Manual of the General Assembly of the state of Georgia, 1955-1956

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the library of
the UNIVERSITY OF GEORGIA
LV s
I
A
6
MANUAL
of the
GENERAL ASSEMBLY
of
The State of Georsia
19551956
Compiled by
BEN W FORTSON JR
Secretary of State
STATE OFFICERS
EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT Marvin Griffin Governor Ben T Wiggins Executive Secretary Mrs Margaret M Hames Personal Secretary Miss Melba Griffin Receptionist
LIEUTENANTGOVERNOR
S Ernest Vandiver LieutenantGovernor
SECRETARY OF STATE
Ben W Fortson Jr Secretary of State
Joe N Burton Assistant to the Secretary of State
R C Coleman Joint Secretary State Examining Boards
COMPTROLLERGENERAL
Zack D Cravey ComptrollerGeneral
Hubert McDonald Assistant Comptroller General
F E Robinson State Fire Marshal
LAW DEPARTMENT
Eugene Cook Attorney General Assistant Attorneys General
A J Hartley First Assistant Henry Grady Almand Jr
Julian Bennett Robert Hall Douglas King E Freeman Leverett Paul Miller
William L Norton Jr
J R Parham Hamilton B Stephens Andrew J Tuten
Deputy Assistant Attorneys General 1 Max Cheney Dudley Cook Bill Drafting Unit
Frank H Edwards Deputy Director
III
LIBRARIES GE0RGL
TREASURY DEPARTMENT
George B Hamilton State Treasurer Horace Hixon Assistant State Treasurer
EDUCATION State Department of
M D Collins State Superintendent of Schools Dr Claude Purcell Assistant State Superintendent of Schools
AGRICULTURE State Department of Phil Campbell Commissioner
LABOR State Department of Ben T Huiet Commissioner W A Clyde Assistant Commissioner Marion Williamson Director Employment Security Agency
PUBLIC SERVICE COMMISSION Matt L McWhorter Chairman Allen Chappell ViceChairman James Perry Commissioner Walter McDonald Commissioner Crawford L Pilcher Commissioner
A 0 Randall Executive Secretary
AUDITING DEPARTMENT
B E Thrasher Jr State Auditor and Assistant
Budget Director
BANKING DEPARTMENT State A P Persons Superintendent W M Jackson Assistant Superintendent
REVENUE State Department of T V Williams Commissioner W Vaughn Rice Deputy Commissioner G Albert Dozier Director Sales Tax Unit
MILITARY DEPARTMENT
MGen George J Hearn Adjutant General
BGen Charlie F Camp Assistant Adjutant General Army
BGen Homer Flynn Assistant Adjutant General Air
IV
VETERANS SERVICE State Department of Peter Wheeler Director
WORKMENS COMPENSATION BOARD Lawton W Griffin Chairman Arlie D Tucker Director W E Buckner Director Richard W Best SecretaryTreasurer
ARCHIVES AND HISTORY Department of Mrs Mary Givens Bryan Director
LIBRARY State
Miss Jane Oliver State Librarian
Miss Vera Jameson Administrative Assistant
PUBLIC WELFARE State Department of Alan Kemper Director Phil Cawthon Assistant Director
PURCHASING DEPARTMENT
C Lawton Shaw Supervisor of Purchases
W G Pearlman Assistant Supervisor of Purchases
S F Skrine Purchasing Agent
Roy L Butterworth Purchasing Agent
Andrew Fite Purchasing Agent
CONFEDERATE PENSIONS AND RECORDS
DEPARTMENT
Miss Lillian Henderson Director
CORRECTIONS Department of Jack Forrester Director J B Hatchett Assistant Director Robert J Carter Chief Clerk
PARDON AND PAROLE BOARD State Hugh Carney Chairman William H Kimbrough Member Mrs Rebecca L Garrett Member
U BOARD OF REGENTS
Dr Harmon W Caldwell Chancellor 0 M Gordon Brown Assistant Chancellor
V
John E Sims Assistant to the Chancellor on leave
L R Seibert Executive Secretary James A Blissit Treasurer
J H Dewberry Dir Plant Bus Operations
PUBLIC HEALTH Department of Dr T F Sellers Director
PUBLIC SAFETY Department of Col W C Dominy Director
BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION Georgia Maj Delmar Jones Director
Lt B G Ragsdale Assistant Director in charge of Identification
ENTOMOLOGY Department of C H Alden Director
William E Blasingame Assistant Director
STATE HIGHWAY BOARD
W A Blasingame Chairman
C Dixon Oxford Member John E Quillian Member Benton Odom Treasurer
STATE PARKS Department of Roy Chalker Director
John M Mann Assistant Director and Chief Engineer Mrs Marjorie E Murphey Executive SecretaryTreasurer
MINES MINING AND GEOLOGY Department of Garland Peyton Director Dr A S Furcron Chief Geologist Dr Vernon Hurst Assistant Geologist
FORESTRY COMMISSION Georgia
H Guyton DeLoach Director L A Hargreaves Jr Assistant to the Director I H E Ruark Chief of Forest Fire Control
W H McComb Chief of Forest Management George Bishop Assistant Director Administration
VI
MILK CONTROL BOARD State Charles G Duncan Chairman
PERSONNEL BOARD State
M Cook Barwick Stanley Brooks
R M Walker
Edwin L Swain Director State Merit System of Personnel Administration
PHARMACY State Board of
P D Horkan Chief Drug Inspector
GEORGIA STATE MUSEUM of Science and Industry Annette McLean Director
GAME AND FISH State Department of Fulton Lovell Director
COMMERCE State Department of Scott Candler Secretary Nelson Shipp Assistant Secretary
STATE CHEMIST
C Reynolds Clark State Chemist Felton A McEntire Chief Staff Chemist R A Moncrief Chief Pesticides Inspector
BUILDINGS AND GROUNDS
William S Yeates Building Engineer
VII
UNITED STATES SENATORS
Richard B Russell Winder Georgia
Walter F George Vienna Georgia
UNITED STATES CONGRESSMEN
District
1 Prince H Preston
2 J L Pilcher
3 E L Tic Forrester
4 John J Flynt Jr
5 James C Davis
6 Carl Vinson
7 Henderson Lanham
8 Iris Faircloth Blitch
9 Phil M Landrum
10 Paul Brown
Statesboro
Meigs
Leesburg
Griffin
Decatur
Milledgeville
Rome
Homerville
Jasper
Elberton
SUPREME COURT OF GEORGIA
Law
Assistants
W H Duckworth Chief
Justice Robert H Brinson Jr
Lee B Wyatt Presiding
Justice T E Duncan
Associate Justices J H Hawkins Bond Almand T Grady Head T S Candler Carlton Mobley Katharine C Bleckley Clerk Henry H Cobb Deputy Clerk Arthur H Codington Reporter Geo H Richter Assistant Reporter Lewis R Waddey Sheriff
L Harold Glore Claude M Houser Maud Saunders Effie A Mahan A B Estes
VIII
COURT OF APPEALS OF GEORGIA
Law
Assistants
Jule W Felton Chief
Judge M Roscoe Lowery
B C Gardner Presiding
Judge Mrs Gladys T Medlock
Judges
J M C Townsend Ira Carlisle Joseph Quillian H E Nichols William G England Clerk
Mrs Alfredda John E Hogg Grady Almand Ben Estes
Morgan Thomas Deputy Clerk Arthur H Codington Reporter Geo H Richter Assistant Reporter J I Guice Sheriff
Wilkerson
IX
ALAPAHA CIRCUIT
Edwin R Smith Judge Nashville
Ben T Willoughby SolicitorGeneral Homerville
ALBANY CIRCUIT
Carl E Crow Judge Camilla
Maston E ONeal SolicitorGeneral Bainbridge
ATLANTA CIRCUIT
E E Andrews Judge Atlanta
Walter C Hendrix Judge Atlanta
Virlyn B Moore Judge Atlanta
Ralph Pharr Judge Atlanta
Claude D Shaw Judge Atlanta
George P Whitman Sr Judge Atlanta
Jesse M Wood Judge Atlanta
Paul Webb SolicitorGeneralAtlanta
ATLANTIC CIRCUIT
Melville Price Judge Ludowici
Bruce D Dubberly SolicitorGeneralGlennville
AUGUSTA CIRCUIT
Grover C Anderson Judge Waynesboro
F Frederick Kennedy JudgeAugusta
George Hains SolicitorGeneral Augusta
BLUE RIDGE CIRCUIT
Howell Brooke Judge Canton
H Grady Vandiviere SolicitorGeneral Canton
BRUNSWICK CIRCUIT
Douglas F Thomas JudgeJesup
W Glenn Thomas SolicitorGeneral Jesup
X
CHATTAHOOCHEE CIRCUIT
T Hicks Fort Judge Columbus
Russell C Davison Jr SolicitorGeneralColumbus
CHEROKEE CIRCUIT
James H Paschall Judge f Calhmin
Erwin Mitchell SolicitorGeneral W Dalton
COBB CIRCUIT
James T Manning Judge Marietta
Luther C Hames Jr SolicitorGeneralMarietta
CORDELE CIRCUIT
Wendell Horne Jr Judge Cordele
Harvey L Jay SolicitorGeneralFitzgerald
COWETA CIRCUIT
Samuel J Boykin Judge Carrollton
Wright Lipford SolicitorGeneralNewnan
DUBLIN CIRCUIT
Rufus I Stephens Judge Dublin
W W Larsen Jr SolicitorGenerali Dublin
EASTERN CIRCUIT
David S Atkinson JudgeSavannah
Edwin A McWhorter Judge Savannah
Andrew J Ryan SolicitorGeneral Savannah
FLINT CIRCUIT
Thomas J Brown Jr Judge McDonough
Hugh Dorsey Sosebee SolicitorGeneral Forsyth
XI
GRIFFIN CIRCUIT
John H McGehee Judge Thomaston
Andrew J Whalen Jr SolicitorGeneral Griffin
LOOKOUT MOUNTAIN CIRCUIT
John W Davis Judge Summerville
Earl B Bill Self SolicitorGeneralSummerville
MACON CIRCUIT
A M Anderson JudgePerry
Oscar L Long Judge Macon
William M West SolicitorGeneralMacon
MIDDLE CIRCUIT
Robert H Humphrey Judge Swainsboro
W H Lanier SolicitorGeneral Metter
MOUNTAIN CIRCUIT
John E Frankum Judge Clarkesville
Winston Owen SolicitorGeneral Toccoa
NORTHEASTERN CIRCUIT
G Fred Kelley Judge Gainesville
Jeff Wayne SolicitorGeneral Gainesville
NORTHERN CIRCUIT
Clark Edwards Jr Judge1Elberton
Carey Skelton SolicitorGeneralHartwell
OCMULGEE CIRCUIT
George S Carpenter Judge Milledgeville
George D Lawrence SolicitorGeneralEatonton
OCONEE CIRCUIT
Eschol Graham Judge J McRae
Roger H Lawson SolicitorGeneraliHawkinsville
OGEECHEE CIRCUIT
J L Renfroe Judge1 Statesboro
Walton Usher SolicitorGeneralGuyton
PATAULA CIRCUIT
Walter I Geer Judgel Colquitt
R A Patterson SolicitorGeneralCuthbert
PIEDMONT CIRCUIT
John C Houston Judge Lawrenceville
Hope D Stark SolicitorGeneralLawrencevilile
ROME CIRCUIT
Mack G Hicks Judge Rome
Chastine Parker SolicitorGeneralRome
SOUTHERN CIRCUIT
George R Lilly JudgeQuitman
J B Edwards SolicitorGeneralThomasville
SOUTHWESTERN CIRCUIT
Cleveland Rees Judge Preston
Charles Burgamy SolicitorGeneralAmericus
STONE MOUNTAIN CIRCUIT
Frank H Guess JudgeJDecatur
Clarence R Vaughn Judge Conyers
Roy C Leathers SolicitorGeneralDecatur
XIII
TALLAPOOSA CIRCUIT
W A Foster Jr Judge Dallas
Robert J Nolan SolicitorGeneraliDouglasville
TIFTON CIRCUIT
J Bowie Gray Judge Tifton
W J Forehand SolicitorGeneraljSylvester
TOOMBS CIRCUIT
C J Perryman Judge Thomson
J Cecil Davis SolicitorGeneral Warrenton
WAYCROSS CIRCUIT
Walter Thomas Judge Waycross
J R Walker SolicitorGeneral Blackshear
WESTERN CIRCUIT
Carlisle Cobb JudgerAthens
D Marshall Pollock SolicitorGeneralMonroe
XIV
BOARDS AND COMMISSIONS
ADVERTISING COMMISSION Georgia
Nelson Shipp Chairman Herbert Bondurant Horace Caldwell Howard Callaway Flournoy Fiske Jesse Jewell Alfred Jones J J McDonough Harrell Perkins W S Stuckey C E Woolman
AERONAUTIC ADVISORY BOARD
James V Carmichael Carter Peterson Wallace B Sheffield Phil Spooner
ALCOHOLISM Georgia Commission on
Judge J Henry Howard Chairman
Dr T F Sellers ViceChairman
Mrs Myra Bonner
Charlie Collins
Elder W C Chandler
Frank U Garrard Jr
Charles B Methvin
Paul Fraser Ex Director and Secretary
ART COMMISSION for the State of Georgia
Edward Allen Moulthrop Chairman Miss Thelma D Brownett Secretary
D Collier Houston Alexander R Lawton Lamar Dodd
XV
ATLANTIC STATES MARINE FISHERIES COMMISSION
Fulton Lovell exofficio as Director Department of Game and Fish
John P Drinkard exofficio as Legislator and member
Ga Commission on Interstate Cooperation
J B Miller
BRIDGE BUILDING AUTHORITY State
W A Blasingame Chairman exofficio as Chairman of the State Highway Board John J McLanahan ViceChairman Frank Binford
CAPITOL SQUARE IMPROVEMENT COMMITTEE
M D Collins Eugene Cook J M Forrester Ben T Huiet Charles D Redwine Dr T F Sellers
B E Thrasher Jr
Ernest Vandiver
CIVIL DEFENSE ADVISORY COUNCIL
Marvin Griffin Chairman exofficio as Governor
James L Gillis
B W Hughes Eugene Yawn Alan Kemper Dr Preston Sumner Eugene Cook John Brock Tom Linder Ben T Wiggins Warren DeBeaugrine Dr M D Collins Tom Daniel Jr
1st Congressional 2nd Congressional 3rd Congressional 4th Congressional 5th Congressional 6th Congressional 7th Congressional 8th Congressional 9th Congressional 10th Congressional
District
District
District
District
District
District
District
District
District
District
XVI
Guyton DeLoach Miss Dana Hudson W W Jefferson Edward E McGarity Dr T F Sellers J H Thompson George Wilson
CLAIMS ADVISORY BOARD State
W A Blasingame exofficio as Chairman State Highway Board
Ben W Fortson Jr exofficio as Secretary of State Dr T F Sellers exofficio as Director Department of Public Health
COMMERCE State Board of
Emory L Butler Chairman Y F Geeslin Ben Jessup Hoke Peters
CORRECTIONS State Board of
L C Burns Chairman Walter B Morrison
C O Nixon R W Rollins J B Stanley
DEAF AND BLIND State School Building Authority for the
Grady McSpadden Robert L Scoggin W M Weaver Jr
EDUCATION State Board of
H W Blount 1st Congressional District
William T Bodenhamer 2nd Congressional District
XVII
Clarke W Duncan James S Peters George P Whitman Jr W H Lovett Henry A Stewart Sr Lonnie E Sweat Irwin R Kimsey Mrs Julius Y Talmadge
3rd Congressional District 4th Congressional District 5th Congressional District 6th Congressional District 7th Congressional District 8th Congressional District 9th Congressional District 10th Congressional District
EDUCATION Georgia Commission on
George Smith Frank Twitty Mrs Charles Crisp Harvey Cutts Miss Ira Jarrell Mark Smith Battle Hall W S Mann John Wood Roy Harris
1st Congressional District 2nd Congressional District 3rd Congressional District 4th Congressional District 5th Congressional District 6th Congressional District 7th Congressional District 8th Congressional District 9th Congressional District 10th Congressional District
John Sammons Bell Representative Georgia Bar Association
Exofficio members Governor Chairman Lieutenant Governor Attorney General State Superintendent of Schools State Auditor Speaker of the House Chancellor University of Georgia Chairman Board of Regents Chairman State Board of Education Chairman Judicial Council of Georgia
EMPLOYEES RETIREMENT FUND Board of Trustees
Dr T F Abercrombie George B Culpepper Jr
Ben T Huiet
James D Robinson Jr
Exofficio members State Insurance Commissioner State Auditor Director State Merit System
XVIII
EMPLOYMENT SECURITY AGENCY Board of Review
Frank A Constangy John Lytjen W 0 Purser
ENGINEERING ADVISORY BOARD
Lawrence W Robert Jr Chairman
Roy J Boston
Josiah N Eley
Garland Peyton
Alan G Stanford
EUGENICS State Board of
Alan Kemper exofficio as Director State Board of Social Security
Dr T F Sellers exofficio as Director State Board of Health
Dr Thomas G Peacock exofficio as Supertintendent Milledgeville State Hospital
FACTORY FOR THE BLIND Advisory Board to Board Managers of
Charlie Baggarly J D Cowart Jr
Ralph Primm Roy Sewell Vaughn Terrell Dr P Lee Williams
Exofficio members State Treasurer State Superintendent of Schools Director State Board of Social Security State Supervisor of Purchases Director Division of Vocational Rehab
FOREST RESEARCH COUNCIL Georgia
Wallace Adams Chairman Charles B West ViceChairman
Mose Gordon
J J Armstrong T E Kennedy Henry G Garrard
H Guyton DeLoach SecretaryTreasurer exofficio as
Director Georgia Forestry Commission
FORESTRY COMMISSION State
Henry O Cummings Charlie Jordan Jr
Sam H Morgan
K S Yarn
GAME AND FISH COMMISSION State
James F Darby Jr Richard Tift Cason J Callaway Jr J D Pope James Oliver Bowen George East William B Austin Alva J Hopkins Fred Jones Jr
Luke Couch James A Goethe
1st Congressional District 2nd Congressional District 3rd Congressional District 4th Congressional District 5th Congressional District 6th Congressional District 7th Congressional District 8th Congressional District 9th Congressional District 10th Congressional District Coastal Counties
GEORGIA CITIZENS COUNCIL
James W Adams
Steven Graham Bland
Judge H W Bussey
Rev Frank Craton
Mrs Enda Duggan
C H Edwards
Miss Marion Faircloth
Harold Gates
James Griffin
Herman Richard Kaminsky
John Hood
XX
D E Massey J L Fritz Roberts Mrs Chester A Ryals H Jack Short
D F Thomas Elmore C Thrash G Lee Watson Walter B Williams Sr
HEALTH State Board of
Dr J M Byne Jr
Dr Aldwin Geo Funderburke
Dr O C Brannen
Dr Marvin Head
Dr Harold P McDonald
Dr A M Phillips
Dr Fred H Simonton
Dr C J Maloy
Dr R L Rogers Chairman
Dr Thomas W Goodwin
Dr J B Butts
Dr W W Webb
Dr J G Williams
Dr J M Hawley
HERTY FOUNDATION Charles
1st Congressional District 2nd Congressional District 3rd Congressional District 4th Congressional District 5th Congressional District 6th Congressional District 7th Congressional District 8th Congressional District 9th Congressional District 10th Congressional District State at Large State at Large State at Large State at Large
Wallace Adams Harley Langdale Jr
John W Middleton Shelby Myrick Jr
Frank C Underwood Jr
HISTORICAL COMMISSION Georgia
Joseph B Cumming Chairman Henry A Alexander Milton L Fleetwood
A R Kelly
Alexander A Lawrence
C E Gregory Executive SecretaryDirector
XXI
HOSPITAL ADVISORY COMMITTEE
H C Derrick Walter L Graefe J J McLanahan H Carson Smith Frank A Smith Dr Thomas Connor Miss Dana Hudson Dr R F Spanjer Dr J T McCall Dr H Dawson Allen Dr Julian Quattlebaum Dr Joseph C Read Arthur T Stewart Oscar Hilliard George E Linney
HOSPITAL AUTHORITY State
Marvin Griffin exofficio as Governor Eugene Cook exofficio as Attorney General B E Thrasher Jr exofficio as State Auditor
HOUSING AUTHORITY State
Marvin Griffin exofficio as Governor
Zack D Cravey exofficio as ComptrollerGeneral
George B Hamilton exofficio as State Treasurer
JEKYLL ISLAND STATE PARK AUTHORITY
D B Blalock Chairman Mike Benton ViceChairman H Gould Barrett J D Compton B J Tarbutton
JUDICIAL COUNCIL
Charles J Bloch Chairman
W H Duckworth exofficio as Chief Justice Supreme Court
XXII
Judge T S Candler Judge T Hicks Fort Judge B C Gardner Judge C J Perryman Ernest Carlisle Tom Marshall Mrs Gertrude Harris Baxter Jones B D Murphy Roy Richards A S Skelton
LITERATURE COMMISSION State
W R Boswell Hubert L Dyar James P Wesberry
LIVESTOCK DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY
Harry L Brown Thomas G Callaway Jr
Jack B Ray Tom Steele
Exofficio members Commissioner of Agriculture Director Agricultural Extension Service
MEDICAL EDUCATION BOARD State
Dr C L Howard Dr John W Mauldin Dr J Hubert Milford
Exofficio members President Georgia Medical Association Immediate Past President Georgia Medical Association
MILK CONTROL BOARD
Charles G Duncan Chairman Sam G Bullock Producer Member Alvin L Lyons Store Member
XXIII
J H Kelly Consumer Member
Mrs Henry P Russell Sr ProducerDistributor Member George A Sancken Dealer Member T H Resseau Producer Member
OFFICE BUILDING AUTHORITY State
Marvin Griffin Exofficio as Governor S Ernest Vandiver Exofficio as Lieutenant Governor Eugene Cook Exofficio as Attorney General
B E Thrasher Jr Exofficio as State Auditor W H Duckworth Exofficio as Chief Justice Supreme Court of Georgia
OIL AND GAS COMMISSION
James D Pippin John Duncan Jr
L B Harrell
PARK AUTHORITY State
Scott Candler Murray Milton Howard Douglas McCurdy
PORTS AUTHORITY State
William R Bowdoin Chmn
M M Monroe
R E Frankenfield Wingate Dykes W D Trippe
D Leon Williams Atlanta Director Jack W Tumlin Traffic Manager
PUBLIC SAFETY Department of
W C Dominy Director Earl Hamrick
XXIV
D S Hudson
Exofficio members Governor Comptroller General Attorney General Adjutant General Chmn State Highway Department
RURAL ROADS AUTHORITY Georgia
Willis Harden L A Lee Dixon Oxford David S Price Walter Williams
SCHOOL BUILDING AUTHORITY State
Fred Hand Hatton Love joy
E F Vickers
Exofficio members State Superintendent of Schools Attorney General State Auditor Chairman State Board of Education
SOCIAL SECURITY State Board of
Alan Kemper Director Dr W K Smith 1st
Robert Chastain 2nd
Vacancy 3rd
Norman Peacock 4th
James Mann 5th
Edgar M Lancaster 6th
Lloyd Carpenter 7th
J Nolan Wells 8th
Marcus Mashburn 9th
Henry G Garrard 10th
Congressional
Congressional
Congressional
Congressional
Congressional
Congressional
Congressional
Congressional
Congressional
Congressional
SOIL CONSERVATION COMMITTEE State
Z P Almon J E Eubanks Jim L Gillis Jr
District
District
District
District
District
District
District
District
District
District
XXV
W F Hall
0 W Price n
Exofficio members Commissioner of Agriculture director State Agricultural Extension Service Director Georgia Agricultural Experiment Station Experiment Ga Director Georgia Coastal Plains Experiment Station T if ton Ga State Conservationist of the Soil Conservation Service Dean State College of Agriculture Director Vocational Agriculture in Georgia
SOUTHERN REGIONAL EDUCATION Board of Control for
Dr 0 C Aderhold
Dr Harmon W Caldwell
Robert Chappelle Matthews
STONE MOUNTAIN MEMORIAL ADVISORY COMMITTEE
Erie Cocke Jr
Dr A W Davis
Belmont Dennis
Dr Richard Marvin Eubanks
James L Gillis
Paul Ginsburg
Mrs Gertrude Harris
Mrs Ralph Hobbs
Jesse Jewell
Mrs Robert Harrison Jones Jr
Frank H Neely Kelsey Newington Flannery Pope Mrs S Y Stribling Jr
Elbert Tuttle Horace Vandiver H L Wingate Mrs Y H Yarbrough
TIDE WATER COMMISSION
John Frank Browning Liberty County Member Roscoff Deal Bryan County Member Homer Edenfield Camden County Member
XXVI
E Way Highsmith Glynn County Member Paul Ploeger McIntosh County Member Vacancy Chatham County Member
Exofficio members Director State Department of Game and Fish Chairman Senate Committee Game and Fish Chairman House Committee Game and Fish
TOLL BRIDGE AUTHORITY
Kenneth Dunwody Chmn
Robert B Lee DeNean Stafford
Exofficio members Attorney General State Revenue Commissioner Chairman Senate Finance Committee Chairman House Ways and Means Committee two members selected from Senate by Lieut Gov two members selected from House by Speaker of the House
TURNPIKE AUTHORITY Georgia
Dixon Oxford Chmn
John A Thigpen VChmn George Stewart
UNIVERSITY SYSTEM OF GEORGIA
Board of Regents
Everett Williams John I Spooner Howard H Callaway Robert O Arnold Chairman David Rice Charles J Bloch
C L Moss Francis Stubbs Sr
Edgar B Dunlap Sr
Roy V Harris Mrs Ada Moore Healey John J McDonough VChmn Freeman Strickland Frank D Foley
1st Congressional District 2nd Congressional District 3rd Congressional District 4th Congressional District 5th Congressional District 6th Congressional District 7th Congressional District 8th Congressional District 9th Congressional District 10th Congressional District State at Large State at Large State at Large State at Large
XXVII
Carey Williams State at Large
Building Authority
R H Driftmire George M Sparks
Exofficio members Attorney General State Auditor Chairman Board of Regents
VETERANS SERVICE State Board of
Harrison Bray
Blake Craft
Robert A Griffin
Allen Lumpkin Henson Chmn
Henry A Moses Morris Perlman James R Wynn Jr
VOCATIONAL TRADE SCHOOL BUILDING AUTHORITY
Glenn W Ellard J W Lott
Exofficio members State Superintendent of Schools Attorney General State Auditor
WATERWAYS COMMISSION Georgia
James W Woodruff Sr Chmn
Clarence Campbell Savannah River Basin member Valene Bennett Altamaha River Basin member James F Mann Etowah River Basin member Leon H Baughman Chattahoochee River Basin member
WORKMENS COMPENSATION MEDICAL BOARD
Dr F Kells Boland Jr Toxicologist member Dr Hugh Hailey Dermatologist member Dr Marcus Mashburn Jr Internal Medicine Specialist member
Dr J C Norris Pathologist member
Dr Albert A Rayle Roentgenologist member
XXVIII
PROFESSIONAL EXAMINING BOARDS R C Coleman Joint Secretary 111 State Capitol Atlanta Georgia
ACCOUNTANCY Georgia State Board of
Mack H Barnes C R Bush Victor Markwalter C V Stanton W W Stribling
ARCHITECTS State Board for Examination Qualification and Registration of
Doyle L Harvey Zone 1 member Cletus W Bergen Zone 2 member William D Eve Zone 3 member W J Gregson Zone U member Joseph Cohen State at Large member
BARBER and HAIRDRESSER EXAMINERS State Board of
Mrs Frances N Crouch Luther Dillashaw Mrs L V Hall J H Parham Luther P Smith
CHIROPODY EXAMINERS State Board of
Dr Charles W Beasley Jr
Dr William Bookhammer Dr H D Wilson
CHIROPRACTIC EXAMINERS Georgia State Board of
Dr J I Rose President Dr D M Livingston Dr W J Moore Dr George C Paulk Dr Mattie C Stephens
George I Martin State Educational Officer
XXIX
DENTAL EXAMINERS OF GEORGIA Board of
Dr Richard Lamar Gnann
Dr Milton McNeil
Dr C J May
Dr M M Moreman
Dr Otis Rackley
Dr R W Tharpe
Dr C A Yarbrough
ENGINEERS AND LAND SURVEYORS Georgia State Board of Registration for Professional
G V Carr Mose E Cox
R S King
A G Stanford Paul Weber
FORESTERS State Board for Registration of
B E Allen Guyton DeLoach Charles F Evans Harley Langdale Jr
Archie E Patterson
FUNERAL SERVICE Georgia State Board of
S Herbert Elliott Robert L Harrison Sam G Lang III
Cleve Mincy Gardner Watson
J Cowan Whitley
LIBRARIANS State Board for the Certification of
Miss Sarah Hightower Miss Mildred Looney Miss Virginia Satterfield Miss Georgia Thomas
Miss Beverly Wheatcroft Secretary and exofficio member
XXX
MEDICAL EXAMINERS OF GEORGIA State Board of
Dr Grady N Coker Dr Fred Coleman Dr Albert M Deal Dr C G Giddings Dr R H McDonald Dr Q A Mulkey Dr J W Palmer Dr Alex Russell Dr Charles K Wall Dr L W Willis
NATUROPATHIC EXAMINERS Board of
Dr Frank F Dickens Dr John L McCallum Dr Joseph E Marshall Dr W P Mills
NURSES OF GEORGIA State Board of Examiners for Registered
Sister Mary Bonaventure RSM
Mrs Mary V Hogan Mrs Lora Cope Johnson Miss Edna Emmaline McKie Miss Nancy E Sale
NURSES OF GEORGIA Board of Examiners of Practical
Mrs Hattie Barnard Mrs W P Burke Mrs Elizabeth Colquitt Mrs Nora Manning Mrs J M Stewart Advisory Board
Dr Grady Coker Miss Dana Hudson Miss Sarah Nita Luke Mrs Lucille C Murphy
XXXI
Mrs S C Patterson A A Rosser Arthur T Stewart Jr
OPTOMETRY Georgia State Board of Examiners in
Dr Lamar A Brown Dr W R Gilbert Dr H J Godin Dr J H Spratling Jr
Dr Harry Schreibman
OSTEOPATHIC EXAMINERS Georgia State Board of
Dr Frederick W Daniel Dr Robert K Glass Dr Harry E Huff Dr Hoyt B Trimble Dr Hassie H Trimble Jr
PHARMACY Georgia State Board of
Homer J Avera Asbury Q Baldwin B D Davis Jr
T M McCleskey J B Woodcock
PSYCHOLOGISTS State Board of Examiners of
Dr Herman W Martin Dr Larry W Ross Dr Florence Young
REAL ESTATE COMMISSION
J C Bible Jr
DuQuince Davis L C Pitts
VETERINARY EXAMINERS Georgia State Board of
Dr G Rayburn Bartlett Dr A B Davis Dr C W Leonard Dr C C Rife Dr T C Ross
WARM AIR HEATING CONTRACTORS State Board of Examiners of
Ed Copeland Lawrence F Kent John G Mauldin W Lee Mingledorf Jr
Hoyt Raymond Jr
XXXIII
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2
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
State Senate Numerically by Seat Number
1 Coffin 11th
2 Roop 37th
3 Blalock 36th
4 Ponsell 5th
5 Strickland 3rd
6 Zellner 22nd
7 Harper 26th
8 Ayers 31st
9 Matthews 47th
10 Warnell 2nd
111 Richardson 13th
12 Dews 9th
13 Overby 33rd
14 Millican 52nd
15 Turner 34th
16x Dean 40th
17 Neel 7th
18 Reynolds 8th
19 Garrett 53rd
20 i Ursrey 54th
21 Hollis 24th
22 Page 1st
23 Seagraves 30th
24 Morrison 15th
25 Brooks 50th
26 lx Wetherington 6th
27 Raulerson 46th
28 Davis 42nd
29 Jones 38th
30 Wilkins 44th
31 McDonald 43rd
32 Waters 41st
33 Wood 49th
34 Ricketson 19th
35 2 Jones 23rd
36 Jones 18th
37 i Clary 29th
38 Harrison 17th
39 Chance 51st
40 Mann 48th
41 Steis 25th
42 Shurling 21st
43 Lovett 16th
44 McBride 10th
45 Paulk 45th
46 Toms 12th
47 Harden 27th
48 Hopkins 4th
49 Parker 20th
50 Housley 32nd
51 Dykes 14th
52 Florence 39th
53 Lambert 28th
54 Kelly 35th
Lt Gov S Ernest Vandiver
President of Senate
George D Stewart Sec of Senate
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
3

