Seventeenth report of the State Highway Board of Georgia to the Governor and General Assembly of the State of Georgia for the fiscal years ending June 30, 1937, and June 30, 1938

Seventeenth Report
OF THE
STATE HIGHWAY BOARD I OF GEORGIA
To the Governor and General Assembly of the State of Georo-ia

FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ~ El\TfliNG JUNE 30, 1937, AND JUNE 30, 1938
I'=.- ===================================-=----'i

Seventeenth Report
OF THE
STATE HIGHWAY BOARD
OF GEORGIA
TO THE
Governor and General Assembly of the State of Georgia
FOR THE
FISCAL YEARS ENDING JUNE 30, 1937, AND JUNE 30, 1938

The State Highway Department Building at 2 Ca itol S uare Atlanta

Seventeenth Report, Stale Higl11wy Board oj Georgia

3

Letter of Transmittal
To His ExcELLE"'CY, HoNORABLE E. D. RIVERs,
GovERNOR oF GEORGH,
ATLANTA, GEORGIA.
DEAR SIR:
In accordancE' vrith tlw law defining tht> dutiP~ of the State Highway Board of Georgia we submit hen'with for vour consideration a biennial report of the activities of tht> Highway Department covering the two fiscal years ending June 30, 1937, and June 30, ] 9:)8.
The present Board, with the exception of Mr. Herman H. Watson, took office in January, 19:)7. :Yir. Watson assumed his duties on l\Iarch 1, 1937.
Your attention is re~pectfully directed to the individual report~ of the heads of thP various Departments carried herein. We believe that the responsibility of each, as well as the amount and importance of the work performed, i<; greater than that of any similar period in the history of the Department.
Two entirely new Divisions, the Division of Highway Planning and the Division of Post Roads, werP added to the organization. the latter bv Act of the General Assemblv, and details of their work mav be found. elsewhere.
The greatly increased activities of the Department necessitated an enlargement of the State High11ay Building. Two stories were added, these providing comfortable quarters, not on! v for the regular personnel but for the two new Divisions mentionPd abovP.
The Board found it necessary to increase the number of operating Divisions from three to seven in order properly to plan and supervise the vast amount of new work.
The report of the Secretary-TrPasurer is a complete financial study of all revenuPs and expenditures of the Department. The report of the Legal Department covers an ever-increasing field of activitv. A detailed rPport of operations is given by the heads of the various other Divisions and a resume of the activities of the Highway Planning Division and of the Post Roads Division is included.
The Board is grateful for the whole-hearted cooperation of vour administration.
Hcspectfully ~u!.mitted,
STATE HIGHWAY BOARD OF GEORGIA
By: W. L. MILLER, Chairman, }IM L. GILLIS, Member, HERJ\TA'\ H. \VATSO'\, Memher.

A ribbon of concrete stretches toward Athens. This picture shows State Route No . 24 in Walton County, between Monroe

Seventeenth Report, State Highuay Board of Georgia

5

FOREWORD
IN submitting this Biennial Report, an effort
has been made to include information in which we believe his Excellency the Governor and the General Assembly are equally as interested as in the routine statistical data which heretofore was published to the exclusion of all descriptive matter regarding the work of the Department.
We have tried to g1ve herein a clear, concise picture of the activities and status of each of the Departments making up the State Highway organization, as well as all pertinent financial facts.

Nice riding for motorists who visit Laurens County. Single surface treatment on li~nerock base between Dublin and Irwin-

Seventeenth Report, State Highway Board of Georgia

7

Table of Contents

Page No.

Letter of Transmittal

------ -- - 3

Foreword ________ _

5

History of State Highway Board

8 ;

Organization Chart__

_______ _

10

Highway Department Official Personnel

11;

Part One-Administrative Division ____ _

13

Part Two-Legal Division __________ _

15

Part Three-Operating Division ______ _

19

Bridge Department __________

_____ _

Office Engineer's Department_ ____ _

25 - 33

Division of Highway Planning _ Roadway Plans and Design ___ _ Surveys __________ _ State Forces Department __ Maintenance Department _______ _

- 41
- 47
-------- 49 51 65

a. General Highway Shop ____ _ --------- 81
b. General Highway Warehouse __ ------- 85
Department of Tests and Research______ _ _____ 87

Purchasing Department

93

Post Roads Division ___ _

97

Part Four-Fiscal Division ______ __ _____ _ 105

State Highway Board Accounting, 1936-1937 ___ 118 State Highway Board Accounting, 1937-1938 ____ 196

Post Roads Division Accounting, 1937-1938 _ 270

Index of Texts and Tabulations ___

___ _ _ 294

8

Seventeenth Report, State Hip;hway Board of Georgia

State Highway Department Created
By General Assembly in 1916
The State Highway Department of Georgia was created by Act of Legislature, August 16, 1916, and a Highway Commission composed of the three members of the Prison Commission, together with the State Geologist, the Dean of the College of Civil Engineering of the State University, and the Professor of Highwav Engineering at the Georgia School of Technology was appointed.
The original Highway Commission consisted of the following members:
T. E. PATTERSON, Chairman, :Member of Prison Commission. E. L. RAINEY, Member of Prison Commission.
J. E. DAVIDSON, Member of Prison Commission.
S. W. McCALLIE, State Geologist.
C. M. STRAHAN, Professor of Civil Engineering, State l"niversity. R. D. KNEALE, Professor of Civil Engineering, Georgia School of
Technology.
This Commission served until the reorganization of the Highway Department, by Act of Legislature approved August 13, ] 919.
This Legislature of 1919 provided that the State Highway Department of Georgia, reorganized and reconstructed, should be managed and controlled by the State Highway Board, which should consist of three members appointed by the Governor, one from each of three divisions of the State. The boundaries of each division were set out. The term of office of initial appointees was to be two, four and six years, after which each ' new member was to serve six years.
The Appointments to the newly reorganized State Highway Board and their successors with term of office are shown in the tabulation on the opposite page.

Members of State Highway Board of Georgia Since Reorganization

Name of Member

Title

A_P_P'_'i_n_te_.d_B_Y_ _I Term Began I TPrm Endc>d

Remarks

C. l\1. Strahan _________ _ Chairman

Governor Dorsey ______ Sept. 1, 1919__ Dtec. 31, 192L_ Expiration of initial two year term.

Stanley S. Bennet ____ _ '\I ember_______ Governor llorsey ______ Sept. l. 1919__ Dec. 31, 1923__ Expiration of initial four year term.

R. C. N ecly ____________ _ '\Iemher_ ______ Governor Dorsey ----- Sept. 1, 1919__ Oct. 27, 192.3__ Died in office.

John N. Holder_ ______ _ Chairman ______ Governor Hardwick_ __ .Tan. l. 1922_ __ June 2, 1929 ____ Succeeded C. l\1. Strahan.

W. T. Anderson _________ _ Member_______ Governor Walker_____ Nov. l. 1923___ July, 1925 ----- Succeeded R. C. Neely.

Stan lev S. Bennet-------- Member_ ______ Governor Walker_ __ .Tan. L 1924--- Dec. 31, 1929__ Reappointed.

John R. Phillips ________ _ Member ______ Governor Walker_ ____ Aug.~ 1925_____ Dec. 31, 1933 __ Succeeded W. T. Ander:-on

Sam Tate____ ----- _____ _ Chairman ______ Governor Hardman ___ June 1. 1929___ April l. 1930 - Succeeded John N. Holder.

W. C. Vereen ___________ _ '\Iember_ ______ Governor Hardman ___ Jan. 1, 19.30___ Tunc 19, 1933 __ SuccePded Stanley S. Bennet.

J. W. Barnell _________ _ Chairman ______ Governor Hardman ___ April l. 1930__ June 19. 1933__ SucccPdPd Sam Tate.

J. P. Wilhoit_ ________ _ Member_ ----- Governor Rus:-ell _____ Jan. l, 1932___ Jurw 19. 1933 __ Succeeded John R. Phillips.

J. P. Wilhoit___________ _ Officer in

Charge _____ _ Governor Talinadge ___ June 19, 1933__ July 20. 1933__ Appointed officer Ill charge.

J. J. Mangham _________ Chairman ____ _ GO\ernor Talmadge ___ July 20. 1933 __ Nov. 21, 193.3__ Succeeded J. w. Barnett.

W. E. Wilburn__ ------1 '\Iember______ _ Governor Talmadge ___ July 20, 1933 __ Nov. 21, 193.3 __ Succeeded J. l'. Wilhoit.

'\Iax L. 1\lcRae___

'\Iember_ _____ _ Governor Talmadge ___ July 20, 1933. Jan. 1S, 19:l7-- Succeeded w. C. Vereen.

W. E. Wilburn__________ Chairman ____ _ Governor Talmadge __ Nov. 21, 193.') __ Jan. 25, 19,'l7 -- Appointed Chairman.

John A. Heck__________ Member _____ _ Governor Talmadge __ Nov. 21, 1933 __ Dec. 31, 193:L_ Succeeded J. J. Mangham.

John A. Heck__________ Member_ _____ _ Governor Talmadge ___ Tan. 1, 1934 -- :\larch 1, 1937- Reappointed to full term.
W. L. Miller___________ Chairman _____ _ Governor Hivers ______ Jan. 25. 1937 -- Still in Office__ Succeeded w. E. Wilburn.
Jim L. Gillis____________ '\Iember______ _ Governor Rivers______ .fan. 25. 193 7-- Still in Office__ Succeeded Max L. l\1cRae.

Herman H. watson ______ '\Iember_ _____ _ Governor Rivers

Mar. 4, 1937 -- Still in Office__ Succeeded John A. Heck.

STATE HIGHWAY BOARD OF GEORGIA
ORGANIZATION CHART
1938
PEOPLE LEGISLATURE

fi(~O OR~HS,.(N- EN~r .. [ [ f l A5ST5 CCRKS- Tf!AHIC OHIC!RS

APPROVED~ <~rMEI<fl:tWAYU,. APPROVED~~
CHAifl ..... N.OF ST,.,T( HJ}JWAY OOARD

Seventeenth Report, State Hip;hzDay Board of Georgia

ll

State Highway Department . Official Personnel

Chairman, State Higlucay Board W. L. MILLER

Member, State Highway Board ]l?II L. GILLIS

Member, State Higluw\ Board HERMAN H. WATSON

Secreta,ry-Treasurer, State Highzwy Board
F. P. VANSTORY

Assistant Attorney General W. GLENN THOMAS

State Highway Engineer H. E. NEWTON, JuLY l, 1936, TO FEBRliARY l, 1937 E. JACK SMITH, FEBRGARY l, 1937, TO JuLY H, 1937
E. A. STANLEY, JuLY 14, 19:37, To JcNE 30, 19::18

Assistant State Hightcay Engineers G. C. BLOUNT
In Charge of ivlaintenance

W. B. BRANTLEY Federal Aid Construction

C. W. WRIGHT Stale Construction

Moss-festooned trees canopy Mcintosh Connty road. Road mix (Asphalt) on State Ronte No. 131 . The pictnre shows the road as it passes throngh Ridgeville. Note curves in ali nment mad i1

Seventeenth Report, State Highway Board of Georgia

13

PART ONE

Administrative Division
In comparing the activities of the present State Highway Board with those of previous years, we find much of which to be justlv proud. lt~ relations with county and municipal officials have been exceptionally friendly and cooperative. Its contact with the Bureau of Public Roads, through whom all Federal Aid is allotted, has been closer and more pro ductive than that of any former period. The Board has received an extraordinary number of visitors. For the period from June 30, l9~n. to June 30, 1938, it conferred with 3.59 county and municipal delegations and interviewed 2029 individuals on business of the Highway Department.
The individual nwmbers of the Board have personally inspected work under construction as well as new projects contemplated.
During the fiecal year ending June 30, ] 9:37, the Board added to the State System l}l.5.868 miles of road and for the year ending June 30, ] 938, 834.1.53 miles. This brings the total mileage on the State System, as of July], 1938, to 10,9.52.828 miles.
During the two fiscal years above nwntioned, the Board held 31 public letting;;;. It awarded contracts on 100 bridges and 1,.556.867 miles of new road. In addition to this it authorized the construction bv Countv ForcPs
of 64 bridges and 665.719 miles of road work, most of which -was for
grading and drainage only. Actual details of these programs will be found in the reports of the
heads of the various departments.
Mileage on State Highway System

Type of Surface

June 30. 1936

June 30, 1937

June 30. 1938

Plain Earth______ __________ ____________ _ Top Soil and Sand Clay____________________ _ Gravel and Macadam_______________________ _ Surface Treatment__ ________________ ___ ___ _ Penetration .\1acadam ______________________ _ Bituminous Concrete___ __________________ _ Cement Concrete ___________________ _
Brick ------------------------------------Structures

3.593.824 750.988 690.689
1.794.113 382.178 388.704
1,623.901 12.643 35.767

4,114.233 686.653 660.718
2.03S.547 378.550 447.528
1.739.615 12.643 43.188

4.295.042 472.3S9 845.766
2.S3S.265 360.397 457.015
1.921.182 12.720 53.082

TOTALS _____________ _

9,272.8071 10.118.6751 10.952.828

A section of the new A tlanta-Marietta, concrete highway, which, wizen completed will provide a broad, well-protected traf-

- - fK artei''V between the___]_wo citie< ;,. .Too'" " abo.. o 7'!. '" 1



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Seventeenth Report, State Higlnmy Board of Georgia

15

PART TWO

Legal Department
Tht> Legal Departmt>nt is composed of an Assistant Attorney General assignt>d to the Statp Highwav Board, ont> Spt>cial Assistant Attorney Gt>nf'ral for gt>nt>ral lt>gal servict>_ and one SpPcial As~istant Attorney Genpral assignt>d to the Post Roads Division_ Tht>rt> also is a Compensation Supervisor whost> dutv it is to handle claims filf'd against tht> Highway Departmt>nt as the rt>sult of accidt>ntal injurif's suffered by its employt>s.
Tht> Lf'gal Dt>partmt>nt' s dutif's consist of:
] . Invt>stigatini! claims gro11 ing out of contrarts t>ntert>d into hetwt>t>n the Stat!~ Highway Board and contractors_ insuran('e companies, railroads, t>t('., and giving lt>gal opinions on them.
2. Investigating wits arising from damai!t>S resulting from deft>l'lin~ bridgt>s and from the taking or damai!in;r of property in tlw ('Onstruction of State-aid roads.
3. Approving all contracts and insuran('e policit>s and adjusting all lt>gal entanglt>rnt>nts involvin;r right-of-wav Jifficultie'.
-. Prt>paring easements and other pt>rmissi 1 e agret>ments for the plac-
ing of poles_ watf'r mains, and other public utilitit>s on and ovt>r the roads or rights-of-wav mmed hv the State Highwa,- Board.
S. Advisin;r with and instructing tht> different Dt>partment Heads on any matters invoh-ing lt>gal technicalities.
Department Activities
The Dt>partment succeedPd to more than 2S pending suits on Januarv 1-, 1937, when tlw Assistant Attorney General assignt>d to the State High-
wav Board Look offict>, and since that date 5,} otht>r suits have been filed a;r~inst the Department. ~lam- of tlwse haw been disposed of t>ither by trial, st>ttlement or othPrwi>-t>. Tht>re are now pending approximatdy 2.S cases which art> subjcct to trial or otlwr disposition on the part of tht> Lt>gal Department.
Prior to ] 9:37 the State law 11 as in confusion as to how suits could be hrou;rht against the Statt> High11-av Board of Georgia for damages resulting from defectivt> bridges and from thP taking or damaging of propf'rty hy the state in the comtruction of State-aid roads. The law has been definite! y ;;wttled by the Supreme Court of Georgia, h(mever, and it is now necessary in such cases that suits be filed directly against the county in which the damagt>s occurred, and the county, in turn, may vouch the State Highway Board in to defmd the suit.
This procedure, although it plact>s a greater burden upon this DPpartment, is a convenience to litigants, since their claims may he filed and dispo>:ed of in the counties where the accidents occur or the damage re-

Here is another view of th e A tlanta-Marietta concrete highway as it winds through tlte hills of Cob b Co unty. The strip in

the middle of tlt e road is a [our-{oot, as phalt-paved neutral area raj sed sev e ral inc/. as abo"a cl.a 1 'z 1

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Seventeenth Report, State Highway Board of Georgia

17

sults rather than in some county in which one of the Board members resides.
Durinf!: the l 937 Session and the 1937-1933 Extraordinary Session of the Legislature much important legislation affecting the State Highway Department was enacted. The first Act, which was approved March 3, l 937, was an Act abolishing the State Highway Board. This Act is shown on page 90S of the Acts of the General Assembly of Georgia for 19.37.
The next Act, which was passed and approved on the same day as the Act mentioned above, was entitled an Act "Creating Highway Board." This is shown on page 906 of the Acts of the General Assembly of Geor gia of l 937.
The next Act, which was approved on March 13, 1937, was that of creating the l;nited States Post Roads Division of the State Highwav Department. This may be found on page 912 of the Acts of the General As emhlv of 1937.
Board's Authority Widened
On Februarv 12, 1938, during the Extraordinary Session of the Legis lature an Act was passed under the terms of which all public roads in the Stale, including those roads in the Rural Post Roads Svstem, were made a part of the State Highway System, the Act adding them to the map at tached to the Traylor-Neill Bill, which was passed in 1929. The purpose of this Act, which is found on page 1.30 of the Acts of the General Assembly of the 19::>7-1938 Extraordinary Session, is to give to the State Highway Department the legal right to designate "State Aid Roads." Until they are so designated, the Act sets out that the Highway Department will not he responsible for their maintenance, nor will the counties receive a pro rata share of the gasoline tax through the addition of the undesignated roads to the map.
On February 16, 1938, an Act was passed under the terms of which all members of the State Highway Board were required to devote their full time to the performam;e of the duties of their office. The salary of each member, with the exception of the Chairman, was fixed at $5,000 per year, the Chairman's salary being set by the Board. This Act is found on page 528 of the Acts of the General Assembiy of the 19~)7-1938 Extraordinary Session.
Post Roads Funds
On February 16, 1938, an Act was passed under the terms of which the State Highway Board was required to transfer a sufficient amount of any funds available to them to the Rural Post Roads Division of Georgia for the purpose of matching all available Federal funds authorized by the Federal Government to be expended in Georgia in building and constructing rural post roads, farm to market roads, and'or secondary roads. This Act may be found on page 537 of the Acts of the General Assembly of Georgia of 1937-1933 Extraordinary Session.

