2017 GEORGIA TUBERCULOSIS
REPORT
2017 Georgia Tuberculosis Data Report
Georgia Department of Public Health..................... Patrick O'Neal, MD Commissioner
Division of Health Protection............................... R. Chris Rustin, DrPH, MS, REHS Deputy Director
Epidemiology Branch........................................ Cherie Drenzek, DVM, MS State Epidemiologist
Joy Wells, MPH Epidemiologist
Antoine Perrymon, MPH Epidemiologist
Jasmine Ko, MPH Epidemiologist
Tuberculosis Program....................................... Benjamin Yarn TB Program Director
Acknowledgments:
We thank the County Health Department staff, District Health Office TB Coordinators, and State TB surveillance staff that collected and reported the data used in this annual report.
Further information on the tuberculosis program can be obtained by contacting: Benjamin Yarn Georgia Department of Public Health Division of Health Protection, Tuberculosis Program 2 Peachtree St., NW, Atlanta, GA 30303 Phone: (404) 657-0791 E-mail: Benjamin.Yarn@dph.ga.gov
Further information on this report can be obtained by contacting: Jasmine Ko, MPH Georgia Department of Public Health Division of Health Protection, Epidemiology Program 2 Peachtree St., NW, Atlanta, GA 30303 Phone: (404) 463-0849 E-mail: Jasmine.Ko@dph.ga.gov
Data sources: 1) Surveillance data were obtained from the State Electronic Notifiable Disease Surveillance System (SendSS) as of November 13th, 2018; 2) Census data were obtained from the U.S. Census Bureau via https://oasis.state.ga.us/oasis/webquery/qryPopulation.aspx.
Suggested citation: Georgia Department of Public Health, 2017 Georgia Tuberculosis Report, Atlanta, Georgia, November 2018.
2017 GEORGIA TUBERCULOSIS REPORT 1
Table of Contents
Executive Summary...................................................................
3
TB Surveillance in Georgia.........................................................
4
Current Epidemiology of TB in Georgia..........................................
5
High-Risk Populations...............................................................
6
Drug Resistance.......................................................................
7
Indicators of Infectiousness.........................................................
8
Initial Diagnosis, Health Provider Data, and Directly Observed Therapy...
8
TB Mortality..........................................................................
8
TB Treatment Outcomes............................................................
8
TB Contact Investigations and Latent TB Infection............................
8
Surveillance Summary of TB Genotype Clusters................................
9
Tables and Figures: Descriptive Epidemiology, Case Counts, and Program Performance Indicators............................. 10-26
Graphs: Tuberculosis Morbidity Trends by Health District, 1997-2017
27
2017 GEORGIA TUBERCULOSIS REPORT 2
Executive Summary
In 2017, a total of 293 new tuberculosis (TB) cases were reported in Georgia, representing a 3% decrease from 2016. The 2017 TB incidence (new cases) of 2.8 cases per 100,000 persons represents a slight decrease from 2.9 cases per 100,000 persons in 2016.
In 2017, TB incidence by Health District ranged from 0.7 cases per 100,000 persons in District 11 (Rome) to 8.8 cases per 100,000 persons in District 3-5 (DeKalb). Six Health Districts (Districts 3-2, 3-3, 3-4, 3-5, 7, and 8-2) reported a TB incidence higher than the overall state incidence. Three counties (DeKalb, Fulton, and Gwinnett) reported >40 TB cases each in 2017, accounting for 51% of reported cases statewide.
Among the 293 TB cases reported in Georgia in 2017, foreign-born persons accounted for 155 cases (53%); 138 cases (47%) occurred among U.S.-born persons (Figure 10). The top four countries of origin for foreign-born persons reported with TB disease in Georgia in 2017 were India, Mexico, Ethiopia, and Vietnam (Figure 11). TB cases among persons born in these four countries accounted for 48% of all cases among foreign-born persons.
HIV status was reported for 96% of Georgia TB cases in 2017; among these patients, 8% were HIV-positive (Figure 12). Persons living in congregate settings are at high risk for TB exposure. In 2017, 16 (5%) of Georgia's total TB cases were homeless in the year before diagnosis, 9 (3%) were correctional facility inmates at the time of diagnosis, and 2 (<1%) were long-term care facility residents (Figure 13).