Seat Numbers of the Georgia State Senate
4
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
State Senate Alphabetically by Names
Ayers 31st x 8
Blalock 36th I 3
Brooks 50th I25
Chance 51st 39
Clary 29th i37
Coffin 11th ti 1
Davis 42nd L28
Dean 40th 116
Dews 9th 12
Dykes 14th 51
Florence 39th 52
Garrett 53rd v19
Harden 27th 47
Harper 26th 7
Harrison 17th 38
Hollis 24th 21
Hopkins 4th 48
Housley 32nd 50
Jones 18th 36
Jones 23rd 35
Jones 38th 29
Kelly 35th54
Lambert 28th 1 53
Lovett 16th I43
Mann 48th 40
Matthews 47th 9
McBride 10th 44
McDonald 43rd 31
Millican 52nd 114
Morrison 15th 24
Neel 7th jW17
Overby 33rd 13
Page 1st i 22
Parker 20th 49
Paulk 45th kgt45
Ponsell 5th l 4
Raulerson 46th lui 27
Reynolds 8th 18
Richardson 13th i11
Ricketson 19th 34
Roop 37th 2
Seagraves 30th 123
Shurling 21st liri42
Steis 25th 41
Strickland 3rd 5
Toms 12th 446
Turner 34th 15
Ursrey 54th 20
Warnell 2nd 10
Waters 41st 32
Wetherington 6th 26
Wilkins 44th 30
Wood 49th 433
Zellner 22nd 6
LtGov S Ernest Vandiver President of Senate
George D Stewart
Sec of Senate
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
5
OFFICERS OF THE
STATE SENATE TERM 1955 1956
PRESIDENT
S ERNEST VANDIVER n Franklin County
G EVERETT MILLIGAN Wi
Fulton County
GEORGE D STEWART
Fulton County
LAMONT SMITH
Tattnall County
ERIC HOLMES
Fulton County
REBECCA CAUSEYJ
ANNE DUNCAN
Fulton County
Fulton County
ZACK D CRAVEY TR
Fulton County
FRANK BLANKENSHIP
Fulton County
henry castleman
Fulton County
Lieutenant Governor President Pro Tem laSecretary Assistant Secretary
cReading Clerk
Journal Clerk
jCalendar Clerk
Messenger
a Message Clerk Doorkeeper
6
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
MEMBERS OF THE
SENATE OF GEORGIA
ALPHABETICALLY ARRANGED ACCORDING TO NAMES WITH DISTRICTS AND POST OFFICES
FOR THE TERM 19551956
Senators District Post Office
Ayers Dr C L 3lst
Blalock D B 36th
Brooks George B 50th
51st
Clary Edgar D Jr 29th
Coffin N C 11th
Davis Jefferson L 42nd
Dean W K 40th
Dews Charles E 9th
Dykes James M 14th
Florence Glen 39th
Garrett H R 53rd
Harden Willis Neal 27th
Harper E Girdean 26th
Harrison Walter 17th
24th
Hopkins Alva J Jr 4th
Housley Arthur E 32nd
Jones B M 38th
Jones M Brinson 18th
Jones W T 23rd
Kelley Eugene 35th
Lambert E Roy 28th
Lovett W Herschel 4 16th
Mann J W 48th
Toccoa Newnan Crawford Danville Harlem Cuthbert Cartersville Young Harris Edison Cochran Douglasville Quitman Commerce Griffin Millen Columbus Folkston Dahlonega Dallas Wrens Roberta Monroe Madison Dublin Cordele
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
7
Senators District Post Office
Matthews Dorsey R 47th Moultrie
McBride James M 10th Leesburg
McDonald C Ernest 43rd Dalton
Millican G Everett 52nd Atlanta
Morrison Walter B 15th Mount Vernon
Neel Lawson 7th Thomasville
Overby Howard T 33rd Gainesville
Page Owen H Jr 1st Savannah
Parker Arnold 20th Milledge ville
Paulk Tillman 45th Ocilla
Ponsell W K 5th Waycross
Raulerson 0 W 46th Patterson
Reynolds Reuben M 8th Bainbridge
Richardson A Cullen 13th Montezuma
Ricketson E Doughty 19th Warrenton
Roop Marvin C v 37th Carrollton
Seagraves A F 30th Hull
Shurling Francis F 21st Wrightsville
Steis William Burton hi 25th l Hamilton
Strickland Joseph Barney 3rd Nahunta
Toms Thomas 12th Georgetown
Turner A Mell 34th Decatur
Ursrey Lawton R 54th L Hazlehurst
Warnell Chas F 2nd Groveland
Waters Charles E 41st Ellijay
Wetherington J L 6th Jasper Florida
Wilkins John H 44th Trenton
Wood T J 49th Bellville
Zellner J Kimball 22nd Forsvth
8
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
MEMBERS OF THE
SENATE OF GEORGIA BY DISTRICTS IN NUMERICAL ORDER WITH COUNTIES AND POST OFFICES
First DistrictCHATHAM Effingham
OWEN H PAGE JRJ VTlvrSavannah
Second DistrictBRYAN McIntosh Liberty
CHAS F WARNELL rTrGroveland
Third DistrictBRANTLEY Wayne Long
JOSEPH BARNEY STRICKLANDNahunta
Fourth DistrictCHARLTON Glynn Camden
ALVA J HOPKINS JRLUFolkston
Fifth DistrictWARE Atkinson Clinch
W K PONSELL l1LWaycross
Sixth DistrictECHOLS Lowndes Lanier
J L WETHERINGTONIJasper Florida
Seventh DistrictTHOMAS Grady Mitchell
LAWSON NEEL Thomasville
Eighth DistrictDECATUR Seminole Miller
REUBEN M REYNOLDS MraBainbridge
Ninth DistrictCALHOUN Early Baker
CHARLES E DEWS1Edison
Tenth DistrictLEE Dougherty Worth
JAMES M McBRIDE rTLLfLeesburg
Eleventh DistrictRANDOLPH Terrell Clay
N C COFFINCuthbert
Twelfth DistrictQUITMAN Stewart Webster
THOMAS TOMSGeorgetown
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
9
Thirteenth DistrictMACON Schley Sumter
A CULLEN RICHARDSONMontezuma
Fourteenth DistrictBLECKLEY Dooly Pulaski
JAMES M DYKESJCochran
Fifteenth DistrictMONTGOMERY Wheeler Toombs
WALTER B MORRISON 40 Vernon
Sixteenth DistrictLAURENS Treutlen Emanuel
W HERSCHEL LOVETTffijgTA J O JgDnhlin
Seventeenth DistrictJENKINS Screven Burke
WALTER HARRISONMillen
Eighteenth DistrictJEFFERSON Richmond Glascock
M BRINSON JONES OOVC Wrpns
Nineteenth DistrictWARREN Taliaferro Greene
E DOUGHTY RICKETSONJHWarrenton
Twentieth DistrictBALDWIN Hancock Washington
ARN OLD PARKERMilledgeville
TwentyFirst DistrictJOHNSON Jones Wilkinson
FRANCIS F SHURLINGAJfiWrightsville
TwentySecond DistrictMONROE Butts Lamar
J KIMBALL ZELLNER HOOH O Forsyth
TwentyThird DistrictCRAWFORD Peach Taylor
W T JONESpgggSiiRoberta
TwentyFourth DistrictMUSCOGEE Chattahoochee Marion HOWELL HOLLIS j 44 Lli 4Columbus
TwentyFifth DistrictHARRIS Upson Talbot
WILLIAM BURTON STEIS O Hamilton
TwentySixth DistrictSPALDING Clayton Fayette
E GIRDEAN HARPER i 3HJ5IA Griffin
TwentySeventh DistrictJACKSON Barrow Oconee
WILLIS NEAL HARDEN U i Commotvp
10
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
TwentyEighth DistrictMORGAN Jasper Putnam
E ROY LAMBERTMadison
TwentyNinth DistrictCOLUMBIA Lincoln McDuffie
EDGAR D CLARY JRHarlem
Thirtieth DistrictMADISON Elbert Hart
A F SEAGRAVESHull
ThirtyFirst DistrictSTEPHENS Habersham Franklin
DR C L AYERSiToccoa
ThirtySecond DistrictLUMPKIN Dawson White
ARTHUR E HOUSLEYDahlonega
ThirtyThird DistrictHALL Forsyth Banks
HOWARD T OVERBY Gainesville
ThirtyFourth DistrictDEKALB Gwinnett Rockdale
A MELL TURNERJDecatur
ThirtyFifth DistrictWALTON Henry Newton
EUGENE KELLY Monroe
ThirtySixth DistrictCOWETA Meriwether Pike
D B BLALOCKNewnan
ThirtySeventh DistrictCARROLL Troup Heard
MARVIN C ROOP Carrollton
ThirtyEighth DistrictPAULDING Haralson Polk
B M JONES IsDallas
ThirtyNinth DistrictDOUGLAS Cobb Cherokee
GLEN FLORENCE Douglasville
7
Fortieth DistrictTOWNS Union Rabun
W K DEANYoung Harris
FortyFirst DistrictGILMER Pickens Fannin
CHARLES E WATERSEllijay
FortySecond DistrictBARTOW Chattooga Floyd
JEFFERSON L DAVISCartersville
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
11
FortyThird DistrictWHITFIELD Gordon Murray
C ERNEST McDonaldIDalton
FortyFourth DistrictDADE Walker Catoosa
JOHN H WILKINSTrenton
FortyFifth DistrictIRWIN Ben Hill Telfair
TILLMAN PAULKiOcilla
FortySixth DistrictPIERCE Bacon Coffee
O W RAULERSON1Patterson
FortySeventh DistrictCOLQUITT Tift Turner
DORSEY R MATTHEWSMoultrie
FortyEighth DistrictCRISP Dodge Wilcox
J W MANNCordele
FortyNinth DistrictEVANS Bulloch Candler
T J WOODBellville
Fiftieth DistrictOGLETHORPE Clarke Wilkes
GEORGE B BROOKS1Crawford
FiftyFirst DistrictTWIGGS Houston Bibb
HOMER L CHANCEDanville
FiftySecond DistrictFULTON
G EVERETT MILLICAN Atlanta
FiftyThird DistrictBROOKS Berrien Cook
H R GARRETT Quitman
FiftyFourth DistrictJEFF DAVIS Tattnall Appling
LAWTON R URSREY Hazlehurst
mm
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OTWA tVi

STANDING COMMITTEES
OF THE
SENATE
TERM 19551956
14 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
AGRICULTURE COMMITTEE
Shurling Chairman Mann
Ursrey ViceChairman Matthews
Zellner Secretary McBride
Brooks McDonald
Chance Parker
Clary Paulk
Harden Ponsell
Hopkins Richardson
Housley Ricketson
Jones of the 18th Seagraves
Kelly Warnell
Lambert Wilkins
Lovett
AMENDMENTS TO THE CONSTITUTION COMMITTEE
Kelly Chairman Hopkins
McDonald ViceChairman Jones of the 38th
Page Secretary Lambert
Blalock Matthews
Brooks Millican
Coffin Roop
Davis Steis
Dean Waters
Dews Wood
Dykes Zellner
APPROPRIATIONS COMMITTEE
Lovett Chairman Mann
Dean ViceChairman Neel
Ursrey Secretary Page
Ayers Paulk
Davis Raulerson
Dews Reynolds
Dykes Shurling
Jones of the 38th Steis
Jones of the 18th Strickland
Jones of the 23rd Warnell
Kelly Wood
Lambert Zellner
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL AUDITING COMMITTEE
15
Ursrey Chairman Brooks
Roop ViceChairman Paulk
Dean Secretary Wilkins
AVIATION COMMITTEE Jones of the 23rd Chairman Housley
Zellner ViceChairman Jones of the 18th
Coffin Secretary Mann
BANKS AND BANKING COMMITTEE
Clary Chairman Lovett
Shurling ViceChairman Parker
Morrison Secretary Reynolds
Blalock Roop
Chance Steis
Coffin Turner
Davis Warnell
Jones of the 23rd
CONGRESSIONAL AND LEGISLATIVE REAPPORTIONMENT COMMITTEE
Housley Chairman Roop
Florence ViceChairman Toms
Matthews Secretary Wood
CONSERVATION COMMITTEE
Reynolds Chairman Hopkins ViceChairman Mann Secretary Dean Florence Harper
Jones of the 18th McBride McDonald Paulk
Ponsell
Richardson
Strickland
Toms
Ursrey
Warnell
Waters
Wetherington
Zellner
16 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
COUNTIES AND COUNTY MATTERS COMMITTEE
Dews Chairman Kelly ViceChairman Ricketson Secretary Chance Harrison
Jones of the 38th
Millican
Neel
Paulk
Ponsell
Reynolds
Seagraves
Strickland
Toms
Turner
Warnell
Waters
Wetherington
Wilkins
Wood
EDUCATION AND PUBLIC SCHOOLS COMMITTEE
McDonald Chairman Strickland ViceChairman Lovett Secretary Clary Davis Hopkins Housley
Jones of the 18th Jones of the 23rd Kelly
Matthews
Millican
Neel
Page
Raulerson
Richardson
Steis
Watrs
Zellner
ENGROSSING AND
Parker Chairman Toms ViceChairman Brooks Secretary
ENROLLING COMMITTEE
Matthews
Ursrey
Zellner
FINANCE COMMITTEE
Garrett Chairman Steis ViceChairman Parker Secretary Ayers Chance Clary Dykes Florence Harper Housley
Mann
Millican
Morrison
Richardson
Roop
Toms
Wetherington
Wilkins
Wood
Zellner
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
17
GAME AND FISH COMMITTEE
Jones of the 38th Chairman Neel
Hopkins ViceChairman Parker
Toms Secretary Paulk
Ayers Richardson
Harden Seagraves
Harrison Strickland
Jones of the 18th Turner
Kelly Ursrey
Lambert Warnell
McBride Wetherington
McDonald Zellner
GENERAL JUDICIARY COMMITTEE
Hollis Chairman McDonald
Dews ViceChairman Morrison
Brooks Secretary Ricketson
Hopkins Toms
Lambert Ursrey
HALLS AND ROOMS COMMITTEE
Seagraves Chairman Paulk
Dean ViceChairman Strickland
Waters Secretary HIGHWAYS And PUBLIC ROADS COMMITTEE
Dykes Chairman McDonald
Dews ViceChairman Millican
Waters Secretary Page
Blalock Ponsell
Brooks Raulerson
Coffin Reynolds
Garrett Richardson
Hollis Ricketson
Hopkins Seagraves
Jones of the 18th Shurling
Jones of th 23rd Turner
Lambert Warnell
Lovett Wetherington
McBride Wilkins
18
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS COMMITTEE
Neel Chairman McDonald
Parker ViceChairman Millican
Hollis Secretary Overby
Coffin Page
Davis Roop
Harden Steis
Harrison Turner
INSURANCE COMMITTEE
Harper Chairman Kelly ViceChairman Parker Secretary Brooks Chance Florence
Harrison
Jones of the 38th
Ricketson
Toms
Turner
Ursrey
INTERSTATE COOPERATIVE COUNCIL OF STATE GOVERNMENT COMMITTEE
Lambert Chairman Lovett
Hollis ViceChairman Overby
Clary Secretary Ursrey
JOURNALS COMMITTEE
Steis Chairman Reynolds
Florence ViceChairman Wood
Housley Secretary
MILITARY AFFAIRS COMMITTEE
Overby Chairman Hollis
Jones of the 18th ViceChmn Hopkins
Neel Secretary Lambert
Dews Zellner
Harden
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL MINES AND MINING COMMITTEE
19
Dean Chairman Zellner ViceChairman Jones of the 38th Secretary
Chance
Housley
Waters
MOTOR VEHICLES COMMITTEE
Morrison Chairman Ricketson ViceChairman Roop Secretary
Jones of the 23rd
Millican
Parker
Paulk
Seagraves
Turner
Wetherington
Wilkins
MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT COMMITTEE
Turner Chairman Page ViceChairman Ricketson Secretary Coffin Harrison Lovett
McDonald
Millican
Raulerson
Strickland
Toms
Wetherington
PENAL INSTITUTIONS COMMITTEE
Blalock Chairman Jones of the 38th ViceChmn Parker Secretary Brooks Dews Harper
Jones of the 18th
Kelly
Lambert
McBride
McDonald
Morrison
Paulk
Ponsell
Raulerson
Seagraves
Waters
PENSIONS COMMITTEE
Jones of the 23rd Chairman Matthews
Florence ViceChairman Wilkins
Warnell Secretary Wood
Dean
20
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
PRIVILEGES AND ELECTIONS COMMITTEE
Hopkins Chairman Housley
Paulk ViceChairman Matthews
Steis Secretary Ponsell
Brooks Roop
Chance Zellner
Garrett
PUBLIC HEALTH COMMITTEE
Ayers Chairman Mann ViceChairman Blalock Secretary Dean Garrett
Harden
Harrison
Jones of the 38th Seagraves
PUBLIC UTILITIES COMMITTEE
Steis Chairman Hollis ViceChairman Blalock Secretary Garrett Harden Harrison
McBride
Parker
Raulerson
Reynolds
Turner
Zellner
PUBLIC WELFARE COMMITTEE
Harrison Chairman Strickland ViceChairman Mann Secretary Ayers Blalock Garrett Harper
Lovett
Parker
Raulerson
Richardson
Wetherington
Wilkins
Wood
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
RULES COMMITTEE
Mr President Chairman McDonald
Overby ViceChairman Millican
Hollis Secretary Morrison
Blalock Neel
Brooks Page
Clary Reynolds
Davis Roop
Dykes Shurling
Hopkins Strickland
Jones of the 18th Lovett Turner
SPECIAL JUDICIARY COMMITTEE
Davis Chairman Jones of the 38th
Harper ViceChairman Parker
Millican Secretary Dews Housley Paulk
Turner
STATE OF THE REPUBLIC COMMITTEE
Harden Chairman Lovett
Davis ViceChairman McBride
Hollis Secretary McDonald
Clary Morrison
Coffin Overby
Dean Page
Dews Ponsell
Dykes Reynolds
Garrett Shurling
Jones of the 23rd Steis
TEMPERANCE COMMITTEE
McBride Chairman Harrison ViceChairman Jones of the 23rd Secretary Harden Hollis
Kelly
Page
Parker
Seagraves
22
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
UNIFORM LAWS COMMITTEE
Page Chairman Lambert
McDonald ViceChairman Paulk
Chance Secretary Ursrey
UNIVERSITY SYSTEM OF GEORGIA COMMITTEE
Brooks Chairman Hollis
Lambert ViceChairman Hopkins
Harper Secretary Housley
Ayers Kelly
Blalock Morrison
Chance Neel
Clary Richardson
Dykes Seagraves
Florence Shurling
Garrett Steis
Harden
VETERANS AFFAIRS COMMITTEE
Ricketson Chairman Lambert
Mann ViceChairman Millican
Jones of the 18th Secretary Morrison
Ayers Neel
Dews Steis
Harden
WESTERN ATLANTIC
Richardson Chairman Waters ViceChairman Wetherington Secretary Dews
RAILROAD COMMITTEE
Paulk
Raulerson
Reynolds
Seagraves

LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
25
THE PRESIDENT
Rule 1 The President shall in his discretion suspend irrelevant debate and command silence whenever he may deem it needful
Rule 2 In all cases the President shall not vote unless the Senate shall be equally divided In all cases where a fixed constitutional vote is required to pass the bill or measure under consideration and said bill or measure shall lack only one vote to pass the same the President may vote
Rule 3 When two or more Senators shall rise at the same time the President shall name the Senator entitled to proceed
Rule 4 All committees shall be appointed by the President unless otherwise ordered by the Senate
Rule 5 The method of stating the question on any motion by the President shall be as follows All in favor of the motion will say Aye Those opposed will say No And when a decision may seem doubtful to the President or a division of the Senate is called for by any one member of the Senate the President shall call upon the Senators in favor of the motion to rise and after a count is had by the Secretary he shall call upon the Senators to reverse their positions and the President shall announce the result
Rule 6 The President may during a days sitting name any Senator to perform the duties of the Chair during any part of that sitting but no longer
Discretion of President
When President shall vote
Right of Senator to the floor to be decided by the President
President to
appoint
committees
Method of stating a question by the President
President may name Senator to preside
26 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
Duty of Secretary when President absent Rule 7 Whenever from any cause the President shall be absent the President pro tempore shall preside and if both shall be absent the Secretary of the Senate shall call the Senate to j order and shall preside until a President pro tempore shall be elected which said election shall be the first business of the Senate The President pro tempore thus elected shall preside until the return of one of the first named officers when his functions shall cease
When no debate on appeals Rule 8 On all appeals on questions of order of a personal character there shall be no debate
Appeals to be made at once Rule 9 All appeals from the decisions of the Chair shall be made immediately and no appeal shall be in order after other business has intervened from the time of the alleged error of the Chair and before said appeal is sought to be made
Power of President to suspend subordinate officers Rule 10 The President shall have power to suspend the Messenger and Doorkeepers for misconduct or neglect of duty and when such suspension has been made he shall report the same to the Senate within twentyfour hours thereafter for such action as the Senate may see fit to take in the premises
When President may order galleries and lobbies cleared Rule 11 The President shall have power to j cause the galleries and lobbies of the Senate cleared by the Messenger and Doorkeepers in case of disturbance or disorderly conduct therein and to cause any person or persons so offending to be arrested and brought before the bar of the Senate to be dealt with for contempt of the Senate
No quorum voting duty of President Rule 12 When less than a quorum vote on any subject under consideration by the Senate
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
27
the President may order the door of the Senate to be closed and the roll of Senators called by the Secretary and if it is ascertained that a quorum is present either by answering to their names or by their presence in the Senate and any Senator present then refuses to vote unless excused such refusal shall be deemed a contempt of the Senate
Rule 13 The President may at any time order the roll called on any question and take the vote by yeas and nays where a division of the Senate discloses the fact that a quorum of the Senate has not voted
Rule 14 All questions as to priority of business to be acted on shall be decided by the President without debate
ON DECORUM AND DEBATE
Rule 15 When any Senator is about to speak in debate or deliver any matter to the Senate he shall rise from his seat and respectfully address himself to Mr President He shall be confined to matter in debate shall speak not more than twice on any subject nor more than once until every member choosing to speak shall have spoken During all sessions all individual speeches on bills and resolutions shall be limited to thirty minutes unless extended by a majority of a quorum and on all points of personal privileges shall be limited to ten minutes If any Senator in speaking or otherwise trangress the rules of the Senate the President shall call him to order in which case the Senator so called to order shall immediately sit down unless permitted to explain The Senate shall if appealed to decide and the decision of the Senate be not submitted to the delinquent for the first offense
When President may order vote taken by yeas and nays
Decision on questions of priority
Conduct of
Senators
debate
Appeals
28 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
Expulsion See Rule 17 shall be reproved for the second fined in a sum not exceeding ten dollars and continuing refractory may be expelled from the Senate by a twothirds vote of the Senators which said vote shall be taken by yeas and nays
Exception to Words spoken Rule 16 If any Senator be called to order for words spoken the words excepted to shall be taken down in writing by the Secretary and read then admitted denied or explained by the Senator who spoke and thereupon the questions of order shall be decided and such other proceedings had as the Senate may deem proper in regard thereto Provided that if at the time the Senate is acting under the previous question such question of order and other proceedings referred to shall not be taken up for decision until after the previous question and the main question have been disposed of or until such further time as may then be ordered by the Senate But no Senator shall be held to answer or be subject to the censure of the Senate for words spoken in debate if any other Senator has spoken or other business has intervened after the words were spoken and before the exception to them was taken
Silence Rule 17 The members of the Senate shall forbear from private conversation and preserve silence until a speaking Senator shall have taken his seat
Mode of designating Senators Rule 18 The Senators shall avoid naming each other when they may have occasion to take notice of their observations but may designate them by the districts they represent
Shall not vote when interested in result Rule 19 No Senator shall vote upon any question in the result of which he is personally
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
I interested and in every case where the seat of I a Senator is being contested the sitting Senator I and the contestant shall both retire from the I Senate before the vote is taken
Rule 20 Any Senator may have entered on I the Journal a protest in writing against the action of the Senate said protest shall clearly and I succinctly set forth the grounds of such protest and shall not be argumentative nor arraign nor I impugn the motive of the Senate nor any mem
bers thereof
Rule 21 No Senator shall address the Senate J nor interrogate a Senator who is speaking exI cept through the President and if the Senator I speaking declines to be interrupted the PresiI dent shall cause the Senator desiring to interro gate him to be silent
Rule 22 No Senator shall pass between the I Chair and a Senator while he is speaking nor I shall any Senator at the time of adjournment leave his seat until the President retires
Rule 23 No Senator shall in debate refer to I any private conversation had with another SenaI tor or to any matters which have transpired in I any committee or in the House except as to the I filial action taken by the House in any pending matter
Rule 24 In nominating candidates for any I office no laudatory remarks shall be allowed nor shall any other candidate be disparaged
I Rule 25 Applause or hisses in the Senate I Chamber or in the galleries or lobby during any speech or legislative proceedings shall be promptly suppressed
Protests
Duty while Senator is speaking and at adjournment
Restrictions in debate
Applause and hisses forbidden
30
No debate during yeas and nays
Only one motion be made at a time
Explana
tion
Reading of papers
Motion to excuse when made
Excuses from voting
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
Rule 26 During the calling or reading of yeas and nays on any question no debate shall be had
Rule 27 No Senator can make more than one motion at a time and while the motion is being put to the Senate he must resume his seat and he is not further entitled to the floor unless again recognized by the President
Rule 28 On all questions except such as are not debatable any Senator on the call of the yeas and nays shall be allowed five minutes as a matter of right in which to explain his vote Where the vote on any question is not taken by yeas and nays no Senator shall be allowed to explain except by unanimous consent No motion or request shall be entertained to vary this rule nor to extend a Senators time for explaining
Rule 29 When the reading of any paper is called for and the same is objected to by any Senator it shall be determined by a vote of the Senate and this motion shall be decided without debate
Rule 30 A motion to excuse a Senator from voting must be made before the Senate divides or before the call of the yeas and nays is commenced and it shall be decided without debate except that the Senator making the motion may briefly state the reason why in his opinion it ought to prevail
Rule 31 No Senator shall be allowed to address himself to any question and then move to table the bill resolution or motion or move the previous question thereon without relinquishing the floor
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
DIVISION OF A QUESTION
Rule 32 Any one Senator may call for a division of the question on a subject in which the sense thereof will admit of it
Rule 33 The Senator calling for a division must state into how many and definitely what parts he would have the question divided Each part of the divided proposition must be so distinct that if taken away the remainder can stand by itself and be consistent and entire
BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS
Rule 34 All bills and resolutions shall be called in the order in which they stand on the calendar and before reading any bill or resolution the second or third time the Secretary shall distinctly state its number and the name of the Senator by whom introduced Provided that the General Appropriation Bill and the General Tax Bill shall have precedence on third reading over all other matters even Special Orders until the said bills shall have been finally disposed of
Rule 35 Every motion or request to take up general bills or resolutions out of their regular order and every motion or request for special orders shall be submitted in writing and reported upon by the Committee on Rules before being submitted to the Senate
Rule 36 No debate shall be admitted upon any bill at the first reading Upon the introduction of any bill or resolution or other matter requiring reference to a committee the President shall as a matter of course and without de
Call for division
Division bow made
Bills and resolutions called in order
Proviso What motions to be in writing
Question on first reading
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
32
Effect of favorable report of committee
Adverse report of committee
Bills when withdrawn
bate commit the same to the proper committee unless otherwise ordered by the Senate In case of engrossment of any bill or other matter the entry thereof shall be made by the Secretary and the bill or other matter shall not be amendable thereafter unless subsequently committed
Rule 37 Where the report of a committee is favorable to the passage of a bill etc the same shah be read a second time and passed to a third reading without question unless recommitted Where the report of a committee is adverse to the passage of a bill etc in order to have a second reading thereof any Senator may at the time such report is made give notice of intention to move at the proper time to disagree to such adverse committee report when the question shall be upon agreeing to the report of the committee If the report of the committee is agreed to the bill etc shall be lost If the report of the committee is disagreed to the bill etc shall be passed to a third reading unless recommitted Provided that no bill etc adversely reported shall be taken up for a second reading except by motion of some Senator Any bill etc may be withdrawn at any stage thereof by consent of the Senate
Reports of Rule 38 When a bill etc favorably reported
order of668 by a committee is on its third or last reading if action the report of the committee is disagreed to by
the Senate the bill or measures shall be lost unless the action of the Senate in disagreeing to the committee report is reconsidered within the proper time
Rule 39 The President shall not recognize any Senator at any time for the purpose of asking unanimous consent to place any general bill
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
33
on its passage out of its regular order Neither shall he recognize any request for unanimous consent for the introduction of new matter or to read any bill or resolution the second time or to place any local bill or resolution on its passage except during the first thirty minutes after the confirmation of the Journal The President shall entertain but one unanimous consent at any one time
Rule 40 Where a bill or a resolution has been referred and reported by more than one committee or has been reported on and recommitted to the same committee the last committee report shall be acted on by the Senate
Rule 41 All bills and resolutions shall be written or printed and shall have the name of the Senator introducing the same as well as the district he represents indorsed on the back of the same and in the case of bills the caption of the bill shall also be indorsed on the same All bills and resolutions having the force and effect of law shall when introduced have attached an exact copy and said copy shall be retained by the Secretary subject to use as information but the original bill or resolution shall be for the exclusive use of the Senate and the committee to which it is assigned and shall be the official bill or resolution of the Senate and shall not be subject to any other use
Rule 42 No bill shall be printed until after the same has been reported to the Senate by the committee to which it has been referred or by request of said committee and the order of the Senate agreeing thereto
Bills and resolutions to be in writing
How
indorsed
Bills when printed
Rule 42A During all sessions of the General

34 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
Bill when printed all sessions Assembly all bills and resolutions having the 1 effect of law except purely local bills shall up 1 on being reported back to the Senate with recoin j mendation that the bill or resolution do pass be 1 printed or mimeographed and a copy placed upon 1 each Senators desk at least one hour before 1 such bill or resolution shall be read a third time 1
Transmission to House by majority vote Rule 43 No bill or resolution shall be trans 1 mitted to the House on the day of passage there 1 of unless a majority of the Senators present shall 1 so order Rule 44 The Committee on Rules during the 1 last fifteen legislative days of each session shall 1 arrange and fix the calendar of business for each 1 day and such calendar of business shall be a 1 standing and continuing special order during said 1 period and no matter shall be taken up or acted on otherwise than in the order and manner fixed 1 by such calendar except by a threefourths vote 1 of those present
Order of precedence PRECEDENCE OF MOTIONS Rule 45 When any subject is before the Sen I ate for consideration or under debate no mo 1 tion shall be received except the following to 1 wit 1st A motion to adjourn 2nd A motion to lay on table 3rd A motion for the previous question 4th A motion to postpone indefinitely 5th A motion to postpone to a day certain
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
35
6th A motion to commit
7th A motion to amend
Which said several motions shall have precedence in the order named
MOTION TO ADJOURN
Rule 46 A motion to adjourn is in no instance debatable nor shall said motion be made a second time until further progress has been made in the business before the Senate A motion to adjourn in its simple form shall not be amended
Rule 47 A motion to adjourn to a particular day or for a particular time if made when the Senate is not actually engaged in other business is debatable and is amendable as to the day or time proposed
Rule 48 The motion to adjourn can be made at any time when the Senator moving it can legitimately obtain the floor
Rule 49 A motion to adjourn may be made after the motion for the previous question has been sustained but when the Senate has voted that the main question shall be now put no motion to adjourn is in order nor shall any motion to adjourn be in order after the Secretary has called the first name of the ayes and nays and a vote of one Senator has been given or after a division of the Senate has been had on a vote and the vote is in process of being counted and announced
Rule 50 When a motion to adjourn in its simple form prevails it adjourns the Senate to the next sitting day or time in course
Not debatable when may be renewed Amendment
When
debatable
When
made
When not in order
Effect of adjournment
36
Hours of adjournment What business postponed
Amendment or substitute cannot be laid on table
How matters may be taken from table
When
renewed
Not debatable or amendable
What can be tabled
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
Rule 51 Whenever the hour of adjournment as fixed by a prior resolution shall arrive while the vote of the Senate is being taken by the yeas and nays the session shall continue until the final vote is taken and announced and if said fixed hour of adjournment shall arrive while the Sen I ate is acting on the main question after a motion for the previous question has been sus I tained and before the vote on the main question is being taken either by a division or by the yeas and nays as aforesaid the Senate shall stand adjourned by virtue of said prior resolution
MOTIONS TO LAY ON THE TABLE
Rule 52 No motion to lay an amendment or I substitute on the table shall be in order
Rule 53 A majority of a quorum voting may take from the table at any time when the Senate is not engaged on any other measure any bill resolution or other paper which has been ordered I to lie on the table and when so taken from the I table it is thereby restored to its appropriate place on the calendar
Rule 54 A motion to lay on the table or to take from the table can be renewed from I time to time when new business has intervened j between the votes
Rule 55 Neither the motion to lay on the table nor the motion to take from the table is I debatable or amendable
Rule 56 Nothing can be legitimately laid on I the table excepting what can be taken up again I
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37
Rule 57 A motion to lay on the table may be made after the motion for the previous question has been sustained but when the Senate has voted that the main question shall be now put no motion to lay on the table is in order
THE MOTION FOR THE PREVIOUS QUESTION
Rule 58 The motion for the previous question shall be decided without debate and shall take precedence of all other motions except motions to adjourn or to lay on the table and when it is moved the first question shall be Shall the call for the previous question be sustained If this be decided by a majority vote in the affirmative the motion to adjourn or to lay on the table can still be made but they must be made before the next question towit Shall the main question be now put is decided in the affirmative and after said last question is affirmatively decided by a majority vote said motions will be out of order and the Senate cannot adjourn until the previous question is exhausted or the regular hour of adjournment arrives
Rule 59 When the previous question has been ordered the Senate shall then proceed to act on the main question without debate except that before the main question is put twenty minutes shall be allowed to the committee whose report of the bill or other measure is under consideration to close the debate When the report of the committee is adverse to the passage of the bill or other measure the introducer of the bill shall be allowed twenty minutes before the time allowed to the committee for closing the debate
When in order
Effect of
previous
question
Twenty minutes debate allowed
38 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL The Chairman of the committee or the introducer of the bill or other measure may yield the floor to such Senators as he may indicate for the time or any part of it allowed under this rule
Vote how taken Yeas sod Rule 60 After the main question is ordered any Senator may call for a division of the Senate in taking the vote or may call for the yeas and nays but on all questions on which the yeas and
nays Onefifth necessary nays are called the assent of onefifth of the number present shall be necessary to sustain the call and when such call is sustained the yeas and nays shall be entered on the Journal
Effect of main question being ordered Rule 61 The effect of the order that the main question be now put is to bring the Senate to a vote on pending questions in the order in which they stood before it was moved
Reconsideration when in order Rule 62 After the main question has been ordered a motion to reconsider this action will if adopted have the effect to repeal the ordering of both the main question and the previous question and will leave the pending measure again open to debate and amendment This motion to reconsider the ordering of the main question can be made only once and if lost or if the main question is again subsequently ordered on the pending measure no second motion to reconsider the ordering of the main question shall be entertained
Contested elections Rule 63 In all cases where a minority report has been submitted on any matter if the previous question is ordered there shall be twenty minutes allowed to the members of said committee whose name is first signed to said minority re
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
39
port or to such member or members as he may indicate for the time so allowed or any part of it before the twenty minutes allowed to the Chairman submitting the majority report
Rule 64 The previous question may be called and ordered upon a single motion or an amendment or it may be made to embrace all authorized motions or amendments and include the entire bill to its passage or rejection
Rule 65 A call of the Senate shall not be in order after the previous question is ordered unless it shall appear upon an actual count by the President that a quorum is not present
Rule 66 All incidental questions of order arising after a motion is made for the previous question and pending such motion shall be decided whether on appeal or otherwise without debate
MOTIONS TO INDEFINITELY POSTPONE
Rule 67 When a bill resolution or other measure is under consideration on the final reading thereof a motion to indefinitely postpone if decided in the affirmative by a majority of a quorum thereby disposes of said bill resolution or other measure for the session
Rule 68 The motion to indefinitely postpone lays open the whole question for debate but it cannot be amended
Rule 69 While the motion to indefinitely postpone takes precedence over a motion to postpone to a day certain or to commit or amend yet this motion cannot be applied to said motions
How called and ordered
Call of the Senate when in order
Questions of order
Effect
Not amendable
When cannot be applied
40 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL nor can it be applied to incidental questions such as questions of order reading of papers withdrawal of a motion and suspension of a rule
Not renewed Rule 70 No motion to indefinitely postpone shall be renewed on any bill resolution or other measure after the same has once been voted down
Debate when and how allowed MOTION TO POSTPONE TO A DAY CERTAIN Rule 71 On a motion to postpone to a day certain it is not in order to debate the merits of the question proposed to be postponed Debate may be allowed but it shall be confined strictly to the proposition to postpone and to show why one day is preferred to another This motion cannot be renewed or made a second time to the same measure on the same day Rule 72 The motion to postpone to a day certain cannot be applied to subordinate or incidental questions but only to the whole measure It is amendable by substituting one day or time for another If a day proposed is known to be beyond the limits of the Session the motion shall be treated as one to indefinitely postpone
Motion to commit MOTION TO COMMIT Rule 73 Motions to commit may be made to refer a bill resolution or other measure to a standing or special committee
Precedence of Rule 74 A motion to commit to a standing committee takes precedence over a motion to commit to a special committee and shall be first voted on
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
41
Rule 75 On a motion simply to commit no debate shall be allowed but where instructions are added the merits of the question can be debated
Rule 76 A motion to commit may be amended by adding instructions or by substituting another committee for the one named by the Senator making the motion
Rule 77 Any proposition that has been referred to any committee either standing or special may on motion be recommitted to the same or any other committee by a majority of a quorum
MOTION TO AMEND
Rule 78 There are three ways in which a proposition may be amended towit
1st By inserting or adding words
2nd By striking out words
3rd By striking out and inserting words
An amendment is itself subject to be amended in all three of the ways above mentioned but it is not admissible to amend an amendment to an amendment Any irrelevant amendment or amendment obviously offered for the purpose of delay shall be ruled out of ordbr by the President
Rule 79 When a bill or resolution is before the Senate for consideration and amendments are pending thereto and a substitute shall be offered for said bill or resolution and an amendment shall be offered to said substitute it shall be in order for the Senate to first perfect the original bill or resolution and then perfect the
When
debatable
How amended
Motion to recommit
Amendments how made
Bill first perfected then the substitute
42 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
When too late to amend substitute The question shall then be on agreeing to the substitute as amended if it be amended and if decided in the affirmative the question shall be Shall this bill pass or resolution be adopted as the case may be by substitute Rule 80 An amendment cannot be offered after the report of the committee to whom was referred the bill or resolution under consideration has been agreed to by the Senate unless said action of the Senate in so agreeing to said report of said committee shall first be recon 1 sidered
Must be in writing Rule 81 All motions to amend any matter 1 before the Senate must be in writing and must 1 plainly and distinctly set forth the amendment 1 desired and the part of the bill or resolution 1 where said amendment shall be inserted or added 1
Priority Rule 82 On all questions whether in com 1 mittee or in the Senate the last amendment the 1 most distant day and the largest sum shall be 1 first put
Blanks Rule 83 Where blanks occur in any proposi 1 tion they must be filled first before any motion 1 is made to amend
Caption when amended Rule 84 The caption or preamble of a bill 1 or resolution shall not be considered or amended 1 until the measure has been perfected
Amending by sections Rule 85 When a proposition consisting of 1 several sections or resolutions is on a final read 1 ing and the Senate shall agree to a motion to 1 consider the same by sections or paragraphs the 1 Secretary in reading the same shall pause at 1 the end of each section or resolution and the 1 amendments thereto shall be offered as the sev 1 eral sections or resolutions are read but the 1 amendments offered by the committee to whom 1
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
43
said bill or resolution was referred shall be read by the secretary without any motion being made in the Senate and when a section or resolution shall have been considered it is not in order to recur back and amend it
Rule 86 When a motion is made to amend by I striking out and inserting the Secretary shall I read the paragraph as it is then the words to be I stricken out and finally the whole paragraph I as it would be if amended
Rule 87 When a motion is made to amend by striking out a paragraph any amendment offered to perfect the paragraph shall be put first before the question is put for striking it out
Rule 88 When any bill or resolution which originated in the Senate has been amended in the House and is before the Senate for action on the House amendment an amendment may be offered in the Senate to the House amendment but the Senate amendment to the House amendment cannot be further amended it must be agreed to or voted down
Rule 89 A motion to amend an amendment made by the House to a Senate bill or resolution takes precedence of a motion to agree or disagree to said amendment
Rule 90 The questions which arise before the Senate respecting amendments by the House to a Senate bill or resolution are
1st A motion to agree to the House amendment
Amendments by striking out and inserting
Priority of amendment to perfect
Amending
House
amendments
See Rule 129
Priority
Priority of questions on House amendments
44 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 2nd A motion to disagree to the House amendment 3rd A motion to recede from its disagreement or amendment 4th A motion to insist on its disagreement or amendment 5th A motion to adhere to its disagreement or amendment They take precedence in the above order
Motion to reconsider RECONSIDERATION Rule 91 When the Journal of the preceding day shall be read it shall be in the power of any Senator to move for reconsideration of any matter therein contained except such matter that has been previously reconsidered provided such Senator shall notify the Senate of his intention to move such reconsideration at any time before the Journal is confirmed
Shall not be withdrawn when Rule 92 The notice of a motion to reconsider shall not be withdrawn after the time has elapsed within which it might originally have been made
When there may be one reconsideration Rule 93 No matter shall be reconsidered more than once
When in order Rule 94 Motions for reconsideration shall be in order immediately after the time for unanimous consents on the day succeeding the action sought to be reconsidered except that any matter which could not be reconsidered on the succeeding day shall be in order for reconsideration on the day of said action Provided a motion to
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
45
reconsider the action of the Senate ordering immediate transmission of any bill or resolution to the House shall be made and disposed of before the transaction of other business
Rule 95 The action of the Senate upon an amendment may be reconsidered at any time before final action upon the section bill or resolution to which it relates
Rule 96 All bills reconsidered shall take their place at the foot of the calendar of bills then in order for a third reading
ABSENTEES
Rule 97 The rollcall at the opening of each session of the Senate shall not be dispensed with except by a majority vote of the Senators present
Rule 98 Upon the call of the Senators ordinary and extraordinary the names of the absentees shall be noted by the Secretary and shall appear upon the Journal
COMPELLING ATTENDANCE
Rule 99 The power to compel the attendance of Senators in order to keep or secure a quorum shall be vested in the President and to this end he may have the doors of the Senate closed When the doors are so closed no Senator shall be allowed to retire from the Senate without first obtaining leave from the Senate
The Messenger of the Senate shall be exofficio SergeantatArms of the Senate and on order of the President may arrest any absentees
Amendments
when
reconsidered
Place on calendar
Morning
rollcall
dispensed
with by
majority
vote
Names of absentees noted
Sergeantatarms Power to compel attendance
46 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL and bring them before the Senate when necessary to secure a quorum as aforesaid
Call how ordered CALL OF THE SENATE Rule 100 Whenever the result of a vote taken shall disclose the fact that no quorum of the Senate is present or when the President shall officially state the fact to the Senate it shall be in order for any Senator to make a motion for a call of the Senate and when this mo
Subsequent proceedings tion is made the President shall state the question as follows Shall the motion for the call of the Senate prevail and if five of the Senators present shall vote in the affirmative the President shall order the Secretary to call the roll of Senators and the absentees shall be noted the doors shall then be closed after which the names of the absentees shall again be called over and those who do not appear and who are absent without leave may by order of the majority of the Senators present be sent for and arrested wherever they may be found by officers to be appointed by the Messenger for that purpose and their attendance secured and the Senate shall determine upon what conditions they shall be discharged
Messages MISCELLANEOUS RULES Rule 101 When a message is sent to the Senate it shall be announced at the door of the Senate by the Doorkeeper and be respectfully communicated to the Chair by the person through whom it may be sent
Messages when received and considered Rule 102 Messages may be received at any time while the door is open except while a question is being put or a ballot or a viva voce vote
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47
is being taken A message shall be presented to the Senate by the President when received or afterwards according to its nature and the business on which the Senate is engaged or its consideration may on motion be ordered by the Senate
Rule 103 After a motion is stated by the President or read by the Secretary it shall be deemed to be in the possession of the Senate but may be withdrawn at any time before decision by consent of the Senate
Rule 104 Any member presenting a petition memorial or remonstrance shall as concisely as practicable intimate the name and object of the petitioner memorialist or remonstrant which shall be noted on the Journal and the paper may then be referred without reading
Rule 105 Any motion to suspend the rules or change the order of business shall be decided without debate
Rule 106 Any motion not privileged containing new matters shall lie at least one day on the table
Rule 107 Whenever on any question the yeas and nays shall have been ordered the Secretary shall also enter on the Journal the names of those members not voting
Rule 108 Where a motion is made by any Senator it shall not be necessary that the same shall be seconded before being put to the Senate
Rule 109 After the announcement of the standing committees no other Senators shall be placed thereon unless it be at the request of a
Motions
Petitions
memorials
etc
No Debate
Motions not privileged
Record
Not necessary to second motion
Committees how and when enlarged
48
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
Privileges of the floor
Duty of Committee on Journals
majority of the committee to be added thereto I except when Senators have been elected to fill I vacancies caused by death or otherwise the Presi I I i dent may assign said Senators to such commit I tees as he may see fit and he may fill any va I cancy in chairmanships Is
1
Rule 110 No person shall be allowed to enter I upon the floor of the Senate except the Senators I g and officers of the Senate the officers and mem 11 bers of the House the President of the United I States and Cabinet members the Governor of I the State and the heads of the offices of the I Executive Department exGovernors Judges of I the Supreme Court and Court of Appeals in ac IU tual commission expresiding officers of the I Senate and House members of Congress from I Georgia Governors and members of the Legis I lature of any State of the United States mem I bers of the press actually reporting legislative I proceedings and such others as the Senate may I allow upon recommendation of the Committee I on Rules but the privilege of the floor shall be I extended to no person for a period longer than I two days and not more than twice during any 11 j session 1