Highway Department~s 7-Division Set-Up

T E NN

N

c
STATE
HIGHWAY BOARD
OF
0 GEOHGL\
OUTLINE MAP SHOWING
COUNTIES

...1

F

L

0

R

A

Boundaries of the seven Divisions of the State Highway Departnwnt, and the Divi-
sion headquarters, are shmrn in the map above. The division by counties is as fol-
lows:
One (Home)- -Rartow, Canol!, (\ltoosa. Cllilttooga, Cheroh:L'f', ('oJJh, ])a de. llt.'Kalh, lhwgla~. Fauniu, Floyd, Fulton, (~ilmer. (~ordon, Harnlsoii, ..\Ittl'Pay, l'allldillg, rit'li:ens, Polk, \Vall\er a11d Whitfield.
Two (GainPsrillP)- Banks, Rarnnr. Clarhe. Dnws(l!l, Elbert. For:-.:rth. ~'r;mldin. (;wiiJilf:'tt, Hallt>rsllam. Hall, Hart, .Jacl.;.son, J~Hmpkill. :.\IadiscJll, Oconee, Habtm, ~tephens. Towns. r11ion,
\Ynltoll antl \Vhitc. Three (Augttsta) --BttrkP, Colmubia. (au."H'Otk. (;rNne. Hantotk..Jefff'rsoH, .Tenkins, .Jolm-
son. J.iiH'oln, ~\IeHuffic. Ogldllorpc, Hkllmond. TaliafLrro. "'arrtn. "'ash1ngtnn and "'ilkes. Four C:\Iacon)- -Raldwin, Bibb, BlecldLy, Butts. Clayton, Crawford. J)ooly, }~ayttte. Henry,
Houston, .rasJH'l', .Jones. Lamar, I..allrrlls, .:\Ionroe. :.\lorgan, Xewto11, Peach, l'ih.c. Pulasld, Putnam. Hoekdalc, Spaldinp;, Twiggs, rpsOIJ alld \Yilkins011.
Five (Columbus)--- Bal~~er, Calhoun. Chattalwotllee. Clay, Cmnta, ncratnr, Votl/!:ht>rty,
Early, Harris, HLard. Lee, Jiacon. ::\larion, .1Ieri\vetller. :.\lilltr. Jiitcilcll. .)Im;coget. Qnitman, Hanllolvh. Srllley. Seminole. Ste\Yart, Sumter. Talbot. Taylor, Tenell. Troup nnd \Yehster.
Six (SaYanHall) -Brantley, Bryall, Bnllocll, Camcltn. Candler. Chatham. ]~ffingham. Emanncl. E\aiH, Glynn. J.iberty, Lu11g, .:\Id11tosh. -:\lolltgomery, Bcrenn. Tattnali, Toombs, Trentll'n
and \Yayne. Seven (}'itzgerald)-Appling, .Atkinson. Ba('Oll, Hen Hill. Rcrrh"'n, Brooks. Charlton, Clilleh,
Coffee, Colquitt, Cook, ('ri~Jl. Dodge. Ecl10ls. Grady, InYin . .JL'f'f Varis, ]..:ulier, I..owntlcs,
Pier<'L'. Telfair, Thomas, 1'ift, Tttrtll'r, \Yare. \Ylieeler. \Yikox and \Yorth. Tllis division into counties went into effeet 011 .July 1, l~l:H.

Seventeenth Report, State Highway Board of Georgia

19

PART THREE

Operating Division
As amended by the State Highway Board going into office on January 1, 19:37, the State Highway Department of Georgia, insofar as the supervising engineering staff is concenwd, consists of a State Highway Engineer and three Assistant State Highway Engineers_
The State Highwav Engineer is appointed hy and is directly responsible to the State Highway Board_ The State Higlma y Engineer is the coordinating agency for the Board in that he directs the t:eneral activities of the entire personnel of the State Highway Department except those of the Post Roads Division, whose Director is responsible directl v to the Highway Board_ The activities of the Post Roads Division are cowred separately in this Report_
The State Highway Engineer, through the cooperation of the various subordinate department heads, promulgates the general administrative policies adopted by the Highway Board, as well as supen-ising, through the various department heads, the planning, location, design, construction, and maintenance of all roads and bridges in the state system, exclusive of those in the Post Roads Div-ision.
Work of Assistants
Of the three Assistant State Highway EnginePr,_, one has responsible charge, under the State Highway Engineer, of all Federal aid work in
which the utilization of Federal aid funds expended through the C S.
Bureau of Public Roads is involved.
The Assistant State Highway Engineer in Charge of State Work has general ;oupervision of all construction projects invohing 100'/c State funds and all county contracts invohing work on the State Highway System.
The Assistant State Highway Engineer in Charge of Maintenance has general supervision of the maintenancP and repair of the roads, pavements and bridges on the Stale Highway System and has direct charge of several heavy reconstruction or repaving outfits which are organized with State Highway personnel and State Highwav equipment.
In addition, there is a Federal Contact EnginePr who coordinates the work between the various State Highway Department Heads and the U. S. Bureau of Public Roads.
Seven Divisions
For administrative and supervisory purposes the Stale is divided into seven DiYisions, with Division Headquarters located in the following centers: Rome, Gainesville, Augusta, Macon, Columbus, Savannah and Fitzgerald.
Each Division Headquarters engineering personnel consists of a Divi-

Something new in Georgia highway construction. This road, State Route No . 22, m Talbot Count , oot lanes, separated b_y_

Seventeenth Report, State Highway Board of Georgia

21

sion Engineer, a Division Office Engineer, two Assistant Division Engineers, and a Maintenance Supervisor.
The Division Engineer. as head of each Division organization, has direct and responsible charge of (1) surveys and location work; (2) active contract construction projects of roads and bridges_ and I 3) normal maintenance and betterment \rork.
The Division Office Enginepr has supervision of the Division Office paper work, estimates. records, requisitions, etc.
Constmction, Maintenance
One Assistant Division Engineer in Charge of Construction has actiw field supervision, under the Division Engineer. of all contract construction work in the Division and the other Assistant Division Engineer in Charge of 1\Jaintenance is in charge of that part of the maintenance work of a technical or engineering nature.
The Maintenance Supenisor in each Division has direct charge of the normal maintenance personnel and the nurmal maintenance of the State Highways to keep them in repair and in sprviceable condition.
Working directly under the Division Engineer in each Division arc 11) Locating Engineers and Survey Parties, 12) Resident Engineer,., Assistant Residt>nt Engineers, Inspectors, lnstrumcntmen and Rodmen, who mpervise thE' construction work on contract projects and see that the work is done in conformity with the plans and specifications pertaining to each contract.
Safety on Highways
Considerable thought is being given by the Georgia Highway Department to design and construction features that will promote additional safet) on the State Highways.
These features include wider rights of way, easier horizontal and Yertical curvature in order to increase sight distance, wider pavements, wider shoulders, and flatter fill and cut slopes.
Larger areas of the cut and fill slopes are being planted to bermuda grass, which not only eliminates the unsightly appearance of construction scars but also reduces future maintenance costs in that erosion is controlled and washing of the construction slopes retarded or prevented.
A recent construction detail that can be observed on the State Highways is the construction of bermuda sod ditch checks in the side drainage ditches and outfall ditches at locations where the earth material has a tendency to erode and scour.
Roadside Improvement
An outstanding example of roadside improvement treatment of a highway may be observed on State Route No. 10, between Avondale and Stone Mountain, in DeKalb County. All construction slopes, both in fill and

New paving throngh Middle Georgia hills. Limerock base with single snrface treatment between Dublin and Irwinton, on

State Route No . 29. in LanrP.tL< r'.rw.niN - N.n t D M ~~

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Seventeenth Report, State Highway Board of Georgia

23

cut sections, were given a layer of top soil and planted to bermuda grass; bermuda sod ditch checks were constructPd in all ditches that showed anv indication of washing or eroding, and special care was given to the preser:vation and protection of the native tree growth that could be saved on the right of way.
An example of the most advanced design to promote safety on heavily traveled primary roads is the section of pavement that has been completed in Fulton Countv on what is known as the new Atlanta-Marietta Highway. This State Highway is on an entirely new location from where it leaves Northside Drive, in the vicinity of Atlanta, to a point north of Marietta, where it connects with State Route No. ;\. The section of pavement that has bePn completed consists of two 20-foot wide strips of concrete separated by a 4-foot wide dividing strip \\hich has been raised slightly abo\e the surface of the pavemPnl. This con><truction provides a high speed oneway traffic lane in each direction with a sPparating -1-foot strip that can be crossed hv Yehicles in cases of emergency but \\hich serves as a definite separation of opposing traffic under ordinary condition><.
Widening Project
An example of the rebuilding and widening of a narrow pan~ment which had become totally inadequate for present dav traffic is located in Chatham County, south of Savannah, on State Route l\Jo. 25.
The old pavement was only 16 feet in width and was carrying several thousand vehicles a day on one of the main touri><t routes through Georgia under vpry hazardous and dangerous traffic conditions. This 16-foot pavement was widened to 22 feet and resurfaced, all under traffic, and brot~ght up to modern highway design prO\ iding greath increased traffic servrce.

A new 418-foot concrete bridge spans the Appa.lachee River and joins Walton and Oconee o '

Seventeenth Report, State Highway Board of Georgia

25

Bridge Department
The fiscal years ending June 30, 1937, and June 30, 1938, cover a period of greater than average activity in bridge design and construction.
The bridge design department has prepared for letting to contract a steady flow of bridge plans representing a large number of types and various lengths and widths of bridges. Attention has been given, in planning bridges on important highways near urban centers, to probable traffic intensity and pedestrian travel. This has resulted in the construction of a number of structures with roadway widths of 40 feet and with sidewalks.
Many Crossings Eliminated
A large number of bridges have been constructed for the purpose of eliminating highway and railway crossings at grade. Many of these structures are now in service at crossings which have exacted a large toll in human lives. Their construction is expected to play a large part in reduction of the death rate due to highway traffic accidents.
With the initiation of the program for the construction and betterment of rural pmt roads, it became necessary to construct bridges that would serve economicallv the traffic that might be expected to use these roads. For this purpose a creosoted timber type of bridge has been adopted, and those constructed and placed in use are satisfactorily serving the requirements of rural po~t road traffic.
Some Major Projects
Following are listed brief descriptions of a few major bridge projects placed under con<Otruction during the two year period ending June 30, 1938:
Project NRS 2690 Washington-Wilkinson Counties: This is the Ball's Ferry Bridge project. Ball's Ferry is at the crossing of State Route No. .57 and the Oconee River between Irwinton and Wrightsville. The structure across the river is 1680 feet long, and consists of 18 spans of 7.5 feet, 2 spans of 90 feet and one of 1.50 feet in length. All spans are of steel plate girder with concrete floor construction, supported on concrete piers. The 90 and 150 foot spans are those over the river channel, and are of cantilever type. Roadway width is 24 feet. Inasmuch as the Oconee River is termed navigable at this point, the height of this bridge is based upon vertical clearances required by the U. S. War Department, which has jurisdiction over all interstate and all navigable streams. In addition to this bridge, the project includes an overflow bridge 600 feet long, consisting of 30 spans of 20 feet of steel 1-beam and concrete floor construction on crcosoted pile bents. The contract price for this project is $291,150.40.
New Augusta Bridge
Project NRM 519 Richmond County: This project covers the reconstruction of the river spans of the Thirteenth Street Bridge over the Savannah River at Augusta. These spans were inadequate for the loads of present-day traffic, having been constructed about 40 years ago. Under

New highway safety for North Georgia automobile drivers. This concrete underpass, between Atlanta and M

State Route No. 3-E in Fult



Seventeenth Report, State Highway Board of Georgia

27

this project the old structure is llf'ing: replaced by a bridge 755 feet1 inch long, consisting of one single span 31 feet-8 inches long, one of 71 feet-5 inches and two continuous units each of 100-foot, 125-foot, 100-foot spans. The type of construction is steel plate girders with concrete floor, supported on concrete piers. Roadway width is 30 feet and one 6-foot sidewalk is provided. The roadway width and number of sidewalks were determined bv an approach of high type construction built by South Carolina in ] 931-2. The contract price for this project is $183,007.00.
Project FAP 2595 Sumter-Crisp Counties: linder this project was con-
structed a bridge across the Flint River on State Route No. :'W between
Americus and Cordele. This bridge replaced a toll ferry. The bridge is 2,160 feet long. the main river spans being steel 1-Lcam cantilever spans with concrete floor, supported on concrete piers. The long approaches consist of steel I-beam spans with concrete floor, supportPd on creosoted bents. The cost of this project is $168,094.07.
Savannah River Bridge
Project FAP 2681 Lincoln County: This project covers the construction of a bridge on State Route ~o. 70 across the Savannah Hiver between Lincolnton in Georgia and ~1cCorrnick in South Carolina. The bridge is of continuous plate girder design and its total length is 1,S04 feet. There are four continuous units of spans, 82 feet-1 ~':2 inches, 105 feet-4 ~lz
inches, 105 feet-4~12 inche,., 82 feet-] Y2 inches, supported on concrete
piers. This is a high level bridge, it~ height being such as to provide clearance for small craft above the level of the lake of the proposed Clark's Hill power development. The contract price for this project is $237,752.00.
Project FAP 2682 Screven County: In order to complete the structures in Georgia between the Savannah RivPr where, under South Carolina supervision, the Burton's Ferry Bridge project was under way, the Brit>r Cret>k bridges were let to contract. These bridges are ] .2BO fppt and 520 feel in length and arc steel I-beam spans with concrete floor, supported on treated timber pile bents. The contraL:t price of this project is $71,819.05.

Concr ete and structural steel overpass over Central of Georgia Railroad UL

Seventeenth Report, State Highway Board oj Georgia

29

Bridges Placed Under Construction July 1, 1936, to June 30, 1937

FEDERAL Am

Number of Projects _____ _____ _ _ Number of Bridges___ __ __ ___ _____

--1-9 _ 56

Total Length of Concrete Bridges-~5,452 ft.-1.03:3 1\liles

Total Cost of Concrete Bridges-B600,S61.00

Cost per Lin. Ft. of Concrete Bridges--SllO.L)

Total Length of Timber, !-Beam and Concrete Bridges- 6,83--1- ft.-1.29--1Miles

Total Cost of Timber, !-Beam and Concrete Bridges-S512,777.00

Cost per Lin. Ft. of Timber, 1-Beam and Concrete Bridges--S7S.03

STATE Am

l\umber of Projects ___ _ Number of Bridges________ _

- 2-l 49

Total Length of Concrete Bridge5--] .177 ft.-0.2ll0 Miles

Total Cost of Concrete Bridges-$119.005.00 Cost per Lin. Ft. of Concret~ Bridgf's~~:5i80..57

Total Length of Timber, I-Beam and Conc-rete Bridges~-9,325 ft.-1.766

Miles

Total Cost of Timher, 1-Beam and Concrete Bridges- -'3399,13-1.00

Cost per Lin. Ft. of Timber, 1-Beam and Concrete BridgPs-$-I-2.HO

Bridges Placed Under Construction July 1, 1937, to June 30, 1938

FEDERAL Am

Number of Projects ___

7--1-

Number of Bridges___

101

Total Length of Concrete Bridges-13,001 ft.-2.163 Miles

Total Cost of Concrete Bridges-$1 ,9B5,2ll2.00

Cost per Lin. Ft. of Concrete Bridges --8152.67

Total Length of Timber, !-Beam and ConcrPtc Bridges-7,260 ft.-1.375

Miles

Total Cost of Timber, I-Beam and Concrete Bridges-$37.5,670.00

Cost per Lin. Ft. of Timber, 1-Beam and Concrete Bridges~-$51./S

STATE AID

Number of Projects _________ _

57

Number of Bridges ___ _

80

Total LPngth of Concrete Bridges-~l,?.28 ft.-0.630 :Miles

Total Cost of Concrete Bridges-S::l38,827.00

Cost per Lin. Ft. of Concrete Bridges-$101.81

Total Length of Timber, 1-Beam and Concrete Bridgcs-9, l1 0 ft.-1.725

Miles

Total Cost of Timber, 1-Beam and Concrete Bridges-S--1-51,585.00

Cost per Lin. Ft. of Timber, I-Beam and Concrete Bridges-$--1-9.57

NoTE: This tabulation includes no Post Roads bridges, they being included in the report of the Post Roads Division. Designs for Post Roads bridges are prepared by the Bridge Department.

A gleamifl;.lf new O"!_~_rpass over the Southern_Railwav .. in_Hencrvll...I.C':oau,nnl.t!.,,___lb,.aou< ~~a~a~l.-..L...---"'---L"L-.JnD---~-~-------

Seventeenth Report, State Highway Board of Georgia

31

Bridges Reconstructed July 1, 1936, to June 30, 1937

FEDERAL Am

Number of Projects_______

-~

Number of Bridges____ __ _______________________ 8

Total Length of Bridges-1,112 ft.-0.211 1\Iiles

Total Cost of Bridges-$73,189.00

Cost per Lin. Ft. of BridgPs-$70.31

SnTE Am Number of Projects ____________ _ Number of Bridges________ _ Total Length of Bridges-194 ft.-0.0:)7 Miles Total Cost of Bridges-$] 1.932.00 Cost per Lin. Ft. of Bridges-$61.51

---- -- 2
-!

