Twenty-eighth report of the State Highway Department of Georgia to the Governor and General Assembly of the State of Georgia for the fiscal years ending June 30, 1959, and June 30, 1960

Twenty-Eighth Report
OF THE
State Highway Department
OF GEORGIA TO THE
Governor and General Assembly of the State of Georgia
FOR THE FISCAL YEARS ENDING JUNE 30, 1959, AND JUNE 30, 1960

1
11wenty-Eighth Report
OF THE
State Highway Department
OF GEORGIA TO THE
Governor and General Assenlbly of the State of Georgia
FOR THE FISCAL YEARS ENDING JUNE 30, 1959, AND JUNE 30, 1960

.. '
Shown under consflruction is one of two nmu l>ridyes over the Ocmulgee River, on the relocation of U. S. Ronte 941, in Hawkinsville, which replaced the nanow, S -cnrced, old l>1idge built in 1921. P1ojec t F-002-2 (8), Pulaski County.

1

Twenty-Eighth Report, State Highway Department of Geor(lia

1

Letter of Transmittal
Atlanta, Georgia October 25, 1960
Honorable S. Ernest YandiYer, Go\'ernor and
~!embers of the General Assembly State of Georgia Atlanta, Georgia
Gentlemen: It is our pleasure to submit for your consideration the twenty-
eighth report of the State Highway Department of Georgia, CO\'ering; the actiYities of the Department for the fiscal years ending June 30, 19.59, and June 30, 1960.
The report contains information on the organization, functions, operations, and accomplishments of the State Highway Department, and also includes a complete statement prepared by the Secretary and Treasurer of the Department covering all revenues and expenditures during the biennium.
Respectfully submitted, STATE HIGHWAY BOARD OF GEORGIA
JB:I L. GILLIS, SR., Chairman ROBERT H. JORDAK, Jiember WILLIS N. HARDEN, _;vfember

2

Tuentu-Eiuhth Heport, .State Hi(!hwau Department of Georuia

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Letter of TransmittaL Organization Personnel . History of the 01ganization of the Highway Department. Members of State Highway Commission, 1916- 1919... Members of State Highway Board, 1919- 1943... Members of State Highway Commission, 1943- 1950... State Highway Directors, 1943- 1950... Members of State Highway Board, 1950- 1960... State Highway Engineers, 1918- 1960 State Highway Board . Office of State Highway Engineer... U. S. Bureau of Public Roads. Tloe Federal-Aid Highway Program.. High,:ay Systems . Measurement and Record of Public Roads ... Georgia Rural Roads Authority... State Bridge Building Autho1ity State Toll Bridge Authority.. Legal Division . Division of Public Relations Personnel Division Division of Surveys and Aerial Mapping... Division of Road Design .. Division of Bridges .. Division of Urban Projects... Division of Contracts and Estimates... Division of Right-of-Way. Division of Construction . Division of Materials and Tests... Post Roads Division . Division of Maintenance... Field Divisions Division of Highway Planning... Division of Finance and Audits...

Page No.
1
11 14 15 16 18 19 21 23
33 45 6,r): 73 77 79 81 85 89 97 101 105 109 113 127 133 139 144 147 161 165 175

1

Tuenty-Ei(fhlh Heporl, Stale H1"yhuay Department of Georyia
TABLES AND CHARTS

Page
:"{o.

Organization Chart

6

l\Iap of the Congressional Districts

8

l\Iap of the Highway Districts

9

::Wileage of State Highway System, by Type of Surface, 19i58- 1960

24

Road-User Revenue and Appropriations for Road Purposes, 1937- 1959 31

Apportionment of Federal-Aid Highway Funds to Georgia, 1917- 1961 42

Map of National System of Interstate and Defense

Highways in Georgia...

44

Mileage of Highways, by Systems ..

54

Mileage of Highways, by Type of Surface...

55

1\Iileage of State Highway System, 1920- 1960

57

Mileage of State Highway System and County Roads, by Counties...

58

Motor Fuel Used for Highway Purposes, 1925- 1959...

G7

Motor-Vehicle Registrations, uno -1959...

69

Summary of Contracts Awarded, 1959- 1960...

116

Contracts Awarded, by Type of Constl'Uction, 1959 .

117

Contracts Awarded, by Type of Construction, 1960...

123

Map of the Five Field Divisions

160

Traffic Flow Map, 1959...

164

Cost of Construction of Roads and Bridges, 1916- 1960

174

Financial Statements for Fiscal Year Ending June 30, 1959...

180

Financial Statements for Fiscal Year Ending June 30, 1960..

198

4

Twenty-Eighth Report, State H1:ghway Deparlmmt of Georuia

State Highway Board
JDI L. GILLIS, SH., Chairman Southern Highway Distriet
(h;t, 2nd and 8th Congressional Distritts)
HOBERT H. JOHDAN, .illember Central Highway District
(:3nl, 4th, 6th and lOth Congressional Districts, execpt Elbert, Franklin, Hart and Madison Counties.)
WILLIS X. HAHDEX, .vlember Northern Highway District
(5th, 7th and 9th Congressional Districts, and Elhert, Franklin, Hart and Madison Counties.)
State Highway Engineer
J.\1. L. SHADB(THK
Secretary and Treasurer
BENTOK ODOl\I

Twenty-Eirthth Beport, State Hiuhwa!l Depnrtment of Georyia

,')

STATE HIGHWAY DEPARTMENT

Organization Personnel June 30, 1960

JIM L. GILLIS, SH., Chairman, State Highway Board ROBERT H. JORDAN, Member, State Ilighway Board WILLIS N. HARDEN, ;Vfember, State Highway Board CARTER GOODE, Assistant Attorney General W. PAUL :viiLLER, Assistant Attorney General E. J. SUMMEROUR, Assistant Attorney General DONALD E. PAYTON, Deputy Assistant Attorney General WILLIA:.VI l\I. :VIALLET, Deputy Assistant Attorney General M. L. SHADBURN, State IIighway Engineer Y. W. S:VIITH, SR., Assistant State IIighway Engineer-
Administrative J. A. KENNEDY, Assistant State Highway Engineer -General F. P. KING, Assistant State Highway Engineer--Federal W. F. ABERCROMBIE, State IIighway Materials Engineer S. P. ALLISON, State Highway Urban Engineer J. 0. BACON, State Highway Maintenance Engineer SAM CALDWELL, Director of Public Relations C. A. CURTIS, State IIighway Right-of-Way Engineer ROY A. FLYNT, State Highway Planning Engineer C. W. LEFTWICH, State Highway Construction Engineer JOHN C. LI,~WIS, Personnel Administrator and Compensation
Claims Executive C. A. :VIAK\fELSTEIN, State IIighway Bridge Engineer LONNIE A. POPE, Executive Assistant to State Highway Board T. D. SPENCE, State IIighway Office Engineer L. W. YERNER, State Highway Location Engineer JOHN :VI. WILKERSON, JR., State Road Design Engineer

FIELD DIVISION ENGINEERS
JOHN N. RICHARDSON, Division No. 1, Gainesville MARION PATRICK, Division No.2, Tennille JOHN W. WADE, Division No.3, Thomaston EARL OLSON, Division No.4, Tifton C. S. FAIN, Division No.5, Jesup

6

'l'wenty-Eighlh R epo1't, Stale H ighway D epartment of GeOI'(Iia

T op, pie1's [O?' the Flint R iv m cTossing. Bottom, e?'ection of 7J?'ecast, ]J?'est?essed conc1ete gi?"C!eTs fo1' the inte?change. /J?idg es ca?'?'ying th e llain/J?'idge bypass ove?'
U.S . R onte 84 . P?o.iect U-00'7-1 (5), Ct. -, J) ecatm County.

State Highway Department of Georgia Organization Chart
1960

01\IISION OF SURVEYS AND AERIAL MAPPING
STATE HIGHWAY LOCATION ENGINEER

~
HIGHWAY LOCATION ENGINEER

PLANNING HIGHWAY PLANNING ENGA SST HWY PLANNING ENGRS.
HIGHWAY ENGINEERS
ROAD l.IF STUDY SST. HWY. Pi..ANNING ENG. ROAD LIFE ANALYSTS
~~ SST HWY. PLANNING ENG. IWY MAPPING ENGINEERS WY NAPPING ASSISTANTS

TRAFFIC S.S.FETY
ENGINEERING
ASST HWY PLANNING ENG HIGHWAY ENGINEER
TRAFFIC INVESTIGATORS

PHOTOGRAMMETRY
PHOTOGRAJIIIMETRIC ENGIN~ER

TRAFFIC SUA\IEY ASST HWY_ PLANNING ENG. FIELD TRAFFIC NGHfEEA
TRAFFIC R[CORO[AS

AIRPLANE PtLDT AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHER

~ FISCAL ANALYST
SENIOR ACCOUNTANT

R[$10ENT HIGHWAY ENGINEER TOPOGRAPHIC ENGINEERS ENGINEERING AlOES

CHIEF :ARTOGRAPHIC DRAFTSMAN
SENIOR CARTOGRAPHIC DRAFTSMAN
ORAFTSNEN

RESEARCH AND STATISTICS ASST HWY PLANNING ENG TABULATING EXECUTIVE A
RESEARCH STATISTICIAN TABULATING EQUIPMENT
OPERATORS

OFFICE MANAGER ACCOUNTANT CLERICAL

OtVISlON QF ROAD DESIGN STATE ROAD DESIGN ENGINEER

------------,--~----

BLUEPRINT- PHOTOSTAT SUPERVISOR

PLAN FILES AND PROJECT NUMBERS
ROAD DESIGNER

DRAWN I!IY DIVISION OF HIGHW,U PLANNIHG

STATE HIGHWAY DEPARTMENT OF GEORGIA ORGANIZATION CHART
JULY I, 1960 PEOPLE
GOVERNOR

STATE SUPERVISOR OF PURCHASES
EXECUTIVE A5SISTANT TO STATE HIGHWAY BOAI'IO

STATE HIGHWAY ENGINEER

ASSISTANT STAlE HfGHWAY (NGINEEilt- ADNI"'ISTI'IATI\1[ ASSISTANT STATE HIGHWAY ENGINEER- GENER..l

STATE PEASONNH. BOARD MERIT SYSTEM OF PERSONNEL
AOMINISTAATION
----------,
SECRETARY 8 TREASURER

LOCATI?N_~R'!~ ASST FIELD DIVISION ENGI~EER
SENIOR RESIDENT HWY ENGUtEERS RESIDENT HIGHWAY ENGINEERS
SENIOR HWY PROJECT ENGINEERS HIGHWAY PROJECT ENGINEERS SENIOR ENGINEERING AIDES ENGINEERING AlOES

Ql'o'ISION OF CONTRACTS ESTIMATES

HIGHWAY ENGINEER

INFORMATIONAL ASSISTANT

CONTRACTS 8 PROPOSALS
HWY OFFICE ENGINHR II'RIN CO,..TRACT ENGR SR CONTRACT ENGR
CONTRACT ENGR

ESTIMATES 8 VOUCHERS
HWY. OFFICE ENGINEER PRIN, ENG AUDITOR SR ENG AUDITOR ENG AUDITOR

PAYROLLS ACCOUNTS EXECUTIVE
AUDITORS
MACHIN OPERATORS
PURCHASE ORDERS ACCOUNTS EXECUTIVE INVOICE CONTROL CLERKS

~~ ACCOUNTS EXECUTIVE
BOOKKEEPERS
ACCOUNTS EXECUTIVE AUDITORS

ASSISTANT COMPENSATION CLAIMS EXECUTIVE

SENIOR PERSONNEl.. ASSISTANT CLERICAL

MAll CLERKS TELEPHONE OPERATORS

~WE fiELD DI'JISIONS FIELD OlVIStON ENGlNEEA

CONS T AUCTION

OFFICE ASST FIELD OlVISION ENGINEER
ENGINE[IitiHG AUDITORS ACCOIJHTANTS CLERICAL
SECONDARY ROAD PLANS ROAD DESIGNER DRAFTSMEN

UTILITIES LIAISON HIGHWAY AGENT

HIGHWAY RECORDS SUPERVISOR

~ ASST FIELD DIVISION ENGINEER
R[SIOENT HIGHWA't' ENGINEERS ENG ADMINISTRATIVE AIDES RIGHTOFWAY AGENTS ORAfTSNEN

~~ ENGINEERS MACHINE OPERATORS

~NEACCO\JNTS CHIEF" OF CENTER
~ AUDITORS CLERKS

MACHINE OF-ERATOAS CLERI<S

ROAD DESIGNERS DRA(TSM[N

ENGINEERS

lltOADSIDE PI\RJC:S

SUP[IUNT[NO[NT OF EOUIPMEfrllf

SUP( It INTEND NT OF WAREHOUSE

SUPERINTENDENT OF SIGNS
SUPERINTENDENT OF TIRES AND 8ATTEAI[$

SUPERINTENDENT CF CENTER LIN[ AND
8RIDCE PAINTING
DIRECTOR OF TltUCtl. WEIGHINS

HIGifWAY RADIO SUPERVISOR

SPECIAL MAIHTENAHC[ OUTfiTS

HIGHWAY liiAINT(HAHC ASSISTAHTS
PATROl, MEN S1GI'f FOREitiEH EQUIPMENT DP(RATOitS
LA SORE ItS

DIVISION SHOPS

'J'wenly-Eighlh R eport, tal H ighway Deparlm enl of Georgia

7

In Bu ena V ista, the old, timh eT hridge, car-rying State Route 1,1 over the CentnLl
of Geor.gict Rai lway, w as replac ed by ctn all-concrete stnwtme. F ederal-aid econclary Project G-0.5.'12 (6) , Mctrion County.

8

Twenty-Eighth Hrport, Slate Hiuhway Department of Georgia

7 .....

GI~ORGlA
COUNTIES AND CONGRESSIONAL OISTRICT!i

8'
FIRST CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT:-Bryan, Bulloeh, Burke, Candler, Chatham, Effingham . .Emanuel, Evans, .Jenkins, LibPrty, Long, :\Iclntm;h, ~IontgnmPry, Srreven, Tattnall, Toomhs, TrPutlPn, \YhcclC'r.
SECOND CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT:-Baker, Brooks, Calhoun, Colquitt, DPcatur, Douglwrty, Early, Grady, ::\IillPr, :\Iitehell, Seminole, Thomas, Tift, \Yorth.
THIRD CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT:-Ben Hill, Chattahoochee, Clav, Crisp. Doclg<'. Dool), Harris, Hom;ton, LPC', ::\lacon. l\Iarion, l\lwwogPe, Peach, Pulaski. Quitman, Han<hlph, ~rhlf'y, ~tf'W art, :-;umtPr, Taylor, Terrell, Turner, \\'pb~ter, \Vileox.
FOURTH CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT:-Butts, Carroll, Cl:wton, CowPta. Fay!'!te, limn!, Ilenr:v. Lamar, l\!PriwethPr, )Jewton, Pike, Spalding, Talbot, Troup, l~pson.
'IFTH CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT:-DeKalb, Fulton, Hcwkclale. SIXTH CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT:-Baldwin, Bibb, Rleckley, Crawford. Glascrwk. llancoek, Jm;pPr, .fpffprson, .Johnson, .Jonf'H, LaurPnH. l\Ionroe, Putnam, Twigg8, \Vashington, \\"ilkin:-:on SEVENTH CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT:-Bartow, Catoosa. Chattooga, Cobb, llaclP. Doug: ]at'l, Floyd, Gordon. Haralson, ::\Iurray, Paulding. Polk, \Valker, \VhitfiC'ld. EIGHTH CONGUESSIONAL DISTRICT:-Appling..~tkin~on, Bacon. Berrien. BrantlPy. Camden, Charlton. Clinch, CoffeP, Cook, Eehols, G-lynn, Irwin, .Jeff Davis, Lanier. L(Jwn<lPs, PiPrre, TPlfair, \YarP, \Vaync. NINTH CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT:-Banks. Barrow. Cherokee. Dawson. Fannin, Forsyth, Gilnwr, Gwinnett, Habersham, Hall, .Jackson. Lumpkin. PickenH, Habun, ~tfplwn~. Town~. l"nion, "'bite. TENTH CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT:-Ciarke, Columbia. Ellwrt. Franklin, Green<. Hart, Lincoln. l\Iadison, .:\I(DuffiP. :\!organ, OronPP, OglPthorp<'. Hichmnnd. Taliafprro, \Valton. \\"arren. \Yilkes.

Tweniy-Et"yhlh Report, Stale Hiyhway Department of Georyia

!l

STATE HIGHWAY DEPARTMENT
OF
GEORGIA
HIGHWAY DISTRICTS

CENTR~I HlGHWAY~ DISTRicT\

SOUTHERN HIGHWAY DISTRICT First, Second and Eighth Congressional DiHtriets
CENTRAL HIGHWAY DISTRICT Third, Fourth, ~ixth and Tenth CongrPssional Di~tri<ob.
Pxecpt Elbert. Franklin, Hart and ::\Iadison Counties
NORTHERN HIGHWAY DISTRICT Fifth, Seventh and Ninth Congressional Districts, and
Elbert, Franklin, Hart and Madison Counties

Section of l nte1state R oute 75 at the T mne1-Tift County line. P1oject l -75-1 (11) 73 .

Tuerdy-Eighth Report, Stale Hiyhway Department of Georyia

11

History of the Organization of
the Highway Department
The State Highway Department of Georgia wa::; ereated by Act of the General Assembly, August 16, 1916, and a Highway Commis:-;ion was appointed. This Commission was composed of three mem hers of the Prison Commission, together with the State Geologist, the Dean of the College of CiYil Engineering of the University of Georgia, and the Professor of Highway Engineering at the Georgia School of Technology. This Commission sened until the reorganization of the Highway Department by Aet of the General AssPmbly, approved August 18, 1919.
State Highway Board Created in 1919
The Aet of 1919 provided that the State Highway Department of Georgia, reorganized and reconstructed, should be managed and controlled by the State Highway Board, which should consist of thrPe members appointee! by the Govemor, one from eaeh of the three divisions of the State. The boundaries of each division were set out. The term of offiee of initial appointees was to be two, four and six years, respectively, after which each new member was to serve six years. The members received compensation on a daily basis whilC' engaged in the performance of their duties.
New Ilighway Board Created in 1937
By an Act of the General Assembly approved .:\larch 3, 1937, the State Highway Board was abolished and the terms and tenure of offiee of the members were terminated. Another Act was passed and approved on the same day, creating a new State Highway Board to eonsist of three members to be appointed by the Govemor and eonfirmed by the Senate. The members were to be selected from different sections of the State and the first three appointments were for terms of two, four and six years, respectively, after which the terms were to be for six years. From the beginning, the Chairman was a full-time officer, and an Act of the General Assembly, approved February 16, 1938, provided that the other two members should also devote their full time to the performance of the duties of their office.

,-------

12

Twenty-Eighth Report, State Highway Department of Georgia

Another Highway Board Created in 1941
The Act of March 3, 1937, was repealed and the terms of office of the members of the State Highway Board were terminated by an Act of the General Assembly approved January 30, 1941. The latter Act provided that the State Highway Department should be managed and controlled by a State Highway Board composed of a Chairman and two members, to be appointed by the Governor from different sections of the State. The members were to f'erve during the term of the Governor by whom they were appointed. The Chairman was a full-time officer and the Act provided that the other two members should receive compensation on a daily basis while engaged in the performance of their duties.

Reorganization of 1943
The General Assembly of 1943 passed an Act, approved March 17, 1943, repealing the Act of January 30, 1941, and abolishin12: the State Highway Board. The 1943 Act provided that the State Highway Department should be managed and controlled by a State Highway Director, and created a State Highway Commission as an advisory body with whom the State Highway Director should from time to time consult regarding the administration of the affairs of the State Highway Department. The Act also created the office of Treasurer of the State Highway Department. All of these officers were appointed by the Governor and confirmed by the Senate. The State Highway Director and Treasurer of the State Highway J)('partment were full-time officers and served at the pleasure of the Covernor. The part-time State Highway Commissioners were appointed for a term of four years, to be concurrent with the term of the Governor. One Commissioner was appointed from each of the ten Congressional Districts and two from the State at large. One member of the State Highway Commission was designated by the Governor to be Chairman, one member was designated as \'ice-Chairman and another as Secretary.

