBTEDNESS JANUARY 1, 1932....................$

1,074,415.45

REDUCED BY:
W. & A. Discounts April1932......................$ 113,378.93 W. & A. Discounts October 1932.................. 111,641.98

$ 225,020.91

REDUCED BY: Current Funds 1932........................................ 146,892.19
TOTAL REDUCTION YEAR 1932._____________________________________

371,913.10

Balance Dec. 31, 1932..---------------------------$ Reduced by W. & A. Discounts April1933................................

702,502.35 78,595.45

$ Plus Contracted Obligations of 1931 carried over to the Year
1932 as per Audit close June 30th, 1933..................................$
TOTAL INDEBTEDNESS PRIOR JAN. 1, 1932.________________$

623,906.90 34,695.43
658,602.33

26

EXmBIT A. UNIVERSITY SYSTEM OF GEORGIA

DETAIL OF OLD OBLIGATIONS, PRIOR TO JANUARY 1, 1932.

Institution

Total

Salaries Payable

Accounts Payable

Notes Payable (Borrowed
Money)

Notes Payable (Accounts)

Location

University of Georgia:

UniversitY------------------------- $ 138,243.18 ------------------------ -------------------- $ 136,148.44 $ 2,094.74 -------

College of Agriculture...................................... 41,306.19 ------------------------ -------------------- 41,306.19 -------------------

State Teachers College --------------------------------

66,328.74

41,693.02 --------------------

24,635.72 -------------------- Athens

Ga. School of Technology.................................... 83,740.00 ----------------------- 3,400.00 80,340.00 -------------------- Atlanta

~

Universi~ of Ga. School of Medicine ______________
Georgia outhwestern College..---------------------North Georgia College........................................

35,183.25 ------------------------ 3,129.46

32,053.79 ------------------ Augusta

3,796.92 N o n e ____________

----------------------------------------------

--------------------
--------------------

3,796.92
------------------------

--------------------
--------------------

Americus Dahlonega

Middle Georgia College.................................... 17,791.15

481.22 17,309.93 ------------------------ -------------------- Cochran

So. Georgia State College....-------------------------- 17,355.07

8,900.53 5,440.78

1,769.60 1,244.16 Douglas

West Georgia College*....................................... Ga. State College for Women ____________________________ South Ga. Teachers College....----------------------------

5,333.35 ------------------------ 4,038.73

1,294.62 -------------------- Carrollton'-----

57,571.97

24,446.58 -------------------- ------------------------ 33,125.39 Milledgeville

14,846.32

289.37 2,677.80

3,512.30 8,366.85 Statesboro

Ga. State Woman's College.---------------- 40,675.09 23,019.40 12,652.62 ------------------------ 5,003.07 Valdosta

Abraham Baldwin Agri. College**-------------- 33,447.29 15,274.47 7,745.44

4,940.63 5,486.75 Tifton

Coastal Plain Experiment Station____________________ Georgia Experiment Station______________________________

8,942.04 N o n e ____________

-----------------------
------------------------

-------------------
--------------------

....... _8,942.04
------------------------

--------------------
--------------------

Tifton Experiment

State Teachers and Agricultural College..........

7,687.84

1,539.88 59.70

5,975.70

112.56 Forsyth

Georgia Normal and Agricultural College........

4,397.92 ------------------------ 1,950.86

1,271.14 1,175.92 Albany

Ga. State Industrial College.............................. None............ ------------------------ -------------------- ------------------------ -------------------- Savannah

Ninth District A&M SchooL........................... 13,768.30

8,670.79 3,403.94

1,693.57 -------------------- Clarkesville

EXIDBIT A-Continued. UNIVERSITY SYSTEM OF GEORGIA DETAIL OF OLD OBLIGATIONS, PRIOR TO JANUARY 1, 1932.

Institution

Total

Salaries Payable

Accounts Payable

Notes

Payable

Notes

(Borrowed Payable

Money) (Accounts)

Location,

~ Bowdon State Normal and Ind. Col...........______ 00 Georgia Industrial College__________________________________

12,816.10 53,888.97

9,984.38 2,630.25

2,831.72 Bowdon -------------------- - -~-------------------9,287.87 25,636.69 16,334.16 Barnesville....