Bridges Reconstructed July 1, 1937, to June 30, 1938

FEDERAL AID

T\urnber of Projects ___________ _

ll

1\umber of Bridges_____ _

17

Total Lenp:th of Bridges-2,441 ft.-0.162 Miles

Total Cost of Bridges-$340,560.00

Cost per Lin. Ft. of Bridges-;$1:)9.52

STATE Am

Number of Projects___ _____ _ ____ _____ ____ 1

Number of Bridges__

____ ____

2

Total Length of Bridges-284 ft.-0.0:)4 Miles

Total Cost of Bridges-$13,41.5.00

Cost per Lin. Ft. of Bridges-$47.34

A grade crossing elimination project that aids the pedestrian as well as the motorist. Concrete an. __ _ in Conk Cmn

Seventeenth Report, State Highway Board of Georgia

33

Office Engineer's Department

This Department consists of the following personnel: Office Engineer, two Assistant Office Engineers, ten estimators and checkers, one stenographer and five typists.
The principal duties of the Department consist of handling all projects to completion after the Roadway Plans and Design DPpartment has completed plans. It also keeps a record of programs submitted to the Bureau of Public Roads covering projects involving Federal funds, and keeps a record of allotment accounts in the various Federal programs.

Estimates Prepared

After the plans on a Federal Project have been accepted hy the Bureau of Public Roads, the Office Engineer's Department prepares and submits to the Bureau estimates and sample pro]Josals; and, when authorization of advertising is received from the Bureau, prepares the notices to contractors advising the date bids will be opened, and listing the quantities of all items concernf'd in the eonstruction of each project. It also makes the necessary arrangements with the various local newspapers to carry these notices as legal advertising in two issues during tlw hro weeks prior to the date of opening bids. In this office all proposals are made up and issued to contractors for suhmission of their bids.
With the State Highway Board present, this Department opens the bids

at the hour sf't, and, after the ]Jroposals have been clwcked, makes com-

plete tabulations of the bids and submits blue prints of the tabulations

to the Bureau of Public Roads, requt'sting cmicUIT<Jlce in award or rejce-

tion in accordance with the decision of the State Highwav Board, for all

projects involving federal funds.

-

Documents Executed

When concurrence in award is recPived from the Bureau on federal

projects, or the Board awards contracts on state aid projects_ this office

prepares the contracts and bond, and handles the execution of these docu-

ments with the contractors and the State Highwav Board.

l\'o contracts are authorized for con~truction until all rights-of-way are secured, and this Department handles, through the Division l~nf!ineers,

the matter of obtaining all rights-of-\\ ay, and keeps a record of all deeds

and condemnations. Then construction is authorized hv this office, and

the executed copies of contracts arc distributed to the ,_-arious parties in-

terested.

Statements Checked

During the time the projects are under construction, this office checks all month! v statements on \rhich the contractors are paid, these month] v statements -being prepared by the Division Offices, and on completion o.f the construction the final statements are handled in the same manner.
During the entire construction of projects im olving federal funds, this office checks all transcripts of contractors' payroll<', as submitted by ihe Division Offices, and transmits the necessaq copies to the Bureau of Public Roads.
All vouchers on which funds are collected from the Federal Gmernrnent are prepared and forwarded to the Bureau by this department.

Th is one-time hazardous crossing holds no more [ea rs [or the vasswg motorist Concre te and stru c tural <~ea T a.wo nor

Seventeenth Report, State Highway Board oj Georgia

;)5

Record of Quantities
A complete record is kept bv this Department of quantities of all items entering into c:Jnstruction projects, ha~ed on the final otatenwnts. A complete record also is kept of the mileage bv types of all construction.
During the construction of all projects this office chech and handles for apprm~al all supplemental agreements, work orders, force account bills and extension agreements.
In addition to the ab(ne, this Department prepares all County Contracts, and handle the monthlv and final statements on which the counties are paid for work done on. the highwaY sy~tem.
Contracts Azcarded July 1, 1936- June 30, l9J7
Summary Sheet
FEDERAL I'IWJECTS

Number of Ll'tting>' __

Number of Bridges __

Length of Bridges ----------~------- ________ _

Grading and Selected 1\!aterial_ ________________ _

Grading-Graded Earth ~ _____________________ _

Bituminous Surfacing

--~ ______ _

Concrete Pavin~

Bituminous Filled Brick Pa,ing on Concrete BaoP

;.;umber of Graded Crossing Signals

Graded Total Length All Types of Work

Grand Total Cost All Type>' of Work ___ _

l4 61
2.022 \Iiles o5.6ll '\[i]e,; 20.003 \I iles l o0.8:i 1 \Tiles 70.182 \Tile"
0.763 \Tiles 4 :n9.432 \lib

$7,032,928.72

STATE AID PROJECTS (CO:\fTRACfOK'S \VOJ{KJ

Number of Bridges~- ____ ~---~ Length of Bridges ____________________ _

Grading and Selected \!ateriaL ________________ _

Grading-Graded Earth----------------~--

Bituminou' Surfacing _

~~ _____________ _

Concrete Pavino- _ ~-~~- ______ _

Grand Total Le"'ngth All Typeo of Work

Grand Total Cost All Type' of \\~ork __________ _

:39 1.347 \I iles
29.0 I0 \I iles (l.il70 \Tiles
292.628 ,\] i]ef'
l6UJ/5 1\Tiles 484.430 1\lib

--------~--------~~------- - - - - - - -

Work for Period from July 1, 1937 Through June 30, 1938

STATE PROJECTS -COl '.JTY WORK

~umber of Bridges_~~--- -~ __ _

Length of Bridges

Grading and Selected :\Iaterial

Grading-Graded Earth ___________ _

(:/paring and Grubbing Only _______ ~

Sand Clay or Pebble Soil BasP ________ _

Bitumjnou~ Re~urfacing

___________________ _

Roadway Culvert' (31

___ ~-------~ __

Grand Total Length All Types of Work ________ _

Grand Total Cost All Types of \York

.30 0..515 \Til eo
18:3.406 \I iles 28.1190 I\Iiles 38./:l/ J\lile,;
102.134 \Iile' 4.041 ~\Tilt's 0.004 \Tile>'
.357.98/ :\Iiles

------"-~'--=---"~=--------~

$2.999,4SS.94

Seventeenth Report, State Highway Board of Georgia

37

Summary Sheet Work for Period from July 1, 1936 Through June 30, 1937
STATE PROJECTS~COl;l'\TY WORK

Number of Bridge,; ____________________________ _ Length of Bridges__________ _______________ _
Grading and Selected '\Iaterial_ ___________ _ Grading~Graded Earth ________________________ _
Clearing and Grubhing Only ____ _ Sand Clay or Pebble Soil Base _______________ _ Bituminous Resurfacing _____________ _ Grand Total Length All Types of Work_ ________ _ Grand Total Cost All TYim; of Work_ ______ _

34 0.793 Miles
187.205 \Jiles 64.926 :\Jiles 31.123 '\Jiles 21.659 J\lib
2.026 !\Jiles 307.732 l\Jib

$2.64S.937.66

Summary Sheet

Contracts Au:ardcd July 1, 1937- June 30, 1938

-------

FEDERAL PROJECTS

!'\umber of Lettings___ ______________ _

Number of Bridges __ Length of Bridges _____ __

__________ _

Grading and Selected 1\latcrial_ __________ _

Grading~Craded Earth __________ _

Bituminous Surfacing _________ _______ _

Concntt-" Paving__________ _________ _

Asphalt Concrete Bao;e \Vearing Course on

Bituminous Bound Base ________ _

Crw;hed Stone Base Sand Clay Bound ___________ _

Artificial 1\lix Bound l\Iacadam Base ___________ _

Number of Grade Crossing Signals _______ _

Grand Total Length All Types of \York

Grand Total Coo-t All Types of \Vork __________ _

20 86
3.467 !\Jiles 82.493 1\Jiles 14.417 '\Iiles 316.376 \Jiles 77.617 :\Jiles
8..1-H '\Iiles 9.S6l J\JiJe,, 7.908 !\Iiles 3 520.180 :\lih

$12.608.685.31

STATE AlD PROJECTS (CONTRACTOR'S \VORK)

---~~--~-------------

Number of Bridges __________________________ _ Length of Bridges _______________________ _
Grading and Selected '\lateriaL ___ _ Grading--Graded Earth _________________ _ Bituminous Surfacin~ ___________________ _
Concrete Paving ______________________________ _
Crushed Stone Base Course, Sand Clay Bound ___ _ Grand Total Length All Types of Work ________ _ Grand Total Cost All Types of Work __________ _

38 1.610 :\lilcs
S9.500 '\lileo 14.698 1\liles 166.504 !\Iiles
0.011 '\Iiles 8.502 1\lile,; 250.825 :\Iiles

$3,215.091.56

BEFORE-Roadside Improvement on Stone Mountain Highway
This is a section of State Route No . 10, between Atlanta and Stone Mountain, before roadside improvement work was started by the State Highway Departm ent. Note eroded, unsightly banks on both sides of road, short sight distan ce on curve.

.... . ..:: , .."- .:
AFTER-Roadside Improvement on Stone Mountain Highway
This is a section of the same route, between Atlanta and Stone Mountain, during improvement work. The rounded slopes on both sides of the road have since been sodded. Note vastly improved sight distance on cnrve.

One of the twelve Automatic Traffic Recorders put into service this year by the Division of Highway Planning. This one.

---.l.nfll.erLn1. R Ptl.. Onlr on lion A tl ant 1\l

ll ' I



'

Seventeenth Report, State Highway Board of Georgia

41

Division of Highway Planning
The Divi~ion of Highway Planning, which is conducting an exhaustive survey of highway and traffic conditions in Georgia, in cooperation with the United States Bureau of Public Roads, was organized in this State on June 1, 1937, and officially launched its activities on August 25 of the same year.
Funds for the Survey, approximately 80 per cent of which are being supplied by the Federal Government, haYe been made available by the following legislation:
(1) 1935 Public Works Funds (under the Ha) den-Cartwright Road Act, Section 1).
(2) 1936 Federal Aid (under the Hayden-Cartwright Act, Section 1).
(3) Emergency Relief Appropriation of 19:-15, (a) Works Program Highways (bl Works Program Grade Crossings
(J) 1937 Federal Aid (under the Hayden-Cartwright Act, Section 4, passed in July, 1934).
This legislation provides for the expenditure of one and one-half per cent of the funds for the purpose of conducting Highway Planning Surveys in the various states. Importance of the work is indicated by the fact that all but two states in the Union are cooperating in the movement.
The work of the Division of Highway Planning, which is well advanced in all its phases, is divided into three major branches: Road Inventory, Traffic and Finance.
Road Inventory
Work of the Road Inventory phase consists of a detailed survey, by counties, of every road and bridge in the State and of all homes and other types of buildings and of all gathering places that are sources of traffic. It concerns as well the inventory of all grade crossings, both in rural and urban areas, and in sufficient detail to make possible the formulation of a long-time elimination program that will be based on traffic volume and hazards to traffic.
As a result of the road inventory, which to date has been completed in 105 counties, comprising a total of approximately 67,000 road miles, county maps are in preparation that will for the first time present a uniform picture of the Georgia highway situation. The maps will indicate all public highways, all rural culture, road types and administrative classifications, and will include traffic use by symbols. All corporate limits will be shown, as well as all parks, recreation centers, governmental reservations and game refuges. The county maps will be followed by preparation of a state map which will indicate the types of surfacing used on all

. -w. ~ --.
. ;I
~ ~ r
Varied actway in the Division of Highway Plannin g. At the top is shown an Automatic Traffic Recorder in operation near Perry. The two small pictures at the left show trnck-weighing opera/.ions at Loado meter stations, while at the right a traffic officer is seen handing an Origin-Destination questionnaire card to a passing motorist.

Seventeenth Report, State Highway Board of Georgia

43

main roads, the volume of traffic bv the customary flow diagrams, and the use of the highways by common .carriPrs and b~sses.

Traffic
A study of traffic is one of the vital nPcessities in anv SurYt>y looking to the intelligent planning of the highways of the future. The objt>ctivt>s of the traffic survey of the Division of Highway Planning are to obtain a reliable estimate of the amount of traffic on each mile of highway and road in the State. This involves the determination of numbers, weight, and commodities carried, as well as classification of the use of all vehicles and their origin and destination.
In September, 1937, 5:1 "loadometer" weight stations were established throughout the State, and their first year's \H)fk now has been completed, with 65,221 trucks and busses weighed, well above the quota of 60,000 set at the beginning of the 12-month period. This phase of the work, although it involved stopping thousands of trucks and busses in all parts of the State and questioning their driwrs, was carried through with complete harmony between vehicle operators and the field forces of the Division.
Another phase of the traffic survey, known as the Blanket Count, now is being conducted at 14,000 intersections on all classes of roads in the State, and the work has been completed in approximately 35 counties. This survev calls for a careful census of traffic from 8 a. m. to 4 p. m. each day for one year, and also gathers data as to a vehicle's place of ownership, the origin and destination of the trip and the purpose of the journey.
Automatic Recorders
Twelve Automatic Traffic Recorders have been placed into operation, seven of them on main highways and five on unpaved ""farm-to-market" roads, and to date have registered more than :~,000,000 pa~senger cars, trucks and busses. The "electric eye" is an automatic counter which records passing vehicles by means of two parallel beams of light which are directed across the roadway onto a photo-electric cell. When an automobile or a truck cuts across both light rays, a record is made on a time chart similar in appearance to an adding-machine tape, and as many as 400 interceptions of the rays per minute may be registered.
Automatic Recorder records, obtained continuously for a period of years, will provide an economical basis for studying fluctuations in traffic at strategic points.
Pit Scale Stations
Still another phase of the traffic surveys, establishment of pit-scale stations at four strategic points in the State, is expected to be launched early in 1939. Equipment at each of the stations will consist of a paved ramp leading to a three-foot by ten-foot concrete pit in "hich the axle load scales will be placed, and a "scale house" which will contain the dial registering the weight of the vehicle. The scale house will be located

This pictztresque road winds through Wilkinson County, connecting Gordon and Stale Route No . 57. Twenty feet wide, it

is bnilt of top soil base stabilized with doublp wrla aa lropl

(Q



WDCD OCQQ I

Seventeenth Report, State Highway Board oj Georgia

45

just off the highway and will be connected with the pavement bv a surfaced driveway.
Data to be gathered at the pit-~cale Elations include axle weights, length, height and manufacturer's rated capacity of vehicle, the tire sizes, wheel base and commodity carried. The information will be useful in ascer taining just what loading practices are used by operators, and how many, and where, vehicle dimensions are not in accord with legal requirements or the vehicle's licensed capacity.
Financial Surveys
The third major branch of the Division of Highway Planning, the financial surveys, is determining, through a painEtaking study of the re ceipts and expenditures of the various units of government within the State, whether the present sources of income are sufficient to maintain properly Georgia's present system of highways and to build new highways in keeping with increasing traffic demands.
The financial survey~, whose accountants are visiting every county, municipality and school district in the State, also will ascertain the registration fees and fuel taxes paid by each type of motor vehicle owner and what proportion of these are paid by urban and rural residents; the annual roadway costs for the various types of surfaces and the average life of each type. The five field accountants of the Division have completed their work in approximately 80 counties of the State.

Another view along State Route No. 10, between Atlanta and Stone Mountain, during the course of development work on

I 1

,

, 1

I

Seventeenth Report, State Highway Board of Georgia

47

Roadway Plans and Design Department

During the fiscal years ending June 30, 1937, and June 30, 1938, due to the unprecedented program for which plans had not been completed, on regular Federal Aid projects, National Recovery projects, Works Program Grade Crossing projects, Works Program Highway projects, Post Roads projects and Federal Aid Grade Crossing projects, it was necessary to increase the Roadway Plans and Design Department materially and rapidly, and to buy additional equipment. It not only was necessary to prepare plans for the large back and current Federal programs, but also for construction of State projects with State funds.
The Roadway Plans and Design Department is under the direct supervision of the Engineer of Plans. He has three assistants, a secretary, eighty-five draftsmen, a blue print operator and blue print assistant under his supervision. The personnel is divided into 14 or 15 groups of from four to six men each, under a draftsman who is Group Leader and who directs and is responsible for the work in his group.

Entered New Building
During the period from March, 1937, to June, 1938, due to lack of space in the general office, a temporary Drafting Department was equipped in the old offices of the Highway Department at East Point. After the completion of the addition to the general offices, this equipment and personnel were moved into the general offices.
During the fiscal year ending June :30, 1937, plans were completed on the Primary State System of Roads for 984. miles of road in 118 counties,
and plans partially completed for :n miles of road in 1.') counties.

1,129 Miles in 126 Counties
During the fiscal year ending June :10, 19:38, plans were completed on the Primary State System of Roads for 1,129 miles of road in 126 counties, and plans partially completed for 207 miles of road in 51 counties.
During the fiscal year ending June 30, ] 938, plans were completed on the Secondary System of Post Roads for 287 miles of road in 99 counties, and plans partially completed for 60 miles of road in 27 counties.
The following tabulation shows the total mileage of surveys forwarded to the general office and total mileage for completed and partially completed plans during these fiscal years:

TAIHlLATIO\f OF TOTAL i\IILEAGE

- - - - - - - - - -------====~=,=====i-=-=--=----=========

Partially

SurVfys

I Completed Cornplet~J Pl an,o; _ _P_:aI _:n_s_

] uly 1, 1936. to ] une 30. 1937

S31

984

37

July l. 1937, to June 30.1938 ________ _

2074

1416

267

I
-----~-5--~--2:0-o--~--.-'30_4_

ToTAL --2 YEARS

Concrete paving in Bibb County. This is a. section of State Ronte No . 19 between Macon arul Forsyth. Width of pavement
22 feel (Project E 4P 46 Reon I

Seventeenth Report, State Highway Board of Georgia

49

Surveys
During the fiscal years ending July 1, 1937, and June 30, 1938, all road location and bridge surveys on the Primary State SyEtem of Roads were made under the supervision of the Division Engineers and the Chief Locating Engineer. The number of survey parties varied during this period, but in general two parties were assigned to each Division.
Each locating party, consisting of about seven men, is under the direct supervision of the Locating Engineer, who is re~ponsihle to the Division Engineer and the Chief Locating Engineer.
When a survey is completed it is reviewed by the Division Engineer and the Chief Locating Engineer, and approved by the County Commis sioners before the deeds for rightof.way are released. Upon approval of a survey the field data are sent to the Engineer of Plans for the purpose of working up an estimate.
During the period of July 1, 1936, to June 30, 1937, surveys on Primary State System of Roads for 531 miles of roads and bridges in 74 counties were completed and data forwarded to the Engineer of Plans.
During the period of July 1, 1937, to June 30, 1938, surveys on Primary State System of Roads for 1,316 miles of roads and bridges in 118 coun ties were completed and data forwarded to the Engineer of Plans.
All road location and bridge surveys on the Secondary System of State Roads are made under the direct supervision of the field engineers of the Post Roads Division.