In 2017, three cases of multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB or TB resistant to at least isoniazid and rifampin) infections were documented in Georgia. None of the MDR-TB cases had a previous episode of TB; one case was born in a country with a high burden of TB.
The latest year with completed TB contact investigation data was in 2016. Among 3,584 identified contacts of TB cases reported in 2016 in Georgia, 2,778 (78%) completed a medical evaluation for TB. Among 489 contacts diagnosed with latent TB infection (LTBI), 340 (70%) started LTBI treatment and of those, 270 (76%) completed LTBI treatment.
Although TB incidence is decreasing in Georgia, epidemiologic modeling by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) projects that the goal of TB elimination will not be attained in this century with the current rates of decline. Current program strategies such as early identification of TB cases, completion of TB treatment by directly observed therapy, and contact investigation should be maintained; but newer strategies such as targeted TB testing among highrisk individuals, i.e. persons born in countries with a high prevalence of TB and persons who live or work in high-risk congregate settings, and treating LTBI should be implemented to accelerate progress toward TB elimination.
2017 GEORGIA TUBERCULOSIS REPORT 3
Tuberculosis (TB) Surveillance in Georgia
TB is a reportable disease in Georgia. All Georgia physicians, laboratories, and other health care providers are required by law to immediately report clinical and laboratory- confirmed TB cases under their care to Georgia public health authorities. TB cases may be directly reported to a County Health Department, a District Health Office, or to the State TB Program and TB Epidemiology Section of the Georgia Department of Public Health (GDPH), which is responsible for the systematic collection of all reported TB cases in the state. Immediate reporting of TB cases enables public health staff to follow up with patients, administer directly observed therapy (DOT), monitor TB treatment until completion, evaluate and screen individuals exposed to a TB case, and control TB outbreaks.
TB cases in Georgia can be reported electronically through the State Electronic Notifiable Disease Surveillance System (SendSS), a secure web-based surveillance software developed by GDPH, or by calling, mailing, or faxing a report to public health authorities. Hospital infection control personnel, as well as public health nurses, outreach staff, epidemiologists, and communicable disease specialists involved in disease surveillance are encouraged to report TB through SendSS and register to become a SendSS user by logging into the system's Web site at: https://sendss.state.ga.us then selecting TB from the list of reportable diseases.
Public health authorities collect data about reported TB cases including demographic, clinical, risk factor, and contact information, which are analyzed to describe the distribution of the disease among Georgia's population, identify high risk groups and TB clusters, describe trends in morbidity, mortality, drug resistance patterns, treatment outcomes, and infection rates among contacts to TB cases. The data are used at state and local levels to guide policy and decision making, set priorities for program interventions, evaluate program performance for the prevention and control of TB in Georgia, and educate key stakeholders and the general public on TB. Georgia's TB surveillance data are transmitted electronically to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and become part of the national TB surveillance database.
TB Case Definitions for Public Health Surveillance
GDPH utilizes the 2009 Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists (CSTE) case definition for tuberculosis (Position Statement 09-ID-65) that can be accessed at: https://wwwn.cdc.gov/nndss/conditions/tuberculosis/case-definition/2009/.
Clinical case definition A case that meets all of the following criteria:
A positive tuberculin skin test or positive interferon gamma release assay for M. tuberculosis
Signs and symptoms compatible with TB (abnormal chest imaging study or clinical evidence of current disease)
Treatment with two or more anti-TB medications A completed diagnostic evaluation
2017 GEORGIA TUBERCULOSIS REPORT 4
Laboratory criteria for diagnosis Isolation of M. tuberculosis complex on a culture from a clinical specimen, or Demonstration of M. tuberculosis complex from a clinical specimen by nucleic acid amplification test
Confirmed case: A case that meets the clinical case definition or is laboratory confirmed
Current Epidemiology of Tuberculosis in Georgia
Georgia reported 293 new tuberculosis (TB) cases in 2017. This rate represents a 3% decrease from the 301 TB cases reported in 2016. TB case numbers in Georgia have decreased 68% since 1991 when the peak of a resurgent period of tuberculosis occurred (Figure 1). The TB case rate in Georgia decreased from 2.9 cases per 100,000 persons during 2016 to 2.8 cases per 100,000 in 2017, which is equal to the 2017 U.S. case rate (Figure 2). According to the CDC, during 2017, Georgia ranked sixth in the United States for the number of new TB cases and ranked 12th for the TB case rate (per 100,000 population) among the 50 reporting states.