Eighth District A&M SchooL___________________________
Seventh District A&M SchooL......-----------------Georgia Vocational SchooL...-------------------------

None1_,_4__8__2__._6__4_ N o n e ____________

627.41 ------------------------
------------------------

855.23 --------------------
--------------------

-----------------------------------------------
------------------------

--------------------
--------------------
--------------------

Madison , Powder Springs Monroe

s s s s TOTAL--------------------------------------------------$ 658,602.33 137,557.30 74,784.08 373,317.35 72,943.60

*-Former 4th District A&M School. -Former Georgia State College for~Men.

EXHIBIT B. UNIVERSITY SYSTEM OF GEORGIA
PWA BUILDING PROGRAM

Institution

Project

Cost

Grant

Loan

West Georgia College__________________________ -------IGirls Dormitory Annex including 6 faculty

Apts. ____________________________________________________________ $ 48,800.00$ 13,143.00 $ 35,657.00

Remodeled Dining HalL________________________________

1~~7 00.00

4,224.00 11,476.00

$ 64,500.00$ 17,367.00 $ 47,133.00

North Georgia College_______ ________________ Georgia Southwestern College________
1:>0 Ga. Nor. and Agri. College__________________

Girls' Dormitory and Dining Hall_______

$ 83,000.00$ 22,137.00 $ 60,863.00

Boys' Dormitory______________________ ___________________ $ 59,900.00 14,900.00 45,000.00

Girls' Dormitory__________________________________________ $ 59,900.00 13,900.00 46,000.00

"' Abraham Baldwin Agri. College_______

3 Faculty Cottages_________________________________ _____ $ 17,400.00

Boys' Dormitory ___________________________________________ _ 42,300.00

Dining Hall________________________ ----------------------- _______

- n~,.100.00

4,677.00 11,403.00 6,228.00

12,723.00 30,897.00 16,811!.00

$ 82,800.00 $ 22,308.00$ 60,492.00

South Georgia State College____________ -------!Gymnasium______________________________________________________ $ 40,000.00$ 9,000.00$ 31,000.00

Georgia State Woman's College ________________ Girls' Dormitory___________________________ ------------------ $ 78,800.00$ 21,717.00$ 57,083.00

Gymnasium and Swimming PooL ____ _

16,200.00

3,624.00 12,576.00

$ 95,000.00$ 25,341.00$ 69,659.00

Ga. State Industrial College______________ South Georgia Teachers College

Dormitory_______________________________________ ___________ $ 49,100.00$ 11,100.00$ 38,000.00 Boys' Dormitory, inc. faculty Apts. ______________ $ 130,600.00 $ 30,600.00 $ 100,000.00

Middle Georgia College

______________ Faculty Duplex ___ _______ _____________________ _____ _ $ Dormitory Completion____________________________________
$

10,900.00 ~'0\~R,~000.001------------------------
41:S,';I00.00i$ 11,900.001$

37,000.00

EXHIBIT B. UNIVERSITY SYSTEM OF GEORGIA
PWA BUILDING PROGRAM.

Institution

Project

Cost

Grant

Loan

Georgia State College for Women.............. IGymnasium...........-------------1$ 145,800.00~----~--------- Faculty Apartments...------ 115,000.00 ----- --------

$ 260,800.00 $ 60,800.00 $ 200,000.00

University of Georgia.................................. IGirls' Dormitory and Dining Hall (Co-

~

ordinate College)------------------1$ 170,300.00 $ 45,735.00 $ 124,565.00 Boys' Dormitory and Dining HalL...---- 305,900.00 82,134.00 223,766.00

Girls' Dormitory (Agricultural College

Campus)------ Armory-Gymnasium...------ I

106,300.00 -?Q--QQ- OO.OO

28,530.00 77,770.00 80,349.00 219,55~00

l $
Georgia School of Technology.................... IGymnasium............................-------1$ Faculty Apts.................................................