Present Organization
The Act of }1arch 17, 1943, was repealed by an Act of the General Assembly, approved February 2, 1950 (Act No. 536, Senate Bill ~o. 34, Georgia Laws 1950, pp. 62-72) and a further reorganization of the State Highway Department was effected. The 1950 Act abolished the State Highway Commission and the position of State Highway Director, and created a State Highway Board, composed of three

Twenty-Eighth Report, State Highway Department of Georgia

13

members, who are full-time officers. The first three members were elected by the General Assembly; one from the Southern Highway District, composed of the First, Second and Eighth Congressional Districts; one from the Central Highway District, composed of the Third, Fourth, Sixth and Tenth Congressional Districts; and one from the Northern Highway District, composed of the Fifth, Seventh and Ninth Congressional Districts. By an Act approved March 25, l!J.'i8, (Act No. 421, House Bill No. 418, Georgia Laws 1958, pp. 624-627) the counties of Elbert, Franklin, Hart and Madison, in the Tmth Congressional District, were removed from the Central Highway District and placed in the Northern Highway District.
The 19.50 Act as amended by an Act approved February .5, 19;il (Act No. 56, Senate Bill No. 1, Georgia Laws 1951, pp. 31-41) provides that future members shall be elected by a majority vote of a caucus composed of all members of the General Assembly. Y:Jcaneies occurring when the General Assembly is not in session shall lw filled by the Governor until the next meeting of the General Assembly, by appointment of a resident of the same Highway District to serve until the meeting of and election by members of the General Assembly at its next session, in the same manner as members are elected for a regular term, to fill the unexpired term.
The first member from the Southern Highway District was elected for a term of six years; the first member from the Central Highway District was elected for a term of four years; and the first memlwr from the Northern Highway District was elected for a term of two years. Thereafter, the terms of the members will be six years, each elating from the expiration of the first terms, or from a subsequent six-year tern1. There shall always be one member from each of the three Highway Districts. Biennially, one of the members is elccted as Chairman by a majority vote of the Board members present.
The 1950 Act provides that the Treasurer of the State Highway Department shall be appointed by a majority of the State Highway Board to~serve at the pleasure of thc Board.

Appointments
The members of the original State Highway Commission, the appointments to the State Highway Board under the Acts of 1919, 1937 and 1941, the State Highway Directors and State Highway Commissions appointed under the Act of 1943, and the members elected to the State Highway Board under the Act of 1950 are shown in the tabulations on the following pages.

Members of the Original State Highway Commission
l\ll6- 1919

N arne of Member

Title

T. E. Patterson ... J. E. Davidson. E. L. Rainey ... S. \V. McCallie'. C. M. Strahan.
R. D. Kneale.

. ' Chairman, 1\Iemlwr of Prison Commission.
.I Member of Prison Commission.
:\Iember of Prison Commission
State Geologist .......... .
. I Professor of Civil Engirwering, University of Georgia ....... .
Professor of Civil Engineering, Georgia School of TPchnology ......... .

TPrrn Began
Aug. lti, 1916 . Aug. lti, 1\JlU .. Aug. 16, 1\JHi .1 Aug. 16, 1\JIU .

1--------------
.. 1 Sept. 1, Hll!J .. . Sept. 1, 191\J .. . Sept. 1, 191\l. Sept. 1, 191\J ....

Aug. Hi, 1\llli.

. ...... j Sept. 1, 1\}1\) ..

Aug. 16, 1\llG.

Sept. 1, Hll!l.

Members of State Highway Board of Georgia

1919- 1943

-----------

Name of Member

Title

Appointed By

--------------------------

Term Began

Term Ended

1 -

-

-

-

-

Remarks
----

-

-

-

-

-

C. :\I. Strahan. . . . . . . Chairman.

Stanley S. Bennet. . . :\Iember.

R. C. Xeely.

. :\!ember..

Governor DorseY.
Governor Dorsey . 1Governor Dorse}....

1

I

. 1Sept. Sept.

1, 1,

l!H\l .... IDee. 1!Jl \) .... !Dec.

31,
:n,

1921 1923

. .

. .

. .

. .

:IEEJx_p(piirra~ttiioonn

of of

initial2-year initial 4-ycar

term term

. Sept. 1, 191\l .... Oct. 27, 1923 ... D1ed m Offic!~

John 1\'. Holder ....... '!Chairman

\Y. T. Anderson..... . Member..

StanleyS. Bennet. .!Member.

.John R. Phillips.

~I e m b e r .

. Governor Hardwick.
. Governor Walker.... 1
.I.:GovPrnorWalker... Governor \Yalker...

IJan. . . -~'Nov. . .. Jan.
. .. Aug.

1, 1922 .... June 2, 1929 .... iSucceeded C. ;\f. Strahan 1, l!J2:L ... July, 1925 . . . Succeeded R. C. NePiy
II
1, 1924 .... Dec. 31, 1929 .... Reappointed Hl25 ... Dec. 31, 1931. .. Succeeded W. T. AndPrson

Sam Tate. . . . . . . . . .Chairman. . . Governor Hardman. . .. ,June 4, 1\129 .. [April 1, 1930 .... Succeeded John N. Holder

\\'.C. Vereen....

:Member.

. Governor Hardman.

. Jan. 1, 19:30 ... -~'June 19, 1933 . . Succeeded Stanlev S. BPnnet

J. \V. Barnett.... . .. Chairman.

Governor Hardman

. iApril 1, 1930 .... June 19, 1933 .. Succeeded Sam Tate

,J. P. Wilhoit. J. P. Wilhoit.
J. J. :\Iangham. W. E. Wilburn. :\lax L. McRae.

. !Member..

Governor Russell.. .

. '!Jan. 1, 1932 .... June 19, 1933 . . . Succeeded John R. Phillips

.I'Officer-in-Chg.. Gov. Eugene Talmadge. . June Hl, 1\J:~:~ .... July 20, 1933 .... Appointed Officer-in-Charge Chairman. . . Gov. Eugene Talmadge. . July 20, 1\J33 .... :Nov. 21, 193:3 .... !Succeeded J. W. Barnett.

. ~!ember..... Gov. Eugene Talmadge ... ,July 20, 1933 ... Nov. 21, 1!133 ... :succeeded J. P. Wilhoit

. :\Iember ....... :Gov. Eugene Talmadge ... 'July 20, 1\J:~:~. . . Jan. 1:3, 1\J37 .... Succeeded \V. C. VPreen

\Y. E. Wilburn . . . John A. Heck..

Chairman .... Gov. Eugene Talmadge ... Xov. 21, 193:3 ... Jan. 25, 1937. Appointed Chairman
Member. . ... Gov. Eugene Talmadge ... Xov. 21, 1933 ... Dec. :n, 1\J33 ... Succeeded J. J. Mangham

John A. Heck.. . . Jim L. Gillis, Sr....

Member ...... Gov. Eugene Talmadge ....Jan. 1, Hl34 .... :\far. 1, 1\137. Reappointed

Member ....... Governor Rivers.

1
. .. 'Jan. 25, 1\J:37 .. April19, 1940. Succeeded W. E. \Yilhum

Herman H. \Vatson ... ::\Iember. W. L. :\filler .......... ':\Iember. \Y. L. :\Iiller..... . . :Chairman.

Governor Rivers.

:\far. :~, l!J:H .... Dec. 2, 1\J39. Succeeded John A. Heck

I .!Governor Rivers. . ...... Jan. 1:~. 1\J:-17. . Jan. 14, 1941. ... Succeeded Max L. :YicRae

. Governor Rivers.

.!Jan. 25, l!J:H .... Jan. 14, 1941 ... Appointed Chairman

L. L. Patten. . . . . . . . . :\Iember. Herman H. \\'atson . . . ~!ember.

. Governor Rivers.

.IDee. 2, 1!1:3\J .... Jan. 14, 1941. . . ,succeeded Herman H. Watson

. ;Governor Rivers........ . Dec. 2, 19:~\J .... Jan. 14, 1\J41 .... Succeeded Jim L. Gillis, Sr.

W. E. Wilburn....

Chairman.. .;Gov. Eugene Talmadge ... 1Jan. 14, l\J41. ... Jan. 12, 1943 ... Succeeded W. L. :\!iller

S. E. VandivPr. . .

:\Iember.

T. G. Tyson.

. .;Member.

. Gov. Eugene Talmadge. . :Jan. 14, HJ41 .... iJar1. 12, HJ4::l .... 'I Succeeded HPrman H. \Vatson .:Gov. EugenP Talmadge . . Jan. 14, 1\!41 .... Jan. 12, 1!14:~ .... Suc!'ceclecl L. L. Patten

I

Members of State Highway Commission
1943- 19.~0

Xarne of :Member

TitlP

, Congressional

Appointed By

Term BPgan

Remarks

____Di_s_trict - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

I

,

-----~-----------.----'--------- - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

.J. J. Bouhan.

~fembcr. I . ... First ............ !Governor Arnall ..... IApril 21,1943 . . 1Jan. 18, Hl47.

L. Roy Robinson.

:\~ember. ...... Second.

I Governor Arnall ...... Apr!! 21, 194:3. . Jan. 18, l\l47.

Sims Garrett, Jr.

VJCc-Chmrman .. Third.

. ... Governor Arnall ...... <Apnl 21, 194:3. . Jan. 18, 1947.

Judson J. Milam. . . Member.

Hugh Burgess.

Member.

.. I

Fourth. Fifth.

. ... Governor Arnall ...... IApril 21, 194:3. . 1Jan. 18, 1947 . .. ,Governor Arnall ...... IApril 21, 1943. Jan. 18, 1\l47.

Frank A. Dennis ...... Member.

. 'Sixth.

. .. Governor Arnall. . IApril 21, 1\l43. Dec. :H, l\l44 ... IDiPd in Offic<'

Mrs. Frank A. Dennis. Member.

. Sixth...

. ... jGovernor Arnall .......Jan. 18, 1945 ... Jan. 18, 1947 ... Sueeeed~d F. A.

Penn Selman. . ..... :\Iember.

Seventh ......... !Governor Arnall ...... April 21, 1!J4:L .. Jan. 18, 1\!47 . . Denms

Lonnie A. Pope ....... Secretar~.

Eighth . . . . . . . . . . Governor Arnall. . .. April 21, 1\l4:3 ... Jan. 18, Hl47 ..

Steve C. Tate. . .... Chairman.

Ninth ........... Governor Arnall ...... April 21, 194:3 ... Jan. 18, 1U47 .

.J. Knox Gholston ..... Member. . .. Tenth .......... 'Governor Arnall ..... April 21, 194:3 ... Jan. 18, 1947.

\Yyck Knox .......... Member. . ... State at Large .... Governor Arnall ...... April 21, Hl43 ... Jan. 18, 1\l47.

Maurice \Y. Tift ...... :Member .... State at Large ... Governor Arnall ...... April 21, 1\)43 ... Jan. 18, 1947

Willard II. Lariscy .... Member. . ... First ............ 11 Governor Thompson .. :\Iarch 21, 1\)47. . Nov. 18, 1!l48.

Leon Houston ........ Member. . .. Second.

. .. Governor Thompson .. Yfarch 21, 1947 ... :\ov. 18, Hl48 .

\V. Gerue Dunn ....... l\Iember ........ ,Third. .

. .. Governor Thompson. :\1arch 21, 1947 ... 1:\ov. 18, 1948 ..

JudsonJ. Milam ...... Chairman. .'Fourth. . .... Governor Thompson .. :\iarch21, 1947. iNov.18, 1948.

C. R. Vaughn.

. Member ........ !Fifth.

. ..... Governor Thompson .. :\Ian~h 21, 1\l47. :\"ov. 18, 1\l48.

J. David Dyer ........ IMember.. . .!Sixth

Governor Thompson .. March 21, 1947. :"'ov. 18, 1\!48.

A. KYoung ......... !Secretary. . SeVPnth . .

Governor Thompson. I:Warch 21, Hl47 .. :"'ov. 18, l!l48.

George l\1. Bazemore .. 'Member ....... Eighth.....

Governor Thompson .. ;March 21, 1947. :\ov. 18, 1\)48.

Mose \V. Gordon.. Vice-Chairman. Xinth. Furman D. Smith, Sr. .. :\IembPr. . .. Tenth.

.I :Governor Thompson .. :\Iarch 21, 1947 .. Xov. 18, 1948
Governor Thompson .. March 21, 1947. Nov. 18, 1!l48 ...

:\1auricP W .. Tift.

:\Iember ........ State at LargP ... IGovernor Thompson .. l\Iarch 21, 194~ ... Nov. 18, 1948 ..

L. Roy Robmson.

Member.

State at Large ... !Governor Thompson .. March 21, 1941 ... Nov. 18, l\l48.

I

Members of State Highway Commission (Continued)
1fl43 - 1950

Name of Member

Title

Congressional District

Appointed By

Term Began

Term Ended

I

i

1

J._E. Parker ........ !Member ....... First.... . . . . 1Gov. Herman K Talmadge,Nov. 18, 1948 .. Feb. 2, 1950.

\\ . Fmnk Tyson .... !:VIember. . Dixon Oxford ...... Chairman.
I Tom Steele ........ Member.

. ISecond. . . . . . . 1Gov. Herman E. Talmadge~:'\ ov. .~Third..... . . ,Gov. Herman E. Talmadge.Nov.
I . Fourth. . . . . Gov. Herman E. Talmadge I::\ov.

18, 1948 ... Feb. 2, 1950. 18, 1948 ... ,Feb. 2, 1950 .. . 18, 1948 ... Feb. 2, 1950.

Henry McCalla. . .Member

.. ~Fifth

....... Gov. Herman~- Talmadgel::\ov. 18, 1948 ... Feb. 2, 1950 .. .

.:\farvin E. :\foatc . :\Iember ..... Sixth C. L. Moss . . . IVice-Chairman Seventh.

...... Gov. Herman E. Talmadge Nov. 18, 1948 ... !Feb. 2, 1950 ... .
I Gov. Herman K Talmadge Nov. 18, 1948 ... Feb. 2, 19.50.

John B. Walker

:\!ember

.. Eighth..

. .. Gov. Herman E. Talmadge Nov. 18, 1948 ... Feb. 2, 1950 .. .

.John K Quillian. :\1ember ..... 1 Ninth . . ... Gov. Herman E. Talmadge ::\ov. 18, 1948. . Feb. 2, 1950 .. .

J . .J. McLanahan .... 'Secretary ....... Tenth ........ IGov. Herman E. Talmadge 1Nov. 18, 1948. . Feb. 2, 1950. 1

A. W. Smith ........ IMember ........ State at Large ... Gov. Herman E. Talmadge;l).)c. 2, 1948 ... IFeb. 2, 1\)50.
Frank G. Binford ... :\Iember. . ..... !State at Large ... IGo~. Herman E. Talmadge IMarch 28, 1949 ... Feb. 2, 1\).50.

1

Remarks

State Highway Directors
19-13- 1950

Name

Title

Appointed By

Term Began

Term Ended

Ryburn G. Clay. . . .

Executive Officer-in-Charge .. Governor Arnall.

. Jan. 12, 1943. . :April 21, 194:3

Ryburn G. Clay. . . . . .. Director. George T. McDonald ....... Engineer-Director ..

Governor Arnall. . ... Governor Arnall.

. !April 21, 1943 .... iOct. 5, Hl45
. . :oet. 5, 1945. . . 'Jan. 18, 1947

\V. R. Keel. . . . . . . . . .. Director ..... .

. . 'Governor Thompson.

Jan. 18, 1947 .... March 20, 1947

John C. Beasley. .

. Director .......... .

'Governor Thompson.

. .. :\larch 20, 1947 .... June 4, 1948

W. R. Nee!.. . . . . John C. Beasley. Jim L. Gillis, Sr..

. .. Engineer-Director.
I. Director ..
. . pirector ..

Governor Thompson.

. June 4, 1948 .... Sept. 13, 1948

.. Governor Thompson.

. .... :Sept. 13,1948 . . iKov. 17,1948

.I . . :Gov. Herman E. Talmadge.. .jNov. 17, 1948. Feb. 2, 1950

I

Members of State Highway Board of Georgia
1950-1960

Narne of Member

Highway District

Term Began

Term Ended

Remarks

.John E. Quillian. Dixon Oxford....... .

I:\orthern .. .
. Central. .. .

I
..... iFeb. 2, 1950 ..... iFeb . 8, 1952.

:neelected for li-year term

. .... !Feb. 2, 1fl50 ..... IFeb. 8, 1954 ..... Heelected for li-year term

.Jim L. Gillis, Sr..

. Southern .. .

Feb. 2, 1950 ..... ~Jan . 1.5, 1955 ..... 'Elected Chairman 1950, 1952, 1954.

' Resigned and succeeded by

W. A. Blasingame

Dixon Oxford ...

. .~Central ..

.. IFeb. fl, 1954 ..... IJuly 15, 1fJ.'i5. . ;Resigned and succeeded by i Roger H. Lawson

W. A. Blasingame

.. 'Southern .

. . . . Jan. 19, 1().55. . Feb. 8, 19.56. . '!Elected Chairman Jan. 19, 19.55.

\V. A. Blasingnnw.

. . . . ISouthern.

IFeb. fl, 195(), . -~.July Iii, 1fJ5G.

Heelected for 6-year term . ,Elected Chairman Feb. 9, 195{i.
Hesigned and succeeded as member

.John E. Quillian. .. .. . . ~Northern .

Hoger H. Lawson.

..... Central ..

Feb. 9, 1952. ,Feb. s, 1958.
. .... .July W, 195.5. . . .July 1, 19.')7.

by Hoy F. Chalker . IHeelected for 6-year term . '!Elected Chairman .July 16, 1fJ.'i6.

Hesigned and succeeded as member

Hoy F. ChalkPr.

.... iSouthern.

by George L. Mathews . July lG, 19.5fi .... IJan. 1:~, 1().59. .]Elected Chairman .July 8, 1957.

I

Resigned and succeeded by

I

George L. l\Int.hewH.. . .... ,Central. ................. July S, 19.'i7. . .ll\lar. :n, 1959.

I

I

.John E. Quillian.

Northern..

. ... !Feb. !J, 19.5S. . . 'l\Iar. :n, 1!J59.

I
Robert H . .Jordan.. . ....... Central.

'I
.. !April 1, 1959 ..... Feb. 8, 19fi0

.Jim L. Gillis, Sr.
. Resigned and succeeded by Hobert H . .Jordan
. Hesigned and succeeded by 1 . 'IVillis :\.Harden
. Reelected for 6-year term

.Jim L. Gillis, Sr... . ....... !Southern ................ Jan. 14, 19.59 .... INow in office. . 1Elected Chairman .Jan. 14, 19.59.

Term ends Feb. 8, 1962

"-illis :\. Harden .

Xorthern.

. .~pril 1, 1959 ..... 1 ~ow !n o~ee ..... ITerm ends Feb. 8, 1964.

Robert H . .Jordan ..

. . !Central. . .

. Ileb. 9, 1960 .... -1_:\ow m office ..... Term ends Feb. 8, 1966.

__ ,

-----

-1-

--

20

'l'u:enty-Ei(Jhlh Heporl, /ale 1-1 ighway Deparl111ent of G orgia

T op, old b1idge ove1 th F'lint Rive1, on tnte Route 16, between
G1ifjin, which was ?eplcwed with bridge shown at bottom. tate B1idg P B uilding AuU1o1ity P1oj ect BA (4) P 977 (. ) , paldin-g County.

State Highway Engineers

1918 - 1960

- - - -===~=---------

Name

Term Began

vY. R. Xeel ..... .

.IJan.1, 1918.

13. P. Mc\Vhorter.

IMareh 1, Hl:30 ..

M. E. Cox ...... . H. E. Newton.

',June 20, HJ:3:3 ..
I Sept. 28, Hl:34 .. .

E. Jack Smith.

:Feb. 1, Hl:37 .. .

E. A. Stanley ... . . . . . . . I.July 14, Hl:37 ... .

W. B. Brantley.

. 1 Oct. 16, 19:38 .. .

W. R. Xeel. ... M. L. Shadburn.

. . .-\pril1, 1940 ... .
.1 ~lay 24, 1941 ..

George T. McDonald.

. 1April21, 194:3 ..

