Thirty-second report of the State Highway Department of Georgia to the Governor and General Assembly of the State of Georgia for the fiscal years ending June 30, 1967, and June 30, 1968 [1968]

Thirty-Second Report
OF THE
State Highway Department
OF GEORGIA TO THE
Governor and General Assembly of the State of Georgia
FOR THE FISCAL YEARS ENDING JUNE 30, 1967, AND JUNE 30, 1968

I n terstat e highway service to L ockh eed aircraft plant and Dobb ins Ail' F orce Base, in Cobb County, was improved throu q li the c01nlJletion of a 5-m ile segment of 1-75 and [our-lanin q of ove r a mile of Delk Road,

Thirty-Second Report, State Highway Department of Georgia

1

Letter of Transmittal
Atlanta, Georgia November 20, 1968
Honorable Lester G. Maddox, Governor and
Members of the General Assembly State of Georgia Atlanta, Georgia
Gentlemen:
It is our pleasure to submit for your consideration the thirtysecond report of the State Highway Department of Georgia, covering the activities of the Department for the fiscal years ending June 30, 1967, and June 30, 1968.
The report contains information on the organization, functions, operations, and accomplishments of the State Highway Department, and also includes a complete statement prepared by the Secretary and Treasurer of the Department covering all revenues and expenditures during the biennium.
Respectfully submitted,
STATE HIGHWAY DEPARTMENT OF GEORGIA
JIM L. GILLIS, SR., Director

2

Thirty-Second Report, State Highway Department of Georgia

CONTENTS

Page No.

Letter of Transmittal

1

Organization Personnel

6

History of the Organization of the Highway Department

9

Members of State Highway Board, 1963-1968

13

Director of the State Highway Department

15

Office of State Highway Engineer

17

U. S. Bureau of Public Roads

19

The Federal-aid Highway Program

21

Highway Systems

27

Measurement and Record of Public Roads

43

Georgia Highway Authority

48

State Toll Bridge Authority

50

Legal Division

52

Public Information Section

----________________________________________________ 56

Personnel Division

60

Division of Surveys and Aerial Mapping

67

Division of Road Design

70

Division of Urban Design

77

Division of Bridges

81

Division of Right-of-Way

85

Division of Utilities

93

Division of Contracts and Estimates

96

Division of Construction

107

Division of Materials and Tests Division of Maintenance

. 111 116

Division of Traffic Engineering and Safety

131

Field Divisions

.______________________________________

135

Division of Highway Planning

141

Division of Finance and Audits

_

152

Members of State Highway Commission, 1916-1919

180

Members of State Highway Board, 1919-1943

181

Members of State Highway Commission, 1943-1950

182

State Highway Directors, 1943-1950

184

Members of State Highway Board, 1950-1963

185

State Highway Engineers, 1918-1968

186

Thirty-Second Report, State Highway Department of Georgia

3

TABLES

Page No.

Mileage of State Highway System, by Type of Surface, 1966-1968........ 16

Mileage of Highways, by Systems

.

__..__ _............. 34

Mileage of Highways, by Type of Surface

_................... 35

Mileage of State Highway System, 1920-1968

__

_ -86

Mileage of State Highway System and County Roads, by Counties..... 38

Motor Fuel Used for Highway Purposes, 1925-1967

44

Motor-Vehicle Registrations, 1910-1967 .._..................................................... 46

Contracts Awarded, by Type of Construction, 1967

_

100

Contracts Awarded, by Type of Construction, 1968 __

103

Map of the Six Field Divisions .__ __. ..__ __

136

Cost of Construction of Roads and Bridges, 1916-1968 ..

150

Financial Statements for Fiscal Year Ending June 30, 1967

158

Financial Statements for Fiscal Year Ending June 30, 1968

170

4

Thirty-Second Report, State Highway Department of Georgia

State Highway Board
June 30, 1968

Congressional District First Second Third Fourth Fifth Sixth Seventh Eighth Ninth Tenth

JESSE C. PALMER, SR. HUGH D. BROOME CLARKE W. DUNCAN A. J. EMBRY ALEX W. SMITH REGINALD TRICE, Chairman N. N. BURNES, JR., Vice-Chairman DOWNING MUSGROVE LOYD F. STRICKLAND D. DOUGLAS BARNARD, JR.

Thirty-Second Report, State Highway Department of Georgia

5

Director
JIM L. GILLIS, SR.

State Highway Engineer
H. H. HUCKEBA
Secretary and Treasurer w. M. WILLIAMS

6

Thirty-Second Report, State Highway Department of Georgia

STATE HIGHWAY DEPARTMENT Organization Personnel September 1, 1968

JIM L. GILLIS, SR., Director EMORY C. PARRISH, Executive Assistant Director W. M. WILLIAMS, Secretary and Treasurer H. H. HUCKEBA, State Highway Engineer W. B. BRANTLEY, Assistant State Highway Engineer J. A. KENNEDY, Assistant State Highway Engineer JOHN M. WILKERSON, Assistant State Highway Engineer-
Federal J. O. BACON, State Highway Maintenance Engineer CHARLES H. BREEDLOVE, State Highway Construction
Engineer JOE E. BROWN, State Highway Right-of-Way Engineer RUSSELL L. CHAPMAN, JR., State Highway Bridge Engineer WILLIAM S. DERRICK, State Highway Traffic and Safety
Engineer T. R. LEDFORD, Chief, Public Information Section W. W. MacDOUGALL, Personnel Director THOMAS O. MORELAND, State Highway Materials Engineer LEWIS E. PARKER, State Highway Urban Engineer HAL RIVES, State Road Design Engineer S. H. SLADE, State Highway Office Engineer G. M. SPRUILL, JR., State Highway Finance Officer J. Y. STRIBLING, State Highway Location Engineer ROSCOE C. TATE, State Highway Utilities Engineer LELAND S. VEAL, State Highway Planning Engineer

FIELD DIVISION ENGINEERS
ALBERT S. MOSELY, Division No.1, Gainesville EARL L. TYRE, Division No.2, Tennille JOHN W. WADE, Division No.3, Thomaston EARL OLSON, Division No.4, Tifton AUVERGNE d'ANTIGNAC, Division No.5, Jesup MARK M. JOHNSON, Division No.6, Cartersville

State Highway Department of Georgia Organization Chart
1969

STATE HIGHWAY DEPARTMENT OF GEORGIA ORGANIZATION CHART

MARCH 1,1969

I

PEOPLE

I

.--l

GOVERNOR

I

ATTORNEY GENERAL

II

1 ASSISTANT ATTORNEYS GENERAL

STATE BUDGET OFFICER

ISTATESUPERVISOROF PURCHASES I I GEORGIA HIGHWAY AUTHORITY

I

STATE HIGHWAY BOARD
TEN MEMBERS

I

I

DIRECTOR

I

I GENERAL ASSEMBLY

I

EXECUTIVE ASSISTANT DIRECTOR

I

I

CHIEF,PUBLICINFORMATION SECTION

I

I

STATE PERSONNEL BOARD

I DIVISION OF HIGHWAY PLANNING
CIVIL ENGINEERS HIGHWAY TECHNtClANS
CARTOGRAPHIC DlW'TSMD
DRAFTSMEN

DMSKIN OF PERSONNEL

I

STATEHIGHWAY ENGINEER

I

I I SEFIlETARY - T"EASURE"
~. "NANCE OFI'IC!"
A8ST. FINANCE of-FlCERS ACCOUNTANTS
DIll OF DaTA PROCESSIN8

I

I

A!!SISTANT STATE HIGHWAY ENGINEER-FEDERAL

I

I

ASSISTANT STATE HIGHWAY ENGINEER-ADMINISTRATIVE

I

ATEIDIM1ASIlO;N,~O.F~S~ TS

: HW" M

E

I
DIVISION Of
st :~R~::NGR.

DIVISION OF SURVEYS
I ~~...~~~rr:~~R.

DIVlSION OF ROADDESIGN
sr, ROAD 0"''''' ENGA.

DIVISION OF BRIDGES
ST. HWY.BIl'OGE ENGA.

DMKIN OF CONS:::i "T

ASST.STATEN. . . . tATERIALS EN81NEERS
CIVIL ENGINEERS

ASST.STATE HIGHWAY URIAN ENGINEER
ROAD DESIGN ENGINEERS ROAD DEStGNERS DRAFTSMEN

ASST. STATE HIGHWAY LOCATION ENGINEER
HIGHWAY ENGINEERS
jPtcrooRAPHIC TEC_'ONS
AIRCRAFT PILOT DRAFTSMEN

CIVIL ENGINEERS
LANDSCAPE ARCHITECT
~ RECORDS TECHNICIAN
DRAFTSMEN

ASST. STATE HIGHWAY BRIDGE ENGINEERS
H1GtMaY BRtDGE ENGINEERS BRIDGE DESIGNERS DRAFTSMEN

ASST. STATE HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERS
HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERS

I

ASSISTANT STATE . . . . .Y ENGINEER-GENERAL

]

r

PR[QUALlFICATION COMMITTEE

I

DIVISION Of'
~ER AND TRAtMNG DtRECTOR OF M 8 T

~f-" ST. HWY,. S:F1:CE'D~:.U

DIYlstON OF RIGHT:::! ST.HWY. AIGHT-oF..-v

DIVISION. OF UTILITIES ST.HWY. UTILITIES ENGR

DIVISION OF MAINTENANCE ST. HWY.MAlNT.ENGR.

DIVISIONOF TRAFFIC
ENGINEERING AND SAFETY
0T. HWV rss ENGA.

MANPOWER ANALYST TRAINING OFFICER
Ell'l.OYIIENT COUIaELOR

ASST. STATEHIGHWAY OFFICE ENGINEER
....... OFFICE ENGINEI!ft
PRINCIPAL CONTRACT ENGINEER

ASSISTANT RtGHT-OF'--'V EN8INEER-QVIL
CIVIL ENGINEERS APPRAISERS RIW AGENTS

ASST. STATEHIBHWlY UTLITIES ENGINEER
CIVIL ENGINEERS UTILITIES TECHNICIANS

ASST. STATEHIGHWAY MAINTENANCE ENGINEERS
CIVIL ENGINEERS RADIOENGINEER PROPERTY AND CONTROL
OFFICER

CIVIL ENGINEERS
Inwn: SAFETY ENlllNEERS
TRAfFIC ENGINEERING TECHNIC"'NS
DRAFTSMEN

I ADMINISTRATIVE SECTION FIELD DIVlSKlN ADMINISTRATIVE OFFtCER
ACCOUNTANTS PERSONNEL ASSISTANTS
STOREKEEPERS ACCOUNTING CLERKS ... - ICATING MACH. -AJOR

I SIX FIELDDIVISIONS
SIX FIELD DIVISION [N8INEERS

I

SURVEYS AND PLANS ASSISTANT FIELD DIVISION ENGINEER

I

I

I II RIGHT-of-WAY ASSISTANT FIELDDIVlSKlN ENGINEER

CONSTRUCTION ASSISTANT FIELD DIVISION ENGINEERS

I r OFFICE ENGINEER ASSISTANT FIELD DIVISION ENGINEER

I

r MAINTENANCE ASSISTANT FIELD DIVISION ENGINEER

I

LDCA~i; RESIDENT

ENGRS.

.-..wAY

ENGRS.

ENGINEE

S

I I SECONDARY ROAD PLANS SENIOR ROAD DESIGNER DRAFTSMEN

FIELDHtGHWilY ENGINEER RESIDENT HIGHWAY ENGRS. R!GHT-()f-WAY APPRAISERS
RIGHT-Of-WAY AGENTS DRAFTSMEN
ENGINEERING CLERKS

C'IELD HIGHWAY ENGINEER
=:=T,:-='
MATERIALS TEST ENGftS. MATt ......LS TEST TECHS.
ENGINEERING AIDES

ENGINEER1N8 AUDITOfIlS ACCOUNTANTS . CLERICAL

I

HIGHWAY

II

MAINTENANCE ASSISTANTS

DIVISION SHOPS

I

IIAINT. PATROL SECTS.

SPECIAL MAINT. OUTFITS

FOREMEN EOUIPMENT OPERATORS
SKtLLEDLABOR COMMOtI ViSOR

SUPERINTENDENTS EOUIPMENT OPERATORS
SKILLED LABOR COlI_LA.....

Sidewalk COllstnlctioll l111dc/'l call 011 th e approaches to t h e n cw bridqc ov c/' Sea board Co as t L ine R ailroad ill W a y cr oss , Proj ec t S V -1.1' 14 (J ) W a re
Cou u t n.

In terchange of In t ersta te H ighwa ys 16 and 75, in Bibb Couutu.

Thirty-Second Report, State Highway Department of Georgia

9

History of the Organization of the
Highway Department
The State Highway Department of Georgia was created by Act of the General Assembly, August 16, 1916, and a Highway Commission was appointed. This Commission was composed of three members of the Prison Commission, together with the State Geologist, the Dean of the College of Civil Engineering of the University of Georgia, and the Professor of Highway Engineering at the Georgia School of Technology. This Commission served until the reorganization of the Highway Department by Act of the General Assembly, approved August 18, 1919.
State Highway Board Created in 1919
The Act of 1919 provided that the State Highway Department of Georgia, reorganized and reconstructed, should be managed and controlled by the State Highway Board, which should consist of three members appointed by the Governor, one from each of the three divisions of the State. The boundaries of each division were set out. The term of office of initial appointees was to be two, four and six years, respectively, after which each new member was to serve six years. The members received compensation on a daily basis while engaged in the performance of their duties.
New Highway Board Created in 1937
By an Act of the General Assembly approved March 3, 1937, the State Highway Board was abolished and the terms and tenure of office of the members were terminated. Another Act was passed and approved on the same day, creating a new State Highway Board to consist of three members to be appointed by the Governor and confirmed by the Senate. The members were to be selected from different sections of the State and the first three appointments were for terms of two, four and six years, respectively, after which the terms were to be for six years. From the beginning, the Chairman was a full-time officer, and an Act of the General Assembly, approved February 16, 1938, provided that the other two members should also devote their full time to the performance of the duties of their office.

10

Thirty-Second Report, State Highway Department of Georgia

Another Highway Board Created in 1941
The Act of March 3, 1937, was repealed and the terms of office of the members of the State Highway Board were terminated by an Act of the General Assembly approved January 30, 1941. The latter Act provided that the State Highway Department should be managed and controlled by a State Highway Board composed of a Chairman and two members, to be appointed by the Governor from different sections of the State. The members were to serve during the term of the Governor by whom they were appointed. The Chairman was a full-time officer and the Act provided that the other two members should receive compensation on a daily basis while engaged in the performance of their duties.

Reorganization of 1943
The General Assembly of 1943 passed an Act, approved March 17, 1943, repealing the Act of January 30, 1941, and abolishing the State Highway Board. The 1943 Act provided that the State Highway Department should be managed and controlled by a State Highway Director, and created a State Highway Commission as an advisory body with whom the State Highway Director should from time to time consult regarding the administration of the affairs of the State Highway Department. The Act also created the office of Treasurer of the State Highway Department. All of these officers were appointed by the Governor and confirmed by the Senate. The State Highway Director and Treasurer of the State Highway Department were full-time officers and served at the pleasure of the Governor. The part-time State Highway Commissioners were appointed for a term of four years, to be concurrent with the term of the Governor. One Commissioner was appointed from each of the ten Congressional Districts and two from the State at large. One member of the State Highway Commission was designated by the Governor to be Chairman, one member was designated as Vice-Chairman and another as Secretary.

Reorganization of 1950
The Act of March 17, 1943, was repealed by an Act of the General Assembly, approved February 2, 1950 (Act No. 536, Georgia Laws 1950, pp. 62-72) and a further reorganization of the State Highway Department was effected. The 1950 Act

Thirty-Second Report, State Highway Department of Georgia

11

abolished the State Highway Commission and the position of the State Highway Director, and created a State Highway Board, composed of three members, who were full-time officers. The members were elected by the General Assembly; one from the Southern Highway District, composed of the First, Second and Eighth Congressional Districts; one from the Central Highway District, composed of the Third, Fourth, Sixth and Tenth Congressional Districts; and one from the Northern Highway District, composed of the Fifth, Seventh and Ninth Congressional Districts. By an Act approved March 25, 1958, the counties of Elbert, Franklin, Hart and Madison, in the Tenth Congressional District, were removed from the Central Highway District and placed in the Northern Highway District.

Present State Highway Board
The 1950 Act was amended by an Act of the General Assembly, approved January 25, 1963 (Act No.1, Georgia Laws 1963, pp. 3-10). This amendment provides for a State Highway Board composed of ten members, with a Chairman and Vice-Chairman to be elected by the Board from their own number and to serve at the pleasure of the Board. The Act does not contain any express enumeration of the duties of the Chairman of the Board. The Board shall meet in regular session one day in each month and at such other special meetings as may be called by the Director of the State Highway Department, or a majority of the members of the Board from time to time.
The State Highway Board is composed of one member from each of the ten Congressional Districts. The initial appointment of members of the Board was made by the Governor in April 1963 from the Congressional Districts as they existed at that time. Two members each were appointed for terms of one, two, three, four and five years. The two members whose terms expired in 1964 were reappointed by the Governor for five-year terms. Beginning in 1965, the member of the Board from each Congressional District shall be elected for a five-year term by a majority vote of the members of the House of Representatives and Senate from the counties and Senatorial Districts, embraced or partially embraced within such Congressional District, meeting in caucus.

12

Thirty-Second Report, State Highway Department of Georgia

Director of State Highway Department
The 1963 Amendment (Act No.1, Georgia Laws 1963, pp. 310) created the office of Director of the State Highway Department, who shall be a full-time official of the State and who shall be the chief administrative officer of the State Highway Department, and who shall possess and exercise all power and authority of the State Highway Board delegated to him by said Board when it is not in regular or called sessions, and shall have full authority to execute contracts and all other undertakings. The Director shall have custody, control and supervision of the expenditures of all State Highway funds. He also is authorized to employ such personnel as he deems necessary to carryon the operation of the State Highway Department. The State Highway Board has the power and authority to formulate broad highway policy and the Director has power and authority over the operations of the State Highway Department.
The first Director of the State Highway Department under the 1963 Act was appointed by the Governor to serve at the pleasure of the Governor. Beginning in 1967, the Director shall be elected by a majority vote of the members of the State Highway Board present and voting, and shall serve for a term of four years and until his successor is elected by the Board and qualified.
The aforementioned Act No.1, approved January 25, 1963, amended Code Section 95-1503, so that said section provides that:
"The State Highway Department shall consist of the State Highway Board, the Director of the State Highway Department and such subordinate employees including the chief engineer and other assistants as may be deemed necessary by the Director."

Names of Members
Tabulations included in the last section of this report show the members of the original State Highway Commission, the appointments to the State Highway Board under the Acts of 1919, 1937 and 1941, the State Highway Directors and State Highway Commissions appointed under the Act of 1943, and the members elected to the State Highway Board under the Act of 1950. A list of the members of the State Highway Board appointed and elected under the Act of 1963 appears on the following page.

Members of State Highway Board of Georgia

1963 -1968

Name of Member

Congressional District

County

Term Began

, Term Ends

Remarks

L. C. Jesse

McClurkin __________________ C. Palmer, Sr. ____________

Hugh Hugh

D. D.

Broome _______________ Broome________________

Clarke W. Duncan ____________

JAARCRo..olohabbJJrneek..rrettREE.mmHHW..bHb. rriWWyynD__e_hh_u_s__ii_n___tt____ece_____a________n_____________________________________________________________________________

Alex W. Reginald
Reginald

Smith __________________ Trice________________ Trice_________________

N. N. E. E.

N. N. J. J.

Burnes, Burnes, Gayner,
Gayner,

Jr. ________________ Jr. ________________ III ________________ 111...____________

Downing Musgrove____________

Willis N. Harden ________________

FFiirrsstt _-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_Second -------------.------------Second -------------------------Third -----------------------------Third -----------------------------Fourth ------------------------Fourth --------.---------------Fourth --------------------------Fifth --_. ---.-----------------Fifth ------------------------Fifth ----------------------------Sixth ------------------------Sixth ------------------Seventh ------------------------Seventh -------------------Eighth ------------------------Eighth -------------------------Eighth -----------------------Ninth -----------------------------

Chatham -------------Burke ---------------Seminole .------------Seminole .------------Marion .-------------Marion .-------------Troup -------.---------DeKalb ---------------DeKalb ---------------Fulton ---------.--------
Fulton ------
Fulton -----------------Bibb ---------------------Bibb ---------------------Floyd -----------------Floyd -------------------GGllyynnnn -_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-__-
Clinch -----------------Jackson ---------------

April 16, 1963 ---April 16, 1968 __ April 16, 1963 .--April 16, 1968 ---April 16, 1963 ---April 16, 1967 ---April 16, 1963 ---July 12, 1965 April 16, 1967 ______
April 16. 1963 .-.April 16, 1966 ---Jan. 17, 1968 -----April 16, 1963 ---April 16, 1966 --April 16, 1963 -April 16, 1965 ---April 16, 1963 ---April 16, 1965 ---May 15, 1968 ._-_. April 16, 1963 ----

April 16, 1968 .-_. April 15. 1973 .--April 16, 1968 ---April 15, 1973 .--April 16, 1967 --April 15, 1972 ---July 8, 1965 -------April 16, 1967 -_.April 15, 1972 -_." April 16, 1966 --Jan. 8. 1968 April 15, 1971 --April 16, 1966 ---April 15, 1971 ---April 16, 1965 ---April 15, 1970 ---April 16, 1965 --_. April 30, 1968 ---April 15, 1970 ----
Feb. 16. 1964 ------

Reelected
Reelected
Resigned Reelected
Reelected Resigned
Chairman, Reelected Chairman V-Chrm., Reelected Vice-Chairman Reelected Resigned
Resigned

Loyd F. Strickland____________ Ninth Loyd F. Strickland____________ Ninth George A. Sancken, Sr.____ Tenth George A. Sancken, Sr.____ Tenth D. Douglas Barnard, Jr. ____ Tenth

------------------------------ Hall --------------------- Feb. 18, 1964 ------

H a l l A p r i l ~----------------------------

----------------------

------------------------------ Richmond ------------ April

16, 16,

11996643 ._-_-_-_

--------------------------- Richmond -------------------------- Richmond

------------
------------

DAepcr.il301,6,1916966_4____-_-_--_

April 16, 1964 ---April 16, 1969 ---April 16, 1964 ---Dec. 30, 1966 -----April 16, 1969 ----

Reappointed
Reappointed Resigned

Th e constrllction of si:\' lan es of a s -m ile section of l nt eretat c H ig hw a ys 7.5 and 85 and a n cw major interchuntt e for th e L ak ew ood F'reeuuuj pl'ovided in cl'cus ed capac it. n und sufcr flo w of traffic to th ese k cy urtcriesin sout h. A tlauta ,

Thirty-Second Report, State Highway Department of Georgia

15

Director of the
State Highway Department
JIM L. GILLIS, SR., Director
EMORY c. PARRISH, Executive Assistant Director
The Director is the chief administrative officer of the State Highway Department. The present Director was appointed by the Governor on April 16, 1963 and on December 15, 1966, was elected by the State Highway Board for a four-year term. The Director has power and authority over the operations of the Highway Department. He executes all contracts, approves the employment of personnel, and authorizes the expenditure of funds.
The Executive Assistant Director assists the Director in the performance of his administrative duties; acts for the Director in his absence; and assists the Director in carrying out the policies of the State Highway Board.
Contracts Awarded
During this biennium, contracts were awarded by the State Highway Department for the improvement of 4,056 miles of roadway and the construction of 323 bridges and 83 underpasses, at a total cost of over $212 million. The roadway improvements included 2,174 miles of bituminous surfacing and 94 miles of concrete pavement. The total length of the bridges was 7.5 miles. A statement is presented elsewhere in this report which shows the mileage of each type of work and the total cost of projects let to contract for each class of funds.
State Highway System
Act No. 536 of the General Assembly, approved February 2, 1950, as amended, grants authority to the Director of the State Highway Department to substitute, relocate, and abandon any part of the State Highway System in building new roads or bridges, or in improving roads or bridges on the State Highway System, keeping in view only the control points.

16

Thirty-Second Report, State Highway Department of Georgia

During the fiscal year ending June 30, 1967, the mileage of the State Highway System was increased by 164.46 miles and during the year ending June 30,1968, the System was increased by 156.36 miles.
The mileage of the State Highway System as of June 30, 1968, was 17,437.94 miles, of which 17,135.41 miles were paved and 302.53 miles were unpaved. A tabulation of the mileage by type of surface is given below and a statement showing the mileage in each county appears elsewhere in this report. There were 4,526 bridges and grade separation structures on the State Highway System as of June 30, 1968, with a total length of 160.8 miles, which are included in the following tabulation according to the type of surface.

MILEAGE OF STATE HIGHWAY SYSTEM

Type of Surface

June 30, 1966

Graded and Drained _________________ Soil-Surfaced ______________________________ Gravel or Stone __________________________ Low-Type Bituminous ______________
HPoigrthl-aTnydpeCeBmiteunmt iCnoonucsre--t-e----_-_-_-_-_-_ Brick or Block ______________________

212.01
80.01 96.54
3,194.65 12,810.03
721.88 2.00

Total ------------------------------------ 17,117.12

June 30, 1967
197.08 64.82 85.50
3,054.98 13,119.55
757.73 1.92
17,281.58

June 30, 1968
174.41 49.49 78.63
2,828.25 13,481.70
824.22 1.24
17,437.94

Thirty-Second Report, State Highway Department of Georgia

17

Office of State Highway Engineer
H. H. HUCKEBA, State Highway Engineer W. B. BRANTLEY, Assistant State Highway Engineer J. A. KENNEDY, Assistant State Highway Engineer JOHN M. WILKERSON, Assistant State Highway Engineer-
Federal

The State Highway Engineer is the chief engineering officer of the State Highway Department and is responsible directly to the Director. He directs and supervises, through the various division heads and the field division engineers, the location, design, construction, and maintenance of all roads and bridges on the State Highway System, as well as the construction of Post Roads.
His staff includes three Assistant State Highway Engineers. One assistant is assigned administrative and engineering duties pertaining to projects of the Georgia Highway Authority, in addition to his administrative duties with the Highway Department.
One assistant handles the work in connection with contracts for State-aid and Post Roads projects to be constructed with 100 per cent State funds and assists in carrying on the general and routine activities in the office of the State Highway Engineer.
The Assistant State Highway Engineer-Federal is responsible for liaison between all divisions of the State Highway Department and the Bureau of Public Roads on all matters relating to Federal-aid projects. He assists and coordinates the gathering of engineering evidence required by the Attorney General in order to properly defend suits brought against the Department and serves as a witness in such law suits when necessary. He supervises and coordinates the writing of engineering specifications for contract construction projects. He is Chairman of the Prequalifications Committee which administers the rules and regulations established by the State Highway Board governing the prequalification of contractors.

Pre qualification of Contractors
On October 15, 1964, the State Highway Board, in regular session, unanimously approved the Rules and Regulations Gov-

----------------------------

18

Thirty-Second Report, State Highway Department of Georgia

erning the Prequalification. of Contractors and instructed the Department to implement the new system at the June 4, 1965, letting.
The rules approved by the Highway Board provided for a Prequalification Committee consisting of one engineer appointed by the State Highway Engineer, one engineer from the Division of Construction, and one fiscal officer appointed by the Treasurer of the State Highway Department. This committee elects its own chairman and is responsible for all details for administering contractor prequalifications. In addition, a Board of Review was established, consisting of the State Highway Engineer, the State Highway Construction Engineer, and the Treasurer of the State Highway Department. The Board of Review functions as an appeals board to whom the contractors may appeal any decision made by the Prequalification Committee with which they disagree.
The system as established by the rules and regulations gives each contractor an ability factor based on his performance on contract work for the previous three years. This ability factor varies from one to fifteen. The factor multiplied by the contractor's adjusted net worth, as reflected by his certified financia} statement furnished once each year, established the maximum value of work which the contractor may have under contract at anyone time.
The system of prequalification was placed in operation in June 1965 and has been functioning successfully. As the need arose, minor changes have been made in the rules and regulations originally promulgated, with each such revision being individually approved by resolution of the State Highway Board. The system has been effective and has been helpful to both the engineers in the Highway Department and the contractors. There are at present 320 contractors qualified to bid in Georgia highway lettings under these rules and regulations. No bids are accepted from contractors who are not so qualified except on small contracts for minor specialty-type construction, if such exception has been made with the approval of the Highway Board.

Thirty-Second Report, State Highway Department of Georgia

19

u. S. Bureau of Public Roads
The Bureau of Public Roads represents the Federal Government in matters relating to highways. Its principal functions are administration of Federal aid to the States for highway construction, road building in Federal areas, and highway research. The Bureau of Public Roads is one of the agencies in the Federal Highway Administration under the Department of Transportation.
The office of the Regional Federal Highway Administrator, through which the work in Georgia and six other Southeastern States is cleared, is located at 1720 Peachtree Road, N. W. Atlanta.

Division Office
The activities for the State of Georgia are under the direction of the Division Engineer, Bureau of Public Roads, whose office is located at 900 Peachtree Street, N. E., Atlanta. The Bureau of Public Roads maintains close cooperation with the State Highway Department on all matters pertaining to review and approval of Federal-aid projects on the Federal-aid Interstate, Primary and Secondary Highway Systems, as well as the Forest Highway System. Their trained engineers and specialists advise with State Highway Department engineers on details in connection with route location, surveys, design, construction and maintenance of Federal-aid projects. Frequent inspections are made of construction work and the maintenance condition of all projects involving Federal participation.
The basic facts developed through cooperative traffic, engineering and economic studies by the Division of Highway Planning and the Bureau of Public Roads are utilized in the preparation and review of highway programs, designation of Primary, Secondary and Forest Highway Systems, and to determine the priorities and type of highway improvements.
The State Highway Department desires to express its sincere appreciation for the cooperation and services rendered by the Bureau of Public Roads.

;

20

Thirty-Second Report, State Highway Department of Georgia

History of Organization
This agency was created in 1893 as the Office of Road Inquiry in the Department of Agriculture and later the name was changed to Bureau of Public Roads. Under Federal Reorganization Plan No.1, the personnel and functions of the Bureau of Public Roads were transferred to the Federal Works Agency and the name of the organization was changed to Public Roads Administration, effective July 1, 1939.
Under Reorganization Plan No.7, effective August 20, 1949, the Public Roads Administration was transferred to the Department of Commerce and the organization was given again the name of Bureau of Public Roads.
The Department of Transportation was created by Act of Congress, approved October 15, 1966. The Federal Highway Administration was established April 1, 1967, under the Department of Transportation, and on that date the Bureau of Public Roads became a part of the Federal Highway Administration.

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21

The Federal-Aid Highway Program
The Federal-Aid Road Act of July 11, 1916, launched the Federal Government on a nationwide cooperative plan of highway improvement. A vital feature of this first Act was that the Federal Government was "... authorized to cooperate with the States through their respective State highway departments .. ."
Since the Federal Highway Act of 1921 there has been a continuation of the cooperative Federal-aid Plan with initiative in the selection of the systems and the selection of projects resting with the State highway departments. The roads on the several Federal-aid highway systems are under the jurisdiction and control of the State or its political subdivisions and there are no Federal highways except those in Federal lands.
Apportionments
Federal funds for the construction and improvement of roads on the Federal-aid highway systems are authorized to be appropriated by Acts of Congress and the amount to be apportioned to each State is determined by the Secretary of Transportation in accordance with the formulas specified by Congressional Acts.
The Federal-aid Primary funds were apportioned among the several States on the basis of one-third according to area, onethird according to population, and one-third according to the mileage of rural delivery and star mail routes.
The Federal-aid Secondary funds were apportioned on the basis of one-third according to area, one-third according to rural population, and one-third according to mileage of rural delivery and star mail routes.
The Urban Highway funds were apportioned according to the population of municipalities and other urban places of 5,000 or more population.
Funds for the improvement of the National System of Interstate and Defense Highways were first authorized in the FederalAid Highway Act of 1952, for the fiscal years 1954 and 1955, and were apportioned on the same basis as outlined above for Federal-aid Primary funds. The Interstate funds for the fiscal years 1956, 1957, 1958 and 1959 were apportioned on the basis

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Thirty-Second Report, State Highway Department of Georgia

of one-half according to population and one-half in the same manner as the Primary funds. The Interstate funds for the fiscal years 1960 through 1968 were apportioned among the several States in the ratio which the estimated cost of completing the Interstate System in each State bears to the sum of the estimated cost of completing the Interstate System in all of the States, and the funds for the years 1969 through 1974 will be apportioned on the same basis. These cost estimates are to be made periodically by the Bureau of Public Roads and the State highway departments.
It is required that all Primary, Secondary and Urban funds be matched by the State on a 50-50 basis, except that 10 per cent of the sum authorized for each class of projects may be expended on railway-highway projects without State matching. This exception applies also to Interstate funds.
The Interstate funds for the years 1954 and 1955 were matched on a 50-50 basis. For the year 1956 and part of the funds for the year 1957, the matching was on the basis of 60 per cent Federal and 40 per cent State. The additional 1957 funds and those for the years 1958 through 1974 are to be matched on the basis of 90 per cent Federal and 10 per cent State.
The funds are made available for a period of two years after the close of the fiscal year for which authorized. The funds are deemed to have been expended when placed under formal project agreements; i.e., after bids have been opened and the Bureau of Public Roads has concurred in the award of the contract, and the project agreement has been executed by the State Highway Department and the Bureau of Public Roads.

Diversion of Road-User Revenue
The policy that all road-user revenues should be used for highway purposes was first set forth by Congress in Section 12 of the Hayden-Cartwright Act of June 18, 1934 (48 Stat. 995) and was reaffirmed in Title 23, United States Code, Section 126, approved August 27, 1958, as follows:
"(a) Since it is unfair and unjust to tax motor-vehicle transportation unless the proceeds of such taxation are applied to the construction, improvement, or maintenance of highways, after June 30, 1935, Federal aid for highway construction shall

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be extended only to those States that use at least the amounts provided by law on June 18, 1934, for such purposes in each State from State motor vehicle registration fees, licenses, gasoline taxes, and other special taxes on motor-vehicle owners and operators of all kinds for the construction, improvement, and maintenance of highways and administrative expenses in connection therewith, including the retirement of bonds for the payment of which such revenues have been pledged, and for no other purposes, under such regulations as the Secretary of Commerce (now the Secretary of Transportation) shall promulgate from time to time.
" (b) In no case shall the provisions of this section operate to deprive any State of more than one-third of the entire apportionment authorized under this chapter to which that State would be entitled in any fiscal year. The amount of any reduction in a State's apportionment shall be reapportioned in the same manner as any other unexpended balance at the end of the period during which it otherwise would be available in accordance with section 104 (b) of this title."