Geographic Distribution
Among the 159 counties in Georgia, four counties in the metropolitan Atlanta area reported the highest number of TB cases in 2017: DeKalb (66 cases), Fulton (42), Gwinnett (42), and Cobb (18) (Table 1). These four counties accounted for 57% of all TB cases reported in Georgia in 2017.
Among Georgia's 18 Health Districts, which have oversight responsibility for public health in the state's 159 counties, the DeKalb Health District had the highest TB case rate in 2017 (8.8 per 100,000), followed by the Albany District (4.9 per 100,000) and the Columbus District (4.4 per 100,000) (Table 2).
Sex and Age Distribution
In 2017, TB cases in Georgia occurred predominantly among males (200 cases, 68%), compared to females (93 cases, 32%). The highest proportion of TB cases by age group occurred among persons 25-44 years old (102 cases, 35%). Among the 25-44 age group, (67 cases, 66%) were male and (35 cases, 34%) were female (Figure 5). This age group, along with the 65+ age group, has the highest TB case rate (3.6 per 100,000), while the lowest rate was among children 5-14 years old (0.6 per 100,000) (Figure 6). The TB case rate for children younger than 5 years of age, a group more likely to develop life-threatening forms of TB disease, increased from 1.4 per 100,000 in 2016 to 2.0 per 100,000 in Georgia in 2017. Young children are more likely than older children and adults to have TB spread through their bloodstream and cause complications and deadlier forms of TB, such as TB meningitis or disseminated TB.
Race/Ethnicity Distribution and TB Disparities
TB disproportionately affects racial/ethnic minorities in Georgia. In 2017, non-Hispanic Blacks, Asians and Hispanics accounted for 52%, 25%, and 14% of TB cases in Georgia, respectively, but
2017 GEORGIA TUBERCULOSIS REPORT 5
only represented 31%, 4%, and 10% of Georgia's population, respectively (Figure 7). NonHispanic whites constituted 9% of TB cases in 2017. The highest TB case rate among race/ethnic groups was among non-Hispanic Asians (16.7 per 100,000), followed by non-Hispanic blacks (4.7 per 100,000) and Hispanics (4.1 per 100,000) (Figure 8). The black non-Hispanic TB case rate in 2017 represents an 85% decrease from the TB case rate in 1993 (30.6 per 100,000) in this population. The black non-Hispanic TB case rate, however, was still more than nine times higher than the white non-Hispanic TB case rate (0.5 per 100,000) in Georgia during 2017 (Figure 9).
High-Risk Populations
Foreign-Born Persons
TB infections among persons born outside of the United States accounted for 53% of TB cases in Georgia in 2017. Most foreign-born cases reported in 2017 came from India (16%), Mexico (15%), and Ethiopia (10%) - countries where TB is an endemic disease (Figures 10-11). Among 155 foreign-born cases in 2017, 63 (41%) were diagnosed in the first five years of their arrival in the U.S. This represents an increase from 51 (36%) of foreign-born cases being diagnosed within first five years in 2016.
In 2017, four Health Districts reported 70% of the total number of foreign-born TB cases in Georgia: DeKalb (51 cases), Gwinnett (28), Cobb (14) and Fulton (16). Among these Health Districts, foreign-born TB cases accounted for more than half of the TB cases in Gwinnett (67%), Cobb (78%) and DeKalb (77%). Foreign-born TB cases in the Fulton Health District accounted for 38% of their reported TB cases.
Persons with HIV Co-Infection
All TB patients need to be tested for HIV infection because TB treatment may change when antiretroviral therapy for HIV is given, and active TB often accelerates the natural progression of HIV infection. In 2017 in Georgia, among 277 TB cases with known HIV status, 8% were HIVpositive, compared to 11% in 2016 (Figure 12). Among the 23 TB cases with HIV co-infection in 2017, 78% were non-Hispanic blacks, 57% were male, and 52% were 45-64 years old.
HIV status was reported for 96% of TB cases in 2017. In the high-risk age group of adults 25-44 years of age, the percentage of TB cases for which HIV was reported was 98% in 2017, compared to 94% in 2016. Among 13 TB cases whose HIV status was not reported, HIV testing was not offered to 10 cases (77%) (two were children, and two were dead at diagnosis), the HIV test result was unknown in two cases (15%), and one (8%) refused testing. The proportion by age group among the TB cases that were not offered the HIV test was highest among adults 65 years and older (5 cases, 50%).