W. R. Keel. ...

. 1:\Iarch 20, 1947 ..

l\1. L. Shadburn ..

. Nov. 17, 1948 ...

I

Term Ended

I

Remarks

I

1---------------,----------

.[March 1, 19:3o ..

. June 20, 19:3:3 .. . . Sept. 28, 19:34 .. .

.

I

. .. Feb. 1, 19:37 ... .

. I

....... July 14, 19:37 .. .

. .... Oct. 16, HJ:38 .. .

. ...... April 1, 1940 ... .

May 24, 1941 .

. ..... 1April21, 194:3....

. ...... ,

. . Jan. 18, 1947. . .

. .. [Engineer-Director 10-.5-194;) to 1-18-1947.

.ig6() .. _ . ..... -~~~~~7~ffi_1:_~!_8Jt~n-~-:30,

._iE_'ngineer-Director G-4-Hl48 to 9-1:3-1948.

=--===--- --

i

------------------------

22

'l'wenty-EirJhlh R eport, Stale Highway DepaTlment of Georgia

Two views on the Atlcmta Ci?cwnje?ential Ro1de between R ed Oak and old U. S . 1,.1 . T op, Suhlivan Roctd is ca-rried ove? Inte?state Rottte 285. Bottom, em inte?change ramp is ca?-ried ove?' the westbound lane ~"~/ lntMstatl3 Route '285,
nea? R ed Oa/;. P1oject l -I N-407-1 (9), Fulton Clayton Counties.

Twenty-Eighth Report, Stale Highuay Department of Georgia

23

State Highway Board
JIM L. GILLIS, SR., Chairman, State Highway Board ROBERT H. JORDAN, Member, State Highway Board WILLIS N. HARDEN, Member, State Highway Board
The members of the State Highway Board are elected by a caucus composed of all members of the General Assembly, as outlined in the preceding section of this report. Under the law, the State Highway Board is charged ;vith the management and control of the State Highway Department, the State Highway System of roads and bridges, and the State Highway funds. The Board determines the policies of the Highway Department, approves the program of projects selected for improvement, executes all contracts, approves the employment of personnel, and authorizes the expenditure of funds.
During this biennium, contracts were awarded by the State Highway Department for the improvement of 1,963 miles of roadway and the construction of 298 bridges at a total cost of o\er $118 million. These contracts covered 201 miles of grading, 3 miles of grading and base, 69 miles of base, 1,213 miles of bituminous surfacing, 105 miles of resurfacing, 242 miles of widening and resurfacing, 67 miles of concrete pavement, 63 miles of road repairs, 66 underpass structures, 1 bridge repair, and 16 grade crossing signals. The total length of bridges was 7.8 miles.
In addition to the above, contracts were let by the Georgia Rural Roads Authority for 395 miles of grading and 1,332 miles of bituminous surfacing, or a total of 1,727 miles of roadway, and the construction of 56 bridges, 1.4 miles in length, at a total cost of over $25 million.
The State Bridge Building Authority awarded contracts for 104 bridges, 2.8 miles in length, and 20 miles of approaches, at a total cost of $5.3 million.
A statement is presented elsewhere in this report which shows the mileage of each type of work and the total cost of projects let to contract for each class of Federal-aid funds, as well as 100 per cent State funds on the State Highway System and Post Roads. Similar information is gi,en also for projects of the Georgia Rural Roads Authority and the State Bridge Building Authority. A summary of all work mentioned abo;-e includes 3,710 miles of roadway improYements, the

24

Twenty-Eighth Report, State Highway Department of Georqia

construction of 458 bridges and 66 underpass structures, and the installation of 16 grade crossing signals, at a total cost of onr $148 million.

State Ilighway System
Act No. 536 of the General Assembly, approved February 2, 1950, grants authority to the State Highway Board to substitute, relocate, and abandon any part of the State Highway System in building new roads or bridges, or in improving roads or bridges on the State Highway System, keeping in view only the control points.
During the fiscal year ending June 30, 1959, the mileage of the State Highway System was increased 490.7 miles and during the year ending June 30, 1960, the System was increased 261.5 miles.
The mileage of the State Highway System as of June 30, 1960, was 15,959.2 miles, of which 15,019.8 miles were paved and 939.4 miles were unpaved. A tabulation of the mileage by type of surface is given belmY and a list showing the mileage in each county appears elsewhere in this report. There were 3,794 bridges and grade separation structures on the State Highway System as of June 30, 1960, with a total length of 130.6 miles, '"hich are included in the follmYing tabulation according to the type of surface.

:VIILEAGE OF STATE HIGHWAY SYSTEM

Type of S11rjace
Unimproved .. Graded and Drained Soil-Surfaced .... . Gravel or Stone ... . Low-Type Bituminous .. High-Type Bituminous. Portland Cement Conrrete .. Brick or Block ..
Total ....

.T11ne SO, 1958
37.8 745.6 459.7 296.2 5, 771.0 6,172.9 1,715.7
8.1
15,207.0

June SO, 1959
3.6 675.7 317.5 200.8 6,247.5 6' 551.4 1,694.8
6.4
----
15,697.7

.T11ne SO,
1[160
-------
3.6 575.5 189.3 171.0 6,329.9 7,034.1 1,644.1
11.7
----
li)' 9;")9 2

Twenty-Eighth Report, Slate Highway Department of Georaia

2;-

Office of State Highway Engineer
:\I. L. SHADBURN, State Highway Engineer
Y. W. SMITH, SR., Assistant State IIighway Engineer-Administrative
J. A. KENNEDY, Assistant State Highway EngineerGeneral
F. P. KING, Assistant State Highway Engineer-Federal
The State Highway Engineer is the chief engineering; officer of the State Highway Department and is responsible directly to the State Highway Board. He directs and superYises, through the various division heads and the field division engineers, the planning, location, design, construction, and maintenance of all roads and bridges on the State Highway System, as well as the construction of Post Roads. He directs the selection and assignment of engineering personnel, and establishes the policies and procedures to be followed in the training of graduate civil engineers.
His staff includes three Assistant State Highway Engineers. His chief assistant is the Assistant State Highway Engineer-Administrative, whose principal duty is the overall direction of the Federal-aid highway programs. He coordinates and expedites the \York of the several divisions concerned with the various operations involved in placing Federal-aid projects under contract, and maintains liaison with the Bureau of Public Roads. Where necessary, he issues instructions for straightening out any difficulties which arise in the preparation of plans, procurement of right-of-way, letting of contracts, etc. He also performs administrative and engineering duties pertaining to projects of the Georgia Rural Roads Authority and the State Bridge Building Authority.
The Assistant State Highway Engineer-Federal is responsible for the preparation and submission of the various Federal-aid programs to the Bureau of Public Roads and handles all details in connection with obtaining Public Roads approval of the projects. He furnishes information as to costs, etc., on proposed projects to the State Highway Board, who select the projects to be included in the programs.
The Assistant State Highway Engineer-General handles the work in connection with contracts for State-aid and Post Roads projects to be constructed with 100% State funds. He is also responsible for

26

Tuenty-Eighth Report, Stale Hiahway neparlmenl of Georgia

carrying on the general and routine actiYities in the office of the State Highway Engineer.
Georgia Highway Conference
For the past nine years, an Annual Georgia Highway Conference has been conducted by the School of CiYil Engineering of the Georgia Institute of Technology, in cooperation with the State Highway Department. The objectiYe of these conferences is to provide a forum for the discussion of problems of mutual interest to the various groups in the high,my field and as a medium of exchange of information on technical advances. Over 200 persons haye registered for the conference each year, representing almost every group in the highway field. Interesting papers were presented by nationally knmvn leaders in the industry as well as by prominent engineers of Georgia and other Southeastern States. The Highway Department was well represented among those presenting papers, and a large number of the Department's engineers attended the conferences.
Each year, except the first, the proceedings of the Annual Georgia Highway Conferences haYe been printed or multilithed in book form, for distribution to those who attended and others interested, as a contribution of the Highway Department. These annual conferences have been yery worthwhile, and it is planned to continue them.

Twenty-Eighth Report, State Highway Department of Georgia

27

U. S. Bureau of Public Roads
The Bureau of Public Roads of the U. S. Department of Commerce represents the Federal Government in matters relating to highways. Its principal functions are administration of Federal aid to the States for highway construction, road building in Federal areas, and highway research. The head of the national organization in Washington is B. D. Tallamy, Federal Highway Administrator, and his chief assistant is Ellis L. Armstrong, Commissioner of Public Roads. The regional office, through which the work in Georgia and six other Southeastern States and Puerto Rico is cleared, is in charge of Rex S. Anderson, Regional Engineer, at Peachtree-Seventh Building, Atlanta.
Division Office
The activities for the State of Georgia are under the direction of J. S. Call, Division Engineer, whose office is located at 125 Ivy Street, N. E., Atlanta. The Bureau of Public Roads maintains close cooperation with the State Highway Department on all matters pertaining to review and approval of Federal-aid projects on the Federalaid Interstate, Primary and Secondary Highway Systems, as well as the Forest Highway System.
The division office staff is as follows:
J. S. CALL, Division Engineer WILLIAM M. DANIELSON, Program and Planning Engineer .J. A. TEMPLE, District Engineer WILBUR B. KING, District Engineer LYMAN C. BRADLEY, Bridge Engineer H. E. BLAKELEY, Office Engineer W. A. WHITE, Administrative Manager .J. A. WILSON, Appraiser Area Ilighway Engineers W.H.CAHTER HUGH L. CHAMBEHLAIK THOMAS P. GRIFFIN :\1:. D. STAKLEY 0. B. WALKER Auditors GEORGE C. HOFF:VIA~ A. P. MORGAN N. H. 7-A.NEIS

2

'l'wenly-Eighlh Report, late H ighway D parlment of G orgia

A1c-type weatheromete? used p?'ima?ily fo? testing 7Jaints, by the Division of Materictls and T ests.

Twenty-Eiuhth Report, State Highway Depar/111ent of Geor(Jia

2\l

These trained engineers and spceialistH advise with State Highway Department engineers on details in eonnection with route locations, suryeys, design, construction and maintenance of Federal-aid projects. Frequent inspections are made of construction work and the maintenance condition of all projects involving Federal participation.
The basic facts developed through cooperative traffic, engineerin!!: and economic studies by the Division of Highway Planning and the Bureau of Public Roads are utilized in the preparation and review of highway programs, designation of Interstate, Primary, Secondary and Forrst Highway Systems, and to determine the priorities and type of highway improvements.

History of Organization
This agency was created in 1893 as the Office of Road Inquiry in the Department of Agriculture and later the name was changed to Bureau of Public Roads. under Federal Reorganization Plan No. 1, the personnel and functions of the Bureau of Public Roads were transferred to the Federal Works Agency and the name of the organization was changed to Public Roads Administration, effeetive .July 1, 1939.
Under Reorganization Plan No. 7, effective August 20, 1949, the Public Roads Administration was transferred to the Department of Commerce and the organization was given again the narnr of Bureau of Public Roads.
The Highway Department desire:-; to express its sincere apprrewtion for the cooperation and serviert' rendered by the Bureau of Public Roads.

30

Twenty-Eighth Report, State Highway Department of Georgia

ROAD-USER REVENUE COLLECTED BY STATE OF GEORGIA AND APPROPRIATIONS FOR ROAD PURPOSES
1937- 1959

i

I

I

i

'

r

I

I

""

I

!
I

I

,.\

I/ I I

I

I I

I I

!

I I

I

\

I

\. /

I

-

I

I

I

I

I

I

/

I I

\ \ ~"'

..

/ ' I V/ \ ROAD-USER REVENUE I

~---.....
/

,/'

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - v','

APPRCPMJ.A.TI

I FOR ROAO p RPOSES , I v

CALENDAR YEAR

A tabulation of the road-user revenue and appropriations for road pwposes appears on the opposite page.

-----

IWAD-BSER REYENUE COLLECTED BY STATE OF GEORGIA AND APPROPRIATIONS FOR ROAD PURPOSES

----------
ROAD-nlER RE\'E:\'FE

1937- 1959

APPROPRIATIONS FOR IWAD Pl'HPOHEH

Calendar I :\Iotor-Fuel

Year

Tax

- - - - - - ----~--------

19:37

$ 19,550,144

19:38 19:39

19' 630' :315 21,046,637

1940

22,802,364

1941

26,048,632

1942

21' .539. 607

1943

18,181 '984

1944 194.5

20,231,665 2:3.17:3,083 !

1946

:30, 964,."i47

1947

34,620.424

1948

:36 . 529 . 630

1949

41 '600. 6.58

19.50

51.087.4.55

1951

.52. 596.610

19.52

52,1119,626

19.53

5.'). 753.434

Hl54

.58. 03:3.711

Hl55

6;) . 528 . 400

19.56

7:3. 703. 71.5

1957

76,167,090

19.58

77.647.482

19.59

82.403 .1Hl

Motor-Vehicle Registration
Fees
$ 1.:30:3.956 1,6.53, 713 1.883.117 2,044,372 2,226,150 2,228,699 2,227,164 2,374,501 2,547,921 2,897,807 3,409,971 3,276,965 3,794,594 4.371,044 4,789,069 5,137,796 5,646.011 6.124,845 7,034.064
12. 679' 79.5 13,240,194 13,199' .567 14. g;j,'j. 006

Totals

$ 981. u60. :329 $ 118. 9-Hi. 321

Total Road-eser Revenue
$ 20 .854 ' 100 21.284,028 22,929,754 24,846,7:36 28,274,782 23,768,306 20,409,148 22.606.166 25.721,004 :33 . 862 ' 3.54 :38 . 0:30' :39.5 :39 .806 ' 595 45 . :395 . 252 .'i5 . 458 . 499 57.385,679 .57.957.422 61.399. 44.'i 64 . 1.58 ..'i56 72 ..562.464 86.:38:3.510 89.407.284 00.847.049 97.2.58.122
;$1 100. uO(i. (iiiO

Payments to

Payments to

State Highway ! Counties

Department

for Roads

$ 7,95:3,547 $ :3' 153.237

1:3.980' 195

3,420,343

1.5' 278' 123 16,585,235

3,364,984 3,954,484

18,485,761

4,190,140

16,225,581

4,393,721

11.107,802

4,300,000

10,259,028

4,:300,000

14,444,957

4. 558.50:3

25.414,954

4. 817' 01:)

18,:344.1:34

4,817,013

:39. 823. 877

4,817,01:3

24.480.16.5

4,817,013

27,416,711

4,817,01:3

41.70.5. 696

7,067,013

iiO. 415,960

9.317.013

41.784,75.5

[)' 037 ..506

.52' 092. 21()

8,7.57,991

44,431.731

9.037,49!-\

5.5 . 09() . 642

9. 317.010

65.204.853

9,317,013

7:3.872. 676

9,:317.017

.'ii-\.480.11\H

n.:n7 .oou

------------

i $ 742,884.788 $ 110.205.547

--------------------

I

Total

i Appropriations for

, Road Purposes

$ 11,106,784

17,400,538

18,643,107

20,539.719

22,675,()01

20,619,302

1.5,407,802

14.5.59.028

19,003,460

30,231,967

23,161,147

44,640,890

!

29,297,178

:32,2:33,724

48,772.709

.59 ' 7:32 ' 97:3 50.822,261

()0,850,207

53,469,229

64,413,652

74,.521.866

83.189,693

u7.797,198

--------~---
$ 883 .090 .:3:3;)

Jnte1state H ighway 75, in T ifton.

Twenty-Eighth Neporl, State Hiyhway Department 1~[ Georgia

;3;3

The Federal-Aid Highway Program
The Federal-Aid Road Act of July 11, 1916, launched the Federal Government on a nationwide cooperative plan of highway improvement. A vital feature of this first Act was that the Federal Government was " ... authorized to cooperate with the States through their respective State highway departments ..."
Since the Federal High,my Act of 1921 there has been a continuation of the cooperative Federal-aid Plan \Yith initiathe in the selection of the systems and the selection of projects resting \Yith the State highway departments. The roads on the several Federal-aid highway systems are under the jurisdiction and control of the State or its political subdivisions and there are no Federal higlnmys except those in Federal lands.
Apportionments
Federal funds for the construction and improvement of roads on the Federal-aid highway systems are authorized to be appropriated by Acts of Congress and the amount to be apportioned to each State is determined by the Secretary of Commerce in accordance with the formulas specified by Congressional Acts.
The following section of this report contains information as to the class of roads included in each of the Federal-aid highway systems, and a tabulation at the end of this section shows the amounts of the Federal-aid apportionments to Georgia since the first appropriation in 1917.
The Federal-aid Primary funds were apportioned among the several Statt:o on the basis of one-third according to area, one-third according to population, and one-third according to the mileage of rural delivery and star mail routes.
The Federal-aid Secondary funds \\ere apportioned on the basis of one-third according to area, one-third according to rural population, and one-third according to mileage of rural delivery and star mail routes.
The Urban Highway funds \Yere apportioned accordin12: to the population of municipalities and other urban places of 5,000 or more population.

:14

Twenty-Eighth Report, Stale Hiyhway Department of Ge01yia

Funds for the improvement of the National System of lnterstate and Defense Highways were first authorized in the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1952, for the fiscal years 1954 and 1955, and were apportioned on the same basis as outlined ahoYe for Federal-aid Primary funds. The Interstate funds for the fiscal years 1956, 1957, 1958 and 1959 were apportioned on the basis of one-half according to population and one-half in the same manner as the Primary funds. The Interstate funds for the fiscal years 1960 and 1961 were apportioned among the seyeral States in the ratio \Yhich the estimated cost of completing the Interstate System in each State bears to the sum of the estimated cost of completing the Interstate System in all of the States, and the funds for the years 1962 through 1969 \Yill be apportioned on the same basis. These cost estimates are to be made periodically by the Bureau of Public Roads and the State highway departments.
It is required that all Primary, Secondary and Urban funds be matched by the State on a 50-50 basis, except that 10 per cent of the sum authorized for each class of projects may be expended on railway-high,my projects without State matching. This exception applies also to Interstate funds.
The Interstate funds for the years 1954 and 1955 \Yere matched on a 50-50 basis. For the year 1956 and part of the funds for the year 1957, the matching was on the basis of 60 per cent Federal and 40 per cent State. The additional 1957 funds and those for the years 1958 through 1969 are to be matched on the basis of 90 per cent Federal and 10 per cent State.
For the purpose of immediate acceleration of the rate of highway construction beyond that being accomplished under regular authorization, the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1958, Section 2 (a), authorized the appropriation of an additional $400 million for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1959, for immediate apportionment in the manner outlined above for Primary, Secondary and Urban funds, using the same percentage distribution of amounts apportioned to the seYeral States in relation to the total of the amounts apportioned to all of the States as was used in the original apportionment. Georgia's share of this supplemental apportionment was $9,119,163. These funds were matched by the State on the basis of 66-2/3 per cent Federal and 33-1/3 per cent State, and were referred to as "D" funds. They could be expended on the Federal-aid Primary or Secondary Systems, including extensions of these systems within urban areas, without limitation as to the amount of any class of funds, Primary, Secondary, or Urban, apportioned for projects on any sys-

Twenly-EirJhlh Report, Stale Highway Department of Georgia

3.5

tem. It was required that contracts be awarded for projects to be financed with the "D" funds prior to December 1, 1958, for completion of construction prior to December 1, 1959, and Georgia fulfilled these conditions.
There is shO\Yn below the amount of the apportionment to Georgia of Federal-aid Interstate, Primary, Urban and Secondary funds, including "D" funds, and the amount of State-matching funds, for each of the years indicated.

Fiscal }"ear Endina June 30
1957 .. 1958 .. . 1959 .. . 1960 .. 1961 ...