Rule 111 It shall be the duty of the commit I j tee on Journals to read the Journal of each days I proceedings and report to the Senate that the I same is correct before the Journal is read by II the Secretary II
Adjourn
ment
Rule 112 The hours of the morning sessions I of the Senate shall be from 10 oclock A M to 11 i one oclock P M when the Senate shall stand I adjourned until ten oclock A M of the next I 1 succeeding day Sundays excepted unless other I 1 wise ordered by the Senate 11
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49
IRule 113 A motion for the call of the yeas J and nays shall be decided without debate
Rule 114 All writs warrants subpoenas issued by order of the Senate shall be signed by the J President and attested by the Secretary
Rule 115 It shall be the duty of the MessenI ger to attend to the wants of the Senate while in session to aid in the enforcement of order un der the direction of the President and to exe cute the demands of the Senate from time to I time together with all such processes issued unI der its authority as may be directed to him by the President
Rule 116 The Messenger under the direction I of the Secretary shall superintend the distribu tion by the Pages of all documents and papers to I be distributed to the members he shall distribute I to the members the usual and necessary station ery required by them
Rule 117 No committee shall deface or inter line a bill resolution or other paper referred to said committee but shall report any amendments recommended on separate paper noting the sec tion page or line to which said amendments relate
Rule 118 No pairing of members shall be recognized or allowed as an excuse for not votI ing
Rule 119 Whenever any Senator moves that a Committee of Conference on disagreeing votes I of the two Houses naming the number of mem bers be appointed if said motion prevails the I President shall appoint a committee on the part of the Senate and in such case the committee shall consist only of such Senators as voted in
Motion for yeas and nays not debatable
Signature of President and Secretary
Duty of Messenger
Messengers duty in distributing documents etc
Interlineation forbidden
Pairing
Committees of Conference
50 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
Amendments the majority on the position assumed by the Senate and if by inadvertence any Senator be nominated on said committee who was not in said majority vote he shall notify the Senate and be excused by the President Rule 120 After commitment of a bill and report thereof to the Senate it may be amended before the report of the committee is agreed to by the Senate but the amendments if any reported by the committee shall be disposed of before any other amendment be considered unless it be an amendment to a committee amendment
Free debate Rule 121 No Senator shall after debating any question and before yielding the floor be allowed to submit any motion the effect of which shall be to prevent further debate
Motion Rule 122 No motion on a subject different from that under consideration shall be admitted under color of amendment If a motion be made to strike out a part of a bill or resolution a motion to amend the part proposed to be stricken out shall be first on order
Majority and minority reports Rule 123 All reports of a committee shall be in writing and the minority of a committee may make a report in writing setting forth succinctly the reasons for their dissent
What motions lie on table Rule 124 Every motion for information from the Executive or other Departments shall lie on the table one day unless referred to a committee by vote of the Senate
Changing votes Rule 125 On the call of the yeas and nays the Secretary shall read the names of the Senators after they have been called and no Senator
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
51
II shall be permitted to change his vote unless he at that time declares that he voted under a mistake j of the question
Rule 126 Questions of the privilege shall be
Bn first those affecting the rights of the Senate collectively its safety dignity and the integrity of its proceedings second the rights reputation
I and conduct of Senators individually in their representative capacity only and shall have precedence of all other questions Provided that when any matter is pending before the Senate no question of personal privilege shall be acted on until the pending question is disposed of
Rule 127 In all elections a majority of the I Senators present shall be necessary to a choice
Rule 128 No bill or resolution appropriating money shall become a law unless upon its passage the yeas and nays are called and recorded All bills for raising revenue or appropriating money must originate in the House of Representatives but the Senate may propose or concur in amendments as in other bills
Rule 129 Whenever the Constitution requires a vote of twothirds of either or both Houses for the passage of an act or resolution the yeas and nays on the passage thereof shall be entered on the Journal and when any amendment to the Constitution shall be agreed to by a twothirds vote of members elected such proposed amendment or amendments shall be entered on the Journal in full with the yeas and nays taken thereon
Rule 130 The first and second reading of local bills shall consist of the reading of the titles only unless said bill is ordered engrossed
Questions of privilege
Elections
Appropriating money yeas and nays called and recorded Must originate in House of Representatives
Amendment to Constitution entered in full in journals
Caption or title only to be read in local bills
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
52
Secretary to take oath and give bond
Oath of enrolling and engrossing Clerks
Must be examined by Engrossing and Enrolling Committee and be recommended by it as competent
Secretary must enter on journals proceedings of joint sessions
Rule 131 The Secretary and Assistant Secre I tary shall before entering on their duties as I such take an oath before their presiding officer I to discharge their duties faithfully and to the best of their skill and knowledge and the Sec I retary shall enter into bond in the sum of 5 I 000 conditioned for faithful discharge of his I duties Said bond to be approved by President I of the Senate
Rule 132 All engrossing and enrolling clerks I before entering upon the discharge of their res I pective duties shall take an oath before the I President of the Senate to discharge their duties I faithfully and to the best of their skill and know I ledge of which a minute shall be made and I entered on the Journals and no journalizing re I cording enrolling or engrossing clerk shall be I appointed by the Secretary of the Senate until I such clerk has been examined by the Engrossing I and Enrolling Committee and certified to be I competent and well qualified for the discharge I of the duties required of him and shall be re I moved at any time upon recommendation of the Engrossing and Enrolling Committee
Rule 133 When there is a meeting of both branches of the General Assembly in joint session the Secretary shall enter in the journal of the Senate the proceedings of the same
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
COMMITTEES
Rule 134 The President shall appoint the following standing committees
Committee on Agriculture
Committee on Amendments to Constitution Committee on Appropriations
Committee on Auditing
Committee on Aviation
Committee on Banks and Banking
Committee on Congressional and Legislative Reapportionment
Committee on Conservation
Committee on Counties and County Matters Committee on Education and Public Schools Committee on Engrossing and Enrolling Committee on Finance
Committee on Game and Fish
Committee on General Judiciary
Committee on Halls and Rooms
Committee on Highways and Public Roads Committee on Industrial Relations
Committee on Insurance
Committee on Interstate Cooperative Council of State Government
Committee on Journals
Committee on Military Affairs
Committee on Mines and Mining
Committee on Motor Vehicles
Committee on Municipal Government Committee on Penal Institutions
Committee on Pensions
Committee on Privileges and Elections
54
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
Committee on Public Health
Committee on Public Utilities
Committee on Public Welfare
Committee on Rules
Committee on Special Judiciary
Committee on State of the Republic
Committee on Temperance
Committee on Uniform Laws
Committee on University System of Georgia
Committee on Veteran Affairs
Committee on Western and Atlantic Railroad
The Chairman and ViceChairman of the Committee on Appropriations shall be exofficio members of the Committee on Finance and the Chairman and ViceChairman of the Committee on Finance shall be exofficio members of the Committee on Appropriations That the President of the Senate be an exofficio member of all standing committees of the Senate but shall have no voe as an exofficio member except on the Committee on Rules of which he is chairman

LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
ORDER OF BUSINESS
Rule 135 The following shall be the order of business
1 Prayer by the Chaplain
2 Call of the Roll
3 Report of Committee on Journals
4 Notices of motions to reconsider
5 Reading the Journal
6 Motions to reconsider
7 Confirmations of the Journal
8 Unanimous consents
9 Reports of Standing Committees
10 Reports of Select Committees
11 Messages from the Governor
12 Unfinished business
13 Special Orders and Orders of the Day
14 Messages from the House of Representatives
15 Introduction of bills etc the first time on Mondays Wednesdays and Thursdays
16 Reading House Bills etc the first time for reference
17 Reading bills etc second time favorably reported from committees
18 Consideration of bills etc adversely reported on Tuesdays and Fridays
19 Reading for third time of bills etc ready for passage
20 Motions resolutions and petitions
Rule 136 The report of the Committee on Rules shall be in order at any time and mes
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
sages from the Governor or from the House of Reprsentatives may be received under any order of business
Rule 137 No change of or addition to these rules shall be made unless such proposed change or addition be submitted in writing and referred to the Committee on Rules and reported back to the Senate
Rule 138 The rules of the Senate shall in no case be suspended or changed or the order of business changed except by a twothirds vote a quorum of the Senate being present and voting
Rule 139 The Auditing Committee before auditing the account of any Senator for expenses as a Committeeman or incurred in discharge of any duty as a member of the Senate shall require of him an itemized statement of such account supported by proper vouchers for each item whenever the same is practicable
Rule 140 When any question arises which is not provided for in the foregoing rules the same shall be controlled by the rules usually governing parliamentary bodies
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
57
CONSTITUTIONAL RULES
Rule 141 The Lieutenant Governor shall be President of the Senate
Art 5 Sec 1 Par 7
Rule 142 A majority of each House shall constitute a quorum to transact business but a smaller number may adjourn from day to day and compel the presence of its absent members as each House may provide
Art 3 Sec 4 Par 4
Rule 143 Each Senator and Representative before taking his seat shall take the following oath or affirmation towit I will support the Constitution of this State and of the United States and on all questions and measures which may come before me I will so conduct myself as will in my judgment be most conducive to the interest and prosperity of this State
Art 3 Sec 4 Par 5
Rule 144 No bill shall become a law unless it shall receive a majority of the votes of all the members elected to each House of the General Assembly and it shall in every instance appear on the Journal
Art 3 Sec 7 Par 14
j Rule 145 The yeas and nays on any question shall at the desire of onefifth of the members present be entered on the Journal
Art 3 Sec 7 Par 6
Lt Governor to be President of Senate
What is a quorum Compelling attendance
Oath of members
Majority required to pass bill
Yeas and nays order by onefifth of members
58 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
Bill or resolutions appropriating money must pass by yeas and nays Rule 146 No bill or resolution appropriating money shall become law unless upon its passage the yeas and nays in each House are recorded Art 3 Sec 7 Par 12
Constitutional twothirds vote taken by yeas and nays Rule 147 Whenever the Constitution requires a vote of twothirds of either or both Houses for passage of an Act or resolution the yeas and nays on the passage thereof shall be entered on the Journal Art 3 Sec 7 Par 19
Revenue bills Rule 148 Every bill before it shall pass shall be read three times and on three separate days in each House unless in cases of actual invasion or insurrection but the first and second reading of each local bill shall consist of the reading of the title only unless said bill is ordered to be engrossed Art 3 Sec 7 Par 7
Reading of bills Rule 149 All bills for raising revenue or appropriating money shall originate in the House of Representatives but the Senate may propose or concur in amendment as in other bills Art 3 Sec 7 Par 10
One subject matter etc Rule 150 No law shall pass which refers to more than one subject matter or contains matter different from what is expressed in the title thereof Art 3 Sec 7 Par 8
An amendment to laws and sections of Code Rule 151 No law or section of the Code shall be amended or repealed by mere reference to its title or to the number of the section of the Code
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
59
but the Amending or repealing Act shall distinctly describe the law to be amended or repealed as well as the alteration to be made
Art 3 Sec 7 Par 16
Rule 152 Laws of a general nature shall have uniform operation throughout the State and no special law shall be enacted in any case for which provision has been made by an existing general law No general law affecting private rights shall be varied in any particular case by special legislation except with the free consent in writing of all persons to be affected thereby and no person under legal disability to contract is capable of such consent
Art 1 Sec 4 Par 1
Rule 153 The General Assembly shall have no power to grant corporate powers and privileges to private companies to make or change election precincts nor to establish bridges or ferries nor to change names of legitimate children but it shall prescribe by law the manner in which such powers shall be exercised by the courts it may confer this authority to grant corporate powers and privileges to private companies to the judges of the superior courts of this State in vacation All corporate powers and privileges to banking trust insurance railroad canal navigation express and telegraph companies shall be issued and granted by the Secretary of State in such manner as shall be prescribed by law and if in any event the Secretary of State should be disqualified to act in any case then in that event the legislature shall provide by general laws by what person such charter shall be granted
Art 3 Sec 7 Par 17
General Laws how varied
Consent and when required
Corpora
tions
Power delegated to courts
60
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
Relief of recognizance
What the general appropriation bill shall contain Other appropriations by separate bills
Adjourn
ment
Elections
Rule 154 The General Assembly shall have no power to relieve principals or securities upon forfeited recognizances from the payment thereof either before or after judgment thereon unless the principal in the recognizance shall have been apprehended and placed in the custody of the proper officer
Art 3 Sec 7 Par 18
Rule 155 The General Appropriations bill shall embrace nothing except appropriation fixed by previous laws the ordinary expenses of the Executive Legislative and Judicial Departments of the Government paying of the public debt and interest thereon and for the support of the public institutions and educational interests of the State All other appropriations shall be made by separate bills each embracing but one subject

Art 3 Sec 7 Par 9
Rule 156 Neither House shall adjourn for more than three days or to any other place without the consent of the other and in case of disagreement between the two Houses on a question of adjournment the Governor may adjourn either or both of them
Art 3 Sec 7 Par 22
Rule 157 All elections by the General Assembly shall be viva voce and the vote shall appear on the Journal of the House of Representatives When the Senate and House of Representatives unite for the purpose of elections they shall meet in the Representative Hall and the
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
61
President of the Senate shall in such cases preside and declare result
Art 3 Sec 10 Par 1
Rule 158 All acts shall be signed by the President of the Senate and the Speaker of the House of Representatives and no bill or resolution intended to have the effect of a law which shall have been rejected by either house shall be again proposed during the same session under the same or any other title without the consent of twothirds of the House by which the same was rejected
Art 3 Sec 7 Par 13

Rule 159 Meeting of the General Assembly The General Assembly shall meet in regular session on the second Monday in January 1947 and biennially thereafter on the same day until the date shall be changed by lawBy concurrent resolution adopted by a majority of members elected to both Houses the General Assembly may adjourn any regular session to such later date as it may fix for reconvening in regular session but shall remain in regular session no longer than seventy 70 days in the aggregate during the term for which the members were elected If it shall adjourn the first regular session before the expiration of seventy 70 days without fixing a date for reconvening the General Assembly shall reconvene in regular session on the second Monday in January of the next year unless it shall have adjourned sine die All business pending in the Senate or House at the adjournment of any regular session may be considered at any later regular session of the same General Assembly as if there had been no adjournment Nothing herein shall be construed
Rejected bills again considered by a twothirds vote
62
Elections
disorderly
conduct
Expulsion by twothirds vote
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
to effect the power of the Governor to convoke I the General Assembly in extraordinary session I or the duty of the Governor to convene the Gen I eral Assembly in extraordinary session upon the I certificate of threefifths of the members elected I to the Senate and the House of Representatives I as provided in Article V Section I Paragraph I XII of this Constitution If an impeachment I trial is pending at the end of any regular or I extraordinary session the Senate may continue I in session until such trial is completed The pro I visions of Paragraph III Section IV of Article I III of the Constitution which this Constitution I supersedes which apply to the meetings of the I General Assembly shall continue in force until I the second Monday in January 1947
Art 3 Sec 4 Par 3
Rule 160 Each House shall be the judge of I the election returns and qualifications of its mem I bers and shall have the power to punish them I for disorderly behavior or misconduct by cen I sure fine or imprisonment or expulsion but no I member shall be expelled except by a vote of I twothirds of the House to which he belongs
Art 3 Sec 7 Par 1
Signature of Governor when required
Rule 161 No provision in this Constitution for a twothirds vote of both houses of the General Assembly shall be construed to waive the necessity for the signature of the Governor as in any other case except in the case of the twothirds vote required to override the veto to submit constitutional amendments and in case of prolongation of a session of the General Assembly
Art 3 Sec 7 Par 21
Governors Rule 162 The Governor shall have the revi
veto sion of all bills passed by the General Assembly
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
I before the same shall become laws but twothirds of each House may pass a bill notwithstanding his dissent and if any bill should not be I returned by the Governor within five days SunI day excepted after it has been presented to I him the same shall be a law unless the General I Assembly by their adjournment shall prevent its I return He may approve any appropriation and I disapprove any other appropriation in the same I bill and the latter shall not be effectual unless I passed by twothirds of each House
Art 5 Sec 1 Par 15
Rule 163 Every vote resolution or order to I which the concurrence of both houses may be I necessary except on a question of election or I adjournment shall be presented to the Governor I and before it shall take effect be approved by I him or being disapproved shall be repassed by I twothirds of each house provided however that I nothing contained in this Article shall be conI strued to confer on the Governor the right to I veto or enter his disapproval of any proposal I made by the General Assembly to amend this I Constitution
Art 5 Sec 1 Par 16
Rule 164 No county site shall be changed or I removed except by a twothirds vote of the qualified voters of the county voting at an election held for that purpose and by a majority vote of the General Assembly
Art 11 Sec 1 Par 9
Rule 165 Any amendment or amendments to this Constitution may be proposed in the Senate or House of Representatives and if the same shall be agreed to by twothirds of the members
Effect of twothirds vote thereon
When
Governor
must
approve
Effect of twothirds vote
Twothirds
vote
required
Twothirds vote required on amendments to Constitution
64
LEGISLATIVE MANUA
Twothirds
vote
required to call a convention How called
elected to each of the two Houses such proposed amendment or amendments shall be entered on their Journals with the yeas and nays taken thereon The General Assembly shall cause such amendment or amendments to be published in one or more newspapers in each Congressional District for two months previous to the time of holding the next general election at which election members of the General Assembly are chosen and if such proposed amendment directly affects only one or more political subdivisions of the State then it shall also be advertised in the area to be directly affected thereby and shall also provide for a submission of such proposed amendment or amendments to the people at said next general election and if the people shall ratify such amendment or amendments by a majority of the electors qualified to vote for members of the General Assembly voting thereon such amendment or amendments shall become a part of this Constitution provided that if the proposed amendment is not one that directly affects the whole State but only one or more subdivisions thereof said amendment shall not become a part of this Constitution unless it receive both a majority of the electors qualified to vote voting thereon in the State as a whole and also a majority of the electors qualified to vote voting thereon in the particular subdivision or subdivisions affected When more than one amendment is submitted at the same time they shall be so submitted as to enable the electors to vote on each amendment separately
Art 13 Sec 1 Par 1
Rule 166 No convention of the people shall be called by the General Assembly to revise amend or change this Constitution unless by the concurrence of twothirds of all members of each House of the General Assembly The rep
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
65
resentation in said convention shall be based on population as near as practicable This Constitution shall not be revised amended or changed by the Convention until the proposed revision amendment or change has been submitted and ratified by the people in the manner provided for submission and ratification of amendments proposed by the General Assembly
Art 13 Sec 1 Par 2
Rule 167 The Justices of the Supreme Court each shall have out of the treasury of the State salaries of 8000 per annum the judges of the Court of Appeals each shall have out of the treasury of the State salaries of 8000 per annum the Judges of the Superior Courts each shall have out of the treasury of the State salaries of 6000 per annum and the Solicitors General shall each have out of the treasury of the State a salary of 25000 per annum with the right of the General Assembly to authorize any county to supplement the salary of a judge of the Superior Court and Solicitor General of the Juicial Circuit in which such county lies out of county funds provided however where such salary is at the time of the adoption of this Constitution being supplemented out of county funds under existing laws such laws shall remain in force until altered by the General Assembly Provided further that the Board of County Commissioners of Richmond County or the Ordinary or such other board or person as may from time to time have charge of the fiscal affairs of said county shall without further legislative action continue to supplement from said Countys treasury the salary of the Judge of Superior Court of the circuit of which the said County of Richmond is a part by the sum of Two Thousand 2000 Dollars per annum which shall be in addition to the amount received by said judge out
Salaries of judges
66 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
May be changed by a majority vote of the State treasury and such payments are declared to be a part of the court expenses of said County and such payments shall be made to the judge now in office during his present or subsequent terms as well as to his successors with the authority in the General Assembly to increase such salary from the County treasury as above provided The General Assembly shall have power at any time by a majority vote of each branch to abolish the fees at present accruing to the office of solicitor general in any particular judicial circuit and in lieu thereof to prescribe a salary for such office without regard to the uniformity of such salaries in the various circuits and shall have further power to determine what disposition shall be made of the fines forfeitures and fees accruing to the office of solicitor general in any such judicial circuit where the fees are abolished and likewise shall have the further power if it so desires to abolish such salary and reestablish such fees but in either event when so changed the change shall not become effective until the end of the term to which the solicitor general was elected Art 6 Sec 12 Pars 1 and 2
Evidence of notice of local and special bills must be submitted before passage of same Rule 168 No local or special bill shall be passed unless notice of the intention to apply therefor shall have been published in the newspaper in which the Sheriffs advertisements for the locality affected are published once a week for three weeks during a period of sixty days immediately preceding its introduction into the General Assembly No local or special bill shall become law unless there is attached to and made a part of said bill a copy of said notice certified by the publisher or accompanied by an affidavit of the author to the effect that said notice has
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
67
been published as provided by law No office to which a person has been elected shall be abolished nor the term of the office shortened or lengthened by local or special bill during the term for which such person was elected unless the same be approved by the people of the jurisdiction affected in a referendum on the question Where any local law shall add any member or members to any municipal or county governing authority the members of which are elected by the people such local law must provide that the member or members so added must be elected by a majority vote of the qualified voters of the political subdivision affected
Art 3 Sec 7 Par 15
68
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
RULES
FOR THE GOVERNMENT OF THE SENATE IN EXECUTIVE SESSION
1 When nominations shall be made by the Governor to the Senate a future day shall be assigned for their considerations unless the Senate directs otherwise
2 When acting on executive business the Senate shall be cleared of all persons except the Senators the Secretary and Assistant Secretary
3 All information or remarks touching or concerning the character or qualifications of any person nominated by the Governor for office shall be kept secret
4 The Legislative and Executive proceedings of the Senate shall be kept in separate and distinct books except that a copy of the message transmitting information of definite action on appointments of the Governor shall be placed in the regular Journals of the Senate
5 All nominations approved by the Senate or otherwise definitely acted on shall be transmitted by the Secretary to the Governor with the determination of the Senate thereon from day to day as such proceedings may occur but no further extract from the Executive Journal shall be furnished published or otherwise communicated except as provided in Rule 4 during any session except by special order of the Senate and in transmitting the determination of the Senate thereon the Secretary shall in no instance furnish a list of the names of Senators voting in the affirmative or negative but only the fact of confirmation or rejection and the
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
69
numerical vote and the record of votes shall be sealed and transmitted to the Secretary of States office there to be placed on file
6 A majority of a quorum shall be necessary to confirm the nomination to any office made by the Governor and sent to the Senate for approval When nominations are made by the Governor for any office which require the assent and approval of the Senate in executive session after the Secretary shall read the name of the party nominated and the position to which he is appointed the President shall put to the Senate the following Shall the nomination of the Governor be confirmed by the Senate Those who favor the confirmation will as your names are called vote Aye those opposed vote No After the roll is called the President will announce the result of the ballot and declare the result as follows It appears from the vote that a majority of the Senators have voted to confirm the appointment made by the Governor the same is hereby confirmed by the Senate or A majority of the Senators have voted against the confirmation of the nomination made by the Governor it is therefore rejected by the Senate
7 No Senator will be at liberty at any time or under any circumstances to expose or publish anything transpiring in executive session except only such matters as are required to be disclosed under the rules It is the intent and meaning of this rule that the business transacted in executive session shall be sacred and free from exposure to the outside world that every Senator shall be on his honor concerning the same
8 In Executive Session any member of the Senate shall be limited to ten 10 minutes in speaking for or against the confirmation of any nominee under consideration by the Senate
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL

RULES
FOR THE GOVERNMENT OF THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY WHEN ASSEMBLED IN JOINT SESSION
1 The time of the meeting of the two houses in joint session shall be determined by the concurrent resolution of the Senate and House of Representatives except where provided by law
2 The elections shall be viva voce and the vote shall appear on the Journal of the House of Representatives When the Senate and House of Representatives unite for the purpose of elections they shall meet in the Representative Hall and the President of the Senate shall in such cases preside and declare the result
3 The votes are to be taken for but one election at the same time and a majority of the whole number of votes cast is necessary to a choice

1

4 The Senate and House of Representatives I shall meet in joint session in the hall of the I House of Representatives on the first Monday I of every session at 10 oclock a m or at such I time as may be fixed by joint resolution of both I houses for the purpose of electing such offices I of said State as are now or may hereafter be re I quired to be elected by the General Assembly I Said joint session shall continue in morning and afternoon sessions from day to day until all of I said officers are elected
5 At the hour determined by the concurrent I
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
71
resolution the Senate shall repair to the Hall of the House of Representatives
6 The President of the Senate shall preside and announce that the General Assembly is in joint session and cause to be read the resolution convening the same He shall put all questions to the body and decide all questions of order An appeal may be taken from any of his decisions to the whole General Assembly
7 The Speaker of the House shall sit on the left of the President of the Senate
8 In announcing a candidate the mover shall not make any commendatory or other remarks
9 After a person is nominated for any office in joint session of the General Assembly it shall not be in order to second such nomination and when the nomination is declared closed the President shall forthwith order the rollcall and each member when called shall rise in his seat and respond promptly announcing distinctly his choice for such office
10 In the elections by the General Assembly no member after having voted shall be allowed to change his vote unless he will rise and state in his place that he voted by mistake or that his vote had been recorded by mistake
11 No debate shall be in order except as to questions of order
12 No motion to adjourn shall be in order In lieu thereof there shall be the motion to dissolve the joint session which shall be in the form That the joint session of the General Assembly
C
72
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
be now dissolved or That the joint session of the General Assembly be now dissolved to be reconvened at a time named The latter motion shall have precedence of the former
13 The motion to dissolve the joint session either indefinitely or until a fixed time shall always be in order except that after the call of the roll has commenced it shall not be in order until after the result of said vote shall have been declared by the President of the Senate
14 When a motion to dissolve the joint session shall be decided in the negative the same shall not again be in order until other business shall have intervened
15 Wlhen a motion to dissolve the joint session either indefinitely or to a fixed time shall be decided in the affirmative the President of the Senate shall so declare and the Senate shall without further motion immediately repair to the Senate Chamber
16 The majority of each house shall be necessary to constitute a quorum of the joint session
17 These rules may be amended by the concurrent resolution of the two houses and they or either of them shall cease to be in force when either house shall notify the other house of the withdrawal of its consent to the same
p
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
73
INDEX TO STANDING RULES OF Senate of Georgia
ABSENTEES Rule No
Arrest of when 99100
Call of Senate100
Names recorded in Journal 98
Roll Call dispensed with when 97
Secretary duty as to Absentees 98
ADJOURN MOTION TO
Amendable not 46
Debatable not 46
Definite time debatable when 47
Definite time Amendable when 47
Division not in order during 49
Effect when motion prevails50
Main Question Ordered not in order 49 58
Precedence of 4548
Previous Question motion for sustained motion to
adjourn in order 49 58
Shall not be made second time when46
When in orderV464849 58
When not in order 49 58
Yeas and Nays being called not in order 49
ADJOURNMENT
Constitutional time limit112
Courtesy to President at 22
Effect when hour of arrives while Senate is acting
under previous question 51 58
Effect when hour of arrives while vote is being taken
by Yeas and Nays 51
Hour of Fixed by Senatei 112
74
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL

ADVERSE REPORT
Rule No
Bills and Resolutions adversely reported taken up
when I
Debate on
Effect of on bills
Second Reading after when
37
37
AMENDMENTS
Adjourn motion to not amendable 46
Adjourn to definite time amendable when 47
Applicable to Amendments 78
Amendments to Amendments not amendable 78
Bills and Resolutions amended by sections 78 85
Bills and Resolutions perfected before substitute 79
Bills and Resolutions perfected before caption 84
Blanks must be filled in before 83
By Committee 117
Commit motion to amendable how 76
Committee Amendments take precedence 120
Committee shall not deface or interline bill but report
amendments on separate paper 117
Caption not considered until Bill perfected 84
Engrossment Effect of 36
General Appropriations Bill Senate may amend 128
General Tax Bill Senate may amend 128
Germane must be 122
House Amendments to S B 88 90
House Amendments to S B may be amended 88
House Amendments to S B Priority of motion to
amend 89
House Amendments to S B Priority of Questions on 90 House Amendments to S B Senate Amendment to
not subject to amendment 88
Priority of 82 87120122
Priority of to perfect part proposed to be stricken87122
Priority of on passage of bill 120
Precedence of motion to amend 45
Postpone indefinitely motion to not amendable 68

LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 75
Rule No
Postpone definitely amendable 72
Reconsideration of when 95
Report of by committee 117
Report of Committee agreed to amendments after 80
Requirements of motion to amend 81
Secretary duty of when amendments made to bill
and resolutions by sections 85
Secretary duty of in amending by inserting and
striking out 86
Strike out motion to part to be stricken considered
first 122
Section by 85
Table amendments motion to not in order 52
Table motion to lay on or take from not amendable 55
Ways of making 78
When too late 8085
When made bill being considered by sections 85
Writing motion to amend must be in 81
AMENDMENTS TO CONSTITUTION
Journal proposed recorded in 129
Yeas and Nays recorded on 129
Majority required 129
APPEALS
From Presidents decision 9
Member called to Order may appeal 15
No debate on appeals of personal character 8
Time of makingU 9
76
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
APPLAUSE Rule No
Prohibited in Galleries or Senate Chamber 25
APPROPRIATIONS
General Bill right of way 34
House must originate 128
Senate may amend appropriation bill 128
Yeas and Nays required 128
ATTENDANCE
Arrest of senators for nonattendance99100
Call of Senate 99
Messengers duty as to99100
Power to compel99100
President duty as to99100
AUDITING COMMITTEE
Accounts of members duty as to 139
BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS
Adverse Committee report on 37
Amendments to 78
Amendments to passed on before caption or preamble
considered 84
Amendments Bill perfected first 79
Amendments to too late 8085
Amendments by sections 85
Amendments to when too late bill being considered
by sections 85
Amendments to by striking and inserting 86
Amendments by committees how reported 117
Bills perfected before substitutes 79
Caption not considered until bill perfected 84
Committee amendments take precedence 120
Committee amendments how reported 117
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
77
Rule No
Committee reports on precedence of 40
Committee Report on effect of disposal of 3738
Committee Report favorable effect of 3759
Committee Report unfavorable effect of 3759
Commit motion to 45 73 76
Commitment to Committees 36
Debate none on first reading 36
Deface or interline no committee shall 117
Disagreement to favorable committee report effect of 38
Engrossment effect of 36
Entries on to be made by secretary36
Form 41
First Reading no debate 36
General Appropriations bill takes precedence 34
General bills not placed for passage out of order by
unanimous consent 39
General Tax Bill takes precedence 34
Immediate transmission to house3 43
Local Bills effect of engrossment 130
Local Bills First and Second Readings 130
Local Bills third reading and placement for passage
by unanimous consent 39
Precedence of 34
President duty to commit 36
Printing of 42
Reading of by unanimous consentu 39
Recommit motion tourL 77
Requirements of 41
Reported by committee bill may be amended before
report agreed to 120
Reconsideration H 9196
Reconsideration effect of 96
Second Reading after adverse committee report 37
Secretary duty of in amending by striking and
inserting a 86
Secretary state author and number of when reading 34
Secretary to call in order on calendar 34
Special committee motion to commit to 73 74
78
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL

Rule No I
Strike out motion to part to be stricken considered
first 122 I
Unanimous consent for reading or consideration 39 I
Withdrawal of 37 I
Substitute Bill perfected before 79 I
GALL OF THE SENATE
Contempt on 12 I
When in order12100 I
When main question ordered 65 I
CAPTION
Not considered until bill perfected 84
CHANGE OF VOTES
How and when 125
COMMITTEES
Amendments by how reported 117
Amendments by takes precedence 120
Appointment of 4 134
Appropriations exofficio members of 134
Bills not to be interlined or defaced by 117
Chairman Appropriations and Finance exofficio
members 134
Change after announcement 109
Commit to motion to 73 77
Conference how and when constituted 119
Enlarged how 109
Exofficio members of 134
Finance exofficio members of 134
President appoint 4134
President exofficio member of rules committee 134
Reports order of precedence 40
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 79
Rule No

Recommit to motion to 77
Senators elected to fill vacancies committee assignments 109
Standing committees 134
I COMMIT MOTION TO
Amended how 76
Applicable to what 73
Debate simple motion not debatable 75
Debate motion to commit with instructions debatable 75
Precedence among other motions 45
Precedence among motions to commit 74
Special Committee to 73 74
Standing committee to takes precedence 74
Recommit motion to 77
I CONTEMPT
By Outsiders
By Senators
On Call of the Senate
I CONVERSATION
Presidents right to suppress 1
Senators refrain from when 17
I DEBATE
Adjourn motion to not debatable 46
Adjourn to definite time motion to debatable 47
Adverse report debate on 59
Appeals from chair of personal character not
debatable 8
Bill or resolution no debate on first reading 36
Breach of order in debate 15
Change order of business motion to not debatable 105

11
12100 12100
80 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
Rule No
Commit motion to not debatable 75
Commit with instructions motion to debatable 75
Committee matters reference to out of order in 23
Conduct of Senators in15 21 2223
Conversation reference to out of order in 23
Excuse from voting motion to not debatable 30
First reading of bill or resolution no debate 36
House happenings reference to out of order in 23
Incidental matters after motion for previous question
sustained decided without debate 66
Interrogation of speakers through president 21
Limitation of speeches 15
Minority report debate on 63
Nondebatable motion not in order when31121
Postpone definitely motion to debate limited 71
Postpone indefinitely motion to debatable 68
Previous Question motion for not debatable 58
Previous Question motion for decided affirmatively
debate limited 5963
Previous Question motion for incidental questions decided without debate 66
Priority of Business decided by President without
debate 14
Reading of papers question of decided without
debate 29
Roll Call no debate during 26
Suspend Rules motion to not debatable 105
Yeas and Nays motion for decided without debate 113
Yeas and Nays no debate during 26
DISPARAGING REMARKS
Prohibited on Nominations 24
DIVISION OF SENATE
After main question ordered 60
Call for 60
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
81
Rule No
Excuse for voting motion to must be before 30
Senator may ask for 5 60
DIVISION OF QUESTION
Duty of member asking
Right to call for
What divisible
ENGROSSMENT
Effect of 36
ENROLLING AND ENGROSSING COMMITTEE
Clerks examine and approve
Clerks recommended removal of
EXCEPTION TO WORDS SPOKEN
Procedure for taking 16
EXECUTIVE SESSION
Reference to Special Rules
Cleared Senate Chamber cleared of all persons except
senators secretary and assistant secretary 2
Journal message informing governor of action on
nominees record in regular journal
Journal separate journal for executive sessions
Journal secret 35
Governor informed of action on nominees by secretary 4
Limit as to time of speech
Nomination majority necessary to confirm
Nomination how putf
Nomination when considered 1
Nominees discussion of secret 35
Nominees secretary inform governor of action on
132
132
33 32 3233

82
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL

Rule No
Proceedings kept in separate book from legislative
proceedings 4
Proceedings kept secret 357
Procedure 26
Remarks of Senators kept secret 3
Secretary and assistant in senate during session 2
Secretary duty as to journal 45
Secretary inform governor of action on nominees 6
Secrecy required 2 3 57
Senate chamber cleared of all persons except senators secretary and assistant secretary during session 2 Senators shall not disclose proceedings or happenings
of session 37
Votes on nominations kept secret 5
Votes record of sealed and filed with Secretary of
State 5
Votes result only announced 5

EXPLANATION OF VOTES
When and time allowed 28
EXPULSION OF MEMBERS
When and how 15
DOORKEEPER
Clear lobbies and galleries when 11 I
Messages duty in receiving 101 I
Suspension of 10
GALLERIES
Applause or hisses prohibited in 25
President may clear 11
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
83
GENERAL ASSEMBLY Rule No
Minutes of joint sessions of kept in Senate Journal 133
GENERAL APPROPRIATIONS BILLS
Precedence of 34
Senate may amend only 128
GENERAL TAX BILL
Precedence of 34
Senate may amend only 128
GOVERNOR
Entitled to privileges of the Floor
110
HOUR OF ADJOURNMENT
Effect of arrival of 51 58
Effect of arrival of when Senate acting under previous question 51 58
Effect of arrival of vote being taken by yeas and nays 51
Fixed by Senate 112
Provided 112
IMMEDIATE TRANSMISSION TO THE HOUSE
Majority vote necessary for 43
Reconsideration of motion for 94
When ordered 43
JOINT SESSION
RULES OF GENERAL ASSEMBLY IN JOINT SESSION References to Special Rules
Adjourn motion to see motion to dissolve
Appeals from decisions of chair 6
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
Rule No
Change of vote when allowed 10
Commendatory remarks prohibited 8
Elections by 24 910
Elections change of vote on 10
Elections majority for3 3
Elections only one at time 3
Elections record of vote kept in House Journal 2
Elections vote how taken 2 39
Elections where held 2
Debate no debate except on points of order 11
Dissolve motion to not in order after roll call commenced 13
Dissolve motion to effect of when prevailing 15
Dissolve motion to and reconvene at definite time
takes precedence 13
Dissolve motion to definite and indefinite 12
Dissolve motion to when in order 13
Dissolve motion to when lost in order again when 14
Journal of House contain record of vote on elections 2
Majority necessary for election 3
Nominations no commendatory remarks by member
making 8
Nominations no second of in order 9
Nominations roll call on 9
Order points of debatable 11
Presiding Officer President of Senate 26
Presiding Officer duties of6915
Place of meeting 25
Procedure 6
Quorum 16
Roll Call on elections 9
Roll Commenced motion to dissolve not in order 13
Rules how changed 17
Rules consent of both houses to necessary 17
Senate repair to Hall of House of Representatives 5
Senate return to Senate Chamber on dissolution 15
Sessions continue how long 413
Speaker of House sit at left of President of Senate 7
J

LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 85
Rule No
State officers election of 4
Time of meeting 14
Voting 39
Vote change of 10
JOURNAL
Absentees Contain names of 03
Appropriations motion for yeas and nays recorded on 128
Committee on duty to read HI
Constitutional amendments recorded in 129
Constitutional amendments yeas and nays recorded on 129 Constitution requires twothirds majority for passage
of bill or resolution yeas and nays shall be recorded 129
General Assembly minutes kept in Senate 133
Oaths minutes of oaths kept in 132
Protest of Senators entry in 20
Reconsideration of matters in 91
Senators not voting on yeas and nays names entered in 107
LAUDATORY REMARKS
Prohibited ft 24
LIEUTENANT GOVERNOR
Duties of
LOCAL BILLS
Engrossment effect of 130
First and Second reading 130
Reading of third time and put on passage by unanimous consent 39
86
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
MAIN QUESTION Rule No
Adjourn motion to not in order after main question
ordered 4958
Call of Senate after ordered 5
Call of Senate after main question ordered 65
Debate time allowed for majority after main question
ordered 59
Debate time allowed minority after main questioned
ordered 3
Debate time allowed author after main question
ordered 636566
Division of Senate 60
Effect of when order58 59 63 6566
Reconsideration of ordering 62
Table motion to not in order after main question
ordered 5753
Vote how taken when ordered 60
MAJORITY
Change rules or order of business necessary to44138
Election necessary for 127
MEMORIALS
Presentment and consideration 104
MINORITY REPORTS
Debate on 63
Minority may make reports how 123
MESSAGES
Consideration of 102
How sent received announced and considered 101
Received from the Governor or House at any time 136
When Received 102 136
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
87
MESSENGER Rule No
Arrest senators power to on order of president99100
Clear galleries and lobbies when 11
Duty of on call of Senate 100
ExOfficio SergeantatArms 99
General duties 115116
Suspension of I 10
MOTIONS
Information for from executive department lie on
table one day 124
Germane motion to amend must be 122
Nondebatable not in order when31121
One at time only 27
Order of business motion to change not debatable 105
Order of business motion to change vote necessary44138
Order of priority 45
Privilege question of take precedence 126
Reading by secretary effect of 103
Read papers motion to not debatable 29
Rules motion to change or suspend vote necessary 138
Rules motion to change or suspend how submitted 137
Seconding not required 108
Senator resume seat while motion is being put 27
Special Orders motion to make how submitted 35
Statement of by chair effect of 103
Strike out motion to part to be stricken considered
first 122
Unprivileged containing new matter lie on table one
day 106
Withdrawal of 103
NEW MATTERS
Information from executive department motion for lie
on table one day 124
Unprivileged motion containing lie on table one day 106 Unanimous consent for 39
88
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
NOMINATIONS Rule No
Disparaging remarks prohibited in 24
Laudatory Remarks prohibited in24
OATHS
Assistant Secretary 131
Clerks 132
Entered in Journal 132
Secretarys 131
ORDER OF BUSINESS
Established 135
Majority necessary to change order fixed by rules
committee 44
Majority necessary to change order 138
Motion to change not debatable 105
Priority of decided by president without debate 14
Rules committee fix during last fifteen days of session 44 Special orders motion for how submitted 35
PAIRING
Not recognized ns
PARLIAMENTARY LAW
Applicable when 140
PETITIONS
Presentment and consideration 104
PREAMBLE
Not considered until bill or resolution perfected 84
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
89
I POSTPONE TO DEFINITE DAY MOTION TO Rule No
Applicable to what 72
Amendments subject to 72
Debate limited 71
Impossible day motion to postpone to treated how 72
Precedence of 45 69
Renewal when lost cannot be made again the same day 71
I POSTPONE INDEFINITELY MOTION TO
Applicable to what 69
Amendments not subject to 68
Debate subject to 68
Effect when motion prevails167
Impossible motion to postpone impossible day treated how 72
Ii Precedence of 45 69
Renewal when lost motion cannot be again made on same matter 70
J PRESIDENT
Absence of president pro tern preside 7
Adjournment Senators remain until president retires 22
Appeals from decision of8915
Arrest president may order of persons disturbing
senate 11
Arrest Senators power to order when absent99100
Attendance power to compel99100
Business priority of decided by 14
Call of Senate power and duty on1213100
Committees appointed by 4134
Commitment of bills and resolutions on first reading 36
Courtesy due by Senators to at adjournment 22
Conference Committee appointed by 119
Division may order1 5
Galleries power to clear 11
Interrogation of senators through 21
Irrevelant debate power to suspend 1
90
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
Rule No
Lobbies power to clearw 11
Method of stating question 5
Messages duty on receiving 102
No quorum voting duty of president 1213
Recognition of Senators decided by 3
Rules committee exofficio chairman of 134
Signs all writs warrants etc of Senate 114
Silence power to command 1
Senator may name to preside 6
Senator may call to order for breach of rules 15
Senators elected after committees appointed president
may appoint to committees 109
Standing Committees appointment of 134
Suspension of officers by 10
Vote president required to when 2
Vacant chairmanships power to fill 109
PRESIDENT PRO TEMPORE
Absence of president and president pro tempore secretary shall call election of president pro tempore 7 Duties of 7
PREVIOUS QUESTION
Adjournment effect of arrival of hour of Senate acting under 51
Adjourn motion to after motion for previous question sustained 49 58
Affirmative vote on effect of58 59 63 66 I
Applicable to what 64 I
Call of Senate after previous question ordered 65 I
Debate regulated previous question decided affirmatively 5963 I
Debate motion for not subject to 58 I
Exhausted before matters excepted to decided 16 I
Incidental questions arising after previous question
ordered decided without debate 66 I
Precedence of motion for 4558 I
5
2
3
3 I
4 I 4 I
5
9
4
0
2
9
7
7
1
3 5
4
5
3
8
6

