Georgia behavioral risk factor surveillance system 2014 report

The 2014 Georgia Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance Report
1

Acknowledgements

Georgia Department of Public Health
Health Protection
Epidemiology Program
Chronic Disease, Healthy Behaviors and Injury Epidemiology Section Healthy Behavior Team

Brenda Fitzgerald, MD Commissioner, State Health Officer
J. Patrick O'Neal, MD Director
Cherie L. Drenzek, DVM, MS State Epidemiologist
Rana Bayakly, MPH Director
Madhavi Vajani, MPH Team Lead

The Georgia Department of Public Health is grateful for the support and contribution of:
Abt SRBI Inc. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Residents of Georgia who agreed to participate in the survey

For more information on the Georgia Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, please contact:
BRFSS Coordinator Chronic Disease, Healthy Behaviors and Injury Epidemiology Section Epidemiology Program Division of Health Protection Georgia Department of Public Health 2 Peachtree Street, 14th Floor Atlanta, GA 30303-3142 404-657-2588 Madhavi.Vajani@dph.ga.gov
This report was made possible with funding from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Its contents do not necessarily represent the official view of the CDC.
Suggested citation Vajani M, Benson AB, Annor F, Bayakly RA, 2014 Georgia Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance Report. Georgia Department of Public Health Epidemiology Program. Chronic Disease, Healthy Behaviors and Injury Epidemiology Section. July 2015.

2

Georgia Public Health Districts

Dade

Catoosa Whitfield Murray

Fannin

Towns Union

Rabun

Walker

Chattooga

Gordon

U1-1

Floyd

Bartow

UGilmer
1-2 Pickens

UWhiteHabersham

Lumpkin 2

Stephens

Dawson Cherokee Forsyth

Hall Banks Franklin Hart

Jackson Madison Elbert

Polk
U U U Haralson UUU Carroll

Cobb Paulding
3-1

Gwinnett 3-4 Barrow

Clarke 10

Douglas 3-2 Fulton

3-5

Walton

DeKalbRockdale

3-3 Clayton Newton

Oconee Morgan

Oglethorpe Wilkes
Greene Taliaferro

Lincoln Columbia

Fayette

Henry

McDuffie

Heard

Coweta
U4

Troup Meriwether

Spalding Butts Jasper Putnam

Warren Hancock Glascock

Richmond

U Pike Lamar U Monroe

Baldwin Jones
5-2

Washington

6 Jefferson

Burke

Upson

Harris

Talbot

Bibb

Wilkinson

Crawford

Twiggs

Johnson

Jenkins

1-1 Northwest (Rome) 1-2 North Georgia (Dalton) 2 North (Gainesville) 3-1 Cobb-Douglas 3-2 Fulton 3-3 Clayton (Jonesboro) 3-4 East Metro (Lawrenceville) 3-5 Dekalb 4 LaGrange 5-1 South Central (Dublin) 5-2 North Central (Macon) 6 East Central (Augusta) 7 West Central (Columbus) 8-1 South (Valdosta) 8-2 Southwest (Albany) 9-1 Coastal (Savannah) 9-2 Southeast (Waycross) 10 Northeast (Athens)
Screven

U Muscogee

Taylor

ChattahoocheeMarion 7

Macon

Schley

Stewart Webster Sumter

Quitman

Peach

Emanuel

Houston Bleckley

Laurens Treutlen

Candler Bulloch

Dooly

Pulaski

U5-1
Dodge

Montgomery

Wheeler

Toombs

Evans

Tattnall

Crisp Wilcox

Telfair

Effingham Bryan Chatham

Randolph Terrell Lee

Turner

Ben Hill

Jeff Davis Appling

ULiberty
Long 9-1

Clay Calhoun

Dougherty

Worth

Irwin

Tift

Coffee

U Bacon 9-2

Wayne

McIntosh

Early

U Baker 8-2

Miller

Mitchell

Seminole Decatur

Grady

Colquitt

UBerrien
Cook 8-1

Atkinson

Lanier

Thomas Brooks Lowndes

Clinch

Pierce Brantley

Glynn

Ware

Charlton

Camden

Echols

3

Table of Contents
Table of Contents
Acknowledgements .................................................................................................................................................... 2 Georgia Public Health Districts.................................................................................................................................. 3 BRFSS Methodology ................................................................................................................................................. 5 Summary of Results ................................................................................................................................................... 6 Demographic Characteristics, State of Georgia ......................................................................................................... 7 Health Status Indicators
General Health ............................................................................................................................................. 8 No Health Care Coverage ............................................................................................................................ 9 Limited Health Care Access ...................................................................................................................... 10 No Annual Doctor's Visit .......................................................................................................................... 11 Disability.................................................................................................................................................... 12 Chronic Conditions Asthma ....................................................................................................................................................... 13 Diabetes ..................................................................................................................................................... 14 Heart Attack ............................................................................................................................................... 15 Stroke ......................................................................................................................................................... 16 Angina........................................................................................................................................................ 17 Obesity ....................................................................................................................................................... 18 Overweight ................................................................................................................................................ 19 Arthritis...................................................................................................................................................... 20 Risk Behaviors No Leisure-Time Physical Activity ........................................................................................................... 21 Seatbelt Use ............................................................................................................................................... 22 Smoking ..................................................................................................................................................... 23 Smokeless Tobacco.................................................................................................................................... 24 Binge Drinking .......................................................................................................................................... 25 Heavy Drinking.......................................................................................................................................... 26 One Drink Per Month................................................................................................................................. 27 Use of Equipment ..................................................................................................................................... 28 Clinical Preventive Practices Adult Immunizations ................................................................................................................................. 29 Breast Cancer Screening ............................................................................................................................ 30 Cervical Cancer Screening......................................................................................................................... 31 Colorectal Cancer Screening...................................................................................................................... 32 HIV Testing ............................................................................................................................................... 33 Shingles Immunization .............................................................................................................................. 34 Tetanus Immunization ............................................................................................................................... 35 HPV Immunization .................................................................................................................................... 36 Bibliography............................................................................................................................................................. 37
4

BRFSS Methodology
The Georgia Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) is a primary source of information on major chronic conditions, health risk behaviors, and the use of clinical preventive services among adult Georgians.
Sampling: Using list-assisted, random digit dialing, Georgia respondents were randomly selected from the non-institutionalized adult population aged 18 years and older from each household. Trained interviewers administered the questionnaire and participation was voluntary and anonymous. The sample excluded institutionalized individuals and households without telephones. Data came from both respondents who had landline telephones as well as those who mostly use cellular phones.1
Weighting: Iterative proportional fitting, or raking, methodology was used for the 2014 Georgia BRFSS. Raking is a repetitive post-stratification weighting technique used to match the marginal distributions of the survey sample to known population margins. An advantage of raked weighting technique is that it allows for adjustment of probability selection, telephone source (landline or cellular phone), race, ethnicity, education level, marital status, age by gender, gender by race/ethnicity, age by race/ethnicity, and renter/owner status. The goal is to improve sample representation by reducing respondent under-coverage and non-response biases.1
Data Analysis: SAS-callable SUDAAN was used for all data analysis to construct estimates and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Results were considered not "statistically different" if the 95% CI associated with the weighted percentages overlapped. A result was considered "statistically significant" (indicating a difference) if there was no overlap in the 95% CI of the percentages being compared. Prevalence estimates exclude those who either answered "don't know/not sure" or refused.
Comparing 2014 BRFSS data to previous years: Comparison between 2014 BRFSS data and years prior to 2011 is not recommended due to the significant changes in methodology. Beginning in 2011, methodological changes have improved the accuracy, coverage, validity, and representativeness of the BRFSS.1 Data from 2011, 2012, and subsequent BRFSS data can be used in trend analyses.
5

Summary of Results
Summary
Selected chronic conditions, risk behaviors, and clinical preventive services from the 2014 Georgia BRFSS are shown in the chart below in comparison with median prevalence from 2013 US national BRFSS data, which includes all 50 states, three territories, and Washington, D.C. 2014 US national BRFSS data is currently unavailable.
Selected Chronic Conditions and Risk Factors, US and GA BRFSS, 2013 and 2014

Ever Told Stroke Diabetes
Heart Attack Current Smoking Obesity (BMI >= 30)

2.8 3.3
9.8 11.6
4.4 4.5
19.0 17.4
28.9 30.5

No Flu Shot in Past Year (65+ Years Old)

No Health Care Coverage (18-64 Years Old) 0

20.0 25.0
20

40 Percent (%)

62.6 54.7
60

US Georgia

80

100

Stroke In 2014, 3.3% of Georgia adults had ever been diagnosed with stroke. This estimate was similar to the 2013 US estimate.
Diabetes In 2014, 11.6% of Georgia adults had physician diagnosed diabetes. This estimate is higher than the 2013 US median prevalence of 9.8%.
Heart Attack In 2014, 4.4% of Georgia adults had ever been told they have had a heart attack. This estimate is similar to the 2013 US median of 4.5%.
Tobacco Use In 2014, 17.4% of Georgia adults currently smoked cigarettes. This estimate is slightly lower than the 2013 US median prevalence of 19.0%. (HP 2020 Objective - Reduce tobacco use by adults to 12%)
Obesity In 2014, 30.5% of Georgia adults were obese. This estimate is slightly higher than the 2013 US median prevalence of 28.9%. (HP 2020 Objective - Reduce the proportion of adults who are obese to 30.5%)
Flu Vaccine in Past Year In 2014, 54.7% of Georgia adults aged 65 years and older received a flu vaccine in the past year. This estimate is lower than the 2013 US median estimate of 62.6%. (HP 2020 Objective - Increase the percentage of noninstitutionalized adults aged 65 years and older who are vaccinated annually against seasonal influenza to 90%)
No Health Insurance Coverage In 2014, 25.0% of Georgia adults did not have any form of health coverage, which exceeds the 2013 US median estimate of 20.0%. (HP 2020 Objective- Increase the proportion of persons with health insurance to 100%)
6

Demographic Characteristics
Demographics

In 2014, there were approximately 7,500,000 adults aged 18 years and older residing in the state of Georgia .2

Approximately 6,350 adults participated in the Georgia BRFSS survey statewide.
Georgia BRFSS respondents were 51.8% female and 48.2% male.
Georgians completing the survey were white non-Hispanic (56.9%), black non-Hispanic (29.4%) and 8.3% Hispanic. Distribution similar to Georgia population.
Approximately 25% of Georgia residents had an annual household income of $75,000 or more.
About 84% of the population had at least a high school diploma and 24.7% had at least a college degree.

Percent (%)

Distribution of Georgia Residents, by Sex, Georgia, 2014

100

80

60

48.2

51.8

40

20

0 Male

Female

Sex

Demographic Characteristics Sex Male Female Race/Ethnicity White Non-Hispanic Black Non-Hispanic Hispanic Age 18-24 yr 25-34 yr 35-44 yr 45-54 yr 55-64 yr 65+ yr Income Less than $15,000 $15,000-$24,999 $25,000-$34,999 $35,000-$49,999 $50,000-$74,999 $75,000 or More Education Less than High School High School Graduate Some College College Graduate Employment Employed Unemployed Retired

State Total

(N=6,350)

%

95% CI

48.2

(46.5, 50.0)

51.8

(50.1, 53.5)

56.9

(55.2, 58.7)

29.4

(27.8, 31.0)

8.3

(7.2, 9.6)

13.8

(12.4, 15.3)

18.0

(16.5, 19.6)

17.9

(16.5, 19.3)

18.3

(17.1, 19.5)

15.4

(14.4, 16.5)

16.7

(15.9, 17.6)

13.0

(11.7, 14.4)

21.2

(19.7, 22.9)

11.0

(9.9, 12.2)

13.3

(12.1, 14.6)

14.2

(13.0, 15.5)

27.3

(25.7, 28.8)

16.4

(14.9, 18.0)

29.3

(27.8, 30.9)

29.6

(28.1, 31.2)

24.7

(23.5, 26.0)

59.6

(58.0, 61.3)

24.8

(23.2, 26.4)

15.6

(14.8, 16.5)

Percent (%)

Distribution of Georgia Residents, by Level of Education, Georgia, 2014

100
80
60
40
16.4
20
0 Less than High School

29.3

29.6

24.7

High School Graduate

Some College

Level of Education

College Graduate

Percent (%)

Distribution of Georgia Residents, by Annual Household Income, Georgia, 2014

100

80

60

40

21.2

27.3

20

13.0

11.0

13.3

14.2

0 Less Than $15,000 - $25,000 - $35,000 - $50,000 - $75,000 or $15,000 $24,999 $34,999 $49,999 $74,999 More
Annual Income

Percent (%)

Distribution of Georgia Residents, by Age Group, Georgia, 2014

100

80

60

40

20

13.8

18

17.9

18.3

15.4

0 18-24 yr 25-34 yr 35-44 yr 45-54 yr 55-64 yr
Age Group

16.7
65+ yr

Percent (%)

Distribution of Georgia Residents, by Race/Ethnicity, Georgia, 2014

100
80
56.9
60
40
20
0 White Non-Hispanic

29.4
Black Non-Hispanic Race/Ethnicity

8.3
Hispanic

7

Health Status Indicators
General Health

Self-assessed health status is a measure of how individuals perceive their health rating (excellent, very good, good, fair, or poor). It is a useful indicator of health for a variety of populations and allows for general comparisons.

In 2014, 18.8% of Georgia adults reported that they perceive their health rating as fair or poor.
Adults aged 55 to 64 years (28.9%) were most likely to report fair or poor general health when compared to other age groups.
Adults with an annual household income less than $15,000 (39.4%) were more likely to report fair or poor general health when compared to adults with an annual household income greater than or equal to $15,000.
Adults without health insurance (22.8%) were significantly more likely to report fair or poor general health when compared to adults with health insurance (15.0%)

Percent (%)

Percent of Adults who reported Fair/Poor General Health, by Annual Household Income, Georgia, 2014

50

39.4

40

30.5

30

21.3

20

13.0

11.6

10

5.2

0

Less Than $15,000 - $25,000 - $35,000 - $50,000 - $75,000 or

$15,000 $24,999 $34,999 $49,999 $74,999

More

Annual Income

Percent (%)

Percent of Adults who reported Fair/Poor General Health, by Age Group, Georgia, 2014

50

40

28.9

30

22.2

20
8.8

12

13.1

10

0 18-24 yr 25-34 yr 35-44 yr 45-54 yr 55-64 yr

Age Group

27.9
65+ yr

The HP 2020 target for self-reporting of fair or poor

physical health is 20.2%.