Federal Funds
$46,527,280 59,231,212 79,593,403 80,554,044 63,570,748

S t a l e - M alr:hiny Funds

Total

$24,464,366 24,016,620 30,033' 100 27,199,933 25,348,828

1$ 70,991,646 I 83 , 247 , 832
I
I 109,626,503 107,753,977
88,919,576

The funds ''"ere made available for a period of two years after the close of the fiscal year for ''"hich authorized, except the "D" funds, as outlined above. The funds are deemed to have been expended when placed under formal project agreements; i. e., after bids have been opened and the Bureau of Public Roads has concurred in the award of the contract, and the project agreement has been executed by the State Highway Department and the Bureau of Public Roads.
Diversion of Road- User Revenue
The policy that all road-user revenues should be used for highway purposes was first set forth by Congress in Section 12 of the HaydEnCartwright Act of June 18, 1934 (48 Stat. 995) and was reaffirmed in Title 23, United States Code, Section 126, approved August 27, 1958, as follows:
(a) Since it is unfair and unjust to tax motor-vehicle transportation unless the proceeds of such taxation are applied to the construction, improvement, or maintenance of highways, after June 30, 1935, Federal aid for highway construction shall be extended only to those States that use at least the amounts provided by law on June 18, 1934, for such purposes in each State from State motor vehicle registration fees, licenses, gasoline taxes, and other special taxes on motor-vehicle owners and oper-

;3()

Twcnly-Eiyhth Heporl, State Hiyhway Department of Georgia

ators of all kinds for the construction, improvement, and maintenance of high,rays and administrative expenses in connection there,rith, including the retirement of bonds for the payment of which such revenues have been pledged, and for no other purposes, under such regulations as the Secretary of Commerce shall promulgate from time to time.
(b) In no case shall the provisions of this section operate to deprive any State of more than one-third of the entire apportionment authorized under this chapter to which that State \Yould be entitled in any fiscal year. The amount of any reduction in a State's apportionment shall be reapportioned in the same manner as any other unexpended balance at the end of the period during \rhich it otherwise mmld be available in accordance with section 104 (b) of this title.

Programming and Subsequent Steps
Following apportionment of a year's authorization, the State Highway Department submits programs of proposed projects for improvement with the funds. After acceptance of the program by the Bureau of Public Roads, the State High,ray Department acquires the rightof-way, makes detailed surveys for each project, and prepares plans, specifications, and final cost estimates. These must be approved by the Public Roads Division Engineer. The High,my Department then advertises for bids and a\\ards a contract for construction, subject to Public Roads concurrence. The day-to-day supervision of the work is performed by High\my Department engineers, but a Public Roads engineer makes periodic inspections on the site as more fully outlined below.
Public Roads does not prescribe detailed design standards and construction specifications for Federal-aid work. The general policies of design standards adopted by the American Association of State Highway Officials are used by most of the States and they are endorsed by Public Roads. Details of design and construction specifications are prepared by each State to fit its individual needs, and are subject to review and appro,al by Public Roads.

1954 Secondary Road Plan
The Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1954 provided that the Secretary of Commerce may, upon the request of any State, discharge his responsibility relative to plans, specifications, estimates, surveys, contract a"anis, design, inspection, and construction of Federal-aid

Twenty-Eiyhth Report, Stale Hiuhway lJeparllllenl 1~/' Gmruia

:ri

Secondary road projects by his receiYing and approving a certified statement by the State Highway Department setting forth that the plans, design, and construction for such projects are in accord with the standards and procedures of the State applicable to projects in this category approved by him. The State Highway Department of Georgia put this plan into effect on November 1, 1954, and operations under the plan han proven very satisfactory.
It is still necessary that approya) be obtained from the Bureau of Public Roads covering additions, extensions and changes in the Federal-aid Secondary System. But after a project has been approved in the program, the High\vay Department prepares the plans, awards the contract, and supervises the construction \Yithout any further appro,al from the Bureau of Public Roads. Copies of the contract are filed \Yith the Bureau of Public Roads and a final inspection is made by them after construction has been completed. The audit and reimbursement for the Federal share of the cost of the project is handled in the usual manner.

Public Ilearin[!.s
Public hearings are required to be held by the State Highm1y Department on any Federal-aid high\vay project imohing the bypassing of, or going through, any city, town, or village, either incorporated or unincorporated and the economic effects of such a location arc considered by the Highway Department in determining the final location of the project. Also, on all Interstate System projects, public hearings are held at a convenient location for the purpose of enabling persons in rural areas through or contiguous to \Yhose property the highway will pass to express any objections they may have to the proposed location of such highway. Transcripts of all public hearings arc made and the State High\vay Department gives careful considcrati<m to all facts and recommendations of local citizens brought out in the hearing, in the selection of the final location of the high,my. A copy of the transcript of all public hearings is fonvarded to the Bureau of Public Roads.

Use of Federal-Aid Funds
Preliminary engineering and construction engineering, surveys, plans, and right-of-way costs are eligible for Federal participation, as well as the cost of construction. That part of the cost of relocation of utility facilities necessitated by the construction of a Federal-aid project which is accepted for State participation is eligible for Federal

38

Twenty-Eighth Report, State Hiyhway Department of Gem(!ia

participation. Federal funds may also be used for archaeological and paleontological salvage when considered necessary in connection with the construction of a project. The maintenance of highways and bridges constructed \Yith Federal-aid funds is the responsibility of the State and Federal funds may not be used for this purpose.
Federal-aid funds may be used to retire bonds issued by the States, counties, cities, or other political subdivisions where proceeds of such bonds are used to accelerate the construction of toll-free facilities on the National System of Interstate and Defense Highways or the Federal-aid Primary System, provided the work is done under plans approved in advance by the Commissioner of Public Roads.

Inspecting and Testing Procedures
From the beginning of the Federal-aid program, the engineers of the Bureau of Public Roads have inspected periodically the work in progress (except for projects constructed under the 1954 Secondary Road Plan on which there is only a final inspection, as previously stated herein) and recently this inspection service has been expanded and strengthened. On April 29, 1960, the Bureau of Public Roads issued an instructional memorandum \Yhich contained four procedural requirements, as follows:
First, the Bureau's inspecting engineer is required to include in his inspection reports the findings from his reviews. If he finds that materials, test reports and other reports necessary to reflect the quality of \Yorkmanship required by the approved plans and specifications are not on file with the State Highway Department, appropriate steps should be taken to defer payment of progress Youchers to the State until necessary correctiYe action has been taken.
Second, the Bureau's inspecting engineer is to make thickness or other lineal measurements of some or all materials in place at random points at each inspection and include such data in his report. Additionally a sample will occasionally be taken during the inspections at random locations and the sample is to be delivered to the State High\YUY Department's central laboratory for check test, and a report thereof furnished to the Bureau's Division Engineer.
Third, at the time of final inspection of each project or prior thereto, record samples are to be taken of the finished work in place for check test by the State's central laboratory, and a report thereof is to be furnished to the Bureau's Division Engineer, with certification by a duly authorized representative of the State Highway Department as to conformity of the record samples with the governing plans and

Twenty-Eighth Heport, State Highway Department of Georma

39

specifications and whether the results of the record sample tests are reasonably representative of the materials incorporated in the project as shmYn by the re!!;Ular testin!!; and sampling done on the project as the work pro!!;ressed.
Fourth, record samples are to be taken from the finished work in place of projects constructed under the 1954 Secondary Road Plan and certification as regards the record samples is to accompany the State's final claim for reimbursement.

Ilighway Planninr.
Since 1934, the Federal-Aid High,my Acts have authorized the use
of 1>1 per cent of the Federal-aid apportionment to any State for
engineering and economic investi!!;ations and highway research. The fact-findin!!; studies which "ere inaugurated under this provision have been carried on in Georgia, since 1937, by the Division of Hi!!;hway Planning. The visdom of this provision has been amply demonstrated, and the continuing high,my planning suneys of the various States haYe provided the facts necessary for determining highway needs of the future.

Federal-Aid Fiscal Procedure
Federal funds for hi!!;hway work are not turned over to the State in advance of construction. Instead, they are paid to the State in the form of reimbursement during and after the period that the work is in progress. They are paid only on projects for which the plans have been appro.-ed previously by the Bureau of Public Roads and for which the work is conducted in accordance with the applicable requirements established by the Bureau of Public Roads. The State Highway Department makes payments from State funds to the contractor on monthly estimates of the dollar value of work that has been accomplished on a project. The State Highway Department then submits monthly progress vouchers for the work accomplished on which the Federal Government makes prompt payment.
A project is reported completed "hen the major elements of construction are done and the road or bridge is open to traffic. To secure fila! reimbursement the State Highway Department then submits a fi11al voucher to the Bureau of Public Roads indicating the various construction items and claiming the Federal portion due but not paid o 1 progress .-ouchers. Final reimbursement is not made until the p .oject has been finally inspected and a determination made by field engineers of the Bureau of Public Roads that it was constructed in

40

Twenty-E:ighih Report, Stale Hi(!hWO!f Depmi111ent of Georr;ia

accordance \Yith the approved plans, specifications and estimates, and a detail audit made of the claim by a Federal auditor.
Upon request of the State Highway Department, Federal funds will be advanced by the Bureau of Public Roads for the acquisition of >ights-of-,yay but it is required that actual construction of a road on such rights-of-way be completed within a period not exceeding seven years follmYing the fiscal year in \Yhich such request is made. Federal participation in the cost of rights-of-way acquired under this procedure shall not exceed the Federal pro rata share applicable to the class of funds from "hich the Federal reimbursement is made.

Interstate System
The Federal-Aid High,Yay Act of 1956 authorizes the appropriation of Federal funds mer a 13-year period for completing the National System of Interstate and Defense High,Yays and expressly provides that the standards for the system shall be adequate to accommodate the traffic expected thereon in the year 1975. The system iR to be developed to freeway characteristics.
The design standards adopted by the American Association of State High\Yay Officials and approved by the Bureau of Public Roads provide that the highways must be designed with control of access to insure their safety, permanence, and utility and with flexibility to provide for possible future expansion. The highways shall be designed to sene safely and efficiently the ,olumes of passenger ,chicles, busses, and trucks, including tractor-trailer and semitrailer combinations and corresponding military equipment, estimated to be that
which ''"ill exist in 1975, including attracted, generated, and develop-
m<mt traffic on the basis that the entire system is completed.
As stated, control of access is required for all sections of the Interstate System, and this shall be accomplished by acquiring access rights outright prior to construction or by the construction of frontage roads, or both. Railroad grade crossings shall be eliminated for all through traffic lanes, and all at-grade intersections of public highways and private driveways shall be eliminated.
The design speed of all highways on the system shall be at lem.;t 70, 60 and 50 miles per hour for flat, rolling, and rnountainouR topography, respectiYely, and depending upon the nature of terrain and dmelopment. The design speed in urban areas should be at !Past 50 miles per hour. Traffic lanes shall not be less than 12 feet \vide, and wide rights-of-way are desirable.

Twenly-l!:iyitlit Neporl , State /-/ ighway Department of Georyi t

..J-L

The foiiO\Ying ection of th i report con tain a map a nd ot her information on the at iona l ystem of In ter tate a nd D efen e Hi ghways in Georgia.

An inadequLte, timber bridge ovm the anoochee Riv ?', on n connty 1oad between Dnisy nncl N vils. was ?'eplnced with th nhol'e !>ritlr;e, on a new lo ntiol' .
F edentl-aid . econdnry P1oject S-07.18 (.1), Ev:tns ounty.

APPOHTIOI\l\1EKT OF FEDERAL-AID HIGHWAY FUNDS TO GEORGIA

Fis~al Ye~r Ending .June 30

FederalAid
Primary

I Federal- ,

Aid

I

Urban

1 Interstate

Scrondary

Highways , System

FederalAid Grade Crossing

Emergency Advance

Emergt.ncy

:"iational Recovery

U. ~-Works Program

mL .... - -. . , - . 1917 -.. ~~--- ~~-~ $--134,329-:48 L~-- --~~Is.-:~-----~-$. ~J1u~uz1

. . $.

1920.

2,557,485.02:

1921.

2,697,150.96'.

1922

1,997,957.58 ..

1923.

1,331,971.72.

1924

I, 729,366.09 .

1925.

1,983,022.99.

1926.

2,000,867.00

1927.

1,981,189.00

1928.

1,979,209.00 .

1929.

1,980,015.00 ..

1930

1,980,443.00.

19:!1 . . . .

:3,318,280.00 ..

19:32.

3,:l16,029.00.

19:33.

2,753,344.80

1934.

1935. 1936. 1937.

:3.i68; 22i 00 ..
3,168,222 00.

1938. 1939. 1940. 1941. 1942 .. 1943.

3,23:3,279.00 :l, 154,850.00 2,507,151.00 2,509,551.00 2,519,366.00 2,517,196.00

1944.

l~!~

5,64s;564oo

1947

5,644,683.00

1948.

5,571,7:36.00

l~~ci

oo' 5,026:124 00 3;834;69s 00 i;441:o9i

1951.

5,017,556.00 3,828,985.00 1,441,091.00 ...

1952.

5,5:35,806.00 4,224,971.001 1,778,042.00,.

195:l.

5,491,196.00 4,190,994.00 I, 764,294.00,.

1\154.

6,059,367.00 4,627, 705.00: 1,955, 727.00:

1955.

6,093,8:32.00 4,654,049.00 1,965,808.00,

1956

7,815,446.00 5,968,900.00 2,521,1813.00 4,043,968.00

1957

9,176,78100 7,015,695 00 2,985,688 oo, 27,349,116 00

1958

9,339,362 oo' 7,160,423 ool 3,115,011 ool .39,616,416 oo

1959

1.!,748,611 001 10,562,497 00 4,656,484 00 50,625,811 00

1960

9,758,649 00 7,490,264 001 :3,281,756 00 60,023,375 00

1961

' 9,725,206 00 7,489,916 00 3,355,966 00 42,999,660 00

--------- ------- ----- --- ------- - ------- ------------------- -------- --------- --

Totals

I$ 166.190,028 80'$
--- ----

86,774,730 00$ -

35,107,370

0

0

$

2

2

5

,

8

9

8

,

0

5

1

-

00-

-

-$

4

,

5

58,555
~--

00

$2,077,996.00' $3,123,298.00$ 15,204,676.00$ 9,884,916.00

APPORTIONMENT OF FEDERAL-AID HIGHWAY Fl:NDS TO GEORGIA-Continued

Fiscal-Ycar_._ _ _ ='-'~~

Ending June 30

Forest Highways

Public \forks 1
Adminis- i -

Flood - I ~ct~;s~e - -~-- Btrategic - -- Adv~ncr ,

Flight

Total for Year

tration - ---~~~~-----~~~~~--~_:~~ark ____~_:~~~~~--! __ ----~~~--- ---~~~~~--

1917.
1918. 1919. 1920. 1921 . 1922 1923 1924. 1925.
1926. 1927
1928. 1929 1930 1931 19;)2 193;)
19:14 19:35. 1936 .. 19:37 193R
1939 1940
1941 1942
1943. 1944 1945
1946 1947 1!14R 1949 1950. 1951
19.?2 195:3.
1954. 1955 1956
1957 1958 1959. 1960 l91i1

' $

. . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1


I I

i

5, 350. 67'1 5, 281.69 . 48,89:3.09 49,140.60 49,446.17. 18,596.081 26,780.51 21,512.44 21' 849.55 :33,105.81 ....
3324,,270920..96471.. .. . . 27,283.94 .. 32,519.55 .. . 120,015.87, .. .
65,597.341 .. 97,696.88 .. 139,526.03 .. 34,106.76. 35,299.86 .. 31,408.18 . 73,538.8:3,.
4755,,548130.0.8510. 99,503.16 80,002.41 63,364.55' 8,075.43 .. 41,594.31 . 212,212.91 201,078.00
so: 142:oo;
R1,170.00;. li9, 946.00 . li9,952.00,
7768,,696969.0.0010 . 78,999.00. 76,232.00 .. 105,692.00
114186,,223651..0o0o1, .
116,261.00

! $. .. . .

.1. $. . . . . . . . . . $.

$. .. ..

,

i

m:~~u~

I, 798,847.29 2,606,625.62 2,746,597.1:3 2,016,55:l.66 I, 358,752.2:3
1, 750,878.5:3 2,004,872.54 2,0;)3,972.81
2,013,391.67 2,013,999.94
2,007,298.94 2,012,962.55 5,951,406.28 6,504,924.34
12,975,547.66 5,253,017.0:3
9, 919,022.76 3,203,520. 86
3,199,630.18 5,176,572.8:3 5,720,237 05 3,405,917.80 3,590,547.16 3,541,035.69 6,540,476.26
2,291,681.26 I, !12,011.20 12,420,474.0:3 11,775,635.00 11,425,190.00
218,76:3.35
10,:382,055.00 10,368,802.00 13,851,765.00
12,74:3,936.00 1:3,786,559.00 1:3,414,299.00
20,428,496.00 48,061,198.8:3
59,336,904.00 79,741,638.00 80,670,305.00 I 63,687,009.00

----======== -c==~'l~o~ta~ls~."'

$2,929,32:3.08

$646,200.00

$6S7, 1!18. 74 $11, 152,370.45

$629' 229. 00

$2.51, 720.00!

$:31il,28!1.21, $565,476,951.2S

-14

Twenty-Eighth Report, State Highway /Jepar/menl of Georgia

NORTH CAROLINA

COLUMBIA

(l

'7

-1!

0

<' !

/

~

1-- ~

'7!

l>

e"'

l>

National Systern of Interstate rtnd Defense Highways in Georgin.

Twenty-Eighth Report, State H1:yhway Department of Georgia

4.'i

Highway Systems
ClaEsification of high ways is made necessary by the several plans of highway financing that have been developed during the years by the State and Federal Governments. Each plan of financing limits itself to particular hi!lhways cr kinds cf highways and thus establishes a ne\Y classification. It is [>ossible for a highway to be on two or more system>'. For example, a road may be on both the State Highway System and the Federal-aid Primary System; or a road may be classified as a County Read, a Post Road, and a Federal-aid Secondary Road. The classes of high\vays in Georgia based on methods of financing are as follows:
1. National System of Interstate and Defense Highways. 2. Federal-aid Primary System. 3. Federal-aid Secondary System. 4. Forest Highway System. 5. State Highway System. 6. Post Roads.
i. County Roads.
The System of United States Numbered High\mys (such as U. S. 41) was established for reasons other than financing, as will be explained under that heading.
National System of Interstate and Defense IIighways
The National System of Interstate and Defense Highways, authorized in the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1944 and selected by the State highway departments in cooperation with the Bureau of Public Roads, was approved on August 2, 194i. Additional routes into, through, and around urban areas were ar:proved on September 15, 1955. An additional 1,000 miles, authorized in the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1956, was approved on October 1i, 1957, bringing the total mileage nf the System to 41,000 miles.
The Interstate System consists of routes of highest importance to the nation, which connect the principal metropolitan areas, cities and industrial centers, serve the national defense, and connect at suitable border points with routes of continental importance in the Dominion of Canada and the Republic of Mexico. The Interstate System is a part of the Federal-aid Primary System, as all Interstate routes not

46

Twenty-Eighth Heport, State Ht:ghway Department of Georgia

already included in the Primary System were automatically added thereto by la"
No funds other than the regular Primary and Urban funds had been appropriated for the development of the Interstate System prior to the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1952, but that Act and subsequent Acts authorized separate and additional appropriations for the purpose of expediting the construction, reconstruction and improvement of the Interstate System. Information as to the financing of these improvements, the standards to govern, etc., has been given in the preceding section of this report.
The National System of Interstate and Defense Highways in
Georgia ''"ill consist of approximately 1,110 miles when completed,
based on the estimated mileage between approved control points. The accompanying map shows the control points included in the original approval of the system in Georgia and the general direction of the routes. Final locations of the routes will be determined by means of engineering, traffic and economic studies, including consideration of local needs, and agreed upon by the State Highway Department and the Bureau of Public Roads. Where an Interstate highway is not to be constructed on the existing highway location, the existing
highway route ''"ill generally be retained on the Federal-aid Primary
System and thus be eligible for improvement \Yith appropriate Federalaid funds.
The plan for numbering routes on the Interstate System, formulated by the American Association of State Highway Officials and endorsed by the Bureau of Public Roads, provides for a distinctive design for the Interstate Route marker. The design is a shield of different size, color and shape from that used for the U. S. Route marker. The legend and border of the marker is reftectorized white, the background is reftectorized red at the top and reftectorized blue at the bottom. The legend "Interstate", the name of the State and the route number is carried on the marker. An Interstate Route will carry the same number for the full length of the route through se,eral States or entirely across the country.