B
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 91
Rule No
Reconsideration 62
Table motion to after motion for previous question sustained 57 58
PRIVILEGE
Motion without to lie on table 106
Personal 126
Question of what constitute 126
Questions of take precedence 126
PRIVILEGE OF THE FLOOR
When extended to visitors 110
Who entitled to 110
PRINTING OF BILLS
When ordered 42
PROTESTS OF SENATORS
Procedure for 20
QUORUM
Call of Senate no quorum voting 100
No quorum voting duty of president1213100
No quorum voting president may order yeas and nays 13
READING OF PAPERS
Determined by Senate 29
RECOMMIT MOTION TO Applicable to what
77
92
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
RECONSIDERATION Rule No
Amendments of 95
Applicable to what 91
Committee Reports of action on 38
Effect of 1 6296
Immediate transmission motion for reconsidered
when 94
Intervening days effect of 94
Main question ordering of may be reconsidered 62
Main question ordering of may be reconsidered only
once 62
Notice required 92
One time no matter reconsidered but 93
Previous question reconsideration of 62
When and how askedt 91 94
When motion for is in order 91
REMONSTRANCES
Presentment and Consideration 104
REPORTS OF COMMITTEES
Amendments after agreement to 80
Disagreement to effect of 38
Favorable report effect of 37
Form of 123
Minority reports 123
Procedure after 3738
Precedence of 40
Reconsideration of action on 38
Unfavorable report 37
Writing must be in 123
RULES
Change proposal to must be submitted in wilting
and referred to Rules Committee 137
Majority necessary to change 138
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
93
Special orders motion to make how submitted 35
Suspend motion to not debatable 108
Suspended how 105 137 138
RULES COMMITTEE
Change in rules all proposals for submitted to 137
Order of business for last fifteen days fixed by 44
Report of in order at any time 136
Special orders must be reported on by 35
SECRETARY
Absence of president and president pro tern call election for president pro tern 7
Absentees note name of 98
Amending bills by sections duty of in 85
Amending bills by striking and inserting duty of in 86
Attest all writs warrants etc of Senate 114
Bills and Resolutions called in order by from calendar 34 Bills and Resolutions Engrossed Entries on to be
made by 36
Bills and Resolutions state number and author of in
calling 34
Bond of 131
Clerks appointment of 132
General assembly joint session keep minutes of 133
Journal duty to enter names of Senators not voting
on yeas and nays 107
Oath 131
SENATORS
Adjournment duty of at 22
Accounts of duty of auditing committee as to 139
Applause prohibited 25
Arrest power of president to order99100
Attendance power of president to compel99100
Call of Senate may ask 100
Call to order for transgression of rules 15
94
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
Rule No
Committee assignments when elected after organization of Senate completed 109
Conduct in debate151718 21232531
Contempt of the Senate 12
Conversation refrain from 17
Courtesy owed Senator speaking 22
Debate how often speak 15
Debate reference to private conversations committee
or house happenings prohibit in 23
Decorum of 1517192125
Division of Question may ask for 32
Division of Question duty of Senator asking for 33
Division of Senate may ask for 5 60
Disparaging Remarks prohibited 24
Exceptions to words spoken 16
Expulsion of 15
Interrogation of through president 21
Laudatory remarks prohibited 24
Messenger duty of toI 116
Motion make only one at time 27
Motion must resume seat while motion being put 27
Motion prohibited from making nondebatable when31121
Not voting names of entered in Journal 107
Pairing of not recognized 118
Personal Privilege 126
Preside president may designate Senators to 6
Protest of Senate action by 20
Reading of Papers call for 29
Recognition order of decided by president 3
Retire when required to 19
Retire not allowed to when 1299
Senators refer to Senators by districts and not by
name 18
Special Orders request for 35
Stationery messenger shall supply 116
Unanimous consent right to ask for 39
Vote changing how and when 125
Vote Explanation of 28
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
95
Rule No
Vote shall not when interested 19
Vote refusal to on call of Senate 12
Voting motion to excuse from 30
Yeas and Nays call for 60
SERGEANTATARMS
Duty of on Call of the Senate 100
Messenger exofficio 99
SIGNATURE OF PRESIDENT AND SECRETARY
When required g 114
SILENCE
Senators preserve 17
SPECIAL COMMITTEE
Priority of Motion to commit to 73 74
SPECIAL ORDER
How obtained 35
SUBSTITUTE
Bill perfected before 79
Table motion to not in order 52
SUSPENSION OF RULES
How accomplished 105137138
TABLE MOTION TO
Amendment motion to table not in order 52
96
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
Rule No
Amendment motion to table or take from table not
subject to 55
Applicable to what 56
Debate motion to table or take from table not subject
to 55
Effect when motion to take from table prevails 53
Information from executive department motion for
lie on table one day 124
Motion to take from table in order when 5354
Main Question ordered motion to table not in order 5758
Presence of 45
Previous Question motion for sustained motion to
table in order 5758
Renewal of motion to table or take from table 54
Substitute not subject to 52
Unprivileged motion containing new matter lie on
table one day 106
When in order motion to table and take from table 5457
TWOTHIRDS VOTE WHEN NECESSARY
Constitution Amendment 129
Expulsion of Senators 15
Yeas and Nays recorded when constitution requires 129
UNANIMOUS CONSENT
Explanation of vote by 28
Limitation and regulation of 39
Local bills considered by when 39
New matters consideration by 39
No request to extend time of explanation shall be entertained 28
YEAS AND NAYS
Adjournment effect of arrival of hour of while vote being taken by 51
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
97
Rule No
Adjourn motion to not in order during call of 49
Appropriations record of required on all 128
Call for after main question ordered 60
Change vote after call of 125
Constitution requiring twothird vote for passage of
bill yeas and nays shall be recorded 129
Constitution amendment to required and recorded on 129
Debate no debate during call ofS 26
Debate motion or call for not debatable 113
Explanation of vote when vote taken by 28
Excuse from voting motion to must be made before
start of 30
Expulsion of Senator vote by 15
Journal show when60128129
Journal show names of Senators not voting on 167
President may order no quorum voting 1213
Required when 60128129
98
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
Seat Numbers of the Georgia House of Representatives
House of Representatives Numerically by Seat Number
1 M M Smith of Fulton
2 Rodgers
3 Greene of Crisp
4 Mathis 3 Register
6 Green of Rabun
7 Grimsley
8 Smith of Emanuel
9 Scoggin
10 Wright
11 Hall
12 Lowe
13 Tamplin
14 Murphy of Haralson
13 Edenfield
16 Fowler of Douglas
17 Killian
18 Nightingale
19 Russell
20 Stevens of Marion
21 Callier
22 Pelham
23 King of Pike
24 Veal
25 Ramsey
26 Hawkins
27 Baughman
28 Cotton
29 Wheeler
30 Deen
31 Groover
32 McKenna
33 Carlisle
34 Foster
35 Blalock
36 Lokey
37 Hoke Smith of Fulton
38 Gill is
39 Jordan
40 Jones of Lumpkin
41 Ray
42 Garrard
43 Underwood of Montgomery
44 Harrison of Jeff Davis
45 Roughton
46 Barber
47 Duke
48 Massee
49 Harris
50 Frier
51 Mincy
52 Harrison of Wayne
53 Sheffield
54 Brannen
55 Murphey of Crawford
56 Jessup
57 Bloodworth
58 McGarity
59 McWhorter
60 Mackay
61 Rutland
62 Underwood of Bartow
63 Upshaw
64 Mauldin
65 Coker of Cherokee
66 Ivey
67 Walker
68 Stephens of Clarke
69 Matthews
70 Cker of Walker
71 Campbell
72 Drinkard
73 Pickard
74 Young
75 Nilan
76 Kennedy of Tattnall
77 Smith of Evans
78 Lanier
79 Fordham
80 Allen
81 Lavender
82 Singer
83 Wooten
84 Henderson
85 Barber of Colquitt
86 Short
87 Fowler of Tift
88 Bodenhamer
89 Bentley
90 Reed
91 Willingham
92 Clary
93 Boggus
94 Harrell
95 Todd
96 Kitchens
97 Willis
98 Odom
99 Palmer 100 Twitty
101 Long
102 Tarpley
103 King of Whitfield
104 Houston
105 Love
106 Potts
107 Stripling
108 Matheson
109 Phillips of Columbia
110 Cowart
111 Watson
112 Denson
113 Floyd
114 Weems
115 Gross of Dade
116 Lindsey
117 Bolton
118 Terrell
119 Cloud
120 Raulerson
121 Musgrove
122 Parker
123 Tanner
124 Hayes
125 Cheek
126 Dozier
127 Adams
128 Kennedy of Turner
129 Moorman
130 Freeman
131 Hodges
132 Lam
133 Birdsong
134 Wilson
135 Sanders
136 Holley
137 Chambers
138 Sognier
139 Eyler
140 Cheatham
141 Cates
142 Phillips of Walton
143 McCracken
144 Mobley
145 Turk
146 Kelley
147 Kilgore
148 Hardaway
149 Peters
150 Cason
151 Johnson
152 Goodson
153 Murr
154 Jones of Sumter
155 Caldwell
156 Mallory
157 Jones of Worth
158 Peacock
159 Elder
160 Martin
161 Williams
162 Gunter
163 McKelvey
164 Cornelius
165 Flynt
166 Ruark
167 Jackson
168 Ayers
169 Moore
170 Wilson
171 Gilleland
172 Hogan
173 Jones of Laurens
174 Perkins
175 Duncan
176 Johnson
177 Black
178 Blackburn
179 Deal
180 Denmark
181 Hendrix
182 Strickland
183 Gross of Stephens
184 Coxwell
185 Cocke
186 Souter
187 Davis
188 Key
189 Rowland
190 Land
191 Brown
192 Mashburn
193 Truelove
194 Pettey
195 Mull
196 Hudson
197 English
198 Chastain
199 Hurst
200 Fain
201 Huddleston
202 Bagby
203 Sivell
204 King of Chattahoochee
Rostrum
Marvin Moate Speaker Rostrum Joe Boone Clerk
House of Representatives Alphabetically by Names
Adams j127
Allen Z80
Ayers 168
Bagby 202
uaguy Barber of
Colquitt 85
Barber of
Jackson 46
Baughman 27
Bentley 89
Birdsong 133
Black 177
Blackburn 178
Blalock 35
Bloodworth 57
Bodenhamer 88
Boggus 93
Bolton 117
Brannen 54
Brown 191
Caldwell 155
Callier 21
Campbell 71
Carlisle 33
Cason 150
Cates 141
Chambers 137
Chastain 198
Cheatham 140
Cheek 15
Clary 92
Cloud 119
Cocke 185
Coker of
Cherokee 65
Coker of
Walker 70
Cornelius 164
Cotton 28
Cowart 110
Coxwell 184
Davis 187
Deal 179
Deen 30
Denmark 180
Denson 11
Dozier 126
Drinkard 7
Duke 47
Duncan 175
Edenfield 15
Elder 159
English 197
Eyler 139
Fain 200
Floyd 113
Flynt 165
Fordham 79
Foster34
Fowler of Douglas 16
Fowler of
Tift 87
Freeman 130
Frier 50
Garrard 4
Gill eland 171
Gillis 38
Goodson Green of 152
Rabun Greene of 6
Crisp 3
Grimsley 7
Groover Gross of 31
Stephens Gross of 183
Dade 115
Gunter 16
Hall 11
Hardaway 148
Harrell 94
Harris Harrison of 49
Jeff Davis Harrison of 44
Wayne 5
Hawkins 6
Hayes 14
Henderson 84
Hendrix 181
Hodges 131
Hogan 172
Hofley 136
Houston 104
Huddleston 201
Hudson 196
Hurst 199
Ivey 66
Jackson 167
Jessup Johnson of 56
Jenkins Johnson of 176
Gilmer Jones of 151
Worth Jones of 157
Lumpkin Jones of 40
Laurens Jones of 173
Sumter 154
Jordan 39
Kelley Kennedy of 146
Turner Kennedy of 128
Tattnall 76
Key 188
Kilgore Killian 147 17
King of Whitfield 103
King of Chattahoochee 204
King of Pike 23
Kitchens 96
Lam 13
Land 190
Lanier 78
Lavender 81
Lindsey 116
Lokey 36
Long 101
Love 105
Lowe 12
Mackav 60
Mallory 156
Martin 160
Mashburn 192
Massee 48
Matheson 108
Mathis 4
Matthews 69
Mauldin 64
McCracken 143
McGarity 58
McKelvey 163
McKenna 32
McWhorter 59
Mincy 51
Mobley 144
Moore 169
Moorman 129
Mull 195
Murphey of Crawford 55
Murphy of Haralson 14
Murr 153
Musgrove 121
Nightingale 18
Nil an 75
Odom 98
Palmer 99
Parker 122
Peacock 158
Pelham 22
Perkins 174
Peters 149
Pettey 194
Phillips of Columbia 142 Phillips of Walton 109
Pickard 73
Potts 106
Ramsey J 25 Raulerson 120
Ray 1 41
Reed 90
Register 5
Rodgers 2
Roughton 45
Rowland 189
Ruark 166
Russell 19
Rutland 61
Sanders 135
Scoggin 9
Sheffield 53
Short 86
Singer 82
Sivell 3
Smith of
Evans 77
Smith of
Emanuel 8
Smith Hoke
of bui ton 1 37
Smith M M
of button 1
Sognier 138
Souter 186
Stephens of
Clarke 68
Stevens of
Marion 20
Strickland 182
Stripling 107
Tamplin 13
Tanner 123
Tarpley 102
Terrell 118
Todd 95
Truelove 193
Turk 145
Twitty 100
Underwood of
Bartow 62
Underwood of
Mont
gomery 43
Upshaw 63
Veal 24
Walker 67
Watson 111
Weems 114
Wheeler 29
Williams 161
Willingham 91
Willis 97
Wilson of
Towns 134
Wilson of
Peach 170
Wooten 83
Wright to
Young 74
Rostrum Marvin Moate Speaker Rostrum Joe Boone Clerk
WWW
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
101
OFFICERS OF THE
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
TERM
195556
MARVIN E MOATEjSpeaker
Hancock County
1 HAROLD S WILLINGHAM Cobb County Speaker Pro Tem
JOE BOONE Wilkinson County Clerk
JACK GREEN Rabun County Assistant
I JANETTE HIRSCH Fulton County Assistant
MARION TOMS Quitman County Doorkeeper
MARVIN BRAZEAL A Terrell County II i LIBRARIES
io
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
MEMBERS OF THE
GEORGIA HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
ALPHABETICALLY ARRANGED ACCORDING TO NAMES WITH COUNTIES AND POST OFFICES
FOR THE TERM 19551956
Representative
Adams Joe B
Allen Francis W
Ayers Jere C
Bagby George T
Barber Leo T
Barber MacJp
Baughman Leon H
Bentley Fred D
Birdsong Frank G
Black J Lucius
Blackburn T Sidney
Blalock Edgar
Bloodworth John W Bodenhamer Wm T Boggus Argin A Sr Bolton Arthur K
Brannen C B
Brown Cecil E
Caldwell Johnnie L Callier H Chris J Cmpbell AlbertJ Carlisle J Douglas J Cason L eL0alEjbM
County Post Office
Lamar Barnesville
Bulloch Ji Statesboro
M adisonJComer
Paulding Dallas
Colquitt Moultrie
Jackson Commerce
Early Cedar Springs
Cobb Marietta
Troup La Grange
Webster Preston
Habersham Alto
Clayton Jonesboro
Houston Perry
Tift Ty Ty
Ren Hill Fitzgerald
Spalding Griffin
Dooly Unadilla
Telfair Lumber City
TTpson Thomaston
Talbot Talbotton
Walker LaFayette
Bibb Macon
Pierce Blackshear
103
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
Representative County Post Office
Cates Frank M Burke Waynesboro
Chambers R Lee Richmond Augusta
Chastain Robert E Thomas Thomasville
Cheatham Frank S Jr Chatham Savannah
Cheek Hugh G Taylor Butler
Clary H Enlond McDuffie Thomson
Cloud H Carl Decatur Climax
Cocke Steve M Terrell Dawson
Coker Grady N Dr Cherokee Canton
Coker Robert E Walker LaFayette
Cornelius M M Polk Cedartown
Cotton L Baker Leary
Cowart J M Calhoun Arlington
Coxwell Wm M Lee Leesburg
Davis E M Clay Fort Gaines
Deal W Roscoff Bryan Pembroke
Deen Braswell Jr Bacon Alma
Denmark Roscoe Liberty Hinesville
Denson Jim Dougherty Albany
Dozier Lovette Miller Colquitt
Drinkard John P Lincoln Linrolnton
Duke Joseph B Baldwin Milled geville
Duncan J Ebb Carfoll Carrollton
Edenfield Mose McIntosh Darien
Elder D Mayne 0 congee Watkinsville
English R S Jr Berrien Nashville
Eyler Edgar P Chatham Savannah
Fain Ralph Kelley Franklin Royston
Floyd James H Chattooga Trion
Flynt Wales T Taliaferro Crawfordville
Fordham Wiley B Bulloch Statesboro
Deceased
104
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
Representative County
Foster E AlvinClayton
Fowler A A JrMiil Douglas 1
Fowler Howard Tift
Freeman Wm B Monroe
Frier W A5i Ware
Garrard H GJIiilwilkfes
Gilleland Carlton WDawson
Gillis Hugh Lri1Treutlen iz
Goodson Charles LHeard
Green PaulIRabun
Greene Palmer HCrisp
Grimsley Lonnie HCook ip
Groover Denmark JrBibb
Gross Frank L Stephens
Gross Woodrow WzDade
Gunter Wm B Hall
Hall J Battleji Floyd
Hardaway Guy WMeriwether
Harrell R A Grady
Harris Wm BzBrantley
Harrison J IJeff Davis
Harrison Robert Lg1Wayne
Hawkins W Colbert Screven
Hayes DeweylvCoffee
H enderson Waldo Atkinson
Hendrix George WJiLong
Hodges B HarveyButts
Hogan Rubert LLaurens
Holley Wm WRichmond
Houston Harlan Whitfield
Huddleston Grady LFayettej
Post Office
Forest Park Douglasville Tifton Forsyth Millwood Washington Dawsonville Soperton Franklin Clayton Cordele Adel Macon Toccoa Avans Gainesville Rome Greenville Cairo Nahunta Hazlehurst J esup Sylvania Douglas Lakeland Ludowici Jackson Dudley Augusta Dalton Fayetteville
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
105
Representative
Jackson George L
Jessup Ben
Johnson Merrill
Johnson Walter F Jones David C
Jones Thad MSumter
Kennedy T E Jr
Kennedy Tom
Key Wm Hicks
Kilgore Willie Lee Killian William R
King M EiPike
Kitchens Claude S
Lokey HamiltonFulton
County Post Office
Irwin Ocilla
Quitman Georgetown
Newton Porterdale
Jones Gray
Rleekley Cochran
Jenkins Millen
Gilmer Ellijay
Worth Sylvester
Lumpkin Dahlonega
Laurens Dublin
Sumter Plains
Wheeler Alamo
Gwinnett Lawrenceville
Turner Ashburn
Tattnall Manassas
Jasper Monticello
Gwinnett Lawrenceville
Glynn Brunswick
Whitfield Dalton
Chattahoochee Cussetta
Pike Concord
Twiggs Dry Branch
Tronp Hogansville
Wilkinson Allentown
Candler Metter
a Elbert Bowman
Spalding Griffin
Fulton Atlanta
Murray Chatsworth
Catoosa Ringgold
Oglethorpe Crawford
106
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
Representative County Post Office
Mackay James A DeKalh Decatur
Mallory L A Jr Upson Thomaston
Martin Tom Ranks Homer
Mashburn Marcus Forsyth Gumming
Massee W C Raldwin Milled geville
Matheson B Benson Hart Hartwell
Mathis J E Lowndes Valdosta
Matthews Chappelle Clarke Athens
Mauldin Henry A Gordon Calhoun
McCracken J Roy Jefferson Avera
McGarity Edward E Henry McDonough
McKelvey Paul Polk Rockmart
McKenna Andrew W Bibb Macon
McWhorter W Hueh DeKalb Decatur
Mincy Cleve DIl lid Ware Waycross
Moate Marvin F HancockSparta
Mobley T WatsoniBurkeGirard
Moore A C Pickens Jasper
Moorman Warren SLanierLakeland
Mull Reid NFanninBlue Ridge
Murphey R CliftonCrawfordRoberta
Murphy Harold LHaralsonBuchanan
Murr Jack SumterAmericus
Musgrove Downing iiiiiaClinch Homerville
Nightingale Bernard NGlynnBrunswick
Nilan John Muscogee Columbus
Odom John DLCamden Kingsland
Palmer Tom C JrMitchell Pelham
Parker W C BillApplingBaxley
Peacock Gilbert CtLDodge Eastman
Pelham B E 1SchleyEllaville
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
107
Representative
Perkins Cu CL
Peters Hoke S
Pettey Pete
Phillips Glenn S
Phillips John Lee
Pickard A Mac
Potts George Wm
Ramsey H N Sr
Raulersori Louis T
Ray Jack BA
Reed Raymond M
Register G Troy
Rodgers H BenS
Roughton HarveyRowland Emory L Ruark William L Russell Robert L Jr Rutland Guy W Jrj
Sanders Carl E
Scoggin Robert L Bob Sheffield John E Jr
Short H Jack
Singer Sam S1I
Sivell W D
Smith B E Sriftf
Smith Geo L II
Smith Hokeii
l Smith M M Muggsy Sognier John W
Souter J Lester
Stephens Robert G Jr
County Post Office
Carroll Mount Zion
Meriwether Manchester
Pulaski Hawkinsville
Columbia Harlem
Walton Monroe
Muscogee Columbus
Coweta Newnan
Effingham Springfield
Echols Haylow
Warren Norwood
Marietta
Tnwndes Valdosta
Charlton Folkston
Washington Sandersville
Johnson Wrightsville
Greene Woodville
Barrow Winder
DeKalb Decatur
Richmond Augusta
Floyd Rome
Brooks 2 Quitman
Colquitt Doerun
Lumpkin
Harris Chipley
Evans Daisy
Emanuel Swainsboro
Enltnh Atlanta
Fulton Atlanta
Chatham Savannah
Macon Montezuma
Clarke Athens
108
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
Representative County
Stevens E C Marion
Strickland M OrteziiiiToombs
Stripling David CCoweta
Tamplin Howard HMorgan
Tanner Andrew JCoffee
Tarpley Jack GjUnion
Terrell Vaughn EDecatur
Todd W GiririyRjllul Glascock
Truelove Franklin FWhite
Turk D EvjjWilcox
Twitty Frank S Mitchell
Underwood D VannBartow
Underwood Joe C Montgomery
Upshaw Troy Bartow
Veal DallastxfflPutnam
Walker Eli MRockdale
Watson G StuartDougherty
Weems Paul B Chattooga
Wheeler R ELSeminole
Williams W MHallfo
Willingham Harold SiCobbj
Willis O SiLiiiiThomas
Wilson Montgomeryu Towns
Wilson WmJ1Peach
Wooten J MercerRandolph
Wright Barry JrFloydL
Young J GordonMuscogee
Post Office
Buena Vista Vidalia Newnan Madison Douglas Blairsville Bainbridge Gibson Cleveland Abbeville Camilla Cartersville Mt Vernon Rydal Eaton ton Conyers Albany Summerville Donalsonville Gainesville Marietta Coolidge Hiawassee Ft Valley Shellman Rome Columbus
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
109
MEMBERS OF THE
GEORGIA HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
BY COUNTIES AND POST OFFICES FOR THE TERM 19551956
County Representative Post Office
Appling W C Bill ParkerBaxley
Atkinson Waldo Henderson1Lakeland
Bacon Braswell Deen Jr Alma
BakerL CottonLeary
Baldwin pJoseph B Duke Milledgeville
Baldwin l W C Massee Milledgeville
Banks Tom MartinHomer
Barrow V Robert L Russell Jr IWinder
Bartow D Vann UnderwoodCartersville
BartowlTroy Upshaw Rydal
Ben Hill JZ Argin A Boggus SrFitzgerald
BerrienR S English JrNashville
Bibb1J Douglas CarlisleMacon
BibbDenmark Groover JrMacon
BibbAndrew W McKennaMacon
Bleckley Ben JessupTCochran
BrantleyWilliam B HarrisNahunta
Brooks fJohn E Sheffield Jr Quitman
Bryan W Roscoff Deal Pembroke
Bulloch Francis W Allen Statesboro
Bulloch Wiley B Fordham Statesboro
Burke Frank M Cates Waynesboro
Burke T Watson Mobley Girard
Butts R Harvey Hodges Jackson
Calhoun J M Cowart Arlington

110 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
County Camden Representative John D Odom Post Office TTincrclanrl
Candler William L Bill Lanier Metter
Carroll J Ebb Duncan
Carroll C C Perkins
Catoosa John W Love Jr I Ringgold
Charlton H Ben Rodgers Folkston
Chatham Frank S Cheatham Jr Savannah
Chatham Edgar P Eyler Savannah
Chatham John W Sognier Savannah
Chattahoochee Joe N King Cusseta
Chattooga James H Floyd Trion
Chattooga Paul B Weems Summerville
Cherokee Dr Grady N Coker
Clarke Chappelle Matthews Athens
Clarke Robert G Stephens Jr Athens
Clay E M Davis Fort Gaines
Clayton Edgar Blalock Jonesboro
Clayton E Alvin Foster Forest Park
Clinch Downing Musgrove Homerville
Cobb Fred D Bentley Marietta
Cobb Raymond M Reed
Cobb Harold S Willingham
Coffee Dewey Hayes Douglas
Coffee Andrew J Tanner Douglas
Colquitt Leo T Barber Moultrie
Colquitt H Jack Short Doerun
Columbia Glenn S Phillips
Cook Lonnie H Grimsley Adel
Coweta George W Potts Newnan
Coweta David C Stripling
Crawford R Clifton Murphey Roberta
Deceased
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
111
County Representative Post Office
Crisp Palmer H Greene Cordele
Dadeggyjj Woodrow W GrossciAvans
Dawsono4lCarlton W Gilleland 1Dawsonville
Decatur H Carl Cloud Climax
Decatur Vaughn E Terrell Bainbridge
DeKalb James A Mackay Decatur
DeKalb W Hugh McWhorter Decatur
DeKalb Guy W Rutland Jr Decatur
Dodge Gilbert C Peacock Eastman
Dooly C B Brannen Unadilla
Dougherty Jim Denson Albany
Dougherty G Stuart Watson Albany
Douglas A A Fowler Jr Douglasville
Early Leon H Baughman Cedar Spring
Echols Louis T Raulerson Haylow
Effingham H N Ramsey Sr Springfield
Elbert Woodrow Wilson Lavender Bowman
Emanuel Geo L Smith II Swainshoro
Evans B E Smith Sr Daisy
Fannin Reid Mull Blue Ridge
Fayette Grady L Huddleston Fayetteville
Floyd J Battle Hall Rome
Floyd Robert L Bob Scoggin Rome
Floyd Barry Wright Tr Rome
Forsyth Marcus Mashhnrn Cumming
Franklin Ralph Kelley Fain Royston
FultonHamilton Lokey v Atlanta
FultonLiLHoke SmithLAtlanta
FultonM M Muggsy Smith Atlanta
GilmerLWalter F JohnsonJiL Ellijay
GlascockW G ToddmiiiuaGibson
112
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
County Representative
GlynnWilliam R Killian
GlynnsxtavABernard N Nightingale
GordonHenry A Mauldintin
GradyJR A Harrell
GreeneyjyjjtWilliam L Rnark
GwinnettPaul V Kelley Sr
GwinnettdvLWillie Lee Kilgore
HabershamT Sidney Blackburn
HalljiWm B Gunter
HallW M Williams il
Hancock Marvin E Moate 1i2LLai
HaralsoniHarold L Murphy
HarrisiuilW D Sivell i roL
HartjB Benson Matheson
HeardauCharles L Good son
HenrylEdward E McGarity
HoustonxiaoKJohn W Bloodworth
IrwinillD D Hudson1
JacksonCIMac Barber dttm S
JasperlWm Hicks Key
Jeff DavisiJ I HarrisonilJhiti
JeffersonJ Roy McCracken
JenkinsMerrill Johnson
JohnsonEmory L Rowland
JonesiGeorge L Jackson
LamarJoe B Adams1
Lanier1Warren S Moorman
LaurensRubert L Hogan
LaurensPaul J Jones Jr
LeeWilliam M Coxwell
LibertyJjRoscoe Denmark
Post Office
Brunswick
Brunswick
Calhoun
Cairo
Woodville
Lawrenceville
Lawrenceville
Alto
Gainesville
Gainesville
Sparta
Buchanan
Chipley
Hartwell
Franklin
McDonough
Perry
Ocilla
Commerce
Monticello
Hazlehurst
Avera
Millen
Wrights ville
Gray
Barnesville
Lakeland
Dudley
Dublin
Leesburg
Hinesville
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
113
County Representative Post Office
Lincoln John P Drinkard Lincolnton
Long George W Hendrix Ludowici
Lowndes J E Mathis Valdosta
Lowndes G Troy Register Valdosta
Lumpkin Fred G Jones Jr Dahlonega
Macon J Lester Souter Montezuma
Madison Jere C Ayers t Comer
Marion E C Stevens Buena Vista
McDuffie H Eulond Clary Thomson
McIntosh Mose Edenfield Darien
Meriwether Guy W Hardaway Greenville
Meriwether Hoke S Peters Manchester
Miller Lovette Dozier Colquitt
Mitchell Tom C Palmer Jr Pelham
Mitchell Frank S Twitty Camilla
Monroe Wm B Freeman Forsyth
Montgomery Joe C Underwood Mt Vernon
Morgan Howard H Tamplin i Madison
Murray Fred F Long Ch ats worth
Muscogee i John Nilan Colnmhns
Muscogee 1 A Mac Pickard Columbus
Muscogee J Gordon Young Columbus
Newton W C Ivey 7 Porterdale
Oconee D Mayne Elder W atkinsville
Oglethorpe Joe H Lowe Crawford
Paulding George T Bagby Dallas
Peach Wm J Wilson Ft Valley
Pickens A C Moore Jasper
Pierce L J Cason Blackshear
Pike M E King Concord
Polk M M Cornelius Cedartown
114
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
County
Polk Pulaski
Putnam
Quitman
Rabun
Randolph Richmond Richmond Richmond Rockdale SchleyLib Screvenb
Seminole
Spalding
Spalding
Representative
Post Office
Paul McKelveyiRockmart
Pete PetteyxiHawkinsville
Dallas VealziiiKlLEatonton
Joe J Hurst4 Georgetown
Paul Green i2abClayton
J Mercer WootenablShellman
R Lee Chambers ribAugusta
William W HolleyiUiAugusta
Carl E Sanders jlAugusta
Eli M WalkerIiIIbConyers
B E PelhamiiV vbEllaville
W Colbert Hawkins II Sylvama
R E Wheeler Donalsonville
Arthur K BoltoniLbi jGriffin
Frank P Lindsey Jr Griffin
Stephens Frank L Gross Torcoa
Stewart Sam S Singer Lumpkin
Sumter Thad M Jones Plains
Sumter Jack Murr Americus
Talbot H Chris Callier Talhotton
Taliaferro Wales T Flynt Crawfordville
Tattnall Tom Kennedy Manassas
Taylor Hugh G Cheek Butler
Telfair Cecil E Brown Lumber City
Terrell Steve M Cocke Dawson
Thomas Robt E Chastain Thomasville
Thomas 0 S Willis Coolidge
Tift Wm T Bodenhamer Ty Ty
Tift Howard Fowler Tiftnn
Toombs M Ortez Strickland Vidalia
Towns Montgomery Wilson Hiawassee
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
115
County Representative Post Office

TreutlenHugh Gillis
TroupIFrank G Birdsong
TroupC 0 Lam
TurnerT E Kennedy Jr
TwiggsClaude S Kitchens
UnionJack G Tarpley r
UpsonL A Mallory Jr
UpsonJohnnie L Caldwell
WalkerRobert E Coker
WalkerAlbert Campbell
WaltonljJohn Lee Phillips
Ware W A Frier
WareCleve Mincy
WarrenJack B Ray
Washington IHarvey Roughton
Wayne 1 Robert L Harrison
WebsteriJ Lucius Black
WheelerC M Jordan Jr
White I Franklin F Truelove
WhitfieldHarlan Houston
WhitfieldHarvey G King Jr
Wilcox D E Turk
WilkesH G Garrard
WilkinsonA T Land
WorthDavid C Jones
Soperton La Grange Hogansville Ashburn Dry Branch Blairsville Thomaston Thomaston LaFayette LaFayette Monroe Millwood Waycross Norwood Sandersville Jesup Preston Alamo Cleveland Dalton Dalton Abbeville Washington Allentown Sylvester
m i mm r 1 ma i i i
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QfHty