Persons in Congregate Settings and Persons with Substance Abuse
Persons residing in crowded congregate settings such as homeless shelters, prisons, and nursing homes are at risk for acquiring TB. In 2017, 16 (5%) TB cases in Georgia were homeless, 9 (3%) were residents of correctional facilities, and 2 (<1%) were residents of long-term care facilities.
2017 GEORGIA TUBERCULOSIS REPORT 6
Of the 9 TB cases incarcerated in correctional facilities, five (44%) were inmates in county jails, and four were inmates of the U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) facilities.
Substance abuse is the most commonly reported behavioral risk factor among patients with TB in the United States. TB patients who abuse substances often experience treatment failure and remain infectious longer because treatment failure presumably extends periods of infectiousness. In Georgia, abuse of either illicit drugs or alcohol was reported among 56 (19%) of TB cases in 2017 (Table 3, Figure 13).
TB Infections in Children
TB in children is considered a sentinel public health event because it often indicates recent transmission from an infectious adult case. Additionally, potentially lethal forms of TB, such as TB meningitis or disseminated TB, can develop in very young children. In 2017, children younger than 15 years old comprised 8% of Georgia TB cases; 13 cases (2.0 per 100,000) were reported in children younger than 5 years old, 9 cases (0.6 per 100,000) were reported in children 5-14 years old. There were no cases of TB meningitis among children younger than 15 years old in 2017 in Georgia.
Latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) is a state of infection by the TB bacteria without evidence of clinically manifested active TB. LTBI in children younger than five years old is also a reportable disease in Georgia. When LTBI in a child less than five years of age is reported, public health personnel will initiate contact investigations to identify the source of the infection, recommend treatment for latent TB infection, follow up with the child to ensure completion of treatment and monitor for development of active TB disease. Early identification of TB infection and treatment in children can prevent progression to active disease and identify a previously undiagnosed and untreated case of active TB.
In 2017, 14 children younger than five years old were reported to have LTBI in Georgia; 1 (7%) was identified by TB screening by a non-public health provider and 13 (93%) were identified by contact investigations performed by county health department staff.
TB Drug Resistance
Among 141 culture-positive TB cases in Georgia during 2017, 100% were tested for initial drug susceptibility to the three first-line anti-TB medications: isoniazid (INH), rifampin (RIF), and ethambutol (EMB). Of 162 tested isolates from Georgia cases with no previous history of TB, 13 (8%) had primary resistance to INH, three (2%) to RIF, and one to EMB (<1%) (Table 4). There were three reported cases of multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB, i.e. TB resistant to at least INH and RIF) in 2017, as in 2016. The percentage of TB cases with primary INH resistance (INH-R) in Georgia ranged from 7% to 20% in the past five years, while an average of two MDR-TB cases per year was reported in Georgia over that same period (Figure 14).
2017 GEORGIA TUBERCULOSIS REPORT 7
Indicators of TB Infectiousness: Pulmonary TB
Persons with pulmonary or laryngeal TB have a greater potential to infect others with TB, and infectiousness is higher if their sputum smears are positive for acid-fast bacilli (AFB), sputum cultures are positive for Mycobacterium tuberculosis, or cavitary lesions are present on chest radiography. In 2017, 78% of all Georgia TB cases had pulmonary TB. Of the pulmonary TB cases, 60% had sputum cultures that were positive for Mycobacterium tuberculosis, 44% were sputum AFB smear-positive, and 24% showed cavitary lesions on chest radiography.
TB Initial Diagnosis, Healthcare Settings, and Directly Observed Therapy
In Georgia, the majority of TB cases are initially diagnosed in a hospital or clinic and are followed up by county health departments after discharge to continue their TB treatment. In 2017, 157 (54%) of the 293 TB cases in Georgia were diagnosed (and reported) initially by a hospital or clinic. Seven hospitals in Georgia reported five or more TB cases in 2017.
Among TB cases with available data on type of outpatient healthcare provider, county health departments provided case management for 87% of all Georgia TB cases; 7% of cases were treated by health department and private physician, 5% of cases were cared for solely by a private physician and managed solely as in-patients, and 1% were treated at correctional facilities. County health department staff provides directly observed therapy (DOT) to TB patients, which entails watching a patient swallow every dose of their TB treatment medications for at least 6 months. Among 277 Georgia TB cases reported in 2017 with available case completion data, 88% received TB treatment entirely by DOT and 8% were treated by a combination of DOT and selfadministered therapy.