Federal-Aid Primary System
The Federal-aid Primary System consists of routes of the National System of Interstate and Defense Highways and other important routes \Yith their urban extensions, including important loops, belt highways and spurs. This system was first designated under authority of the Federal Highway Act of 1921 and the routes were selected

Twenty-Eighth Report, State Highway Department of Georgia

4 7

by mutual agreement between the State highway departments and the Bureau of Public Roads. Additions, revisions and changes in the routes have been made during the intervening years as conditions justified, and studies continue to be made so that the system will contain the routes of greatest importance, within the mileage limitation fixed by law.
The system is limited to seven per cent of the 1921 total highway mileage in the State, except that in addition the law permits, without charge against the seven per cent limitation, mileage within Federal reservations, mileage within designated urban areas, and mileage of Interstate routes that were not a part of the Primary System prior to their designation as Interstate routes. Permissible system mileage may be increased by increments of one per cent of the 1921 total highway mileage whenever provision has been made for the completion and maintenance of 90 per cent of the State's entire system. The system may be considered as meeting the 90 per cent completion requirement if 90 per cent of the miles has been improved to provide right-of-\Yay, geometric design, surface, base and subgrade, and structures consistent with requirements for traffic service. The original mileage eligible for inclusion in the Federal-aid Primary System in Georgia was 5,662 miles, based on seven per cent of 80,892 miles. On June 23, 1939, a one per cent increment of 808.9 miles was approved, and another increment of one per cent was approved on August 19, 1940, so that the present total permissible mileage is 7,279.8 miles.
The designated Federal-aid Primary System in Georgia as of June 30, 1960, comprised 7,920.5 miles in rural areas, 686.5 miles within established urban areas, and 206.5 miles within Federal reservations, or a total of 8,813.5 miles. This total includes 1,110 miles of the Interstate System, most of \Yhich is projected mileage.

Federal-Aid Secondary System
The Federal-Aid Highway Acts of 1936 and 1944 provided for the selection and designation of a system of principal secondary and feeder roads, including farm-to-market roads, rural mail routes, and school-bus routes, but not limited to roads of these specific descriptions. These roads are selected by the State Highway Department in cooperation with the county commissioners and approved by the Bureau of Public Roads, and are the only roads on which Federal-aid Secondary funds may be expended. The approved System as of June 30, 1960, contained 14,066 miles, of \vhich 7,582.8 miles were also on the State High\my System.

4R

Twenty-Eiyhth Heporl, State Hiyhway Department of Georyia

The Federal-aid Secondary System may include roads inside of municipalities of less than 5,000 population. Urban boundaries have been established by the State Highway Department and approved by the Bureau of Public Roads for all cities having a population of 5,000 or more, according to the census of 1950. A map showing the urban boundaries has been forwarded to the mayor of each city, and to the county commissioners of the county in which the city is located. Extensions of Federal-aid Secondary routes through urban areas of 5,000 or more population are included in the total mileage of the Secondary System, but such extensions are ineligible for improvement \Yith Federal-aid Secondary funds and may be financed only with Federal-aid Urban funds.

Forest Highway System

Forest high>mys are those forest roads wholly or partly within, adjoining, or adjacent to and serving the national forests that are of primary importance to the State, counties or communities, and that have been selected and designated by the Commissioner of Public Roads of the Bureau of Public Roads, U. S. Department of Commerce, and the Chief of the Forest Service of the U. S. Department of Agriculture as constituent parts of the Forest Highway System. It is not a thoroughly connected system, but is composed of individual and frequently separated routes, generally of short length. Forest Highways are classified as follows:

Class 1. On the Federal-aid Primary System. Class 2. On the Federal-aid Secondary System. Class 3. Other Forest Highways.

The mileage of the Forest Highway System in Georgia as of .June

30, 1960, was as follmvs:

Class 1. . .

. . . . . . . . . .

. ........ 168.5 miles

Class 2.

... 169.9 miles

Class 3.

. .. 28.3 miles

Total ..

. ............ 366.7 miles

The Forest Highway System may be increased or decreased in mileage when the proposed modifications have been jointly agreed upon and recommended by the State Highway Department, the Regional Forester, the Division Engineer and the Regional Engineer of the Bureau of Public Roads, and approved by the Commissioner of Public Roads and the Chief of the Forest Service. Funds for the construction of Forest High,mys are provided by Congressional appropriation

Twenty-Eighth Report, State Highway Deparl111ent of Georgia

49

and are usually included in the same Act as other Federal-aid Highway funds. The funds are prorated and apportioned among the seyeral states according to the area and Yalue of the national forests, and the construction work is supenised by the Regional Engineer of the Bureau of Public Roads.

State Highway System
Hoads on the State Highway System are located, constructed, imprond and maintained by the State Highway Department. The original system of 4,800 miles was established under the provisions of an Act of the General Assembly of Georgia, approYed August 18, 1919. This Act proYided that the State Highway Board should designate the system of interconnecting county-seat public roads as Stateaid Roads. An amendment of 1921 increased the limit to 5,500 miles, an amendment of 1925 increased it to 6,300 miles, and other increases were made by amendments passed in 1929 and 1933. An Act approved February 12, 1938, gave the State Highway Board the right and authority to designate any public road in the State as a State-aid Road, with no limitation by statute as to the mileage of the State Highway System.
An Act of the General Assembly, approyed i\Iarch 17, 1943, \Yhich abolished the State Highway Board and created a State Highway Department under a State Highway Director, and a State Highway Commission, authorized and empowered the State High\Yay Director to place on the State Highway System any roads he deemed necessary to the best interests of the State, when approved by a majority of the State Highway Commission, by first giving written notice to the county road authorities concerned thirty days prior to such action. This Act of :\Iarch 17, 1943, was repealed by an Act of the General Assembly, approved February 2, 1950.
The Act of February 2, 1950, as amended, which created the present State Highway Board, contains a section \Yhich reads in part as follows:
The present State Highway system mileage, known as Stateaid roads, as shown by the records of the State Highway Department at the time of the passage of this amendment shall remain on the State highway system mileage and be maintained by the State Highway Department. Prodded, hmYeYer, the State Highway Board shall haYe the right to substitute, relocate, and abandon any or all of the State highway system mileage in building new roads or bridges or in improving the StatP highway

50

Twenty-E(1hth Report, Stale lli(lhway Department of Geomia

system roads and bridges, keeping in view only the control points as shmvn by the present State highway system. In relocating, resurveying, substituting and abandoning any road, bridge or right-of-way on the State highway system, the State Highway Board shall confer \Yith the ordinary or county commissioners concerned, as the case may be, and give due consideration to their wishes in the said relocation, resurveying, substitution and abandonment, but in case of disagreement the judgment of the State High\my Board shall prenil. The State Highway Board shall prescribe appropriate rules and regulations by which ne\\ mileage may be added to the State highway system. Provided, however, no new mileage shall be added to the State highway system until 90% of the roads and bridges of the State highway system are paved, except in emergencies or unusual situations as shown by appropriate resolutions entered on the minutes of the State Highway Board.
The State Highway System contained 15,959.2 miles as of June 30, 1960, of \Yhich 15,019.8 miles, or 94.1 per cent, were paved. Streets within municipalities \vhich form a continuation of, or link in, the State High\vay System are a part of the system.

Post Roads
All rural roads over which United States mail is carried are postal routes; ho,vever, in Georgia only such roads that are not on the State Highway System are classified as Post Roads. The Act of 1937 which established the Post Roads Division within the State Highway Department and authorized the expenditure of State funds for the construction of Post Roads, also authorized the State Highway Department to construct farm-to-market roads, so that generally the term "Post Roads" is applied to all public roads in Georiga not on the State High\Yay System.
Post Roads and farm-to-market roads may be constructed by the State Highway Department to the extent that funds are made a\ailable, but the construction and maintenance of such roads are primarily the responsibility of the counties. There are 72,958.5 miles of Post Roads and farm-to-market roads in Georgia not on the State Highway System. All of these roads are classified also as County Roads, inasmuch as they are under the control and jurisdiction of the counties.

Tuenty-Eighth Report, State Highway Department of Georgia

51

County Roads
All rural roads in the State not on the State Highway System nor "ithin Federal or State resenations are classified as County Roads. The counties are responsible for the construction and maintenance of these roads; although, as stated aboYe, the State Highway Department undertakes to construct as many of them as possible with Federal-aid Secondary funds and State funds. The county commissioners (or ordinary in counties haYing no commissioners) are authorized to open and locate new roads. There are 72,958.5 miles of County Roads, including roads in State parks, national forests, and State reserYations. These are classified also as Post Roads and farm-tomarket roads and include 6,478. 7 miles on the Federal-aid Secondary Rystem.

United States Numbered Highways
In 1926, the American Association of State Highway Officials (being composed of all the State High>Yay Departments and the Bureau of Public Roads of the Federal GoYernment) selected a limited system of State roads to carry continuous numbers across the country RO as to facilitate traYel on the main interstate lines, over the shortest routes and the best roads. These roads are designated by the use of the United States shield as the insignia, and are commonly referred to as U. S. Routes or U. S. Numbered Highways. The establishment of a U. S. number as a guide for interstate travel over certain roads has no connection \Yith Federal control or the designation of Federal funds for road construction and, therefore, the U. S. Highway numl:ers should not be confused with route numbers assigned to the Federal-aid Highway System. The U. S. numbers may recognize a State road which has been constructed entirely by the use of State funds.
Additions, changes, extensions, revisions or reductions in the U. S. Numbered System are made by the Executi,,e Committee of the American Association of State Highway Officials, after consulting \Yith the Highway Department of the States affected. The established policies of the Executive Committee pro\'ide that no additional road shall be added to the U. S. Numbered System, and no existing U. S. road shall be extended except "here there is a definite shmYing of an adequately improved highway carrying an established and necessary line of interstate traffic not otherwise proYided for by existing U. S. routes and for which traffic adequate sen-ice cannot be pro,ided by State route numbers.

52

T-u:enly-8i(Jhth R pori, late H ighway Department of GeoT(Jia

Exten ion of pre ent

. numbered route may b mad only

" hen the propo ed exten ion i in t he genera l direction of t he pre en

route. Propo ed exten ion may not be made \\'hen, to do o, it i

necessary to duplicate

. route already e tab li hed, unl the

dup licat ion is for a hor t di tance and the route t hen d iveroe, ending

in a different termina l point . AI o, no ne'" . route located "holl y

in on 'tat may be e tab li bed.

Constnwtion in 11'0,IJ?'ess on Intetstate Route 75, in Cook l-75-1 (15) .

Twenty-Eighth Report, tale Highway Department of G oryia

53

wing span tntss b1iclge, with 1 -foot 1ocu:lway, over Lctzct-
. . 80, betw en avanncd~ and avnnnah Beach. Bottom , n w, with 2 -foot 1octdway on new alignment which eliminated ct betel ctwve. P1oject F-064-1 (6), hatham Connty .

:\IILEAGE OF HIGH\YAYS, BY SYSTE:\IS

June 30, 1960

~ I

Slate

Total

Highway

County

City

Existing I

1

Federal-aid Primary System~---------- _}!ysten~_'__Roads____!treets____!~oads _ _

I Total Projected Designated
M ilea~_l_!_ysterr~-

Rural. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6, 9:39.3

1
24. 8 . . . . . . . . . . 6, 964. 1 I 1, 162. 9 i 8, 127. 0

Urban............................

471.2;

30.7 . . . . . . . . . . 501.9

184.61 686.5

Federal-aid Secondary System. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7, 582.8 I 6, 478. 7 1. . . . . . . . . 14,061. 5

4. 5 . 14,066.0

Not on any Federal-aid System.......

965.9 66,424.3 I 8,292.5 75,682.7 ......... 1 75,682.7 1

Total._._.

__.._._~-_._............... I 15,95~~;-1--;.2,~~~~5 ~--8,;~;5 :-;7,;~~~2 [-~;~;~-;~~~;;-

The Federal-aid Primary System mileage includes 1,110 miles of the Xational System of Interstate and Defense Highways, most of which is projected mileage. The mileage of city streets is estimated. L"rban extensions of State Highway System and County Roads within incorporated places are included in the mileage of the respective systems and are not classified as city streets. Also, the mileage of the Federal-aid Secondary System includes extensions through incorporated places.
-----=~~~~=--~------ ---~~~==~~=

Twenty-Eighth Report, State Highway Department of Georgia

55

MILEAGE OF STATE HIGHWAY SYSTE:vl AND COUNTY ROADS, BY TYPE OF SURFACE
June 30, 1960

State

Highway

County

Type of Surface

System

Roads

Total

Unimproyed............

------------------

. . I

3.6 2,353.2 2,356.8

Graded and Drained ........ .

575.5 37,714.2 38,289.7

Soil-Surfaced ............. .

189. 3 11 '580. 9 11 '770. 2

GraYel or Stone ............... . 171.0 8,168.4 i 8,339.4

Low-Type Bituminous. .

. . , 6,329.9 12,085.8118,415.7

High-1~ype Bitun1inous . . . . . . . . I 7 ' 034 . 1

814 . 0 7 ' 848 . 1

Po~tland Cement Concrete ...... 1 , 644 . 1

238 . 6 . 1 ,882. 7

Bnck or Block ................ . 1

11.7

3.4 1

15.1

i

i

;=-o~i~.~~~~~~~~~~~--~~~~~~~~;-~-;~~~~;-~--~~~~17.-~-

-

.

.

, _ __c_c .. _c cc~.c__

Unpand. .. . .. . . . .. . . .

939.4'1 59,816.7 I 60,756.1

Paved ...................... 15,019.8 13,141.8 I 28,161.6

1
Total ..... ~~-~~~-- -~~~~~~~~~59~;-~--;~~58~;--l-8~~~~;-7--

56

'l'wenly-E'igluh lleporl, tale H ighway Department of Georyia

Top, old b1id,q , in Alvaton, which had b en closed to t?affic clue to its ttnsaf condition. Bottom, new b?i.dge con tnwted by tate B1idge Building Authority.
P1oject BA (4) RR 1646 (5), Me1iwether ounty.

Twenty-Eighth Report, State Highway Department of Georgia

fii

MILEAGE OF STATE HIGHWAY t-lYSTK\1

1920- 1960

Date

J1ilea?,e

December 31, 1920. . . . .

4,800.0

December 31, 1921...

5,500.0

December 31, 1922. . . . .

.'5,500.0

December :H, 1923.

5,854.7

December 31, 1924. . .

6,248.8

December 31, 1925. . . . .

6,648.8

December 31, 1926. . . .

7,048.8

December 31, 1927. . . . . . . 7,061.4

December 31, 1928. . . .

7,075.6

December 31, 1929.

7,090.6

June 30, 1930......

7,124.4

June 30, 1931.....

7,138 .'5

June 30, 1932.....

8,196.8

June 30, 1933 ............. 8,498.3

June 30, 1934 .............. 8,876.2

June 30, 1935...

9,206.4

June 30, 1936.... . ...... 9,272.8

June 30, 1937 ............. 10,118.6

June 30, 1938 ............. 10,9.'52.8

June 30, 1939... . ....... 11,215.4

June 30, 1940.

. .11,907.7

.June 30, 1941 .............. 13,212..'5

.June 30, 1942..

. ... 13,223.7

J unc 30, 1943. .

. ... 13,968.6

June 30, 1944...

. ... 13,995.3

June 30, 194.!J...

. .14,003.2

June 30, 1H46.

. ....... 13,808.2

June 30, 1947....

. ... 14,285.4

.June 30, 1948.

. ... 14,385..'5

June 30, 1949....

. ... 14,876.8

June 30, 19.50 .............. 15,201.9

June 30, 1951..

. ... 1.'5,17.'5.6

June 30, 1952... . ....... 1.5,228.9

.June 30, 1!)53... . ....... 1.5,097.8

June 30, 1!)54 .............. 1.'5,121.:3

.June 30, 19.55...

. .... _l;j, Ill..'>

.June 30, 1!)7)().... . ..... 15,130.4

June 30, 19.'57 .............. 15,184.0

.June 30, 19.'58..... . ..... 1.'5,207.0

.June 30, 195\J...

. ..... l.!J,697.7

June 30, 1960 .............. 15,!);j9.2

58

Twenty-Eighth Report, State Highway Department of Georgia

MILEAGE OF STATE HIGHWAY SYSTEM AND COUNTY HOADS BY COUKTIES

June 30, 1960

County
Appling Atkinson Bacon Baker Baldwin BankH Banow Bartow Ben Hill Berrien Bibb Bleckley Brantley Brooks Bryan Bulloch Burke Butts Calhoun Camden Candler Carroll Catoosa Charlton Chatham Chattahoochee Chattooga Cherokee Clarke Clay Clayton Clinch Cobb Coffee

Certified State
Highway System ill ileage
128.05 92.02 (i8.!l5 77.73 84.20 94.82 8-.:39
129.35 77.7:3 117.G3 103.34 75.41 9().84 115.36 74.00 154.00 197.57 55.32 98.:35 106.6;) 59.07 154.-1:3 58.37 113.88 97.02 37.90 50.84 106.72 46.2(\ 4G.12 81.88 144.49 130.91 181.92

County Road System Mileage
799.86 426.71 498.66 299.09 31 6..')() 386.20 327.42 70(1.:3:3 33G.76 658.83 394.'17 295.14 427.99 627.0G 218 ..50 1 ,OG9.86 1,016.69 306.69 281.24 231.02 389.33 1,033.00 261. 7G 216.63 294.02
58.63 457.98 725.54 230.17 182.03 341.51 463.66 979.98 780.34

Total Public Uow/
Mileaae
927.!ll 518.7:3 ;)67.61 37(i.82 400.7() !81.02 411.81 838.(i8 414.49
77ti.4G
497.81 :370.55 524.83 742.42 292.Ei0 1,223.86 1,214.26 :362.01 :379.5!) 337.67 448.40 1 '187.4:3 :320.13 330.51 391.04
96 ..53 508.82 832.2(i 276.4:3 228.15 423.39 608.15 1,110.89 962.26

Twenty-Eighth Report, Stale Hi(fhway Department of Georgia

5\:1

MILEAGE OF STATE HIGHWAY SYSTEJ\1 AND COUNTY ROADS BY COLTNTIER

June 30, 1960

Connty
Colquitt Columbia Cook Coweta Crawford Crisp Dade Dawson Decatur DeKalb Dodge Dooly Dougherty Douglas Early Echols Effingham Elbert Emanuel Evans Fannin Fayette Floyd Forsyth Franklin Fulton Gilmer Glascock Glynn Gordon Grady Greene Gwinnett Habersham

Certzjied State
Hi(fhway System Jfileaye
136.74 90.48 48.53 106.64 70.01 82.00 79.38 91.41 230.52 139.29 149.05 114.81 108.59 64.52 125.50 87.49 95.72 92.24 203.37 71.12 94.58 87 ..58 109.02 75.89 122.51 244.96 76.04 40.65 101.60 102.72 139.46 82.85 159.48 92.8.5

County Road System M ileaye
834.11 326.06 422.18 660.76 337.10 526.39 203.51 235.03 579.67 760.44 733.37 629.07 275.03 373.32 566.31 219.37 454.78 621.11 863.76 241.39 362.33 361.28 713.23 430.48 508.28 1,347.23 423.14 192.39 247.31 544.20 594.91 410.43 963.80 417.26

Total Public Road
Mileage
970.85 416.54 470.71 767.40 407.11 608.39 282.89 326.44 810.19 899.73 882.42 743.88 383.62 437.84 691.81 306.86 550.50 713.3.5 1,067.13 312.51 456.91 448.86 822.25 .'506.37 630.79 1,.592.19 499.18 233.04 348.91 646.92 734.37 493.28 1,123.28 010.11

liO

Twenly-Eiyhth Report, Stale Highway IJeparlmenl of Georuia

l\IILEAUE OF STATE HIGHWAY SYRTK:.VI A~D COl-NTY IWADR BY C'OU::\TIES

June 30, 1960

County
Hall Hancock Hamlson Harris Hart Heard He my Houston Irwin Jackson .Jasper .Jeff Davis .Jefferson .Jenkins Johnson .Jones Lamar Lanier Laurens Lcc Liberty Lincoln Long Lowndes Lumpkin ::VIc Duffie :\Icintosh :\I aeon Madison :\I arion :\hriwether :\1illcr :\Iitehcll l\Ionroe