Programming and Subsequent Steps
Following apportionment of a year's authorization, the State Highway Department submits programs of proposed projects for improvement with the funds. After acceptance of the program by the Bureau of Public Roads, the State Highway Department acquires the right-of-way, makes detailed surveys for each project, and prepares plans, specifications, and final cost estimates. These must be approved by the Public Roads Division Engineer. The Highway Department then advertises for bids and awards a contract for construction, subject to Public Roads concurrence. The day-to-day supervision of the work is performed by Highway Department engineers, but a Public Roads engineer makes periodic inspection on the site.
The Bureau of Public Roads does not prescribe detailed design standards and construction specifications for Federal-aid work. The general policies of design standards adopted by the American Association of State Highway Officials are used by most of the States and they are endorsed by Public Roads. Details of design

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Thirty-Second Report, State Highway Department of Georgia

and construction specifications are prepared by each State to fit its individual needs, and are subject to review and approval by Public Roads.

1954 Secondary Road Plan
The Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1954 provided that the Secretary of Commerce (now the Secretary of Transportation) may, upon the request of any State, discharge his responsibility relative to plans, specifications, estimates, surveys, contract awards, design, inspection, and construction of Federal-aid Secondary road projects by his receiving and approving a certified statement by the State Highway Department setting forth that the plans, design, and construction for such projects are in accord with the standards and procedures of the State applicable to projects in this category approved by him. The State Highway Department of Georgia put this plan into effect on November 1, 1954, and operations under the plan have proven very satisfactory.
It is still necessary that approval be obtained from the Bureau of Public Roads covering additions, extensions and changes in the Federal-aid Secondary System. But after a project has been approved in the program, the Highway Department prepares the plans, awards the contracts, and supervises the construction without any further approval from the Bureau of Public Roads. Copies of the contract are filed with the Bureau of Public Roads and a final inspection is made by them after construction has been completed. The audit and reimbursement for the Federal share of the cost of the project is handled in the usual manner.

Use of Federal-Aid Funds
Preliminary engineering and construction engineering, surveys, plans, and right-of-way costs are eligible for Federal participation, as well as the cost of construction. That part of the cost of relocation of utility facilities necessitated by the construction of a Federal-aid project which is accepted for State participation is eligible for Federal participation. Federal funds may also be used for archaeological and paleontological salvage when considered necessary in connection with the construction of a project. The maintenance of highways and bridges constructed with Federal-aid funds is the responsibility of the State and Federal funds may not be used for this purpose. As outlined

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25

later in this section, 1Y2 per cent of the Federal-aid apportion-
ments may be used only for research and planning, including transportation studies and long-range planning.
Federal-aid funds may be used to retire bonds issued by the States, counties, cities, or other political subdivisions where proceeds of such bonds are used to accelerate the construction of toll-free facilities on the National System of Interstate and Defense Highways or the Federal-aid Primary System, provided the work is done under plans approved in advance by the Federal Highway Administrator.

Highway Planning
Since 1934, the Federal-Aid Highway Acts have authorized the use of 11/ 2 per cent of the Federal-aid apportionment to any State for engineering and economic investigations and highway research. The fact-finding studies which were inaugurated under this provision have been carried on in Georgia, since 1937, by the Division of Highway Planning. The wisdom of this provision has been amply demonstrated, and the continuing highway planning surveys of the various States have provided the facts necessary for determining highway needs of the future.
The Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1962 provides that the 1Y2
per cent funds shall be available for expenditure only for planning and research.

Federal-Aid Fiscal Procedure
Federal funds for highway work are not turned over to the State in advance of construction. Instead, they are paid to the State in the form of reimbursement during and after the period that the work is in progress. They are paid only on projects for which the plans have been approved previously by the Bureau of Public Roads and for which the work is conducted in accordance with the applicable requirements established by the Bureau of Public Roads. The State Highway Department makes payments from State funds to the contractor On monthly estimates of the dollar value of work that has been accomplished on a project. The State Highway Department then bills the Federal Government, which makes prompt payment.
Upon request of the State Highway Department, Federal funds will be advanced by the Bureau of Public Roads for the acquisi-

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Thirty-Second Report, State Highway Department of Georgia

tion of rights-of-way but it is required that actual construction of a road on such rights-of-way be completed within a period not exceeding seven years following the fiscal year in which such request is made. Federal participation in the cost of rights-ofway acquired under this procedure shall not exceed the Federal pro rata share applicable to the class of funds from which the Federal reimbursement is made.

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27

Highway Systems
Classification of highways is made necessary by the several plans of highway financing that have been developed during the years by the State and Federal Governments. Each plan of financing limits itself to particular highways or kinds of highways and thus establishes a new classification. It is possible for a highway to be on two or more systems. For example, a road may be on both the State Highway System and the Federalaid Primary System; or a road may be classified as a County Road, a Post Road, and a Federal-aid Secondary Road. The classes of highways in Georgia based on methods of financing are as follows:
1. National System of Interstate and Defense Highways.
2. Federal-aid Primary System.
3. Federal-aid Secondary System.
4. Forest Highway System.
5. State Highway System.
6. Post Roads.
7. County Roads.
The System of United States Numbered Highways (such as U. S. 41) was established for reasons other than financing, as will be explained under that heading.
National System of Interstate and Defense Highways
The National System of Interstate and Defense Highways, authorized in the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1944 and selected by the State highway departments in cooperation with the Bureau of Public Roads, was approved on August 2, 1947. Additional routes into, through, and around urban areas were approved on September 15, 1955. An additional 1,000 miles, authorized in the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1956, was approved on October 17, 1957, bringing the total mileage of the system to 41,000 miles.

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Thirty-Second Report, State Highway Department of Georgia

The Interstate System consists of routes of highest importance to the nation, which connect the principal metropolitan areas, cities and industrial centers, serve the national defense, and connect at suitable border points with routes of continental importance in the Dominion of Canada and the Republic of Mexico. The Interstate System is a part of the Federal-aid Primary System, as all Interstate routes not already included in the Primary System were automatically added thereto by law.
No funds other than the regular Primary and Urban funds had been appropriated for the development of the Interstate System prior to the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1952, but that Act and subsequent Acts authorized separate and additional appropriations for the purpose of expediting the construction, reconstruction and improvement of the Interstate System. Information as to the financing of these improvements has been given in the preceding section of this report.

Federal-Aid Primary System
The Federal-aid Primary System consists of routes of the National System of Interstate and Defense Highways and other important routes with their urban extensions, including important loops, belt highways and spurs. This system was first designated under authority of the Federal Highway Act of 1921 and the routes were selected by mutual agreement between the State highway departments and the Bureau of Public Roads. Additions, revisions and changes in the routes have been made during the intervening years as conditions justified, and studies continue to be made so that the system will contain the routes of greatest importance, within the mileage limitation fixed by law.
The system is limited to seven per cent of the 1921 total highway mileage in the State, except that in addition the law permits, without charge against the seven per cent limitation, mileage within Federal reservations, mileage within designated urban areas, and mileage of Interstate routes that were not a part of the Primary System prior to their designation as Interstate routes. Permissible system mileage may be increased by increments of one per cent of the 1921 total highway mileage whenever provision has been made for the completion and maintenance of 90 per cent of the State's entire system. The system may be considered as meeting the 90 per cent completion requirement if 90

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29

per cent of the miles has been improved to provide right-of-way, geometric design, surface, base and subgrade, and structures consistent with requirements for traffic service. The original mileage eligible for inclusion in the Federal-aid Primary System in Georgia was 5,662 miles, based on seven per cent of 80,892 miles. On June 23, 1939, a one per cent increment of 808.9 miles was approved, and another increment of one per cent was approved on August 19, 1940, so that the present total permissible mileage is 7,279.8 miles.

Federal-aid Secondary System
The Federal-Aid Highway Acts of 1936 and 1944 provided for the selection and designation of a system of principal secondary and feeder roads, including farm-to-market roads, rural mail routes, and school-bus routes, but not limited to roads of these specific descriptions. These roads are selected by the State Highway Department in cooperation with the county commissioners and approved by the Bureau of Public Roads, and are the only roads on which Federal-aid Secondary funds may be expended.
The Federal-aid Secondary System may be located both in rural and urban areas, but any extension of the system into urban areas of 5,000 or more population shall be subject to the condition that such extension pass through the urban area or connect with another Federal-aid system within the urban area. Urban boundaries have been established by the State Highway Department and approved by the Bureau of Public Roads for all cities having a population of 5,000 or more, according to the census of 1960. A map showing the urban boundaries has been forwarded to the mayor of each city, and to the county commissioners of the county in which the city is located. Extensions of Federal-aid Secondary routes through urban areas of 5,000 or more population are included in the total mileage of the Secondary System, and such extensions are eligible for improvement with Federalaid Secondary funds or Federal-aid Urban funds.

Forest Highway System
Forest highways are those forest roads wholly or partly within, adjoining, or adjacent to and serving the national forests that are of primary importance to the State, counties or communities, and that have been selected and designated as constituent parts

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Thirty-Second Report, State Highway Department of Georgia

of the Forest Highway System. It is not a thoroughly connected system, but is composed of individual and frequently separated routes, generally of short length. Forest Highways are classified as follows:

Class 1. On the Federal-aid Primary System.

Class 2. On the Federal-aid Secondary System.

Class 3. Other Forest Highways.

The mileage of the Forest Highway System in Georgia as of June 30, 1968, was as follows:

Class 1

176.2 miles

Class 2 Class 3

198.1 miles 24.7 miles

Total

399.0 miles

The Forest Highway System may be increased or decreased in mileage when the proposed modifications have been jointly agreed upon and recommended by the State Highway Department, the Regional Forester of the U. S. Forest Service, Department of Agriculture, and the Regional Federal Highway Administrator. Final approval of the routes is a responsibility of the Director of Public Roads and the Chief of the U. S. Forest Service. Funds for the construction of Forest Highways are provided by Congressional appropriation and are usually included in the same Act as other Federal-aid Highway funds. The funds are prorated and apportioned among the several States according to the area and value of the national forests, and the construction work is supervised by the Regional Engineer of the Bureau of Public Roads.

State Highway System
Roads on the State Highway System are located, constructed, improved and maintained by the State Highway Department. The original system of 4,800 miles was established under the provisions of an Act of the General Assembly of Georgia, approved August 18, 1919. This Act provided that the State Highway Board should designate the system of interconnecting

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31

county-seat public roads as State-aid Roads. An amendment of 1921 increased the limit to 5,500 miles, an amendment of 1925 increased it to 6,300 miles, and other increases were made by amendments passed in 1929 and 1933. An Act approved February 12, 1938, gave the State Highway Board the right and authority to designate any public road in the State as a State-aid Road, with no limitation by statute as to the mileage of the State Highway System.

An Act of the General Assembly, approved March 17, 1943, which abolished the State Highway Board and created a State Highway Department under a State Highway Director, and a State Highway Commission, authorized and empowered the State Highway Director to place on the State Highway System any roads he deemed necessary to the best interest of the State, when approved by a majority of the State Highway Commission, by first giving written notice to the county road authorities concerned thirty days prior to such action. This Act of March 17, 1943, was repealed by an Act of the General Assembly, approved February 2, 1950.
The Act of February 2, 1950, as amended, provides that the Director of the State Highway Department shall have the right to substitute, relocate, and abandon any or all of the State Highway System mileage in building new roads or bridges or in improving the State Highway System roads and bridges, keeping in view only the control points as shown by the present State
Highway System. The Act provides that the Director shall con-
fer with the ordinary or county commissioners concerned, as
the case may be, and give due consideration to their wishes in
the relocation, resurveying, substitution and abandonment of
roads, but in case of disagreement the judgment of the Director
shall prevail.

Post Roads
All rural roads over which United States mail is carried are postal routes; however, in Georgia only such roads that are not on the State Highway System are classified as Post Roads. The Act of 1937 which authorized the expenditure of State funds for the construction of Post Roads, also authorized the State

..,

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Thirty-Second Report, State Highway Department of Georgia

Highway Department to construct farm-to-market roads, so that generally the term "Post Roads" is applied to all public roads in Georgia not on the State Highway System.

Post Roads and farm-to-market roads may be constructed by the State Highway Department to the extent that funds are made available, but the construction and maintenance of such roads are primarily the responsibility of the counties. All of these roads are classified also as County Roads, inasmuch as they are under the control and jurisdiction of the counties.

County Roads
All rural roads in the State not on the State Highway System nor within Federal or State reservations are classified as County Roads. The counties are responsible for the construction and maintenance of these roads; although, as stated above, the State Highway Department undertakes to construct as many of them as possible with Federal-aid Secondary funds and State funds. The county commissioners (or ordinary in counties having no commissioners) are authorized to open and locate new roads.

United States Numbered Highways
In 1926, the American Association of State Highway Officials (being composed of all the State Highway Departments and the Bureau of Public Roads of the Federal Government) selected a limited system of State roads to carry continuous numbers across the country so as to facilitate travel on the main interstate lines, over the shortest routes and the best roads. These roads are designated by the use of the United States shield as the insignia, and are commonly referred to as U. S. Routes or U. S. Numbered Highways. The establishment of a U. S. number as a guide for interstate travel over certain roads has no connection with Federal control or the designation of Federal funds for road construction and, therefore, the U. S. Highway numbers should not be confused with route numbers assigned to the Federal-aid Highway System. The U. S. numbers may recognize a State road which has been constructed entirely by the use of State funds.
Additions, changes, extensions, revisions or reductions in the U. S. Numbered System are made by the Executive Committee

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33

of the American Association of State Highway Officials, after consulting with the Highway Department of the States affected. The established policies of the Executive Committee provide that no additional road shall be added to the U. S. Numbered System, and no existing U. S. road shall be extended except where there is a definite showing of an adequately improved highway carrying an established and necessary line of interstate traffic not otherwise provided for by existing U. S. routes and for which traffic adequate service cannot be provided by State route numbers.
Extension of present U.S. numbered routes may be made only when the proposed extension is in the general direction of the present route. Proposed extensions shall not be made when, to do so, it is necessary to duplicate U. S. routes already established, unless the duplication is for a short distance and the routes then diverge, ending in a different terminal point. Also, no new U. S. route located wholly in one State may be established and no new divided numbers shall be adopted.

MILEAGE OF HIGHWAYS, BY SYSTEMS June 30, 1968

State Highway System

County Roads

City Streets

Total Existing
Roads

Projected Mileage

Total Designated
System

Federal-aid Primary System: Rural _______________________________________________.
Urban --------------------------------------------Federal-aid Secondary System _______ Not on any Federal-aid System _______

7,366.85 765.07
8,737.64 568.38

4.48 ------------------21.47 ------------------11,300.39 .------------------59,841.69 8,821.38

7,371.33 786.54
20,038.03 69,231.45

704.33 133.46 179.61
9.37

8,075.66 920.00
20,217.64 69,240.82

Total --------------------------------------------------- 17,437.94 71,168.03 8,821.38 97,427.35 1,026.77 98,454.12

The Federal-aid Primary System mileage includes 1,108.2 miles of the National System of Interstate and Defense Highways, of which 522.1 miles are projected. Urban extensions of State Highway System and County Roads within incorporated places are included in the mileage of the respective systems and are not classified as city streets. Also, the mileage of the Federal-aid Secondary System includes extensions through incorporated places.

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35

MILEAGE OF STATE HIGHWAY SYSTEM AND COUNTY ROADS, BY TYPE OF SURFACE
June 30, 1968

Type of Surface

State I

Highway County

System

Roads

. . . Unimproved ----------------------------
Graded and Drained ______________ 174.41

Soil-Surfaced -------------------------Gravel or Stone ______________________

49.49 78.63

Low-Type Bituminous ____________ 2,828.25

High-Type Bituminous ---------- 13,481.70

Portland Cement Concrete ____ 824.22

Brick or Block ________________________

1.24

1,245.92 29,432.82
9,722.56 9,710.96 17,032.97 3,863.12
158.64 1.04

Total
1,245.92 29,607.23
9,772.05 9,789.59 19,861.22 17,344.82
982.86 2.28

Total ---------------------------------------- 17,437.94 71,168.03 88,605.97

Unpaved ----------------------------------

302.53 50,112.26 50,414.79

Paved ---------------------------------------- 17,135.41 21,055.77 38,191.18

Total ---------------------------------------- 17,437.94 71,168.03 88,605.97

aq

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Thirty-Second Report, State Highway Department of Georgia

MILEAGE OF STATE HIGHWAY SYSTEM 1920 -1968

Date

Mileage

December 31, 1920________________ 4,800.0

December 31, 192L______________ 5,500.0

December 31, 1922________________ 5,500.0

December 31, 1923________________ 5,854.7

December 31, 1924 __._____________ 6,248.8

December 31, 1925________________ 6,648.8

December 31, 1926_______________ 7,048.8

December 31, 1927________________ 7,061.4

December 31, 1928._______________ 7,075.6

December 31, 1929________________ 7,090.6

June 30, 1930________________________ 7,124.4

June 30, 193L______________________ 7,138.5

June 30, 1932________________________ 8,196.8

June 30, 1933________________________ 8,498.3

June 30, 1934________________________ 8,876.2

June 30, 1935________________________ 9,206.4

June 30, 1936________________________ 9,272.8

June 30, 1937________________________ 10,118.6

June 30, 1938

10,952.8

June 30, 1939

11,215.4

June 30, 1940

11,907.7

June 30, 194L

13,212.5

June 30, 1942

13,223.7

June 30, 1943

13,968.6

June 30, 1944.

13,995.3

June 30, 1945

14,003.2

June 30, 1946

13,808.2

June 30, 1947________________________ 14,285.4

June 30, 1948.

14,385.5

June 30, 1949________________________ 14,876.8

June 30, 1950

15,201.9

June 30, 195L

15,175.6

June 30, 1952

15,228.9

June 30, 1953

15,097.8

June 30, 1954

15,121.3

June 30, 1955

15,111.5

June 30, 1956

15,130.4

June 30, 1957

15,184.0

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MILEAGE OF STATE HIGHWAY SYSTEM 1920 -1968

Date

Mileage

June 30, 1958________________________ 15,207.0

June 30, 1959

15,697.7

June 30, 1960________________________ 15,959.2

June 30, 196L

16,310.7

June 30, 1962

16,478.3

June 30, 1963

16,640.0

June 30, 1964________________________ 16,785.4

June 30, 1965________________________ 16,982.0

June 30, 1966

17,117.1

June 30, 1967________________________ 17,281.6

June 30, 1968________________________ 17,437.9

9

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Thirty-Second Report, State Highway Department of Georgia

MILEAGE OF STATE HIGHWAY SYSTEM AND COUNTY ROADS, BY COUNTIES
June 30, 1968

County
Appling Atkinson Bacon Baker Baldwin Banks Barrow Bartow Ben Hill Berrien Bibb BIeckley Brantley Brooks Bryan Bulloch Burke Butts Calhoun Camden Candler Carroll Catoosa Charlton Chatham Chattahoochee Chattooga Cherokee Clarke Clay Clayton Clinch Cobb Coffee Colquitt

Certified State Highway System Mileage
126.34 91.50 65.66 77.73 86.06 112.40
104.50 142.60 77.50 118.63 158.03 76.15
95.61 124.69
93.71 154.18 203.21 55.31 98.36 105.71
64.48 152.81
62.71 116.65 134.13
36.63 78.48 111.99 56.26 47.48 95.95 151.09 157.92 195.94 140.97

County Road System Mileage
855.63 420.98 480.89 282.79 315.70 304.24 295.25 689.61 330.11 688.34 288.88 300.62 414.74 611.57 209.39 1,088.71 895.77 303.65 254.30 238.32 381.07 980.55 290.53 240.57 402.06
83.35 404.12 689.44 199.28 183.73 295.34 479.07 1,088.80 799.10 834.82

Towl Public Road Mileage
981.97 512.48 546.55 360.52 401.76 416.64 399.75 832.21 407.61 806.97 446.91 376.77 510.35 736.26 303.10 1,242.89 1,098.98 358.96 352.66 344.03 445.55 1,133.36 353.24 357.22 536.19 119.98 482.60 801.43 255.54 231.21 391.29 630.16 1,246.72 995.04 975.79

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MILEAGE OF STATE HIGHWAY SYSTEM AND COUNTY ROADS, BY COUNTIES

June 30, 1968

County
Columbia Cook Coweta Crawford Crisp Dade Dawson Decatur DeKalb Dodge Dooly Dougherty Douglas Early Echols Effingham Elbert Emanuel Evans Fannin Fayette Floyd Forsyth Franklin Fulton Gilmer Glascock Glynn Gordon Grady Greene Gwinnett Habersham Hall Hancock

Certified State Highway System Mileage
119.15 69.71
115.86 69.73 97.71 95.90 104.72 236.96 162.59 148.05 132.62 117.85 76.72 148.66 87.17 99.85 92.79 210.24 70.59 96.36 84.90 135.94 85.36 168.07 319.92 76.53 40.66 105.39 120.93 139.01 82.92 193.11 106.57 206.69 79.47

County Road System Mileage
325.51 414.06 632.94 347.15 526.09 186.74 223.56 614.42 1,188.10 713.86 614.47 311.95 363.19 554.82 210.40 463.97 545.77 853.74 243.96 392.81 301.70 675.83 423.32 436.47 890.72 392.77 188.58 276.82 535.28 574.52 399.68 976.96 393.91 816.55 470.99

Total Public Road Mileage
444.66 483.77 748.80 416.88 623.80 282.64 328.28 851.38 1,350.69 861.91 747.09 429.80 439.91 703.48 297.57 563.82 638.56 1,063.98 314.55 489.17 386.60 811.77 508.68 604.54 1,210.64 469.30 229.24 382.21 656.21 713.53 482.60 1,170.07 500.48 1,023.24 550.46

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Thirty-Second Report, State Highway Department of Georgia

MILEAGE OF STATE HIGHWAY SYSTEM AND COUNTY ROADS, BY COUNTIES
June 30, 1968

County
Haralson Harris Hart Heard Henry Houston Irwin Jackson Jasper Jeff Davis Jefferson Jenkins Johnson Jones Lamar Lanier Laurens Lee Liberty Lincoln Long Lowndes Lumpkin McDuffie McIntosh Macon Madison Marion Meriwether Miller Mitchell Monroe Montgomery Morgan Murray

Certified State Highway System Mileage
74.73 148.55 93.89 71.20 110.76 139.54 76.19 194.68 137.36 78.93 187.73 81.09 86.25
86.44 54.08 96.01 256.09 75.24 66.35 80.31 66.59 174.62 85.30 76.73 72.68 154.60 112.02 131.96 174.55 57.05 206.00 147.50 92.83 69.94 99.59

Ccyunty Road System Mileage
469.96 426.07 519.69 371.69 613.40 369.35 491.76 511.05 388.13 474.10 574.54 419.94 423.87 397.06 318.84 203.75 1,083.30 349.90 202.15 231.69 213.86 750.15 270.85 309.22 143.50 450.03 551.09 308.57 650.25 421.64 622.28 414.83 313.41 434.50 381.90

Total Public Road Mileage
544.69 574.62 613.58 442.89 724.16 508.89 567.95 705.73 525.49 553.03 762.27 501.03 510.12 483.50 372.92 299.76 1,339.39 425.14 268.50 312.00 280.45 924.77 356.15 385.95 216.18 604.63 663.11 440.53 794.80 478.69 828.28 562.33 406.24 504.44 481.49

Thirty-Second Report, State Highway Department of Georgia

41

MILEAGE OF STATE HIGHWAY SYSTEM AND COUNTY ROADS, BY COUNTIES

June 30, 1968

County
Muscogee Newton Oconee Oglethorpe Paulding Peach Pickens Pierce Pike Polk Pulaski Putnam Quitman Rabun Randolph Richmond Rockdale Schley Screven Seminole Spalding Stephens Stewart Sumter Talbot Taliaferro Tattnall Taylor Telfair Terrell Thomas Tift Toombs Towns Treutlen

Certified State Highway System Mileage
91.67 132.17
57.77 77.09 102.71 58.34 88.90 77.53 63.62 73.33 113.36 92.25 35.15 64.73 85.28 119.04 54.09 58.45 123.99 69.13 67.26 85.23 62.85 170.67 133.76 52.22 162.03 159.49 154.75 92.77 194.40 92.18 158.24 55.86 100.68

County Road System Mileage
292.06 409.00 276.87 492.67 484.32 192.17 336.27 494.04 348.62 515.42 252.37 330.94 125.47 353.30 389.76 541.32 239.42 171.69 631.90 339.49 420.33 301.60 341.25 530.37 307.50 178.95 691.91 395.16 381.00 381.29 605.96 500.78 441.35 130.15 283.03

Total Public Road Mileage
383.73 541.17 334.64 569.76 587.03 250.51 425.17 571.57 412.24 588.75 365.73 423.19 160.62 418.03 475.04 660.36 293.51 230.14 755.89 408.62 487.59 386.83 404.10 701.04 441.26 231.17 853.94 554.65 535.75 474.06 800.36 592.96 599.59 186.01 383.71

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Thirty-Second Report, State Highway Department of Georgia

MILEAGE OF STATE HIGHWAY SYSTEM AND COUNTY ROADS, BY COUNTIES

June 30, 1968

County
Troup Turner Twiggs Union Upson Walker Walton Ware Warren Washington Wayne Webster Wheeler White Whitfield Wilcox Wilkes Wilkinson Worth Total

Certified State Highway SY8tem Mileage
147.64 92.97 84.64 91.18 75.93 161.66 105.43 137.75 86.15 163.17 107.83 51.44 84.58 95.25 96.64 114.26 94.31 122.63 156.04
17,437.94

County Road SY8tem Mileage
502.31 416.58 316.22 306.10 450.95 600.26 577.21 625.33 323.03 751.80 662.41 219.69 320.51 252.97 535.89 499.83 420.22 345.00 784.74 71,168.03

Total Public Road Mileage
649.95 509.55 400.86 397.28 526.88 761.92 682.64 763.08 409.18 914.97 770.24 271.13 405.09 348.22 632.53 614.09 514.53 467.63 940.78 88,605.97

County Road System Mileage includes roads in National Forests, State Parks, and State Reservations.

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43

Measurement and Record
of Public Roads
Act No. 56 of the General Assembly, approved February 5, 1951, provides that the State Highway Department shall keep a record as accurate and up-to-date as is reasonably possible of all roads and bridges in the State. This record shall include the mileage of all roads and bridges on the various county road systerns that are being maintained by the counties and the mileage of all roads and bridges which are a part of the State Highway System and are being maintained by the State Highway Department. The record shall show the mileage of roads in each county that is paved and unpaved, and such other information as to the condition, status, type and use as deemed necessary for sound long-range planning of construction and maintenance.
Measurement of Roads
The Act authorized the State Highway Department to employ personnel to go into the counties to inspect and measure the public roads and gather the information necessary for the compilation of the above records. The Division of Highway Planning maintains the required records and makes the measurement of public roads in each county. The work was completed in all counties in 1954.
The legislative Act provides that not more than every four years the county road authorities may request an official inspection and measurement of the roads in the county, under the uniform rules and regulations of the Highway Department. Such remeasurement in all counties was completed in 1961, and a second remeasurement in all counties was finished in 1966.

""'"

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Thirty-Second Report, State Highway Department of Georgia

HIGHWAY USE OF MOTOR FUEL IN GEORGIA 1925 -1967

Year

Thousand Gallons

1925_________________________________ 133,548

1926

154,976

1927

183,896

1928

197,106

1929__________________________________ 209,794

1930

213,089

193L________________________________ 211,767

1932._________________________________ 190,592

1933

202,196

1934_________________________________ 229,447

1935

254,609

1936

287,284

1937__________________________________ 312,468

1938._________________________________ 319,246

1939

339,877

1940

374,300

194L________________________________ 406,781

1942

324,259

1943

282,739

1944__________________________________ 314,692

1945

367,726

1946

495,202

1947

540,087

1948 1949 1950

579,048 629,271 706,796

195L________________________________ 778,131

1952

877,130

1953__________________________________ 913,975

1954

959,358

1955

1,053,372

1956

1,124,187

Thirty-Second Report, State Highway Department of Georgia

45

HIGHWAY USE OF MOTOR FUEL IN GEORGIA 1925 -1967

Year
1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 . 1966 1967

Thousand Gallons
1,161,457 1,215,791 1,283,230 1,317,842 1,364,594 1,437,998 1,513,362 1,619,715 1,724,043 1,847,087 1,953,292

.,

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Thirty-Second Report, State Highway Department of Georgia

MOTOR-VEHICLE REGISTRATIONS IN GEORGIA

1910 -1967

(Publicly-owned vehicles not included for years prior to 1925)

Year

Automobiles

1910 ____________________ 4,400 191L __________________ 5,870 1912 ____________________ 12,950 1913____________________ 16,480 1914 ____________________ 20,115 1915 ____________________ 24,000 1916____________________ 44,025 1917____________________ 66,824 1918____________________ 99,676 1919____________________ 127,000 1920____________________ 134,000 1921 ____________________ 118,476 1922 ___________________ 126,498 1923 ____________________ 151,420

1924____________________ 181,413 1925____________________ 218,271 1926 ___________________ 242,691 1927____________________ 263,404 1928 ____________________ 278,673 1929____________________ 311,255 1930____________________ 295,373 1931____________________ 275,502 1932____________________ 246,694 1933 ___________________ 280,047 1934 ___________________ 315,764 1935____________________ 327,120 1936 ____________________ 336,968 1937____________________ 362,311 1938 ___________________ 358,124 1939 ____________________ 386,477 1940____________________ 413,541 1941____________________ 461,815 1942 ____________________ 444,878 1943 ___________________ 421,497 1944 ___________________ 425,196 1945 ____________________ 420,046

Busses
2,155 2,067 2,161 2,631 2,612 2,717 3,731 4,045 4,150 3,775 4,335 4,484

Trucks
90 190 620 710 800 1,000 2,000 3,500 5,000 10,000 12,000 13,500 16,925 22,469 26,275 32,278 37,378 39,946 42,981 50,821 49,510 48,758 45,035 54,691 64,243 70,129 77,130 83,292 77,736 87,310 93,156 100,352 97,240 94,513 98,684 106,242

Total
4,490 6,060 13,570 17,190 20,915 25,000 46,025 70,324 104,676 137,000 146,000 131,976 143,423 173,889 207,688 250,549 280,069 303,350 321,654 362,076 344,883 324,260 291,729 334,738 382,162 399,316 416,259 448,234 438,472 476,504 510,428 566,212 546,268 519,785 528,215 530,772

Thirty-Second Report, State Highway Department of Georgia

47

MOTOR-VEHICLE REGISTRATIONS IN GEORGIA

1910 -1967

(Publicly-owned vehicles not included for years prior to 1925)

Year

Automobiles

1946

451,626

1947____________________ 501,401

1948____________________ 542,480

1949____________________ 605,978

1950

693,821

195L__________________ 754,040

1952____________________ 800,463

1953

848,514

1954____________________ 894,392

1955____________________ 988,079

1956

1,017,383

1957

1,056,708

1958

1,079,762

1959

1,154,425

1960

1,221,538

1961

1,261,014

1962

1,354, 105

1963

1,442,735

1964

1,537,430

1965

1,616,135

1966

1,702,212

1967

1,745,723

Busses
4,782 5,088 5,052 5,188 5,475 5,643 6,170 6,314 6,487 6,566 6,861 6,714 6,811 7,218 7,314 7,403 7,474 7,651 7,636 7,514 7,783 7,745

Trucks
126,592 151,817 168,755 181,225 198,222 209,484 215,089 226,575 232,649 244,273 249,019 256,866 261,830 274,216 283,266 290,764 306,527 324,511 346,161 366,495 389,252 410,899

Total
583,000 658,306 716,287 792,391 897,518 969,167 1,021,722 1,081,403 1,133,528 1,238,918 1,273,263 1,320,288 1,348,403 1,435,859 1,512,118 1,559,181 1,668,106 1,774,897 1,891,227 1,990,144 2,099,247 2,164,367

...

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Thirty-Second Report, State Highway Department of Georgia

Georgia Highway Authority
The State Bridge Building Authority was created by an Act of the General Assembly, approved March 25, 1953, as a body corporate and politic which shall be deemed to be an instrument of the State of Georgia and a public corporation, for the purpose of constructing bridges on the State Highway System, to be financed by the issuance of revenue bonds. An Act approved January 18, 1961, renamed the Authority the Georgia State Highway Authority, and provided that existing roads on the State Highway System, as well as bridges, may be projects of the Authority.
The Georgia Rural Roads Authority was created by an Act of the General Assembly, approved February 8, 1955, for the purpose of constructing rural roads not on the State Highway System by means of long-term revenue bond financing.
By an Act of the General Assembly approved April 4, 1967, the Georgia Rural Roads Authority was merged into the Georgia State Highway Authority, which was renamed the Georgia Highway Authority.
Membership
The members of the Georgia Highway Authority are the Governor, the Director of the State Highway Department and the State Budget Officer. Their service on the Authority is a separate and distinct duty for which they receive no additional compensation. Members of the Authority are entitled to all actual expenses necessarily incurred while in the performance of their duties on behalf of the Authority.
Revenue Bonds
The Authority was granted the power to issue negotiable revenue bonds. The bonds and interest therefrom are exempt from taxation by the State of Georgia. The bonds are not deemed to constitute a debt of the State of Georgia, but are payable solely from the fund created by the rental of the roads and bridges.