General Health

Fair/Poor a

Demographic Characteristics

%

95% CI

State Totals

18.8

(17.5, 20.1)

Sex

Male

16.9

(15.1, 19.0)

Female

20.5

(18.8, 22.3)

Race/Ethnicity

White Non-Hispanic

17.6

(16.1, 19.2)

Black Non-Hispanic

20.6

(18.2, 23.3)

Hispanic

24.5

(18.5, 31.6)

Age

18-24 yr

8.8

(6.1, 12.5)

25-34 yr

12.0

(9.1, 15.8)

35-44 yr

13.1

(10.2, 16.7)

45-54 yr

22.2

(19.2, 25.5)

55-64 yr

28.9

(25.8, 32.2)

65+ yr

27.9

(25.5, 30.5)

Income

Less than $15,000

39.4

(34.1, 44.8)

$15,000-$24,999

30.5

(26.8, 34.5)

$25,000-$34,999

21.3

(17.3, 26.0)

$35,000-$49,999

13.0

(10.1, 16.5)

$50,000-$74,999

11.6

(9.0, 14.9)

$75,000 or More

5.2

(3.9, 6.7)

Education

Less than High School

38.8

(33.9, 44.0)

High School Graduate

20.6

(18.4, 23.1)

Some College

15.8

(13.8, 18.1)

College Graduate

7.0

(5.9, 8.4)

Health Insurance Coverage

Has Health Insurance

15.0

(13.6, 16.6)

No Health Insurance

22.8

(19.2, 26.7)

Employment

Employed

10.9

(9.4, 12.5)

Unemployed

34.1

(30.9, 37.5)

Retired

24.8

(22.3, 27.4)

a The proportion of adults who reported that their health, in general, was fair or poor.

Percent of Adults who reported Fair/Poor General Health, by Health District, Georgia, 2014

Percent (%)

Percent of Adults who reported Fair/Poor General Health, by Race/Ethnicity, Georgia, 2014

50

40

30

20.5

20

16.9

10

0 Male

Female

Race/Ethnicity

8

Health Status Indicators
No Health Care Coverage

Individuals without health Insurance coverage have decreased access to health care services and usually delay getting needed medical attention.3 Insurance coverage is an important factor in determining whether people will have access to services like screenings, treatment, and health education.4 Access to health care can be limited both by lack of health insurance and by

In 2014, 75.0% of Georgia adults aged 18-64 years reported that they have health care coverage.
Hispanics (60.2%) were significantly more likely not to have health Insurance coverage than white non-Hispanics (16.9%) and black non-Hispanics (26.7%).
Adults aged 55-64 years (14.2%) were significantly less likely not to have health Insurance coverage when compared to other age groups.
More than half of adults aged 18-64 years with an annual household income less than $15,000 (56.8%) did not have any form of health Insurance coverage.
Adults with less than a high school education (55.4%) were significantly more likely not to have health coverage when compared to high school graduates (27.1%), those with some college (21.0%), and college graduates (8.6%).

Percent (%)

Percent of Adults aged 18-64 years with No Health Care Coverage, by Race/Ethnicity, Georgia, 2014

100
80
60
40
16.9
20
0 White Non-Hispanic

26.7
Black Non-Hispanic Race/Ethnicity

60.2
Hispanic

Percent of Adults aged 18-64 years with No Health Care Coverage, by Annual Household Income, Georgia2014

The HP 2020 target for health care coverage among

adults is 100%.

No Health Care Coverage a

Demographic Characteristics

%

95% CI

State Totals

25.0

(23.1, 27.0)

Sex

Male

27.3

(24.4, 30.4)

Female

22.8

(20.5, 25.2)

Race/Ethnicity

White Non-Hispanic

16.9

(14.9, 19.0)

Black Non-Hispanic

26.7

(23.3, 30.5)

Hispanic

60.2

(52.5, 67.4)

Age

18-24 yr

29.8

(24.4, 35.8)

25-34 yr

36.8

(32.0, 41.8)

35-44 yr

24.0

(20.1, 28.3)

45-54 yr

19.9

(16.9, 23.4)

55-64 yr

14.2

(11.8, 17.0)

65+ yr

NA

NA

Income

Less than $15,000

56.8

(50.5, 62.9)

$15,000-$24,999

45.2

(40.1, 50.4)

$25,000-$34,999

23.6

(18.3, 29.9)

$35,000-$49,999

21.9

(17.1, 27.7)

$50,000-$74,999

9.3

(6.4, 13.1)

$75,000 or More

4.7

(3.3, 6.8)

Education

Less than High School

55.4

(48.9, 61.7)

High School Graduate

27.1

(23.9, 30.6)

Some College

21.0

(18.1, 24.2)

College Graduate

8.6

(6.9, 10.7)

Employment

Employed

23.5

(21.3, 25.8)

Unemployed

31.4

(27.6, 35.5)

Retired

8.0

(4.9, 12.7)

a The proportion 18-64 years old who have no health care coverage.

Percent (%)

100

80

56.8

60

45.2

40

23.6

21.9

20

9.3

4.7

0

Less Than $15,000 - $25,000 - $35,000 - $50,000 - $75,000 or

$15,000 $24,999 $34,999 $49,999 $74,999

More

Percent of Adults aged 18-64 years with No Health Care Insurance, by Health District, Georgia, 2014

Annual Income

Percent (%)

Percent of Adults aged 18-64 years with No Health Care Insurance, by Educaiton Level, Georgia, 2014

100 80
55.4
60 40 20
0 Less than High School

27.1
High School Graduate

21.0 8.6
Some College College Graduate

Educaiton Level
9

Health Status Indicators
Limited Health Care Access

Limited health care coverage is indicated as: (1) not having a personal doctor or health care provider; and, (2) having a time in the past year when one needed to see a doctor but could not due to cost. These indicators are very important to health care due to the fact that increases in access to primary care have been shown to significantly improve health-related outcomes.

In 2014, 28.5% of Georgia adults did not have a personal doctor or a heath care provider.
Males (34.7%) were significantly more likely not to have a personal doctor when compared to females (22.8%).
Hispanics (58.8%) were significantly more likely not to have a personal doctor when compared to black nonHispanics (30.2%) and white non-Hispanics (22.3%).
Adults without health insurance (65.7%) were significantly more likely not to have a personal doctor when compared to adults with health insurance (22.2%).
In 2014, 19.0% of Georgia adults could not visit a doctor due to costs within the past 12 months.
Hispanics (31.8%) and black non-Hispanics (24.4%) had higher rates of forgoing medical care due to cost when compared to white non-Hispanics (14.4%).
Adults with less than a high school education (33.9%) were significantly more likely to forgo medical care due to cost when compared with adults with higher education levels.
Adults without health insurance (44.9%) were significantly more likely to forgo medical care due to cost when compared to adults with health insurance (13.8%).

Percent (%)

Percent of Adults who have Limited Health Care Access, by Race/Ethnicity, Georgia, 2014

100

80

60

40

22.3

20

14.4

30.2 24.4

No Personal Doctor No Doctor's Visits 58.8
31.8

0 White Non-Hispanic

Black Non-Hispanic

Hispanic

Race/Ethnicity

The HP 2020 target for those without a usual primary care provider among adults is 16.1%.

No Personal Health Care Provider a

No Health Care Due to Cost b

Demographic

Characteristics

% 95% CI

% 95% CI

State Totals

28.5 (26.9, 30.3)

19.0 (17.6, 20.5)

Sex

Male

34.7 (32.1, 37.5)

15.8 (13.8, 18.1)

Female

22.8 (20.8, 24.9)

21.9 (20.0, 23.9)

Race/Ethnicity

White Non-Hispanic 22.3 (20.4, 24.2)

14.4 (12.9, 16.0)

Black Non-Hispanic

30.2 (26.9, 33.7)

24.4 (21.4, 27.6)

Hispanic

58.8 (51.2, 66.1)

31.8 (25.1, 39.4)

Age

18-24 yr

53.4 (47.5, 59.3)

19.5 (15.4, 24.4)

25-34 yr

48.8 (44.0, 53.6)

25.7 (21.5, 30.3)

35-44 yr

31.2 (27.0, 35.7)

22.4 (18.7, 26.5)

45-54 yr

20.4 (17.4, 23.8)

21.7 (18.7, 25.1)

55-64 yr

14.3 (11.8, 17.1)

17.8 (15.2, 20.7)

65+ yr

6.9

(5.6, 8.6)

6.2 (5.0, 7.7)

Income

Less than $15,000

44.1 (38.3, 50.0)

42.4 (36.8, 48.3)

$15,000-$24,999

37.4 (33.1, 42.0)

32.7 (28.8, 37.0)

$25,000-$34,999

30.5 (25.3, 36.2)

20.4 (16.3, 25.4)

$35,000-$49,999

26.9 (22.4, 31.9)

16.3 (12.7, 20.6)

$50,000-$74,999

22.9 (18.8, 27.7)

5.7 (3.9, 8.3)

$75,000 or More

16.0 (13.5, 18.9)

6.4 (4.8, 8.4)

Education

Less than High School 42.6 (37.1, 48.2)

33.9 (28.8, 39.3)

High School Graduate 31.1 (28.1, 34.2)

20.0 (17.6, 22.7)

Some College

27.8 (24.8, 31.0)

16.9 (14.7, 19.4)

College Graduate

17.5 (15.4, 19.8)

10.4 (8.8, 12.2)

Health Insurance

Coverage

Has Health Insurance 22.2 (20.3, 24.2)

13.8 (12.3, 15.4)

No Health Insurance 65.7 (61.4, 69.7)

44.9 (40.3, 49.5)

Employment

Employed

32.8 (30.5, 35.1)

18.7 (16.8, 20.7)

Unemployed

31.8 (28.2, 35.7)

27.7 (24.5, 31.2)

Retired

7.1

(5.6, 8.9)

5.7 (4.5, 7.3)

a The proportion of adults who reported that they did not have anyone that they thought of as

their personal doctor or health care provider b The proportion of adults who reported that they could not see a doctor when needed due to

cost within the past 12 months.

Percent (%)

Percent of Adults who have Limited Health Care Access, by Age Group, Georgia, 2014

100
80 60 53.4
40
19.5
20
0 18-24 yr

48.8 25.7
25-34 yr

31.2 22.4
35-44 yr

20.421.7
45-54 yr

No Personal Doctor No Doctor's Visit

14.317.8
55-64 yr

6.9 6.2
65+ yr

Age Group

Percent (%)

Percent of Adults who have Limited Health Care Access, by Health Insurance Status, Georgia, 2014

100

80

60

40

22.2

20

13.8

No Personal Doctor No Doctor's Visits 65.7
44.9

0 Has Health Coverage

No Health Coverage

Health Insurance

10

Health Status Indicators
No Annual Doctor's Visit

Annual doctor's visit serves as a preventive measure that can reduce risk factors for common chronic diseases. By having a visit every year, certain problems can be detected earlier when treatment might be more effective.

In 2014, 27.1% of Georgia adults reported that they have not visited a doctor for a routine checkup within the past 12 months.
Males (31.2%) were significantly more likely than females (23.4%) not to visit a doctor in the past year.
Hispanics (36.6%) were more likely not to visit a doctor in the past year when compared to white non-Hispanics (27.9%) and black non-Hispanics (21.9%).
Adults aged 65 years and older (9.1%) were significantly least likely to have not visited a doctor in the past year.
Adults with an income of $15,000 - $24,999 (32.5%) were the most likely to have not visited a doctor in the past year.
More than half of adults who do not have health insurance (53.9%) did not visit a doctor in the past year.

Percent (%)

Percent of Adults who had No Doctor's Visit Last Year, by Race/Ethnicity, Georgia, 2014

100

80

60

40

27.9

20

0 White Non-Hispanic

21.9
Black Non-Hispanic

36.6
Hispanic

Race/Ethnicity

Percent (%)

Percent of Adults who had No Doctor's Visit Last Year, by Age Group, Georgia, 2014

100

80

60
36.9
40

41.8

30.7

25.5

20.1

20

0 18-24 yr 25-34 yr 35-44 yr 45-54 yr 55-64 yr

Age Group

9.1
65+ yr

No Doctor's Visit a

Demographic Characteristics

%

95% CI

State Totals

27.1

(25.5, 28.8)

Sex

Male

31.2

(28.7, 33.9)

Female

23.4

(21.5, 25.4)

Race/Ethnicity

White Non-Hispanic

27.9

(26.0, 29.9)

Black Non-Hispanic

21.9

(19.0, 25.1)

Hispanic

36.6

(29.3, 44.7)

Age

18-24 yr

36.9

(31.3, 42.8)

25-34 yr

41.8

(37.0, 46.8)

35-44 yr

30.7

(26.6, 35.1)

45-54 yr

25.5

(22.3, 28.9)

55-64 yr

20.1

(17.4, 23.1)

65+ yr

9.1

(7.7, 10.8)

Income

Less than $15,000

30.7

(25.2, 36.8)

$15,000-$24,999

32.5

(28.5, 36.8)

$25,000-$34,999

29.1

(24.2, 34.5)

$35,000-$49,999

25.9

(21.5, 30.8)

$50,000-$74,999

22.0

(18.2, 26.5)

$75,000 or More

23.5

(20.7, 26.7)

Education

Less than High School

33.5

(28.2, 39.3)

High School Graduate

29.2

(26.3, 32.4)

Some College

24.7

(21.9, 27.7)

College Graduate

24.1

(21.8, 26.5)

Health Insurance Coverage

Has Health Insurance

23.6

(21.7, 25.6)

No Health Insurance

53.9

(49.2, 58.6)

Employment

Employed

31.2

(29.0, 33.5)

Unemployed

28.9

(25.4, 32.6)

Retired

9.0

(7.6, 10.8)

a The proportion of adults who reported that they did not have a

personal doctor.

Percent of Adults who reported having No Annual Doctor's Visit, by Health District, Georgia, 2014

Percent (%)

Percent of Adults who had No Doctor's Visit Last Year, by Health Coverage Status, Georgia, 2014

100

80
53.9
60

40

23.6

20

0 Has Health Coverage

No Health Coverage

Health Coverage

11

Health Status Indicators
Disability

Disability refers to limitations in activities due to physical, mental, or emotional problems or having health problems that require the use of special equipment. People with disabilities may lack access to health services and medical care.5

In 2014, 20.4% of Georgia adults reported being disabled in any way.
Hispanics (9.9%) were significantly less likely to be disabled when compared to white non-Hispanics (22.3%) and bla1c1k1n1o1n-Hispanics (21.0%).
Adults aged 65 years and older (31.1%) were the most likely to be disabled when compared to adults in other age groups.
Adults with an annual household income less than $15,000 (39.1%) were the most likely to be disabled when compared to adults in other income levels.
Adults with less than a high school education (31.1%) had a significantly higher prevalence of disability when compared to high school graduates (21.0%), adults with some college (20.0%) and college graduates (13.5%).