CerliJied State
Highwa!l System J!ilmye
162.97 80.01 75.08 132.87 85.60 71.20 101.91 120.87 76.Hl 110.83 139.74 78.9.'i 165.33 80.97 85.55 87.15 52.28 96.57 184.84 75.21 65.36 80.73 66.70 141.21 85.57 69.70 73.64 1.54.16 111.88 83.93 138.16 57.25 178.35 141.45

County Road System J1l ileage
809.02 446.84 554.20 487.18 563.72 401.87 635.50 385.14 472.58 617.57 409.31) 479.22 .594.91 400.05 426.58 :387.53 32:3.88 206 ..58 1,110.73 :371.22 192.36 213.33 2o:3.62 739.89 318.29 312.00 142.86 433.91 587.00 358.66 722.9fl 40fl.2G ()41.31 414.0()

Total l'ul>lic Road
Jll1'leaoe
n7I.99 526.85 629.28 620.05 649.32 473.07 737.41 506.01 548.77 728.40 549.0!) 558.17 760.24 481.02 512.13 474.68 :376.16 303.15 1,295.57 446.43 257.72 294.06 270.32 881.10 403.86 381.70 216 .50 588.07 698.88 442.59 861.15 466.51 819.66 .555.51

Twwty-Eighth Report, Stare Highway Department of Gmruia

61

JVIILEAC;E OF STATE HIC:HWAY SYSTEM AKD COC!'\TY HOADS BY COFNTIES

June 30, 1960

County
l\Tontgonwry l\Torgan Murray
:vi uscogee
Newton Oconee Oglethorpe Paulding Peach Pickens Pierce Pike Polk Pulaski Putnam Quitman Hahun Handolph Hichmond Hock dale Schley Screven Seminole Spalding Stephens Stewart Sumter Talbot Taliaferro Tattnall Taylor Telfair Terrell Thomas

Certijied Stale
Highway System Mileage
74.80 69.53 100.10 88.04 114.57 .57.78 77.09 94.09 47.28 77.37 75.22 54.14 71.92 113.23 93.5fi 35.33 67.13 85.36 101.35 53.21 57.88 123.48 69.28 56.66 73.22 62.86 169.52 114.46 .52.22 163.30 145.98 154.99 92.76 174.21

County Road System J[ileage
339.76 438.77 376.83 294.89 424.64 269.33 553.62 546.99 211.32 379.07 510.60 371.23 544.35 241.23 295.13 139.17 303.45 410.43 429.86 238.76 206.13 624.18 305.47 426.22 348.01 336.11 .512.74 :324.04 173.30 732.67 403.83 442.14 412.48 (H0.78

Total l'ublic Road
;11 ileage
414.56 508.30 476.93 382.93 539.21 327.11 630.71 641.08 258.60 456.44 585.82 425.37 616.27 354.46 388.68 174 .50 370.58 495.79 531.21 291.97 264.01 747.66 374.75 482.88 421.23 398.97 682.26 438 ..50 22.5.52 89.5.97 549.81 597.13 505.24 784.99

62

Twenty-Eighth Report, tale Highway Department of Georgia

At th e Flint R i1:e1 c?ossing of tate Rou te 86, between w oodlcmrl and 'l'hm,wston, anoth ?' of Geo?giet's old ctncl1Jictu?esque cove1ed b1idges has been ?'ep letc cl by mocle1n constntction. F'ede?etl-cdcl econdary Prnj ert S-07fj2 (9), T al!Jot-
]JSOn onnties.

Twenty-Eighth Reporl, State Highway Department of Georgia

63

MILEAGE OF STATE HIGHWAY SYSTEM AND COUNTY ROADS BY COUNTIES

June 30, 1960

County
Tift Toombs Towns Treutlen Troup Turner Twiggs Union Upson Walker Walton Ware Warren Washington Wayne Webster Wheeler White Whitfield Wilcox Wilkes Wilkinson Worth
Total

Certified State
Highway System Mileage
92.18 137.96 53.60 88.41 139.67 92.96
78.09 85.89 74.60 127.34 101.80 134.49 88.60 151.97 105.03 51.42 84.56 73.81 76.11 113.96 94.49 123.62 155.37 ----
15,959.17

County Road System Mileage
522.04 487.98 123.86 295.89 524.37 435.28 315.28 378.62 433.53 598.05 623.73 612.89 329.25 765.82 687.99 226.06 350.70 297.99 500.91 490.66 437.65 360.29 787.26
72,958.53

Total Public Road
Mileage
614.22 625.94 177.46 384.30 664.04 528.24 393.37 464.51 508.13 725.39 725.53 747.38 417.85 917.79 793.02 277.48 435.26 371.80 577.02 604.62 532.14 483.91 942.63 ----
88,917.70

County Road System Mileage includes roads in National Forests, State Parks, and State Reservations.

64

'l'wenty- Eighlh R port, Stale H ighway Depmlm nt of G,<Jrgia

Timbe? b1idge over Ha1dage F o1d C1eek, on a Post R oad, was qeplacecl with steel and conc1ete, ttnde1 a count11 contract. P1oject PR 3579 (1), M a?ion
County.

Twenty-Eight(Report, State Highuay Department of Georgia

65

Measurement and Record
of Public Roads
Act No. 56 of the General Assembly, approved February 5, 1951, provides that the State Highway Department shall keep a record as accurate and up-to-date as is reasonably possible of all roads and bridges in the State. This record shall include the mileage of all roads and bridges on the various county road systems that are being maintained by the counties and the mileage of all roads and bridges which are a part of the State Highway System and are being maintained by the State Highway Department. The record shall show the mileage of roads in each county that is paved and unpaved, and such other information as to the condition, status, type and use as deemed necessary for sound long-range planning of construction and maintenance.
Measurement of Roads
The Act authorized the State Highway Board to employ personnel to go into the counties to inspect and measure the public roads and gather the information necessary for the compilation of the above records. The Highway Board directed the Division of Highway Planning to maintain the required records and to make the measurement of public roads in each county. The work was completed in all counties in 1954.
The legislative Act provides that not more than every four years the county road authorities may request an official inspection and measurement of the roads in the county, under the uniform rules and regulations of the Highway Department. Such re-measurement has been made in 57 counties during this biennium and in a total of 130 counties since 1954.

66

Twenty-Eighth Report, State Highway Department of Georgia

HIGHWAY USE OF MOTOR FUEL IN GEORGIA 1935- 1959

1-400- - -- - - - - -

------=~1400

12001-----
"001---- -------
11-----------~--- - - - - BOO 1------ - - - -
-----------

~ 5001-------
j
i

A tabulation of the motor fuel used for highway purposes is presented on the opposite page.

Twenty-Eighth Report, State Highway Department of Georgia

67

HIGHWAY USE OF MOTOR FUEL IN GEORGIA

1925- 1959

Year

Thousand Gallons

1925................. 133,548 1926. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154,976 1927. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183,896 1928................. 197,106 1929 ................. 209,794 1930. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213,089 1931................. 211,767 1932. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190,592 1933. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202,196 1934................. 229,447 1935. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254,609 1936. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287,284 1937........... . . . . . . 312,468 1938................. 319,246 1939. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 339,877 1940. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 374,300 1941................. 406,781 1942. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 324,259 1943 ................. 282,739 1944................. 314,692 1945 ................. 367,726 1946................. 495,202 1947. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 540,087 1948................. 579,048 1949. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 629,271 1950 ................. 706,796 1951. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 778,131 1952 ................. 877,130 1953. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 913,975 1954........ . . . . . . . . . 959,358 1955 ................. 1,053,372 1956 ................. 1,124,187 1957 ................. 1,161,457 1958 ................. 1,215,791 1959 ................. 1,283,230

MOTOR-VEHICLE REGISTRATIONS IN GEORGIA 1925- 1959

1!500 , - - - - - - -

-----------

1400 r - - - - - - -

1300 1 - - - - - - - - - -
1200 r - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1100 r - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1000 r - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
900 r-----------=----
[1] AUTOMOBILES
=""==-- 800 1----------'='D--'-r=uc=----=-

TOO f - - - - - - - - - -

600 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - j

500 1 - - - - - - -

~
00
1500

1400

"'l

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200

Twenty-Eighth Report, State:Highway Department of Georgia

69

MOTOR-VEHICLE REGISTRATIONS IN GEORGIA

1910- 1959

(Publicly-owned vehicles-not included for years prior to 1925)

Year

Automobiles

1910 ............ 1911 ............ 1912 . . . . . . . . . . . . 1913 . . . . . . . . . . . . 1914 ............ 1915 . . . . . . . . . . . . 1916 ............ 1917 ............ 1918 . . . . . . . . . . . . 1919 . . . . . . . . . . . . 1920 ............ 1921 ............ 1922 ............ 1923 ............ 1924 ............ 1925 ............ 1926 ............ 1927 ............ 1928 ............ 1929 ............ 1930 ............ 1931. ........... 1932 ............ 1933 . . . . . . . . . . . . 1934 ............ 1935 ............ 1936 ............ 1937 ............ 1938 ............ 1939 . . . . . . . . . . . . 1940 ............ 1941. ........... 1942 . . . . . . . . . . . . 1943 ............ 1944 ............ 1945 ............

4,400 5,870 12,950 16,480 20,115 24,000 44,025 66,824 99,676 127,000 134,000 118,476 126,498 151,420 181,413 218,271 242,691 263,404 278,673 311,255 295,373 275,502 246,694 280,047 315,764 327,120 336,968 362,311 358,124 386,477 413,541 461,815 444,878 421,497 425,196 420,046

Busses
2,155 2,067 2,161 2,631 2,612 2,717 3,731 4,045 4,150 3,775 4,335 4,484

Trucks
90 190 620 710 800 1,000 2,000 3,500 5,000 10,000 12,000 13,500 16,925 22,469 26,275 32,278 37,378 39,946 42,981 50,821 49,510 48,758 45,035 54,691 64,243 70,129 77,130 83,292 77,736 87,310 93,156 100,352 97,240 94,513 98,684 106,242

Total
4,490 6,060 13,570 17,190 20,915 25,000 46,025 70,324 104,676 137,000 146,000 131,976 143,423 173,889 207,688 250,549 280,069 303,350 321,654 362,076 344,883 324,260 291,729 334,738 382,162 399,316 416,259 448,234 438,472 476,504 510,428 566,212 546,268 519,785 528,215 530,772

l nte?stnte Rou.te 75 mosses over U. S . Route 41 at an interchange on the no1th side of T ifton. Project TN-401-1 ( 2) . Ct. 2, Ti ft County

'l'wenly-Eighlh R eport, Stale Highway Department of Georgia

71

NIOTOR-YEHI LE R EGI TRATION I GEORGIA

1910 - 1959

(Pub]jcly-owned vehi cle no t included for year prior to 1925)

r ear

A ulomobiles

1946 ........... . 451 ,626 1947 . . . . . . . . . . . . 501 ,401 194 . . . . . . . . . . . . 542,4 0 1949 ............ 605,97 1950. . . . . . . . . . . . 693, 21 1951 . . . . . . . . . . . . 754,040 1952 ............ 00,463 1953 ............ 848,514 1954 .. . . . . . . . . . . 894,392 1955 ..... . .. . . .. 9 8,079 1956 . . .......... 1 017,3 3 1957 ....... . . . .. 1,056,708 195 ............ 1,079,762 1959 ...... . .... . 1,154,425

B usses
4,7 2 5,0 5,052 5,188 5,475 5,643 6,170 6,314 6,4 7 6,566 6,861 6,71 4 6,811 7,21

T rucks
126,592 151 817 168,755 1 1,225 198,222 209,484 215 0 9 226,575 232,649 244,2 73 249, 019 256, 66 261 ,830 274,216

Tota l
583,000 658,306 716,2 7 792,391
97,51 969,167 1,021 ,722 1,081 ,4 03 1, 133 ,5 2 1,238,91 1,273,263 1,3 20 ,2 1,348,403 1,435,859

l n Buffalo w am7J, on State R oute 32, between Thctlnwnn and Ste1ling, eight timbe1 bridg es we1e r eplaced with five concrete b1'iclges and two conc1ete bridge rulve1ts. Stctte Bridg e Bui lclin,Q Autho1ity P1oject BA (4) S P 1583-C (3) ,
Glynn County.

72

Twenty-Eighth R eport, State Highway Department of Georgia

Top, old, tirnbe1 bridge over Ossahatchie C1eek, in Ha1TiS County, w hich was repla ed with b1-idge shown at bottom. Geo1gia Rural Roads Authority P1ojcct
5-RR-PR 8038 (1), ection 2, Ct. 2.

Twenty-Eighth Report, State Highway Department of Georgia

73

Georgia Rural Roads Authority
The Georgia Rural Roads Authority was created by an Act of the General Assembly, approved February 8, 1955, as a body corporate and politic and an instrumentality and public corporation of the State of Georgia. The purpose of the Authority is to construct rural roads not on the State Highway System by means of long-term revenue bond financing.
Membership
The original Act provided that the Authority should consist of a member of the State Highway Board to be designated by the Governor and four additional members to be appointed by the Governor with the advice and consent of the Senate. An amendment approved February 3, 1959, provides that the Authority shall consist of the same membership as the State Highway Board and that the members of the State Highway Board shall be ex-officio the members of the Authority as a separate and distinct duty, for which they shall receive no additional compensation. However, they are entitled to actual expenses necessarily incurred while in the performance of their duties on behalf of the Authority. The members of the Authority as of June 30, 1960, are Jim L. Gillis, Sr., Chairman, Robert H. Jordan and Willis N. Harden. Benton Odom is Secretary and Treasurer.
Projects
The right-of-way for projects of the Georgia Rural Roads Authority is obtained by the county in which the project is located, and the Authority is given a deed to the land. The State Highway Department makes the surveys, prepares the plans and specifications, and furnishes engineering and construction supervision for projects of the Rural Roads Authority, and is reimbursed by the Authority for the costs involved up to 10 per cent. The construction is performed under contracts let by competitive bids, except that a contract may be made with a county or other political subdivision, upon agreed terms and without bids, but the unit prices shall not exceed the average of the unit prices submitted in the immediately preceding 60 days by competitive bidders for similar construction to the Highway Department or the Authority, whichever is less.

74

Twenty-Eiqhth Report, State Highway Department of Georgia

Bonds
The Authority is authorized to issue negotiable bonds in a sum not to exceed $100 million outstanding at any one time for the purpose of paying the cost of constructing rural roads and bridges, but this amount shall not exceed $30 million unless authorized by the Governor. The bonds and the income thereof are exempt from all taxation within the State. The Act provides that the bonds shall not be deemed to constitute a debt of the State of Georgia or a pledge of the credit of the State, but shall be payable solely from the rental to be paid for the use of the projects by the State Highway Department, as outlined below. An amendment to the State Constitution, ratified in November 1960, provides that the General Assembly shall include in each General Appropriation Act sums sufficient to satisfy the payments required to be made in each year under the lease contracts. Bonds have been issued and delivered as shown below.

BONDS ISSUED BY RURAL ROADS AUTHORITY

Date

Amount

December 21, 1955 .......................... $ 14,500,000 July 12, 1956. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,500,000 February 14, 1957........................... 17,500,000 August 28, 1957............................. 17,500,000 February 18, 1958........................... 17,500,000 July 1, 1958. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,000,000
Total ...................................... $103,500,000

Bonds have been retired in the amount of $11,938,000 so that the amount of bonds outstanding as of June 30, 1960 was $91,562,000.
Rentals
The roads constructed by the Georgia Rural Roads Authority are leased to the State Highway Department for a term not in excess of 50 years. The rental payments are used to retire the bonds, to pay the administrative and operating expenses of the Authority, and to reimburse the Highway Department for any funds expended for the Authority. Upon retirement of the bonds, the rentals shall cease and the roads shall be maintained as a part of the public road system of the counties in which the roads are located. The roads are also main-

'Twenty-Eighth Report, State Highway Department of Georgia

75

tained by the respective counties during the term of the leases under maintenance agreements executed prior to construction.

Contracts A warded
During this biennium, the Rural Roads Authority awarded contracts for the construction of 56 bridges and 1,727 miles of roadway improvements, at a total cost of over $25 million. The following tabulation gives information as to the contracts let since the beginning of operations by the Authority to June 30, 1960.

CONTRACTS AWARDED BY RURAL ROADS AUTHORITY

Fiscal Year Ending June 30
1956 1957 1958 1959 1960
Total

Number of
Bridges
25 30 59 35 21
--
170

Grading (Miles)
86 595 571 313
82
---
1,647

Bituminous Surfacing
(Miles)
1,352 811
1,136 956 377
---
4,632

Amount

I

of

Contracts

$16,121,381.18

16,270,514.36

24,823,007.21

17,920,840.72

7,082,995.37

-------

$82,218,738.84

In R incon, a substandard, timbe1 b1-idge ove1 the Seaboand Ai1 Line Railroad ( top) was 'replaced with the all-conmete structu1e shown at bottom. tate B1-idge Building Auth01ity P1oject BA (4) SP 888-A (9), Effinglu.Mn County.

Twenty-Eighth Report, State Highway Departmen(of Georgia

77

State Bridge Building Authority
The State Bridge Building Authority >vas created by an Act of the General Assembly, approved March 25, 1953, as a body corporate and politic which shall be deemed to be an instrumentality of the State of Georgia and a public corporation.
Purpose
The preamble to the Act set forth the purpose of the Authority as follows:
"Whereas, it is necessary to provide additional bridges of durable and lasting construction within the highway system of the State and to replace many substandard and worn out bridges within the highway system of the State which are hazards to traffic and which presently require a large annual maintenance expenditure, and
"Whereas, it is advisable to authorize the financing in whole or in part of the construction of such bridges without creating any debt of the State, by the issuance of revenue bonds of the Authority for that purpose."
Membership
The original Act provided that the Authority should consist of three members, one of whom should be the Chairman of the State Highway Board, and two other members to be appointed by the Governor. An amendment approved February 3, 1959, provides that the Authority shall consist of the same membership as the State Highway Board and that the members of the State Highway Board shall be ex-officio the members of the Authority as a separate and distinct duty, for which they shall receive no additional compensation. However, they are entitled to actual expenses necessarily incurred while in the performance of their duties on behalf of the Authority. The members of the Authority as of June 30, 1960, are Jim L. Gillis, Sr., Chairman, Robert H. Jordan and Willis N. Harden. Benton Odom is Secretary of the Authority.
Revenue Bonds
The State Bridge Building Authority was granted the power to issue negotiable revenue bonds in a sum not to exceed $30 million outstanding at any one time for the purpose of paying for the cost of construction

78

Twenty-Eighth Report, State Highway Department of Georgia

of bridges and approaches thereto. During 1953 and 1954, bonds in the total amount of $30,635,000 were issued. A portion of these had been retired and in November 1958 additional bonds in the amount of $6,200,000 were sold. As of June 30, 1960, the outstanding bonds amounted to $25,129,000.
The bonds and interest therefrom are exempt from taxation by the State of Georgia. The bonds are not deemed to constitute a debt of the State of Georgia, but are payable solely from the fund created by the rental of the bridges. An amendment to the State Constitution, ratified in November 1960, provides that the General Assembly shall include in each General Appropriation Act sums sufficient to satisfy the payments required to be made in each year under the lease contracts.

Lease of Bridges
The bridges constructed by the Authority are leased to the State Highway Department for terms not exceeding 50 years, and a separate Act of the General Assembly authorizes the State Highway Board to enter into lease contracts with the Authority, provided that the total of such lease rentals contracted to be paid at any time shall never exceed $2.5 million per year.

Contracts A warded
During the two-year period from July 1, 1958 to June 30, 1960, the State Bridge Building Authority awarded contracts for the construction of 104 bridges, 2.818 miles in length, and the necessary approaches, at a total cost of $5,349,673.