TB Mortality
Twelve persons died of TB in Georgia in 2017, where the age-adjusted TB mortality rate in 2017 was 0.1 per 100,000. From 2013 to 2017, a mean of 12 people died of TB in Georgia each year. Within these years, the highest number of deaths from TB was reported in 2016 with 18 deaths.
TB Treatment Outcomes
Among 267 TB cases in Georgia who started treatment for TB in 2016, (the most recent year with completed treatment outcome data), 250 (94%) completed treatment (Table 5). Ten patients (4%) were lost to follow-up, 2 had an adverse event (1%), and 5 cases (2%) had other or unknown treatment outcomes as of this report. Eligible TB patients exclude patients who died within one year of initiating treatment or who left the U.S. while on TB treatment.
TB Contact Investigations and Latent TB Infection
Public health authorities routinely conduct contact investigations among persons exposed to a TB case to identify any secondary TB cases and contacts with latent TB infection (LTBI). Index TB cases (first case identified in an investigation) with positive acid-fast bacillus (AFB) sputum-smear
2017 GEORGIA TUBERCULOSIS REPORT 8
results or pulmonary cavities have the highest priority for investigation. During a contact investigation, public health staff conduct in-person interviews and ask recent contacts to a TB case whether they have TB-like symptoms, administer a TB skin test (TST) or interferon gamma release assay (IGRA), repeat the TST or IGRA 8-10 weeks after the last exposure to the index case if the initial TST or IGRA is negative, and have a chest radiology exam performed if the TST or IGRA is positive. Persons with LTBI have a positive TST or IGRA, but are asymptomatic and have a normal chest radiology exam. They are not contagious but have a 10% chance of developing TB disease if they do not receive treatment for LTBI.
Among 3,584 identified contacts of Georgia TB cases reported in 2016 (the latest year with completed contact investigation data), 2,778 (78%) were completely evaluated for TB. Of the completely evaluated contacts, 489 (18%) had LTBI and 33 (1%) had TB disease. Among the 489 contacts with LTBI, 340 (70%) started LTBI treatment and of those, 260 (76%) completed LTBI treatment, 28 (8%) chose to stop LTBI treatment on their own, 19 (6%) were lost to follow-up, 7 (2%) had adverse side effects, 10 (3%) moved elsewhere, and 10 (3%) discontinued treatment due to a provider's decision. In 2019, efforts will be made to improve data quality about contact elicitation, examination, and LTBI treatment completion.
Currently, LTBI is not a reportable disease in Georgia but is expected to be declared so in the coming year.
TB Genotyping
TB genotyping is a laboratory method that determines the genetic relatedness of TB strains among different patients with culture-positive TB disease. Identical genotypes among persons with TB disease suggest recent person-to-person transmission. The state TB program routinely analyzes TB genotype clusters, which are comprised of two or more TB cases with identical genotypes, to identify recent TB transmission, to describe risk factors for transmission, to identify possible sources of transmission, and to determine ways to stop transmission. From 2013-2017, 87 small (2-3 TB cases), 26 medium (4-9 cases), and seven large ( 10 cases) TB genotype clusters were identified in Georgia. Figure 17 displays the proportion of small, medium, and large TB genotype clusters per year from 2013-2017. Table 6 summarizes the distribution of selected medium TB genotype clusters and large TB genotype clusters across several counties in Georgia in 2017. TB cases associated with these clusters were predominantly reported from DeKalb, Fulton, and Gwinnett Counties.
2017 GEORGIA TUBERCULOSIS REPORT 9
Table 1. Number of TB Cases and TB Case Rates per 100,000 population by County,
Georgia, 2016-2017.