Percent (%)

Percent of Adults who reported being Disabled, by Race/Ethnicity, Georgia, 2014

100

80

60

40

22.3

20

0 White Non-Hispanic

21.0
Black Non-Hispanic

9.9
Hispanic

Race/Ethnicity

Percent (%)

Percent of Adults who reported being Disabled, by Annual Household Income, Georgia, 2014

100

80

60

39.1

40

28.6

23.3

20

15.7

13.6

9.8

0

Less Than $15,000 - $25,000 - $35,000 - $50,000 - $75,000 or

$15,000 $24,999 $34,999 $49,999 $74,999

More

Annual Income

Disability a

Demographic Characteristics

%

95% CI

State Totals

20.4

(19.1, 21.8)

Sex

Male

19.1

(17.1, 21.2)

Female

21.7

(20.0, 23.5)

Race/Ethnicity

White Non-Hispanic

22.3

(20.7, 24.0)

Black Non-Hispanic

21.0

(18.4, 24.0)

Hispanic

9.9

(6.5, 14.8)

Age

18-24 yr

6.4

(4.1, 9.8)

25-34 yr

12.6

(9.5, 16.6)

35-44 yr

15.9

(12.8, 19.5)

45-54 yr

24.7

(21.6, 28.2)

55-64 yr

30.4

(27.2, 33.7)

65+ yr

31.1

(28.7, 33.7)

Income

Less than $15,000

39.1

(33.7, 44.7)

$15,000-$24,999

28.6

(25.1, 32.4)

$25,000-$34,999

23.3

(19.2, 28.0)

$35,000-$49,999

15.7

(12.6, 19.4)

$50,000-$74,999

13.6

(11.0, 16.8)

$75,000 or More

9.8

(8.2, 11.7)

Education

Less than High School

31.1

(26.4, 36.2)

High School Graduate

21.0

(18.7, 23.5)

Some College

20.0

(17.7, 22.4)

College Graduate

13.5

(11.9, 15.2)

Health Insurance Coverage

Has Health Insurance

17.9

(16.4, 19.6)

No Health Insurance

19.2

(15.9, 23.1)

Employment

Employed

9.7

(8.4, 11.1)

Unemployed

39.3

(35.8, 42.9)

Retired

30.4

(27.8, 33.2)

a The proportion of adults who reported being limited in any activities

due to physical, mental, or emotional problems.

Percent of Adults who reported being Disabled, by Health District, Georgia, 2014

Percent (%)

Percent of Adults who reported being Disabled, by Educaiton Level, Georgia, 2014

100

80

60

40

31.1

20

21.0

20.0

13.5

0 Less than High School

High School Graduate

Some College College Graduate

Educaiton Level

12

Chronic Conditions
Asthma

Asthma is a lifelong disease that causes wheezing, breathlessness, chest tightness, and coughing.6 Most people with asthma can

control their symptoms and prevent asthma attacks by avoiding asthma triggers and correctly using prescribed medicines.

Lifetime Asthma a

Current Asthma b

Demographic

In 2014, 13.8% of Georgia adults reported ever having

Characteristics

%

95% CI

% 95% CI

asthma and 8.3% currently have asthma.

State Totals Sex

13.8 (12.7, 15.1)

8.3 (7.4, 9.3)

Male

11.4 (9.7, 13.3)

5.3 (4.2, 6.6)

Adult females were significantly more likely than males to

Female Race/Ethnicity

16.1 (14.5, 17.8)

11.1 (9.8, 12.5)

have ever had asthma (16.1% vs. 11.4%) and to currently have asthma (11.1% vs. 5.3%). White non-Hispanics (8.2%) and black non-Hispanics

White Non-Hispanic Black Non-Hispanic Hispanic Age

14.2 (12.7, 15.8) 14.3 (12.1, 16.8) 9.7 (5.9, 15.4)

8.2 (7.1, 9.4) 9.4 (7.7, 11.5) 4.0 (2.2, 7.1)

(9.4%) were more likely to currently have asthma when compared to Hispanics (4.0%).

18-24 yr 25-34 yr 35-44 yr

20.4 (16.1, 25.5) 14.1 (11.2, 17.8) 13.4 (10.7, 16.8)

9.9 (6.9, 14.0) 6.6 (4.7, 9.2) 7.7 (5.6, 10.4)

Adults with a household income of less than $15,000 were

45-54 yr

11.8 (9.5, 14.5)

7.8 (6.1, 10.1)

the most likely to ever had asthma (18.5%) and to currently have asthma (14.8%).

55-64 yr 65+ yr Income

13.0 (10.9, 15.3) 11.7 (10.1, 13.5)

9.5 (7.7, 11.6) 8.8 (7.3, 10.4)

Less than $15,000

18.5 (14.8, 22.9)

14.8 (11.5, 18.9)

$15,000-$24,999

18.3 (15.2, 21.8)

10.7 (8.6, 13.4)

Percent of Adults who have had Asthma, by Gender, Georgia, 2014

$25,000-$34,999 $35,000-$49,999 $50,000-$74,999

12.8 (9.5, 16.9) 11.0 (8.2, 14.6) 11.2 (8.5, 14.6)

7.8 (5.4, 11.1) 5.1 (3.4, 7.5) 6.8 (4.8, 9.6)

Percent (%)

50

40

30

20

11.4

Lifetime Asthma Current Asthma
16.1 11.1

$75,000 or More

12.8 (10.5, 15.6)

Education

Less than High School 15.6 (12.3, 19.7)

High School Graduate 12.8 (10.9, 15.1)

Some College

16.2 (13.8, 18.8)

6.7 (5.1, 8.8)
10.2 (7.7, 13.3) 8.3 (6.8, 10.1) 8.9 (7.1, 11.0)

10

5.3

College Graduate

11.2 (9.6, 12.9)

6.4 (5.2, 7.8)

0

Male

Gender

Female

Health Insurance Coverage Has Health Insurance

13.9 (12.4, 15.5)

8.2 (7.1, 9.5)

No Health Insurance 15.1 (12.3, 18.5)

8.0 (6.0, 10.5)

Employment

Employed

12.0 (10.5, 13.7)

5.6 (4.6, 6.7)

Percent of Adults who have had Asthma, by Race/Ethnicity, Georgia, 2014

Unemployed Retired

19.7 (16.9, 22.8) 11.6 (9.9, 13.6)

14.6 (12.3, 17.4) 8.6 (7.1, 10.3)

50

a The proportion of adults who reported that they were ever told by a

Lifetime Asthma

doctor, nurse, or other health care professional that they had asthma.

40

Current Asthma

b The proportion of adults who reported that they still had asthma.

30

Percent (%)

20

14.2

8.2
10

0 White Non-Hispanic

14.3 9.4
Black Non-Hispanic

9.7 4.0
Hispanic

Percent of Adults who currently have Asthma, by Health District, Georgia, 2014

Race/Ethnicity

Percent (%)

Percent of Adults who have had Asthma, by Annual Household Income, Georgia2014

50

Lifetime Asthma

40

Current Asthma

30

18.5

18.3

20

12.8

11.0

11.2

12.8

10

0

Less Than $15,000 - $25,000 - $35,000 - $50,000 - $75,000 or

$15,000 $24,999 $34,999 $49,999 $74,999

More

Annual Income

13

Chronic Conditions
Diabetes

Diabetes is a chronic disease where the body is unable to process glucose, causing blood glucose levels to be higher than normal. Diabetes is the seventh leading cause of death in the United States and the sixth in Georgia, increasing the risk for heart disease, stroke, high blood pressure, blindness, kidney disease, amputations, nerve problems, dental disease, and infections.7

In 2014, 11.6% of Georgia adults reported ever being diagnosed with diabetes by a health care professional.
Black non-Hispanics (14.4%) were significantly more likely to have ever been diagnosed with diabetes than Hispanics (6.1%).
The prevalence of diabetes was highest among adults aged 65 years and older (25.9%).
Adults with a household income of less than $15,000 (19.9%) were the most likely to ever have diabetes compared with adults from other income levels.
Adults with less than a high school education (16.2%) were significantly more likely to ever have diabetes when compared to college graduates (7.2%).

Percent (%)

Percent of Adults Diagnosed with Diabetes, by Race/Ethnicity, Georgia, 2014

30

25

20

15

10.9

10

5

0 White Non-Hispanic

14.4
Black Non-Hispanic Race/Ethnicity

6.1
Hispanic

Percent (%)

Percent of Adults Diagnosed with Diabetes, by Age Group, Georgia, 2014

30

25

20.3

20

14.8

15

10

5.9

5

0.8

1.3

0 18-24 yr

25-34 yr

35-44 yr

45-54 yr

55-64 yr

Age Group

25.9
65+ yr

Diabetes a

Demographic Characteristics

%

95% CI

State Totals

11.6

(10.7, 12.5)

Sex Male Female

11.6

(10.2, 13.2)

11.5

(10.4, 12.7)

Race/Ethnicity White Non-Hispanic Black Non-Hispanic Hispanic

10.9

(9.8, 12.0)

14.4

(12.4, 16.5)

6.1

(3.7, 9.8)

Age 18-24 yr 25-34 yr 35-44 yr 45-54 yr 55-64 yr 65+ yr

0.8

(0.3, 2.4)

1.3

(0.6, 2.8)

5.9

(3.9, 8.8)

14.8

(12.3, 17.8)

20.3

(17.7, 23.2)

25.9

(23.6, 28.3)

Income Less than $15,000 $15,000-$24,999 $25,000-$34,999 $35,000-$49,999 $50,000-$74,999 $75,000 or More

19.9

(16.1, 24.3)

13.5

(11.2, 16.0)

11.3

(8.7, 14.7)

10.2

(8.2, 12.6)

9.1

(7.0, 11.8)

7.9

(6.3, 9.8)

Education Less than High School High School Graduate Some College College Graduate

16.2

(13.2, 19.8)

12.0

(10.4, 13.8)

12.1

(10.4, 14.0)

7.2

(6.2, 8.4)

Health Insurance Coverage Has Health Insurance No Health Insurance

9.3

(8.2, 10.5)

6.8

(5.0, 9.3)

Employment

Employed

7.0

(5.9, 8.1)

Unemployed

14.5

(12.5, 16.9)

Retired

24.1

(21.7, 26.7)

a The proportion of adults who have physician-diagnosed diabetes.

Adults with prediabetes or diabetes only during pregnancy are not

considered to have diagnosis of diabetes.

Percent of Adults Diagnosed with Diabetes, by Health District, Georgia, 2014

Percent (%)

Percent of Adults Diagnosed with Diabetes, by Education Level, Georgia, 2014

30

25

20

16.2

15

10

5

0

Less than High

School

12.0

12.1

7.2

High School Graduate

Some College

Education Level

College Graduate

14

Chronic Conditions
Heart Attack
Heart attack, also called myocardial infarction, occurs when blood flow to a section of the heart muscle becomes blocked. Risk factors for heart attack include high blood cholesterol levels, high blood pressure, smoking, lack of physical activity and obesity.8

In 2014, 4.5% of Georgia adults had ever been told that they have had a heart attack.
Adult males (5.5%) were more likely to have had a heart attack when compared to females (3.5%).
Adults aged 65 years or older (11.8%) were more likely to have had a heart attack when compared to other age groups.
Adults with a household income of less than $15,000 (7.2%) were the most likely to have had a heart attack.

Percent (%)

Percent of Adults who have had a Heart Attack, by Race/Ethnicity, Georgia, 2014
15

10
4.9
5
0 White Non-Hispanic

4.7
Black Non-Hispanic Race/Ethnicity

0.4
Hispanic

Percent (%)

Percent of Adults who have had a Heart Attack, by Age Group, Georgia, 2014

15
11.8

10

8.7

5
0.0
0 18-24 yr

0.5
25-34 yr

4.6 1.3
35-44 yr 45-54 yr Age Group

55-64 yr

65+ yr

Heart Attack a

Demographic Characteristics

% 95% CI

State Totals

4.5

(3.9, 5.2)

Sex

Male

5.5

(4.6, 6.7)

Female

3.5

(2.8, 4.3)

Race/Ethnicity

White Non-Hispanic

4.9

(4.2, 5.7)

Black Non-Hispanic

4.7

(3.5, 6.3)

Hispanic

0.4

(0.1, 1.0)

Age

18-24 yr

0.0

NA

25-34 yr

0.5

(0.1, 3.7)

35-44 yr

1.3

(0.6, 2.8)

45-54 yr

4.6

(3.1, 6.6)

55-64 yr

8.7

(6.7, 11.4)

65+ yr

11.8

(10.2, 13.7)

Income

Less than $15,000

7.2

(5.0, 10.1)

$15,000-$24,999

6.1

(4.5, 8.1)

$25,000-$34,999

6.0

(3.9, 9.2)

$35,000-$49,999

2.7

(1.7, 4.3)

$50,000-$74,999

3.1

(1.9, 5.0)

$75,000 or More

2.3

(1.6, 3.3)

Education

Less than High School

9.5

(7.1, 12.6)

High School Graduate

4.3

(3.4, 5.4)

Some College

3.7

(2.8, 5.0)

College Graduate

2.2

(1.7, 2.9)

Health Insurance Coverage

Has Health Insurance

2.8

(2.2, 3.6)

No Health Insurance

3.6

(2.3, 5.6)

Employment

Employed

1.5

(1.1, 2.1)

Unemployed

6.3

(4.8, 8.2)

Retired

12.6

(10.5, 15.0)

a The proportion of adults who had ever been told by a health

professional that they had a heart attack of myocardial infarction.

Percent of Adults who have had a Heart Attack, by Health District, Georgia, 2014

Percent (%)

Percent of Adults who have had a Heart Attack, by Annual Household Income, Georgia, 2014
15

10

7.2

6.1

6.0

5

2.7

3.1

2.3

0

Less Than $15,000 - $25,000 - $35,000 - $50,000 - $75,000 or

$15,000 $24,999 $34,999 $49,999 $74,999

More

Annual Income

15

Chronic Conditions
Stroke

Stroke is the result of a blocked artery or a ruptured artery that prevents blood flow to the brain. Stroke is the fourth leading cause of death in the United States and the fifth in Georgia, and can cause significant disability, such as paralysis, speech difficulties, and emotional problems.9

In 2014, 3.3% of Georgia adults reported ever being told by a health professional that they had a stroke.
Hispanics (0.9%) were significantly least likely to have ever had a stroke when compared to black non-Hispanics (4.2%) and white non-Hispanics (3.3%).
Adults of age 65 years or older (8.7%) were significantly most likely to have ever had a stroke.
Adults with household income less than $15,000 (6.3%) were most likely to have ever had a stroke.
Adults with less than a high school education (6.5%) were most likely to have ever had a stroke when compared to high school graduates (3.7%), those with some college (2.6%), and college graduates (1.5%).

