Twenty-fourth report of the State Highway Department of Georgia to the Governor and General Assembly of the State of Georgia for the fiscal years ending June 30, 1951, and June 30, 1952 [1952]

Metadata
Text

Collection:: Georgia Government Publications
Serial:: Report of the State Highway Department of Georgia to the Governor and General Assembly of the State of Georgia.
Title:: Twenty-fourth report of the State Highway Department of Georgia to the Governor and General Assembly of the State of Georgia for the fiscal years ending June 30, 1951, and June 30, 1952 [1952]
Creator:: Georgia. State Highway Dept
Contributor to Resource:: Georgia. State Highway Dept
Publisher:: Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia. State Highway Dept
Date of Original:: 1952
Subject:: Georgia
Location:: United States, Georgia, 32.75042, -83.50018
Medium:: publications (documents)
Type:: Text
Format:: application/pdf
Description:: Map
External Identifiers:: Call Number GA T700 .A1 1951-52
Metadata URL:: https://dlg.galileo.usg.edu/id:dlg_ggpd_y-ga-bt700-b-pa1-b1951-h52
Digital Object URL:: https://dlg.galileo.usg.edu/do:dlg_ggpd_y-ga-bt700-b-pa1-b1951-h52
Language:: eng
Holding Institution:: University of Georgia. Map and Government Information Library
Rights:

Twenty-Fourth Report
OF THE
State Highway Department
OF GEORGIA TO THE
Governor and General Assembly of the State of Georgia
FOR THE FISCAL YEARS ENDING JUNE 30, 1951, AND JUNE 30, 1952

Twenty-Fourth Report
OF THE
State Highway Department
OF GEORGIA TO THE
Governor and General Assembly of the State of Georgia
FOR THE FISCAL YEARS ENDING JUNE 30, 1951, AND JUNE 30, 1952

Bridge over Y ellow R iver and headwaters of Jackson Lake, on Stat e Route 36, between Covington and Jackson. Project S-!573(1) .

Twenty-Fow th Rep01 t, State Highwr!y Department of Georgiv, 1
Letter of Transmittal
Atlanta, Georgia October 1, 1952
His Excellency, Honorable Herman E. Talmadge, Governor of the State of Georgia, Atlanta, Georgia. Dear Governor Talmadge:
It is our pleasure to submit for your consideration the twenty-fourth biennial report of the State Highway Department of Georgia, covering its activities for the two fiscal years ending June 30, 1951, and June 30, 1952.
In the report, detailed information is presented on the organization, functions and operations of the Highway Depart ment, including a complete statement prepared by the Treasurer of the Department covering all revenues and expenditures during the biennium.
Respectfully submitted, STATE HIGHWAY BOARD OF GEORGIA
Jim L. Gillis, Sr., Chairman Dixon Oxford, Member John E. Quillian, Member

2 Twenty-Fourth Report, State Highway Department of Georgw

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page No.

Letter of Transmittal

1

Organi.mtion Personnel .................................................................................... 5

Organizntion Chart ............................................................................................ 7

History of the Organization of the Highway Department ........................ 11

Members of State Highway Board, 1919- 1943 .......................................... 15

Members of State Highway Commission, 1943 - 1950 ................................ 16

State Highway Directors, 1943- 1950 ............................................................ 18

Members of State Highway Board, 1950- 1952 ............................................ 19

State Highway Engineers, 1919- 1952 .......................................................... 21

Administrative Division .................................................................................... 23

U. S. Bureau of Public Roads .......................................................................... 28

The Federal-Aid Highway Program .............................................................. 33 Highway Systems .............................................................................................. 45 Measurement and Record of Public Roads .................................................... 61 Legal Division .................................................................................................... 73 Personnel Division .............................................................................................. 77 Field Divisions .................................................................................................... 83 Division of Bridges .................................................................... ........................ 89 Division nf Road Design .................................................................................. 95 Division of Contracts and Office Management ............................................ 97

Division of Construction and Surveys .......................................................... 107

Division of Materials and Tests ...................................................................... 113

Division of Right-of-Way ................................................................................ 115

Division of Urban Projects .............................................................................. 119

Post Roads Division .......................................................................................... 123

Division of Maintenance, Equipment and Warehouse .............................. 127

Limitations of Weight and Size of Motor Vehicles .................................... 135

Overweight Vehicles .......................................................................................... 137

Division of Highway Planning

143

Division of Finance and Audits

157

Twenty-FouTth RepoTt, State Highway DepaTtment of GeoTgia

3

TABLES AND CHARTS
Organization Chart Map of the Congressional Districts

Page
No. 7
8

Map of the Highway Districts ........................................................................ 9 Mileage of State Highway System, by Type of Surface .......................... 24 Road-User Revenue and Appropriations for Road Purposes, 1937 -19bl 31 Apportionment of Federal-Aid Highway Funds to Georgia, 1917- 1953 42 Map of the National System of Interstate Highways in Georgia ........ ... 50 Mileage of Roads and Streets, by Systems ................................................ 53

Mileage of State Highway System, 1920 - 1952 ............................................ 54

Mileage of State Highway System and County Roads, by Counties........ 55

Motor Fuel Used for Highway Purposes, 1925- 1951 .............................. 69

Motor- Vehicle Registrations, 1910- 1951 ........................................... .......... 71

Map of the Five Field Divisions .................................................................... 82

Summary of Contracts Awarded, 1951-1952 .............................................. 100

Contracts Awarded, by Type of Construction, 1951

101

Contracts Awarded, by Type of Construction, 1952

104

Illustration of Limits of Weight and Size of Motor Vehicles .................. 134

Traffic Flow Map .............................................................................................. 142

County Receipts and Expenditures for Roads and Bridges, 1940- 1950 .. 150

Cost of Construction of Roads and Bridges, 1920- 1952 ......................... 156

Financial Statements for Fiscal Year Ending June RO, 1951

162

Financial Statements for Fiscal Year Ending June 30, 1952

178

4 Twenty-Fourth Report, State Highway Department of Georgia
State Highway Bo::trd
JIM L. GILLIS, SR., Chairman Southern Highway District (1st, 2nd and 8th Congressional Districts) DIXON OXFORD, Member Central Highway District (3rd, 4th, 6th, and lOth Congressional Districts) JOHN E. QUILLIAN, Member Northern Highway District (5th, 7th and 9th Congressional Districts)
State Highway Engineer
M. L. SHADBURN
Treasurer
BENTON ODOM

Twenty-Fourth Report, State Highway Department of Georgia 5
STATE HIGHWAY DEPARTMENT
Organization Personnel June 30, 1952
JIM L. GILLIS, SR., Chairman, State Highway Board DIXON OXFORD, Member, State Highway Board JOHN E. QUILLIAN, Member, State Highway Board DENTON ODOM, Treasurer W. VAUGHN RICE, Assistant Attorney General C. WINTON ADAMS, Assistant Attorney General HUGH C. CARNEY, Assistant Attorney General M. L. SHADBURN, State Highway Engineer J. H. ARCHER, Assistant Highway Engineer-General Y. W. 8MITH, SR., Assistant Highway Engineer-Federal W. F. ABERCROMBIE, State Highway Materials Engineer R. E. ADAMS, State Highzvay Right-of-Way Engineer S. P. ALLISON, Urban Engineer C, N. CROCKER, State Highzcay Bridge Engineer C. S. FAIN, State Highway Construction Engineer ROY A. FLYNT, State Hi.!!hway Planning Engineer J. A. KENNEDY, State Road Design Engineer C. W. LEFTWICH, State Highway Maintenance Engineer WARD MATTHEWS, JR.,
Personnel Administrator and Compensation Attorney GEORGE T. McDONALD,
Director, Post Roads Division and Executive Secretary to State Highway Board R. W. McCRUM, State Highway Office Engineer L. W. VERNER, State Highway Location Engineer
DIVISION ENGINEERS W. C. SMITH, JR., Division No. I, Gainesville R. G. RAY, JR., Division No. 2, Augusta J. C. COLLINS, Division No.3, Macon EARL OLSON, Division No. 4, Tifton J. 0. BACON, Division No.5, Savannah

A section of the expressway m Atlanta.

State Highway Department of Georgia Organization Chart
1952

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ATTORNEY GENERAL

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ASSISTANT ATTORNEYS GENERAL

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STATE HIGHWAY DEPARTMENT OF GEORGIA

ORGANIZATION CHART 1952

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PEOPLE

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STATE PERSONNEL BOARD MERIT SYSTEM OF PERSONNEL
ADMINISTRATION

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EXECUTIVE SECRETARY TO STATE HIGHWAY BOARD

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STATE HIGHWAY ENGINEER

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TREASURER

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ASSISTANT HIGHWAY ENGINEER-GENERAL ASSISTANT HIGHWAY ENGINEER-FEDERAL

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DOCUMENTS RECORDER

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DIVISION OF BRIDGES STATE HIGHWAY BRIDGE ENGINEER

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I"'"'""'""'_,._..,,I STATE HIGHWAY RIGHT-OF-WAY ENGINEER

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POST ROADS DIVISION

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DIRECTOR

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DIVISION OF CONTRACTS AND

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OFFICE MANAGEMENT STATE HIGHWAY OFFICE ENGINEER

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DIVISION OF FINANCE AND AUDITS (TREASURER}
FISCAL OFFICER

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DIVISION OF UHBAN PROJECTS
URBAN ENGINEER

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HIGHWAY PLANNING ENGINEER

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ROAD DESIGN

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ENGINEERS

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BRIDGE ENGINEERS

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STATE HWY MATEiliALS ENGINEER

DIVISION OF CONSTRUCTION

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AND SURVEYS

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ENGINEERING ADMINISTRAT!VE

HWY. OFFICE ENGINEER

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HWY OFFICE ENGINEER

COMPENSATION ATTY. PERSoNNEL ASSISTANT

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HIGHWAY ACCOUNTS

AIDES

AIDE

ENGINEERING AUDITORS

CLERICAL

CLERICAL

EXECUTIVE

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HIGHWAY ACCOUNTS
EXECUTIVE

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ENGINEERS

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DRAFTSMEN

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ASST 1-1WY PLANNING ENG TRAFFIC INVESTIGATORS

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BRIDGE DESIGNERS
BRI~~~F~~~A~~ERS

SOUNDING

DRAFTSMEN

TRACERS

OUTFIT

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CONSTRUCTION

ENGINEERS

STATE 1-1\GHWAY LOCATION ENGINEER

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SENIOR

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STOREKEEPER

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CLERKS

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AND SIGNS

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ASST' "H"WY' "PLsANuN'VINGn ENG
FIELD TRAFFIC ENGINEER

ROAD LIFE ANALYSTS

TRAFFIC RECORDERS

J MAHR<.CS TEST
'"'""'J ENGINEERS

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I""".., '"' ""' I PHOTOGRAMMETIST

BUILDING

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MAINTENANCE SUPERVISOR

f~ "'" J TELEPHONE COCPEERRKATOR">

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AUDITORS BOOKKEEPERS

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TIRES AND BATTERIES

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HIGHWAY ENGINEER

HWY MAPPING ENGINEERS

HWY MAPPING ASSISTANTS

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FISCAL ANALYST
SENIOR ACCOUNTANT

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' "A'N"D 0S'TA"TI" ST'IC"S" TABULATING SUPERVISOR
TABULATING EQUIPMENT
OPERATORS

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FIVE FIELD DIVISIONS DIVISION ENGINEER

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ENGINEERING AUDITORS ACCOUNTANTS CLERICAL

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OFFICE MAN.IGER

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HIGHWAAY"'EN'G"IN"E'ER"S- "

ENGINEERING AlOES

SENIOR ENGINEERING AlOES

ENGINEERING AIDES

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HIGHWAY ENGINEER

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,}!1i.:::f~-' ....~PROVED

SPECIAL

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MAINTENANCE OUTFITS

HIGHWAY MAINTENANCE ASSISTANTS

MECHA .. ICS

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APPROVf.D

SlATlHIGHr8~0,

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}URMAN

PATROLMEN

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SIGN FOREMEN EQUIPMENT OPERATORS
LABORERS

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)MitiBER
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MEMBER

DRAWN BY DIVISION OF HIGHWAY PLANNING, JUNE 19S~

T ypical section of the fou r-lane, di vided highway between Marietta and Cartersville. Stat e Route 3 ( U.S. 41 ).

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STATE
HIGHWAY DEPARTMENT or
0 GEORGI.4.
COUNTIES AND CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICTS

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FIRST CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT:-Bryan, Bulloch, Bu'rke, Candler, Chatham, Effingham, Emanuel, Evans, Jenkins, Liberty, Long, Mcintosh, Montgomery, Screven, Tattnall, Toombs, Treutlen, Wheeler.
SECOND CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT:-Baker, Brooks, Calhoun, C'olquitt, Decatur, Dougherty, Early, Grady, Miller, Mitchell, Seminole, Thomas, Tift, Worth.
THIRD CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT:-Ben Hill, Chattahoochee, C'lay, Crisp, Dodge, Dooly, Harris, Houston, Lee, Macon, Marion, Muscogee, Peach, Pulaski, Quitman, Randolph, Schley, Stewart, Sumter, Taylor, Terrell, Turner, Webster, Wilcox.
FOURTH CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT:-Butts, Carroll, Clayton, Coweta, Fayette, Heard, Henry, Lamar, Meriwether, Newton, Pike, Spalding, Talbot, Troup, Upson.
FIFTH CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT:-DeKalh, Fulton, Rockdale.
SIXTH CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT:-Baldwin, Bibb, Bleckley, Crawford, Glascock, Hancock, Jasper, Jefferson, Johnson, Jones, Laurens, Monroe, Putnam, Twiggs, Washington, Wilkinson.
SEVENTH CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT:-Bartow, Catoosa, Chattooga, Cobb, Dade, Douglas, Floyd, Gordon, Haralson, Murray, Paulding, Polk, Walker, Whitfield.
EIGHTH CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT:-Appling, Atkinson, Bacon, Berrien, Brantley, Camden, Charlton, Clinch, Coffee, C'ook, Echols, Glynn, Irwin, Jeff Davis, Lanier, Lowndes, Pierce, Telfair, Ware, Wayne.
NINTH CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT:-Banks, Barrow, Cherokee, Dawson, Fannin, Forsyth, Gilmer, Gwinnett, Habersham, Hall, Jackson, Lumpkin, Pickens, Rabun, Stephens, Towns~ Union, White.
TENTH CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT:-Clarke, Columbia, Elbert, Franklin, Greene, Hart, Lincoln, Madison, McDuffie, Morgan, Oconee, Oglethorpe, Richmond, Taliaferro, Walton, Warren, Wilkes.

Twenty-Fourth Report, State Highway Department of Georgia 9
STATE HIGHWAY DEPARTMENT
or
OEORGEA
COUNTIES AND HIGHWAY DISTRICTS
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SOUTHERN HIGHWAY DISTRICT First, Second and Eighth Congressional Districts
CENTRAL HIGHWAY DISTRICT Third, Fourth. Sixth and Tenth Congressional Districts
NORTHERN HIGHWAY DISTRICT Fifth, Seventh and Ninth Congressional Districts

This picturesque but inadequate bridge over Broad R iver at the Elbert-Madison county line zs being re placed by a structure of modern design.

Twenty-Fourth Report, State Highway Department of Georgia 11
History of the Organization of the Highway Department
The, State Highway Department of Georgia was created by Act of the General Assembly, August 16, 1916, and a Highway Commission was appointed. This Commission was composed of the three members of the Prison Commission, together with the State Geologist, the Dean of the College of Civil Engineering of the University of Georgia, and the Professor of Highway Engineering at the Georgia School of Technology.
The original Highway Commission consisted of the following members:
T. E. PATTERSON, Chairman, Member of Prison Commission
E. L. RAINEY, Member of Prison Commission J. E. DAVIDSON, Member of Prison Commission S. W. McCALLIE, State Geologist C. M. STRAHAN, Professor of Civil Engineering, University of Georgia. R. D. KNEALE, Professor of Civil Engineering, Georgia School of Technology. This Commission served until the reorganization of the Highway Department by Act of the General Assembly, approved August 18, 1919.
State Highway Board Created
This Act of 1919 provided that the State Highway Department of Georgia, reorganized and reconstructed, should be managed and controlled by the State Highway Board, which should consist of three members appointed by the Governor, one from each of the three divisions of the State. The boundaries of each division were set out. The term of office of initial appointees was to be two, four and six years, respectively, after which each new member was to serve six years. This form of control existed from 1919 until the reorganization of the Highway Department by Act of the General Assembly, approved March 17, 1943.

12 Twenty-Fourth Report, State Highway Department of Georgia
Reorganization of 1943
The General Assembly of 1943 passed an Act abolishing the State Highway Board, creating instead a State Highway Department under a State Highway Director, a State Highway Commission, and a Treasurer of the State Highway Department. All of these officers were appointed by the Governor and confirmed by the Senate. The State Highway Director and Treasurer of the State Highway Department served at the pleasure of the Governor. The State Highway Commissioners were appointed for a term of four years, to be concurrent with the term of the Governor. One Commissioner was appointed from each of the ten Congressional Districts and two from the State at Large. One member of the 8tate Highway Commission was designated by the Governor to be Chairman, one member was designated as Vice-Chairman and another as Secretary.
Present Organization
The Act of March 17, 1943, was repealed by an Act of the General Assembly, approved February 2, 1950 (Act No. 536, Senate Bill No. 34, Georgia Laws 1950, pp. 62-72) and a further reorganization of the State Highway Department was effected. The 1950 Act abolished the State Highway Commission and the position of State Highway Director, and created a State Highway Board, composed of three members, who are full-time officers. The first three members were elected by the General Assembly; one from the Southern Highway District, composed of the First, Second and Eighth Congressional Districts; one from the Central Highway District, composed of the Third, Fourth, Sixth and Tenth Congressional Districts; and one from the Northern Highway District, composed of the Fifth, Seventh and Ninth Congressional Districts. The 1950 Act as amended by an Act approved February 5, 1951 (Act No. 56, Senate Bill No. 1, Georgia Laws 1951, pp. 31-41) provides that future members shall be elected by a majority vote of the entire General Assembly. Vacancies occurring when the General Assembly is not in session shall be filled by the Governor until the next meeting of the General Assembly, by appointment of a resident of the same Highway District to serve until the meeting of and election by members of the

Twenty-Fourth Report, State Highway Department of Georgia 13
General Assembly at its next session, in the same manner as members are elected for a regular term, to fill the unexpired term.
The first member from the Southern Highway District was elected for a term of six years; the first member from the Central Highway District was elected for a term of four years; and the first member from the Northern Highway District was elected for a term of two years. Thereafter, the terms of the members shall be six years, each dating from the expiration of the first terms, or from a subsequent six-year term. There shall always be one member from each of the three Highway Districts. Biennially, one of the members is elected as Chairman by a majority vote of the Board members present.
The 1950 Act provides that the Treasurer of the State Highway Department shall be appointed by a majority of the State Highway Board to serve at the pleasure of the Board.
The appointments to the State Highway Board under the Act of 1919, the appointments to the State Highway Commission under the Act of 1943, and the members elected to the State Highway Board under the Act of 1950 are shown in the tabulations on the succeeding pages.

Bridge oveT Little R iver and Clark Hill reservoir, on State Route 47, at Columbia-Lincoln county line. The bridae has four continuous steel truss spans, the floor is approximately 140 feet above foundations, and the total length of brid ae is 720 feet. Project SA P 96 1 (3).

Members of State Highway Board of Georgia
1919 - 1943

N arne of Member ~--._T_~_t_le___/____A_p_p_o_i_n_te_d_B_Y__ __ T_e_r_m_B_e_g_a_n__ __ T_e_r_m_E_n_d_e_d~I------R_e_m_a_r_k_s____~

1

C. M. Strahan.

.. iCha1rman .. Governor Dorsey

Stanley S. Bennet ....... ~Member.

Governor Dorsey

1

1

Sept. 1, 1919. Dec. 31, 1921 .... Expiration of initial 2-year term.

Sept. 1, 1919 Dec. 31, 1923 Expiration of initial 4-year term.

R. C. Neely.

.. Member

Governor Dorsey

Sept. 1, 1919 Oct. 27, 1923 .... Died in Office.

John N. Holder ...... Chairman.

Governor Hardwick ..... Jan. 1, 1922 ..... June 2, 1929 ...... Succeeded C. M. Strahan.

W. T. Anderson

Member

... Governor Walker ... Nov. 1, 1923 ... July, 1925 . . Succeeded R. C. Neely.

Stanley S. Bennet ......... Member

. Governor Walker

Jan. 1, 1924 ...... Dec. 31, 1929 ..... Reappointed.

John R. Phillips ........... Member. . .. Governor Walker

Aug. 1925 . Dec. 31, 1931... Succeeded W. T. Anderson.

Sam Tate

Chairman.

Governor Hardman June 4, 1929 .... April 1, 1930 .... Succeeded John N. Holder.

W. C. Vereen ........ Member
J. W. Barnett ............... Chairman

Governor Hardman Governor Hardman

Jan. 1, 1930 ... June 19, 1933 ..... Succeeded Stanley S. Bennet. April 1, 1930 .... June 19, 1933 ..... Succeeded Sam Tate.

J. P. Wilhoit

Member ....... Governor Russell ... Jan. 1, 1932 .... June 19, 1933 ..... Succeeded John R. Phillips.

]. P. Wilhoit.

. Officer-in-Chg... Gov. Eugene Talmadge June 19, 1933 July 20, 1933 Appointed Officer-in-Charge.

J. ]. Mangham ............. Chairman.

Gov. Eugene Talmadge July 20, 1933 .... Nov. 21, 1933 ... Succeeded ]. W. Barnett.

W. E. Wilburn

.... Member

Gov. Eugene Talmadge July 20, 1933 Nov. 21, 1933 ... Succeeded ]. P. Wilhoit.

Max L. McRae.

Member

Gov. Eugene Talmadge July 20, 1933 ... Jan. 13, 1937 ..... Succeeded W. C. Vereen.

W. E. Wilburn

Chairman.

Gov. Eugene Talmadge Nov. 21, 1933 Jan. 25, 1937 ..... Appointed Chairman.

John A. Heck ............... Member

... Gov. Eugene Talmadge Nov. 21, 1933.. Dec. 31, 1933.... Succeeded ]. ]. Mangham.

John A. Heck .............. Member

. Gov. Eugene Talmadge Jan. 1, 1934 .... Mar. 1, 1937 .... Reappointed.

Jim L. Gillis, Sr. ........ Member

Governor Rivers

Jan. 25, 1937 April 19, 1940 ... Succeeded W. E. Wilburn.

Herman H. Watson ... Member

... Governor Rivers ... Mar. 3, 1937 ..... Dec. 2, 1939.... Succeeded John A. Heck.

W. L. Miller.

.. Member

. Governor Rivers ... Jan. 13, 1937 .... Jan. 14, 1941 .... Succeeded Max L. McRae.

W. L. Miller.

.. Chairman.

Governor Rivers ... Jan. 25, 1937 ..... Jan. 14, 1941 ..... Appointed Chairman.

L. L. Patten.

.. Member

. Governor Rivers .... Dec. 2, 1939 ...... Jan. 14, 1941 ... Succeeded Herman H. Watson.

Herman H. Watson .... Member ..... Governor Rivers

Dec. 2, 1939 ...... Jan. 14, 1941 .. Succeeded Jim L. Gillis, Sr.

W. E. Wilburn

~Chairman

Gov. Eugene Talmadge Jan. 14, 1941 .... Jan. 12, 1943 .. Succeeded W. L. Miller.

S. E. Vandiver .... Member ...... Gov. Eugene Talmadge Jan. 14, 1941 ..... Jan. 12, 1943 ..... Succeeded Herman H. Watson.

T. G. Tyson. ........... Member . . Gov. Eugene Talmadge Jan. 14, 1941 ... Jan. 12, 1943 ...... Succeeded L. L. Patten.

~fembers of State Highway Commission
1943 - 1950

Name of Member

Title

Congressional District

Appointed By

Term Began
I

Term Ended

Remarks

]. ]. Bouhan

-------- Member

First

Governor Arnall

April 21, 1943 .. Jan. 18, 1947

L. Roy Robinson.

Member

Second

Governor Arnall

April 21, 1943. Jan. 18, 1947

Sims Garrett, Jr. -------- Vice-Chairman Third

Governor Arnall

April 21, 1943 .. Jan. 18, 1947

Judson ]. Milam

Member

Fourth.

Governor Arnall

April 21, 1943 .. Jan. 18, 1947

Hugh Burgess --------------- Member.

17 i f t h

Governor Arnall

April 21, 1943 .. Jan. 18, 1947

Frank A. Dennis --------- Member

Sixth.

Governor Arnall. . April 21, 1943. Dec. 31, 1944 Died Ill Office.

Mrs. Frank A. Dennis.. Member.

Sixth

Governor Arnall

Jan. 18, 1945 ..... Jan. 18, 1947 Succeeded F. A. Den-

Penn Selii\an................ Member.

Seventh.

Governor Arnall

April 21, 1943 Jan. 18, 1947 ms

Lonnie A. Pope

---- Secretary..

Eighth

Governor Arnall -------- April 21, 1943 .. Jan. 18, 1947

Steve C. Tate ............... Chairman ... Ninth

Governor Arnall

April 21, 1943 ... Jan. 18, 1947

]. Knox Gholston ........ Member ------------ Tenth.

Governor Arnall

April 21, 1943 Jan. 18, 1947

Wyck Knox

... Member

.... State at Large Governor Arnall

April 21, 1943 Jan. 18, 1947

Maurice w. Tift .... Member. .... ... ,Sm<c "' Lug< Governor Arnall

April 21, 1943 . fan. 18, 1947

Willard H. Lariscy . Member. ... First

Governor Thompson March 21, 1947 Nov. 18, 1948

Leon Houston ............... Member
w. Gerue Dunn ........... Member

........ Second ............ ........ Third ..............

Governor Thompson Governor Thompson

March 21' 1947 Nov. 18, 19481 March 21, 1947 Nov. 18, 1948

Judson ]. Milam ........... Chairman ......... Fourth.

. Governor Thompson March 21, 1947 Nov. 18, 1948.

C. R. Vaughn ....... _Member ------------ Fifth

Governor Thompson

J. David Dyer.

Member Sixth --

------------

--------------- Governor Thompson

A. E. Young ------------ --- Secretary.. -------- Seventh.

Governor Thompson

March 21, 1947 Nov. 18, 1948 March 21' 1947 Nov. 18, 1948 March 21, 1947 Nov. 18, 1948

George M. Bazemore .. Member..

. Eighth. -------- Governor Thompson March 21, 1947 Nov. 18, 1948

Mose W. Gordon

Vice-Chairman . Ninth

. Governor Thompson March 21, 1947 Nov. 18, 1948

Furman D. Smith, Sr. . Member ------------ Tenth
Maurice w. Tift .........,Member ------------ State at Large

Governor Thompson Governor Thompson

March 21' 1947 Nov. 18, 1948 March 21, 1947 Nov. 18, 1948

L. Roy Robinson __________ IMember. ...... State at Large .. Governor Thompson March 21, 1947 Nov. 18, 1948

Members of State Highway Commission-Continued
1943 - 1950

Name of Member

Title

Congressional District

Appointed by

I
I Term Began Term Ended

J. E. Parker

.. Member

w. Frank Tyson . Member

First. Gov. ----------- Herman E . Talmadge

. ... Second

Gov. Herman E. Talmadge

Dixon Oxford

. Chairman

Third.

. Gov. Herman E. Talmadge

Tom Steele ------ ------- Member

... Fourth

Gov. Herman E. Talmadge

Henry McCalla . Member..

Fifth.

.... Gov. Herman E. Talmadge

Marvin E. Moate ... Member..

. Sixth

Gov. Herman E. Talmadge

C. L. Moss --.----------- Vice-Chairman Seventh.

Gov. Herman E. Talmadge

John B. Walker ------- Member

----- Eighth

Gov. Herman E. Talmadge

John E. Quillian .. Member ----------- Ninth ..

Gov. Herman E. Talmadge

]. J. McLanahan. . Secretary . .. Tenth.

. Gov. Herman E . Talmadge

A. w. Smith.

Member.

. State at Large .. Gov. Herman E. Talmadge

Frank G. Binford. Member ------ State at Large Gov. Herman E. Talmadge

Nov. 18, 1948 Feb. 2, 1950 Nov. 18, 1948 Feb. 2, 1950 Nov. 18, 1948 Feb. 2, 1950 Nov. 18, 1948 Feb. 2, 1950 Nov. 18, 1948 Feb. 2, 1950 Nov. 18, 1948 Feb. 2, 1950 Nov. 18, 1948 Feb. 2, 1950 Nov. 18, 1948 Feb. 2, 1950 Nov. 18, 1948 Feb. 2, 1950 Nov. 18, 1948 Feb. 2, 1950 Dec. 2, 1948 Feb. 2, 1950 March 28, 1949 Feb. 2, 1950

Remarks

State Highway Directors
1943 - 1950

Name

Title

Appointed By

Term Began

1
Term Ended

--------------1--------------1------------ -------- --------

Ryburn G. Clay _ _

_ Executive Officer-in-Charge_ Governor Arnall

1
Jan. 12, 1943 ___ April 21, 1943

Ryburn G. Clay _ _ _ _ _IDirector.

__ Governor Arnall

. ___ April 21, 1943

Oct. 5, 1945

George T. McDonald _ _ _ Engineer-Director

Governor Arnall

___ Oct. 5, 1945

Jan. 18, 1947

W. R. Neel_

_____ Director_

_____ Governor Thompson ___ Jan. 18, 1947

March 20, 1947

John C. Beasley ________ Director

Governor Thompson_

March 20, 1947 June 4, 1948

W. R. Neel

Engineer-Director __ _

_ Governor Thompson

June 4, 1948

Sept. 13, 1948

.fohn C. Beasley _

________ Director

___________________________ Governor Thompson _______________ Sept. 13, 1948 _ Nov. 17. 1948

Jim L. Gillis, Sr.____ ______ Director_ ___ ________________ Gov. Herman E. Talmadge_ Nov. 17, 1948 _ Feb. 2,.1950

Members of State Highway Board of Georgia
1950 - 1952

Name of Member

Highway District

Term Began

Term Ended

John E. Quillian ---------------- Northern

Jim L. Gillis, Sr. Southern. ---------------

Dixon Oxford Central. -----------------------

John E. Quillian.

----- Northern.

----- Feb. 2, 1950-

Feb. 2, 1952.

------------------------ Feb. 2, 1950 Still --------- Ill office

---------------- .. Feb. 2, 1950.

Still Ill office.

__ Feb. 2, 1952 ..

Still Ill office.

Remarks
--
Reelected.
Elected Chairman 1950 and 1952.

Equipment used by Stat e maintenance fo rces in building shoulders and slopes.

State Highway Engineers
1919 - 1952

Name

Term Began

Term Ended

Remarks

W. R. Nee!.

Sept. I, 1919

............... March 1, 1930

B. P. MeWhorter ................ March 1, 1930 ....................... June 20, 1933 .

M. E. Cox

....... June 20, 1933.

..... Sept. 28, 1934.

H. E. Newton

.... Sept. 28, 1934

.......... Feb. 1, 1937

E. Jack Smith.

..... Feb. 1, 1937..

. .. July 14, 1937

E. A. Stanley.

.... July 14, 1937..

......... Oct. 16, 1938.

W. B. Brantley. ............ Oct. 16, 1938 .......................... April 1, 1940

W. R. Nee! ................... April 1, 1940 ............................ May 24, 1941

M. L. Shadburn ................ May 24, 1941 .......................... April 21, 1943.

George T. McDonald ......... April 21, 1943 ........................ Jan. 18, 1947 ...............

Engineer-Director 10-5-1945 to 1-18-1947.

W. R. Nee!

..

_March 20, 1947 ----------Nov. 17, 1948. ................ Engineer-Director 6-4-1948 to 9-13-1948.

M. L. Shadburn --------Nov. 17, 1948.

... Still in office June 30, 1952

Th e Atlanta expressway at ni oht.

Twenty-Fourth Report, State Highway Department of Georgia 23
Administrative Division
JIM L. GILLIS, SR., Chairman, State Highway Board DIXON OXFORD, Member, State Highway Board JOHN E. QUILLIAN, Member, State Highway Board M. L. SHADBURN, State Highway En{!,ineer
The members of the State Highway Board are elected by the General Assembly, as outlined in the preceding section of this report. Under the law, the State Highway Board is charged with the management and control of the State Highway Department, the State Highway System of roads and bridges, and the State Highway funds. The Board determines the policies of the Highway Department, approves the program of projects selected for improvement, executes all contracts, approves the employment of personnel, and authorizes the expenditure of funds.
Contracts Let
During this biennium, contracts were let for the improvement of 3,299 miles of roadway and the construction of 217 bridges at a total cost of nearly $60 million. These contracts covered 616 miles of grading, 374 miles of grading and base, 281 miles of base, 1,601 miles of bituminous surfacing, 397 miles of reseal and resurfacing, 29 miles of concrete pavement, nine underpass structures, and 65 grade crossing signals. The total length of bridges was 5.7 miles. In addition to the work let to contract, the State Maintenance Forces completed 1,716 miles of bituminous surfacing, making a total of 5,015 miles of road improvements made during the two years.
State Highway System
Act No. 536 of the General Assembly, approved February 2, 1950, grants authority to the State Highway Board to substitute, relocate, and abandon any part of the State Highway System in building new roads or bridges, or in improving roads or bridges on the State Highway System, keeping in view only the control points. Under the authority of this Act, the mileage of the State Highway System was decreased by 26.3 miles

24 Twenty-Fourth Report, State Highway Department of Georgia

during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1951, and increased by 53.3 miles during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1952. The mileage of the State Highway System as of June 30, 1952, was 15,228.9 miles, of which 11,143.8 miles were paved and 4,085.1 miles were unpaved.
A tabulation of the mileage of the State Highway System by types is given below and a list showing the mileage in each county appears elsewhere in this report. The mileage of bridges and grade separation structures as of June 30, 1952, was 118.7 miles. These have been classified as to surface type and are included in the mileage figures listed below.

