Twenty-fifth report of the State Highway Department of Georgia to the Governor and General Assembly of the State of Georgia for the fiscal years ending June 30, 1953, and June 30, 1954 [1954]

Metadata
Text

Collection:: Georgia Government Publications
Serial:: Report of the State Highway Department of Georgia to the Governor and General Assembly of the State of Georgia.
Title:: Twenty-fifth report of the State Highway Department of Georgia to the Governor and General Assembly of the State of Georgia for the fiscal years ending June 30, 1953, and June 30, 1954 [1954]
Creator:: Georgia. State Highway Dept
Contributor to Resource:: Georgia. State Highway Dept
Publisher:: Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia. State Highway Dept
Date of Original:: 1954
Subject:: Georgia
Location:: United States, Georgia, 32.75042, -83.50018
Medium:: publications (documents)
Type:: Text
Format:: application/pdf
Description:: Map
External Identifiers:: Call Number GA T700 .A1 1953-54
Metadata URL:: https://dlg.galileo.usg.edu/id:dlg_ggpd_y-ga-bt700-b-pa1-b1953-h54
Digital Object URL:: https://dlg.galileo.usg.edu/do:dlg_ggpd_y-ga-bt700-b-pa1-b1953-h54
Language:: eng
Holding Institution:: University of Georgia. Map and Government Information Library
Rights:

Twenty-Fifth Report,
OF THE
State Highway Department
OF GEORGIA TO THE
Governor and General Assembly of the State of Georgia
FOR THE FISCAL YEARS ENDING JUNE 30, 1953, AND JUNE 30, 1954

Twenty-Fifth Report
OF THE
State Highway Department
OF GEORGIA TO THE
Governor and General Assembly of the State of Georgia
FOR THE FISCAL YEARS ENDING JUNE 30, 1953, AND JUNE 30, 1954

Bridge over Broad Rive r and Clark Hill R eservoir, Stat e Rout e 79, at Lincoln-Elb ert Count y line. Project SAP 1575 (8).

Twenty-Fifth Report, State Highway Department of Georgia

I

Letter of Transmittal
Atlanta, Georgia October 1, 1954
Honorable Herman E. Talmadge, Governor and
Members of the General Assembly State of Georgia Atlanta, Georgia Gentlemen:
It is our pleasure to submit for your consideration the twenty-fifth biennial report of the State Highway Department of Georgia, covering the activities of the Department for the fiscal years ending June 30, 1953, and June 30, 1954.
The report contains information on the organization, functions, operations, and accomplishments of the State Highway Department, and also includes a complete statement prepared by the Treasurer of the Department covering all revenues and expenditures during the biennium.
Respectfully submitted STATE HIGHWAY BOARD OF GEORGIA
JIM L. GILLIS, SR., Chairman DIXON OXFORD, Member JOHN E. QUILLIAN, Member

2

Twenty-Fifth Report, State Highway Depa1tment of Georgia

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page No.

Letter of Transmittal

1

Organization Personnel

_________________

5

History of the Organization of the Highway Department_________________

11

Members of State Highway Commission, 1916- 1919

16

Members of State Highway Board, 1919- 1943 ___

17

Members of State Highway Commission, 1943- 1950

18

State Highway Directors, 1943 -1950

20

Members of State Highway Board, 1950-1954 ______________________________________ 21

State Highway Engineers, 1919- 1954 _

23

Administrative Division

25

U. S. Bureau of Public Roads ______________________

32

The Federal-Aid Highway Program

37

Highway Systems

45

Measurement and Record of Public Roads ____

65

State Bridge Building Authority ____ ______

77

Legal Division

81

Personnel Division

______________________________________________________ _

85

Division of Surveys and Aerial Mapping _

91

~~ion of Road Design _

95

Division of Bridges

_____________ _

99

Division of Contracts and Estimates ____

105

Division of Right-of- Way ____

117

Division of Construction ___ _

121

Division of Materials and Tests _

123

Division of Urban Projects

127

Post Roads Division ______

131

Division of Maintenance, Equipment and Warehouse _

___________________ 137

Field Divisions _________ __

_________________________ ____________________________________ 145

Division of Highway Planning _____________________________________________________________________ 151

Limitations of Weight and Size of Motor Vehicles _______________ ___________________ 159

Division of Finance and Audits ______________

167

Twenty-Fifth Report, State Highway Department of Georgia

3

TABLES AND CHARTS
Organization Chart

Page No.
7

Map of the Congressional Districts _

8

Map of the Highway Districts ________________

9

Mileage of State Highway System, by Type of Surface, 1952 - 1954 _

27

Road-User Revenue and Appropriations for Road Purposes, 1937- 1953__ 35

Apportionment of Federal-Aid Highway Funds to Georgia, 1917- 1956 _ 42

Mileage of Highways, by Systems

54

Mileage of Highways, by Type of Surface _

55

Mileage of State Highway System, 1920 - 1954 __________________

-- 58

Mileage of State Highway System and County Roads, by Counties

59

Motor Fuel Used for Highway Purposes, 1925- 1952 _________________ _

71

Motor-Vehicle Registrations, 1910-1953

73

Summary of Contracts Awarded, 1953- 1954 ______________________________________ 110

Contracts Awarded, by Type of Construction, 1953 _____________________ _

111

Contracts Awarded, by Type of Construction, 1954 ______________________

114

Map of the Five Field Divisions __

144

Traffic Flow Map, 1953

150

Illustration of Limits of Weight and Size of Motor Vehicles

158

County Receipts and Expenditures for Roads and Bridges, 1940- 1952 _ 160

Cost of Construction of Roads and Bridges, 1916- 1954 ________________

166

Financial Statements for Fiscal Year Ending June 30, 1953

172

Financial Statements for Fiscal Year Ending June 30, 1954 ____________________ 188

'-

4 Twenty-Fifth Report, Sta,te Highway Department of Geatgia
State Highway Board
JIM L. GILLIS, SR., Chairman Southern Highway District (1st, 2nd and 8th Congressional Districts) DIXON OXFORD, Member
Central Highway District (3rd, 4th, 6th, and lOth Congressional Districts)
JOHN E. QUILLIAN, Member Northern Highway District
(5th, 7th and 9th Congressional Districts)
State Highway Engineer
M. L. SHADBURN
Treasurer
BENTON ODOM

Twenty-Fifth Report, State Highway Depa1tment of Georgia 5
STATE HIGHWAY DEPARTMENT
Organization Personnel
June 30, 1954
JIM L. GILLIS, SR., Chairman, State Highway Board DIXON OXFORD, Member, State Highway Board JOHN E. QUILLIAN, Member, State Highway Board BENTON ODOM, Treasurer J. C. KNOX, Asjistant Attorney General PAUL MILLER, Assistant Attorney General CHARLES E. DEWS, Attorney lVI. L. SHADBURN, State Highway Engineer F. L. ACKERSON, Assistant Highway Engineer-General V. W. SMITH, SR., Assistant Highway Engineer-Federal
Vv. F. ABERCROMBIE, State Highway Materials Engineer
R. E. ADAMS, State Highway Right-of-Way Engineer S. P. ALLISON, Urban Engineer C. N. CROCKER, State Highway Bridge Engineer C. S. FAIN, State Highwa'y Construction Engineer ROY A. FLYNT, State Highway Planning Engineer J. A. KENNEDY, State Road Design Engineer C. W. LEFTWICH, State Highway Maintenance Engineer GEORGE T. McDONALD, Director, Post Roads Division and
Executive Secretary to State Highway Board (On leave of absence November 1, 1952, to July 1, 1954, with consulting engineering firm Qngaged in U. S. foreign aid program in Iraq).
F. P. KING, Assistant Director, Post Roads Division and
Acting Executive Secretary to State Highway Board
WARD MATTHEWS, JR.,
Personnel Administrator and Compensation Attorney
T. D. SPENCE, State Highway Office Engineer L. W. VERNER, State Highway Location Engineer
DIVISION ENGINEERS
W. C. SMITH, JR., Division No. 1, Gainesville R. G. RAY, JR., Division No. 2, Augusta J. C. COLLINS, Division No.3, Macon EARL OLSON, Division No. 4, Tifton J. 0. BACON, Division No.5, Savannah

.
Present end of the northeast lea of the Atlanta Exjnessway>showing Piedmont Road interchange. Work is continuing> as can be see n.

State Highway Department of Georgia Organization Chart
1954

DI\IIS10N OF SURIIE'tS ANO A[Rib..L NAPPING

~
ASSISTANT HIGHWAY
P.~ANNI"G ENGIN(ERS

TRAFFIC SAFETY ENGINEERING
ASST. HWY. PLANNING ENG TRAFFIC INVESTIGATORS

ROAD '-IF[ STI,II)V ASST HWY. PLA"NING ENG.
RGAD LtF'E AfloALYSTS

TRAFFIC SURVE:Y
ASST. 11WY. PLANNING ENG. fiELD TRAFFIC ENGINEEA
TIU.FFI(. RECORDERS

ROAD ihi\IENTORY
ASST HWY. PLANNINLl ENG. HIGHWAY [~GINEER
HWY. MAPPING ENGINIEERS HWY. MAPPING ASSISTANTS

~
FISCAl.. ANALYST
SENIOR b..CC01JNTANT

CMIEF' CARTOGRAPHIC ORAFTSr.!AN
SENIOI'I CARTOGRAPHIC DRA."TSMAN
DRAFTSMEN

CHIEF OF RESEARCH AND STATISTiCS
TAI!IULATIPIIG SUPERVISOR TABUL.ATING EQVII'MENT
OPERATORS

IIICCOWNTANT t:L[RICAL

ORAIIiN 8Y 01\JISION Or HIGHWA'I' PL.ANNING

HIGHWAY BII:IDGE ENGINEER
PAIN. BRIDGE (l[SlGNER BFUOGE DESIGNERS 8FHOGE DETAIL.[ RS OAAFTSM[N TRACERS
SOUNOINC OUTFIT

STATE HIGHWAY DEPARTMENT OF GEORGIA

ORGANIZATION CHART 1954

~EOPLE

I

___ LEGISLATURE ~-------.--------1L G_OV_E_R_N_O_R__~

~------~

----------~~~~=-~

STATE HIGHWAY BOARD
CHAIIU.I.ti.N -'.NO TW(} OTHER MEMBERS

S'!'II.TE PERSONNEL BOARD MERIT SYSTE:~ OF PERSONNEL.
ADMINISTRATION

f)I[CUTI\1[ SECRETARY TO $TA1 lo!iG!oi'oiiA'I' BOARD

STATE HIGHWAY ENGINEER

ASS STANT tliGHW#.Y ENGINE R FE: DE ~AL.

-------r---------
$TATE HIGHWAY CONSHHJCTIO~ ENGINEER

OIV!SION OF CONTRACTS
ESTI~ATES
STATE HIGMWAY OffiCE ENGINEER

CONTRACTS 8 PROPOSALS HW'f, OFFIC.E ENGII'O[ ER

ESTIMATES So VOUC~EAS
HW'l' OFF'IC( ENGIN(11. Et>IG AUI)ITOFI SUPERVISOR
(.i'jGINE[FII~G AUDITORS

1JTIUT!ES LIAISON l'tiGHWIIY AGENT

HIGHWAY RECOADS SUPERVISOR

~ FIELO DIVISIONS
~SION ENCINE[fl:

RESIDENT tHGHWAV ENGIHEEIIS FIElD MATEf'IIAL$ TEST TECHNICIANS
i11GHWAV PROJECT [NGIN[[RS SENIOR [NGINEERING AIDE,S ENGIHEE:AUtG AlOES

OFFICE HIGHW6.Y ENGINEER
ENGINEERING AUDITORS ACCOUNTANTS CLERICAL
HIGHWAY ENGINEERS SENIOR ENCIItEEAINC AlOES

~ HIGHWA'I' ENGINEER

SPECIAL IU.INTE:NANCE OUTfiTS

HIGHWAY MAINTENANCE ASSISTANTS
PATROLMEN S1Qfoj P"OIIt:MEH [QUIPifl[NT OPERATORS
Lot.&OAERS

MEC!iANIGS

lUOITORS
~OOKXEEPER$

I

PE:~$0NNEL DIVISION

I

PERSONNtl. ADMINI;;TRATOR AND OO.. PENSATION .HTORNE'r

I

ASSISTANT' TO COfroiPENSATION ATTY.

f~

PERSONNEL. ASSISTANT CLERICAL

BUILDING MAINTENANCE SUP[ RVISOR

~

MAIL CL.ERK TELEPHONE OPERATORS

I
I"'~'"" o "' PODJECTS URBAN ENGINEER

DIVISION OF MAINTENANCE, EQ\.JIPMENT

I STATE

AND WAREHOUSE HIGHWAY MAINTENANCE

ENGINEER

I

I

ROAD DESIGN ENGINEERS

I

HIGHWAY MAINTENANCE ENGINEERS

~~

SIJP[R!NTENOENT OF

ROAOSIO PAR~$

J

I

SENIOR ROAD DESIGNERS

I

ROAD DESIGNERS DRAFTSMEN

I

SUII1UNTENDENT OF EQUIPMENT

$UPERINTENO[N1' OF WAREHOUSE

I

I

:SUPERINTENDENT OF SIGNS

H

SUPERINTENDENT OF CUHEA LINE AND
8RI0GE PAINTING

I

SUPERINTENDENT OF

I

TJR[S AND 8ATTIERIES

~~

SIJP[Rii\IT[NOENT OF TRUCK WEIGHING

I

I

CHIEf

RADIO

tNGINEER

I

T wenty-F i f th Rep01t, State H ighway Depa1tntent of Geo1gia

7

T wo views of grade separation structure over Atlantic Coast L ine R ailroad, on Stat e R oute 4 1 ( U.S. 27 Alternate), in Man chester. Project F-024-l ( 2).

8

Twenty-Fifth Report, State Highway Department of Georgia

T E N N.

c.

S~ATE-~~

HIGHWAY DEPARTMENT

I,,

or

0 GEORGIA

COUNTIES AND CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICTS

..J

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L

0

R

FIRST CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT:-Bryan, Bulloch, Burke, Candler, Chatham, Ef fingham, Emanuel, Evans, Jenkins, Liberty, Long, Mcintosh, Montgomery, Screven, T'att.. nall, Toombs, Treutlen, Wheeler.
SECOND CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT:-Baker, Brooks, Calhoun, Colquitt, Decatur, Dougherty, Early, Grady, Miller, Mitchell, Seminole, Tbomas, Tift, Worth.
THIRD CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT:-Ben Hill, Chattahoochee, Clay, Crisp, Dodge, Dooly, Harris, Houston, Lee, Macon, Marion, Muscogee, Peach, Pulaski, Quitman, Ran.. dolph, Schley, Stewart, Sumter, Taylor, Terrell, Turner, Webster, Wilcox.
FOURTH CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT:-Butts, Carroll, Clayton, Coweta, Fayette, Heard, Henry, Lamar, Meriwether, Newton, Pike, Spalding, Talbot, Troup, Upson.
FIFTH CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT:-DeKalb, Fulton, Rockdale. SIXTH CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT:-Baldwin, Bibb, Bleckley, Crawford, Glascock,
Hancock, Jasper, Jefferson, Johnson, Jones, Laurens, Monroe, Putnam, Twiggs, Washington, Wilkinson.
SEVENTH CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT:-Bartow, Catoosa, Chattooga, Cobb, Dade, Douglas, Floyd, Gordon, Haralson, Murray, Paulding, Polk, Walker, Whitfield.
EIGHTH CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT:-Appling, Atkinson, Bacon, Berrien, Brantley, Camden, Charlton, Clinch, Coffee, Cook, Echols, Glynn, Irwin, Jeff Davis, Lanier, Lowndes, Pierce, Telfair, Ware, Wayne.
NINTH CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT:-Banks, Barrow, Cherokee, Dawson, Fannin,
Forsyth, Gilmer, Gwinnett, Habersham, Hall, Jackson, Lumpkin, Pickens, Rabun, Stephens, Towns, Union. White.
TENTH CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT:-Ciarke, Columbia, Elbert, Franklin, Greene, Hart, Lincoln, Madison, McDuffie, Morgan, Oconee, Oglethorpe, Richmond, Taliaferro,
Walton, Warren, Wilkes.

Twenty-Fifth Rep01t, State Highway Department of Ge01gia

9

STATE
HIGHWAY DEPARTMENT Of
0 GEO:RGIA
COUNTIES AND HIGHWAY DISTRICTS

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SOUTHERN HIGHWAY DISTRICT First, Second and Eighth Congressional Districts
CENTRAL HIGHWAY DISTRICT Third, Fourth, Sixth and Tenth Congressional Districts
NORTHERN HIGHWAY DISTRICT Fifth, Seventh and Ninth Congressional Districts

Th e Eu aene Talmadge M emorial Bridge, over the Savannah R iver, on U. S . 17 Alternate, at Sa vannah. This bridge was financ ed and constructed by the Coastal Highway District of G eorgia, with the assistance and cooperation of the Stat e Highway Department in building the approaches. Th e main bridge structure is 6,034 feet long with a vertical clearance of 135 feet. Other structures include a 3,200-foot concrete bridge over Back River and a railroad overpass. Th e total cost of the project was $14.6 million.

Twenty-Fifth Report, State Highway Department of Geo1gia 11
History of the Organization of the Highway Department
The State Highway Department of Georgia was created by Act of the General Assembly, August 16, 1916, and a Highway Commission was appointed. This Commission was composed of three members of the Prison Commission, together with the State Geologist, the Dean of the College of Civil Engineering of the University of Georgia, and the Professor of Highway Engineering at the Georgia School of Technology. This Commission served until the reorganization of the Highway Department by Act of the General Assembly, approved August 18, 1919.
State Highway Board Created in 1919
The Act of 1919 provided that the State Highway Department of Georgia, reorganized and reconstructed, should be managed and controlled by the State Highway Board, which should consist of three members appointed by the Governor, one from each of the three divisions of the State. The boundaries of each division were set out. The term of office of initial appointees was to be two, four and six years, respectively, after which each new member was to serve six years. The members received compensation on a daily basis while engaged in the performance of their duties.
New Highway Board Created in 1937
By an Act of the General Assembly approved March 3, 1937, the State Highway Board was abolished and the terms and tenure of office of the members were terminated. Anothel' Act was passed and approved on the same day, creating a new State Highway Board to consist of three members to be appointed by the Governor and confirmed by the Senate. The members were to be selected from different sections of the State and the first three appointments were for terms of two, four and six years, respectively, after which the terms were to be for six years. From the beginning, the Chairman was a full-time officer, and an Act of the General Assembly, ap-

12 Twenty-Fifth Report, State Highway Department of Georgia
proved February 16, 1938, provided that the other two members should also devote their full time to the performance of the duties of their office.
Another Highway Board Created in 1941
The Act of March 3, 1937, was repealed and the terms of office of the members of the State Highway Board were terminated by an Act of the General Assembly approved January, 30, 1941. The latter Act provided that the State Highway Department should be managed and controlled by a State Highway Board composed of a Chairman and two members, to be appointed by the Governor from different sections of the State. The members were to serve during the term of the Governor by whom they were appointed. The Chairman was a full-time officer and the Act provided that the other two members should receive compensation on a daily basis while engaged in the performance of their duties.
Reorganization of 1943
The General Assembly of 1943 passed an Act, approved March 17, 1943, repealing the Act of January 30, 1941, and abolishing the State Highway Board. The 1943 Act provided that the State Highway Department should be managed and controlled by a State Highway Director, and created a State Highway Commission as an advisory body with whom the State Highway Director should from time to time consult regarding the administration of the affairs of the State Highway Department. The Act also created the office of Treasurer of the State Highway Department. All of these officers were appointed by the Governor and confirmed by the Senate. The State Highway Director and Treasurer of the State Highway Department were full-time officers and served at the pleasure of the Governor. The part-time State Highway Commissioners were appointed for a term of four years, to be concurrent with the term of the Governor. One Commissioner was appointed from each of the ten Congressional Districts and two from the State at large. One member of the State Highway Commission was designated by the Governor to be Chairman, one member was designated as Vice-Chairman and another as Secretary.

Twenty-Fifth Report, State Highway Department of Geo1gia 13
Present Organization
The Act of March 17, 1943, was repealed by an Act of the General Assembly, approved February 2, 1950 (Act No. 536, Senate Bill No. 34, Georgia Laws 1950, pp. 62-72) and a further reorganization of the State Highway Department was effected. The 1950 Act abolished the State Highway Commission and the position of State Highway Director, and created a State Highway Board, composed of three members, who are full-time officers. The first three members were elected by the General Assembly; one from the Southern Highway District, composed of the First, Second and Eighth Congressional Districts; one from the Central Highway District, composed of the Third, Fourth, Sixth and Tenth Congressional Districts; and one from the Northern Highway District, composed of the Fifth, Seventh and Ninth Congressional Districts. The 1950 Act as amended by an Act approved February 5, 1951 (Act No. 56, Senate Bill No. 1, Georgia Laws 1951, pp. 31-41) provides that future members shall be elected by a majority vote of a caucus composed of all members of the General Assembly. Vacancies occurring when the General Assembly is not in session shall be filled by the Governor until the next meeting of the General Assembly, by appointment of a resident of the same Highway District to serve until the meeting of and election by members of the General Assembly at its next session, in the same manner as members are elected for a regular term, to fill the unexpired term.
The first member from the Southern Highway District was elected for a term of six years; the first member from the Central Highway District was elected for a term of four years; and the first member from the Northern Highway District was elected for a term of two years. Thereafter, the terms of the members shall be six years, each dating from the expiration of the first terms, or from a subsequent six-year term. There shall always be one member from each of the three Highway Districts. Biennially, one of the members is elected as Chairman by a majority vote of the Board members present.
The 1950 Act provides that the Treasurer of the State Highway Department shall be appointed by a majority of the State Highway Board to serve at the pleasure of the Board.

14 Twenty-Fifth Repo1t, State H igh1uay Depa1tment of GeoTgia
T wo views showin a placem ent of reinfoTcement in speciall)' desianed, boxculve rt type overpass at N. C. & St. L. R ailway on new four-lane hi ahwa)'
between Cart ersville and Em erson, U . S. 4 1. Project Fl-484 (4).

Twenty-Fifth Report, State Highway Department of Georgia 15
Appointments
The members of the original State Highway Commission, the appointments to the State Highway Board under the Acts of 1919, 1937 and 1941, the State Highway Directors and State Highway Commissions appointed under the Act of 1943, and the members elected to the State Highway Board under the Act of 1950 are shown in the tabulations on the following pages.

Members of the Original State Highway Commission
1916 -1919

Name of Member

Title

T. E. Patterson
.f. E. Davidson
E. L. Rainey S. W. McCallie. C. M. Strahan .
R. D. Kneale

Chairman, Member of Prison Commission
.... Member of Prison Commission
Member of Prison Commission
State Geologist Professor of Civil Engineering,
University of Georgia.
Professor of Civil Engineering, Georgia School of Technology

Term Began
Aug. 16, 1916 Aug. 16, 1916 Aug. 16, 1916 ... Aug. 16, 1916.
... Aug. 16, 1916
Aug. 16, 1916

Term Ended
Sept. 1, 1919 Sept. 1, 1919 Sept. 1, 1919 Sept. 1, 1919
Sept. 1, 1919
Sept. 1, 1919

Members of State Highway Board of Georgia

1919- 1943

==============~==========~==============~==========~-===========~============-==============

Name of Member

Title

Appointed By

Term Began

Term Ended

Remarks

----------- ---------- ----------- ----------------------------------------

C. M. Strahan . _______ Chairman

Governor Dorsey .. __ Sept. 1, 1919 Dec. 31, 1921 Expiration of initial 2-year term.

5tanley S. Bennet_ _______ Member

Governor Dorsey ... Sept. 1,1919 _Dec. 31, 1923 ___ Expiration of initial4-year term.

R. C. Neely_ . -----Member

Governor Dorsey . Sept. 1, 1919.. Oct. 27, 1923. ____ Died in Office.

John N. Holder __ --- Chairman

Governor Hardwick ____ Jan. 1, 1922. ____ June 2, 1929 _ ___ Succeeded C. M. Strahan.

W. T. Anderson .... Member

Governor Walker. .Nov.1, 1923 _____ July, 1925. ______ Succeeded R. C. Neely.

Stanley S. Bennet .. _____ Member

Governor Walker . _ . Jan. 1, 1924 _______ Dec. 31, 1929 Reappointed.

John R. Phillips _ ___ Member

Governor Walker __ Aug. 1925 ______ Dec. 31, 1931. ____ Succeeded W. T. Anderson.

Sam Tate

_____ Chairman

Governor Hardman June 4, 1929 _____ April 1, 1930...... Succeeded .John N. Holder.

W. C. Vereen

Member

Governor Hardman_ _Jan. 1, 1930 ______ June 19, 1933 ____ Succeeded Stanley S. Bennet.

J. W. Barnett

___ Chairman

Governor Hardman _. __ April 1, 1930 _ .. Tune 19, 1933. ___ Succeeded Sam Tate.

J. P. Wilhoit_
.J. P. Wilhoit

___ Member

Governor RusselL -------Jan. 1, 1932 _ _June 19, 1933. __ Succeeded .John R. Phillips.

______ Officer-in-Chg. Gov. Eugene Talmadge .June 19, 1933 . __ .July 20, 1933.. __ Appointed Officer-in-Charge.

J. J. Mangham

Chairman

Gov. Eugene Talmadge July 20, 1933_ Nov. 21, 1933. __ Succeeded .J. W. Barnett.

W. E. Wilburn _ ____ Member _____ Gov. Eugene Talmadge July 20, 1933 _Nov. 21, 1933 _ Succeeded .J. P. Wilhoit.

Max L. McRae _--- Member__

Gov. Eugene Talmadge July 20, 1933 __ Jan. 13, 1937 ____ . Succeeded W. C. Vereen.

W. E. Wilburn _ ___ Chairman _ Gov. Eugene Talmadge Nov. 21, 1933 ___ Jan. 25, 1937 ____ Appointed Chairman.

John A. Heck__ ______ Member . . Gov. Eugene Talmadge Nov. 21, 1933 __ Dec. 31, 1933 ____ Succeeded J. J. Mangham.

John A. Heck

__ Member

Gov. Eugene Talmadge Jan. 1, 1934 __ _Mar. 1, 1937 Reappointed.

Jim L. Gillis, Sr. . Member

Governor Rivers. ---- Jan. 25, 1937 _____ April 19, 1940 __ Succeeded W. E. Wilburn.

Herman H. Watson _______ Member__ ___ Governor Rivers . . _Mar. 3, 1937 _Dec. 2, 1939 _ Succeeded John A. Heck.

W. L. Miller

___ Member

Governor Rivers_. ------.Jan. 13, 1937 ___ .Jan. 14, 1941 __ Succeeded Max L. McRae.

W. L. Miller

_ Chairman

Governor Rivers --- .Jan. 25, 1937 ____ Jan. 14, 1941. Appointed Chairman.

L. L. Patten

_Member

Governor Rivers

_Dec. 2, 1939 ___ .Jan. 14, 1941. _Succeeded Herman H. Watson.

Herman H. Watson ____ Member

Governor Rivers

- Dec. 2, 1939

.Jan. 14, 1941. . Succeeded .Jim L. Gillis, Sr.

W. E. Wilburn _ __Chairman

Gov. Eugene Talmadge Jan. 14, 1941. _.Jan. 12, 1943 _____ Succeeded W. L. Miller.

S. E. Vandiver ______ Member

Gov. Eugene Talmadge Jan. 14, 1941 _ .Jan. 12, 1943 ___ Succeeded Herman H. Watson.

T. G. Tyson

____ Member

__ Gov. Eugene Talmadge Jan. 14, 1941.. ___ Jan. 12, 1943. __ Succeeded L. L. Patten.

1\lembers of State Highway Commission
1943- 1950

Name of Member

Title

Congressional District

Appointed By

Term Began

I

Term Ended

.f. .J. Bouhan.

----- Member

L. Roy Robinson ------ Member

Sims Garrett, Jr. -------- Vice-Chairman

.Judson .f. Milam

Member

Hugh Burgess .

". --- Member

Frank A. Dennis . .. Member.

Mrs. Frank A. Dennis Member.

Penn Selman. Member ----------

Lonnie A. Pope ------- Secretary

Steve C. Tate . Chairman ----------

.f. Knox Gholston --------- Member

..

Wyck Knox_

M e m b e r - - - - - - - -

Maurice W. Tift

---- Member

Willard H. Lariscy ... Member

Leon Houston Member -- . .

W. Gnue Dunn ---------- -- Member

.Judson .f. Milam

... Chairman

C. R. Vaughn

Member

.f. David Dyer .

----- Member.

A. E. Young

----- Secretary

George M. Bazemore Member

Most' W. Gordon

Vice-Chairman

Furman D. Smith, Sr. MernllPr

Maurice W. Tift

Member

L. Roy Robinson

Member

first

... Governor Arnall. April 21, 1943 .fan. 18, 1947

Second

.. Governor Arnall April 21, 1943 .fan. 18, 1947

Third

Governor Arnall. April 21, 1943 Tan. 18, 1947

Fourth

Governor Arnall April 21, 1943 .. .fan. 18, 1947

Fifth

Governor Arnall April 21, 1943 Jan. 18, 1947

Sixth

1Governor Arnall April 21, 1943 Dec. 31, 1944

Sixth

Governor Arnall. ___ Jan. 18. 1945 ... Jan. 18, 1947

Seventh

Governor Arnall ----- April 21, 1943 .Jan. 18, 1947.

Eighth

Governor Arnall_ April 21, 1943 Jan. 18, 1947

Ninth

Governor Arnall. April 21, 1943 ... Jan. 18, 1947.

Tenth

Governor Arnall. April 21, 1943 . Jan . 18, 1947

State at Large Governor Arnall April 21, 1943. Jan. 18, 1947

State at Large Governor Arnall April 21, 1943 ... Jan. 18, 1947

First

Governor Thompson March 21, 1947 ~ov. 18, 1948

Second

Governor Thompson March 21, 1947 Nov. 18, 1948

Third

Governor Thompson March 21, 1947 ~ov. 18, 1948

Fourth

Governor Thompson March 21, 1947 Nov. 18, 1948

Fifth

Governor Thompson March 21, 1947 Nov. 18, 1948

Sixth

Governor Thompson March 21, 1947 Nov. 18, 1948

Seventh

Governor Thompson March 21, 1947 Nov. 18, 1948

Eighth

Governor Thompson March 21, 1947 Nov. 18, 1948

Ninth

Governor Thompson March 21, 1947 Nov. 18, 194-8

Tt>nth

Govt>rnor Thompson March 21, 1947 Nov. 18, 1948

State at Large Governor Thompson March 21, 1947 Nov. 18. 1948

State at Large Governor Thompson March 21, 1947 Nov. 18, 1948

1

Remarks
--
Died in Office. Succeeded F. A. Den-
nis.

Members of State Highway Commission (Continued)
1943- 1950

N arne of Member

Title

Congressional District

Appointed by

Term Began Term Ended

.J. E. Parker __

Member_

W. Frank Tyson ___ Member_

. First ----- Second

---- Gov. Herman E. Talmadge __ Nov. 18, 1948_ Feb. 2, 1950Gov. ---------- Herman E. Talmadge Nov. 18, 1948. Feb. 2, 1950-

Dixon Oxford _

Chairman

Third_

__ Gov. Herman E. Talmadge_ Nov. 18, 1948 Feb. 2, 1950-

Tom Steele ___

Member

---- Fourth. Gov. ----- Herman E. Talmadge. Nov. 18, 1948 Feb. 2, 1950-

Henry McCalla_ Member

Fifth

--- Gov. Herman E. Talmadge Nov. 18, 1948 Feb. 2, 1950-

Marvin E. Moate

Member_ ----- Sixth

__ Gov. Herman E. Talmadge Nov. 18, 1948 Feb. 2, 1950

C. L. Moss_ ---------- Vice-Chairman Seventh __ --- Gov. Herman E. Talmadge_ Nov. 18, 1948 Feb. 2, 1950

John B. Walker __ Member ____ _Eighth_

_ Gov. Herman E. Talmadge Nov. 18, 1948 Feb. 2, 1950-

fohn E. Quillian ------- Member_
.J. .J. McLanahan --- Secretary _____
A. W. Smith_ ------ Member
Frank G. Binford _--- Member

_Ninth_

___ Gov. Herman E. Talmadge Nov. 18, 1948 Feb. 2, 1950 -

Tenth ___ Gov. ------ Herman E. Talmadge _Nov. 18, 1948_ Feb. 2, 1950 ---

_State at Large Gov. Herman E. Talmadge __ Dec. 2, 1948 --- Feb. 2, 1950-

_State at Large Gov. Herman E. Talmadge March 28, 1949 Feb. 2, 1950

Remarks

State Highway Directors
1943- 1950

Name

Title

Appointed By

Term Began

Term Ended

Ryburn G. Clay

------------ ... Executive Officer-in-Charge Governor Arnall

___ Jan. 12, 1943

April 21, 1943

Ryburn G. Clay

__ Director

George T. McDonald

... Engineer-Director

w. R. NeeL

---------------------- Director..

John c. Beasley_

----- Director.

w. R. NeeL

-------------- Engineer-Director __

John C. Beasley ------------- ---- Director

Jim L. Gillis, Sr. _

---- Director.

Governor Arnall.

April -------- 21, 1943

Oct. 5, 1945

Governor Arnall

Oct. 5, 1945. __ Jan. 18, 1947 .

----- Governor Thompson. .. Governor Thompson

.. Jan. 18, 1947.

March 20, 1947 .

___ March 20, 1947. __ June 4, 1948

_Governor Thompson Governor Thompson

------ June 4, 1948

. Sept. 13, 1948

-- _, Sept. 13, 1948

Nov. 17, 1948 ..

Gov. Herman E. Talmadge Nov. 17. 1948 _ ----- Feb. 2, 1950

Members of State Highway Board of Georgia
1950- 1954

Name of Member

Highway District

Term Began

Term Ended

Remarks

John E. Quillian.

---- .. Northern

Dixon Oxford --------- ------- CentraL

Jim L. Gillis, Sr. . . ----- ----- Southern.

John E. Quillian

------ Northern .

Dixon Oxford

---- Central

. Feb. 2, 1950.. ---- Feb. 2, 1952 .. Reelected.

----- .. Feb. 2, 1950 ---- ... Feb. 2, 1954

... Reelected.

------- ----- Feb. 2, 1950 .. ------- Still in office ------ .. Elected Chairman 1950, 1952 and 1954

... Feb. 2, 1952. ---------- Still in office

-------- Feb. 2, 1954 ... ------ Still in office -------

Concrete paving operations on new location of U.S. 41> between Macon and Forsyt h. Project Fl-005-2 (3).

State Highway Engineers
1919- 1954

Name

Term Began

Term Ended

Remarks

W. R. Nee!

.. Sept. 1, 1919

B. P. McWhorter

.. March 1, 1930

M. E. Cox.

. ..... June 20, 1933

H. E. Newton

.. Sept. 28, 1934

E. .Jack Smith

.. Feb. 1, 193 7

E. A. Stanley

..... July 14, 1937

W. B. Brantley

... Oct. 16, 1938.

W. R. Nee!.

... April 1, 1940

M. L. Shadburn .......... May 24, 194 L

George T. McDonald .... April 21, 1943

W. R. Nee!

........ March 20, 1947

M. L. Shadburn

... Nov. 17, 1948.

..... March 1, 1930 . . June 20, 1933 .. Sept. 28, 1934
..... Feb. 1, 1937 . .July 14, 1937
.................. Oct. 16, 1938 ............ April 1, 1940. .. May 24, 1941 .. April 21, 1943 ....... Jan. 18, 1947 .. Nov. 17, 1948
.............. Still in office June 30, 1954

. ..
.. Engineer-Director 10-5-1945 to 1-18-1947. . Engineer-Director 6-4-1948 to 9-13-1948.