STANDING COMMITTEES
OP THE
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
TERM 1955 1956
118
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
I
ACADEMY FOR THE BLIND COMMITTEE
Baughman Chairman Murphy of Haralson ViceChairman Kitchens Secretary Blood worth Carlisle Coxwell Davis Deal Dozier Duke English Fordham Gross of Dade Hardaway Harris
Harrison of Jeff Davis
Henderson
Hendrix
Hodges
Hudson
Jackson
Johnson of Gilmer Jones of Laurens Kelley
Kennedy of Tattnall King of Chattahoochee Lanier
Love of Catoosa Massee
Matheson of Hart
Mauldin
Mobley
Pelham
Raulerson
Ruark
Sivell
Smith of Evans Tanner Terrell Walker
Wilson of Peach
AMENDMENTS TO THE CONSTITUTION No 1 COMMITTEE
Freeman Chairman Cheatham ViceChairman Young Secretary
Barber of Jackson
Carlisle
Chastain
Clary
Cowart
Dozier
Eyler
Gilleland
Goodson
Henderson
Huddleston
Jones of Lumpkin Jordan
Kennedy of Turner Key
King of Chattahoochee
Kitchens
Lanier
Mathis of Lowndes
Mauldin
Mincy
Mobley
Moorman
Murphy of Haralson Musgrove
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
119
Odom Pettey Ruark Scoggin Sivell
Smith Hoke of Fulton
Tarpley Walker Watson Willingham Wilson of Peach
AMENDMENTS TO THE CONSTITUTION No 2 COMMITTEE
Nightingale Chairman McCracken ViceChairman Jones of Worth Secretary Ayers Bentley Birdsong Bloodworth 9 Bolton Brown Caldwell Callier Cates Chambers Davis Deal Elder English Fordham Gross of Dade Gunter Hardaway Harrell Harris
Harrison of Jeff Davis Hodges
Houston
Hudson
Johnson of Gilmer Jones of Laurens Jones of Sumter Kelley
King of Whitfield
King of Pike
Lam
Lokey
Long
Love of Catoosa
Mackay
Matthews
McKelvey
Palmer
Perkins
Phillips of Columbia
Potts
Raulerson
Reed
Sognier
Strickland of Toombs
Tanner
Veal
APPROPRIATIONS COMMITTEE
Coker of Cherokee Chairman Groover ViceChairman Sheffield Secretary
Adams
Allen
Barber of Jackson
120
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
Bodeuhamer Mashburn
Boggus Matheson of Hart
Carlisle Mauldin
Chambers McKenna
Cheek McWhorter
Cocke Mincy
Deen Moorman
Denmark Mull
Denson Murphy of Haralson
Dozier Murr
Drinkard Palmer
Duke Pettey
Duncan Phillips of Walton
Edenfield Roughton
Freeman Russell
Goodson Singer
Gieen of Rabun Sivell
Greene of Crisp Smith Hoke of Fulton
Huddleston Sognier
Jessup Terrell
Kitchens Walker
Lavender
AUDITING COMMITTEE
Jessup Chairman Peacock ViceChairman Campbell Secretary Boggus Cocke Cotton Coxwell Frier Gilleland Henderson Hendrix
Jones of Sumter Lowe of Oglethorpe
Mallory
Matheson of Hart
Mauldin
Nightingale
Pickard
Ramsey
Raulerson
Ruark
Singer
Souter
Turk
Veal
Walker
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
121
AVIATION COMMITTEE
Wheeler Chairman Fowler of Douglas ViceChmn Harrell Secretary Boggus Bolton Brannen Duncan Edenfield Flynt Foster Gillis
Greene of Crisp Groover Houston Jessup
Jones of Laurens
J ordan Kelley
Kennedy of Turner
Lanier
Mackay
Martin
McWhorter
Musgrove
Nilan
Phillips of Columbia
Register
Scoggin
Smith M M of Fulton
Sognier
Todd
Young
BANKS AND BANKING COMMITTEE
Stephens of Clarke Chairman Gunter ViceChairman Land Secretary Adams Allen
Barber of Colquitt Brannen Callier Cheatham
Coker of Cherokee Garrprd
Gross of Stephens
Harrison of Wayne
Hawkins
Hogan
Jessup
Key
Lindsey
Mashburn
Mull
Murphey of Crawford
Musgrove
Nightingale
Pelham
Peters
Ray
Russell
Sanders
Singer
Stevens of Marion
Twitty
Wooten
Wright
122
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
COMMERCE COMMITTEE
Greene of Crisp Chairman Willis ViceChairman Fordham Secretary
Barber of Jackson
Baughman
Birdsong
Blalock
Brown
Callier
Cates
Cheatham
Clary
Davis
Deal
Duncan
Edenfield
English
Eyler
Gilleland
Goodson
Gross of Stephens Gross of Dade Harrell Harris Henderson
Hodges
Huddleston
Hudson
Johnson of Gilmer
Jones of Lumpkin
Jones of Sumter
Kelley
Kilgore
Kitchens
Land
Lanier
Love of Catoosa
Lowe of Oglethorpe
Mackay
Martin
Mobley
Phillips of Columbia
Reed
Register
Rodgers
Smith of Evans Smith Hoke of Fulton Veal Young
CONSERVATION COMMITTEE
Todd Chairman Deal
Gillis ViceChairman Deen
Watson Secretary Edenfield
Barber of Jackson Elder
Bentley English
Birdsong Flynt
Black Foster
Brown Frier
Callier Garrard
Coxwell Gilleland
Davis Greene of
Crisp
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
123
Harrell Lindsey
Harris Love of Catoosa
Harrison of Jeff Davis McCracken
Hayes Mobley
Henderson Palmer
Hendrix Pelham
Hodges Register
Hogan Rodgers
Hudson Roughton
Hurst Ruark
Johnson of Gilmer Sivell
Jones of Laurens Smith of Evans
Jones of Worth Terrell
Jordan Weems
Key Wheeler
Kilgore Willis
Land Wooten
CORPORATIONS
Cornelius Chairman Garrard ViceChairman Kilgore Secretary Baughman Black Blalock Bloodworth Cason Chambers Davis
Gross of Stephens
Gunter
Harrell
Hogan
Holley
Houston
Ivey
COMMITTEE
Johnson of Gilmer
Jordan
Lokey
Long
Mobley
Nightingale
Peacock
Peters
Pettey
Reed
Rutland
Sanders
Strickland of Toombj
Tanner
Watson
Young
124
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
COUNTIES AND COUNTY MATTERS COMMITTEE
Short Chairman Singer ViceChairman Killian Secretary Baughman Bentley Blackburn Blalock Bloodworth Bodenhamer Brown Caldwell Cheatham Cloud Coxwell Deal
Denmark
Denson
Dozier
English
Fain
Fordham
Frier
Garrard
Gilleland
Gillis
Gross of Dade
Harrell
Henderson
Hodges
Hogan
Hudson
Johnson of Jenkins
Kelley
Lavender
Lokey
Love of Catoosa Mackay McWhorter Mobley
Murphy of Haralson Parker
Phillips of Columbia
Phillips of Walton
Pickard
Ramsey
Raulerson
Reed
Rodgers
Ruark
Smith of Evans Souter
Stripling of Coweta
Todd
Turk
Upshaw
Williams
Willingham
Wilson of Towns
Wooten
Wright
DRAINAGE COMMITTEE
Willingham Chairman Black
King of Chattahoochee Cocke
ViceChairman Cowart
Fain Secretary Dozier
Bentley Drinkard
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
125
Duncan
Edenfield
Floyd
Gilleland
Greene of Crisp
Groover
Hall
Hardaway Harrison of Wayne Jessup
Jones of Lumpkin
Key
Land
Mathis of Lowndes Murphy of Haralson Phillips of Columbia Ramsey Short
Smith Hoke of Fulton Smith M M of Fulton Stephens of Clarke Stevens of Marion Tamplin Twitty
EDUCATION COMMITTEE No 1
BodEN hamer Chairman Cheek ViceChairman Lindsey Secretary Adams Allen
Barber of Colquitt
Barber of Jackson
Blackburn
Cotton
Cowart
Denson
Dozier
Floyd
Flynt
Gilleland
Green of Rabun
Grimsley
Groover
Hardaway
Harrison of Wayne
Hawkins
Ivey
Jackson
Jones of Lumpkin
Kennedy of Turner
Kitchens
Land
Lowe of Oglethorpe
Mallory
Martin
Massee
Mauldin
Murphy of Haralson
Odom
Perkins
Peters
Pettey
Phillips of Walton
Potts
Rodgers
Roughton
Sheffield
Sivell
Souter
Stevens of Marion
Terrell
Turk
Twitty
126
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
Wheeler Wilson of Peach
Willis Young
EDUCATION COMMITTEE No 2
Lavender Chairman Hall ViceChairman Sanders Secretary Birdsong Boggus Brown Caldwell Callier Cheatham Coxwell Deal Deen Duke English Giilis
Gross of Stephens Gunter Harrell Harris
Harrison of Jeff Davis
Henderson
Hendrix
Hodges
Hogan
Houston
Jones of Worth
Jordan
Kelley
Kennedy of Tattnall Key
King of Chattahoochee Lam
Love of Catoosa
Mathis of Lowndes
Matthews I j
McGarity I
Mobley
Mull
Murphey of Crawford
Murr
Palmer
Peacock
Pelham
Phillips of Columbia
Reed
Ruark
Singer
Smith of Emanuel Strickland of Toombs Truelove
Underwood of Bartow
Upshaw
Walker
ENGROSSING COMMITTEE
Green of Rabun Chairman Phillips of Walton ViceChmn Hodges Secretary Allen Ayers
Bagby
Barber of Jackson
Baughman
Boggus
Cason
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
127
Clary King of Whitfield
Cloud Martin
Coker of Walker McKelvey
Deen Moore
Fowler of Tift Sanders
Goodson Short
Gunter Stevens of Marion
Harris Todd
Hudson Veal
Johnson of Jenkins Wheeler
ENROLLING COMMITTEE
Pettey Chairman Kilgore
Upshaw ViceChairman Long
Black Secretary Love of Catoosa
Adams Matheson of Hart
Baughman Palmer
Birdsong Pelham
Blackburn Potts
Bodenhamer Raulerson
Brannen Register
Brown Sivell
Caldwell Tanner
Cason Truelove
Fordham Underwood of Mont
Houston gomery
Jones of Worth Key Wilson of Peach
EXCUSE OF MEMBERS ABSENT WITHOUT LEAVE
COMMITTEE
Tarpley Chairman Jones of Worth
Ayers ViceChairman Kilgore
English Secretary King of Chattahoochee
Brown Lam
Cason Land
Harrison of Jeff Davis Long
Hudson Mackay
Hurst Mallory
128
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
Moore Reed
Parker Truelove
GAME AND FISH COMMITTEE
Cocke Chairman Cloud ViceChairman Denmark Secretary Bagby
Barber of Colquitt
Black
Boggus
Brannen
Caldwell
Cheek
Clary
Coker of Cherokee
Cornelius
Cotton
Coxwell
Dozier
Edenfield
Eyler
Fain
Freeman
Greene of Crisp
Grimsley
Ivey
Jackson
Johnson of Jenkins Kennedy of Turner Killian
Lowe of Oglethorpe
Mallory
Massee
Matheson of Hart
Mauldin
McGarity
McWhorter
Mull
Murphey of Crawford
Murphy of Haralson
Murr
Musgrove
Odom
Parker
Peacock
Perkins
Pettey
Phillips of Walton
Pickard
Potts
Raulerson
Rodgers
Sognier
Souter
Stephens of Clarke
Stevens of Marion
Stripling of Coweta
Tamplin
Turk
Upshaw
Weems
Wheeler
Willis
GENERAL AGRICULTURE COMMITTEE No 1
Mauldin Chairman Lanier ViceChairman
Brannen Secretary
Barber of Colquitt
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
129
Barber of Jackson
Black
Bolton
Callier
Cheek
Clary
Cloud
Coker of Cherokee
Dozier
Flynt
Fowler of Douglas
Freeman
Frier
Garrard
Goodson
Green of Rabun
Grimsley
Harrell
Jones of Worth
Jones of Sumter
Kitchens
Lavender
Lindsey
McCracken
Murphey of Crawford
Muir
Musgrove
Palmer
Perkins
Pettey
Phillips of Columbia
Phillips of Walton
Potts
Ramsey
Roughton
Russell
Short
Singer
Stephens of Clarke
Strickland of Toombs
Tamplin
Todd
Turk
Walkdr
Wheeler
Willis
Wilson of Peach Wooten
GENERAL AGRICULTURE COMMITTEE No 2
McGarity Chairman Murphy of Haralson ViceChairman Cates Secretary Ayers Blackburn Bodenhamer Cason Coxwell Deeii Elder English
Fordham Fowler of Tift Gillis
Gross of Dade
Hardaway
Harris
Henderson
Hodgtes
Hogan
Houston
Hudso
Hurst
130
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
Johnson of Jenkins
Jordan
Kelley
Kennedy of Tattnall
Kilgore
King of Pike
Lam
Long
Love of Catoosa Lowe of Oglethorpe McKelvey McKenna
Moorman
Parker
Pelham
Peters
Raulerson
Ray
Smith of Evans Tanner
Underwood of Montgomery Upshaw Williams Wilson of Towns
GENERAL JUDICIARY COMMITTEE No 1
Scoggin Chairman Musgrove ViceChairman Sognier Secretary Chambers
Eyler
Foste
Fowler of Tift Freeman
Gross of Stephens
Hawkins
Huddleston
Jaqkson
Key
Killian
Lokey
Matthews McCracken McWhorter
Rowland
Smith of Emanuel
Stephens of Clarke
Strickland of Toombs
Tarpley
Twitty
Veal
Wright
Young m
GENERAL JUDICIARY COMMITTEE No 2
Carlisle Chairman Stripling of Coweta V iceChairman Nilan Secretary Adams Allen
Bagby
Bentley
Blackburn
Bloodworth
Bolton
Caldwell
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
131
Cates
Coker of Walker
Deen
Denmark
Frier
Garrard
Goodson
Gunter
Jones of Laurens Kennedy of Tattnall King of Chattahoochee Mashburn McKenna
Moorman
Murr
Murphy of Haralson
Nightingale
Ray
Russell
Sanders
Scoggin
Sheffield
Underwood of Bartow Watson Willingham
GEORGIA STATE SANITARIUM COMMITTEE
Jackson Chairman Massee ViceChairman Hendrix Secretary
Barber of Colquitt
Black
Brannen
Boggus
Campbell
Chastain
Deal
Duke
English
Gross of Dade
Green of Rabun
Greene of Crisp
Grimsley
Henderson
Hodges
Johnson of Jenkins Jones of Sumter
Kennedy of Tattnall
Mashburn
Matheson of Hart
McKelvey
Mincy
Nightingale
Nilan
Palmer
Perkins
Register
Roughton
Tarpley
Turk
Underwood of Bartow Underwood of Montgomery Upshaw Veal Watson
Wilson of Towns
GEORGIA SCHOOL FOR THE DEAF COMMITTEE
Weems Chairman
Wright ViceChairman
132
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
Lam Secretary Ayers Bagby Bentley Blackburn Caldwell Campbell
Cason
Coker of Walker
Cornelius
Cotton
Denson
Drinkard
Duncan
Edenfield
Floyd
Flynt
Gilleland
Gunter
Harris
Hayes
Johnson of Gilmer Kilgore
King of Whitfield
Lokey
Long
Moore
Raulerson
Tanner
Underwood of Bartow Veal
HALLS AND ROOMS COMMITTEE
Rutland Chairman Cowart ViceChairman Gross of Stephens Secretary Bentley Black Bolton Campbell Chastain Clary Cloud Cocke Cotton Floyd Fordham Fowler of Tift Greene of Crisp Hardaway Hendrix
Holley
King of Chattahoochee
Lanier
Lavender
Mackay
Murphy of Haralson
Pelham
Perkins
Rodgers
Singer
Smith of Emanuel
Stevens of Marion
Todd
Weems
Williams
Willingham
Wright
HISTORICAL RESEARCH COMMITTEE Moorman Chairman
Chambers ViceChairman
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
133
Bentley Secretary Adams Ayers Baughman Birdsong Black
Bloodworth Brannen Cloud
Coker of Walker
Cotton
English
Freeman
Garrard
Goodson
Gross of Stephens
Gunter
Harrell
Hayes
Henderson
Hodges
Jones of Sumter
Jordan
Kilgore
Lam
Mackay
Mathis of Lowndes
Matthews
McCracken
Peters
Ray
Russell
Stephens of Clarke
Tanner
Tarpley
Underwood of Montgomery Veal Watson Williams Young
HYGIENE AND SANITATION COMMITTEE
I Mashburn Chairman I Mincy ViceChairman Huddleston Secretary Adams
Barber of Jackson
Baughman
Birdsong
Brannen
Clary
Cocke
Coker of Cherokee
Coker of Walker
Fordham
Gillis
Goodson
Green of Rabun
Harrison of Wayne Hendrix
Jones of Lumpkin Kennedy of Tattnall Kennedy of Turner King of Chattahoochee Lanier Lavender
Mathis of Lowndes
Matthews
McCracken
McGarity
McKelvey
Palmer
Peacock
Pettey
134
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
Russell Willingham
Singer Willis
INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS COMMITTEE
Rowland Chairman Twitty ViceChairman Ivey Secretary Adams Bagby
Barber of Colquitt
Barber of Jackson
Blackburn
Chambers
Cheatham
Cornelius
Denmark
Foster
Fowler of Tift
Freeman
Groover
Gross of Stephens
Holley
Huddleston
Killian
Lavender
McKenna
Murr
Nilan
Phillips of Walton
Russell
Rutland
Scoggin
Sheffield
Souter
Strickland of Toombs Tarpley Willingham Young
INSURANCE COMMITTEE
Russell Chairman Reed ViceChairman Murphey of Crawford Sec Adams Allen Bagby
Barber of Colquitt
Barber of Jackson
Blalock
Brannen
Chambers
Garrard
Hall
Harrison of Wayne Hogan
Ivey
Jackson
Jones of Worth
Kilgore
Lanier
Massee
Matheson of Hart
Matthews
McCracken
Murr
Peacock
Pettey
Phillips of Walton
Ramsey
Roughton
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
135
Smith of Emanuel Underwood of Bartow
Smith M M of Fulton Souter Stevens of Marion Weems Williams
INTERSTATE CORPORATION COMMITTEE
I Sheffield Chairman I Mincy ViceChairman 1 Drinkard Secretary Groover Phillips of Columbia
INVALID PENSIONS AND SOLDIERS HOME COMMITTEE
I Grimsley Chairman I Moore ViceChairman I Walker Secretary Ayers Bolton 1 Carlisle Cotton Deen Floyd Foster Gross of Stephens Harrison of Jeff Davis Johnson of Gilmer Lavender McKenna Moorman Murphy of Haralson Perkins Peters Register Sanders Stevens of Marion Truelove Watson Weems Wilson of Towns
JOURNALS COMMITTEE
I Boggus Chairman Deal ViceChairman I Veal Secretary Birdsong Brannen Cates Coker of Walker Cowart Dozier Fowler of Douglas Gilleland Harris Harrison of Jeff Davis Hendrix Hodges Hurst Kelley Killian Lokey Lowe of Oglethorpe
136
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
Martin
Mobley
Raulerson
Sivell
Tanner
Tarpley
Terrell
Turk
Underwood of Bartow Weems
LEGISLATIVE AND CONGRESSIONAL REAPPORTIONMENT COMMITTEE
Goodson Chairman Odom ViceChairman Fordham Secretary Ayers Carlisle Cason Cates Cloud Cowart Deal Duke Hall Harris Holley Huddleston Johnson of Gilmer
Key
Lavender
Mackay
Matthews
Mauldin
Peters
Raulerson
Ray
Rowland
Sanders
Smith of Emanuel
Smith M M of Fulton
Terrell
Twitty
Walker
MANUFACTURERS COMMITTEE
Smith M M of Fulton Chairman Jones of Sumter ViceChairman Smith of Evans Secretary Bentley Bolton Brannen Brown Cason Cheatham Clary
Cornelius
Cowart
Deal
Eyler
Fain
Fowler of Douglas Harrison of Jeff Davis Hurst Ivey
Johnson of Gilmer Killian
King of Whitfield
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
137
1 Lam
Long Martin
Mathis of Lowndes
McKelvey
Mobley
Mull
Nilan
Pelham
Peters
Strickland of Toombs
Tanner
Tarpley
Truelove
Twitty
Underwood of Montgomery Willis Young

MILITARY AFFAIRS COMMITTEE
Murr Chairman McKenna ViceChairman Fowler of Douglas Secretary Chambers Cheatham Cheek Cowart Denmark Fain Gillis Gunter Hurst Jordan Kelley Killian
King of Whitfield
Mackay
Mathis of Lowndes
Mauldin
McGarity
McKelvey
Mincy
Nilan
Odom
Sheffield
Smith H of Fulton Stripling of Coweta Turk
Underwood of Bartow
Walker
Watson
Young
MINES AND MINING COMMITTEE
I Mull Chairman Gross of Dade ViceChairman Long Secretary Cornelius Fowler of Douglas Gilleland
Gross of Stephens
Harrell
Harrison of Jeff Davis
Hayes
Houston
Johnson of Gilmer Jones of Lumpkin Key
138
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
King of Pike
Lam
Lanier
Love of Catoosa Mashburn McGarity Mobley
Moore
Register
Tarpley
Truelove
Weems
Wilson of Towns
MOTOR VEHICLES COMMITTEE
Jones of Lumpkin Chairman Jessup ViceChairman Tamplin Secretary Ayers Bagby Birdsong Black Blalock Brannen Callier Chastain Cheek Drinkard Floyd Freeman Garrard Gillis
Gross of Dade Hall Jackson Kitchens
Lowe of Oglethorpe
Mallory
McCracken
McKelvey
McKenna
Mincy
Mull
Murphey of Crawford
Nilan
Peacock
Pickard
Ray
Rowland
Rutland
Sivell
Smith of Emanuel Smith M M of Fulton Souter
Stevens of Marion Strickland of Toombs Willingham
MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT COMMITTEE
Smith Hoke of Fulton Chairman
Young ViceChairman Hayes Secretary Allen Caldwell
Chastain
Denson
Duke
Edenfield
Eyler
Greene of Crisp
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
139
Grimsley
Hall
Hardaway
Harrison of Jeff Davis Harrison of Wayne Hawkins Jackson
Jones of Laurens Jones of Sumter Jones of Worth Kennedy of Tattnall King of Pike King of Whitfield Mathis of Lowndes McKelvey
Moore
Murr
Nightingale
Peters
Register
Rutland
Sognier
Stripling of Coweta Terrell
Underwood of Montgomery Veal
Wilson of Peach Wright
PENITENTIARY COMMITTEE
Harrison of Wayne Chairman Mincy
Foster ViceChairman I Potts Secretary Bagby Blackburn Brannen Cates Cocke Coxwell Denmark Drinkard Greene of Crisp Grimsley Hendrix
Johnson of Jenkins Kennedy of Tattnall Martin
Matheson of Hart McGarity
PENSIONS
Sivell Chairman Matthews ViceChairman
Murphey of Crawford
Murr
Peacock
Pelham
Perkins
Phillips of Walton
Rowland
Short
Singer
Stevens of Marion Stripling of Coweta Tamplin Turk
Underwood of Bartow
Upshaw
Weems
Williams
COMMITTEE
Moorman Secretary Cason
140
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
Cates
Drinkard
Elder
Fain
Frier
Gross of Dade
Harrison of Jeff Davis
Hogan
Houston
Hudson
Johnson of Jenkins
Jordan
Kelley
Kennedy of Tattnall
Key
Kitchens
Long
McKelvey
Moore
Palmer
Parker
Rutland
Smith M M of Fulton Todd
Underwood of Montgomery Watson
Wilson of Towns
PRIVILEGES AND ELECTIONS COMMITTEE
Adams Chairman Smith of Emanuel ViceChairman
King of Whitfield Secretary Bagby Bodenhamer Callier Flynt
Fowler of Douglas
Groover
Hawkins
Hurst
Kelley
Kennedy of Turner Key
Killian
King of Chattahoochee
Land
Lanier
Lindsey
Lokey
Long
Martin
Mauldin
Parker
Rodgers
Sognier
Stevens of Marion Stripling of Coweta
PRIVILEGES OF THE FLOOR COMMITTEE
Cates Chairman Houston ViceChairman Elder Secretary Campbell Carlisle
Fordham
Foster
Hall
Jessup
Kennedy of Turner
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141
Killian Nilan
King of Pike King of Whitfield Kitchens Lindsey Lokey Love of Catoosa Massee Matheson of Hart Mathis of Lowndes Matthews Moore Palmer Parker Peters Pettey Raulerson Rodgers Short Tanner Underwood of Montgomery Wooten
PUBLIC HIGHWAY COMMITTEE No 1
Wooten Chairman Pickard ViceChairman Gross of Dade Secretary Adams Barber of Colquitt Baughman Birdsong Black Blackburn Blalock Bodenhamer Brown Campbell Callier Carlisle Chambers Chastain Cheek Cloud Cocke Coker of Cherokee Denmark Duncan Edenfield Flynt Foster Frier Garrard Gillis Grimsley Harrison of Wayne Hawkins Hurst Ivey Jones of Lumpkin Jones of Worth Jordan Lowe of Oglethorpe Mallory Massee Mincy Moorman Peacock Potts Rodgers Ruark Sanders Short Singer Sognier
142
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
Souter
Tamplin
Wheeler
Willingham
Wright
PUBLIC HIGHWAY COMMITTEE No 2
ITON Chairman Kelley
ViceChairman Kennedy of Tattnall
fELL Secretary Key
Allen King of Pike
Ayers Kitchens
Bagby Lindsey
Bloodworth Long
Cates Love of Catoosa
Coxwell Mashburn
Davis Mathis of Lowndes
Deen McCracken
Denson Murphey of Crawford
Elder Nightingale
Fain Parker
Fowler of Tift Peters
Freeman Ramsey
Green of Rabun Ray
Greene of Crisp Reed
Hardaway Smith of Evans
Hayes Smith M M of Fulton
Hendrix Truelove
Holley Underwood of Bartow
Hogan Upshaw
Houston Watson
Jessup Williams
Johnson of Jenkins Wilson of Towns
PUBLIC LIBRARY COMMITTEE
Ramsey Chairman Cheek
Bloodworth ViceChairman Cloud
Martin Secretary Cowart
Chambers Coxwell
Chastain Davis
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143
Dozier Hurst
Drinkard King of Pike
Duke Love of Catoosa
Duncan Lowe of Oglethorpe
Elder Lindsey
Eyler Lokey
Fain Moore
Floyd Tamplin
Foster Williams
PUBLIC PRINTING COMMITTEE
I McWhorter Chairman I Palmer ViceChairman I Harris Secretary Chastain Cornelius Drinkard Flynt Fordham Foster Grimsley Gross of Dade Hardaway
Harrell
Hayes
Henderson
Hendrix
Hodges
Holley
Houston
Johnson of Jenkins Moore
Underwood of Montgomery
PUBLIC PROPERTY COMMITTEE
Callier Chairman Mathis of Lowndes ViceChairman Brown Secretary Allen Ayers
Barber of Jackson
Baughman
Bentley
Cornelius
Edenfield
Fain
Fowler of Douglas
Greene of Crisp Hudson
Jones of Lumpkin
King of Pike
Moore
Parker
Ramsey
Ray
Register
Sivell
Smith of Evans Smith M M of Fulton Tamplin
144
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
Tarpley Todd Truelove Underwood of Montgomery Upshaw Weems Willis Wilson of Peach Wilson of Towns
PUBLIC UTILITIES COMMITTEE
Pickard Chairman Mallory ViceChairman Rutland Secretary Bagby Bentley Birdsong Callier Cheatham Clary Denson Duncan Fowler of Tift Frier Gillis Gunter Hardaway Hawkins Hogan Holley Huddleston Kennedy of Tattnall Killian Matthews McWhorter Mincy Mull Musgrove Odom Potts Register Rowland Russell Scoggin Sognier Smith of Evans Smith Hoke of Fulton Strickland of Toombs Tarpley Watson Wilson of Towns Wooten Wright
PUBLIC WELFARE COMMITTEE
Terrell Chairman Boggus ViceChairman Allen Secretary Adams Barber of Jackson Birdsong Blackburn Blalock Bodenhamer BroWn Carlisle Cheatham Cheek Cotton Denson Duncan
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
145
Eyler
Fain
Foster
Goodson
Gross of Stephens
Harrell
Hawkins
Hayes
Jessup
King of Chattahoochee Kennedy of Tattnall Mashburn Matheson of Hart McKenna McWhorter
Murphy of Haralson
Musgrove
Nightingale
Parker
Pelham
Perkins
Phillips of Columbia
Reed
Ruark
Scoggin
Sheffield
Singer
Willis
Wilson of Peach Wooten
RAILROADS COMMITTEE
Holley Chairman Ray ViceChairman Strickland of Toombs Sec Bloodworth Bolton Brannen Brown Caldwell Ivey
Jones of Laurens Jones of Sumter King of Pike King of Whitfield McCracken Moore Moorman
Mull
Peacock
Register
Sanders
Smith of Evans Smith M M of Fulton Sognier
Stripling of Coweta
Tamplin
Tanner
Willis
Wilson of Peach Wooten Wright Young