882,400.00 $ 198,600.00 $

236,748.00 $ 53,247.00 $

645,652.00 145,353.00

g~~~~:~:-;~~~-;:::;~:~~~~~;::~~~:~~=::::::::::::: 356,500.00 85,161.00 271,339.00 ---

$ 555,100.00 $ 138,408.00 $ 416,692.00

Evening School and General Extension.... !Office and Classroom Structure.................... I$ 275,000.00 $ 57,198.00 $ 217,802.00

~OTALS............................................ I............................................................................ I$ 2,687,000.001$ 671,707.001$2,015,293.00

. . EXHIBIT C.
SUMMARY OF ACTIVITIES
MILTON COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT PROJECT
I. LIVESTOCK PROJECT.
(a) Pure Bred Hogs:
Eight pure bred gilts and two pure bred boars of Poland China and Duroc breed were placed with 4-H Club boys during the fall and winter of 1932-1933 by our County Agent. These pure bred hogs are to be used in developing foundation stock for the farm herds in the Milton Community.
This project has made a substantial growth but has been slow in development due to low price of hogs and lack of hog pastures and buildings sufficient for hog raising. We feel like with the increase in price recently that this project will grow rapidly in the next few years.
The interest started in pure bred hogs in the Milton Community spread throughout the county, and forty-four more pure bred gilts and two pure bred boars were placed with club boys in other communities in Fulton County. This has caused a considerable increase of good hogs in the farm herds of Fulton County.
(b) Bull Association:
Three pure bred Jersey bulls of exceptionally good breeding (out of cows producing over six hundred pounds of butter fat in a three hundred and sixty-five day test period) were placed with three leading live stock farmers in the Milton Community at places convenient for all the farmers in this community who care to grade up their farm herd of cows. Since the placement of these bulls in the community, several pure bred cows and heifers were purchased, which will be used as foundation stock to build up good herds of dairy cattle. This interest is . growing slowly but steadily, and we think that with improvement of market conditions and improvement of permanent pastures this work will progress more rapidly in the future.
(c) Mule Colt:
Around the first of 1934, interest was aroused in the raising of mule colts for farm use in the Milton Community. This was probably due largely to the great need of good work stock and the high price of mules at that time; also the fact that good breeding mares could be bought for much less than mules. These mares can do good farm work and also raise large work mules, thus serving two purposes.
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This project has probably created more interest than any other project started, and we have high hop~s of it's success.
To begin with, one pure bred Spanish jack and twenty draft type mares were purchased by farmers in the community. Later, other breeding mares were purchased, and at the present date we have thirtytwo mares in the community.
The interest in this project has spread to other parts of the county, and many requests are coming in to place a good jack in South Fulton County. Some are already replacing old worn out mules with good brood mares with hopes that this project will be extended to that section.
The county has purchased eleven brood mares to be placed on the county farms. They are going to follow the same program as used in the Milton Community.
II. SOIL ANALYSIS SURVEY PROJECT.
The Extension Division of the Georgia State College of Agriculture sent Mr. M. W. Lowry, Agronomist and Soil Specialist, to the Milton Community to make a reconnaissance soil survey, giving the different types of soil and recommending crops best suited for the various types. This information has been passed out to farmers desiring same and is being used by them to many good advantages.
Ill. TERRACING PROJECT.
This project was started in the fall of 1932, but due to unfavorable weather conditions not much was accomplished until 1933 and 1934. However, this project has been gaining interest rapidly since then, and ten terracing demonstrations with mule power and Martin ditcher have been conducted in the Milton Community by our County Agent with an attendance of four hundred and fifty adult farmers. These demonstrations have created lots of interest and, from this experience with a mule drawn outfit, we have found that even though they were successful in building a good terrace. the large tractor terracing outfit would do much better work, save considerable time and is more efficient and economical. We, the committee, have recommended that plans be worked out to buy a large tractor terracing outfit. These plans are about complete and we expect to get an outfit the first of next year (1935).
Due to the agitation in the Milton Community, the South Fulton Community are making similar plans.