Twin bridges carrying the four-lan e highway) U.S. 41) over highw ay U.S. 411) north of Cartersville. Project FI-426 (9).

Twenty-Fifth Rep01t, State Highway Depa1tment of GeoTgia 25
Administrative Division
JIM L. GILLIS, SR., Chairman, State Highway Board DIXON OXFORD, Member, State Highuay Board JOHN E. QUILLIAN, Member, State Higbay Board M. L. SHADBURN, State Highzeay Engineer
The members of the State Highway Board are elected by a caucus conposed of all members of the General Assembly, as outlined in the preceding section of this report. Under the law, the State Highway Board is charged with the management and control of the State Highway Department, the State Highway System of roads and bridges, and the State Highway funds. The Board determines the policies of the Highway Department, approves the program of projects selected for improvement, executes all contracts, approves the employment of personnel, and authorizes the expenditure of funds.
Contracts Let
During this biennium, contracts were awarded by the State Highway Department for the improvement of 3,771 miles of roadway and the construction of 228 bridges at a total cost of over $58 million. These contracts covered 987 miles of grading, 371 miles of grading and base, 468 miles of base, 1,772 miles of bituminous surfacing, 156 miles of resurfacing, 17 miles of concrete pavement, four underpass structures, and 43 grade crossing signals. The total length of bridges was 6.4 miles. In addition to the work let to contract, the State Maintenance Forces completed 2,849 miles of bituminous surfacing at a cost of $9.2 million, making a total of 6,620 miles of road improvements made during the two years.
In addition to the above, contracts were awarded by the State Bridge Building Authority for the construction of 93 bridges, 6.6 miles in length, and 44 miles of roadway approaches to bridges, at a total cost of $15.8 million.
A statement is presented elsewhere in this report which shows the mileage of each type of work and the total cost of projects let to contract for each class of Federal-aid funds, as

26 Twenty-Fifth Repo1t, State Highway Depa1tment of Gemgia
well as 100% State funds on the State Highway System and Post Roads. A summary of all work mentioned above includes 6,664 miles of roadway improvement, the construction of 321 bridges and 4 underpass structures, and the installation of 43 grade crossing signals, at a total cost of over $83 million.
State Highway System
Act No. 536 of the General Assembly, approved February 2, 1950, grants authority to the State Highway Board to substitute, relocate, and abandon any part of the State Highway System in building new roads or bridges, or in improving roads or bridges on the State Highway System, keeping in view only the control points.
During the fiscal year ending June 30, 1953, the mileage of the State Highway System was decreased by 131.1 miles, of which 91.6 miles of roads are in the Camp Stewart Military Reservation. These roads were removed from the State Highway System after the reactivation of Camp Stewart, for the reason that they are under the jurisdiction of the U. S. Army and are closed to the public at the discretion of the Army. During the fiscal year ending June 30, 1954, the mileage of the State Highway System was increased by 23.5 miles.
The mileage of the State Highway System as of June 30, 1954, was 15,121.3 miles, of which 12,005.0 miles were paved and 3,116.3 miles were unpaved. A tabulation of the mileage by type of surface is given below and a list showing the mileage in each county appears elsewhere in this report. There were 3,725 bridges and grade separation structures on the State Highway System as of June 30, 1954, with a total length of 123.6 miles, which are included in the following tabulation according to the type of surface.

Twenty-Fifth Report, State Highway Department of GeoTgia 27

MILEAGE OF STATE HIGHWAY SYSTEM

Type of Surface

June 30, 1952

Unimproved _________________

83.8

Graded and Drained _____ -- ----- 2,378.8

Soil-Surfaced

1,211. 7

Gravel or Stone _

410.8

Low-Type Bituminous

5,357.8

High-Type Bituminous _____________________ 3,720.2

Portland Cement Concrete

________ 2,040.4

Brick or Block

25.4

Total

15,228.9

June 30, 1953
82.8 1,698.6 1,203.9
536.5 5,742.6 3,901.1 1,912.0
20.3
15,097.8

June 30, 1954
77.3 1,435.3 1,112.1
491.6 5,488.6 4,641.3 1,862.3
12.8
15,121.3

Engineering 0 perations
The State Highway Engineer is the chief engineering officer of the State Highway Department and is responsible directly to the State Highway Board. He directs and supervises, through the various division heads and the field division engineers, the planning, location, design, construction, and maintenance of all roads and bridges on the State Highway System, as well as the construction of Post Roads. He directs the selection and assignment of engineering personnel, and establishes the policies and procedures to be followed in the training of graduate civil engineers.
His staff includes two Assistant Highway Engineers. One is assigned to general work and one to Federal-aid work. The latter maintains liaison with the Bureau of Public Roads and assists in coordinating the various activities involved in the Federal-aid Highway program.
The State Highway Board, the State Highway Engineer, and the heads of the various divisions cooperate closely with the representatives of the Bureau of Public Roads in all matters concerning the Federal-aid Highway program. A brief description of the functions and organization of the Bureau of Public Roads is given in the following section of this report.
Constitutional Amendment Ratified
An amendment to the Constitution of the State of Georgia was ratified by the people on November 4, 1952, which will

28 T wenty-Fi fth Re1J01't, State Hi ghw ay Depa?tment of GeoTgia
T wo views of new four-lan e bridge over O conee R iver, at Dublin, on U. S. 80. Project Ul-005-4 ( 1) .

Twenty-Fifth Rep01t, State Highway Depa1'trnent of GeoTgia 29
tend to stabilize the revenue of the State Highway Department and permit more intelligent long-range planning for the improvement of the State Highway System. This amendment provides that the General Assembly shall in each General Appropriation Act make the aggregate of the fixed appropriations for highway purposes an amount not less than the total motor fuel and motor vehicle license taxes received by the State Treasury for the immediately preceding fiscal year, less the amount of refunds, rebates, and collection costs. The funds are allocated to the State Highway Department and for grants to the counties for aid in the construction and maintenance of county roads.
Georgia Highway Conference
For the past three years, an Annual Georgia Highway Conference has been conducted by the School of Civil Engineering of the Georgia Institute of Technology, in cooperation with the State Highway Department. The objective of these conferences is to provide a forum for the discussion of problems of mutual interest to the various groups in the highway field and as a medium of exchange of information on technical advances. Over 200 persons registered for the conference each year, representing almost every group in the highway field. Interesting papers were presented by nationally known leaders in the industry as well as by prominent engineers of Georgia and other Southeastern States. The Highway Department was well represented among those presenting papers, and a large number of the Department's engineers attended the conferences.
The proceedings of the Second and Third Annual Georgia Highway Conferences have been printed in book form, for distribution to those who attended and others interested, as a contribution of the Highway Department. These annual conferences have proven very worthwhile, and it is planned to continue them.

"t";'
N ewly prepared base, with concrete paving ojJerations in backaround, on uew location of U. S. 4 1, between Ma con and Fors'ylh. Project FI-005-2 (3) .

Another view of the concrete jJavin" operations described on th e opposite page.

32 Twenty-Fifth Report, State Highway Department of Georgia
U. S. Bureau of Public Roads
The Bureau of Public Roads, of the Department of Commerce, is responsible for the expenditure of Federal funds on highways. Francis V. duPont, Commissioner of Public Roads, is the head of the national organization in Washington. The division office, through which the work in Georgia and six other Southeastern States and Puerto Rico is cleared, is in charge of B. P. McWhorter, Division Engineer, at PeachtreeSeventh Building, Atlanta.
District Office
The activities for the State of Georgia are under the direction of J. S. Call, District Engineer, whose office is located at 125 Ivy Street, N.E., Atlanta. The Bureau of Public Roads maintains close cooperation with the State Highway Department on all matters pertaining to review and approval of Federal-aid projects on the Federal-aid Interstate, Primary, Urban and Secondary Highway Systems, as well as projects on the Forest Highway System.
The district office staff is as follows:
J. S. Call, District Engineer Wm. M. Danielson, Programs and Planning J. A. Temple, Design Wilbur B. King, Construction and Maintenance Lyman C. Bradley, Bridge Engineer John T. Little, Administration
Highway Engineers
Hugh L. Chamberlain Thomas P. Griffin L. Silas Moore Henry P. Parrish M.D. Stanley 0. B. Walker Herman L. Gaines (On leave, District Engineer, Liberia,
Africa)

Twenty-Fifth Report, State Highway Department of Georgia 33
These trained engineers and specialists advise with State Highway Department engineers on details in connection with route locations, surveys, design, construction and maintenance of Federal-aid projects. Frequent inspections are made of construction work and the maintenance condition of all projects involving Federal participation.
The basic facts developed through cooperative traffic, engineering and economic studies by the Division of Highway Planning and the Bureau of Public Roads are utilized in the preparation and review of highway programs, designation of Interstate, Primary, Urban, Secondary and Forest Highway Systems, and to determine the priorities and type of highway improvements.
History of Organization
This agency was created in 1893 as the Office of Road Inquiry in the Department of Agriculture and later the name was changed to Bureau of Public Roads. Under Federal Reorganization Plan No. 1, the personnel and functions of the Bureau of Public Roads were transferred to the Federal Works Agency and the name of the organization was changed to Public Roads Administration, effective July 1, 1939.
Under Reorganization Plan No. 7, effective August 20, 1949, the Public Roads Administration was transferred to the Department of Commerce and the organization was given again the name of Bureau of Public Roads.
The Highway Department desires to express its sincere appreciation for the cooperation and services rendered by the Bureau of Public Roads.

34 Twenty-Fifth Report, State Highway Depa1tment of Georgia

MILLIONS OF DOLLARS

; 0

~
0

"0 '

~
0

~
0

"0 '

I

\ \ ~

~

~ +---~~~;~~\~\~~'\---+---+--~---r--1---+---~--~

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:.4---~----+--,+----+-~,~v~~----+----+----+----r--~----,_---+-

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+----+----~--~---4~~\~+-~~}----r----~--~---+----+----r----~

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- ~, .... ...... --~--.....

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A tabulation of the road-user revenue and appropriations for road jmrposes appears on opposite page.

ROAD-USER REVENUE COLLECTED BY STATE OF GEORGIA AND APPROPRIATIONS FOR ROAD PURPOSES
1937 - 1953

Calendar Year
1937 1938 1939 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 1946 1947 1948 1949 1950 1951 1952 1953

Motor-Fuel Tax
$19,550,144 19,630,315 21,046,637 22,802,364 26,048,632 21,539,607 18,181,984 20,231,665 23,173,083 30,964,547 34,620,424 36,529,630 41,600,658 51,087,455 52,596,610 52,819,626 55,753,434

ROAD-USER REVENUE

Motor-Vehicle
I Registration Fees

Total Road-User Revenue

$1,303,956 1,653, 713 1,883,117 2,044,372 2,226,150
2,228,699 2,227,164 2,374,501 2,54 7,921 2,897,807 3,409,971 3,276,965 3,794,594
4,371,044 4,789,069 5,137,796 5,646,011

$20,854,100 21,284,028 22,929,754 24,846,736 28,274,782 23,768,306 20,409,148 22,606,166 25,721,004 33,862,354 38,030,395
39,806,595 45,395,252 55,458,499 57,385,679 57,957,422
61,399,445

APPROPRIATIONS FOR ROAD PURPOSES

Payments to State Highway
Department

Payments to Counties for Roads

Total Appropriations for
Road Purposes

$ 7,953,547 13,980,195 15,278,123 16,585,235 18,485,761 16,225,581 11,107,802
10,259,028 14,444,957
25,414,954 18,344,134
39,823,877 24,480,165 27,416,711 41,705,696 50,415,960
41,784,755

$3,153,237 3,420,343 3,364,984 3,954,484 4,190,140 4,393,721 4,300,000 4,300,000 4,558,503 4,817,013
4,817,013 4,817,013 4,817,013 4,817,013 7,067,013 9,317,013 9,037,506

$11,106,784 17,400,538 18,643,107 20,539,719 22,675,901
20,619,302 15,407,802 14,559,028 19,003,460 30,231,967 23,161,147 44,640,890 29,297,178 32,233,724 48,772,709
59,732,973 50,822,261

Totals $548,176,815

$51,812,850

$599,989,665

I $393,706,481

$85,142,009

$478,848,490

36 Twenty-Fi fth Repo1t , State Highway Depa?'t?nent of Geo1gia
Top, old bTid ae oveT T y T y Creek, on U. S . 82, between Tifton and Sylvester, w hich w as of the concTete deck giTder type, 18-foot clear width, built in 192 1. Bottom, new bridge of concrete airder decks on conaete pile bents,
28-foot clear width. Pmjec t F-026-2 (3).

Twenty-Fifth Report, State Highway Department of Georgia 37
The Federal-Aid Highway Program
The Federal-Aid Road Act of July 11, 1916, launched the Federal Government on a nationwide cooperative plan of highway improvement. A vital feature of this first Act was that the Federal Government was "-authorized to cooperate with the States through their respective State highway departments-."
The Federal Highway Act of 1921 provided for the selection of the Federal-aid Highway System and a continuation of the cooperative Federal-aid plan with initiative in the selection of projects resting with the State highway departments. Since 1921 there have been a number of perfecting amendments which strengthened the legislation and facilitated the highway program. One of these changes provided for Federal participation in the cost of surveys and plans and right-of-way. Another amendment, recognizing the hazards to life and impediments to highway traffic existing at railway grade crossings, authorized the use of Federal-aid funds to the extent of 100 per cent of the construction costs for the elimination or protection of such crossings.
Diversion of Road-User Revenue
Another amendment expressed the policy that all roaduser revenues should be used for highway purposes and provided that the apportionment of Federal funds to each State would be subject to reduction because of diversion to other than highway purposes of road-user revenues. Section 12 of the Hayden-Cartwright Act of June 18, 1934, ( 48 Stat. 995) reads as follows:
"Since it is unfair and unjust to tax motor-vehicle transportation unless the proceeds of such taxation are applied to the construction, improvement, or maintenance of highways, after June 30, 1935, Federal aid for highway construction shall be extended only to those States that use at least the amounts now provided by law for such purpose in each State from motor-vehicle registration fees, licenses, gaso-

38 Twenty-Fifth Report, State Highway Department o.f Georgia
line taxes, and other special taxes on motor-vehicle owners and operators of all kinds for the construction, improvement, and maintenance of highways and administrative expenses in connection therewith, including the retirement of bonds for the payment of which such revenues have been pledged, and for no other purposes, under such regulations as the Secretary of Agriculture shall promulgate from time to time ; Provided, That in no case shall the provisions of this section operate to deprive any State of more than one-third of the amount to which that State would be entitled under any apportionment hereafter made, for the fiscal year for which the apportionment is made."
Highway Planning
Another important change in the Federal-Aid Highway Act was the provision first carried in Section 11 of the Hayden-Cartwright Act of June 18, 1934, authorizing the use of 11;2 per cent of the Federal-aid apportionment to any State for engineering and economic studies for advance planning. The fact-finding studies which were inaugurated under this provision came to be known as Statewide Highway Planning Surveys and are carried on in Georgia by the Division of Highway Planning. The wisdom of this provision has been amply demonstrated, and the Highway Planning Surveys of the various States are continuing to provide the information so vital and essential to sound planning.
Apportionments
The following section of this report contains information as to the class of roads included in each of the several Federal-aid Highway Systems, and a tabulation at the end of this section shows the amounts of the Federal-aid apportionments to Georgia since the first appropriation in 1917.
The Federal-aid Primary funds were apportioned to the various States on the basis of one-third according to area, onethird according to population, and one-third according to the mileage of rural delivery routes and star mail routes.

Twenty-Fifth Report, State Highway Department of Georgia 39
The Federal-aid Secondary funds were apportioned on the basis of one-third according to area, one-third according to rural population, and one-third according to mileage of rural delivery routes and star mail routes.
The Urban Highway funds were apportioned according to the population of municipalities or other urban places of 5,000 or more population.
Funds for the improvement of the National System of Interstate Highways were first authorized in the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1952, for the fiscal years 1954 and 1955, and were apportioned on the same basis as outlined above for Federalaid Primary funds. The Interstate funds authorized in the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1954, for the fiscal years 1956 and 1957, were to be apportioned on the basis of one-half according to population and one-half in the same manner as the Federal-aid Primary funds.
It is required that all Primary, Secondary, Urban and Interstate funds be matched by the State on a 50-50 basis, except that the Interstate funds for the years 1956 and 1957 are
to be matched on the basis of 60 o/c Federal and 40% State,
and with the further exception that ten per cent of the sum authorized for each class of projects may be expended on railway-highway projects without State matching.
The funds for the fiscal years 1954, 1955 and 1956 were made available for a period of two years after the close of the fiscal year for which authorized. The funds are deemed to have been expended when placed under formal project agreement; i. e. after bids have been opened and the Bureau of Public Roads has concurred in the award of the contract, and the project agreement has been executed by the State Highway Department and the Bureau of Public Roads.
Use of Federal-Aid Funds
Federal-aid funds may be used to retire bonds issued by the States, counties, cities or other political subdivisions where proceeds of such bonds are used to accelerate the construction of toll-free facilities on the National System of Interstate Highways, the Federal-aid Rural Primary System or the Federal-aid Urban Primary System, provided the work is done

40 Twenty-Fifth Report, State Highway Depa1tment of Georgia
under plans approved in advance by the Commissioner of Public Roads.
Railway-highway projects may be financed with up to 100 per cent Federal funds from not to exceed ten per cent of the State's total apportionment of Primary, Secondary, Urban and Interstate funds.
Preliminary engineering and construction engineering, surveys, plans, and right-of-way costs are eligible for Federal participation, as well as the actual cost of construction.
If any plans are submitted involving the by-passing of a city or town, the State Highway Department shall certify to the Commissioner of Public Roads that it has had public hearings and considered the economic effects of such a location.
Programming of Projects
Following apportionment of a year's authorization, the State Highway Department submits programs of projects for improvement with the funds. These programs are reviewed by the Public Roads District Engineer and his recommendations, together with the recommendations of the Public Roads Division Engineer, are forwarded with the program to the Washington office for approval. Approval of a program represents a commitment to the State that it may proceed to acquire right-of-way and take necessary steps preliminary to placing each project under construction.
Federal-Aid Fiscal Procedure
Federal funds for highway work are not turned over to the State in advance of construction. Instead, they are paid to the State in the form of reimbursement during and after the period that the work is in progress. They are paid only on projects for which the plans have been approved previously by the Bureau of Public Roads and for which the work is conducted in accordance with the applicable requirements established by the Bureau of Public Roads. The State Highway Department makes payments from State funds to the contractor on monthly estimates of the dollar value of work that has been accomplished on a project. The State Highway Department then submits monthly progress vouchers for the work

Twenty-Fifth Report, State Highway Department of Georgia 41
accomplished on which the Federal Government makes prompt payment.
A project is reported completed when the major elements of construction are done and the road or bridge is open to traffic. To secure final reimbursement the State Highway Department then submits a final voucher to the Bureau of Public Roads indicating the various construction items and claiming the Federal portion due but not paid on progress vouchers. Final reimbursement is not made until the project has been finally inspected and a determination made by field engineers of the Bureau of Public Roads that it was constructed in accordance with the approved plans, specifications and estimates, and a detail audit made of the claim by a Federal auditor.

APPORTIONMENT OF FEDERAL-AID HIGHWAY FUNDS TO GEORGIA

Fiscal Year Ending June 30
1917.. 1918 1919 1920 . 1921 -
1922 1923 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 1931 .. 1932 1933 1934 .. 1935 1936 1937 1938 1939 . 1940 1941 1942 1943 .. 1944 1945 ... 1946 1947 ... 1948 1949 1950 195L 1952 .. 1953 1954 1955 1956 ..
Totals ..

FederalAid
Primary

FederalAid
Secondary

Urban Highways

Interstate System

FederalAid Grade
Crossing

Emergency Advance

Emergency

National Recovery

U.S. Works Program

$ 134,329.48 $ 268,658.96
1,749,954.20 . 2,557,485.02 2,697,150.96 1,997,957.58 1,331,971.72 1,729,366.09
1,983.022.99 2,000,867.00 . 1,981,189.00 1,979,209.00 1,980,015.00 1,980,443.00 3,318,280.00 3.316,029.00 2,753,344.80 .

$ $ -----------

$

$

$

$

3j68,22i.oo
3,168,222.00 . 3.233,279.00 3.154,850.00 2.507,151.00 2,509,551.00 2,519,366.00 2,517,196.00

5,648;564:oo
5,644,683.00 5,571,736.00
s:o26,124:oo
5,017,556.00 5,535,806.00 5,491,196.00 6.059,367.00 6,093,832.00 7,815,446.00

4,3Hi;45ioo
4,307,866.00 4,252,241.00
s:ss4.69ii:oo
3,828,985.00 4,224,971.00 4,190,994.00 4,627, 705.00 4.654,049.00 5,968,900.00

1,622,008.00 I ,622,008.00 1,601,213.00
11,.44441(o,09911:.o0o0
I, 778,042.00 1,764,294.00 I ,955, 727.00 I ,965,8'18.0C 2,521,183.00

$114,441,419.80 $47,055,935.00 $17,712,465.00 $5,283,673.00 $4,558,555.00 $2,077,996.00 $3,123,298.00 $15.204,676.00 $9,884,916.00

APPORTIONMENT OF FEDERAL-AID HIGHWAY FUNDS TO GEORGIA-Continued

Fiscal Year E n din~ .Tune 30
1917 1918 1919 1920 1921. 1922 .. 1923 .. 1924 .. 1925 . 1926. 1927 1928 1929 1930 1931 1932 1933 1934. 1935 ... 1936 1937 1938 1939 .. 1940 1941 1942 .. 1943 1944 1945 1946 1947 1948 1949 1950 1951. 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956

Forest Highways

Public Works Adminis-
tration

~

Flood Relief

~2,366,642.08

Defense Access Highways

Strategic Network

Advance Engineering

Flight Strips
$

$629,229.00

Total for Year
All Funds
$ 139,680.15 273,940.65
1,798,847.29 2,606,625.62 2, 746,597.13 2,016,553.66 1,358, 752.23 I , 750,878.53 2,004,872.54 2,033,972.81 2,013,391.67 2,013,999.94 2,007,298.94 2,012,962.55 5,951,406.28 6,504,924.34 12,975,547.66 5,253,017.03 9,919,022. 76 3.203,520.86 3,199,630.18 5,176,572.83 5,720,237.05 3,405,917.80 3,590,547.16 3,541,035.69 6,540,476.26 2,291,681.26 1,112,011.20 12.420,474.03 11,775,635.00 11,425,190.00
218,763.35 10,382,055.00 10,368,802.00 13,851 '765.00 12,743,936.00 13,786,559.00 13,414,299.00 20,428,496.00
$233,979,896.45

44 Twenty-Fifth Re1Jo1t, State Highway Depa1tment of Ge01gia
T [ o views of grade sejJaration structure over Atlantic Coast L ine Railroad on Stat e R oute 41 ( U.S . 27 Alternate) between Warm SfJTin (Ts and Man-
chester. Pro ject F-024-1 (2).

Twenty-Fifth Report, State Highway Department of Georgia 45
Highway Systems
Classification of highways is made necessary by the several plans of highway financing that have been developed during the years by the State and Federal Governments. Each plan of financing limits itself to particular highways or kinds of highways and thus establishes a new classification. It is possible for a highway to be on two or more systems. For example, a road may be on both the State Highway System and the Federal-aid Primary System; or a road may be classified as a County Road, a Post Road, and a Federal-aid Secondary Road. The classes of highways in Georgia based on methods of financing are as follows:
1. National System of Interstate Highways. 2. Federal-aid Rural Primary System. 3. Federal-aid Urban Primary System. 4. Federal-aid Secondary System. 5. Forest Highway System. 6. State Highway System. 7. Post Roads. 8. County Roads.
The System of United States Numbered Highways was established for reasons other than financing, as will be explained under that heading.
National System of Interstate Highways
The National System of Interstate Highways, selected by the State Highway Departments in cooperation with the Bureau of Public Roads, was approved on August 2, 1947. In recommending routes, the States were governed by the Federal-aid Highway Act of 1944 which provided for the designation of a 40,000-mile system connecting the principal centers of the country and serving the national defense. This trunkline highway net connects all of the largest cities and most of the larger ones. All routes on the National System of Interstate Highways not already included in the Federal-aid Primary System were automatically added thereto by law, and, therefore, are eligible for improvement with Federal-aid Pri-

46 Twenty-F'ifth Report, State Highway Depa1tment of Georgia
mary and Urban funds. No special funds had been appropriated for the development of the Interstate Highways prior to the Federal-aid Highway Act of 1952, but that Act and the Act of 1954 authorized a separate and additional appropriation for the purpose of expediting the construction, reconstruction and improvement of the National System of Interstate Highways. As these routes are improved they will be built to design standards somewhat higher than those governing other roads. The Interstate design standards call for fourlane divided highways wherever traffic is 800 vehicles or more per hour in peak hours. The National System of Interstate Highways in Georgia contained 1,132.3 miles as of June 30, 1954.
Federal-Aid Rural Primary System
The Federal-aid Rural Primary System comprises those highways which have been designated under authority of the Federal Highway Act of 1921 as highways eligible to have Federal-aid Primary funds expended upon them. The highways in this system are selected and designated by mutual agreement between the State Highway Department and the U. S. Bureau of Public Roads. The Federal-aid Rural Primary System in Georgia as of June 30, 1954, consisted of 6,904.3 miles, exclusive of 158.6 miles within Federal reservations.
Federal-Aid Urban Primary System
The Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1944 requires the selection of a system of Federal-aid routes in urban areas of 5,000 or more population, according to the latest available Federal census. Under the urban definition established for use in the 1950 U. S. Census, this includes unincorporated places as well as incorporated municipalities. The system is selected so as to provide a comprehensive network of arterials serving the major flow lines of traffic within the urban areas, including terminal routes, and distribution routes serving the Federalaid Primary System lying outside the boundaries of the urban areas. This system is referred to as the Federal-aid Urban Primary System and is being selected by study of all presently approved Federal-aid Primary, Federal-aid Secondary, and State Highway System extensions within urban area bounda-

Twenty-Fifth Report, State Highway Depa1tment of Georgia 47
ries, and all other routes of primary arterial significance for the service of traffic within the designated areas. The system is selected by the State Highway Department in cooperation with the city officials and approved by the Bureau of Public Roads. Only those routes included in the approved system are eligible for improvement with Federal-aid Urban funds. The system has been approved by the Bureau of Public Roads for 21 cities in Georgia and pending final selection and approval of the individual system in each city, all portions of Federal-aid Primary routes within the urban areas are included in the Urban Primary System. As of June 30, 1954, the Federal-aid Urban Primary System consisted of 340.3 miles.
Federal-Aid Secondary System
The Federal-Aid Highway Acts of 1936 and 1944 provided for the selection and designation of a system of principal secondary and feeder roads, including farm-to-market roads, rural mail routes, and school-bus routes, but not limited to roads of these specific descriptions. These roads are selected by the State Highway Department in cooperation with the county commissioners and approved by the Bureau of Public Roads, and are the only roads on which Federal-aid Secondary funds may be expended. The approved System as of June 30, 1954, contained 12,556 miles, of which 6,627 miles were also on the State High way System.
The Federal-aid Secondary System may include roads inside of municipalities of less than 5,000 population. Urban boundaries have been established by the State Highway Department and approved by the Bureau of Public Roads for all but one of the cities having a population of 5,000 or more, according to the census of 1950. A map showing the urban boundaries has been forwarded to the mayor of each city, and to the county commissioners of the county in which the city is located. Extensions of Federal-aid Secondary routes through urban areas of over 5,000 population are included in the total mileage of the Secondary System, but such extensions are ineligible for improvement with Federal-aid Secondary funds and may be financed only with Federal-aid Urban funds.

48 Twenty-Fifth Report, State Highway Department of Georgia

Forest Highway System

Roads wholly or partly within, adjoining or adjacent to and serving the national forests are known as forest roads. The Forest Highway System consists of those forest roads of primary importance to the State, counties or communities, and which have been selected and designated by the Commissioner of Public Roads of the Bureau of Public Roads, U. S. Department of Commerce, and the Chief of the Forest Service of the U. S. Department of Agriculture as constituent parts of the Forest Highway System. Forest Highways are classified as follows:

Class 1. On the Federal-aid Rural Primary System. Class 2. On the Federal-aid Secondary System. Class 3. Other Forest Highways.

The mileage of the Forest Highway System in Georgia as of

June 30, 1954, was as follows:

Class L__ __

_ __

153.4 miles

Class 2__ ___

__

_ ______ _

147.9 miles

Class 3__ ___

______ _

63.0 miles

Total

364.3 miles

The Forest Highway System may be increased or decreased in mileage when the proposed modifications have been jointly agreed up and recommended by the State Highway Department, the Regional Forester, the District Engineer and the Division Engineer of the Bureau of Public Roads, and approved by the Commissioner of Public Roads and the Chief of the Forest Service. Funds for the construction of Forest Highways are provided by Congressional appropriation and are usually included in the same Act as other Federal-aid Highway funds. The funds are prorated and apportioned among the several states according to the area and value of the national forests, and the construction work is supervised by the Division Engineer of the Bureau of Public Roads.

State Highway System
Roads on the State Highway System are located, constructed, improved and maintained by the State Highway Department. The original system of 4,800 miles was established

Twenty-Fifth Report, State Highway Department of Georgia 49
under the provisions of an Act of the General Assembly of Georgia, approved August 18, 1919. This Act provided that the State Highway Board should designate the system of interconnecting county-seat public roads as State-aid Roads. An amendment of 1921 increased the limit to 5,500 miles, an amendment of 1925 increased it to 6,300 miles, and other increases were made by amendments passed in 1929 and 1933. An Act approved February 12, 1938, gave the State Highway Board the right and authority to designate any public road in the State as a State-aid Road, with no limitation by statute as to the mileage of the State Highway System.
An Act of the General Assembly, approved March 17, 1943, which abolished the State Highway Board and created a State Highway Department under a State Highway Director, and a State Highway Commission, authorized and empowered the State Highway Director to place on the State Highway System any roads he deemed necessary to the best interests of the State, when approved by a majority of the State Highway Commission, by first giving written notice to the county road authorities concerned thirty days prior to such action. This Act of March 17, 1943, was repealed by an Act of the General Assembly, approved February 2, 1950.
The Act of February 2, 1950, as amended, which created the present State Highway Board, contains a section which reads in part as follows:
"The present State Highway system mileage, known as State-aid roads, as shown by the records of the State Highway Department at the time of the passage of this amendment shall remain on the State highway system mileage and be maintained by the State Highway Department. Provided, however, the State Highway Board shall have the right to substitute, relocate, and abandon any or all of the State highway system mileage in building new roads or bridges or in improving the State highway system roads and bridges, keeping in view only the control points as shown by the present State highway system. In relocating, resurveying, substituting and abandoning any road, bridge or right-of-way on the State highway system, the State Highway Board

50 Twenty-Fifth Report, State Highway Depa1tment of Geo1gia
shall confer with the ordinary or county commissioners concerned, as the case may be, and give due consideration to their wishes in the said relocation, resurveying, substitution and abandonment, but in case of disagreement the judgment of the State Highway Board shall prevail. The State Highway Board shall prescribe appropriate rules and regulations by which new mileage may be added to the State highway system. Provided, however, no new mileage shall be added to the State highway system until 90% of the roads and bridges of the State highway system are paved, except in emergencies or unusual situations as shown by appropriate resolutions entered on the minutes of the State Highway Board."
The State Highway System contained 15,121.3 miles as of June 30, 1954. Streets within municipalities which form a continuation of, or link in, the State Highway System are a part of the system.
Post Roads
All rural roads over which United States mail is carried are postal routes; however, in Georgia only such roads which are not on the State Highway System are classified as Post Roads. The Act of 1937 which established the Post Roads Division within the State Highway Department and authorized the expenditure of State funds for the construction of Post Roads, also authorized the State Highway Department to construct farm-to-market roads, so that generally the term "Post Roads" is applied to all public roads in Georgia not on the State Highway System.
Post Roads and farm-to-market roads may be constructed by the State Highway Department to the extent that funds are made available, but the construction and maintenance of such roads are primarily the responsibility of the counties. There are 72,332.6 miles of Post Roads and farm-to-market roads in Georgia not on the State Highway System. All of these roads are classified also as County Roads, inasmuch as they are under the control and jurisdiction of the counties.

Twenty-Fifth Report, State Highway Department of Ge01gia 51
County Roads
All rural roads in the State not on the State Highway System nor within Federal or State reservations are classified as County Roads. The counties are responsible for the construction and maintenance of these roads; although, as stated above, the State Highway Department undertakes to construct as many of them as possible with Federal-aid Secondary funds and State funds. The county commissioners (or ordinary in counties having no commissioners) are authorized to open and locate new roads. There are 72,332.6 miles of County Roads, including roads in State parks, national forests, and State reservations. These are classified also as Post Roads and farm-to-market roads and include 5,929 miles on the Federal-aid Secondary System.
United States Numbered Highways
In 1926, the American Association of State Highway Officials (being composed of all the State Highway Departments and the Bureau of Public Roads of the Federal Government) selected a limited system of State roads to carry continuous numbers across the country so as to facilitate travel on the main interstate lines, over the shortest routes and the best roads. These roads are designated by the use of the United States shield as the insignia, and are commonly referred to as U.S. Routes or U. S. Numbered Highways. The establishment of a U. S. number as a guide for interstate travel over certain roads has no connection with the designation of Federal funds for road construction and, therefore, the U. S. Highway numbers should not be confused with route numbers assigned to the Federal-aid Highway System. The U. S. numbers may recognize a State road which has been constructed entirely by the use of State funds.
Additions, changes, extensions, revisions or reductions in the U. S. Numbered System are made by the Executive Committee of the American Association of State Highway Officials, after consulting with the Highway Department of the States affected. The established policies of the Executive Committee provide that no additional road shall be added to the U. S. Numbered System, and no existing U. S. road shall be extended except where there is a definite showing of an ade-

52 T wenty-Fifth Re7Jmt, State Highway Depattment of Geo1gia
Top, old brid ae at Cordray's Mill, on State R out e 234, between Albany and Morgan, which has been repla ced by all concrete brid ae shown below.
Pro ject SAP /661-A ( 13).

Twenty-Fifth Report, State Highway Department of Georgia 53
quately improved highway carrying an established and necessary line of interstate traffic not otherwise provided for by existing U. S. routes and for which traffic adequate service cannot be provided by State route numbers. Also, no new U. S. routes located wholly within one State may be established, nor may any new U. S. route be established which is less than 300 miles in length.

54 Twenty-Fifth Report, State Highway Department of Georgia

MILEAGE OF HIGHWAYS, BY SYSTEMS June 30, 1954

I &I State
Highway

Countv

Chy Streets

System Road; . Alleys* Total

Federal-aid Rural

I
l

Primary System Federal-aid Urban

6,959.3

103.6. I ... ------I

7,062.9

I

Primary System ..

300.7

-- ---

39.6 340.3

Federal-aid Secondary

System --------- ---------Not on any Federal-aid
System ------

6,627.0 5,929.0 .......... J2,556.0 I !
1,234.3 66,300.0 7,443.5174,977.8

Total . 15,121.3 72,332.6 --------- .. ---- ------------ 7,483.1 94,937.0

'1'Mileage of city streets and alleys is estimated. Urban extensions of State Highway System and County Roads within incorporated places are included in the mileage of the respective systems and are not classified as city streets. Also, the mileage of the Federal-aid Secondary System includes extensions through incorporated places.