MILEAGE OF STATE HIGHWAY SYSTEM

Type of Surface

June 30, 1950

Plain Earth ____

-------------------- 4,402.8

Top Soil and Sand Clay _______ ________ 481.7

Gravel and Stone _________________

146.1

Bituminous Surface Treatment ____ 4,224.9

Penetration Macadam ________________ 1,887.1

Bituminous Concrete _______ _____

1,999.9

Portland Cement Concrete ___________ 2,022.5

Brick and Block ------------------------------ 25.2

Dual Type -------------------------------------- 11.7

Total ________________________________________ 15,201.9

June 30, 1951
2,632.1 1,335.6
498.7 5,029.8 1,604.3 1,969.0 2,068.3
26.1 11.7
15,175.6

June 30, 1952
2,462.6 1,211. 7
410.8 5,357.8 1,614.5 2,105.7 2,040.4
25.4
--------------
15,228.9

Engineering 0 perations
The State Highway Engineer is the chief engineering officer of the Highway Department and is responsible directly to the State Highway Board. He directs and supervises, through the various division heads and the field division engineers, the planning, location, design, construction, and maintenance of all roads and bridges on the State Highway System, as well as the construction of Post Roads. He directs the selection and assignment of engineering personnel, and establishes the policies and procedures to be followed in the training of graduate civil engineers.
His staff includes two Assistant Highway Engineers. One is assigned to general work and one to Federal-aid work. The

Twenty-Fourth Report, State Highway Department of Georgia 25
latter maintains liasion with the Bureau of Public Roads and assists in coordinating the various activities involved in the Federal-aid Highway program.
The State Highway Board, the State Highway Engineer, and the heads of the various divisions cooperate closely with the representatives of the Bureau of Public Roads in all matters concerning the Federal-aid Highway program. A brief description of the functions and organization of the Bureau of Public Roads is given in the following section of this report.

Parallel brid aes providing four traffic lanes over N. C. and St. L. Railway near Emerson on Stat e Route 3 ( U. S . 41 ) . Th e highway will be extended north ward from ends of bridges in upper part of pictu re. Project FI-484 (3), Cont ract 2.

__... ,..,
Another view of parallel bridges described on the opposite page.

28 Twenty-Fmt1'th Report, State Highway Department of Georgia
U. S. Bureau of Public Roads
The Bureau of Public Roads, of the Department of Commerce, is responsible for the expenditure of Federal funds on highways. The national organization, headed by the Commissioner of Public Roads, is located in Washington. The Division Office, through which the work in Georgia and six other southeastern states is cleared, is in charge of B. P. McWhorter, Di'7ision Engineer, at Peachtree-Seventh Building, Atlanta.
District Office
The activities for the State of Georgia are under the direction of J. S. Call, District Engineer, whose office is located at 125 Ivy Street, N. E., Atlanta. The Bureau of Public Roads maintains close cooperation with the State Highway Department on all matters pertaining to review and approval of Federal-aid projects on the Federal-aid Primary, Urban and Secondary Highway Systems.
The district office staff is as follows:
J. S. Call, District Engineer Wm. M. Danielson, Programs and Planning B. A. Scott, Design J. A. Temple, Construction and Maintenance Wilbur B. King, Bridge Engineer John T. Little, Administration
Highway Engineers
Hugh L. Chamberlain Herman L. Gaines Thomas P. Griffin L. Silas Moore Henry P. Parrish M. D. Stanley 0. B. Walker
These trained engineers and specialists advise with State Highway Department engineers on details in connection with route locations, surveys, design, construction and maintenance

Twenty-Fonrth Report, State Highway Department of Georgia 29
of Federal-aid projects. Frequent inspections are made of construction work and the maintenance condition of all projects involving Federal participation.
The basic facts developed through cooperative traffic, engineering and economic studies by the Division of Highway Planning and the Bureau of Public Roads are utilized in the preparation and review of highway programs, designation of Primary, Urban and Secondary Highway Systems, and to determine priorities and type of highway improvements.
History of Organization
This agency was created in 1893 as the Office of Road Inquiry in the Department of Agriculture and later the name was changed to Bureau of Public Roads. Under Federal Reorganization Plan No. 1, the personnel and functions of the Bureau of Public Roads were transferred to the Federal Works Agency and the name of the organization was changed to Public Roads Administration, effective July 1, 1939.
Under Reorganization Plan No. 7, effective August 20, l 949, the Public Roads Administration was transferred to the Department of Commerce and the organization was given again the name of Bureau of Public Roads.
The Highway Department desires to express its sincere appreciation for the cooperation and services rendered by the Bureau of Public Roads.

60

.,

v

00 45 40

I

v !

J
v i

i
I

"'a: 35
<l ..J ..J 0 0 30

/

~

\
\

i
I

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i
I

\

!

\ ~"