Percent of Adults who have ever had Stroke, by Race/Ethnicity, Georgia, 2014
15

Percent (%)

10

5

3.3

0 White Non-Hispanic

4.2
Black Non-Hispanic Race/Ethnicity

0.9
Hispanic

Percent (%)

Percent of Adults who ever had Stroke, by Age Group, Georgia, 2014
15

10

4.6

4.5

5

1.5

0.0

0.5

0

18-24 yr 25-34 yr 35-44 yr 45-54 yr 55-64 yr

Age Group

8.7
65+ yr

Stroke a

Demographic Characteristics

%

95% CI

State Totals

3.3

(2.8, 3.9)

Sex

Male

3.2

(2.5, 4.1)

Female

3.4

(2.8, 4.2)

Race/Ethnicity

White Non-Hispanic

3.3

(2.8, 4.0)

Black Non-Hispanic

4.2

(3.2, 5.6)

Hispanic

0.9

(0.1, 5.3)

Age

18-24 yr

0.0

NA

25-34 yr

0.5

(0.2, 1.7)

35-44 yr

1.5

(0.8, 3.1)

45-54 yr

4.6

(3.2, 6.6)

55-64 yr

4.5

(3.3, 6.1)

65+ yr

8.7

(7.1, 10.5)

Income

Less than $15,000

6.3

(4.5, 8.8)

$15,000-$24,999

5.2

(3.7, 7.1)

$25,000-$34,999

4.1

(2.6, 6.5)

$35,000-$49,999

1.6

(0.9, 3.0)

$50,000-$74,999

1.5

(0.8, 2.7)

$75,000 or More

1.2

(0.7, 1.8)

Education

Less than High School

6.5

(4.8, 8.8)

High School Graduate

3.7

(2.7, 4.9)

Some College

2.6

(2.0, 3.5)

College Graduate

1.5

(1.1, 2.2)

Health Insurance Coverage

Has Health Insurance

2.3

(1.7, 2.9)

No Health Insurance

2.3

(1.4, 3.8)

Employment

Employed

1.1

(0.7, 1.6)

Unemployed

6.1

(4.8, 7.8)

Retired

7.3

(5.8, 9.1)

aThe proportion of adults who have ever been told by a health

professional that they had a stroke.

Percent of Adults who have ever had a Stroke, by Health District, Georgia, 2014

Percent (%)

Percent of Adults who ever had Stroke, by Education Level, Georgia, 2014
15

10
6.5
5
0 Less than High School

3.7 2.6 1.5

High School Graduate

Some College

Education Level

College Graduate

16

Chronic Conditions
Angina

Angina is chest pain or discomfort that occurs when the heart muscle is not getting enough blood. Angina may feel like pressure or a squeezing pain in the chest. The pain may also occur in the shoulders, arms, neck, jaw, or back, and it may feel like indigestion.10

In 2014, 4.1% of Georgia adults reported ever being told by a health professional that they have angina or coronary heart disease.
Adult males (4.6%) were more likely to have had angina when compared to adult females (3.6%).
Hispanics (1.7%) were least likely to have had angina when compared to black non-Hispanics (2.8%) and white non-Hispanics (5.3%).
Adults aged 65 years and older were most likely to have had angina (12.1%) when compared to other age groups.

Percent (%)

Percent of Adults who have ever had Angina, by Race/Ethnicity, Georgia, 2014
15

10
5.3
5
0 White Non-Hispanic

2.8
Black Non-Hispanic Race/Ethnicity

1.7
Hispanic

Percent of Adults who ever had Angina, by Age Group, Georgia, 2014
15
12.1
10

Angina a

Demographic Characteristics

%

95% CI

State Totals

4.1

(3.6, 4.7)

Sex

Male

4.6

(3.8, 5.6)

Female

3.6

(3.1, 4.4)

Race/Ethnicity

White Non-Hispanic

5.3

(4.6, 6.1)

Black Non-Hispanic

2.8

(2.0, 3.8)

Hispanic

1.7

(0.5, 5.3)

Age

18-24 yr

0.3

(0.0, 2.1)

25-34 yr

0.4

(0.1, 2.8)

35-44 yr

1.7

(0.8, 3.4)

45-54 yr

4.0

(2.8, 5.7)

55-64 yr

6.0

(4.6, 7.8)

65+ yr

12.1

(10.5, 13.9)

Income

Less than $15,000

4.1

(2.9, 5.9)

$15,000-$24,999

6.5

(5.0, 8.4)

$25,000-$34,999

5.7

(4.0, 8.1)

$35,000-$49,999

2.6

(1.8, 4.0)

$50,000-$74,999

4.4

(2.9, 6.8)

$75,000 or More

2.7

(1.9, 3.7)

Education

Less than High School

6.1

(4.4, 8.4)

High School Graduate

4.0

(3.1, 5.0)

Some College

4.0

(3.1, 5.1)

College Graduate

3.0

(2.4, 3.9)

Health Insurance Coverage

Has Health Insurance

2.5

(2.0, 3.2)

No Health Insurance

2.3

(1.4, 3.9)

Employment

Employed

1.9

(1.4, 2.5)

Unemployed

5.1

(4.0, 6.4)

Retired

11.3

(9.6, 13.3)

a The proportion of adults who had ever been told by a health

professional that they had angina or coronary heart disease.

Percent (%)

6.0

5

4.0

1.7

0.3

0.4

0 18-24 yr

25-34 yr

35-44 yr

45-54 yr

55-64 yr

65+ yr

Percent of Adults who have ever had Angina, by Health District, Georgia, 2014

Age Group

Percent (%)

Percent of Adults who have ever had Angina, by Health Insurance Coverage Status, Georgia, 2014
15

10

5

2.5

2.3

0 Has Health Coverage

No Health Coverage

Health Insurance

17

Chronic Conditions
Obesity

Obesity is defined as having a body mass index (BMI) greater than or equal to 30.0 kg/m2. Obesity increases the risk of developing high blood pressure, diabetes, coronary heart disease, stroke, high cholesterol, gallbladder disease and some types of cancers.11

In 2014, 30.5% of Georgia adults were obese.
Adult females (32.4%) were more likely to be obese than males (28.5%).
Black non-Hispanics (37.9%) were significantly more likely to be obese when compared to white non-Hispanics (28.8%).
Adults with an age of 18-24 years (17.3%) were least likely to be obese when compared to adults of age 25 or older.
Adults who are college graduates (25.5%) were significantly least likely to be obese when compared to any other education category.

Percent (%)

Percent of Adults who were Obese, by Gender, Georgia, 2014
100

80

60

40

28.5

32.4

20

0 Male

Female

Gender

Percent (%)

Percent of Adults who were Obese, by Race/Ethnicity, Georgia, 2014
100

80

60

37.9

40

28.8

23.1

20

0 White Non-Hispanic

Black Non-Hispanic

Hispanic

Race/Ethnicity

The HP 2020 target for obesity among adults is 30.5%.

Obese a

Demographic Characteristics

%

95% CI

State Totals

30.5

(28.9, 32.1)

Sex

Male

28.5

(26.2, 31.0)

Female

32.4

(30.4, 34.6)

Race/Ethnicity

White Non-Hispanic

28.8

(27.0, 30.8)

Black Non-Hispanic

37.9

(34.6, 41.3)

Hispanic

23.1

(16.9, 30.7)

Age

18-24 yr

17.3

(13.2, 22.3)

25-34 yr

29.3

(25.0, 34.1)

35-44 yr

33.2

(29.0, 37.7)

45-54 yr

36.3

(32.8, 40.0)

55-64 yr

35.5

(32.2, 39.0)

65+ yr

29.5

(27.0, 32.0)

Income

Less than $15,000

40.1

(34.5, 45.9)

$15,000-$24,999

31.9

(28.0, 36.0)

$25,000-$34,999

33.8

(28.8, 39.1)

$35,000-$49,999

34.2

(29.6, 39.2)

$50,000-$74,999

30.8

(26.6, 35.3)

$75,000 or More

24.0

(21.3, 26.8)

Education

Less than High School

37.9

(32.7, 43.4)

High School Graduate

30.7

(27.8, 33.7)

Some College

30.8

(27.9, 33.9)

College Graduate

25.5

(23.2, 27.9)

Health Insurance Coverage

Has Health Insurance

30.8

(28.8, 32.9)

No Health Insurance

30.8

(26.6, 35.4)

Employment

Employed

29.4

(27.3, 31.6)

Unemployed

33.4

(30.0, 37.0)

Retired

30.1

(27.4, 33.1)

a The proportion of adults whose BMI was greater than or equal to 30.0 kg/m2.

Note: Body mass index, BMI, is defined as weight (kg) divided by

height (m) squared.

Percent of Adults who were Obese, by Health District, Georgia, 2014

Percent (%)

Percent of Adults who were Obese, by Education Level, Georgia, 2014

100
80
60
37.9
40
20
0 Less than High School

30.7

30.8

25.5

High School Graduate

Some College

Education Level

College Graduate

18

Chronic Conditions
Overweight

Overweight is defined as having a body mass index (BMI) between 25.0 and 29.9 kg/m2. Being overweight increases poor health outcomes such as coronary heart disease, type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure, stroke, liver and gallbladder disease, and cancer.12

In 2014, 35.2% of Georgia adults were overweight.
Adult males (42.1%) were significantly more likely to be overweight than females (28.4%).
Hispanics (40.8%) were least likely to be overweight when compared to white non-Hispanics (34.9%) and black nonHispanics (33.3%).
Adults of 18-24 years (28.1%) were significantly least likely to be overweight compared to adults of age 25 or older.
Adults with an annual income of $75,000 or more (39.4%) were most likely to be overweight compared to adults from any other annual household income category.

Percent (%)

Percent of Adults who were Overweight, by Gender, Georgia, 2014

100

80

60

42.1

40

20

0 Male

28.4
Female

Gender

Percent (%)

Percent of Adults who were Overweight, by Annual Household Income, Georgia, 2014

100

80

60

40

28.6

34.6

36.8

33.0

35.9

39.4

20

0

Less Than $15,000 - $25,000 - $35,000 - $50,000 - $75,000 or

$15,000 $24,999 $34,999 $49,999 $74,999

More

Annual Income

The HP 2020 target for adults who are at a healthy

weight is 33.9%.

Overweight a

Demographic Characteristics

%

95% CI

State Totals

35.2

(33.5, 36.9)

Sex

Male

42.1

(39.5, 44.8)

Female

28.4

(26.5, 30.5)

Race/Ethnicity

White Non-Hispanic

34.9

(32.9, 36.9)

Black Non-Hispanic

33.3

(30.1, 36.5)

Hispanic

40.8

(32.9, 49.3)

Age

18-24 yr

28.1

(22.9, 34.0)

25-34 yr

31.2

(26.7, 36.0)

35-44 yr

37.4

(33.0, 42.0)

45-54 yr

36.4

(32.8, 40.2)

55-64 yr

37.5

(34.2, 41.0)

65+ yr

39.3

(36.6, 41.9)

Income

Less than $15,000

28.6

(23.8, 33.9)

$15,000-$24,999

34.6

(30.4, 39.0)

$25,000-$34,999

36.8

(31.5, 42.4)

$35,000-$49,999

33.0

(28.4, 38.0)

$50,000-$74,999

35.9

(31.5, 40.5)

$75,000 or More

39.4

(36.2, 42.6)

Education

Less than High School

33.4

(28.2, 39.1)

High School Graduate

34.8

(31.7, 37.9)

Some College

35.3

(32.2, 38.5)

College Graduate

36.5

(34.0, 39.2)

Health Insurance Coverage

Has Health Insurance

35.1

(33.0, 37.3)

No Health Insurance

32.4

(28.0, 37.2)

Employment

Employed

36.9

(34.6, 39.2)

Unemployed

28.6

(25.2, 32.3)

Retired

39.0

(36.2, 42.0)

a The proportion of adults whose BMI was between 25.0 and 29.9

kg/m2 .

Note: Body mass index, BMI, is defined as weight (kg) divided by

height (m) squared.

Percent of Adults who were Overweight, by Health District, Georgia, 2014

Percent (%)

Percent of Adults who were Overweight, by Age Group, Georgia, 2014

100

80

60

40

28.1

31.2

37.4

36.4

37.5

20

0 18-24 yr

25-34 yr

35-44 yr

45-54 yr

55-64 yr

Age Group

39.3
65+ yr

19

Chronic Conditions
Arthritis

Arthritis refers to rheumatic conditions that cause pain in and around joints and connective tissues. This pain can develop over time or can occur suddenly. Arthritis pain can be relieved by engaging in frequent physical activity.33

In 2014, 25.2% of Georgia adults had arthritis.
Adult females (28.6%) were significantly more likely to have arthritis than males (21.6%).
Hispanics (8.1%) were significantly least likely to have arthritis when compared to white non-Hispanics (28.9%) and black non-Hispanics (24.3%).
Adults aged 65 years and older (54.2%) were significantly more likely to have arthritis when compared to other age groups.
Adults with an annual income of less than $15,000 (37.8%) were significantly most likely to have arthritis when compared to adults from any other annual household income category.