Twenty-Fifth Report, State Highway Department of Georgia 55

MILEAGE OF STATE HIGHWAY SYSTEM AND COUNTY ROADS, BY TYPE OF SURFACE
June 30, 1954

State Highway
System

Unimproved

77.3

Graded and Drained

1,435.3

Soil-Surfaced

1,112.1

Gravel or Stone ............ . 491.6

Low-Type Bituminous

5,488.6

High-Type Bituminous

4,641.3

Portland Cement Concrete 1,862.3

Brick or Block

12.8

Total .....................

15,121.3

County Roads
5,220.2 46,493.7
8,964.1 6,928.2 3,722.1
752.4 244.9
7.0
72,332.6

Total
5,297.5 47,929.0 10,076.2
7,419.8 9,210.7 5,393.7 2,107.2
19.8
87,453.9

56 Twenty-Fifth Repo1t, State Highway Depa1tment of Geo1gia
Four-lane bridge over Flint R iver on relocation of U . S. 19, at Albany. Project AU-006-2 ( 2).

Another view of the bridge described on the opposite page.

58 Twenty-Fifth Rep01t, State Highway Depa1tment of Ge01gia

MILEAGE OF STATE HIGHWAY SYSTEM 1920- 1954

Date

Mileage

December 31, 1920

4,800.0

December 31, 192L

5,500.0

December 31, 1922

5,500.0

December 31, 1923

5,854.7

December 31, 1924

6,248.8

December 31, 1925 _

6,648.8

December 31, 1926

7,048.8

December 31, 1927

7,061.4

December 31, 1928

7,075.6

December 31, 1929

7,090.6

June 30, 1930

7,124.4

June 30, 1931

7,138.5

June 30, 1932

8,196.8

June 30, 1933

___ 8,498.3

June 30, 1934__

8,876.2

June 30, 1935 __ June 30, 1936 ____ ___

9,206.4 9,272.8

June 30, 1937

_____ 10,118.6

June 30, 1938

10,952.8

June 30, 1939 _______________ 11,215.4

June 30, 1940 June 30, 1941 June 30, 1942____

11,907.7 13,212.5 ___ 13,223.7

June 30, 1943

13,968.6

June 30, 1944

13,995.3

June 30, 1945

14,003.2

June 30, 1946 June 30, 1947

13,808.2 _______ 14,285.4

June 30, 1948 June 30, 1949_

14,385.5 __14,876.8

June 30, 1950

15,201.9

June 30, 1951

15,175.6

June 30, 1952 June 30, 1953 ____

15,228.9 15,097.8

June 30, 1954

___ 15,121.3

Twenty-Fifth Repmt, State Highway Department of Gemgia 59

MILEAGE OF STATE HIGHWAY SYSTEM AND COUNTY ROADS, BY COUNTIES
June 30, 1954

County
Appling Atkinson Bacon Baker Baldwin Banks Barrow Bartow Ben Hill Berrien Bibb Bleck ley Brantley Brooks Bryan Bulloch Burke Butts Calhoun Camden Candler Carroll Catoosa Charlton Chatham Chattahoochee Chattooga Cherokee Clarke Clay Clayton Clinch

Certified State
Highway System Milear.;e
129.16 92.69 69.76 78.57 67.59 75.78 77.91
129.57 78.23
119.01 97.82 67.83 96.96
110.00 80.17
119.41 138.17
57.24 77.16 106.79 48.38 155.79 59.18 114.37 91.66 37.90 50.90 109.37 45.88 46.12 71.25 145.05

County Road System Mileage
683.08 417.46 462.78 298.83 273.08 405.66 326.19 724.25 326.86 617.40 390.16 299.42 428.70 607.73 217.01 1104.04 1052.92 296.95 292.08 261.51 386.06 1013.44 254.26 201.03 275.81
59.68 465.94 788.56 184.72 182.62 321.22 452.17

Total Public Road
Milear.;e
812.24 510.15 532.54 377.40 340.67 481.44 404.10 853.82 405.09 736.41 487.98 367.25 525.66 717.73 297.18 1223.45 1191.09 354.19 369.24 368.30 434.44 1169.23 313.44 315.40 367.47
97.58 516.84 897.93 230.60 228.74 392.47 597.22

60 Twenty-Fifth Report, State Highway Department of Georgia

MILEAGE OF STATE HIGHWAY SYSTEM AND COUNTY ROADS, BY COUNTIES
June 30, 1954

County
Cobb Coffee Colquitt Columbia Cook Coweta Crawford Crisp Dade Dawson Decatur DeKalb Dodge Dooly Dougherty Douglas Early Echols Effingham Elbert Emanuel Evans Fannin Fayette Floyd Forsyth Franklin Fulton Gilmer Glascock Glynn Gordon

Certified State
Highway System Mileage
131.45 182.97 139.32
84.78 48.57 106.05 71.05 72.29 76.98 89.36 125.35 131.15 133.33 90.32 103.75 67.67 126.47 87.97 94.92 92.26 198.86 54.13 95.91 80.26 106.30 62.53 100.22 236.63 77.73 43.03 101.41 74.54

County Road System Mileage
713.12 712.95 847.96 296.26 412.42 691.00 409.67 508.27 207.46 208.24 668.89 704.07 728.99 648.18 256.24 357.29 560.77 215.33 445.80 624.80 838.98 237.54 357.29 357.66 639.48 459.01 568.83 1353.86 579.07 189.90 207.83 533.59

Total Public Road
Mileage
844.57 895.92 987.28 381.04 460.99 797.05 480.72 580.56 284.44 297.60 794.24 835.22 862.32 738.50 359.99 424.96 687.24 303.30 540.72 717.06 1037.84 291.67 453.20 437.92 745.78 521.54 669.05 1590.49 656.80 232.93 309.24 608.13

Twenty-Fifth Report, State Highway Department of Georgia 61

MILEAGE OF STATE HIGHWAY SYSTEM AND COUNTY ROADS, BY COUNTIES
June 30, 1954

County
Grady Greene Gwinnett Habersham Hall Hancock Haralson Harris Hart Heard Henry Houston Irwin Jackson Jasper Jeff Davis Jefferson Jenkins Johnson Jones Lamar Lanier Laurens Lee Liberty Lincoln Long Lowndes Lumpkin McDuffie Mcintosh Macon

Certified State
Highway System Mileage
137.05 83.42
142.58 91.77
146.65 80.37 76.46
130.99 86.13 71.16 86.30
103.10 75.52 94.68
119.88 75.89
167.80 72.05 85.32 88.79 51.49 98.68
186.81 79.91 78.78 81.05 67.23
144.89 85.88 70.11 74.04
152.70

County Road System Mileage
566.01 404.89 961.25 421.23 860.00 437.72 555.00 479.66 565.04 435.07 624.97 392.29 441.90 617.66 394.57 493.76 548.27 406.62 399.65 402.76 325.30 202.27 1112.43 361.71 178.28 210.64 183.94 686.65 319.48 308.26 121.14 431.21

Total Public Road
Mileage
703.06 488.31 1103.83 513.00 1006.65 518.09 631.46 610.65 651.17 506.23 711.27 495.39 517.42 712.34 514.45 569.65 716.07 478.67 484.97 491.55 376.79 300.95 1299.24 441.62 257.06 291.69 251.17 831.54 405.36 378.37 195.18 583.91

62 Twenty-Jt'ifth Report, State Highway Department of Georgia

MILEAGE OF STATE HIGHWAY SYSTEM AND COUNTY ROADS, BY COUNTIES
June 30, 1954

County
Madison Marion Meriwether Miller Mitchell Monroe Montgomery Morgan Murray Musco gee Newton Oconee Oglethorpe Paulding Peach Pickens Pierce Pike Polk Pulaski Putnam Quitman Rabun Randolph Richmond Rockdale Schley Screven Seminole Spalding Stephens Stewart

Certified State
Highway System Mileage
114.81 92.79
138.99 57.00
165.20 129.91
74.18 69.81 86.86 86.71 115.69 57.73 78.48 93.12 47.31 86.99 75.03 48.56 72.64 75.54 71.57 35.33 68.46 75.74 93.64 54.31 58.42 115.87 58.47 54.29 61.54 62.92

County Road System Mileage
592.58 366.60 672.54 404.05 651.23 437.00 341.34 460.03 420.49 253.96 415.40 261.32 549.49 576.87 208.26 391.49 483.24 376.02 427.82 269.28 312.78 140.14 285.26 420.21 427.31 233.54 205.35 595.13 310.15 440.78 350.22 348.31

Total Public Road
Mileage
707.39 459.39 811.53 461.05 816.43 566.91 415.52 529.84 507.35 340.67 531.09 319.05 627.97 669.99 255.57 478.48 558.27 424.58 500.46 344.82 384.35 175.47 353.72 495.95 520.95 287.85 263.77 711.00 368.62 495.07 411.76 411.23

Twenty-Fifth Report, State Highway Department of Georgia 63

MILEAGE OF STATE HIGHWAY SYSTEM AND COUNTY ROADS, BY COUNTIES
June 30, 1954

County
Sumter Talbot Taliaferro Tattnall Taylor Telfair Terrell Thomas Tift Toombs Towns Treutlen Troup Turner Twiggs Union Upson Walker Walton Ware Warren Washington Wayne Webster Wheeler White Whitfield Wilcox Wilkes

Certified State
Highway System Mileage
139.09 115.93
52.23 154.77 147.85 154.38
93.03 174.94
72.00 121.23
60.64 80.23 139.99 79.42 77.12 73.67 73.29 116.36 92.59 137.01
88.66 153.82 106.30
49.30 85.02 69.16
75.51 112.32
94.65

County Road System Mileage
628.89 333.22 174.40 697.36 445.38 437.03 410.67 571.76 502.89 539.01 131.96 305.42 488.29 425.04 336.92 372.90 425.58 694.30 630.16 611.83 321.65 734.11 581.64 223.74
355.99 291.46
479.78 475.60 434.15

Total Public Road
Mileage
767.98 449.15 226.63 852.13 593.23 591.41 503.70 746.70 574.89 660.24 192.60 385.65 628.28 504.46 414.04 446.57 498.87 810.66 722.75 748.84 410.31 887.93 687.94 273.04 441.01 360.62 555.29 587.92 528.80

64 Twenty-Fifth Report, State Highway Department of Ge01gia

MILEAGE OF STATE HIGHWAY SYSTEM AND COUNTY ROADS, BY COUNTIES
June 30, 1954

County
Wilkinson Worth

Certified State
Highway System Mileage
97.77 134.44

County Road System
401.29 779.99

Total Public Road
Mileage
499.06 914.43

TOTAL

15,121.34

72,332.60

87,453.94

County Road System 11ileagc includes roads in National Forests, State Parks, and State Reservations.

Twenty-Fifth Report, State Highway Department of Georgia 65
Measurement and Record of Public Roads
Act No. 56 of the General Assembly, approved February 5, 1951, provides that the State Highway Department shall keep a record as accurate and up-to-date as is reasonably possible of all roads and bridges in the State. This record shall include the mileage of all roads and bridges on the various county road systems that are being maintained by the counties and the mileage of all roads and bridges which are a part of the State Highway System and are being maintained by the State Highway Department. The record shall show the mileage of roads in each county that is paved and unpaved, and such other information as to the condition, status, type and use as deemed necessary for sound long-range planning of construction and maintenance.
Measurement of Roads
The Act authorized the State Highway Board to employ personnel to go into the counties to inspect and measure the public roads and gather the information necessary for the compilation of the above records. The Highway Board directed the Division of Highway Planning to maintain the required records and to make the measurement of public roads in each county.
During this biennium, the measurement of roads has been made in 88 counties, which completes this work in all counties in the State. As specified in the Act, whenever a mileage inspection and measurement was to be made in a county, the county commissioners or other road authorities were contacted and requested to furnish a representative to accompany the engineers of the Highway Department in making the inspection and measurement.
The legislative Act provides that not more than every four years the county road authorities may request an official inspection and measurement of the roads in the county, under the uniform rules and regulations of the Highway Department,

66 Twenty-Fifth Report, State Highway Department of Gemgia
and the Highway Department shall comply with such request, but no county has had occasion to request a remeasurement.
Rules and Regulations
The legislative Act stipulates that the State Highway Board shall adopt rules and regulations to be uniformly applied throughout the State to govern the inspection and measurement of roads and to provide the necessary information for keeping the required records. Accordingly, the State Highway Board adopted the following resolution on March 28, 1951.
Resolution
"In accordance with provisions of Section 2 of Act No. 56 (SB 1) of the General Assembly (page 31 of Georgia Laws of 1951) directing that the State Highway Board shall prescribe the manner in which the State Highway Department shall keep an accurate record of all roads and bridges in the State, and that the said Board shall make rules and regulations to be uniformly applied throughout the State to provide the records required:
"BE IT RESOLVED THAT, to make uniform the classification of roads throughout the State and to establish definitions and descriptions by which roads may be correctly classified it is ordered that in measuring and surveying the roads in any county of the State, the roads to be recognized as Public Roads and included in the public road mileage for the county shall be:
1. Roads on the State Highway System.
2. County roads on which continuous maintenance operations are performed. These roads are those in the general traffic plan of the County System on which ditching, blading, structure maintenance and drainage operations are carried on. The existence of this condition can be determined by observation.
3. Roads on which slight, occasional or no maintenance is performed but for which the county is responsible for construction and maintenance. These may be roads of light traffic use or demand which are kept in passable

Twenty-Fifth Repo1t, State Highway Department of Georgia 67
condition. These roads may or may not be graded and drained. The soil and terrain may be of such nature that these roads be kept passable without constant care.
"Evidence of county responsibility for any specific road may be furnished by statements of reputable inhabitants of the area who assert their knowledge that the county has had and now has responsibility for the road. The county representative who is appointed to accompany the State inventory party may assert the county's responsibility.
"Other evidence that a road is a public road could be: Use as a regular school-bus route, or as a regular mail route, or as a route for general milk pick-up or as a general pick-up or delivery route for any other regular services to the area.
"This type road would in most cases but not necessarily in all cases have located upon it some cultural units such as dwellings or other traffic objectives or origins, and would serve either as a collector of traffic or as a connector for other roads.
"IT IS RESOLVED FURTHER THAT, in measuring the roads in the State, those roads that will not be recognized as Public Roads in any county nor included in total of roads in any county shall be any roads in the following-described classes:
1. Roads that are closed to unrestricted public use. The roads in this class would be any road which is obstructed by a fence across it, or a closed gate across it, or by a ditch or other blockade deliberately placed across the travel way, or a road on which posted signs warn that it is a private road or that users are declared to be trespassers and forbidden such use, or a road which bears evidence that it is not fully and freely open to use by the general public.
2. 'Roads that are woods or field trails only, and that are not the responsibility of the county. Roads in this class are those that serve as follows:
(a) Roads or trails that serve to provide access to timber, pulpwood, turpentine gum, etc.
(b) Field roads or trails that serve only for transportation of agricultural equipment and access to culti-

68 Twenty-Fifth Repo1t, State Highway De1Ja1tment o.f Geo1gia
Top, old bridae ove r Fallin a Creek on Toad between Round Oak and Juliette, in J ones Count)' Bottom, new bridge under constTUction. Project
S-1640 (2).

Twenty-Fifth Report, State Highway DepaFtment of GeMgia 69 vation. These types (a and b) frequently do not have permanent locations and which may be shifted or changed at varying periods.
3. Roads that are short service or entrance roads of less than one-half mile and which serve for not more than one cultural unit; a unit being one dwelling house, one or more dwelling houses under the same ownership, one business or one industry.
4. Roads that are abandoned. These roads are those which have ceased to be traffic bearing due to any cause, such as neglect of maintenance, and absence of any need for vehicular movement."
I
j j
j j j
j
j
J
I

HIGHWAY USE OF MOTOR FUEL IN GEORGIA

1925- 1952

900

900

800

r- 800

700

r- - 700

600

500

<I)

..z
0

400

..J

..J

."._

0 300

- r- r- - 600

"z.",.'

--------~~-

".'
~
.'!I
.., >-
z:> :::Jz
0
"""'"''""'

z~
.0~~- r- - -
;"z'"""
:::Jo
O ~"~' - 1----- r - - -
""'

r- r - '---

500

-

-

r-

400

en
15

..J ..J
.""._'

-

-

1----- - 1 - -

- r-- r- r- -

- - -

300 0

200 r-~--~---~--

- r - - - - - 1----- r - - r - - - 1----- - r - - 1-- 1-- - 200

100 1-- r-- -

-

r- r- -

1----- -

-

-

r- -

-

- ~

1----- r - 1----- r - -

-

r- -

r- -

- r -

r- I00

0

~
1925 26 27 28 29 1930 31 32 33 34 1935 36 37 38 39 1940 41 42 43 44 1945 46 4 7 48 49 1950 51 52

0

YEAR

A tabulation of the motor fuel used for highway purjJoses is presented on the opposite page.

Twenty-Fifth Report, State Highway Depa1tment of Geo1gia 71

HIGHWAY USE OF MOTOR FUEL IN GEORGIA 1925- 1952

Year

Thousand Gallons

1925

- - 133,548

1926 -

154,976

1927 -

- 183,896

1928 . ------ - 197,106

1929

. ___ 209,794

1930

- ...... ____ 213,089

1931

.... 211,767

1932

.

190,592

1933

202,196

1934

229,447

1935

. - 254,609

1936

.

. 287,284

1937 - 312,468

1938

319,246

1939 ........

339,877

1940

374,300

1941

406,781

1942

324,259

1943

282,739

1944

314,692

1945 -

.

367,726

1946

495,202

1947

568,404

1948 . --

579,048

1949

-

629,271

1950 -------

706,796

195L

_

778,131

1952 ---------

877,130

MOTOR-VEHICLE REGISTRATIONS IN GEORGIA 1910 -1953
1100

1000

900

BOO 700

600 500 400 300

ID PASSENGER CARS
0 TRUCKS Ill BUSSES

------~--
1---

f-- f-- f--

200
100 11----------o:\--1

1100 IOOC 900 BOO 700 600 500 400 300 200
Hl-m--llf--llf-111oo

A tabulation of the motor-vehicle registrations, by years, appears on the following pages.

Twenty-Fifth RepoTt, State Highway Depa1tment of Georgia 73

MOTOR-VEHICLE REGISTRATIONS IN GEORGIA 1910- 1953

(Publicly-owned vehicles not included)

Year

Automobiles

1910 -----------------

4,400

1911__ --

5,870

1912 ----------- 12,950

1913 ------------- --- 16,480

1914 ---------------

20,115

1915

2 4 , 0 0 0 - - - - - - - - - - - -

1916 ---------------

44,025

1917_ --

66,824

1918 -----------------

99,676

1919 ------ -----1920 __ --

127,000 134,000

1921_

----- 118,476

1922 ----------- 126,498 1923_ ----- ------ 151,420

1924 ----------------- 181,413

1925 ___ -----

217,578

1926 -

241,949

1927_ ------------ 262,630

1928 ----------- 277,881

1929

310,362

1930 ------ ---------- 294,461

1931

274,576

1932 _______ ---- 245,666

1933 ----------------- 278,935

1934 --- - - 314,576

1935_ ---------------- 325,950 1936 __ --------------- 335,696

1937_ 361,010 ----------------

1 9 3 8 __

356,609

1939 ------------ 384,773

1940_

412,439

1941 ----------------- 460,787

1942_

443,705

1943-

420,157

1944

423,746

Busses
2,155 2,067 2,161 2,613 2,595 2,716 2,982 3,134 3,242 2,910 3,269

Trucks
90 190 620 710 800 1,000 2,000 3,500 5,000 10,000 12,000 13,500 16,925 22,469 26,275 30,515 35,519 38,005 40,975 48,543 47,119 46,264 42,050 51,212 60,262 66,079 72,726 78,206 73,156 81,951 87,182 95,063 91,942 91,349 94,302

Total
4,490 6,060 13,570 17,190 20,915 25,000 46,025 70,324 104,676 137,000 146,000 131,976 143,423 173,889 207,688 248,093 277,468 300,635 318,856 358,905 341,580 320,840 287,716 330,147 376,993 394,096 410,583 441,829 432,360 469,440 502,603 558,984 538,889 514,416 521,317

Four-lan e overjJasses on relocation of Stat e R oute 50 ( U . S. 82 ) between Albany and S ylvester. L eft , Atlantic Coast Line Railroad. Rioht, Georaia North ern Railway. Project AF-026-2 ( 4).

Twenty-Fifth Report, State Highway Department of Georgia 75

MOTOR-VEHICLE REGISTRATIONS IN GEORGIA 1910- 1953
(Publicly-owned vehicles not included)

Year

Automobiles

1945 -------------1946 1947_ ---------------1948_ ----------1949 ----------------1950_ 1951 ----------1952 1953

418,566 450,072 499,600 540,984 604,541 692,409 752,616 798,834 846,816

Busses
3,249 3,429 3,684 3,641 3,642 3,644 3,606 3,705 3,659

Trucks
101,381 122,114 145,251 163,192 175,263 191,893 202,830 207,792 218,799

Total
523,196 575,615 648,535 707,817 783,446 887,946 959,052 1,010,331 1,069,274

Co vered brid ae on Warm Springs-Woodbury R oad) Stat e R out e 85-W) in M eriwether County) w hich will be replaced by new structure being construct ed by Stat e Brid ae Buildina Authority under Project BA ( 2) 1636 ( 2) .

Twenty-Fifth Repott, State Highway Department of Georgia 77
State Bridge Building Authority
The State Bridge Building Authority was created by an Act of the General Assembly, approved March 25, 1953, as a body corporate and politic which shall be deemed to be an instrumentality of the State of Georgia and a public corporation. It is entirely separate from the State Highway Department, but because of the close relationship existing between the two agencies, information concerning the State Bridge Building Authority is presented in this report.
Purpose
The preamble to the Act set forth the purpose of the Authority as follows:
"Whereas, it is necessary to provide additional bridges of durable and lasting construction within the highway system of the State and to replace many substandard and worn out bridges within the highway system of the State which are hazards to traffic and which presently require a large annual maintenance expenditure, and
"Whereas, it is advisable to authorize the financing in whole or in part of the construction of such bridges without creating any debt of the State, by the issuance of revenue bonds of the Authority for that purpose."
Membership
The Act provides that the Authority shall consist of three members, one of whom shall be the Chairman of the State Highway Board. The remaining two members were appointed by the Governor for terms expiring on July 1, 1956, and July 1, 1959, respectively. Subsequent appointments of the two members shall be for terms of six years. The Authority elects one of its members as chairman and another as vice-chairman, and a secretary and treasurer, who need not necessarily be a member of the Authority. The members serve without compensation, but are entitled to reimbursement for actual expenses incurred in the performance of their duties.
Jim L. Gillis, Sr., a member of the State Bridge Building

78 Twenty-Fifth Report, State Highway Department of Georgia
Authority by virtue of being Chairman of the State Highway Board, was elected Chairman of the Authority. The Governor appointed Frank G. Binford of Thomaston and J. J. McLanahan of Elberton as the other two members. Benton Odom, Treasurer of the State Highway Department, serves as Secretary of the State Bridge Building Authority.
Revenue Bonds
The State Bridge Building Authority is granted the power and is authorized to issue negotiable revenue bonds in a sum not to exceed $30 million outstanding at any one time for the purpose of paying for the cost of constructing bridges and approaches thereto. The bonds shall bear interest and shall have a maturity date no later than 20 years from the date of issuance. They shall not be deemed to constitute a debt of the State of Georgia but shall be payable solely from the fund created by the rental of the bridges. The bonds and interest therefrom are exempt from taxation by the State of Georgia.
Initiation of Projects
Projects for the construction of bridges by the Authority are initiated upon the request of the State Highway Board. The Highway Board and the Governor are authorized to convey as much of the rights-of-way of the State Highway System to the Authority as may be necessary to accomplish the purposes of the Authority.
The Highway Department makes the necessary surveys, prepares plans and specifications, and provides engineering supervision for the projects, and is reimbursed for such expenses by the Authority. All contracts of the Authority are awarded on the basis of competitive bids.
Lease of Bridges
The bridges constructed by the Authority are leased to the State Highway Department for terms not exceeding 50 years, and a separate Act of the General Assembly authorizes the State Highway Board to enter into lease contracts with the Authority, provided that the total of such lease rentals contracted to be paid at any time shall never exceed $2.5 million per year.

Twenty-Fifth Report, State Highway Department of Georgia 79
The Highway Department obligates to pay an agreed amount as yearly or monthly rental for each bridge and to perform all maintenance, upkeep and repair of the bridges.
When all bonds issued to finance the construction of any bridge or bridges shall have been paid or a sufficient amount for the payment of the bonds and interest shall have been set aside in trust for the benefit of the bondholders, all rental payments shall cease and the bridges shall thenceforth be maintained by the State Highway Department as a part of the State Highway System.
Contracts Let
During the fiscal year ending June 30, 1954, the State Bridge Building Authority awarded contracts for the construction of 93 bridges, 6.61 miles in length, and 44.2 miles of roadway approaches, at a total cost of $15.8 million.

80 T wenty-F ifth Repo1t, State H ighway Depa?tment of Geo?gia
T op, tim ber bridge over Satilla R iveT, on U. S. 441 , between D ouala and Pearson, built in 1935. Bottom, new bridge of all concTete const ruction
pro vides 28-foo t clear ro adway. Project F-075-1 (1).

Twenty-Fifth RepoTt, State Highway DepaTtment of Georgia 81
Legal Division
EUGENE COOK, Attorney General J. C. KNOX, Assistant Attorney General PAUL MILLER, Assistant Attorney General CHARLES E. DEWS, Attorney
The division of the State Law Department assigned to the Highway Department under the Attorney General included as of June 30, 1954, two Assistant Attorneys General and one Attorney.
Functions of Legal Division
Upon the Legal Division devolves the duty of representing, advising, and counselling the State Highway Department in any manner which has a legal phase. It is to be expected, of course, that any department engaged in so many and such extensive transactions, involving millions of dollars, would have a great variety and volume of legal business. For example, the Legal Division assists in the preparation of, or must review and approve, all contracts, leases, insurance policies, permits, easements, options and agreements entered into by the Highway Department. It reviews and investigates all claims for and against the Department, and brings or defends the suits which result from such claims. This division also brings or defends all suits arising out of breach of highway contracts. The Highway Department is ultimately liable when vouched in to defend all suits against counties for damages resulting from defects in bridges and their approaches which are on the State Highway System. The defense of these cases falls on the Legal Division.
In addition to the above, the Legal Division keeps files on all condemnation suits brought by the different counties of the State in the name of the Highway Department, which includes copies of all pleadings, orders and judgments rendered therein. It likewise approves all titles to real estate purchased for and in behalf of the State Highway Department, including deeds and other instruments made in reference thereto.

82 Twenty-Fifth Report, State Highway Department of Georgia
Cases and Legal Matters Handled
During the biennium covered by this report, the State Highway Department has been involved in 78 suits, including 9 injunction suits, 37 condemnations, 5 declaratory judgment suits, and 27 damage and miscellaneous. The Department has terminated 10 damage suits with potential liability of $251,773.00 and actually paid out on these suits through June 30, 1954, the sum of $5,528.00 (not including purchase price paid out on condemnation awards).
In addition, the Legal Division has investigated and recommended settlement of 6 claims for $2,061.00 (not including claims paid on House and Senate Resolutions submitted to the Claims Advisory Board). It has investigated and refused payment in any amount whatsoever on 56 claims.
This division has investigated and filed answers in 38 garnishments. It has represented the State Highway Department as plaintiff in 11 claims in which a total of $3,790.00 was recovered.
In addition to the above, there has been 15 cases involving the State Highway Department carried to the Court of Appeals and Supreme Court of this State during the period covered by this report, in which cases oral arguments were made by the attorneys of this division and briefs prepared and filed in said Appellate Courts.
Various and sundry cases, and claims involving thousands of dollars were settled by the Legal Division without litigation, in which the State Highway Department profited to a great extent. Also, there has been some difficulties with various people regarding signs and obstacles placed on the highways, but these matters have been settled without litigation.
The Legal Division has rendered various and sundry legal services in connection with the construction of roadside parks, such as drafting and approving leases, deeds and other instruments.
At all times during the period covered by this report, there has been numerous conferences by the attorneys constituting this division with Board Members, engineers and employees of the State Highway Department concerning strictly legal

Twenty-Fifth RepoTt, State Highway DepaTtment of GeoTgia 83
matters, and other problems that had any legal phase about which this division could be of assistance to such conferees.
At the end of the fiscal year June 30, 1954, there remained pending 39 suits, including 27 condemnation suits in which the Highway Department is plaintiff, 7 damage suits against the Highway Department, and 5 miscellaneous suits.

84 T w enty-Fi fth Rep01t, State H ighway De7Ja1tment of Ge o1gia
Top, old bridge over Little R ed Bluff Creek, between Pearson and Go odell, in Atkin on County. Bottom, new bTidge, 24 feet wide, w hich is a pTecast
concrete structure. PToject S-0594 ( 2).

T1L'enty-Fifth Repol't, State Highway Department of Georgia 85
Personnel Division
WARD MATTHEWS, JR. Personnel Administrator and Compensation Attorney
The Personnel Division receives and analyzes applications for employment, interviews applicants, and cooperates with the division heads in the selection and assignment of qualified personnel, including engineering, technical, accounting and clerical workers.
The employment of all personnel and changes in salary, promotions, transfers, etc., are authorized and approved by the State Highway Board, and the Personnel Division prepares or processes the necessary documents for submission to the Board. This division maintains files containing pertinent information concerning each employee, which is made available to the Board in connection with advancement of employees.
State Merit System
The Highway Department has been operating under the State Merit System of Personnel Administration nearly five years. Approximately half of the employees, excluding laborers, are in positions covered by the Merit System, including engineers, draftsmen, instrumentmen, inspectors, laboratory technicians, accounting and clerical personnel. The Merit System does not include personnel assigned to the equipment repair shops, foremen, timekeepers, patrolmen, rodmen, chainmen, equipment operators, and other miscellaneous non-technical workers.
The Personnel Division maintains liaison with the State Merit System and handles all matters pertaining to the System, such as scheduling of examinations for employees, maintaining uniformity in salary for the different job classifications, submission of the required reports, etc. This division interprets the rules and regulations of the State Personnel Board and counsels with the employees regarding their status with the Highway Department.

86 Twenty-Fifth Report, State Highway Depa1tment of Georgia
Employees' Retirement System
Since January 1, 1950, employees of the Highway Department who are under the Merit System have been covered by the Employees' Retirement System of Georgia, except those who were employed prior to that date and themselves elected not to become a member of the Retirement System. On July 1, 1953, the Retirement System was extended to cover all employees of the Highway Department, regardless of Merit System status, except those who were employed at that time and preferred not to participate in the Retirement plan. Five per cent of the employee's salary is deducted on each payroll and credited to his individual account in the annuity savings fund of the Retirement System. If an employee resigns or his services are terminated before he reaches the age of retirement, the full amount of his contributions is refunded to him. The State Highway Department also contributes a sum amounting to a percentage of the employees' salaries, which is placed in the pension accumulation fund.
An employee is eligible for retirement at age 60, or after 35 years of service, though until June 30, 1955, retirement is not compulsory until the employee attains the age of 75 years. After July 1, 1955, employees will be retired at the age of 70 years. Twenty-three employees have retired during this biennium, and a total of fifty-one persons have retired since the plan became effective on January 1, 1950.
In-Service Training Program
In order to carry out the long-range construction program being planned, the Highway Department has realized the importance of maintaining an organization able and qualified to do the work. To accomplish this, a special system of in-service training for civil engineering graduates has been in operation for the past four years. Under this program, the trainee is transferred from unit to unit on a prearranged schedule and his assignment consists of actual performance of the regular duties of the unit, with full facilities of the unit being made available. In this manner, he is enabled to acquire a thorough working knowledge of the details of each phase of the work. Several of these engineers have completed the three-year training period and are holding responsible positions in the

Twenty-Fifth Report, State Highway Department of Georgia 87
Department. The training program has been described in an attractive booklet, A Career in Highway Engineering, which gives complete information as to the type of work included in the program, etc. Quantities of this booklet have been distributed among the graduating classes in civil engineering in leading technical schools and universities throughout the country.
Cooperative Plan of Employment
The Highway Department also has in effect the cooperative plan for college students, whereby civil engineering students work with the Highway Department for three months and attend school three months. This program gives the trainee an opportunity, while attending school, to coordinate engineering principles as taught with the principles of actual highway design, construction and maintenance, thereby qualifying him for a more advanced and responsible job when he receives his degree from college. Over a period of years, the Highway Department has acquired a great number of key engineers through the cooperative plan.
Compensation Claims
Employees of the Highway Department who receive personal injury by accident arising out of and in the course of their employment come within the provisions of the Georgia \iVorkmen's Compensation Laws, and the Personnel Division is responsible for handling all matters pertaining to such cases. This division receives reports of all injuries to employees, investigates the cases, and follows up with such action as is proper under the provisions of the Workmen's Compensation Act.
The Personnel Administrator and Compensation Attorney represents the Highway Department before the Workmen's Compensation Board in Atlanta, or before a commission of the Board in the county where the accident occurred, and represents the Highway Department through any subsequent court action. He authorizes payment of compensation and medical expenses in accordance with the award of the Compensation Board, and negotiates with attorneys, doctors, hospitals, and courts of law in all questions pertaining to Workmen's Compensation.

88 Tweuty-Fifth Repo1t, State Hi ghway D epa1tment of Geo1gia
T wo views of bridge over Willa coochee Creek, on Stat e Route 90, between O cilla and Willacooch ee . D eck is of precast concrete construction with 24-
foot clear roadw ay . Project S-0550 (3).

Twenty-Fifth Repo1t, State Highway Department of Georgia 89

Building Services
The maintenance of buildings and grounds, operation of levators, operation of telephone PBX, and the distribution of incoming mail and the dispatch of outgoing mail are other activities under the direction of the Personnel Administrator and Compensation Attorney.

AASHO 25-Year Award of Merit

The benefits to be derived by an organization from the long and faithful service of its employees are well known and the State Highway Department is fortunate in having a large number of employees with many years of service. During this biennium, ten employees received recognition in this respect by being presented with the Twenty-Five-Year Award of Merit of the American Association of State Highway Officials. This award, consisting of a certificate and lapel button, is conferred annually by the Association to employees in certain grades, who have had twenty-five years of service, either continuous or cumulative, in one or more member departments. The member departments are the 48 State Highway Departments, the Territorial Departments of Puerto Rico and Hawaii, the District of Columbia Highway Department and the Bureau of Public Roads. The following employees of the State Highway Department of Georgia received the Association's Twenty-Five-Year Award of Merit during 1953 and 1954:

Warren C. Allgood George S. Cargill, Jr. W. K. Holt Sydney B. Mauldin John H. Pound

Belton R. Burleyson Arthur H. Durshimer Elizabeth B. Jones Earl Olson Nina B. Sewell

Th e Atlanta Expressway, showing interchange at junction of northwest leg and northeast lef!, at Brookwood Station.