"0
/ ~ j_ Vl / "'z 25
-, !:!
..J
,. ""....."..'. v ..J
:E
... ~v 20
',-, 15

~
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j.oo ...... _J

ROAO-USER REVENUE

~',

I

'~
I I

~~
~~~

APPROPRIATIONS FOR ROAD PURPOSES -, ..,

,' v ii

I'

10

5

0 1937

1938

1939

1940

1941

1942

1943

1944

1945

CALENDAR YEAR

1946

1947

1948

1949

1950

1951

A tabulation of the road-user revenue and appropriations for road purposes appears on the opposite page.

ROAD-USER REVENUE COLLECTED BY STATE OF GEORGIA AND APPROPRIATIONS FOR ROAD PURPOSES 1937 - 1951

Calendar Year

Motor-Fuel Tax

I
1937 1938 1939 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 1946 1947 1948 1949 1950 1951

$19,550,144 19,630,315 21,046,637 22,802,364 26,048,632 21,539,607 18,181,984
20,231,665 23,173,083
30,964,547 34,620,424 36,529,630 41,600,658 51,087,455 52,596,610

Totals $439,603,755

ROAD-USER REVENUE

Motor-Vehicle ! Registration
Fees

Total Road-User Revenue

I

APPROPRIATIONS FOR ROAD PURPOSES

I

Payments to

Payments to

Total

State Highway

Counties

Appropriations for

Department

for Roads

Road Purposes
-----

$1,303,956 1,653,713 1,883,117 2,044,372 2,226,150 2,228,699 2,227,164 2,374,501 2,547,921 2,897,807 3,409,971 3,276,965 3,794,594 4,371,044 4,789,069

$20,854,100 21,284,028 22,929,754 24,846,736 28,274,782 23,768,306 20,409,148
' 22,606,166 25,721,004 33,862,354
I 38,030,395
39,806,595 45,395,252 55,458,499 57,385,679

$ 7,953,547 13,980,195 15,278,123 16,585,235 18,485,761 16,225,581 11,107,802
10,259,028 14,444,957 25,414,954 18,344,134 39,823,877
24,480,165 27,416,711 41,705,696

$3,153,237 3,420,343 3,364,984 3,954,484 4,190,140 4,393, 721 4,300,000 4,300,000 4,558,503 4,817,013 4,817,013 4,817,013 4,817,013 4,817,013 7,067,013

$11,106,784 17,400,538 18,643,107 20,539,719 22,675,901 20,619,302 15,407,802 14,559,028 19,003,460 30,231,967 23,161,147 44,640,890 29,297,178 32,233,724 48,772,709

$41,029,043

$480,632,798

$301,505,766

$66,78 7,490

$368,293,256

32 Twenty-Fowth R epo1t , tate High way Depa1tment of' Georgia
T op, old brid ae over Alapaha R iver, on State R oute 35 ( U . S . 3 19) , between Tifton and Ocilla. Bottom, new brid ae constructed under Project F-036- 1 (2).

r--
Twenty-Fourth Report, State Highway Department of Georgia 33
The Federal-Aid Highway Program
The Federal-Aid Road Act of July 11, 1916, launched the Federal Government on a nation-wide cooperative plan of highway improvement. A vital feature of this first Act was that the Federal Government was "-authorized to cooperate with the States through their respective State highway departments-."
The Federal Highway Act of 1921 provided for the selection of the Federal-aid Highway System and a continuation of the cooperative Federal-aid plan with initiative in the selection of projects resting with the State highway departments. In the years between 1921 and 1950 there were a number of perfecting amendments which strengthened the legislation and facilitated the highway program. One of these changes provided for Federal participation in the cost of surveys and plans and right-of-way. Another amendment, recognizing the hazards to life and impediments to highway traffic existing at railway grade crossings, authorized the use of Federalaid funds to the extent of 100 per cent of the construction costs for the elimination or protection of such crossings.
Diversion of Road-User Revenue
Another amendment expressed the policy that all road-user revenues should be used for highway purposes and provided that the apportionment of Federal funds to each State would be subject to reduction because of diversion to other than highway purposes of road-user revenues. Section 12 of the Hayden-Cartwright Act of June 18, 1934, (48 Stat. 995) reads as follows:
"Since it is unfair and unjust to tax motor-vehicle transportation unless the proceeds of such taxation are applied to the construction, improvement, or maintenance of highways, after June 30, 1935, Federal aid for highway construction shall be extended only to those States that use at least the amounts now provided by law for such purpose in each State from motor-vehicle registration fees, licenses, gasoline taxes, and other special taxes on motor-vehicle

34 Twenty-Fourth Report, State Highway Departrnent of Georgia
owners and operators of all kinds for the construction, improvement, and maintenance of highways and administrative expenses in connection therewith, including the retirement of bonds for the payment of which such revenues have been pledged, and for no other purposes, under such regulations as the Secretary of Agriculture shall promulgate from time to time; Provided, That in no case shall the provisions of this section operate to deprive any State of more than one-third of the amount to which that State would be entitled under any apportionment hereafter made, for the fiscal year for which the apportionment is made."
Highway Planning
Another important change in the Federal-Aid Highway Act was the provision first carried in Section 11 of the HaydenCartwright Act of June 18, 1934, authorizing the use of 1% per cent of the Federal-aid apportionment to any State for engineering and economic:: studies for advance planning. Th2 fact-finding studies which were inaugurated under this provision came to be known as State-wide Highway Planning Surveys and are carried on in Georgia by the Division of High~ way Planning. The wisdom of this provision has been amply demonstrated, and the Highway Planning Surveys of the various States are ~ontinuing to provide the information so vital and essential to sound planning.
Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1944
The Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1944 for the first time provided for cooperation with the States in a completely integrated program of highway improvement involving urban as well as primary and secondary rural highways. Under its provision, the following activities were initiated:
1. The selection of a system of principal secondary and feeder roads by the State highway departments in cooperation with the local authorities.
2. The delineation by the State highway departments of urban areas "including and adjacent to a municipality or other urban places of 5,000 or more population" and the

Twenty-Fourth Report, State Highway Department of Georgia 35
selection of an urban highway system on which the urban funds provided by the Act are to be expended.
3. The selection of a National System of Interstate Highways, not exceeding 40,000 miles, to connect the principal metropolitan areas, cities and industrial centers, to serve the national defense and to connect at suitable border points with routes of continental importance in the Dominion of Canada and the Republic of Mexico.
In lieu of the separate authorization formerly provided for railroad grade crossing projects which could be financed 100 per cent from Federal funds, the 1944 Act provided that railway-highway projects may be financed with up to 100 per cent Federal funds from not to exceed ten per cent of the State's total apportionment of Primary, Secondary, and Urban funds. Preliminary engineering and construction engineering costs are eligible for payment from Federal funds in the same manner as construction, whereas costs for right-of-way could be paid one-half from Federal funds on railway-highway projects, financed under the ten per cent limitation, and onethird from Federal funds on regularly financed highway projects. Under the 1950 Federal-Aid Highway Act, onehalf of the costs for right-of-way for all projects may be paid from Federal funds.
Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1950
For the purpose of continuing the construction and reconstruction of highways in accordance with the provisions of the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1944, the National Congress enacted the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1950, which appropriated funds for the fiscal years ending June 30, 1952 and 1953. This Act contains several new or supplementary provisions rell}.ting to secondary highways. Regarding the appropriation for projects on the Federal-aid Secondary System, the Act provides:
"That such funds shall be expended on the secondary and feeder roads, farm-to-market roads, rural mail routes, public school bus routes, local rural roads, county roads, township roads, and roads of the county-road class, with types of construction that can be maintained at reasonable cost to provide

36 Twenty-FoUJth Report, Sta,te Highway Departrnent of Georgia
all-weather service, and the projects for construction shall be selected and the specifications with respect thereto shall be determined by the State highway department and the appropriate local officials in cooperation with each other."
The Act provides that roads constructed in any State using Federal-aid funds in same shall be maintained by the State, and if at any time the Commissioner of Public Roads shall find that any such highway is not being properly maintained, he shall call such fact to the attention of the highway department and if after ninety days such road has not been put in proper condition, further approval of projects in such State shall be withheld.
If any State (such as Georgia) wherein the State highway department has not legal authority to maintain a county road on which a Federal-aid project may be improperly maintained, a formal agreement must have been secured binding the county to do the maintenance work, and in such a case if the county has not corrected the unsatisfactory maintenance condition at the expiration of ninety days, then further approval of projects in such county will be withheld until the condition is corrected.
The Act also provides that any State desiring to avail itself of the benefits of the funds apportioned for expenditure on the Federal-aid Secondary System shall establish in its State highway department a secondary road unit suitably organized to discharge the duties required by the Act. The Commissioner of Public Roads has construed the term "secondary road unit" to mean an administrative and engineering unit functioning within the State highway department organization and charged I?rimarily with the duty of establishing and maintaining cooperation between the State highway department and the counties in the selection of extensions to the Federal-aid Secondary System, in the selection of projects and determination of the specifications for the improvement of projects, and in the supervision of the construction and maintenance of such projects. The Post Roads Division of the State Highway Department of Georgia has effectively and satisfactorily maintained cooperation with the Commissioners of Roads and Revenues of the counties in Georgia for

,-

Twenty-Fourth Report, State Highway Department of Georgia 37

a number of years and the Bureau of Public Roads has approved the organization in Georgia as complying with all provisions of the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1950 relating to secondary highways.
Another new provision makes possible the use of Federalaid funds to retire bonds issued by the 8tates, counties, cities or other political subdivisions where proceeds of such bonds are used to accelerate the construction of toll-free facilities on the National System of Interstate Highways, the Federalaid Primary System or the Urban Highway System, provided the work is done under plans approved in advance by the Commissioner of Public Roads.
The Act also provides that if any plans are submitted involving the by-passing of a city or town, the State Highway Department shall certify to the Commissioner of Public Roads that it has had public hearings and considered the economic effects of such a location.

Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1952

The Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1952, approved June 25, 1952, appropriated for each of the fiscal years ending June 30, 1954 and 1955, the sum of $550 million, as follows:

Federal-aid Primary Funds Federal-aid Secondary Funds Urban Highway Funds

$247,500,000 165,000,000 137,500,000

These amounts are $50 million more than provided in the 1950 Act for the country as a whole. The 1952 Act also appropriated the additional sum of $25 million for each of the above fiscal years for the purpose of expediting the construction, reconstruction and improvement of the National System of Interstate Highways. This is the first appropriation made separately and specifically for the improvement of the Interstate System, and the amount will be apportioned among the several States in the same manner as the Federal-aid Primary funds.

Defense Access-Road Funds
The Federal-Aid Highway Acts of 1950 and 1952 appropriated the sums of $10 million and $50 million, respectively,

38 Twenty-Fourth Report, State Highway Department of Georgia
for the construction, maintenance and improvement of access roads (including bridges thereon) to military and naval reservations, to defense industries and defense-industry sites, and to the sources of raw materials when such roads are certified to the Secretary of Commerce as important to the national defense by the Secretary of Defense.
Under the policy established by the Commissioner of Public Roads, roads within the limits of military reservations are ineligible for improvement with access-road funds. Also, the justification for access-road financing should be based upon whether the "defense" traffic for which the improvement is needed is a part of the regular continuing highway traffic or whether it is new traffic of temporary duration for the period of the emergency. Access-road projects will normally be recommended by the Bureau of Public Roads only when the increment of traffic of temporary duration is sufficient to justify improvement.
The State is not required to match access-road funds, but for all access-road projects located on the Federal-aid Primary System, participation with the Federal portion of regular Primary funds is considered essential.
During the fiscal year ending June 30, 1952, access-road funds were approved for three Georgia projects in the amount of $1,758,000.
Post-War Federal-Aid Apportionments
The apportionments to Georgia under the Federal-Aid Highway Acts of 1944, 1948 and 1950 were as follows:

Fiscal Year
19461947 1948 19501951 1952 1953

Primary Funds

Secondary Funds

Urban Funds

Total For Year

- - $5,648,564 5,644,683 5,571,736 5,026,124 5,017,556 5,535,806 5,491,196

$4,310,453 4,307,866 4,252,241 3,834,698 3,828,985 4,224,971 4,190,994

$1,622,008 1,622,008 1,601,213 1,441,091 1,441,091 1,778,042 1,764,294

$11,581,025 11,574,557 11,425,190 10,301,913 10,287,632 11,538,819 11,446,484

It is required that the State match these funds on a 50-50 basis, with the exception of ten per cent of the apportionment

Twenty-Fourth Report, State Highway Department of Georgia 39
which may be expended on railway-highway projects without State matching.
The funds for the fiscal years 1946, 1947 and 1948 were made available for a period of three years and the funds for the fiscal years 1950 through 1953 for a period of two years after the close of the fiscal year for which authorized. However, any of the funds apportioned for the fiscal years through 1951 may be combined in determining the extent to which the funds are protected, so that all funds for the fiscal years 1946 through 1951 must be expended by June 30, 1953, to prevent lapse. Also, the 1952 and 1953 funds may be combined, making the funds for these two fiscal years available until June 30, 1955. The funds are deemed to have been expended when placed under formal project agreement; i. e. 2.fter bids have been opened and the Bureau of Public Roads has concurred in the award of the contract, and the project agreement has been executed by the State Highway Department and the Bureau of Public Roads.
Basis of Apportionments
The Federal-aid Primary funds were apportioned to the various States on the basis of one-third according to area, one-third according to population, and one-third according to the mileage of rural delivery routes and star mail routes.
The Federal-aid Secondary funds were apportioned on the basis of one-third according to area, one-third according to rural population, and one-third according to mileage of rural delivery routes and star mail routes.
The Urban Highway funds were apportioned according to the population of municipalities or other urban places of 5,000 or more population.
The apportionments for the fiscal years 1951 and prior years were on the basis of population according to the Federal Census of 1940 and the apportionments for the fiscal years 1952 and 1953 were on the basis of the 1950 Census.
Programming of Projects
Following apportionment of a year's authorization, the State Highway Department submits programs of projects for

Bridge over Soap Creek, east of Lincolnton, on State Route 43, at an early stage of the impounding of water from Clark Hill reservoir. Project SAP 1044 (3), Cont ract 1.

Twenty-Fourth Report, State Highway Department of Georgia 41
improvement with the funds. These programs are reviewed by the Public Roads District Engineer and his recommendations, together with the recommendations of the Public Roads Division Engineer, are forwarded with the program to the \Vashington office for approval. Approval of a program represents a commitment to the State that it may proceed to acquire right-of-way and take the necessary steps preliminary to placing each project under construction.
Federal-Aid Fiscal Procedure
Federal funds for highway work are not turned over to the State in advance of construction. Instead, they are paid to the State in the form of reimbursement during and after the period that the work is in progress. They are paid only on projects for which the plans have been approved previously by the Bureau of Public Roads and for which the work is conducted in accordance with the applicable requirements established by the Bureau of Public Roads. The State Highway Department makes payments from State funds to the contractor on monthly estimates of the dollar value of work that has been accomplished on a project. The State Highway Department then submits monthly progress vouchers for the work accomplished on which the Federal Government makes prompt payment.
A project is reported completed when the major elements of construction are done and the road or bridge is open to traffic. To secure final reimbursement the State Highway Department then submits a final voucher to the Bureau of Public Roads indicating the various construction items and claiming the Federal portion due but not paid on progress vouchers. Final reimbursement is not made until the project has been finally inspected and a determination made by field engineers of the Bureau of Public Roads that it was constructed in accordance with the approved plans, specifications and estimates, and a detail audit made of the claim by a Federal auditor.

APPORTIONMENT OF FEDERAL-AID HIGHWAY FUNDS TO GEORGIA

Fiscal Year Ending June 30

Regular
Federal Aid

Forest Highways

1917.

.............. $ 134,329.48

1 9 1 8 ..

268,658.96

1919 ...

1,749,954.20

1920

2,557,485.02

1921

2,697,150.96

1922..

1,997,957.58

1923

1,331,971. 72

1924...

1,729,366.09

1925

1,983,022.99

1926 ...

2,000,867.00

1927

1,981,189.00

1928 ..

1,979,209.00

1929 .

1,980,015.00

1930 ..

1,980,443.00

1931..

3,318,280.00

1932.. ..

3,316,029.00

1933 ...

2, 753,344.80

1934......

1935 ..

1936......

3,168,221.00

1937 ..

3,168,222.00

1938 .

3,233,279.00

1939 .

3,154,850.00

1940

2,507,151.00

194L

2,509,551.00

1942 . . . . . .

2,519,366.00

1943

2,517,196.00

1944 ...

1945..

1946 ..

1947

1948.

1949

1950 .....

5,026,124.00

1951

5,017,556.00

1952..

5,535,8r6.oo

1953

5,491,196.00

$ 5,350.67 5,281.69
48,893.09 49,140.60 49,446.17 18,596.08 26,780.51 21,512.44 21,849..05 33,105.81 32,202.67 34,790.94 27,283.94 32,519.55 120,015.87 65,597.34 97,696.88 139,526.03 34,106.76 35,299.86 31,408.18 73,538.83 75,583.05 45,410.80 99,503.16 80,002.41 63,364.55
8,075.43 41,594.31 212,212.91 201,078.00
80,142.00 81,170.00 69,946.00 69,952.00

Totals

$94,472,774.80 $2,131,978.08

FederalAid
Secondary
$

Urban Highways

FederalAid Grade
Crossing
----

$31,805,281.00 $11,269,747.00 $4,558,555.00

Emergency Advance

Emergency

~ational
Recovery 1934

National Recovery
1935

.. -----------

APPORTIONMENT OF FEDERAL-AID HIGHWAY FUNDS TO GEORGIA-Continued

Fiscal Year Ending June 30
1917 ... 1918 1919. 1920 1921. 1922 1923 1924 .. 1925 .. . 1926 .. . 1927 . 1928 1929 1930... 1931 1932 1933 ... 1934 1935 .. 1936 1937 1933 1939 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 1946 1947 1948 1949 1950 1951 1952 1953

U. S. Works Public Works

Program

Administration

Flood Relief

Deft>nse Access Highways

Strategic Network

Advance Engineering

Flight Strips

Total for Y car
All Funds
139,680.15 273,940.65 1)98,847.29 2,606,625.62 2,746,597.13 2,016,553.66 1,358, 752.23 1,750,878.53 2,004,872.54 2,033,972.81 2,01.1,.191.67 2,013,999.94 2.0Q7 ,298.94 2,012,962.55 5,951,406.28 6,504,924.34 12,975,547.66 5,253,017.03 9.919.022.76 3,203.520.86 3,199,630.18 5,176,572.83 5,720,237.05 3.405,917.80 3.590,547.16 3,541,035.69 6,540.476.26 2,291,681.26 1.112,011.20 12,420,474.03 11,775,635.00 11,425,190.00
10,382.055.00 10.368,802.00 13,366,765.00 11.516,436.00
$184.419,279.10

Erection of structural Project U l-005-4 ( 1).

Twenty-Fourth Report, State Highway Department of Georgia 45
Highway Systems
Classification of highways is made necessary by the several plans of highway financing that have been developed during the years by the State and Federal Governments. Each plan of financing limits itself to particular highways or kinds of highways and thus establishes a new classification. It is possible for a highway to be on two or more systems. For example, a road may be on both the State Highway System and the Federal-aid Primary System; or a road may be classified as a County Road, a Post Road, and a Federal-aid Secondary Road. The classes of highways in Georgia based on methods of financing are as follows:
1. Federal-aid Primary System. 2. Federal-aid Secondary System. 3. Federal-aid Urban System. 4. Forest High way System. 5. State Highway System. 6. Post Roads. 7. County Roads. The following systems also exist, but were established for reasons other than financing, as will be explained under their respective headings: 1. National System of Interstate High ways. 2. United States Numbered Highways.
Federal-Aid Primary System
The Federal-aid Primary System comprises those highways which have been designated under authority of the Federal Highway Act of 1921 as highways eligible to have Regular Federal-aid funds expended upon them. The highways in this system are selected and designated by mutual agreement between the State Highway Department and the U. S. Bureau of Public Roads. The Federal-aid Primary System in Georgia as of June 30, 1952, consists of 6,643.5 miles, exclusive of 158.6 miles within Federal reservations.
Federal-Aid Secondary System
The Federal-Aid Highway Acts of 1936 and 1944 provided

46 Twenty-Fourth Report, State Highway Department of Georgia
for the selection and designation of a system of principal secondary and feeder roads, including farm-to-market roads, rural mail routes, and school-bus routes, but not limited to roads of these specific descriptions. These roads are selected by the State Highway Department in cooperation with the County Commissioners and approved by the Bureau of Public Roads, and are the only roads on which Federal-aid Secondary funds may be expended. The approved System as of June 30, 1952, contains 12,506.6 miles, of which 6,828.1 miles are also on the State Highway System.
The Federal-aid Secondary System may include roads inside of municipalities of less than 5,000 population. Urban boundaries have been established by the State Highway Department and approved by the Bureau of Public Roads for all cities having a population of 5,000 or more, according to the Census of 1950, and roads within these boundaries cannot be classified as Federal-aid Secondary Roads. A map showing the urban boundaries has been forwarded to the Mayor of each city, and to the County Commissioners of the county in which the city is located.
Federal-Aid Urban System
The Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1944 requires the selection of a system of Federal-aid routes in urban areas of 5,000 or more population, according to the latest available Federal census. Under the urban definition established for use in the 1950 U.S. Census, this includes unincorporated places as well as incorporated municipalities. The system is selected so as to provide a comprehensive network of arterials serving the major flow lines of traffic within the urban areas, including terminal routes, and distribution routes serving the Federal-aid Primary System lying outside the boundaries of the urban areas. This System is referred to as the Federal-aid Urban System and is being selected by study of all presently approved Federal-aid Primary, Federal-aid Secondary, and State Highway System extensions within urban area boundaries, and all other routes of primary arterial significance for the service of traffic within the designated areas. The System is selected by the State Highway Department in cooperation with the city officials and approved by the Bureau of Public Roads. Only those routes included in the approved

Twenty-Fourth Report, State Highway Department of Georgia 47
System are eligible for improvement with Federal-aid Urban funds. The System has been approved by the Bureau of Public Roads for 16 cities in Georgia and pending final selection and approval of the individual system in each city, all portions of Federal-aid Primary routes within the urban areas are included in the Urban System. As of June 30, 1952, the Federal-aid Urban System consists of 320.2 miles.

Forest Highway System

Roads wholly or partly within, adjoining or adjacent to and serving the national forests are known as Forest Roads. The Forest Highway System consists of those Forest Roads of primary importance to the State, counties or communities, and which have been selected and designated by the Commissioner of Public Roads of the Bureau of Public Roads, U. S. Department of Commerce, and the Chief of the Forest Service of the U. S. Department of Agriculture as constituent parts of the Forest Highway System. Forest Highways are classified as follows:
Class 1-0n the Federal-aid Primary System. Class 2-0n the Federal-aid Secondary System. Class 3-0ther Forest Highways.

The mileage of the Forest Highway System in Georgia as

of June 30, 1952, is as follows:

Class 1 Class 2

__ _ ___ _

153.4 miles 147.9 miles

Class 3

48.4 miles

Total

349.7 miles

The Forest Highway System may be increased or decreased in mileage when the proposed modifications have been jointly agreed upon and recommended by the State Highway Department, the Regional Forester, the District Engineer and the Division Engineer of the Bureau of Public Roads, and approved by the Commissioner of Public Roads and the Chief of the Forest Service. Funds for the construction of Forest Highways are provided by Congressional appropriation and are usually included in the same Act as other Federal-airl High way funds. The funds are prorated and a pportionerl among the several states according to the area and value of

48 Twenty-Fourth Report, State Highway De]Jartment of Georgia
the national forests, and the construction work is supervised by the Division Engineer of the Bureau of Public Roads.
State Highway System
Roads on the State Highway System are located, constructed, improved and maintained by the State Highway Department. The original system of 4,800 miles was established under the provisions of an Act of the General Assembly of Georgia, approved August 18, 1919. This Act provided that the State High way Board should designate the system of interconnecting county-seat public roads as State-aid Roads. An amendment of 1921 increased the limit to 5,500 miles, an amendment of 1925 increased it to 6,300 miles, and other increases were made by amendments passed in 1929 and 1933. An Act approved February 12, 1938, gave the State Highway Board the right and authority to designate any public road in the State as a State-aid Road, with no limitation by statute as to the mileage of the State Highway System.
An Act of the General Assembly, approved March 17, 1943, which abolished the State Highway Board and created a State Highway Department under a State Highway Director, and a State High way Commission, authorized and empowered the State High way Director to place on the State Highway System any roads he deemed necessary to the best interests of the State, when approved by a majority of the State Highway Commission, by first giving written notice to the county road authorities concerned thirty days prior to such action. This Act of March 17, 1943, was repealed by an Act of the General Assembly, approved February 2, 1950.
The Act of February 2, 1950, as amended, which created the present State Highway Board, contains a section which reads in part as follows:
"The present State Highway system mileage, known as State-Aid roads, as shown by the records of the State Highway Department at the time of the passage of this amendment shall remain on the State highway system mileage and be maintained by the State Highway Department. Provided, however, the State Highway Board shall have the right to substitute, relocate, and abandon any or all of the State

Twenty-Fourth Report, State Highway De]Jartment of Georgia 49
highway system mileage in building new roads or bridges or in improving the State highway system roads and bridges, keeping in view only the control points as shown by the present State highway system. In relocating, resurveying, substituting and abandoning any road, bridge or right-of-way on the State highway system, the State Highway Board shall confer with the ordinary or county commissioners concerned, as the case may be, and give due consideration to their wishes in the said relocation, resurveying, substitution and abandonment, but in case of disagreement the judgment of the State Highway Board shall prevail. The State Highway Board shall prescribe appropriate rules and regulations by which new mileage may be added to the State highway system. Provided, however, no new mileage shall be added to the State Highway system until 90 ~;( of the roads and bridges of the State highway system are paved, except in emergencies or unusual situations as shown by appropriate resolutions entered on the minutes of the State Highway Board."
The State High way System contains 15,228.9 miles as of June 30, 1952. Streets within municipalities which form a continuation of, or a link in, the State Highway System are a part of the System.
Post Roads
All rural roads over which United States mail is carried are Postal Routes; however, in Georgia only such roads which are not on the State Highway System are classified as Post Roads. The Act of 1937 which established the Post Roads Division within the State Highway Department and authorized the expenditure of State funds for the construction of Post Roads, also authorized the State Highway Department to construct farm-to-market roads, so that generally the term "Post Roads" is applied to all public roads in Georgia not on the State Highway System.
Post Roads and farm-to-market roads may be constructed by the State Highway Department to the extent that funds are made available, but the construction and maintenance

50 Twenty-Fourth Report, State Highway Departrnent of Georgia

TENNESSEE

NORTH CAROL.INA

National System of Interstate Highways in Georgia

Twenty-Fourth Report, State Highway Department of Georgia 51
of such roads are primarily the responsibility of the counties. There are 76,509.7 miles of Post Roads and farm-to-market roads in Georgia not on the State Highway System. All of these roads are classified also as County Roads, inasmuch as they are under the control and jurisdiction of the counties.
County Roads
All rural roads in the State not on the State Highway System nor within Federal or State reservations are classified as County Roads. The counties are responsible for the construction and maintenance of these roads; although, as stated above, the State Highway Department undertakes to construct as many of them as possible with Federal-aid Secondary funds and State funds. The County Commissioners (or Ordinary in counties having no Commissioners) are authorized to open and locate new roads. There are 76,509.7 miles of County Roads, including roads in State parks, national forests, and State reservations. These are classified also as Post Roads and farm-to-market roads and include 5,678.5 miles on the Federal-aid Secondary System.
National System of Interstate Highways
The National System of Interstate Highways, selected by the State High way Departments in cooperation with the Bureau of Public Roads, was approved on August 2, 1947. In recommending routes, the States were governed by the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1944 which provided for the designation of a 40,000-mile system connecting the principal centers of the country and serving the national defense. Currently the system comprises 37,800 miles of highways of highest importance to the national interests in peace or war. This trunk-line highway net connects all of the largest cities and most of the larger ones. All routes on the National System of Interstate Highways not already included in the Federalaid Primary System were automatically added thereto by law and, therefore, are eligible for improvement with Federal-aid Primary and Urban funds. No special funds had been appropriated for the development of the Interstate Highways prior to the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1952, but that Act authorized a separate and additional appropriation for the purpose of expediting the construction, reconstruction and im-

52 Twenty-Fourth Report, State Highway Departrnent of Georgia
provement of the National System of Interstate High ways. As these routes are improved they will be built to design standards somewhat higher than those governing other roads. The Interstate design standards call for four-lane divided highways wherever traffic is 800 vehicles or more per hour in peak hours. The National System of Interstate Highways in Georgia contains 1,110.6 miles as of June 30, 1952, all of which are also on the State Highway System.
United States Numbered Highways
In 1926, the American Association of State Highway Officials (being composed of all the State High way Departments and the Bureau of Public Roads of the Federal Government) selected a limited system of State roads to carry continuous numbers across the country so as to facilitate travel on the main interstate lines, over the shortest routes and the best roads. These roads are designated by the use of the United States shield as the insignia, and are commonly referred to as U. S. Routes or U. S. Numbered Highways. The establishment of a U. S. number as a guide for interstate travel over certain roads has no connection with the designation of Federal funds for road construction and, therefore, the U. S. High way numbers should not be confused with route numbers assigned to the Federal-aid Highway System. The U. S. numbers may recognize a State road which has been constructed entirely by the use of State funds.
Additions, changes, extensions, revisions or reductions in the U. S. Numbered System are made by the Executive Committee of the American Association of State Highway Officials, after consulting with the Highway Department of the States affected. The established policies of the Executive Committee provide that no additional road shall be added to the U. S. Numbered System, and no existing U. S. road shall be extended except where there is a definite showing of an adequately improved highway carrying an established and necessary line of interstate traffic not otherwise provided for by existing U. S. routes and for which traffic adequate service cannot be provided by State route numbers. Also, no new U. S. routes located wholly within one State may be established, nor may any new U. S. route be established which is less than 300 miles in length.

Twenty-Fourth Report, State Highway Department of Georgia 53

MILEAGE OF ROADS AND STREETS June 30, 1952

State

City

Highua'y County Streets &

System Roads Alleys* Total

Federal-aid Primary System.
Federal-aid Secondary

6,784.9 17.2.

6,802.1

System

6,828.1 5,678.5.

12,506.6

Federal-aid Urban System Not on any Federal-aid

265.2 ..

55.0 320.2

System

1,350.7 70,814.0 5,145.0 77,309.7

Total .

15,228.9 76,509.7 5,200.0 96,938.6

*Mileage of streets and alleys is estimated. Urban extensions of State Highway System and County Roads within municipalities are included in the total mileage of the respective systems and are not classified as city streets.

Twenty-Fowth Rep0rt, State Highway Department of Georgia 55

MILEAGE OF STATE HIGHWAY SYSTEM AND COUNTY ROADS, BY COUNTIES
June 30, 1952

County
Appling Atkinson Bacon Baker Baldwin Banks Barrow Bartow Ben Hill Berrien Bibb Bleckley Brantley Brooks Bryan Bulloch Burke Butts Calhoun Camden Candler Carroll Catoosa Charlton Chatham Chattahoochee Chattooga Cherokee Clarke Clay Clayton Clinch

Certified State
Highway System Mileage
130.42 92.67 71.15 78.07 67.66 75.35 77.91 111.47 78.23 118.71 92.88 68.51 96.31 110.59 108.60 117.66 140.23 59.35 78.09 105.29 49.97 154.53 59.15 115.18 89.91 39.19 50.90 109.38 46.12 46.14 70.55 '146.07

County Road System
Mileage
679.32 341.11 455.26 321.31 288.40 406.20 325.32 692.38 312.66 617.46 401.88 327.27 367.73 607.73 175.08 1236.48 1773.82 317.55 309.85 266.72 372.96 1061.40 253.62 188.89 288.03 182.24 466.39 788.29 158.92 178.05 365.43 374.08

Total Public Road
Mileage
809.74 433.78 526.41 399.38 356.06 481.55 403.23 803.85 390.89 736.17 494.76 395.78 464.04 718.32 283.68 1354.14 1914.05 376.90 387.94 372.01 422.93 1215.93 312.77 304.07 377.94 221.43 517.29 897.67 205.04 224.19 435.98 520.15

56 Twenty-Fourth Report, State Highway Department of Georgia

MILEAGE OF STATE HIGHWAY SYSTEM AND COUNTY ROADS BY COUNTIES
.Tune 30, 1952

County
Cobb Coffee Colquitt Columbia Cook Coweta Crawford Crisp Dade Dawson Decatur DeKalb Dodge Dooly Dougherty Douglas Early Echols Effingham Elbert Emanuel Evans Fannin Fayette Floyd Forsyth Franklin Fulton Gilmer Glascock Glynn Gordon

Certified State
Highway System Mileage
156.45 182.12 137.69
84.06 48.57 106.60 77.80 76.06 76.98 89.39 125.44 129.24 135.58 91.08 101.32 69.11 123.40 87.83 94.94 93.82 188.83 58.38 96.35 78.46 106.30 63.08 102.75 238.91 77.65 42.94 101.27 74.54

County Road
System Mileage
714.35 704.90 822.12 430.66 406.00 705.99 393.73 513.03 217.41 241.61 809.43 698.59 670.01 802.38 310.65 395.10 545.06 209.09 717.29 622.58 1005.63 234.48 449.58 359.65 642.85 485.73 569.47 1354.57 566.54 231.73 203.07 530:30

Total
Public Road Mileage
870.80 887.02 959.81 514.72 454.57 812.59 471.53 589.09 294.39 331.00 934.87 827.83 805.59 893.46 411.97 464.21 668.46 296.92 812.23 716.40 1194.46 292.86 545.93 438.11.
749.15 548.81 672.22 1593.48 644.19 274.67 304.34 604.84

Twenty-Fourth Report, State Highway Department of Georgia 57

MILEAGE OF STATE HIGHWAY SYSTEM AND COUNTY ROADS BY COUNTIES
June 30, 1952

County
Grady Greene Gwinnett Habersham Hall Hancock Haralson Harris Hart Heard Henry Houston Irwin Jackson Jasper Jeff Davis Jefferson Jenkins Johnson Jones Lamar Lanier Laurens Lee Liberty Lincoln Long Lowndes Lumpkin McDuffie Mcintosh Macon

Certified
State
Highway
System Mileage
136.28 82.72
149.74 91.68
146.65 80.75 77.47
131.90 86.02 72.90 86.24
103.78 75.49
100.83 118.37
76.89 164.47
79.83 85.66 88.43 51.66 100.40 187.59 76.79 126.19 73.17 75.58 143.98 85.56 69.75 74.22 151.01

County Road
System Mileage
558.82 405.25 964.98 409.83 860.00 592.45 579.95 496.58 560.39 433.55 625.36 417.77 442.32 624.37 397.78 477.11 784.57 445.70 405.95 365.37 345.96 177.29 1199.42 519.96 171.51 279.42 225.92 680.76 351.20 425.21 137.96 468.79

Total
Public Road
Mileage
695.10 487.97 1114.72 501.51 1006.65 673.20 657.42 628.48 646.41 506.45 711.60 521.55 517.81 725.20 516.15 554.00 949.04 525.53 491.61 453.80 397.62 277.69 1387.01 596.75 297.70 352.59 301.50 824.74 436.76 494.96 212.18 619.80

58 Twenty-Fourth Report, State Highway Departrnent of Georgia

MILEAGE OF STATE HIGHWAY SYSTEM AND COUNTY ROADS BY COUNTIES June 30, 1952

County
Madison Marion Meriwether Miller Mitchell Monroe Montgomery Morgan Murray Muscogee Newton Oconee Oglethorpe Paulding Peach Pickens Pierce Pike Polk Pulaski Putnam Quitman Rabun Randolph Richmond Rockdale Schley Screven Seminole Spalding Stephens Stewart

Certified State
Highway
System Mileage
114.84 93.18
137.99 56.59
167.43 129.21
73.33 69.78 86.94 86.60 115.85 57.73 79.44 94.06 47.50 86.46 76.53 48.56 72.86 75.28 71.71 35.76 69.39 75.13 93.64 54.67 59.99 116.24 57.95 54.57 57.28 62.88

County Road
System Mileage
593.25 373.43 690.83 360.09 731.72 492.58 323.60 461.67 427.63 236.62 415.40 261.37 547.06 577.46 205.11 396.34 411.75 376.74 427.82 272.25 309.32 136.25 394.40 404.82 418.32 233.60 203.06 1083.45 332.94 438.34 339.50 354.80

Total
Public Road Mileage
708.09 466.61 828.82 416.68 899.15 621.79 396.93 531.45 514.57 323.22 531.25 319.10 626.50 671.52 252.61 482.80 488.28 425.30 500.68 347.53 381.03 172.01 463.79 479.95 511.96 288.27 263.05 1199.69 390.89 492.91 396.78 417.68

Twenty-F01uth Report, State Highway Department of Georgia 59

MILEAGE OF STATE HIGHWAY SYSTEM AND COUNTY ROADS BY COUNTIES
June 30, 1952

County
Sumter Talbot Taliaferro Tattnall Taylor Telfair Terrell Thomas Tift Toombs Towns Treutlen Troup Turner Twiggs Union Upson Walker Walton Ware Warren Washington Wayne Webster Wheeler White Whitfield Wilcox Wilkes

Certified State
Highway System Mileage
139.46 116.04
52.63 160.46 149.66 158.47
99.00 17 4.50
71.83 121.23
60.22 81.67 140.38 79.68 77.79 74.60 73.29 116.36 92.59 137.87 87.44 136.88 106.02 49.84 85.76 69.40 75.25 107.85 94.75

County Road System
Mileao,., e
632.91 331.21 190.74 686.55 445.80 667.31 441.21 613.88 502.89 538.56 155.11 303.80 485.66 422.22 472.73 348.75 427.74 694.50 629.81 513.90 336.86 1040.03 562.89 209.19 373.07 311.38 477.57 501.08 506.11

Total Public Road
Mileage
772.37 447.25 243.37 847.01 595.46 825.78 540.21 788.38 574.72 659.79 215.33 385.47 626.04 501.90 550.52 423.35 501.03 810.86 722.40 651.77 424.30 1176.91 668.91 259.03 458.83 380.78 552.82 608.93 600.86

60 Twenty-Fourth Report, State Highway Department of Georgia

MILEAGE OF STATE HIGHWAY SYSTEM AND COUNTY ROADS BY COUNTIES
June 30, 1952

County
Wilkinson Worth

Certified State
HiRhway System Mileage
97.51 135.96

County Road System
Mileage
398.28 759.53

Total Public Road
Mileage
495.79 895.49

15,228.94

76,509.70

91,738.64

County Road System Mileage includes roads in State Parks, National Forests, and State Reservations.

Twenty-Fourth Repol't, State Highway Department of Georgia 61
Measurement and Record of Public Roads
Act No. 56 of the General Assembly, approved February 5, 1951, provides that the State Highway Department shall keep a record as accurate and up-to-date as is reasonably possible of all roads and bridges in the State. This record shall include the mileage of all roads and bridges on the various county road systems that are being maintained by the counties and the mileage of all roads and bridges which are a part of the State Highway System and are being maintained by the State Highway Department. The record shall show the mileage of roads in each county that is paved and unpaved, and such other information as to the condition, status, type and use as deemed necessary for sound long-range planning of construction and maintenance.
Measurement of Roads
The Act authorized the State Highway Board to employ personnel to go into the counties to inspect and measure the public roads and gather the information necessary for the compilation of the above records. The Highway Board directed the Division of Highway Planning to maintain the required records and to make the measurement of public roads in each county. This work is well under way and as of June 30, 1952, the measurement of roads had been completed in 71 of the 159 counties in the State. As specified in the Act, whenever a mileage inspection and measurement is to be made in any county, the county commissioners or other road authorities are contacted and requested to furnish a representative to accompany the engineers of the Highway Department in making the inspection and measurement.
Rules and Regulations
The legislative Act stipulates that the State Highway Board shall adopt rules and regulations to be uniformly applied throughout the State to govern the inspection and measurement of roads and to provide the necessary information for

62 Twenty-Fourth Report, State Highway Department of Georgia
keeping the required records. Accordingly, the State Highway Board adopted the following resolution on March 28, 1951.
Resolution
"In accordance with provisions of Section 2 of Act No. 56 (SB 1) of the General Assembly (page 31 of Georgia Laws of 1951) directing that the State Highway Board shall prescribe the manner in which the State Highway Department shall keep an accurate record of all roads and bridges in the State, and that the said Board shall make rules and regulations to be uniformly applied throughout the State to provide the records required:
"BE IT RESOLVED THAT, to make uniform the classification of roads throughout the State and to establish definitions and descriptions by which roads may be correctly classified, it is ordered that in measuring and surveying the roads in any county of the State, the roads to be recognized as Public Roads and included in the public road mileage for the county shall be:
1. Roads on the State Highway System. 2. County roads on which continuous maintenance opera-
tions are performed. These roads are those in the general traffic plan of the County System on which ditching, blading, structure maintenance and drainage operations are carried on. The existence of this condition can be determined by observation. 3. Roads on which slight, occasional or no maintenance is performed but for which the county is responsible for construction and maintenance. These may be roads of light traffic use or demand which are kept in passable condition. These roads may or may not be graded and drained. The soil and terrain may be of such nature that these roads be kept passable without constant care.
"Evidence of county responsibility for any specific road may be furnished by statements of reputable inhabitants of the area who assert their knowledge that the county has had and now has responsibility for the road. The county representative who is appointed to accompany the State inventory party may assert the county's responsibility.

Twenty-Fourth Report, State Highway Department of Georgia 63
"Other evidence that a road is a public road could be: Use as a regular school-bus route, or as a regular mail route, or as a route for general milk pick-up or as a general pick-up or delivery route for any other regular services to the area.
"This type road would in most cases but not necessarily in all cases have located upon it some cultural units such as dwellings or other traffic objectives or origins, and would serve either as a collector of traffic or as a connector for other roads.
"IT IS RESOLVED FURTHER THAT, in measuring the roads in the State, those roads that will not be recognized as Public Roads in any county nor included in total of roads in any county shall be any roads in the following-described classes:
1. Roads that are closed to unrestricted public use. The roads in this class would be any road which is obstructed by a fence across it, or a closed gate across it, or by a ditch or other blockade deliberately placed across the travel way, or a road on which posted signs warn that it is a private road or that users are declared to be trespassers and forbidden such use, or a road which bears evidence that it is not fully and freely open to use by the general public.
2. Roads that are woods or field trails only, and that are not the responsibility of the county. Roads in this class are those that serve as follows: (a) Roads or trails that serve to provide access to timber, pulpwood, turpentine gum, etc.
(b) Field roads or trails that serve only for transportation of agricultural equipment and access to cultivation. These types (a and b) frequently do not have permanent locations and which may be shifted or changed at varying periods.
3. Roads that are short service or entrance roads of less than one-half mile and which serve for not more than one cultural unit; a unit being one dwelling house, one or more dwelling houses under same ownership, one business or one industry.
4. Roads that are abandoned. These roads are those which have ceased to be traffic bearing due to any cause, such

Bridge over Savannah R iver and Clmk H ill reservoir, on Stat e R oute 43, at Georaia-South Carolina state line. Th e bridge was constructed in 1939 and this picture was taken in 1952 aft er the existin a brid ae deck had been raised 17 feet.

Twenty-Fourth Report, State Highway Department of Georgia 65
as neglect of maintenance, and absence of any need for vehicular movement."

Th e narrow two-lane bridge over the O conee R ive r at Dublin, shown at left, bottom, is being replaced by a four-lan e bridge . Stat e R outes 15, 26 and 29 ( U.S. 80 and 319) . Project Ul-005-4 (1 ) .

T wenty-FoU?th R epo1t, State High way Depcwtment of GeoTgia 67
Transporting structural steel for bridge described on the opposite page.

HIGHWAY USE OF MOTOR FUEL IN GEORGIA 1925-1951

700

1-- 700

600

500

--

400 "0 300

"..'

1-- 1-- '-- 600

".'
."n'

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r- 1-- 500

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z:>
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1-- 1-- f-.. f-.. 1-- - 1-- 1-- 1-- 1-- 1-- - - f-.. 1-- - r- - 200

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1-- 1-- 1-- 1-- -

-

f-.. 1-- 1-- f-.. 1-- -

- L- 1-- -

- 1-- \00

I

0

1925 26 27 28 29 1930 31 32 33 34 1935 36 37 38 39 1940 41 42 43 44 1945 46 47 48 49 1950 51

0

YEAR

A tabulation of the motor fuel used for highway purposes is presented on the opposite page.

Twenty-Fourth Report, State Highway Department of Georgia 69

HIGHWAY USE OF MOTOR FUEL IN GEORGIA 1925- 1951

Year

Thousand Gallons

1925

133,548

1926

154,976

1927

183,896

1928

197,106

1929

209,794

1930

213,089

1931

211,767

1932

190,592

1933

........ 202,196

1934.

229,447

1935

254,609

1936.

287,284

1937

312,468

1938.

. 319,246

1939

339,877

1940

... 374,300

1941

.... .. 406,781

1942

324,259

1943

....... 282,739

1944.

314,692

1945.

367,726

1946

495,202

1947

568,404

1948 ............... 579,048

1949

........ 629,271

1950 ... . ......

706,796

1951

778,131

MOTOR-VEHICLE REGISTRATIONS IN GEORGIA 1910-1951

1000

1000

900

900

800

800

100

700

600 500 400

rn PASSENGER CARS
0 TRUCKS 8 BUSSES

600 500 400

300

1--

300

200

200

100

m mm

0

-

m @

.ill. . - 0

N

~

~

~

.

~

~

-. . -N

~

~

G

~

~

I 00
-0

A tabulation of the motor-vehicle registrations by years is presented on the opposite page.

Twenty-Fourth Report, State Highway Department of Georgia 71

MOTOR-VEHICLE REGISTRATIONS IN GEORGIA 1910- 1951
(Publicly-owned vehicles not included)

Year

Automobiles

1910 -----------

4,400

1911 ----- ----

5,870

1912.

12,950

1913 --------- ---

16,480

1914

20,115

1915 ------------ ---

24,000

1916.

44,025

1917

66,824

1918

99,676

1919

127,000

1920

134,000

1921

118,476

1922

126,498

1923

151,420

1924.

181,413

1925.

217,578

1926

241,949

1927

262,630

1928

277,881

1929.

310,362

1930

294,461

1931.

274,576

1932

245,666

1933

278,935

1934 ----------

314,576

1935

325,950

1936

335,696

1937

361,010

1938.

356,609

1939

384,773

1940

412,439

1941

460,787

1942

443,705

1943

420,157

1944

423,746

1945.

418,566

1946.

450,072

1947

499,600

1948

540,984

1949

604,541

1950 .

692,409

195L

752,616

Busses
2,155 2,067 2,161 2,613 2,595 2,716 2,982 3,134 3,242 2,910 3,269 3,249 3,429 3,684 3,641 3,642 3,644 3,606

Trucks
90 190 620 710 800 1,000 2,000 3,500 5,000 10,000 12,000 13,500 16,925 22,469 26,275 30,515 35,519 38,005 40,975 48,543 47,119 46,264 42,050 51,212 60,262 66,079 72,726 78,206 73,156 81,951 87,182 95,063 91,942 91,349 94,302 101,381 122,114 145,251 163,192 175,263 191,893 202,830

Total
4,490 6,060 13,570 17,190 20,915 25,000 46,025 70,324 104,676 137,000 146,000 131,976 143,423 173,889 207,688 248,093 277,468 300,635 318,856 358,905 341,580 320,840 287,716 330,147 376,993 394,096 410,583 441,829 432,360 469,440 502,603 558,984 538,889 514,416 521,317 523,196 575,615 648,535 707,817 783,446 887,946 959,052

72 Twenty-Four th R e7Jo1t, State H ighway Depa1tment of Geo1gia
Top, section of Stat e R oute 3 ( U. S. 3 I9) in Grady County befor e work was begun by Stat e maintenance fan es. Bottom, after completion of grading, widenina roa dway fro m 30 to 40 feet, and building 10-ft. shoulders.

Twenty-Fourth Report, State Highway Department of Georgia 73
Legal Division
EUGENE COOK, Attorney General W. VAUGHN RICE, Assistant Attorney' General C. WINTON ADAMS, Assistant Attorney General HUGH C. CARNEY, Assistant Attorney General
The division of the State Law Department assigned to the Highway Department under the Attorney General included as of June 30, 1952, three Assistant Attorneys General.
Functions of Legal Division
Upon the Legal Division devolves the duty of representing, advising, and counselling the State Highway Department in any manner which has a legal phase. It is to be expected, of course, that any department engaged in so many and such extensive transactions, involving millions of dollars, would have a great variety and volume of legal business. For example, the Legal Division assists in the preparation of, or must review and approve, all contracts, leases, insurance policies, permits, easements, options, and agreements entered into by the Highway Department. It reviews and investigates all claims for and against the Department, and brings or defends the suits which result from such claims. This division also brings or defends all suits arising out of breach of highway contracts. The Legal Division must prepare and defend all suits against counties for damages resulting from defects in bridges and approaches which are on the State Highway System, when the county vouches the State Highway Department into court to defend such action as provided by law.
Cases Handled in 1951
In the fiscal year ending June 30, 1951, the Legal Division closed 12 suits in which the Highway Department was either defendant or as vouchee ultimately liable. The potential liability in these suits was $191,632.39; the eventual liability actually paid by the Highway Department in these suits was $28,700.91; eight suits being closed by settlement amounting to $19,200.00 and four by verdict against the Department

74 Twenty-FO?tTth Report, State Highway Department of Geol'gia
for $9,500.91. All but two were suits for damages for defects in a bridge on the State Highway System.
In the fiscal year ending June 30, 1951, the Legal Division was involved in and concluded two injunction suits, both of which were dismissed on demurrer. In addition to the above, at the end of the fiscal year ending June 30, 1951, the Legal Division was actively engaged in the defense of 49 suits with a potential liability of $200,390.48, of which 12 were injunction suits.
Cases Handled in 1952
In the fiscal year ending June 30, 1952, this division closed 11 suits in which the Highway Department was either the defendant or as vouchee ultimately liable. The potential liability in these suits was $95,390.48, and the eventual liability actually paid by the Highway Department was $2,971.00. Five of these suits were closed by settlement amounting to $2,971.00 and the remaining six cases were won by the Highway Department. All of the above cases except three were for damages arising from alleged defects in a bridge on the State Highway System. Six injunction suits were concluded in the fiscal year ending June 30, 1952, without cost to the Highway Department. Two cases went to the Appellate Courts in this year by direct bill of exceptions in which there was a potential liability of $65,000.00; one of these cases with a potential liability of $50,000.00 was won by the Department, the other one with a potential liability of $15,000.00 was sent back to the trial court for trial by jury. Also going to the Appellate Courts were two injunction suits which were won by the Department.