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. . IV. WINTER LEGUME COVER CROP PROJECT. Previous to the fall of 1932, very little interest had been shown in winter cover crops. By putting on a special campaign that fall, two and one half tons of Austrian peas and Vetch seed were planted over two hundred acres of land. Since that fall, this project has grown to around six hundred acres. Most all of this will be turned under in the spring and followed with corn. By experience, they haYe found that a good cover crop of Austrian peas or Vetch turned under and followed with corn would increase their yield of corn around one hundred per cent without any increase in commercial fertilizer; besides, adding to the soil large amounts of humus.
V. GASTA WHEAT PROJECT.
This project was started in the fall of 1932. Ninety bushels of Gasta wheat were planted, which made a very high yield, averagmg from five to ten per cent higher than other Yarieties.
This project has grown considerably. This fall there will be approximately five hundred bushels planted in the Milton Community, and probably that much or a little more in other communities in the county. This variety of wheat has proven itself well adapted to this section, and the production of it will continue to increase to take the place of other varieties.
VI. IMPROVEMENT OF HOME ORCHARD PROJECT.
Demonstrations haYe been conducted in each section of the Milton Community on pruning, spraying and care of home orchards by our County Agent. Circular letters haYe also been mailed to practically every farmer in the community having a home orchard, suggesting a spraying schedule to follow throughout each year. This educational work has created a noticeable interest in the care of home orchards in that community.
VII. 4H CLUB PROJECT.
There had been some interest started in 4H Club work in the Milton Community prior to the starting of the Milton Community Development project. The enrollment then was one hundred club members. This project has grown until there are two hundred and fifty enrolled members in the community, and the largest 4H Club in the county is at the Milton High School located in the center of this community. This club has an enrollment of ninety members and they are doing some very outstanding work.
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In the spring of 1933, the club enrollment for the county had grown to five hundred and fifty-four members. This increase in enrollment was due.to the interest and good work started by club members in the Milton Community.
The County Agent placed with the one hundred and ten Corn Club members throughout the county a gallon of pure certified seed corn to plant their club acre. Some of this corn went to every community in the county, and we feel that this foundation of seed corn on the farms has increased the yield of corn considerably and will continue to do so in the future.
The majority of the first and second prizes given for 4-H Club exhibits at the Southeastern Fair were won by boys and girls from the Milton Community, which is again proof of the high type of boys and girls in that community and the enthusiasm shown.
A 4-H Club camp was arranged each year for the 4-H Club members in the county, and with the three camps we have conducted twothirds to three-fourths of the boys and girls attending came from the Milton Community.
VIII. FORAGE CROP PROJECT.
(a) Soy Beans:
Twelve result demonstrations were started with two new varieties of soy beans in the Milton Community in the spring of 1933. These new varieties were developed by the Experiment Station at Experiment, Georgia, and are named Doxi and Gala. They proved to be good yielders of seed and make a fair quality of hay. There has not been enough progress made yet with this variety to determine it's value.
(b) Lespedeza:
Two new varieties of lespedeza were introduced into Milton Com munity in the spring of 1933. They are Korean and Sericea. The Sericea variety, due to high price of seed, has not been increased in production very much. There is a possibility of it becoming a good crop if seed prices are reduced to where it would be a paying crop. However, the Korean variety has made a very rapid increase in planting. In the spring of 1934 three thousand pounds of Korean lespedeza were planted in the Milton Community and we feel that next year there will be a continued increase in plantings.
IX. VOCATIONAL TEACHERS TRAINING PROJECT.
The vocational teacher in the Milton Community has been holding evening classes for adult farmers during two seasons of the year; late
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.summer and during the winter. At these evening classes, information on new crops, new methods of farming, seed treatment, grading and packing of farm produce and many other topics of interest are given.
Mr. Elkins has also developed a very large class of vocational students, and has enrolled a large number in the Future Farmer Club. These Future Farmer Club members have been conducting several different kinds of projects similar to the 4-H Club, and the one probably creating the most interest is the Forestry Project. The interest aroused by this project among the boys has spread to a good number of adult farmers. The care of the farm wood lot is beginning to be noticeable in that community as a result of Mr. Elkins' forestry work.
X. POULTRY PROJECT.
There has been but very little interest developed in poultry other than better care of the small farm flocks. Through fifteen poultry culling demonstrations given by the County Agent, some interest has been created on home flock improvement to increase egg production.