Twenty-Fifth Report, State Highway Department of Georgia 91
Division of Surveys and Aerial Mapping
L. W. VERNER State Highway Location Engineer
The Division of Surveys and Aerial Mapping is responsible for the general direction of the location surveys and aerial photographic activities of the Highway Department.
Route Location
Based upon information contained in a route inspection report prepared by the Division of Highway Planning, and by the use of aerial photographs of the area and a field reconnaissance, the State Highway Location Engineer and the field Division Engineer determine the type of survey to be made to provide the field data required in the design and preparation of plans for a project. The items to be decided upon in advance of the actual field survey, in addition to the route location and control points, are the width of the roadway, the depth and width of ditches, the number and width of traffic lanes, the width of right-of-way, etc. Many secondary and farm-to-market roads are surveyed each year and it is customary for the survey to follow the old road as closely as conditions will permit, so that the improved road will serve the people residing on it.
Location Surveys
All location surveys are made under the supervision of the field Division Engineer, who issues instructions to the Resident Highway Engineer in charge of the survey party. These instructions include information as to the type of survey to be made, as outlined above. The Resident Highway Engineer is responsible for the progress and quality of the work of the locating party, which includes a transitman, a draftsman, a levelman, two chainmen, and two rodmen. Several eight-man survey parties are assigned to each of the five field divisions, with a total of 16 parties throughout the State.
When a survey nears completion on a large and important project, such as an improvement on the Interstate System, and

92 Twenty-Fifth Report, State Highway Department of Georgia
the penciled plan and profile sheets or location maps are drawn up, a location inspection is made by the field Division Engineer, a representative of the U.S. Bureau of Public Roads, the State Highway Engineer and the State Highway Location Engineer, accompanied by the Resident Highway Engineer. Any changes recommended as a result of the location inspection are made. When the survey is completed, the field notes and penciled preliminary plans are delivered to the division office for review, and then forwarded to the office of the State Highway Location Engineer for further review and checking before being transmitted to the Division of Road Design for the preparation of plans.
Surveys were completed on 813 miles of road during the year ending June 30, 1953, and on 715 miles during the year ending June 30, 1954, making a total of 1,528 miles of surveys completed during this biennium.
Aerial Photography
For many years, this division has used aerial pictures most effectively in locating roads of primary importance, and the cost of preliminary surveys, studies and investigations have been reduced considerably. Aerial photographs materially aid and expedite survey work, and are particularly valuable in reconnaissance studies for locations and in the determination of drainage areas. Aerial maps are very useful in discussing proposed locations with Federal, State and county officials, and by their use, the general location of the highway may be tentatively approved before the field work of the locating party is started.
The purchase of an airplane, in July 1952, and the employment of a full-time airplane pilot, have made it possible to take advantage of the limited hours of flying time.
New Aerial Laboratory
The method of locating highways with the aid of aerial photographs having proven so beneficial, the demand for them continued to increase and it soon became apparent that the facilities of the present aerial laboratory were inadequate. Through the efforts of the State Highway Location Engineer,

Twenty-Fifth Report, State Highway Department of Geotgia 93
with the cooperation of the State Highway Engineer and the members of the State Highway Board, the necessary funds have been provided to erect a new laboratory building, with modern equipment, on a parcel of land situated within the limits of the Atlanta Airport. The building site for the laboratory was deeded to the State of Georgia by the City of Atlanta. The actual construction of the new laboratory is expected to begin before the end of the year.

94 Twenty-Fi f th Rep01t, State H ighway Depa1tment of Georgia
Dange rous traffic hazard show n in top view was eliminat ed by new underjJass at C entral of Georgia R ailw a)l, on U. S. 27, between H amilton and
Chipley. Project FG-011-I (2) .

Ttcenty-Fifth Repo1't, State Highway DepaTtment of Georgia 95
Division of Road Design
J. A. KENNEDY
State Road Design Engineer
The Division of Road Design prepares plans for the construction of roads and streets from field notes to the completed blueprint stage. After survey notes from field location parties have been plotted, typical grading and paving sections are designed, based on the anticipated traffic, the future economical development of the area, the availability of local materials and the terrain. The type of drainage required is determined from a study of the drainage areas, high-water elevations, and the character of the soil.
This division maintains accurate records of projects programmed, survey notes received, plans prepared, etc. A record is kept also of information needed on plans during the course of their preparation.
The Bureau of Public Roads is consulted on matters pertaining to design, and contact is maintained with the American Association of State Highway Officials and officials of other State Highway Departments, so as to benefit from the latest developments in highway design.
Final Plans
After preliminmy plans are completed, a field inspection is made by an engineer from the Division of Construction, in company with a representative of the Bureau of Public Roads on Federal-aid projects, and at times with a designer from this division. Revisions suggested on the field inspection are made in the plans, final plans are completed, and blueprints made. Blueprints of completed plans for Federal-aid projects are submitted to the Bureau of Pnblic Roads for review and approval. When approval has been given by the Bureau of Public Roads, small photostatic sets are forwarded to the Bureau, and a set of blueprints is delivered to the Division of Contracts and Estimates for processing and advertising of

96 Twenty-Fifth RepoTt, State Highway DepaTtment of GeoTgia
bids. After a project has been advertised, prints of plans are furnished to interested contractors at a nominal cost.
Blueprints and Photostats
This division has an automatic blueprint machine and a self-developing photostat layout, and makes blueprints and photostats of plans, etc., required by the field divisions, the Bureau of Public Roads, and contractors. The quick production of blueprints and photostats has accelerated the processing of plans and has materially reduced the cost and time requirements.
Plans Completed
During the year ending June 30, 1953, plans were completed for 289 miles of road in 55 counties on the State Highway System, and for 81 miles of road in 16 counties on secondary and Post Roads. Of the total mileage, 0.156 miles was for railroad grade crossing elimination by separation, and plans for one project of this type were designed. Plans were also prepared for 18 projects covering installation of protective devices at unsafe railway-highway crossings.
During the year ending June 30, 1954, plans were completed for 389 miles of road in 80 counties on the State Highway System and 187 miles of road in 39 counties on secondary and Post Roads. Three projects for grade crossing elimination by separation, totaling 0.209 mile, were finished. In addition, plans were worked for 16 signal projects to protect dangerous railway-highway crossings. These projects were for the erection of automatic flashing light signals, bells, and/or short arm gates.
The following tabulation shows total mileage of completed plans.

Twenty-Fifth Report, State Highway Department of Georgia 97

ROADWAY PLANS COMPLETED

Fiscal Year

Miles Completed
Plans

July 1, 1952, to June 30, 1953

370

July 1, 1953, to June 30, 1954

576

Automatic Flashing Lights
18 16

Total-2 Years

946

34

8Tidge ove r Altamaha R iver on U.S. 22 1, between Hazlehurs t and U valda. L en rrth of tructure ts 2,575 feet. Project F-090- 1 (3) .

Tu.enty-Fifth Report, State High1cay Department of Georgia 99
Division of Bridges
C.N.CROCKER
State Highway Bridge Engineer
Along Georgia's highways are structures of all types, serving the convenience of and contributing to the safety of highway traffic. These structures include bridges over streams, grade separation structures for railways and for highways, pedestrian overpasses and underpasses, and retaining walls. The major function of the Division of Bridges is the preparation of plans for such structures. In addition, this division, because of the specialized training and experience of its personnel, acts in a consulting capacity throughout construction.
Inasmuch as the term "preparation of plans" tends to oversimplify the major function of the division, it is felt that a discussion of some of the ramifications incident to this work might prove of interest.
Surveys
Frequently aerial photographs are used for preliminary studies by the Division of Bridges and the State Highway Location Engineer to facilitate choice between such alternate lines as might seem worthy of consideration. Then the survey is made along the chosen line by a location party and the notes are forwarded to the Division of Bridges. These notes are plotted to develop the terrain of the site. In some cases, proper appraisal of the conditions requires that a field inspection be made by a representative of this division.
One portion of the survey is the subsurface exploration, frequently called sounding, to determine the character of material that will be encountered in the foundations. Soundings for the small-to-average structure are made by the location parties. For major structures, a heavy sounding outfit, working out of the Division of Bridges, performs the work. This outfit has floating equipment and a diamond core drill capable of drilling into hard rock and retrieving cylindrical samples.

100 Twenty-Fifth Report, State Highway Department of Georgia
Hydrological Studies
In order that a bridge over a stream may pass a given flood safely, hydrological studies are made. Floods may be classified by frequency; that is, by evaluating past records, it is possible to state that a given flood might be expected to recur on an average of a certain number of years apart over a long period of time. A design flood frequency is adopted, based upon the importance of the road from both civilian and military standpoints. By applied hydrology, the quantity of water together wth the crest elevation of the design flood are determined.
Traffic Studies
From route reports prepared by the Division of Highway Planning, the present volume and types of traffic are determined. These reports also show, as the result of a study of the area served by the road, the anticipated traffic trends so that the Division of Bridges might be guided in its choice of type, width and load capacity of the bridge. Thus early obsolescence due to inadequate width or load capacity is prevented.
Preparation of Plans
With all this information assembled, the main features of the structure are established. The hydrological study determines the length and height of bridge l'equired. The survey data permit the proper location of the structure in relation to the stream. The soundings provide information that leads toward selection of the most economical type of foundations. And from the traffic studies, a roadway width and a load capacity that will serve the traffic of the future are selected.
With these basic features determined, the design personnel of the Division of Bridges prepare the plans. This work involves making the calculations that determine the size of members necessary to support the loads. It also involves making drawings complete in all details so that contractors and field engineering forces might reproduce in the proper location and to correct scale and dimension the conception of the Bridge Designer.

Twenty-Fifth Report, State Highway Department of Georgia 101
State Bridge Building Authority
An Act of the General Assembly, approved March 25, 1953, established the State Bridge Building Authority, as outlined in a previous section of this report. The purpose of this agency is to expedite the replacing of narrow bridges and timber bridges whose cost of maintenance present a constant drain on highway funds. Approximately two-thirds of the funds authorized by the Act were programmed during this biennium and the Division of Bridges was called upon to prepare the plans for all bridges to be constructed by the State Bridge Building Authority. Though this about doubled the workload of this division, the work has been done with only a small increase in personnel.
A Few Typical Bridge Projects
Following are descriptions of a few typical bridge projects let to contract during the period covered by this report. Projects bearing the prefix "BA" are being financed with State Bridge Building Authority funds.
Project S-1238 (4). Hall County.
This project covers construction of a new bridge over the Chattahoochee River, on State Route 52, between Lula and Brookton. The old bridge consisted of light steel trusses with wood floor and narrow roadway. The new bridge has concrete piers supporting steel beams with a concrete deck. The roadway width is 24 feet and the design loading is H-15. Overall length is 385 feet.
Project FG-046-2 (2). Greene County.
On State Route 12, in Greensboro, there was a timber bridge over the Georgia Railroad that was entirely inadequate for the loads using this road, the main route from Atlanta to Augusta. Under this project, a modern structure of concrete piers and floor with steel beams was constructed. It has a roadway width of 44 feet and, in addition, two sidewalks, five feet wide. The design loading is H-20 S-16 and the overall length 94 feet.
Project FI-001-4 (5). Spalding County.
In constructing a four-lane road for U. S. Route 41, be-

102 T wenty-Fi f th R epo1t, State Hi ghway Depa1tment of Geo1gia
This old and nanow bridae over the Flint R iver on Stat e R oute 128, between R oberta and R eynolds, is being replaced with a new concrete and steel bridge, 742 feet long with 26-foot roadway, unde-r Stat e Bridae Building
Authorit y Project BA (2) 1097 ( 5).

Twenty-Fifth Report, State Highway Depa1tment of Georgia 103
tween Griffin and Atlanta, it was necessary to cross the Central of Georgia Railway at Experiment. This was done with two parallel bridges, each having a roadway width of 28 feet and one sidewalk, four feet wide. The bridges are of steel and concrete. They are 267 feet long and have a design loading of H-20 S-16.
Project F-075-1 (1). Coffee County.
Under this project, a narrow and weak timber bridge over the Satilla River, on State Route 31 south of Douglas, was replaced by a reinforced concrete structure. This bridge has a roadway 28 feet wide, a load capacity of H-20 S-16, and is 495 feet long.
Project F-002-1 (4). Charlton County.
U. S. Routes 1 and 301 join just north of Folkston, creating a large volume of traffic from this point to the Georgia-Florida state line. To accommodate this heavy traffic, a four-lane highway is under construction, including two pairs of parallel bridges. These are of reinforced concrete, 28 feet wide, and their design loading is H-20 S-16. One pair of bridges is 99 feet long and the other pair is 264 feet.
Project BA (2) 1913-A (4). Polk County.
State Route 161, between Cedartown and Cave Spring, is a road used by heavy trucks and the bridge over Big Cedar Creek was of constant concern of the Division of Bridges due to its low load capacity, its narrow width and the frequent need of repairs. Under this project, a new bridge of steel and concrete is under construction. Its width is 28 feet and the length 390 feet. Design loading is H-20 S-16.
Project BA (1) 739 (3). Burke and Richmond Counties. This project covers reconstruction of bridges over McBean
Creek and Briar Creek, on State Route 56, between Augusta and Waynesboro. The new bridges are of steel and concrete. The bridge over McBean Creek, being on a curve, has a roadway width of 26 feet and is 212 feet long. The structure at Briar Creek has a roadway of 24 feet and is 516 feet long. The design loading for both bridges is H-15.
Project BA (2) 1097 (5). Taylor-Crawford Counties.
At the county line, between Reynolds and Roberta, on

104 Twenty-Fifth Report, State Highway Department of Georgia
State Route 128, there is a dangerous condition of a narrow and weak bridge over the Flint River with paved but very crooked approaches. This project covers the replacement of this bridge by building a new bridge of steel and concrete on a good location. Roadway width will be 26 feet and load capacity H-15. Overall length is 742 feet.
Project BA (2) 1968-A (3). Decatur County.
State Route 38, west of Bainbridge, crosses Spring Creek on a very narrow concrete bridge, together with two narrow timber overflow structures. There have been many serious accidents at this location. This project corrects this dangerous condition by constructing a new bridge to replace the three old bridges. The new bridge is of steel and concrete, with 28foot roadway and a design loading of H-20 S-16. The length of the new bridge is 495 feet.
Project BA (1) 1898-B (4). Liberty County.
U. S. Route 17, frequently called the Coastal Highway, though one of the heaviest traveled routes in the State, has numerous narrow timber bridges. This project replaces eleven such structures with three concrete culverts and eight reinforced concrete bridges. Roadway width of the bridges is 28 feet and the design loading is H-20 S-16. Total length of the eight bridges is 990 feet.

Twenty-Fifth Report, State Highway Department of Georgia 105
Division of Contracts and Estimates
T. D. SPENCE
State Highway Office Engineer
Mr. R. W. McCrum, who had served as State Highway Office Engineer for 17 years, died on April 20, 1954. He had rendered 34 years of faithful and efficient service to the Highway Department and his death was a profound loss.
Functions of the Division
The Division of Contracts and Estimates is responsible for the preparation and processing of documents pertaining to the construction of projects under the various programs established by the Highway Department. When the Division of Road Design completes the plans for any particular project, and secures the necessary approval of such plans, they are then turned over to this division to carry out the remaining steps leading to the final completion of the construction work. These steps consist of the preparation of detailed estimates and sample proposals, which must be approved by the Bureau of Public Roads in the case of projects involving Federal funds. When the necessary approvals are obtained, notices to contractors are prepared and on instructions of the State Highway Board such notices are mailed to the legal organs of the various counties in which the projects are located. These notices specify the dates on which bids will be received and set out detailed quantities of all items comprising the project.
Bids and Contracts
On the date established in the notices, bids are opened in the presence of the State Highway Board and the complete results later tabulated so that the correct low bidder can be ascertained. When the low bids are approved by the State Highway Board on State-aid projects, and by the State Highway Board and the Bureau of Public Roads on projects involving Federal funds, the contract and bond are prepared

106 Twenty-Fifth Report, State Highway Depa1tment of Georgia
for execution by the contractor, bonding company, and the State Highway Board. When the contracts have been executed completely, this office authorizes construction and prepares detailed estimates for auditing monthly statements in favor of the contractors and detailed estimates upon which the project agreements with the Bureau of Public Roads are based for projects involving Federal funds.
Monthly Statements
In accordance with the specifications governing construction work, the field division offices submit monthly statements covering work accomplished on which payments to the contractors should be made. These statements are audited and then passed for payment to the Division of Finance and Audits. The Division of Contracts and Estimates is entirely responsible for the correctness of these statements. Upon completion of a project, the division office submits the final statement, with complete details attached, supporting the quantities of all items concerned in the contract. This entire final statement is then audited, including all the tabulations and computations, to verify the quantities as shown on the face of the statement. In case of projects involving Federal funds, both the monthly and final vouchers on which claim is made for reimbursement from the Federal Government are prepared and submitted to the Bureau of Public Roads for audit and payment.
Change Orders
This division is responsible for the proper handling of all changes that may occur in connection with the proper construction of the project. Contingencies frequently arise that could not be foreseen when the plans were prepared, and this division is responsible for the proper approval of such changes. These changes are handled by change orders or construction changes or supplemental agreements. In cases where it is impracticable to establish unit prices for supplemental agreements, the work is done by force account and the force account bills are handled through this office for approval. On projects involving Federal funds, approval of the Bureau of Public Roads is obtained for the changes occurring during

Twenty-Fifth Rep01t, State Highway Department of GeoTgia 107
construction, so that the Federal Government will participate in the increased cost due to such changes.
Liaison With Public Utilities
The Highway Agent (Utilities Liaison) assigned jointly to this division and the Division of Right-of-Way coordinates the work of the Highway Department in which public utility companies are involved. He makes all contacts with railroads and public utility companies, including power, light, electric co-op memberships, telephone and telegraph, gas distribution, and pipe line transmission of water, gas and petroleum products. Briefly, the functions performed by the Highway Agent (Utilities Liaison) for this division are as follows:
On construction and maintenance projects where utility facilities are in conflict with highway improvements, estimates are furnished by the several owners of conflicting facilities. These estimates are analyzed as to completeness and necessity, and the legal question as to liability of the State Highway Department for payment of these expenses is determined. The bills are also analyzed to determine that no item of expense is included that is not eligible for reimbursement by the Highway Department.
On railway-highway grade separation projects, agreements for construction and special provisions for insurance are prepared and submitted to the railroads for execution before bids are received on the projects. Before construction is authorized, the necessary protective insurance policies are procured from the contractor and submitted to the railroad for acceptance. Evidence of renewal of the insurance is also handled, as no work can be performed on railroad right-ofway without proper insurance in force at all times.
On projects for the installation of grade-crossing protective devices, construction and maintenance agreements with the railroads are prepared. After execution, the agreements are submitted to the Bureau of Public Roads for approval, as generally ten per cent of the costs of these projects are paid by the railroad and ninety per cent by the Federal Government.

108 Twenty-Fifth Re7Jo1t, State H ighway Depa1tmen t of Ge01gia
'.
Top, old bridge over Little H ouse Creek, on Stat e R oute 90, between Fitzaerald and R ochelle. Bottom, fJ1' ecast concrete bridge, 24 feet w ide and 120
feet lan a. Project SAP 1693-A ( 5).

Twenty-Fifth Report, State Highway Department of Georgia 109
Files This division is responsible for keeping the central files of the General Office, and for operation of the mimeograph.

110 Twenty-Fifth Report, State Highway Depatt?nent of Georgia

Summary of Contracts Awarded by State Highway Department During Two-Year Period July 1, 1952, to June 30, 1954

Number of Grade Crossing Signals ______________ 43

Number of Underpasses _

4

Number of Bridges ______

228

Length of Bridges Grading _________ _

6.473 Miles 987.667 Miles

Grading and Base

371.193 Miles

Base

467.669 Miles

Bituminous Surfacing ____

1,771.653 Miles

Resurfacing

155.971 Miles

Concrete Pavement __

16.865 Miles

Total Length All Types of Work

3,777.491 Miles

Total Amount All Contracts Awarded

by State Highway Department _

$58,003,190.00

Contracts Awarded by State Bridge Building Authority .July 1, 1953 to June 30, 1954

Number of Bridges Length of Bridges _ Grading ________
Bituminous Surfacing _ Resurfacing ____ Concrete Pavement _ Total Length All Types of Work Total Amount All Contracts Awarded
by State Bridge Building Authority ___

93 6.612 Miles 2.191 Miles 38.527 Miles 3.337 Miles 0.150 Miles
50.817 Miles
$15,806,760.00

Twenty-Fifth Report, State Highway DepaTtment of GeoTgia 111

Contracts Awarded July 1, 1952, to June 30, 1953

NUMBER OF LETTINGS-7

-----------------------------

FEDERAL-AID PRIMARY PROJECTS

Number of Grade Crossing Signals ________________ 8

Number of Bridges ____________________________________________ 13

Length of Bridges _______________________________________

0.869 Miles

Grading ______________ __ __________________________________________ 7.299 Miles

Bituminous Surfacing _____

___________________ 36.846 Miles

Resurfacing ___ ____

_______________________________________ 6.021 Miles

Total Length All Types of Work ____________________ 51.035 Miles

Total Cost All Types of Work ________________________

$ 6,839,797.00

Grading ___ Total Cost _

FEDERAL-AID URBAN PROJECTS 2.577 Miles

$369,238.00

FEDERAL-AID SECONDARY PROJECTS

(On State System)

Number of Grade Crossing Signals _

9

Number of Bridges -----------------------------------

25

Length of Bridges __________ _________ ___________________ 0.563 Miles

Bituminous Surfacing _

176.753 Miles

Total Length All Types of Work ____________________ 177.316 Miles

Total Cost All Types of Work ________________________

$3,622,081.00

FEDERAL-AID SECONDARY PROJECTS

(Off State System)

Number of Grade Crossing Signals _

4

Number of Bridges _________________________________

10

Length of Bridges ___________ ___ _ _ _ _______ 0.189 Miles

Bituminous Surfacing _

69.605 Miles

Total Length All Types of Work

69.794 Miles

Total Cost All Types of Work _

$1,042,015.00

DEFENSE ACCESS-ROAD PROJECTS

Number of Bridges -------------------------------------------Length of Bridges __ ____ ___ Grading ________________________ Bituminous Surfacing ______________________ ________________
Total Length All Types of Work _ Total Cost All Types of Work _______________________

6 0.234 Miles 4.732 Miles 18.231 Miles
23.197 Miles

$1,438,386.00

112 Twenty-Fifth Report, State Highway Department of Georgia

Contracts Awarded July 1, 1952, to june 30, 1953 (Continued)

STATE PROJECTS

(Contract Work)

Number of Bridges __

7

Length of Bridges _______

0.369 Miles

Grading ______ _

8.564 Miles

Bituminous Surfacing Resurfacing _________________________________________________

160.286 Miles 37.080 Miles

Total Length All Types of Work

206.299 Miles

Total Cost All Types of Work _______

$2,639,605.00

STATE PROJECTS (County Contracts)

Number of Bridges _------------------------------------------

Length of Bridges --------------------------------------

Grading ___

-------------------------------

Grading and Base __ _____________________ ________________

Base _______ ____________________ ___________________ ___________________

18
0.239 Miles 137.352 Miles
47.750 Miles 65.364 Miles

Bituminous Surfacing ____________

________________ 73.788 Miles

Resurfacing

--------------------------------------------- 43.557 Miles

Total Length All Types of Work

368.050 Miles

Total Cost All Types of Work ____

$2,922,601.00

STATE PROJECTS

(Convict Forces)

Number of Bridges ____________________________________

4

Length of Bridges _____________________________________________ 0.078 Miles

Grading _____

_____________________ 57.796 Miles

Grading and Base _______________________________________________ 14.050 Miles

Base --------------- ---------------------------------------------

15.646 Miles

Total Length All Types of Work ___________________ 87.570 Miles

Total Cost All Types of Work ------------------

$657,322.00

POST ROADS PROJECTS

(Contract Work)

Number of Bridges ____ Length of Bridges ____

__ ____________ -- 7 __________________ 0.304 Miles

Grading -------------------------------------------- ___________________ 22.836 Miles

Grading and Base -------------------------------- --------------- 3.040 Miles

Bituminous Surfacing ---------------------------------------- 183.923 Miles

Total Length All Types of Work ___________________ 210.103 Miles

Total Cost All Types of Work _______________

$2,071,802.00

Twenty-Fifth Report, State Highway Department of Georgia 113

Contracts Awarded July 1, 1952, to June 30, 1953 (Continued)

POST ROADS PROJECTS

(County Contracts)

Number of Bridges ______________________________________

14

Length of Bridges ________________________________________ 0.146 Miles

Grading _________ ----------------------------------- ___________________ 253.697 Miles

Grading and Base _________________________________

94.117 Miles

Base --------------------------------------------------------------------- 146.093 Miles

Bituminous Surfacing _______________________________________ 256.670 Miles

Resurfacing _____________________________________________

2.200 Miles

Total Length All Types of Work ____________________ 752.923 Miles

Total Cost All Types of Work _______________________

$4,500,308.00

POST ROADS PROJECTS

(Convict Forces)

Number of Bridges _________________________________

2

Length of Bridges ______________________________________

0.025 Miles

Grading and Base _______________________________________

11.923 Miles

Base ________________________ _____________________________ _______________ 18.651 Miles

Total Length All Types of Work ______________

30.599 Miles

Total Cost All Types of Work ________________________

$200,153.00

Summary of Contracts Awarded July 1, 1952, to June 30, 1953

Number of Grade Crossing Signals

21

Number of Bridges __________________ _______________________ 106

Length of Bridges __________________________ _________________ 3.016 Miles

Grading ___ ___ ______________ _ _____ ________ ________

494.853 Miles

Grading and Base ________________ ______________________ 170.880 Miles

Base _________________ __ __________________________________

245.754 Miles

Bituminous Surfacing __________________________________ 976.102 Miles Resurfacing ___ ______________________________ _______________________ 88.858 Miles

Total Length All Types of Work __________________1,979.463 Miles

Total Amount All Contracts Awarded by State Highway Department _______

$26,303,308.00

114 Twenty-Fifth Report, State Highway Department of Georgia

Contracts Awarded July 1,1953, to June 30, 1954 NUMBER OF LETTINGS-8

FEDERAL-AID PRIMARY PROJECTS

Number of Underpasses _________________________________ 1

Number of Grade Crossing Signals _

12

Number of Bridges _______________________________

31

Length of Bridges ____________________________________ Grading ________________________________

0.771 Miles 38.317 Miles

Bituminous Surfacing ______________________________________ 63.625 Miles

Resurfacing __ __ ------------------------------------------------ 44.247 Miles Concrete Pavement ________ _____________________ _ 15.930 Miles

Total Length All Types of Work ____________________ 162.890 Miles

Total Costs All Types of Work ________________________

$11,649,917.00

FEDERAL-AID URBAN PROJECTS

Number of Underpasses __________________________________ 3

Number of Bridges ________________ ____________________ 14

Length of Bridges ____________________________________

0.617 Miles

Grading ------------------------------ ________________________________ 3.630 Miles

Resurfacing __________________________________________

5.110 Miles

Concrete Pavement ____________ --------------------------------- 0.935 Miles

Total Length All Types of Work _ _________________ 10.292 Miles

Total Cost All Types of Work __________________

$ 4,105,676.00

FEDERAL-AID SECONDARY PROJECTS

(On State System)

Number of Grade Crossing Signals ________________ 6

Number of Bridges ____________ ______________________________ 26

Length of Bridges ________________________ ____________________ 0.979 Miles

Bituminous Surfacing ________________________

150.532 Miles

Total Length All Types of Work ______________ 151.511 Miles

Total Cost All Types of Work_____________________

$ 4,112,317.00

FEDERAL-AID SECONDARY PROJECTS

(Off State System)

Number of Grade Crossing Signals ________________ 2

Number of Bridges ____________ __ ________________________ 19

Length of Bridges __________________ _____________________ 0.328 Miles

Bituminous Surfacing ______

_________________ 105.365 Miles

Resurfacing __________________________________________________

0.266 Miles

Total Length All Types of Work ___________________ 105.959 Miles

Total Cost All Types of Work _________________

$ 2,036,087.00

Twenty-Fifth Report, State Highway Depal'tment of Georgia 115

Contracts Awarded July 1, 1953, to June 30, 1954 (Continued)

FEDERAL-AID INTERSTATE PROJECTS

Bituminous Surfacing _____________________________

7.305 Miles

Total Cost _______ ---------------------------------------------- _____

$261,680.00

DEFENSE ACCESS-ROAD PROJECTS Number of Grade Crossing Signals ______________ 2
Bituminous Surfacing ---------------------------------------- 4.732 Miles Total Cost All Types of Work ________________________

$383,818.00

FOREST HIGHWAY PROJECTS

Bituminous Surfacing

9.714 Miles

Total Cost _________________________ ----------------------------------

$255,463.00

STATE PROJECTS
(Contract Work)
Number of Bridges _ -------------------------------- 1 Length of Bridges ____________________________________________ 0.005 Miles
Grading _---------------------------------------------------------------- 7.295 Miles Bituminous Surfacing ---------------------------------------- 58.441 Miles Resurfacing ---------------------------------------------------------- 9.803 Miles Total Length All Types of Work _ ____ __ ________ 75.544 Miles Total Cost All Types of Work ________________________

$701,755.00

STATE PROJECTS (County Contracts) Number of Bridges ______ ------------------------------------- 10 Length of Bridges ---------------------------------------------- 0.091 Miles Grading __ _________ _________ ____ ___ ____ _____ ___ _________ _______ 81.362 Miles

Grading and Base ------------------------------------------------ 29.506 Miles

Base ______ ----------------------------------------------------------- 66.125 Miles

Bituminous Surfacing --------------------------------------- 55.054 Miles

Resurfacing ---------------------------------------------------

7.237 Miles

Total Length All Types of Work ____________ 239.375 Miles

Total Cost All Types of Work __________________

$ 1,705,479.00

STATE PROJECTS
(Convict Forces) Number of Bridges ___________________________________________ 4
Length of Bridges ---------------------------------------------- 0.124 Miles
Grading ---------------------------------------------------------------- 34.028 Miles Grading and Base ------------------------------------------------ 15.012 Miles Base --------------------------------------------------------------------- 31.127 Miles Total Length All Types of Work ____________________ 80.291 Miles Total Cost All Types of Work ________________________

$500,297.00

116 Twenty-Fifth Report, State Highway Department of Georgia

Contracts Awarded July 1, 1953, to June 30, 1954 (Continued)

POST ROADS PROJECTS

(Contract Work)

Grading _______________________

-----------------

14.091 Miles

Grading and Base ----------------------------------------------- 4.899 Miles

Bituminous Surfacing ---------------------------------------- 95.029 Miles Total Length All Types of Work ____________________ 114.019 Miles

Total Cost All Types of Work __________________________

$736,943.00

POST ROADS PROJECTS

Number of Bridges __

(County Contracts) ____________________________ 25

Length of Bridges

___________________________

0.522 Miles

Grading

_______________ ------------------------------- 304.339 Miles

Grading and Base ______________

______________ ____ 125.198 Miles

Base ____________________

_____ 114.912 Miles

Bituminous Surfacing ________________

245.754 Miles

Resurfacing

______________________ _____________________ 0.450 Miles

Total Length All Types of Work ___________________ 791.175 Miles

Total Cost All Types of Work __

$ 4,895,373.00

POST ROADS PROJECTS

(Convict Forces)

Number of Bridges _______________________________ Length of Bridges _____________________________________________ Grading _______________ _________________ _________________

1 0.020 Miles 9.752 Miles

Grading and Base ------------------------------------------------ 25.698 Miles

Base

-----------------------------------------

9.751 Miles

Total Length All Types of Work _______

45.221 Miles

Total Cost All Types of Work ______ _

$355,077.00

Summary of Contracts Awarded July 1, 1953, to June 30, 1954

Number of Grade Crossing Signals _____

22

Number of Underpasses _____________________

4

Number of Bridges -------------------------------------------- 131

Length of Bridges ________________________________

3.457 Miles

Grading ______ __ ____ __________________________________ _____ 492.814 Miles

Grading and Base ______________________ Base ____ __ __ _ __ ______________

200.313 Miles _______ 221.915 Miles

Bituminous Surfacing __________ Resurfacing _______________

__________________ 795.551 Miles ____________________ 67.113 Miles

Concrete Pavement _______________ _____________________

16.865 Miles

Total Length All Types of Work ____________ 1,798.028 Miles

Total Amount All Contracts Awarded by State Highway Department ____

$31,699,882.00

Twenty-Fifth Report, State Highway Department of Georgia 117
Division of Right-of-Way
R. E. ADAMS State Highway Right-of-Way Engineer
The Division of Right-of-Way is responsible for the acquisition of right-of-way for all State and Federal-aid projects and the processing of permits for encroachments on the State Highway right-of-way. During this biennium, right-of-way deeds and easements have been secured on 339 projects.
Right-of-Way on Interstate System
The acquisition of right-of-way on the National System of Interstate Highways for future four-lane construction is in progress in various sections of the State as the needs warrant. In some cases, projects are initiated which cover only the acquisition of right-of-way, so that surveys may be made and the right-of-way secured in advance of the construction program. Such projects are handled in cooperation with the Bureau of Public Roads and must necessarily be limited to projects for which definite plans are being made for future construction as a part of the Interstate System or the Federal-aid Primary System.
Greater importance is being stressed on the width of rightof-way on the Interstate System, with indicated widths of 200 feet in urban areas and 300 feet in rural areas, with additional widths as needed for slope and interchanges. This, of course, will materially increase the costs for right-of-way, which continue to rise for all types of projects, but especially on the Federal-aid Primary System and the Interstate System.
Limited Access Law Needed
On many miles along both sides of the main, through highways in the State, business interests have located their establishments. Many structures have been set up to the right-ofway line. Circulation of vehicles and pedestrians to and from these business houses has made these ,roads hazardous, slowed down vehicular speed, and increased traffic congestion. Wid-

118 Twenty-Fifth Report, State Highway Department of Georgia
ening roads like these would destroy the roadside establishments and those not destroyed would continue to reduce efficiency of the highway; meanwhile, others would soon arise wherever any had been removed, rendering the road little, if any, better than before the widening occurred.
To build another road on a new location would be the usual decision on heavily traveled roads. Unless these new roads are given some protection, they will soon be occupied by roadside establishments like the old road, and the old business will suffer, at the same time the roads will again become obsolete and inefficient.
By prohibiting access from abutting property (except by service or collection roads which in turn are connected at suitable, protected points to the main highway) the highway itself can render maximum service over a far longer period of time, while the local business establishments will actually retain their attractiveness to business and can continue at their present stands. Experience shows that usually most of such establishments that are servicing local needs actually have more business after the access to the highway has been limited than before. At the same time, local residents have safe access to the main roads and accidents are thus reduced.
Georgia's present laws permitting limiting of access apply only in one county. This law should be extended to make it possible to include all vital, main roads anywhere in the State.
Outstanding examples of the rapid deterioration that occurs when commercial development takes place along a roadside, and access from all abutting land is not restricted, can be seen in Cobb County along U. S. Highway 41, the four-lane section between State Route 5 in Marietta and the Cobb-Fulton County line, and on the new four-lane section of U. S. Highway 41 in Clayton County from the Fulton-Clayton County line southward, and on many other roads of similar type throughout Georgia.
The two specific sections of road referred to were constructed at great cost to the taxpayers of the State, but were designed to carry great volumes of traffic. Roadside commercial development is rapidly converting them (already far advanced in Cobb County) to rural business streets, with resulting increase of hazards, congestion and restrictions imposed upon

Twenty-Fifth Report, State Highway Department of Geo1gia 119
the real owners and users of the highway, the traveling public. The question is this: Which group is to be restricted in its
use of these main, through roads, the people who are paying for them to have a road to travel upon in comfort, safety and with reasonable speed, or the business interests which come in and gradually curtail this freedom of movement along the road paid for by the taxpayers?
It should be a duty imposed by law upon the road authorities of the State, the counties or the cities to restrict indiscriminate and universal access to main roads by the owners or users of abutting land, in order to preserve the taxpayer's interests and his right to safe use of his roads for travel purposes.
The Federal Government now requires that all of the roads designated as parts of the National System of Interstate Highways have limitation of the right of access by abutting property owners as a basic factor of design, before any such section is acceptable. The State of Georgia does not now have statutes empowering the State Highway Department to meet the Federal requirements.
Right-of-Way on Secondary Roads
The acquisition of right-of-way on secondary or Post Roads generally presents no unusual problem, as the counties secure the right-of-way on these local and farm-to-market roads with little or no cost, except where buildings or other improvements need to be moved or otherwise damaged because of the highway construction. The widths of right-of-way acquired on these low-traffic roads vary from 60 to 100 feet; the greater width being secured to provide for future increase in traffic and to allow for road widening without removal or relocation of buildings erected after the initial highway construction.
Easements
The Highway Agent (Utilities Liaison), assigned jointly to this division and the Division of Contracts and Estimates, handles all contacts with railroads and public utility companies concerning easement agreements for highway encroachment on their property and negotiations regarding the costs of the removal and relocation of facilities which conflict with construction of the highway.