The Legal Division was actively engaged in the defense of 37 law suits with a potential liability of $283,020.00. Seven of these suits were injunctions.
Summary of Cases
In summary, during the biennium covered by this report, the State Highway Department has been involved in 68 suits and has terminated 23 suits with a potential liability of $287,022.87, and has actually paid out on these suits through June 30, 1952, the sum of $30,671.91. In addition, the Legal Division has been involved in 20 injunctions, has investigated

Twenty-Fourth Report, State Highway Department of Georgia 75
and recommended the settlement of five claims for $6,079.00, and investigated and refused payment in any amount whatsoever on 80 claims. It has investigated and filed answers in 24 garnishment suits, has assisted in numerous condemnation suits in the name of the State Highway Department for rightsof-way, and represented the Highway Department as plaintiff in 15 claims in which a total sum of $4,428.02 was recovered, and two suits in which a total amount of $1,610.75 was recovered. At the end of the fiscal year ending June 30, 1952, there remained two suits and several claims pending in favor of the Highway Department and 33 suits, including four injunctions, against the Highway Department.

76 Tw enty-FouTth R e7Jort, tate Highway Department of Georgia
Top , old brid ae ove r Satilla R iver on State R oute 135, between D ouglas and Willacooch ee which ha been replaced by bridge sho wn at bottom. Project ER-S-3 .

Twenty-Fmoth Report, State Highway Department of Georgia 77
Personnel Division
WARD MATTHEWS, JR.
Personnel Administrator and Compensation Attorney
The Personnel Division receives and analyzes applications for employment, interviews applicants, and cooperates with the division heads in the selection and assignment of qualified personnel, including engineering, technical, accounting and clerical workers.
The employment of all personnel and changes in salary, promotions, transfers, etc., are authorized and approved by the State Highway Board and the Personnel Division prepares or processes the necessary documents for submission to the Board. This division maintains files containing pertinent information concerning each employee, which is made available to the Board in connection with advancement of employees.
State Merit System
The Highway Department has been operating under the State Merit System of Personnel Administration nearly three years. Approximately 45 per cent of the employees are in positions covered by the Merit System, including engineers, draftsmen, instrumentmen, inspectors, laboratory technicians, accounting and clerical personnel. The Merit System does not include personnel assigned to the equipment repair shops, foremen, timekeepers, patrolmen, rodmen, chainmen, equipment operators, and other miscellaneous non-technical workers.
The Personnel Division maintains liaison with the State Merit System and handles all matters pertaining to the System, such as scheduling of examinations for employees, maintaining uniformity in salary for the different job classifications, submission of the required reports, etc. This division interprets the rules and regulations of the State Personnel Board and counsels with the employees regarding their status with the Highway Department.

78 Twenty-Fourth Report, State Highway Department of Georgia
Employees' Retirement System
All employees of the Highway Department who are under the Merit System are covered by the Employees' Retirement System of Georgia, except those who were employed prior to January 1, 1950, and themselves elected not to become a member of the Retirement System. Five per cent of the employee's salary is deducted on each payroll and credited to his individual account in the annuity savings fund of the Retirement System. If an employee resigns or his services are terminated before he reaches the age of retirement, the full amount of his contributions is refunded to him. The State Highway Department also contributes a sum amounting to a percentage of the employees' salaries, which is placed in the pension accumulation fund.
An employee is eligible for retirement at age 60, or after 35 years of service, though until June 30, 1955, retirement is not compulsory until the employee attains the age of 75 years. After July 1, 1955, employees will be retired at the age of 70 years. Twenty-eight employees have retired since the plan became effective on January 1, 1950.
In-Service Training Program
In order to carry out the long-range construction program being planned, the Highway Department has realized the importance of maintaining an organization able and qualified to do the work. To accomplish this, a special system of in-service training for civil engineering graduates has been in operation for the past two years. Under this program, the trainee is transferred from unit to unit on a prearranged schedule and his assignment consists of actual performance of the regular duties of the unit, with full facilities of the unit being made available. In this manner, he is enabled to acquire a thorough working knowledge of the details of each phase of the work. Several of these engineers are now nearing the completion of their three years' training period and the program has provel). to be very effective and beneficial.
Cooperative Plan of Employment
The Highway Department also has in effect the cooperative plan for college students, whereby civil engineering students

Twenty-Fourth Report, State Highway Department of Georgia 79
work with the Highway Department for three months and attend school three months. This program gives the trainee an opportunity, while attending school, to coordinate engineering principles as taught with the principles of actual highway design, construction and maintenance, thereby qualifying him for a more advanced and responsible job when he receives his degree from college. Over a period of years, the Highway Department has acquired a great number of key engineers through the cooperative plan.
Compensation Claims
Employees of the Highway Department who receive personal injury by accident arising out of and in the course of their employment come within the provisions of the Georgia Workmen's Compensation Laws, and the Personnel Division is responsible for handling all matters pertaining to such cases. This division receives reports of all injuries to employees, investigates the cases, and follows up with such action as is proper under the provisions of the Workmen's Compensation Act.
The Personnel Administrator and Compensation Attorney represents the Highway Department before the Workmen's Compensation Board in Atlanta, or before a commission of the Board in the county where the accident occurred, and represents the Highway Department through any subsequent court action. He authorizes payment of compensation and medical expenses in accordance with the a ward of the Compensation Board, and negotiates with attorneys, doctors, hospitals and courts of law in all questions pertaining to Workmen's Compensation.
AASHO 25-Year Award of Merit
The benefits to be derived by an organization from the long and faithful service of its employees is well known and the State Highway Department is fortunate in having a large number of employees with many years of service. During this biennium, twenty-two employees received recognition in this respect by being presented with the Twenty-Five-Year Award of Merit of the American Association of State Highway Officials. This a ward, consisting of a certificate and lapel button, is conferred annually by the Association to employees in cer-

80 T wenty -F owth R eport, State High w ay Department of Geo1gia
Building shoulders and slop es is an imj;ortant fun ction of the Stat e mamtenance for ces.

Twenty-FouTth RepoTt, State Highway Department of Georgia 81

tain grades, who have had twenty-five years of service, either continuous or cumulative, in one or more member departments. The member departments are the 48 State Highway Departments, the Territorial Departments of Puerto Rico and Hawaii, the District of Columbia Highway Department and the Bureau of Public Roads. The following employees of the State Highway Department of Georgia received the Association's Twenty-Five-Year Award of Merit during 1951 and
1952:

J. H. Archer William H. Boyd H. C. Brown C. G. Brock W. W. Curl, Jr. Mrs. Sadie Dell M. G. Driskell E. W. Ellis Harry K. Emanuel H. H. Hendrix T. D. House

Ralph K. Jones J. W. Lilly B. B. Mangum H. B. Reeves J. Ross Rogers E. C. Salter V. W. Smith, Sr. W. C. Summers Noland Tupper A. P. White George S. Woolford

THE FIVE FIELD DIVISIONS

T E N N.

N.

c.

STATE
HIGHWAY DEPARTMENT
Of
OEORGIA
FIVE HIGHWAY DIVISIONS AND HEADQUARTERS ARE INDICATED

_j

F

L

0

R

Boundaries of the Field Divisions of the State Highway Department, and the Division Headquarters, are shown in the map above. The division by counties is as follows:
Division One (Gainesville)-Banks, Barrow, Bartow, Catoosa, Chattooga, Cherokee, Cobb, Dade, Dawson, DeKalb, Douglas, Elbert, Fannin, Floyd, Forsyth, Franklin, Ful~n, Gilmer, Gordon, Gwinnett, Habersham, Hall, Haralson, Hart, Jackson, Lumpkin, Madison, Murray, Paulding, Pickens, Polk, Rabun, Stephens, Towns, Union, Walker, White, Whitfield.
Division Two (Augusta)-Baldwin, Bu'rke, Clarke, Columbia, Emanuel, Glascock, Greene, Hancock, Jasper, Jefferson, Jenkins, Johnson, Lincoln, McDuffie, Morgan, Newton, Oconee, Oglethorpe, Putnam, Richmond, Rockdale, Screven, Taliaferro, Walton, Warren, Washington, Wilkes, Wilkinson.
Division Three (Macon)-Bibb, Butts, Carroll, Chattahoochee, Clayton, Coweta, Crawford, Crisp, Dooly, Fayette, Harris, Heard, Henry, Houston, Jones, Lamar, Macon, Marion, Meriwether, Monroe, Muscogee, Peach, Pike, Pulaski, Schley, Spalding, Stewart, Sumter, Talbot, Taylor, Troup, Twiggs, Upson, Webster, Wilcox.
Division Four (Tifton)-Atkinson, Baker, Ben Hill, Berrien, Brooks, Calhoun, Clay, Clinch, Coffee, Colquitt, Cook, Decatur, Dougherty, Early, Echols, Grady, Irwin, Lanier, Lee, Lowndes, Miller, Mitchell, Quitman, Randolph, Seminole, Terrell, Thomas, Tilt, Turner, Worth.
Div:sion Five (Savannah)-Appling, Bacon, Bleckley, Brantley, Bryan, Bulloch, Camden, Candler, Charlton, Chatham, Dodge, Effingham, Evans, Glynn, Jeff Davis, Laurens, Liberty, Long, Mcintosh, Montgomery, Pierce, Tattnall, Telfair, Toombs, Treutlen, Ware, Wayne, Wheeler.

Twenty-Fourth Report, State Highway Department of Georgia 83
Field Divisions
For administrative and operating purposes, the State is divided into five divisions, with headquarters located in Gainesville, Augusta, Macon, Tifton and Savannah. It is through the many activities of the Division Engineers, and the work of the Highway Engineers and the other experienced men on the division staff, that the roads are finally constructed, maintained and operated. It is essential that competent men be continually employed in these positions as the final service of the State Highway Department to the people of the State becomes a reality through their efforts.
Organization
The Division Engineer is the administrative head of each division organization and his principal assistants are Highway Engineers. In each division, several Highway Engineers are assigned to construction supervision, one is in charge of maintenance, and one serves as Office Engineer.
All instructions issued by the officials of the General Office to field personnel are transmitted through the Division Engineer, who has direct administrative charge of all field operations, including location surveys, construction, and maintenance of roads and bridges on the State Highway System. Also, he is in charge of location surveys and construction of Post Roads projects initiated by the State Highway Department, but the maintenance of Post Roads is the responsibility of the counties. The Division Engineer and his assistants maintain close contact with county and other local officials coftcerning proposed work and other matters of mutual interest.
Construction
The Highway Engineers in charge of construction give field supervision to the work of the Resident Highway Engineers and other engineering personnel. They review work in progress and render reports to the Division Engineer of any unusual features encountered in construction. They correct defects in methods of construction and make recommendations as to changes in methods or materials being used, and advise

84 Twenty-Fowth Report, State Highway Department of Georgia
the Resident Highway Engineers concerning plans and specifications. They make frequent inspections of projects while in the planning stage and during all phases of construction, in company with engineers from the General Office and the Bureau of Public Roads. Construction projects are under the immediate supervision of a Resident Highway Engineer, who also prepares monthly and final statements of work performed by the contractors. Sufficient Highway Project Engineers, Senior Engineering Aides and Engineering Aides are assigned to each residency to properly carry on the construction work.
M aintPnanCI'
The maintenance of all roads on the State Highway System is handled by maintenance patrolmen, who are assigned to areas known as patrol sections. The patrolman is in charge of a crew with necessary equipment to perform routine maintenance work, such as machining dirt roads, cutting weeds along the right-of-way, and keeping open ditches and drainage structures. On hard surfaced roads, holes are patched as they develop, cracks filled with bituminous materials, and drainage defects corrected. In addition to the regular maintenance crews, each division has several special maintenance outfits in charge of superintendents or foremen, who are provided heavy equipment to handle more difficult repairs on roads and bridges. The work of the patrolmen is supervised by Highway Maintenance Assistants under the direction of the Highway Engineer in charge of maintenance.
C antral and Protection of Ri~ht-of- Way
All applications for encroachment on the State high~ay right-of-way are submitted to the Division Engineer, who has an investigation made of the conditions at the site of the encroachment. The Division Engineer is authorized to grant permits for encroachments necessary and relative to driveways for entrances to residences, farms, farm lands, and small business establishments, where the scope of the encroachment is simple and limited in extent and traffic conditions are not or will not be complex, and also for the seasonal use of portions of the right-of-way for landscaping and cultivation purposes that do not endanger traffic on the highways nor inter-

Twenty-Fourth Report, State Highway Department of Georgia 85
fere with the maintenance and drainage of the highways. For other types of encroachments, the Division Engineer
prepares the permit and submits the application and permit, with his recommendations, to the General Office for approval by the State Highway Engineer. Upon approval of the permit, a copy of the permit is forwarded to the Division Engineer and the field engineering personnel inspect the work to insure that it is performed in accordance with the permit and the Rules and Regulations adopted by the State Highway Board.
Sia,., n Crews In each division, a sign crew in charge of a foreman is engaged in the erection and maintenance of road warning and directional signs. The sign foreman inspects the signs as he travels throughout the division and from his own observation and information furnished to him by the Division Engineer, the Highway Engineer in charge of Maintenance, or the General Office, determines the locations at which signs are needed or the signs which need repainting or replacing. Upon instructions from the division office, appropriate detour signs are erected at the site of construction projects, and special detour signs are painted in the division shop.

One of two parallel bridaes over Pumpkinvine Creek on four- lane highway between Marietta and Cart ersville, Stat e R oute 3 (U.S. 4 1). Project FI-484 (3), Contract 2.

Twenty-Fourth Rep01t, State Highway Department of Geo1gia 87 Another view of the parallel brid oes described on the opfJo site page.

Bridge over L ittle R iver and Clark H ill reservoir, on Stat e R oute 43, at McD uffie-Lincoln Count y line. Project SAP 1915 ( 2) .

Twenty-Fourth Report, State Highway Department of Georgia 89
Division of Bridges
C.N. CROCKER
State Highway Bridge Engineer
As did World War II, the conflict in Korea has produced an impact upon the various factors relating to bridge design and construction which has rendered difficult the task of maintaining a program of bridge construction. Certain materials have not been available in desirable quantities, construction costs have mounted, and there has been a shortage of engineering personnel. While the Korean affair has had no visible effect upon the increasing trends of traffic volumes and the increasing proportion of heavy vehicles, it has materially hampered the efforts of this division in meeting the demands for new bridges.
Materials
Soon after the outbreak of hostilities, the Federal Government found it advisable to control and allocate strategic materials. As a result, the Division of Bridges has been limited to about half as much steel as was used under conditions of normal supply. It was, therefore, necessary to plan the work so as to make the amount of steel allocated to the Highway Department go as far as possible. The use of structural steel has been reduced in part by constructing bridges with more, but shorter spans of reinforced concrete. Reinforced concrete piles have been used in place of steel piles. And, when steel beams and girders could not be eliminated due to economic requirements, composite construction has been used, resulting in a reduction of steel required and, in many cases, in a reduction of the cost of the structure. However, in spite of these methods of conservation, the supply of steel is still inadequate.
Bridges for the low-traffic, farm-to-market roads were usually constructed of creosoted timber before World War II. The drain upon the timber reserves during the war has produced a condition which is difficult for a mature Georgian to realize. Structural grade timber can no longer be obtained

90 Twenty-Fourth Report, State Highway Department of Georgia
in quantities necessary for a normal program of secondaryroad bridges. Timber piling is nearly as scarce and recently contractors have found it necessary to purchase piling in other states. Even when small quantities of bridge timber can be procured, its cost is so great that its use is no longer economical. Bridges of more durable material can often be built at no greater cost. To meet the need for bridges on low-traffic roads, the Division of Bridges has developed a bridge design using creosoted timber piles capped with concrete and precast concrete deck slabs. These slabs may be constructed adjacent to a railway siding, loaded and transported to the job, and there placed on the concrete caps. This is the most economical type bridge under the existing conditions of material availability.
Personnel
The basic job classifications in the Division of Bridges are Bridge Detailer and Bridge Designer. These are the men who have the technical education and training necessary to prepare bridge plans. They are men with degrees in Civil Engineering who have majored in structural engineering. This division was making satisfactory progress in rebuilding its organization that was depleted in World War II when the Korean conflict started. Since then the personnel problem has become serious. A large portion of engineering graduates are absorbed in the armed forces as soon as their schooling is completed. Other engineering students are called to duty even before completing their education, and those who graduate and do not go into the armed forces succumb to the alluring prospects offered by private engineering firms and industry. These prospects have made further inroads in Bridge Division personnel by enticing from its employment able and well-trained employees. The problem this division faces is to carry on its functions while under-staffed, by utilizing it's personnel at maximum efficiency.
Research
The Division of Bridges must remain alert to the new developments in materials and their uses in order that they may be adapted to the bridge work when it is apparent that better or cheaper bridges may result. Progress is always on

Twenty-Fowth Report, State Highway Department of Georgia 91
the march, and the vast programs of research in many laboratories promise continued development in materials and methods and continued technical enlightenment which will benefit the bridge program in years to come. The State Highway Department through the Division of Bridges has cooperated in some of these research projects. One of these projects is the wind tunnel tests on model bridges being conducted by the Navy Department. Others cooperating in this project are various other State High way Departments, the Bureau of Public Roads, and the Highway Research Board of the National Research Council. Another research project that is continuing is the cooperative project with the U. S. Geological Survey covering stream-flow studies in Georgia. Other research possibilities are under consideration and study.
A Few Major Bridge Projects
Following are descriptions of a few typical bridge projects let to contract during the period covered by this report. Project U-006-2 (2), Dougherty County.
This project covers construction of a bridge and paved approaches over Flint River on State Route 3 (U. S. 19) at Albany. This bridge is being constructed one block downstream from the existing crossing. While the existing bridge, constructed in 1920, has the structural capacity for presentday traffic loads, its roadway width could not accommodate the present traffic volume. The new bridge will provide for four lanes of vehicular traffic and two sidewalks. Design loading is H-20 S-16. Its floor is of concrete, supported on steel girders of composite design. Substructure consists of concrete piers resting on rock, and concrete abutments supported on concrete piles driven to rock. The bridge length will be 721 feet.
Project F-026-3 (1), Long County.
State Route 38, between Ludowici and Jesup, has experienced a tremendous increase in traffic due mainly to its being common with U. S. Routes 25 and 301 which carry a large volume of truck traffic between the eastern states and Florida. The existing bridges on this road vrcre built in 1928-29 and are of creosoted timber. They have roadways 20 feet wide and were originally designed for an II-10 load capacity.

Bridge oun Pataula Creek, on Stat e R oull' 39 hl'tween GeoTgetown a?ld Fort Gaines. Project S-0508 (3).

Twenty-Fourth Report, State Highway Department of Georgia 93
There are nine bridges which cross the Altamaha River and its overflow area, and constant maintenance has been necessary to prevent failure under the heavy loads imposed upon them. This project is the first in a program of replacing these bridges. The project covers the first three bridges south of Ludowici. They will provide roadway widths of 28 feet and will have an H-20 S-16 load capacity. The total length of the three bridges is 924 feet.
Project S-0511 (2), Baker County.
This project covers construction of a bridge with paved approaches over Ichawaynochaway Creek on State Route 216 between Arlington and Newton. The existing bridge had a roadway width of 11 feet and a load limit of 5 tons. The new bridge will have a load capacity of H-15 and a roadway width of 24 feet. It is of concrete throughout, including the concrete pile substructure. Its total length is 280 feet.
Project S-0686 (4), Wilkinson County.
This project covers construction of a bridge with paved approaches over Commissioner's Creek on Federal-aid Secondary Route 686 between Toomsboro and Milledgeville. The existing bridge was of timber and steel, had a roadway width of 16 feet, and had a low load capacity. The new bridge will have a load capacity of H-15 and will have a roadway width of 24 feet and two sidewalks 4 feet wide. The main spans across the stream channel are steel beams with concrete floor supported on concrete piers. The approach spans are concrete throughout supported on concrete piles. The bridge length is 420 feet.
Project FI-484 (4), Bartow County.
This project covers construction of a bridge with paved approaches over Etowah River on State Route 3 (U. S. 41) just south of Cartersville. The existing bridge, constructed in 1928, has a load capacity of H-15. Its main deficiency is its roadway width of 18 feet, which is entirely too narrow for the heavy and dense traffic using this route. The new bridge will provide for four lanes of traffic and will have a load capacity of H-20 S-16. It will have concrete floor on steel beams which are supported on concrete piers. Its length will be 453 feet.

T 'ypical asphalt-mixing plant as used b)' contractors on large pa vin a p rojects recent/)' constru cted m the Stat e. This one was used on the Marietta-Cartersville four-lan e highway.

Twenty-Fourth Repo1t, State Highway Department of Georgia ~lG
Division of Road Design
J. A. KENNEDY
State Road Design Engineer
The preparation of plans for the construction of roads and streets from field notes to the completed blue-print stage is the function of the Division of Road Design. Typical grading and paving sections are designed, based on the anticipated traffic, the future economic development, the availability of local materials, and the terrain, after survey notes from field location parties have been plotted. A study of drainage areas, high water elevations and the character of the soil encountered determines the type of drainage required. It is the responsibility of this division to maintain accurate records of projects programmed, survey notes received, plans prepared, and plans that are let to contract, etc. An account is also kept of information needed on plans in the preparation stage. This division consults with the Bureau of Public Roads on matters pertaining to design, and maintains contact with the American Association of State Highway Officials and officials of other State Highway Departments, so as to keep abreast of the latest trends and developments in highway design.
Design of Plans
A field inspection by an engineer from the Division of Construction and Surveys, in company with a representative of the Bureau of Public Roads, on Federal-aid projects, and at times with a Designer from this division, is made after preliminary plans are completed. Revisions in the plans recommended as a result of the field inspection are incorporated, final plans completed and blue prints made. Blue prints from completed plans on Federal-aid projects are submitted to the Bureau of Public Roads for review and approval. When approval by the Bureau has been obtained, a set of plans is delivered to the Division of Contracts and Office Management for processing and advertising for bids.

96 Twenty-FouTth Repor-t, State Highway Depar-tment of Geor-gia
Plans Completed
During the fiscal year ending June 30, 1951, plans were completed for 356 miles of road in 75 counties on the State Highway System, and for 171 miles of road in 28 counties on secondary and Post Roads. Of the total mileage, 0.246 mile was for railroad grade crossing elimination by separation, and plans for two projects of this type were designed. Plans were also prepared for 37 projects covering installation of protective devices at unsafe railway-high way crossings.
During the fiscal year ending June 30, 1952, plans were completed for 389 miles of road in 71 counties on the State Highway System and 97 miles of road in 19 counties on secondary and Post Roads. Two projects for grade crossing elimination by separation, totaling 1.949 miles, were finished. In addition, plans were worked for 32 signal projects to protect dangerous railway-highway crossings. These projects were for the erection of automatic flashing light signals, bells, andjor short arm gates.
The following tabulation shows total mileage of completed plans.

ROADWAY PLANS COMPLETED

Fiscal Year
July 1, 1950, to June 30, 1951 . July 1, 1951, to June 30, 1952 .
Total-2 Years

Miles Completed
Plans
527 486
1,013

Automatic Flashing Lights
37 32
69

Twenty-Fourth Report, State Highway Department of Georgia 97
Division of Contracts and
Office Management
R. W. McCRUM
State Highway Office Engineer
The Division of Contracts and Office Management may be described briefly as that division which prepares and handles all documents pertaining to the construction of projects under the various programs established by the State Highway Department. When the Division of Road Design completes the plans for any particular project, and secures the necessary approval of such plans, they are then turned over to this division to carry out the remaining steps leading to the final completion of the construction work. These steps consist of the preparation of detailed estimates and sample proposals, which must be approved by the Bureau of Public Roads in the case of projects involving Federal funds. When the necessary approvals are obtained, notices to contractors are prepared and on instructions of the State Highway Board such notices are mailed to the legal organs of the various counties in which the projects are located. These notices specify the dates on which bids will be received and set out detailed quantities of all items comprising the project.
Bids and Contracts
On the date established in the notices, bids are opened in the presence of the State Highway Board and the complete results later tabulated so that the correct low bidder can be ascertained. When the low bids are approved by the State Highway Board on State-aid projects, and by the State Highway Board and the Bureau of Public Roads on projects involving Federal funds, the contract and bond are prepared for execution by the contractor, bonding company, and the State Highway Board. When the contracts have been executed completely, this office authorizes construction and prepares detailed estimates for auditing monthly statements in favor of the contractors and detailed estimates upon which the project agreements with the Bureau of Public Roads are

9R Twenty-FouTth RepoTt, State Highway Depar-tment of GeoTgia
based for projects involving Federal funds.
A1onthly Statements
In accordance with the specifications governing construction work, the field division offices submit monthly statements covering work accomplished on which payments to the contractors should be made. These statements are audited and then passed for payment to the Division of Finance and Audits. The Division of Contracts and Office Management is entirely responsible for the correctness of these statements. Upon completion of a project, the division office submits the final statement, with complete details attached, supporting the quantities of all items concerned in the contract. This entire final statement is then audited, including all the tabulations and computations, to verify the quantities as shown on the face of the statement. In case of projects involving Federal funds, both the monthly and final vouchers on which claim is made for reimbursement from the Federal Government are prepared and submitted to the Bureau of Public Roads for audit and payment.
Change Orders
This division is responsible for the proper handling of all changes that may occur in connection with the proper construction of the project. Contingencies frequently arise that could not be foreseen when the plans were prepared, and this division is responsible for the proper approval of such changes. These changes are handled by change orders or construction changes or supplemental agreements. In cases where it is impracticable to establish unit prices for supplemental agreements, the work is done by force account and the force account bills are handled through this office for approval. On projects involving Federal funds, approval of the Bureau of Public Roads is obtained for the changes occurring during construction, so that the Federal Government will participate in the increased cost due to such changes.
Labor Reports
On all projects involving Federal funds, the Bureau of Public Roads requires the submission of reports of labor employed by the contractor, which must reflect the entire labor of all

Twenty-Fourth Report, State Highway Department of Georgia 99
classes engaged on the work. These reports are checked and transmitted to the Bureau of Public Roads.
Stock Room
The stock room maintained in the General Office, from which all office supplies and field supplies are shipped, is under the direction of this division. The stock room maintains a perpetual inventory so that all items may be kept on hand in reasonable quantities to fill orders received from the field divisions, as well as all divisions in the General Office. This division also is responsible for the approval of all requisitions for materials and supplies, submitted by the division offices, for construction projects. This includes all material for projects being constructed by State Forces, as well as engineering supplies for the field supervisory personnel.
Office Management
The Division of Contracts and Office Management is responsible for the distribution of incoming mail and the dispatch of outgoing mail, the operation of telephone PBX and teletype machine, maintenance of General Office files, operation of mimeograph, operation of elevators, and the maintenance of buildings and grounds.

100 Twenty-Fourth Report, State Highway Department of Georgia

Summary of Contracts Awarded During Two-Year Period July 1, 1950, to June 30, 1952

Length of Bridges ___________________________________ _ 5.774 Miles

Grading ------------------------------------------------------- 616.382 Miles

Grading and Base -------------------------------------- 374.163 Miles

Base -------------------------------------------------------------- 280.776 Miles Bituminous Surfacing ________________________________ 1,60 1.319 Miles

Reseal and Resurfacing ---------------------------- 397.209 Miles

Concrete Pavement ------------------------------------ 29.229 Miles Total Length All Types of Work ____ ___ _3,304.852 Miles

Number of Bridges ------------------------------------ 217

Number of Underpasses ---------------------------- 9 Number of Grade Crossing Signals __________ 65

Cost of Bridge Repairs -----------------------------Total Amount All Contracts Awarded ___ _

$ 53,6'98.00 $59,929,895.00

Twenty-Fourth Report, State Highway Department of Georgia 101

Contracts Awarded July 1, 1950, to June 30, 1951 NUMBER OF LETTINGS-9

FEDERAL-AID PRIMARY PROJECTS
Number of Underpasses -------------------------------- 1 Number of Grade Crossing Signals ------------ 7 Number of Bridges ---------------------------------------- 54 Length of Bridges ---------------------------------------- 1.208 Miles Bituminous Surfacing ---------------------------------- 79.580 Miles Reseal and Resurfacing -------------------------------- 19.803 Miles Concrete Pavement -------------------------------------- 4.818 Miles Total Length All Types of Work ________________ 105.409 Miles
Total Cost All Types of Work --------------------

$8,530,759.00

FEDERAL-AID URBAN PROJECTS
Number of Bridges ------------------------------------------ 5 Length of Bridges ------------------ --------------------- 0.235 Miles Grading ---------------------------------- ----------------------- 2.697 Miles Bituminous Surfacing ------------------------------------ 3.630 Miles Concrete Pavement -------------------------------------- 0.564 Miles Total Length All Types of Work ---------------- 7.126 Miles 'I otal Cost All Types of Work --------------------

$2,070,802.00

FEDERAL-AID SECONDARY PROJECTS (On State System)
Number of Grade Crossing Signals ----------- 16 Number of Bridges ________________ ....... _.. ____________ , 26
Length of Bridges ____________ ,_..... _-....-...... _._______ 0.785 Miles Bituminous Surfacing ....____________ ,,________, ...... 166. 762 Miles Total Length All Types of Work ________ .......___ 167.547 Miles Total Cost All Types of Work ____ ,,___ ,_______

$3,681,220.00

FEDERAL-AID SECONDARY PROJECTS (Off State System)
Number of Grade Crossing Signals --- ...... ___ 8 Number of Bridges _____ ........ ___________ ....... _________ 13 Length of Bridges ..... _______________ , ____ ,, __, ____ ,___ 0.305 Miles
Grading and Base --------.......________________... _____ 0.531 Miles Bituminous Surfacing __________ , ______________________ 120.049 Miles
'I otal Length All Types of Work ----........____ 120.885 Miles Total Cost All Types of Work ......... __ .... __ ,_

$1,732,299.00

EMERGENCY RELIEF PROJECTS (On State System)
Number of Bridges ________ .. __________, ......._____,.. 7 Length of Bridges ........___________....... ___ , .._______ 0.140 Miles Cost of Bridges , _________, ___.._.. _______............. ___ ,

$122,862.00

102 Twenty-Fourth Report, State Highway Department of Georgia

Contracts Awarded July I, 1950, to June 30, 1951 (Continued)

- -------------

-----------

STATE PROJECTS

(Contract Work)

Kumber of Bridges ------------------------- ____________ _ 7

Length of Bridges

---------------------------- 0.377 Miles

Base ---------------------------------------------------------------- 9.311 Miles

Bituminous Surfacing ---------------------------------- 21.109 Miles

Reseal and Resurfacing _______________________________ 96.228 Miles

Total Length All Types of Work __________________ 127.025 Miles

Bridge Repairs ------------------ __________ _ Total Cost All Types of Work _________________ _

$ 21,665.00 $1,795,662.00

STATE PROJECTS

(County Contracts)

Number of Bridges ____

1

Length of Bridges __________ ____ ___ ________ ___________ 0.021 Miles

Grading ---------------- __ _____________ __ _____________ 55.909 Miles

Grading and BaEe _______________________________________ 39.521 Miles

Base ___________________________________ ------------------------ 34.299 Miles

Bituminous Surfacing ____ --------------------------- 27.411 Miles

Heseal and Resurfacing ---------------------

13.224 Miles

Total Length A!! Types of Work ___________ 170.385 Miles

Bridge Repairs ______ -----------------------------------Total Cost All Types of Work ___________________ _

$ 1,765.00 $1,147,282.00

STATE PROJECTS

(Convict Forces)

Number of Bridges ________ -------------------------- 6 Length of Bridges _____________________________________ _ 0.124 Miles

Grading ___________ --------------------------------------------- 41.751 Miles Grading and Base ______________________________________ _ 9.503 Miles

Base ---------------------------------------------------------------- 17.861 Miles

Total Length All Types of Work _______ _

69.239 Miles

Total Cost All Types of Work --------------------

$712,245.00

-------------------------------

POST ROADS PROJECTS

(Contract Work) Number of Bridges ____________________________________ _ 1

Length of Bridges ____________ _

Grading

____________ _

0.054 Miles 0.950 Miles

Bituminous Surfacing ---------------------

61.670 Miles

Reseal and Resurfacing _____________________________ _ 0.517 Miles

Total Length All Types of Work ___ _

63.191 Miles

Total Cost All Types of Work --------------------

$7 49,398.00

Twenty-Fourth Report, State Highway Depmtment of Georgia 103

Contracts Awarded July 1, 1950, to June 30, 1951 (Continued)

POST ROADS PROJECTS

(County Contracts)

Number of Bridges ___ ------------------------------------ 5

Length of Bridges -----------------------------

0.069 Miles

Grading ------------------ ______________________________________ 107 .228 Miles

Grading and Base ________________________________________ 59.945 Miles

Base ------------------------------ _______________________________ 46.799 Miles

Bituminous Surfacing ---------------------------------- 76'.959 Miles

Concrete Pavement _______ ------------------------------ 18.976 Miles Total Length All Types of Work ________________ 309.976 Miles

Total Cost All Types of Work --------------------

$1,580,581.00

POST ROADS PROJECTS

(Convict Forces)

Grading __________________________________________ _

3.487 Miles

Total Length All Types of Work _______________ _ 3.487 Miles

Total Cost All Types of Work __________________ _

$37,239.00

Summary of Contracts Awarded July 1, 1950, to June 30, 1951

Length of Bridges

_______ _________________ 3.318 Miles

Grading ------------------------------------ _ ________________ 212.022 Miles

Grading and Base ---------------------------------------- 109.500 Miles Base ---------------------------------------- ___________________ 108.270 Miles

Bituminous Surfacing -------------------------------- 557.170 Miles

Reseal and Resurfacing ------------------------------ 129.772 Miles

Concrete Pavement ------------------------------------ 24.358 Miles Total Length All Types of Work _____ _____ 1,144.410 Miles

Number of Bridges -------------------------------- 118

Number of Underpasses ---------------------------- 1 Number of Grade Crossing Signals _____ ____ 31

Cost of Bridge Repairs -----------------------------Total Amount All Contracts A warded _____ _

$ 23,430.00 $22,160,349.00

104 Twenty-Fourth Report, State Highway Department of Georgia

Contracts Awarded July 1, 1951, to June 30, 1952
"
NUMBER OF LETTINGS-7

FEDERAL-AID PRIMARY PROJECTS Number of Grade Crossing Signals ------------ 12 Number of Bridges ---------------------------------------- 31 Length of Bridges ---------------------------------------- 1.065 Miles
Grading ---------------------------------------------------------- 12.7 67 Miles Bituminous Surfacing ------------------------------------ 32.537 Miles Reseal and Resurfacing -------------------------------- 63.911 Miles Concrete Pavement ---------------------------------------- 0.008 Miles Total Length All Types of Work ________________ 110.288 Miles Total Cost All Types of Work ____________________

$9,144,704.00

FEDERAL-AID URBAN PROJECTS Number of Underpasses -------------------------------- 8 :r-.iumber of Bridges ---------------------------------------- 6 Length of Bridges ------------------------------------------ 0.297 Miles Bituminous Surfacing ---------------------------------- 0.229 Miles Concrete Pavement -------------------------------------- 3.039 Miles Total Length All Types of Work _____________ ____ 3.565 Miles Total Cost All Types of Work ____________________

$4,829,544.00

FEDERAL-AID SECONDARY PROJECTS (On State System)
Number of Grade Crossing Signals ____________ 16
Number of Bridges -------------------------------------- 27 Length of Bridges ---------------------------------------- 0.419 Miles Grading and Base ---------------------------------------- 0.508 Miles Bituminous Surfacing ____________________________________ 273.869 Miles Total Length All Types of Work _________________ 27 4. 796 Miles
Total Cost All Types of Work --------------------

$6,437,77 4.00

FEDERAL-AID SECONDARY PROJECTS (Off State System)
Number of Grade Crossing Signals ------------ 6 Number of Bridges ---------------------------------------- 4 Length of Bridges ---------------------------------------- 0.103 Miles Base ---------------------------------------------------------------- 0.170 Miles Bituminous Surfacing ------------------------------------ 64.659 Miles Total Length All Types of Work ---------------- 6'4.932 Miles Total Cost All Types of Work --------------------

$1,215,244.00

Twenty-Fourth Report, State Highway Department of Georgia 105

Contracts Awarded July 1, 1951, to June 30, 1952 (Continued)

STATE PROJECTS (Contract Work)
Number of Bridges -------------------------------------- 3 Length of Bridges ---------------------------------------- 0.150 Miles Grading ---------------------------------------------------- _____ 24.004 Miles Grading and Base ---------------------------------------- 8.337 Miles Bituminous Surfacing __________________________________ 156.448 Miles
Reseal and Resurfacing --------------------------------161.215 Miles Concrete Pavement -------------------------------------- 1.370 Miles Total Length All Types of Work __________________ 351.524 Miles
Total Cost All Types of Work --------------------

$5,527,137.00

STATE PROJECTS (County Contracts)
Number of Bridges -------------------------------------- 3 Length of Bridges ------------------------------------------ 0.019 Miles Grading ----------------------------------------------------------141.844 Miles Grading and Base ------------------------------- 85.535 Miles Base ------------------------------------------ 59.790 Miles Bituminous Surfacing --------------- 48.414 Miles Reseal and Resurfacing --------- 20.213 Miles Concrete Pavement ------------------------- 0.454 Miles Total Length All Types of Work .............___ 356.269 Miles
Total Cost All Types of Work --------

$2,985,950.00

STATE PROJECTS
(Convict Forces)
Number of Bridges ------------ 4 Length of Bridges --------------- 0.097 Miles Grading ------------------------- 27.128 Miles Grading and Base ----------------- 15.220 Miles Base ------------------------------- 27.098 Miles Bituminous E>urfacing --------------------- 0.981 Miles Total Length All Types of Work ----------- 70.524 Miles
Total Cost All Types of Work --------

$619,303.00

POST ROADS PROJECTS (Contract Work)
Number of Bridges ----------- 1 Length of Bridges -------------- 0.006 Miles Grading ------------------------- 21.562 Miles Grading and Base ---------------------------- 1.926 Miles Bituminous Surfacing -----------------------268.097 Miles Reseal and Resurfacing ---------- 0.998 Miles Total Length All Types of Work --------292.589 Miles Total Cost All Types of Work --------

$2,816,973.00

106 Twenty-Fourth Report, State Highway Department of Georgia

Contracts Awarded July I, I95I, to June 30, I952 (Continued)

POST ROADS PROJECTS (County Contracts)
Number of Bridges -------------------- ----------------- 17 Length of Bridges ---------------------------------------- 0.173 Miles Grading --------------------------------- ________________________ 176.341 Miles Grading and Base __________________________________________ 114.413 Miles
Base ---------------------------------------------------------------- 73.605 Miles Bituminous Surfacing ____________________________________ 198.915 Miles
Reseal and Resurfacing -------------------------------- 21.100 Miles Total Length All Types of Work ________________ 584.547 Miles
Cost of Bridge Repairs -------------------------------Total Cost All Types of Work ___________________ _

$ 30,268.00 $3, 76'0,475.00

POST ROADS PROJECTS

(Convict Forces)

Number of Bridges __ --------------------------------- __ 3

Length of Bridges ---------------------------------------- 0.127 Miles

Grading ---------------------------------------------------------- 0.714 Miles

Grading and Base ------------------------------- _________ _ 38.724 Miles

Base ---------------------------------------------------------------- 11.843 Miles

Total Length All Types of Work _____ _

51.408 Miles

Total Cost All Types of Work --------------------

$432,442.00

Summary of Contracts Awarded July I, I95I, to June 30, I952

Length of Bridges -------------------------------------- 2.456 Miles

Grading _ ----------------------------------------------------- 404.360 Miles Grading and Base __________________ ------------------ 264.663 Miles

Base -------------------------------------------------------------- 172.506 Miles Bituminous Surfacing _______________________________ 1,044.149 Miles

Reseal and Resurfacing ---------------------------- 267.437 Miles

Concrete Pavement -------------------- __

4.871 Miles

Total Length All Types of Work ____________ 2,160.442 Miles

Number of Bridges ------------------------------------ 99

Number of Underpasses ---------------------------- 8 Number of Grade Crossing Signals __________ 34

Cost of Bridge Repairs ----------------------------

$ 30,268.00

Total Amount of All Contracts Awarded __

$37,769,546.00

- - - - - - - ----~-

Twenty-Fourth Report, State Highway Department of Georgia 107
Division of Construction and Surveys
C. S. FAIN
State Highway Construction Engineer
The Division of Construction and Surveys is responsible for all location surveys, for all Plans, Specifications and Estimate inspections, and has supervision of all construction work carried on by the Highway Department, except urban projects. The State Highway Location Engineer and the State Highway Materials Engineer are responsible to the State Highway Construction Engineer for general administrative and technical functions. Highway Construction Engineers of this division maintain direct contact with all projects in plan or construction status. One of these is assigned especially to secondary projects and to State projects for grading roads which will later be paved as secondary projects.
Location Surveys
The Division of High way Planning prepares a route inspection report which establishes the general nature of the improvement. The location survey is then authorized. The State Highway Location Engineer is assigned an experienced photographer and a plane with which aerial photographs are made of the country through which a proposed road is to be built. With this equipment, used mostly on primaryroad projects, much time and expense is saved in making the final location. The Locating Engineer, using the aerial information together with the route inspection report, furnishes instructions and control points to the Division Engineer, who has the survey made. Before the final survey notes are submitted to the General Office, a review inspection is made by engineers from the General Office and the field division to determine the accuracy and completeness of the survey.
P. S. & E. Inspection
After completion of the field survey work, partially completed pencil plans are delivered to the Division of Road Design, where design details and construction quantities are

108 Twenty-Fourth Report, State Highway Department of Georgia
developed and plans prepared. Then the plans are delivered to the Division of Construction and Surveys for a Plans, Specifications and Estimate inspection. This is made by the State Highway Construction Engineer or one of his assistants, in company with a representative of the Bureau of Public Roads, on Federal-aid projects, the field Division Engineer or his assistant, and usually others. State-aid work is handled in the same manner except that the representative of the Bureau of Public Roads is not present. With the plans on the site of the proposed work, a careful check is made of desired changes in or additions to the plans. After review and approval of the P. S. & E. inspection report, the final Plans, Specifications and Estimates are completed.
Construction Inspection
When a contract has been let and construction authorized, the State Highway Construction Engineer and his assistants make periodic inspections of the contractor's work. These inspections continue throughout the period of construction and until the job is finally completed and accepted by the State, at which time the Division of Maintenance is notified that the road is to be taken over for future maintenance. One important objective of these inspections is to insure uniform interpretation and application of the specifications in the five field divisions. On projects involving Federal funds, inspections referred to above are often made in company with an engineer from the Bureau of Public Roads.
The State Highway Construction Engineer reviews change orders and supplemental agreements proposing changes from the approved plans, also force account bills and claims, recommending approval or disapproval.
This division, through reports from the field, keeps a record of each construction job, showing the date work was authorized, the date cor..struction was started, monthly record of progress and per cent completed, date of completion and date of final acceptance.
This division maintains liaison with the Bureau of Public Roads on matters pertaining to location surveys and construction, and also keeps in contact with the American Association of State Highway Officials and officials of other State

Twenty-Fourth Report, State Highway Department of Georgia 109
Highway Departments, thereby keeping abreast of new trends and developments in highway design and construction, and modern methods applicable to the work.

Paving, in one passage of the machines, full 24-ft. roadway, usina two finishing machines and two rollers, working toget her. Ma rietta-Cartersville fou r-lane highway.

Another view of the paving operation shown and described on the opposite page. Th e entire construction area is shown, as well as the double bridges, one for each pair of road lanes.

Four-lane bridge over Gum Creek, north of Cordele, on State R oute 7 (U.S. 41 ). Project Fl-001-2 (2).

Twenty-Fourth Report, State Highway Department of Georgia 113
Division of Materials and Tests
C. S. FAIN
State Highway Construction Engineer
W. F. ABERCROMBIE
State Highway Materials Engineer
The Division of Materials and Tests is under the direct supervision of the State Highway Materials Engineer. This division is under the general direction of the State Highway Construction Engineer, who is also in charge of the Division of Construction and Surveys, and coordinates the work of the two divisions.
Temporary Field Laboratories
It has been found necessary in some types of construction to have field control exercised by representatives of the Division Engineer and consequently field laboratories are maintained on all concrete, asphalt, soil base, and large bridge projects. Control of the work done in the field laboratories is maintained through visits to the projects by Laboratory representatives, by liaison with the Division Material Test Engineer and by submission of periodic reports and check samples to the Laboratory for complete analysis. To provide the operating divisions with trained personnel to man these field laboratories, the Laboratory conducted classes in Atlanta, giving selected personnel from the divisions the rudiments of soil, concrete, and asphalt design, inspection and control.
Study of Local Materials
The Laboratory makes surveys of the local natural materials which Georgia has and through study develops designs which will utilize these as bases or surface courses to the best advantage from the standpoint of service and economy. Obtaining information as to the existing earth layers below the ground surface has proven valuable in connection with laying the grades, correcting subgrade material, and placing the necessary drainage. During the year ending June 30, 1952,

114 Twenty-Fourth Report, State Highway Department of Georgia
the soil survey parties made approximately 455 miles of soil surveys and subgrade investigations, drilling by power truck or by hand in areas inaccessible to the truck. Rock determination in places inaccessible to power drill was made by use of the earth resistivity apparatus.
Research and Investigations
The Laboratory works in close cooperation with the Division of Bridges in making foundation studies and testing undisturbed samples taken from the natural ground existing under proposed piers or abutments.
Research is conducted by the Laboratory as a regular part of its activities and special tests are often developed to determine the suitability and acceptability of certain new materials which are not governed by standard methods of tests adopted by the American Association of State Highway Officials or by the American Society of Testing Materials.
Branch Laboratories
To better serve the contractor by eliminating delays caused by testing, a branch laboratory is operated in each of the five field divisions. During the two-year period ending June 30, 1952, these laboratories tested 31,949 samples, mostly soils and coarse aggregate, which materially reduced the work of the general Laboratory in Atlanta. In addition, the branch laboratories at Augusta and Savannah tested 53,629 lineal feet of concrete pipe.
Samples Tested
During the year ending June 30, 1951, the Laboratory tested 43,700 samples and inspected at plants in the Atlanta area 62,780 feet of metal pipe, 77,420 feet of concrete pipe and 2,266 tons of reinforcement steel. Work for the following year included testing of 41,834 samples and inspection of 82,363 feet of metal pipe, 80,980 feet of concrete pipe and 1,842 tons of reinforcement steel.

Twenty-Fourth Report, State Highway Department of Georgia 115
Division of Right-of-Way
R. E. ADAMS
State Highway Right-of-Way Engineer