Percent (%)

Percent of Adults who had Arthritis, by Gender, Georgia, 2014

100

80

60

40

28.6

21.6

20

0 Male

Female

Gender

Percent of Adults who had Arthritis, by Age Group, Georgia, 2014

Demographic Characteristics State Totals Sex Male Female Race/Ethnicity White Non-Hispanic Black Non-Hispanic Hispanic Age 18-24 yr 25-34 yr 35-44 yr 45-54 yr 55-64 yr 65+ yr Income Less than $15,000 $15,000-$24,999 $25,000-$34,999 $35,000-$49,999 $50,000-$74,999 $75,000 or More Education Less than High School High School Graduate Some College College Graduate Health Insurance Coverage Has Health Insurance No Health Insurance Employment Employed Unemployed Retired

Arthritis

%

95% CI

25.2

(23.9, 26.5)

21.6

(19.7, 23.6)

28.6

(26.9, 30.4)

28.9

(27.3, 30.6)

24.3

(21.8, 27.0)

8.1

(5.0, 12.7)

2.2

(1.0, 4.8)

6.7

(4.7, 9.5)

15.6

(12.8, 19.0)

30.0

(26.8, 33.5)

41.4

(38.1, 44.8)

54.2

(51.6, 56.9)

37.8

(32.7, 43.1)

27.7

(24.5, 31.1)

27.6

(23.4, 32.2)

24.8

(21.2, 28.9)

22.5

(19.3, 26.1)

18.3

(16.1, 20.6)

32.9

(28.5, 37.6)

26.7

(24.3, 29.3)

25.1

(22.8, 27.6)

18.3

(16.6, 20.1)

20.4

(18.9, 22.1)

16.2

(13.3, 19.5)

15.2

(13.8, 16.8)

32.4

(29.3, 35.6)

51.7

(48.8, 54.6)

Percent (%)

100

80

60
41.4

40

30.0

20
2.2

15.6 6.7

0

18-24 yr 25-34 yr 35-44 yr 45-54 yr 55-64 yr

54.2
65+ yr

Percent of Adults who had Arthritis, by Health District, Georgia, 2014

Age Group

Percent (%)

Percent of Adults who had Arthritis, by Annual Household Income, Georgia, 2014

100

80

60

37.8

40

27.7

27.6

24.8

22.5

18.3

20

0

Less Than $15,000 - $25,000 - $35,000 - $50,000 - $75,000 or

$15,000 $24,999 $34,999 $49,999 $74,999

More

Annual Income

20

Risk Behaviors
No Leisure-Time Physical Activity

Leisure-time physical activity helps improve overall health and fitness, and reduces your risk for many chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, colon and breast cancers, and osteoporosis. Regular physical activity also helps to maintain body weight, healthy bones, muscles, and joints, reduce symptoms of anxiety and depression, and enhances quality of life.14

In 2014, 23.6% of Georgia adults were physically inactive during leisure time within the past month.
Adult females (25.8%) were significantly more likely than males (21.2%) to be physically inactive.
Adults with an income of $75,000 or more (9.9%) were least likely to be physically inactive.
Adults with a less than high school education (41.4%) were significantly more likely to be physically inactive when compared to high school graduates (27.7%), adults with some college (20.6%), and college graduates (10.5%).
Adults with health insurance (18.5.0%) were significantly less likely to be physically inactive when compared to adults without health insurance (30.4%).

Percent (%)

Percent of Adults who reported No-Leisure Time Activity, by Gender, Georgia, 2014

100

80

60

40
21.2

25.8

20

0 Male

Female

Gender

Percent (%)

Percent of Adults who reported No-Leisure Time Activity, by Income Level, Georgia, 2014

100

80

60

42.6

40

30.4

26.3

23.4

20

13.7

9.9

0

Less Than $15,000 - $25,000 - $35,000 - $50,000 - $75,000 or

$15,000 $14,999 $34,999 $49,999 $74,999

More

The HP 2020 target for adults who engage in no leisure-time

physical activity is 32.6%. The current prevalence among Georgia

adults meets this goal.

No Leisure-Time Physical Activity a

Demographic Characteristics %

95% CI

State Totals

23.6

(22.2, 25.1)

Sex

Male

21.2

(19.1, 23.5)

Female

25.8

(24.0, 27.8)

Race/Ethnicity

White Non-Hispanic

22.4

(20.7, 24.0)

Black Non-Hispanic

26.9

(24.1, 30.0)

Hispanic

23.6

(17.6, 30.8)

Age 18-24 yr

14.9

(11.2, 19.5)

25-34 yr

18.6

(15.0, 22.7)

35-44 yr

19.7

(16.3, 23.7)

45-54 yr

26.2

(23.0, 29.7)

55-64 yr

27.1

(24.1, 30.2)

65+ yr

34.6

(32.0, 37.2)

Income

Less than $15,000

42.6

(37.1, 48.2)

$15,000-$24,999

30.4

(26.7, 34.4)

$25,000-$34,999

26.3

(21.9, 31.2)

$35,000-$49,999

23.4

(19.5, 27.8)

$50,000-$74,999

13.7

(11.0, 17.0)

$75,000 or More

9.9

(8.3, 11.8)

Education

Less than High School

41.4

(36.3, 46.7)

High School Graduate

27.7

(25.1, 30.5)

Some College

20.6

(18.3, 23.1)

College Graduate

10.5

(9.1, 12.1)

Health Insurance Coverage

Has Health Insurance

18.5

(16.9, 20.2)

No Health Insurance

30.4

(26.4, 34.8)

Employment Employed

18.9

(17.2, 20.9)

Unemployed

31.4

(28.2, 34.8)

Retired

28.6

(26.1, 31.4)

a The proportion of adults who reported not participating in any leisure-

time physical activities or exercises during the past month.

Percent of Adults who reported No Leisure-Time Activity, by Health District, Georgia, 2014

Income Level

Percent (%)

Percent of Adults who reported No-Leisure Time Activity, by Health Insurance Status, Georgia, 2014

100

80

60

40

30.4

18.5

20

0 Has Health Coverage

No Health Coverage

Health Insurance

21

Risk Behaviors
Seatbelt Use

Seatbelt use reduces serious injuries and deaths in motor vehicle crashes by 50%.15 In 2009, about 12,000 more injuries would have been prevented and about 450 more lives saved if all states had primary enforcement seat belt laws.15 Georgia's seat belt law states
that while the passenger vehicle is being operated on a public road, street or highway, each occupant in the front seat of a passenger vehicle should be restrained by a seat safety belt approved under federal motor vehicle safety standard 208.16

In 2014, 94.9% of Georgia adults reported always or almost always using a seatbelt when they are driving or riding in a car.
Females (96.5%) were significantly more likely to always or almost always use a seatbelt when compared to males (93.1%).
Adults aged 18-24 years (89.6%) were significantly least likely to always or almost always use a seatbelt compared to all other age groups.
Adults identified as college graduates (98.2%) were significantly more likely to always or almost always use a seatbelt compared to adults with lower levels of education.
Adults with health coverage (95.3%) were more likely to always use a seatbelt when compared to those without health insurance coverage (92 4%)
The HP 2020 target for seatbelt use is 92.4%.

Percent (%)

Percent of Adults who Always or Almost Always Use a Seatbelt, by Gender, Georgia, 2014

100

93.1

96.5

80

60

40

20

0 Male

Female

Gender

Percent (%)

Percent of Adults who Always or Almost Always Use a Seatbelt, by Age Group, Georgia, 2014

100

89.6

96.1

94.8

94.9

96.8

96.1

80

60

40

20

0 18-24 yr 25-34 yr 35-44 yr 45-54 yr 55-64 yr
Age Group

65+ yr

Always/Almost Always use a

Seatbelt a

Demographic Characteristics

%

95% CI

State Totals

94.9

(94.0, 95.7)

Sex

Male

93.1

(91.5, 94.4)

Female

96.5

(95.5, 97.4)

Race/Ethnicity

White Non-Hispanic

94.8

(93.7, 95.7)

Black Non-Hispanic

94.6

(92.4, 96.2)

Hispanic

95.8

(90.8, 98.1)

Age

18-24 yr

89.6

(85.2, 92.8)

25-34 yr

96.1

(93.8, 97.6)

35-44 yr

94.8

(92.0, 96.6)

45-54 yr

94.9

(92.6, 96.5)

55-64 yr

96.8

(95.3, 97.8)

65+ yr

96.1

(94.8, 97.1)

Income

Less than $15,000

94.3

(90.6, 96.6)

$15,000-$24,999

93.2

(90.5, 95.2)

$25,000-$34,999

92.6

(89.0, 95.0)

$35,000-$49,999

93.7

(90.6, 95.9)

$50,000-$74,999

96.5

(93.9, 98.0)

$75,000 or More

97.0

(95.5, 98.1)

Education

Less than High School

92.6

(89.0, 95.0)

High School Graduate

92.5

(90.5, 94.1)

Some College

95.6

(93.9, 96.8)

College Graduate

98.2

(97.2, 98.8)

Health Insurance Coverage

Has Health Insurance

95.3

(94.1, 96.2)

No Health Insurance

92.4

(89.3, 94.7)

Employment

Employed

94.7

(93.3, 95.7)

Unemployed

94.3

(92.1, 95.8)

Retired

96.7

(95.4, 97.6)

a The proportion of adults who always or almost always use a seatbelt

while driving or riding in a car.

Percent of Adults who always or almost always use a Seatbelt, by Health District, Georgia, 2014

Percent (%)

Percent of Adults who Always or Almost Always Use a Seatbelt, by Level of Education, Georgia, 2014

100

92.6

92.5

95.6

98.2

80

60

40

20

0 Less than High School

High School Graduate

Some College College Graduate

Level of Education

22

Risk Behaviors
Smoking

Cigarette smoking is one of the leading causes of preventable deaths in the United States.17 Smoking is associated with deaths related to cancer, respiratory diseases, and cardiovascular diseases.18 About 10.1% of deaths among Georgia adults are linked to smoking.18

In 2014, 17.4% of Georgia adults were current cigarette smokers and 22.4% were former smokers.
Adult males (21.4%) were significantly more likely to currently smoke cigarettes than females (13.6%).
Adults with an annual income of less than $15,000 (33.5%) were more likely to currently smoke cigarettes than those with an annual income of $15,000 or greater.
Adults with less than a high school education (31.8%) were significantly more likely to currently smoke cigarettes compared to high school graduates (20.4%), those with some college (16.6%), and college graduates (5.6%).
Adults with health insurance (15.4%) were significantly less likely to currently smoke compared to adults without health insurance (31.4%).
The HP 2020 target for current cigarette smokers is 12%.

Percent (%)

Percent of Adults who Smoke Cigarettes, by Gender, Georgia, 2014

50

40

30

21.4

20

13.6

10

0 Male

Female

Gender

Percent (%)

Percent of Adults who Smoke Cigarettes, by Level of Education Georgia, 2014

50

40

31.8

30

20.4

20

16.6

10

5.6

0 Less than High School

High School Graduate

Some College College Graduate

Current Smoker a

Former Smoker b

Demographic Characteristics

%

95% CI

%

95% CI

State Totals Sex Male Female

17.4 (16.0, 18.8)
21.4 (19.1, 23.9) 13.6 (12.1, 15.3)

22.4 (21.1, 23.8)
26.5 (24.3, 28.8) 18.6 (17.0, 20.2)

Race/Ethnicity White Non-Hispanic Black Non-Hispanic Hispanic

19.3 (17.5, 21.2) 14.6 (12.2, 17.5) 15.6 (10.4, 22.7)

27.4 (25.6, 29.2) 16.3 (14.0, 18.8) 14.4 (10.0, 20.5)

Age 18-24 yr 25-34 yr 35-44 yr 45-54 yr 55-64 yr 65+ yr Income Less than $15,000 $15,000-$24,999 $25,000-$34,999 $35,000-$49,999 $50,000-$74,999 $75,000 or More

16.4 (12.3, 21.6) 23.5 (19.3, 28.3) 18.3 (15.0, 22.2) 18.9 (15.9, 22.3) 18.9 (16.2, 22.0) 8.1 (6.7, 9.8)
33.5 (28.1, 39.4) 19.5 (16.2, 23.3) 20.0 (15.8, 25.0) 17.0 (13.3, 21.5) 17.4 (13.9, 21.7) 8.1 (6.4, 10.4)

7.3 (4.8, 11.0) 13.2 (10.2, 17.0) 16.9 (13.8, 20.5) 22.9 (19.8, 26.2) 31.5 (28.3, 35.0) 40.7 (38.1, 43.4)
20.2 (16.4, 24.7) 23.0 (19.7, 26.6) 23.0 (18.9, 27.7) 25.0 (21.0, 29.5) 22.6 (19.2, 26.5) 22.8 (20.3, 25.4)

Education

Less than High School 31.8 (26.7, 37.4)

21.3 (17.5, 25.6)

High School Graduate 20.4 (17.9, 23.2)

23.4 (20.9, 26.1)

Some College

16.6 (14.3, 19.1)

25.3 (22.8, 28.1)

College Graduate

5.6 (4.5, 6.9)

18.5 (16.7, 20.4)

Health Insurance

Coverage

Has Health Insurance 15.4 (13.8, 17.1)

19.6 (18.0, 21.4)

No Health Insurance 31.4 (27.1, 36.1)

15.5 (12.6, 19.0)

Employment

Employed

17.1 (15.3, 19.1)

18.8 (17.1, 20.6)

Unemployed

22.9 (19.7, 26.3)

19.6 (17.0, 22.5)

Retired

9.7 (7.9, 11.7)

40.3 (37.4, 43.2)

a The proportion of adults who reported that they had smoked at least

100 cigarettes (5 packs) in their life and they currently smoke

cigarettes, either every day or on some days.

b The proportion of adults who reported that they had smoked at least

100 cigarettes (5 packs) in their life but do not currently smoke.

Percent of Adults who currently Smoke Cigarettes, by Health District, Georgia, 2014

Level of Education

Percent (%)

Percent of Adults whoSmoked Cigarettes, by Income Level, Georgia, 2014
50

40

33.5

30

20

19.5

20.0

17.0

17.4

8.1
10

0

Less Than $15,000 - $25,000 - $35,000 - $50,000 - $75,000 or

$15,000 $14,999 $34,999 $49,999 $74,999

More

Income Level

23

Risk Behaviors
Smokeless Tobacco

Smokeless tobacco is known to cause cancer of the oral cavity and pancreas, and should not be considered a safe substitute for smoking cigarettes.19 The two main types of smokeless tobacco sold in the United States are chewing tobacco and snuff.

In 2014, 4.7% of Georgia adults reported using smokeless tobacco.
Adult males (8.3%) were significantly more likely to use smokeless tobacco compared to females (1.5%).
White non-Hispanics (5.8%) were more likely to use smokeless tobacco compared to black non-Hispanics (3.6%) and Hispanics (2.6%).
A higher proportion of adults with a household income of less than $15,000 (6.9%) used smokeless tobacco.
Adults with less than high school education (8.8%) were significantly more likely to use smokeless tobacco compared to college graduates (2.1%).
Percent of Adults who used Smokeless Tobacco, by Gender, Georgia, 2014
15

Percent (%)

10

8.3

5
1.5

0 Male

Female

Gender

Percent (%)

Percent of Adults who used Smokeless Tobacco, by Race/Ethnicity, Georgia, 2014
15

10

5.8

5

3.6

0 White Non-Hispanic

Black Non-Hispanic Race/Ethnicity

2.6
Hispanic

The HP 2020 target for smokeless tobacco use is 0.3%.