2016
2017
COUNTY
Cases
Rate
Cases
Rate
Appling
0
0
< 5
--
Atkinson
0
0
0
0
Bacon
0
0
0
0
Baker
0
0
0
0
Baldwin
0
0
0
0
Banks
0
0
0
0
Barrow
< 5
--
< 5
--
Bartow
< 5
--
< 5
--
Ben Hill
0
0
0
0
Berrien
< 5
--
0
0
Bibb
7
4.6
< 5
--
Bleckley
0
0
0
0
Brantley
0
0
0
0
Brooks
< 5
--
0
0
Bryan
0
0
< 5
--
Bulloch
0
0
< 5
--
Burke
0
0
0
0
Butts
< 5
--
0
0
Calhoun
0
0
0
0
Camden
0
0
< 5
--
Candler
0
0
0
0
Carroll
0
0
< 5
--
Catoosa
< 5
--
0
0
Charlton
0
0
0
0
Chatham
7
2.4
< 5
--
Chattahoochee
0
0
0
0
Chattooga
0
0
0
0
Cherokee
0
0
< 5
--
Clarke
< 5
--
< 5
--
Clay
< 5
--
< 5
--
Clayton
12
4.3
9
3.2
Clinch
0
0
0
0
Cobb
24
3.2
15
2.0
Coffee
0
0
0
0
Colquitt
< 5
--
0
0
Columbia*
< 5
--
< 5
--
Augusta State Medical Prison Cook Coweta Crawford Crisp
0
0
< 5
--
0
0
0
0
< 5
--
< 5
--
0
0
0
0
0
0
< 5
--
2017 GEORGIA TUBERCULOSIS REPORT 10
COUNTY
Dade Dawson Decatur DeKalb Dodge Dooly Dougherty Douglas Early Echols Effingham Elbert Emanuel Evans Fannin Fayette Floyd Forsyth Franklin Fulton Gilmer Glascock Glynn Gordon Grady Greene Gwinnett Habersham Hall Hancock Haralson Harris Hart Heard Henry Houston Irwin*
Irwin County Detention Center Jackson Jasper Jeff Davis Jefferson Jenkins Johnson
2016 Cases
0 0 < 5 58 0 0 5 5 0 0 < 5 0 < 5 0 < 5 < 5 < 5 < 5 < 5 44 0 0 < 5 0 < 5 0 33 0 < 5 0 0 0 < 5 0 < 5 < 5 0
Rate
0 0 -7.8 0 0 5.6 3.5 0 0 -0 -0 -----4.3 0 0 -0 -0 3.6 0 -0 0 0 -0 --0
< 5
--
0
0
0
0
0
0
5
31.4
0
0
0
0
Cases
0 0 < 5 66 0 < 5 < 5 < 5 0 0 < 5 0 0 0 0 < 5 < 5 6 0 42 0 0 < 5 0 < 5 0 39 0 7 0 0 0 < 5 0 < 5 < 5 0
2017
Rate
0 0 -8.8 0 ---0 0 -0 0 0 0 --2.6 0 4.0 0 0 -0 -0 4.2 0 3.5 0 0 0 -0 --0
< 5
--
0
0
0
0
< 5
--
< 5
--
0
0
0
0
2017 GEORGIA TUBERCULOSIS REPORT 11
COUNTY
Jones Lamar Lanier Laurens Lee Liberty Lincoln Long Lowndes Lumpkin Macon Madison Marion McDuffie McIntosh Meriwether Miller Mitchell Monroe Montgomery Morgan Murray Muscogee Newton Oconee Oglethorpe Paulding Peach Pickens Pierce Pike Polk Pulaski Putnam Quitman Rabun Randolph Richmond Rockdale Schley Screven Seminole Spalding
2016 Cases
0 < 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 < 5 0 < 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 11 < 5 0 0 < 5 0 0 < 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 < 5 0 < 5 0 < 5
Rate
0 -0 0 0 0 0 0 -0 -0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5.6 -0 0 -0 0 -0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.0 -0 -0 --
Cases
0 < 5 0 < 5 0 < 5 0 0 < 5 0 < 5 0 < 5 0 0 0 < 5 6 0 0 0 0 6 < 5 < 5 0 < 5 < 5 0 < 5 0 0 0 0 < 5 0 0 7 < 5 0 0 < 5 < 5
2017
Rate
0 -0 -0 -0 0 -0 -0 -0 0 0 -26.9 0 0 0 0 3.1 --0 --0 -0 0 0 0 -0 0 3.5 -0 0 ---
2017 GEORGIA TUBERCULOSIS REPORT 12
COUNTY
Stephens Stewart*
2016 Cases
0 0
Rate 0 0
Cases < 5 0
2017
Rate -0
Stewart Detention Center
0
0
< 5
--
Sumter
< 5
--
< 5
--
Talbot
< 5
--
0
0
Taliaferro
0
0
0
0
Tattnall
< 5
--
0
0
Taylor
0
0
0
0
Telfair
0
0
0
0
Terrell
< 5
--
< 5
--
Thomas
0
0
< 5
--
Tift
< 5
--
0
0
Toombs
0
0
0
0
Towns
0
0
0
0
Treutlen
0
0
0
0
Troup
< 5
--
< 5
--
Turner
0
0
< 5
--
Twiggs
0
0
0
0
Union
0
0
0
0
Upson
0
0
< 5
--