Right-of-way deeds and easements have been secured on more than a thousand State and Federal-aid projects during the two years covered by this report. Of noteworthy interest has been the progress made in the acquisition of right-of-way for future four-lane construction on the more heavily traveled highways on the National System of Interstate Highways. This is especially true on U. S. Highway 41 between Calhoun and Griffin, a distance of 111 miles, where in the near future adequate widths for four-lane construction will have been secured for the entire section, including and connecting with the Atlanta north-south expressway in Fulton County. This program of right-of-way acquisition has been made possible largely through the splendid cooperation of the County Commissioners of the several counties traversed by these highways.
Right-of-Way on Secondary Roads
The acquisition of right-of-way on secondary roads, often local in nature, does not present the problem as to costs and property damages encountered in the acquisition on the Interstate and Federal-aid Primary Systems. The widths of rightof-way acquired on low-traffic roads vary from 60 to 100 feet; the greater width being secured to provide for future increase in traffic and to allow for road widening without removal and relocation of buildings erected after the initial highway construction.
Easements
In addition to acquisition of right-of-way from private owners, it is necessary at times to secure easements from railroad and public utility companies for the construction of highways on right-of-way or other property owned by these companies. This is generally handled through negotiations without cost to the Highway Department.

116 Twenty-FouTth RepoTt, State Highway DepaTtment of GeoTgia
I ncreased Costs
With the general rise in land values, the cost of right-ofway, especially on the more heavily traveled highways, has advanced to the extent that it is rapidly becoming a sizeable item in the total costs of the highway program. It has been difficult in numerous cases for the counties to reach agreements with property owners on the cost of right-of-way and property damages, and condemnations have been necessary, resulting in delays in the construction program. This condition is being improved, however, by the initiation of Federalaid projects covering only the acquisition of right-of-way. These projects are on the National System of Interstate Highways, where relatively wide right-of-way is indicated, with the accompanying heavy property damages. In this manner, it is possible to make surveys and secure the right-of-way in advance of the construction program. Such projects are handled in cooperation with the Bureau of Public Roads and must necessarily be limited to projects for which definite plans are being made for future construction as a part of the Interstate System.
Strengthening of Laws Needed
It is believed that some strengthening of the present laws, possibly to allow the State Highway Department to take title in 'fee simple to the right-of-way, is necessary to prevent general encroachment on the right-of-way in the erection of signs, fences and structures which serve to restrict the utility of the highway and future widening. A suggestion has also been made that the present condemnation procedures be amended to allow the value of the resulting benefits to the adjacent property to apply against the cost of the land rather than as an offset against the damages to the property only.
Control and Protection of Right-of-Way
In April, 1951, the State Highway Board adopted Rules and Regulations for the Control and Protection of State Highway Rights-of-Way, and authorized the State Highway Engineer, and in certain cases the field Division Engineers, to grant permits for permissible encroachments on the right-of-way. An application form and six peTmit forms were designed to cover

Twenty-Fourth Report, State Highway Department of Georgia 117
encroachments that are allowed on the right-of-way, as follows:
Form HD-409, Application for Permit. Form HD-410, Permit for Special Encroachment. Form HD-411, Permit to Construct Private Driveway. Form HD-412, Permit for Commercial Driveway. Form HD-413, Permit to Construct Pole Line. Form HD-414, Permit to Parallel Highway
(Underground). Form HD-415, Permit to Cross Highway (Underground).
The application for permit is submitted to the field Division Engineer, who makes a thorough investigation of the conditions at the site of the proposed encroachment and forwards the application and permit, with his recommendations, to the General Office. The Division of Right-of-Way processes the application and submits the permit to the State Highway Engineer for his approval.
The field Division Engineer is authorized to grant permits for encroachments necessary and relative to driveways for entrances to residences, farms, farm lands, and small business establishments, where the scope of the encroachment is simple and limited in extent and traffic conditions are not or will not be complex, and also for the seasonal use of portions of the right-of-way for landscaping and cultivation purposes that do not endanger traffic on the highways nor interfere with the maintenance and drainage of the highways.
The Rules and Regulations also contain special stipulations covering the construction of drive-in theaters, and require that plans of the development be submitted to the State Highway Department for inspection and approval before construction is begun.
The enforcement of the Rules and Regulations will keep the highway right-of-way clear for the use of all the people, instead of allowing the abutting property owners to restrict its use until the cost of future widening of the highways becomes prohibitive.

Section of the six-lane, divided Pxpressway in Atlanta, showing grade eparation of a cross street.

Twenty-Fourth Report, State Highway Department of Georgia 119
Division of Urban Projects
S. P. ALLISON, Urban Engineer
The Division of Urban Projects is responsible for the processing and advancement of projects to be constructed with Federal-aid Urban funds. During the two years covered by this report, contracts were let for the construction of 10.691 miles of urban projects, including 11 bridges, at a total cost of $6.9 million.
Federal-aid Urban funds may be expended only on the Federal-aid Highway System in urban areas of 5,000 or more population. Regulations permit approval only of projects that increase the traffic capacity of streets or roads in urban areas to the extent of at least one additional lane of traffic. Minor street improvements, repaving, or other work inside curb lines is not eligible for the expenditure of Urban funds.
Urban Areas
The Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1944 defined an "urban area" as an area including and adjacent to a municipality or other urban place, of 5,000 or more, the population of such included municipality or other urban place to be determined by the latest available Federal census. It also provided that the boundaries of urban areas would be fixed by the highway department of each state, subject to the approval of the Bureau of Public Roads. Each area had to include at least the incorporated area of the municipality but could extend outside the corporate limits to include areas which are urban in character. Satellite communities, such as city suburbs in a metropolitan area, could be included regardless of size. Thus, by the establishment of these urban areas, highway planning for the whole community without regard to corporate boundaries and political subdivisions is being facilitated.
Based upon reports prepared by the Division of Highway Planning, urban area boundaries have been fixed and approved by the Bureau of Public Roads for all but one of the places classified as urban areas, according to the 1950 census. The 40 urban areas in Georgia are listed below. Atlanta includes

120 Twenty-FouTth RepoTt, State Highway DepaTtment of GeoTgia

East Point, College Park, Hapeville, Decatur and several other communities. The town of Rossville is included in the urban area of Chattanooga, Tennessee.

Albany

Gainesville

Americus

Griffin

Athens Atlanta

LaGrange Macon

Augu~a
Bainbridge Brunswick Cairo Carrollton Cartersville Cedartown Columbus Cordele

Marietta Milledgeville Moultrie Newnan Rome Rossville Savannah Statesboro Thomaston

Covington Dalton Douglas Dublin Elberton Fitzgerald Fort Valley

Thomasville Tifton Toccoa Valdosta Vidalia Warner Robins Waycross

Atlanta Expressway
The outstanding urban project in the State is the four- and six-lane divided expressway running north and south through Atlanta and Fulton County, on which the first three-mile section was opened to traffic in September, 1951. Construction has been completed or contracts have been let for 11.433 miles at a cost of $10.6 million, and contracts will be let at an early date for an additional five miles of expressway. This project is being financed jointly by the Federal Government, the State Highway Department, the City of Atlanta and Fulton County.
The Atlanta expressway is being constructed as a limited access facility, along which no access is allowed to and from abutting property and also along which vehicles may enter and leave only at selected points. Generally, these points are located at important cross streets or highways and conflicting traffic movements are separated by constructing the express-

Twenty-Fourth Report, State Highway Department of Georgia 121
way to pass over or under the cross streets. Therefore, the Atlanta expressway is designed so that when it is completed in its entirety, a driver may travel uninterrupted by parked vehicles, traffic lights or cross traffic, between downtown Atlanta and the Fulton-Clayton county line and points beyond Atlanta on highways radiating northwest, north or northeast. Since the completed sections have been open to traffic, it has been amply demonstrated that the facility will make a major contribution toward alleviating traffic congestion along present highways and streets in and around Atlanta, and will reduce the travel time for north-south through traffic. Indicative of the wide acclaim and public approval of the construction of the expressway is the fact that the
a citizens of Atlanta and Fulton County have recently voted
bond issue of $10 million for the acquisition of right-of-way and to assist in financing construction costs on sections of the expressway yet to be constructed. It is estimated that upon completion the expressway will carry 60,000 vehicles per day.
Other Urban Projects
Other urban projects completed or let to contract during this period are as follows:
Albany: Improvement of State Route 3, U.S. 19, 0.366 miles.
Atlanta: Relocation of State Route 3, U.S. 41, 3.161 miles.
Augusta: Relocation of State Route 21, U.S. 25, 2.591 miles.
Brunswick: Relocation of State Route 25, U.S. 17, 2.980 miles.
Dublin: Improvement of State Route 26, U.S. 80, 2.253 miles. Macon: Improvement of State Route 87, U.S. 23, 0.735
miles. Rossville: Improvement of State Route 1, U.S. 27, 0.116
miles.
In addition to the above projects, this division prepared plans and specifications for constructing two additional traffic lanes on the access road to Robins Air Force Base, in Bibb and Houston Counties, consisting of grading and paving of 11.421 miles; and also the relocation and improvement of 6.284 miles on State Route 1, U.S. 27, on the Summerville Rome road.

122 Twenty-Fourth Report, State Highway Department of Georgia
Design
The designing and preparation of plans and specifications for all urban projects have been performed by personnel of this division, with the exception of the completion of a contract with a private engineering concern for work on the Atlanta expressway.

Twenty-Fourth Report, State Highway Department of Georgia 128
Post Roads Division
GEORGE T. McDONALD, Director F. P. KING, Assistant Director
The Post Roads Division is responsible for furthering the Federal-aid Secondary program and the State program for the construction of Post Roads, including farm-to-market roads and other roads not on the State Highway System. These are also county roads.
Contracts Let
Greater progress has been made in the construction of Post Roads during this biennium than in any previous two-year period. This program has been carried out with both Federal and State funds under contracts let to competitive bids, either as Federal-aid Secondary projects or 100% State fund projects, and with State funds under contracts with officials of the various counties. These contracts have been well distributed among the counties throughout the State and close cooperation has been maintained with county road officials.
During the two years ending June 30, 1952, the Highway Department let contracts for improvements on Post Roads and farm-to-market roads not on the State Highway System amounting to over $12.3 million. These contracts covered 310 miles of grading, 216 miles of grading and base, 132 miles of base, 790 miles of bituminous surfacing, 23 miles of reseal and resurfacing, and 19 miles of concrete pavement, making a total of 1,490 miles of roadway improvements. These contracts also covered the construction of 44 bridges, 0.837 mile in length, the installation of 14 grade crossing signals, and bridge repairs in the amount of $30,268.00. The roadway improvements and the construction of bridges were made at an average cost of $8,211.00 per mile. A summary of the projects placed under contract is given below, and a detailed tabulation is presented elsewhere in this report.

124 Twenty-Fourth Report, State Highway Department of' Georgia

Federal-aid Secondary Projects 100% State Fund Projects TotaL

I Mileage I Cost

I

185.8 I$ 2,947,543

I
I -

1
-

,305.
--

2
-

-

9,377,108

I 1,491.0

$12,324,651

Organization
The Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1950 contains the follo\Ving requirement:
"Any State desiring to avail itself of the benefits of the funds apportioned for expenditure on the Federal-aid secondary highway system shall establish in its State highway department within six months after the close of the next regular session of its legislature, a secondary road unit and such department shall be suitably organized to discharge to the satisfaction of the Secretary of Commerce, the duties herein required."
A copy of Act No. 189 of the General Assembly of Georgia, approved March 18, 1937, establishing the Post Roads Division within the State Highway Department, was furnished to the Bureau of Public Roads, together with a statement describing the organization to be set up to handle the Federalaid Secondary program. The Bureau of Public Roads was also advised that under present State laws the State Highway Board may establish any organization necessary for carrying out the above provision of the Federal-Aid Highway Act. The Commissioner of Public Roads advised that he considered the Georgia law and organization complied with the requirements and that no additional legislation would be necessary.
Under this organization, an engineer is assigned to the Division of Construction and Surveys to work with field parties in making locations and in making investigations and reports as to the type of construction required on each particular road. He also contacts local road officials with reference to the location and the type of construction to be used. In the Division of Road Design, certain designers and draftsmen are designated to prepare plans for secondary roads and, to the extent possible, this system is followed in the Division of

Tw~nty-FGw th Report, State Higl. u:ay Department of Georgia 125
Bridges also. Through close cooperation between the various divisions concerned with the Federal-aid Secondary program, very satisfactory progress has been attained.
Federal-Aid Secondary System
This division, with assistance from the Division of Highway Planning, has submitted to the Bureau of Public Roads and had approved, additions to the Federal-aid Secondary System totaling 217.1 miles. The approved System as of June 30, 1952, comprises 12,506.6 miles, of which 6,828.1 miles are on the State Highway System and 5,678.5 miles are on county roads. The total mileage of county or Post Roads in the State is 76,509.7 miles.
Federal-Aid Programs
The Post Roads Division, with the cooperation of the Division of Highway Planning, continues to prepare and submit to the Bureau of Public Roads, programs of projects selected for improvement with Federal-aid funds. During this period, cne Federal-aid Primary program, two Federal-aid Secondary programs, and numerous individual, interim projects have been prepared and submitted. This division has also prepared necessary documents for the revision of a large number of projects and obtained approval of these revisions by the Bureau of Public Roads.

R esurfacing with hot plant mix sand asfJhalt by Stat e maintenance forces.

Twenty-Fourth Report, State Highway Department of Georgia 127
l)ivision of Maintenance, Equipment and Warehouse
C. W. LEFTWICH
State Highway Maintenance Engineer
The Division of Maintenance, Equipment and Warehouse is assigned the responsibility of keeping the roads and bridges of the State Highway System in a serviceable condition, for the purpose that the investment in highways will be conserved and traffic may operate both safely and economically for the benefit and convenience of the traveling public. Other activities of this division include the operation of shops for the repair and rebuilding of equipment; the warehousing of necessary parts, supplies, and materials; the placing of signs and center lines for the guidance and protection of the traveling public; the weighing of trucks to assist in the enforcement of the legal size and weight limits; and the issuance of permits for overweight and oversize vehicles.
Maintenance
Each of the field Division Engineers is assisted by a Highway Engineer in charge of maintenance activities. In addition, there are two Highway Maintenance Assistants, who are technically trained engineers, to aid in properly supervising the field maintenance forces in each division. The divisions are divided into 30 to 45 geographical subdivisions, known as patrol sections, each of which is in charge of a foreman known as a patrolman. The patrolman is responsible for the routine maintenance of roads in his section and has assigned to him the necessary labor and equipment to perform this work, which consists of scraping and shaping of earth roads, patching of pavements, control of grass and weeds on the right-ofway, maintaining adequate drainage, and other work as required.
Each division also has roving maintenance crews with special equipment and labor necessary to do resealing of asphalt pavements, heavy ditching, and reshaping of roadbeds, soil-

Stat e maintenance fo rces building shoulders and slopes on a r oad which had been resurfa ced.

Twenty-Fourth Repo1t, State Highway Department of Georgia 129

ing of earth roads, and other heavy work not ordinarily per-

formed by the regular patrol-section crews.

This division cooperates with the Division of Construction

in establishing, marking, and maintaining detours around con-

struction projects in order that the traveling public may be

inconvenienced as little as possible.

The appropriation of the General Assembly for this bi-

ennium provided additional funds for the maintenance of

highways and bridges, and with these increased funds, the

following work has been accomplished in addition to routine

maintenance activities:

Pavement Widened

91 miles $ 241,379

Bituminous Surfacing

. . . 1,716 miles. 5,178,936

Top Soil Patching

400 miles

421,250

Concrete Patching

214 miles . 195,817

Shoulders and Ditches Rebuilt 2,359 miles Major Bridge Repairs

930,890 1,111,922

Equipment
During the two fiscal years ending June 30, 1952, the State Highway Department purchased $2,344,496.09 worth of equipment for maintenance work. This equipment consisted of trucks, tractors, road machines, motor graders, asphalthandling equipment, etc., which was needed to replace wornout equipment and to provide additional pieces required for the expanded maintenance program.
Shops for the repair and overhaul of equipment are strategically located at Cartersville, Gainesville, Augusta, Thomaston, Albany, Swainsboro, Glennville, and Douglas. These shops are equipped to perform all types of repairs and in addition provide traveling mechanics to do repair work in the field.
Warehouses
Warehouses located at East Point and Douglas stock a selection of repair parts, tools, paint, tires, batteries, and other supplies which are used commonly in all sections of the State. A considerable saving is effected by purchasing these items in large quantities. Each warehouse is operated under the supervision of a Superintendent of Warehouse, who reports directly to the State Highway Maintenance Engineer.

Five Stat e H ighway crews are engaged in weighing trucks at approximately 75 different locations each week m an effort to obtain compliance with State laws governing weight and size of motor vehicles.

Twenty-Fourth Report, State Highway Department of Georgia 131
Center Line and Signs
Another activity of this division which provides safety and convenience for the traveling public is the fabrication and erection of road warning and directional signs, and the painting of center and barrier lines on paved roads. During the period of this report, center lines were painted on 19,682 miles of pavement, at a total cost of $673,738.84. The average cost per mile was $34.23, as compared with an average cost of $38.89 during the previous biennium, reflecting a reduction in cost of $4.66 per mile.
A special unit for the painting of bridges has been operating for eighteen months and during that period has painted 63 bridges at a total cost of $88,167.29.
A shop is operated at East Point for the preparation of signs and sign blanks to be distributed throughout the State. Reclamation of signs is an important function of this shop and 16,683 signs were reclaimed during the past two years.
The center line, sign, and bridge painting work is under the :;;upervision of the Superintendent of Center Line and Signs, who reports to the State Highway Maintenance Engineer.
Truck Weighing
In November, 1950, a program was inaugurated for the purpose of assisting the Georgia State Patrol in the enforcement of the law governing the weight and size of motor vehicles by weighing and inspecting motor trucks moving over the highways of the State. A special unit was organized for this work, which is in charge of a Superintendent, who reports to the State Highway Maintenance Engineer.
During the early stage of the truck-weighing program, four permanent pit scales were operated, which had been installed in 1939 for the use of the Division of Highway Planning in obtaining statistical data. However, it was found that a large number of trucks were by-passing the scales by traveling other routes, and it became necessary to use loadometers, or portable scales, to make the program effective. By using the portable scales, it is possible to move quickly and easily from one location to another and thereby discourage truck operators from attempting to avoid the scales, since it is never known on which roads the scales will be located next. Five

T
Fou r-lane highway bridge over G. S. and F. Railway near Cordele, State R oute 7 ( U . S. 41). Project FG/-001-2 (3).

Twenty-Fourth Report, State Highway Department of Georgia 133
crews conduct operations at approximately 75 different locations each week.
Members of the Georgia State Patrol assist the weighing crew in controlling traffic at the scene of the weighing operations and assume the responsibility of placing violators in the custody of the sheriff or other local county enforcement officers. When it is impossible for a State Trooper to be present, cases are made by an employee of the weighing crew, all of whom have been deputized for this purpose.
Since this program has been under way, overloading of trucks has been reduced considerably; however, there are still some violations of the legal limits and it is considered expedient to continue these weighing operations.
Permits for Overweight and Oversize Vehicles
The Superintendent in charge of truck weighing has been designated to issue special permits for the movement of vehicles over the public roads of the State which exceed the legal limits in weight or size. The following sections of this report contains an interpretation of the law governing limitations of weight and size, and other information concerning overweight vehicles.

ILLUSTRATICJ OF LIMITS OF WEIGHT S
SIZE OF MOTOR VEHICLES OPERATED IN GEORGIA

SINGLE UNIT, 2 AXLE TRUCK

MAXIMUM LENGTH - 35 FEET 1
MAXIMUM HEIGHT 132 FEET

MAXIMUM WIDTH

8 FEET

{BUMPER TO BUMPER) (OVERALL)

Maximum gross weight not to exceed 36.000 lbs. but in no event to exceed
18,000 lbs. on any axle.

26 FEET

W = 700 ( 26 -1- 40) = 46,200 LBS

SINGLE UNIT, 3-AXLE TRUCK

MAXIMUM LENGTH MAXIMUM HEIGHT MAXIMUM WIDTH

35 FEET {BUMPER TO BUMPER)
13~ FEET (OVERALL)
8 FEET

Maximum gross weight not to exceed 46,200 lbs.
but in no event to exceed 18,000 lbs.on any axle.

= 54.000 LBS.

TRACTOR TRUCK SEMI TRAILER COMBINATION

MAXiMUM LENGTH MAXIMUM HEIGHT MAXIMUM WIDTH

45 13~
-8

FEET (BUMPER TO BUMPER) FEET (OVERALLl FEET

Maximum gross weight
not to exceed 53,200 lbs. but in no event to exceed 18,000 lbs. on any axle.

" 54,000 LBS. W=700 (36+40)=53.200l85
Explanations of the above illustrations are presented on the opposite page.

Twenty-FouTth Report, State Highway DepaTtment of GeoTgia 135

Limitations of Weight and Size of Motor Vehicles

An Act of the General Assembly, approved March 27, 1941 (Act No. 262, Georgia Laws 1941, pp. 449-454) as amended by Act approved February 21, 1951, fixed the limitations of weight and size of motor vehicles which may be operated upon the public roads of the State. An interpretation of the Act is given below, and any inquiries concerning the law on this subject, or applications for permits to transport loads which exceed these limits, should be addressed to the State Highway Department of Georgia, No. 2 Capitol Square, Atlanta 3, Georgia.

The Act is applicable to all trucks, whether operated privately or for hire.

Size

No vehicles shall exceed a width including any load of

8 Feet

No vehicles with or without load shall exceed a height of 13Y2 Feet

No vehicle shall exceed a length overall, including bumpers, of 35 Feet

except busses of motor common carriers, which shall not

exceed a length overall, including bumpers, of

40 Feet

Combinations may not exceed two vehicle> or units and when

so combined, overall length shall not exceed

' 45 Feet

Loads of poles, logs, lumber, structural steel, piping, and timber may

exceed the length herein fixed without requiring a special permit.

Weight
There are two methods, under the law, by which the permitted weight may be determined, and it is provided that the lesser of the two must prevail.
(1) The gross weight (weight of vehicle and lading) shall not exceed 9,000 lbs. per wheel carrying low pressure pneumatic tires and the gross weight shall not exceed 18,000 lbs. per axle. All axles must be at least 40 inches apart.
(2) Under this method the gross weight (weight of vehicle and lading) is determined by the application of a formula devised by the American Association of State Highway Officials.
The formula is- W = C (L plus 40) where W = the total gross weight C=700 L =Distance between the front and rear axle (in feet) of the vehicle or combination.
(Illustrations are presented on the opposite page.)

Portable loadqmeter scales are used satisfactorily in weighing trucks in the enforcem ent of the legal weight limits.

Twenty-Four-th Repor-t, State Highway Department of Georgia 137
Overweight Vehicles
In March, 1951, the State Highway Board issued a statement on the subject of overweight vehicles operating upon the highways of the State, for the information of truck operators and the general public. This statement is considered of sufficient importance and interest to warrant inclusion in this report and it is, therefore, reproduced below.
"Since there are serious complaints being made by many citizens about the condition of State highways in Georgia, and since strenuous efforts to keep them in good condition have not succeeded as well as the public has demanded, reviews have been made to ascertain the nature of the road defects and what is causing them.
"This search has revealed that there have been many instances where, regardless of intensive effort to keep road surfaces patched up and to hold the pavement together, the steady pounding of the wheels of traffic have finally knocked the pavement to pieces and forced rebuilding of the entire surface. In some cases, the pavement may have had too little strength to take the loads now allowed by law. We are attempting to rebuild this type of road as rapidly as funds can be found, but the Highway Department should be empowered to fix more reasonable load limits for vehicles moving over such weak roads.
"In other cases, the facts seem to show that a greater percentage of trucks are continually being added to the traffic, and gradually increasing numbers of these trucks carry loads above limits authorized by law, and this has speeded the destruction of pavements that should have lasted longer.
"In 1913, seven years before the Georgia Highway Department was created, three of the states, which at that time had established their highway departments, found it necessary to fix maximum limits on weights of vehicles. Fixing limits was necessary so the bridges and roadbeds could be designed with enough strength to take the loaded vehicles, so that money would not be wasted in excessive structural designs.
"The Deputy Commissioner of Highways of New York was quoted in 1919 as saying:

138 Twenty-Fourth Report, State Highway Department of Georgia
'There must be an arbitrary limit of load for which we can ~esign our roads. Otherwise, as fast as they are built, roads will attract to themselves traffic heavier than they are designed to bear. The road and the load will be forever outstripping each other with great economic loss both of original investment in the road and in the appalling high maintenance.'
"As soon as the Georgia Highway Department began road construction, the same weight-limit question arose. The Acts of 1927 of the Georgia Legislature fixed the limits for motor vehicles at 22,000 lbs. gross weight, 17,600 lbs. per axle. Amendments have been adopted revising these limits so that 18,000 lbs. per axle and a sliding scale of gross weights based on a formula, including the distance from front to rear axle of the truck, are now the weight controls established by the present law, which was passed in 1941.
"The present law has been in effect for 11 years. All truck manufacturers, the officers of trucking companies, and drivers of all motor vehicles have had ample opportunity for informing themselves on the limitations.
"Georgia's maximum allowable axle weight of 18,000 lbs. is the same as is now in effect in all except one of the 12 southeastern states, including Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tenressee, Virginia and West Virginia. The one exception to the 18,000-lb. axle allowance is South Carolina, which permits 20,000 lbs. Yet, in South Carolina, the total gross weight is limited to a considerably lower- figure than is permitted in Georgia.
"According to information compiled by the Highway Research Board, the gross weight allowed by Georgia is greater than is allowed by Alabama, Louisiana, Kentucky, Tennessee, South Carolina, Virginia, and Mississippi, while North Carolina allows the same gross weight as Georgia. Arkansas, Florida and West Virginia permit greater gross weights than Georgia and North Carolina. The allowable weight limits provided in Georgia's law appear to be liberal and in keeping with those of a majority of the neighboring southeastern states.
"Since 1927, the structures and pavements have been designed to carry weights of vehicles authorized by law to

Twenty-Fourth Report, State Highway Department of GeoTgia 139
travel the roads. When loads greater than those for which the roads were built are moved over the highways, such loads are not only transported contrary to law, but they endanger the lives of citizens, and destroy the roads themselves.
"There have been several recent instances in Georgia where day-after-day pounding by heavily-loaded trucks has been startlingly destructive. One such was on State Route 61, in Bartow County, where on one lane of the two-lane concrete road a procession of trucks loaded with construction material traveled to the Allatoona Dam; on the other lane of the road the trucks returned empty. The pavement in the lane that carried loaded trucks broke down far more quickly, more completely and in longer sections than in the lane carrying empty trucks.
"In a test in Maryland on a 1.1-mile section of reinforced concrete pavement of standard, modern design, the test road was divided into four separate sections. On one section, single-unit trucks with axle weight of 18,000 lbs. were driven back and forth; on a second section, single-unit trucks with axle loads of 22,400 lbs. were driven; over a third section, trucks with tandem, or double rear axles, of 32,000 lbs. per tandem were operated; and on the fourth section, trucks with tandems weighing 44,800 lbs. were driven.
"Before the scheduled time of conducting the tests ended, the fourth section, on which the 44,800-lb. tandem trucks had operated, was closed because it had broken up to such extent that it needed reconstruction. At the time of closing, this section had developed eleven times more feet of cracks in the pavement than had been caused in the adjoining third section on which the tandems of 32,000 lbs. had operated.
"Also the second section, on which the 22,400-lb. singleaxle trucks operated, had developed six times as much footage of cracks as had been caused in the adjoining first section which had been traveled over by the single-unit trucks of 18,000-lb. axle loads.
"Responsible highway officials of the 12 southeastern states recently concluded that further tests should be conducted on other types of pavement, but under existing conditions there is a strong belief that present load limits are too high for most of the older roads and might need revising downward.

140 Twenty-Fourth Report, State Highway Department of Georgia
"Since investigating the situation in Georgia and in other states, with relation to -this problem, it appears that every effort should be exerted to keep existing roads in the best state of maintenance that is possible with available manpower and funds; and as much mileage of substandard roads should be rebuilt as funds will permit, but this Board would nevertheless be negligent of its duty to the citizens of the State if it did not also point out the evident part that the overloaded vehicle is playing in the continuing breakdown of more and more miles of good pavement.
"It is the duty of the Board to aid as much as possible in preventing further destruction of these roads by all means that can be found. One abuse that could be reduced is that resulting from the overloaded vehicles, and the Board has authorized that help in men and equipment shall be provided to assist the Georgia State Patrol in checking heavy vehicles to discover those operating overweight.
"The portable scales used by State Troopers and Highway employees in weighing trucks are standard, recognized equipment made for this work. Thirty-three other states report that regular use is made of this type of scale. In obtaining some truck weights for statistical and design purposes, this Department has been using scales of this type since 1939.
"Three states have had favorable rulings from their attorney general as to legal aspects of using the portable scales in enforcement of legal load limit. Ten states report that validity of portable scales as a weighing device has been tested in the courts. None reported any unfavorable decision. The experience of this Department over the past 13 years indicates that with periodic testing and reasonable care the loadometer or portable scale would render good service and acceptable accuracy.
"It would seem that preserving and protecting the roads of the State would be of so great importance to those who use them for business profit that they should be among the first to support earnest and sincere efforts to prevent their illegal misuse.
"The members of the State Highway Board sincerely believe that they will receive cooperation and help from the hundreds of truck-line operators and independent haulers whose first need must always be for safe roads over which

Twenty-FouTth Repor-t, State Highway Department of GeoTgia 141
to send their valuable cargoes. If all conform to the same restrictions, unfair competition should be more easily controlled, and the great mass of our citizens will certainly expect the truck operators to help preserve their greatest transportation asset, the highways of the State.
"The State Highway Board and the State Highway Department invite you to use your highways and to help protect them for use again and again."
Permits for Overweight and Oversize Vehicles
Act No. 108 of the General Assembly, approved February 12, 1951, authorized the Chairman of the State Highway Board, or the official of the State Highway Department designated by the Chairman, to issue a special permit in writing authorizing the applicant to operate or move a motor vehicle or combination of vehicles, the weight of which vehicle and load exceeds the maximum limit prescribed by law, upon the public highways of the State; provided that the load transported is of such nature that it is a unit which cannot be readily dismantled or separated.
Act No. 262, approved March 27, 1941, authorized the Georgia Public Service Commission to issue a permit for the operation of vehicles exceeding the length allowed by law for some temporary or special purpose. In order to avoid duplication of effort and to eliminate confusion in the issuance of overweight permits by one State department and overlength permits by another department, the Public Service Commission passed an order on February 26, 1951, delegating its authority to issue overlength permits to the Chairman of the State Highway Board, or to the official designated by the Chairman.
In accordance with the above, the Chairman of the State Highway Board has designated the Superintendent in charge of truck weighing as the official authorized to issue permits for vehicles exceeding the legal limits in weight or size.

TRAFFIC FLOW MAP STATE HIGHWAY SYSTEM
1951
Prepared by DIVISION OF HIGHWAY PLANNING

Twenty-Fourth Report, State Highway Department of Georgia 143
Division of Highway Planning
OPERATED IN COOPERATION WITH U. S. BUREAU OF PUBLIC ROADS
ROY A. FLYNT
State Highway Planning Engineer
The Division of Highway Planning is operated in cooperation with the U. S. Bureau of Public Roads and is financed jointly with Federal and State funds. Since 1934, the various Federal-Aid Highway Acts of Congress have authorized the use of 1% per cent of all Federal-aid highway funds for engineering and economic studies for advance planning. These Federal funds are matched by State funds.
The principal functions of the Division of Highway Planning consist of conducting continuing fact-finding studies, economic investigations, fiscal studies, inventories of highway systems, traffic safety engineering, rural traffic surveys, urban traffic studies, preparation of State and county maps, and recording the history of road development. Reports and recommendations prepared on the basis of these studies and records are designed to aid the members of the State Highway Board and other officials of the Highway Department in the formulation of policies and the intelligent planning for future highway needs, including a long-range highway improvement program. lVIuch of the work as carried on by this division has been made a prerequisite of approval for Federal-aid construction projects.
Traffic Safety Engineering
During this biennium, this division has surveyed traffic and highway conditions and made recommendations for the improvement of traffic movement and safety at a total of 297 locations on the State Highway System. These were made in 152 municipalities and 145 rural areas, and covered sections of the Highway System in 110 counties. The total included 205 locations at which traffic conditions were investigated in connection with the issuance of permits for the erection and operation of traffic signals on State highways. Plans and recommendations covering signal installations or other types

144 Twenty-Fourth Report, State Highway Department of Georgia
of improvements were made for each of these locations, such as Stop, Speed Limit, Parking, Warning and other signs.
Recommendations were made for complete new route, directional and warning signs for 111 highway routes through municipalities, for ten U. S. Numbered Routes throughout their length in the State, and for six other locations on State highways. Recommendations concerning parking, routing, speed zoning, channelization and other improvements were made for 71 other locations.
This division prepared typical plans or standards for entrance and exit for commercial driveways and drive-in theaters, as incorporated in the Rules and Regulations for the Control and Protection of State Highway Rights-of-Way adopted by the State Highway Board. Field investigations have been made at a number of sites where major traffic problems were encountered, and the sites and layouts of 20 drive-in theaters have been checked for traffic safety.
Annual studies of traffic speed and speed trends on State highways have been made. The information obtained was furnished to the Bureau of Public Roads and when combined with similar information furnished by other states is useful to the Highway Department in the establishment of highway design standards.
Copies of all reports of traffic accidents reported by the Georgia State Patrol are furnished to the Division of Highway Planning by the Department of Public Safety. These reports are reviewed each month and any highway conditions reported by the State Patrol as having caused or having been a factor in an accident are reported to the field division engineers so that the conditions may be corrected immediately. A total of 2,203 locations have been reported to and checked by the field division engineers du~ing this biennium. An analysis of the accident experience on all highways for the past three years is also being made and used in the preparation of the long-range highway improvement program.
Rural Traffic Surveys
Traffic counts are being obtained 24 hours a day, every day in the year, by the use of traffic-recording machines at 24 permanent stations located at strategic points throughout the State. Fifteen of these stations are located on main or

Twenty-Fourth Report, State Highway Department of Georgia 145
through highways and nine are located on roads having local or farm-to-market characteristics. In conjunction with the permanent stations, some of which have been in operation 14 years, 280 stations, having 1,082 count locations, have been in operation for the past five years. Traffic counts are made at these locations four times a year during the four seasons and these counts are expanded to give seasonal variations and annual averages for any given location within the State.
A traffic survey has been under way since January, 1950, which shows the annual average traffic on all roads within a county. From these figures, it is possible to determine the actual traffic-carrying requirements of the roads in any given area, and improvement programs can be prepared on the basis of actual traffic demand or usage.
A loadometer or truck-weighing survey is conducted four times yearly during the four seasons at strategic points throughout the State to obtain data on truck types, changes in truck traffic volumes and weights, loading practices, etc. These data are furnished to the Bureau of Public Roads and when combined with similar data from other states are used to establish trends in traffic classification, in the weights and weight distribution of commercial vehicles and the quantities of goods transported.
A 1951 traffic flow map of the entire State Highway System is included in this report and additional copies may be obtained from the Division of Highway Planning upon request.
Load-Condition Study
Since January, 1952, a special study has been in progress in Georgia as part of a nationwide study to measure quantitatively the performance of road surfaces under varying frequencies of heavy loads. Six roadway test sections were selected adjacent to six loadometer stations. At or near the weight station, a section of road was selected which had relatively uniform design and construction features. The length of the section is sufficient to insure stability in the frequency of occurrence of cracks or other indications of surface failure or deterioration. This study is being conducted in cooperation with the Division of Materials and Tests, which makes the subgrade tests and pavement borings, and the factual data are being gathered by the field engineering personnel. The

146 Twenty-Fourth Report, State Highway Department of Georgia
Division of Highway Planning is compiling and recording the field data and coordinating the various phases of the study. The recording of the field data consists of reducing field notes for levels and cross sections and the preparation of charts to scale for each test section, showing various roadway elements, such as location of all joints and cracks, extent and class of subgrade pumping, joint and crack openings, depth of faulting at joints and cracks, spalling, interior and exterior corner breaks, shoulder and drainage conditions, etc.
Urban Studies
Traffic problems in urban areas continue to receive special study by the Division of Highway Planning. Such studies include comprehensive traffic surveys covering volumes and character of traffic and routes followed by various vehicles. The purpose of these studies is to secure highway transportation data which will aid the Highway Department in providing improved traffic service in and near the principal cities, and to aid city planners in dealing with the critical traffic and parking problems existing within these areas.
Studies are being made in connection with the selection of the Federal-aid Urban System, as required by the FederalAid Highway Act of 1944. This system of Federal-aid routes in urban areas of 5,000 or more population is selected by the State Highway Department, in cooperation with the city officials, and approved by the Bureau of Public Roads, and will constitute the only routes on which Federal-aid Urban funds may be expended. The Urban System has been approved in 16 of the 40 urban areas.
The urban area boundaries of places of 5,000 or more population were fixed on the basis of reports prepared by this division, and studies continue to be made to determine desirable revisions that should be made in these boundaries, particularly where the city limits have been extended.
Road Inventory
A complete re-inventory of all roads is in progress, which will bring the records up to date and permit the preparation of revised county maps. This road inventory includes the measurement of all public roads in the State, in accordance with an Act of the General Assembly of 1951, as outlined in

Twenty-FouTth RepoTt, State Highway DepaTtment of GeoTgia 147
a preceding section of this report. Information is being obtained on each road to show the
type of grading, base and surface; the width of surface, roadbed and right-of-way; topography and culture in sight of the road, such as farm units, dwellings, schools, churches, cemeteries, airports, lakes, streams, railroads and public parks. The information being obtained on bridges includes type of substructure, type of superstructure for each span, length of spans, and other data. Information is also being obtained on each railway-highway crossing, indicating the sight distance, kind of obstructions which restrict clear views and type of protective devices, to enable preparation of programs for protecting the most dangerous ones by flashing lights, gates, or separation structures. As of June 30, 1952, the re-inventory had been completed in 71 counties, having a total mileage of approximately 40,000 miles, or about 43 per cent of the mileage of all roads in the State.
Maps
Maps of all counties in Georgia, prepared by this division, are available to the public at cost. As the re-inventory is completed for each county, revised maps are being prepared. These maps show all roads, streams, railroads, municipalities, militia districts, and items of culture as mentioned above. The value and usefulness of these maps are evidenced by the large demand from individuals, business and engineering concerns, and governmental agencies. During the past two years, an average of over 100 orders per month have been filled, varying in quantity from one map to a complete set of 159 maps.
The official map of the State Highway System, issued for free distribution, has been revised twice during this biennium, and an entirely new map is now being drawn.
Road Life Study
The Road Life Study has as its objective the assembly of records of highway construction and retirement on the State Highway System. Generally, the information can be used, as insurance companies use mortality tables, to determine by actuarial method the mileage of pavement surfaces that it will be necessary to retire on a long-range basis. From these rec ords survivor curves can be developed and used in determin

148 Twenty-FouTth RepoTt, State Highway DepaTtment of GeoTgia
ing the probable life of various types of pavement surfaces. The Road Life Study provides a complete record of every
road and bridge on the State System constructed by the Highway Department since its organization in 1916. These records show the amount of expenditure for each type of construction, a detailed description of each road and bridge by location, type of surface, length, width, year built, and all subsequent retirements and reconstruction.
Fiscal Study
Each year information is compiled on the revenue, expenditures, and outstanding bond indebtedness for roads and streets of all counties and municipalities in the State. These data are obtained directly from the records of the local governmental units. Monthly and annual statistical reports are prepared for the use of Highway officials and the Bureau of Public Roads on motor-vehicle registrations, highway-user taxes, and highway expenditures.
Route Inspection Reports
Field inspections are made and route reports prepared by the Division of Highway Planning on all projects before location surveys are made. These reports contain information on the population to be served, the source and volume of traffic, any alternate routes considered feasible, present condition of the road, gradients, stream crossings, railway-highway crossings, railroad and traffic hazards, and other features which will be of assistance in selecting the most advantageous route on which the permanent roadbed is to be constructed. These route inspection reports are distributed to the various divisions of the Highway Department and the Bureau of Public Roads, and used as guides for location and design.
Records of Highway Systems
This division assembles factual data required by the Bureau of Public Roads in justification of all projects included in the various Federal-aid programs and prepares reports to substantiate requests for additions to or changes in the Federalaid Systems. Records are kept of the State Highway System and the various Federal-aid Systems. An annual report is compiled, of which copies are furnished to the Bureau of

Twenty-Fourth Report, State Highway Department of Georgia 149
Public Roads, giving information as to the mileage and surface type of roads constructed during the year and the total mileage by surface types of the State Highway System, county roads, and the Federal-aid Systems.
Tabulations are made of the State Highway System by routes, counties and Congressional Districts, for use by other units of the Highway Department and the State and local governments. A tabulation of the official mileage of the State Highway System and other public roads in each county is furnished to the State Treasurer as of the beginning of each fiscal year, which is used as a basis for the apportionment and disbursement of the State funds appropriated by the General Assembly to the counties for construction and maintenance of roads.

COUNTY RECEIPTS AND EXPENDITURES FOR ROADS AND BRIDGES
For Eleven-Year Period 1940-1950

RECEIPTS

EXPE-"DITURES

COUNTY

County Revenue Receipts from Highway Refunding Total Receipts

for Roads

State Treasurer Certificat('s and For County Roads

and Bridges (Motor-Fuel Tax) Forestry Funds

and Bridges

Construction
and 11ain t('ll:lnce

Cost of
Ri~ht-of-Way
(All Systems)

Bonds and I Total Expend!tures

Interest

for County Roads

Rctir('mcnts , and Bridges

Appling.

$ 267.643

Atkinson

53,390

Bacon

139,S67

Baker

32,545

Baldwin ...

695,273

Banks ..

123,367

Barrow....

129.830

Bartow.

733:951

Ben Hill ..

257,499

Berrien_

264,206

Bibb ...

2,131,020

Bleckley ...

113,690

Brantley .

31,385

Brooks ...

398,577

Bryan

67,502

Bulloch.

486,636

Burke

124,852

Butts

399,378

Calhoun ...

164,062

Camden

127,020

Candler ..

55,000

Carroll

1,244,317

Catoosa

201,829

Charlton ..

86,979

Chatham ............. 2,428,480

Chattahoochee ..

4.157

Chattooga ....

554,304

Cherokee .... .

454.998

Clarke ...

702,651

Clay

14.205

Clayton.. ..........

462.075

Clinch.

20.979

Cobb

2.824,768

Coffee

270,253

Colquitt.

1,641.215

Columbia ....

101,591

Cook

287.575

Coweta

1,126,088

Crawford ..

86.914

Crisp...... ........... 163,291

$ 419,885 3C4,010 239.039 233,3.'\3
208.169
226.662 267.526 393,989
269,606 427,905 251,535
193.872 317,717 440,587
301,052 560,020
610,764 2C6.450
239.C61 288,755
230.038 537,367
182,869
365.661 411,508 163,422 205,C87
381.327 202.8C8
175.924 211.726 48.347
383,325 441.157 8.817 264.101
188.711 358.547 261.021
297,491

$ 102,488
1,399 82
35,934 6,140
440,595 18.019
179.660
724
2,366 157,000 41.181 627,040
536 49,902 186.490
650
ii:o73
244.367 9,513

$ 790.016 357,400
379,0C6
265.898 904,841
350, Ill 433,290
1,127,940 533,245
692.111 2.823,150
307.562 367,121 1,018,824
368,554
1,046.656 736.340 605,828 403,123 418,141
28'i.038 1.938,684
384,698 493,821
3,467,028 167.579
759.927 886.227 1,092.019 190,129
673.801 o19.976 3,2C8.093 711.410
2,090.032 3fi5.fi92 482.3.'\9
1,729,002
357.448 460,782

$ 525.238 2S8,368 316,1i38
236,656 709,090 301.1:46
365.040 l.fl7'l.i35
519,439
635,550
2.096.225 286,675
326.681 688.405 342,373 1,1107,397
758.105 51:6.339 377,228
373.563 291,610 1,348.297
327.920 377.894
2.230.615 lfi2,872
612 ..156 813.243 747.938 169, "64
fi?8.294 325.249 2.'187.163 664.089
1.680,831 351,548
43fi.267 1,493,885
341.904 413,210

$ 17.628 3.1S6 9,31:8
2,189
9.C34 515
9,3.'il
54.586 9,172
25.1l86 50.988 10,089
6.287 21.686
2,320 29,670
1,591 7,386 2.436 5,619
11,559
10.558 3,593 3,585
121,560
10 24.961
2.84fi 17,167
l.i04 14.947 5,634
35.6CO
14.873 12.047
5,933 8,075
16.748 998
14,716

$ 140,736 29,327 11.250 44.529 54,650
499,342
348.155 220
91,662
226,230 55,454 21,000
1.300,319
310,885
.. 294,~?5
/,10
273,800 69,483 253,484

$ 683,602 301,564
354,673 238,845
729,374 346,090 429,041
1,128,321 528,611 660.636
2,646,555 296,764
332,968 1,058,246
344,693 I ,037,287
759,696 605,387
379,664 379,182 303,169
1,585,085 386,967 402,479
3,652,494 162,882 637,517
816,089 1.075,990
I 71.268 643,241
330,883 2,717,938
679,712 1,971,678
357,481 513.825
1,764,117 342,902 427,926

COUNTY RECEIPTS AND EXPENDITURES FOR ROADS AND BRIDGES-Continued
For Eleven-Year Period 1940-1950

RECEIPTS

EXPENDITURES

COUNTY

I County Revenue I Receipts from Highway Refunding Total Receipts

for Roads

State Treasurer

Certificates and for County Roads

and Bridges (Motor-Fwl Tax) Forestry Funds

and Bridges

Construction and
:!\1aintenance

Cost of Right-of-Way
(All Systems)

Bonds and Interest
Retirements

Total Expenditures for County Roads
and Bridges

-------------1-----------

----------------------------1-----------r,----------r---------r-------------

Dade

$ 125,844

Dawson.. _.

37,762

Decatur
DcKalb~~

363,326 4,080,045

Dodge Dooly

448.778 354,754

Dougherty

407,914

Douglas

295,288

Early

437,365

Echols

12,468

Effingham

173,903

Elbert

~

~

~

~

399,:153

Emanuel

~

~

~

~

270.532

Evans

51,425

Fannin