Workers of the State Forces Department shown busy on secondary roads in South Georgia. At top, stump-pulling near Pearson; below, two con struction scenes on the Nahunta-Jesup road.

Seventeenth Report, State Highway Board of Georgia

51

Department of State Forces
During the period covered by this report, this Department has been very active in the construction of roads on the State's secondary road system. The construction carried on by this Department consists of clearing and grubbing of rights-of-way, grading, building concrete culverts and bridges, and placing base materials suitable for paving construction. This work is done under the supervision of the Engineering Department and is of the same standard of construction as all other road work which is let to contract.
There are five large Public Works Camps located in various sections of the State, and each of these camps has from 100 to 150 prisoners. These camps are modern in every respect, their facilities including a hospital ward where prisoners are kept when they are on the sick list.
Formation of these Public Works Camps in the State resulted from the fact that a large number of counties have discontinued prison labor because the State Highway Department has taken over and has added to the State Highway System many roads formerly maintained by the counties.
Detailed work of the Department is revealed in the accompanying tabulations.

Divi~ion

Division of State Forces June 30, 1936 Through June 30, 1938

Location

IMileage Con>'tr.l Bridges Constr.

l

Rome --------------~---------- --

29.13

2

Gainesville ____________ _

None

3

Augusta _------------ ___________ _

21.556

4

~lacon

__________

_______ _

5.50

5

Columbus ______

________ _

16.50

6

Savannah _______________________ _

30.029

7

Fitzgerald _______________________

74.468

.183 None None None
.077 .119 .032

------'-------------------------------

ToTAL _________ _

-I

177.48.)

.411

A section of roadway in Southeast Georgia showing neat ditch slopes. This s uz Liberty County. on State Route No 67

~.

n



Seventeenth Report, State Highway Board of Georgia

53

DIVISION OF STATE FORCES
FIRST DIVISION Af/LEAGE COMPLETED--GRADED AND TOPPED WITH
SELECTED MATERIAL

Pr:mon: July 1, 1936. to June .30. 193/

Constr. Complekd

1.53 1.90

Total :\lilea~e Constructed

3A3

Project

Pmwn: July l. 1937. to June 30. 1938 ------------------------

County

Constr. Completed

C-1052-D Pt. L _____ _ C-1052-D C-1052-L C-1052-D C-1052-D C-1649-B C-1052-C Reop. -------------------C-1052-C: Pt. ]_ ______ ----------------

Pauldin~ __ Paulding ________ _
Bartow ______ -----Dallas St. ________ _ Yilla Rica St._ _____ _ Paulding __________ _
Paulding Paulding ________ _

Total Mileage Constructed

------ --- --- I

5 43 5.94 0.24 0.2S 0.25 2.50 10.62 0.75
26.00

DIVISION OF STATE FORCES
THIRD DIVISION
MILEAGE COMPLETED-GRATJED ANTJ TOPPED Tf7ITH SELECTED MATERIAL

PEiuon: July 1, 1936. to June 30, 1938
--------------------------

Projec:t

County

Constr. ComplPied

C-1S78-A C-1578-B C-1578-C C-1578-D

Jenkins Burke Burke Jefferson _____ _

10.787 5.253 4.593 0.923

Total Mileage Constructed _______________ ---------------\

21.556

Improved paved highway to J;uge~ary reservation, Fort Benning, near Columb u s Con c ret o nmina a .. I

Seventeenth Report, State Highway Board of Georgia

55

DIVISION OF STATE FORCES
FOORTH DIVISION MILEAGE COMnETED--GRADED AND TOPPED WITH
SELECTED MATERIAL

PERIOD: July 1, 1936. to June 30, 1937

Project C-1116 ------- -- ------------- -

Ccunty

I Constr. Completed

-------

-I .\Ionroe __________ .

5.50

Total Mileage Constructed __________ ----------------~~

5.50

No work during 1937.
DIVISION OF STATE FORCES
FIFTH DIVISION MILEAGE COMPLETED--GRADED AN/J TOPPED WITH
SELECTED MATERIAL

PERIOD: July 1, 1936, to June 30. 1937

Project

County

Conotr. Completed

C-1517 _______ _____________________ Calhoun _____ _ C-1569-A __________________________ !Ieard ________ _
-----1 Total l\lileage Constructed_________________________

8.00 8.50
16.50

56

Seventeenth Report, State Highway Board oi Georgia

DIVISION OF STATE FORCES
SIXTH DIVISION
MILEAGE COMPLETED--GRADED AND TOPPED WITH SELECTED MATERIAL
~--~=~~====================================~==
PEmon: July L 1936, to June 30, 1937

Project

County

Constr. Completed

C-353-AB ___ _ C-1561-B __ _ C-1589

:\Iontgomery Treutlen _______ _
Treutlen _________ _

9.035 1.348 2.012

Total :\Iileage Constructed ____________________________ _

12.395

PERIOD: July L 19:>7, to June :JO, 1938

Project

County

Constr. Completed

C-1069-B Pl 2 _____________________ _
C-166,3-B C-1663-C Pt. 2_____________________ _
C-1663-C C-1069-A Pl Ct. L ______________ _ C-1069-A Pt. 1 Ct. 2 _______________ _ C-1069-A Pl 1 Ct. 3_______________ _

Brantley __________ _ Emanuel __________ _ Emanuel ___________ _
Treutlen ---- _______ _ Wayne ____________ _ Wayne ____________ _ Wayne _____________ _

5.365 2.108 5.200 7.841 0.539 0.599 1.182

Total Mileage Constructed ___ ---_

-------- ------ 1===1=7.=63=4==

Seventeenth Report, State Highway Board of Georgia

57

DIVISION OF STATE FORCES
SEVENTH DIVISION MILEAGE COMPLETED-- GRADED AND TOPPED TriTH
SELECTED MATERIAL

PERIOD: July L 1936. to June 30. 1937

Project

j ____(_:<_m_nt y_____

-----------------------------

C-1652-A _______________ _ C-905-A _______________________ _
C-10R7-B C-lOR2-C __ ________ ________ _ C-1082-A Pt. 3. Ct. 2 & 4 _____ _ __

Wheeler __ _ _____ _
AtkinFon Atkinson __ _ Atkinf'on _________ _ Coffep ____ _

Constr. Completed
1.089 2.294 7.281 7.281 2.899

-~- ----- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ' - - - - - -

Total _\liiPai-(e ConHructed

20.844

PERron: July l. 19.37. to June 30. 19:-ls

Project

County

Constr. Completed

(~905-B ____________ _ C-905-A Pt. 2 ___________ _ C-1126-B Ct. 5 _________________ _ C-1029-B ____________________ _ C-1069-A & B__________________ _
C-1029-A C-1053-A Ct. 3 __ _ C-1053-A Ct. 4 ___________ _

Clinch Atkinson Lanier Clinch Lanier-Echub Lanier Lanier Lanier

-----==---- _------ Total :\Iileage Constructed ____

I

11.9.3(i S.44<J 7.2S6 10.959 5.915 3.820 2.Sl8 5.771
S.'l.624

S m ooth goin g for South Georgia motorists:._Ligj_zt surlace treatment on si-incb lim n oc L- /, aea l.a

r .z r

01

---

ro

-

--

Seventeenth Report, State Highway Board of Georgia

59

DIVISION OF STATE FORCES
FIRST DIVISION BRIDGES COMPLETED
PERIOD: July l. t9:n to June 30. 1938

Project
C-1052-B C-1052-D C-1619-B C-1649-A

County

Bridge

Typt>

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _Length _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

Douglas Pauldincr
Pauldin~ _ l'auldin~

.038

10-20' Cone. Decks

.055

289' Cone. Decks

.052

276' Cone. Decks

.018

210' Cone. Decks

Total Length Completed __ _

.183

---=======-='---=-=-=-=-=-===='=-==-==-=c-=====

DIVISION OF STATE FORCES
FIFTH DlVISIO~ BRIDGES COMPLETED

l'EHIOIJ: July l. 1937 to June 30, 1938

Project

County

Bridge

Type

- - - - - - - - - - I - - - - - - - - I LFn~_h_1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

C-1511-A

Calhoun

.005

C-1569-A Pt. !_ _______ _ Heard ________ _ 102'

C-1569-A Pt. 1 _______ _ Heard ______ __ 102'

C-1569-A Pt. L ______ _ Heard

160'

C-1569-A Pt. 2 _______ _ Heard

.077

Trip. 9x4x40 3 Cone. Deck Spans 3 Cone. Deck .Spans 3 1-Beam Spans
Db!. Db!. l0x6x36

- - - ~- -~=- ~='-===.o=r=,=-~ Total L=en=b='t_h_c=o=m=p=l=et=e=dJc--=-----=---_-_-

_=-_=_-=_

=-=-=-------=-========--=---=

Seventeenth Report, State Highway Board of Georgia

61

DIVISION OF STATE FORCES
SIXTH DIVISION BRIDGES COMPLETED

PEHIOD: July 1, 1936, to June 30, 1937
~~~~~-~------~~~~~~

Project

County

LBenr:i;d:~eh

Type

~~~~~~~~- -~~~~-----1-~-'-'-~--~~~~~-~-

C-1561-B C-1561-B

Treutlen ___ _ _____ 130' Treutlen ________ 2-104'

Concrete Deck Concrete Deck

- - - - - - - - --~-- -~~~~~~~~-

Total Length Completed

338'

Pr.nwn: July L 1937 to June 30, 1938

--~---

--------;-~~~~~~----;-~~~~--;-~~~~-~~--~

Project

County

Bridge

Type

~~~-- ----~- ----~-~~~- __ Length ~~~--~~~~-

C-1663-C

Treutlen ________ _

(l) Trip. 1Oxl0x34

C-1663-C __

Trcutlen _______ _

1 (2) Trip. 9x8x39

CJ66:H:

Treutlen ________ _

(3) 26--20' 1-Beams

C-166::3-C

Treutlen ________ _

I (4) DbI. Dhl. 10x6x 18

--~~~-~~--- --~~------ --~--~~~-

--~ ~1:__[ Total Length Completed _____________ _

==-===-== - - -

A grading and drainage project on State Route No. 103, in J!arris County, between Columbns and West Point. Width o
_ _ rnrr_rl . u,_..tt.,___2.9 / ... ....

Seventeenth Report, State Highway Board of Georgia

63

DIVISION OF STATE FORCES
SEVENTH D!VblON BRIDGES COMPLETED

PERIOD: July 1, 1936, to June 30. 1937

Project

County

Bridge Length

Typt>

C-1087-B ____________ _ C-1087-B C-1087-B C-1082-C ____________ _
C-1082-C C-1082-A Pt. 3, Ct. 2 & 4

Atkinson Atkinson __ Atkinson Atkinson Atkinson _
Coffee

.004

Trip. 7x4

.004

Trip. 7x4

.005

Trip. 8x4

.008

Db!. Dbl.10x5

.006

Trip. l0x6

.151

47-11' Timbf'r Panel'

------------------------------------:----------:------------------

Total Completed

.178

P~<:RIO!l: July l. 1937 to June 30. 1938

Project

County

Bridge Length

C-90.5-A Pt. 2 __ _

Atkinson

.006

C-905-A Pt. 2 _

Atkinson

.006

C-90S-A Pt. 2 ______ _ Atkinson

.006

C-1126-B Ct. 5 ____ ___ Lanier

.006

C-1029-B _________ _ Clinch ____ ____ .003

C-1029-B __________ _ Clinch _

.005

Type
Trip. 10xS Trip. !Ox5 Trip. 10x5 Db!. DhL 7x4 8-20' 1-Beams Trip. 9xS

Total Bridgeo; Completed

.032

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

-------------, -------

Work of the Maintenance Department on U.S. Route No. 41 between Adel and T i ft on Oqyhle.seql " iuz er"dsihd sesbz''

Seventeenth Report, State Hip;h1ray Board of Georgia

65

Maintenance Department

The Maintenance Department, as it now functions, was organized in February, 1937, under the supervision of the Assistant State Highway Engineer in Charge of Maintenance. For seYeral vears prior to that time maintenance work was handled hy the Division Enginef'rs, working under the State Highway Engineer.
As this department now functions, the Assistant State Highway Engineer in charge of Maintenance and his assistant in the general office supervise the maintenance work now carried on throughout the entire State bv the divisions and by special outfits, as well as the maintenance of equipment by the shops.
Work in Divisions
The regular maintenance work handled by the divisions is under the general supervision of the Division Engineer. An Assistant Division Engineer in charge of Maintenance has direct supen,ision of the Yarious patrol sections and division special outfits.
Prior to January, 1938, the three major asphalt outfits operating in the State at large worked through the division offices, but since that date they have been placed under the direct supervision of the Assistant State Highway Engineer in charge of Maintenance.
The function of a Maintenance Department is to care for the highways in such a way as to provide a safe, comfortable and convenient mode of travel and at the same time to protect the original investment in such a manner as to realize the greatest possible return.
The primary purpose of highway maintenance is to provide the travel ing public with roads that can be traveled under all weather conditions.
The State is divided into seven divisions in each of which one Assistant Division Engineer, working under thf' Division Engineer, is placed in charge of all maintenance work. This 11ork is carried on in sections, each section maintaining from 60 to 100 miles of roads. Only free labor, employed by the month, is used on maintenance work.

Special Outfits

There also are several special outfits which are equipped for recon struction and reseal work. These outfits are kept busy during the summer months repairing and retopping asphalt roads, and during the winter months reconstructing roads on which the base has disintegrated or placing new base materials on roads which have been graded by contract or by the State Forces Department.

The routine maintenance work carried on by the maintenance sections

consists of pouring cracks, patching the surface of different tvpes of

pavements, side ditching to improve roadside drainage, caring for should-

ers, culverts and bridges, and mowing and clearing the rights-of-way of

grass, weeds, and refuse.

During the year ] 937 the Maintenance Department put down 6,000

miles of road center lines and the Maintenance Sign Departments re-

worked all roadside signs.

,

66

Seventeenth Report, State Highway Board of Georgia

Division

Maintenance Department

Location

Patrol Repair Sections Shop'

Sign

-
Special Outfits Asphalt Bridge Better
ment

1

Rome ---------

23

l

1

1

1

1

2

Gainesville - -- 2I

1

1

--

1

l

3

Augusta -------

17

1

1

--

I

--

4

:\facon --------

26

1

1

I

1

--

5

Columbus ---- 31

I

I

1

1

-~

6

Savannah ---- 19

I

l

--

1

1

7

Fitzgerald ---- 29

1

l

1

1

1

TOTAL

166

7

7

4

7

4

I I

FIRST DIVISION June 30, 1936, to July 1, 1937
MILEAGE MAINTAINED AND TYPE

County

SoiL Unimproved Gravel,
Macadam

Paving Structures

Total

Bartow . ----------------

Carroll ----------------

Catoosa -

~~

---------------

Cherokee -

------------

Cobb ------------------

Dade -------------------

DeKalb --- ----

--------

Douglas ----------------

Fannin -----------------

Floyd ---- -------------

Fulton --- -------------

Gilmer ----------------

Gordon -----------------

Haralson ---------------

.'\T urray - - - --- ------ - - -

Paulding - - -----------

Pickens ---- ----------

Polk ------------------

Walker -- ---- ----- ----

Whitfield --------------

2L037 17,677
26.968 41.323
5.734 13.978 18.579 9.370 20.922 22.519 17.932
Il.53S 64.269 13.000 15.948 I8.522
.029

15,293 24.969
1.607 5.498 7.593
2.872 14.822 26.450
12.484 27.572
9.I01 14.937 3.775
21.876 25.598 8.175

4L738 37.545 15.852 27.519 46.456 16.459 46.336 18.072 23.658 52.317 79.908 23.596 21.918 26.122 21.222
3.068 41.368 19.614 23.262 39.018

,096

78,164

.271

80.462

.067

15.919

.396

56.490

.351

93.628

.048

24.100

.136

52.206

34.922

.073

57.132

.230

88.367

.319 l0l.l49

.267

58.866

.365

67.787

.097

:35.320

.370 48.064

.065

7l.l77

.309

54.677

.058

S7.496

.030

67.412

.395

47.617

ToTAL _____ -

339..342

222.622 625.()48

3.943 1190.955

Seventeenth Report, State Highway Board of Georgia

67

FIRST DIVISION June 30, 1937, to July 1, 1938
MILEAGE MAINTAINED AND TYPE

County

Unimproved GSroaivLeL I Paving Structures
.\lacadam

Total

Bartow ----------------

Carroll ----------------

Catoosa ---------------

Chattooga -------------

Cherokee ----------------

Cobb ------------------

Dade ------------------

DeKalb ---------------

Douglas ----------- -----

Fannin ~ - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Floyd ------- ---------

Fulton ---------------- -

Gilmer ----------------

Gordon -----------------

Haralson ---------------

.\I urray ----------------

Paulding ---------------

Pickens ---------------

Polk ~~

--------------

Walker ------- ---------

Whitfield ------------ ~

35.618 13.119 4.710 13.250 16.905 32.012 36.700 18.038 8.260 18.579 11.928 54.384 22.519 10.920 11.024 11.535 64.433 13.000 15.952 24.172
.029

S.247 25.160
1:0.758 .3.062 10.125 7.593
8.486 14.822 23.868
12.481 23.963
9.075 .387 9.476
16.700 25.598
8.175

51.784 41.879 16.252 19.061 36.109 51.092 16.459 'H.578 18.072 23.658 C>2.317 80.285 23.596 32.516 26.122 35.798 13.379 41.368 24.763 23.262 39.018

.ll5

92.764

.304

80.462

.067

21.029

.202

46.271

.414

56.490

.399

93.628

.048

60.800

.220

65.836

.104

34.922

.073

57.132

.254

88.367

.455 1:05.124

.267

58.866

.388

67.787

.149 46.:no

.344

48.064

.ll9

87.407

.309

54.677

.081

S7.496

.030

73.062

.39S

47.617

TOTAL_.-~~-~~-~~-~~

437.087

217.979 417.368
~~~-