Smokeless Tobacco Use a

Demographic Characteristics

%

95% CI

State Totals

4.7

(4.0, 5.7)

Sex

Male

8.3

(6.8, 10.1)

Female

1.5

(1.1, 2.0)

Race/Ethnicity

White Non-Hispanic

5.8

(4.8, 7.1)

Black Non-Hispanic

3.6

(2.3, 5.6)

Hispanic

2.6

(1.0, 6.6)

Age

18-24 yr

5.4

(3.3, 8.8)

25-34 yr

5.6

(3.4, 9.1)

35-44 yr

5.3

(3.5, 7.9)

45-54 yr

5.5

(3.8, 7.7)

55-64 yr

3.3

(2.2, 5.0)

65+ yr

3.4

(2.5, 4.5)

Income

Less than $15,000

6.9

(4.1, 11.4)

$15,000-$24,999

5.9

(4.1, 8.5)

$25,000-$34,999

4.3

(2.5, 7.5)

$35,000-$49,999

3.8

(2.3, 6.3)

$50,000-$74,999

5.3

(3.3, 8.3)

$75,000 or More

3.0

(1.9, 4.5)

Education

Less than High School

8.8

(6.0, 12.7)

High School Graduate

6.6

(5.0, 8.6)

Some College

3.1

(2.1, 4.5)

College Graduate

2.1

(1.4, 3.1)

Health Insurance Coverage

Has Health Insurance

4.8

(3.9, 6.0)

No Health Insurance

5.8

(3.7, 8.9)

Employment

Employed

4.7

(3.8, 5.8)

Unemployed

6.1

(4.2, 8.7)

Retired

2.9

(1.9, 4.3)

a The proportion of adults who reported that they currently use

chewing tobacco, snuff or snus, either every day or some days.

Percent of Adults who used Smokeless Tobacco, by Health District, Georgia, 2014

Percent (%)

Percent of Adults who used Smokeless Tobacco, by Level of Education, Georgia, 2014
15

10

8.8

5

0 Less than High School

6.6 3.1 2.1

High School Graduate

Some College

Level of Education

College Graduate

24

Risk Behaviors
Binge Drinking

Binge drinking is linked to unintentional injuries (falls, car crashes), intentional injuries (sexual assault, domestic violence), alcohol poisoning, liver disease, and neurological damage.20 Binge drinking is defined as consuming five or more drinks per occasion for men or four or more drinks per occasion for women at least once in the previous month.

In 2014, 14.2% of Georgia adults engaged in binge drinking.

Adult males (19.6%) were significantly more likely than females (9.2%) to engage in binge drinking.
More young adults aged 18-24 (18.0%) and 25-34 (24.8%) reported binge drinking than any other age groups.
Adults with an annual household income of $75,000 or more (14.5%), and less than $15,000 (14.5%) were the most likely to engage in binge drinking.
The HP 2020 target for binge drinking is 24.4%. The current prevalence among Georgia adults meets this goal.

Percent (%)

Percent of Adults who Engaged in Binge Drinking, by Gender, Georgia, 2014
40

30
19.6
20
9.2
10

0 Male

Female

Gender

Percent (%)

Percent of Adults who Engaged in Binge Drinking, by Age Group, Georgia, 2014

40

30

24.8

20

18.0

10

17.3 13.5 9.3

0 18-24 yr 25-34 yr 35-44 yr 45-54 yr 55-64 yr
Age Group

2.6
65+ yr

Binge Drinking a

Demographic Characteristics

%

95% CI

State Totals

14.2

(12.9, 15.6)

Sex

Male

19.6

(17.3, 22.1)

Female

9.2

(7.9, 10.6)

Race/Ethnicity

White Non-Hispanic

15.3

(13.7, 17.1)

Black Non-Hispanic

11.3

(9.0, 14.0)

Hispanic

19.3

(13.5, 27.0)

Age

18-24 yr

18.0

(13.8, 23.1)

25-34 yr

24.8

(20.6, 29.5)

35-44 yr

17.3

(13.8, 21.5)

45-54 yr

13.5

(11.1, 16.3)

55-64 yr

9.3

(7.4, 11.8)

65+ yr

2.6

(2.0, 3.5)

Income

Less than $15,000

14.5

(10.6, 19.4)

$15,000-$24,999

12.9

(10.0, 16.6)

$25,000-$34,999

13.5

(9.7, 18.6)

$35,000-$49,999

15.8

(11.9, 20.6)

$50,000-$74,999

18.0

(14.2, 22.6)

$75,000 or More

14.5

(12.3, 17.2)

Education

Less than High School

16.8

(12.5, 22.1)

High School Graduate

15.3

(12.8, 18.0)

Some College

12.9

(10.7, 15.5)

College Graduate

12.9

(11.2, 15.0)

Health Insurance Coverage

Has Health Insurance

15.0

(13.4, 16.8)

No Health Insurance

21.8

(17.9, 26.4)

Employment

Employed

18.3

(16.4, 20.4)

Unemployed

11.4

(9.0, 14.3)

Retired

3.5

(2.5, 4.9)

a The proportion of adults who reported drinking 5 or more drinks for men or 4 or more

drinks for women per occasion at least once in the previous month.

Percent of Adults who Engaged in Binge Drinking, by Health District, Georgia, 2014

Percent (%)

Percent of Adults who Engaged in Binge Drinking, by Income Level, Georgia, 2014
40

30

20

14.5

12.9

13.5

15.8

18.0

14.5

10

0

Less Than $15,000 - $25,000 - $35,000 - $50,000 - $75,000 or

$15,000 $14,999 $34,999 $49,999 $74,999

More

Income Level

25

Risk Behaviors
Heavy Drinking

Heavy drin1king is defined as consuming more than two drinks per day for males and more than one drink per day for females.

Excessive alcohol use is the third leading lifestyle-related cause of death in the United States and has been associated with cirrhosis of

the liver, high blood pressure, stroke, and can increase the risk for motor vehicle accidents, injuries, violence, andHesauviyciDderi.n21king a

In 2014, 5.3% of Georgia adults engaged in heavy

Demographic Characteristics State Totals

%

95% CI

5.3

(4.5, 6.1)

drinking.

Sex Male

6.2

(4.9, 7.8)

White non-Hispanics (5.7%) were more likely to be engaged in heavy drinking compared to black non-

Female Race/Ethnicity White Non-Hispanic

4.4

(3.6, 5.4)

5.7

(4.8, 6.9)

Hispanics (4.4%) and Hispanics (5.5%).

Black Non-Hispanic

4.4

(3.1, 6.2)

Adults aged 25 to 34 years of age (8.0%) were the most likely to engage in heavy drinking compared to any other

Hispanic Age 18-24 yr

5.5

(3.0, 9.8)

3.6

(2.0, 6.2)

age group.

25-34 yr

8.0

(5.5, 11.3)

Heavy drinking is more prevalent among adults with an annual household income $50,000 to $74,999 (7.0%).

35-44 yr 45-54 yr 55-64 yr

5.8

(3.8, 8.7)

5.5

(4.0, 7.6)

5.0

(3.7, 6.7)

65+ yr

3.4

(2.7, 4.4)

Income

Less than $15,000

6.1

(3.7, 10.0)

Percent of Adults who Engaged in Heavy Drinking, by Race/Ethnicity, Georgia, 2014

$15,000-$24,999 $25,000-$34,999

4.0

(2.5, 6.3)

3.5

(2.0, 6.1)

30

$35,000-$49,999

5.0

(3.1, 7.8)

$50,000-$74,999

7.0

(4.7, 10.3)

Percent (%)

$75,000 or More

6.2

(4.9, 8.0)

20

Education

Less than High School

6.8

(4.3, 10.7)

10

5.7

4.4

5.5

High School Graduate Some College

5.2

(3.8, 7.1)

4.4

(3.3, 5.9)

0

College Graduate

5.4

(4.4, 6.7)

White Non-Hispanic

Black Non-Hispanic

Hispanic

Health Insurance Coverage

Race/Ethnicity

Has Health Insurance No Health Insurance

4.8

(3.9, 5.9)

8.6

(6.3, 11.7)

Employment

Percent of Adults who Engaged in Heavy Drinking, by Age Group, Georgia, 2014

Employed Unemployed Retired

6.0

(4.9, 7.3)

4.4

(3.0, 6.4)

3.6

(2.7, 4.7)

a The proportion of adults who reported drinking 2 or more drinks for males or 1 or more

30

drinks for women per day.

Percent (%)

20

10
3.6

8.0

5.8

5.5

5.0

0 18-24 yr 25-34 yr 35-44 yr 45-54 yr 55-64 yr

Age Group

3.4
65+ yr

Percent of Adults who Engaged in Heavy Drinking, by Health District, Georgia, 2014

Percent (%)

Percent of Adults who Engaged in HeavyDrinking, by Income Level, Georgia, 2014
30

20

10

6.1

4.0

3.5

5.0

7.0

6.2

0

Less Than $15,000 - $25,000 - $35,000 - $50,000 - $75,000 or

$15,000 $14,999 $34,999 $49,999 $74,999

More

Income Level

26

Risk Behaviors
At Least One Drink per Month

Those categorized as having at least one drink per month have consumed either a 12-ounce beer, a 5-ounce glass of wine, or a drink with one shot of liquor within the past 30 days.

In 2014, 48.1% of Georgia adults consumed at least one alcoholic drink within the past month.
Adult males (55.6%) were significantly more likely than females (41.2%) to consume at least one drink within the past 30 days.
White non-Hispanics (51.7%) were significantly more likely than black non-Hispanics (43.9%) and Hispanics (42.8%) to consume at least one drink within the past 30 days.
Adults with college degrees (62.1%) were significantly more likely to consume at least one drink per month when compared to adults of lower education levels.

Percent (%)

Percent of Adults who Consumed at Least One Drink, by Gender, Georgia, 2014

100

80

55.6

60

41.2

40

20

0 Male

Female

Gender

Percent of Adults who Consumed at Least One Drink, by Race/Ethnicity, Georgia, 2014

Demographic Characteristics State Totals Sex Male Female Race/Ethnicity White Non-Hispanic Black Non-Hispanic Hispanic Age 18-24 yr 25-34 yr 35-44 yr 45-54 yr 55-64 yr 65+ yr Income Less than $15,000 $15,000-$24,999 $25,000-$34,999 $35,000-$49,999 $50,000-$74,999 $75,000 or More Education Less than High School High School Graduate Some College College Graduate Health Insurance Coverage Has Health Insurance No Health Insurance Employment Employed Unemployed Retired

At Least One Drink per Month

%

95% CI

48.1

(46.4, 49.9)

55.6

(52.9, 58.3)

41.2

(39.0, 43.4)

51.7

(49.6, 53.8)

43.9

(40.4, 47.4)

42.8

(35.1, 50.8)

43.1

(37.3, 49.2)

55.9

(50.9, 60.7)

57.8

(53.3, 62.2)

52.0

(48.2, 55.8)

44.9

(41.4, 48.4)

32.7

(30.2, 35.2)

36.1

(30.6, 42.0)

36.9

(32.6, 41.3)

46.0

(40.5, 51.6)

52.1

(47.0, 57.2)

55.7

(51.0, 60.4)

63.6

(60.3, 66.8)

33.9

(28.5, 39.6)

41.9

(38.6, 45.2)

50.0

(46.8, 53.2)

62.1

(59.4, 64.6)

52.1

(49.9, 54.4)

49.2

(44.3, 54.0)

56.6

(54.2, 59.0)

35.8

(32.3, 39.6)

36.4

(33.6, 39.4)

Percent (%)

100

80

60

51.7

43.9

40

20

0 White Non-Hispanic Black Non-Hispanic

42.8
Hispanic

Percent of Adults who Consumed at Least One Drink per Month, by Health District, Georgia, 2014

Race/Ethnicity

Percent (%)

Percent of Adults who Consumed at Least One Drink, by Level of Education, Georgia, 2014

100

80

60

40

33.9

20

0 Less than High School

41.9
High School Graduate

62.1 50.0
Some College College Graduate

Level of Education

27

Risk Behaviors
Use of Equipment

Use of equipment such as a cane, a wheelchair, a special bed, or a special telephone can make everyday tasks easier and improve the overall quality of life for those with health problems or disabilities.

In 2014, 8.7% of Georgia adults reported using equipment due to a health problem or disability.
Hispanic adults (1.0%) were significantly less likely than Black non-Hispanics (9.6%) or white non-Hispanics (8.4%) to use equipment.
Use of equipment increases with age. Adults of age 65 years or older (18.1%) were more likely to use equipment than any younger age category.
Adults with less than a high school education (14.5%) were significantly more likely to use equipment when compared to adults with higher levels of education.

Percent (%)

Percent of Adults who use Equipment, by Race/Ethnicity, Georgia, 2014
30

20

9.4

9.6

10

0 White Non-Hispanic

Black Non-Hispanic Race/Ethnicity

1.0
Hispanic

Percent of Adults who use Equipment, by Age Group, Georgia, 2014
30

20

15.3

10.7

10

4.3

1.4

1.9

0 18-24 yr 25-34 yr 35-44 yr 45-54 yr 55-64 yr

Age Group

18.1
65+ yr

Percent (%)

Demographic Characteristics
State Totals Sex Male Female Race/Ethnicity White Non-Hispanic Black Non-Hispanic Hispanic Age 18-24 yr 25-34 yr 35-44 yr 45-54 yr 55-64 yr 65+ yr Income Less than $15,000 $15,000-$24,999 $25,000-$34,999 $35,000-$49,999 $50,000-$74,999 $75,000 or More Education Less than High School High School Graduate Some College College Graduate Health Insurance Coverage Has Health Insurance No Health Insurance Employment Employed Unemployed Retired

Use of Equipment

%

95% CI

8.7

(7.9, 9.6)

8.6

(7.4, 10.0)

8.8

(7.8, 9.9)

9.4

(8.3, 10.5)

9.6

(7.9, 11.5)

1.0

(0.3, 3.2)

1.4

(0.6, 3.2)

1.9

(1.0, 3.5)

4.3

(2.7, 6.8)

10.7

(8.5, 13.4)

15.3

(13.0, 18.0)

18.1

(16.2, 20.2)

18.5

(14.9, 22.8)

10.9

(9.0, 13.1)

10.7

(8.1, 13.9)

6.9

(5.2, 9.2)

6.4

(4.5, 9.1)

2.9

(2.1, 3.9)

14.5

(11.6, 18.0)

9.4

(8.0, 11.2)

7.7

(6.5, 9.2)

5.2

(4.2, 6.3)

7.1

(6.1, 8.2)

5.9

(4.2, 8.2)

2.7

(2.1, 3.6)

16.6

(14.4, 19.1)

18.2

(16.0, 20.5)

Percent of Adults who reported Using Equipment, by Health District, Georgia, 2014

Percent (%)