~~~~~

353,258

Fayette

. ~

41,709

Floyd

1,762.308

Forsyth

~~~~~

134,768

Franklin

~~~~~

153,939

Fulton

~ 34,742,058

Gilmer

~

~

~

~

~

297,008

Glascock

~

~

~

15.972

Glynn

~

~

~

1,124,036

Gordon

994,889

Grady

220.285

Greene

_____ _

~:~~~sl:!m ------

88,985 864,454
225,023

Hall

1.167.685

Hancock

..... .

Haralson _________________ _

193,595 496.363

Harris

566,606

Hart

287,309

Heard

47,932

~

~

~

~

Henry

416,781

Houston ...

210,863

Irwin

166.511

Jackson __

345.538

Jasper

112,034

Jeff Davis.

116,458

$ 229,354 306,092 446,197
403,942 465,176 384,279
256,086 233,246 342,286 291,291
394,202 349,276
667,457 192,480 219,199 246,160
354,332 234,747
330,368 741,013 270,856
168,889 298,487
269.790 498,313
318,C64
489,452 315,823
4C6.480 306,091
309.994 419,179 305.060
258.545
352,889 327,830 238,939 .
329,556
398,631 241.773

$

294

4,855

185.815

57,606 197,566
26,695

33.275 221,995
53,912 9,372 9,337
53.966 28,378
106,800 10,285 38,788 26.579 20,5rxl
199,931 500
4,000 14,966 21.336 39,652
109,795 144,695
25,000 9,446

$ 355,492 348,709
995,338 4,483,987
913,954
796,639 861,566
555,229 779,651 303,759 568,105
831.904 1,159,984
243,905
626,369 297,241 2.125,977 369,515
484.307 35,542,037
596,242
184,861 1,529.323 1,274,964
757,386 433,628
1,374,406 740,777
1.574.665
503,686 821,323 1,007,121
632,021 306,477 879,465 68:l.338
405,450 700,094
520,111 358,231

$ 284,765 301,390 662,954
3,797,573 871,670
683,683 731,261 441,233
766,465 267,150
557,063 565,964 839,117 205,358 616,593
269,716 1,696,821
357,631
326,138 21,020.570
500.969 136,855 820,155
941,104 609,969
441,017 1,296,895
487,070 1.469.604
480,542
714.325 900.376 462,399
248,901 763.461 415.555
389,222 663,357
493.499 307,075

$ 16,319 697
1, 731 63,936
7,221
2,542 300
2,295
4,405 7,149
85
615 14,757 18,157 4,505 2,847
20.056 951
7,888 2,227.013
3,732 4,G65 6,803
14,953 6,739
866 3,437 4,858
7,697 7.797 9,117
13,139 6,102 3,910
:-~go
21,208
11.2:15 15.823
4,495 4,394

$ 122,005 22,550 283,017 753,339
111,967 197,040 88,269
199.298 267.720 23,368 38,317
413,670
32,335 2,537,521
88,426
397,541 336,586 121,827
6,300 160,650 251,500
23,941 115,030
128,914
119,679 152,669 24.866 23,095
31,030

$ 423,089 324,637
952,702 4,614,943
378,891 798,197
928,601 531,797 770,870 274,299
557,153 765,377 1,121,594 247,333 659,415
272,563 2.130,547
358,632 366,361
25.835,104 598,127 140,920
1,224,499
1,292.648 738.585 441.883
1,311.632 6.12,578
1.728.801 512,280 838,522
993,565 597,415
252,311 883,720 589,432
425,323 707,275
502,994 342,499

-

COUNTY RECEIPTS AND EXPENDITURES FOR ROADS AND BRIDGES-Continued

For Eleven-Year Period 1940-1950

COUNTY

RECEIPTS

County Revenue Receipts from Hi~hway Refunding

for Roads

State Treasurer

Certificates and

and Bridges (Motor-Fuel Tax) Forestry Funds

I
Total Receipts for County Roads
and Bridges

Construction and
MaintenancP

~
E X P E :\1 DITU R E s

Cost of
Right~of~Way
(All Systems)

Bonds and Interest
Retinments

Total Expenditures for County Roads
and Bridges

Jefferson

Jenkins

.....

Johnson

Jones

Lamar

..

Lanier

......

Laurens Lee __ .

.......

Liberty...

Lincoln.

Long

Lowndes

Lumpkin

.......

Macon

.

Madison

Marion

McDuffie

Mcintosh

Meriwether

......

Miller

.....

Mitchell

.......

Monroe

Montgomery

Morgan

...

Murray

.....

Muscogee

..

Newton

.....

Oconee

Oglethorpe

Paulding

.....

Peach

..

Pickens

.....

Pierce Pike

....

Polk

Pulaski

Putnam

...

Quitman

.

Rabun

Randolph ..

$ 183,721 92,414
142,992
217,772 154,682
3,806
947,956 57,053 40,736
18,827 14,109 553,520 58,409
88,194 90,785 18,239
102,007 297,990
258,691 189,469 249,9:>8
215,709 83,809
304,995 127,470
3,379,874 185,806 61,056 89,374 120,809
66,190 158,058
143.852 139,824
950,294 56,880 130,978 9,061
218,383
129,056

$ 564,587 242,569 260,934
308,823 181,730 338,275
645,981 267,465 391,354
220,525 210,948 515,859 257,587
476,560 324,363
241,676 225,779 192_7q7
472,803 r7s,n4 530,323
448,103 250,913
278,862 210,210 296,608
381,296 199,662 295,975
357,394 170,503 306,584
255,045 I 76,739
247,207 218,259 283,912 159,563 231,783
226,144

$

6,231
219,456 53,026 96,795
------
196,455 19,800 153.596 4,375 107,605 5,163 413,900 47,735 13,055
67,479 84,940 91,705 67,420
6,722 168,196

$ 748,308 334,983 403,926 532,826
336.412 342,081 1,593,937
324,518 432.090 239,352 225,057
1,288,835 369,022 661,549 415,148
259,915 327,786 490,787
927,949 384,993
933,883 668,187 334,722
691.462 342,843
4,090,382 614,837 273,773 385,349
478,203 236,693 532,121
483,837 316,563 1,289,206 275,139
482.310 168,624 625,084 355,200

$ 660,609 319.055
327.581 523,847 342,093 147,650
1,163,841 268,633 318,252 221,179
167,626 824,141
267.789 486,745
402.050 248,905
317,648 337,112 676,018 367,094 671,230
676,295
281.057 454,289
292,644 2,657,460
543,127
240,833 303.497
338,027 224,594 424,167 282,337 313.811 976,222
257,624 482,926 152,598 341,636 361,176

$ 15,082 $ 172,747

2,610

2,889

28,350

1.3UO

5,245

8,1!42

37,471

721,272

7,339

22,801

7,544

423

1,220

25.0CO

53,787

290,970

2.412

50,386

450

165,3:>6

6,001

1,010

876

11,523

15,346

3,725

251,228

12,340

44,139

277.350

1,958

10,330

23,981

279,563

742

14,845

1,096,712

13,209

790

9,020

47,160

890

41,406

2,067

1,407

79,165

22,770

87,:>85

265

19.457

310,992

10,493

88,283

4.978

6.833

29,975

80,631

2,493
I

$ 848,438 321,665 358,820 525,147
347,338 155.692 1,922,584 298,773
32:>,796 221,602 193,846 1,168,898
320,587 652,:>51
408,051 249,915 318,:>24
363,981 930,971 379,434
992,719 678,2:>3
291,387 757,833
293,386 3, 769,017
556,336 241.623
359,677 380,323
226,661 504,739 392,692 314,076
1,306,671 356,400 487,904 159,431 452,242 363,669

J

COUNTY RECEIPTS AND EXPENDITURES FOR ROADS AND BRIDGES-Continued
For Eleven-Year Period 1940-1950

RECEIPTS

COUNTY

County Revenue Receipts from Highway Refunding

For Roads

State Treasurer

Ce-rtificates and

and Bridges (Motor-Fuel Tax) Forestry Funds

Total Receipts for County Roads
and Bridges

Richmond Rockdale Schley Screven Seminole Spalding Stephens Stewart_.
Sumter Talbot Taliaferro Tattnall Taylor Telfair Terrell Thomas Tift Toombs Towns Treutlen Troup
Turner Twiggs Union Upson Walker Walton Ware Warren
Washington Wayne
Webster Wheeler White Whitfield Wilcox Wilkes Wilkinson Worth
Total

. ...
.. . .. .. ....
...
...
...
...... ...
....
.....
.

$ 866,145 124,180
26,076 178,193 69,905 1,188,659 417,714
161,904 377,423
50,509
8,179 31,134 20,931 187,127
289,853 747,163 595,059
254,139 8,730 7,954
883.213 338,824
62,745
8,162 1,084,167
1,110,406
416,179 360,534
44,269 154,701 174,057
30,788 11,131 97,756 721,881 2.54,436
185,814 121,411
434,928

$94,537,773

$ 345,382 195,443 175,051 486,263 187,377 212,889 193,982 233,922 404,437 340,778 185,905 403,544 345,779 490,787 254,290 598,256 253,942 369,615 191,429 260,237 356,316 271,653 291,575 218,582 250,584 372,279 326,731 467.218 298.886 513,118 363.705 184,941 291,705 196.930 228,084 326,167 280,228 288,386 437,112
$50,356,043

$ 618,033
20,375
188,845 70,689 12,243
157,685
135,76.1 78,322 88,930 82,232 26,327
315,628
14,026 24,495
2,i35
317,841
10,647 78,030
13,306 23.667 132,742
10 108,375
24,502
$8,189,602

$ 1,829,560 319,623 201,127 684,831 257,282
1,590,393 682,385 408,069 939,545 391,287 194,084 434,678 366,710 677,914 679,908
1,423,741 937,931 705,986 22fi,4B6 268,191
1,555,157 610,477 354,320 240,770
1,359,:246 1,481,420
742,910 1,145,593
343,155 678,466 61.1,792 215,729 316,142 318,353 1,082,707 580,613 574,417 409,797 896,542
$1.13,083,418

Construction and
Maintenance
$ 1,089,408 239,806 180,726 641,454 272,211
1,270,656 506,326 355,774 795,328 381,489 183,185 336,481 311,770 392,371 561,106
1,027,794 787,621 466,874 191,694 174,204
1,203,801 556,448 317,283 180,073
1,2.16,393 1,051,628
686,932 718.528 288,315 612.667 503,672 199.355 193,612 279.140 803,644 468,114 434,987 400,032 629,660
$115,057, 845

EXPENDITURE s

Cost of Right-of-Way (All Systems)

Bonds and Interest
Retirements

Total Expenditures for County Roads
and Bridges

$ 2,199 5,119 500
52 405 2,086 17,866 8,390 1,218
75 13,548
1,171 15,524 8,995 4,951 8,498 18,950
2,137 2.441 34,337 1,855 4,1S2 15,176 5,171 20,412 12,1:h6 !B. 745 1,209 16,165 4,904 13,205 17,347
400 6,195 9,023 8,199 22,886
$3,897,368

$ 407,533 64,503
2,300 264,917 138,333
25 231,982
12,099
131,716 126,653 484,122 129,714 237,622
6,740
387,338
49,350 119,018 175,706
509,529
145,082
47,733 29'\.692 126,420 184,865
261,770
$19,832,386

$ 1,499,140 309,428 181,226 641,454 274,563
1,535,978 646,745 373,665
1,035,700 394,806 183,260 350,029 312,941 539,611 696,754
1,516,867 925,833 723,446 200,571 176,645
1,625.476 558,303 321,475 244,599
1,380,582 1,247,746
698,998 I ,246.802
289,524 628.832 653,658 212,560 210,959 326,873 1,099,736 600,729 628,875 408,231 914,316
$138,787,599

-~.t-4 -
Highway underpass of the Seaboard Air Line Railroad near Bolton, on State Route 3. Provision is made for a futur e addition of two lanes of highway. Project FG-371 (3).

Twenty-Fou1th R e7Jo1t, State Highway Depa1t1nent of Gemgia 155
Other uzews of the highway underpass describ ed on the opposite page.

156 Twenty-Fourth Report, State Highway Department of Georgia

COST OF CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS AND BRIDGES
From the Organization of the Highway Department to June 30, 1952

Year

Prior to 1920 _____

1920_ ------

1921

---

1922 1923 ___ _

1924 1925 ___ _

1926

1927_ --

1928

1929

---- -

1930 l_____ -- -

1931 ---- -1932_ -

1933

1934

1935

1936_ -

1937 --

1938 --

-

1939_

--

1940 __ _

194L _

1942

1943 ---------- - --

1944-

19451946

1947 --

1948

1949

1950-

1951

1952

Amount
$ 1,895,004.87 9,842,569.79 8,989,749.69 4, 709,324.42 3,537,899.61 2, 7 48,354.81 6,161,563.68 6,599,520.43
12,705,857.46 9,870,372.50 9,369,582.19 5,023,129.12
13,999,096.99 16,679,659.18 11,369,631.60
8,873,322.36 11,380,060.33 10,535,842.21 13,320,556.26 20,343,037.80 15,313,972.60 15,125,550.07 25,843,834.03 17,431,836.23 12,156,409.41
7,904,986.85 4,446,878.72 6,053,516.25 18,778,646.48 19,176,439.40 32,264,461.83 33,575,252.34 32,197,784.93 37,063,679.58

Cumulative Total
$ 1,895,004.87 11,737,574.66 20,727,324.35 25,436,648.77 28,97 4,548.38 31,722,903.19 37,884,466.87 44,483,987.30 57,189,844.76 67,060,217.26 76,429,799.45 81,452,928.57 95,452,025.56
112,131,684.74 123,501,316.34 132,37 4,638. 70 143,754,699.03 154,290,541.24 167,611,097.50 187,954,135.30 203,268,107.90 218,393,657.97 244,237,492.00 261,669,328.23 273,825,737.64 281,730,724.49 286,177,603.21 292,231,119.46 311,009,765.94 330,186,205.34 362,450,667.17 396,025,919.51 428,223,704.44 465,287,384.02

The amounts shown represent total cost of construction, including cash expenditures by the State Highway Department, Federal-aid funds, and noncash participation of Work Projects Administration, Counties, Cities, Railroads, etc.
1 The amount for 1930 represents expenditures for one-half year. The Highway Department accounting was changed from calendar year to fiscal year basis on July 1, 1930.

Twenty-Fourth Report, State Highway Department of Georgia 157
Division of ~-,inance and Audits
BENTON ODOM, Treasurer
The Treasurer of the State Highway Department is the administrative head of the Division of Finance and Audits. It is his duty and responsibility to receive, protect, and disburse all funds coming into the Highway Department.
The Division of Finance and Audits maintains an adequate system of financial records and an internal audit system. It prepares, quarterly, a comprehensive budget under which the Treasurer approves all funds for the purchase of equipment, materials, supplies and services before such purchases are authorized by the State Highway Board. This division prepares all financial reports, including a monthly balance sheet with supporting data which reflects the current financial condition of the Highway Department and the available resources to the end of the current fiscal year.
The accompanying statements reflect the financial condition of the Highway Department for the fiscal years ending June 30, 1951, and June 30, 1952.
The balance sheet, reflecting assets, liabilities, and capital investments, is identified as Exhibit "A."
Exhibit "B" reflects the revenue from all sources accruing to the Department and the amounts appropriated to each of the various activities for the years 1951 and 1952.
The actual receipts and expenditures for the periods are presented in Exhibit "C."
A comparison of the receipts and expenditures for the past ten-year period is found in Exhibit "E."
The Treasurer's records are subjected to a thorough annual examination by the State Auditor, who has found the financial activities fully recorded and the accounting procedure to be sound and adequate.

158 Twenty-Fourth Repo1t, State Highway Department of Georgia

EXHIBIT "A"
STATEMENT oF AssETS AND LIABILITIES
A condensed summary from Exhibit "A" is as follows:

Description
ASSETS: Current Assets Deferred Assets
Total Assets
LIABILITIES: Current Liabilities Fund Balances
Total Liabilities

June 30, 1951

June 30, 1952

$20,965,190.09 3,253,259. 70
$24,218,449.79

$29,833,555.34 4,127,401.84
$33,960,957.18

1,852,741.74 22,365,708.05
.... $24,218,449.79

2,033,892. 70 31,92 7,064.48
$33,960,957.18

CAPITAL INVESTMENT AccouNTs

Description

June 30, 1951

CAPITAL INVESTMENTS:

Land, Buildings and Equipment

..... $ 3,604,045.71

Roads and Bridges, Construction Cost

428,223,704.44

Total Capital Investments
CAPITAL LIABILITIES: Highway Refunding Certificate
CAPITAL SURPLUS: Surplus Invested in Plant and Equipment Surplus Invested in Highways

$431,827,750.15 $100.00
... $ 3,604,045.71 428,223,604.44

Total Capital Liabilities and Surplus $431,827,750.15

June 30, 1952
$ 4,369,956.53 465,287,384.02 $469,657,340.55
$100.00
$ 4,369,956.53 465,28 7,284.02 $469,657,340.55

The value of equipment is adjusted annually by an ap-

proved rate of depreciation.

Roads and Bridges, Construction Cost reflects the total

construction expenditures from the beginning of the High-

way Department to date. The account was increased as

follows:

During the fiscal year ending June 30, 1951 During the fiscal year ending June 30, 1952

....... $32,197,784.9~ 3 7,063,679.58

Twenty-Fourth RepoTt, State Highway Department of Georgia 159

EXHIBIT "B"
RECONCILIATION OF FuND SuRPLUS
This exhibit reflects funds accruing to the Department from all sources and also reflects the functions to which those funds were appropriated. Any excess of available funds over final appropriations is the result of variations in the final cost from the estimated cost. The disposition of such excess is determined by the State Budget Bureau.
A condensed statement of revenues and appropriations follows:

Description

June 30, 1951

FUND REVENUES:

Fund Surplus at Bt>ginning of Year __ ___ $ 7,025,008.33

State Treasury (t>xclusive of contingent rt>ve-

nue not rt>alized)

29,691,004.18

Countit>s

218,204.18

Other State Agencies

3,500.00

U. S. Corps of Engint>ers

2,550,000.00

Other Income

325,999.23

Miscellaneous Income

6,011.94

Unpaid Checks Cancelled

7,057.48

Total from Local Sourct>s

$39,826,785.34

Federal Cash Participation

_______________ $10,768,787.37

Non-Cash Participation: Railroads

23,724.57

Total Fund Rt>venue _

$50,619,297.28

FUND APPROPRIATIONS:

Construction

$3 7,213,596. 77

Surveys

I ,286,561.70

Maintt>nance

7,508,533.61

Administration

788,242.88

Highway Planning Survt>y

351,164.36

Equipment Purchast>s

2,141,614.25

Compt>nsation Claims

54,155.90

Appropriation Balances _

773,285.96

Reserves (exclusive of contingent revenue not

realized-contra)

535,568.44

Total Allotments and Rest>rvt>s Deduct Deferred Charges

$50,652,723.87 33,426.59

Total Net Allotments and Rt>servt>s ____ $50,619,297.28

June 30, 1952
$ 9,042,065.18
43,042,508.99 1,676,205.95 6,964.62 249,999.93
33,149.10 3,107.57
$54,054,001.34 $10,969,533.78
34,386.80
$65,057,921.92
$51,907,711.83 1,517,422.21 7,253,630.35 836,685.05 387,513.33 1,632,546.24 46,529.10 937,880.90
585,618.77
$65,105,537.78 47,615.86
$65,057,921.92

.. .:,.;,.
Bridge over Spirit Creek, on State Route 4 (U.S . I) near Augusta. Project F-043-1 (3).