4.737 1374.171
-~~-

otl

Seventeenth Report, State Hir;hu;ay Board of Georgia

SECOND DIVISION June 30, 1936, to July 1, 1937

MILEAGE lVIAJNTAINED AND TYPE

==-----=--'-------'---~---'=----=-c_----=---==----==-=-- s,,~r~- -~--==----=-==---=--- -~==-~---=

County

l nimpn1\ed G,a,eL Pa\ing Stlllctun'' Total

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - \lacadam - - - - - - - - - - -

Bank' -

Barrow

- --- --

Clarke --

- ---------

Dawson ------ -- -------

Elbert

Fon;yth --- ------ --- --

Franklin
Cwinn~tt

--- ------- --- ------ ---

Halwr,;ham --- -- -- --

Ifall

-- ---- -------- --- -

llart

-- --- --- ---

Jackson -

------ -- -

Lumpkin - -- ----- --

.\[ adison

--- ----------

OconeP ----------- ------

Rabun

--- ------------

StPphens ---- -- -- -

Towns --- --- ---- ----{Inion -- ----------- ----

Walton - --- ------------

White -----------------

:-n.l/6 12.857
S.100 .33.869 28.904 15.790 33.254 33.253 19.517 19.610 27.725 36.722 20.650 :-l6.700 26.599 29.18.5
26.959 12.4.3.3 21.465 36.627

11.785 6.207
12.23S 23.266
21.612 25.129
.483 15.543 10..305 21.99:3 14.200
1.986 5.409 6.4.32 16.040
.051 11.507 25.087

8.M3 21.6S1 :30.818 19.988 22.539 21.668 15.084 49.430
~l.H8
5-1.8(JCi 20.150 :32.518 32.121 3/.595 17.169 22.672 14.4.)9 11.309 31.660 27.339 16.362

.146

54./SO

.097

1:3.812

.103

.36.021

.150

66.2-12

.371

/5.080

.030

:3/.488

.113

70.12.3

.068 107.880

.058

61.206

.413

90.1.3 t

.067

58.247

.131

91.:364

.078

67.019

.224

76.50S

.089

49.266

.229

58518

.10.3

30.602

.Oll

38 ..330

.091

55.691

.O:-l9

7.3.9:l0

.138

5:-l.127

TOTAL _____________ _ 508.39.5

232.270 552.188

2.809 1-1295.662

- - - - - - - - - - - - =========='.=====--==~===--

Seventeenth Report, State Highway Board of Georgia

69

SECOI'iD DIVISION June 30, 1937, to July l, 1938
MILEAGE MAINTAINED AND TYPE

County

Unimproved GSroaivLel. I Paving Structures
'.lac adam

Total

Banks ----Barrow Clarke

----------
-- ~ --------

Dawson

---------------

Ellwrt ----

----------

For>'yth -----

Franklin ----------------

Gwinnett - -------------

II alwn;ham - ~-

Hall ------------------

Hart

------------

Jack,on - -----

Lumpkin --------

1\Tadi"m --

Oconee ----------

Rabun

---------------

Stephens

Towns -----------------

[Inion -----------------

alton \V

----------------

White ---- ---

31.176 11.262
2.994 33.869 27.626 l1.55:l 32.913 36.903 16.031 l.3.5S4 23.182 35.477 20.650 27.742 26.137 29.005
24.538 11.500 21.465 27.078

14.752 1.473 2.106
.120 19.634 7.867 21.612 7.409 11.266 18.455 10 ..305 13.636 5.9S4 10.944 5.792 6A32 8.188
2.472
19.560 14.109

B.6B 27.934 30.793 :"12.064 27.419 21.668 15.425 69.224 41.118 51.150 24.659 42.120 40.340 37.595 17.180 22.612 :22.303 11.309 42.972 32.826 16.362

.179

54.750

.14.3

43.812

.128

i\6.021

.189

66.212

.371

75.080

.030

44.118

.173

70.123

.119 113.655

.058

68.S06

.413

89.!172

.101

58.247

. 1:31

91.361

.105

67.049

.224

76.505

.157

49.266

.248

58.357

.Ill

:>0.602

.011

38.330

.094

54.566

.079

73.930

.178

.57.727

ToTAL_

467.658

205.086 6El36

3.242 1.')18.122

70

Seventeenth Report, State Highway Board of Georgia

County

THIRD DIVISION June 30, 1936, to July l, 1937

MILEAGE MAINTAINED AND TYPE

I Soil,
Unimproved GraveL Paving Macadam

I Structures

Total

Burke ----------------Columbia -------------Glascock ------- -----Greene ----------------Hancock -------------Jefferson --- ---------Jenkins ---------------Johnson ---------------Lincoln ----------------
"IcDuffie --------------Oglethorpe -----------Richmond -------------Taliaferro -------------Vi arren ---------------Washington ------------Wilkes ----------------

11.576 10.114 27.458 16.249 36.257 44.873 10.456 .55.712 24.407
7.850 3.5.559
2.709 22.000 16,628 56.278
------

9.737 28.811
2.804 3l.ll5 24.900 1.3.831 22.022
5.620 18.258 8.246 :l.241
2.949
------
20.3.53
------
32.114

70.605 13.215
.492 10.997 13.502 4.5.464 22.802 14.984 .5.486 30.071 18.429 62.458 12.286
7.893 34.749 27.888

.463 .372 .121 .447 .020 .380 .798 .431 .149 .180 .112 .864
------
.176 .064 .1.50

92.381 .52.512 30.87.5 58.808 74.679 104..548 56.078 76.747 48.300 46.347 .57.341 68.980 34.286 45.050 91.091 60.152

ToTAL ______________ 378.326

224.001 391.321

4.727 998.17.5

Seventeenth Report, State Highway Board of Georgia

7l

THIRD DIVISION June 30, 1937, to July 1, 1938
MILEAGE MAINTAINED AND TYPE

County

Soil. Unimproved Gravel,
.\Iacadam

I Paving Structures

Total

Burke ----------------Columbia - ------------Glascock -------------Greene ---------------Hancock -------------Jefferson -------------Jenkins ----------------Johnson --------------Lincoln -------- --- ---McDuffie -------------Oglethorpe -----------Richmond ------------Taliaferro -------------Warren ---------------Washington -----------Wilkes ----------------

21.637 7.368
25.990 22.423 35.731 52.306
4.933 54.424 24.407 11.242 35.551 5.373 33.100 14.842 53.663
------

6.353 24.586
------
15.454 25.412 6.485 23.154
6.908 18.258 8.246 3.241 4.885
------
11.000 2.615
32.114

79.590 23.237
4.741 33.268 13.502 56.453 22.187 14.984
5.486 30.071 18.429 62.458 12.286 18.995 34.749 27.888

.492 .387 .144 .613 .034 .374 .790 .431 .149 .188 .120 .864
-------
.213 .064 .150

108.072 55.578 30.875 71.758 74.679 115.618 51.064 76.747 48.300 49.747 57.341 73.580 45.386 45.050 91.091 60.152

ToTAL ____________

402.990

188.7ll 158.32'l

5.013 1055.038

72

Seventeenth Report, State Highu,ay Board of Georgia

FOURTH DIVISION June 30, 1936, to July 1, 1937
MILEAGE MAINTAINED AND TYPE

County

I I Unimproved

~oil.
Gravel.

I

PaYing

Structure'

Total

:\Iacadam

Baldwin ----------------

Bibh -- --------------Bleckley -- -- ----- -----

Butts --------------------

Clayton ---------------

Crawford - ---------------

Dooly - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Fayette -----------------

Henry -----------------

Houston -------- -------

] as per -- ---------------

Jones -----------------

Lamar -----------------

Laurens ---------- -------

"lonroe ------------------

~forgan

-----------------

Newton ------------------

Peach -----------------

Pike ------------------

Pulaski ------ ---------

Putnam --- --- -------- --

Rockdale -------------

~paldini' ---------------

Twiggs . ---------------

lJp,on -------- ---------

Wilkinson --------------

1.492 11.761 11.172 28.248 30.449 1S.408 26.753 37.623 37.444 25.371 26.276 23.342 23.150 77.797 64.128 13.900 3.5.804
14.031 1.'3.249 26.200 26.311 6.595 30.014 29.753 19.010

2 . .510 9.051 16.10S 2..585 19.130 12.92S 9.660
7.677 .549
3.000
16.883
4.223
2.683 11.460
2.2Ti 5.166
9.221 47.278

44.802 4l.l.57 12.091 15.581 26.558 25.332 27.839
3.631 30.100 52.782 47.248 37.335 24.918 42.188 40.846 49.936 30.531 30.734 22.128 29.487 31.906 9.085 36.237 43.011 22.743 4.013

.321

46.61S

.137

SS.565

.Ill

32.425

.204

60.138

.lll

S9.703

.1.14

60.004

.097

67.614

.056

50.970

.151

67.69S

.266 86.096

.242

74.315

.070 63.747

.038

48.106

.615 1.37.48.3

.149 105.123

.284 64.120

.176

70.734

.100

30.834

.102

38.942

.937

5S.l33

.183

58.289

.112 3/.785

.266

48.264

.287

7.3.312

.233 61.950

.046

70.347

TOTAL_____________ 655.281

I I I 182.383 182.219

S.428 1625.311

Seventeenth Report, State Hip;lzway Board of Georgia

73

County

FOURTH DIVISION June 30, 1937, to July 1, 1938

MILEAGE lVIAINTAll\ED AND TYPE

llnimproved GSroaviLeL Macadam

I
Paving Structures

Total

Baldwin ----------

Bibb ---------Bleckley -------

Bulls

--- ------------

Clayton ----

Crawrord -------- -----

Dooly

-- --------

-

Fayetk --------- -------

Henry --------------
Hou~ton - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
J aspt>r - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Jones -----------------
Lamar ----------------

Laurens ----------------

:\lonnw ---------------:\I organ ----- - ---------

Newton ---------------Peach ------ --- --- --

Pike

--------------

Pulaski ----------------

l'ulnam

---

Rockdale

--- --------

Spalding T" iggs -

-----------------------------

{lp"m

WilkinHm -------------

10.951 21.729 8.770 28.248 24.511
16.5.~6
26.445 36.731 47.898 20.762 32 . .552 29.286 18.666
56.70~
79.065 11.752 40.204 5.900 11.180 18.569 3.3.751 22.696
3.038 30.014 16.817 15.79:1

ToTAL ___

668.654

1.492 2510 9.0.51 16.105 7.246 6.-m 13.227
.131 3.02H
3.000
16.802 11.851 2.148 !.223
5.5.34 15.3-t.S
7.856 8.:392 H.Sl3
16.577 39.S29

~3.002 ~:>.457
1.5.293 1.5.581 27.835 11.97:l 27.839 13.952 30.100 6.3.801 57.o:n 46.977 29.402 63.302 40.816
~9.9:l6
30.527 30.734 22.126 29.487 .32.867
9.085 36.424 43.0 ll 36.739 14.96S

I_ 199.000 8'!8.301 I

.310 .169 .ll1
.20~
.ll1 .205 .103 .141 .169 .294 .326 .084 .0.38 .675 .261 .2H4 .180 .100 .102 .982 .315 .ll2 .289 .287 .257 .060

S/.815 67.865 .o:1.22s 60.1.'\8 59.703 6:1.1/l 67.614 50.970 8l.l9S 84.860 89.915 19.34/ 18.106 137.183 1.32.023 64.120 75.134 .36.734 38.942 64.383 71.789 40.285 4H.264 7.3.312 10.4.50 70.347

6.23: 1 1772.190

74

Seventeenth Report, State Highway Board oj Georgia

FIFTH DIVISION
June 30, 1936, to July l, 1937

County

MILEAGE MAINTAINED AND TYPE

I I Soil,
Unimproved Gravel,

Paving

Macadam

Structures

Baker ---------------Calhoun ----------------Chattahoochee ---------Clay ----------------Coweta --------------Decatur ________________
Dougherty ------------Early -----------------Harris -----------------Heard ----------------Lee -------------------Macon ----------------"'Iarion ---- -----------l\leri. ether ----------:Miller -----------------l\1 itchell --------------1\Iuscogee --------------Quitman --------------Randolph -------------Schley ---------------Seminole -------------Stewart ---------------Sumter ---------------Talbot ----------------Taylor ---------------Terrell ---------------Troup -----------------Webster ---------------

39.529 40.573
9.647 29.740 28.310 22.423 40.321 33.027 29.840
5.100 39.149 38.528 46.424 38.497 64.807
29.510 11.964 2.548 11.425 34.613 4l.l57 27.102 43.088 26.887 39.169 24.486

1.918 11.244 25.385 14.580 15.993
9.817
11.912 19.324
14.400 4.259
1.416 22.876
3.481
1.570
25.506 17.342
6.033

1.045 2.038 16.983 12.789 40.587 43.4.50 37.762 27.858 21.210
28.020 36.075 15.463 51.454
7.780 61.004 64.242
5.641 6.322 21.871 13.687 30.689 49.241 14.293 26.560 38.365 54.384 9.046

.178 .095 .112 .395 .075 .243 .'105 ..'324 .215 .106
.545
.394 .103 .3:)2 .386 .093 .030 .049 .:n5 .102 .14.5 .180 .2.52 .103 .414 .041

Total
42.670 53.950 42.480 37.411 86.395 72.003 70.407 68.503 66.364 49.270 33.120 90.169 58.250 98.272 46.380 126.143 64.628 36.660 4l.l92 27.949 25.487 66.974 90.543 67.081 87.242 65.355 93.967 39.606

TOTAL-----~--------

797.864

207.0.56 737.859
I

5.692 1748.471
I

Seventeenth Report, State Highway Board of Georgia

75

FIFTH DIVISION

June 30, 1937, to July 1, 1938

MILEAGE MAINTAINED AND TYPE

County

G~~~~L I I Unimproved

Paving Structures i Total

- - - - - - - - - - 1 - - - - - - 1 -:\I-ac-ad-am- - - - - - : - - - - -1, - - - -

Baker _______________ _ Calhoun _ __ ________ _
Chattahoochee ________ _ Clay _________________ _ Coweta _________________ _ Decatur ____________ --Dougherty __ _ Early ____________ _ Harris _______________ _
Heard ----------------Lee __________________ _ ~lacon ______________ _ l\larion _______________ _ 1\Ieriwt>ther __________ _ Miller ___________ - --l\litchell _______ _____ _ ~luscogee _____________ _ Quitman ______________ _ Randolph _____________ _ Schley _______________ _ Seminole _____________ _ Stewart _______________ _ Sumter _______________ _ Talbot ________________ _ Taylor _______________ _ Terrell __ __________ _ Troup ________________ _ Webster ______________ _

39.455 27.179 3.926 17.922 29.740 45.325 21.249 39.918 56.087 22.691
5.100 14.600 23.713 42.449 38.497 62 ..376
19.620 12.993 8.98ti 31.519 34.599 42.953 32.457 25.385 26.947 24.176 36..557

1.918 16.753
9.346 14.580 15.971
6.239 9.934 3.400 22.146
6.239 10.332 3.971
6.906 6.914 l.41ti 13.066
1.6.30 1.584
20.210 11.833 1.740 10.281

1.045 9.049 25.113 12.789 40.513 49.350 44.721 27.858 23.805 4.122 23.020 6ti.275 25.057 51.404 7.730 61.004 73.956 15.330 20.763 27.900 13.691 30.689 49.241 25.084 Sl.501 33.331 59.36:-l 14.813

..3265921 .186 .420 .166 .278 .448 .343 .442 .311
.721 .026 .388 .103 .317 .533 .244 .070 .113 .397 .102 .349 .330 .309 .087 .597 .136

42.670 53.950 38.576 45.711 86.395 95.453 72.707 73.103 93.734 i9.270 33.120 37.835 S9.628 93.272 46.380 l:l0.60:-l 31.403 36.660 51.392 36.999 47.237 66.974
92.543 78.031 89.083 67.1S5 94.417 51.506

-----------1------------- ---------:-----

TOTAL _____________ _ 786.419

207.114 904.837 1 8.037 11906.407

/(J

Seventeenth Report, State Higlucay Board oj Georgia

SIXTH DIVISION

June 30, 1936, to July l, 1937

MILEAGE MAINTAINED AND TYPE

I . Soil.

1

. .

County

{lnimprovcd Gravel.

PaYinp: Stnwture-' --Tot~al

\facadam

~--~~-~~-~-~~~~- ---~~- ~~~',----

BrantlPy

-------------

Brvan ------- -- ----------

Bt;lloch ------ --- --------

Camden ---- -- --------

Candler ---- -----------

Chatham ------ -- ------

Effingham -- -- - -

Emanuel ------------ --

Evans

-------------

Glynn --

- -- - ---

Liberty -------- --- --- -

Long -----------------

\Idntmh -------- --- ----
~Iontgon1ery - - - - - - - - - - -

ScreHn ----- --- ------ --

Tattnall ---------- -------

Toombs --------------- --

Trcutlcn ----------- -----

Wayne ---- ------- --------

40.649 31.822 43.690 .'30.600 31.849
15.400 41.369 20.691 11.586 17.500 22.!04 26.800 13.796 4UJ24 38.3.58 16.'!.50 45.617 26.687

4.315 7..331 4.104
5.083
1.056 13.896
5.078
8.151
19.330 11.658 30.640
7.241 10.345
6.830

26.525 29.4 ]1, 58.32:> H454 1:1.39.5 60.01'1 :B.lfll 77.53'1 12.7:37 53.99'1 3.5.8.30 12.747 22.053 1:).160 20.053 15.318 42.568
3.257 41.414

.991 .311 .156 .351 .226 1.338 .253 .187 .liS .136
.915 .9S3 .516 .063 1.37.5 .380 .131 .572

12.480 7!.938 106.275 12.405 50.553 61.:187 !'1.8'10 t:l3.591 38.621 6S.72l .533.30 43.947 49.806 46.802 74.7'18 85.6'11 67.139 59.3.50 75 ..503

TOTAL_--------

.519.492

137.058 613.018

I

I

9.6.59 121'1.227

Seventeenth Report, State Highway Board of Georgia

77

SIXTH DIVISION

June 30, 1937, to July 1, 1938

MILEAGE MAINTAINED AND TYPE

-~nimproved -~~~~~1. I -~~tna tut~:~ - - - - - ~==--=--===--------

County

-----

-l'a,mg

Total

\lacadam
Brantley - - - - - - - - - -S2.4SO - --4.3 ~

26.S2.S --1.:;1~ ~8-t(J();l

Bryan __

36.686

.3.026 :36.704

.436 1 76.8S2

Bulloch Camden ___________ .