Percent of Adults who use Equipment, by Level of Education, Georgia, 2014
30

20

14.5

10

9.4

7.7

5.2

0 Less than High School

High School Graduate

Some College College Graduate

Level of Education

28

Clinical Preventive Practices
Adult Immunizations

Adult immunizations against influenza and pneumococcal disease are important preventative measures against morbidity and mortality for adults aged 65 years and older since they are at high risk of developing complications from the diseases.30 From 1976 to 2007, there was an estimated annual average of 5,546 (87.9%) influenza-associated deaths among adults 65 years and older.31

In 2014, 54.7% of Georgia adults aged 65 and older had a seasonal flu vaccine within the past year.
White non-Hispanics (57.5%) were significantly more likely to receive the seasonal flu vaccine when compared to black non-Hispanics (46.2%).
The HP 2020 Target for influenza immunization in adults aged 65 years and older is 90%
In 2014, 65.2% of Georgia adults aged 65 and older have ever had the pneumonia vaccine.
Females (68.2%) were more likely to receive the pneumonia vaccine when compared to males (61.3%).
White non-Hispanics (68.4%) were significantly more likely to receive the pneumonia vaccine compared to black nonHispanics (55.5%).
Adults with an annual household income of less than $15,000 (60.6%) were the least likely to receive the pneumonia vaccine.
The HP 2020 Target for pneumonia immunization in adults aged 65 years and older is 90%

Influenza

Pneumonia

Vaccine a

Vaccine b

Demographic

Characteristics

% 95% CI

% 95% CI

State Totals

54.7 (52.0, 57.4)

65.2 (62.5, 67.9)

Sex

Male

55.9 (51.5, 60.2)

61.3 (56.8, 65.7)

Female

53.7 (50.3, 57.1)

68.2 (64.8, 71.3)

Race/Ethnicity

White Non-Hispanic 57.5 (54.5, 60.4)

68.4 (65.5, 71.3)

Black Non-Hispanic 46.2 (39.4, 53.0)

55.5 (48.6, 62.3)

Hispanic

NA

NA

NA

NA

Income

Less than $15,000

46.1 (37.7, 54.7)

60.6 (51.5, 69.1)

$15,000-$24,999

54.1 (47.6, 60.4)

64.1 (57.5, 70.2)

$25,000-$34,999

53.2 (45.4, 60.9)

67.9 (60.0, 74.9)

$35,000-$49,999

56.4 (48.7, 63.7)

61.7 (53.8, 69.0)

$50,000-$74,999

60.0 (51.9, 67.6)

66.8 (58.2, 74.5)

$75,000 or More

57.9 (51.5, 64.1)

70.9 (64.5, 76.5)

Education

Less than High School 48.0 (40.9, 55.3)

54.6 (47.2, 61.8)

High School Graduate 54.1 (49.1, 59.1)

64.6 (59.6, 69.3)

Some College

55.7 (50.5, 60.7)

69.5 (64.5, 74.1)

College Graduate

59.6 (55.1, 63.9)

70.7 (66.3, 74.8)

Employment

Employed

45.8 (38.9, 52.9)

52.4 (45.0, 59.8)

Unemployed

51.0 (43.5, 58.4)

57.9 (50.1, 65.2)

Retired

57.2 (54.0, 60.3)

69.0 (65.8, 71.9)

a The proportion of adults 65+ years that had a seasonal flu vaccine within the past year. b The proportion of adults 65+ years that have ever had a pneumonia vaccine

Percent (%) Percent (%)

Percent of Adults aged 65+ years who recieve Vaccinations, by Race/Ethnicity, Georgia, 2014

100

80

68.4

57.5
60

40

Flu Vaccine In Past Year Pneumonia Vaccine
55.5 46.2

20

0 White Non-Hispanic

Black Non-Hispanic

Percent of Adults aged 65+ years who had the Flu Vaccine, by Health District, Georgia, 2014

Percent of Adults aged 65+ years who recieve Vaccinations, by Level of Education, Georgia, 2014

100

80

60

54.6 48.0

40

64.6 54.1

Flu Vaccine In Past Year

Pneumonia Vaccine

69.5

70.7

55.7

59.6

20

0 Less than High School

High School Graduate

Some College College Graduate

Percent of Adults aged 65+ years who had the Pneumonia Vaccine, by Health District, Georgia, 2014

29

Clinical Preventive Practices
Breast Cancer Screening

Breast cancer screening means checking a woman's breast for cancer before there are signs or symptoms of the diseases.

Mammograms help screen for breast cancer by detecting for tumors or lumps using X-rays imaging. Women between 50-74 years

old should get mammograms once every 2 years.22 Breast cancer screening for women 40 to 49 years old should be determined by a

doctor.22

The HP 2020 target for breast cancer screening in adults

In 2014, 79.9% of Georgian women aged 50-74 years

aged 50 to 74 years old is 81.1% in the past two years.

and older have had a mammogram in the past two years.
Among women 50 to 74 years of age: Black non-Hispanic women (86.8%) were more
significantly more likely than white non-Hispanic women (78.1%) to have had a mammogram in the past two years. Women with an annual household income of $15,000 to $24,999 (75.4%) were least likely to have had a mammogram in the past two years. Women with some college education (76.4%) were the least likely to have had a mammogram in the past two years when compared to women of other education levels. Women with health care coverage (81.1%) were significantly more likely to have had a mammogram in the past two years when compared to women without health care coverage (57.9%). Women who were retired (85.8%) were significantly more likely to have had a mammogram in the past two years compared to women who were employed or unemployed.

Percent of Females who have had a Mammogram in the Past 2 Years, by Health Care Coverage, Georgia, 2014

100

85.9

84.8

80

60

40-64 Years Old 50-74 Years Old

59.3

56.5

Mammogram 50-74 in Past 2 Years a

Demographic Characteristics

%

95% CI

State Totals

79.9

Race/Ethnicity

White Non-Hispanic

78.1

(77.4, 82.2) (75.1, 80.8)

Black Non-Hispanic

86.8

Hispanic

NA

(82.2, 90.3) NA

Age 50-54 yr

76.2

(60.3, 83.1)

55-64 yr 65-74 yr

79.9

(74.0, 84.7)

77.6

(73.8, 81.1)

Annual Income

Less than $15,000

75.6

(68.0, 81.9)

$15,000-$24,999 $25,000-$34,999

75.4

(68.4, 81.2)

79.8

(71.4, 86.2)

$35,000-$49,999 $50,000-$74,999

83.0

(75.7, 88.4)

85.1

(78.9, 89.7)

$75,000 or More

81.3

(75.4, 86.0)

Education

Less than High School

77.2

High School Graduate

82.8

(69.4, 83.4) (78.5, 86.4)

Some College College Graduate

76.4

(71.3, 80.8)

82.9

(79.0, 86.3)

Health Insurance

Coverage

Has Health Insurance

81.1

No Health Insurance

57.9

(77.7, 84.0) (47.4, 67.7)

Employment Employed Unemployed

78.2

(74.0, 81.9)

76.0

(70.7, 80.5)

Retired

85.8

(82.3, 88.8)

a The proportion of women aged 50-74 years who had a mammogram within the past 2 years.

Percent (%)

40

Percent of Females aged 50-74 years who have had a Mammogram

20

in the Past 2 years, by Health District, Georgia, 2014

0 Has Health Coverage

No Health Coverage

Health Care Coverage

Percent (%)

Percent of Females who have had a Mammogram in the Past 2 Years, by Level of Education, Georgia, 2014

100

80

73.6 76.6

60

40

20

0 Less than High School

80.8 78.1

82.3 82.9

40-64 Years Old 50-74 Years Old
86.5 84.6

High School

Some College

Graduate

Level of Education

College Graduate

30

Clinical Preventive Practices
Cervical Cancer Screening

Cervical cancer screening is one of the most effective ways to prevent cervical cancer. Current recommendations for cervical

cancer screening states that Pap testing should begin at 21 years of age. Women aged 21-29 years should have a Pap test every 3

years and women aged 30-65 years can have Pap and HPV co-testing every 5 years or just a pap test alone every 3 years. Women

aged 65 years or older with adequate screening history or women who had a total hysterectomy should not be screened.24

In 2014, 84.2% of Georgia women aged 21-65 years reported having a Pap test within the past 3 years.
White non-Hispanic women (83.6%) were less likely to have had a Pap test in the past 3 years than other race/ethnicity groups.
Women with an annual household income of less than $15,000 (75.9%) were the least likely to have had a Pap test in the past 3 years.
Women without high school diplomas (80.2%) were the least likely to have had a Pap test in the past 3 years compared to college graduates (89.9%).
Woman with health care coverage (87.2%) were significantly more likely to have had a Pap test in the past 3 years than women without health care coverage (74.3%).

Percent of Females aged 21-65 years who have had a Pap Test in the Past 3 Years, by Race/Ethnicity, Georgia, 2014

100

87.1

83.6

84.2

80

Percent (%)

60 White Non-Hispanic

Black Non-Hispanic Race/Ethnicity

Hispanic

Percent of Females aged 21-65 years who have had a Pap Test in the Past 3 Years, by Level of Education, Georgia,
2014

The HP 2020 target for cervical cancer screening in adults aged 21 to 65 years old is 93% in the past 3 years.

Pap Test in Past 3 Years a

Demographic Characteristics

%

95% CI

State Totals Race/Ethnicity White Non-Hispanic Black Non-Hispanic Hispanic

84.2

(81.8, 86.4)

83.6

(80.4, 86.4)

87.1

(82.5, 90.6)

84.2

(73.3, 91.2)

Age 21-24 yr 25-34 yr 35-44 yr 45-54 yr 55-65 yr

NA

NA

82.2

(71.7, 89.3)

86.8

(81.0, 91.0)

88.7

(84.0, 92.1)

84.1

(79.0, 88.2)

Annual Income Less than $15,000 $15,000-$24,999 $25,000-$34,999 $35,000-$49,999 $50,000-$74,999 $75,000 or More Education Less than High School High School Graduate Some College College Graduate

75.9

(67.0, 83.0)

79.8

(72.9, 85.3)

84.3

(75.4, 90.4)

87.2

(79.6, 92.3)

87.6

(81.6, 91.8)

91.8

(88.0, 94.5)

80.2

(70.4, 87.5)

83.5

(78.2, 87.8)

80.6

(75.7, 84.7)

89.9

(86.8, 92.4)

Health Insurance Coverage Has Health Insurance No Health Insurance

87.2

(84.6, 89.4)

74.3

(67.6, 80.0)

Employment

Employed

86.0

(83.1, 88.4)

Unemployed

79.8

(74.7, 84.2)

Retired

88.9

(81.2, 93.6)

a The proportion of adult females aged 21-65 years who have had a Pap test within the past

three years.

Percent (%)

100

80.2

80

60

40

20

0

Less than High

School

83.5
High School Graduate

89.9 80.6
Some College College Graduate

Percent of Females aged 21-65 years who have had a Pap Test in the Past 3 years, by Health District, Georgia, 2014

Level of Education

Percent (%)

Percent of Females aged 21-65 years who have had a Pap Test in the Past 3 Years, by Health Insurance Coverage,
Georgia, 2014

100

87.2

80

60

40

20

0 Has Health Coverage

74.3
No Health Coverage

Insurance Coverage

31

Clinical Preventive Practices

Colorectal Cancer Screening

Colorectal cancer affects both men and women, particularly those aged 50 years and older.28 Screening can find precancerous

polyps (abnormal growths in the colon or rectum) so they can be removed before turning cancerous. The U.S. Preventive Services

Task Force recommends colorectal cancer screening for men and women aged 5075 years using high-sensitivity fecal occult blood

testing (FOBT) every year, sigmoidoscopy every five years, or colonoscopy every ten years.29

In 2014, 68.5% of Georgia adults aged 50 to 75 years met the recommendations for colorectal cancer screening.
Blacks aged 50 to 75 years (68.8%) were slightly less likely to meet recommendations for colorectal cancer screening.
Adults aged 65 to 75 years (70.8%) were most likely to meet the recommendations for colorectal cancer screening.
Adults aged 50 to 75 years with an annual household income of $75,000 or more (76.5%) were most likely to meet recommendations for colorectal cancer screening.
Adults aged 50 to 75 years with less than a high school education (49.0%) were significantly less likely to meet colorectal cancer screening recommendations when

Demographic Characteristics State Totals Sex Males Females Race/Ethnicity White Non-Hispanic Black Non-Hispanic Hispanic Age 50-54 yr 55-64 yr 65-75 yr Annual Income Less than $15,000 $15,000-$24,999 $25,000-$34,999 $35,000-$49,999 $50,000-$74,999 $75,000 or More

Colorectal Cancer Screening a

%

95% CI

68.5

(66.3, 70.7)

66.5

(62.8, 69.9)

70.4

(67.6, 73.1)

71.2

(68.7, 73.7)

68.8

(64.2, 73.0)

NA

NA

40.7

(30.4, 81.8)

58.2

(52.9, 63.4)

70.8

(67.4, 73.9)

53.3

(46.0, 60.5)

59.9

(53.8, 65.6)

72.2

(65.3, 78.3)

74.7

(67.8, 80.5)

72.9

(66.8, 78.2)

76.5

(72.5, 80.0)

compared to those who are high school graduates (67.2%), some college (73.3%) and college graduates (77.6%). Adults aged 50 to 75 years without health insurance coverage (31.2%) were significantly less likely to meet colorectal cancer screening recommendations when compared to those with health insurance coverage (68.6%).

Education Less than High School High School Graduate Some College College Graduate
Health Insurance Coverage Has Health Insurance No Health Insurance

49.0

(42.1, 56.0)

67.2

(63.0, 71.1)

73.3

(69.2, 76.9)

77.6

(74.4, 80.4)

68.6

(65.5, 71.4)

31.2

(23.8, 39.6)

The HP 2020 target for colorectal cancer screening in adults aged 50 to 75 years old is 70.5%.

Employment

Employed

63.2

(59.7, 66.6)

Unemployed

61.0

(55.8, 65.9)

Retired

82.6

(79.6, 85.2)

a The proportion of adults aged 50 to 75 years who have had a blood stool test ever year,

sigmoidoscopy every five years, or colonoscopy every ten years.