120 Twenty-Fifth Report, State Highway Department of Georgia
On projects involving Federal participation in the costs of the removal and relocation of public utility facilities, it is necessary to have a force-account agreement between the Highway Department and the utility owner, and also to furnish the Bureau of Public Roads with a legal finding as to the liability of the Highway Department for such expenses.
Control and Protection of Right-of-Way
The Rules and Regulations for the Control and Protection of State Highway Rights-of-Way, adopted by the State Highway Board, authorizes the State Highway Engineer, and in certain cases the field Division Engineers, to grant permits for permissible encroachments on the right-of-way. The application for permit is submitted to the field Division Engineer, who makes a thorough investigation of the conditions at the site of the proposed encroachment and forwards the application and permit, with his recommendations, to the General Office. The Highway Agent (Utilities Liaison) processes the application and submits the permit to the State Highway Engineer for his approval.
The field Division Engineer is authorized to grant permits for encroachments necessary and relative to driveways for entrances to residences, farms, farm lands, and small business establishments, where the scope of the encroachment is simple and limited in extent and traffic conditions are not or will not be complex, and also for the seasonal use of portions of the right-of-way for landscaping and cultivation purposes that do not endanger traffic on the highways nor interfere with the maintenance and drainage of the highways.
The Rules and Regulations also contain special stipulations covering the construction of drive-in theatres, and require that plans of the development be submitted to the State Highway Department for inspection and approval before construction is begun.
The enforcement of the Rules and Regulations will keep the highway right-of-way clear for the use of all the people, instead of allowing the abutting property owners to restrict its use until the cost of future widening of the highways becomes prohibitive. Since the regulations were adopted in April, 1951, splendid cooperation has been obtained from the public in protecting the highway right-of-way.

Twenty-Fifth RepoTt, State Highway DepaTtment of GeoTgia 121
Division of Construction
C. S. FAIN
State Highway Construction Engineer
The Division of Construction is responsible for supervisiOn of all contract construction work carried on by the Highway Department, except urban projects, and for Plans, Specifications and Estimate inspections of proposed projects. The Division of Materials and Tests is also under the general direction of the State Highway Construction Engineer.
Highway Construction Engineers of this division maintain contact with all projects in plan or construction status. One engineer is assigned to each of the five field divisions, and it is his responsibility to make Plans, Specifications and Estimate inspections on all projects proposed for construction, to consult with personnel in the divisions on problems and situations arising during the construction of projects, and also to pass on the contractors' satisfactory completion of contracts before final acceptance of the work by the State.
Preliminary Plans
The Division of Construction cooperates in the preparation of plans, making suggestions as to location and design, maintains liaison between the field and the Division of Road Design, and also with the U. S. Bureau of Public Roads on matters pertaining to the review of preliminary plans.
During 1954, greater emphasis has been placed upon preliminary plan work in the field divisions. This was necessary because of inadequate space in the General Office building and lack of competent draftsmen for handling the increased volume of plan work. Gratifying progress has been made in the preparation of such plans by the field divisions. Whether this work is performed in one of the five field divisions or by the Division of Road Design, the layout and profile are plotted and the drainage requirements are established.

122 Twenty-Fifth Report, State Highway Department of Georgia
P. S. and E. Inspection
The preliminary plans are delivered to this division for a Plans, Specifications and Estimate inspection. This is made by the State Highway Construction Engineer or one of his assistants, in company with a representative of the Bureau of Public Roads, on Federal-aid projects, the field Division Engineer or his assistant, and usually others. State-aid work is handled in the same manner, except that the representative of the Bureau of Public Roads is not present. With the plans on the site of the proposed work, a careful check is made of desired changes in or additions to the plans. After review and approval of the P. S. and E. inspection report, the final Plans, Specifications and Estimates are completed.
Construction Inspection
When a contract has been let and construction authorized, the State Highway Construction Engineer and his assistants make periodic inspections of the contractor's work. These inspections continue throughout the period of construction and until the job is finally completed and accepted by the State, at which time the Division of Maintenance is notified that the road is to be taken over for future maintenance. One important objective of these inspections is to insure uniform interpretation and application of the specifications in the five field divisions. On projects involving Federal funds, inspectionR referred to above are often made in company with an engineer from the Bureau of Public Roads.
The State Highway Construction Engineer reviews change orders and supplemental agreements proposing changes from the approved plans, also force account bills and claims, recommending approval or disapproval.
This division, through reports from the field, keeps a record of each construction job, showing the date work was authorized, the date construction was started, monthly record of progress and per cent completed, date of completion and date of final acceptance.

Twenty-Fifth Report, State Highway Department of Georgia 123
Division of Materials and Tests
C. S. FAIN
State Highway Construction Engineer
W. F. ABERCROMBIE
State Highway Materials Engineer
The Division of Materials and Tests is under the direct supervision of the State Highway Materials Engineer. This division is under the general direction of the State Highway Construction Engineer, who is also in charge of the Division of Construction and coordinates the work of the two divisions.
Temporary Field Laboratories
It has been found necessary in some types of construction to have field control of materials and tests exercised by representatives of the field Division Engineer, and consequently field laboratories are maintained on all concrete, asphalt, soil base, and large bridge projects. Control of the work done in the field laboratories is maintained through visits to the projects by Laboratory representatives, by liaison with the Division Materials Test Engineer, and by submission of periodic reports and check samples to the Laboratory for complete analysis.
Study of Local Materials
The Laboratory makes surveys of the local natural materials throughout the State and through studies develops designs which will utilize these as bases or surface courses to the best advantage from the standpoint of service and economy.
Soil survey parties from the Atlanta office of the Division of Materials and Tests make soil surveys and subgrade surveys on all projects let to contractors, drilling by power drills or by hand in areas inaccessible to the truck-mounted apparatus. The presence of rock in places inaccessible to the power drill is determined by use of the electric earth-resistivity apparatus. Obtaining information as to the existing earth layers below the ground surface has proven valuable in connec-

124 Twenty-Fifth Report, State Highway DepaTtment of Georgia
tion with the laying of grades, correcting subgrade material, and placing necessary drainage.
Research and Investigations
To be fully informed as to the quality of aggregates being offered to the Highway Department, representatives of this division make periodic inspection trips to the various sources of material where aggregates are being produced for possible use in bridge and road construction and maintenance. Samples are secured for complete analyses and changes or possible changes in the available materials are noted for future consideration.
A continuous job-mix program has been in progress during the period covered by this report. The specifications require such job mixes for Portland cement concrete pavement and Class AA concrete and every effort is made to prevent delays in a project due to the lack of the required job-mix design. For hot asphalt plant mixtures, the design program takes each job into consideration individually and many trial designs are made in order to secure a resultant design which will produce a mixture having the desired density and stability at the most economical cost.
The Laboratory works in close cooperation with the Division of Bridges in making foundation studies and testing undisturbed samples taken from the natural ground existing under proposed piers or abutments.
Research is conducted by the Laboratory as a regular part of its activities and special tests are often developed to determine the suitability and acceptability of certain new materials which are not governed by standard methods of tests adopted by the American Association of State Highway Officials or by the American Society of Testing Materials.
Branch Laboratories
To better serve the contractor, by eliminating delays caused by testing, a branch laboratory is operated in each of the five field divisions. During the two-year period ending June 30, 1954, these laboratories tested 96,350 samples, mostly soils and coarse aggregate, which materially reduced the work of

Twenty-Fifth Report, State Highway Department of Georgia 125
the general Laboratory in Atlanta. In addition, the branch laboratories at Augusta and Savannah inspected 109,037 lineal feet of concrete pipe.
Samples Tested
During the year ending June 30, 1953, the Laboratory tested 50,174 samples and inspected at plants in the Atlanta area 61,134 feet of metal pipe, 159,584 feet of concrete pipe and 2,170 tons of reinforcement steel. Work for the year ending June 30, 1954, included testing of 48,786 samples and inspection of 63,872 feet of metal pipe, 195,732 feet of concrete pipe and 2,386 tons of reinforcement steel.

A six-lan e ection of th e Atlanta Exjn esswaj, ha L in a four stru ctures carrj'in a traffic of hr avily tra veled streets ove r th e expresswar.

Twenty-Fifth RepoTt, State Highway DepUTtment of GeoTgia 127
Division of Urban Projects
S. P. ALLISON, Urban Engineer
The Division of Urban Projects is responsible for the preparation of plans and advancement of projects to be constructed with Federal-aid Urban funds. During the two years covered by this report, contracts have been awarded for the construction of 31.19 miles of urban projects, including 15 bridges and 3 underpasses at a total cost of over $6.5 million. In addition, this division has prepared plans, for other than urban work, covering 3.34 miles of roadway improvement and 10 bridges let to contract at a total cost of $1.4 million.
Federal-aid Urban funds may be expended only on the Federal-aid Urban Primary System or urban extensions of the Federal-aid Secondary System, in urban areas of 5,000 or more population. Regulations permit approval only of projects that increase the traffic capacity of streets or roads in urban areas to the extent of at least one additional lane of traffic. Minor street improvements, repaving, or other work inside curb lines is not eligible for the expenditure of Urban funds.
Urban Areas
The Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1944 defined an "urban area" as an area including and adjacent to a municipality or other urban place of 5,000 or more, as shown by the latest available Federal census. For this purpose, the term "latest available Federal census" means the latest published official census, decennial or special.
The Act provided that the boundaries of urban areas would be fixed by the highway department of each state, subject to the approval of the Bureau of Public Roads. Each area has to include at least the incorporated area of the municipality but may extend outside the corporate limits to include areas which are urban in character. Satellite communities, such as city suburbs in a metropolitan area, may be included regardless of size. Thus, by the establishment of these urban areas,

128 Twenty-Fifth Report, State Highway Department of Georgia

highway planning for the whole community without regard to corporate boundaries and political subdivisions is being facilitated.

Based upon reports prepared by the Division of Highway Planning, urban area boundaries have been fixed and approved by the Bureau of Public Roads for all but one of the places classified as urban areas, according to the 1950 census. The 40 urban areas in Georgia are listed below. Atlanta includes East Point, College Park, Hapeville, Decatur, Avondale Estates, North Atlanta, and several other communities. The town of Rossville is included in the urban area of Chattanooga, Tennessee.

Albany Americus Athens Atlanta Augusta Bainbridge Brunswick Cairo Carrollton Cartersville Cedartown Columbus Cordele Covington Dalton Douglas Dublin Elberton Fitzgerald Fort Valley

Gainesville Griffin LaGrange Macon Marietta Milledgeville Moultrie Newnan Rome Rossville Savannah Statesboro Thomaston Thomasville Tifton Toccoa Valdosta Vidalia Warner Robins Waycross

Atlanta Expressway
The four- and six-lane divided expressway running north and south through Atlanta and Fulton County is still the outstanding urban project in the State. Construction has been completed, or contracts have been awarded, for 16.404 miles at a cost of nearly $14.5 million. Right-of-way has been obtained and plans are being prepared for the remaining por-

Twenty-Fifth Report, State Highway Department of Georgia 129
tions of the expressway to bring this giant project to completion.
The Atlanta Expressway is a limited access facility, along which no access is allowed to and from abutting property and also along which vehicles may enter and leave only at selected points. Generally, these points are located at important cross streets or highways and conflicting traffic movements are separated by constructing the expressway to pass over or under the cross streets.
Since the completed sections have been open to traffic, it has been amply demonstrated that the expressway will make a major contribution toward alleviating traffic congestion along present highways and streets in and around Atlanta, and will reduce the travel time for north-south through traffic. On the six-lane section of the expressway, where only five to seven minutes of travel time is yet available, traffic volumes reach 35,000 vehicles per day, with peak-hour volumes of 3,200 on the three inbound lanes. When completed, the expressway will serve six radiating Interstate Highway routes, and it is estimated that it will carry 60,000 vehicles per day.
When originally planned, a large portion of the expressway was through relatively open areas. Development of adjacent land uses began as soon as the location was fixed. Construction of housing developments, subdivisions, industrial plants, motels and other land uses has exceeded or kept pace with construction of the expressway.
Urban Projects
The following urban projects were let to contracts during this biennium:
Albany
Paving on State Route 3, 1.134 miles.
Paving on State Route 50, 3.046 miles. Widening and paving on Slappey Drive and Oglethorpe Avenue, 1.654 miles.

130 Twenty-Fifth Report, State Highway Depa1tment of Georgia
Atlanta Improvement on State Route 3, 2.950 miles. Grading and paving and construction of five bridges and one underpass on Atlanta Expressway, 4.820 miles.
Augusta Paving on State Route 12, 2.672 miles.
Brunswick Construction of approaches to new Turtle River Bridge, 3.177 miles.
Columbus Widening, resurfacing and new construction on Columbus to Fort Benning Road, State Route 1 Spur, 0.518 mile.
Macon Construction of 4-lane divided highway to Robins Air Force Base, State Route 247, 11.219 miles.

Twenty-Fifth Report, State Highway Department of Georgia 131
Post Roads Division
GEORGE T. McDONALD, Director F. P. KING, Assistant Director
George T. McDonald, Director of the Post Roads Division, was on leave of absence from the State Highway Department from November 1, 1952, to July 1, 1954, so that he could accept a position as chief engineer with a consulting engineering firm, in charge of an engineering group to assist the Kingdom of Iraq in getting started on a highway program. This was in connection with the United States Government's Point Four program in that country. From all accounts, Mr. McDonald made an enviable record while in Iraq. He was commended by both the Kingdom of Iraq and the engineering firm he represented. Great progress was made in training the natives to take over the different functions of the highway program.
In the absence of Director McDonald, F. P. King, Assistant Director, was in charge of the operations of the Post Roads Division.
Contracts Let
Very satisfactory progress has been made in the construction of Post Roads during this biennium. This program has been carried out with both Federal and State funds under contracts let to competitive bids, either as Federal-aid Secondary projects or 100% State fund projects, and with State funds under contracts with officials of the various counties. These contracts have been well distributed among the counties throughout the State and close cooperation has been maintained with county road officials.
During the two years ending June 30, 1954, the Highway Department awarded contracts for improvements on Post Roads and farm-to-market roads not on the State Highway System amounting to over $15 million. These contracts covered 605 miles of grading, 265 miles of grading and base, 289 miles of base, and 959 miles of bituminous surfacing, making

132 Twenty-Fi fth R e1Jo1t, State Highw ay Depa1tment of Geo1gia
Precast concrete bridge over Willacoo chee Creek, in Irwin Count y, between O cilla and Osierfield. Post R oad Project 1476 (4).

Twenty-Fifth Repo1t, State Highway Department of Georgia 133

a total of 2,118 miles of roadway improvements. These contracts also covered the construction of 78 bridges, 1.534 miles in length, and the installation of 6 grade crossing signals.
A summary of the projects placed under contract is given below, and a detailed tabulation is presented elsewhere in this report.

Federal-aid Secondary Projects 100o/c State Fund Projects ...

Mileage
175.8 1,944.0

Cost
$ 3,078,102 12,759,656

TotaL

2,119.8 $15,837,758

1954 Secondary Road Plan
Section 1 (c) of the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1954 provides, in part, as follows:
"That in the case of those sums heretofore, herein, or hereafter apportioned to any State for projects on the Federal-aid secondary highway system, the Secretary of Commerce may, upon the request of any State, discharge his responsibility relative to the plans, specifications, estimates, surveys, contract a wards, design, inspection, and construction of such secondary road projects by his receiving and approving a certified statement by the State highway department setting forth that the plans, design, and construction for such projects are in accord with the standards and procedures of such State applicable to projects in this category approved by him: Provided further, That such approval shall not be given unless such standards and procedures are in accordance with the objectives set forth in section 1 (b) of the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1950: Provided further, That nothing contained in the foregoing provisos shall be construed to relieve any State of its obligation now provided by law relative to maintenance, nor to relieve the Secretary of Commerce of his obligation with respect to the selection of the secondary system or the location of projects thereon, to

134 Twenty-Fifth Report, State Highway Department of Georgia
make a final inspection after construction of each project, and to require an adequate showing of the estimated and actual cost of construction of each project."
The State Highway Department desires to take advantage of this provision and submitted a formal application to the Secretary of Commerce with a statement of procedures to be followed under what is to be known as the 1954 Secondary Road Plan. The plan was approved and will be put into effect in Georgia on November 1, 1954. Under the plan, the only contact with the Bureau of Public Roads, after a Federal-aid Secondary project has been approved in the program, will be a final inspection after construction has been completed. It is expected that this procedure will expedite the processing and construction of Federal-aid Secondary projects to a considerable extent, and will make it possible for more time and efforts to be devoted to projects on the Interstate, Primary and Urban Systems.
Federal-Aid Secondary System
The selection of roads to be included in the Federal-aid Secondary System or revisions in the system are made in cooperation with the county commissioners and approved by the Bureau of Public Roads. This division contacts the county commissioners on matters pertaining to changes in the system and, with the assistance of the Division of Highway Planning, submits requests for such changes to the Bureau of Public Roads. The approved Federal-aid Secondary System as of June 30, 1954, consisted of 12,556 miles, of which 6,627 miles were on the State Highway System and 5,929 miles were on county roads. The total mileage of Post Roads, or county roads, in the State was 72,332.6 miles, of which 5,220.2 miles were unimproved, 46,493.7 miles graded and drained, 8,964.1 miles soil-surfaced, 6,928.2 miles gravel or stone, and 4,726.4 miles paved.
Federal-Aid Programs
The Post Roads Division, with the cooperation of the Division of Highway Planning, is responsible for the preparation and submission of programs of projects selected for improve-

Twenty-Fifth Report, State Highway Department of Georgia 135
ment with Federal-aid funds. During this biennium, three Primary programs, two Interstate programs, two Secondary programs, and one Forest Highway program have been submitted. This division has also prepared necessary documents for the revision of a large number of projects and obtained approval of these revisions by the Bureau of Public Roads.

:\.

I

Larae, ove rhead sians on the Atlanta Expressway aid the motorist, w hile traveling at high speed, to select the proper lan e to reach the desired destination .

Twenty-Fifth Report, State Highway Department of Georgia 137
Division of Maintenance, Equipment and Warehouse
C. W. LEFTWICH
State Highway Maintenance Engineer
The citizens of the State of Georgia have a tremendous investment in roads and bridges which must be protected at all times, both from natural deterioration and from the wear and tear of constant use. The Division of Maintenance, Equipment and Warehouse is charged with the responsibility of conserving this investment and in providing for the traveling public a system of State roads which is as safe and modern as can be had with the funds available. In carrying forward this program, it is necessary that shops be operated for the repair and rebuilding of equipment; that necessary parts, supplies, and materials be stored in warehouses; that signs be fabricated and erected ; that center lines be placed; and that the highways be protected from misuse by overloaded vehicles. The above operations are in addition to routine maintenance activities.
Maintenance
Each of the field Division Engineers is assisted by a Highway Engineer and two Highway Maintenance Assistants to aid in properly supervising the field maintenance forces in his division. The divisions are divided into 30 to 45 geographical subdivisions, known as patrol sections, each of which is in charge of a foreman known as a patrolman. The patrolman is responsible for the normal routine maintenance of roads and bridges in his section and has assigned to him the necessary labor and equipment with which to carry out his duties. The work consists of scraping and shaping of earth roads, patching of pavements, control of grass and weeds, maintaining adequate drainage, and other tasks as required.
In each division there are several roving maintenance crews with special equipment and labor necessary to perform heavy maintenance work for which the patrolman is not equipped.

138 Twenty-Fifth Report, State Highway Department of Georgia

This work consists of heavy ditching, reshaping of roadways, resealing of asphalt pavements, and similar heavy work.

When it becomes necessary to close a section of highway due to new construction in progress, this division assumes the responsibility of selecting, marking, and maintaining an appropriate detour. Every effort is made to inconvenience the traveling public as little as possible.

In addition to routine maintenance activities, during the past two years this division has performed the following work on roads and bridges:

Pavement Widened .....

72 Miles ...... $ 314,490

Bituminous Surfacing

2,849 Miles

9,291,261

Top Soil Patching . .

351 Miles ....

428,353

Concrete Patching .

247 Miles

323,664

Shoulders and Ditches Rebuilt 1,784 Miles

873,297

Major Bridge Repairs . ..

. .....

1,720,782

Equipment
In order that the maintenance program may proceed in an orderly and economical manner, it is necessary to replace worn-out vehicles and machinery with new equipment and to keep the equipment in good operating condition at all times. During this biennium, the Maintenance Division has acquired trucks, tractors, road machines, motor graders, tractor mowers, and other equipment at a cost of $2,400,746.37.
Repair and overhaul facilities are located at Cartersville, Gainesville, Augusta, Thomaston, Albany, Swainsboro, Glennville, and Douglas. These shops are equipped to perform major repairs and provide traveling mechanics to do repair work in the field.

Warehouses
By the purchase of commonly used parts, supplies, and materials in large quantities, considerable savings are effected. These items are stored in warehouses located at East Point and Douglas and are issued to the various shops as needed. Each warehouse is operated under the supervision of a Warehouse Superintendent who reports directly to the State Highway Maintenance Engineer.

Twenty-Fifth Report, State Highway Department of Georgia 139
Center Line and Bridge Painting
For the safety of the traveling public, this division is constantly engaged in painting center and barrier lines on new pavement and in renewing lines on old pavement. For this work, modern machinery and highly skilled workmen are used. Three crews were operating during the period of this report and placed 25,300 miles of center and barrier lines at a cost of $1,017,599.55. This amount includes the cost of both labor and materials and reflects an average cost of $40.22 per mile. Georgia was a pioneer in the center lining of roads and has maintained its leadership in this field.
For the preservation of the many bridges in the State, it is necessary that they be painted at regular intervals. Three crews are engaged in this work and during the past two years have painted 145 bridges of various sizes at a cost of $251,377.21, including labor, paint and supplies.
Signs
A very important service for the convenience and safety of the traveler in Georgia is the fabrication and erection of road warning and directional signs. These signs are constantly having to be replaced due to natural deterioration and other causes. The speed limit having been changed by the last General Assembly, it has become necessary to change all the existing speed limit signs, except those in low-speed zone areas. The marking of detours is also a service of great importance to guide the traveler safely around new construction work in progress throughout the State.
A sign shop is located at East Point where old signs are reclaimed and new signs are fabricated for distribution to the field divisions. This shop is operated under the supervision of a Superintendent of Signs and has an average crew of 17 employees. During the past two years, this shop has reclaimed approximately 20,000 old signs and has fabricated approximately 80,000 new signs. Modern methods of production are used and the cost of the signs has been kept to a minimum.
The erection of the signs on the highways is supervised by sign foremen located at Cartersville, Gainesville, Augusta, Thomaston, Albany, Douglas, Soperton, and Ludowici. These

Portable loadom eter scales are used satisfactorily in weiahing trucks in th e enforce m ent of th e legal weight limits.

Twenty-Fifth RepoTt, State Highway DepaTtrnent of GeoTgia 141
foremen are furnished with equipment and labor necessary to prepare directional signs of local application and to erect all signs within their respective territories.
It is believed that the marking of the highways of Georgia will compare favorably with that of any state in the nation.
Truck Weighing
Of great importance in the protection of the investment the people of Georgia have in highways and bridges is the regulation and control of the vehicles which use them. It has long been recognized that overloaded trucks are a major cause of pavement failures and for several years the Highway Department has conducted a program to enforce the laws relating to overweight vehicles. A special unit is organized for this work, in charge of a superintendent who reports to the State Highway Maintenance Engineer, and five mobile crews are employed in the field. Each of these crews is equipped with portable scales which can be easily and quickly transported from one inspection location to another and the crews alternate between the various highways at frequent intervals. When a vehicle is found which exceeds the legal weight limit, a case is made against the driver and he is tried in the county in which the violation is detected.
During the past two years, this unit has weighed 60,694 vehicles and 2,837 cases were made against the operators. This amounts to approximately 4. 7 ~c of all the vehicles weighed. It is believed that the effectiveness of this program will increase and that the program will be of even greater value in the future.
The superintendent in charge of truck weighing is authorized to issue special permits for overweight and oversize vehicles to travel over the highways of this State when it is appropriate to do so.
Roadside Parks
During this biennium, the State Highway Department began the construction of a system of roadside parks, believing that they are essential to the comfort and convenience of the traveling public. These roadside parks are located at inter-

142 T wenty-F'if th Repo?t, State Highway Depa?tment of Geo1gia
T wo vzews of R oadside Pa rk on U. S. 82, between S ylvester and Tifton.

Twenty-Fifth Report, State Highway Department of Georgia 143
vals along heavily traveled routes and their popularity is attested by the extensive use made of them. Since the program was inaugurated, 53 of these parks have been completed and an additional 52 have been surveyed and planned. Of the latter, the construction has been authorized on 24 and work is under way on most of them.
These parks are constructed on land adjoining the highway right-of-way and which has been deeded to the State Highway Department or leased for a period of ten years, with an option to renew the lease for a like period. Sites are selected with the comfort and safety o'f the traveler in mind and amid attractive surroundings. The Division of Maintenance, Equipment and Warehouse is responsible for the upkeep of these parks.
All roadside parks are sponsored by some civic agency or the county commissioners, except those being built within national forest areas. These latter are constructed in cooperation with the U. S. Forestry Service and the majority are sponsored by some civic organization as well. No State funds are expended for the purchase or lease of any of the sites.
The Superintendent of Roadside Parks, who reports to the State Highway Maintenance Engineer, handles the promotion work, obtains deeds or leases to the sites, etc., and a Highway Construction Engineer inspects the sites and prepares plans for construction of the parks. The parks are built by the State maintenance forces under the supervision of the field Division Engineer.

144 Twenty-Fifth Repo1t, State Highway Department of Georgia
THE FIVE FIELD DIVISIONS

STATE

HIGHWAY DEPARTMENT

Of

0

Gl~ORGt.\.

FIVE HIGHWAY DIVISIONS AND HEAOOUARTERS ARE INDICATED

0

F

L

0

R

Boundaries of the Field Divisions of 'the State Highway Department, and the Division Headquarters, are shown in the map above. The division by counties is as follows:
Division One (Gainesville)-Banks, Barrow, Bartow, Catoosa, Chattooga, Cherokee, C'obb, Dade, Dawson, DeKalb, Douglas, Elbert, Fannin, Floyd, Forsyth, Franklin, Fu'lton, Gilmer, Gordon, Gwinnett, Habersham, Hall, Haralson, Hart, Jackson, Lumpkin, Madison, Murray, Paulding, Pickens, Polk, Rabun, Stephens, Towns, Union, Walker, White, Whitfield.
Division Two (Augusta)-Baldwin, Burke, Clarke, Columbia, Emanuel, Glascock, Greene, Hancock, Jasper, Jefferson, Jenkins, Johnson, Lincoln, McDuffie, Morgan, Newton, Oconee, Oglethorpe, Putnam, Richmond, Rockdale, Screven, Taliaferro, Walton, Warren, Washington, Wilkes, Wilkinson.
Division Three (Macon)-Bibb, Butts, Carroll, Chattahoochee, Clayton, Coweta, Crawford, Crisp, Dooly, Fayette, Harris, Heard, Henry, Houston, Jones, Lamar, Macon, Marion, Meriwether, Monroe, Muscogee, Peach, Pike, Pulaski, Schley, Spalding, Stewart, Sumter, Talbot, Taylor, Troup, Twiggs, Upson, Webster, Wilcox.
Division Four (Tifton)-Atkinson, Baker, Ben Hill, Berrien, Brooks, Calhoun, Clay, Clinch, Coffee, Colquitt, Cook, Decatur, Dougherty, Early, Echols, Grady, Irwin, Lanier, Lee, Lowndes, Miller, Mitchell, Quitman, Randolph, Seminole, T'errell, Thomas, Tift,
Turner, Worth. Division Five (Savannah)-App!ing, Bacon, Bleckley, Brantley, Bryan, Bulloch, Cam-
den, Candler, Charlton, Chatham, Dodge, Effingham, Evans, Glynn, Jeff Davis, Laurens, Liberty, Long, Mcintosh, Montgomery, Pierce, Tattnall, Telfair, Toombs, Treutlen, Ware,
Wayne, Wheeler.

Twenty-Fifth Report, State Highway Department of Georgia 145
Field Divisions
For administrative and operating purposes, the State is divided into five divisions, with headquarters located in Gainesville, Augusta, Macon, Tifton and Savannah. It is through the many activities of the Division Engineers, and the work of the Highway Engineers and the other experienced men on the division staff, that the roads are finally constructed, maintained and operated. It is essential that competent men be continually employed in these positions as the final service of the State High way Department to the people of the State becomes a reality through their efforts.
Organization
The Division Engineer is the administrative head of each division organization and his principal assistants are Highway Engineers. In each division, several Highway Engineers are assigned to construction supervision, one is in charge of maintenance, and one serves as Office Engineer.
All instructions issued by the officials of the General Office to field personnel are transmitted through the Division Engineer, who has direct administrative charge of all field operations, including location surveys, construction, and maintenance of roads and bridges on the State Highway System. Also, he is in charge of location surveys and construction of Post Roads projects initiated by the State Highway Department, but the maintenance of Post Roads is the responsibility of the counties. The Division Engineer and his assistants maintain close contact with county and other local officials concerning proposed work and other matters of mutual interest.
Construction
The Highway Engineers in charge of construction give field supervision to the work of the Resident Highway Engineers and other engineering personnel. They review work in progress and render reports to the Division Engineer of any unusual features encountered in construction. They correct defects in methods of construction and make recommendations

146 Twenty-Fifth Report, State Highway Department of GeoTgia
as to changes in methods or materials being used, and advise the Resident Highway Engineers concerning plans and specifications. They make frequent inspections of projects while in the planning stage and during all phases of construction, in company with engineers from the General Office and the Bureau of Public Roads. Construction projects are under the immediate supervision of a Resident Highway Engineer, who also prepares monthly and final statements of work performed by the contractors. Sufficient Highway Project Engineers, Senior Engineering Aides and Engineering Aides are assigned to each residency to properly carry on the construction work.
Maintenance
The maintenance of all roads on the State Highway System is handled by maintenance patrolmen, who are assigned to areas known as patrol sections. The patrolman is in charge of a crew with necessary equipment to perform routine maintenance work, such as machining dirt roads, cutting weeds along the right-of-way, and keeping open ditches and drainage structures. On hard surfaced roads, holes are patched as they develop, cracks filled with bituminous materials, and drainage defects corrected. In addition to the regular maintenance crews, each division has several special maintenance outfits in charge of superintendents or foremen, who are provided heavy equipment to handle more difficult repairs on roads and bridges. The work of the patrolmen is supervised by Highway Maintenance Assistants under the direction of the Highway Engineer in charge of maintenance.
Control and Protection of Right-of-Way
All applications for encroachment on the State highway right-of-way are submitted to the Division Engineer, who has an investigation made of the conditions at the site of the encroachment. The Division Engineer is authorized to grant permits for encroachments necessary and relative to driveways for entrances to residences, farms, farm lands, and small business establishments, where the scope of the encroachment is simple and limited in extent and traffic conditions are not or will not be complex, and also for the seasonal use of portions of the right-of-way for landscaping and cultivation

Twenty-Fifth Report, State Highway Department of Georgia 147
purposes that do not endanger traffic on the highways nor interfere with the maintenance and drainage of the highways.
For other types of encroachments, the Division Engineer prepares the permit and submits the application and permit, with his recommendations, to the General Office for approval by the State Highway Engineer. Upon approval of the permit, a copy of the permit is forwarded to the Division Engineer and the field engineering personnel inspect the work to insure that it is performed in accordance with the permit and the Rules and Regulations adopted by the State Highway Board.
Sign Crews
In each division, a sign crew in charge of a foreman is engaged in the erection and maintenance of road warning and directional signs. The sign foreman inspects the signs as he travels throughout the division and from his own observation and information furnished to him by the Division Engineer, the Highway Engineer in charge of Maintenance, or the General Office, determines the locations at which signs are needed or the signs which need repainting or replacing. Upon instructions from the division office, appropriate detour signs are erected at the site of construction projects, and special detour signs are painted in the division shop.

148 Twenty-Fifth R epo?t, State H ighway D e]Ja?tment of Geo1gia
Top, old timb e1' bri dge on Stat e R out e 90, no1'th of R ebecca, in Tu rner County. Bottom, new concrete structu1'e built by Stat e Maint enance FoTces,
using L ogan fo rm .

T wenty-Fifth Re]Jort, State H'ighway Depa?'t?nent of GeoTgia 149
Anoth er view of th e bridaes describ ed on th e opposite jJa ae,

150 Twenty-Fifth Report, State Highway Department of Georgia
TRAFFIC FLOW MAP STATE HIGHWAY SYSTEM
1953
Prepared by DIVISION OF HIGHWAY PLANNING

Twenty-Fifth Repo1t, State Highway Department of Georgia 151
Division of Highway Planning
OPERATED IN COOPERATION WITH U.S. BUREAU OF PUBLIC ROADS
ROY A. FLYNT
State Highway Planning Engineer
The Division of Highway Planning is operated in cooperation with the U. S. Bureau of Public Roads and is financed jointly with Federal and State funds. Since 1934, the various Federal-Aid Highway Acts of Congress have authorized the use of 11;2 per cent of all Federal-aid high way funds for engineering and economic studies. These Federal funds are matched by State funds.
The principal functions of the Division of Highway Planning consist of conducting continuing fact-finding studies, economic investigations, fiscal studies, inventories of highways, traffic safety engineering, rural traffic surveys, urban traffic studies, preparation of state and county maps, and recording the history of road development. Reports and recommendations prepared on the basis of these studies and records aid the members of the State Highway Board and other officials of the Highway Department in the formulation cif policies and the intelligent planning for future highway needs, including a long-range highway improvement program. Much of the work as carried on by this division has been made a prerequisite of approval for Federal-aid construction projects.
Traffic Safety Engineering
During this biennium, this division has surveyed traffic and highway conditions and made recommendations for the improvement of traffic movement and safety at a total of 445 locations on the State Highway System, of which 196 were in municipalities and 249 were in rural areas. This work was performed in 145 counties.
The above total included 175 locations at which traffic conditions were investigated in connection with applications for permits for the erection and operation of traffic signals on

152 Twenty-Fifth Repo1t, State Highway DepaTtment of GeoTgia
State highways. Plans and recommendations covering signal installations or other types of improvement were made for each of these locations, such as Stop, Speed Limit, Parking, Warning and other signs.
Investigations were made at 94 places at which accidents had occurred and 35 locations at which unsatisfactory traffic conditions had been reported. Recommendations concerning parking, routing, speed zoning, channelization and other improvements were made for 57 other locations. The sites and layouts of 25 drive-in theaters were checked for traffic safety.
Recommendations were made for complete, new route and warning signs for 34 highway routes through municipalities, for 25 rural locations, and for 5 U. S. Numbered Routes throughout their length in the State. This division designed and cooperated with the Division of Maintenance in supervising the fabrication and erection of signs for the Atlanta Expressway, the Eugene Talmadge Memorial Bridge at Savannah, and other four-lane highways.
Annual studies of traffic speed and speed trends on State highways have been made. The information contained was furnished to the Bureau of Public Roads and when combined with similar information furnished by other states is useful to the Highway Department in the establishment of highway design standards. The information is also furnished to the State Department of Public Safety for their use.
The Uniform Act Regulating Traffic on Highways provides for the designation of speed zones by the Director of Public Safety upon determination of the need for and extent of such zones by the Director of Public Safety and the State Highway Board, based upon engineering and traffic investigations. The Division of Highway Planning has been directed and authorized by the State Highway Board to make the necessary speed control studies and to represent the State Highway Board in cooperating with the Director of Public Safety in the establishment of speed zones. Such studies are undertaken by this division upon the request of the county commissioners or municipal authorities. Recommendations are submitted to the Director of Public .Safety and if he concurs therein, he issues an order establishing the speed zone.