38.142 30.600

9.636

S8.32S
+l.4S4

.172 106.2/.S

.351

72.405

Candler

3l.R49

5.083

l:l.395

.226

SO.S53

Chatham _... ______ _

2.363

60.424

1.401

64.18R

Effingham __ __

11.046

5.391

33.181

.272

49.890

Emanuel __ _

34.581

20.486

7/.S.'l9

.985 J:l:-1.591

Evans

30.302

6.:wo

12. ~37

.2:32

19.5 71

Clynn __

11.586

53.999

.136

6S. 721

Liberty

45.716

:-16.884

82.600

Lon~ ___ ---

21.670

8.004

18.822

.976

.)2.172

_\ldnto,lt

26.800

22.0S:l

.9S3

19.806

:\lontgomery

12.663

20.3:\9

13.160

.640

46.R02

Screven

30. I l l

10.180

31.87S

.470

7:3.296

Tattnall TnomLs __ _______ _

36.027 16.950

11.71.3 7.241

.J 1.:378 42.sli8

1.606 .380

90.724 61.1.39

Treutlen

4S.617

lO.:H5

:-l.2S7

.l.'l1

59.:-l.SO

Wayne __

19.300

.115

55.4<.16

.592

75.So:3

T<JTAL__

--S3-8~1_1_9__ --122.174 I 679~76 ~--ll-_;;;- 1351.341

-----====='=----=-----------=-----=--------= . -=--- ==------~-

78

Seventeenth Report, State Highway Board of Georgia

SEVENTH DIVISION

June 30, 1936, to July l, 1937

County

MILEAGE MAINTAINED AND TYPE

I Soil, I I Unimproved Gravel.

Paving Structures Total

l\Tacadam

Appling _____________ _ Atkinson ______________ Bacon ___ Ben Hill _____________ _ Berrien _____________ _
Brooks Charlt,,n ------ _________ _ Clinch ________________ _ Coffet' _______________ _
Colquitt Cook _______________ _ Crisp ______________ _
Dod~~ _ __ _ __ - - Echols ______________ _ Grady _______________ _ lrwin ________________ Jeff Davis ____________ _ Lanier ___ _
LowndEs Pierce ___ _
T~lfair
Thomas __ Tift Turner Ware _______________ _ Wheeler _____________ _ \\ ilcox _____________ _ \Vorth ______________ _

10.968 29.839 14.341 33.313 36.707 26.751 47.320 .SH70 33.089 28.000 13.173 26.0.55 45.250 61.211 36.295 32.:137 23.766 25.585 42.700 17.500 79.318 17.780 20.999 30.004
5.933 53.346 23.641 33.429

4.500 4.94.5 5.931 9.91/ 5.668
/.100
1.3.706
.5.302 5.621
7.631
9.:182 9.647
7.971 4.1/1
7.372 l.l3fl 17.8l'J

45.770 14.332 25.989 13.681 21.567 49.212 19.316 27.013 41.274 64.492 28.80:1 26.8.36 23.946
1.597 32.114 18.089 14.740 10.504 36.54.5 21.497 4.3.165 72.981 27.98:3 16.756 75.209 17.0.37 28.004 .5.5.071

.482 .227 .139 .260 .584 .282 .314 .640 1.384 .266 .253 .0.50 .484 .039 .202 .224 .328 .364 .072 .573 .868 .363 . .585 .275 .112 ..532 .640 .236

61.720 49.343 46.400 57.171 63526 76.24.5 66.'J.SO 82.12:3 75.747 92.7.58 49.329 52.941 8.1.386 62.847 73.913 56.2/l 38.8:-q
44.084 'J9.317 48.952 l:l2.998 9l.l24 .57.S:38 51.206 8l.2.S4 78.237 .53.423 106 . .55.5

ToTAL _ ___ _ _

902.120

J 127.821 1 893..523

10.778 _1 1934.242 _

Seventeenth Report, State Highway Board of Georgia

79

SEVENTH DIVISION June 30, 1937, to July 1, 1938

MILEAGE MAINTAINED AND TYPE

County

G~~~~~l, Unimproved I

I I Paving Structures

-I----------:-~_I_a~c~~d~a_m_._ _ _ _ __ _

Appling ---------------Atkinson -------------BBeanconHi-ll--_-_-__-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_Berrien ---------------Brooks ---------------Charlton --------------Clinch ---------------Coffee ---------------Colquitt ---------------Cook -----------------Crisp -----------------Dodge ----------------Echols --~ ------------Grady ----------------Irwin -----------------Jeff Davis ------------Lanier ----------------Lowndes --------------Pierce ----------------Telfair ---------------Thomas ---------------Tift ------------------Turner ---------------Ware ----------------\\'heeler --------------\"iiilcox ---------------Worth -----------------

33,965 21.596 6.010 30.024 55.054 41.180 68.475 63.123 45.732 42.330 12.866 31.797 41.801 63.436 .52.265 28.267 16.126 38.781 48.488 29.336 77.259 16.738 19.909 39.777 10.479 36.8.50 35.328 26.614

4.SOO 15.005
7.446 4.999 17.912 3.503
2.229 13.254
.992 15.2.53
7.838
9.140
.179
10.610
4.581 16.474
4.171
10.874 .5.176 23.934

47.038 20.313 32.80S 21.853 21.567 49.117 25.809 28.680 41.214 64.492 36.210 31.571 2.5.802
1.597 .37.416 18.089 22.309 19.792 56.413 21.646 53.380 72.981 27.983 16.7.56 80.924 29.91.5 28.004 55.071

.697 .493 .139 .295 .963 .565 .616 .687 1.787 .266 .2.53 .422 .530 .047 .232 .292 .399 .441 .422 .900 .952 .374 .472 .352 .351 .648 .715 .236

Total
86.200 57.407 46.400 57.171 95.496 94.395 94.900 94.719 102.047 107.088 49.329 64.782 83.386 72.918 89.913 .55.788 .'38.834 .59.193 10.5.323 62.492 131.591 94.674 64.838 61.056 91.754 78.287 69.223 10.5.85.5

ToTAL -------------

1033.606

178.070 988.837

14.546 221.5.059

I

I

I

T y pical Division Shops of the State Highway Department. The plant shown here compnses State HighwaJ' Shop No. 2 OJid the Fitzgera.ld Division Sbo ns locara d a' Oa 1

Seventeenth Report, State Hip;huay Board of Georgia

81

General Highway Shop
The General Highway Shop, located at Ea~t Point, is the principal unit for all reconditioning, repairing and rebuilding of departmental machinery and for manufacturing certain special equipment used by the Department.
The shop is equipped with modern machinery and machine tools I some
of which are not found in regular garages and machine shops), to meet all demands in connection with the serYicing of road and other machinery m use.
Each of the seven Divisions has a local shop for minor and emergency repmrs.
Inspections of the field machinery are made from time to time, and when machinery is found in need of major repairs it is transferred to the General Highway Shop for rebuilding or overhauling. No machinery is rebuilt before an estimate is made of the probable cost, and if it is found that the results will not warrant the cost of rebuilding the unit is junked, all good parts being salvaged for use in the O\~erhauling or rebuilding of other machines.
Truck Service 0 perated
A truck service is operated between shop and field for transporting worn machinery to the shop and rebuilt machinery to the field. This service, which has proved a great convenience and which has effected a considerable saYing in time and monev, also is used to move Public Works Camps and asphalt crews from one location to another.
The shop is operated on a cost basis. All material and labor are charged at cost and a small percentage added to the completed cost to cover overhead expense. A record of all work performed is kept by a time clock recording system.
830 Jobs Completed
During the fiscal year ending June :30, 19:37, the General Highway Shop completed B:30 jobs at a total billing of S l52,B80.(J1. Of these jobs, the following pieces of equipment were completely rebuilt:

EquipmC'nt

Shop Cost

39 Truck-- _ 46 Tractors 55 Graders __________ _ ll l\Iotor Graders ________________________ _
l Gasoline Roller _____________ _ 57 Motors and Transformer--------~

$ 22.860.23 49,410.26 13.942.16 8,:381.48 565.18 lJ.703.05

$ 67.lJOO.OO 126.400.00 .57SiO.OO 33.000.00 ."lJOO.OO 23,260.00

209

$104.928.36

$311.210.()0

This would indicate a saYing of approximate! y $206,2Bl.6'k During the fiscal year ending June 30, l93fl, the General Highway

A Maintenance Department job oz doub~e-_!!!!_~ng on the Ocilla-Douglas road. Emulsifi ed asphalt was used. The old vave-

Seventeenth Report, State Highway Board of Georgia

83

Shop completed 927 jobs at a total billing of $116,.')33.57. Of these jobs, the following pieces of equipment were completely rebuilt:

Equipment

Shop Cost I Cost to Replace

10 Trucks _ ~--~--- __

30 Tractors _______ _

57 Graders ______________________ _

ll 1\Iotor Graden _________

__________ _

1 Steam Roller ____________________________ _

2 Shovels ____ ___

~ -~ ____________ _

2 Air Compressors ________________ ~---

3 Pile Drivers _____________________________ _

1 ~Iixer _____ _ ___ _ _________ _

1~1 :\Iotors and Transformers ______ _

$ 8,633.80 27.980.0.) 14.311.77 7,939.01 856.67 6,309.S9 575.55 1.269..36 427.98 2,364.65

$ 26,300.00 89.400.00 60.6.50.00 33,000.00 2.500.00 17.000.00 5.000.00 4.SOO.OO 1.100.00 6.400.00

1:31

$ 70.668.43

$246.150.00

This would indicate a saving of approximately $l75,4nl.57. The miscellaneous jobs consisted of repairing carburetors, generators, starters and parts taken off worn-out equipment, repointing shovel teeth, servicing new equipment, making special signs, remodeling old type machines to bring them up-to-date, and designing and building special machines. All this was done at a great saving to the Highway Department.
Special Apparatus Made
The success of work on various research projects depends large! y upon the accuracy and quality of the instruments and special apparatus w:ed in the procedure. The shop maintains a machine shop and a machinist qualified to do this type of work, and with the cooperation of the laboratory technician has created and constructed special equipment for use in re~earch work. It may be added that equipment of this nature. when purchased from a manufacturer, is thirty to fifty per cent higher in cost.
The following instruments and tools were made for special research work by the shop at a saving of from ten to fifty pPr cent to the department:
l. Laboratory control soil compaction machine. 2. Proctor needle assembly.
3. Stone screening tnachine. 4. Soil compaction molds I for field use).
5. Machinery used in construction of circular test track. 6. ~umerous compression molds, orifices, penetrometers and accessories to Ames dials, telemeters, and hydraulic presses.

The entrance to Vogel State Park, where

Seventeenth Report, State Highway Board of Georgia

85

Equipment Inventory

Following is an inventory of all major equipment m the Highway Department:

Hea\ y Duty Tracton;

________ 25

\[edium Duty Tract on;__

193

Light Duty Tractors

29

Tractor Scrapers

18

Road Roller'

32

Rock Cruslwrs

8

:\lud Jacks

l'm1er Gradtr' __

82

Pull Type Craders__ _

425

Power ~lwvcl~, Drag1ines and

Crane' ___ ___

18

Air Comprt'SO'ors -------

14

Pile Driwr'

________ _ 6

:J to 5 Ton Trucks-__

74

1 to 2 Ton Trucks

451

Pickup Trucks __ _

86

Station Wagom

65

Trucks with Trailer, _________ _

8

Core Drill Outfit' _________ _

2

A,phalt Distributors ____ _

7

Asphalt Storage Tanks __

3

Tank Car Heaters ___ _

2

Concrete :\lixers__ ___________ 10

Asphalt \lixns__ ___________ __ 8

Asphalt lleatero _

113

Steam Boilers______

.'l

Mowing J\lachines _

54

Road Rippers __

18

Rotary Brooms _________

8

Sand Blasting Outfits _______

General Highway Warehouse
The General Highway Warehouse is operated as an independent unit al East Point. Its function is to supply the General Highway Shop, other field shops, the Public Works Camps, the Maintenance Department and the Comtruction Department with materials, parts and supplies with the least possible delay. Consequently, a large stock of these items in constant demand is carried, the value of the stock approximating SlOO,OOO. Other items not carried in stock are ordered from manufacturers and handled by or in connection with the warehouse.
All materials passing in and out of the warehouse are recorded on a perpetual card index system. These cards are verified by an almost continuous physical inventory of the goods actually on hand.
All purchases made for the warehouse are for departmental use, no purchases being made for resale to outsiders.

Two of the many machines used by the Department of Tests and R esearch. At top, Jour hundred thousand pound compression machine for determining strength of concrete and steel, and below, corP. drill machine for taking cores from concrete pavements to determine thickness.

Seventeenth Report, State Highway Board of Georgia

87

Department of Tests and Research
All materials used in Georgia highway construction are tested by the Laboratory and only those conforming to the standards prescribed in carefully prepared specifications are used. This routine work includes principally the testing and analysis of soils, coarse aggregate, sand, cement, asphalt, steel, paint, conCIele beams, cylinders, cores, water, etc. Before drawing plans and beginning construction of any project, a careful investigation is made of materials available and deposits of suitable quality located. Samples of these materials are tested and the type of construction is governed by the results of those tests.
Investigation is made of subgrade and, when found necessary, the subgrade is either treated or replaced with other material so that the road foundation has sufficient load-bearing capacity. Further investigation is made of available base materials so that when a wearing course is placed the completed road will have sufficient load-bearing capacity and have a smooth, non-skid riding surface that will resist wear and disintegration.
Georgia Materials Used
Every kind of material essential to highKay construction is produced in Georgia. Pioneering work in the utilization of top soils and local materials was started in 1917. From this beginning has developed our modern soil science and base stabilization practice which has made possible the low cost type of roads of sound construction and long life.
Paving mixtures, both Asphalt and Portland Cement Concrete, are designed in the Laboratory so that a suitable type and the most economical proportions are determined that will furnish sufficient load-bearing capacity and the best riding surface. During construction, the Laboratory is kept in contact with the work by means of daily reports and frequent tests of materials being used so that quality and uniformity will be maintained. Concrete test beams and cvlinders are made at regular intervals during the pouring of concrete paving. Concrete cylinders also are taken from concrete used in the construction of all bridges, culverts, etc. These cylinders are cured and then broken in the 40ll,OOO-pound capacity hydraulic test machine in the Laboratory.
Lower Cost, Better Design
In order that improved design and lower costs be effected in construction, the Laboratory works with the plans, engineering, construction and maintenance departments. One of these projects completed during the past year was two miles of a cement-soil stabilized road, (Project 1502, Clarke County I and constructed by Stale Forces. Following this, two projects of ahout 12 miles of the same type of road \\'ere constructed under contracts between Leary and Arlington (Project 1517, Parts 2 and 3, Calhoun County I. The use of a vibrator in the finishing of Portland Cement Concrete was tried, together with stone sand on Project F AP179-E, Greene County.
Special investigations have been conducted by the Laboratory, these including tests on fill and embankment materials and the best means of compaction, on subgrade materials, concrete paving expansion joints, concrete paving crack suneys, centerline marking, etc. Deposits of limerock

..

Seventeenth Report, State Highway Board of Georgia

89

used in Lase construction have been located and test sections constructed from material from these deposits. The material then is examined and approved before extensive use is made.
Research Conducted
Research is conducted bv the Laboratory as a regular part of its activities. Regular testing equipment is used for this work, supplemented by special equipment. The largest item of special equipment is a test track, 12 feet in diameter, in which a miniature road including base and surface mav be built and tested to failure by revolving wheels, loaded so as to duplicate service conditions as far as possible. 'v-arious base and surface combinations have been tested to obtain information that may be used in design and construction. Othf'l" research on aggregate, to determine its load-bearing capacity and wear resistance, as well as to learn the best combination of sizes for maximum density, and to obtain data on non-skid surfaces, etc., has been conducted.
Methods of tests not on! y are checked periodically by a representative of the Bureau of Standards but are kept in strict conformance with methods prescribed by the American Society for Testing Materials, The American Association of State Highway Officials and tht>ir specifications. Research work of the National Highway Research Board and other national organizations also is followed and methods improved where possible. At present, the Laboratory is conducting research in an effort to arrive at testing methods for a more accurate and more rapid system of evaluating the quality of sands.
Information Recorded
All of the information obtained from the routine tests and from the experimental and research work is carefully recorded and classified and forms the foundation for dra\ving the Georgia Highway Specifications. These are carefully drawn and periodically revised and. so far as applicable, are made to conform with the specifications of the American Society for Testing Materials, with federal specifications and with specifications of other State Highway Departments. These specifications, so drawn, are submitted to the U. S. Bureau of Public Roads for final approval and adopted by the Highway Department as standards.
Materials Abundant
Geoqria is fortunate in having an abundance of natural materials suitable for road surfacing purposes. They are distributed throughout the state and through study and trial have been developed into excellent road surfacing materials. Each type carries its own specifications and design.
In the northwestern corner of the state exist the cherts and limestones, the former being used as bases and the limestones as broken stone bases and surface treatment aggregates. In the northern and northeastern part are found the granites and gneisses, which are used as broken stone bases and surfacing aggregates. In the north central part are found the top soils which are used as bases. In the central part are found the clay gravels, sand clays, pebble soils and limerocks which are used as bases,

A newly-paved road stretches throngh ric!t .Middle G~?rgi,a; J?ouple surface treatment on clay gravel base between Monti-

,..o /1 ,., rrn rl L"" ,..,,...,,, .,..._..-._ - .,.. _ c..a.__~

--

Seventeenth Report, State Highway Board of Georgia

91

and along the southern and coastal section is found an abundance of sands which have been developed into bases by processing with artificial binders.
Studies and experiments are now being conducted for stabilizing the natural soils which are unstable due to absorption of an excess of moisture during wet weather. This type will be used as bases where a naturally stable material does not exist within an economical hauling distance.