Walker
0
0
0
0
Walton
< 5
--
0
0
Ware
0
0
0
0
Warren
0
0
0
0
Washington
0
0
0
0
Wayne
< 5
--
0
0
Webster
0
0
0
0
Wheeler
< 5
--
0
0
White
0
0
0
0
Whitfield
< 5
--
< 5
--
Wilcox
0
0
0
0
Wilkes
0
0
0
0
Wilkinson
0
0
0
0
Worth
0
0
0
0
GEORGIA
301
2.9
293
2.8
*Reported cases and calculated case rates in these counties exclude cases from corresponding prisons and
detentions centers
Note: In counties where one to four cases were reported, "< 5" is used to represent the number of reported cases, and the case rate is not calculated.
Data Sources: 1) Case counts from State Electronic Notifiable Disease Surveillance System (SendSS) data as of July 17th, 2018; 2) Rates calculated using population estimates obtained from the U.S. Census Bureau via https://oasis.state.ga.us/oasis/webquery/qryPopulation.aspx.
2017 GEORGIA TUBERCULOSIS REPORT 13
Table 2. Number of TB Cases and TB Case Rates per 100,000 population by Health
District, Georgia, 2016 2017.
2016
2017
Health District
Cases
Rate
Cases
Rate
1.1 Rome
5
0.8
5
0.7
1.2 Dalton
5
1.1
5
1.0
2.0 Gainesville
9
1.3
16
2.3
3.1 Cobb
29
3.3
18
2.0
3.2 Fulton
44
4.3
42
4.0
3.3 Clayton
12
4.3
9
3.2
3.4 Lawrenceville
37
3.4
42
3.8
3.5 DeKalb
58
7.8
66
8.8
4.0 LaGrange
13
1.5
11
1.3
5.1 Dublin
< 5
--
< 5
--
5.2 Macon
9
1.7
5
0.9
6.0 Augusta*
18
3.7
11
2.3
Augusta State Medical Prison
0
0
7.0 Columbus*
17
4.6
< 5
--
16
4.4
Stewart Detention Center
0
0
< 5
--
8.1 Valdosta*
7
2.7
< 5
--
Irwin County Detention Center
< 5
--
< 5
--
8.2 Albany
13
3.7
17
4.9
9.1 Coastal
10
1.6
11
1.8
9.2 Waycross
5
1.4
5
1.4
10.0 Athens
8
1.6
< 5
--
Total
301
2.9
293
2.8
*Reported cases and calculated case rates in these health districts exclude cases from corresponding prisons and detentions centers
Note: In districts where one to four cases were reported, "< 5" is used to represent the number of reported cases, and the case rate is not calculated.
Data Sources: 1) Case counts from State Electronic Notifiable Disease Surveillance System (SendSS) data as of July 17th, 2018; 2) Rates calculated using population estimates obtained from the U.S. Census Bureau via https://oasis.state.ga.us/oasis/webquery/qryPopulation.aspx.
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Table 3. Percentage of TB Cases with Known Risk Factors for TB, by Health District,
Georgia, 2017.
Health District Foreign- Known Homeless Inmate Nursing Substance
born %
HIV
%
% Home % Abuse %
Infected %
1.1 Rome
40
0
0
0
0
0
1.2 Dalton
40
0
0
0
0
0
2.0 Gainesville
31
6
6
0
0
19
3.1 Cobb
78
17
11
0
0
17
3.2 Fulton
38
14
14
2
0
24
3.3 Clayton
67
0
0
0
0
11
3.4 Lawrenceville
67
12
7
0
0
17
3.5 DeKalb
77
3
2
2
2
9
4.0 LaGrange
55
0
9
9
0
45
5.1 Dublin
0
50
50
0
0
100
5.2 Macon
40
20
11
20
0
40
6.0 Augusta
9
9
0
0
0
27
ASMP only
0
0
0
100
0
0
7.0 Columbus
31
13
6
0
0
38
ICE only
100
0
0
100
0
0
8.1 Valdosta
50
50
0
25
0
25
8.2 Albany
18
0
0
0
0
24
9.1 Coastal
45
0
0
0
0
17
9.2 Waycross
40
0
0
0
0
40
10 Athens
100
0
0
0
0
0
Georgia
53
8
5
3
0.3
19
Table 4. Primary Resistance to First-line Anti-TB Medications, Georgia, 2017.