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49

Lease of Roads and Bridges
The roads and bridges constructed and improved by the Authority are leased to the State Highway Department for terms not exceeding 50 years, and a separate Act of the General Assembly authorizes the State Highway Department to enter into lease contracts with the Authority. The rental payments are used to retire the bonds, to pay the administrative and operating expenses of the Authority, and to reimburse the Highway Department for any funds expended for the Authority. Upon retirement of the bonds, the rentals shall cease and the roads not on the State Highway System shall be maintained as a part of the public road system of the counties in which the roads are located.

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Thirty-Second Report, State Highway Department of Georgia

State Toll Bridge Authority
The State Toll Bridge Authority was created by an Act of the General Assembly, approved March 2, 1953, as a body corporate and politic and an instrumentality and public corporation of the State of Georgia. The purpose of the Authority is to construct bridges on the State Highway System to be financed by the issuance of revenue bonds of the Authority secured by the revenue to be received from tolls.
Membership
An Act approved April 2, 1963, provides that the members of the Authority shall be ex officio the Governor, the Director of the State Highway Department and the State Budget Officer as a separate and distinct duty for which they shall receive no additional compensation. All members of the Authority shall be entitled to all actual expenses necessarily incurred while in the performance of their duties on behalf of the Authority.
Tolls
For the purpose of earning sufficient revenues to make possible the financing of the construction of the projects of the Authority with revenue bonds, the Authority is authorized and empowered to collect tolls on each project which it shall cause to be constructed. When the bonds issued for a particular bridge have been paid in full, the tolls shall cease and the bridge shall become a part of the State Highway System and thereafter be maintained by the State Highway Department.
Bonds
The Authority is authorized to issue negotiable revenue bonds, to mature within 40 years, and to be paid solely from tolls and other revenues from the bridges to be c.mstructed from the proceeds of the bonds. The bonds and income thereof are exempt from all taxation within the State. The bonds shall not constitute a debt of the State of Georgia or a pledge of the faith and credit of the State.

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51

In November 1954, the State Toll Bridge Authority issued bonds in the sum of $6,650,000 to defray the cost of building a bridge over the Brunswick River (Turtle River) at Brunswick, in Glynn County, which was named the Sidney Lanier Bridge. It is 4,470 feet, 6112 inches in length, and was opened to traffic on June 22, 1956. This is the only bridge to be constructed by the Authority to date. The toll fees were eliminated and the facility was made a free bridge on December 21, 1962. The bridge is being maintained by the State Highway Department.

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Thirty-Second Report, State Highway Department of Georgia

Legal Division
ARTHUR K. BOLTON The Attorney General
RICHARD L. CHAMBERS Assistant Attorney General
Special Attorney for the State Highway Department
The Attorney General and his staff are charged with furnishing legal advice to, and handling of all legal matters for, the State Highway Department. Strictly speaking, the Legal Division is not a part of the Highway Department. Due to our close working arrangement and association with the State Highway Department, however, we feel a very important part of this department.
The Legal Division consists of the Attorney General, the Special Attorney for State Highway Department, who is also an Assistant Attorney General, four full-time Assistant Attorneys General, three secretaries, and 35 Special Deputy Assistant Attorneys General (part-time, per diem basis) to assist the regular staff in right-of-way acquisition cases and contract lawsuits. The Special Deputy Assistant Attorneys General and other members of his staff are appointed by the Attorney General. These Deputies are located throughout the State and are used from time to time in right-of-way acquisition cases and contract lawsuits and related matters when it is deemed to the best interest of the State Highway Department.
Litigation
Condemnation Cases. During the biennium 576 condemnation cases were filed in the name of the State Highway Department or were cases in which the Department was financially interested. Including cases pending at the beginning of the period, 589 cases were disposed of during this biennium with awards in the amount of $7,588,933. There were 782 cases pending as of July 1, 1968.

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53

Our staff is assisted by County and/or City Attorneys in condemnation cases with direct supervision from the office where it is deemed to be to the best interest of the State.
Damage Suits. During the biennium approximately 94 damage suits were filed wherein the State Highway Department was called upon to defend. These suits on State-aid roads are in such cases where plaintiffs claim damages from drainage water, changes in access or grade of a road, and other causes whereby depreciation in market value of property is alleged.
Injunctions. Approximately 44 injunction cases were filed during the period. Most of these were encroachment cases whereby we sought to enjoin defendants from encroaching on the rightsof-way. We also defend many suits where the State Highway Department and contractors are enjoined for various reasons.
Suits on Contract. During the biennium there were eight lawsuits by and against highway contractors. These are very involved cases and often will take a minimum of one week to try such cases, plus months of preparation and negotiations.
Tort Actions. Twenty-eight cases were filed and processed for State Highway Department for damages to State-owned property.
Miscellaneous. One case involving the constitutionality of the Junkyard Control Law.
Appellate. A large part of the duties of the legal staff consists of processing cases before the Court of Appeals and Supreme Court. During the biennium the staff has appeared in eight cases in Supreme Court and 28 cases in Court of Appeals.

Contract Negotiation
The members of the legal staff participate in important negotiations with the Bureau of Public Roads, with the Corps of Engineers of the United States Army, with representatives of highway departments of other states, and with other agencies with respect to the accomplishment of cooperative programs for road improvement or for the replacement of roads inundated by constructions of dams and other Federal projects. Such negotiations are frequently long-drawn-out and involve large sums of money, and must be handled with great care.

9

54

Thirty-Second Report, State Highway Department of Georgia

State Highway Board Meetings
The legal staff, usually the Special Attorney, attends all meetings of the State Highway Board, furnishes reports and advice to the Board as requested, and prepares resolutions and other legal documents for use by the State Highway Board and the various divisions of the State Highway Department in presenting matters at Board meetings.

Miscellaneous
This unit is charged with many other duties, the most important of which perhaps is giving of oral advice and informal opinions and, through the Attorney General, the giving of formal opinions to the Director of State Highway Department, the members of State Highway Board, officials of the Department, and members of the engineering staff.
The legal staff approved hundreds of deeds, leases, force account agreements, signal permits, contracts, and other legal documents as needed and used by the Highway Department.
Reports of accidents involving Highway Department vehicles are received and reviewed by this division, so that if this unit is to defend suits and/or participate in investigation of claims and collect damages it will have the facts early.
A large part of our work, especially while the General Assembly is in session, is the drafting of various types of legislation on behalf of the State Highway Department and the review and study of all bills introduced in the General Assembly to ascertain how they might affect the Highway Department.
Pursuant to a Resolution of the 1968 General Assembly, the Highway Laws Revision Committee was created. The Highway Department has contracted with the University of Georgia Law School to assist this committee in its work. This staff also works very closely with both the Law School personnel, the Committee, and State Highway Department personnel in the accomplishment of this project.
Other duties include land acquisition other than right-of-way and procurement of title insurance on land purchases, such as the location of maintenance barns and Resident Engineers' offices.

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Conclus ion
In conclu sion, we wish to publi cly state to t he readers of this pu blica ti on our sincer e ap preciation fo r t he in val uabl e assistance r endered by personnel of t he State High way Depart ment and by our staff, without which t he success f ul operation of t his un it would hav e been impossibl e,

T he pro blem of r epla cing a narrow undel'pass on a blls y railway line w ith min imal interferenc e to m il t raff ic w as solve d by b uild int) the n ew bl'idg e alongside th e old st ru ct ure , then rol litu)
it into pla ce in a singl e day , Stat e R out e 1.'1 in A t/ an ta,

..,

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Thirty-Second Report, State Highway Department of Georgia

Public Information Section
T.R.LEDFORD Chief, Public In/ormation Section
The Public Information Section assists Georgia's news media in keeping the public informed on the programs, policies, and problems of the Highway Department and in other ways functions as an information source for agencies, organizations or individuals interested in highways and the Highway Department.
Its staff consists of the Chief, Public Information Section, who reports to the Director and his Executive Assistant, an assistant to the section chief, and three clerical and secretarial personnel.
The methods employed by this section in accomplishment of its function include press liaison and news releases, a monthly newsletter and other publications, speeches, displays, and special events, and coordination with governmental, commercial, and service agencies and individuals interested in promoting Georgia and the road improvement effort of the State and Nation.
Press Liaison
The Public Information Section provides an established channel of communication between the representatives of the news media (newspapers, radio and television, and magazines) and the officials and engineers of the Highway Department.
It assists newsmen in getting complete information in less technical language, while at the same time serving the best interests of the Highway Department by striving to insure that such information is factual and is clearly pointed out to the newsmen, and that the newsmen are kept aware of the career status and political neutrality of the engineers.
News Releases
News releases on matters of statewide interest are prepared by this section, reproduced by Highway Department facilities, and mailed to all media within the State and to trade publications, motor clubs, etc., throughout the Nation. Also, local releases are

Thirty-Second Report, State Highway Department of Georgia

57

prepared for specific papers and broadcasting stations on matters of interest within their circulation or broadcast area, such as traffic surveys, public hearings, specific road projects, and news of Highway Department personnel or installations in that area.
This section cooperates fully with the various divisions in obtaining news coverage on matters requiring widespread public understanding and support. On certain occasions, it works with field division offices on division-level news releases and other public information activities.

Radio and Television
This section assists representatives of radio and television in obtaining taped or filmed interviews with highway officials and engineers, assisting in preparation of necessary scripts and in obtaining any maps, photos, or other "props" for use in these presentations. It is felt that increasing participation of Highway Department personnel in radio and television interviews has made more personal the relationship between the people of Georgia and the men who build and maintain their roads.

Newsletter
Since June 1966, this section has published a monthly fourpage newsletter, The Survey, to summarize Highway Department activities both for Department personnel and persons outside the Department, such as members of the Georgia General Assembly, city and county officials, chambers of commerce, etc. "Extra" editions were prepared for National Highway Week in 1966 and 1967 and future extras for similar special events are contemplated.
Every effort is made to insure that all content of the newsletter has been made available to the news media before it is used in the newsletter, and the news media receive the newsletter as a source of summary review of highway happenings.

Speeches
This section performs a substantial amount of speechwriting for the Department officials and seeks to supply occasional general speeches for local use by field personnel.

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Thirty-Second Report, State Highway Department of Georgia

In former years this section often delivered, as well as prepared, speeches, but the increasing activity of other spokesmen for the Department has virtually eliminated this function. This section feels that it is advantageous for several reasons for the engineers to serve as their own spokesmen, and is grateful to the Georgia Highway Department Engineers' Association for its promotion of this type of department-citizen relations.

Inquiries
Over the years an increasing public awareness and acceptance of this section has brought a substantial increase in the volume of written and telephone inquiries addressed to it from tourists, citizens, students, allied agencies, governmental officials, etc. While prepared materials and form-type letters can serve for many of these, a growing volume of special handling is required from section personnel; and pamphlets, form letters and reports, etc., must be periodically revised to reflect changing facts.

Publications, Displays and Special Events
This section has prepared a number of pamphlets, maps, etc., reproduced with the cooperation of the Division of Highway Planning, which are useful in transmitting to the public information relative to topics of general or periodic nature, such as the high cost of litter and sign vandalism, the status of the State's Interstate program, and so on.
This section also seeks to take every possible advantage of outside publications (The Georgia Professional Engineer, Trux, Dixie Contractor, etc.) to tell the Highway Department story. This office assists these magazines in preparing stories, or submits to them stories and photos prepared on a "speculative" basis for their consideration and possible use.
It also periodically prepares, or helps to prepare, displays for public functions, etc., which promote the highway program. The exhibits used are prepared by Highway Department personnel at a minimum cost, and this office is grateful for the cooperation received from other divisions whenever they are called upon for assistance.

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"Special events" include such activities as the observance of Highway Week, dedications of road projects and new Department facilities, project press tours and so on.

Photographs
This office obtains numerous photographs for the newsletter, for exhibits, for magazines and news media, and for other public information functions. Some of these are taken by section personnel, but heavy reliance is placed upon the assistance of the Division of Surveys and Aerial Mapping in seeking to meet our photographic requirements. As in the case of publications, displays and special events, the staff and space limitations of this section enable us to realize only a fraction of the potential value of photographs in an information effort.

Summary
The nature of the duties of this section makes an accurate statistical summary of its activities virtually impossible, particularly where individual inquiries are concerned. However, an informal summary of informational items issued by this section during the period covered by this report reflects the issuance of 195 news releases, 26 issues of the newsletter, 200 radio and/or TV tapes, 42 speeches, 55 special articles or reports, preparation or revision of four booklets and folders, and numerous special activities and events.

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Thirty-Second Report, State Highway Department of Georgia

Personnel Division w. W. MacDOUGALL
Personnel Director
The Personnel Division receives and analyzes applications for employment, interviews applicants, and cooperates with the division heads in the selection and assignment of qualified personnel, including engineers, technical, accounting and clerical workers.
The employment of all personnel and changes in salary, promotions, transfers, etc., are authorized by the Director of the State Highway Department, and the Personnel Division prepares or processes the necessary documents for submission to the Director. This division maintains files containing pertinent information concerning each employee, which is made available to the Director in connection with advancement of employees.
State Merit System
The State Highway Department has been operating under the State Merit System of Personnel Administration since August 10, 1949. Almost all of the positions not in the laboring class are covered by the Merit System, including engineers, draftsmen, instrumentmen, inspectors, laboratory technicians, accounting and clerical personnel.
The Personnel Division maintains liaison with the State Merit System and handles all matters pertaining to the System, such as scheduling of examinations for employees, maintaining uniformity in salary for the different job classifications, submission of the required reports, and all other details to insure compliance with the rules and regulations of the Merit System.
Employees' Retirement System
Since January 1, 1950, employees of the Highway Department who are under the Merit System have been covered by the Employees' Retirement System of Georgia, except those who were employed prior to that date and themselves elected not to become a member of the Retirement System. On July I, 1953. the

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Retirement System was extended to cover all employees of the Highway Department, regardless of Merit System status, except those who were employed at that time and preferred not to participate in the retirement plan.
An employee is eligible for retirement upon attainment of age 60 and completion of five years of membership in the System, or after 30 years of service regardless of age.
Since July 1, 1956, all employees of the Highway Department have been covered also by the Old-Age and Survivors Insurance program under the Federal Social Security law, except those who were employed at that time and elected not to participate. All matters pertaining to the Retirement System and the OldAge and Survivors Insurance program are handled within the Highway Department by the Division of Finance and Audits, which is responsible for keeping the necessary records and submitting the required reports.

Employees' Health Insurance
On July 1, 1962, employees of the Highway Department who desired to participate were enrolled under the State of Georgia Employees' Health Insurance Plan, which is administered by the State Merit System. All employees, except part-time and seasonal employees, are required to participate in this group health insurance program, on a payroll-deduction basis. This plan provides hospital insurance, basic and major medical benefits, and is of inestimable value to the employees. The Personnel Division furnishes information to the employees and assists them in filling out the necessary forms in connection with claims under the insurance program.

Workmen's Compensation
The State Highway Department is an employer within the purview of the Workmen's Compensation Act and its employees receive the benefits provided under this law for accidental injuries arising out of and in the course of their employment. These benefits include cost of medical expenses such as professional services of doctors and nurses, drugs and surgical supplies, prosthetic devices, hospital bills and other like expense incurred as a

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Thirty-Second Report, State Highway Department of Georgia

result of such injuries. In addition, the Act provides for payment for loss of time, payments to the employees' dependents, and payment of funeral expenses in death cases.
The Highway Department is self-insured. Employees are required to report all on-the-job injuries to their supervisors immediately. All such injuries are reported to the office of the Compensation Claims Executive, a unit of the Personnel Division, where claims are investigated, reports obtained from attending physicians and hospitals, and drug and medical charges are checked and approved. Claims are submitted to the State Board of Workmen's Compensation and an award is issued determining the liability of the Highway Department before any bills are paid.
The Compensation Claims Executive represents the Highway Department in hearings on compensation claims before Deputy Directors and before the State Board of Workmen's Compensation. After an award is issued, payments for loss of time and medical expenses are checked and approved for payment by the Claims Executive, who handles all correspondence with claimants, doctors, hospitals and suppliers of drugs and prosthetic devices as well as negotiations with claimant's attorneys.
Effort is made to furnish the best medical services available in order that injured employees may be able to return to work as quickly as possible. Effort is also made to secure for injured employees compensation for loss of time without undue delay. Due to the excellent communication system of the Highway Department, claims are processed with a minimum loss of time.
During the period from July 1, 1966 through June 30, 1968, a total of 2,073 compensable accident reports were received and processed through the office of the Compensation Claims Executive. In addition, 15 employees and/or dependents were receiving regular payments under previous awards. The total amount expended on all Workmen Compensation Claims during this period was $357,163.32.
The 1968 General Assembly amended the Workmen's Compensation Act and materially increased the benefits thereunder. For example, the maximum medical benefits were increased from $2,500 to $5,000; the death benefit was increased from $12,500 to $17,000; the funeral allowance was increased from $500 to

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63

$750; and the lost time payment was increased from a maximum of $37.00 to a maximum of $50.00 per week. These increases together with the rising cost of medical care will materially increase future expenditures under the Workmen's Compensation Act.

In-Service Training Program
A special system of in-service training for civil engineering graduates has been in operation for the past 18 years. Known as the Highway Engineering Training Program, it provides two years of basic engineering training in the practical aspects of highway engineering. One year's training includes work in materials and test, roadway design, bridge design, and aerial surveys. The second year's work consists of assignments on location and construction in the field. Upon completion of the training program, the employee is assigned to the division or unit of his choice.
During the training period, the trainee is under the direct control of the Director of Training. All transfers, records and reports concerning the trainee are controlled by the Director of Training.
Recruitment of trainees has become difficult due to the salary competition with private industry and the Federal Government. The Highway Department's comprehensive training program has been the primary factor in the decision of college graduates to begin work with the Department.
A six-week Highway Management Institute was conducted for 33 employees of the State Highway Department in cooperation with the Highway Management Institute at the University of Mississippi and the University of Georgia. This course was designed to supplement essential engineering capabilities with extensive training in management techniques oriented toward Highway Department operation. Participants included Highway Department managers and potential managers.

Evening School Technical Program
The Highway Department sponsors an evening school program in Highway Engineering Technology. The program is conducted in area vocational-technical schools throughout the State. Costs

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Thirty-Second Report, State Highway Department of Georgia

of the program to the student is normally limited to the cost of books and supplies and a small registration fee. The program is conducted in four terms of 16 weeks each with such subjects as Algebra, Trigonometry, Engineering Drawing, Surveying, Materials Testing, Plans Interpretation and Highway Engineering being taught. Successful students are eligible for promotion and/ or pay increases.

Correspondence Courses
The Highway Department encourages its employees to complete courses in Highway Engineering with the recognized correspondence schools. Over 200 employees are enrolled at this time. The State Merit System will give recognition for promotion to higher positions upon completion of a Highway Engineering course of study.

Cooperative Plan of Employment
The Highway Department also has in effect the cooperative plan for college students, whereby civil engineering students work with the Highway Department for three months and attend school three months, continuing through the Junior school year. This program gives the trainee an opportunity, while attending school, to coordinate engineering principles as taught with the principles of actual highway design, construction and maintenance, thereby qualifying him for a more advanced and responsible job when he receives his degree from college. Over a period of years, the Highway Department has acquired a considerable number of key engineers through the cooperative plan.
In addition to the cooperative plan for civil engineers, the Highway Department participates in a cooperative plan with Southern Technical Institute, for young men who find it necessary to get a technical degree in less time than is required in a full-course engineering school. The plan was started at Southern Technical Institute in the fall of 1957, and has been very beneficial to the Highway Department and the students.

AASHO 25-Year Award of Merit
The benefits to be derived by an organization from the long and faithful service of its employees are well known and the State Highway Department is fortunate in having a large number of

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65

employees with many years of service. During this biennium 16 employees received recognition in this respect by being presented with the Twenty-Five-Year Award of Merit of the American Association of State Highway Officials. This award, consisting of a certificate and lapel button, is conferred annually by the Association to employees in certain grades, who have had 25 years of service, either continuous or cumulative, in one or more member departments. The member departments are the 50 State highway departments, the Highway Department of Puerto Rico, the District of Columbia Highway Department, and the Bureau of Public Roads. The following employees of the State Highway Department of Georgia received the Association's Twenty-Five Year Award of Merit during 1967 and 1968.

Howell S. Brunson, Jr. George F. Carter Leon Cholost William J. Clarke Reginald D. Collins William E. Dean Edward P. Fabian J. Irvin Hendricks

Charles H. Hudson Herbert C. Johnson Rogers D. McAuliffe James B. McLaughlin Samuel A. Reed Edgar M. Shull John Donald Veal W. F. Worsham

Op erut iou of a Geodom et er, all elec tro n ic il/s/I"um el//. [ or III C(I.~lIl"il/g di stance bll lII eal/S of light w avcs .

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67

Division of Surveys and Aerial Mapping
J. Y. STRIBLING State Highway Location Engineer
The Division of Surveys and Aerial Mapping is charged with the responsibility of locating all principal highways in the State. This division also furnishes other divisions with aerial photographs when needed. The Design and Right-of-Way Divisions are furnished complete sets of photogrammetric maps with the approved route of a proposed highway shown on the maps.
Photogrammetry
Since the introduction of aerial photographs and maps made by photogrammetric methods by the Division of Surveys and Aerial Mapping, it can be conservatively stated that the cost and time on highway location and design have been reduced by 40 to 90 percent. This new method of locating highways results in better locations and designs. The method by which aerial photographs and photogrammetic maps are produced are outlined below.
This division uses an Aero Commander airplane and a Wild aerial camera which is considered an ideal combination for aerial mapping at altitudes less than 15,000 feet. Aerial pictures are taken parallel to the ground for the coverage desired and at the proper elevation for the desired finished map scale.
Photogrammetry is the science of making accurate line maps from aerial photography by means of some type of stereoplotting machine with a minimum amount of horizontal and vertical control. The trade name of the plotter is Kelsh and all of the laboratory equipment is standardized.
There are several distinct operations involved to produce maps by photogrammetric methods. The most important of these is selecting a general route from a study of aerial photographs. A corridor is then photographed at an altitude to produce the final scale of the map. When the Bureau of Public Roads tentatively approves the general route, the area to be mapped is narrowed to the required width for contour mapping. The finished maps are

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Thirty-Second Report, State Highway Department of Georgia

usually to a scale of one inch equals 100 feet with two-foot contour interval or one inch equals 200 feet with five-foot contour interval.
One important phase in contour mapping is ground controls. This operation is the actual measurement of horizontal distances on the ground between points which have been predetermined from steroscopic study of the picture, and obtaining elevations of the ground to correspond to predetermined points on the picture. Wild Theodolite transits reading to one second, Zeiss selfleveling levels and a geodometer for measuring distances are used.

Another important stage in producing photogrammetic maps is stereoplotting, This is a method of producing line and contour maps to an accurate vertical and horizontal scale by means of a stereoplotting machine. The process of making these maps is to make a base manuscript map of the area to be mapped from a coordinate system which is based on the Georgia Transverse Mercator Projection. A grid sheet is a checker board system of the State with known north, south, east and west values. The values of the known coordinate points, vertical and horizontal, are plotted on the manuscript grid sheet in their relative position to the coordinate system. The manuscript base sheet is placed on the base of the stereoplotting machine, and the area is plotted
on the grid sheet, and it is then traced on a standard size linen sheet. When prints of the finished contour maps are made they
are layed out continuously on large drawing tables for the purpose of selecting the final location of a proposed highway.
By June 1968, over 936 stereo models had been controlled by
the A-7 Autograph First Order instrument.

Surveys
The conventional field survey for road locations is still used extensively and there are 29 field survey parties operating in the six field divisions. All survey notes, except for secondary roads, are forwarded from the field divisions to the State Highway Location Engineer's office in Atlanta where they are carefully checked for possible errors or omissions and then they are turned over to the Design Divisions.

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69

Cadastrol Surveys
To date, six right-of-way projects have been completed by cadastral surveys, covering a distance of more than 70 miles along the centerline.

Film Processor
In May 1967, an automatic film processor was installed which reduced by one-fifth the time required by the old method of processing film. This time-saving equipment enables making copies of rights-of-way maps and plan and profile cover sheets for the various divisions in the General Office and the field division offices.

Work Accomplished
The following tabulation shows the amount of work produced during this biennium.

Year Ending Year Ending June 80, 1967 June 80,1968

Topographic Maps on Linen (30" x 42") 194

246

Miles of Centerline Mapping

125.6

158.1

Aerial Oblique Photographs

50

35

Aerial Vertical Contact Prints

13,564

12,576

Miles of Vertical Photography

3,507

4,674

Airplane Flying Time (Hours)

265

161

Reproductions-Contact Prints

6,455

10,532

Reproductions-Enlargements

844

1,640

Mosaics of Various Dimensions

0

9

Miles of Chaining

29.4

17.8

Miles Measured by Electronic Equipment 1,545.4

1,117.0

Miles of Levels

744.0

502.0

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Thirty-Second Report, State Highway Department of Georgia

Division of Road Design
HAL RIVES State Road Design Engineer
The Division of Road Design is responsible for the preparation of plans from the original survey notes to the final plan stage for all Federal-aid Primary and Interstate Highway projects which are located outside the urban limits of the larger municipalities. Plans are also prepared for projects utilizing Federal-aid Urban funds within the smaller cities. The Division of Road Design also has the responsibility for the coordination and general supervision of the preparation of plans for Federalaid Secondary projects in each of the field division offices.
All phases of the engineering design of each individual project are accomplished or correlated by the Division of Road Design. Included are: The types and sizes of all drainage structures; the determination of the proper roadway grades to meet the requirements for safety, drainage, speed design, economy in construction, maximum utilization of soils present in the rightof-way, and minimum right-of-way requirements; the extent of relocation and reconstruction of all utility lines affected by the project; the selection of pavement types and designs which will effect the maximum economy by utilization of natural materials available in the specific locality as well as provide the strength and stability required for the weight and volume of the anticipated traffic; the selection of lane widths, types of intersections and their detailed design; estimate of all quantities for each item of work required to completely construct the project; the assimilation, coordination and combination of all the data into a complete set of plans by which the project may be constructed. Separate plans for right-of-way acquisition are prepared for each Federal-aid Interstate and Primary project. In addition, a determination is made of the Special Provisions required to augment the State Standard Specifications to cover special items of construction required for each project, and these Special Provisions are prepared by this division.

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71

Electronic Computer
The computation of grades, drainage areas, earthwork quantities, slope stake notes, mass ordinates, interchange design data and many other miscellaneous mathematical problems are accomplished with the electronic computer. Use of the computer results in great savings in time and engineering talent. The availability of the computer has greatly accelerated the production of the large volume of completed plans required by the current Federal-aid Primary and Interstate programs.

Photoarammetru
The Division of Road Design, coordinating with the Division of Surveys and Aerial Mapping, has and is continuing to develop methods of design employing the latest photogrammetric methods. This new tool was developed primarily for use on the design of the Interstate Highway System. It has a tremendous potentiality, however, and the use of photogrammetry has now been expanded to include projects on new location on the Primary System. The use of this newest and latest highway engineering science is effecting tremendous economies in construction costs as well as engineering manpower. Georgia leads all the Southeastern States and ranks high among the States of the Nation in the degree to which it has adapted photogrammetry to the design of highways using its own forces.

Utility Relocations
Rearrangement and reconstruction of public and privately owned utility facilities to eliminate conflicts with highway construction has grown with the highway program into a major item of engineering effort and construction cost. In an effort to reduce this cost to a minimum, constant liaison is maintained with all utility owners throughout the State.
The requirements of the Bureau of Public Roads for documentation and justification of reimbursable engineering and construction costs claimed by utility owners for rearrangement of their facilities where conflicts occur on highway construction projects, and for which the State requests Federal participation, have materially increased the work required of the Division of Road Design in the accumulation of data for Utility Force Ac-

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Thirty-Second Report, State Highway Department of Georgia

count Agreements during the two fiscal years covered by this report. All construction plans prepared by this division contain completely detailed plans for the rearrangement of each utility encountered on construction whether the costs for such rearrangements are, or are not, reimbursable. These plans must be in sufficient detail to support audit of final payments to each utility owner by the auditors of the Division of Finance and Audits and to inform the roadway contractors of the extent of the work to be performed by the utility owners which must be coordinated with the construction work for the highway.

Plan Reproduction
A complete plan reproduction unit is operated by the Division of Road Design. The equipment consists of two automatic blueline printing machines, a large, plan-sheet size Xerox machine, and a self-developing photostat layout. Blueline prints and photostats of plans required by the General Office, the field divisions, the Bureau of Public Roads and the contractors are produced by this unit. Microfilming equipment, acquired in 1962, is being used in microfilming plans covering roads and bridges. This procedure will prevent excessive wear on the old tracings and provide a permanent record. The original tracings will be preserved in the Archives and Records Building after projects are completed, thus making the space presently used for storage available for current plans.

Contact with Other Agencies
The Division of Road Design maintains contact with the Bureau of Public Roads to assure that all matters pertaining to design conform to the Bureau's requirements and completed plans meet with their approval.
Contact is maintained with the various operating committees of the American Association of State Highway Officials, the American Road Builders' Association, the Highway Research Board, and with the State highway officials of other states in order that this division may keep abreast of the latest trends and developments in highway design.
Constant contact is maintained with the engineering personnel of every private utility owner, including railroads and munici-

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73

pally owned utilities, whose facilities come in contact with highway construction projects being designed.
Liaison is maintained with the Georgia Historical Commission and the Federal Soil Conservation Service. Layouts of locations of all projects for which plans are prepared are sent to these agencies during the design period. Using these plans, the Georgia Historical Commission schedules search and recovery excavation projects for significantly historial objects in advance of the road construction. The Federal Soil Conservation Service coordinates their reclamation and drainage projects with our highway projects.

Records
It is the responsibility of the Division of Road Design to assign project numbers to all State-aid projects and maintain permanent file records of the location of these projects. Accordingly, project numbers are assigned for all State Highway System projects, Post Road projects, projects of the Georgia Highway Authority and projects performed by State forces. In addition, permanent files are maintained for all original plan tracings for all projects on which plans have been prepared since the Highway Department was created. Files and inventory records are also maintained on all field survey notebooks which are sent to the General Office.

Landscape Design Section
A Landscape Design Section has been created to prepare plans for landscaping, screening automobile junkyards, and for the preservation of natural beauty and enhancement of scenic areas. Two landscape architects together with landscape draftsmen have been employed. This section will produce plans required for the expenditure of funds allocated by the Federal Government for beautification, preservation of natural beauty, and the screening of unsightly terrain adjacent to the right-of-way. Screening by planting shrubs, plants and trees is being employed to hide the many unsightly junkyards of discarded automobile hulks, which exist throughout the State. This section is also being used to produce designs that will incorporate the existing natural beauty of the Georgia landscape into the highways without the use of additional plantings.

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Thirty-Second Report, State Highway Department of Georgia

Critical Path
A Critical Path Method of scheduling various phases in the preparation of plans is being followed. From this scheduling the completion of each step in the design and the final completion date of each project can be anticipated. The schedule for all projects on the Interstate program has been computed based on a logical sequence of the various operations. This method is followed from the time project is programmed to final completion. It assures an orderly and efficient work schedule, eliminates delays, and will produce complete plans in a minimum length of time.

Plans Prepared
During the year ending June 30, 1967, plans were completed to the letting stage for 235 miles of Interstate highways, consisting of 50 miles of grading, two miles of grading and paving, 131 miles of signs, and 52 miles of fencing. Also plans were completed for four rest areas. In the same period, plans were designed for 60 miles of Federal-aid Primary highways. Plans were also designed for 68 widening and resurfacing projects with length of approximately 810 miles for the Georgia Highway Authority. Plans were prepared to the letting stage for six projects covering the installation of protective devices at unsafe railroadhighway crossings.
During the year ending June 30, 1968, plans were completed to the letting stage for two miles of grading and 43 miles of grading and paving on the Interstate System. In addition, plans were prepared for 70 miles of signs, 3 miles of fencing, and 34 miles of resurfacing. Plans were prepared for 19 wells in rest areas on previously paved Interstate highways. Primary plans were completed for 52 miles of grading and paving. Plans were prepared for 192 widening and resurfacing projects covering approximately 1,360 miles of roadway for the Georgia Highway Authority. Plans were drawn for three signal projects to protect dangerous railroad-highway crossings. These projects were for the erection of automatic flashing light signals, bells and/or short arm gates.

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75

As of June 30, 1968, plans were on the drawing boards in various stages of completion for 95 Federal-aid Primary projects and 23 Interstate projects, over 584 miles in length.

Federal-aid Secondary Projects
Plans for Federal-aid Secondary projects were prepared for the period covered by this report in the field division offices under direct supervision of an Assistant State Road Design Engineer assigned for that purpose. During the fiscal year ending June 30, 1967, projects were let to contract for 167 miles of improvements. The total cost of these projects was approximately $12,340,000 with an average estimated cost per mile of approximately $74,000. During this same period one Urban Secondary project was let with a length of approximately 0.795 mile at a total cost of approximately $274,000.
During the fiscal year ending June 30, 1968, projects were let to contract for approximately 211 miles of construction. The total cost of these projects was approximately $15 million and the average estimated cost per mile was approximately $70,000.

Mu cou' by pa ss l nt c rs ta te R ou te, 1-1, 7.5, was contple te d a nd opened to t ra f f ic d uriiu) th e bielllliu lIl.

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77

Division of Urban Design
LEWIS E. PARKER State Highway Urban Engineer
The Division of Urban Design is responsible for the design and preparation of construction plans for highway projects on the Federal-aid Urban, Primary, Secondary and Interstate systems inside the major urban areas of Georgia.
During the two years covered by this report, contracts were awarded for Urban and Interstate projects designed by this Division in the Atlanta, Macon, Columbus and Savannah urban areas for 26.294 miles of highways amounting to $27,918,128. In addition, the Division of Bridges prepared plans for bridges on urban projects amounting to $10,091,171.
Urban Areas
The Federal-aid Highway Act of 1944, re-enacted as Title 23, United States Code, defines an "urban area" as an area including and adjacent to a municipality or other urban place of 5,000 or more, as shown by the latest Federal census. For this purpose, the term "latest available Federal census" means the latest published official census, decennial or special.
The Act provided that the boundaries of urban areas would be fixed by the highway department of each State, subject to the approval of the Bureau of Public Roads. Each area has to include at least the incorporated area of the municipality but may extend outside the corporate limits to include areas which are urban in character. Satellite communities, such as city suburbs in a metropolitan area, may be included regardless of size. Thus, by the establishment of these urban areas, highway planning for the whole community without regard to corporate boundaries and political subdivisions is being facilitated.
Based upon reports prepared by the Division of Highway Planning, urban area boundaries have been fixed and approved by the Bureau of Public Roads for all places classified as urban areas, according to the 1960 census. The 53 urban areas in Georgia are listed below. Atlanta includes East Point, College Park,

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Thirty-Second Report, State Highway Department of Georgia

Hapeville, Decatur, Avondale Estates, North Atlanta, and several other communities. The town of Rossville is included in the urban area of Chattanooga, Tennessee.