Twenty-Fifth Report, State Highway Department of Georgia 153
Copies of all reports of traffic accidents reported by the Georgia State Patrol are furnished to the Division of Highway Planning by the Department of Public Safety. These reports are reviewed each month and any highway conditions reported by the State Patrol as having caused or having been a factor in an accident are reported to the field Division Engineers so that the conditions may be corrected immediately. A total of 1,490 locations have been reported to and checked by the field Division Engineers during this biennium.
This division made a statewide inventory of traffic signals erected on the State Highway System, in which information was obtained as to the location, type of signal, and timing of each signal. This will serve as a valuable record for reference and use in analyzing traffic accident reports, etc.
The Division of Highway Planning prepared the Georgia
Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices for Streets and Highways,
which was approved and adopted by the State Highway Board, as required in the Uniform Act Regulating Traffic on Highways. This manual contains specifications as to the size, shape, color, design, and installation of regulatory, warning and guide signs, markings, signals, etc. for use within all jurisdictions within the State. Printed copies of the manual have been distributed to all county commissioners and municipal authorities, and to interested personnel in the Highway Department.
Rural Traffic Surveys
Traffic counts are being obtained 24 hours a day, every day in the year, by the use of traffic recording machines at 24 permanent stations located at strategic points throughout the State. Fifteen of these stations are located on main or through highways and nine are located on roads having local or farm-to-market characteristics. In conjunction with the permanent stations, some of which have been in operation 16 years, 280 stations, having 1,082 count locations, have been in operation for the past seven years. Traffic counts for 48and 72-hour periods are made at these locations four times a year, during the four seasons, and these counts are expanded to give seasonal variations and annual averages for any given location within the State.
Traffic counts are made which show the annual average

154 Twenty-Fifth Report, State Highway Department of Georgia
traffic on all roads within a county. From these figures, it is possible to determine the actual traffic-carrying requirements of the roads in any given area, and improvement programs can be prepared on the basis of actual traffic demand or usage. Traffic volume figures have been furnished to a great number of officials and citizens covering specific routes throughout the State.
A loadometer or truck-weighing survey is conducted four times yearly, during the four seasons, at strategic points throughout the State to obtain data on truck types, changes in truck traffic volumes and weights, loading practices, etc. These data are furnished to Highway officials and the Bureau of Public Roads and when combined with similar data from other states are used to establish trends in traffic classification, in the weights and weight distribution of commercial vehicles and the quantities of goods transported.
A 1953 traffic flow map of the State Highway System is included in this report and additional copies may be obtained from the Division of Highway Planning upon request.
Urban Studies
Traffic problems in urban areas continue to receive special study by the Division of Highway Planning. Such studies include comprehensive traffic surveys covering volumes and character of traffc and routes followed by various vehicles. The purpose of these studies is to secure highway transportation data which will aid the Highway Department in providing improved traffic service in and near the principal cities, and to aid city planners in dealing with the critical traffic and parking problems existing within these areas.
During this biennium, a comprehensive traffic survey has been made in Macon and Bibb County, on which a preliminary Teport of findings has been completed. Special traffic studies have been made in Augusta and Savannah, and an origin-destination study in Athens is in its final stage. Also, the field work has been completed on a traffic survey in Columbus.
Studies are being made in connection with the selection of the Federal-aid Urban Primary System, as required by the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1944. This system of Federal-aid

Twenty-Fifth Report, State Highway Department of Georgia 155
routes in urban areas of 5,000 or more population is selected by the State Highway Department, in cooperation with the city officials, and approved by the Bureau of Public Roads. The Urban System has been approved in 21 of the 40 urban areas.
The urban area boundaries of places of 5,000 or more population were fixed on the basis of reports prepared by this division, and studies continue to be made to determine desirable revisions that should be made in these boundaries, particularly where the city limits have been extended.
Road Inventory
A complete reinventory of roads in 88 counties has been made during this biennium, which completes this work for all counties in the State. This inventory included the measurement of all public roads in the State, in accordance with an Act of the General Assembly of 1951, as outlined in a preceding section of this report. It will bring the records up to date and has provided the field data required in the preparation of revised county maps.
Information was obtained on each road to show the type of grading, base and surface; the width of surface, roadbed and right-of-way; topography and culture in sight of the road, such as farm units, dwelling, schools, churches, cemeteries, airports, lakes, streams, railroads and public parks. The information obtained on bridges include type of substructure, type of superstructure for each span, length of spans, and other data.
Information was also obtained on each railway-highway crossing, indicating the sight distance, kind of obstructions which restrict clear views, and type of protective devices. These data will be useful in the preparation of programs for protecting the most dangerous railway crossings by flashing lights, gates, or separation structures.
Maps
Maps of all counties in Georgia, prepared by this division, are available to the public at twenty-five cents each, to cover the cost of printing. Revised General Highway maps, based

156 Twenty-Fifth Report, State Highway Department of Georgia
on the reinventory of roads, have been completed for 142 counties, leaving only 17 counties for which revised maps are yet to be drawn. These maps show all roads, streams, railroads, municipalities, militia districts, and items of culture as mentioned above.
The value and usefulness of the county maps are evidenced by the large demand from individuals, business and engineering concerns, and governmental agencies. During the past two years, an average of 135 orders per month have been filled, varying in quantity from one map to a complete set of 159 maps. These maps are also of inestimable value in carrying on the various activities of the Highway Department.
The official map of the State Highway System, issued for free distribution, has been revised twice during this period.
Road Life Study
The Road Life Study has as its objective the assembly of records of highway construction and retirement on the State Highway System. Generally, the information can be used, as insurance companies use mortality tables, to determine by acturial method the mileage of pavement surfaces that it will be necessary to retire on a long-range basis. From these records, survivor curves can be developed and used in determining the probable life of various types of pavement surfaces.
The Road Life Study provides a complete record of every road and bridge on the State System constructed by the Highway Department since its organization in 1916. These records show the amount of expenditure for each type of construction, a detailed description of each road and bridge by location, type of surface, length, width, year built, and all subsequent retirements and reconstruction.
Fiscal Study
Each year, information is compiled on the revenue, expenditures, and outstanding bond indebtedness for roads and streets of all counties and municipalities in the State. These data are obtained directly from the records of the local governmental units. Monthly and annual statistical reports are prepared for the use of Highway officials and the Bureau of Public

Twenty-Fifth Repor-t, State Highway Depar-tment of Georgia 157
Roads on motor-vehicle registrations, highway-user taxes, and highway expenditures.
Route Inspection Reports
Field inspections are made and route reports prepared by the Division of Highway Planning on all projects before location surveys are made. These reports contain information on the population to be served, the source and volume of traffic, any alternate routes considered feasible, present condition of the road, gradients, stream crossings, railway-highway crossings, railroad and traffic hazards, and other features which will be of assistance in selecting the most advantageous route on which the permanent roadbed shall be constructed. These route inspection reports are distributed to the various divisions of the Highway Department and the Bureau of Public Roads, and used as guides in the location and design of highways and bridges.
Records of Highway Systems
This division assembles factual data required by the Bureau of Public Roads in justification of all projects included in the various Federal-aid programs and prepares reports to substantiate requests for additions to or changes in the Federalaid Systems. Records are kept of the State Highway System and the various Federal-aid Systems. An annual report is compiled, of which copies are furnished to the Bureau of Public Roads, giving information as to the mileage and surface type of roads constructed during the year and the total mileage, by type of surface, of the State Highway System, county roads, and the Federal-aid Systems.
Tabulations are made of the State Highway System by routes, counties and Congressional Districts, for use by other units of the Highway Department and the State and local governments. A tabulation of the official mileage of the State Highway System and other public roads in each county is furnished to the State Treasurer as of the beginning of each fiscal year, which is used as a basis for the apportionment and disbursement of the State funds appropriated by the General Assembly to the counties for construction and maintenance of roads.

ILLUSTRATION OF LIMITS OF WEIGHT S
SIZE OF MOTOR VEHICLES OPERATED IN GEORGIA

SINGLE- UNIT, 2-AXLE TRUCK

MAXIMUM LENGTH 35 FEET 1
MAXIMUM HEIGHT 13Z FEET

MAXIMUM WIDTH

8 FEET

(BUMPER TO BUMPER) (OVERALL)

Maximum gross weight not to exceed 36.000 lbs. but in no event to exceed
18,000 lbs. on o ny axle.

W= 700(26-1-40)= 46,200 LBS

SINGLE- UNIT, 3-AXLE TRUCK

MAXIMUM LENGTH MAXIMUM HEIGHT MAXIMUM WI OTH

35 FEET (BUMPER TO BUMPER) 13f FEET (QVERALLl 8 FEET

Maximum gross weight not to exceed 46,200 lbs. but in no event to exceed 18,000 lbs. on any axle.

54.000 LBS.

TRACTOR- TRUCK SEMI- TRAILER COMBINATION

MAXIMUM LENGTH MAXIMUM HEIGHT MAXIMUM WIDTH

45 FEET (BUMPER TO BUMPER}
132 FEET (OVERALL) 8 FEET
Maximum gross weight not to exceed 53,200 lbs. but in no event to exceed 18,000 lbs. on any axle.

Explanations of the above illustrations are presented on the opposite page.

Twenty-Fifth Report, State Highway Department of Georgia 159

Limitations of Weight and Size of Motor Vehicles

An Act of the General Assembly, approved March 27, 1941 (Act No. 262, Georgia Laws 1941, pp. 449-454) as amended by Act approved February 21, 1951, fixed the limitations of weight and size of motor vehicles which may be operated upon the public roads of the State. An interpretation of the Act is given below, and any inquiries concerning the law on this subject, or applications for permits to transport loads which exceed these limits, should be addressed to the State Highway Department of Georgia, No. 2 Capitol Square, Atlanta 3, Georgia.
The Act is applicable to all trucks, whether operated privately or for hire.

Size

No vehicles shall exceed a width including any load of

8 Feet

No vehicles with or without load shall exceed a height of . 13Y2 Feet

No vehicle shall exceed a length overall, including bumpers, of except busses of motor common carriers, which shall not exceed a length overall, including bumpers, oL ..

35 Feet 40 Feet

Combinations may not exceed two vehicles or units and when

so combined, overall length shall not exceed.

45 Feet

Loads of poles, logs, lumber, structural steel, piping, and timber may exceed the length herein fixed without requiring a special permit.

Weight
There are two methods, under the law, by which the permitted weight may be determined, and it is provided that the lesser of the two must prevail.
( 1) The gross weight (weight of vehicle and lading) shall not exceed 9,000 lbs. per wheel carrying low pressure pneumatic tires and the gross weight shall not exceed 18,000 lbs. per axle. All axles must be at least 40 inches apart.
(2) Under this method the gross weight (weight of vehicle and lading) is determined by the application of a formula devised by the American Association of State Highway Officials.
The formula is-W = C (L plus 40) where W =the total gross weight C=700 L = Distance between the front and rear axle (in feet) of the vehicle or combination.
(Illustrations are presented on the opposite page.)

COUNTY RECEIPTS AND EXPENDITURES FOR ROADS AND BRIDGES
For Thirteen-Year Period 1940-1952

RECEIPTS

COUNTY

County Revenue for Roads
and Bridges

Receipts from State Treasurer

Highway Refunding Total Receipts

Certificates and For County Roads

Forestry Funds

and Bridges

Appling ____

-----

Atkinson

--

Bacon ___ .

Baker ...... ---Baldwin __

Banks ..

Barrow___

Bartow

Ben Hill

B e r r i e n ... Bibb ____

Bleckley ____

Brantley..

Brooks ___

Bryan

Bulloch

Burke ..

----

Butts

Calhoun..

- ...

C a m d e n ___

Candler

Carroll

..

Catoosa

Charlton ___

-

Chatham ____ _ __

Chattahoochee _

Chattooga ___

Cherokee_

Clarke.

Clay ..

Clayton

---

Clinch

Cobb

Coffee

-----

Colquitt

Columbia

Cook

Coweta __

Crawford

....

Crisp

$ 366,694 59,850 179,715 46,578 859,036 143,378 156,120
1,074,693 328,814 382,720
2,922,538 165,459 54,619 516,888 106,528 586,973 181,786 484,795 193,053 169,901 92,.173,
1,503,851 256,830 128,447
3,512,778 4,157
661,706 621,601 947,295
25,005 743,660
32,642 3,838,899
372,232 2,013,007
128,103 364,346 1,561,001 130,791 210,629

$ 553,349 391,029
318,836 307,132 272,522 304,898 342,370 526,683
348,201 559,740
335,693 258,883 408,004 576,812 378,696 789,012 900,800 271,006 310,311 368,085 310,621 726,615 240,796 452,138 492,893 214,654 287,915
527,563 252,909 227,371 278,841 626.011 517,286 579,594 606,724 351,251 258,986 492,825 344,734 410,971

$ 102,488
1,399 82
35,934 6,140
440,595 18,019
179,660
724
2,366 -----
157,000 41,181 627 ,()40
2,791 49,902 186,490
650 119,281
6,073 244,367
9,513

$ 1,022,531 450,879 498,551 353,710
1,132,957 448,358 534,424
1,601,376 683,155 942,460
3,698,826 424,342 480,642
1,273,360 485,224
1,375,985 1,083,310
755.801 503,364 540,352 403,194 2,387,466 497,626 621,766 4,632,711 218,811 952,412 1,199,066 1,386,694 252,376 1,022,501 659,303 4,475,466 951,826 2,619, 731 479,354
629,405 2,298,193
485.038 621,600

Construction and
Maintenance
$ 718,990 377,900 435,087 306,325 994,284 393,137 462,580
1,509,618 670,100 862,481
2,849,482 403,045 437,412 920,453 464,967
1,271 ,20:i 1,067,154
648,172 479,104 505,755 400,628 2,070,734 413,334 497,987 2,717,413 191.575 812,246 1,130,137 1,031,137 218,170 975,019 404,058 3,567,360 900,772 2,199,352 45.1,657 574,506 2,068,837 469,070 528,513

EXPENDITURES

Cost of Right-of-Way (All Systems)

Bonds and Total Expenditures

Interest

for County Roads

Retirements

and Bridges

$ 23,928 3,511 9,804 8,678
9,229 615
11,398 68,688
9,373
3.1,085 66,407 10,499
6,548 21,836
2,320 86,564
2,615 7,386 4,218 6,345 20,697 13,478 4,424
3,585 147,660
10 28,104
2,846 17,580 3,254
20.434 5,634 35,600
25,755 13,852 9,434 9,792 16,796
998 33,470

$ 181,036
------------
29,327 55,875 44,529 54,650
6b6,342
348,155 220
104,562
342,480 83,179 21,000
1,353,3.19
330,235
428,091 4,195
278,800 76,093
253,484

$ 923,954 381,411 474,218 315,003
1,059,388 438,281
528,628 1,578,306
679,473
897,566 3,522,231
413,544
443,960 1,290,444
467,287 1,357,989 1,069,769
760,120 483,322 512,100 421,325 2,426,692 500,937
522,572 4,218,432
191,585 840,350
1,132,983 1,378,952
221,424 995,453
409,692 4,031,051
930,722 2,492,004
465,091 660,391
2,339,117 470,068 561,983

COUNTY RECEIPTS AND EXPENDITURES FOR ROADS AND BRIDGES-Continued
For Thirteen-Year Period 1940-1952

RECEIPTS

COUNTY

County Revenue
for Roads and Bridges

Receipts from State Treasurer

Highway Refunding Total Receipts

Ccrtificates and For County Roads

Forestry Funds

and Bridges

Jefferson ..

Jenkins-- Johnson ..
Jones .... Lamar Lanier Laurens ___ Lee ______

Liberty ...

Lincoln... ------------------

Long .....

....

Lowndes ................

Lumpkin.

Macon __________

Madison ..

Marion
McDnffi~---

Mcintosh ......
Meriwether Miller ... M i t c h e l L ..

Monroe ----------------Montgomery.... _ Morgan Murray___ .... Muscogee. Newton _____ OOglccotnheorep~:::

Paulding Peach . Pickens
P i e r c e ... Pike. Polk PulaskL .. P u t n a m ........ ---
Quitman ... Rabun .... Randolph

..... .......
......

248,953 144,444 181,607
250,829 219,054
4,039 1,148,728
57,315 56,713 28,533 23,613 712,123 58,489 88,194 116,550 41,304 169,018 372,244 380,784 237,046 337,546 309,030 92,191 339,536 144,531 4,132,394 249,773 85,810 125,277 134,269 109,528 274,557 186,642 165,305 1,236,082 72,636 205,504 12,061 262,291 192,205

749,906 325,758 343,367 396,743 245,878 420,757 877,077 364,948 487,157 289,590 271,633 669,961 335,341 618,387 435,966 322,192 309,956 244,065 618,569 241,269 693,797 573,199 330,740 381,627 288,095 374,458 488,425 260,436 399,061 471,222 224,021 398,409 337,055 244,738 328,547
282,977 370,915 207,172 306,426 304,770

3!,926
30,000
219,456 61,140 96,795
196,455 19,800 153,596 4,375
107,605 9,001
413,900 47,735 13,055 365
67,479
84,940
91,705
72,078 6,722 180,608

998,859 470,202 524,974 679,498 464,932 424,796 2.025,805
422,263 543,870 348,123
295,246 1,601,540
454,970 803,376 552,516 363,496 478,974 616,309 1,195,808 498,115 1,184,939 886,604 422,931 828,768 441,627
4,920,752 785,933 359,301 524,703 605,491
333,549 740,445
608,637 410,043 1,656,334 355,613 648,497 225,955 749,325 496,975

Construction and
Maintenance
795,202 439,309 411,832 660,360 470,613 188,706 1,607,784 312,060 396,880 315,157 226,045 1,144,124 331,308 631,707 487,985 330,633 462,013 542,399 915,894 475,511 904,889 874,005 340,856 552,109 393,997 3,392,567 726,390 327,020 398,026 461,711 297,485 626,565 380,716 404,955 1.325,878 342,297 640,547 202,148 450,300 500,588

EXPENDITURES

Cost of Right-of-Way (All Systems)

Bonds and Total Expenditures

Interest

for County Roads

Retirements

and Bridges

22,(189
3,792 2,889 1,894 5,245
8,393 48,623 13,113
7,544
998 2,295 105,519
2,881 450
8,923 2,763 3,896 11,523 29,899 12,840
61,152 22,665 13,283 25,962
742 14,845
25,282 904
9,677 1,190 2,855 1,407 24,978
515 20,981 10,770 13,544
6,983
46,119 8,433

207,135 80,850
n5,272 22,801
..
25,000 290,970
50,386 179,516
. 28,331 284,534 277,350
279,563 1,296,287
77,040 49,716 91,915 87,585 414,382 89,283
95,131

1,024,426 443,101
495,571 662,254 475,858 197,099 2,381,679 347,974 404,424
316,155 253,340 1,540,613 384,575 811,673 496,908 333,396 465,909
582,253 1,230,327
488,351
1,243,391 896,670 354,139 857,634 394,739
4,703,699
751,672 327,924 484,743 512,617 300,340 719,887
493,279 405,470 1,761,241
442,350 654,091 209,131 591,550
509,021

COUNTY RECEIPTS AND EXPENDITURES FOR ROADS AND BRIDGES-Continued
For Thirteen-Year Period 1940-1952

R E CEIPTS

COUNTY

County Revenue for Roads

Receipts from

Highway Refunding Total Receipts Ccrtifica tes and For County Roads

and Bridges

State Treasurer

Forestry Funds

and Bridges

Dade ...

Dawson __

Decatur __

DeKalb

-

Dodge ____

Dooly ..

Dougherty _

Douglas

.

E a r l y ..

Echols

.

Effingham

-

Elbert .

--

Emanuel

Evans

-

Fannin

Fayette.

---

Floyd._

-

Forsyth

--

Franklin

Fulton ....

Gilmer

--

Glascock ..

... -

Glynn

----

Gordon

----

Grady

-

Greene

--

Gwinnctt

-

Habersham - -

Hall

H a n c o c k ...

Haralson ___

Harris __ .

Hart

Heard

--------------

Hf'nry

-

Houston

Irwin

---

Jackson

-----

Jasper

----

Jeff Davis

---

178,178 58,441 463,002 6,820,951 540,887 575,165 786,549 315,168 585,353 16,156 198,907 530,410 470,676 51,737 418,036 47,297 2,234,036 190,185 215,017 47,018,697 415,540 32,854 1,278,535 1,086,200 291,524 134,361
1,164,024 282,708
1,.130,391 228,981 636,030 741,230 321,170 67,569 527,539 254,438 241,203 483,709 170,465 147,494

288,294 386,024 602,560 553,820
608,626 534,400
332,528 310,499 454,599 365,677 555,899 467,543 876,930 249,765 298.989 325,863 477,996 322,207 441,709 1,011,315 373,224 224,024 370,375 367,148 646,033 418,976 660,472 414,691
549,157 417,448
417,228 546,143 409,786 348,894 469,545 419,960 322,063 437,289 514,158
331,334

294 4,855 185,815
57,606
197,566 26,695
83,275 221,995
100,854 9,372 9,337
-
58,966 28,378
106,800 10,285 38,788 29,271 20,500
209,482 500
4,000 14,966 21,336 39,652
109,795 144,695
25,000 15,776

466,766 449,320 1,251,377 7,374,771 1,149,513 1,167,171 1,316,643 652,362 1,039,952 381,833 754,806 1,081,228 1,569,601 301,502 817,879 382,532
2,721,369 512,392 656,726
48,088,978 817,142 256,878
1,755,710 1,463,633
976,345 582,608 1,844,996 906,881
2.080,048 650,429
1,068,224 1,308, 709
770,608 416,463 1,106,879 819,093
563,266 945,998
700,399 478,828

Construction and
Maintenance
356,850 400,137 907,045 5,657,475 1,063,745 1,043,175 1,046,084 553,224 1,029,200 349,670 699,123 820,700 1,128,885 257,315 802,846 327,210 2,291,623 504,086 418,231 27,840,048 699,562 212,1.18 1,121,127 1,145,968 813,765 584,756 1,732,960 630,378 1,970,193 618,553 957,892 1,276,399 571,537 346,381 975,450 503,416 552,931 902,626 693,441 402,781

EXPENDITURES

Cost of Right-of-Way (All Systems)

Bonds and Total Expenditures

Interest

for County Roads

Retiremcn ts

and Bridges

17,158 697
3,297 70,413 11,517 11,976 63,637
2,295 9,528 8,407 1,260 1,126 63,420
23,135 9,341 3,138
20,771 1,679
16,143 4,706,199
9,431 6,942 6,803 17,906 15,975
866 8,437
5,229 9,943 9,558 11,971 13,240
6,102 4,386 2,855
26,561 13,225 19.273
5,527 5,474

133,200 22,550 293,142 833,624
i:6ji.7
211,040 88,269
- 213,728 316,755 31,068 41,782
42i,62o
79,238 3,860,741
100,698
434,829 352,586 121,827
25,140 182,025 251,500 23,941 123,560
l53,064
132,829 178,169 24,866 23,095
55,530

507,208
423,384 1,203,484 6,561,512 1,075,262 1,182,268 1,320, 761
643,788 1,038,728
358,077 700,383 1,035,554 1,509,060
311,518 853,969 330,348 2,734,014
505,765 513,612 36,406,988 809,691 219,100 1,562, 759 1,516,460 951,567
585,622
1 '766,537 817,632
2,231,636 652,052
1,093,423 1,289,639
730,703 350,767
1,111,134 708,146
591,022 944,994 698,968
463,785

COUNTY RECEIPTS AND EXPENDITURES FOR ROADS AND BRIDGES-Continued
For Thirteen-Year Period 1940-1952

RECEIPTS

COUNTY

County Revenue for Roads

Receipts from

Highway Refunding Total Receipts Certificates and For County Roads

and Bridges

State Treasurer

Forestry Funds

and Bridges

Richmond

.......

Rockdale ..

Schley

Screven __

Seminole

Spalding

Stephens

Stewart

Sumter __ .

Talbot ..

Taliaferro

Tattnall ...

Taylor..

Telfair

TerrelL

Thomas

Tift

Toombs

Towns

Trcutlcn .

..

Troup

T u r n e r ..

..

Twiggs ..

....

Union ..

Upson .

Walker

Walton

Ware

Warren

Washington

Wayne

Webster ...

W h e e l e r ...

White

.........

Whitfield ....

Wilcox

Wilkes.

...

Wilkinson

Worth ....

Total

1,352,411 166,213 48,931 216,191 79,842
1,481,145 524,010 188,807 518,431 67,525 15,189 66,389 27,513 209,431 331,928 927,314 725,480 346,482 18,930 12,884
1,222,117 407,622 95,191 9,161
1,439,686 1,364,040
515,622 421,293
49,514 239,336 269,447
40,862 19,843 112,088
1,000,037 281,617 240,112
133,209 594,328
$126,867,423

459,057 253,009 229,420 695,335 254,820 293,051 265,787 304,642 538,240 436,145 238,746 539,886 453,611 641,531 339,410 765,750 344,202 487,211 242,214
335,727 469,032 357,563
389,769 288,410 333,103 502,907 441,196
600,197 386,789 720,941
478,641 238,930 377,633 259,929 314,667 435,079 375,893 383,940 587,095
$66,740,069

618,033
20,375
188,845 74,095 12,243
157,685
135,765 78,322 88,930 82,232 38,980
315,628
34,905 24,495
6,262
317,841
10,647 78,030
13,306 25,699 134,500
10 108,375
24,502 $8,505,990

2,429,501 419,222 278,351 931,901 334,662
1,963,041 863,892 505,692
1,214,356
503,670 253,935 606,275 481,124 850,962 807,103 1,771,386 1,158,612 915,925 300,124 348,611 2,006,777 765,185 484,960 332,476 1,797,284 1,873,209 956,818 1,339,331 436,303 970,924 826,118 279,792 410,782 397,716 1,449,204 716,706 724,380 517,149 1,205,925
$202,113,482

Construction and
Maintenance
1,529,204 328,569 260,054 829,748 336,142
1,674,046 704,718 453,341
1,072,062 489,207 245,737 503,838 408,379 476,963 675,327
1,389,913 1,012,020
636,217 252,055 236,577 1,670,883 694,683 445,013 269,687 1,652,468 1,432,247 881,958 923,056 383,365 910,528 696,389 257,574 277,631 353,555 1,131,995 597,755 574,775 487,438 848,121
$154,304,511

EXPENDITURES

Cost of Right-of-Way (All Systems)

Bonds and Interest
Retirements

Total Expenditures for County Roads
and Bridges

176,302 19,367 628 300 102 30,820 2,123 18,880 15,040 1,395 75 31,888 1,187 35,950 13,022 4,951 12,318 27,031 2,825 3,925 37,556 5,259 6,775 18,137 5,366 27,162 14,499 38,689 4,684 16,515 21,684 17,164 17,347 129 1,250 7,759 9,341 8,479 67,501
$7,384,572

466,533 64,503
2,300 297,517 159,408
25 231,982
12,099
155,689 139,030 484,122 129,714 270,137
6,740
387,338
49,350 126,931 175,706
509,529
152,957
56,483 341,892 139,640 184,865
261,770 $22,912,452

2,172,039 412,439
260,682 830,048 338,544 2,002,383 866,249 472,246 1,319,084 502,701 245,812 535,726 409,566 668,602 827,379 1,878,986 1,154,052 933,385 261,620 240,502 2,095,777 699,942 451,788 337,174 1,784,765 1,635,115
896,457 1,471,274
388,049 927,043 871,030 274,738 294,978 410,167 1,475,137 745,154 768,981 495,917 1,177,392
$184,601,535

Roadside Park at T win Lakes, on U. S . 41, between Valdosta and Lake Park.

Another view of Roadside Park at T win Lakes, on U.S. 41, between Valdosta and Lake Park.

166 Twenty-Fifth Report, State Highway Depar-tment of Gemgia

COST OF CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS AND BRIDGES
From the Organization of the Highway Department to June 30, 1954

Year

Amount

Prior to 1920______ - ---$ 1,895,004.87

1920 -- -- - - ---

9,842,569.79

1921 -------------

8,989,749.69

1922 - -

4, 709,324.42

1923 ___ --

3,537,899.61

1924 ___ ---------------

2,748,354.81

1925_ -

-------------- 6,161,563.68

1926_

------------

6,599,520.43

1927 - ---- - ----------- 12,705,857.46

1928 __ ---- ------------

9,870,372.50

1929_ - - ---

9,369,582.19

19301 __ --

5,023,129.12

1 9 3 L ____

13,999,096.99

1932 __ -

16,679,659.18

1933 ___

11,369,631.60

1934_

------------- 8,873,322.36

1935 - -----

11,380,060.33

1936 ___ -- -------------- - ---- 10,535,842.21

1937_ -----------

13,320,556.26

1938 ------------ ------------- 20,343,037.80

1939

------------------ 15,313,972.60

1940 --- - ---

15,125,550.07

1941 ------------- ------------- 25,843,834.03

1942 ------------

17,431,836.23

1943 -- -- - -------------

12,156,409.41

1944 --- --------------

7,904,986.85

1945_ ---------------

4,446,878.72

1946

------------- 6,053,516.25

1947

18,778,646.48

1948 ___ --- ----- ------------ 19,176,439.40

1949

------------------ 32,264,461.83

1950- ----------- ------ 33,575,252.34

195L _______ -------------

32,197,784.93

1952 --- ----- ------------- 37,063,679.58

1953-

50,745,704.23

1954 --------------------

45,487' 792.56

Cumulative Total
$ 1,895,004.87 11,737,574.66 20,727,324.35 25,436,648.77 28,97 4,548.38 31,722,903.19 37,884,466.87 44,483,987.30 57,189,844.76 67,060,217.26 76,429,799.45 81,452,928.57 95,452,025.56
112,131,684.74 123,501,316.34 132,37 4,638. 70 143,754,699.03 154,290,541.24 167,611,097.50 187,954,135.30 203,268,107.90 218,393,657.97 244,237,492.00 261,669,328.23 273,825,737.64 281,730,724.49 286,177,603.21 292,231,119.46 311,009,765.94 330,186,205.34 362,450,667.17 396,025,919:51 428,223,704.44 465,287,384.02 516,033,088.25 561,520,880.81

The amounts shown represent total cost of construction, including cash
expenditures by the State Highway Department, Federal-aid funds, and noncash participation of Work Projects Administration, Counties, Cities, Railroads, etc.

1The amount for 1930 represents expenditures for one-half year. The Highway Department accounting was changed from calendar year to fiscal year basis on July 1, 1930.

Twenty-Fifth Report, State Highway Department of Georgia 167
Division of Finance and Audits
BENTON ODOM, Treasurer
The Treasurer of the State Highway Department is the administrative head of the Division of Finance and Audits. It is his duty and responsibility to receive, protect, and disburse all funds coming into the Highway Department.
The Division of Finance and Audits maintains an adequate system of financial records and an internal audit system. It prepares, quarterly, a comprehensive budget under which the Treasurer approves all funds for the purchase of equipment, materials, supplies and services before such purchases are authorized by the State Highway Board. This division prepares all financial reports, including a monthly balance sheet with supporting data which reflects the current financial condition of the Highway Department and the available resources to the end of the current fiscal year.
The accompanying statements reflect the financial condition of the Highway Department for the fiscal years ending June 30, 1953, and June 30, 1954.
The balance sheet, reflecting assets, liabilities, and capital investments, is identified as Exhibit "A."
Exhibit "B" reflects the revenue from all sources accruing to the Department and the amounts appropriated to each of the various activities for the years 1953 and 1954.
The actual receipts and expenditures for the periods are presented in Exhibit "C."
A comparison of the receipts and expenditures for the past ten-year period is found in Exhibit "E."
The Treasurer's records are subjected to a thorough annual examination by the State Auditor, who has found the financial activities fully recorded and the accounting procedure to be sound and adequate.

168 Twenty-Fifth Report, State Highway Department of GeoTgia

EXHIBIT "A"
STATEMENT oF AssETS AND LIABILITIES
A condensed summary from Exhibit "A" is as follows:

Description

June 30, 1953

ASSETS:
Current Assets Deferred Assets

----------------

------------------- $2 3,055,138.81 7, 788,334.41

Total Assets _ ------------
LIABILITIES: Current Liabilities ------------- --- -----------------Fund Balances ________ ,_ _______ - ------------------

$30,843,4 73.22 $ 2,272,095.10
28,571,378.12

Total Liabilities --- ---------

$30,843,4 73.22

June 30, 1954
$23,975,518.54 6,123,234. 72
$30,098,753.26
$ 2,153,102.07 27,945,651.19
$30,098,753.26

CAPITAL INVESTMENT AccouNTs

Description

June 30, 1953

CAPITAL INVESTMENTS: Land, Buildings and Equipment ________ _ $ 4,995,904.56 Roads and Bridges, Construction Cost _ 516,033,088.25

Total Capital Investments _____ _ $521,028,992.81

CAPITAL LIABILITIES: Highway Refunding Certificate ____ _

$100.00

CAPITAL SURPLUS:

Surplus Invested in Plant and

Equipment ____________________________________ _ $ 4,995,904.56

Surplus Invested in Highways ___ _

516,032,988.25

Total Capital Liabilities and Surplus $521,028,992.81

June 30, 1954
$ 4,806,152.85 561,520,880.81
$566,327,033.66
$100.00
$ 4,806,152.85 561,520,780.81 $566,327,033.66

The value of equipment is adjusted annually by an approved rate of depreciation.

Roads and Bridges, Construction Cost reflects the total construction expenditures from the beginning of the Highway Department to date. The account was increased as follows:

During the fiscal year ending June 30, 1953

------------------$50,745,704.23

During the fiscal year ending June 30, 1954_____

_____ 45,487,792.56

Twenty-Fifth Report, State Highway Department of Georgia 169

EXHIBIT "B"
REcONCILIATION OF FuND SuRPLus
This exhibit reflects funds accruing to the Department from all sources and also reflects the functions to which those funds were appropriated. Any excess of available funds over final appropriations is the result of variations in the final cost from the estimated cost. The disposition of such excess is determined by the State Budget Bureau.
A condensed statement of revenues and appropriations follows:

Description

June 30, 1953

June 30, 1954

FUND REVENUES:

Fund Surplus at Beginning of Year

$ 7,318,833.81

State Treasury (exclusive of contingent
revenue not realized) Other State Agencies _______________ _

39,483,195.53 336,491.28

U. S. Corps of Engineers Counties __________________________________ _

88,212.80 7,439.96

Cities, Railroads and Others _ Miscellaneous Income _____________ _
Unpaid Checks Cancelled _ _ _______________ _

7,273.96 20,864.54
1,770.29

$10,544,138.56
38,312,003.42 350,913.71 261,000.00 1,223.24 363,265.82 15,915.39 1,832.91

Total from Local Sources
Federal Cash Participation _ Non-Cash Participation: Railroads,
Cities and Counties

$47,264,082.17 $49,850,293.05 10,516,166.42 13,163,455.57

90,387.58

9,296.97

Total Fund Revenue _
FUND APPROPRIATIONS:
Construction _ Surveys _ Maintenance Administration _ _____ _ Highway Planning Survey _ Equipment Purchases ____ _ Compensation Claims ___ _ _ _________ _ Unexpended Appropriation Balances _ Reserves (exclusive of contingent
revenue not realized-contra)

$57,8 70,636.17 $63,02 3,045.59

$43,836,199.33 1,320,133.71 7,657,463.16 929,779.44 407,849.36 1,863,510.77 72,889.19 994,369.38

$46,772,179.54 1,823,888.86 9,114,218.89 1,081,930.63 475,272.68 947,936.94 79,753.59 1,382,382.61

845,199.50 1,412,066.92

Total Allotment and Reserves _ Deduct Deferred Charges _

$57,92 7,393.84 $63,089,630.66

56,757.67

66,585.07

Total Net Allotment3 and Reserves _ $57,870,636.17 $63,02 3,045.59

. . ,.
Dames Ferry, adross Ocmuluee River, on Stat e R oute 18, between Gray and Forsyth. This one of the few ferries still m operation on the Stat e H ighway System.