Twenty-Eighth Report, State Highway Department of Georgia

79

State Toll Bridge Authority
The State Toll Bridge Authority was created by an Act of the General Assembly, approved March 2, 1953, as a body corporate and politic and an instrumentality and public corporation of the State of Geor!!;ia. The purpose of the Authority is to construct bridges on the State Highway System to be financed by the issuance of revenue bonds of the Authority secured by the revenue to be received from tolls.
Membership
The Act provides that the Authority shall consist of three members, appointed by the Governor. The initial terms were to expire on July 1 of the years 1955, 1957, and 1959, and subsequent terms were to be for a period of six years. The members serve without compensation, but are entitled to reimbursement for their actual expenses incurred in the performance of their duties. Kenneth W. Dunwody of Macon is Chairman of the Authority, and the other members are Robert B. Lee of Leesbur!!; and J. J. McLanahan of Elberton. Benton Odom is Secretary of the Authority.
Projects
The Act provides that the Governor, in his discretion, or upon the recommendation of the State Highway Board, is authorized to call a joint meeting of the Authority and the State Highway Board for the purpose of initiating all projects which may be considered under the authority of the Act.
Tolls
For the purpose of earning sufficient revenues to make possible the financing of the construction of the projects of the Authority with revenue bonds, the Authority is authorized and empowered to collect tolls on each project which it shall cause to be constructed. When the bonds issued for a particular bridge have been paid in full, the tolls shall cease and the bridge shall become a part of the State Highway System and thereafter be maintained by the State Highway Department.
Bonds
The Authority is authorized to issue negotiable reYenue bonds, to mature within 40 years, and to be paid solely from tolls and other

0

Twenty-Eighth Report, State Highway Department of Georgia

revenues from the bridges to be construc ted from t he proceed of the bonds. The bonds and income t hereof are exemp t from a ll taxation within t he tate. The bonds hall not constitute a debt of t he tate of Georgia or a pledo-e of t he fait h and credit of t he tate.
In November 1954, t he State T oll Bridge Au t hority i ued bond s in t he urn of $6,650,000 to defray t he co t of building a bridge over t he Brunswick River (Turtle River) at Brunswick, in Glynn oun ty, which ha been named t he idney Lanier Bridge. It i 4,470 feet,
6V2 inches in length, and was opened to t ra ffi c on June 22, 1956. Thi
t he onl y brido-e to be con tructed by t he Authori ty to date.

Scale-tes ting nnit operated by the Division of Material and T ests.

Twenty-Eighth Report, State Highway Department of Georgia

81

Legal Division
EUGENE COOK, Attorney General CARTER GOODE, Assistant Attorney General W. PAUL MILLER, Assistant Attorney General E. J. SUMMEROUR, Assistant Attorney General DONALD E. PAYTON, Deputy Assistant Attorney General WILLIAM M. MALLET, Deputy Assistant Attorney General
Strictly speaking, the Legal Division is not a part of the State Highway Department, as the employees of this division are on the payroll of the State Law Department and are appointed by and responsible to the Attorney General. The Attorney General is charged with furnishing legal advice to, and handling the litigation of, all of the State departments. He has assigned these duties to various members of his staff and those listed above have been designated to handle legal matters for the State Highway Department.
General Litigation
During this biennium, many important cases have been tried in the trial courts and appealed to the Court of Appeals, the Supreme Court, or both. At the beginning of this period, 10 injunction cases were on hand; 16 additional injunction cases were filed and 15 injunction suits were disposed of during the first year. During the year ending June 30, 1960, 15 injunction cases were filed against or by the State Highway Department and 10 of these have been disposed of, leaving 16 cases still pending.
Twelve damage suits were pending July 1, 1958 and 20 were filed during the first year covered by this report and 17 more during the second year. Five damage suits were disposed of during the first year and 21 during the second year, leaving 23 pending on June 30, 1960.
Cases of other types included four pending on July 1, 1958, 12 filed in the first year of this period and eight during the second year. Seven cases were disposed of during each of the two years, leaving 10 pending on June 30, 1960.
During this biennium, condemnation cases handled by county attorneys which required the personal attention of attorneys in the State Law Department consisted of 17 pending on July 1, 1958, seven filed during the first year and 11 during the second year. Seven condemna-

82

Twenty-Eighth Report, State Highway Department of Georgia

tion cases were disposed of during the year ending; June 30, 1959 and 15 were disposed of during the next year.
A summary of the cases mentioned above shows that a total of 43 cases \Vere in litigation at the beginning of the period, 107 cases \Yere filed during the two years, 89 cases were disposed of, and 61litigations were pending on June 30, 1960. These litigations were scattered through the State.
Files are maintained and vigilant attention is given to condemnation suits filed in the United States courts against lands in \vhich the State Highway Department of Georgia, or some other branch of the State government, might have an interest. In most instances, this involves the acquisition by the United States of lake basins for the Walter F. George Lock and Dam, the Hartwell Dam, etc. In most of these cases, procedure is worked out in advance with the U. S. Corps of Engineers for payment by the Federal Government for inundated roads, usually measured by the cost of replacement roads and bridges. However, on occasion, some pleading is filed in one of these condemnation cases vYhich requires a counter plea to protect the State's interest.
Right-of-Way Acquisition
Under Georgia law the counties are primarily responsible for obtaining right-of-way for roads on the State Highway System, as well as for Federal-aid projects. This responsibility of the county extends to payment for the land itself and all expenses of condemnation, where the acquisition must be so made. However, this same law authorizes the State Highway Department to reimburse the county, in whole or in part, for all such expenses, except that it has been ruled that payment of attorney's fees to attorneys employed by the county would violate Code Section 40-1614. The procedure being followed for acquisition of right-of-way on the various classes of projects is outlined in a later section of this report under the Division of Rightof-Way.
Because it has developed that acquisition costs on some of the most important Federal-aid Interstate and Primary projects have been very high, it has been necessary for the Legal Division to maintain a reasonably close supervision over the county or city attorneys actually performing the work; and to intervene, as well as to advise, in many important cases. There is no way to arrive at an accurate count of the number of condemnation cases filed by city and county attorneys, in which the Legal Division has an interest, but the number is in the hundreds.

Twenty-Eighth Report, State Highway Department of Georgia

83

Very recently, improved techniques for trial and preparation for trial of condemnation cases have been developed and tested extensively in one South Georgia county with very great success.

Appellate Litigation
In the foregoing analysis of litigation, particular attention has been paid to litigation at the trial court level. But it has developed that this unit of the legal staff has carried the heaviest load of appellate litigation ever carried by any unit of the State Law Department. Members of this staff have argued and/or submitted briefs and/or made motions for rehearing and/or applied for the writ of certiorari in the appellate courts in 40 cases in the Court of Appeals and 21 cases in the Supreme Court during this two-year period.
Several of these cases were of great importance. The Woodside case (Woodside et al v. City of Atlanta, 214 Ga. 75) had the most far-reaching effects. This case required changes in established litigation policies followed not only by the State Highway Department but by every other condemner of land prior to that time. Some 30 or 40 cases from the trial courts, a part of which had already reached the Court of Appeals, were governed adversely to State Highway Department interests by this decision. Efforts have even been made to revive eight old condemnation cases, which were dismissed more than three years ago, as a result of this decision. Recent decisions of the Supreme Court, however, have restricted the broad effects of the Woodside case.
Contract Negotiation
During this biennium, the members of the legal staff have participated in important negotiations with the Bureau of Public Roads, with the Corps of Engineers of the United States Army, with representatives of the Highway Departments of other States, and with other agencies with respect to the accomplishment of cooperative programs for road improvement or for the replacement of roads inundated by the construction of dams. Such negotiations are frequently long drawn out and involve large sums of money and must be handled with great care.
Miscellaneous
This unit is charged with many other duties, the most important of which perhaps is the giving of oral advice, informal opinions, and, through the Attorney General, the giving of formal opinions to mem-

84

Twenty-Eighth Report, State Highway Department of Georgia

hers of the Highway Board and members of the engineering staff of the Highway Department.
Considerable emphasis has been placed on the removal of encroachments on the State Highway rights-of-way, and obviously many legal problems are presented in the removal of such encroachments.
Reports of accidents involving State Highway property or vehicles are received and reviewed by this division, so that if this unit is to defend suits and/or participate in the investigation of claims and collect damages, it will have the facts early.
Other duties include the handling of garnishments to hold up the wages or salaries of Highway Department employees; the procurement of title insurance on land purchased for the location of maintenance barns, etc.

Twenty-Eighth Report, State Highway Department of Georgia

85

Division of Public Relations
SAM CALDWELL
Director of Public Relations
The Division of Public Relations was established in the fall of 1956 to assist statewide news media in keeping the public informed on the status of Georgia's ever-expanding highway construction program. The Director of Public Relations reports to the State Highway Engineer and to the State Highway Board. His staff includes an assistant, and the necessary secretarial personnel. The division makes use of newspapers, radio and television, speeches and slide-illustrated lectures to report the Highway Department's activities to the general public.
Press Relations
The Division of Public Relations provides liaison between the members of the press and the engineers within the Highway Department. Formerly, many engineers were reluctant to talk to newsmen for fear of being drawn into controversial issues, or of being misunderstood and misquoted. The Division of Public Relations has largely overcome this attitude; assisting the newsmen in getting complete information in less technical language, and at the same time serving the best interests of the engineers by acquainting the newsmen with the engineers' complex problems, and reminding them of their politically neutral, career status.
Realizing that any effort to withhold information on any matter of public interest arouses suspicion and criticism and is detrimental to good relations with the press, this division has endeavored to maintain an "open door" policy on all official highway matters. This policy has proved to be effective, and has the full support of both the State Highway Board and the Department's career personnel.
Newspapers
News releases on matters of statewide interest are prepared by this division, reproduced in quantity, and mailed to every daily and weekly newspaper in the State. Also, local releases are prepared for particular newspapers on matters of interest chiefly in their circulation

86

Twenty-Eighth R eport, State H ghway Department of Geo1gia

Geo?gict's {i1st Jnte1 tate 1o1tte ma1ke1 was unveiled by Gove1no1 Vandiver at dedication ce1enwnies f01 97 miles of Jnte1state Highway 75, in T ift and
Tu1-ne1 Counties, Octobe1 9, 1959. L eft to 1ight: M1s . No1a L . mith. Edito1 of the Wiregrass Farmer, of Ashbu?"?t; H ighway Boa1d Membe1 Rob e1t H.
J o1dan; Gove1-no1 . Ernest Vandiver; and Highway Boa1d Chai1"1nan Jim L. Gillis, Sr.

Twenty-Eighth Report, State Highway Department of Georgia

87

areas, such as area traffic surveys, road work under way or to be initiated, or special information on highway personnel or installations in their area. Quite often, newspaper editors write or call requesting news stories on specific matters in their areas, and the desired information, story, photographs or maps are mailed to them. A statewide release is prepared before and after each contract letting, giving the location and description of each road project involved.

Radio and Television
There is no regularly scheduled program by the Highway Department on radio or television. However, these media are used extensively in reporting highway activities. All major news releases are sent to the State's radio and television stations, as well as to the newspapers, and requests from representatives of these media for information on specific matters are dealt with in the same way as those from the press.
Frequently, this division arranges interviews with the members of the Highway Board and the State Highway Engineer for radio and television newscasters, assisting in the preparation of the necessary scripts and securing any desired photographs or maps for television presentation. Sometimes, tape recordings are made on important events and mailed to radio stations.

Slt"de Lecture Program
In order to provide a means of direct contact between the Highway Department and the general public, this division has developed a somewhat standard lecture, illustrated with color slides, for presentation to any group requesting a program on highway matters. This lecture, which covers the Interstate Highway program in Georgia, together with a brief survey of the many facets of modern road building, is relatively flexible as to content, time, and major focus of interest. Unlike a motion picture, this program readily lends itself to modification and revision without excessive effort or expense, and seems considerably more conducive to questions and discussion on the part of the audience. It has met with favorable comment from civic, fraternal, church, and business groups throughout the State. On occasion, this division also provides, or arranges for, a speaker on any specific highway or highway-related topic at the request of public organizations.

88

Twenty-Eighth Report, State Highway Department of Georgia

Special Activities
From time to time, this division undertakes some special project designed to increase the interest and knowledge of the press and the general public regarding some specific highway activity. Such projects include editors' meetings, road dedication ceremonies, and exhibits. A typical editors' meeting was held in Tifton in October of 1958 when some 15 editors from South Georgia counties affected by Interstate Route 75 were briefed on the Interstate program by several leading Highway Department personnel. It is planned to hold similar meetings in other areas as the Interstate routes begin to reach out across the State.
In October of 1959, this division organized and directed the largest road dedication ceremonies in Georgia's history. Governor Yandiver unveiled the State's first Interstate route marker at the northern end of a 37-mile segment of Interstate Route 75 extending through Turner and Tift counties, and a large motorcade traveled down the new route to a barbecue, sponsored by the Tift County and Tifton City Commissioners, at the Tifton Farmers' Market. This dedication was attended by hundreds of area citizens and many city and county officials, and by news media officials from all over the State. It was given extensive coverage by all media, with at least 70 papers featuring a 3-column photograph of Governor Vandiver, Board Chairman Gillis, and Board Member Jordan standing beside the new Interstate shield. In addition to the many news stories, several papers reacted with favorable editorial comment on the Highway Department and the Interstate System.
Early in 1960, this division presented an exhibit in the Atlanta Public Library, featuring a model of the Capitol Avenue and Memorial Drive Interchange of the Atlanta Expressway, a map of the National System of Interstate and Defense Highways, and a model concrete paving train. Following several weeks in the library, the major portion of this exhibit was displayed for two weeks in the lobby of one of Atlanta's leading banks. The models and photographs used in this display were prepared by Highway Department personnel.

Twenty-Eighth Report, State Highway Department of Georgia

89

Personnel Division
JOHN C. LEWIS
Personnel Administrator and Compensation Claims Executive
The Personnel Division receives and analyzes applications for employment, interviews applicants, and cooperates with the division heads in the selection and assignment of qualified personnel, including engineers, technical, accounting and clerical workers.
The employment of all personnel and changes in salary, promotions, transfers, etc., are authorized by the State Highway Board, and the Personnel Division prepares or processes the necessary documents for submission to the Board. This division maintains files containing pertinent information concerning each employee, which is made available to the Board in connection with advancement of employees.
State Merit System
The Highway Department has been operating under the State Merit System of Personnel Administration since August 10, 1949. About half of the employees are in positions covered by the Merit System, including engineers, draftsmen, instrumentmen, inspectors, laboratory technicians, accounting and clerical personnel. Employees not covered by the Merit System are those assigned to the equipment repair shops, foremen, timekeepers, patrolmen, rodmen, chainmen, equipment operators, laborers, and other miscellaneous nontechnical workers.
The Personnel Division maintains liaison with the State Merit System and handles all matters pertaining to the System, such as scheduling of examinations for employees, maintaining uniformity in salary for the different job classifications, submission of the required reports, and all other details to insure compliance with the rules and regulations of the Merit System.
Employees' Retirement System
Since January 1, 1950, employees of the Highway Department who are under the Merit System have been covered by the Employees' Retirement System of Georgia, except those who were employed prior to that date and themselves elected not to become a member of the

90

Twenty-Eighth Report, State Highway Department of Georgia

Retirement System. On July 1, 1953, the Retirement System was extended to cover all employees of the Highway Department, regardless of Merit System status, except those who were employed at that time and preferred not to participate in the retirement plan.
An employee is eligible for retirement at age 60, or after 30 years of service. Retirement is compulsory at the age of 70, except that persons with professional, scientific and/or technical skill who are so certified to the Retirement System by the State Highway Board may continue in their employment.
Since July 1, 1956, all employees of the Highway Department have been covered also by the Old-Age and Survivors Insurance program under the Federal Social Security law, except those who were employed at that time and elected not to participate. All matters pertaining to the Retirement System and the Old-Age and Survivors Insurance program are handled within the Highway Department by the Division of Finance and Audits, which is responsible for keeping the necessary records and submitting the required reports.

In-Service Training Program
A special system of in-service training for civil engineering graduates has been in operation for the past ten years. Under this program, the trainee is transferred from unit to unit on a prearranged schedule and his assignment consists of actual performance of the regular duties of the unit, with full facilities of the unit being made available. In this manner, he is enabled to acquire a thorough working knowledge of the details of each phase of the work. A number of these engineers have completed the three-year training program and are holding responsible positions in the Department. While in training the engineers are given the title of Junior Highway Engineer and 52 were enrolled in this program as of June 30, 1960.

Cooperative Plan of Employment
The Highway Department also has in effect the cooperative plan for college students, whereby civil engineering students work with the Highway Department for three months and attend school three months, continuing through the Junior school year. This program gives the trainee an opportunity, while attending school, to coordinate engineering principles as taught with the principles of actual highway design, construction and maintenance, thereby qualifying him for a more advanced and responsible job when he receives his degree from college. Over a period of years, the Highway Department has ac-

Twenty-Eighth Report, State Highway Department of Georgia

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quired a considerable number of key engineers through the cooperative plan.
In addition to the cooperative plan for civil engineers, the Highway Department participates in a cooperative plan with Southern Technical Institute, for young men who find it necessary to get a technical degree in less time than is required in a full-course engineering school. The plan was started at Southern Technical Institute in the fall of 1957 and 66 students are now enrolled under the cooperative plan and "orking for the Highway Department. This is a very fine program and one that will mean much to the future of both the school and the Highway Department.

Compensation Claims
Employees of the Highway Department who receive personal injury by accident arising out of and in the course of their employment come "ithin the provisions of the Georgia Workmen's Compensation Laws, and the Personnel Division is responsible for handling all matters pertaining to such cases. This division receives reports of all injuries
to employees, investigates the cases, and follows up with such action
as is proper under the provisions of the Workmen's Compensation Act.
The Personnel Administrator and Compensation Claims Executive or the Assistant Compensation Claims Executive represents the Highway Department before the Workmen's Compensation Board in Atlanta, or before a commission of the Board in the county where the accident occurred, and represents the Highway Department through any subsequent court action. He authorizes payment of compensation and medical expenses in accordance with the award of the Compensation Board, and negotiates with attorneys, doctors, hospitals, and courts of law in all questions pertaining to Workmen's Compensation.

AASHO 25-Year Award of Merit
The benefits to be derived by an organization from the long and faithful service of its employees are well known and the State Highway Department is fortunate in having a large number of employees with many years of service. During this biennium 14 employees received recognition in this respect by being presented with the Twenty-Five-Year Award of Merit of the American Association of State Highway Officials. This award, consisting of a certificate and lapel button, is conferred annually by the Association to employees in certain grades, who have had 25 years of service, either continuous

92

Twenty-Eighth Report, State Highway Department of Georgia

or cumulative, in one or more member departments. The member departments are the 50 State highway departments, the Highway Department of Puerto Rico, the District of Columbia Highway Department, and the Bureau of Public Roads. The following employees of the State Highway Department of Georgia received the Association's Twenty-Five-Year Award of Merit during 1959 and 1960:

Ray B. Ansley 0. H. Bass Ralph A. Davis Herman D. Loach Ralph D. McConigly C. L. McMullen Wade H. O'Neal

H. C. Nichols R. B. Patterson, Jr. George Q. Reynolds S. L. Richardson Lawson P. Stapleton Carl A. Waldrup J. E. Walthall

Faithful Service A wards
Faithful Service Awards, consisting of a certificate and button or pin, have been delivered to a large number of employees of the State Highway Department by the Employees' Suggestion and Awards Board. A list of the employees and the years of service is given below. The years of service include employment by any department, bureau, agency, board or commission of the State of Georgia and any service in the Armed Forces of the United States for which the employee has been given credit by the Employees' Retirement System.

Twenty-Eighth Report, State Highway Department of Georgia

93

FAITHFUL SERVICE AWARDS

40-year A wards

30-year Awards (Continued)

Newton, John Thomas Pope, Cadesman Salter, Emory C.
35-year A wards
Abercrombie, W. F. Allgood, WarrenS. Allison, S. P. Barnard, .Joseph A. Branan, Willie Brannon, Alex Brock, Charles G. Brock, John G. Cantrell, Mildred P. Cauthen, Chester A. Edwards, Charles T. Evans, Alvin W. Flynt, Roy A. Gilbert, Clyde A. Horton, \Villiam F. .Jackson, William H. Keever, Leon H. Lawrence, Steve P. Maddox, Robert N. Martin, Rufus R. Mason, Raymon M. Moody, Elvin L. Richardson, John N. Roquemore, Walter Thomason, John H. Verner, Lewis W. Wood, Nan
30-year A wards
Anderson, E. J. Anderson, Harris M. Arnold, Burnice A. Bargeron, Julian A. Beasley, Eugene Bell, Willie M. Boyd, William H. Burleyson, Belton R. Bush, William J. Cargill, GeorgeS., .Jr. Chandler, William H. Clark, Cicero A. Cochran, Howard S. Collins, Charles .J. Collins, James C. Cook, Oscar Young Crews, Jesse C. Curl, William W., .Jr. Daniel, Lee Davidson, Henry A. Dent, Vernon L. DcTreville, A. L. Driskell, Marion G.