Albany Americus Athens Atlanta Augusta Bainbridge Brunswick Cairo Carrollton Cartersville Cedartown Columbus Cordele Covington Dalton Dawson Douglas Dublin Eastman Elberton Fitzgerald Forest Park Fort Valley Gainesville Griffin Jesup LaFayette

LaGrange Mableton (unincor-
porated) Macon Marietta-Smyrna Milledgeville Monroe Moultrie Newnan Perry Quitman Rome Rossville Sandersville Savannah Statesboro Swainsboro Thomaston Thomasville Tifton Toccoa Valdosta Vidalia Warner Robins Waycross Waynesboro Winder

Federal-aid Urban funds may be expended only on the extensions of the Federal-aid Primary and Secondary Systems within the established urban area. Minor street improvements, repaving, and other work inside curb lines is not eligible for the expenditure of Urban funds.
The Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1962 provided that after July 1, 1965, a Federal-aid project in an urban area of more than fifty thousand population shall not be approved by the Bureau of Public Roads unless such project is based on a continuing, comprehensive transportation planning process carried on coopera-

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79

tively by the State Highway Department and the local communities. The seven cities in Georgia in this category are Albany, Atlanta, Augusta, Columbus, Macon, Savannah, and the part of the urban area of Chattanooga, Tennessee, in Georgia (Rossville). These urban transportation studies are being conducted by the Division of Highway Planning and further information is contained in that division's section of this report.

In order to comply with the above Federal requirements and to assure that local and State funds are utilized to maximum advantage, close liaison and cooperation are required between the Division of Urban Design, the Division of Highway Planning and local officials, including planning agencies in urban areas.

The Division of Urban Design is responsible for all phases of the engineering design of each individual project, including but not limited to the following: Location of projects in urban areas; right-of-way plans for the larger projects in the Atlanta area; preliminary and final layouts for roadway and interchanges; drainage design; coordinating the planning for relocating and reconstructing all utility lines affected by the project; preparation of pavement design documentation and analysis; correlating traffic desires furnished by the Division of Highway Planning into the proposed roadway design; the assimilation, coordination, and combination of all data into a complete set of plans by which the project may be constructed.

Frequently more time and effort are expended on preliminary studies of alternate locations and on alternate studies of interchange or intersection layouts than is required for completion of final plans after agreement is reached on where and what should be constructed.

Currently preliminary studies are being conducted for future projects in the metropolitan areas of Atlanta, Augusta, Columbus, Macon, Rome and Savannah. Some of these projects will be advanced to the contract stage during the next biennium; final plans for others may not be completed for several years.

In addition, final plans are currently being prepared for projects in the Atlanta, Brunswick, Columbus, Macon and Savannah urban areas.

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Thirty-Second Report, State Highway Department of Georgia

Public Utilities
Urban projects invariably involve major conflicts with public utility facilities of all types. These include water, sanitary sewer, power, gas, telephone, street lighting, public transit, airports, fire alarm systems and any other facility devoted to public use. The cost of relocating public utilities is a major factor to be considered in locating and designing highways in urban areas. During preparation for final plans every utility conflict must be located and the disposition of the conflict shown on the construction plans. Close liaison is maintained with utility owners at all stages of preliminary and final plan preparation. As soon as final plans are advanced to the stage that conflicts can be determined, utility owners are requested to prepare plans showing the rearrangement of their facilities. On complex projects, one or more conferences may be held with representatives of the Highway Department and utility owners to determine the most feasible and economical manner of relocating or adjusting the utilities in conflict with the proposed construction. The Division of Urban Design works closely with the Division of Utilities to insure that the location of all existing utilities and their final disposition is shown in the plans and that any special scheduling requirements are covered in the contract.

Electronic Computer
The Division of Urban Design has continued to make use of the electronic computer, operated in the Division of Finance and Audits. The division maintains direct liaison with the computer center and has instituted the use of various programs which make it possible to obtain accurate computations which effect savings of many man-hours and accomplish improved highway designs.

Photogrammetric Processes
This division has continued to make extensive use of aerial photographs and photogrammetically compiled maps prepared by the Division of Surveys and Aerial Mapping.

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81

Division of Bridges
RUSSELL L. CHAPMAN, JR. State Highway Bridge Engineer
The primary function of the Division of Bridges is the design and subsequent preparation of plans for the various structures required as part of a road system. These structures include not only bridges-carrying highways over streams, railroads, and other highways, and railroads over highways-but minor structures such as reinforced concrete box culverts for drainage, cattle passes, as well as major reinforced concrete retaining walls to contain high earth fill or cut sections, and pedestrian access structures over highways.
Other important functions of this division are the general supervision of bridge construction throughout the State via direct liaison between the Bridge Engineer and the Field Division Engineers and contractors; the training of new engineers who are enrolled in the Highway Engineering Training Program and who rotate through the Bridge Division; the preparation of Special Provisions and Specifications applicable to bridge construction; cooperation with the Division of Maintenance when problems arise concerning structural aspects of existing bridges; cooperation with the Truck Weighing Unit concerning acceptable routes under certain load and vertical height conditions; cooperation with various divisions of the Department relative to inventory of all bridges and bridge culverts on the State Highway System; and the maintenance of internal records and maps required to fulfill these functions.
Additionally, the Bridge Division is highly active in the field of electronic data processing, in cooperation with the Computer Section of the Division of Finance and Audits. Computer programs are developed and refined by personnel of the Bridge Division for use in structural design, geometries (triangulation, coordinates, distances, angles, and elevations), and in quantity calculations. These programs and their output save an immense number of man-hours of work, as well as giving the advantages of extremely thorough coverage and accuracy of results.
The functions of design, plan preparation, etc., generally follow the steps outlined below:

9

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Thirty-Second Report, State Highway Department of Georgia

1. Survey and its follow-up drafting, by others.
2. Preparation of Preliminary Layout and hydraulic analysis, with the latter being made in cooperation with the U. S. Geological Survey for major stream crossings.
3. Approval of Preliminary Layout by the U. S. Bureau of Public Roads (required for Primary, Urban, and Interstate projects only).
4. Request for and receipt of a Bridge Foundation Investigation Report (borings) from the Materials Laboratory's Soils Section.
5. Design, detailing, and tracing of plans, along with estimated quantity and cost calculations.
6. Transmittal of plans and cost estimate.
7. Advertising and award to low bidder, by the State Highway Office Engineer.
8. Checking of structural steel shop drawings prepared by the low bidder's fabricator.
9. Construction and its periodic inspection by a representative of the Bridge Division.
10. Revisions of plans and quantities during construction, as required.
11. Final acceptance inspection.

On occasion, due to volume of work and a shortage of bridge design engineers, some projects are designed by consulting engineers selected by the Department strictly in accordance with guidelines set forth by the Bureau of Public Roads. The selection of these engineers is based, among other things, upon their past experience, performance in this field, qualification and education of their personnel, and their proposed lump sum fixed fee. This fee is carefully analyzed by the Bridge Division.
When it is necessary to engage the services of consultants, the Bridge Division is responsible for receiving and approving their proposal, with Public Roads' concurrence, drafting of the contract, and processing it through the Department as well as through the office of the Attorney General. These contracts pro-

Thirty-Second Report, State Highway Department of Georgia

83

vide, on a bridge-by-bridge basis, payment for the preparation of preliminary plans, final construction drawings, and the checking of shop drawings. Occasionally, the contract will provide payment for an economic study to be made of alternate schemes in order that the most economical, satisfactory solution may be realized. All consultant work is carefully monitored by a senior member of the Bridge Division during the life of the contract, and it is always under the general supervision of the State Highway Bridge Engineer and his appropriate assistants.
During this biennium the Bridge Division designed and prepared plans for 245 bridges having a total estimated construction cost of over $19 million. This does not include the value of any work done by consultants.

Typical Bridge Projects
Following are descriptions of a few typical bridge projects let to contract during this biennium. The costs shown represent bid prices on bridge items of work only.

Project FG-013-2 (7) Hall County
A portion of U. S. 23 was relocated southwest of Lula, resulting in replacement of a dangerous, narrow underpass at the Southern Railway. The new structure, 225 feet long, with a 28foot roadway, carries highway traffic over the railroad. Cost $135,500.

Project S-2111 (1) Burke-Richmond Counties
This Federal-aid Secondary improvement, located on county roads between State Route 80 and Hephzibah, replaced old, inadequate, timber bridges over Brier Creek and McBean Creek with modern structures 640 feet and 140 in length, respectively. Cost $229,500.

Project F-OOl-4 (9) Spalding County
This work, still active, includes eight bridges at five sites on the new West Griffin Bypass, State Route 333, which, when completed, will provide a new, divided 4-lane highway around Griffin, connecting with the completed portion extending northwest of Barnesville. Cost $748,300.

9

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Thirty-Second Report, State Highway Department of Georgia

Project RAB-6 SP-906 (8), (9), (10) Atkinson-Berrien Counties
This improvement, financed by the Georgia Highway Authority, replaced five old bridges on U. S. 82 between Waycross and Tifton, at the Alapaha and Willacoochee Rivers and Red Bluff Creek. Total length is 1,920 feet. The old bridges, built in 1931, were deficient in width and in structural capacity. Cost $522,000.

Project 1-95-1 (15) 84, Contract 2, Bryan-Chatham Counties
This coastal Interstate contract near Richmond Hill will provide parallel bridges over the powerful Ogeechee River and the lesser Little Ogeechee River, plus overflow bridges at the former. Eight bridges at four sites. Cost $1,616,400.

Project RAB-4 SP1981-A (10) Haralson County
A project of the Georgia Highway Authority, this improvement will relieve the Maintenance Division of a major headache at the Tallapoosa River on U. S. 78, near the Alabama line. The old bridge, posted now for a 10-ton load limit, has been damaged from being struck by trucks. Cost $163,200.

Thirty-Second Report, State Highway Department of Georgia

85

Division of Right. of. Way
JOE E. BROWN State Highway Right-oj-Way Engineer
The prime responsibility of the Division of Right-of-Way is to acquire the rights-of-way necessary for the construction of all projects on the State Highway System. All rights-of-way acquired by the county for construction under county contracts, Post Road projects, and projects of the Georgia Highway Authority are also processed by the Division of Right-of-Way prior to the authorization of construction contracts. The Division of Right-of-Way also maintains complete and permanent records on all deeds, easements, condemnations, contracts, title information and fiscal transactions related to highway right-of-way acquisition. All related activities in connection with right-of-way acquisition, including surplus property management and disposal, relocation assistance and payments, and liaisons with the general public and government agencies, are the responsibility of the Division of Right-of-Way. Right-of-Way personnel also work with the State Law Department and other divisions of the Highway Department in maintaining the rights-of-way free of encroachments.
Organization
The Division of Right-of-Way is composed of a central organization located in the State Highway Department's General Office, supported by a right-of-way section in each of six field division offices. All right-of-way activity is under direction of the State Highway Right-of-Way Engineer, who is responsible for developing and administering policies and procedures, methods and regulations relating to right-of-way acquisition and the management and disposal of real properties acquired for rightof-way purposes. All appraisals, payments, reimbursements, and right-of-way plans are processed through the General Office where all records are preserved and liaison is maintained with the Bureau of Public Roads and other operating divisions of the Highway Department. The right-of-way sections in the field divisions work under the direct authority of the Field Division Engineers; however, these right-of-way units collaborate with the General Office and all right-of-way matters are subject to the final review and decision of the State Highway Right-of-Way Engineer.

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Thirty-Second Report, State Highway Department of Georgia

Policies and Procedures
All rights-of-way acquired for public roads in which State funds are utilized in any phase of the construction or reconstruction are processed through the Division of Right-of-Way. State and Federal funds participate in the cost of rights-of-way for all Primary, Urban and Interstate projects with Federal participation of 50 per cent for Primary and Urban projects and 90 per cent for Interstate projects. The counties and cities, acting as acquisition agencies for the State through contractual agreements, with right-of-way personnel assistance, perform the necessary administrative work in acquiring the rights-of-way, including the negotiation for options, parcel closures and the filing and prosecution of condemnations. Payment to property owners and for all miscellaneous services are made by the acquisition agency with reimbursement being made by the State in accordance with the terms of acquisition contracts.

The acquisition of rights-of-way for Primary, Urban and Interstate projects, in which Federal funds participate, must be in accordance with policies and procedures as promulgated by the Bureau of Public Roads as a prerequisite to the State's collection of the Federal pro rata share of the cost. These policies and procedures cover every phase of the acquisition program from the preparation of the plans and appraisal of the properties to be acquired to the final closure of the parcels and clearance of obstructions from the right-of-way. These policies and procedures change from time to time with requirements being upgraded and modified to comply with new State and Federal laws. During this biennium there has been no major policy or procedure changes that would affect the right-of-way program to any appreciable extent. Several changes of a minor nature have been implemented involving appraisal procedures and requirements.

Federal-Aid Primary and Urban Projects
The acquisition of rights-of-way for Primary and Urban projects is financed with State and Federal funds with the counties, or cities in the case of Urban projects, participating in the actual right-of-way cost to a nominal degree as stipulated in the Right-of-Way Acquisition Contracts. Under the provisions of this contract, the counties or cities also furnish certain incidental items associated with the acquisition procedure, such as those

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87

costs involved in appraisals, negotiations, title checks, parcel closures, and condemnation procedures.
During this biennium $9,200,000 was expended for rights-ofway on Primary and Urban projects which approximately doubles that spent during the previous period. This is attributable to large portions of the acquisition being in or near urban areas involving high-priced properties. The above expenditures involved the acquisition of 1,410 parcels on 30 projects, totaling 95 miles in length.

Interstate System

During this biennium a total of 143 miles of Interstate rightsof-way have been acquired, consisting of 1,609 parcels on 46 different projects and costing $15,692,028. The mileage is approximately the same as that acquired during the previous biennium, however, the expenditure has increased about 100 per cent. This is primarily due to high expenditures made for expensive urban properties in or near Atlanta on Projects 1-285 and 1-485 and extensive purchases of residential properties on Project 1-75 in the City of Macon.

The following table indicates the status of right-of-way acquisition for the various authorized Interstate route sections for the State of Georgia, as of June 30, 1968.

Route Section
1-16-1 1-20-1 1-20-2 1-24-1 1-59-1 1-75-1 1-75-2 1-75-3 1-85-1 1-85-2 1-95-1 1-285-1 1-475-1 1-485-1

Description

Total Mileage

Macon-Savannah

164.8

Atlanta-Birmingham

56.2

Atlanta-Augusta

144.5

Dade County Loop

4.1

Chattanooga-Birmingham 19.3

Lake City, Florida-Macon 164.1

Macon-Atlanta

85.9

Atlanta-Chattanooga

101.5

Atlanta-Montgomery

77.1

Atlanta-Greenville

94.9

Sa vannah-Jacksonville 111.4

Atlanta Circumferential 61.6

Macon Bypass

14.8

Atlanta 1-75, 1-85 Connector 5.2

Mileage Acquired
77.7 21.4 129.6
4.1 19.3 163.5 85.9 77.5 49.9 94.9 41.0 61.6 14.8
1.7

Per Cent Acquired
47% 38% 90% 100% 100% 99% 100% 76% 65% 100% 37% 100% 100% 33%

1105.4

842.9

76%

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Thirty-Second Report, State Highway Department 0/ Georgia

It will be noted from the table above that right-of-way acquisition for six route sections has been completed and these sections are now under construction or have been completed. One other section, 1-75-1 from the Florida line to Macon, is substantially complete and only one project remains to be completed on 1-20-2, Atlanta to Augusta. Plans and right-of-way acquisition activities are progressing favorably for Interstate sections 1-85-1, AtlantaMontgomery, and 1-95-1, Savannah-Jacksonville, and it is anticipated these sections will be completed during the next biennium providing that adequate Federal funds are available. The completion of the Interstate System originally planned for 1972 has been extended until June 30, 1974. This means that for construction to be completed by that date all right-of-way acquisition must be completed by June 1972 or earlier.
The procedure for acquiring rights-of-way for Interstate projects is similar to that used for Primary and Urban projects except that State and Federal funds pay for the entire actual right-of-way cost and participate to a great extent in the incidental costs. The only cost borne by the counties or cities is administrative cost in the negotiation procedure and court costs under condemnation action.

Appalachian Highway System
Under the Appalachian Regional Development Act of 1965, Congress authorized the construction of certain new highways and the improvement of certain inadequate sections of existing highways as part of the Appalachian Development Highway System. Georgia's portion of the approved Appalachian corridor consists of 86.4 miles of new or improved roadway. The approved corridor extends from 1-285 north of Atlanta to the North Carolina line north of Young Harris in Towns County. This is primarily a four-lane highway with either full or partially controlled access.
During this biennium 18.6 miles of right-of-way in Fulton County was acquired, consisting of 201 parcels and costing $3,788,524.

Right-oj-Way For Secondary Roads
Right-of-way for Federal-aid Secondary projects, Post Road projects, and projects of the Georgia Highway Authority are

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89

acquired by the counties without cost to the State or Federal Government. Usually the counties are able to secure the rightsof-way without excessive cost as roads under this category are primarily used by local farm-to-market traffic and are beneficial in particular to local property owners and traffic generated in the immediate area. These roads make land areas in the vicinity more accessible and generally tend to increase property values. Realizing this, the property owners are usually willing to donate the right-of-way in order to receive the benefits the new or improved road provides. In instances where condemnations are necessary the awards are, in general, reasonable.
All rights-of-way for the roads on the State System are acquired in the name of the State on regular standard deed forms. Where condemnation is necessary the county condemns in the name of the State by authority of the Attorney General. For roads not on the State system, rights-of-way are acquired in the name of the county on either regular standard deed forms or on blanket deeds. For Authority projects, the county acquires the property in the name of the county and deeds the right-of-way to the Authority. .

For the two-year period covered by this report, right-of-way consisting of 1,788 parcels was acquired on 364 miles of 87 Federal-aid Secondary projects. Right-of-way was also acquired on approximately 271 miles of 67 State-financed Post Road projects and 2,142 miles of 212 Authority projects. In addition to the above, right-of-way certification documents and allied papers were processed through the Division of Right-of-Way for numerous county contract projects.

Relocation Advisory Service
The relocation advisory assistance program was activated by the Division of Right-of-Way during November 1962 for all Federal-aid projects in accordance with the provisions of the FederalAid Highway Act of 1962. This service provides assistance to families, individuals, or businesses displaced as a result of the acquisition of right-of-way for Federal-aid highway projects. Under this program, personnel of the Division of Right-of-Way, in collaboration with various Federal and local governmental agencies, assists the persons and businesses displaced in finding other comparable living quarters or business locations.

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Thirty-Second Report, State Highway Department of Georgia

The 1966 session of the General Assembly supplemented the above program by the passage of Act No. 583 (House Bill No. 105) which provides for the payment of moving costs for persons, families, and business entities displayed by the acquisition of rights-of-way for all projects in which Federal funds participate in right-of-way cost. The program was implemented on May 18, 1966, and payments are now being made with a maximum payment of $200 for an indivdual or family, and $3,000 for a business, non-profit organization or farm. During this biennium $98,074.50 has been paid to 1,188 displayed families or individuals and $37,853.95 as moving cost to 57 business enterprises.

Surplus Property Disposal
A high percentage of rights-of-way acquired, particularly in urban areas, contains some type of improvement. These improvements in the main are residential buildings or commercial establishments and vary from highly depreciated structures to hightype, modern construction. As a general rule, the type of improvement usually found is in the highly depreciated classifications as highways, where possible, are located to avoid areas where expensive-type improvements exist. In addition to buildings, the State must under certain circumstances purchase equipment, furnishings and other items which the courts have declared to be realty.
After the State has acquired the rights-of-way, it is necessary that all improvements be removed in order that the project can be released for construction. It is to the public interest that the improvements be disposed of in such manner so as to provide the highest recovery of the initial cost possible. The method which has proved to be the most successful is to advertise the individual items for sale with sealed bids accepted and award made to the high bidder. Advertising and acceptance of bids is handled by the State Supervisor of Purchases under authority of Executive Orders issued for each individual project by the Governor of Georgia with the Division of Right-of-Way supervising the removal and demolition of improvements by the successful bidders.
The amount of recovery varies. depending on location of the project, the age and condition of the available buildings, the number of bidders, the local demand and many other factors in-

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91

fluencing the surplus material and housing market. Recovery has averaged approximately 15 per cent for modern, frame buildings and 25 per cent for brick veneer buildings suitable for relocation. For older buildings not suitable for economical relocation, the recovery is very small and in highly congested areas in urban centers it is necessary to actually pay for the demolition of buildings. This is accomplished by advertising such buildings on a plus or minus basis with the bidder offering either to pay for the building or to remove the building from the right-of-way as a pay item. Awards are made to the bidder whose aggregate bid is most advantageous to the State.
During this biennium surplus improvements, consisting primarily of 319 items of miscellaneous buildings, have been sold for a total amount of $214,847 on 31 different projects. In addition, it was necessary for the State to pay demolition firms $295,753 for clearing from the right-of-way 838 buildings which were unsuitable for salvage or relocation. These buildings were located on four different projects in old, highly congested areas in the cities of Atlanta and Macon.

Control and Protection 0/ Right-o/-Way
Maintaining the public highway right-of-way free of encroachments and safe for public travel and economical maintenance is a problem that requires close and constant vigilance by Highway Department personnel. An all-out effort is being made to prevent the construction of any new encroachments and old encroachments of long standing are gradually being eliminated. The public is by degrees being educated to respect the integrity of the rightof-way and generally has been very cooperative with Highway Department personnel in removing existing enroachments and abstaining from further violations. Right-of-way encroachments primarily consist of the erection of various types of structures, fences, and signs, parking illegally, dumping debris, excavation activities or using the right-of-way as service areas in business operations. Protecting the right-of-way is a joint responsibility of the Division of Traffic Engineering and Safety, field division engineering and maintenance personnel, right-of-way personnel in the field and General Office, and the State Law Department.
Maintaining the highway right-of-way free of encroachments is not only desirable from a safety and esthetic viewpoint, but is



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Thirty-Second Report, State Highway Department 0/ Georgia

necessary in order to comply with Federal regulations for Federal-aid projects. These regulations contain the following provisions:
The rights-of-way provided for Federal-aid highway projects shall be held inviolate for public highway purposes. No project shall be accepted as complete until all encroachments have been removed from the right-of-way. No signs (other than traffic, warning and directional signs), posters, billboards, automotive service stations or other commercial establishments for serving motor-vehicle users, roadside stands or any other private installations shall be permitted within the right-of-way limits; neither shall any portion of the rights-of-way be used in connection with any private business or undertaking.
The State has also adopted Rules and Regulations for the Control and Protection of State Highway Rights-of-way. These regulations were initially adopted during 1951 with the latest revision having been issued effective August 15, 1963. The foreword of the publication of these regulations states in part as follows:

The laws of Georgia provide that lands obtained for State Highway rights-of-way shall be held inviolate for public highway purposes and shall be preserved as such by proper protection against the appropriation of said lands for uses other than those for which they were procured. No deed shall be issued or act allowed to alter the title of the State to the said lands for public highway purposes.
These regulations also give full instructions for the issuance of permits for such encroachments as are legally permissible and give full engineering data as to acceptable designs for driveways and entrances.

Thirty-Second Report, State Highway Department of Georgia

93

Division of Utilities
ROSCOE C. TATE State Highway Utilities Engineer
The Division of Utilities is responsible for the coordination of railroad and utility matters between the several divisions of the Highway Department and the railroad and utility owners. This division is also responsible for developing and administering policies and procedures, methods and regulations in conformance with current law related to highway-utility matters. This division furnishes functional guidance to the Division of Road Design, the Division of Urban Design and to the Field Division Engineers in implementing the policies and procedures of the Highway Department in matters concerned with railroad and utility adjustments, relocations and encroachments.
The Division of Utilities is under the direction of the State Highway Utilities Engineer who is assisted by four engineers in the General Office and approximately 20 representatives of the Utilities Sections of the six field divisions.
Functions and Activities
Through representatives in the six field divisions, the Division of Utilities works cooperatively with the various railroads and utility owners in the following activities:
1. Coordinating the highway program with the planned expansions of railroad and utility facilities.
2. Preparing plans and estimates of cost for the relocation or adjustment of facilities that are in conflict with proposed highway construction.
3. Preparing and executing contracts for the elimination of railroad and utility conflicts with proposed highway construction.

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Thirty-Second Report, State Highway Department of Georgia

4. Coordinating the activities of the railroad and utility owner with those of the highway contractor through preconstruction conferences and continuing consultation during the course of the construction of the project.

5. Insuring that utility encroachments within highway rightsof-way by permit are in conformity with regulations, good construction practices and are generally consistent with the public interest.

This division handles with the Bureau of Public Roads for the approval of all contracts with railroads and utility owners when Federal funds are involved. This division issues authorizations to the railroads and utility owners for accomplishing the work necessary for adjusting or relocating their facilities in conflict with construction and maintenance activities. All change orders
involving railroads and utilities are reviewed by this division.
All bills rendered by railroads and utilities are checked by this
division before being transmitted to the Treasurer for audit and
payment.

Permits for permissible railroad and utility encroachments on the State Highway right-of-way originate in the field divisions, with appropriate recommendations by the Field Division Engineer. These permits are forwarded to the General Office and the Division of Utilities reviews the application and submits the permit to the State Highway Engineer for approval.

For the period beginning January 1, 1967, and ending June 30, 1968, the Division of Utilities prepared 286 contracts with utility owners for reimbursements with State and Federal funds exceeding $3,250,000. It is estimated that for every dollar reimbursed to the utility by the Department, the utility will expend approximately $5 of their own funds in the removal of highway conflicts or plant expansions that were coordinated with highway construction.

During this biennium 6,062 permits were issued to utility owners permitting them to install facilities on or across highway right-of-way.

Thirty-Second Report, State Highway Department of Georgia

95

Liaison
Besides coordinating highway-utility activities with the larger telephone, power and gas companies operating in Georgia, the Division of Utilities maintains liaison with 55 independent telephone companies, 42 electric cooperatives, and numerous cityand county-owned utilities, along with the major railroads and small independent railroads operating in the State. This is accomplished through personal contacts between individual utilities and the General Office and field division personnel supplemented by meetings in each field division which are attended by representatives of the utilities and Highway Department personnel.

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Thirty-Second Report, State Highway Department of Georgia

Division of Contracts and Estimates s. H. SLADE
State Highway Office Engineer
The Division of Contracts and Estimates is responsible for the preparation and processing of documents pertaining to the construction of projects under the various programs established by the Highway Department. When the plans for a project are completed and approved, they are turned over to this division to carry out the remaining administrative steps leading to the final completion of the construction work.
Estimates and Proposals
When construction plans are received, this office prepares detailed cost estimates, bid proposals, and notices to contractors on each project. On projects involving Federal funds these documents must be approved by the Bureau of Public Roads.
Detailed cost estimates become a basis for allocation of engineering, construction and supervision funds, as well as a basis for comparison of bids received.
Proposals specify the construction to be accomplished and include a detailed listing of all bid items and quantities for the project, as well as all supplemental specifications and special provisions peculiar to that project. The Standard Specifications also become, by reference, an integral part of the proposal.
Notices to contractors indicate the general nature of proposed construction, the date, time and place for receiving and opening proposals, and a detailed listing of bid items and quantities comprising the project. These notices are mailed to all qualified contractors and are published as official advertising in the legal organs of the various counties in which the projects are located.
Bids and Contracts
On the date established in the notices, proposals are opened and the totals announced in the presence of the general public, the State Highway Engineer and the State Highway Director.

Thirty-Second Report, State Highway Department of Georgia

97

The complete results are later tabulated and the correct low bidder ascertained. When the low bids are approved by the State Highway Director, and by the Bureau of Public Roads when Federal funds are involved, the contract and bond are prepared for execution by the contractor, bonding company, and the State Highway Director. When the contracts have been executed, this office authorizes construction and prepares detailed contract price estimates reflecting the funds to be provided by the Treasurer for the construction of the project and its engineering and supervision. These estimates are also used for reviewing all statements for payment to contractors and as a basis for the project agreements with the Bureau of Public Roads for projects involving Federal funds.

Monthly Statements
In accordance with the specifications governing construction work, the field division offices submit monthly statements covering work accomplished on which payments to the contractors should be made. These statements are reviewed and then passed for payment to the Division of Finance and Audits. Upon completion of a project, the field division office submits the final statement, with complete details attached. This entire final statement is then reviewed, including all the tabulations and computations, to verify the quantities as shown on the face of the statement.

Statements to Support Reimbursement Vouchers
This office prepares itemized statements for support of reimbursement progress vouchers and final vouchers on each project involving Federal funds. The statements in support of final vouchers show construction costs for each type and width of roadway, as well as cost breakdowns for signs, fencing, erosion control, landscaping, lighting, bridges, bridge culverts, underpasses, etc. Costs of preliminary engineering, construction engineering and supervision, utility adjustments, right-of-way, and other costs incidental to the project are also itemized in such statements. These statements are used by the Division of Finance and Audits in preparation and support of vouchers claiming reimbursement from the Federal Government.

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Thirty-Second Report, State Highway Department of Georgia

Electronic Data Processing
Electronic data processing is utilized in the preparation of cost estimates, itemized proposal forms, and notices to contractors. Current planning is directed toward extending such utilization into a total contract information system for coordinating, controlling, and recording all requisite information for each contract, from receipt of construction plans to final acceptance and payment. Such system will automate the processing of most contract documents, expedite payments and reimbursements, and provide accurate, up-to-date information relative to each project.

Change Orders and Supplemental Agreements
This division is responsible for the handling of all changes that may occur in connection with the construction of the project. Contingencies frequently arise that could not be foreseen when the plans were prepared, and this division is responsible for the proper approval of such changes. These changes are handled by change orders, construction changes, or supplemental agreements. In cases where it is impracticable to establish unit prices for supplemental agreements, the work is done by force account and the force account bills are handled through this office for review. On projects involving Federal funds, approval of the Bureau of
Public Roads is obtained for the changes occurring during construction, so that the Federal Government will participate in the
increased cost due to such changes.

Files
This division is responsible for maintaining the central files of the General Office.

Office Equipment and Supplies
During the period covered by this report, the Assistant State Highway Office Engineer, in addition to serving as the principal assistant to the State Highway Office Engineer, was responsible also for the general direction of the Office Equipment and Supplies Unit. Effective July 1, 1968, this unit was placed under the general supervision of the Treasurer.

Thirty-Second Report, State Highway Department of Georgia

99

The Office Equipment and Supplies Unit is under the immediate supervision of the Supplies and Property Supervisor. This unit prepares requisitions for office supplies and equipment, drafting equipment and engineering supplies, and accepts or rejects purchased items as meeting the specifications set forth on requisitions. Supplies and equipment are received, stored and issued on requisitions from the divisions in the General Office and the field divisions. Perpetual inventory records are maintained.