Twenty-Fifth Report, State Highway Department of Georgia 171

EXHIBIT "C"
RECEIPTS AND ExPENDITURES
A condensed summary of the Revenue Receipts and Expenditures, with the relative percentages for the periods covered by this report, is as follows:

Description

Year Ended June 30, 1953

Percentage

Amount

Year Ended June 30, 1954

Percentage

Amount

REVENUE RECEIPTS:
State Treasury Other State Agencies U. S. Corps of Engineers . Counties ------------Cities, Railroads
and Others . Miscellaneous Income . Unpaid Checks
Cancelled
Total from Local Sources .

77.61 0.59 0.16 0.01

$43,610,597.37 336,491.28 88,212.80 7,439.96

77.70 0.59 0.44 0.01

$46,100,337.83 350,913.71 261,000.00 1,223.24

0.01

7,273.96 0.61

363,265.82

0.04

20,864.54 0.02

15,915.39

0.01
---

1,770.29 0.01
---

1,832.91

78.43 $44,072,650.20 79.38 $47,094,488.90

Federal Government . Non-Cash Participation: Railroads, Cities and
Counties ---------------------
Total Receipts -------

21.47
0.10
---
100%

12,065,907.51 20.56
53,862.60 0.06 ---
$56,192,420.31 100%

12,197,860.53
36,550.59 $59,328,900.02

EXPENDITURES:
Construction . Surveys --------------- -------- -----Maintenance --------- -----Administration Highway Planning
Survey . Equipment Purchases -----Compensation Claims
Total Expenditures ...

80.57 2.45
11.70 1.44
0.72 3.01 0.11
---
100%

$50,745,704.23 1,542, 751.1 7 7,367,124.52 907,636.57

77.80 3.15 14.74 1.68

452,795.83 1,896,155.98
72,889.19
$62,985,057.49

0.84 1.65 0.14
---
100%

$45,487,792.56 1,839,674.36 8,618,338.80 985,496.02
493,328.14 964,743.29
79,753.59
$58,469,126.76

172 Twenty-Fifth Report, State Highway Department of Georgia

FUND BALANCE SHEET
Reflecting the Fund Position as of June 30, 1953
Exhibit "A"

CURRENT ASSETS:

Cash in Banks-

State Funds Contractors'

Trust. F-;~~-d. (Contra)

ASSETS
$ 20,808,346.05 12,500.00 $ 20,820,846.05

Total Current Assets

$ 2,234,292. 76 14,256.19 500.00
-----

2,249,048.95 $ 23,069,895.00

DEFERRED CHARGES: Nlaterials and Supplies in Stock Undistributed Charges and Credits Undistributed Sign Shop
Total Proprietary Assets Less: Reserve for Doubtful Assets, Advances, and 1faterials and Supplies in Stock

$ 334,559.97 82,750.97 56,757.67
------

474.068.61 $ 23,543,963.61
488,824.80

Net Proprietary Assets

$ 23,c155,138.81

FU:"D ASSETS: Contingent Revenue from State Treasury

7,788,334.41

FIXED ASSETS: (Schedule No. 6)
Buildings and Lands Road Equipment Other Equipment
Roads and Bridges-(Exhibit "D") Construction Cost to Date on Construction in Progress Construction Cost to Date on Completed Construction
Total Capital Investment

$ 966,768.04 3,609,659.65 419,476.87
-----
$ 96,239,372.84 419,793,715.41
------

$ 4,995,904.56 516,033,088.25

$521,028,992.81

Total

$551,872,466.03

Twenty-Fifth Report, State Highway Department of Georgia 173

FUND BALANCE SHEET
Reflecting the Fund Position as of June 30, 1953
Exhibit "A" Continued

LIABILITIES

CURRE:"'T LIABILITIES:
Accounts Payable Contractors' Trust Fund (Contra)

Cr, $

49,56 12,500.00 $

12,450.44

PURCHASE ORDERS OUTSTANDING

2,259,644,66

ALLOTMENTS TO COMPLETE CO!\STRUCTION: (Schedule No, 8)
Regular State Fund Contracts Less: Non-Cash Participation
State Force Construction Post Road Contracts Less: Non-Cash Participation

$ 4,521,238,37 17,000,00 $ 4,504,238.37

$ 3,481,107,63 12,195,30

1,436,805,83 3,468,912,33

State and Federal Fund Contracts (Gross)
Less: Federal Cash Participation $12,552,662,94
:'\on-Cash Participation 60,213,68
UNRECORDED COMMITMENTS:
Regular State Fund Contracts Post Road Contracts State and Federal Fund Contracts (Gross) Less: Federal Cash Participation

$ 21,265,136,15 12,612,876.62
$ 1,354,708.78 648,769,56

8,652,259,53 ------
$ 77,377,73 132,918.32 705,939.22

18,062,216,06 916,235,27

ALLOTME!\T BALANCES: (Schedule No, 8)
Special Maintenance-Under Special 1\tlaintenancc Refunding Certificate Federal-Aid Surveys Urban Highway Surveys Highway Planning Survey

$

1,416,63

437,908,13

100,00

49,923,54

42,500,00

185,663,09 $ 717,511.39

Less: Fcderal Cash Participation

263,663,09

453,848,30

APPROPRIATION BALANCES: (Schedule No, 12)
For Matching Federal All Construction All Maintenance All Administration Compensation Claims Highway Planning Survey

$ 285,714,31 334,243,34 246,166,35 108,906.01 3,207,39 16,131.98

994,369,38

RESERVES:
Machinery Replacement Account Unpaid Checks Cancelled Emergency Fund Laboratory Building Contingent Revenue

$

5,922.32

11,935,34

44,044,31

294,472,73

7,788:334,41

8,144,709,11

CAPITAL LIABILITIES AND SURPLUS:

Refunding Certificate due in 1940 . ....... ....

$

100,00

Surplus Invested in Plant and Equipment __ $ 4,995,904,56

Surplus Invested in Highways

516,032,988,25 521,028,892.81

521,028,992,81

Total

$551,872,466,03

174 Twenty-Fifth Report, State Highway Department of Georgia

RECONCILIATION OF FUND SURPLUS
July 1, 1952, to June 30, 1953
Exhibit "B"

Surplus Reserves at July 1, 1952

FUND APPROPRIATION: General Operations Maintenance For Matching Federal Aid

FUND REVENUE
$26,302,529.94 10,000,000.00 10,969,000.00

OTHER INCOME:

Baldwin County

$

463.13

Carroll County

371.23

Columbia County

1,257.12

Gwinnett County

2, 798.13

Monroe County

384.39

Stephens County

3,376.69

Worth County

457.99

City of Atlanta

1,600.00

State Department of Agriculture

292,723.99

Department of State Parks

43,767.29

U. S. Corps of Engineers (Clark Hill Dam

Area, Relocation of Roads)

88,212.80

State Road Department of Florida

3,143.96

Savannah & Atlanta Railway Company

2,530.00

Unpaid Checks Cancelled

1,770.29

Miscellaneous Income

20,864.54

FEDERAL CASH PARTICIPATION: Federal Aid-Regular Federa1 Aid-Secondary Federal Aid-Grade Crossing Urban Highways
Works Program
Access Roads Flight Strips
Access Road Surveys Highway Planning Survey

$ 5,963,395. 74

2,530,949. 79

Cr.

4,309.88

188,900.01

Cr.

4,446.71

1,713,338.00

3,355.53

40,000.00

171,695.00

N0:"-1-CASH PARTICIPATION-RAILROADS:

Atlantic Coast Line Railroad Company

$

Central of Georgia Railway Company

Georgia Railroad

........Cr.

Georgia Northern Railway Company ......... .

Georgia, Southern & Florida Railway Co.

Savannah & Atlanta Railway Company

Seaboard Air Line Railroad Company

Southern Railway Company

6,393.67 2,969.33
80.19 1,866.00
915.04 2,529.00 1,912.41 1,562.42

NON-CASH PARTICIPATION-CITIES AND

COUNTIES:

City of Atlanta

$ 17,000.00

City of Donalsonville

8,635.00

City of Rossville

39,245.00

Colquitt County

3,879.60

Liberty County

3,560.30

Total Fund Revenue and Participation

Available for Appropriation and Reserves

$47,271,529.94
462,052.83 10,516,166.42
18,067.68 72,319.90

$ 7,318,833.81
58,340,136.77 $65,658,970.58

Twenty-Fifth Report, State Highway Department of Georgia 175

RECONCILIATION OF FUND SURPLUS
July 1, 1952, to June 30, 1953
Exhibit ''B" Continued

FUND APPROPRIATIONS

$ 9,237,771.27 7,734,957.87 12,527,838.16 5,521,215.54 34,999.87 498,823.21 1,734,104.84 4.609.36 916,235.27

Total Contract Appropriations Construction bv Convict Forces
Construction by State Forces
Reconstruction by State Forces

$38,201,336.67 872.563.78
1,677:276.49 3,085,022.39

Total Construction Appropriation~

SURVEYS: Regular Post Roads Urban Highways Access Roads Georgia Turnpike

$ 1,060,717.04 417,434.97
6,652.30
35.952.45 115.413.55

MAINTE:\ANCE: Regular Undistributed Under Con tract
Special
Center Line Sign Shop Douglas Shop

$ 5,815, 783.90 245,264.99 24,065.30
l,ll45,648.74 517,127.93 54.840.50 2,862.40

Deduct: Balance of Sign Shop Expenditures Carried Fonvard as Deferred Charges

$ 7,657,463.16 56,757.67

ADMIKISTRA TION: G('ncral Administration Research and Analysis

$ 908.654.62 21,124.82

MISCELLA.:-IEOUS: Equipment Purchases Compensation Claims Highway Planning Survey

$ 1,863,510.77 72,889.19
407,849.36

UNEXPENDED APPROPRIATIOK BALAKCES:

For Matching Federal Aid

$

All Construction

All Maintenance .

All Administration

Compensation Claims

Highway Planning Survey

285,714.31 334.243.34 246,166.35 108,9C6.01
3.207.39 16.131.98

RESERVES: Doubtful Assets ........ Machinery Replacement Account Unpaid Checks Cancelled Emergency Fund Laboratory Building Contingent Revenue

$ 488,824.80 5,922.32 11,935.34
44,044.31 294,472.73 7,788,334.41

Total Allotments and Reserves

$43,836,199.33 L320, 133.71
7,600, 705.49 929.779.44
2,344,249.32 994.369.38
8,633,533.91

$65.658,970.58

176 Twenty-Fifth Report, State Highway Department of Georgia

REVENUE RECEIPTS AND EXPENDITURES
July 1, 1952, to June 30, 1953
Exhibit ''C"

CASH:

REVENUE RECEIPTS

State Treasury

Baldwin County

Carroll County

Columbia County

Gwinnett County

Monroe County

Stephens County

Worth County

City of Atlanta

State Department of Agriculture

Department of State Parks ------

...

U. S. Corps of Engineers (Clark Hill Dam

Area, Relocation of Roads) .......

State Road Department of Florida

Savannah & Atlanta Railway Company

Unpaid Checks Cancelled

Miscellaneous Income

$43,610,597.37 463.13 371.23
1,257.12 2,798.13
384.39 3,376.69
457.99 1,600.00 292.723.99 43,767.29
88.212.80 3,143.96 2,530.00 1,770.29 20,864.54

FEDERAL GOVERNMENT:
Federal Aid-Regular Federal Aid-Secondary Urban Highways ....... . Works Program Access Roads ____________________ _
Urban Highway Surveys ... Highway Planning Survey

$ 5,104,309.50 4,344,328.74 1.424,927.12 58,083.00 862.493.00 56,000.00 215,766.15

NON-CASH PARTICIPATION-RAILROADS:

Atlantic Coast Line Railroad Company

$

Central of Georgia Railway Company

Georgia Railroad _____ ________ ,. ... ________________ .

Georgia, Southern & Florida Railway Co. Seaboard Air Line Railroad Company Southern Railroad Company

NON-CASH PARTICIPATIONCITIES AND COUNTIES:

City of Rossville

$

Colquitt County

Total Revenue Receipts and Participation

1.454.67 959.33 879.81
3,055.04 952.41
3,436.74
39,245.00 3.879.60

$44,072,650.20
12,065,907.51 10,738.00 43,124.60 $56.192.420.31

Twenty-Fifth Report, State Highway Department of Georgia 177

REVENUE RECEIPTS AND EXPENDITURES July 1, 1952, to June 30, 1953
Exhibit "C'' Continued

EXPENDITURES

CONSTRUCTION:

State-Aid Contracts

$11,616,491.60

Post Road Contracts .................

9,018,475.31

Federal-Aid Contracts-Regular .. .

10,695,629.01

Federal-Aid Contracts-Secondary

8,816,204.33

Federal-Aid Contracts-Grade Crossing

236,194.33

Urban Highway Contracts

3,678,326.95

Access Road Contracts

940.226.59

Total Contract Expenditures .. Construction by Convict Forces Construction by State Forces Reconstruction by State Forces

$45,001,548.12 730,880.37
2,211,426.27 2,801,849.47

Total Construction

$50,745,704.23

SURVEYS: Regular Post Roads Federal-Aid Urban Highways
Access Roads Georgia Turnpike

$ 1,048,824.37 416,934.97 46.47 49,347.70 4,080.15 23,517.51

Total Surveys

1,542,751.17

MAINTENANCE:
Regular Undistributed
Under Contract Special
Center Line Sign Shop Douglas Shop

$ 5,783,455.13 249,620.31 10,446.06 766,906.73 553,664.16 56,757.67 3,032.13

Deduct: Balance of Expenditures Sign Shop undistributed at June 30, 1953, but carried forward as Deferred Charges
Total Maintenance

$7,423,882.19
56,757.67
---

7,367,124.52

ADMINISTRATION: General Administration
Research and Analysis

$ 877, 138.79 30,497.78

Total Administration

907,636.57

MISCELLANEOUS: Equipment Purchases
Compensation Claims Highway Planning Survey

$ 1,896,155.98 72,889.19
452,795.83

Total M~scellaneous

2,421,841.00

Total Expenditures

Total Receipts Total Expenditures

RESUME

Excess Expenditures over Receipts . Proprietary Surplus at July 1, 1952

Proprietary Surplus at June 30, 1953

$62,985,057.49
$56,192,420.31 62,985,057.49 $ 6,792,637.18 30,324,150.35 $23.531.513.1i

SUMMARY OF CONSTRUCTION

June 30, 1953

DESCRIPTION
Op('ll Projects ... Closed Projects
Totals

Total Allotments

EXPENDITURES

Net Encumbrances

Payments

Total Charges

Cost to Complete

State Funds

FUND PARTICIPATION

Federal Funds

County, W.P.A. and Other Non-Cash
Funds

Other Cash Funds

Exhibit "D" Totals

$128,322,492.39 $1,378,831.57

419,793,715.41 -----

I

..

$ 96,239,372,84 $ 97,618,204.41 419,793,715.41 419,793,715.41
-------

$30,704,287.98
..............

$ 83,632,166.74 242,501,093.37

$ 41,381,536.56 129,828,177.47

$548,116.207.80 $1,378,831.57 $516,033,088.25 $517,411,919.82 $30,704,287.98

$ 85,848.68 $3,222.940.41 $128,322,49239 46,457,242.65 1,007,201.92 419,793,715.41 ------ -----

Total Allotment

Distribution ____________

......

Deduct: Construction

Funds Received _______

..

Total Construction

Funds Due:

State Funds

.....

Federal Funds ..
Non-Cash Participation ....
Other Cash Participation ....

.......

Total Funds Due -

. ... .....

$326,133,260.11 $171,209,714.03 $46,543,091.33 ....... 308,071,044.05 161,876,431.20 46,457,242.65

$4,230,142.33 $548,116,207.80 1.007,201.92 517,411,919.82

....

.

..

....

$ 18,062,216.06 $ 9,333,282.83
. ..

....

.

....

I

$ 85,848.68

..

....

...

$3.222.940.41

---

. ,

$ 30,704.287.98

COMPARATIVE STATEMENT OF REVENUE RECEIPTS AND EXPENDITURES For Ten-Year Period Ending June 30, 1953
REVE:'-ICE RECEIPTS

1944

1945

1946

1947

1948

1949

1950

1951

1952

Exhibit "E'' 1953

Appropriations
U. s. Government, Cash
Counties and Other Cash __ Railroads, Cities and Others Miscellaneous Income Work Projects Administration Counties, ~on-Cash Cities, Non-Cash
Total Revenue Receipts

.... $12,804,562.55 $11,971,296.93 $22,139,235.95 $20,256,526.48 $30,815,730.91 $27,482,524.12 $30,348,501.90 $33,040,205.92 $46,310,049.69 $43,610,597.3:

4,428,027.16 2,226,818.94 2, 705,588.54 6,642,819.41 7,388,176.55 9, 714,989.56 12,.103,064.55 10,660,808..15 9, 793,231.55 12,065,907.51

12,037,48

8,961.71 27,936.22

........ ------------------ I 39,338.20

766,739.94 12,697.43

141,279.52 46,410.86

547,703.41 1,683,170.57

1,267.57

8,294.80

352,613.71 10,738.0(

263,330.63 552,746.45

32,401.99

58,071.05

19,270.68

903,838.38

724,807.05 2,563,069.42

286,256.60

109,439.1~

I ,033,917.04 188,132.74

42,020.79

.....

..

......

.

352,072.96

55,200.16

29,310.40

204.86

....

I ..

... .

....

3,879.6(

I .... ......

12,291.24 I .....................

.....

.

.

..

........

. . . . . . . . ....

. ............

39,245.0(

... $18,893,947.821$15,043,384.39 $24,948,557.67 $26,996,960.00 $38,223,178.14 $38,880,789.43 $43,564,063.88 $46,813.054.67 $58,081,003.21 $56,192,420.31

EXPENDITURES

Administration

C o n s t r u c t i o n ...

Surveys ..

Maintenance ___

Compensation Claims

Highwa Lands,

yBuPilldainnngisngandSuErqvueyip~ent

Redemption of Debt

Legislative and Other Transfers

Total Expendituns

$ 377,586.96 $ 432,451.24 $ 516,022.41 $ 706,239.81 $ 698,829.16 $ 816,177.76 $ 785,765.00 $ 790.132.83 $ 830,847.74 $ 907,636.5i

... 7,904,986.85 4,446,878. 72 6,053,516.25 18,778,646.48 19,176,439.40 32,264,461.83 33,575,252.34 32,197,784.93 37,063,679.58 50,745,704.23

109,364.33 297,883.76 645,285.44 668,273.61 998,187.21 I ,466,158. 71 1,362.384.23 1,294,010.33 1,3o4,820.3o 1,542,75l.li

... 3,188,841.06 5,152,912.87 7,129,115.05 5,716,352.14 5,781,051.92 6,045,092.38 5, 789,388.29 6,454,547.05 7,581,056.94 7,367' 124.52

..

45,453.70

24,337.27

20,447.50

25,166.77

22,085.03

44,829.63

54,155.90

46,529.10

72,889.19

67,058.02

68,931.26 181,368.17 246,679.65 269,402.88 280,442.67 325,495.18 387,641.41 411,198.47 452,795.83

...

36,895.07 155,722.48 514,795.59 512,199.27 1,229,472.05 1,264,935.84 337,559.68 1,665,255.88 I ,877,226.57 1,896,155.9B

2,666, 790.93 2,665,291.01 2,651,500.00 2,650,000.00 2,650,000.001

....

.......

I

.............

....

41,770.51

4,447.46

. ... ... .................

I

~-----

--~--

..... $14,351,523.22 $13.265,525.04 $17.757,710.69 $29,298,838.46 $30.832,996.85 $42.159,354.22 $42,220,674.35 $42.843,528.33 $49,165,358.70 $62,985.057.49

Excess Expenditurt's over Receipts ______ $

$

$

$ 2.301,878.46 $

$ 3,278,564.79 $

$

$

$ 6,792,637.18

Exct'ss Receipts over Expenditures

4,542,424.60 l,i77,859.35 7,1911,846.98

.. 7,390,181.29

1,343,389.53 3,969,526.34 8,915,644.,51

Add: Cash, Inventories and Deferred

Charges at Beginning of Period

4,359,543.07 8,674,302.64 8,002,469.42 14,743,403.711 12,174,879.56 18,728,313.78 15,515,578.39 16,957,944.81 21.408,432.54 30,324,150.35

Balance: Cash, Inventories and Deferred Charges at End of Period __
Deduct: Fund Balances, Contracts, Reserves and Outstanding Purchase Orders at End of P<'riod

---~-
$ 8,9111,967.67 $10,452,161.99 $15.193,316.40 $12,441,525.24 $19,565,1160.85 $15.449,748.99 $16,858,967.92 $20,927.471.15 $30.324,1177.115 $23.:>31 ,:il3.17
'
8,700,522.26 10,219,401.90 15,193,316.40 12,441.525.24 19,565,060.851 15.449.748.99 16,8:,8,967.92 20,927,471.151 311,324,()77,11;; 23,531,513.17

Fund Surplus at End of Ptriod

$ 201,445.41 $ 232,760.09

-

,.....
00 0

INVENTORY OF LANDS, BUILDINGS AND EQUIPMENT

June 30, 1953

Schedule No. 6

DESCRIPTION
Land~
Buildings Passenger Equipment Trucks Tractors Power Graders Graders Other Road Equipment Airplane ____________________ Office Equipment Engineering Equipment Laboratory Equipment__ Shop Equipment
Totals

AVa}~~al
June 30, 1952

Additions Fiscal Year
1952-1953

Totals

Depreciation Fiscal Year
1952-53

Equipment Junked

Appraisal
Value June 30,
1953

$206,868.42 $ 60,932.54 $ 267,800.96 $

- $

677,106.40

21,860.68 698,967.08

169.00

169.00

42.00

998,494.82 . 496,011.25 I ,494,506.07 373,000.00

384,570.94 102,944.72 487,515.66 122,000.00

550,810.46 378,737.10 929,547.56 232,000.00

.

148,047.69

50,301.44 198,349.13

49,000.00

1,029,625.11 678,403.64 I, 708,028.75 427,000.00

15,145.43

15,145.43

3,750.00

....

172,281.41

39,836.34 212,117.75

21,211.00

....

123,247.21

27,227.90 150,475.11

15,047.00

..

15,707.14

8,055.06

23,762.20

2,376.00

63,027.93

16,699.88

79,727.81

7,972.00

--
8,649.95 2,525.00 2,575.00 1,325.00 I, 735.00
.... ..... ......
..

$ 267,800.96 698,967.08 127.00
I, 112,856.12 362,990.66 694,972.56 148,024.13
I ,279,293. 75 11,395.43 190,906.75 135,428.11
21,386.20 71,755.81

$4,369,956.53 $1,896,155.98 $6,266,112.51 $1 ,2.13,398.00 $16,809.95 $4,995,904.56

SUMMARY OF UNENCUMBERED ALLOTMENTS

(Also Reflecting Reconciliation with Expenditures Since July 1, 1952)

June 30, 1953

==================~==================-~=-==---==============~====~= Sch=ed~ule~N~o.~8

FUNDS AVAILABLE

CHARGES

ANALYSIS OF

Available

BALANCES

DESCR.IPTION OF FUNDS

Balances June 30, 1952

Net Allotments

Totals

E n c u mNbert a n c e s

I

E

x

p

e

n

d' I

tures

Totals

Balances

June 30, 1953

Other

Participation

State Funds

CONSTRUCTION:
Regular State Funds Post Roads Federal Aid-Regular.. Federal Aid-Secondary... Federal Aid-Grade Crossing . Urban Highways
Access Roads Flight Strips

$ 6,362,482.87 4,765,236.12 9,884,645.51 8,376,079.57 244,911.75 6,811,939.26
4,609:36

$ 9,237,771.27 $15,600,254.14 $

7,734,957.87 12,500,193.99

12,527,838.16 22,412,483.67

5,521,215.54 13,897,295.11

34,999.87

279,911.62

498,823.21 7,310,762.47 Cr.

1,734,104.84 1,734,104.84

Cr. 4,609.36 .

987.59 $11,616,491.60 $11,617,479.19 $ 3,982, 774.95 $ 17,000.00 $ 3,965, 774.95

611.05 9,018,475.31 9,019,086.36 3,481,107.63

12,195.30 3,468.912.33

1,527.27 10,695,629.01 10,697,156.28 11,715,327.39 6,668,543.17 5,046, 784.22

1,499.80 8,816,204.33 8,817, 704.13 5,079,590.98 3,202,649.17 1,876,941.81

236,194.33 236,194.33

43,717.29 126,458.21 Cr. 82,740.92

il4s:og 3,678,326.95 3,677,478.86 3,633,283.61 1, 763,274.07 1,870.009.54

661.37 940,226.59 940,887.96 793,216.88 851,952.00 Cr. 58,735.12

Total Contracts Construction by Convict Forces
Construction by State Forces Rt>construction by State Forces

$36,449,904.44 396,793.15 929,916.91 886,711.96

$37,285,101.40 $73,735,005.84 872,563.78 1,269,356.93
1,677,276.49 2,607,193.40 Cr. 3,085,022.39 3,971, 734.35

$42,919,964.06 $81,583,290.52

Totals

49,970.01 98,500.00 40,000.00 138,842.90
______________ ,_ ____
100.00 229,734.24 $39,539,726.68

1,060, 717.04 1,060,717.04

11,892.67 1,048,824.37 1,060,717.04 ..

417,434.97

417,434.97

500.00 416,934.97 417,434.97.

Cr. 6);52:3ii

49,970.01 91,847.70

46.47 49,347.70

46.47 49,347.70

Cr. 35,952.45

4,047.55 Cr.

32.60

4,080.15

4,047,55 ----

Cr. 115,413.55

23,429.35 Cr.

88.16

23,517.51

23,429.35 .

5,815, 783.90 5,815, 783.90

32,328. 7i 5,733,455.13 5,815, 783.90

245,264.99

245,264.99 Cr. 4,355.32 249,620.31 245,264.99 .

Cr. 24,065.30 1,045,648. 74

11,862.69 1,328,973.82

'''''''i24,158:96

10,446.06 766,906.73

10,446.06 891,065.69

517,127.93

517,127.93 Cr. 36,536.23 553,664.16 517,127.93

Cr. 1,917.17 Cr. 1,917.17 Cr. 1,917.17

Cr. 1,917.17 ,..

2,862.40

2,862.40 Cr. 169.73

3,032.13

2,862.40

908,654.62

908,654.62

31,515.83 877,138.79 908,654.62

21,124.82

21,124.82 Cr. 9,372,96

30,497.78

21,124.82

1,863,510. 77 1,863,510.77 Cr. 32,645.21 1,896,155.98 1,863,510. 77 ,..

72,889.19

72,889.19

72,889.19

72,889.19 .

467,849:36

100.00 637,583.60 Cr.

875.32

452;795.83

451,920.51

---

-

$55,114,832.02 $94,654,558.70 $247,701.84 $62,985,057.49 $63,232,759.33 $31,421,799.37 $12,905,735.01 $18,516,064.3G

*The Sign Shop Allotment and Expenditures include $47,615.86 brought forward at the beginning of the period as undistributed charges and t"xclude $56,757.6/ which represents undistributed charges at June 30, 1953.

182 Twenty-Fifth Report, State Highway Department of Georgia

DETAIL OF EQUIPMENT ALLOTMENTS
July 1, 1952, to June 30, 1953
Schedule :\o.8-C

ACCOUKTS

Allotments for

~et

Year 1952-1953 Encumbrances

Expenditures

Total Charges

Highway Planning Survey ..... Administration Construction 1faintenance
Totals

$ 5,64L97 Cr.$ 31L25 43,415.14 Cr. 3,628.42 151,650.08 Cr. 13,415.89
1,662,803.58 Cr. 15.289.65
$1.863,510.77 Cr. $32,645.21

$ 5,953.22 47,043.56 165,065.97
L678,093.23

$ 5,64L97 43,415.14 151,650.08
1,662,803.58

$1,896,155.98 $1,863,510.77

ANALYSIS OF EQUIPMENT PURCHASES
July 1, 1952, to June 30, 1953
Schedule Ko. IO..D

TYPE OF EQUIPMENT
Lands Buildings. T r u c k s ... Tractors Power Graders Graders .. Other Road Equipment .. Airplane .. Office Equipment... Engineering Equipment Laboratory Equipment Shop Equipment
Total

Cost
$ 60,932.54 21,860.68
496,01L25 102,944.72 378,737.10 50,30L44 678,403.64
15,145.43 39,836.34 27,227.90 8,055.06 16,699.88
$1,896,155.98

Twenty-Fifth Report, State Highway Department of Georgia 183

ESTIMATED PARTICIPATION
June 30, 1953

Schedule No. 9

Description of Funds
FEDERAL CASH PARTICIPATION: Federal Aid-Regular Fcderal Aid-Secondary ....... . Federal Aid-Grade Crossing l:rban Highways Works Program Access Roads Flight Strips Federal-Aid Surveys Urban Highway Surveys Access Road Surveys Highway Planning Survey
Totals
NOX-CASH PARTICIPATIO:N': Atlantic Coast Line RR Co. Central of Georgia Ry. Co. Georgia Railroad Georgia Northern Ry. Co. Georgia, Southern & Fla. Ry. Co. Louisville & Nashville RR Co. Savannah & Atlanta Ry. Co. Seaboard Air Line RR Co. Southern Railway Co. City of Atlanta ..... City of Donalsonville City of Rossville Colquitt County Liberty County
Totals

Balances June 30,
1952

Additions Since
July 1, 1952

Earned Since July 1, 1952

Balances To Be Earned

$ 5,761,527.54 4,976,962.44 8,418.42
2,999,301.18 212,767.77

$ 5,963,395. 74 $ 5,104,309.50

2,530,949. 79 4,344,328.74

Cr.

4,309.88 188,900.01

''''''1;424,927:i2

Cr. 4,446.71

58,083.00

I, 713,338.00

862,493.00

Cr. 3,355.53

. 56,()()():()()

$ 6,620,613. 78 3,163,583.49 4,108.54 I. 763.274.07 150,238.06 850.845.00
35.5oo:oo 42.500.00

215,766.15

185.663.09

$12.065,907.51

$12,816,326.03

13,878.00 12,800.00 3,176.00
3,260.00 590.00
2,908.00 8,432.00 7,840.00
-------

$

6,393.67 $

1,454.67

2,969.33

959.33

Cr.

80.19

879.81

1,866.00 915.04

3;o55:o4

....... 2,529.00 ,,,,,,,,,,,,,.,. 952:41 1,912.41

1,562.42

4,162.42

17,000.00

8,635.00

39,245.00

3'l,24s:oo

3,879.60

3,879.60

3,560.30

18,817.00 14.810.00
2,216.00 1,866.00 1,120.00
590.00 5,437.00 9,392.00 5,240.00 17,000.00 8,635.00
3,560.30

52,884.00 $

90,387.58 $

54,588.28 $ 88,683.30 $12.905,009.33

SUMMARY OF EXPENDITURES BY OBJECT CLASSIFICATION

Object of Expenditure
Personal Services Equipment Expenses Equipment Purchases .. Communication Services Heat, Light, Power and Rents Traveling Expenses Supplies and Materials Insurance ________ _ Printing and Binding Indemnity Claims Compensation Claims Payments to Contractors Special and Miscellaneous
Total Administration (Exhibit ''C")
Total Construction (Exhibit
Total Maintenance (Exhibit
Equipment Purchases (Exhibit "C") .
Compensation Claims (Exhibit "C")
Highway Planning Survey
Total Expenditures

July 1, 1952 to June 30, 1953

Schedule No. 10

Adminis~
tration

Highway

Construction Maintenance and Surveys

Equipment

Compensation Planning

Claims

Survey

Total Net Expendituns

$664,211.70 $ 5,607,661.92 $4,200,290.49 11,054.97 738,969.72 1,304,844.26

44,862.86 22,624.92 14,010.20 54,184.41 22,776.15
1,724.75 . 12,541.22
10,363.52

14,49s.2o
2,751.88 8,683.98 430,350.49 2,845,102.71
71.25 222.22

41,75s,oii.s4 49,281.87 885,074.49

$907,636.57

1,778.74 311.09
9,399.56 53,852.59
5,226.95

$10,818,878.66 2,071,267.50 1,896,155.98 95,479.55 36,566.25 51,870.54 690,229.88 4,479,575.88 1,796.00
18,107.69 10,363.52 72,889.19
41,765,517.60 976,359.25

$52,288,455.40

$7,367,124.52

$1,896,155.98

$72,889.19

$452,795.83

$62,985,057.49

Twenty-Fifth Report, State Highway Department of Georgia 185

SUMMARY OF EXPENDITURES BY CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICTS
July 1, 1952, to June 30, 1953
Schedule No. 8-F

Districts

Construction

Surveys

1-faintenance

Total

Expenditures

First
Second .. Third . Fourth. Fifth Sixth. Seventh Eighth Ninth Tenth

---------------------- ---------

Totals .

$ 6,140,227.58 2,987,173.64 10,491,814.79 2,731,482.53 5,129,368.25 6,569,273.63 4,635,682.53 7,242,549.46 3,098,261.88 1,719,869.94
$50,745,704.23

$ 314,865.95 77,422.36 172,878.07 125,438.84 185,189.27 81,658.16 71,725.30 91,040.60 286,710.07 135,822.55
$1,542,751.17

$ 986,522.11 690,439.90 931,395.00 615,196.33 198,873.01 707,100.00 649,451.79
967,100.07 884,082.44
736,963.87

$ 7,441,615.64 3,755,035.90 11 ,596,087.86 3,472,117.70 5,513,430.53 7,358,031.79
5,356,859.62 8,300,690.13 4,269,054.39 2,592,656.36

$7,367,124.52

Total Expenditures by Congressional Districts

..........

....

$59,655,579.92

APPROPRIATION BALANCES
June 30, 1953

Schedule No. 12

CONSTRUCTION: For Matching Federal Aid Regular Construction Surveys
MAINTENANCE: Heavy Maintenance Regular Maintenance Deferred Credits
Center Line
ADMINISTRATION: Deferred Credits
EQUIPMENT PURCHASES
COMPENSATION CLAIMS
HIGHWAY PLA!'INING SURVEY
Total Appropriation Balances June 30, 1953 (Exhibit "A").