Eleam, Harold L. Elliott, William H. Ellis, Edmund W. Eubanks, Luther B. Farley, Dewitt .J. Galbreath, Cuthbert C. Holt, Walter K. House, T. D. Jones, Elizabeth B. Jones, Ralph K. Jones, Smith Keen, John F. Leftwich, Charles W. Lilly, John W. Mangum, Byron B. Marmelstein, C. A. Mauldin, Sydney B. May, Fred A. McLendon, Rawlin A. Mooneyham, William S. Newham, Jenkins .J. Nichols, Frank A. O'Dell, Ernest D. Parker, Lindsey E. Payne, John Posey, Benjamin T. Pound, J. H. Powell, J. A., .Jr. Raines, William B. Reeves, Harry B. Rogers, Joseph R. Rogers, Robert W. Sammons, Willie Amos Self, Harold B. Sewell, Nina F. Slappey, Matthew R. Smith, David A. Smith, Vernon \V., Sr. Stevens, Ralph T. Stockton, Grady A. Sutton, Hershel K. Tupper, Noland Vaughan, .Joseph F. Wheeler, .Joseph D. White, Albert P. Williams, Lawson A. Wolford, George S.
25-year .t1 wards
Addy, William Phillip Alderman, William S. Bagley, William W. Barnes, Charlie Russell Barrett, Robert L. Best, George W., Jr. Biggers, Clarence E. Biggers, Herbert Brinson, Charles E. Brock, H. C.

94

Twenty-Eighth Report, State Highway Department of Georgia

FAITHFUJ, SERVICE AWARDS (Continued)

2/i-year A wards (Continued)

25-year Awards (Continued)

Buffington, William M. Bullington, Arthur Burgamy, A. R. Carney, Howard F. Chitty, Ruth A. Cochran, .James S., .Jr. Crabtree, 0. C. Crews, George Washington Crouch, Thomas A. Crowe, .James M. Curtis, Charles A. Daniel, .James H. Davidson, Emmett .J. Davis, Ralph A. Derrick, William S. Dobbs, Albert Dominy, Carris L. Donnan, Thomas D. Doyle, Raymond .J. Dozier, Eugene R., .Jr. Elder, Harold 0. Elliott, Warren C. Ellis, George F. Etheridge, Eddie Burk Evans, Lonnie Fain, C. S. Farrow, Ottis Felker, F. B. Fordham, Daniel L. Gay, T. S. Gibbs, G. A. Green, Gordon C. Green, Marshall B. Groves, Hugh A. Hamby, Ralph E. Harbin, Clifford L. Hartley, .f. B. Hartley, 0. P. Henderson, William 0. Hensley, Walter Holder, .John H. Holland, Robert M. Humber, .Jesse W., .Jr. .Jackson, .Judson L. .Johnson, Howell H. .Johnson, Mark M. .Johnson, William Clay Kennedy, .James A. Kirkpatrick, Harry L. Lackey, Anderson Lane, Hugh Lightsey, Kenneth V. Loaeh, Herman D. Lott, Dennis A. Lyle, Lee H. Mangham, Charlie W. Mann, I van H. Merritt, Eddie M. Miller, .John C. Moore, .James Alexander

Moore, Tommie \V. Mordecai, Alfred C. Neal, J. H. Newsom, Marion K. Odom, Robert B. O'Neal, Wade II. Parker, Eugene M. Patterson, .J. W. Patterson, R. B., .Tr. Perkins, Clifford Phagan, Fletcher M. Pounds, Carlos A., Sr. Randolph, A. M. Ray, R. G., .Jr. Reese, .Joe Register, Richaru P. Reid, .John S. Reynolds, George Q. Richardson, S. L. Ritch, Robert E. Rivers, .James A., .Jr. Sconyers, George II. Shadburn, M. L. Shull, Edgar M. Shults, George W. Slocumb, Owen Lamar Smith, Clayton P. Smith, Lilly .Jo Smith, Walter R. Sorrells, R. B., .Jr. Spence, Theron D. Stapleton, Lawson P. Stribling, .James Y. Strickland, Arthur .J. Taylor, Maxwell F. Tillman, Robie V. Twiggs, Mercer Venable, Allen L. Waldrup, Carl A. White, Benjamin F. Wilbanks, G. N. Williams, .James Hubert Williams, William M . Willis, Helen L .
Willis, .r. H .
Willingham, Hugh Allen Worthy, Howard G. York, Roy C.
20-ycar A wards
Adams, Herman P. Adams, Wiley H., .Jr. Allred, .John W. Ansley, Ray B. Ash, Ed Bacon, .John 0. Baker, David B. Barfield, Ray

Twent 0-Ei(Jhlh Report, State Highway Department of Georyia

95

FAITHFUL SERVICE AWARDS (Continued)

20-year A wards (Conlinurrl)

20-year Awards (Contin1ted)

Bass, 0. H. Beeland, Sidney R.
Bellew, .Jessie Harold Benton, Harold Moore Blaek, :\"ora Belle Blough, C. E. Blount, Bartow M. Blount, George Green
Bookout, .John J.
Boozer, Roy S. Brady, Thomas
Brooks, Charles H. Brown, .James 0. Browning, R. L. Buffington, Leander .J. Burnside, Eugene H.
Butt, Cecil W. Campbell, Wilbur P. Cannady, Elmo
Carson, .Jim Carter, Edward L.
Carter, George F., Sr. Casey, \Villard C. Cobb, Delmar Frances Colwell, .John R. Cone, Charles B.
Council, Emory B., Jr. Cox, James B., Jr.
Craig, Isaac Monroe Craton, William T. Crump, Garner Dave
Dance, Walter E. Day, Chester
Durden, Joe A. Durham, Ralph A. Durshimer, Arthur H.
Esterwood, William M. Edmond, Charles W.
Ellis, Richard Eve, James H., .Jr.
Farrell, Joseph A. Flanagan, Guyton L. Freeman, Lawrence W.
Gay, Hugh
Gibson, .James E. Gleaton, L. B. Grissett, Wallace A. Hall, R. E. Harbin, Edison
Harris, Ralph Henry Hay, WalterS. Henderson, W. G., .Jr.
Heringdine, Lamar
Hill, David M. Hines, J. E. Hodges, Wilburn C.
Hodges, Willie S. Holder, C. G.
Jeffreys, James B. .Jenkins, Dorothy L.
.Johnson, Calvin B.

.Johnson, .James M.
.Johnson, Stokes Johnson, William T. Jones, George B.
Keaton, .James M., .Jr. Kelley, William Sedger
Kennedy, Edmund M. Kennedy, W. I.
Kight, Leo E. King, Foster P. King, Robert H., Sr.
Lamkin, Randolph, Sr. Larus, Tommy A. Lawrence, Emory L.
Legge, George T. Lewis, Thomas G.
Lockwood, Charles P. Lunsford, William R. Lyle, Bunyan H.
MacDougall, W. W. Macken, William B., Jr. Malone, James F. Mann, E. N. Marshall, Thomas .J. Marshall, Walter F. Maxwell, .James K. Maynard, Marvin .J.
McAuliffe, Rogers D. McConigly, Ralph D.
McConnell, Francis R. McCoy, Hugh D.
McDonald, George T. McGibony, Nile
McMullen, Charles L. McQuaig, Carl H.
McWhorter, William H. Miller, Clifford S. Miller, Wilburn W.
Moore, Ellen P. Moore, Kendrick L.
Murphy, William L. Nash, N. R. Nix, Vernon S. 1\'orrell, Rufus Cornel Olson, Earl
Outland, William A. Outler, Lewis Cohen
Patrick, Marion Patrick, Thomas B.
Penland, Robert M., .Jr. Pinckard, James S.
Pope, Lemuel M. Pound, Linton W.
Printup, D. L., .Jr. Rawlins, .James P.
Reed, Samuel A. Robinson, James B.
Rountree, Charles C.
Sapp, W. H . Scarborough, J. H . Seigler, J. F.

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Twenty-Eighth Report, State Hiyhway Department of Georgia

FAITHFUL SERVICE A\'I'ARDS (Continued)

20-year A wards (('ontinued)
Self, .J. E. Hessions, .J. R. Sha\Y, .Jolm R. Shelton, John DouglaR Slade, Samuel H. Smith, Herman W. Smith, Walter W. Smith, William C .. .Jr. Sneed, .John W. SopPr, Martin L. Hpringtield, .James M. Spruell, Roy W. Spruill, George M., .Jr. Suber, Russell K Swain, .James Charles Swann, R W. S~kes, William R., Sr. Tate, Roscoe C. Teem, Martin I. Terrell, Thomas H.

20-year Awards (Continued)
Thompson, Lawrence H. Valentine, Lewis J. Vaughn, Hoyle W. \Valker, .Tames A. Walthall, Joseph E., .Jr. \Valthour, Sam Wart!, JohnS. Way, Charles G. Whaley, William R. White, Elizabeth \Viggins, Arch Wilkerson, .John M., .Jr. Williams, Al Williams, Frank S. Williams,.). G. Wilson, William E. Winfrey, \Varren H. \Vright, James D. Wright, Joah K.

Twenty-Eighth Report, State Highway Department of Georgia

97

Division of Surveys and Aerial Mapping
L. W. VERNER
State Highway Location Engineer
The Division of Surveys and Aerial Mapping is responsible for all location surveys, photogrammetric mapping and the operation of an aerial photographic laboratory. Photogrammetric methods of making a survey is fast replacing the old, conventional or standard survey. The standard field methods for running preliminary lines are avoided, if possible, on Interstate and Primary locations because of the time involved and the limited route information secured.
Topographic Maps
The topographic map shows to scale the horizontal positions of contour lines, spot elevations, survey control marks, coordinate lines and other features. The establishment of horizontal and vertical control systems and the measurement of ties connecting the various features to this control are the first stages in the actual preparation of a topographic map. This field information is obtained by survey parties assigned to make only ground controls. Two ground control survey parties operate directly out of the office of the State Highway Location Engineer.
Aerial surveys and photogrammetric methods for making highway locations have been very beneficial in meeting the unprecedented demands made upon the Highvay Department by the expanded Interstate highway program. In order to keep abreast of time schedules without greatly enlarging the engineering staff and drafting units, and increasing the number of related employees, it was apparent that more economical and faster methods of accomplishing highway locations would, of necessity, have to be adopted. The replacement of conventional ground survey and location methods with aerial surveys and photogrammetry solved what appeared to be an impossible task for Georgia's participation in the Federal highway program. In fact, Georgia is a pioneer in the use of aerial photography and photogrammetry was not new to its engineers at the outset of this critical period. The production of the location and design divisions of the Highway Department has been increased \Vithout increasing the need for additional personnel beyond the available supply, and the high standards

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Twenty-Eighth Repol't, State Highway Depmtment of Geol'gia

T ellu101neter t~sed by the Division of Su1'Veys and Ae1ial Mapping to 1neasu1e distance by 111eans of mic1owaves.

Twenty-Eighth Report, State Highway Department of Georgia

99

of accuracy have been maintained. The contour maps being prepared by the new methods furnish more information at much less cost than was provided by the old survey method.
During the fiscal year ending June 30, 1959, a total of 170 topographic maps, covering 248 miles, were completed in the photogrammetric section. During the year ending June 30, 1960, 178 topographic maps, representing 259 miles, were completed.

Surveys
Surveys were authorized during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1959 for 1,543 miles of roads and for 1,531 miles in the year ending June 30, 1960. Surveys have been completed on approximately 65 per cent of the Interstate System.

Tell urometer
In December 1959, the Highway Department acquired a tellurometer and two receivers for further expediting the progress of surveys on principal highways. The definition of a tellurometer is an electronic device that measures distance by means of micro waves. The time it takes waves to reach a receiver and return is read at the transmitter end and translated into miles, feet and inches. Weather is no obstacle to this electronic instrument. It will operate in fog, rain, and snow, and darkness is no handicap. In time, the old rod-andchain surveying methods will be replaced by this new invention.
The maximum possible error in using the tellurometer is four inches in 40 miles. It requires only 40 minutes to measure a distance of 40 miles, and the operators do not have to be visible to one anothermiles can separate them. Their means of communication is a twoway radiophone. It is predicted that the tellurometer will save hundreds of dollars in laying out principal highways in Georgia and reduce materially the surveying time normally required.

The Kelsh plotte1, jou1 of which a1e in ope1ation in til e Aerictl Laborat01-y, is a ste1eosco1Jic mapping instntment that 1ec1ecttes the ncttural terrain jeatu1es at a miniature scale by dou/Jle optical projection. It is used in nu:tkinl} accwnte tQ1JOfJ'I"rtphic nUlps j1om
ae1-ial photou1aphs.

Twenty-Eighth Report, State Highway Department of Georgia

101

Division of Road Design
JOHN M. vVILKERSON, JR.
State Road Design Engineer
The Division of Road Design is responsible for the preparation of plans from the original survey notes to the final stage for all Federalaid Primary and Interstate projects ''"hich are located outside the urban limits of the larger municipalities. Plans are prepared also for Federal-aid Urban projects within the smaller cities. The actual preparation of plans for Federal-aid Secondary projects is performed in the field division offices, and since February 10, 1960, the Division of Road Design has been responsible for the coordination and general supervision of this work.
Design
All phases of the engineering design of each individual project are accomplished or correlated with other divisions by the Division of Road Design. This includes the determination of the types and sizes of all drainage structures, the proper roadway grades to meet the requirements for safety, drainage, speed design, economy in construction, maximum utilization of soils present in the right-of-way, minimum right-of-way requirements, and the extent of relocation and reconstruction of all utility lines affected by the projects. This design work also includes the selection of pavement types and designs which will effect the maximum economy by utilization of natural materials available in the specific locality as well as provide the strength and stability required for the weight and volume of the anticipated traffic, and the selection of lane widths, types of intersections and their detailed design. The quantities of each item of work required to completely construct the project are estimated. Through the assimilation, coordination and combination of all of the items mentioned, a complete set of plans is prepared, by which the project may be constructed. It is also determined what Special Provisions will be needed to augment the Highway Department's Standard Specifications to cover special items of construction required for each project.
Electronic Computer
The electronic computer is used for the computation of grades, drainage areas, earthwork quantities, slope stake notes, mass ordi-

102

Twenty-Eighth Report, State Highway Department of Georgia

nates, and many other miscellaneous mathematical problems. Use of the computer results in great savings in time and engineering talent, and has greatly accelerated the production of the large volume of completed plans required for the current Federal-aid Primary and Interstate programs. Additional information on the electronic computer is contained in the section of this report under the Division of Finance and Audits, in which division the computer is operated.

Photogrammetry
The Division of Road Design, in cooperation with the Division of Surveys and Aerial Mapping, has developed and is continuing to develop methods of design employing the latest photogrammetric methods. This new tool is being developed primarily for use on the design of the Interstate highways. However, it has a tremendous potentiality and the use of photogrammetry is expanding to include projects on new location on the Federal-aid Primary System. The use of this newest and latest high>my engineering science is effecting large economies in construction costs as well as engineering manpower required for the creation of the Interstate Highway System. Georgia leads all the Southeastern States and ranks high among the States of the nation in the extent to which it has adapted photogrammetry to the design of highways, using its own forces.

Utility Agreements
The requirements of the Bureau of Public Roads for documentation and justification of reimbursable engineering and construction costs claimed by utility owners for rearrangement of their facilities where conflicts occur on highway construction projects, and for which the State requests Federal participation, have materially increased the work of the Division of Road Design in the accumulation of data for utility force account agreements. All construction plans prepared by this division contain completely detailed plans for the rearrangement of each utility encountered on construction whether the costs for such rearrangements are, or are not, reimbursable. These plans must be in sufficient detail to support audit of final payments to each utility owner, by the Bureau of Public Roads' auditors.
Reproduction
A complete plan reproduction unit is operated by the Division of Road Design. The equipment consists of two automatic blue line printing machines and a self-developing photostat layout. Blue line prints and photostats of plans required by the General Office, the

Twenty-Eighth Report, State Highway Department of Georgia

103

field divisions, the Bureau of Public Roads, and the contractors are produced in this unit. The quick production of blue line prints and photostats has accelerated the processing of plans and has materially reduced the cost and time requirements.

Contact With Other Agencies
Contact is maintained by the Division of Road Design with the Bureau of Public Roads to the end that all matters pertaining to design conform to their requirements and all completed plans meet with their approval. Contact is maintained also with the various operating committees of the American Association of State Highway Officials, the American Road Builders' Association, and with the highway officials of other States in order that this division may keep abreast of the latest trends and developments in highway design. Constant contact is maintained with the engineering personnel of every private utility owner, including railroads and municipally owned utilities, whose facilities are involved in highway construction projects being designed. Liaison is maintained with the Georgia Historical Commission. Layouts of locations of all projects for which plans are prepared are sent to this agency during the design period in order that they may schedule excavation projects for the search and recovery of significantly historical objects in advance of the road construction.
Records
It is the responsibility of the Division of Road Design to assign project numbers to all State-aid projects, Post Roads projects, and projects of the Rural Roads Authority and the State Bridge Building Authority, as well as projects constructed by State forces. Permanent file records are kept as to the location of these projects. Files are also maintained for all original plan tracings for all projects on which plans have been prepared since the Highway Department was created. Files and inventory records are maintained on all field survey notebooks which are sent to the General Office.

Plans Completed
During the year ending June 30, 1959, plans were completed for 61 miles of Interstate highways, for 262 miles of road in 29 counties on the State Highway System, and for five miles of road in three counties on Secondary and Post Roads. Plans were prepared also for 16 projects covering the installation of protective devices at unsafe railroad-highway crossings.

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Twenty-Eighth Report, State Highway Department of Georgia

During the year ending June 30, 1960, plans \Yere completed for 20 miles of Interstate highways and 106 miles of road in 19 counties on the State Highway System. One project for a ~~;rade crossing elimination by separation, totaling 1.356 miles, was completed. In addition, plans were prepared for six signal projects to protect dangerous railroad-highway crossings. These projects were for the erection of automatic flashing light signals, bells and/or short arm gates.
In addition to the above, plans were on the drawing boards in various stages of completion for 57 Federal-aid Primary projects and 24 Interstate projects, over 200 miles in length, as of June 30, 1960. Paving plans were also complete for 64 miles of 4-lane paving on Interstate projects which were under contract for grading and bridge construction only.
The following tabulation shows total mileage of completed plans:

ROADWAY PLANS COMPLETED

Fiscal Year

Miles Completed
Plans

July 1, 1958, to June 30, 1959...

. .. 328

July 1, 1959, to June 30, 1960 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127

Total-2 Years ..................... 455

A utomalic Flashing
Liuhls
16 6
22

Twenty-Eighth Report, State Highway Department of Georgia

105

Division of Bridges
C. A. MARMELSTEIN
State Ilighway Bridge Engineer
The trend toward increased volume of bridge design work, complex structures, and structural construction inspection has continued to climb. Proposed construction for all classes of highway programs, particularly Interstate System projects, will continue this upward trend for an indefinite period.
Functions
The Division of Bridges is responsible for the preparation of detailed plans, tracing of plans, and cost estimates of the various structures required as an integral part of a road system. The structure types include bridges over streams, over railroads, and over highways, pedestrian overpasses, underpasses, minor drainage structures such as culverts, and major retaining walls.
This division cooperates with the field forces on matters pertaining to structural construction, and has three engineers who travel throughout the State to inspect bridge projects under construction on a periodic basis and to aid the field engineers in interpretation of plans and specifications.
Electronic Computer
The use of the electronic computer, operated in the Division of Finance and Audits, has reduced the number of man-hours required for certain routine bridge calculations. During this biennium, a computer program has been completed covering the design of continuous bridges. This program has been made available to the State highway departments throughout the country, and has resulted in very favorable publicity for the State Highway Department of Georgia and for the engineers responsible for its conception, preparation and execution. As an example of further studies under way, this division is now preparing a program which will facilitate the design of substructure units, as opposed to the completed program men