TB Drug
Isoniazid
Rifampin
Ethambutol
Cases Percent* Cases Percent* Cases Percent*
Georgia Total
13
7
3
2
1
1
*Denominator equals the cases with completed drug susceptibility testing
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Table 5. Completion of TB Treatment and Completion of TB Treatment within 12
months by Health District, Georgia, 2015-2016.
Health District
2015
2016
Completion Completion of Completion Completion of
of TB Treatment*
(%)
TB Treatment of TB
within 12 Treatment*
months (%)
(%)
TB Treatment
within 12 months (%)
1.1 Rome
100
100
100
100
1.2 Dalton
100
100
100
100
2.0 Gainesville
100
94
88
100
3.1 Cobb
100
79
89
76
3.2 Fulton
98
94
100
100
3.3 Clayton
100
100
100
88
3.4 Lawrenceville
93
93
90
81
3.5 DeKalb
94
89
91
88
4.0 LaGrange
100
100
92
92
5.1 Dublin
100
100
100
100
5.2 Macon
100
100
89
89
6.0 Augusta
100
50
100
81
ASMP
100
100
--
--
7.0 Columbus**
93
69
92
67
8.1 Valdosta
100
100
80
100
8.2 Albany
100
100
92
83
9.1 Coastal
100
100
100
100
9.2 Waycross
100
100
100
100
10 Athens
100
100
100
83
Georgia Total
98
90
94
88
*Cases who died or who left the U.S. while on TB treatment are excluded Cases who died or who left the U.S. during TB treatment, rifampin-resistant cases, meningeal TB, TB of the bone, joint or central nervous system, and children < 15 years old with miliary TB are excluded **Treatment completion data from Columbus are missing for three cases at the time of this report and are excluded from this table
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Table 6. Medium and Large TB Genotype Clusters, by County, Georgia, 2013-2017.
GENType (counties)
Total Cases in Cluster
Medium Clusters (4-9 cases*)
G00012
6
Chatham, Cobb, DeKalb, Fulton
G15085
6
Fulton, Macon
G30478
6
DeKalb, Fulton, Gwinnett
G05614
8
Cobb, DeKalb, Fulton, Spalding
G10773
8
DeKalb, Fulton, Muscogee, Richmond
G16216
8
Bibb, Columbia, Houston, Laurens
G00010
9
Clayton, Cobb, Effingham, Fulton, Terrell
G15727
9
Bibb, Fulton
G00518
8
DeKalb, Gwinnett, Muscogee
Large Clusters (>10 cases)
G10462
10
Douglas, Fulton, Gwinnett, Hall
G10063
13
Muscogee, Talbot
G10763
15
Franklin, Gwinnett, Hart, Houston, Newton, Richmond
G12352
19
Clarke, Columbia, Hall, Jackson, Stephens
G00013
21
Appling, Clayton, Coweta, Dawson, DeKalb, Douglas, Fulton, Glynn, Gwinnett, Spalding
G10265
21
Carroll, Clayton, Dougherty, Laurens, Lee, Miller, Mitchell, Troup, Upson
G05625
55
Chatham, Cobb, DeKalb, Fulton, Paulding, Rockdale
*Of the medium-sized genotype clusters, only clusters with 6-9 cases per cluster are reported in this table
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Proportion
Figure 17. Proportion of Small, Medium, and Large TB Genotype Clusters, Georgia, 2013-
2017 (N=120)
1
0.9
0.14
0.8
0.86
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0 2013
0.05 0.15 0.80
2014
0.06 0.18 0.76
2015
0.25 0.75
2016
0.06 0.22 0.73
2017
Small (2-3 cases) Medium (4-9 cases) Large (>10 cases)
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Tuberculosis Morbidity Trends by Health District, Georgia, 1997-2017
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