$285,714.31 $324,413.41
9,829.93 334,243.34

Cr. $ 56,001.95 108,781.80

$ 3.098.51 52,779.85

3.919.32

Cr. $710,275.51 819,181.52

59,797.68
108,906.01 186,368.67
3,207.39 16,131.98

$994,369.38

186 Tw en ty-Fifth Repo1t, Sta te H ighw ay De7Ja1'tment of Geo1gia
T wo views of co vered bridge over C hat ta hooch ee R iver, on Stat e R oute 238, in T roup Count y which will be replaced by a brid ae of modern desian under Project BA (3) 11 70 (3 ) of the Stat e Bridge Building A uthorit y.

STATE HIGHWAY DEPARTMENT FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
For Fiscal Year Ending June 30, 1954
Begin on Page 188

188 Twenty-Fifth Report, State Highway Department of Georgia

FUND BALANCE SHEET
Reflecting the Fund Position for Fiscal Year Ending June 30, 1954
Exhibit "A"

CURRENT ASSETS: Cash in BanksState Funds
Contractors' Trust Fund (Contra)

ASSETS
$ 22,358,839.98 98,500.00 $ 22,457,339.98

Receivables-
U. S. Government Accounts Receivable Advances

$ 1,518,178.56 19,771.66 500.00

1,538,450.22

Total Current Assets

$ 23,995,790.20

DEFERRED CHARGES: Materials and Supplies in Stock
Undistributed Charges and Credits Undistributed Sign Shop

$ 370,056.13 57,280.68 56,585.07

493,921.88

Total Proprietary Assets Less: Reserve for Doubtful Assets. Advances and ~faterials and Supplies in Stock

$ 24,489,712.08 514,193.54

Net Proprietary Assets

$ 23,975,518.54

FUND ASSETS: Contingent Revenue from State Treasury

6,123,234.72

FIXED ASSETS: (Schedule No. 6)
Buildings and Lands Road Equipment
Other Equipment

$ 1,112,269.75 3,221,786.00 472,097.10 $ 4,806,152.85

Roads and Bridges-(Exhibit "D") Construction Cost to Date on Construction in Progress ... ....... . .... .
Construction Cost to Date on Completed Construction

$ 96,858,348.32 464,662,532.49

561,520,880.81

Total Capital Investment

566,327,033.66

Total

$596,425,786.92

Twenty-Fifth Report, State Highway Department of Georgia 189

FUND BALANCE SHEET
Reflecting the Fund Position for Fiscal Year Ending June 30) 1954
Exhibit "A" Continued

CURREI"T LIABILITIES:
Accounts Payable Contractors' Trust Fund (Contra)

LIABILITIES

Cr. $

74.35 98,500.00 $

98,425.65

PURCHASE ORDERS OUTSTA!'\Dl'\IG

2,054,676.42

ALLOTMENTS TO COMPLETE CONSTRUCTION: (Schedule No. 8)
Regular State Fund Contracts Less: Non-Cash Participation

$ 1,799,263.29 17,000.00 $ 1, 782,263.29

State Force Construction Post Road Contracts . -------Less: Non-Cash Participation

$ 2,630,078.08 10,902.36

1,764,185.77 2,619, 175.72

State and Federal Fund Contracts (Gross) Less: Federal Cash Participation
$13,550,181.58

!\on-Cash Participation

34,253.00

UNRECORDED COMMITMENTS:
Regular State Fund Contracts Post Road Contracts State and Federal Fund Contracts Less: Federal Cash Participation

(Gross)

$ 22,978,700.68 13,584,434.58
$ 5,689,321.83 2,839,194.44

9,394,266.10 ------

$

9,887.99

126,075.62

2,850,127.39

15,559,890.88 2,986,091.00

ALLOTMENT BALANCES: (Schedule No. 8)
Special Maintenance Refunding Certificate Federal-Aid Surveys Urban Highway Surveys Highway Planning Survey State Bridge Building Authority

$ 344.416.29 100.00
45,289.ii 42,500.00 162.533.88 633,078.15 $ 1,227,918.09

Less: Federal Cash Participation

231,739.49

996,178.60

APPROPRIATI0'\1 BALANCES: (Schedule No. 12)
For Matching Federal All Construction All Maintenance ... All Administration -Compensation Claims Highway Planning Survey
RESERVES:
Machinery Replacement Account Unpaid Checks Cancelled Emergency Fund Laboratory Building Contingent Revenue
CAPITAL LIABILITIES AND SURPLUS:
Refunding Certificate due in 1940 Surplus Invested in Plant and Equipment Surplus Invested in Highways

$ 180,680.36 402,342.85 659,727.12 61,282.31 13,453.80
64,896.17

1,382,382.61

$

1,600.81

13,768.25

34,061.32

848,443.00

6,123,234.72

7,021,108.10

$

100.00

$ 4,806, 152.8.1

561,520.780.81 566,326,933.66 566,327,033.66

Total

$596,425,786.92

190 Twenty-Fifth Report, State Highway Department of Georgia

RECONCILIATION OF FUND SURPLUS
July I, I 953, to June 30, I 954
Exhibit "B"

Surplus Reserves at July I, 1953

$10,544,138.56

FUND REVEl'\CE

FU.\ID APPROPRIATION:
General Operations Maintenance From General Operation~

$21,174,345.12 9,400,000,02
600,000.00 10,000,000.02

For Matching F<"deral Aid From General Operations

$12,465,239.42 795,653.58 13,260,893.00 $44,435,238.14

OTHER Il'\COME:

Cherokee County

Gwinnett County

Haralson County

Taylor County

City of Atlanta

State Department of Agriculture

State Bridge Buildin"{ Authority (Reimburse-

ment for Engineering)

__

U. S. Corps of Engineers (Buford Dam Area,

Relocation of Roads)

Capitol Square Improvement Committee

Georgia Northern Railway Company

Savannah & Atlanta Railway Company

Seaboard Air Line Railroad Company

Georgia Power Company

Unpaid Checks Cancelled

Miscellaneous Income

$

954.11

Cr. 213.27

318.20

164.20

377,071.18

31,197.73

297,090.08

261,000.00 22,625.90 I ,525.00 2,270.00 3, 714.61
Cr. 21,314.97 1,832.91
15,915.39

994,151.07

FEDERAL CASH PARTICIPATIOl'\: Federal Aid-Regular Federal Aid-Secondarv Federal Aid-Grade C~ossing Urban Highways Access Roads
Highway Planning Survey

$ 6,260,54i .91 4,442,922.97
Cr. 3,408.79 1,892,889.64 371,592.84 198,911.00

13,163,455.57

NON-CASH PARTICIPATION-RAILROADS:

Atlanta & West Point Railroad Company

$

522.00

Atlantic Coast Line Railroad Company

1,136.98

Central of Georgia Railway Company

2,218.88

Georgia Railroad

Cr. 399.28

Georgia Northern Railway Company

Cr. 1,037.00

Georgia, Southern & Florida Ry. Co.

655.00

Louisville & Nashville Railroad Co.

Cr. 143.56

Nashville. Chattanooga & St. Louis RR Co.

850.00

Savannah & Atlanta Railway Company

Cr. 5,080.09

Seaboard Air Line Railroad Company

Cr. 4.859.89

Southern Railway Company

99.58 Cr. 6,037.38

N0.\1-CASH PARTICIPATION-CITIES AND

COUl'\TIES:

City of Donalsonville

Cr.$

Madison County

785.00 16.119.35

15,334.35

Total Fund Revenue and Participation

58,602.141.75

Available for Appropriation and Reserves

$69,146,280.31

Twenty-Fifth Report, State Highway Department of Georgia 191

RECONCILIATION OF FUND SURPLUS
July I, 1953, to June 30, 1954
Exhibit 'Bn Continued

FUND APPROPRIATIONS

CONSTRUCTI0:--1: State-Aid Contracts Post Road Contracts .. ___ .. __ _ Federal-Aid Contracts-Regular Federal-Aid Contracts-Secondary Federal-Aid Contracts-Grade Crossing Urban Highway Contracts Access Road Contracts State Bridge Building Authority (Engineering) ________ _
Unrecorded Commitments

$ 3,012,243.33 6,616,724.82 13,340,707.39 9,980,885.27
Cr. 481.72 4.258,371.10 404,518.10
67.289.03 2,986,091.00

Total Contract Appropriations

$40,666,348.32

Construction by Convict Forces Construction by State Forces
Reconstruction by State Forces

458,912.22 3,313,972.60 2,332,946.40

Total Construction Appropriations

$46,772,179.54

SURVEYS: Regular Post Roads Access Roads

$ 1,271,275.63 543,375.23 9,238.00

1,823,888.86

MAIKTENANCE: Regular
Undistributed
Under Contract Special
Center Line Sign Shop Douglas Shop . .... State Bridge Building Authority

$ 5,987, 750.86 279,917.30
Cr. 1,158.83 601,370.55 639,067.18 114,743.54 28,450.14
1,464,078.15

Deduct: Balance of Sign Shop Expenditures Carried Forward as befcrred Charges

$ 9,114,218.89 66,585.07

9,047,633.82

ADMINISTRATION: General Administration Research and Analysis

$ I ,066,309.46 15,621.17

1,081,930.63

MISCELLANEOUS: Equipment Purchast"s Compensation Claims . Highway Planning Survey

$ 947,936.94 79,753.59
475,272.68

1,502,963.21

UNEXPEKDED APPROPRIATION BALANCES:

For Matching Ftderal Aid

$

All Construction

All Maintenance

All Administration

Compensation Claims

Highway Planning Survey

180,680.36 402,342.85 659,727.12
61,282.31 !3,453.80 64,896.17

1,382,382 .61

RESERVES: Doubtful Assets . . .. Machinery Replacement Account Unpaid Checks Cancelled Emergency Fund
Laboratory Building
Contingent Revenue

$ 514,193.54 1,600.81
13,768.25 34,061.32 848,443.00
6.123,234. 72

7,535,301.64

Total Allotments and Reserves

$69.146,280.31

192 Twenty-Fifth Report, State Highway Department of Georgia

REVENUE RECEIPTS AND EXPENDITURES
July I, 1953, to June 30, 1954
Exhibit "C"

REVE"UE RECEIPTS

CASH: State Treasury
Cherokee County Gwinnett Countv
Haralson CountY Taylor County City of Atlanta State Department of Agriculture State Bridge Building Authority
(Reimbursement for Engineering) U. S. Corps of Engineers (Buford Dam Area,
Relocation of Roads)
Capitol Square Improvement Committee Georgia Northern Railway Company
Savannah & Atlanta Railway Company
Seaboard Air Line Railroad Company Georgia Power Company Unpaid Checks Cancelled Miscellaneous Income

$46,100,337.83 954.11
Cr. 213.27 318.20 164.20
377,071.18 31,197.73
297,090.08
261,000.00 22,625.90
1,525.00 2,270.00 3,714.61 Cr. 21,314.97 1,832.91 15,915.39

FEDERAL GOVERNMENT: Federal Aid-Regular Federal Aid-Secondary Urban Highways Works Program
Access Roads _ -------------
Urban Highway Surveys Highway Planning Survey

$ 5,659,943.06 3,957,804.57 1,424,958.12 23,234.18 901,086.00 8,794.39 222,040.21

NON-CASH PARTICIPATION-RAILROADS:

Atlantic Coast Line Railroad Company

$ 10,955.98

Central of Georgia Railway Company

408.88

Georgia Railroad

1,246.72

Louisville & Nashville Railroad Co.

446.44

Savannah & Atlanta Railway Company

97.91

Seaboard Air Line Railroad Company

3,102.11

Southern Railway Company

3.665.26

N0::-1-CASH PARTICIPATION-CITIES AND

COUNTIES:

City of Donalsonville

$

Madison County

7,850.00 8, 777.29

Total Revenue Receipts and Participation

$47,094,488.90 12,197,860.53 19,923.30 16,627.29

$59,328,900.02

Twenty-Fifth Report, State Highway Department of Georgia 193

REVENUE RECEIPTS AND EXPENDITURES
July 1, 1953, to June 30, 1954
Exhibit ~c" Continued

EXPENDITURES

CONSTRUCTION:

State-Aid Contracts

Post Road Contracts ... ____ _

Federal-Aid Contracts-Regular

Federal-Aid Contracts-Secondary

Federal-Aid Contracts-----Grade Crossing

Urban Highway Contracts

..... .

Access Road Contracts ....

State Bridge Building Authority

(Engineering)

$ 5,439,396.68 7,468,323.07 12,948,867.84 8,685, 173.79 37,613.25 3,556,933.39 1,037,811.09
109,390.18

Total Contract Expenditures Construction bv Convict Forces Construction h). State Forces Reconstruction by State Forces

$39,283,509.29 710,710.10
2,622,089. 70
2,871,483.47

Total Construction

$45,487,792.56

SURVEYS: Regular Post Roads Federal-Aid
Access Roads

$ 1,282,124.51 543,633.08 4,633.77 9,283.00

Total Surveys

1,839,674.36

MAINTENANCE: Regular Undistributed
Under Contract Special
Center Line Sign Shop Douglas Shop ~~~ ~ ~ .. State Bridge Building

$ 6,009,084.25 279,266.54 257.80 827,755.23 642,672.56 66,585.07 28,302.42 831,000.00

Deduct: Balance of Expenditures Sign Shop Undistributed at June 30, 1954, but carried forward as Deferred Charges

$ 8,684,923.87 66,585.07

Total Maintenance

8,618,338.80

ADMINISTRA TIOK: General Administration Research and Analysis
Total Administration

$ 968,095.28 17,400.74
-------

985.496.02

MISCELLANEOUS: Equipment Purchases Compensation Claims Highway Planning Survey
Total Miscellaneous
Total Expenditures

$ 964,743.29 79,753.59
493.328.14 ------
1,537.825.02 --------

$58,469,126.76

Total Receipts Total Expenditures

RESUME'

Excess Receipts over Expenditures Proprietary Surplus at July 1, 1953

Proprietary Surplus at June 30, 1954

$59,328,900.02 58,469,126.76
$ 859.773.26 23,531,513.17
$24,391,286.43

I _) J

.,

SUMMARY OF CONSTRUCTION

(

June 30, 1954

Exhibit "'D"

DESCRIPTION

Total Allotments

EX P E N D IT u R E S

Net Encumbrances

Paymt'nts

Total Charges

Cost to Complete

FUN D PARTICIPATI ON

State Funds

Federal Funds

County, W.P.A. and Other Non-Cash Funds

Other Cash Funds

Open Projects _____________ $127,239,763.85 $1,209,187.71 $ 96,858,348.32 $ 98,067,536.03 $29,172,227.82 $ 78,048,152.93 $ 45,517,345.07

Closed Projects

464,662,532.49 .

----- 464,662,532.49 464,662,532.49 ----

278,477,141.73 138,656,913.53
-

Totals

$591,902,296.34 $1,209,187.71 $561,520,880.81 $562,730,068.52 $29,172,227.82

Total Allotment

Distribution

__ _

Deduct: Construction

Funds Received __ _

Total Construction

Funds Due:

State Funds

Federal Funds .... Non-Cash
Participation Other Cash
Participation ...

Total Funds Due

I
...... .....
I I

......
I
.....

I
I I
...

..... .....

$356,525,294.66 $134,174,258.60 341,393,754.17 173,807,837.12

$ 15,131,540.49 $ 10,366.421.48

-

----1

. ...

...

$ 63,128.44 46,493,793.24
$46,556,921.68 46,493,793.24
$ 63,128.44
.. --
. ..

$3,611,137.41 1,034,683.99
$4,645,821.40 1,034,683.99
$3,611,137.41

Totals $127,239,763.85 464,662,532.49 $591,902,296.34 562,730,068.52
$ 29,172,227.82

COMPARATIVE STATEMENT OF REVENUE RECEIPTS AND EXPENDITURES

For Ten-Year Period Ending June 30, 1954
REVENUE RECEIPTS

-

--

1945

1946

1947

1948

1949

1950

1951

1952

1953

Exhibit "E" 1954

uA.ppsr.oprGiaotvieornnsment, Cash
Counties and Other Cash Railroads, Cities and Others ~fisccllaneous Income Work Projects Administration Counties, Non-Cash Cities, Non-Cash
Total Revenue Receipts

$11,971,296.93 $22,139,235.95 $20,256,526.48 $30,815)30.91 $27,482,524.12 $30,348,501.90 $33,040,205.92 $46,310,049.69 $43,610,597.37 $46,100,337.83

2,226,818.94 2,70'>,588.54 6,642,819.41 7,388,176.55 9,714,989.56 12,303,064.55 10,660,808.35 9,793,231.55 12,065,907.51 12,197,860.53

8,961.71

...

27,936.22

.....

I

39,338.20

766,739.94 12,697.43

141,279.52 46,410.86

547,703.41 1,683,170.57

1,267.57

8,294.80

352,613.71 10,738.00

420,212.45 19,923.30

-

552,746.45

32,401.99

58,071.05

19,270.68 903,838.38 724,807.05 2,563,069.42 286,256.60 109,439.12 573,938.62

188,132.74 55,200.16

42,020.79 29,310.40

I

204.86

.. ......

......

...

......

"

...

...

... ,

...

3,879.60

8,777:29

12,291.24

:

..

I

------------ ......

....

39,245.00

7,850.00

$15,043,384.39 $24,948,557.67 $26,996,960.00 $38,223,178.14 $38,880, 789.4:l $43,564,063.88 $46,813,054.67 $58,081,003.21 $56,192.420.31 $59,328,900.02

EXPENDITURES

Administration

$ ..... 432,451.24 $ 516,022.411$ 706,239.81 $ 698,829.16 $ 816,177.76 $ 785,765.00 $ 790,132.83 $ 830,847. 74 $ 907,636.57 $ 985,496.02

Construction

... 4,446,878. 72 6,053,516.25 18,778,646.48 19,176,439.40 32,264,461.83 33,575,252.34 32,197,784.93 37,063,679.58 50,745,704.23 45,487' 792.56

Surveys

.. 297,883.76 645,285.44 668,273.61 998,187.21 1,466,158. 71 1,362,384.23 1,294,010.33 1,354,820.30 1,542,751.17 1,839,674.36

Maintenance Compensation

-Cl~i~s

.... 5,152,912.87 7' 129,115.05 5, 716,352.14 5, 781,051.92 6,045,092.38 5, 789,388.29 6,454,547.05 7,581,056.94 7,367,124.52 8,618,338.80

45,453.70

24,337.27

20,447.50

25,166.77

22,085.03

44,829.63

54,155.90

46,529.10

72,889.19

79,753.59

Highway Planning Survey

68,931.26 181,368.17 246,679.65 269,402.88 280,442.67 325,495.18 387,641.41 411,198.47 452,795.83 493,328.14

Lands, Buildings and Equipment

155,722.48 514,795.59 512,199.27 1,229,472.05 1,264,935.84 337,559.68 1,665,255.88 I ,877,226.57 I ,896,155.98 964,743.29

Redemption of Debt

2,665,291.01 2,651,500.00 2,650,000.00 2,650,000.00 "

....

.

---- ......

..

"

"

.

....

...

Legislative and Other Transfers ...

"

41,770.51 ''''

....

4,447.46

.. .........

. " "

....

.......

Total Expenditures

$13,265,525.04 $17,757,710.69 $29,298,838.46 $30,832,996.85 $42,159,354.22 $42,220,674.35 $42,843,528.33 $49,165,358.70 $62,985,057.49 $58,469,126.76

Excess Expenditures over Receipts Excess Receipts over Expenditures

$

$

$ 2,301,878.46 $ ................ ,,., .. $ 3,278,564. 79 $

$

$

$ 6,792,637.18 $

1,777,859.35 7,190,846.98

............. 7,390,181.29

1,343,389.53 3,969,526.34 8,915,644.51

"

8~19,773.26

Add: Cash, Inventories and Deferred

Charges at Beginning of Period

8,674,302.64 8,002,469.42 14,743,403.i0 12,174,8i9.56 18,728,313.78 15,515,578.39 16,957,944.81 21,408,432.54 30,324,150.35 23,531,513.17

Balance: Cash, Inventories and De~ ferred Charges at End of Period .. $10,452,161.99 $15,193,316.40 $12,441,525.24 $19,565,060.85 $15,449,748.99 $16,858,967.92 $20,927,471.15 $30,324,077.05 $23,531,513.17 $24,391,286.43
Deduct: Fund Balances, Contracts,
Reserves and Outstanding Purchase Orders at End of Period ... 10,219,401.90 15,193,316.40 12,441,525.24 19,565,060.85 15,449,748.99 16,858,967.92 20,927,471.15 30,324,077.05 .23,531,513.1i 24,391,286.43

Fund Surplus at End of Period ..... $ 232,760.091 .

. "

"

-- '"

INVENTORY OF LANDS, BUILDINGS AND EQUIPMENT

DESCRIPTION

June 30, 1954

Appraisal
Value .June 30,
1953

Additions Fiscal Year
1953-1954

Totals

SchedulP No. 6

I Depreciation
Fiscal Year

Equipment .Junked

1953-1954

Appraisal Valu'
June 30, 19.14

Lands Buildings Passenger Equipmf'nt Trucks Tractors Power Graders Graders Other Road Equipment Airplane Office Equipment Engineering Equipment Laboratory Equipment Shop Equipment
Totals

..... $ 267,800.96

....

698,967.08

127.00

... 1,112,856.12

362,990.66

694,972.56

148,024.13

1,279,293.75

11,395.43

190,906.75

.....

135,428.11

21,386.20

71,755.81

$4,995,904.56

$ 60,540.95 $ 328,341.91 $

84,960.76 783,927.84

1,950.00

2,077.00

570.00

230,602.60 1,343,458. 72 330,820.00

24,901.00 387,891.66

96,670.00

195.229.35 890,201.91 222,100.00

15,207.64 163,231.77

40,500.00

255,821.19 1,535,114.94 383,300.00

184.75

11,580.18

2,895.00

53,357.21 244,263.96

24,430.00

28,408.00 163,836.11

16,380.00

4,877.34

26,263.54

2,600.00

8,702.50

80,458.31

8,000.00

$964.743.29 $5.960,647.85 $1' 128,265.00

$

$ 328,341.91

783,927.84

1,507.00

20,150.00 992.488.72

1,185.00 290,036.66

1,725.00 666,376.91

1,300.00 121,431.77

1,870.00 1,149,944.94

8,685.18

219,833.96

........

147,456.11

23,663.54

72,458.31

$26,230.00 $4,806,152.85

SUMMARY OF UNENCUMBERED ALLOTMENTS

(Also Reflecting Reconciliation with Expenditures Since July I, 1953)

DESCRIPTION OF FUNDS

June 30, 1954

FUNDS AVA I LABLE

Balances

Net

June 30, 1953 Allotments

Totals

c HARGES
Net Encumbrances Expenditures

Totals

Schedule No. a

Available
Balances June 30, 1954

ANALYSIS OF BALANCES

Other Participation

State Funds

CONSTRUCTION:

Regular State Funds

..............

Post Roads ....

"

Federal Aid-Regular

.....

Federal Aid-Secondary.........

..

Federal Aid-Grade Crossing

Urban Highway

. "

Access State

Roads Bridge

A.;;th~rity

(E~gi~~~ring)

$ 3,982,774.95 $ 3,012,243.33 $ 6,995,018.28

3,481,107.63 6,616, 724.82 10,097,832.45

11,715,327.39 13,340,707.39 25,056,034.78

5,079,590.98 9,980,885.27 15,060,476.25

43,717.29 Cr.

481.72

43,235.57

3,633,283.61 4,258,371.10 7,891,654.71

793,216.88

404,518.10 1,197,734.98

67,289.03

67,289.03

$

622.96 $ 5,439,396.68 $ 5,440,019.64 $ 1,554,998.64

Cr. 568.70 7,468,323.07 7,467, 754.37 2,630,078.08

2,322.12 12,948,867.84 12,951,189.96 12,104,844.82

2,482.46 8,685, 173.79 8,687,656.25 6,372,820.00

37,613.25

37,613.25

5,622.32

Cr. 179.56 3,556,933.39 3,556, 753.83 4,334,900.88

Cr. 588.77 1,037,811.09 1,037,222.32 160,512.66

489.01

109,390.18

109,879.19 Cr. 42,590.16

$ 17,000.00 10,902.36
7,257,682.92
3,672, 783.99 99,815.24
2,231,205.59 322,946.84

$ 1,537,998.64
2,619,175. 72 4,847,161.90
2, 700,036.01 Cr. 94,192.92
2,103,695.29 Cr. 162,434.18 Cr. 42,590.16

Total Contracts Construction by Convict Forces
Construction by State Forces Reconstruction by State ForCPS

$28,729,018.73 538,463.42 510,516.74 926,289.09

$37,680,257.32 458,912.22
3,313,972.60 2,332,946.40

$66,409,276.05

$ 4,579.52 $39,283,509.29 $39,288,088.81 $27,121,187.24

997,375.64 Cr. 189.27

710,710.10

710,520.83 286,854.81

3,824,489.34

202,551.12 2,622,089. 70 2,824,640.82 999,848.52

3,259,235.49 Cr. 376,585.23 2,871,483.47 2,494,898.24 764,337.25

$13,612,336.94

$13,508,850.30
286,854.81 999,848.52
764,337.25

Total Construction

$30,704,287.98 $43,786.088.54 $74,490,376.52 Cr. $169,643.86 $45,487,792.56 $45,318,148.70 $29,172,227.82 $13,612,336.94 $15,559,890.88

ALLOTMENTS FOR GENERAL OPERATIONS:
Surveys-Regular Surveys-Post Roads Surveys---Federal Aid Surveys-Urban Highway Surveys-Access Roads M.aintenance-Regular Maintenance-Undistributed Maintenance-Under Contract Maintenance-Special Center Line *Sign Shop . Douglas Shop Administration Research and Analysis Equipment Purchases Compensation Claims Refunding Certificate Highway Planning Survey Payments to State Bridge
Building Authority
Totals

I :

... ......
"
...
....... .....
...
.....

1,271,275.63

543,375.23

49,923.54 -------------------- ----

42,500.00

9,238.00

5,987, 750.86

279,917.30

1,416.63 Cr. 1,158.83

437,908.13

601,370.55

639,067.18

48,158.47

28,450.14

..........................

1,066,309.46

.....

15,621.17

..........

947,936.94

79,753.59

100.00

185,663.09

475,272.68

1,271,275.63
543,375.23 49,923.54 42,500.00
9,238.00 5,987, 750.86
279,917.30 257.80
1,039,278.68 639,067.18 48,158.47 28,450.14
1,066,309.46
15,621.17 947,936.94
79,753.59 100.00
660,935.77

Cr. 10,848.88 Cr. 257.85

Cr. .

45~00 1

Cr. 21,333.39

650.76

Cr. 132,892.84
Cr. 3,605.38 48,158.47 147.72
98,214.18 Cr. 1,779.57 Cr. 16,806.35

5,073. 75

1,282,124.51 543.633.08 (633.77
9,283.00 6,009,084.25
279,266.54 257.80
827,755.23 642,672.56
28,302.42 968,095.28
17,400.74 964,743.29
79,753.59
493,328.14

1,271,275.63 ------

543,375.23 4,633.77

.... ,,,,,45,2ii9.i7

42,500.00

9,238.00 '.,

..

5,987, 750.86

.........

279,917.30 .

257.80

694,862.39 344,416.29

639,067.18 .

48,158.47 .

28,450.14 ----

1,066,309.46 .

....

15,621.17 .

947,936.94

...

79,753.59

100.00

498,401.89 162,533.88

"""
35,5oo.oo
33,705.61
...

9,789.77 8, 794.39
.. .
344,416.29

-----

"

.

162,533.88

100.00
. ........

......

1,464,078.15 1,464,078.15

..

831,000.00

831,000.00 633,078.15

"

633,078.15

~~---

r $31,421,799.37 $57,242,505.061 $88,664,304.43 Cr. $204,968.24 $58,469,126.76, $58,264,158.52 $30,400,145.91 $13,844,076.43 $16,556,069.48

*The Sign Shop Allotment and Expenditures include $56,757.67 brought forward at the beginning of the period as undistributed charges and excludes $66,585.07 which represents undistributed charges at June 30, 1954.

198 Twenty-Fifth Report, State Highway Depa1tment of Georgia

DETAIL OF EQUIPMENT ALLOTMENTS
July 1, 1953, to June 30, 1954
Schedule :\o. 8-C

A C COUNT s

Highway Planning Survey Administration Construction Maintenance Glennville Shop Building

.............. .........

Totals

Allotments

For Year

Ket

I Expenditures

1953-1954 Encumbrances

$ 3.132.04 166,595.65 122,746.65 654,557.03
905.57

Cr. $ 381.50 37,217.24 14,454.02
Cr. 68,096.11
....

$947,936.94 Cr. $16,806.35

$ 3,513.54 129,378.41 108,292.63 722,653.14 905.57
$964.743.29

Total Charges
$ 3.132.04 166.595.65 122;746.65 654,557.03 905.57
$947,936.94

ANALYSIS OF EQUIPMENT PURCHASES
July I, 1953, to June 30, 1954
Schedule 1\o. 10-D

TYPE OF EQUIPMENT
Lands J3uildings Passenger Equipment Trucks Tractors Power Graders Graders Other Road Equipment Airplane Office Equipment Engineering Equipment__ . Laboratory Equipment Shop Equipment
Totals

Cost
$ 60,540.95 84,960.76 1,950.00 230,602.60 24,901.00 195.229.35 15,207.64 255,821.19 184.75 53.357.21 28,408.00 4.877.34 8,702.50
$964.743.29

Twenty-Fifth Repo1t, State Highway Department of Georgia 199

ESTIMATED PARTICIPATION
June 30, 1954

Schedule l\'"o. 9

Dt>scription of Funds

Balances June 30,
1953

Additions I Earned

Since

Since

July I. 1953 July I. 1954

Balances to br Earned

FEDERAL CASH PARTICIPATION:

Federal Aid-Regular

$6,620,613.78 $ 6,260,547.91 $ 5,659,943.06 $ 7,221,218.63

Federal Aid--Secondary

.... 3,163,583.49 4.442,922.97 3,957,804.57 3,648, 701.89

Federal Aid-Grade Crossing Urban Highways

4.108.54 Cr. 3,408.79 1,763;274.07 1.892,889.64

(424,'ls8.12

699.75 2,231,205.59

Works Program

150,238,06

23,234.18 127,003.88

Access Roads Federal-Aid Surveys

.. .. I 850,845.00
35,500.00

371,592.84
....

901,086.00

321,351.84 35,500.00

Urban Highway Surveys

...

42,500.00

8,794.39

33,705.61

Highway Planning Survey

185,663.09

198,911.00

222,040.21

162,533.88

Totals

$12.816,326.03 $13.163.455.57 $12.197.860.53

Total Federal Cash

Participation Unearned

June 30, 1954

....

l\'0:'\-CASH PARTICIPATIOl\':

Atlanta & West Point RR Co.

$

Atlantic Coast Line RR Co.

Central of Georgia Ry. Co.

Georgia Railroad

.....

Georgia Northc-rn Ry. Co.

Georgia, Southern & Fla. Ry. Co.

Louisville & !\'ashville RR Co.

l\'. C. & St. L. Ry.

Savannah & Atlanta Ry. Co.

Seaboard Air Line RR Co.

.....

South('rn Railway Co.

City of Atlanta

City of Donalsonville

Liberty County

~fadison County

Totals

$

I
I
$13,781,921.07

$

522.00 $

18.817.00

1.136.98

14.810.00

2:218.88

2.216.00 Cr. 399.28

1,866.00 Cr. 1.037.00 -----

1.120.00

655.00 --

590.00 Cr. 143.56

850.00

5,437.00 Cr. 5.080.09

9.392.00 Cr. 4,859.89

5.965.68

99.58

17,000.00

8,635.00 Cr. 785.00

3,560.30

16,119.35

--

89,408.98 $ 9,296.97 $

...... $ 10,955.98
408.88 1,246.72
446.44
97.91 3,102.11 3,665.26
7,850.00
8,777.29
36,550.59 $

522.00 8,998.00 16,620.00
570.00 829.00 1,775.00
850.00 259.00 1,430.00 2,400.00 17,000.00
3,560.30 7,342.06
62,155.36

Total Estimated Participation ...

$13,844,076.43

~
0 0
SUMMARY OF EXPENDITURES BY OBJECT CLASSIFICATION

Object of Expenditures
Personal Services Equipment Expenses . Equipment Purchases Communication Services Heat, Light, Power, & Water Rents-------------- Traveling Expenses_ Supplies & Materials Insurance. . .... ___ _ Printing & Binding Indemnity Claims Compensation Claims Payments to Contractors Speciai and Miscellaneous Expenses State Bridge Building Authority
Total Administration (Exhibit "C")
Total Construction (Exhibit "C")
Total Maintenance (Exhibit "C")
Equipment Purchases
Compensation Claims
Highway Planning Survey
Total Expenditures

July I, 1953, to June 30, 1954

Administration

Construction and Surveys

Maintenance

Compensation

Equipment

Claims

Schedule .:-<o. 10

Highway Planning
Survey

Total Net Expenditures

$681,053.61 $ 5, 728.708. i6

18,131.69

748,282.46

14,852.12 2,949.55
20,390.81 434,387.17 3,320,133.59

$4,344,438.55 $ 1,463,179.17
32,440.05 -13,404.48 .. 20,068.86 ... 168,791.69 .. 1,713,818.87 ...

$377,868.73 15,472.51
1,402.23 317.62
9,790.00 65,484.19
7,455.65 255.75
1,799.75

$11,132,9i5.22 2.24.1.065.83 963,837.72 99,873.71 39.228.90
68.288.34 729,525.60 5,065, 776.07
2,281.18 19,522.47 24,473.40
79.753.59 36,076,208.24
1,091,316.49 831,000.00

$47,327,466.92 $8,618,338.80

$964,743.29

$79,753.59

$493,328.14 $58,469,126.76

Twenty-Fifth Report, State Highway Department of Georgia 201

SUMMARY OF EXPENDITURES BY CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICTS
July I, 1953, to June 30, 1954
Schedule No. 8-F

Districts

Construction

Surveys

I Mar ntenann

Total

Expenditures

$ 3.769,395.60 2,341,766.09 7,634,245.86 2,914,200.61 7,929,053.35 4,008,994.49 5,034,585.28 6,156,314.32 3,394,021.54 2,305,215.42
$45,487,792.56

$ 299,287.03 94,707.69 273,286.31 29,432.89 55,259.58 132,666.52 294,064.24 248,824.50
306,292.22 105,853.38
$1,839,674.36

$1,164,757.55 744,346.13 994,527.24 660,497.71 177,409.51 734,952.81 644,524.33
I, 129,044.61 767,481.96 769,796.95

$ 5,233,440.18 3,180,819.91 8,902,059.41 3,604,131.21 8,161,722.44 4,876,613.82 5,973,173.85 7,534,183.43 4,467,795.72 3.180,865. 75

$7,787,338.80

Total Expenditures by Congressional Districts

$55.114,805.72

APPROPRIATION BALANCES June 30, 1954

Schedule No. 12

CONSTRUCTION: For Matching Federal Aid Regular Construction State Bridge Building Authority Surveys
MAINTEJ\"ANCE: Heavy Maintenance Regular Maintenance Deferred Credits
Center Line
ADMINISTRATION: Deferred Credits
EQUIPMENT PURCHASES
COMPENSATIOCII CLAIMS
HIGHWAY PLANNING SURVEY
Total Appropriation Balances June 30, 1954 (Exhibit "A")

$180,680.36 $136,600.73
229,801.05 35,941.07 402,342.85

$391,311.09 100,601.59

$38,031.49 491,912.68

37,303.50

Cr. $907,431.72 968,714.03

567,247.67
61,282.31 92,479.45 13,453.80 64,896.17

$1.382,382.61

202 Twenty-Fifth Re]JOl't, tate H ighway Depa1tment of Georgia
'.
B ridae over Cotton Creek, on tat e R oute 155, betwee n Nl cD onough and Decatur. Project S -0866 (2) .