Percent (%)

Percent of Adults aged 50 to 75 years who met Colorectal Cancer Screening Recommendations, by Race/Ethnicity,
Georgia, 2014

100

71.2

68.8

50

0 White Non-Hispanic

Black Non-Hispanic

Race/Ethnicity

Percent (%)

Percent of Adults aged 50 to 75 years who met Colorectal

Cancer Screening Recommendations, by Level of

Education, Georgia, 2014

100 80

67.2

73.3

77.6

60

49.0

40

20

0

Less than High School

High School Graduate

Some College College Graduate

Education Level

Percent (%)

Percent of Adults aged 50 to 75 years who met Colorectal Cancer Screening Recommendations, by Health Insurance
Coverage, Georgia, 2014

100
68.6

50

31.2

0 Has Health Coverage

No Health Coverage

Health Insurance

Percent (%)

Percent of Adults aged 50 to 75 years who met Colorectal

Cancer Screening Recommendations, by Annual

Household Income, Georgia, 2014

100

72.2

74.7

72.9

76.5

80

53.3

59.9

60

40

20

0

Less Than $15,000 - $25,000 - $35,000 - $50,000 - $75,000 or

$15,000 $24,999 $34,999 $49,999 $74,999

More

Annual Income

32

Clinical Preventive Practices
HIV Testing

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a preventable disease that affects both men and women alike. While there is no known cure for HIV, getting tested for HIV can reduce the risk of transmitting the virus to others and improve the health of infected persons with early detection.32

In 2014, 43.7% of Georgia adults reported that they had ever been tested for HIV.
White non-Hispanics (34.3%) were least likely to have ever been tested for HIV compared to black non-Hispanics (63.4%) and Hispanics (38.1%).
Adults 25 to 34 years old (60.9%) were most likely to have ever been tested for HIV.
Adults with less than a high school education (34.6%) were least likely to have ever been tested for HIV.
Adults without health insurance coverage (50.2%) were slightly more likely to have ever been tested for HIV when compared to those with health insurance coverage (49.2%).

Percent (%)

Percent of Adults who Ever Tested for HIV, by Race/Ethnicity, Georgia, 2014

80

70

60

50

40

34.3

30

20

10

0 White Non-Hispanic

63.4
Black Non-Hispanic

38.1
Hispanic

Race/Ethnicity

Demographic Characteristics
State Totals Sex Male Female Race/Ethnicity White Non-Hispanic Black Non-Hispanic Hispanic Age 18-24 yr 25-34 yr 35-44 yr 45-54 yr 55-64 yr 65+ yr Income Less than $15,000 $15,000-$24,999 $25,000-$34,999 $35,000-$49,999 $50,000-$74,999 $75,000 or More Education Less than High School High School Graduate Some College College Graduate Health Insurance Coverage Has Health Insurance No Health Insurance Employment Employed Unemployed Retired

Ever Tested for HIV

%

95% CI

43.7

(41.9, 45.5)

41.9

(39.2, 44.7)

45.4

(43.1, 47.7)

34.3

(32.2, 36.5)

63.4

(59.9, 66.8)

38.1

(30.8, 46.0)

40.4

(34.5, 46.6)

60.9

(55.8, 65.8)

60.0

(55.4, 64.5)

46.8

(42.9, 50.7)

34.3

(30.9, 37.8)

15.8

(13.9, 18.0)

47.3

(41.4, 53.2)

42.6

(38.2, 47.1)

46.3

(40.7, 52.0)

47.2

(42.0, 52.5)

43.4

(38.5, 48.4)

43.8

(40.5, 47.2)

34.6

(29.4, 40.1)

40.1

(36.8, 43.6)

50.3

(47.0, 53.6)

46.0

(43.2, 48.8)

49.2

(46.9, 51.5)

50.0

(45.1, 55.0)

47.5

(45.0, 49.9)

49.3

(45.3, 53.2)

20.4

(18.0, 23.2)

Percent (%)

Percent of Adults who Ever Tested for HIV, by Age Group, Georgia, 2014

80

70

60

50

40.4

40

30

20

10

0 18-24 yr

60.9
25-34 yr

60.0
35-44 yr

46.8
45-54 yr

34.3
55-64 yr

Age Group

15.8
65+ yr

Percent (%)

Percent of Adults who Ever Tested for HIV, by Health Care Coverage, Georgia, 2014

80

70

60

49.2

50.0

50

40

30

20

10

0 Has Health Coverage

No Health Coverage

Health Care

33

Clinical Preventive Practices
Shingles Immunization

Shingles vaccination is an important preventative measure to reduce the risk of older adults developing shingles and the long-term pain [postherpetic neuralgia (PHN)] associated with 1 in 5 shingles cases. The risk of getting shingles increases as adults age, particularly for those greater than 50 years old. Current recommendations for shingles vaccination is one dose of the shingles vaccines for those aged 60 years and older, even for those who have already developed shingles previously.34

In 2014, 27.2% of Georgians aged 60 years and older reported ever having the Shingles (Zoster) vaccine.
Black non-Hispanic adults aged 60 years or older (12.6%) were significantly less likely to have had a Shingles vaccine compared to White Non-Hispanic adults aged 60 years or older (32.8%).
Adults aged 60 years or older with an annual household income of less than $15,000 (13.4%) were the least likely to have had a Shingles vaccine compared to other income groups.
Adults aged 60 years or older who had less than a high school education (66.7%) were the least likely to have had a Shingles vaccine compared to adults with other education levels.

Percent (%)

Percent of Adults aged 60 years or older who have ever had a Shingles vaccine, by Race/Ethnicity, Georgia, 2014

50

40

32.8

30

20

12.6

10

0 White Non-Hispanic

Black Non-Hispanic

Race/Ethnicity

The HP 2020 target for Shingles (Zoster) vaccine in

adults 60 years and old is 30%.
Ever had a Singles Vaccinea

Demographic Characteristics

%

95% CI

State Totals

27.2

(25.2, 29.3)

Sex

Male

25.9

(22.8, 29.2)

Female

28.3

(25.8, 30.9)

Race/Ethnicity

White Non-Hispanic

32.8

(30.4, 35.3)

Black Non-Hispanic

12.6

(9.5, 16.6)

Hispanic

NA

NA

Annual Income

Less than $15,000

13.4

(9.7, 18.4)

$15,000-$24,999

20.0

(15.9, 24.8)

$25,000-$34,999

26.0

(20.3, 32.7)

$35,000-$49,999

26.8

(21.3, 33.1)

$50,000-$74,999

25.2

(20.2, 31.0)

$75,000 or More

44.2

(39.1, 49.5)

Education

Less than High School

19.1

(14.7, 24.5)

High School Graduate

22.6

(19.3, 26.3)

Some College

27.4

(23.8, 31.5)

College Graduate

39.9

(36.2, 43.8)

Health Insurance Coverage

Has Health Insurance

18.9

(15.4, 22.9)

No Health Insurance

NA

NA

Employment

Employed

20.0

(16.5, 24.0)

Unemployed

23.0

(18.4, 28.4)

Retired

31.5

(28.9, 34.3)

a The proportion of adult aged 60 years or older who have ever had a Shingles (Zoster)

vaccine.

Percent (%)

Percent of Adults aged 60 years or older who have ever had a Shingles vaccine, by Level of Education, Georgia, 2014

50
40
30
19.1
20
10
0 Less than High School

22.6
High School Graduate

39.9 27.4
Some College College Graduate

Percent of Adults aged 60 years or older who have ever had a Shingles Vaccine, by Health District, Georgia, 2014

Level of Education

Percent (%)

Percent of Adults aged 60 years or older who have ever had a Shingles vaccine, by Annual Household Income, Georgia,
2014

50

44.2

40

30

26.0

26.8

25.2

20.0

20

13.4

10

0

Less Than $15,000 - $25,000 - $35,000 - $50,000 - $75,000 or

$15,000 $24,999 $34,999 $49,999 $74,999

More

Annual Income

34

Clinical Preventive Practices
Tetanus (Tdap) Immunization

The Tdap (Tetanus, diphtheria, and acellular pertussis) vaccination is given to older children and adults and is an important tool in preventing tetanus, a bacterial infection that induces muscle spasms from excreted toxins.35 Current recommendations state that
adults aged 19 and older should receive a single dose of Tdap as well as expectant mothers in their third trimester. All adults should receiver a Td booster vaccine once every 10 years.35

In 2014, 53.1% of Georgia adults reported having a Tdap vaccine since 2005.
Hispanic adults (45.9%) were less likely to have had a Tdap vaccine since 2005 compared to other race/ethnicity groups.
Adults with an annual household income of less than $15,000 (45.7%) were the least likely to have had a Tdap vaccine since 2005, compared other income groups.
Adults who had less than a high school education (45.8%) were less likely to have had a Tdap vaccine since 2005 compared to college graduates (58.7%).
Adults with health insurance coverage (57.2%) were significantly more likely to have had a Tdap vaccine since 2005 than adults without health insurance coverage

Percent (%)

Percent of Adults who have had a Tdap vaccine since 2005, by Age Group, Georgia, 2014

100

80

56.9
60

56.6

54.5

53.2

53.6

40

20

0 18-24 yr

25-34 yr

35-44 yr

45-54 yr

55-64 yr

Age Group

45.7
65+ yr

Percent (%)

Percent of Adults who have had a Tdap vaccine since 2005, by Level of Education, Georgia, 2014

100

80

60

45.8

40

20

0 Less than High School

51.5

54.3

58.7

High School Graduate

Some College

Level of Education

College Graduate

Tdap vaccine since 2005a

Demographic Characteristics

%

95% CI

State Totals

53.1

(51.1, 55.1)

Sex

Male

57.6

(54.5, 60.6)

Female

48.9

(46.4, 51.4)

Race/Ethnicity

White Non-Hispanic

56.1

(53.8, 58.3)

Black Non-Hispanic

48.1

(44.2, 52.0)

Hispanic

45.9

(37.4, 54.6)

Age

18-24 yr

56.9

(49.4, 64.0)

25-34 yr

56.6

(50.6, 62.3)

35-44 yr

54.5

(49.4, 59.6)

45-54 yr

53.2

(49.0, 57.4)

55-64 yr

53.6

(49.8, 57.4)

65+ yr

45.7

(42.8, 48.7)

Annual Income

Less than $15,000

45.7

(39.4, 52.1)

$15,000-$24,999

49.2

(44.3, 54.2)

$25,000-$34,999

51.4

(45.3, 57.4)

$35,000-$49,999

49.8

(44.1, 55.6)

$50,000-$74,999

59.0

(53.7, 64.2)

$75,000 or More

61.0

(57.4, 64.5)

Education

Less than High School

45.8

(39.9, 51.9)

High School Graduate

51.5

(47.8, 55.2)

Some College

54.3

(50.7, 57.9)

College Graduate

58.7

(55.6, 61.6)

Health Insurance Coverage

Has Health Insurance

57.2

(54.7, 59.6)

No Health Insurance

47.5

(42.1, 52.9)

Employment

Employed

55.8

(53.1, 58.4)

Unemployed

51.2

(46.9, 55.5)

Retired

46.6

(43.4, 49.9)

a The proportion of adults aged18-65 years who have had a TDAP vaccine (Tetanus,

diphtheria, and acellular pertussis) since 2005.

Percent of Adults aged 18 years or older who have had a Tdap vaccine since 2005, by Health District, Georgia, 2014

Percent (%)

Percent of Adults who have had a Tdap vaccine since 2005, by Health Insurance Coverage, Georgia, 2014

100

80

57.2

60

47.5

40

20

0 Has Health Coverage

No Health Coverage

Health Insurance

35

Clinical Preventive Practices
HPV Immunization

The Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is a common family of viruses that are spread through sexual contact. Some types of HPV can lead to cervical, vulvar, vaginal, and anal cancer in women, anal cancer in men, as well as genital warts in both men and women. Current recommendations state that all children 11 or 12 years old should get the three-dose series of HPV vaccine. Young women can get the vaccine up to 26 years old, and young men can get the vaccine up until 21, or 26 if they are at high risk for HPV.36

In 2014, 12.5% of Georgia adults reported having ever had a HPV vaccine.
Female adults (16.4%) were significantly more likely to have had a HPV vaccine than male adults (8.3%).
Hispanic adults (7.7%) were the least likely to have had a HPV vaccine compared to other race/ethnicity groups.
Adults aged both 18 to 24 years (30.3%) and 25 to 34 years (14.7%) were significantly more likely to have ever had a HPV vaccine compared to older adults.
Adults whose annual household income was $50,000 to $74,999 were the least likely to have ever had a HPV vaccine compared to other income groups.
Adults who have had some college education were the most likely to have ever had a HPV vaccine (17.6%) compared to adults with other educational backgrounds.

Percent (%)

Percent of Adults who have ever had a HPV vaccine, by Age Group, Georgia, 2014

50

40
30.3
30

20

14.7

10

0 18-24 yr

25-34 yr

Age Group

Percent (%)

Percent of Adults who have ever had a HPV vaccine, by Level of Education, Georgia, 2014

50

40

30

20

10.7

10

0 Less than High School

17.6 13.0
7.1

High School Graduate

Some College

Level of Education

College Graduate

HPV vaccinea

Demographic Characteristics

%

95% CI

State Totals

12.5

(10.5, 14.8)

Sex

Male

8.3

(5.8, 11.8)

Female

16.4

(13.5, 19.6)

Race/Ethnicity

White Non-Hispanic

12.9

(10.3, 16.0)

Black Non-Hispanic

14.8

(10.8, 19.9)

Hispanic

7.7

(3.8, 15.1)

Age

18-24 yr

30.3

(24.2, 37.3)

25-34 yr

14.7

(10.8, 19.7)

35-44 yr

NA

NA

45-54 yr

NA

NA

55-64 yr

NA

NA

65+ yr

NA

NA

Annual Income

Less than $15,000

14.7

(8.4, 24.4)

$15,000-$24,999

14.9

(10.3, 21.2)

$25,000-$34,999

10.3

(5.9, 17.5)

$35,000-$49,999

9.8

(5.8, 16.0)

$50,000-$74,999

8.9

(4.9, 15.3)

$75,000 or More

11.0

(7.7, 15.5)

Education

Less than High School

10.7

(5.5, 19.7)

High School Graduate

13.0

(9.6, 17.4)

Some College

17.6

(13.6, 22.4)

College Graduate

7.1

(5.1, 9.9)

Health Insurance Coverage

Has Health Insurance

12.6

(10.4, 15.2)

No Health Insurance

12.1

(8.2, 17.3)

Employment

Employed

10.8

(8.7, 13.3)

Unemployed

17.5

(13.0, 23.0)

Retired

NA

NA

a The proportion of adults aged18 years and older who ever had a vaccine to prevent the

human papilloma virus (HPV), including either Gardasil and Cervarix for women, and

Gardasil for men.

Percent of Adults aged 18 years or older who have ever had a HPV vaccine, by Health District, Georgia, 2014a

Percent (%)

Percent of Adults who have ever had a HPV vaccine, by Health Care Coverage, Georgia, 2014

50

40

30

20

12.6

12.1

10

0 Has Health Coverage

No Health Coverage

Health Care

a Insufficient data for district level estimates is indicated by sample sizes (n) less than 100 for a particular Public Health District.
36

Bibliography
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