Increase in Ulork

The table below shows the increase in volume of work done by the Laboratory during the last two years. The increase in the number of samples tested of top soil, asphalt and local materials for the Federal, State and Post Roads systems indicates the trend toward the utilization of properly treated local materials and the development of satisfactory low cost type of roads. Besides materials tested by its own organization, the Laboratory has jurisdiction over the inspection and testing of creosoted timber, structural and reinforcing steel, etc. These inspections and tests are made by commercial laboratories at the point of manufacture.

Materials Tested or Inspected for year ending-

June 30, 1935

____________

June 30, 1936

______

Samples 14,888 ] 2,946

June 30, 1937

Asphalt

Asphalt Emulsion

Tar Top Soil ________________ _

Cement ___ _______

______ _

Sand _____________ _

Coarse Aggregate ____ _

Concrete Cylinders __ Steel, Wat~r, Paint, Culverts, etc.

Total

1,498 20 216
4,538 4,216 1,013 1,824 3,382 4,085

June 30, 1938

A,.phalt

2,074

Emulsified Asphalt

473

Tar

638

Top Soil

- ---- 11,460

Cement

4,592

Sand __

1,272

Coarse Aggregate

3,195

Concrete Cylinders _____ _ Steel, Wate~, Paint, Culverts, etc.

-- 4,655 3,897

Total ____

______ _

20,882 32,256

Post Roads Division (OctohPr 1, 1937- June 30, 1938) Asphalt _____ _______ _ Tar _____ _
Top Soil l\1 iscellaneous Total ___ _

31 lO 1,038 311

1,390

A well-guarded curve on a 1/Wtultain highway. Reconstmcted sand clay base with bituminous road mix sur acin
- - - - nn1tlnn nun_.ru.Ll.

Seventeenth Report, State Highway Board of Georgia

93

Purchasing Department

The Purchasing Department is under the supervision of the Purchasing Agent, who is appointed by the State Highway Board.
All purchases are made through the Purchasing Department and upon requisitions approved by the Department Head under who~e _jurisdiction the materials are to he used. On requisitions amounting to $500 or more, approval of the Chairman of the Highway Board is required. Invitations to bid then are mailed out or advertised and a dale set on ,vhich thev are to he opened, after which the lowest acceptable bidder is selected." All bidders. and other interested parties, are invited to he present when bids are opened.

Supplies Bought Monthly
l\laterials and supplies, such as groceries, to be used in connection with Stale Public \Vorks Camps, are hought monthlv, after having been advertised in the official organ of the countv in which the camp is located. All interested partie~ are im ited to participate in the bidding.
An up-to-elate index file, listing all firms and individuals who wish to bid on materials, equipment anll supplies, is mainlained in the Department.
All vendors are required to furni:'h im oices in duplicate sho,ring our purchase order number in order that the Accounting Department may check the prices and quantities against the original transaction, a copy of which is Sl~nt them when the purchase order is issued.

16,800 Orders Issued

For the war ending June 30, 1937, the Purchasing Department issued a total of 16,800 orders, classified into four groups as follows:

( l) General Office purcha"e orders covering materials, for construc-

tion and maintenance of roadwavs, maintenance and construction equip-

ment, office supplies, engineering supplies, all supplies used by State

Public Work~ Camps and the Testing Laboratory, and all items sent out

to the field that are not carried bv our stockroom or warehouse. Total

orders, lO,GSO.

.

121 Warehouse purchase orders covering all items carried in stock at our East Point warehouse and general office stockroom, repair parts for use by the East Point and Douglas Shops. Total orders. 2,Ki0.

13) \Varehouse and stockroom shipping orders covering all supplies shipped out over the stale by the East Point warehouse and general office stockroom. Total orders, 2,.'JSO.

I:].) Repair orders covering total cost of parts and labor for rebuilding equipment at the East Point and Douglas Shops. Total orders, 730.

High type paving along the Georgia. seaboard. This picture shows a section of State Route No . 25, betu:een Savannah and
Rrun ~"";,.J... ;..., ~1.-. ll~ --...L:!.

Seventeenth Report, State Highway Board of Georgia

95

1937-1938 Orders
For the year ending June 30, 1933, the Purchasing Department issued a total of 18,600 purchase orders, classified into four groups as above:
(1) 12,450 (2) 2,300 13) 2,500 (4) 850
Quantity Purchases
Considerable saving has been made on items that were purchased in quantities and shipped from the warehouse and stockroom.
The work of the Purchasing Department has been considerably increased since the organization of the Post Roads Division, April 1, 1937, and o{ the Division of Highway Planning, June 1, 1937.
The Purchasing Agent, in addition to other duties, has jurisdiction over the stockroom. In this stockroom are carried office supplies, engineering supplies and approximately 400 different printed forms. These items are shipped to the field upon request and are invoiced monthly by the Purchasing Department, being charged to the various projects, maintenance districts, and general office.

VaJ'ied aclwlles of the Post Roads Division. At th e lop is shown a grading j ob ( Project. FAS-41-A) in Pike CoLtnly, from Meansville /.o Stale Route No . 3; center is a bridge over South River ( Project FA S 10) on Stale Route No. 155, in DeKalb County; bottom, paving on the Houston Lakc-Echeconnee Road ( Project FAS-33) in Houston County.

Seventeenth Report, State Highway Board of Georgia

97

Post Roads Division

The Rural Post Roads Division of the State Highway Department of

Georgia was created by an Act of the 1937 General Assembly, through

House Bill No. 312, which was signed by Governor Rivers and which became effective on March 18, 1937. The State Highway Board promptly carried forward the purposes of this Act by appointing a Director and

supplying all necessary facilities for supervising the construction of U. S. Rural Po"t Roads and Bridges, as well as designated farm-to-market roads.

Through the Post Roads Division, facilities are supplied for co-opera

tive road-building activities of diverse types. ln conjunction with the Federal Government, county and municipal authorities, this Division already has contributed extensive improvements to Georgia's secondary

roads. In a little more than a vear, from March, 1937, to Julv, 1938, the

work of the Division got well t;nder wav.

~

Worthwhile Achievement
The operation of the Post Roads Division during its first sixteen months of existence has been one of varied and worthwhile achievements. Charged with the improvements to the 42. 800 miles of rural post roads through out the State, the Division has passed the embryonic stage of organization and is now active! y engaged in actual survey and construction work in nearly every county in the State.
Designed to allow the respective counties to make their own individual ,election of road and bridge projects for Post Roads Division improvements, this Division has inaugurated a system of county resolutions that has resulted in official notice being given by authorities for road im provements in all counties in the State.

197 Projects Completed
Based on the respective and official designation of county projects, this Division has now worked in every county, completing to date 197 oeparate and individual survey projects for a total of 956 miles.
Of this total mileage, 40.:\ miles in 22 counties has been completed with Federal Aid, 20.9 miles in 5 counties has been completed with county and WP A cooperation, 77.4 miles in 32 counties is under construction with Federal Aid, 253.8 miles in 82 counties is under construction with county and WPA cooperation. 1,378.4 lineal feet of bridges has been completed with Federal Aid, 55.8 lineal feet of bridges has been com pleted entirely with State funds and 8,572.0 lineal feet of bridges is under construction with Federal Aid and with County and WPA cooperation. There has been completed with convict labor a total of 9.4 miles of road in 5 counties.

County Contracts Awarded
The authority of the Post Roads Division has been expanded to permit awarding of construction contracts to individual counties where adequate construction facilities, both equipment and labor, is available, and to date 35 of these county contracts have been awarded, representing $825,-

Three Post Roads Division projects in various parts of the state. Top, R eggin Mill -Weaver Road ( Project PR-51) , in Bibb County; center, a Dodge County bridge ( Project FAS-53) , near Eastman, a.nd bottom , a newly-paved road ( Project FAS-67) at Rex, in Clayton County.

Seventeenth Report, State Highway Board of Georgia

99

211.77 in new construction, and this work has now either been completed or is under construction. On most of these contracts all the labor and some of the materials are furnished by the WPA.
Further responsibilities of the Division include rendering engineering supervision on many projects sponsored either by individual counties or by the Works Progress Administration agency. Construction of this type projects over the State now amounts to $2,028,221.90, and the Post Roads Division has prepared plans and has put field engineers on each project, actively superintending the work being done by county or Federal forces.
The tabulated figures shown on Pages 101 and 103 give the results in the first 16 months' operation.

During construction of a Post Roads Division road ut Ben Hill County, between Fitzgerald and Osjerlield Thi ?R Coo'

POST ROADS DIVISION

COMPLETED ROADWAY PROJECTS-BY TYPES

Type

fl --c~[ Number o

Per _\lile

Projects

--------~---------

Road .\lachine Work ________ _

$l.728.75

2

Grade and Drain _ _________ _______ _

.5.551.86

2

Gr. with Chert BaRe __ _________ .---- 9.781.38

1

Gr. with Pebble Soil Base

---------

8.567.98

3

Gr. with Top Soil Base ____ __ __ ______ _

8.48::>.97

7

Gr. with Sand Clay Base _ __________ _

7,035.41

2

Gr. with Selected l\Iaterial Surface ____ ---

5.987.47

2

Gr. with Cal. Chloride Treat. Surf. ______ . 4,198.08

1

Gr. Base-Bit. Surface Trt'at.

8.054.60

9 -.

ToTALS __________ _

$7,158.37

29 I

..

Length
-
5.27 5.11

Cost to

$ I

State
- --

510.50 -~

9,660.00

Cost to County

Co,;t to {1. S.

8.600.00 $

-

$

18,710.00

- - - -----

Total Cost
9,110.50 28.370.00

2.47

11.850.00

12,310.00

---- ------

24.160.00

6.49 10.62 2.39 7.18

27,806.17 45.059.73 8.414.64 17,240.00

----------
----------
----------
H-350.00

27,800.00 1\5.040.00
8,400.00 11,400.00

55,606.17 90.099.73 16,814.64 42.990.00

3.13 27.99

6.570.00 56,948.16

-

--- --

6.570.00

126,090.00

42.410.00

--

1.3,140.00 225,448.16

I$ 70.65

184,059.20 t 180,060.00 :;) 141.620.00 .$ 505 739.20

------------

ROADWAY PROJECTS U\lDER CONSTRCCTION -BY TYPES

Grade

----------c;;:,~--~- Number of

Type a_n_d_D_r-ai_n_______________

Per _\[iJe

Projects

I $ 4.188.86

9

-

--

. --

Length

40.67

Cost to State

Coot to County

... Co.-! to
l. S.

s $ 16.181.00 154.180.00 $

-

Total Cost
$ 170,361.00

Gr. with Chert Base_______ ___________

ll,OTi.40

2

:3.23

13.400.00

{).880.00

12 . .500.00

3.5.780.00

Cr. with Pebble Soil Base ________

5,910.1S

12

56.76

44.420.00 262,%0.00

28.090.00 335,460.00

Gr. with Top Soil Base __________ . Cr. with Sel. 1\laterial :-'urf. __

6.S08.96

17

7.498.85

48

48.00 134.89

102.110.00 138.290.00

122.670.00

87,3.50.00 312.430.00 a

873.230.00 ---- ----

1.011,.520.00

-~.

Gr. with Clay Gravel Base.. _ __________ 16.251.45

2

.5.62

8.240.00

83.110.00

---- --

. -

91.350.00

Gr. with Sand Clay Base __ __________ _ 14,531.2.5

2

3.20

7.160.00

35,740.00

3.600.00

46 ..500.00

Cr. with Crushed Stone Base ___________ 15.102.70

1

1.85

2530.00

25.410.00

--.

-----

27,940.00

Gr. with Cal. Chloride Treated Surf.

.5,903.:>7

6

17.63

43,370.00

19.250.00

41,4-60.00 104.080.00

Grade-Base--Bitum. Surf. Tr.__

7..3{)1.16

12

2{).17

76.290.00

72,360.00

66.9.50.00 21.5.600.00

ToTALS-------~------------------

$6,894.09

105

IS 3~1.02

452.2{)1.00 $L65R.780.00 $ 239.950.00 $2.351.021.00

956 miles of con,pleted sui vey" have been made. .381 miles of complete plan' have be:n prepared and 5C6 mile, of plans, in various stages of completion, are now being prepared.

New paving beckons motorists to North Georgia mountains. Reconstructed sand clay base with bituminous roa.d mix sur

.-LD.U2JL_ h P I. II JP0l1 Dnl.lnn nw,.. ,.. ....._d___D.L..'

'11

Ct

n

Type

Treated Timber

-------- ----- ---- ----

Treated Timber--Concrete Deck ________

Concrete --- ---------------

Concrett>-Steel Super,tructure ----------

Concrete Box Culverts (Over 20 Ft.J ----

ToTALs _______ ---------------------

POST ROADS DIVISION COMPLETED BIUDGES~BY TYPES

Coc,t Per Foot
$ 40.53 85.84 162.31 85.33 143.42
~ 56.09

Number of I Length I Structures in Feet

Cost to Stat<'

Cost to County

7

1,056.00 $ 21.400.00 $

l

220.00

10528.96

l

22.50

3,652.00

1

75.00

3.200.00

----- -----

2

60.66

6.900.00

------ -----

12

1,434.16 llii 4.).680.'!6

Co>t to U.S.

Total Cost

$ 21,400.00 $ 42,800.00

8,35.5.00

18,88:-l. 9 6

3,652.00

.'l.200.00

6,400.00

1.800.00

8.700.00

$ :H,/.15.00 $ 80,435.'!6

BRIDGES Ul\DER CONSTRUCTION~BY TYPES

Type

Treatt>d Timber --- --- -- - --- - -Trt>ated Timber- -Concrete Deck_ ________
Concrete--Steel Superstructure -- -------
Concrete Box Culwrts (Ovn 20 Ft.)----Treated Timber--Steel Superstructure ____
1\Ietal Areb Culverts (Over 20 Ft. J ------

ToTALS ___ -----

- - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Co,-t Per Foot
$ 44.24 70.50 177.50 110.82 31.57 88.32
$ 51.19

Number of I Length

I Structures

I in Feet

Cost to State

-

Co,;t to

Cost to

County

l;. S.

Total Cost
~-~~-

49

6,330.00 $ 73,541.32 $ 166.:3'!3.88 $ 40.0<){).00 $ 280,025.20

6

1.020.00

.'\0.49:).27

12.123.0.')

29.290.00

71,906.30

1

80.00

1,288.20 1

12.911.80 --- - ------

14.200.00

6

190.03

6.091.37 .

9.8-Hl.6.'l

5.120.00

21,060.00

1

572.00

9,030.00 ----------

9.0:l0.00

18,060.00

5

380.00

4.964.81

- - - - - - ---~-

--------

26.235.19

2,360.00

33,560.00

----~~-

---~-

I 68 - - - ---~-

8.572.03

$ 125A08.97 $ 227..512.53 $ 85.890.00 $ 438,811.50

Seventeenth Report, State Higluwy Board of Georgia

lOS

PART FOUR

Fiscal Division
The section of this biennial report devoted to statements from the Treasurer reflects the financial condition and activities of the State Highway Department for the fiscal years July 1, 1936, to June 30, ]937, and July 1, 1937, to June 30, ] 938.
The financial condition of the State Highway Department, at the clo~e of the fiscal year, is reflected in Exhibit "A", Statement of Assets and Liabilities. A Reconciliation of the Fund Surplus, reflecting Fund Revenues, Allotments and Reserves, is given in Exhibit "B." Exhibit "C" reflects Revenue Receipts and Expenditures. Exhibit "D" i~ a Comparative Statement of Revenue Receipts and Expenditures for fiscal years comprising a five-year period. These Exhibits are supported by various Schedules which analyze the financial results for the fiscal years.
EXHIBIT "A"
STATEMENT OF ASSETS AND LIABILITIES-
FUND BALANCES
CuRRENT FuND PosiTION
A comparative summary as taken from Exhibit "A," of the current financial condition at June 30, 1937, and June 30, 1938, is presented as follows:

Description

June 30, 1937

June 30, 1938

AssETs

Current Assets___ ______________ $5,449,;104.89

Deferred Assets _______________

208,627.31

$1,778,432.65 ] 66,899.01

TOTAL ------- ------ --

$5,658,132.20

LIABILITIES AND FUND BALANCES
Current Liabilities _______________ _ $ 600,000.00 Fund Balances __________________ _ 7,594,659.92

ToTAL _______________________ _ $8,194,659.92

$1,945,331.66
$ 600,000.00 5,032,759.10 $5,632,759.10

FUND SURPLUS
Surplus Deficit_ ---------------- $4,575,800.70"* $5,435,833.35* Surplus Reserves ________________ _ 2,039,272.98 1,748,405.91

ToTAL _______________________ _ $2,536,527.72* $3,687.427.44*

*-Deficit.

106

Seventeenth Report, State Highway Board of Georgia

The fund surplus balance at the close of the fiscal year constitutes State funds and is exclusive of the available balance of unallotted Federal funds. The available Federal funds (representing funds against which contracts had not been let) on June 30, 1937, amounted to $9,386,350.53 and on June 30, 1938, amounted to $7,603,130.20.
In arriving at the available surplus or deficit balance at the close of a fiscal year provision is made not only for all actual liabilities, but also for contractual obligations not yet matured, including outstanding purchase orders, balance of specific allotments for State Force work, and surplus reserves. Consideration is given to amounts due from participating agencies only when corresponding contract is let and liability accrued. A surplus acts as an enhancement to the revenue for the succeeding year; whereas a deficit is forwarded to the succeeding year as an encumbrance.
Capital Account Position
Capital investments, liabilities and surplus are shown in a separate section of Exhibit "A" and are not considered in the current financial position. The capital account items as of June 30, 1938, are summarized as follows:

Description

June .30, 19;)8

CAPITAL INVESTMENTS
Land, Buildings and Equipment ____ _ Roads and Bridges
Construction Cost to Date __ _______ ___ _____ __

$ 1,819,487.64 187,701,333.08

Total Assets _____________ _

$189,520,820.72

CAPITAL LIABILITIES
Highway Refunding Certificates _________ _

$ 18,672,236.59

CAPITAL SuRPLus

Surplus Invested in Plant and Equipment_ _______ _ $ 1,819,487.64.