Also through the County Agent's office, a large number of bulletins on culling, mixing of poultry rations, poultry diseases, control of poultry insect pests and incubation and brooding of chicks, have been distributed.
XI. COMMUNITY CANNING PLANT PROJECT.
In the summer of 1933, a community canning center was organized around Crabapple, and a very nice canning plant built and equippeds They operated for a short time in the fall of 1933, canning mostly meat. and had real good success. Other equipment was added to the plant in the spring of 1934, and it is continuing to operate successfully.
This good work has grown considerably this year throughout other sections of the county, and we understand there are five canning plants operating throughout the county. They are modern equipped plants and, through the assistance of the County Agent and Home Demonstration Agent, they are doing very efficient work and are kept busy most of the time during the canning season.
XII. STATE BOARD OF HEALTH PROJECT.
The State Board of Health has completed their physical examination of the school children in the Milton Community. Reports were given on each case and where medical attention was needed prescriptions and advice were given. In a good many cases where families could not finance medical treatment some way was provided where they could obtain these services free of charge.
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A number of clinics have been held in this community to make tests for malaria, hook-worni and typho':'d. Where the tests showed up positive, medicine was furnished to treat these cases. Typhoid and diphtheria inoculations were given to all who desired such treatment.
In cooperation with the County Engineering Department, the ditching of big creeks was started, which will drain a tremendous amount of swamp section infested with the malaria mosquito, which has caused all the communities within two miles of the swamp to be infected with malaria. This is a very important step to correct the health conditions in this community.
XIII. STATE DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE.
The State Veterinarian conducted a campaign in 1933 to rid the Milton Community of tuberculosis in cattle. This work was finished in the fall of 1933, and the County Agent was given a certified copy of the tuberculosis eradication work in this community.
XIV. STATE FORESTRY PROJECT.
A strip survey was made by the State Forestry Department under the direction of Mr. L. F. Lufburrow. A detail map was made showing all forest regions and all submarginal lands. Recommendations were made as to trees this submarginal land should be planted in to produce a money crop and to prevent soil erosion. These recommendations can be had by any farmer desiring same from the State Forestry Department.
A few farmers are taking some interest in this, and with the assistance of the vocational teacher are doing some very outstanding work in the planting of more trees and the care of the original farm wood lot.
XV. HOME DEMONSTRATION CLUB PROJECT.
Through the efforts of Miss \Vard, the Home Demonstration Agent, five adult women's clubs have been organized in the Milton Community and they are cooperating with her wonderfully in rearranging and remodeling the interior of the farm home to make it more convenient and more attractive. Also some attention has been given to landscape gardening around the farm home and the painting of the farm home. We believe that this project is one of the most important projects being developed because where there is pride and attractiveness in the farm homes of a community, there is sure to be a happy and prosperous community.
Through some of the interest created in the Milton Community, Miss Ward has been able to organize eleven other women's clubs over
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the county. The county org.anization ofJhese clubs is called the Fulton County Home Demonstration Council and Mrs. Troy Rucker who lives in Milton Community is President of the County Council.
The girls' 4-H Club members and the women's club members took a very active part in the Clothing and Canning Exhibits at the Southeastern fair this year. A girl from the Milton Community won first prize in the county on her clothing exhibit and also first prize in her district at the State Meet. The women's clubs of Fulton County have asked the Fair Association to be allowed to enter community exhibits in competition at the fair in 1935. We feel that this is a good move and are expecting Milton Community to be awarded the first prize.

We, the Milton Community Development Committee render the above report of activities accomplished in our community up to the present date. We are very proud of the results and we want to commend the good people of this community for their efforts and cooperation with the Georgia Agricultural Extension Department through our County Agent, Mr. Truitt, and our Home Demonstration Agent, Miss Opal Ward, and their assistants, also the various state departments who have rendered their very efficient services.

R. C. NESBIT, Chairman
I. N. THoMPSON,
J. H. MANNING,

J. J. RucKER,
W. D. RucKER, E. L. RHODES.

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