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Thirty-Second Report, State Highway Department of Georgia

Contracts Awarded by State Highway Department July 1, 1966 to June 30, 1967

FEDERAL-AID INTERSTATE PROJECTS

Number of Underpasses Number of Bridges Length of Bridges Grading
Bituminous Surfacing Concrete Pavement
Total Length All Types of Work Total Cost All Types of Work

_ _ _ _

14 23
0.487 Mile 24.726 Miles

_

24.984 Miles

_

8.318 Miles

_

58.515 Miles

_

$30,168,712.00

FEDERAL-AID PRIMARY PROJECTS

Number of Underpasses Number of Bridges Length of Bridges Length of Bridges Repaired Grading
Bituminous Surfacing Resurfacing Concrete Pavement
Total Length All Types of Work Total Cost All Types of Work

_

14

_ _

26 0.939 Mile

_ _

0.028 Mile 0.575 Mile

_ _ _

38.553 Miles 3.902 Miles 9.608 Miles

_

53.605 Miles

_

$27,936,102.00

FEDERAL-AID URBAN PROJECTS

Number of Bridges Length of Bridges
Bituminous Surfacing Concrete Pavement

_ _
_ _

6 0.214 Mile 2.731 Miles
3.829 Miles

Total Length All Types of Work

_

6.774 Miles

Total Cost All Types of Work

_

$ 5,214,835.00

FEDERAL-AID LANDSCAPE PROJECTS

Number of Landscape Projects Total Cost

_ _

33

$ 550,544.00

FEDERAL-AID APPALACHIAN DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS

~~~~f~~si~~~:~~~~_,::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

5.254 Miles $ 4,545,630.00

Thirty-Second Report, State Highway Department of Georgia

101

Contracts Awarded by State Highway Department July 1, 1966 to June 90, 1967

FEDERAL-AID APPALACHIAN LOCAL ACCESS PROJECTS

Bituminous Surfacing Total Cost

_

1.983 Miles

_

$ 176,746.00

FEDERAL-AID SECONDARY PROJECTS (On State System)

Flashing Light Signals . Number of Bridges __..

Length of Bridges

Length of Bridges Repaired

Bituminous Surfacing

.

Resurfacing .

Total Length All Types of Work Total Cost All Types of Work

._ _ _ _ _ _
_ _

5 13
0.231 Mile
0.046 Mile 43.267 Miles
1.330 Miles 44.874 Miles

$ 3,870,801.00

FEDERAL-AID SECONDARY PROJECTS (Off State System)

Number of Bridges Length of Bridges Bituminous Surfacing
Total Length All Types of Work Total Cost All Types of Work .

_ ._
_
_ .__

28 0.512 Mile
121.895 Miles 122.407 Miles

$ 8,743,185.00

STATE PROJECTS (Contract Work)

Number of Bridges

.

_

Length of Bridges

.__

Bituminous Surfacing

_

Resurfacing

..

._

Total Length All Types of Work __.. _

Total Cost All Types of Work

_

2
0.048 Mile 12.261 Miles 35.818 Miles
48.127 Miles $

815,253.00

STATE PROJECTS (County Contracts)

Number of Airport Projects Grading

_ ._

Bituminous Surfacing

_

Resurfacing

.

..

_

Total Length All Types of Work

_

Total Cost All Types of Work

. .__

17 9.270 Miles 7.941 Miles 5.908 Miles
23.119 Miles

102

Thirty-Second Report, State Highway Department of Georgia

Contracts A warded by State Highway Department July 1, 1966 to June 80, 1967

POST ROAD PROJECTS (Contract Work)

Number of Bridges Length of Bridges
Bituminous Surfacing Total Length All Types of Work Total Cost All Types of Work

_ _

2 0.048 Mile

_

13.012 Miles

_

13.060 Miles

_

$ 743,730.00

POST ROAD PROJECTS (County Contracts)

Number of Bridges Length of Bridges
Grading Grading and Base Base
Bituminous Surfacing Resurfacing Widening and Resurfacing Concrete Pavement
Total Length All Types of Work Total Cost All Types of Work

_ _
_ _ _
_ _

46 0.903 Miles
315.972 Miles 13.437 Miles
135.427 Miles 997.806 Miles 115.257 Miles

_ _

1.733 Miles 3.215 Miles

_ 1,583.750 Miles

_

$18,688,267.00

Summary of Contracts Awarded by State Highway Department July 1, 1966 to June 81, 1967

Number of Airport Projects Number of Landscape Projects Number of Underpasses Flashing Light Signals Number of Bridges Number of Bridges Repaired Length of Bridges Length of Bridges Repaired Grading Grading and Base Base
Bituminous Surfacing Resurfacing Widening and Resurfacing Concrete Pavement
Total Length All Types of Work Total Cost All Types of Work

17 33 28
5 146
2 3.382 Miles 0.074 Mile 350.543 Miles 13.437 Miles 135.427 Miles
1,264.433 Miles 162.215 Miles 1.733 Miles 30.224 Miles
1,961.468 Miles $103,056,772.00

The total costs include miscellaneous work such as fencing, signs, utility adjustments, sidewalks, driveways and parking areas but these items are not included in the mileage.

Thirty-Second Report, State Highway Department of Georgia

103

Contracts Awarded by State Highway Department July 1, 1967 to June 30, 1968
FEDERAL-AID INTERSTATE PROJECTS

Number of Underpasses Number of Bridges Length of Bridges Grading
Bituminous Surfacing Resurfacing
Concrete Pavement
Total Length All Types of Work Total Cost All Types of Work

_

31

_

35

_

1.301 Miles

_

2.21Q Miles

_

11.110 Miles

_

68.020 Miles

_

38.456 Miles

_ 121.106 Miles

_

$45,073,270.00

FEDERAL-AID PRIMARY PROJECTS

Number of Underpasses

_

Number of Bridges

_

Length of Bridges

_

Base

_

Bituminous Surfacing

_

Concrete Pavement

_

Total Length All Types of Work

_

Total Cost All Types of Work

_

10 10
0.215 Mile 0.631 Mile 26.138 Miles 13.628 Miles
40.612 Miles

$15,503,787.00

FEDERAL-AID URBAN PROJECTS

Number of Underpasses Number of Bridges Length of Bridges Bituminous Surfacing Resurfacing
Total Length All Types of Work Total Cost All Types of Work

_

3

_

13

_

0.323 Mile

_

1.780 Miles

_

0.218 Mile

_

2.321 Miles

_

$ 4,011,534.00

FEDERAL-AID LANDSCAPE PROJECTS

Number of Projects Total Cost

_

11

_

$ 214,389.00

FEDERAL-AID APPALACHIAN DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS

Number of Underpasses Number of Bridges Length of Bridges Concrete Pavement
Total Length All Types of Work Total Cost All Types of Work

_ _ _ _
_ _

10
4 0.148 Mile 8.747 Miles 8.895 Miles

$ 7,032,020.00

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Thirty-Second Report, State Highway Department 0/ Georgia

Contracts Awarded by State Highway Department July 1, 1967 to June 30, 1968

FEDERAL-AID SECONDARY PROJECTS (On State System)

Flashing Light Signals Number of Bridges Length of Bridges Base

_ _ _ _

3 13
0.133 Mile 16.190 Miles

Bituminous Surfacing .

_

21.799 Miles

Total Length All Types of Work

_

38.122 Miles

Total Cost All Types of Work

._

$ 2,255,660.00

FEDERAL-AID SECONDARY PROJECTS (Off State System)

Number of Bridges

Length of Bridges

.

Bituminous Surfacing .

Total Length All Types of Work

Total Cost All Types of Work

_ _ _
_ .._

54 1.240 Miles 171.644 Miles
172.884 Miles

$12,582,622.00

STATE PROJECTS (Contract Work)

Bituminous Surfacing

Resurfacing

.

Concrete Pavement

Total Length All Types of Work

Total Cost All Types of Work

_ _ _
.__ ._

8.367 Miles 484.219 Miles
0.636 Mile 493.222 Miles

$ 5,508,271.00

STATE PROJECTS (County Contracts)

Number of Airport Projects Base
Bituminous Surfacing Resurfacing
Widening and Resurfacing Total Length All Types of Work Total Cost All Types of Work

_ _

11 2.986 Miles

_ _

11.348 Miles 7.202 Miles

_

0.656 Mile

.__

22.192 Miles

_

$ 1,771,356.00

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105

Contracts Awarded by State Highway Department July 1, 1967 to June 30, 1968

POST ROAD PROJECTS (Contract Work)

Number of Bridges Length of Bridges Grading
Bituminous Surfacing Resurfacing Total Length All Types of Work Total Cost All Types of Work

_ _ _

3 0.064 Mile
13.936 Miles

_

7.113 Miles

_

7.375 Miles

_

28.488 Miles

_

$ 634,943.00

POST ROAD PROJECTS (County Contracts)

Number of Underpasses Number of Bridges Length of Bridges Grading Grading and Base Base
Bituminous Surfacing Resurfacing
Widening and Resurfacing Concrete Pavement
Total Length All Types of Work Total Cost All Types of Work

_ _ _

1
45 0.673 Mile

_ 277.597 Miles

_ _ _ _

19.474 Miles 95.302 Miles 650.296 Miles
123.897 Miles

_ _

4.145 Miles 2.605 Miles

_ 1,173.989 Miles

_

$ 14,668,727.00

Summaru of Contracts Awarded by State Highway Department July 1, 1967 to June 30, 1968

Number of Airport Projects Number of Underpasses Flashing Light Signals Number of Bridges Length of Bridges Grading Grading and Base Base
Bituminous Surfacing Resurfacing Widening and Resurfacing Concrete Pavement Landscaping
Total Length All Types of Work Total Cost All Types of Work

_

11

_

55

_ _ _

3 177
4.097 Miles

_ _ _

293.752 Miles 19.474 Miles 115.109 Miles

_ 909.595 Miles

_ 690.931 Miles

_ _

4.801 Miles 64.072 Miles

_

11

_ 2,101.831 Miles

_

$109,256,579.00

The Wild A-7 A utograph First Ord cr Lnet ru m en t und associated attachm ents, operated by th e Div is ion of S u r vey s ami A cr ial Mapping .

Thirty-Second Report, State Highway Department of Georgia

107

Division of Construction
CHARLES H. BREEDLOVE State Highway Construction Engineer
The responsibilities of the Division of Construction include making inspections of Plans, Specifications and Estimates (hereafter called P. S. and E. inspections) of proposed projects; the design of rest areas along the highways; and the supervision of construction. The circumferential Interstate route around Atlanta, the Atlanta Freeway, and the projects of the Georgia Highway Authority are not under the supervision of this division.
Preliminary Plans
The Division of Construction cooperates and assists in the preparation of plans, coordinating with the Division of Bridges, the Division of Road Design, the Division of Surveys and Aerial Mapping, and the Division of Right-of-Way during the location and plan preparation. Liaison is maintained by this division between the field division offices and the affected divisions in the General Office wherever and whenever necessary. Liaison is also maintained with the U. S. Bureau of Public Roads in matters pertaining to the review of preliminary and final plans. Effective work in this function can and does result in acceleration of plan production, savings in man-hours and cost of plan production.
Field Inspection
When plan preparation has reached a point where further work in the Division of Road Design is impractical without risking duplication of effort or wasting of man-hours until all questions which have arisen are resolved between the various divisions of the Highway Department and the Bureau of Public Roads (on Federal-aid projects), the incomplete plans are delivered to the Division of Construction for field inspection. The P.S. and E. inspection is made by the State Highway Construction Engineer or his designated assistant in company with a representative of the field division office, a representative of the Bureau of Public Roads (on Federal-aid projects) and representatives of any other divisions deemed advisable. Detailed inspection on the site of the work is made and compared with the

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plans. A report is prepared and distributed to all affected divisions or agencies in which all questions at this time are resolved or a definite course of action established. Additions and/or deletions to the preliminary plans which the inspecting party deem advisable are recommended in the report. With this report in hand, all divisions and agencies can proceed in a uniform manner to complete the plans, specifications, right-of-way acquisition, and preparation of estimates and contract documents required to advertise the project for bids.

Construction Inspection
When a contract has been let and construction authorized, personnel from this division make periodic inspections of the contractor's work. These inspections continue throughout the period of construction and until the job is finally completed and accepted by the Highway Department, at which time the proper agency is notified that the road is to be taken over by them for future maintenance. One important objective of these inspections is to insure uniform interpretation and application of the specifications, and to produce uniformity in construction procedures throughout the State. On projects involving Federal aid, these inspections are often made in company with an engineer from the Bureau of Public Roads. On final inspections for acceptance of a project from the contractor, an engineer from this division is accompanied by a representative of the field division office, and on Federal-aid projects by a representative of the Bureau of Public Roads. The State Highway Construction Engineer reviews change orders and supplemental agreements proposing changes from the final plans, as well as force account bills and claims, and he recommends approval or disapproval of these.

Rest Areas on Interstate Highway System
The Bureau of Public Roads has recommended the construction of more and larger safety rest areas, fully developed, for comfort and convenience. Accordingly, the Highway Department has employed architects who have designed standard restroom buildings, and consulting engineers who have designed standard water supply systems and waste-water treatment systems. Twenty-one existing rest areas are to be enlarged for full development. Present plans call for a total of 47 fully developed safety rest

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areas. Three such rest areas have been previously completed and another four have been recently completed, making a total of seven now in public use. Eighteen deep wells for water supply will be completed in the near future.

Specifica.tions and Construction Manual
This division is responsible for revising and updating the Standard Specifications. Specified sections, such as those pertaining to bridge construction, pavements, and materials are written by the divisions responsible for those items, and then the proposed specifications or revisions are forwarded to the Division of Construction for editing and subsequent approval by the Bureau of Public Roads.
The Division of Construction also is responsible for writing and editing the Construction Manual which is to be used in conjunction with the specifications.

Interstate Project Payrolls
This division is responsible for the examination of all payrolls on Interstate projects to insure that the employees are being paid the wages predetermined by the Secretary of Labor, as contained in each contract. When a classification has not been set up for any particular employee, then it is' the function of this division to establish the proper classification as to wages for . this employee. This is subject to scrutiny by the Department of Labor in Washington with a provision that the State's decision stands if no exception is taken within thirty days.
A complete payroll record, by weeks, is maintained on each Interstate project, and when the final statement is presented for payment, it is the function of this division. to certify that payrolls have been submitted for each week during the life of the contract.

Record of Construction Progress
Through reports from the fields, this division maintains a record of each construction project showing the date work was authorized, the date construction was started, monthly record of progress and per cent completed, date of completion and date of final acceptance.

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A separate report is prepared each month for members of the State Highway Board. This report covers all active contracts outstanding and gives the name of the contractor. It also gives the number of active contracts under construction by each contractor, the location, time allowed, date work began, per cent complete, and any delays and/or extensions pertaining to each contract. This report thus enables each member of the Board to be informed of the efficiency of each contractor, and the status and progress of each active project which has been let to contract by the Department.

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Division of Materials and Tests
THOMASD.MORELAND State Highway Materials Engineer
The Division of Materials and Tests, or "The Laboratory" as it is commonly called, is charged with the responsibility of testing and evaluating all materials used in highways and bridges constructed by the State Highway Department. Included in those materials tested and evaluated are soil, concrete, metal and metal products, aggregates, fertilizer, cement, concrete additives, pipe of several types, piling, structural steel, reinforcing steel, paint, reflective materials of various types, brick, sand, grass seed, and asphaltic materials. The range and complexities of the activities of this division are greater than its title, Materials and Tests, signifies. Research and Analysis, the account designation used by the Treasurer to describe this division in his records, is also representative of the functions of "The Laboratory". To perform its assigned tasks, the engineers of the division are concerned with research; analysis of metals, fertilizers, paints and related products; materials usage; and tests on those materials listed above and others used in road and bridge construction.
Research
During the biennium covered by this report, the largest research project being carried on exclusively by engineers of this division is a skid resistance study which is being conducted in cooperation with the Division of Highway Planning and the Bureau of Public Roads. This study was initiated to determine the amount of reduction in skid resistance and the rate at which it may develop with the various aggregates used in the construction of Georgia highways. From the measurements made on pavements constructed of various aggregates and on locations under different conditions, the limits of skid resistance have been obtained. A polishing machine has been designed to produce wear on laboratory-prepared molds and to further the wear on cores secured from pavements already in place. By use of this machine, an indication can be provided of the rate of polish characteristics of individual aggregates and paving mixtures and the ultimate

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skid resistance which may be developed by these materials. By this means, specifications are developed which minimize the reduction in skid resistance on the pavement surfaces.

In October 1967, the Division of Materials and Tests sponsored the Second Annual Highway Research Workshop. It was held in Atlanta and attended by research engineers from Regions 3 and 8 of the Bureau of Public Roads and the States comprising these regions.

In addition to research being conducted exclusively by this division, its staff technicians and engineers have cooperated in the highway research being conducted by the Georgia Tech Research Institute through the Engineering Experiment Station of Georgia Institute of Technology and other research agencies under contract with the Highway Department. These projects are financed with highway planning and research funds of the Division of Highway Planning in cooperation with the Bureau of Public Roads and further information is contained in this report under the Division of Highway Planning.

Investigations
Investigations, while not covered in the division's title, are a most important part of its function. The Soils Investigation Section is called upon first to assist the road designer in the development of plans. By means of rotary drills of several types, the materials which will be found during grading operations can be accurately described as to location and, from samples taken and tests in the Laboratory, the quality of each material can be determined. Soil survey information is not only furnished to the designer for preparation of the plans; but after advertisement of the project, prospective bidders may request copies for their consideration in estimating the cost of work to be performed.
Bridge foundation studies are made and detailed recommendations are made to the bridge designer. Local material deposits of all types (stone, hydraulic embankment, borrow, and base) are investigated by a team of specialists; and from the various reports, the most economical use is made of the materials available.

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Testing

Testing is conducted at the Central Laboratory and at six branch laboratories. The branch laboratories are all housed in modern facilities adjacent to the field division offices. The work performed at the branch laboratory is limited to standardized tests on fine and coarse aggregate, soils, asphalt cement and concrete compression tests. These materials represent the greatest volume of all subjected to tests or analysis, and the tests performed were selected to aid the engineer on the project by giving him a nearby laboratory capable of furnishing expeditious testing. During the biennium covered by this report, the laboratories performed tests on the following number of samples:

Laboratory
Division 1 - Gainesville Division 2 - Tennille Division 3 - Thomaston Division 4 - Tifton Division 5 - Jesup Division 6 - Cartersville
Total Branch Laboratories Central Laboratory
Total

Year Ending June 80, 1967

_

14,515

_ _ _

17,042 21,852 14,147

_

26,560

_

14,875

_ 108,991

_

91,055

_ 200,046

Year Ending June 80, 1968
10,971 15,742 18,724 14,864 20,200 10,807
91,308 84,917
176,225

New Facilities
The Central Laboratory during most of this biennium was located on the campus of Georgia Institute of Technology and shared a building with the School of Civil Engineering. The Central Laboratory occupied 23,186 square feet in this building, which was constructed between April 1954 and October 1955 at a cost of $895,389.31. In addition, it was necessary to lease additional space, some five miles removed from the Laboratory, in order to furnish the Soils Investigation Section and the warehouse sufficient space to properly carry out their operations.
During this biennium, bids were received and work began on a new Testing Laboratory facility in Forest Park. This building, designed to be one of the finest in the country, contains the most modern equipment required for testing materials used in the

Th e Stat e High way Departm en t's n ew muterials t estillg laboratorij, off l nt er etate H ig h w a y 75 IWClr Fo rest Parle, WCl,~ com pleted and occupied early in 1968 .

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maintenance and construction of roads and bridges. The building, 241 feet wide by 408 feet long, also contains an auditorium, warehouse and shop, all of which are important adjuncts to the facility. The 100-seat auditorium is used for conferences and schools conducted by the various divisions of the Highway Department. The shop is equipped to perform complete overhaul of trucks, tractors and other motorized equipment, and can build new testing devices developed by the engineers of the division. The warehouse stocks supplies and equipment common to the Central Laboratory and the field or project laboratories and makes them available to all through established warehousing procedures.

With the completion and occupancy of this new facility during the first week of January 1968, the services to be rendered by the Division of Materials and Tests are being expanded. More inhouse research or experiments will be performed and new products given the consideration necessary to properly evaluate their characteristics and suitability for use on projects being built under auspices of the Department.

Publications
During the biennium, members of the staff composed and published a Sampling, Testing and Inspection Manual, which is the guide used by all materials technicians to insure that samples are taken in accordance with an established minimum schedule which will insure the use of material conforming to the governing specifications. This manual also contains standardized test procedures which establish methods that will permit results obtained at one laboratory to be compared to those obtained at another.
Engineers on the staff of the division were members of a nationwide group selected to prepare and publish the American Association of State Highway Officials Bridge Foundation Manual.
As mentioned, the Division of Materials and Tests now has one of the finest highway testing laboratory facilities in the Nation; and with its capable staff of materials engineers and technicians, it will be in position to carry out its assigned duties to a degree never before possible.

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Division of Maintenance
J. O. BACON
State Highway Maintenance Engineer
The primary responsibility of the Division of Maintenance is to preserve each roadway structure and facility as it was originally constructed or later improved and to make such improvements in the State Highway System as can be accomplished by maintenance forces within the budgetary allotments.
This responsibility involves application of suitable methods and procedures in performing operations such as resurfacing, patching, realignment of pavement surfaces, sealing joints and cracks, erosion control, cleaning ditches and culverts, skid-proofing surfaces, repairing bridges, erecting and maintaining signs, painting traffic stripes, mowing grass, and removing snow and ice; all operations to keep traffic moving safely and with as little interruption as possible.
Additionally, this division has responsibility for programming and supervision of funding for resurfacing, by contract, roads on the State Highway System. This resurfacing is done on roads that have deteriorated beyond economical routine repairs, due to normal wear and tear of age and usage.
The Division of Maintenance is divided into several sections under General Office control for efficiency of operations. The regular maintenance work on a day-by-day basis is the responsibility of the Field Division Engineers and their maintenance assistants. The functions and activities of these sections are listed below.
General Office
The central office is headed by the State Highway Maintenance Engineer, who has primary responsibility for administration and supervision of the overall maintenance functions. Assisting him are three assistants, whose primary duties are divided into bridge maintenance, roadway maintenance, and administrative and fiscal responsibilities. Additionally, there are three maintenance engineers, under the direct supervision of the State Highway Main-

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tenance Engineer, who act in an advisory capacity in assisting the. Field Division Maintenance Engineers in performing their maintenance functions. Also assisting in the General Office are two landscape engineers and clerical and stenographic personnel.

Georgia Highway Authority Bond Program
The Division of Maintenance has the responsibility for programming roadway improvement projects of the Georgia Highway Authority and for establishing the system of controls governing the expenditures of the bond funds. Outstanding results have been obtained in the program during this biennium. During the period July 1, 1966, through June 30, 1968, construction and engineering underruns plus interest accumulated on funds deposited in contracts on construction projects enabled the awarding of additional contracts for widening and resurfacing of 267,295 miles of roadway at a cost of $3,577,915.60.
Also, during this biennium the Division of Maintenance programmed 1,105.147 miles of roadway improvement projects in the amount of $14 million. Practically all of these projects have already been let to contract and many of the projects have already been completed.
Also, during this biennium the Division of Maintenance prepared a program for roadway improvement projects of the Georgia Highway Authority to enable them to sell bonds in the amount of $10 million to cover 508.508 miles of roadway improvement projects. Although the work of the programming was done in this biennium, the bonds were not actually sold until after the expiration of this two-year period.

Maintena.nce by Contract
Beginning July 1, 1967, the Division of Maintenance had a specific budget allocation of $7,500,000 per year for the purpose of reconstruction, widening and resurfacing by contract of roads on the State System only. During the fiscal year ending June 30, 1968, this department has let to contract 487.749 miles of roadway improvement projects totaling $4,918,847.49. This particular budget allocation has been of tremendous importance to the Maintenance Division in attempting to keep Georgia's roads in the best possible condition.

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Highway Property Control
The Highway Property Section of the Maintenance Division has continued to probe and inspect the inventories of repair parts, tools, equipment, gasoline and lubricants located in the field in the various division shop locations. The item-for-item swap system in effect at these warehouses has resulted in much closer control of tools and various supply items.

Spot checks are made at irregular intervals of the field division shop stock inventories. Complete inventories are also taken at irregular intervals. When discrepancies are discovered between the amount shown on the stock record card and the inventory, the causes of these discrepancies are determined and the stock room personnel are advised as to the reasons for such discrepancies. The stock room personnel are also instructed as to the proper procedures to be followed in order to improve their keeping of the inventory records and to eliminate recurrences of these errors. Studies of the arrangement of stock rooms are being constantly made. When better stock room layouts are found the stock rooms are rearranged in order to provide for more efficient operations. Quantities of stock items are continuously studied and lateral transfers between divisions are made when warranted.
A time-and-cost record system covering all equipment is still in use. The system provides the Field Division Engineer and Field Division Mechanic with information as to the cost of maintaining any individual piece of equipment.
Field division shops and warehouses are located at Gainesville, Tennille, Thomaston, Albany, Glennville, Swainsboro and Cartersville. All necessary equipment has been installed in all of these shops to handle inspection of motor vehicles in order to comply with the State Vehicle Inspection Law. State Highway Department personnel in each shop have been examined by the State Patrol and are qualified and authorized to make these inspections on all State Highway Department vehicles. The Douglas Shop and Warehouse, which is under the direct supervision of this office, is also equipped to make these inspections.
Special stock accounts have been set up in each of the six field divisions. These accounts cover engineer stakes and laboratory supplies. Charges are made against the projects on which

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these items are used. This system permits the State Highway Department to recover the cost of such items from the construction projects on which they are used.

Maintenance Activities Building
The State Highway Department has a Maintenance Activities Building located on a tract of land owned by the Highway Department at 15 Kennedy Drive, Forest Park, Georgia. The activities located in this building are as follows:

Offices
State Superintendent of Signs Highway Maintenance Engineer in Charge of Equipment Chief Radio Engineer State Superintendent of the Centerline and Bridge
Painting Unit State Supervisor of Tire and Battery Inspection Superintendent of Building and Grounds

Shop Activities
Radio Repair Shop Centerline and Bridge Painting Repair Shop Sign Fabricating and Reclamation Shop Division of Highway Planning Repair Shop Truck Weighing Unit Repair Shop

Storage Areas
Centerline and Bridge Painting Division of Highway Planning Radio Stock Room Truck Weighing Unit

The buildings and grounds of the Maintenance Activities Building are maintained by a crew of ten men. The varied duties of these men consist of nightwatching, pickup and delivery of mail from the Post Office and General Office, janitorial services, general building maintenance and grounds maintenance. In addition, this group also checks the unoccupied State Highway warehouse and property located in East Point, Georgia. These checks are made three times per week.

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During the past two years the following improvements have been made to the building and grounds:

1. Approximately 1,000 feet of drainage sewerage have been added.
2. A flag pole has been erected in front of the building.
3. The road in front of the State property has been blacktopped and widened.
4. A drainage ditch of 250 feet by 8 feet has been dug. Approximately one carload of gravel was added to the ditch.
5. About two acres of lawn were reclaimed. At this time the lawn consists of about 15 acres.
6. Flowers have been added to beautify the front of the building.

Regular Maintenance
The Field Division Engineers and their maintenance assistants have superintendents and foremen in charge of work crews who are assigned to perform work on specific sections of roadway. These crews are responsible for the normal maintenance of these roads and bridges thereon. Regular maintenance consists of machining dirt roads, patching failures in pavements, repair of shoulders on roads, maintaining adequate drainage, policing the rights-of-way, snow and ice removal from roads and bridges, litter cleanup, mowing rights-of-way, the erection as well as the fabricating, cleaning and maintaining of warning and directional signs and many other minor maintenance items.
The Division of Maintenance employs 620 State convicts under a contract with the State Board of Corrections for use on regular maintenance. A budget allocation of $1 million per year is made to provide for this expense. Also the division employs 30 convicts under agreement with the counties involved. No additional funds are provided for this item.
Two other very important aspects of regular maintenance are the division repair and equipment shops and the division sign shops in each of the field divisions. The repair and equipment shops are prepared to repair and service practically all types of road equipment used in maintenance. The division sign shops are equipped to fabricate some of the smaller road signs needed in

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the field as well as to erect and maintain the signs. Both shops are under the supervision of the Field Division Engineer and his maintenance assistant.

Betterment Work
In addition to the items of routine maintenance described above, the following improvements were initiated and completed by the Division of Maintenance with State maintenance funds.
The major items included in the betterment work and completed during this biennium are as follows:

N~w ~oadsid~ parks constructed Widening existing' pavements Bituminous surface treatment (new) Bituminous surface treatment (reseal) Bituminous slurry seal (reseal)
Patching, leveling and resurfacing bituminous pavements with plant mix
Special patching and leveling of pavement Local material base construction (new) Roadway grading and drainage (new) Roadway grading, drainage and paving (new) Reconstruction of bridges and major bridge
repairs
Shoulders, ditches and slopes reconstructed, including landslides
Major culvert extensions and drainage installations
Raised-edge curbs removed Bituminous shoulder paving Roadside planting and erosion control Resurfacing with cold flux Other special miscellaneous improvements

7 Parks 86 Miles 43 Miles 605 Miles 514 Miles
525 Miles 233 Miles 40 Miles 14 Miles 32 Miles
16,562 Lineal Feet
675 Miles
41 Each 10 Miles 248 Miles 818 Acres 82 Miles 117 Miles

Roadside Parks
Georgia's roadside park program has been expanded and improved during this biennium. Since employees of the State Highway Department cannot work on or improve private property, it has been necessary to secure deeds or long-term (usually 10year) leases to suitable sites to be developed into roadside parks. Public-spirited citizens, civic clubs, garden clubs and other agencies have been most cooperative and helpful in procuring adequate sites on which to build roadside parks. All parks are built by and maintained by State Highway maintenance forces.
During the advent of the program, parks were built hurriedly. They were furnished with tables, grills and trash cans. The original construction consisted of grading, drainage, grassing, crushed-stone driveways, fencing, and selective clearing of the

This truck- climbinp lan e 011 U. S. 1,1, nortli of Cartersville, i.~ typical of "b ettcrmel/t" impro vemel/ts madc possible by an c:lpclIIded ma int cl/allce budnet :

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land. Today, the types of construction and facilities are more elaborate. Water has been provided in many of the parks. This is true with all rest areas built on Interstate highways. All of these Interstate rest areas have deep wells, rest rooms are being installed, and it is contemplated that eventually a full-time caretaker will be required for each of these areas.
The construction and maintenance of the parks are constantly being improved. Thousands of visitors use and enjoy the comforts and conveniences of the parks. Letters of commendation of the roadside parks have been received from every State in the Union and several foreign countries. Visitors from adjoining States advise that Georgia's roadside parks compare favorably with those of their own State and some park sites are superior.
There are 275 roadside parks and rest areas completed within the State. Seven parks were completed and added to the system during this biennium. No overnight parking within the parks is allowed. Playground equipment is located in some parks, but it is supplied solely by local citizens or civic groups.
The parks are inspected regularly by personnel of the Roadside Parks Unit and reports of their findings are furnished to the State Highway Maintenance Engineer for corrective measures to be taken by division maintenance forces.
Roadside parks vary in size from one to three acres and construction costs vary from $1,500 to $3,500 each. The larger parks have been constructed along highways that show the greatest traffic count or use. Rest areas along the Interstate System are far more elaborate. Due to the purchase of the land the extra facilities, including deep wells and rest rooms, the cost of constructing these parks ranges from $30,000 to $50,000 each. No other phase of highway development with such relatively small expenditures has the universal appeal and approval as roadside parks.

Truck Weighing Unit
One of the major causes of deterioration of the highways is overloaded trucks; therefore, the State Highway Department has a program to enforce the laws relating to oversize and overweight vehicles, which is administered by the Truck Weighing Unit of the Division of Maintenance.

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A director, with a complete office staff located in the General Office in Atlanta, supervises the Truck Weighing Unit. The director, an assistant director, field supervisor and area supervisors direct the field activities of the unit.

The daily operations of this unit consist of enforcing all laws pertaining to over-dimensional vehicles. There are 18 mobile units, each consisting of a truck checker II, who serves as crew foreman, and five truck checkers. These units enforce the legal weight and size limitations on vehicles and are located in strategic positions throughout the State. These locations are reassigned daily by the General Office. Each crew has a set of portable scales which can be readily transported from one inspection point to another.

One of the duties of the Truck Weighing Unit is that of issuing permits for overweight and oversize vehicles. These permits are issued only when movements are of such nature that other forms of transportation are not available, and the cargo itself cannot be reduced, either in size or weight. Permits for single trips may be obtained by calling the General Office and applying by giving required information on the vehicles, such as tractor and trailer license numbers and the State in which issued, the origin and destination, dimensions over legal limits, and description of the load. When the General Office receives the required fee for the permit, the teleprinter, through Western Union facilities, then sends the permit to the applicant authorizing that person to travel. The proposed movements of these vehicles are carefully checked for possible obstructions and the ability of the road surfaces and bridges to withstand additional size and weight of the vehicle. Single trip permits, other than those issued by teleprinter facilities, and monthly and annual permits are processed from applications made either in person in the office in Atlanta, or from applications made by mail.

The Truck Weighing Unit employs 17 permit officers. Their duty is that of checking vehicles on the highways to determine if these vehicles have valid permits. The permit officers have the authority to make arrests for violations.

The legal gross weight of a vehicle is 73,280 pounds, the overall maximum length is 55 feet, and the maximum height is 13 feet 6 inches. Fees for permits range from $2.50 for single trip per-

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mits over on one dimension to $100.00 for annual permits over on three dimensions.
The following is a brief summary of the activities of the Truck Weighing Unit during this biennium.

I Yem' Ending Year ending

Total

June 30, 1967 June 30,1968 Two Years

Number of Vehicles Checked Number of Arrests for
Violations: Overweight Overwidth Overlength Overheight
Miscellaneous Warning Issued for Minor
Violations Money Received for Permits Number of Permits Issued

258,519

230,752

489,271

1,332 1,196
865 26
583
404 $223,092.00
38,159

1,720 1,276 1,130
29 691
366 $296,389.00
35,462

3,052 2,472 1,995
55 1,274
770 $519,481.00
73,621

Equipment
The Highway Maintenance Engineer in charge of equipment initiates requisitions for new equipment after the State Highway Maintenance Engineer approves the recommendations of the various divisions. It is his responsibility to check the specifications prior to ordering and to see that all new equipment delivered meets the specification requirements.
His records contain all necessary information for adequate property controls. The Highway Maintenance Engineer in charge of equipment maintains constant contact with the field divisions and their repair shops. He and the field inspectors under his supervision constantly work with the divisions for better care and servicing of equipment. The following equipment was purchased for the Division of Maintenance during this biennium.
Year Ending June 30, 1967-567 Units-$1,753,509.34 Year Ending June 30, 1968-999 Units-$2,014,069.38
Bridge Inventory and Inspection
In March 1968, the U. S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Bureau of Public Roads, requested that all bridges on the State Highway System be inventoried, surveyed and an inspection in depth be made.
The Maintenance Division was assigned the responsibility for coordinating this program with the other divisions concerned

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within the Highway Department. The Maintenance Division was also assigned full responsibility for the inspection of all these structures. There are some 4,500 bridge-type structures on the State Highway System to be inventoried and inspected to determine their adequacy. The Maintenance Division, in conjunction with the Division of Highway Planning, is carrying out the field work on the inventory at this time. In addition, the Maintenance Division is proceeding with the inspection program. This division is developing a fully computerized information system to make available to all divisions of the Highway Department and others concerned a variety of data on bridges.
All structures will be rated both from a functional and a structural standpoint. From a functional standpoint the structure will be rated as to its safety as far as width, signing, approach guardrail, and its carrying capacity, both from a load standpoint and a volume of traffic standpoint. From a structural standpoint, each structure will be rated by evaluation of each of its elements that form a part of a major component and these evaluations will be summarized to give a rating for the entire structure.
This information will be used for a number of purposes, some of which are: Summary information to top management for programming future replacement of bridges, programming maintenance on bridges, routing permitted overweight and overwidth vehicles, maintaining a current condition status on all structures, and maintaining current card index files for the Maintenance Division, Bridge Division, and the six field divisions. It is contemplated that this information will also be used by other divisions such as Design, Traffic and Safety, Planning, and Construction.
This program as it now stands will be a continuing program requiring inspections in depth on every structure every five years and intermediate inspections every two years with constant up-dating of the information as changes take place on the bridge system. It is estimated at this time that the initial inspection program will call for an expenditure of approximately $1 million for the first phase, and $250,000 each year thereafter.

Signs
In order to provide information, assurance, and to a large degree promote the safety of the traveling public, the fabrication and erection of highway signs are accomplished by the Sign Shop.

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As the speed and quantity of vehicular traffic increases, signing has changed to meet the new demands. Signs have become larger, legends more graphic with fewer words, and a much higher percentage reflectorized. Experimentation with safer sign structures, i.e., break-away posts, has been conducted and those features proving to provide a safety factor to the motorist adopted.
The fabrication of highway signs is accomplished at Forest Park in the Maintenance Activities Complex. The finished signs are furnished to the field divisions, and production is based on requests received from the field. Each division places an order quarterly for signs to fill their estimated needs.
Operating with an average complement of 16 men, the sign shop fabricated and furnished to the field divisions 164,608 new signs and 11,550 reconditioned signs during this biennium, making a total of 176,158 signs at a cost of $894,230.

Radio Unit
During the period covered by this report, the Radio Unit has continued to upgrade the radio equipment used by the Maintenance Division. The high-battery, drain-type radios are beginning to be phased out and replaced by up-to-date transistor-type equipment. The newer equipment has higher power output, better noise rejection, lower maintenance cost and operates on a fraction of the battery current required for the older equipment. This feature is considered to be most important inasmuch as the radio may be left on at all times so that the operator may be reached without delay. One hundred and fifty transistor two-way radios have been added to the system in the past two years.
The Radio Unit has a two-way radio technician assigned to each field division. His duties are to maintain on a day-to-day basis the radios assigned to that division. It is also his responsibility to perform radio checks and make all measurements necessary to maintain the radios in good working order and to satisfy the requirements of the Federal Communications Commission.
A well-equipped, modern radio shop is operated at the Radio Unit's office in Forest Park. The purpose of this shop is to assist the division shops in repairing radio sets that are too difficult to repair in a field shop. One well-qualified technician is on duty at almost all times at this shop to render this assistance.

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Thirty-Second Report, State Highway Department of Georgia

Centerline and Bridge Painting
During this biennium, the Centerline Unit painted 40,681 miles of centerline and barrier lines, applied 30,192 miles of edge stripes and prelined 970 miles of roadway. Also, a special crew did a considerable amount of painting 12-inch diagonal striping, 8-inch gore lines on Interstate highways, painted curbs, and removed approximately 25 miles of lines where it was necessary to make changes for better traffic channelization. The total cost for paint, beads, personnel, supplies and equipment repairs amounted to $2,682,522. Six striping crews were operating during the first of the period and seventh crew was organized during the second year to take care of the work in the 7-county metropolitan Atlanta area. Several gasoline-operated air compressors were replaced with diesel units on centerline machines and the operating cost of the air units was cut approximately in half.
Two crews were organized during this period for mud-jacking the older sections of concrete pavement to bring them back to their proper elevation and to underseal sections that were pumping water. Work completed consisted of raising and undersealing 138,597 square yards of concrete in 270 areas.
Fifty-eight bridges were cleaned and painted, including the Sidney Lanier Bridge at Brunswick. Pressure relief joints were sawed and sealed at 22 additional bridges. The total cost for paint, personnel, materials, supplies and equipment repairs was $361,245.

Tire and Battery Inspection
The Tire and Battery Inspection Unit maintains records of the serial numbers of the tires and batteries assigned to each of the various pieces of automotive equipment owned by the Highway Department. It is also the duty of this Unit to make inspection trips to the field to examine all tires and batteries to see that they have serial numbers and to examine all replaced tires to determine their fitness for recapping. If tires are determined not to be suitable for recapping, they are centrally assembled and periodically disposed of as junk.
In the event tires or batteries fail to meet the warranted service, it is the responsibility of this Unit to require the vendor of such items to fulfill their guarantee.

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During this two-year period approximately 23,260 tires have been branded and recorded in reports made to the Tire and Battery Inspection Unit. Also, approximately 5,400 batteries have been entered in the records. This Unit has inspected and classified 12,931 tires and 3,276 batteries have been classified for junk. In addition 2,048 tires have been recapped during this report period.

Douglas Shop and Warehouse
The Douglas Shop and Warehouse makes repairs to maintenance equipment of any type-heavy duty, automotive or miscellaneous. It provides transportation for equipment in need of repairs to and from the shop, in any area of the State. Each repair job is covered by a complete cost record and is identified by a shop job number. When job is completed the division or unit receives copy of invoice with itemized cost of repairs. During this biennium, this facility made major or minor repairs to 2,237 pieces of equipment, at a cost of $231,206.63. The warehouse portion of this facility is used for housing and issuance of a revolving stock of repair parts and supplies. The parts or supplies are available to any unit of the State Highway Department.

Road Condition Bulletin
The Division of Maintenance issues a printed road condition bulletin every month, containing a State map on which the latest detour information is indicated. The bulletin shows where construction is in progress, whether the road is closed or traffic may proceed; and if the road is closed, the temporary route that has been provided. The bulletin contains complete information as to the type of construction, the distance involved and directions as to detours. Eighteen hundred copies of the bulletin are printed and distributed each month. A mailing list is maintained of business concerns, motor clubs and individuals who have requested that the bulletin be sent to them regularly.

Maintenance Expenditures
The following tabulation shows the amount of maintenance expenditures for each of the two fiscal years covered by this report with a brief description of the work included in each item.

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Year Ending June 90, 1967

Year Ending June 90, 1968

REGULAR MAINTENANCE Machining dirt roads, patching failures in pavement, filling-in shoulders on roads, policing rights-of-way, mowing, litter clean up, erection and maintenance of warning and directional signs, maintenance of roadside parks, repairing bridges and rebuild-

aindgdistlioopneasl asnadfestyhoulders of roads for _ $14,707,082.48

CENTERLINE AND BRIDGE PAINTING
Placing centerline, edge stripe and barrier lines on paved roads on the State Highway System; painting and special repairs of steel and concrete bridges, including sand blasteinssgaraynd waterproofing where nec- _

1,328,682.32

OTHER MAINTENANCE

ACTIVITIES Supervision of Maintenance, Roadside Parks, Truck Weighing, Radio Communications, Tire and Battery Inspection, Operation of MaintelnaasncReeFpaaciriliStiheospBuilding, and Doug- _

1,668,680.89

MAINTENANCE BY CONTRACT

Leveling courses and bituminous re-

surfacing awarded by competitive

contracts from maintenance fund

transfers and from budget alloca-

tions set up for reconstruction, wid-

ening and resurfacing by contract

of State System roads only

_

RECONSTRUCTION AND BETTERMENTS
Patching, leveling, resurfacing major bridge repairs, special signs and other special improvements by State lMocaaitnitoennsance Forces from special al- _

MAINTENANCE EQUIPMENT
PURCHASES Trucks, tractors, motor graders, rollers, power graders, portable asphalt
plants, truck cranes, asphalt distributors, tank car heaters, asphalt ehqeuaitperms,enotther maintenance and radio _

EUXNPDEISNTDRIITBUURTEESD SIGN SHOP

_

5,205,049.75
1,753,509.34 403,994.58

Total Maintenance Expenditures _ $25,066,999.36

$18,782,482.90
1,902,493.25
1,590,362.56
4,516,962.58 5,318,691.55
2,014,069.38 371,638.23
$34,496,700.45

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131

Division of Traffic Engineering