Surplus Invested in Highways ___________ _

] 69,029,096.49

Total Surplus __ _

$170,848,584.13

Total Liabilities and Surplus_____ _____ __ ___ _ $189,520,820.72
---------------
Fixed Assets, representing land, buildings and equipment, are appraised at the close of each fiscal year and their values adjusted through surplus invested in Plant and Equipment. Additions and replacements during the year are charged as outlay expenditures but capitalized at the close of the fiscal year and credited to surplus invested in Plant and Equipment.
Roads and Bridges, construction cost to date, represents total expenditures since the beginning of the State Highway Board of Georgia. During

Seventeenth Report, State Highway Board of Georgia.

107

the fiscal years ending June 30, 1937, and June 30, 1938, construction cost to date was increased in the amount of $33,410,791.84, as follows:

RoADS AND BRIDGEs CoNSTRUCTION
CosT TO JuNE 30, 1936 ________ _
Col\"sTRUCTION ExPENDITUREs
Fiocal Year Ended June 30. 1937 Fiscal Year Ended June 30: 19:38
RoADs Ai\'D BRIDGEs CoNSTRUCTIO'\
CosT To JuNE 30, 1938 _____________ _

$154,290,541.24
$ 13,320,556.26 20,090,235.58
$ 33,110,791.84
$187,701,333.08

W. & A. Warrants

W. &: A. Rental Warrants represent Western and Atlantic Railroad Rental Assignment Warrants, due monthly from January 1, 1941, to De cember 1, 1943, inclusive, and purchased at face value by the State High way Board of Georgia, in accordance with the provisions of an Act of the General Assembly of Georgia in 1931.

The Act provides that the Governor and the State Highway Board of

Georgia are authorized to sell the warrants to match regular Federal Aid

or any emergency fund which might be offered the State Highway Board

by the Federal Government.

In accordance with the provisions of the Act the W. & A. Rental War rants at face value of $1,620,000 owned by the State Highway Board of Georgia were discounted February 3, 1938, the net proceeds of said sale amounting to $1,374,408.

State of Georgia, Highway Department Refunding Certificates are in ac
cordance with the provisions of an Act of the General Assembly of Geor gia, approved March 1, 193;), and as amended by another Act approved March 22, 19;)3. These certificates are for the purpose of refunding to the

several counties of this state and the Coastal Highway District, funds ad-

vanced for construction of roads on the State Highway System, under the

supervi:;ion of the State Highway Department prior to September 1, 1931.

Ten per cent of the total amount was due and payable on March 25, 1936,

and each vear thereafter for ten vears. The certificates are transferable.

but non-in.Lerest bearing.

.

~

Outstanding Certificates
The total outstanding certificates on June 30, l 938, amounted to $18,672,236.59, as shown in Schedule No. 5.
Capital surplus which is a contra to capital investment accounts has been split into two accounts; namely, Surplus Invested in Plant and Equipment, $1,819,187.61, and Surplus Invested in Highways, $169,029,096.19. Capital surplus represents the amount from revenues invested in property and should not he confused with the current surplus, which is essentially a surplus of money, having to do with cash or with resources to become cash, such as accounts receivable and similar items.

108

Seventeenth Report, State Highway Board of Georgia

EXHIBIT "B"
RECO!'iCILIATION OF FuND SuRPLus
This exhibit reconciles the Fund Surplus at the beginning of the year with the Fund Surplus at the close of the year, and thereby reflects the Fund Revenue as accrued, Appropriations, Allotments, and Reserves.
EXHIBIT "C" A comparative summary with relative percentages as taken from Exhibit "C," of the Revenue Receipts for fiscal years ended June 30, 1937, and June 30, 1938, is presented as follows:

Y(ar Ended June 30, 1937

Per Cent To Total

Amount

Year Ended June 30, 1938

I Per Cent

To Total

Amount

REYEl'OlJE RECEIPTS
State Treasurer ~--- _____ _
Counties, Cities & Railroads Federal Government_ _____ _ l\Iiscellaneous Income ____ _

77.9371 '/r
00.0800 21.9797 00.0032

$13.892,189.40 14.256.38
3,917,847.84 567.14

64.9160'/r 00.0018 34.9439 00.1383

$13,924.560.09 378.76
7,495,512.57 29,679.45

ToTAL- ____ _

I I I 100.0000'/r $17.824.860.76 100.0000'/r $21,450.130.87

================~

State Funds

Revenue receipts from State funds arc entered on the records when credit is passed to the State Highway Board of Georgia by the State Auditor and not when the funds are remitted on executive warrant. This revenue therefore represents the pro-rata share of collections for the State Highway Board as made bv the State Treasurer :wd includes at all times the unremitted balance of State funds due to the State Highway Board of Georgia.

An analysis of State funds is as follows:

Description

Year Ended June 30, 1937

Motor Vehicle Fees

$ 1,573,529..57

Gasoline Taxes _______ ~ _______ _ 12,318,659.83

ToTAL __ _

- $] 3,892,189.10

Year Ended June 30, 1938
$ 1,392,939.49 12,.531,620.60
$13,924,560.09

Seventeenth Report, State Highway Board of Georgia.

109

Motor Vehicle Fees represent collections from motor vehicle license tags and common carrier mileage and license fees; as credited to the State Highway Board of Georgia. These credits reflect a decrease for the year ended in 1938, as compared with the year ended in 1937, of $180,590.08.
Gasoline Taxes represent the pro-rata share of collection for the State Highway Board under the Fuel Oil Tax Law. These credits reflect an increase for the year ended in 1938, as compared with the year ended in 1937, of $212,960.77.

Counties, Cities and Railroads
Revenue receipts from this source are analyzed as follows:

Description

Year Ended Year Ended June 30, 1937 June :30, 1938

Counties . _____________________________ Cities Railroads
ToTAL ______ _

$

256.59~

14,512.97
s 14,256.38

:;~ __
378.76 $378.76

*--Deficit.

Revenue receipts from Counties and Cities represent contributions in connection with construction work; whereas, receipts from railroads reflect participation in the elimination of grade crossings.

Federal Government
Revenue receipts from the Federal Government are analyzed as follm\-s:

Desc:ription

Year Ended June 30, 19:37

1\ational Recovery Vouchers _____ _

$1,30:3,100.17

Works Program Vouchers _____ _

] ,322,365.30

Highway Planning Vouchers ________ _

Other Federal Vouchers _ ________ _ 1,292,082.37

ToTAL

$3,917,847.84

Year Ended June 30, 1938
$ 808,824.00 3,86 7,436.20 217,736.00 2,601,516.37
$7,495,512.57

Federal funds allotted to the State Highway Board of Georgia are considered under revenue receipts only as expenditures on Federal projects are made and the corresponding reimbursement 'ouchers are forward(~d for collection to the Bureau of Public Roads.
Appropriations of Federal funds are recorded on the records as Estimated Revenue when notice of apportionment is received from the Bureau of Public Roads.

llO

Seventeenth Report, State Highway Board of Georgia

A reconciliation of unallotted balances, Federal funds, is as follows:

==c---~-=-----=~--~~------~-~-~---~-----.--

Description

Year Ended June 30, llJ37

Year Ended June 30, 1938

--~------------~----------

--~--------~----

UNALLOTTED BALANCE
Beginning of Year ______

$12,26.5,591).96 $ 9,386,350.53

FEDERAL APPORTIO!\MENTS
Federal Aid Funds _____ _ Federal Aid Secondary Funds Federal Aid Grade C~ossing Funds

3,168,222.00

3,233,279.00 9,699.00
1,223,099.00

TOTAL -- -----

$1.5,433,821.96 $13,852,427.5~~

Allotted to Projects___
UNALLOTTEO BALANCE
End of Year_

6,047,471.43

6,249,297.33

- - $ 9,386,350.53 $ 7,603,130.20

The unallotted balance is dropped at the close of the fiscal year with the elimination of unrealized estimated revenues. However, it is included and recorded in the sueceeding year as part of the estimated revenue for that year.
When eontracts are let the Federal funds specifically allotted to the projects are recorded as Construction Estimated Participation. Reimbursement vouchers are credited and the balances adjusted to actual participation upon completion of the projects.
A re('onciliation of the estimated participation aecounts, Federal funds, is as follows:

Description

Year Ended June 30, 1937

Year Ended June 30, 1938

-~~-~-

--------~---~--

--

---~~----

EsTIMATED PARTICIPATIOI'\
Beginning of Year

s :.>,35t,l63.2l $ 5,483,786.83

Allotted to Projects __

6,04-7,471.13

6,249,297.33

TOTAL.

_ :8 9,-t01,6:H.67 $11,733,081.16

Reimbursement Vouchers __
EsTIMATED PARTICIPATIOI'\
End of Year __

3,917,84-7.84
s .5.-183,786.83

7,49.5,512 ..57 $ 4,2:17,571.59

The estimated participation balances of June 30 are shown in Exhibit "A" as a deduction from contractual obligations on Federal projects. This reduces the contractual obligations to a net State liability.

Seventeenth Report, State Highu:ay Boarti of Georgia

111

Federal funds apportioned to the State Highway Board of Georgia since the beginning of the Department are as follows:

Regular __ ____________________________ $43,328,995.80

Federal Aid Secondary______________________

9,699.00

Federal Aid Grade Crossings_________________ 1,223,099.00

National Recovery, 193L___ ____ ____ ___

10,091,185.00

National Recovery, 1935 _ ______ _______ ____ 5,113,491.00

Works Program.

______________

9,884,916.00

Emergency Advance

________ _ __ ____ 2,077,996.00

Emergency _____ __________ _______ __________ 3,123,298.00

Flood Relief_____ ____ _ ___ ____ _____ _ 471,371.88

National Forestry___________________________ 114,659.62

$75,438,711.30

The Federal apportionment in the amount of $;3,168,222 for fiscal year ended June 30, 1939, has not been included in the foregoing figures.

Miscellaneous Income
Represents revenue receipts from sundry and miscellaneous sources in the amount of $567.14 for fiscal year 1937 and $29,679.45 for fiscal year 1938.

Expenditures

A comparative summary with relative percentages as taken from Exhibit "C," of the Expenditures for fiscal years ended June 30, 1937, and June 30, 1938, is presented as follows:

_-- --=====-=-=--~-=--==- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Year Ended

I

Year Ended

1une 30. 1937

June 30, 1938

Description

-----

Per CPnt

l'er Cent I

To Total

l Amount

To Total

Amount

------------------------------------

ExPENDITURES
Administration __________ _ Construction ____________ _ l\IaintPnance ____ --------Land, Building & Equipment Legislative Transfers ______ _ Redemption of
Refunding Certificates __ Highway Planning _______ _

01.7004(/r 70.8663 10.3835 02.7595 00.3066

$ 324.520.43 13,524,115.17 1,981,679.87 .526,657.03 58,510.29

13.9834 00.0003

2.668, 709.68 53.05

01.8572(;(
77.2789 07.1777 02.2827 00.3907

$ 492,855.61 20,507,767.09 1.904,763.33 605,775.37 10:3,669.56

10.0922 00.9206

2.678.197.31 244,306.09

ToTAL __ ____________ 100.0000(;( $19,084,846.121100.0000(/r 1 $26,537.334.41
====~~======~==~

112

Seventeenth Report, State Hig}zu;ay Boar,l oj Georgia

Comments upon the yarious expenditure classifications are next in order as they appear in the foregoing summary.

Administration

Administration is the function of management or direction and consists of the general planning, the establishing- of policies, the issuance of orders and instructions, and the control of the forces and work which they are doing, both in the general office and division offices.
Administration expenditures are analyzed as follows:

Description

-~~- -----------~--
Year Ended Year Ended June 30, 19:37 June 30, 19::\8

GENERAL ADMINISTRATION General Office ___ _ Division Offices __ _ Warehouse

- $207,272.64 45,m5.79 16,446.84

$302.267.04 72,151.90 22,673.93

TOTAL _________________ $268,755.27 $397,092.87

Research ___ __ _ ___ __ ___ _ __ _ ___ __ 1,725.25

3,149.07

Collection of Revenue ____ ___ ___ __ ___ 52,5S3.56

89,789.77

Quarry _____ _ ___ __ _

1,486.35

2,823.90

----------------
TOTAL- ---------------- - ---$324,520.43 $,192,855.61

=========================-=-=-============----~~-

The Administration cost for fiscal year 1937 expressed in percentag-e to
total expenditures is l.7004 /r and for the fiscal year 1938 the percentage
is l.85727r.

Detailed analysis of Administration expenditures may be found in Schedules No. 8-A and No. 10-A.

Construction

Construction expenditures are analyzed as follows:

==-=c--=-=....c========....c=-=-====-=-=-=-===-~=----'=-=-===-==-=-=--=--~----

Year Ended

Year Ended

Description

June 30, ] 937 June 30, 1938

SuRVEYS

Actual Surveys _____ _ __ _ _ __ ___ $ 83,236.09

Plans _______________________ _

120,92:).42

$ 230,508.54 187,022.97

ToTAL.___________ ___ _____ $ 204,159.51

s 417,531.51

CoNsTRUCTION
Supervision __________________ _ $ 670,952.94 Direct _______________________ _ 12,649,603.32

$ 1,145,446.30 18,944,789.28

ToTAL _____________________ _ $13,320,.5;)6.26 $20,090,235.58

TOTAL _____________________ _ $13,524,715.77 $20,507,767.09
=====================================----

Seventeenth Report, State Highuay Board of Georgia.

113

Survey expenditures represent a preliminary construction cost. The charges are presented to show the cost of actual surveys separate from the cost of plans prepared in the General Office.
Detailed analysis of Survey expenditures may be found in Schedules No. 8-B and No. 10-C.
Actual Construction expenditures are separated into two elasses; namely, Supervision Charges and Direct Charges.
Supervision is the function of engineering and inspection and consists of furnishing inspection while the work is in process, testing materials, preparing monthly statements and reports, and other operations of a i'trictly engineering nature.
Direct is the function of actual !milding costs for roads and bridges and consists of contractual payments, and in the case of work done by State forces, the furnishing of labor, materials, supplies, etc., used in the work.
Supervision cost for fiscal year 1937 as expressed in percentage to Construction direct expenditures is 5.30'1{ and for fisl~al 1938 the percentage is 6.05'A.
Construction allotments (representing estimated cost of work let to contract or begun by State forces) amounted to $18, ll1,085.57 for the fiscal year 1937 and $16,425,079.49 for the fiscal year 1938.
A summary of Conotruction balances, allotments and expenditures is as follows:

De~cription

Year Ended June 30, 1937

Gnexpended Balances, Beginning of
Year ______________________ _ S 7,719,102.20
Construction Allotments _____ __ __ 18,114,085..57

ToTAL _____________________ _ $25,833,187.77

Construction Expenditures ________ _ $13,320,556.26

Unliquidated Encumbrances ____

17,507.74

ToTAL_____________________ $13,338,064.00

Unexpended Balances, End of Year__ $12,495,12:3.77

Year Ended June 30, 1938
$12,495,12:3.77 16,42S,079.49
$28,920,2(t~.26
$20,090,23S.58 30,769.63
$20,121,005.21 $ 8,799,198.05

Detailed analysis of Construction expenditures may be found in Schedules No. 8-B, No. 10-B, No. 12 and No. 13.

114

Seventeenth Report, State Highuay Board of Georgia

Maintenance
Maintenance expenditures are analyzed as follows:

Description

Year Ended June 30, 1937

GENERAL

Supervision ___________ _

$ 67,44.5.67

Direct _________ ------- ------ 1,259,919.80

ToTAL ___________________ _ $ 1,327,365.47

RECONSTRUCTION

Supervision __________________ _ $ 4,0-1-5.45

Direct ___________________ -

650,268.95

ToTAL_________ ____ __ _____ _ $ 654,314.40

ToTAL _____________________ _ $ 1,981,679.87

-----
Year Ended June 30. 1938
$ 96,065.38 1,624,034.51
$ 1,720,099.89
$ 2,048.71 182.614.78
$ 184.663.49 $ 1,904,763.38

Maintenance disbursements are divided into two sub-activities; namely, General Maintenance and Reconstruction.
General Maintenance represents the ordinary or routine maintenance work; whereas, Reconstruction represents special maintenance work con sisting of extraordinary repairs, replacement or reconstruction. There is very little distinction between these two sub-activities as both reflect expenditures necessary in keeping each type of roadway, structures and facilities in a usable condition.
Maintenance expenditures are also separated as to supervision charges and direct charges. These two functions are the same as commented upon under Construction expenditures.
Detailed analysis of Maintenance expenditures may be found in Sched ules No. 8-C, No. 10-D, and No. 10-E.
Land, Buildings and Equipment
Land, Buildings and Equipment expenditures are as follows:

De~cription

Year Ended Year Ended June 30, 1937 June 30, 1938

Land Buildings ________ _ Equipment _______ _

___ $ 526,657.03

ToTAL ______________________ $ 526,657.03

$ 6,000.00 113,323.75 486.451.62
$ 605,775.37

Seventeenth Report, State Highway Board of Georgia,

115

Expenditures represent the purchase of additions and replacements and a detail analysis, classified as to detail object of expenditure and function to which assigned, may be found in Schedule No. 8-D.
Equipment purchases for Highway Planning are not included in above summary but are detailed elsewhere under separate heading.

Legislative Transfers Legislative transfers are analyzed as follows:

Description

Year Ended Year Ended June 30, 1937 June 30, 1938

Prison Farm Purchase ________

$ _______ _

Motor Vehicle License Tags__________ 58,510.29

ToTAL ____ _

$ 58,510.29

$ 62,542.73 41,126.83
$ 103,669.56

Expenditures classified as Prison Farm Purchase represent payments made in accordance with the provisions of an Act of the General Assembly in 1931. This Act made available the amount of $200,000.00 from any funds allocated to the State Highway Board of Georgia, for the