Twenty-Fourth Report, State Highway Department of Georgia 161

EXHIBIT "C"
RECEIPTS AND EXPENDITURES
A condensed summary of the Revenue Receipts and Expenditures, with the relative percentages for the periods covered by this report, is as follows:

Description

Year Ended June 30, 1951

Percentage

Amount

Year Ended June 30, 1952

Percentage

Amount

REVENUE RECEIPTS: State Treasury Counties Other State Agencies U. S. Corps of Engineers Other Income Miscellaneous Income Unpaid Checks Cancelled
Total from Local Sources Federal Government ~ Non-Cash from Railroads
Total Receipts

70.58 0.46 0.01 5.45 0.70 0.01 0.01
--
77.22 22.77
0.01
--
100%

$33,040,205.92 218,204.18 3,500.00
2,550,000.00 325,999.23 6,011.94 7,057.48
$36,150,978.75 10,660,808.35 1,267.57
$46,813,054.67

79.73 2.89 0.01 0.43
0.06 0.01
--
83.13 16.86
0.01
--
100%

$46,310,049.69 1,676,205.95 6,964.62 249,999.93
33,149.10 3,107.57
$48,279,476.86 9, 793,2 31.55 8,294.80
$58,081,003.21

EXPENDITURES: Construction Surveys Maintenance Administration Highway Planning Survey Equipment Purchases Compensation Claims
Total Expenditures

75.15 3.02
15.07 1.84 0.90 3.89 0.13
--
100%

$32,197,784.93 1,294,010.33 6,454,54 7.05 790,132.83 387,641.41 1,665,255.88 54,155.90
$42,843,528.33

75.39 2.76
15.42 1.69 0.83 3.82 0.09
--
100%

$37,063,679.58 1,354,820.30 7,581,056.94 830,847.74 411,198.47 1,877,226.57 46,529.10
$49,165,358.70

162 Twenty-Fourth Report, State Highway Department of Georgia

FUND BALANCE SHEET
Reflecting the Fund Position for Fiscal Year Ending June 30, 1951
Exhibit ''A''

ASSETS

CURRENT ASSETS: Cash in BanksState Funds Contractors' Trust Fund (Contra) Annuity Savings Fund (Contra)
Pension Accumulation Fund (Contra)

$ 19,575,415.78 30,500.00
2,936.45 4,319.14 $ 19,613,171.37

ReceivablesD. S. Government Accounts Receivable Advances
Total Current Assets

$ 1,352,018. 72 69,207.75
77.50 -------

1,421,303.97 $ 21,034,475.34

DEFERRED CHARGES:

Materials and Supplies in Stock _

$

Undistributed Charges and Credits

U ndistributcd Sign Shop

Total Proprietary Assets Less: Reserve for Doubtful Assets, Advances, and Materials and Supplies in
Stock

Net Proprietary Assets

360,276.79
18,046.06 33,426.59

411,749.44

$ 21,446,224.78

481,034.69 $ 20,965,190.09

FUND ASSETS: Contingent Revenue from State Treasury

3,253,259. 70

FIXED ASSETS: (Schedule No. 6)
Buildings and Lands
Road Equipment Other Equipment

$ 786,183.55 2,462,883.10 354,979.06 $ 3,604,045. 71

Roads and Bridg-es-(Exhibit "D") Construction Cost to Date on Construction in Progress Construction Cost to Date on Completed Construction
Total Capital Investment
Total

$ 67,505,433.47
360,718,270.97 --------

428,223,704.44 $431,827' 750.15 $456,046,199.94

Twenty-Fourth RepoTt, State Highway Department of Georgia 163

FUND BALANCE SHEET
Reflecting the Fund Position for Fiscal Year Ending June 30, 1951
Exhibit "A" Continued

LIABILITIES

CURRENT LIABILITIES:
Accounts Payable Contractors' Trust Fund (Contra} Annuity Savings Fund (Contra) Pension Accumulation Fund (Contra)

Cr.$

36.65 30,500.00
2,936.45 4,319.14 $

37,718.94

PURCHASE ORDERS OUTSTA:'-IDING

1,815.022.80

ALLOTMENTS TO COMPLETE CONSTRUCTION: (Schedule No. 8) Regular State Fund Contracts
State Force Construction
Post Road Contracts
State and Federal Fund Contracts (Gross)
Less: Federal Cash Participation $12,781,813.82
Less: Non-Cash Participation 26,792.00

$ 2,823. 780.37 742,887.86
1.885,046.24 20,676,682 .Oil
12,808,605.82 7,868,076.18 13,319, 790.6]

Unrecorded CommitmentsRegular State Fund Contracts
Post Road Contracts State and Federal Fund Contracts
(Gross) Less: Federal Cash Participation

$ 1,613,575.73 986,490.31

$ 2,599,058.24 1,292,047.97

1,307,010.27

3,907,076.31

ALLOTMENT BALANCES: (Schedule No. 8)
Special Maintenance-Under Contract
Special Maintenance Refunding- Certificate Federal-Aid Surveys Urban Highway Surveys Hig-hway Planning Survey Un-recorded Commitments

$

8,708.27

471,559.64

100.00

41,800.00

126,522.19

258.428.88

558,593.77 $ I ,465, 712.75

Less: Federal Cash Participation (Schedule No. 9)

407,951.07 1,057,761.68

APPROPRIATION BALANCES: (Schedule No. 12)
For Matching Fcderal Aid
All Construction All Maintenance
All Administration Equipment Purchases
Compensation Claims

$ 298,182.70 361.679.41
64,904.29 19,679.51
26,714.37 2,125.68

773,285.96

RESERVES: Machinery Replacement Account Unpaid Checks Cancelled Emergency Fund
Contingent Revenue

$

6.243.95

7,057.48

41,232.32

3.253,259. 70

3,307 '793.45

CAPITAL, LIABILITIES AND SURPLUS: Refunding Certificate Due in 1940 Surplus Invested in Plant and Equipment
Surplus Invested in Highways

$

100.00

$ 3.604,045. 71

428,223,604.44 431,827,650.15 431,827,750.15

Total

$456,046,199.94

164 Twenty-Fourth Report, State Highway Department of Georgia

RECONCILIATION OF FUND SURPLUS
July I, 1950, to June 30, 1951
Exhibit "B"

Surplus Reserves at July I. 1950

FUND APPROPRIATION: Emergency Fund
Maintenance Administration For Matching Federal Aid

FUND REVENUE
$16,699,369.00 5,000,000.00 957,262.88 10,287,632.00

OTHER INCOME: Fulton County
Gwinnctt County Stephens County Department of State Parks U. S. Corps of Engineers (Clark Hill Dam
Area, Relocation of Roads) State Road Department of Florida
Georgia Power Company
Unpaid Checks Cancelled Miscellaneous Income

$ 196,708.08 4,103.54 17,392.56 3,500.00
2,550,000.00 45,328.47 280,670.76 7,057.48 6,011.94

FEDERAL CASH PARTICIPATION: Federal Aid-Regular ~
Federal Aid-Secondary Federal Aid-Grade Crossing Urban Highway ~
Flight Strips Highway Planning Survey

$ 5,393,625.91 3,871,403.62
Cr. 22,174.17
1.368,194.01 3,425.00
154,313.00

NON-CASH PARTICIPATION: Atlantic Coast Line Railroad Company
Central of Georgia Railway Company Georgia Railroad Georgia, Southf'rn and Florida Ry. Co. Louisville and Nashville Railroad Co. Seaboard Air Line Railroad Company Southern Railway Company

$

885.36

4,707.21

960.00

2,750.00

590.00

5,572.00

8,260.00

Total Fund Revenue and Participation

Available for Appropriations and Reserves

$32,944,263.88
3, 110,772.83 10,768,787.37
23.724.57

$ 7,025,008.33
$46,847,548.65 $53,872,556.98

FUND APPROPRIATIONS

$ 4,314,344.45 2,478.6.13.95
11,425,605.36 8, 798,378.62
Cr. 12,990.80 3,046. 799.58
Cr. 4,531.76 Cr. 3,549.05
3,907.076.31

Total Contract Appropriations
Construction by State Forces
Construction by Convict Forces

$33,949,786.66
2,422.476. 79 841,333.32

Total Construction Appropriations

$37,213,596.77

Twenty-Fourth Report, State Highway Department of Georgia 165

RECONCILIATION OF FUND SURPLUS
July 1, 1950, to June 30, 1951
Exhibit "B" Continued

FUND APPROPRIATIONS (CONTINUED)

SURVEYS: Regular . Post Roads ~ Urban Highway

$ 1,033,942.23
241.238.72 11,380.75

$1,286,561.70

MAINTENANCE: Regular Undistributed Under Contract Special
Center Line Sign Shop Douglas Shop
Unrecorded Commitments

$ 4,746,709.13 169,675.70
31,625.36 I ,577,966.67
367,233.17
33,391.86 23,337.95
558,593.77

Deduct: Balance of Sign Shop Expenditures Carried Forward as Deferred Charges

$ 7,508,533.61 33,426.59

7,475,107.02

ADMINISTRATION: General Administration Research and Analysis Highway Planning Survey

$ 769,053.85 19,189.03
351,164.36

1,139,407.24

MISCELLANEOUS: Equipment Purchases Compensation Claims .

$ 2,141,614.25 54.155.90

2,195,770.15

UNEXPENDED APPROPRIATION BALANCES:

For Matching Federal Aid

$

All Construction

All Maintenance

All Administration

Equipment Purchases

Compensation Claims _

298,182.70 361,679.41
64,904.29 19,679.51 26,714.37
2,125.68

RESERVES: Doubtful Assets Machinery Replacement Emergency Fund Unpaid Checks Cancelled Contingent Revenue

$ 481,034.69 6,243.95 41,232.32
7,057.48 3,253,259. 70

Total Allotments and Reserves

773,285.96
3,788,828.14 $53,872,556.98

166 Twenty-Fourth Report, State Highway Department of Georgia

REVENUE RECEIPTS AND EXPENDITURES

July 1, 1950, to June 30, 1951

Exhibit "C''

REVENUE RECEIPTS

CASH: State Treasury
Fulton County Gwinnett County
Stt'phcns County Department of State Parks U. S. Corps of Engineers (Clark Hill Dam
Area, Relocation of Roads) State Road Department of Florida
Georgia Power Company Unpaid Checks Cancelled Miscellaneous Income

$33,040,205.92 196.708.08 4.103.o4 17,392.56 3,500.00
2.550,000.00 45,328.47 280.670.76 7.057.48 6,011.94

~---

FEDERAL GOVERNMENT: Federal Aid-Regular Federal Aid-Secondary FC'deral Aid-Grade Crossing Urban Highway ::\' ational Rccov<'ry
VVorks Program Flight Strips Urban Highvv'ay Surveys Highway Planning Survey

$ 4.216.891.31

4.470.888.29

3()6,052.82

1,339,614.07

1.(162.89

134.769.25

2,700.00

Cr.

22.19

188.851.91

i\'ON-CASH PARTICIPATION: Atlantic Coast Line Railroad Company
CPntral of Georgia Railway Company

$

690.36

577.21

Total Revenue Receipts and Participation

$36,150,978.75
10,660,808.35 1,267.57

$46,813,054.67

EXPENDITURES

COJ\'STRUCTION: State-Aid Contracts Post Road Contracts Federal-Aid Contracts-Regular F('deral-Aid Contracts-Secondary Federal-Aid Contracts-Grade Crossings Urban Highway Contracts Flight Strip Contracts
Total Contract Expenditures Construction by Convict Forces Construction by State Forces
Total Construction

$ 3,737,221.37 2.416.678.84 9,319,319.35 10.037.710.66 441,163.71 3.434,445.15 412.50
$29,386.951.58 856,231.46
1,954,601.89

$32,197,784.93

Twenty-Fourth Report, State Highway Department of Georgia 167

REVENUE RECEIPTS AND EXPENDITURES
July 1, 1950, to June 30, 1951
Exhibit "C" Continued

SURVEYS: Regular
Post Roads Federal-Aid Urban Highway

EXPENDITURES (CONTINUED)
$ 1,037,460.91 240,990.86 4,200.00 11,358.56

Total Surveys

$ 1,294,010.33

MAINTENANCE: Regular Undistributed
Under Contract Special
Center Line Sign Shop Douglas Shop

$ 4,689,423.25 164,630.29
191,967.05 1,054,684.65
330,503.86 33,426.59
23,337.95

Deduct: Balance of Expenditures Si~n Shop Undistributed at June 30, 1951, but car ried forward as Deferred Charges

$ 6,487,973.64 33,426.59

Total Maintenance

$ 6,454,547.05

ADMINISTRATION: General Administration Research and Analysis Highway Planning Survey

$ 781.441.19 8,691.64
387,641.41

Total Administration

$ 1,177,774.24

MISCELLANEOUS: Equipment Purchases Compensation Claims

$ 1,665,255.88 54,155.90

Total Miscellaneous

$ 1,719,411.78

Total Expenditures

$42.843.528.33

Total Receipts Total Expenditures
Excess Receipts over Expenditures Proprietary Surplus at July I, 1950
Proprietary Surplus at June 30, 1951

RESUME'

$46,813,054.67 42,843,528.33
$ 3,969,526.34 17,438,979.50
$21,408,505.84

SUMMARY OF CONSTRUCTION

June 30, 1951

Exhibit "D"

DESCRIPTION

Total Allotments

E X P E N D IT U RE s

Net Encumbrances

Payments

Total Charg('s

Cost to Complete

FUND PARTICIPATION

County, W.P.A.

State Funds

Federal Funds

and Other Non-Cash
Funds

Other Funds

Total Allotme-nts

Open Projects Closed Projects
Totals

$ 94,238,193.24 ... 360,718,270.97
..... $454,956,464.21

$604,363.30 $604,363.30

$ 67,505,433.47 360,718,270.97

$68,109,796.77 360,718,270.97

.

$26,128,396.47

$ 54,883.650.48 201,383.848.90

$ 37,893,437.22 112,182,852.61

$428,223,704.44 $428,828,067.74 $26,128,396.47

$ 26,792.00 46,395,085.25

$1,434,313.54 756.484.21
-

$ 94,238,193.24 360,718,270.97 ------

Total Allotment Distribution __________

Deduct: Construction

Funds Received

Total Construction Funds Due:

State Funds

.....

Federal Funds
Non-Cash Participation
Other Cash Participation

I I . . . .

Total Funds Due ....

..
---------
------- , ..

I

I . . . . .
I

+

I

..... I

........
-----

.......
I I
.. ----

$256,267,499.38 $150,076.289.83 $46,421,877.25 243,149.773.60 138,526,724.68 46.395,085.25
------

$2,190,797.75 $454,956,464.21

756,484.21

428,828,067.74
-----

....... $13,117.725.78

$ 11.549,565.15

$ 26,792.00

$1,434,313.54

I

.... $ 26,128,396.47

t..:UlVll'AKATl V..!!.: ~TATEMENT OF REVENUE RECEIPTS AND EXPENDITURES
For Ten-Year Period Ending June 30, 1951
REVENUE RECEIPTS

Exhibit "E"

1942

1943

1944

1945

1946

1947

1948

1949

1950

1951

State Sources:

Motor-Vehicle License Fees ....... $ 1,899,147.11 $ . . ............. $

........., $

. .. $

...... $

........ $

.... $

$ . ................. $

Motor-Fuel Taxes

... 15,553, 793.0i

......................... ..................... .

Maintenance Tag Taxes .. .. .

67.90

.... ... ..

....

.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

!~~~~gri~~i:~s Taxes

:~.139,235.95 9 428 27 ' ' 14)i6iijiis:so 12,804,562.55 11,971,296.93

zo,:i56,526.48 :lo,ll15,73o:91 27:4s2,524:tz '3o::Hs;sot:9o '33)i4o)o5:92

Total from State Sources .... $17,462,436.35 $14,068,185.50 $12,804,562.55 $11,971,296.93 $22,139,235.95 $20,256,526.48 $30,815,730.91 $27,482,524.12 $30,348,501.90 $33,040,205.92

Revenue from Other Sources:

U. S. Government, Cash

2,468,051.20 4,425,503.60 4,428,027.16 2,226.~18.94 2, 705,588.54 6,642,819. 41 7,388,176.55 9, 714,989.56 12,303,064.55 10,660,808.35

Counties and Other Cash .....

Railroads, Cities and Others

Miscellaneous Income ------- -----------

Work Projects Administration --

Counties, Non-Cash

...

.........
92,708.43 2,97G.336.86
720,031.68

13,500.00
137,050.54 1,356,660. 75
524,168.43

12,037.48 263,330.63 1,033,917.04
352,072.96

8,961.71 27,936.22 552,H6.45
188, l:J2. 74 55,200.16

32,401.99 t2,020. 79 29,:HOAO

39,538.20 58,071.05
204."6
e

19,270.63
. .

766,739.94 141,279.52

12,697.43

46,410.86

903,838.38 724,807.05

...... . . ... ..............

.................... .

547,703.41
1,267.57 2,563,069.42

Cities, Non-Cash

- - - --~

12,291.24

.. .

-------- --- .. -- ~ -----

Total Revenue Receipts .. ... $23,719,564.52 $20,525,068.82 $18,893,947.82 $15,043,384.39 $24,948,557.67 $26,996.960.00 $38,223,178.14 $38,880,789.43 $43,564,063.88 $46,813,054.67

EXPENDITURES

Administration

$ 344,938.04 $ 446,806.32 $ 377,586.9f $ 432,451.24 $ 516,022.41 $ 706,239.81 $ 698,829.16 $ 816,177.i6 $ 785,765.0(' $ 790,132.83

Construction

17,431,836.23 12,206,069.95 7,904,986.85 4,446,878. 7Z 6,053,516.21 18,778,646.48 19,176,439.40 32,264,461.81 33,575.252.:1<" 32,197,784.93

Surveys

.........

230,930.01

109,593.63

109,364.33

297,883.76

645,285.44

668,273.61

998,187.21 1,466,158.71 1,362,384.2? 1,294,010.33

Maintenance

1,9U8,317.21 1,930,890.27 3,188,841.06 5,152,912.87 7,129,115.05 5,716,352.JJ 5,781,051.92 6,045,092.38 5,789,388.29 6,454,547.05

Compensation Claims

. . ...........................

45,453.70

24,337.27

20;;47.50

25,166.77

22,085.03

44,829.6

54,155.90

Highway Planning Survey .. .....

72,454.~8

51,958.04

67,058.02

68,931.26 181,368.17 ~46,679.61 269,402.88 280,442.67 325,49'>.18 387,641.41

Lands, Buildings and Equipment

5,019.49

6,148.07

36,895.07 155,722.48 514,79.1.5q .112,1~9.27 1,229,472.05 1,264,935.84 337,559.6B 1,665,255.88

Redemption of Debt ................... 2,691,189.62 2,666,790.93 2,666,790.93 2,665,291.01 2,651,500. 110 2,650,UtlU.0'.' 2,650,000.0G

. ......................

Legislative and Other Transfers

304,459.96

20,100.03

...

41,7711.51 .... ........... ..

4,447.46 .... -

.... [-----

... .

- - - - - - - - - - - - - ~~~-1-~~-1~~~-1~~~--

Total Expenditures

$22,995,150.84 $17,438,357.24 $14,351,523.22 $13,265,525.04 $17,757 .7IO.o9 $29.298,S:l8..t6 $30,832,996.85 $42,159,354.22 $42,220,674.35 $42,843,528.33

Excess Expenditures over Receipts Excess Receipts over Expenditures Add: Cash, Inventories, and De-
ferred Charges at Beginning of Period
Balance: Cash, Inventories, and Deferred Charges at End of Period Deduct: Fund Balances, Contracts, Reserves and Outstanding Purchase Orders at End of Period

$

$

. $

$

$

$ 2,301,878.46 $

$ 3,278,564.79 $

$

724,413.68 3,086,711.58 4,542,424.60 1,777,859.35 7,190,846.98

7,390,181.29

- 1,343,389.53 3,969,526.34

548.417.81 1,272,831.49 4,359,543.07 8,674,302.64 8,002,469.42 14,743,403.70 12,174,879.56 18,728,313.78 15,515,578.39 16,957,944.81 ---------1----------

$ 1,272,831.49 $ 4,359,543.07 $ 8,90,1,967.6? $10,452,161.99 $15,193,316.40 $12,441,525.24 $19,565,060.85 .~15,449,748.99 $16,858,967.92 $20,927,471.15

'

'

'1.

~ '

8,775,155.57 8,150,608.86 8,700,522.26 10,219,401.90 15,193,316.40 12,441,525.24 19,56.1,060.85 15,449,748.99 16,858,967.92 20,927,471.15

Fund Deficit at End of Period Fund Surplus at End of Period

$ 7,502,324.08 $ 3,791,065.79 ....... $ 201,445.41 $ 232,760.09

- ---
1

- . . . . . . .
-

......
I

INVENTORY OF LANDS, BUILDINGS AND EQUIPMENT

June 30, 1951

Schedule No. 6

DESCRIPTION

Appraised Value
June 30, 1950

Additions Fiscal Year
1950-1951

Totals

Depreciation Equipment Fiscal Year Sold or
!950-1951 Junked

Appraised Value
June 30, 1951

Lands ..

Buildings

-- ----------

Passenger Equipment

Trucks ------------------

Tractors . -- - Power Graders... .

GOrtahdeerrsR~~d Eq~ip;;;~;,t ..

Office Equipment .

Engineering Equipment ..

Laboratory Equipment ..

Shop Equipment... ... ----------

Totals....

--

$ 185,550.25 $ 589,703.65

9,218.60 $ 194,768.85 1,711.05 591,414.70

300.00

300.00

567,488.73 452,857.17 1,020,345.90

265,054.12 213,575.66 478,629.78

309,526.85 242,964.81 552,491.66

88,747.82 114,623.92 203.371.74

563,888.79 554,736.68 I, 118,625.47

115,666.95 55,667.49 171,334.44

115,957.05

17,324.62 133,281.67

13,146.58

1,249.97

14.396.55

73,965.49

1,325.91

75,291.40

$2,888,996.28 $1,665,255.88 $4,554,252.16

$ .
75.00 255,000.00 119.700.00 138,000.00 50,800.00 279,600.00
17,100.00 13,300.00 1,425.00 7,500.00
$882,500.00

$

$ 194,768.85

591,414.70

225.00

42,796.45 722,'i49.45

9,560.00 349,369.78

5,150.00 409,341.66

4,245.00 148,326.74

5,955.00 833,070.47

--------

154,234.44 119.981.67

12,971.55

-------

67,791.40

$67,706.45 $3,604,045.71

SUMMARY OF UNENCUMBERED ALLOTMENTS

(Also Reflecting Reconciliation with Expenditures Since July I, 1950)

June 30, 1951

Schedule No 8

DESCRIPTION OF FUNDS

FUNDS AVAILABLE

Balances June 30, 1950

Net

I

Allotments

Totals

CHARGES

Net I

.

Encumbrances Expenditures

Totals

Available I AN B A A LL YA SNISC E OS F

Balances

June 30, 1951 P Ot~er.
arttctpatwn

State Funds

CONSTRUCTION:
Regular State Funds... Post Roads Federal Aid-Regular Federal Aid-Secondary Federal Aid-Grade Crossing Urban Highway Works Program Flight Strips
Total Contracts Construction by Convict Forces Construction by State Forces
Total Construction

.
....
.......

$ 1,754,117.39 $ 4,314,344.45 $ 6,068,461.84 $

I ,822,468. 78

2,478,653.95 4,301,122.73 Cr.

8,181,443.62

11,425,605.36 19,607,048.98

7,700,145.72

8,798,378.62 16,498,524.34

1,231,408.35 Cr. 12,990.80 1,218,417.55 Cr.

3,542,414.19

3,046, 799.58 6,589,213. 77

4,531.76 Cr.

4,531.76

8,570.91 Cr.

3,549.05

5,021.86

------ ------ ----- -

1,323.98 $ 3,737,221.37 $ 3, 738,545.35 $ 2,329,916.49 $

$ 2,329,916.49

602.35 2.416,678.84 2,416,076.49 1,885,046.24

1,885,046.24

5,450.36 9,319.319.35 9,324,769. 71 10,282,279.27 6,177,869:38 4,104,409.89

2, 784.55 10,037,710.66 10,040,495.21 6,458,029.13 4,213,573.91 2,244,455.22

136.05 441,163.71 441,027.66 777,389.89 699,159.68

78,230.21

394.27 3,434,445.15 3,434,839.42 3,154,374.35 1,714,415.74 1,439,958.61

412.50

412.50 -

I

4,609.36

3,587.11

1,022.25

.... $24,245,100.72

....

508,544.57

..

600,022.77

$30,042,710.35 $54,287.811.07 $ 9,214.76 $29.386,951.58 $29,396,166.34 $24,891,644.73 $12,808,605.82 $12,083,038.91

841,333.32 1,349.877.8q Cr. 217.45

856,231.46

856,014.01

493,863.88 .....

..

493,863.88

2,422,476. i9 3,022,499.56 325,009.81 1,954,601.89 2,279,611.70 742,887.86 .

. ..

742,887.86

..

.... $25,353,668.06 $33,306,520.46 $58,660,188.52 $334,007.12 $32,197,784.93 $32,531,792.05 $26,128,396.47 $12,808,605.82 $13,319,790.65

ALLOTMENTS FOR GENERAL OPERATIONS:

Surveys-Regular

Surveys-Post Roads

.. ..

Surveys-Federal Aid

Surveys~Urban Highway

....

Maintenance-Regular

Maintenance-Undistributed

Maintenance-Under Contract

.

Maintenance-Special ..

Center Line

, ..

*Sign Shop

Douglas Shop

Administration

Research and Analysis .

Equipment Purchases ...........................

Compensation Claims

Refunding Certificate

Highway Planning Survey

.

46.000.00 126,500.00
............
169,049.96 188,831.55
--------------......................... Cr .

---
100.00 292,967.79

1,033,942.23 1,033,942.23 Cr. 3,518.68

241,238.72

241,238.72

247.86

46,000.00

''

11.380.75

137,880.75

4, 746,709.13 4,746,709.13

57,285.88

169,675.70

169,675.70

5,045.41

31,625.36

200,675.32

1,577,966.67 1, 766,798.22 240,553.93

367,233.17

367,233.17

36,729.31

34.73 Cr.

34.73 Cr. 34.73

23,337.95

23,337.95

769,053.85

769,053.81 Cr. 12,387.34

19,189.03

19,189.03

10,497.39

2,141,614.25 2,141,614.25 476,358.37

54,155.90

54,155 90

100.00

351,164.36

644,132.15 Cr. 1,938.14

1,037,460.91 240,990.86 4,200.00 11,358,56
4,689,423.25 164,630.29 191,967.05
1,054,684.65 330,503.86
23.337.95 781.441.19
8,691.64 1,665,255.88
54,155.90
387.641.41

I

1,033,942.23 .

. .. ..

.

241.238. i2 ..

,, .....

4,200.00

41,800.00

23,000.00

11,358.56 126,522.19 126,522.19 .

4, 746,709.13

169,675.70 .

.

.. . . . .

191,967.05

8,708.27 ..

1,295,238.58

471.559 64 .....

. ...

367,233.17 ------

. ..

... .

Cr.

34.73 23,337.95

---------- --------

..

769,053.85 ------ -- ---

19,189.03 ---------

2,141,614.25 .

54,155.90

100.00 .

385,703.27 258,428.88 258.428.88

18,800.00 8,708.27 471,559.64
100.00

Totals ....

$26,177,117.36 $44,844,772.8J $71,021,890.16 $1,142,846.38 $42,843,528.33 $43,986,374.71 $27,035,515.45 $13,216,556.89 $13,818,958.56

* The Sign Shop Allotment and Expenditures include $45,812.88 brought forward at the beginning of the period as undistributed charges and exclude $33,426.59
which represents undistributed charges at June 30, 1951.

172 Twenty-Fourth Report, State Highway Department of Georgia

DETAIL OF EQUIPMENT ALLOTMENTS

July I, I950, to June 30, I95I

Schedule No. 8-C

ACCOUNTS

Allotments for Year

Net

Expenditures

Encumbrances

Total Charges

Administration ------------ Highway Planning Survey .. Construction Maintenance
Totals

$ 55,317.93 Cr.$ 52.91 $ 55,370.84 $ 55,317.93

3,306.78

3,306.78

3,3C6.78

....

870,273.39

119,137.94

751,135.45

870,273.39

1,212,716.15

357,273.34

855,442.81 1,212,716.15

$2,141,614.25 $476,358.37 $1,665,255.88 $2,141,614.25

ANALYSIS OF EQUIPMENT PURCHASES

July I, I950, to June 30, I951

Schedule No. 10-D

TYPE OF EQUIPMENT
Lands .. Buildings ....... Trucks Tractors . -- . Power Graders .. Graders Other Road Equipment ...... Office Equipment Engineering Equipment... _ Laboratory Equipment... .. Shop Equipment....
Total.

Cost
$ 9,218.60 1,711.05
452,857.17 213,575.66 242,964.81 114,623.92 554,736.68 55,667.49
17,324.62 1,249.97 1,325.91
$1,665,255.88

Twenty-Fourth Report, State Highway Department of Georgia 173

SUMMARY OF EXPENDITURES BY CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICTS

Totals

July 1, 1950, to June 30, 1951

Schedule No. 8-F

DISTRICTS

Construction

Surveys

Maintenance

Total

Expenditures

$ 2,929,470. 72 1,764,755.04 3, 763,376.29 2,350,198.97 2,965,053.93
3,268,629.60 3,605,309.40
5,454,939.89 2,305,233.40
3,790,817.69

$ !02,387.58 74,336.39 103,770.66 175,310.89 106,053.62 155,688.16 74,638.05 160,033.82 299,608.88 42,182.28
$1,294,010.33

$ 958,566.65 $ 3,990,424.95 590,213.49 2,429,304.92 779,217.94 4,646,364.89 502,950.53 3,028,460.39 202,685.14 3,273, 792.69 642,143.31 4,066,463.07 454,758.47 4,134,705.92
1,008,524.63 6,623,498.34 678,415.47 3,283,257.75 637,069.42 4,470,069.39
$6,454,547.05

Total Expenditures by Congressional Districts

$39,946,342.31

ESTIMATED PARTICIPATION

Description of Funds

June 30, 1951

Schedule No 9

Balances I Additions

Earned

June 30,

Since

Since

1950

July 1, 1950 July 1, 1950

Balances to be Earned

FEDERAL CASH PARTICIPATION:

Federal Aid-Regular

$ 4,960,885.311$ 5,393,625.91 $ 4,216,891.31 $ 6,137,619.91

Federal Aid-Secondary

4,793,564.58 3,871,403.62 4,470,888.29 4,194,079.91

Federal Aid-Grade Crossing

. 397,823.26 Cr. 22,174.17 306,052.82

69,596.27

Urban Highway .....

1,685,835.80 1,368,194.01 1,339,614.07 1,714,415.74

National Recovery

.

1,062.89 ....... ......

l.C62.89 ..... ...........

Works Program

797,284.13 .

134,769.25 662,514.88

Flight Strips

2,862.11

3,425.00

2, 700.00

3,587.11

Federal-Aid Surveys

...

23,000.00 .,,..

23,000.00

Urban Highway Surveys .

126,500.00 .

Cr. 22.19 126,522.19

Highway Planning Survey

292,967.79 154,313.00 188,851.91 258,428.88

Totals

$13,081,785.87 $10,768,787.37 $10,660,808.35

Total Federal Cash Participation Unearned June 30, 1951 (Exhibit "A") ....

................

......... $13,189,764.89

NON-CASH PARTICIPATION:

Atlantic Coast Line RR Co.

$ 1,412.00 $

885.36 $

690.36 $ 1,607.00

Central of Georgia Ry. Co..

2,923.00

4,707.21

577.21

7,053.00

Georgia Railroad , ...... . .....

960.00

.... ,....

960.00

Geor.gia, Southern & Fla. Ry. Co.

2, 750.00

2, 750.00

Louisville & Nashville RR Co..

590.00

......

590.00

Seaboard Air Line RR Co.

5,572.00

,,,.,

5,572.00

Southern Railway Co.

....

8,260.00

8,260.00

- - - - - - - - - - - - - .. " - ---------

Totals ......................

$ 4,335.00 $ 23,724.57 $ 1,267.57 $ 26,792.00

Total Participation

$13,216,556.89

SUMMARY OF EXPENDITURES BY OBJECT CLASSIFICATION

July I, 1950, to June 30, 1951

Schedule No. 10

Objett of Expenditure

Administration

Construction and Surveys

I
Maintenance Equipment

Compensation Claims

Highway Planning Survey

Total Net Expenditures

Personal Services Equipment Expenses Equipment Purchases Communication Services
Heat, Light, Power and Water
Rents Traveling Expenses Supplies and Materials
Insurance Printing and Binding Indemnity Claims
Compensation Claims
Payments to Contractors Special and Miscellaneous Expenses

$552,658.55 $ 3,772,071.16 $3,503,770.91 $

.......
..