and Safety
WILLIAM S. DERRICK State Highway Traffic and Safety Engineer
The Division of Traffic Engineering and Safety was established in February 1966, with the specific responsibility for the promotion of efficient movement of people and goods on all roads and bridges comprising the State Highway System. Its activities are oriented primarily to the phase of the highway program in which the road facilities are operational and available for public use. The key orientation in program development is towards the continuous improvement in the use of road facilities of the State Highway System, including the limitation and removal of traffic congestion and other types of delay or inconvenience to the motoring public. While the responsibility of the Division of Traffic Engineering and Safety is limited to those roads and bridges comprising the State Highway System, an indirect and unofficial responsibility for coordination in traffic control and regulation of roads not on the State Highway System is maintained through cooperation with county and city officials. Over 860 studies were completed in an effort to assist Georgia counties and cities in updating traffic control measures to current standards.
The activities of this division include traffic accident control, signing, marking, channelization, traffic signals, and speed control. These activities involve a number of subprograms, including control of outdoor advertising, control and protection of right-ofway, engineering studies to assist in the regulation of vehicular speed by recommending the establishment of speed zones at appropriate locations, sign design and use, thorough review of potential construction plans, thorough analysis of traffic accident experience, and the establishment of safety criteria for the Highway Department employees' safety, including employee safety training programs.
Field Division Trafjic Engineering
The Division of Traffic Engineering and Safety has a staff in each of the six field divisions which is charged with the responsibility of collecting and interpreting data for each of the major

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activities of this division. These duties include field investigation and analysis of data required to complete investigations for traffic signal problems, high accident locations, speed zone requests, consistent and uniform standards in traffic control, traffic congestion points, and traffic engineering in construction areas. All of these studies are conducted in both urban and rural locations throughout the field division. The Division Traffic Engineer and his staff also coordinate investigative work regarding right-ofway encroachment, driveway permits, median crossovers, control of outdoor advertising, fatal traffic accident investigation, and other duties as assigned.

Traffic Signals
The Traffic Signal Section deals primarily with the review of applications and reports submitted by the Division Traffic Engineer in connection with requests for use of traffic signal equipment of a special design and type at a given location. Coordination of all traffic signal activity is conducted in this section as well as on-the-spot follow-up for particularly complicated problems. This section processed over 325 signal permits in addition to the 700 locations where permits were denied.

Control of Outdoor Advertising
Outdoor advertising sign control is an activity based on recent legislation charging the State Highway Department with responsibility for administration of these regulations. It involves an inventory of all existing conditions involving outdoor advertising signs and a continuous updating of this inventory. Since April 1, 1967, over 125 permits have been issued to those applicants who desire to use outdoor advertising in conformance with these laws. In addition, since that date, over 110 signs found in violation of the current legislation are regulated by this law and the owners have been encouraged to comply with the existing regulations.

Control and Protection of Right-of-Way
The right-of-way and permit review activity includes coordination of all permits issued throughout the State, authorizing connection for ingress and egress to the State Highway System, encroachments within the rights-of-way, and authorizations for median crossovers. This division reviews applications for these permits including paving and grading on the rights-of-way of the

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133

State Highway System. Almost 3,000 permits were issued covering all of these areas. Field investigation and inspection of these matters are conducted under the supervision of the Division Traffic Engineer. Recommendations resulting from these studies are reviewed by this division prior to approval by the State Highway Engineer. This activity further includes site plans and layout of drive-in theaters as those elements relate to the field of traffic safety.

Speed Zone Studies
Speed zone studies are conducted under authorization contained in the Uniform Act Regulating Traffic on Highways. This division conducts necessary speed control studies in connection with the establishment of speed zones. These studies are undertaken by the division upon its own initiative or upon request by appropriate representatives of the State's political subdivisions. Recommendations are submitted to the Director of Public Safety and upon his concurrence, an order is issued by the Department of Public Safety establishing a speed zone.
Annual studies of traffic speed and speed trends on State highways are made. The information obtained is furnished to the Bureau of Public Roads and when combined with similar information furnished by other States is useful to the Highway Department in the establishment of highway design standards. The information is furnished also to the State Department of Public Safety for their use.

Siqn, Marking, and Channelization Control
This division prepares plans for sign work let to contract, including regulatory, warning and guide signs, pavement markings, guardrail, and other controls needed to regulate and control the flow of traffic. Over 50 Primary and 15 Interstate road projects were completed during this biennium. In addition, this division also reviews construction plans, including sign design and other factors pertinent to the safe and efficient flow of traffic. An additional activity includes responsibility for recommending the type and configuration of islands and pavement markings necessary to adequately channelize traffic flow. These markings and/or islands are placed on the highways by maintenance forces or by contract, and they include raised markers, stop bars, leg-

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ends on the roadway, and cross walks, each of which may be applied with paint or thermoplastic material. This work was initiated for over 100 locations and recommended for an additional 500 locations.
This division is responsible for the analysis of all factors involving traffic engineering or other operational controls on all roadway plans intended to be let to contract. Thus a review is made while completing a thorough analysis of requirements of traffic control and regulation involved in the geometric design of highways. This review is conducted generally in the central office but does include on-site investigation when necessary. Further, this review is occasionally extended to jobs in progress when traffic control problems are brought to the attention of the Division of Traffic Engineering and Safety. At least 24 specific projects were reviewed in this fashion.

Traffic Accident Control
Copies of all records of traffic accidents reported to the Department of Public Safety are utilized in the development of a data bank of accident facts for computer analysis. These facts are reviewed on an irregular basis in order that a continuous monitoring of the traffic accident picture can be maintained. Monthly reports are compiled which can reveal any highway condition reported by an enforcement authority as having caused or having been a factor in a traffic accident. This information is furnished to the Field Traffic Engineers so that conditions may be evaluated thoroughly and corrected when appropriate. Additional monthly reports of accident statistics are compiled to indicate accident trends of various types. Approximately 40,000 accident records were analyzed and 15 summaries of the data were produced.

Employees Safety
The employee safety program is in the formative stage of development. Its purpose is to establish and develop standards to cover training necessary to promote on-the-job safety to highway employees. This activity is coordinated through the field divisions offices. Training courses on defensive driving were prepared to be given to over 7,000 highway employees.

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135

Field Divisions
For administrative and operating purposes, the State is divided into six geographical divisions, with headquarters in Gainesville, Tennille, Thomaston, Tifton, Jesup and Cartersville. In each of these cities, there is a functional division office headquarters building. At each location there are also division laboratory buildings and division maintenance repair shops in conjunction with the field headquarters building.
The field division provides liaison between the General Office in Atlanta and the actual highway construction and maintenance activities at the "grass roots" level. For this reason, the division office personnel and their field subordinates are eminently responsible to the taxpayers and the general public for the success of Georgia's highway construction and maintenance programs.
Organization
The Field Division Engineer is the administrative head of each field division organization. All instructions issued by the division heads and other officials of the General Office are transmitted to the field personnel, commercial contractors and others through the Field Division Engineer. Administratively, the field division office is separated into several sections, and generally an Assistant Field Division Engineer is the head of each section. Although the organization and operation of each field division may vary slightly from the other divisions, in general the functions of the several sections are as outlined below. These functions are performed for the Georgia Highway Authority as well as for the Highway Department.
Location Surveys
The Assistant Field Division Engineer for location surveys is responsible for the field survey work in the layout of all types of construction projects, and this work is accomplished by field survey parties. This section is also responsible for the roadway design and development of plans on Federal-aid Secondary, State-aid and Post Roads projects, and projects of the Georgia

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Thirty-Second Report, State High way Depa rtm ent of Georgia

STATE
HIGHWAY DEPARTMENT
0'
GEORGIA
FIELD DIVISIONS AND HEADQUARTERS

Boundaries of the Field Divisions of the State Highway Department, and the division headquarters, are shown In the map above. The division by counties Is as follows:
Division One (Gainesville)-Banks, Barrow, Dawson. Elbert. Forsyth, Franklin, Gwinnett, Habersham, Hall , Hart, lackson, Lumpkin, Mad ison. Rabun, Stephens, Towns, Union. White.
DIvision Two (Tennille)-Baldwin, Burke , Clarke, Columbia. Emanuel. Glascock, Greene, Hancock, Jasper, Jefferson, lenkins, Johnson, Lincoln, McDuffie, Morgan. Newton, Oconee, Oglethorpe, Putnam, Richmond, Rockdale, Screven , Taliaferro, Walton, Warren, Wash ington , Wilkes, Wilkinson.
Division Three (Thomaston)-Bibb . Butts . Carroll. Chattahoochee, Clayton, Coweta, Crawford, Crisp , Dooly, Fayette, Harris, Heard, Henry, Houston, Jones, Lamar, Macon, Marion, Meriwether, Monroe. Muscogee, Peach, Pike, Pulaski, Schley, Spalding, Stewart, Sumter, Talbot, Taylor, Troup, Twiggs, Upson, Webster, Wilcox.
Division Four (Tifton)-Atkinson, Baker. Ben Hill , Berrien, Brooks, Calhoun, Clay, Clinch , Coffee, Colquitt, Cook. Decatur, Dougherty, Early, Echols, Grady, Irw in. Lanier, Lee, Lowndes, MiUer, Mitchell, Qu itman, Randolph, Semino le, Terrell, Thomas, Tift, Turner, Worth.
Division Five (lesup)-Appling, Bacon. Bleckley, Brantley, Bryan, Bulloch, Camden, Candler, Charlton, Chatham, Dodge, Effingh am, Evans . Gl ynn. Jeff Dav is, Laurens, Liberty, Long, Mcintosh, Montgomery, Pierce, Tattnall, Telfair, Toombs, Treutlen, Ware. Wayne, Wheeler.
Division Six (Cartersville)-Bartow, Catoosa, Chattooga, Cherokee. Cobb, Dade, DeKalb, Douglas, Fannin, Floyd, Fulton, Gilmer, Gordon, Haralson, Murray, Paulding, Pickens, Polk, Walker, Wh itfield .

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137

Highway Authority. The Division of Bridges in the General Office is responsible for the design of all bridges included in projects on which the roadway design is accomplished in the field division office.

Right-oj-Way
The Assistant Field Division Engineer for right-of-way acquisition is the head of the Right-of-Way Section. This section is responsible for the acquisition of all rights-of-way, easements, etc., which are required for the construction of all types of roads. Rights-of-way are acquired in the name of the State for all projects on the State Highway System, including Interstate projects. Rights-of-way are acquired in the name of the county or the Georgia Highway Authority for projects not on the State Highway System.
The acquisition of rights-of-way on Federal-aid Primary and Interstate projects involves the following: (1) the appraisal of the value of each parcel, including improvements, growing crops, timber, etc., and severance damages, if any; (2) the preparation of and negotiation with the property owners for options; and (3) the negotiation for signatures on the right-of-way deeds. These activities are conducted in conjunction with local county officials and professional real estate appraisers. At any time that the foregoing procedures break down, because of the failure of the property owner to negotiate satisfactorily, it is the responsibility of the Right-of-Way Section to recommend to the State Highway Right-of-Way Engineer that condemnation proceedings be instituted. This section also cooperates with the Division of Utilities, in the General Office, in negotiating with public utilities in the rearrangement of the facilities which are in conflict with the highway construction.

Construction
The Construction Supervision Section is responsible for the supervision of all construction projects, both those by commercial contractors and by the counties under county contracts. This supervision is accomplished through one or more Assistant Field Division Engineers and/or a Bridge Engineer. The actual supervision of these construction activities is conducted by personnel of the field residencies. Each field residency office is super-

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Thirty-Second Report, State Highway Department of Georgia

vised by a Field Highway Engineer or a Resident Highway Engineer and includes various subordinate engineers, technicians, etc., depending upon the amount and the scope of the work assigned to the residency. The Assistant Field Division Engineers in charge of this construction supervision make routine visits to each active construction project, for the purpose of consulting with the residency personnel on unusual construction features, the correction of defects in the methods of construction and to make recommendations pertaining to contractors' operations. The Assistant Field Division Engineer is often accompanied by a representative from the Construction Division of the General Office and also by a representative of the Bureau of Public Roads on all Federal-aid projects except Federal-aid Secondary. The Assistant Field Division Engineers on construction also have the responsibility of attending all Plans, Specifications and Estimate inspections by officials from the General Office and the Bureau of Public Roads.

Materials
The Materials Section is responsible for the procurement of all selected local materials used in highway construction and for the sampling and testing of all materials used in highway construction. The sampling of these materials is accomplished by technicians assigned to each residency and by technicians assigned to the Materials Section of the division office. The testing is accomplished by field technicians in the division laboratory, or by the General Laboratory in Atlanta, as required. This section conducts a continuing training program for field materials technicians including an annual clinic. It also checks, on a continuing basis, the procedures used by the field materials technicians and inspects contractors' base course and pavement manufacturing plants.

Office
An Assistant Field Division Engineer, often referred to as the Office Engineer, is responsible for the overall management of the field division office and usually acts as the executive officer for the Field Division Engineer. This section is responsible for all of the contract documents, monthly and final statements on which payments are made to contractors, and similar activities at the division level.

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139

Maintenance
The Assistant Field Division Engineer on maintenance is responsible for the maintenance of all roads on the State Highway System in his division. This work is accomplished by maintenance patrol sections, which are assigned specific areas, usually though not always, within the geographical limits of a county. A patrolman is in charge of each maintenance patrol section and has a crew of men and equipment that are necessary to perform routine maintenance activities, such as road surface repairs, right-of-way mowing and weed cutting, etc., and keeping drainage ditches and structures open. In addition to these regular maintenance patrol sections, each division has several special heavy maintenance outfits, supervised by a superintendent or foreman, who are provided with heavy equipment to handle more difficult roadway and bridge repairs, such as widening of roadway shoulders, ditches, etc., asphalt paving and resurfacing, bridge painting and repairs of damages to bridges. The administration of the activities of the patrol sections and the special heavy maintenance outfits is conducted by the Assistant Field Division Engineer through Highway Maintenance Assistants, who are generally assigned geographical areas within the field division. This section is responsible also for the erection and maintenance of all roadway signs, and the repair and maintenance of heavy equipment, trucks, etc.

Accounting and Personnel
The Field Division Administrative Officer acts as assistant to the Field Division Engineer with responsibility for directing all accounting, budgeting, and other routine administrative activities of the division. He is responsible for keeping personnel records and the preparation of documents in connection with employment of personnel, salary increases, and other personnel actions.

N cio cOII .~trllctioll carri cs Fe deral-aid S econdarij Rou te 1 9 1.4 ove" the S ea board Coas t L ine R ailroad bctw ecn H am ilt on and J enkins St reets , i1l south W ay cross. Th e rotuhoap width is 4 8 fe et a1ld the bridge is 2 6.1 feet 101lg. P roj ect SSU-1914 (1) W arc Countu.

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141

Division of Highway Planning
OPERATED IN COOPERATION WITH U. S. BUREAU OF PUBLIC ROADS
LELAND S. VEAL State Highway Planning Engineer
The Division of Highway Planning is operated in cooperation with the U. S. Bureau of Public Roads and is financed jointly with Federal and State funds. Since 1934, the various FederalAid Highway Acts of Congress have authorized the use of 1% per cent of all Federal-aid highway funds for engineering and economic studies. These Federal funds are matched by State funds in the same ratio as that applicable to construction funds. Title 23, United States Code, specifies that these funds may be expended for engineering and economic surveys and investigations for the planning of future highway programs and the financing thereof, for studies of the economy, safety, and convenience of highway usage and the desirable regulation and equitable taxation thereof, and for research necessary in connection with the planning, design, construction, and maintenance of highways and highway systems, and the regulation and taxation of their use. The funds are available for planning and research only, and may not be used except for the purposes outlined above.
The principal functions of the Division of Highway Planning consist of conducting fact-finding studies, economic investigations, fiscal studies, inventories of highways, traffic surveys, urban transportation studies, preparation of State and county maps, recording the history of road development, and programming Federal-aid projects. Reports and recommendations prepared on the basis of these studies and records aid the Director, the State Highway Engineer, and other officials of the Highway Department in the formulation of policies and the intelligent planning for future highway needs. Much of the work as carried on by this division has been made a prerequisite of approval for Federal-aid construction projects.
Traffic Surveys
Traffic counts are being made for 24 hours, every day in the year, by the use of automatic traffic recording machines at 58

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Thirty-Second Report, State Highway Department of Georgia

continuous count stations located at strategic points throughout the State. Thirty-four of these locations are in rural areas and 24 are in urban areas.
Twenty continuous count stations have been incorporated into Georgia's automatic traffic data telemetry system. This system uses a computer located in the office of the Division of Highway Planning, which is connected by telephone lines and equipment to an electrical read-out counter at each remote location. These locations are automatically polled according to a predetermined schedule. Through the executions of stored computer programs, data are collected, edited and recorded. Georgia's was the first working system of this nature in the nation.

In conjunction with the continuous count stations, some of which have been in operation for 30 years, 144 seasonal control stations are being operated. These stations are operated for a period of seven days during each of the 12 months. These data, along with the data obtained from the continuous count program, permit the development of seasonal variation patterns for every State and Federal-aid System road section in the State.
In addition to the above, 24-hour coverage counts are made at some 11,500 rural locations and 7,500 urban locations. These data are used to produce an estimate of annual average daily traffic for all sections of the State Highway System, as well as county roads and city streets. The computer listing of this information is made available by county or city to the general public at a nominal charge. Also, each year a traffic flow map of the State Highway System is prepared and sufficient copies are printed for distribution to Chambers of Commerce, business concerns and others. Copies of the map may be obtained from the Division of Highway Planning upon request.

A truck weight study is conducted in August and September of each year, at 12 strategic points throughout the State, to obtain data on truck types, changes in truck traffic volumes and weights, loading practices, etc. These data are furnished to Highway officials and the Bureau of Public Roads and when combined with similar data from other States are used to establish trends in traffic classification, in the weights and weight distribution of commercial vehicles, and quantities of goods transported.

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This division gathers the necessary traffic information at locations of new construction projects to furnish required design related traffic factors to the Division of Road Design and Division of Urban Design for their use in the development of plans for Federal-aid projects. This work consists of preparing schematic diagrams in strip map presentation together with diagrammatic sketches of each major intersection upon which is shown the estimated future daily traffic and design-hour volumes for the next 20 years on the Interstate and Primary Systems and for the next 15 years on the Secondary System.

Urban Transportation Planning Studies
Transportation planning in urban areas continues to receive special study by the Division of Highway Planning. Such studies are comprehensive in nature and are established as continuing transportation planning programs in cooperation with the governing bodies of the areas concerned as well as with the city and regional planning commissions. These planning studies include a review and determination of travel patterns and traffic volumes, a review of traffic control features and the physical street system, inventory and projection of population, land use, and economic data with projections of these data to future design years. A plan is then developed for an integrated transportation system and a program for its implementation cooperatively by the local governments and the State Highway Department.
During this biennium, work has been performed on planning studies in Milledgeville, Cedartown, and Waynesboro.

Planning in Cities Over 50,000
In the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1962, Congress declared it to be in the national interest to encourage and promote the development of transportation systems, embracing various modes of transport in a manner that will serve the State and local communities efficiently and effectively. To accomplish this objective, the Bureau of Public Roads is directed to cooperate with the State highway departments in the development of longrange highway plans and programs which are properly coordinated with plans for improvement in other affected forms of transportation and which are formulated with due consideration to their probable effect on the future development of urban areas of more than fifty thousand population. The Act provides that

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Thirty-Second Report, State Highway Department of Georgia

after July 1, 1965, a Federal-aid project in an urban area of more than fifty thousand population shall not be approved unless such project is based on a continuing, comprehensive transportation planning process carried on cooperatively by the State Highway Department and the local communities. The six cities in Georgia with population of more than fifty thousand are Albany, Atlanta, Augusta, Columbus, Macon and Savannah. Rossville, Georgia, is included in the urban area of Chattanooga, Tennessee, and the transportation study in that area is being conducted in cooperation with the Tennessee Department of Highways.
During this biennium, transportation studies were continued in the six cities listed in the above paragraph. These studies are being conducted in cooperation with the local governmental agencies and in each instance an agreement has been entered into between the State Highway Department and the city and county officials of the metropolitan area, outlining the phases of the work for which each agency is responsible.
The Augusta study includes the city of North Augusta and the County of Aiken in South Carolina, and the South Carolina Highway Department is participating. The Columbus study includes Phenix City, Alabama, and the Alabama Highway Department is participating.

Road Inventory
A complete inventory of all rural roads in the State was finished in July 1954. A reinventory was completed in all counties in 1961 and a second reinventory in all counties was finished in 1966. The road inventory includes the measurement of all public roads in the State, in accordance with an Act of the General Assembly of 1951, as outlined in a preceding section of this report. This work is essential to keep the records up-to-date and has provided the field data required in the preparation of revised county maps.
Information was obtained on each road to show the type of grading, base and surface; the width of surface, roadbed and right-of-way; topography and culture in sight of the road, such as farm units, dwellings, schools, churches, cemeteries, airports, lakes, streams, railroads and public parks. The information ob-

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145

tained on bridges includes type of substructure, type of superstructure for each span, length of spans, and other data.
Information was obtained also on each railway-highway crossing, indicating the sight distance, kind of obstructions which restrict clear views, and type of protective devices. These data will be useful in the preparation of programs for protecting the most dangerous railway crossings by flashing lights, gates or separation structures.

Maps
Maps of all counties in Georgia, prepared by this division, are available to the public at twenty-five cents each, to cover the cost of printing. The maps are revised on the basis of the road inventory and show all roads, streams, railroads, municipalities, militia districts, and items of culture as mentioned above.
The value and usefulness of the county maps are evidenced by the large demand from individuals, business and engineering concerns, and governmental agencies. These maps are also of inestimable value in carrying on the various activities of the Highway Department.
The official map of the State Highway System, issued for free distribution, is prepared by this division and is revised yearly. This map is lithographed in colors and wide distribution is made throughout the United States to tourists and others who plan trips to Georgia.
Maps are being prepared for all incorporated places in the State. Maps of 510 municipalities have been finished and are available for sale to the public.

Road Life Study
The Road Life Study has as its objective the assembly of records of highway construction and retirement on the State Highway System. This study provides a complete record of every road and bridge on the State Highway System constructed by the Highway Department since its organization in 1916, as well as roads and bridges constructed by the various Authorities. These records show the amount of expenditure for each type

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of construction, a detailed description of each road and bridge by location, type of surface, length, width, year built, and all subsequent retirements and reconstruction.

Fiscal Study
Each year, information is compiled on the revenue, expenditures and outstanding bond indebtedness for roads and streets of all counties and municipalities in the State. These data are obtained directly from the records of the local governmental units. Monthly and annual statistical reports are prepared for the use of Highway officials and the Bureau of Public Roads on motorvehicle registrations, highway-user taxes, and highway expenditures.

Records of Highway Systems
This division assembles factual data required by the Bureau of Public Roads in justification of all projects included in the various Federal-aid programs and prepares reports to substantiate requests for additions to or changes in the Federal-aid Systems. Records are kept of the State Highway System and the various Federal-aid Systems. An annual report is compiled, of which copies are furnished to the Bureau of Public Roads, giving information as to the mileage and surface type of roads constructed during the year and the total mileage, by type of surface, of the State Highway System, county roads, and the Federalaid Systems.
Tabulations are made of the State Highway System by routes, counties and Congressional Districts for use by other units of the Highway Department and the State and local governments. A tabulation of the official mileage of the State Highway System and other public roads in each county is furnished to the State Treasurer as of the beginning of each fiscal year, which is used as a basis for the apportionment and disbursement of the State funds appropriated by the General Assembly to the counties for construction and maintenance of roads.
As instructed by the Director, this division prepares the required official documents, accompanied by sketch maps, for execution by the Director, covering changes in the State Highway System, including relocations and abandonments due to new construction.

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Highway Needs Study
The Statewide Engineering Study of Highway, Road and Street Needs, started in 1962, has been completed. The overall study included a comprehensive appraisal of all highways, roads and streets in Georgia to determine present and future needs for construction, maintenance and administration of the highway network for a 20-year period. The results of this portion of the study, commonly referred to as the Needs Study, were published in a report prepared by the Division of Highway Planning.

A further phase of the overall project was a complete study of present financing procedures for highways, roads and streets and an evaluation of the State's ability to meet present and future needs as determined by the Needs Study. This portion of the project, referred to as the Fiscal Study, was conducted, under contract, by Wilbur Smith and Associates, a nationally recognized firm of consulting engineers. The findings and recommendations of the Fiscal Study were published in a separate report, prepared by the consultant.

Highway Research Projects
The highway research projects listed below are being financed with Federal-aid highway planning and research funds and State-matching funds.
Under a cooperative agreement between the State Highway Department and the U. S. Geological Survey, the latter agency is conducting a small watershed study. This consists of investigations of the water resources of Georgia, with special reference to the collection and analysis of information on floods of small drainage areas in Georgia.
Georgia State College has continued work on a study to determine the economic effects of highway bypasses around the urban areas, and completed a Highway Beautification Impact Study, under the title of a study to examine some critical areas in aesthetics and economics as these topics relate to land and landbased structures.

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The University of Georgia is making a systematic cataloging and evaluation of plant materials for highway use in Georgia, and is also conducting a study covering the revision, codification and compilation of Georgia highway laws.
During this biennium, Georgia Institute of Technology, through its Engineering Experiment Station or Georgia Tech Research Institute, conducted the following research projects under contract with the State Highway Department:

1. A study of bearing capacity of pile foundations.
2. A study of highway structure corrosion problems and metal protective coatings systems.
3. A study of lightweight aggregate concrete for prestressed highway bridge girders.
4. A study of hot melt traffic marking materials.
5. Wet night visibility study.

Reproduction Unit
The Reproduction Unit is under the general and administrative direction of the Division of Highway Planning, and is under the immediate supervision of the Print Shop Manager. This unit performs work for all divisions in the General Office as well as the field divisions. It operates equipment for reproduction of documents by photographic and offset processes. The equipment includes cameras, Itek plate-making equipment, Multilith offset machines, collator, folding machines, power paper cutter, Xerox copying machine, etc.

A erial Lab ora torij B u ild ing of the Div isi on of Su rueu and A erial lIfa ppillg , in Hapev ille.

150

Thirty-Second Report, State Highway Department of Georgia

COST OF CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS AND BRIDGES

From the Organization of the Highway Department to June 30, 1968

Year

Amount

Prior to 1920

$ 1,895,004.87

1920

9,842,569.79

1921 --______________________________ 8,989,749.69

1922

4,709,324.42

1923 -_______________________________ 3,537,899.61

1924

2,748,354.81

1925

6,161,563.68

1926

6,599,520.43

1927

12,705,857.46

1928

9,870,372.50

1929

9,369,582.19

19301

5,023,129.12

1931

13,999,096.99

1932

16,679,659.18

1933

11,369,631.60

1934

8,873,322.36

1935

11,380,060.33

1936

10,535,842.21

1937

13,320,556.26

1938

20,343,037.80

1939

15,313,972.60

1940

15,125,550.07

1941

25,843,834.03

1942

17,431,836.23

1943

12,156,409.41

1944

7,904,986.85

1945

4,446,878.72

1946

6,053,516.25

1947

18,778,646.48

1948

19,176,439.40

1949

32,264,461.83

1950

33,575,252.34

1951

32,197,784.93

1952

37,063,679.58

1953

50,745,704.23

1954

45,487,792.56

Cumulative Total
$ 1,895,004.87 11,737,574.66 20,727,324.35 25,436,648.77 28,974,548.38 31,722,903.19 37,884,466.87 44,483,987.30 57,189,844.76 67,060,217.26 76,429,799.45 81,452,928.57 95,452,025.56 112,131,684.74 123,501,316.34 132,374,638.70 143,754,699.03 154,290,541.24 167,611,097.50 187,954,135.30 203,268,107.90 218,393,657.97 244,237,492.00 261,669,328.23 273,825,737.64 281,730,724.49 286,177,603.21 292,231,119.46 311,009,765.94 330,186,205.34 362,450,667.17 396,025,919.51 428,223,704.44 465,287,384.02 516,033,088.25 561,520,880.81

'The amount for 1930 represents exoenditures for one-half year. The Hlzhway Department accounting was changed from calendar year to fiscal year basis on July 1, 1930.

Thirty-Second Report, State Highway Department of Georgia

151

COST OF CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS AND BRIDGES

From the Organization of the Highway Department to June 30, 1968

Year
1955 --1956 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 -1968

Amount
$49,698,748.93 43,592,920.67 46,152,826.00 64,807,747.54 84,233,041.25 82,312,470.44 99,856,209.92 98,924,758.10 109,300,521.67 .110,400,943.43 119,717,782.01 141,317,696.27 160,475,093.21 286,200,373.19

Cumulative Total
$611,219,629.74 654,812,550.41 700,965,376.41 765,773,123.95 850,006,165.20 932,318,635.64
1,032,174,845.56 1,131,099,603.66 11,241,347,033.84 1,351,747,977.27 1,471,465,759.28 1,612,783,455.55 1,773,258,548.76 2,059,458,921.95

'Cumulative total at the end of the year 1963 includes an adustment in the amount of $946.908.51 to cover payments in prior years for costs incident to purchase of rights-of-way which had not been shown as part of construction costs.
The amounts shown represent total cost of construction, including cash expenditures by the State Highway Department. Federal-aid funds, and non-cash participation of Work Projects Administration, Counties, Cities, Railroads, etc. The amounts include costs of engineering on projects of the State Bridge Building Authority, Georgia Rural Roads Authority, Georgia State Highway Authority and Georgia Highway Authority, for which the Highway Department was reimbursed, but do not include expenditures by these Authorities for actual construction.

152

Thirty-Second Report, State Highway Department of Georgia

Division of Finance and Audits w. M. WILLIAMS
Secretary and Treasurer
The Secretary and Treasurer of the State Highway Department is the administrative head of the Division of Finance and Audits. It is his duty and responsibility to receive, protect, and disburse all funds coming into the Highway Department.
The Division of Finance and Audits maintains an adequate system of financial records and an internal audit system. It prepares, quarterly, a comprehensive budget under which the Secretary and Treasurer approves all funds for the purchase of equipment, materials, supplies and services before such purchases are authorized by the Director of the State Highway Department. This division prepares all financial reports, including a monthly balance sheet with supporting data which reflects the current financial condition of the Highway Department and the available resources to the end of the current fiscal year. It prepares biennial budgets for submission to the General Assembly.
The accompanying statements reflect the financial condition of the Highway Department for the fiscal years ending June 30, 1967, and June 30, 1968.
The balance sheet, reflecting assets, liabilities, and capital investments, is identified as Exhibit "A".
Exhibit "B" reflects the revenue from all sources accruing to the Department and amounts appropriated to each of the various activities for the years 1967 and 1968.
The actual receipts and expenditures for the periods are presented in Exhibit "C".
The records are subjected to a thorough annual examination by the State Auditor, who has found the financial activities fully recorded and the accounting procedure to be sound and adequate.

Thirty-Second Report, State Highway Department of Georgia

153

Electronic Computer Center
The Electronic Computer Center, located in the Division of Finance and Audits, has experienced a steady increase in demand for computations of every nature. A Current Billing - Concurrent Audit System has been implemented and accepted by the U. S. Bureau of Public Roads and was put into effect July 1, 1966.
The Division of Contracts and Estimates utilizes the computer for preparing notices to contractors, cost estimates, and proposals, and expects to expand into bid checking and price estimating based on historical data.
Engineers are using the computer extensively to solve more varied and complex problems. Design and final earthwork quantities are being derived for the field divisions, the Division of Road Design and the Division of Urban Projects. The Division of Bridges uses the computer for many calculations incident to preparation of plans. Both the Aerial Survey Laboratory and the General Laboratory find the computer indispensable for solving tedious mathematical problems.

Block ing g l/a l'd rail out. [rom. su ppo rtin g pos ts to prevent too-s udden s toppin g 0/ a nO/away ve h icle t hro utth. catchin g w heel
on, 01' "pocketing" bet w een, pos ts , a nd bUI'ying of gu ard mil ends in con crete below ground le vel to prevent. impalem en t on ex -
posed mil end arc amon g ne w safcty de si gn pmctic es ad op t ed by th e Sta te H iUlllcu y Depa rt m ent. ell/I'iny th is biel/nil/m ,

Thirty-Second Report, State Highway Department of Georgia

155

EXHIBIT "A" STATEMENT OF ASSETS AND LIABILITIES
A condensed summary from Exhibit "A" is as follows:

Description

June 30, 1967

ASCSuErrTeSn:t Assets ______________________________ Fund Assets ____________________________________
Total Assets ____________________________
LICAuBrrIeLnItTILEiaSb:ilities ________________________ Fund Balance ------------------------------Total Liabilities ----------------

$100,515,782.73 19,021,408.66
$119,537,191.39
$ 18,979,894.74 100,557,296.65
$119,537,191.39

June 30, 1968
$235,595,305.27 5,503,861.01
$241,099,166.28
$162,116,760.81 78,982,405.4 7
$241,099,166.28

CAPITAL INVESTMENT ACCOUNT

Description

June 30, 1967

June 30, 1968

CAPITAL INVESTMENTS: Land, Buildings and Equipment $ 15,922,764.73 Rotaiodns aCnodstBs r_i__d__g__e__s__,__C___o__n__s__t__r_u__e__-_______ 1,977,390,068.31

Total Capital Investments __ $1,993,312,833.04

CAPITAL LIABILITIES: Highway Refunding Certificate $

100.00

CAPITAL SURPLUS:

SuErpqluuispmInevnetst_e__d____i_n_____P__l__a__n__t___a__n__d______

15,922,764.73

Surplus Invested in Highways _ 1,977,389,968.31

Toatnadl CSuarppitlauls _L__i__a_b___i_l_i__t_i_e__s_____ $1,993,312,833.04

$ 18,570,789.21 2,103,972,684.86
$2,122,543,474.07

$

100.00

18,570,789.21 2,103,972,584.86
$2,122,543,474.07

156

Thirty-Second Report, State Highway Department of Georgia

EXHIBIT "B"
RECONCILIATION OF FUND BALANCES
This exhibit reflects funds accruing to the Department from all sources and also reflects the functions to which those funds were appropriated. Any funds accruing to the Department are incorporated in annual and quarterly budgets which are submitted to, and approved by, the State Budget Bureau.
A condensed statement of revenues and appropriations follows:

Description

June 30, 1968

June 30, 1967

FUND REVENUES:

Fund Reserve at Beginning of Year__ $ 35,147,276.66

State Treasury

_ 121,936,716.71

Miscellaneous Income

_

22,062.10

$ 25,726,423.86 115,476,221.06 6,605.72

Authority Income for Supervision _

1,430,058.09

Income from Civil Defense

_

6,034.37

City Grants Receivable

_

----------------

Liquidated Damages Recovered _ Cr. 29,622.50

949,319.38 5,508.99
Cr. 2,043.15
-

Reserve for Laboratory Building

Sale ------------------------------------------------------

Funds Held in Abeyance

_ Cr.

.-_.-------_.---
20,000.00

200,000.00
----------------

1-------1-------

$158,492,525.43 $142,362,035.86

Federal Cash Participation

_ 89,278,059.18

65,556,599.62

Non-Cash Participation: Railroads and Counties

_ 4,766,161.61

3,040,337.41

Construction Participation: Other Cash

_

705,288.87

382,701.04

1-------1-------

AvaanidlabRleesfeorvresAppropriations

_ $253,242,035.09 $211,341,673.93

FUCNonDstrAuPctPioRnOPRIATIONS:

_

Right-of-Way

_

Surveys

_

Preparation of Plans

_

General Field Engineering

_

Research and Analysis

_

Highway Planning

_

Maintenance

_

Administration

_

Compensation Claims

_

Equipment Purchases

_

State Bridge Building Authority _ Georgia Rural Roads Authority _

Georgia State Highway Authority _ State Office Building Authority _

Georgia Highway Authority-GR-GS

Reserve Funds

_

Unapplied Other Cash Participation.

Appropriation Balances

_

155,012,099.12 18,510,481.56 7,407,068.02 621,192.16 4,684,448.76 549,332.53 1,636,315.82 18,046,886.51 3,801,940.02 152,940.17 3,542,122.60 2,003,350.50 8,275,334.89 7,165,377.28 400,000.00
----------------
2,546,652.82 112,449.45
18,774,042.88

Total Fund Appropriations

and Reserves

_ $253,242,035.09

126,411,983.73 7,476,149.32 3,413,914.01 554,233.78 5,597,411.81 771,365.79 2,028,215.53
20,563,328.98 4,057,532.17 186,179.21 3,466,021.01 1,911,370.00 8,347,836.25 7,254,577.30 400,000.00 1,361,125.00 1,453,266.76 126,781.23
15,980,382.05
$211,341,673.93

Thirty-Second Report, State Highway Department of Georgia

157

EXHIBIT "e"

RECEIPTS AND EXPENDITURES
A condensed summary of the Revenue Receipts and Expenditures, with the relative percentages for the periods covered by this report, is as follows:

Year Ended June 30, 1967

Year Ended June 30, 1968

Description

Percentage Amount

Percentage

Amount

REVENUE RECEIPTS: State Treasury ______________ 55.46 $130,513,723.77

Due from State Treasury ______________________ -

-

Miscellaneous Income.___

.01

22,062.10

AuStuhopreirvt~isi~onnco__m__e____f_o___r______

.60 1,430,058.09

Income from Civil Defense _______________________

-

6,034.37

Reserve for Laboratory Building Sale ______________

-

-

Other Cash Participation _______________. .29

705,288.87

Liquidated Damages Recovered _______________.____
City Grants Receivable _ Funds Held in Abeyance

.01 Cr . 29,622.50

- Cr.

952.23

.01 Cr . 20,000.00

Federal Cash Participation .---------_._-
Non-Cash Participation:
Railroads and Counties ------------------
Total Receipts ____________

56.38 $132,626,592.47 43.35 102,003,115.21

.27

631,250.67

100.00 $235,260,958.35

EXPENDITURES: Construction -----------------~ SRuigrvhet-yosi-_W____a__y______-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-
Preparation of Plans._____ General Field
Engineering ________________
Research and Analysis__ Maintenance __________________
Administration ------_._----Highway Planning ________ Compensation Claims ___ Equipment Purchases ___ State Bridge Building
Authority ____________________
GeAourgthiaorRituyra_l___R___o__a__d__s______
Georgia State Highway Authority ____________________
StAatuethOofrfiitcye _B___u__i_l__d__i_n__g_____

65.45 ~141,785,657.79

8.59 18,620,372.27

2.63 5,704,158.54

.29

618,934.81

2.15 4,656,728.38

.25

540,598.52

8.21 17,789,542.33

1.75 3,780,572.09

1.08 2,346,824.59

.07

152,940.17

1.27 2,748,261.65

.96 2,083,858.00

3.82 8,275,334.89

3.30 7,143,827.28

.18

399,961.00

Total Expenditures.___ 100.00 $216,647,572.31

32.08 $109,592,689.44

4.54 15,498,240.84

-

6,605.72

.27

949,319.38

-

5,508.99

.06

200,000.00

.11

382,701.04

-

-

- Cr. 1,090.92

-

-

37.06 $126,633,974.49

59.72 204,018,878.78

3.22 11,013,530.30 100.00 $341,666,383.57

69.66 $246,615,263.23

11.17 39,536,654.60

1.82 6,434,913.30

.16

570,000.65

1.60 .23
6.30 1.17
.71
.05 1.47

5,655,641.38 805,840.38
22,299,046.80 4,124,596.09 2,527,039.06 186,179.21 5,195,421.22

.56 1,996,811.00

2.36 8,347,836.25

2.63 9,318,927.32

.11

399,961.00

100.00 $354,014,131.49

158

Thirty-Second Report, State Highway Department 0/ Georgia

FUND BALANCE SHEET Reflecting the Fund Position as of June 30, 1967

Exhibit "A"

ASSETS

CURRENT ASSETS:

Cash in Banks-

Cash for Highway Qperations $ 86,708,962.68

Trust Fund Cash

661,661.74 $ 87,360,604.32

ReceivablesDue from U.S. Government Accounts Receivable Petty Cash

$ 13,078,766.86

_ _

13,817.83 27,660.00

Due from Authorities for Matching Other Funds Total Current Assets

_
-_

-

-7-0,9-02.-49

DEAFcEcRruRedEDL'eCavHeARGES:

$

67,244.46

Inventory, Materials and Supplies __

120,011.79

Undistributed Charges and Credits

468,986.78

Automotive Equipment Clearing Cr. 112,267.84

-----

Total Proprietary Assets

Less: Reserve for Doubtful Assets $ 664,942.02

Encumbrances-Automotive

Equipment Clearing

Cr. 6,620.06

13,190,626.18 $100,661,230.60
623,974.19 $101,076,204.69
669,421.96

$ 100,616,782.73

FUND ASSETS:

Funds Due from State Treasury $ 6,479,004.93

Advance Appropriation-Due from State Treasury

4,136,704.29 $ 9,614,709.22

EsFtiemdaetreadl GFuonvdesrnDmueentfrom

_

Advance Appropriation-Due from

Federal Government

$ 34,606,604.97

Less: AlIotted and Unrecorded

84,606,604.97

9,406,747.21 0.00

City Grant Funds Due

_

962.23

Total Fund Assets

_

FIXBuEiDldiAnSgsSEanTdS:Lands

_

Road Equipment

_

Other Equipment

_

Total Fixed Assets

_

ROADS AND BRIDGES (Exhibit "D")
CoPsrtotgoreDsaste on Construction in _

CoCstontostDruactteioonn Completed

_

$ 7,760,901.47 6,106,338.12 3,066,626.14
$ 938,377,683.39 1,039,012,684.92

Total Roads and Bridges _

Total

_

19,021,408.66 16,922,764.73
1,977,390,068.31 $2,112.860,024.43

Thirty-Second Report, State Highway Department of Georgia

159

FUND BALANCE SHEET Reflecting the Fund Position as of June 30, 1967
Exhibit "A" Continued

LIABILITIES

CURRENT LIABILITIES:

CAoccnotruancttsorPs'ayRaebtlaeinage Payable __

Liability for Trust Funds

_

$ 13,437,086.27

Cr.

509.06

651,651.74

Total Proprietary Liabilities

OUOTRSDTEARNSDING PURCHASE

_

ALLOTMENT OBLIGATIONS: AlClootnmsetrnutscttioonComplete

$177,323,915.21

Less: Federal Cash Participation $113,006,422.08 Non-Cash Participation 6,316,386.94

119,322,809.02

$ $ 58,001,106.19

14,088,228.95 4,891,665.79

ALLOTMENTS FOR
RIGHT-OF-WAY Less: Federal Cash
Participation $ 21,051,601.57 Non-Cash Participation 1,648,805.95

$ 25,633,359.72 22,700,407.52

2,932,952.20

ALLOTMENTS FOR

OTHER OPERATIONS

$

Less: Federal Cash

Participation $ 4,404,255.51

Non-Cash

Participation

8,000.00

Total Allotment Obligations APPROPRIATION BALANCES
UNGRroEsCsORDED COMMITM. ENT. S.- _

Less Federal Cash Participation.... $

Other Participation

..

9,454,946.89 4,412,255.51
2,048,394.00 28,400.00

5,042,691.38
$ 6,383,390.54 2,076,794.00

65,976,749.77 18,774,042.88
4,306,596.54

UNAPPLIED FUND'S: Other Cash Participation City Grant Participation

. ._

$ 109,565.58 2,883.87

112,449.45

UNAPPROPRIATED FUNDS FROM FEDERAL GOVERNMENT
RESERVES OF FUNDS . ._. _

CAPITAL LIABILITIES AND SURPLUS: Refunding Certificate Due in 1940 SuErpqluuispmInevnetste. d i.n. Plant and. . _

SuarnpldusBIrnidvgeessted in Roads.

._

$

100.00

15,922,764.73

1,977,389,968.31

9,405,747.21 1,981,710.8()

Toatnald CSaupriptallusLi_a_b. il.ities _

Total . ..

. . __

1,993,312,833.04 $2,112,850,024.43

160

Thirty-Second Report, State Highway Department of Georgia

RECONCILIATION OF FUND SURPLUS
June 30, 1967
Exhibit "B"

FUND REVENUE

Surplus Reserve at July I, 1966._________

$ 36,147,276.66

FUND APPROPRIATIONS:

General Operations

.. $ 7,200,000.00

Transfers .

._._ _. _._

6,034.37 $ 7,206,034.37

Authority Rental Payments .__.

_

Planning and Construction

$ 30,291,326.38

Transfers

._. ._.. ... _. 1,686,206.40

Matching Federal Aid .._._.

.__$ 27,411,996.00

Advance Appropriation-1966.'67 Cr. 3,693,363.96

Transfers _.__.....__.. .. _.____________________

70,902.49

18,300,000.00 31,977,631.78
23,889,644.63

Maintenance and Betterments

$ 21,769.644.00

Transfers

..... .. ._._______

336,894.64

22,096,438.64

Transfers from Other Than Appropriation Accounts . .._. _

Cr. 2,100,036.80 101,369,612.42

Advance Appropriation-1967-1968 __

Special Appropriation for

Airport Construction

_

Appropriation for Matching Appala-

chian Development Highway

Funds ....

.._..__... _.. _

$ 4,136,704.29 431,600.00
16,000,000.00

20,667,204.29

MISCELLANEOUS FUNDS: Miscellaneous Income .. _._.._. ... _... _..__

Authority Income for Supervision _

Income from Civil Defense

.

Liquidated Damages Recovered ._.

Funds Held in Abeyance .__.. .__....

$ 22,062.10 1,430,068.09
6,034.37 Cr. 29,622.60 Cr. 20,000.00

1,{08,632.06

FED'ERAL CASH PARTICIPATION COONtSheTrRUCCasThION PART.ICIPATI.O.. N: .

NORNai-lCroAaSdHs P__.ART.ICIP..A_...T__I.ON:

_

Cities and Counties ._..

. __

$

1,382.00

4,764,779.61

89,278,069.18 706,288.87
4,766,161.61

AvaanidlabRleesfoerrvAesppropriatio. ns . _

$263,242,036.09

Thirty-Second Report, State Highway Department of Georgia

161

RECONCILIATION OF FUND SURPLUS June 30, 1967
Exhibit "B" Continued

FUND APPROPRIATIONS

PLSAtNatNe IFNuGndANCDonCtrOacNtSs TRUCTION: Federal Fund Contracts Unrecorded Commitments

$ 27,466,479.04 118,497,063.18 3,833,464.88

StaTtoetaFloCrcoenstract Appropriations. Unrecorded Commitments

$149,797,007.10 4,744,960.36 470,131.66

Total Construction Appropriations

$155,012,099.12