14,796.87

431,958.02 1,092,592.08 I ,665,255.88

42,169.07

9,935.57 27,477.33

.. 15,070.74

..

12,050.13

... 51,668.26

1,573.98
10,407.76 342,557.18

8,886.29 16,145.45
108,866.60

11,705.52 983,116.67 1,481,204.34

..

895.00 I

18,559.39

38.70

11,938.37 60.06 ,

....

.... 42,667.12 I

.....

.

.....

------------ ...

27,098.326.36 184,567.69

........
.

27,892.18 841,809.86 19,037.43

.

------

Total Administration (Exhibit "C")

p90,132.83

$

..

.... . ......
.... .. ..

54,155.90
. .......

$297,283.99 $ 8,125,784.61

15,544.18 1,554,891.15

I ,665,255.88

627.59

80,209.56

380.29

25,911.30

7,105.80

45,709.14

44.52'1.21 547,612.25

6,163.07 2,482,189.60

12,833.87

190.00

18,848.15

42,667.12

. ......

54,155.90

27,282,894.05

15,826.28 904,565.75

Total Construction (Exhibit "C") ......

$33,491,795.26

Total Maintenance (Exhibit "C")

.....

$6,454,547.05

Equipment Purchases (Exhibit "C") Compensation Claims (Exhibit "C") .. Highway Planning Survey (Exhibit "C") Total Expenditures

$1,665,255.88

$54,155.90 $387,641.41 $42,843,528.33

Twenty-FouTth Report, State Highway DepaTtment of GeoTgia 175

APPROPRIATION BALANCES
June 30, 1951

Schedule No. 12

CONSTRUCTION: For Matching Federal Aid Regular Construction Surveys
MAINTENANCE: Heavy Maintenance Regular Maintenance Deferred Credits
Center Line
ADMINISTRATION: Deferred Credits .
EQUIPMENT PURCHASES
COMPENSATION CLAIMS
Total Appropriation Balances, June 30, 1951 (Exhibit "A")

$298,182.70
$344,293.56 17,385.85 361,679.41

Cr. $36,820.51 62,389.36

$ 8,137.92 25,568.85

31,197.52

Cr. $741,082.32 760,761.83

64,904.29
~9,679.51
26,714.37 2,125.68

$773;285.96

Stat e Route 22 (U.S. 80) between Columbus and Butler, after the roadway had been widened from 20 to 24 feet, and the bridge had been widened from 18 feet to 28 feet, with 2-ft. sidewalks. Project F-004-1 (2).

STATE HIGHWAY DEPARTMENT FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
For Fiscal Year Ending June 30, 1952
Begin on Page 178

178 Twenty-Fourth Report, State Highway Department of Georgia

FUND BALANCE SHEET
Reflecting the Fund Position for Fiscal Year Ending June 30, 1952
Exhibit "A"

CURRENT ASSETS: Cash in BanksState Funds Contractors' Trust Fund (Contra)
ReceivablesU. S. Government Accounts Receivable Advances

ASSETS

$ 28,431,774.11 22,000.00 $ 28,453,774.11
-------

$ 1,379, 781.23 43,729.01 433.20

1,423,943.44

Total Current Assets

$ 29,877,717.55

DEFERRED CHARGES: Materials and Supplies in Stock
Undistributed Charges and Credits Undistributed Sign Shop

$ 372,028.33 48,738.49 47,615.86

468,382.68

Total Proprietary Assets Less: Reserve for Doubtful Assets, Ad
vances, and Materials and Supplies in Stock

$ 30,346,100.23 512,544.89

Net Proprietary Assets

$ 29,833,555.34

FUND ASSETS: Contingent Revenue from State Treasury

4,127,401.84

FIXED ASSETS: (Schedule No. 6)
Buildings and Lands Road Equipment Other Equipment

Roads and Bridges-(Exhibit "D")

Construction Cost to Date on Construe~

tion in Progress Construction Cost to

Date

on c~~Pi~-t~d

Construction

$ 883,974.82 3,111,718.02 374,263.69 $ 4,369,956.53
------
$ 76,565,178.92 388,722,205.10 465,287,384.02

469,657,340.55

Total

$503,618,297.73

Twenty-FouTth Report, State Highway Department of GeOTgia 179

FUND BALANCE SHEET
Reflecting the Fund Position for Fiscal Year Ending June 30) 1952
Exhibit "A" Continued

CURRENT LIABILITIES: Accounts Payable Contractors' Trust Fund (Contra)

LIABILITIES

Cr. $

50.12 22,000.00 $

21,949.88

PURCHASE ORDERS OUTSTANDI"'G

2,011,942.82

ALLOTMENTS TO COMPLETE CONSTRUCTION: (Schedule No. 8)
Regular State Fund Contracts State Force Construction
Post Road Contracts State and Federal Fund Contracts (Gross) Less: Federal Cash Participation
$13,962.332.88 Less: Non-Cash Participation 52,884.00

$ 6,759,276.02 1,816,628.87 4, 765,236.12
$ 25,322,185.45
14,015,216.88 11,306,968.57

24,648,109.58

Unrecorded CommitmentsRegular State Fund Contracts Post Road Contracts State and Federal Fund Contracts (Gross) Less: Federal Cash Participation
ALLOTMENT BALANCES: (Schedule No. 8)
Special Maintenance-Under Special Maintenance Refunding Certificate Federal-Aid Surveys Urban Highway Surveys Access-Road Surveys Georgia Turnpike Authority Highway Planning Survey
Less: Federal Cash Participation (Schedule No. 9)

$ 296,396.69 258,371.21
$ 2,196,958.40 1,083, 794.00 1,113,164.40
------

$ 35,927.99 283,325.08 100.00
49,970.01
98,500.00 40,000.00 138,842.90
229,734.24 $
-----

876,400.22 403,734.24

1,667,932.3C 472,665.98

APPROPRIATION BALANCES: (Schedule No. 12)
For Matching Federal All Construction All Maintenance All Administration Compensation Claims
Highway Planning Survey

$ 116,817.65 232,565.50 410,839.80
128,225.59 15,596.58 33,835.78

937,880.90

RESERVES: Machin<'ry Replacement Account Unpaid Checks Cancelled
Emergency Fund Contingent Revenue

$ 21,835.71 10,165.05
41,073.12 4,127,401.84

4,200,475.72

CAPITAL, LIABILITIES AND SURPLUS: Refundin.:: Certificate Due in 1940 Surplus Invested in Plant and Equipment Surplus Invested in Highways
Total

$

100.00

$ 4,369,956.53

465,287,284.02 469,657,240.55 469,657,340.55

$503,618,297.73

180 Twenty-Fourth Report, State Highway Department of Georgia

R.ECONCILIATION OF FUND SURPLUS
July 1, 19:51, to June 30, 1952 ==================================================================~E~xh~ib~it "B"

Surplus Reserves at July I, 1951

$ 9,042,065.18

FUND REVENUE

FUND APPROPRIATION: Emergency Fund ..... .. .. ...... ... .... . Contingent Emergency Fund ..... .
Special Appropriations -------------- . Maintenance ................ For Matching Federal Aid

$ 7' 700,910.83 9,500,000.00 9,000,000.00
10,000,000.00 10,969,000.00

$47,169,910.83

OTHER INCOME:

Fulton County

$ 1,613,950.91

Gwinnett County

13,300.70

Stephens County

725.00

Carroll County

47,584.44

Taliaferro County

644.90

State Department of Agriculture

6, 713.62

North Georgia College

251.00

U. S. Corps of Engineers (Clark Hill Dam

Area, Relocation of Roads).

249,999.93

Unpaid Checks Cancelled...

3,107:57

Miscellaneous Income

33,149.10 $ 1,969,427.17

FEDERAL CASH PARTICIPATION:

Federal Aid-Regular

................... ..

Federal Aid-Secondary

Federal Aid-Grade Crossing....

Urban Highway

Works Program

Federal-Aid Surveys

Access-Road Surveys

Highway Planning Survey

$ 3,842,388.15 4,482,493.38
Cr. 1,773.20 2,441,230.90
Cr. 20,386.45 12,500.00 40,000.00 173,081.00

$10,969,533.78

NON-CASH PARTICIPATION:

Atlantic Coast Line Railroad Company

Central of Georgia Railway Company.

Georgia Railroad

.. _________ _

Georgia, Southern and Florida Ry. Co..

Savannah & Atlanta Railway Company

Seaboard Air Line Railroad Company

Southern Railway Company

Total Fund Revenue and Participation

$ 13,766.98

7,414.30

2,216.00

1,913.44

2.908.00

3.Q'i'i 47

2;212.61

-$

-

34,386.80
---

$60,143,258.58

Available for Appropriations and Reserves

$69,185,323.76

FUND APPROPRIATIONS

CONSTRUCTION: State-Aid Contracts Post Road Contracts _ . - Federal-Aid Contracts-Regular Federal-Aid Contracts-Secondary Federal-Aid Contracts-Grade Crossing Urban Hi!(hway Contracts Unrecorded Commitments
Total Contract Appropriations

$10.464,101.64 8, 710,373.97 8,548.8~6. 70 9,738.862.67
Cr. 14,669.59
6.499.970.28 1,667,932.30
------
$45,615,407.97

Construction by Convict Forces
Construction by State Forces Reconstruction by State Forces .

658.635.05 2,224,876.15
3,408, 792.66

Total Construction Appropriations

$51,907,711.83

Twenty-Fourth Report, State Highway Department of Georgia 181

RECONCILIATION OF FUND SURPLUS
July I, 1951, to June 30, 1952
Exhibit ''B" Continued

FUND APPROPRIATIONS (CONTINUED)

SURVEYS: Regular Post Roads Federal-Aid Urban Highway
Access Roads
Georgia Turnpike Authority

$ 952,894.08 303,890.22 25,000.00 32,240.42 43,397.49 160,000.00 $ 1,517,422.21

MAINTENANCE: Regular Undistributed
Under Contract Special
Center Line Sign Shop Douglas Shop

$ 5,265,687.01 229,340.15 581,936.49 645,463.93
457,759.85 35,231.48 38,211.44

$ 7,253,630.35

Deduct: Balance of Sign Shop Expenditure;

Carried Forward as Deferred Charges

47,615.86

ADMINISTRATION: General Administration Research and Analysis .

$ 7,206,014.49 $ 812,932.99
23,752.06 $ 836,685.05

MISCELLANEOUS: Equipment Purchases
Compensation Claims ------ Highway Planning Survey

$ 1,632,546.24 46,529.10 387,513.33 $ 2,066,588.67
-~~---

UNEXPENDED APPROPRIATION BALANCES:

For Matching Federal Aid

$ 116,817.65

All Construction

232,565.50

All Maintenance

410,839.80

All Administration

128,225.59

Compensation Claims -----

15,596.58

Highway Planning Survey...

33,835.78 $ 937,880.90

RESERVES: Doubtful Assets .... . .. . .. Machinery Replacement Account Unpaid Checks Cancelled Emergency Fund
Contingent Revenue

$ 512,544.89 21,835.71 10,165.05
41.073.12 4,127,401.84

$ 4, 713,020.61

Total Allotments and Reserves.

$69,185,323.76

182 Twenty-FouTth RepoTt, Stctote Highway DepaTtment of GeoTgia

REVENUE RECEIPTS AND EXPENDITURES

July 1, 1951, to June 30, 1952

Exhibit "C"

REVENUE RECEIPTS

CASH: State T rcasury Fulton County Gwinnett County
Stephens County Carroll County Taliaferro County State Department of Agriculture
North Georgia College U. S. Corps of Engineers (Clark Hill Dam
Area, Relocation of Roads) Unpaid Checks Cancelled Miscellaneous Income

$46.310,049.69 1,613,950.91 13,300.70 i25.UO 47,584.44 644.90 6, 713.62 251.00
249,999.93 3,107.57 33,149.10 $48,279,476.86

FEDERAL GOVERNME:--IT: Federal Aid-Regular Fcdcral Aid-Secondary Federal Aid-Grade Crossing Urban Highway Works Program Flight Strips Urban Highway Surveys
Highway Planning Survey

$ 4,218,480.52 3,699,610.85 59,404.65
1.156,345.46
429~360.66
231.58 28,022.19 201,775.64

$ 9, 793,231.55

NON-CASH PARTICIPATION: Atlantic Coast Line Railroad Company. Central of Georgia Railway Company Georgia, Southern & Florida Railway Co. Seaboard Air Line Railroad Company Southern Railway Company
Total Revenue Receipts and Participation

$ 1,495.98 1,667.30
1.403.44 1,095.47 2,632.61 $ 8,294.80 ---------

$58,081,003.21

EXPENDITURES

CONSTRUCTION: State-Aid Contracts Post Road Contracts Federal-Aid Contracts-Regular Federal-Aid Contracts-Secondary Federal-Aid Contracts-Grade Crossing Urban Highway Contracts
Total Contract Expenditures
Construction by Construction by State Forces Reconstruction by State
Total Construction

$ 6,430,992.56 5,828.848. 78 8.949,948.40 7,824,001.67 517.808.55 2,842,149.15
$32,393,749.11
755,398.65 2.173,162.32 1,741,369.50
$37,063,679.58

Twenty-FouTth RepoTt, State Highway DepaTtment of GeoTgia 183

REVENUE RECEIPTS AND EXPENDITURES
July 1, 1951, to June 30, 1952
Exhibit "C" Continued

EXPENDITURES (CONTINUED)

SURVEYS: Regular Post Roads Federal-Aid Urban Highway
Access Roads
Georgia Turnpike Authority

$ 949,238.09 304,100.78
16,829.99 60,262.61 3,319.89
21,068.94

Total Surveys

$ 1,354,820.30

MAINTENANCE: Regular Undistributed
Under Contract Special
Center Line Sign Shop Douglas Shop

$ 5,183,643.26 229,656.58 554,716.77
1,143,780.38 431,402.27 47,615.86 37,857.68

Deduct: Balance of Expenditures Sign Shop Undistributed at June 30, 1952, but carried forward as Deferred Charges.. Total Maintenance
ADMINISTRATION: General Administration Research and Analysis

$ 7,628.672.80
47,615.86 $ 7,581,056.94
$ 808,650.19 22,197.55

Total Administration
MISCELLANEOUS: Equipment Purchases Compensation Claims Highway Planning Survey

$ 830,847.74
$ 1,877,226.57 46,529.10 411,198.47

Total Miscellaneous

$2,334,954.14

Total Expenditures

$49,165,358.70

RESUME'
Total Receipts Total Expenditures
Excess Receipts over Expenditures . Proprietary Surplus at July I, 1951
Proprietary Surplus at June 30, 1952..

$58,081,003.21 49,165,358.70
$ 8,915,644.51 21,408,505.84
$30,324,150.35

SUMMARY OF CONSTRUCTION

June 30, 1952

Exhibit "D"

DESCRIPTION

Total Allotments

EXPENDITURES

Net Encumbrances

Payments

Total Charges

Cost to Complete

FUND PARTICIPATION

State Funds

Federal Funds

County, W.P.A. and Other
Non-Cash Funds

Other Funds

Total Allotments

Open Projects Closed Projects
Totals

$505,196,243.74 $1,245,533.26 $465,287,384.02 $466,532,917.28 $38,663,326.46

Total Allotment

Distribution

------

Deduct: Construction Funds Received ___ _

Total Construction

Funds Due:

State Funds

Federal Funds

.....

Non-Cash

Participation

....

Other Cash

Participation

.

Total Funds Due

. . $294,039,846.91 $161,107,778.24 $46,456,264.05 I$3.592,354.54
''

272,226,962.76 147,145,445.36 46,403,380.05
1-~~--

757,129.11

'''

........

$ 21,812,884.15

....

.. ...

....

$13,962,332.88

..

..

. ....

..........

....

. ..

,..:$===5::c::2=,8=84==00~ ,_

$2,835,225.43

....

............. , ..

...

.. .. '

.....

+

'

.

$505,196,243.74 466,532,917.28
$38,663,326.46

COMPARATIVE STATEMENT OF REVENUE RECEIPTS AND EXPENDITURES
For Ten-Year Period Ending June 30, 1952
REVENUE RECEIPTS

1943

1944

1945

1946

1947

1948

1949

1950

1~51

Exhibit "E" 1952

Appropriations

........ $14,068,185.50 $12,804,562.55 $11 ,9il ,296.93 $22,139,235.95 $20,256,526.48 $30,815,730.91 $27.482,524.12 $30,348,501.90 $33,040,205.92 $46,310,049.69

U. S. Governnient, Cash

........ 4.425.503.60 4.428.027.16 2,226,818.94 2, 705,588.54 6.642,819.41 7,388,176.55 9,714,989.56 12,303,064.55 10,660,808.35 9, 793,231.55

Counties and Other Cash

8,961.71

....

766,739.94 141,279.52 547,703.41 1,683,170.57

Railroads, Cities and Othe.rs ..........

13,500.00

12,037.48

27,936.22

39,338.20

12.697.43

46,410.86

1,267.57

8,294.80

Miscellaneous Income _______

137,050.54 263.330.63 552,746.45

32,401.99

58,071.05

19,270.68 903,838.38 724.807.05 2,563,069.42 286,256.60

Work Projects Administration

I ,356,660. 75 1,033,917.04 188,132.74

42,020.79

.

..

.......

Counties, Non-Cash ___ __________________

524,168.43

352,072.96

55,200.16

29,310.40

204.86

. . . . .

.............

Cities, Non-Cash.

.

....

.........

12,291.24 ---------------------

. ..

. ..

Total Revenue Receipts

$20,525,068.82 $18,893,947.82 $15.043,384.391$24.948,557.67 $26,996,960.00 $38,223. I 78.14 $38,880.789.43 $43,564,063.88 $46,813,054.67 $58,081,003.21 I

EXPENDITURES

Administration

$

446,806.32 $

I
377,586.96' $

432,451.24 $

516,022.41 I$

706.239.81 $

698,829.16 $

816,177.76 $

785, 765.or $

790,132.83 $

830,847.74

Construction

..... 12,206,069.95 7,904,986.811 4,446.878. 72 6,053,516.25 18.778.646.48 19,176.439.40 32.264.461.81 33,575,252.34 32,197,784.93 37,063,679.58

Surveys

109,593.63 109,364.33 297,883.76 645,285.44 668,273.61 998,187.21 1,466,158. 71 1,362,384.23 1,294,010.33 I ,354,820.30

Maintenance ...

..... I ,930,890.27 . 3.188,841.06 5,152,912.87 7,129,115.05 5,716,352.14 5,781,051.92 6,045,092.38 5,789.388.29 6,454,547.05 7,581,056.94

Compensation Claims

45,453.70

24,337.27

20.447.50

25.166.77

22,08.1.03

44,829.63

54,155.9"

46,529.10

Highway Planning Survey

51,958.04

67.058.02

68.931.26

181,368.17

246,679.65

269,402.~8

280,442.67

325,495.18

387,641.41

411,198.47

Lands, Buildings and Equipment Redemption of Debt

, 6,148.07

36,895.07 155,722.48 514.795.59 512,199.27 I ,229,472.05 1,264,935.84 337,559.68 1,665,255.88 1,877,226.57

2.666, 790.93 2,666, 790.93 2,665,291.01 2,651,500.00 2.650,000.00 2,650,000.00

. . . . . . . . . .

. ...

Legislative and Other Transfers

20,100.03

41.770.51

4,447.46 :

Total Expenditures

$17,438,357.24 $14,351,523.22 $13,265,525.04 $17,757,710.69 $29.298,838.46 $30,832,996.85 $42,159,354.22 $42,220,674.35 142,843,528.33 $49,165,358.70

Excess Expenditures over Receipts ___ $ . $

$

$

$ 2,301,878.46 $

$ 3,278,564. 79 $

$

$

Excess Receipts over Expenditures . 3,086,711.58 4,542,424.60 1'777 ,859.35 7,190,846.98

7,390,181.29 , .....

I ,343,389.53 3,969,526.34 8,915,644.51

Add: Cash, Inventories and Deferred

Charges at Beginning of Period .

1.272,831.49 4,359,543.07 8,674,302.64 8,002,469.42 14,743,403.70 12,174,879.56 18,728,313.78 15,515,578.39 16,957,944.81 21,408,432.54

Balance: Cash, lnventories and De-
fcrred Charges at End of Period
Deduct: Fund Balances, Contracts, Reserves and Outstanding Purchase Orders at End of Period.....

$ 4,359,543.07 $ 8,901,967.67 $10,452,161.99 $15,193,316.40 $12,441,525.24 $19,565,060.85 $15,449,748.99 $16,858,967.92 $20,927,471.15 $30,324,077.05 8,150,608.86 8, 700,522.26 10,219,401.90 15,193,316.40 12,441,525.24 19,565,060.85 15,449,748.99 16,858,967.92 20,927,471.15 30,324,077.05

Fund Deficit at End of Period Fund Surplus at End of Period

$ 3,791,065.79 $ 201 ,445.4l.l $ 232,760.09

........

.....

.. -

INVENTORY OF LANDS, BUILDINGS AND EQUIPMENT
June 30, 1952
Schedule No. 6

DESCRIPTION
Lands .. Buildings . Passenger Equipment Trucks . Tractors Power Graders . Graders Other Road Equipment Office Equipment Engineering Equipment .. Laboratory Equipment Shop Equipment .
Totals

Appraised Value
June 30, 1951

Additions
Fiscal Year 1951-1952

Totals

I

Depreciation Equipment

Fiscal Year Sold or

1951-19~2

Junked

Appraised Value
June 30, 1952

$ 194,768.85

...

591,414.70

225.00

722,549.45

349,369.78

409,341.66

....

148,326.74

833,070.47

154,234.44

.

119,981.67

....

12,971.55

67,791.40

$ 12,099.57 $ 206.868.42 $ 85,691.70 677.1C6.40

$

$ 206,868.42

.

677,106.40

225.00

56.00

169.00

627,2"76:12 1,349,8~5.57

337.456.0~

13,874.75 998.494.82

168,156.16 517,525.94 129.380.00

3,575.00 384,570.94

329,538.80 738,880.46 184,720.00

3,350.00 550,810.46

51,770.95 200,097.69

50.000.00

2,050.0;) 148,047.69

541,824.64 1,374,895.11 343,720.00

1,550.00 1,029,625.11

37,188.97 191,423.41

19.142.00

---

172,281.41

16,959.54 136.941.21

13,694.00 -

123,247.21

4.480.59

17,452.14

1. 745.00 -

15,707.14

2.239.53

70,030.93

7,003.00

63,027.93

-------- $3,604,045.71 $1,877,226.57 $5,481,272.28 $1,086,916.00 $24,399.75 $4,369,956.53

'

SUMMARY OF UNENCUMBERED ALLOTMENTS

(Also Reflecting Reconciliation with Expenditures Since July 1, 1951)

June 30, 1952

Sch eduIc N o.

DESCRIPTION OF FUNDS

FUND s AVAILABLE

Balances ]

Net

June 30, 1951 Allotments

Totals

CHARGES

Net Encumbrances

Expcnditt1res

Totals

Available
Balances June 30,
1952

ANAL Y S I S BAL ANCE

O s F

Other Participation

State Funds

CONSTRUCTION: Regular State Funds Post Roads
Federal Aid-Regular Federal Aid-Secondary Federal Aid-Grade Crossing Urban Highway
Flight Strips

..... $ 2,329,916.49 $10,464,101.64 $12,794,013.Ll

$ 542.70 $ 6,430,992.56 $ 6,431,53.1.26 $ 6,362,432.37 $

.. $ 6,362.432.37

1,385,046.24 8.710,373.97 10,595,420.21

1,335.31 5.828.343. 73 5,830,134.09 4, 765,236.12

4,765.236.12

... 10,282,279.27 3,548,836. 70 18,331,115.97 Cr. 3.477.94 8,949,948.40 3,946,470.46 9,884,645.51 5,809,120.01 4,075,525.50

6,458,029.13 9,733,362.67 16,196,891.80 Cr. '1,189.44 7,824,0111.67 7,820,312.23 8,376,079.57 5,015,205.44 3,360.874.13

....

777,339.89 Cr. 14,669.59

762, 72ll.3cl

. _,-,-

517.808.55

517.808.55

244,911.75

133,234.72

56,677.03

3,154.374.35 6,499,970.28 9.654,344.63

256.22 2.342,149.15 2,842.405.37 6,811,939.26 2,999,301.18 3,812,633.08

4,609.36

4.6119.36

4,609.36

3,355.53

1,253.33

Total Contracts Construction by Convict Forces Construction by State Foret'S Reconstruction by State Forces

$24,891,644.73 493,363.38 742,887.86
....

$43,947,475.67 658,635.05
2,224,876.15 3,408,792.66

$68,839,120.40 Cr.$ 4.533.15

1,152,498.93

307.13

2,967,764.01 Cr. 135,315.22

3,408, 792.66

780,711.20

$32,393.749.11
755,398.65 2.173.162.32 1. i41,369.50

$32,339,2l.'i.96 755.705.78
2,037,847.10 2,522,080.70

$36,449,904.44 396,793.15
929.916.91 886,711.96

$14,015,216.38

$22,434,687.56 396,793.15 929,916.91
886,711.96

Total Construction

-

$26,128,396.47

ALLOTMENTS FOR GE!\ERAL

OPERATIONS:

Surveys-Regular

Surveys-Post Roads

......

Survf"ys-Federal Aid

41.800.00

Surveys-Urban Highway

126,522.19

Surveys-Access Roads __

....

Surveys-Georgia Turnpike Authority

Maintenance___::Regular .....

Maintenance-Undistributed

Maintcnancc-Under Contract

3, 708.27

Maintenance-Special

471,559.64

Center Line

*Sign Shop

....

Douglas Shop

....

Administration

Research and Analysis Equipment Purchases

....
.........

-

Compensation Claims Refunding Certificate

.... - ---------100.00

Highway Planning Survey

-- -

258,428.88

Totals

..................... $27.035.515.45

$50.239,779.53
952.394.03 303,890.22
25,000.00 32.240.42 43,397.49 160,000.00 5,26.'1.687.01 229,340.15 531,936.49 645.463.93 457,759.85 Cr. 12:334.38 38.211.44 312.932.99 23,752.06 1,632.546.24 46,529.10
387.513.33
$61.866.489.95

$76,368,176.00

----$641,169.96 $37,063,679.58

952,394.03

3,655.99

303,390.22 Cr. 210.56

66.800.00

158.762.61

43.397.49

77 60

160,000.00

88.16

5.265,637.01

82.043.75

229.340.L'i Cr. 316.43

590,644.i6

l,ll7,023.57 Cr. 310,031.89

457,759.85

26,357.58

Cr. 12.384.38 Cr. 12.381.38

38,211.44

353.76

812.932.99

4,282.80

23.752.06

1,554.51

1.632.546.24 Cr. 244,680.33

46,529.10

---

100.00

645,942.21

5,009.50

949.233.09 304.1011.78
16,829.99 60,262.61
3,319.39 21,068.94 5.183.643.26 229.656.58 'J54,716.77 1.143.730.38 431,402.27
37.857.6R 308,650.19
22,197.55 1,87i,226.57
46,529.10
411,198.47

$88.902,005.40 $196,920.02 $49,165,358.70

----$37,704.349.54 $38,663,326.46 $14,015.216.83

952.894.08 303,390.22
16,829.99 60,262.61
3,397.49 21,157.10 5.265,637.01 229,340.15 5'14. 716.77 833,698.49 457.i5J.8) Cr. 12.334.38 38.211.44 312.9'12.99 2'1.752.rfi 1.632.546.24 46,529.10
416,207.971
$49,362,278.72

.......................
49,970.01 98,500.00 40,11011.0J 138,842.90
35,927.99 283,325.08
---100.00
229,734.24 $39,539.726.68

35.500.00 98,500.00 40,000.00
... -
. ... ....
229,734.24 $14,418,951.12

$24,643,109.58
----- ...i4,47o:ol
138,842.90 35.927:99 283,325.08
--- ....................

---- 1oo:oo
$25,120,775.56

*The Sign Shop Allotment and ExpPnditures include $33,426.59 brought forwar d at the beginning of the period as undistrihuted charges and exclude $47,615.86 which represents undistributed charges at June 30, 1952.

188 Twenty-Fourth Report, State Highway Department of Georgia

DETAIL OF EQUIPMENT ALLOTMENTS

July 1, 1951, to June 30, 1952

ACCOUN T S

Allotments
For Year 1951-1952

Schedule No 8-C

Net

Expenditures

Encumbrances

Total Charges

Administration Highway Planning Survey~~~ ~~ Construction Maintenance_
Totals

$ 134.726.45 7,692.51
149,375.79 I ,340, 751.49
$1,632,546.24

$ 10,953.73 $ 123,772.72

692.75

6,999.76

Cr. 108,025.02 257,400.81

Cr. 148,301.79 1,489,053.28

Cr.$244,680.33 $1,877,226.57

$ 134,726.45 7,692.51
149,375.79 1,340,751.49
$1,632,546.24

ANALYSIS OF EQUIPMENT PURCHASES

July 1, 1951, to June 30, 1952

Schedule No. 10-D

TYPE OF EQUIPMENT

Cost

Lands~ .. Buildings Trucks~ . Tractors _. Power Graders Graders_ .. Other Road Equipment Office Equipment Engineering Equipment Laboratory Equipment___. Shop Equipment...
Total

$ 12,099.57 85,691.70 627,276.12 168,156.16 329.538.80 51,770.95 541,824.64 37,1118.97 16,959.54 4,480.59 2,239.53
$1,877,226.57

Twenty-Fourth Report, State Highway Department of Georgia 189

SUMMARY OF EXPENDITURES BY CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICTS

July 1> 1951> to June 30> 1952

Schedule No 8 F

DISTRICTS

Construction

Surveys

Total Maintenance Expenditures

First Second Third Fourth Fifth Sixth Seventh.. Eighth .. Ninth ..... Tenth
Totals Total Expenditures hy Congressional Districts

$ 4,028,628.20 1,182,165.14 7,157,965.02 2,143,411.47 2,742,174.88
.... 6,505,657.30 3,871,194.68 4,827,375.88 3,653,964.07 951,142.94
$37,063,679.58

$ 181,995.43 106,084.01
109,855.35 205,088.93
182,929.63 82,282.63 187,049.03 153,589.57 101,532.34
44,413.38

$ 980,168.32 642,312.76
1,170,925.81 687,520.73 193,026.10
652.144.91 657,935.88 1,049,414.06 879,022.45
668,585.92

$1,354,820.30 $7,581,056.94

$ 5,190,791.95 I ,930,561.91 8,438,746.18 3,036,021.13 3,118,130.61 7,240,084.84 4,716,179.59 6,030,379.51 4,634,518.86 1,664,142.24
$45,999,556.82

ESTIMATED PARTICIPATION

June 30> 1952

Schedule No. 9

Description of Funds
FEDERAL CASH PARTICIPATION: Federal Aid-Regular Federal Aid-Secondary Federal Aid-Grade Crossing Urban Highway Works Program Fli!(ht Strips Federal-Aid Surveys Urban Highway Surveys Access-Road Surveys Highway Planning Survey

Balances June 30,
1951

Additions
Since July I, 1951

Earned Since July I, 1951

Balances
To Be Earned

$ 6,137,619.91 4,194,079.91 69,596.27 1,714,415.74 662,514.88 3,587.11 23,000.00 126,522.19
258,428.88

$ 3,842,388.15 4,482,493.38
Cr. 1,773.20
2,441,230.90 Cr. 20,386.45

$4,218,480.52
3,699,610.85 59,404,65
1,156,345.46 429,360.66
231.58

$ 5, 761,527.54 4,976,962.44 8,418.42
2,999,301.18 212,767.77 3,355.53 35,500.00 98,500.00
40,000.00 229,734.24

Totals Total Participation

$14,366.067.12
it 13,8"'78.'0"0I
12,800.00 3,176.00 3,260.00
590.00 2,908.00 8,432.00 7,840.00
$ 52,884.00
$14,418,951.12

SUMMARY OF EXPENDITURES BY OBJECT CLASSIFICATION
Object of Expenditures
Personal Services Equipment Expenses Equipment Purchases Communication Services Heat. Light, Power and Rents Traveling Expenses Supplies and Materials Insurance Printing and Binding Indemnitv Claims Compt:"ns~tion Claims Paymtnts to Contractors Special and Miscellaneous
Total Administration (Exhibit "C") Total Construction (Exhibit "C") Total Maintenance (Exhibit "C") Equipment Purchases (Exhibit Compensation Claims (Exhibit Highway Planning Survey Total Expenditures

Twenty-FouTth RepoTt, State Highway DepaTtment of GeoTgia 191

APPROPRIATION BALANCES
june 30, 1952

CONSTRUCTION: For Matching Fcderal Regular Construction Surveys
MAINTENANCE: Heavy Maintenance Regular Maintenance Deferred Credits
Center Line
ADMINISTRATION: Deferred Credits
EQUIPMENT PURCHASES
COMPENSATION CLAIMS
HIGHWAY PLANNING SURVEY
Total Appropriation Balances June 30, 1952 (Exhibit "A")

Schedule No. 12

$116,817.65 $217,601.86
14,963.64 232,565.50

$168,391.52 71,128.97

$ 22,937.50 239,520.49

21,442.54
Cr. 639,896.68 768,122.27

283,900.53 128,225.59

126,939.27

15,596.58

33,835.78

$937,880.90