~~~~;;:-~~~---~~~~--~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~--~~~~~~--~~~~~$ 7,404,068.02

Unrecorded Commitments Preparation of Plans

_-_ - - - - - 3,000.00

General Field Engineering

_

Research and Analysis

_

Highway Planning

_

18,510,481.56
7,407,068.02
621,192.16 4,684,448.76
549,332.53 1,636,315.82

Total Planning and Construction. _

$188,420,937.97

MAINTENANCE

GEANdEmRinAiLstrOatPiEonRATIONS:

Compensation Claims

Equipment

.

Equipment, Highway Planning
Authorities: State Bridge Building Authority
Georgia Rural Roads Authority Georgia Highway Authority

State Office Building Authority

Total General Operations

_ _ _ _
$ 2,003,350.50 _ 8,275,334.89 _ 7,165,377.28
-_ - - - - 400,000.00
_

$ 3,801,940.02 152,940.17
3,503,580.60 38,542.00
17,844,062.67

18,046,886.51 25,341,065.46

APPROPRIATION BALANCES

_

RESERVED FUNDS

_

18,774,042.88 2,546,652.82

UNAPPLIED FUNDS:

Other Cash Participation

_

City Grant Participation

__

Total Fund Appropriations and Reserves

$ 109,565.58 2,883.87

112,449.45

$253,242,035.09

162

Thirty-Second Report, State Highway Department of Georgia

REVENUE RECEIPTS AND EXPENDITURES
June 1, 1966 to June 30, 1967
Exhibit "C'

REVENUE RECEIPTS

CASStaHt:e Treasury Miscellaneous Income Authority Income for Supervision Income from Civil Defense Other Cash Participation City Grants Receivable
Liquidated Damages Recovered Funds Held in Abeyance

$130,513,723.77

22,062.10

1,430,058.09 6,034.37

705,288.87

Cr.

952.23

.Cr. 29,622.50 Cr. 20,000.00

$132,626,592.47

FEDERAL CASH PARTICIPATION NORNai-lCroAaSdHs PARTIC'IPATION:
Counties and Cities
Total Revenue Receipts

_

- - - - - $
_

15,296.36 631,250.67

102,003,115.21 646,547.03

$235,276,254.71

EXPENDITURES

CONSTRUCTION: State Fund Contracts Federal Fund Contracts

.__ $ 20,206,013.02 116,459,691.66

Total Contracts State Forces

$136,665,704.68 5,119,953.11

Total Construction

_

Right-of-Way

_

Surveys

_

General Field Engineering .

_

Preparation of Plans

_

Research and Analysis

_

Maintenance

.

_

Administration

_

Equipment Purchases

_

Compensation Claims

_

State Bridge Building Authority _

State Office Building Authority _

Georgia Rural Roads Authority

_

Georgia Highway Authority

_

Highway Planning

_

$141,785,657.79 18,620,372.27 5,704,158.54 4,656,728.38
618,934.81 540,598.52 17,789,542.33 3,780,572.09 2,748,261.65
152,940.17 2,083,858.00
399,961.00 8,275,334.89 7,143,827.28 2,346,824.59

Total Expenditures

$216,647,572.31

Total Receipts Total Expenditures ExEcxespsenRdeictueripetss over AdJdu:lyPrIo,pr1i9e6ta6ry Surplus at
ProJupnrieeta3r0y, S1u9r6p7lus at

RESUME' ._ _
_ _
_

$235,276,254.71 216,647,572.31
$ 18,628,682.40 68,358,293.34
$ 86,986,975.74

SUMMARY OF CONSTRUCTION June 30, 1967

Exhibit I'D"

DESCRIPTION

Total Allotments

EXPENDITURES

Net Encumbrances

Payments

Total Cbarges

Cast to Complete

State Funds

FUND PARTICIPATIO~

Federal Funds

CO~~~bfJU,~A.
Non-Cash Participation

Otber Casb Funds

Totals

0c::n Projects ................. $ 938,377,533.39 $ 1,174,244.62 $ 734,246,013.84 $ 735,420,258.46 $202,957,274.93 $275,639,194.75 $645,805,363.02 $ 7,847,390.18 $ 9,085,585.44 $ 938,377,533.39 C osed Projects ................ 1,039,012,534.92 ................ 1,039,012,534.92 1,039,012.534.92 ................ 634,846,207.34 346,897,508.81 48,807,724.83 8,461,093.94 1,039,012,534.92

Totals ........................ $1,977,390,068.31 $ 1,174,244.62 $1,773,258,548.76 $1,774,432,793.38 $202,957,274.93

Total Allotments and Distributions ........... " ... ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ $910,485,402.09 $992,702,871. 83 $ 56,655,115.01 $ 17,546,679.38 $1,977,390,068.31
Deduct: Construction Funds Expended ................... ................ ................ . ............... ................ ................ 858,636,929.14 858,652,848.18 48,681,922.12 8,461,093.94 1,774,432,793.38

Total Constructions Funds

. Due: State

Funds ...............

................

.

........ ......

................

................

................

$ 51,848,472.95

Federal Funds ............. ................ ................ ................ ................ . ............... ................ $134,050,023.65

Non-Cash Participation .... ................ ................ ................ ................ . ............... ................ . ............... $ 7,973,192.89
Other Casb Participation ... ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ .......... ...... $ 9,085,585.44 Total Funds Due.............. ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ . ..... . .. ....... . ....... ..... ... ................ . ............... $ 202,957,274.93

INVENTORY OF LANDS, BUILDINGS AND EQUIPMENT June 30, 1967
Schedule No. 7

DESCRIPTION

A~:
June 30, 1966

Additions Fiscal Year 1966-1967

Totals

Depreciation Fiscal Year 1966-1967

Equipment Junked
1966-1967

Ap~:~:d
June 30,1967

Land and Interest in Land ............ S 491,189.97 S

Borrow Pita ..........................

85,690.90

41,125.20 S 65.75

532,315.17 85,756.65

.S.............................

.s.............................

S

532,315.17 85,756.65

BUildi~ and Improvementa........... Road achinery and Equipment....... Airplane. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6,566,673.90

576,155.75

2,935,750.17 5,643.86

......9.7..9.,9.1.6...3.2.

7,142,829.85 3,915,666.49
5,643.86

......978: 9iil: il2
1,410.97

....... '2:ilis:iJiJ ................

7,142,829.65 2,934,134.87
4,232.89

Trucka-AJI Sizeo.................... OfficeFurniture and Fixtures ..........

2,310,510.02 1,131,103.96

600,594.31 175,204.19

2,911,104.33 1,306,308.15

727,776.08

12,125.00 2,171,203.25

130,630.82 ................ 1,175,677.33

~n~ Equipment ............... io Eqwpment ....................

1,161,943.84 185,157.81

196,084.91 42,684.35

1,358,028.75 227,842.16

135,802.88 22,784.22

..........2..1.5..0.0.

1,222,010.87 205,057.94

Shop Equipment ..................... MiscellaneousEquipment ..............

307,226.48 55,843.88

117,865.52 18,565.35

425,092.00 74,409.23

42,509.20 7,440.92

.............5..0.0.

382,577.80 66,968.31

Totals .......................... S 15,236,734.79 S 2,748,261.65 S 17,984,996.44 S 2,047,271.71 S 14,960.00 S 15,922,764.73

Thirty-Second Report, State Highway Department of Georgia

165

DETAIL OF EQUIPMENT ALLOTMENT ACTIVITIES

July 1, 1966 to June 30, 1967

Schedule No. 8-H

CHARGES

Allotment

For Year 1966-1967

Net Encumbrances

I Expenditures

Totals

-

Administration ........................ S 111,062.41 S

Preparation of Plans ...................

64,901. 83

Research and Analysis..................

179,168.50

Hi~hway Planning .....................

93,056.61

Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

71,752.36

Divisions ................... . . . . . . . . . . 3,022,180.89

21,881. 75 S 89,180.66 S 111,062.41

48,005.91

16,895.92

64,901. 83

15,864.55

163,303.95

179,168.50

49,043.95

44,012.66

93,056.61

28,257.77

43,494.59

71,752.36

630,807.02 2,391,373.87 3,022,180.89

Totals .......................... S 3,542,122.60 S 793,860.95 S 2,748,261.65 S 3,542,122.60

ANALYSIS OF EQUIPMENT PURCHASES July 1, 1966 to June 30, 1967
Schedule No.l~

Amount

Total

Land and Interest in Land: Land Purchased for Buildings .......................................... S Materials Pits ........................................................

41,125.20 65.75 S

41,190.95

Buildings and Improvements: Salaries: Superintendent, Foreman and Patrolman ........................ S Equipment Operators ......................................... Skilled Lahor, Shop and Sign Employees........................ Common Lahor .............................................. Subsistence, Meals and Lodging................................ Convict Labor ............................................... Payments to Contractors ............................................... Purchase of Building .................................................. Buildinz Cost Other than Payment to Contractor ......................... Remodeling of Buildings ...............................................
E~ipment, Machinery, Furniture and Fixtures: oad Machinery and Equipment ....................................... S
Trucks ............................................................... OfficeFurniture and Fixtures ...........................................
t~:"E~~P~~~r.~~~.t::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: :
Shop Equipment...................................................... Miscellaneous Equipment ..............................................
Totals ...........................................................

3,168.36 1,962.48 19,517.67 1,611.92
92.58 3,185.00 443,322.11 17,658.93
84,654.02 982.68

576,155.75

979,916.32 600,594.31 175,204.19
196,084.91 42,684.35 117,865.52 18,585.35

2,130,914.95

S 2,748,261.65

SUMMARY OF EXPENDITURES BY OBJECT CLASSIFICATION
July 1, 1966 to June 30, 1967
Schedule No. 10

OBJECT OF EXPENDITURES
Personal Services............................. Travel and Suhsistence...... , ................. Contractua IServices.......................... Commodities,Supplies and Materials ...........

General Operations
2,619,008.54 77,746.47 1,044,630.25 88,376.33

Maintenance and
Betterments
12,924,826.47 473,502.24 973,070.76 8,620,421.35

Planning and
Construction
.24,854,919.41 1,708,947.77 1,113,742.13 669,100.97

. Total
Net Expenditures

Deferred and Transferred
CharRes



40,398,754.42 2,260,196.48 3,131,443.14
9,377,898.65

.............. . ........ ...................... ................

Total Grocs Expenditures
40,398,754.42 2,260,196.48 3,131,443.14 9.377,898.65

Other General Expenses-Repairs by
Ca~i~~~~~~EQ~ip,;,~~i; B.;udi~g.- .........

...............

103,200.40

1,383.93

104,584.33 . ...............

104,584.33

. and Land..................................

. . Capital Outlay-Higbways and Bridges.........

. State Bridge Building Authority ................

State Office B~ Authority ................

. Georgia Rural

Authority ................

Georgia Highway Autbo~ ...................

Grants, Claims and Shar Revenue............

Other Expenditures...........................

Transfer of Blue Priut and Drafting Cbarges.....

Transfer of Test Charges......................

Transfer of Computer Charges................

Deferred Charges-Bign Shop..................

Shop Transfer ................................

. Transfer of General Field Engineering...........

Expenditures of 1961>-1966 Brought Forward.....

2,718,657.89 65.75
2,083,858.00 399,961.00
8,275,334.89 7,143,827.28
301,322.83
C;." ia4:636:21i
C;. 'aa;ali7:86 ................................................................

... ................................................1.....7......6.....5........0.. ..... "66:alio:74 ................................
Cr'."40a:li1i4: 68 Cr.....1.0..5.,9.2.9. ..8.3.
267,831.39

......... ...... ......1...4......0...,1...1......2...,5...9...8.......7...7... ................
....6;a71i: ili4:78
Cr. 1,888,471.01
..C..r.....1..,..4..7..0....,8..2....0...6....9
.C..;:..i;.a.2.7..;.2.7.4.:2..7

2,718,834.39 140,112,664.52
2,083,858.00 399,961.00
8,275,334.89 7,143,827.28
301,322.83 5,435,585.52 Cr. 2,023,107.30 Cr. 1,470,820.69 Cr. 33,397.86 Cr. 403,994.58 Cr. 105,929.83 Cr. 1,327,274.27
267,831.39

................ .. ........................................................................................
.... 2:02a;i07:aO
1,470,820.59 33,397.86 403,994.58 105,929.83
....1..,3.2..7.,2.7..4..2..7

2,718,834.39 140,112,664.52
2,083,858.00 399,961.00
8,275,334.89 7,143,827.28
301,322.83
............5...,...4...3...5.....,.5...8.....5.....5...2... ................................
.. .... 267;sai:31i

Tobls ................................... 24,584,755.08 .22,909,495.44 $169,153,321.79 .216,647,572.31 5,364,524.53 .222,012,096.84

-

Thirty-Second Report, State Highway Department of Georgia

167

STATE HIGHWAY DEPARTMENT FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Fiscal Year Ending June 30, 1968
Begin on Page 170

A slip-form 7JU vi ng operation , the most modern P or tl and cem ent pav ing t cclmiq uc, ill prog ress 011 a Georg ia Lnt ers ta tc H ighw ay project.

A nether v iew of the operat ion describ ed 0 1/ th e opposite patt c,

170

Thirty-Second Report, State Highway Department of Georgia

FUND BALANCE SHEET Reflecting the Fund Position as of June 30, 1968
Exhibit "A"

CURRENT ASSETS: Cash in BanksCash for Highway Operations Trust Fund Cash

ASSETS $ 90,331,279.60
827,292.84

$ 91,158,571.94

ReceivablesDue from U.S. Government Due from State Treasury Petty Cash
Due from Authorities for Matching Other Funds

$118,332,583.22 15,498.240.84 29,650.00
70,880.83

Total Current Assets

_

DEAFcEcRruRedEDLeCaHveARGES:

$ 598,164.05

Inventory, Materials and Supplies

281,855.95

Automotive Equipment Clearing

Cr. 172.889.26

- - - - - Undistributed Charges and Credits

415,584.79

Undistributed Charges-other

aCnodntCraocutnPtiaersticipation-Cities _

Total Proprietary Assets _ Less: Reserve for Doubtful Assets

138,981,354.89 $225.089,926.88
1,117,715.58
10,585,028.44 $286.742,670.80
1.147,865.58

$ 285.595,805.27

FUND ASSETS:

Estimated Funds Due from Federal Government

$ 5,508,861.01

Advance Appropriation-Due from

Federal Government

$ 42,020,115.89

Less: Allotted and Unrecorded______ 42,020,115.89

0.00

5,503,861.01

FIXBuEiDldiAnSgsSEaTnSd: Lands

_

Road Equipment

_

Other Equipment

_

Total Fixed Assets

_

ROADS AND BRIDGES (Exhibit "D") CoPsrtotgoreDsaste on Construction in _

CoCstontostDruactteioonn Completed

_

$ 8.538,401.41 6,448,916.82 8,688.470.98
$1.016,124,796.27 1,088,847,889.69

18,670.789.21

Total Roads and Bridges _

Total

_

2.108,972,684.86 $2,868,642.640.86

Thirty-Second Report, State Highway Department of Georgia

171

FUND BALANCE SHEET Reflecting the Fund Position as of June 30, 1968
Exhibit "A" Continued

LIABILITIES

CURRENT LIABILITIES:

Vouchers Payable--Contract

_

Vouchers Payable-Commercial _

Vouchers Payable-Other

_

Accounts Payable

_

Contractors' Retainage Payable _

Liability for Trust Funds

_

------

Total Proprietary Liabilities

ALLOTMENT OBLIGATIONS:

AlClootnmsetrnutscttioonComplete

_

Allotments for Right-of-Way

_

Allotments for Other Operations _

$143,467,797.44

5,037,085.74

122,695.49

Cr.

42.19

12,661,931.99

827,292.34

$ 50,940,891.85 Cr. 6,427,128.94
5,206,619.02

Total Allotment Obligations APPROPRIATION BALANCES UNGRroEsCsORDED COMMITMENTS- _

Less: Federal Cash Participation $ 9,373,554.00

Other Participation

Cr. 113,121.57

$ 16,605,530.45 9,260,432.43

OUTSTANDING REQUISITIONS _

UNAPPLIED FUNDS:

Other Cash Participation

_

UNAPPROPRIATED FUNDS FROM

FEDERAL GOVERNMENT

_

RESERVES OF FUND'S _ _

_

CAPITAL LIABILITIES AND

SURPLUS:

Refunding Certificate Due in 1940

SuErpqluuispmInevnetsted in Plant and

_

SuBrprlidugs eIsnvested in Roads and

_

$

100.00

18,570,789.21

2.103.972,584.86

ToStaulrpClaupsital Liabilities and _

Total

_

$162,116,760.81
49,720,381.93 14,923,906.89
7,345,098.02 1,056,475.16
126,781.23 5,503,861.01
305,901.23
2,122,543,474.07 $2,363,642,640.35

172

Thirty-Second Report, State Highway Department of Georgia

RECONCILIATION OF FUND SURPLUS June 30, 1968
Exhibit "B"

FUND REVENUE

Surplus Reserve at July I, 1967

_

DeAdcuccot:unWtsritRe-eoceffivoafblMe iscellaneous _

$ 25,739,741.69
s 13,317.83 25,726,423.86

FUND APPROPRIATIONS: General Operations Transfers

$ 7,998,161.00 1,259,826.59 $ 9,257,987.59

Authority Rental Payments Planning and Construction
Transfers

_ $ 23,611,336.94
1, 7 3 8 , 9 3 6 . 0 4

Matching Federal Aid

$ 27,871,570.00

TArdavnasnfceers Appropriation-1967-'68 COrr.. 4,173859,,760146..2696

19,900,000.00 25,350,272.98
22,946,249.05

MaTirnatnensfaenrcse and Betterments

$ 34,443053,,390904..0508

34,839,294.58

Transfers from Other Than

Appropriation Accounts

_

Cr. 2,613,140.55 109,680,663.65

Advance Appropriation-1968-1969 __

SpAeciiraploArtppCroonpsrtirauticotnionfor

_

$ 4,660,795.91 1,134,761.50

5,795,557.41

MIMSCisEceLlLlaAnNeoEuOs UISncFoUmNe DS:

_

Authority Income for Supervision _

Income from Civil Defense

_

City Grants Receivable

_

Reserve for Laboratory Building Sale

$

6,605.72

949,319.38

5,508.99

Cr.

2,043.15

200,000.00

1,159,390.94

FEDERAL CASH PARTICIPATION COONtShTerRUCCasThION PARTICIPATION: _

NORNai-lCroAaSdHs PARTICIPATION:

_

Cities and Counties

_

Available for Appropriations and Reserves

65,556,599.62

382,701.04

$

13,487.94

3,026,849.47

3,040,337.41

$211,341,673.93

Thirty-Second Report, State Highway Department of Georgia

173

RECONCILIATION OF FUND SURPLUS June 30, 1968
Exhibit "B" Continued

FUND APPROPRIATIONS

PLSAtNatNe IFNuGndANCDonCtrOacNtSs TRUCTION: $ 29,168,945.94

Federal Fund Contracts

_ 85,161,806.78

Unrecorded Commitments

_ 7,352,013.34

Total Contract Appropriations State Forces Unrecorded Commitments

$121,682,766.06 $ 4,727,259.15

1,958.52

4,729,217.67

Total Construction Appropriations Right-of-Way

Surveys __ _

$

Unrecorded Commitments

3,410,914.01 3,000.00

$126,411,983.73 7,476,149.32 3,413,914.01

Preparation of Plans

_

General Field Engineering

_

Research and Analysis

_

Highway Planning

_

554,233.78 5,597,411.81
771,365.79 2,028,215.53

MAINToTtEaNl PAlNanCnEi:ng and Construction. __

Unrecorded Commitments

_

$146,253,273.97 $ 20,575,202.82 Cr. 11,873.84 20,563,328.98

GEANdEmRinAiLstrOatPiEonRATIONS:

Compensation Claims

.

Equipment

Authorities State Bridge Building Authority Georgia Rural Roads Authority Georgia Highway Authority
GeGorRg-iGa SHighway Authority-

State Office Building Authority

Total General Operations APPROPRIATION BALANCES:
Add: Outstanding Requisitions
RESERVED FUND'S UNAPPLIED FUNDS:
Other Cash Participation.

_ _ _
$ 1,911,370.00 _ 8,347,836.25 _ 7,254,577.30 _ 1,361,125.00
-_ - -40-0,0-00-.00
_ _ _ _
_

4,057,532.17 186,179.21
3,446,021.01
19,274,908.55 $ 14,923,906.89
1,056,475.16

26,964,640.94 15,980,382.05
1,453,266.76 126,781.23

TotalanFdunRdesAeprvperos priations _

$211,341,673.93

174

Thirty-Second Report, State Highway Department 0/ Georgia

REVENUE RECEIPTS AND EXPENDITURES
July 1, 1967 to June 30, 1968
Exhibit "e"

REVENUE RECEIPTS

CASStaHt:e Treasury-Cash

$109,592,689.44

Due from State Treasury Miscellaneous Income

15,498,240.84 6,605.72

Authority Income for Supervision

Income from Civil Defense

Other Cash Participation

....

City Grants Receivable ...

Cr.

949,319.38 5,508.99
382,701.04 1.090.92

Reserve for Laboratory Building Sale

200,000.00

$126,633,974.49

FEDERAL CASH PARTICIPATION NORNai-lCroAaSdHs PARTICIPATION:
Counties and Cities

$

65,847.56

10,947,682.74

204,018,878.78 11,013,530.30

Total Revenue Receipts

_

$341.666,383.57

EXPENDITURES

COSNtaStTeRFUuCnTdIOCNon: tracts Federal Fund Contracts

$ 41,699,548.27 199.620.731.50

Total Con tracts

$2 41,3 20,2 79.77

State Forces__________________________________________ 5,294,983.46

Total Construction

_

Right-of- Way

_

Surveys

_

General Field Engineering

_

Preparation of Plans

_

Research and Analysis

_

Maintenance

_

Administration

_

Equipment Purchases

_

Compensation Claims

_

State Bridge Building Authority _

State Office Building Authority _

Georgia Rural Roads Authority _

Georgia Highway Authority

_

HGiegohrgwiaayHPiglahnwnaiyngAuthority-GR-GS_

Total Expenditures

_

$246,615,263.28
39.536,654.60 6,434,913.30 5,655,641.38 570,000.65 805,840.88
22,299,046.80
4.124.596.09 5,195,421.22
186.179.21 1,996,811.00
899,961.00 8,347,836.25 8,230.027.32 1,088,900.00
2,527.039.06

$354,014,181.49

Total Receipts Total Expenditures

RESUME _ _

Excess Receipts over

Expenditures

_

AdJdu:lyPr1o.pr1i9e6t7ary Surplus at _

Deduct: Write-off of Miscellaneous

Accounts Receivable

_

PrJoupnrieet3a0r,y 1S9u6r8plus at

_

$341.666.383.57 354.014,131.49
Cr. $ 12,347,747.92 $ 86.986,975.74
13.317.83 86,973,657.91
$ 74.625,909.99

SUMMARY OF CONSTRUCTION June 30, 1968

Exhibit 0 10 "

DESCRIPTION

Total Allotments

Expenditures

C08tto Complete

State Funds

FUND PARTICIPATION

Federa' Funds

Cn~:~O::..A.
Non-Cash Participation

Otber Cash Funds

Totals

: gc.rPr~:j~~~::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

$1,015,124,795.27 1,088,847,889.59

$ 970,611,032.36 1,088,847,889.59

.$....4.4..,5.1.3..,7.6.2...9.1.

$

300,085,170.90 669,692,310.61

$

695,146,348.58 361,570,617.25

$

10,663,011.60 $ 49,033,220.43

9,230,264.19 $1,015,124,795.27 8,551,741.30 1,088,847,889.59

Totals ................................... $2,103,972,684.86 $2,059,458,921. 95 $ 44,513,762.91

Total Allotments and Distributions ................ Deduct Construction Funds Expended.............

....................................

....................................

....................................

$

969,777,481.51 934,493,982.79

$1,056,716,965.83 1,056,716,965.83

$

59,696,232.03 $ 59,696,232.03

17,782,005.49 $2,103,972,684.86 8,651,741.30 2,059,458,921.95

Total Construction Funds Due: State Funds ..................................

..................

..................

..................

$

35,283,498.72

Federal Funds ................................ .................. .................. .................. .................. $................

Non-Cash Participation ........................ .................. .................. .................. .................. .................. $................

Otber Casb Participation....................... .................. .................. .................. .................. .................. .................. $ 9,230,264.19

Total Funds Due............................... .................. .................. .................. .................. .................. .................. .................. $

44,513.762.91

INVENTORY OF LANDS, BUILDINGS AND EQUIPMENT June 30, 1968

Schedule No. 7

DESCRIPTION

Ap?~':.~d
June 30, 1967

Additions Fiaeal Year 1967-1968

Totals

I Depreciation
FiaealYear 1967-1968

Appraised Value
June 30, 1968

Land and Interest in Land ............................. Borrow Pits .......................................... Build~ and Improvements ...........................

$

532,315.17 85,756.65

.$.. .. ..1.3..,0.0.9...3.1.

7,142,829.65

764,490.63

$

545,324.48 85,756.65 7,907,320.28

..$............................................

$

545,324.48 85,756.65 7,907,320.28

Road aehinery and Equipment ........................ 2,934,134.87 2,451,078.89 5,385,213.76 1,346,303.44 4,038,910.32

Trucks-All Sizes..................................... ,\irplanes ............................................

2,171,203.25 4,232.89

....1..,0.3..5.,4..7.2..0..8

3,206,675.33 4,232.89

801,668.83 1,058.22

2,405,006 50 , 3,174.67

OfficeFurniture and Fixtures........................... 1,175,677.33

457,160.99 1,632,838.32

163,283.83 1,46Q,554.49

~neerin~ Equipment ................................ 1,222,010.87

335,705.86 1,557,716.73

155,771.67 1,401,945.06

: ~:':~~~~~~~~i:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

205,057.94 382,577.80
66,968.31

35,460.93 75,306.02 27,736.51

240,518.87 457,883.82 94,704.82

24,051. 89 45,788.38 9,470.48

216,466.98 412,095.44 85,234.34

Totals ........................................... $ 15,922,764.73 $ 5,195,421.22 $ 21,118,185.95 $ 2,547,396.74 $ 18,570,789.21
-

Thirty-Second Report, State Highway Department of Georgia

177

DETAIL OF EQUIPMENT ALLOTMENT ACTIVITIES July 1, 1967 to June 30, 1968

Schedule No. 8-H

Allotments For Year 1967-1968

Net Encumbrances

CHARGES Expenditures

Totals

Administration ...................... S 230,648.90 S

5,416.40 S 225,232.50 S 230,648.90

Preparstion of Plans .................

119,535.81

51,591.84

67,943.97

119,535.81

Research and Analysis................

196,195.65 Cr. 30,386.49

226,582.14

196,195.65

Highway Planning ...................

44,638.95 Cr. 33,342.98

77,981. 93

44,638.95

Maintenance ........................

12,174.27 Cr. 107,527.71

119,701.98

12,174.27

Divisions........................... 2,842,827.43 Cr. 1,635,151.27 4,477,978.70 2,842,827.43

Tobls ........................ S 3,446,021.01 S Cr. 1, 749,400.21 S 5,195,421.22 S 3,446,021.01

ANALYSIS OF EQUIPMENT PURCHASES July 1, 1967 to June 30, 1968
Schedule No. 1~

Amount

Total

Land and Interest in Land: Land Purchased for Buildings.......................................... S

-

S 13,009.31

Buildings and Improvements: Salaries: SUP.!'rintendent, Foreman and Patrolman ............. " ......... Skilled Labor, Shop and Sign Employ...........................
Common Labor.............................................. Payments to Contractors............................................... Porchase of Building .................................................. Buildin~ost Other than Payment to Contractor ......................... Remod . g of Buildings...............................................

1,175.29 4,946.82 1,175.96 477,185.03
10,830.00 258,619.19
10,558.34

764,490.63

EC~~c~::~n:~'l:.ri~~:~t~~. ~~~~~~':": ............................ S 2,451,078.89

~~~lt:f~~\:'" ~ ~ \:. ~ ~ \: : ~ \:.:' ~: ~: ~: : ~:' ~ ~.:" Trucks.............................................................

1,035,472.08 457,160.99 335,705.86 35,460.93 75,306.02

27,736.51

4,417,921.28

Total ............................................................

S 5,195,421.22

SUMMARY OF EXPENDITURES BY OBJECT CLASSIFICATION
July 1, 1967 to June 30, 1968
Sohedule No. 10

OBJECT OF EXPENDITURES

General Operations

Maintenance and
Betterments

Planning and
Construction

Total
Net Expenditures

Deferred and Transferred
Charges

Tobl Gross Expenditures

Personal Services.................... " .......
Travel and Subsistence ........................ Contractual Services.......................... Commodities, Supplies and Materials ...........

2,560,870.94 69,663.11
1,214,913.60 124,191.15

14,113,945.06 428,803.55 960,849.82
11,523,797.69

26,296,832.34 1,774,924.31 1,193,562.45 806,567.79

.43,571,648.34 2,273,391.57 3,369,325.87 12,454,556.63

...............................................................

.43,511,648.34 2,273,391.57 3,369,325.87 12,454,556.63

Other General Expenses-Repairs by
Ca~r~f~a:Jl.:.Eq.rlp~~i: B~iicii~g.;

.........

................

90,618.99

419.53

and Land .................................. 5,188,123.15

14.40 ................

. Capital Outla~-Higbwaysand Bridges .........

State Bridge uilding Authority ................

State OfficeBu*=Autbority ................

Georgia Rural

Authority ................

.... i:996:8ii:iMi 399,961.00
8,347,836.25

....4.,.3.7.8..,9.3..8..2..0 ................ ........ .......

....2...6... .1.. ...,7...8....4....,.3...2....0......8...0...

Georgia Highway Authority ................... Grants, Claims and Shared Revenue ............

9,318,927.32 422,144.15

.......

'4:686:28

....... 26:268:32

91,038.52 ................

5,188,137.55 266,163,259.00
1,996,811.00 399,961.00
8,347,836.25 9,318,927.32
452,998.75

........ ........................................................
................................................

91,038.52
5,188,137.55 266,163,259.00
1,996,811.00 399,961.00
8,347,836.25 9,318,927.32
452,998.75

Other Expenditures...........................
Transfer of Blue Print and Draftiug Charges ..... Transfer of Test Charges ......................
Transfer of Computer Chargel ................ Deferred Charges-Sign Shop ................. Shop Transfers ...............................
. Transfer of General Field Engineeri'1. ........... . Expenditures of 1966-1967 Brought orward .....

220.19 Cr. 37,512.05
'.i.l.i.:".'.3.6..:.4.i.8.:.3.2.

..............8....2..,8..2....7...6..2.. C~: ..37i:638:23

2,890,789.52 Cr. 616,416.80
.C..r....9.7..1.,2.0..6..2.0. ................

................................................

.C. r....1.0.5..,7.4.5...1.2.
403,994.58

C~: ..862:779:02 ..... .........

2,973,837.33 Cr. 653,928.85 Cr. 971,206.20 Cr. 36,418.32 Cr. 371,638.23
Cr. 105,745.12

...... 663:928:86 971,206.20 36,418.32 371,638.23 105,745.12

........2..,..9..7..3..,..8..3..7.....3..3..

. . .

.............................................

Cr.

852,779.02 403,994.58

......8..5.2.,7..7.9..0..2

..

.... 403:994:58

Tobls .................................. 29,569,732.09 .32,110,992.84 $292,333,283.04 .354,014,007.97 2,991,715.74 .357,005,723.71

Th eodolite T -2 11Is t l'lIl1l ellt ill lis e by sllI'v ey party opera ting out. of th e A eria l Lab oratoru of t h e Divis ion of Surve n und A eriul M U1J pi II U.

~
o00

Members of the Original State Highway Commission
1916 -1919

Name of Member

Title

Term Began

Term Ended

T. E. Patterson________________ Chairman, Member of Prison Commission __

J. E. Davidson__________________ Member of Prison Commission______________________

E. L. Rainey_____________________ Member of Prison Commission______________________

S. w. McCallie _________________ State Geologist_______________________________________________

C. M. Strahan________________

Professor of University

CoifviGl eEonrggiinae___e__r_i_n___g__,______________________

R. D. Kneale _____________________ ProGfeesosrogriaoSf cHhoioglhwofayTeEcnhgnoinloegeyri_n___g__,______________

Aug. 16, 1916______________________ Aug. 16, 1916______________________ Aug. 16, 1916______________________ Aug. 16, 1916______________________
Aug. 16, 1916______________________
Aug. 16, 1916_____________________

Sept. 1, 1919______________________ Sept. 1, 1919______________________ Sept. 1, 1919_____________________0 Sept. 1, 1919______________________
Sept. 1, 1919______________________
Sept. 1, 1919_____________________0

Members of State Highway Board of Georgia
1919 -1943

Name of Member

Title

Appointed By

Term Began Term Ended

Remarks

C. M. Strahan_____________ Chairman________ Governor Dorsey______________ Sept. 1, 1919---_ Dec. 31, 192L_ Expiration of initial 2-year

term

Stanley S. Bennet_____ Member___________ Governor Dorsey______________ Sept. 1, 1919---_ Dec. 31, 192B..._ Expiration of initial 4-year

term

R. C. Neely_________________ Member___________ Governor Dorsey______________ Sept. 1, 1919 ___ Oct. 27, 1923 ____ Died in Office

John N. Holder___________ Chairman ______ Governor Hardwick_______ Jan. 1, 1922 ___ June 2, 1929---_ Succeeded C. M. Strahan

W. T. Anderson ________ Member___________ Governor Walker______________ Nov. 1, 1923 ___ July

1925 ___ Succeeded R. C. Neely

Stanley S. Bennet ______ Member___________ Governor Walker_____________ Jan. 1, 1924 __ Dec. 31, 1929____ Reappointed

John R. Phillips_________ Member___________ Governor Walker______________ Aug. 1925..._ Dec. 31, 193L_ Succeeded W. T. Anderson

Sam Tate_____________________ Chairman _______ Governor Hardman _________ June 4, 1929---_ April 1, 1930 ____ Succeeded John N. Holder

W. C. Vereen____________ Member___________ Governor Hardman __________ Jan. 1, 1930 ____ June 19, 1933_ Succeeded Stanley S. Bennet

J. W. Barnett_____________ Chairman________ Governor Hardman __________ April 1, 1930-.._ June 19, 1933 __ Succeeded Sam Tate

J. P. Wilhoit _______________ Member___________ Governor RusseIL____________ Jan. 1, 1932 ____ June 19, 1933 __ Succeeded John R. Phillips

J. P. Wilhoit _____________ Officer-in-Chg Gov. Eugene 'I'almadge. June 19, 1933 __ July 20, 1933 ____ Appointed Officer-in-Charge

J. J. Mangham ___________ Chairman_______ Gov. Eugene Talmadge__ July 20, 1933 ____ Nov.21, 1933 ____ Succeeded J. W. Barnett

W. E. Wilburn __________ Member___________ Gov. Eugene Talmadge__ July 20, 1933 ____ Nov.21, 1933 ____ Succeeded J. P. Wilhoit

Max L. McRae___________ Member___________ Gov. Eugene Talmadge. July 20, 1933_ Jan. 13, 1937 ____ Succeeded W. C. Vereen

W. E. Wilburn___________ Chairman_______ Gov. Eugene 'I'almadge. Nov. 21, 1933 ___ Jan. 25, 1937 Appointed Chairman John A. Heck____________ Member___________ Gov. Eugene Talmadge__ Nov. 21, 193B... Dec. 31, 193B..._ Succeeded J. J. Mangham John A. Heck ____________ Member _________ Gov. Eugene Talmadge. Jan. 1, 1934 ___ Mar. 1, 1931..._ Reappointed

Jim L. Gillis, Sr. ________ Member___________ Governor Rivers ______________ Jan. 25, 1931..._ Apr. 19, 1940_ Succeeded W. E. Wilburn

Herman H. Watson_ Member___________ Governor Rivers ______________ Mar. 3, 1937_ Dec. 2, 1939____ Succeeded John A. Heck W. L. 'MiIler ______________ Member___________ Governor Rivers ______________ Jan. 13, 1931... Jan. 14, 194L Succeeded Max L. McRae

W. L. Miller_______________ Chairman________ Governor Rivers ______________ Jan. 25, 1931..._ Jan. 14, 194L_ Appointed Chairman L. L. Patten _______________ Member___________ Governor Rivers ______________ Dec. 2, 1939____ Jan. 14, 194L_ Succeeded H. H. Watson

Herman H. Watson ___ Member___________ Governor Rivers ______________ Dec. 2, 1939---_ Jan. 14, 194L__ Succeeded Jim L. Gillis, Sr.

W. E. Wilburn___________ Chairman________ Gov. Eugene Talmadge__ Jan. 14, 194L__ Jan. 12, 1943 __ Succeeded W. L. Miller

S. E. Vandiver___________ Member__________ Gov. Eugene Talmadge__ Jan. 14, 194L_ Jan. 12, 1943 Succeeded H. H. Watson

T. G. Tyson ________________ Member___________ Gov. Eugene Talmadge__ Jan. 14, 194L_ Jan. 12, 1943 __ Succeeded L. L. Patten

I-'

00

I-'

Members of State Highway Commission
1943 -1950

Name of Member

Title

Congressional District

Appointed By

Term Began Term Ended Remarks

J. J. Bouhan______________ . L. Roy Robinson__________

Member______________ First____________________ Governor Member______________ Second________________ Governor

Arnall ______ April Arnall ______ April

Sims Garrett, Jr. ________ Vice-Chairman __ Third __________________ Governor Arnall _____ April

Judson J. Milam _______ Hugh Burgess _____________ Frank A. Dennis _______

Member______________ Member______________ Member______________

F o u r t h ________________ Fifth __________________ Sixth __________________

Governor Governor Governor

Arnall ______ April Arnall ______ April Arnall ______ April

Mrs. F. A. Dennis ________ Member______________ Sixth __________________ Governor Arnall ______ Jan.

Penn Selman _______________ Lonnie A. Pope____________

Member______________ Secretary___________

Seventh ______________ Eighth ________________

Governor Governor

Arnall ______ April Arnall ______ April

Steve C. Tate ______________ JW. yKcknoxKnGohxo_l_s__t_o__n_________________

Chairman ___________ Member______________ M e m b e r ______________

Ninth __________________ T e n t h __________________
State at Large ___

Governor Governor Governor

Arnall ______ April Arnall _____ April Arnall ______ April

21, 21,

1943____ Jan. 1943____ Jan.

18, 18,

1947 ____ 1947..-

21, 1943 __ Jan. 18, 1947..-

21, 1943 _ Jan. 18, 1947..-_

21, 1943 __ Jan. 18, 1947___

21, 1943 _ Dec. 31, 1944 ____ Died in Office

18, 1945 __ Jan. 18, 1947..-_ Succeeded

21, 1943 __ Jan. 18, 1947..- F. A. Dennis

21, 1943 __ Jan. 18, 1947..-_

21, 1943 ___ Jan. 18, 1947___

21, 1943 __ Jan. 18, 1947..-

21, 1943____ Jan. 18, 1947___

Maurice W. Tift __________ Willard H. Lariscy____ Leon Houston ______________ W. Gerue Dunn ____________

M e m b e r ______________ Member______________ M e m b e r ______________ M e m b e r ______________

FStiarstet _a__t___L___a__r_g__e__.__, Second _________________ Third _________________

Governor Arnall ______ April 21, Governor Thompson March 21, Governor Thompson March 21, Governor Thompson March 21,

1943 __ Jan. 1947..._ Nov. 1947____ Nov. 1947... Nov.

18, 18, 18, 18,

1947..1948 ___ 1948 ____ 1948 ____

JCu.dRso. nVJa.ugMhnil_a__m_________________ J. David Dyer______________ A. E. Young________________ George M. Bazemore__ Mose W. Gordon _________ Furman D. Smith, Sr. Maurice W. Tift________

Chairman ___________ Member______________ Member______________ Secretary___________ M e m b e r ______________
Vice-Chairman Member______________ Member______________

Fourth ________________ Fifth __________________ Sixth __________________ Seventh ______________ Eighth ________________ Ninth _________________ T e n t h __________________
State at Large___

Governor Thompson Governor Thompson
Governor Thompson Governor Thompson Governor Thompson Governor Thompson Governor Thompson Governor Thompson

March 21, March 21, March 21, March 21,
March 21, March 21, March 21, March 21,

1947 ____ 1947 ____
1947____ 1947 ____ 1947 ____
1947..-_ 1947 ____ 1947____

Nov. Nov. Nov. Nov. Nov. Nov. Nov. Nov.

18, 18,
18, 18,
18, 18, 18, 18,

1948 ___ 1948 ___ 1948 ____ 1948 ____
1948 ____ 1948____ 1948 ____ 1948 ____

L. Roy Robinson _________ Member______________ State at Large___ Governor Thompson March 21, 1947..._ Nov. 18, 1948 ___

Members of State Highway Commission (Continued)
1943 -1950

Name of Member

Title

Congressional District

Appointed By

Term Began Term Ended Remarks

J. E. Parker__________ Member______________ First.___________________ Gov. H. E. Talmadge______ Nov. 18, 1948 __ Feb. 2, 1950 _____

DWi.xoFnraOnkxfoTryds__o___n_____

Member_______________ Chairman___________

Second .________________ Third __________________

Gov. Gov.

H. H.

E. E.

Talmadge ._____ Nov. Talmadge______ Nov.

18, 1948 ____ Feb. 2, 1950 ____ 18, 1948_ Feb. 2, 1950 ____

Tom Steele _____________ Member______________. Fourth _______________

Henry McCalla______ Member_______________ Fifth __________________

CM.aLrv. inMoEs.s ._M___o__a__t_e_____.

Member_______________ Vice-Chairman.

Sixth __________________ S e v e n t h _______________

Gov. Gov. Gov. Gov.

H. H.
H. H.

E. E.
E. E.

Talmadge______ Nov. Talmadge______ Nov. Talmadge______ Nov. Talmadge______ Nov.

18, 1948.___ Feb. 2, 1950 ____ 18, 1948.___ Feb. 2, 1950 ___ 18, 1948____ Feb. 2, 1950 ____ 18, 1948____ Feb. 2, 1950 ____

John B. Walker____ Member_______________ Eighth ________________ Gov. H. E. Talmadge______ Nov. 18, 1948 ____ Feb. 2, 1950 ____

John E. Quillian____ J. J. McLanahan____ A. W. Smith ___________

Member_______________ Secretary____________ Member_______________

Ninth __________________ T e n t h __________________ State at Large___

Gov.
Gov. Gov.

H. H. H.

E. E. E.

Talmadge______ Nov. Talmadge______ Nov. Talmadge______ Dec.

18, 1948____ Feb. 2, 1950 _____ 18, 1948 ___ Feb. 2, 1950 _____
2, 1948 ____ Feb. 2, 1950 _____

Frank G. Binford__ Member_______________ State at Large___ Gov. H. E. Talmadge______ March 28, 1949____ Feb. 2, 1950 _____

State Highway Directors
1943 - 1950

Name

Title

Appointed By

Term Began

Term Ended

Ryburn Ryburn

G. G.

Clay__________________ Clay__________________

Executive Officer-in-Charge ___ Governor Director______________________________________ Governor

Arnall ______________________ Jan. Arnall ______________________ April

12, 1943 ______ April 21, 1943... ___ Oct.

21, 1943 ______ 5, 1945 _____

George T. McDonald_________ JWoh. nR.C.NBeeela_s__l_e__y______________________________________

Engineer-Director____________________ Director______________________________________ Director______________________________________

Governor Governor Governor

A r n a l l ______________________ T h o m p s o n ________________

Oct. Jan.

5, 1945 _____ 18, 1947 ______

Thompson________________ March 20, 1947 _____

Jan. 18, 1947 ______ March 20, 1947.. ____ June 4, 1948 ______

W.R. NeeL__________________________ Engineer-Director____________________ Governor Thompson________________ June 4, 1948 ______ Sept. 13, 1948... ___

John Jim

LC. .GBileliass,leSyr_._________________________________

Director______________________________________ Director ______________________________________

Governor Thompson_______________ Gov. Herman E. Talmadge____

Sept. Nov.

13, 1948 ______ Nov. 17, 1948 ___ Feb.

17, 1948 ______ 2, 1950 ______

Members of State Highway Board of Georgia
1950 -1963

Name of Member

Highway District

Term Began

Term Ended

Remarks

JJDoiimhxnonL.EO.GxiQlflouisri,dll_Si__a_r_n._._______________________________________________

Northern ________________________.

Central. Southern.

__-_-_-___._-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-

Feb.
Feb. Feb.

2, 1950______ Feb. 8, 1952______ Reelected for 6-year term. 2, 1950______ Feb. 8, 1954._____ Reelected for 6-year term. 2, 1950 _____ Jan. 15, 1955...___ Elected Chairman 1950, 1952, 1954. Re-

signed and succeeded by W.A. Blas-

ingame,

John E. Quillian__________________ Dixon Oxford______________________

N o r t h e r n ________________________ . C e n t r a l ___________________________

Feb. Feb.

9, 1952 _____. Feb. 8, 1958 ____ Reelected for 6-year term. 9, 1954._____ July 15, 1955..._ Resigned and succeeded by Roger H.

Lawson. W. A. Blasingame______________ Southern._______________________ Jan. 19, 1955_____ Feb. 8, 1956______ Elected Chairman Jan. 19, 1955. Re-

elected for 6-year term. Roger H. Lawson________________ Central.__________________________ July 16, 1955_____ July 1, 1951...___ Elected Chairman July 16, 1956. Re-

signed and succeeded as member by

George L. Mathews. W. A. Blasingame______________ Southern________________________ Feb. 9, 195L___ July 15, 1956______ Elected Chairman Feb. 9, 1956. Re-

signed and succeeded as member by

Roy F. Chalker. Roy F. Chalker____________________ Southern ._______________________ July 16, 195L__ Jan. 13, 1959---___ Elected Chairman July 8, 1957. Re-

signed and succeeded by Jim L. Gillis,

Sr. George L. Mathews___________ Central___________________________ July 8, 1951... ___ Mar. 31, 1959______ Resigned and succeeded by Robert H.

John E. Quillian________________ Northern ________________________ Feb.

Jordan. 9, 1958... ___ Mar. 31, 1959_____ Resigned and succeeded by Willis N.

Jim L. Gillis, Sr.._________________ Southern_________________________ Jan. 14, 1959______ Feb.

Harden. 8, 1962_____ Elected Chairman Jan. 14, 1959 and

1961. Reelected for 6-year term.

Robert H. J ordan_______________. Central ___________________________. April Robert H. Jordan _______________. CentraL________________________ Feb.

1, 1959---__. Feb. 9, 1960_____. Oct.

8, 1960 _____ Reelected for 6-year term. 31, 1960______ Resigned and succeeded by Clarke W.

Willis N. Harden ._______________ Clarke W. Duncan _____________

N o r t h e r n _________________________ C e n t r a l ___________________________

April Nov.

Jim L. Gillis, Sr.__________________ Southern_________________________ Feb.

1,

1959______ April

16,

1963 _____

Duncan. Appointed to

new

10-member

Board.

1, 9,

1960.____. April 1962...__ April

16, 16,

1963 ____ 1963_____

Appointed to new 10-member Board. Appointed Director April 16, 1963.

Name
w. R. NeeL
B. P. McWhorter M. E. Cox H. E. Newton E. Jack Smith E. A. Stanley W. B. Brantley W. R. NeeL M. L. Shadburn George T. McDonald W. R. NeeL M. L. Shadburn H. H. Huckeba

State Highway Engineers
1918 - 1968

Term Began
Jan. 1, 1918. March 1, 1930 June 20, 1933. Sept. 28, 1934. Feb. 1, 1937.July 14, 1937 Oct. 16, 1938 April 1, 1940 May 24, 194L April 21, 1943 March 20, 1947 Nov. 17, 1948. Jan. 1, 1968
I

Term Ended

Remarks

March 1, 1930

_

June 20,1933

_

Sept. 28, 1934.

_

Feb. 1, 1937

_

July 14, 1937

_

Oct. 16, 1938

_

April 1, 1940

_

May 24, 194L

_

April 21, 1943

_

Jan. 18, 1947

Engineer-Director 10-5-1945 to 1-18-1947

Nov. 17, 1948

Engineer-Director 6-4-1948 to 9-13-1948

Dec. 31, 1967

_

Still in office June 30, 1968__