RULES COMMITTEE Allen
Barber of Jackson Bodenhamer
Mr Speaker Chairman Groover ViceChairman Scoggin Secretary
146
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
Carlisle
Cloud
Coker of Cherokee
Cowart
Denson
Drinkard
Duke
Duncan
Floyd
Flynt
Gilleland
Green of Rabun
Harrison of Wayne
Hawkins
Ivey
Jackson
Kennedy of Turner
Land
Lindsey
Mashburn
Massee
Mincy
McGarity
SANITARIUM AT I
McKelvey Chairman Jordan ViceChairman Hall Secretary Ayers Campbell Davis Fordham Foster
Fowler of Douglas Grimsley Henderson Hodges
Johnson of Gilmer
Murr
Odom
Phillips of Walton
Pickard
Potts
Ramsey
Roughton
Rowland
Rutland
Sanders
Sheffield
Short
Sivell
Smith of Emanuel Smith Hoke of Fulton Souter
Stephens of Clarke
Terrell
Todd
Twitty
Upshaw
Wheeler
Willingham
AND ALTO COMMITTEE
Johnson of Jenkins Jones of Laurens Jones of Sumter Kelley
King of Chattahoochee
King of Pike
Kirig of Whitfield
Killian
Martin
Moore
Murphy of Haralson
Scoggin
Sivell
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
147
Truelove Wilson of Towns
Upshaw Weems Wright
SPECIAL APPROPRIATIONS COMMITTEE
I Barber of Colquitt Chairman 1 Veal ViceChairman I Blackburn Secretary Bloodworth Boggus Caldwell Foster Hogan Holley Hurst Jessup Johnson of Jenkins Jones of Laurens Jones of Worth King of Pike King of Whitfield Kitchens Lam Martin Matthews McGarity Mobley Moore Musgrove Nilan Pettey Phillips of Columbia Potts Raulerson Stripling of Coweta Todd Truelove Turk Upshaw Willis Young
SPECIAL JUDICIARY COMMITTEE
I Hawkins Chairman I Birdsong ViceChairman I Mackay Secretary Black Campbell Cates Cheek Clary Cornelius Cotton Cowart Coxwell Duke Hayes King of Whitfield Smith Hoke of Fulton Smith M M of Fulton Souter Stevens of Marion Tamplin Truelove Turk Underwood of Bartow Underwood of Montgomery Walker
148
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
Watson Willis
Weems Wheeler Williams Wilson of Peach Wilson of Towns
STATE OF THE REPUBLIC COMMITTEE
Drinkard Chairman Sheffield ViceChairman Turk Secretary Allen Barber of Colquitt Barber of Jackson Blalock Baughman Bodenhamer Cheek Coker of Cherokee Coker of Walker Cotton Denmark Denson Duncan Floyd Flynt Fowler of Tift Green of Rabun Groover Harrison of Wayne Hawkins Huddleston Ivey Jackson Kennedy of Turner Land Lindsey Mashburn Massee Matheson of Hart McGarity Mincy Murphey of Crawford Odom Pettey Phillips of Walton Pickard Potts Rodgers Roughton Rowland Russell Scoggin Sivell Souter Stephens of Clarke Terrell Todd Twitty Wheeler Willingham Wilson of Peach
STATE PRISON FARM COMMITTEE
Stevens of Marion Chairman Eyler Secretary Clary ViceChairman Cloud
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
149
Cocke Cotton Davis Deal Denmark Dozier Elder Fain Fordham Fowler of Douglas Freeman Grimsley Gross of Dade Hardaway Jones of Laurens King of Whitfield Kitchens Lanier Moorman Smith of Evans Strickland of Toombs Stripling of Coweta Truelove Turk Wooten
TEMPERANCE COMMITTEE
1 Coker of Walker Chairman I Edenfield ViceChairman I Kennedy of Turner Secretary Baughman Boggus Chastain Cheatham Cocke Coker of Cherokee Cowart Coxwell Denson Groover Holley Huddleston J ackson Jones of Worth King of Chattahoochee McKenna Murphey of Crawford Peacock Phillips of Walton Pickard Ramsey Sheffield Smith H of Fulton Smith M M of Fulton Souter Upshaw Wheeler Willingham
TRAINING SCHOOLS COMMITTEE
I Matheson of Hart Chairman I Duke ViceChairman I Houston Secretary Chastain English Flynt Gilleland Gillis Green of Rabun Greene of Crisp
150
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
Grimsley Hayes
Gross of Dade Lam
Gross of Stephens Land
Hall Massee
Harrell Perkins
Harris Watson
Harrison of Jeff Davis
UNIFORM STATE LAWS COMMITTEE
Bolton Chairman Hall
Bagby ViceChairman Holley
Parker Secretary Jones of Laurens
Bentley Kilgore
Bloodworth King of Pike
Caldwell Lindsey
Cates Lowe of Oglethorpe
Chastain Mallory
Davis McWhorter
Deal Rutland
Deen Smith of Emanuel
Elder Tarpley
English Veal
Gross of Dade Willis
UNIVERSITY SYSTEM OF GEORGIA COMMITTEE
Duncan Chairman Coker of Cherokee
Barber of Jackson Vice Coker of Walker
Chairman Davis
Deen Secretary Duke
Bagby Elder
Birdsong Eyler
Blalock Fain
Bolton Fowler of Douglas
Campbell Fowler of Tift
Cason Freeman
Chambers Gilleland
Cheek Groover
Clary Hardaway
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
151
Hayes Musgrove
Hogan Huddleston Jessup Jones of Lumpkin Kelley Key Killian Lam Land Lavender Lokey Love of Catoosa Lowe of Oglethorpe Mallory Massee Matthews McWhorter Moorman Murphy of Haralson Murr Perkins Reed Register Roughton Rowland Ruark Russell Sheffield Short Smith of Emanuel Smith Hoke of Fulton Smith M M of Fulton Stephens of Clarke Stripling of Coweta Tamplin Walker Williams Wilson of Peach Young
VETERAN AFFAIRS COMMITTEE
Floyd Chairman Perkins ViceChairman Peters Secretary Bagby Bolton Campbell Cason Clary Cloud Cotton Deen Denson Dozier Duke Edenfield Elder English Eyler Foster Hayes Lanier Lavender Lokey Matheson of Hart McKenna Nilan Nightirfgale Roughton Scoggin Short Stevens of Marion Strickland of Toombs
152
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
Stripling of Coweta Wooten Wright
WAYS AND MEANS COMMITTEE
Blalock Chairman Massee
Lokey ViceChairman Musgrove
Key Secretary Nilan
Baughman Odom
Blackburn Peacock
Chastain Perkins
Cheatham Pickard
Cloud Potts
Coker of Walker Ramsey
Cornelius Ray
Cotton Rowland
Cowart Rutland
Floyd Sanders
Flynt Scoggin
Fowler of Douglas Short
Fowler of Tift Smith of Emanuel
Frier Souter
Garrard Stephens of Clarke
Green of Rabun Stevens of Marion
Grimsley Stripling of Coweta
Harrell Tamplin
Hogan Turk
Ivey Twitty
Jackson Underwood of Bartow
Jones of Lumpkin Wheeler
Kennedy of Turner Willingham
Land Wilson of Peach
Lindsey Mallory k Wright
WESTERN AND ATLANTIC RAILROAD COMMITTEE
Underwood of Bartow Fowler of Tift Secretary
Chairman Bagby
Ruark ViceChairman Bentley
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
153
Boggus
Campbell
Cocke
Coker of Walker
Coxwell
Davis
Denmark
Elder
Floyd
Fowler of Douglas Frier
Gross of Stephens Houston
Johnson of Jenkins Jones of Sumter
King of Whitfield
Mallory
Mashburn
Mull
Palmer
Perkins
Reed
Rodgers
Roughton
Singer
Walker
Weems
Williams
Wilson of Towns
Wright
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
THE SPEAKER
Rule 1 The Speaker shall in his discretion suspend irrelevant debate and command silence whenever he may deem it needful
Rule 2 In all cases of election by the House the Speaker shall vote In other cases he shall not vote unless the House be equally divided or unless his vote if given to the minority will make the division equal and in case of such equal division the question shall be lost But in all cases where a fixed constitutional vote is required to pass the bill or measure under consideration and said bill or measure shall lack only one vote to pass the same the Speaker shall vote and his vote so cast shall be counted the same as that of any other member
Rule 3 When two or more members shall rise at the same time the Speaker shall name the person entitled to proceed
Rules 4 All committees shall be appointed by the Speaker unless otherwise ordered by the House
Rule 5 The method of stating a question or any motion by the Speaker after the same has been read to the House by the Clerk shall be as follows All in favor of the motion will say Aye Those opposed will say No And when a decision may seem doubtful to the Speaker or a division of the House is called for by any one member of the House the Speaker shall call upon the members in favor of the motion to rise and after a count is had by the clerk he shall call upon the members to reverse their positions and the Speaker shall announce the result
Discretion of Speaker
When Speaker shall vote
Right of member to the floor to be decided by the Speaker
Appointment of Committees
Methods of stating a question by Speaker
158
Speaker may name members to preside
Duty of Clerk when Speaker is absent
Appeals from ruling of the Speaker
When no debate on appeals
Appeals to be made at once
When members may address the House
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
Rule 6 The Speaker may during a days sitting name any member to perform the duties of the Chair during any part of that sitting but no longer
Rule 7 Whenever from any cause the Speaker shall be absent the Speaker pro tempore shall preside and if both shall be absent the Clerk of the House shall call the House to Order and shall preside until a Speaker pro tempore shall be elected which said election shall be the first business of the House The Speaker pro tempore thus elected shall preside until the return of one of the first named officers when his functions shall cease
Rule 8 Should any member of the House be dissatisfied with the ruling of the Speaker on any point he shall rise and respectfully address the Speaker and say I appeal from the decision of the Chair The Speaker will then state to the House the point ruled on and his decision on it and shall then put the question of appeal to the House as follows All in favor of the decision of the Chair standing as the sense of this House will say Aye Those opposed will say No and the decision of the House in sustaining or overruling the Speaker shall be final
Rule 9 On all appeals on questions of order of a personal character there shall be no debate
Rule 10 All appeals from the decision of the Chair shall be made immediately and no appeal shall be in order after other business has intervened from the time tf the alleged error of the Chair and before said appeal is sought to be made
Rule 11 Where debate is permissible on appeals from the decision of the Chair any member after being recognized by the Speaker may address his remarks directly to the House
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I s
t
I 1 I
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1
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LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
159
Rule 12 The Speaker shall have power to susI pend the Messenger and Doorkeepers for misconI duct or neglect of duty and when such suspenI sion has been made he shall report the same to I the House within twentyfour hours thereafter I for such action as the House may see fit to take I in the premises
Rule 13 The Speaker shall have power to I cause the galleries and lobbies of the House clearI ed by the Messenger and Doorkeepers in case of I disturbance or disorderly conduct therein and to I cause any person or persons so offending to be I arrested and brought before the bar of the House I to be dealt with for contempt of the House
Rule 14 When less than a quorum vote on I any subject under consideration by the House I the Speaker may order the bar of the House to I be closed and the roll of members called by the I Clerk and if it is ascertained that a quorum is I present either by answering to their names or I by their presence in the House and if any memI ber present then refuses to vote unless excused I such refusal shall be deemed a contempt of the I House
Rule 15 The Speaker may at any time order I the roll called on any question and take the I vote by yeas and nays where a division of the I House discloses the fact that a quorum of the I House has not voted
Rule 16 All questions as to the priority of I business to be acted on shall be decided by the I Speaker without debate
ON DECORUM AND DEBATE
Rule 17 When any member is about to speak I in debate or deliver any matter to the House he I shall rise and respectfully address himself to
Power of Speaker to suspend subordinate officers
When Speaker may order galleries and lobbies cleared
No quorum voting duty of Speaker
When Speaker may order vote taken by yeas and nays
Decisions on questions of priority
Conduct of members in debate
160
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL

Time
extended
how
Expulsion
Exception to words spoken Proviso
Mr Speaker He shall be confined to matter I in debate shall not speak more than twice on any I subject or more than once until every member I choosing to speak shall have spoken
No member of the House shall occupy the floor I longer than one 1 hour in debating any ques I tion unless otherwise ordered by the House and I any motion to limit or extend the time of indi I vidual speeches shall be decided without debate I No such motion shall prevail unless it shall re I ceive the affirmative votes of twothirds of those I voting Such motion may be made at any time I that the movant thereof may legitimately obtain I the floor
If any member in speaking or otherwise trans I gress the rules of the House the Speaker shall I call him to order in which case the member so I called to order shall immediately sit down unless permitted to explain The House shall if appealed to decide and if the decision of the House I be not submitted to the delinquent for the first offense shall be reproved for the second fined in a sum not exceeding ten dollars and continuing refractory may be expelled from the House by a twothirds vote of the members which said vote shall be taken by yeas and nays and recorded on the Journal of the House
Rule 18 If any member be called to order for words spoken the words excepted to shall be taken down in writing by the Clerk and read then admitted denied or explained by the member who spoke and thereupon the question of order shall be decided and such other proceedings had I as the House may deem proper in regard thereto Provided that if at any time the House is acting under the previous question such question of order and other proceedings referred to shall not be taken up for decision until after the previous question and the main questions have been
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
161
exhausted or until such further time as may then be ordered by the House But no member shall be held to answer or be subject to the censure of the House for words spoken in debate if any other member has spoken or other business has intervened after the words were spoken and before the exception to them was taken
Rule 19 The members of the House shall forbear from private conversation and preserve silence until a speaking member shall have taken his seat
Rule 20 The members shall avoid naming each other when they may have occasion to take notice of their observations but may designate them by the place in which they may be or the county they represent
Rule 21 No member shall address the House except as heretofore stated in case of appeals or interrogate a member who is speaking except through the Speaker and should the member speaking decline to be interrupted the Speaker shall cause the member desiring to interrogate to be silent
Rule 22 No member shall vote upon any question in the result of which he is immediately and particularly interested In every case where the seat of a member is being contested the sitting member and the contestant shall both retire from the House before the vote is taken
Rule 23 Any member may enter a protest in writing against the action of the House said protest shall clearly and succinctly set forth the grounds of such protest and shall not be argumentative nor arraign nor impugn the motive of the House nor any member thereof and such protest shall be entered by the Clerk upon the Journal of the House
Silence
Mode of
designating
members
House how addressed Questions and interruptions
Shall not vote when interested in result
Protests
162
Smoking and conversation prohibited
Duty while member is speaking and at adjournment
Matters transpiring in Senate Committees and private conversation not to be referred to
Laudatory and disparaging remarks when forbidden
Applause and hisses forbidden
No debate during yeas and nays
Only one motion can be made at a time
Explanation
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
Rule 24 No member shall converse with any one over the bar of the House
Rule 25 No member shall be permitted to enter upon the floor of the House or remain thereon in an intoxicated condition and the Messenger and the Doorkeepers of the House are specially charged with the rigid enforcement of this rule
Rule 26 No member shall pass between the Chair and a member while he is speaking nor shall any member at the time of adjournment leave his seat until the Speaker retires
Rule 27 No member shall in debate refer to any private conversation had with another member or to any matters which have transpired in any committee or in the Senate
Rule 28 In nominating candidates for any office no laudatory remarks shall be allowed nor shall any other candidate be disparaged
Rule 29 Applause or hisses in the Representative chamber or in the galleries or lobby during any speech or legislative proceedings shall be promptly suppressed
Rule 30 During the calling or reading of yeas and nays on any question no debate shall be had
Rule 31 No member can make more than one motion at a time and while the motion is being put to the House he must resume his seat and he is not further entitled to the floor unless again recognized by the Speaker
Rule 32 On all questions except such as are not debatable any member on the call of the ayes and nays shall as a matter of right be allowed three minutes in which to explain his
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163
vote Where the vote on any question is not taken by ayes and nays no member shall be allowed to explain except by unanimous consent of the House No motion shall be entertained to vary this rule nor to extend a members time for explaining
Rule 33 When the reading of any paper is called for and the same is objected to by any member it shall be determined by a vote of the House and this motion shall be decided without debate
Rule 34 Every member within the hall when a question is put shall vote unless he is immediately and particularly interested therein or the House shall excuse him A motion to excuse a member from voting must be made before the House divides or before the call of the yeas and nays is commenced and it shall be decided without debate except that the member making the motion may briefly state the reason why in his opinion it ought to prevail
Rule 35 No member shall be allowed to address himself to any question and then make any motion the effect of which is to cut off debate without relinquishing the floor
DIVISION OF A QUESTION
Rule 36 Any member may call for a division of the question on a subject in which the sense thereof will admit of it
Rule 37 The member calling for a division must state into how many and definitely what parts he would have the question divided Each part of the divided proposition must be so distinct that if taken away the remainder can stand by itself and be consistent and entire
Reading of papers
When members shall vote
Motion to excuse when made Excuses from voting
Call for a division
Division how made
164
Qualifying paragraph exception and provision
Strike out and insert not divisible
Bills and resolutions called in order Proviso
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
Rule 38 A qualifying paragraph an exception or a proviso if taken from that to which it belongs would not contain a distinct or entire proposition
Rule 39 A motion to strike out and insert is an indivisible proposition
Rule 40 All bills and resolutions shall be called in the numerical order in which they stand on the calendar and before reading any bill or resolution the second or third time the Clerk shall distinctly state its number and the name of the member by whom introduced provided that House and Senate bills and resolutions adversely reported shall not be taken up for a second reading except by request of the authors of such bill or resolution or some member of the House provided that the General Tax Bill and the General Appropriation Bill shall take precedence on third reading over all other matters even Special Orders until the said Bills shall have been finally disposed of In order that the proper numerical order may be accurately and fairly determined as between bills and resolutions it shall be the duty of the Clerk to place on each bill and resolution as same is read the first time a number following the numercial order in which said bills and resolutions are read the first time adopting one series of numbers and the same series of numbers for both bills and resolutions and not a separate series of number as heretofore practiced
Rule 41 Every motion to suspend the rules for the purpose of taking up bills or resolutions out of their regular order and every motion to make special orders shall be submitted in writing and reported upon by the Committee on Rules before being submitted to the House
Rule 42 The Speaker shall not recognize any
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165
member at any time for the purpose of asking unanimous consent for the introduction of new matter nor to read any bill or resolution the second time or any local bill or resolution a third time or to put any local bill or resolution upon its passage or to recommit a bill or resolution or to withdraw from one committee and recommit to another a bill or resolution except during the first thirty minutes after the confirmation of the Journal or after the reading of the Journal has been dispensed with The Speaker shall not recognize any member at any time for the purpose of asking unanimous consent to put any general bill or resolution upon its passage or to read such bill or resolution second time and recommit Hie Speaker shall entertain but one unanimous consent at any time
The Speaker shall not recognize any member at any time for the purpose of asking unanimous consent to make a special order or to change the order of business except that by unanimous consent an order of business may be fixed for the period of Unanimous Consents
The Speaker shall not recognize any member at any time for the purpose of asking unanimous consent to cast his vote on any motion resolution amendment bill or other question nor shall any member be permitted to cast his vote on any motion resolution amendment bill or other question until the question is put to the House by the Speaker on viva voce vote or division of the House or until after the roll call has begun
The Speaker shall entertain but one unanimous consent at any one time
Rule 43 The Rules of this House known as Constitutional rules shall in no case be suspended all other rules shall in no case be suspended
Effect of
unanimous
consent
Suspension of rules
166
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
No debate
Bills etc when introduced
nor changed nor the order of business be changed except by a vote of twothirds of the members voting Provided however that in order to so change or suspend the rules or change the order of business said twothirds so voting in favor of said change or suspension shall constitute a majority of the members of the whole House
Rule 44 No suspension or changes or addition to these rules shall be made unless such proposed change or addition or suspension of these rules be first referred to the Committee on Rules and reported back to the House Provided however that immediately after the confirmation of the Journal on the day following the introduction in the House of the proposed change or addition to these rules the Committee on Rules shall report the same back to the House A failure to so report such proposed change or addition to these rules for two days shall automatically bring said proposed change or addition before the House for consideration
Rule 45 Any motion to suspend rules or change the rules or change the order of business shall be decided without debate Provided however that whenever a report from the Committee on Rules is submitted to the House the questions arising on said report shall be debatable until the report of the Committee is agreed to or disagreed to or the main question is ordered There shall be no debate however on the report of the Committee on Rules during the last twentyone days of the session
Rule 46 No bill and no resolution requiring the concurring vote of the Senate for passage shall be introduced unless the same shall have been filed in the office of the Clerk before 1000 A M of the previous day except that a bill or such resolution may be introduced on the second
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day of any regular adjourned or special session if it shall have been filed in the office of the Clerk before 1200 noon of the first day of such session
a The Clerk of the House is hereby directed to introduce in the name of the author or authors in the numerical order in which they stand all general bills and resolutions remaining on the General Calendar at the completion of business on Friday February 18 1955 which have been favorably reported by a Committee of the House provided a written request to said Clerk is made by the author or authors or one of them within ten days after the adjournment of the regular session of 1955
It is further provided that said bills when so introduced will be read the first time on the first day of the regular session beginning on the second Monday in January 1956 and that said bills shall be considered as favorably reported on the second day of said session without further committee action and read the second time on the second day of said session after which they will be placed on the General Calendar for consideration on the third and succeeding days unless recommitted
b All Resolutions providing for payment of damages or claims to injured persons or corporations on the General Calendar at close of business on February 18 1955 or in the Committee on such date shall likewise be introduced by the Clerk under the same conditions outlined above Damage or compensation claims reported unfavorably by the Committee to which referred shall not be covered by this amendment to the Rules
c In order to facilitate the introduction and consideration of Bills and Resolutions by the House the Clerk of the House is hereby directed to staff the Clerks office seven 7 days before the convening of the regular 1956 session of the General Assembly in order that Members of the
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No debate on first reading
House may file copies of proposed legislation with the Clerk for introduction and first reading on the first day of said session The Clerk is directed to print sufficient copies of said legislation for distribution to the members The filing time specified in Rule 46 shall not apply in this instance but after the convening of said session Rule 46 shall apply
The Clerk is authorized to employ and compensate the staff of the Clerks office for the seven days in the same manner and under the same conditions as now provided under H R No 3 adopted at the beginning of the 1955 session
d The above amendments shall not apply to Senate Bills and Resolutions
e The above amendments shall remain in force and effect only for the time specified in the 1956 regular session and thereafter shall automatically be repealed
Rule 47 No debate shall be admitted upon any Bill at the first reading Upon the introduction of any Bill or Resolution or other matter requiring reference to a Committee the Speaker shall as a matter of course and without debate commit the same to the proper committee unless otherwise ordered by the House
No bill or resolution shall be engrossed except upon the affirmative vote of twothirds of the members present No member shall be recognized at any time for the purpose of asking unanimous consent to engross a bill or resolution When a motion to engross is made which motion may be made upon reading the bill the first time and at no other time no debate shall be permitted except that the movant may speak to his motion not longer than five minutes and any one other member of the House may speak in opposition thereto for five minutes In case of engrossment of any bill or other matter the entry thereof shall be made by the Clerk and the
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Bill or other matter shall not be amendable thereafter unless subsequently committed In cases where the report of a committee is favorable to the passage of a bill the same shall be read a second time and passed to a third reading without question Where the report of a committee is adverse to the passage of a bill on the second reading thereof the question shall be on agreeing to the report of the committee If the report of the committee is agreed to the bill shall be lost If the report of the committee is disagreed to the bill shall be passed to a third reading unless recommitted Any bill may be withdrawn at any stage thereof by consent of the House
When motion is made to refer a bill or resolution to a committee other than the one to which it is referred by the Speaker even though instructions be added no debate shall be permitted except that movant may speak to his motion not longer than five minutes and any one other member of the House may speak in opposition thereto for five minutes No debate shall be permitted unless instructions are added
All resolutions providing for appointment of committees of inquiry or investigation and any and all other resolutions not privileged except motions for information from the Executive Department and any other Department of the State Government shall be referred by the Speaker to the appropriate committee unless by order of the House referred to some other committee
Rule 48 No bill or resolution shall be transmitted to the Senate on the day of the passage thereof unless twothirds of the members present shall so order
Rule 49 The Clerk shall as soon as possible after any bill or resolution of General application is filed in his office cause the same to be printed and a copy thereof distributed to each member
Effect of favorable report of committee
Bills when withdrawn
Adverse
report of
committee
Transmission
to Senate
majority
vote
Bills when printed
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Com mittee of the Whole House See Rule 106 et al
Bills and Resolutions to be in writing How indorsed
Reports of committees order of action
forthwith Whenever any such bill or resolution of general application shall be reported back by the committee to which it was referred with the recommendation that it do pass as amended the Clerk shall cause the amendments recommended to be printed and copies thereof to be distributed to each member The House may at any time by a vote of a majority of a quorum suspend action upon any pending bill or resolution of general application until the substitutes and amendments offered thereto have been printed
Rule 50 All proceedings touching the appropriating of money shall be considered in the Committee of the Whole House
Rule 51 All bills and resolutions shall be in writing and shall have the name of the member introducing the same as well as the county he represents indorsed on the back of the same and in the case of bills the caption of the bill shall also be indorsed on the same
Rule 52 Where a bill or resolution has been referred and reported by more than one committee or has been reported on and recommitted to the same committee the last committee report shall be acted on by the House and in all cases the report of the Committee of he Whole House shall be first acted on by the House
Rule 53 The Committee on Rules during the last twentyone days of each session shall arrange a calendar for each days business and such calendar shall be a standing and continuing Special Order during said period and no matter shall be taken up or acted on otherwise than in the order fixed by such calendar except by a vote of a majority of all of the members elected to the House During the period of operation under this rule the calendar or order of business fixed by committee on rules shall be read
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by the clerk immediately after Confirmation of the Journal of each morning session and immediately after Call of the Roll of each afternoon session and any motion to amend such report either by striking inserting or changing the order shall be made within the first thirty minutes after the reading of such report After the reading of such report and announcement by the Speaker that it is in order for such motions to be made and no such motions being made the House shall proceed to business under the calendar so fixed after which no such motion shall be made during that session No such motion to amend the report of the Committee on Rules shall be debatable during the period of operation under this Rule
PRECEDENCE OF MOTIONS
Rule 54 When any subject is before the House for consideration or under debate no motion shall be received except the following towit
1st Motion to adjourn
2nd A motion to lay on table
3rd A motion for the previous question
4th A motion to adjourn to a time definite
5th A motion to postpone indefinitely
6th A motion to postpone to a day certain
7th A motion to commit
8th A motion to amend
9th A motion to print
Which said motions shall have precedence in the order in which they stand as above arranged
MOTION TO ADJOURN
Rule 55 A motion to adjourn is in no instance debatable nor shall said motion be made a second time until further progress has been made in the
Order of precedence
Not debatable when may be renewed When made
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When made debatable business before the House A motion to adjourn in its simple form shall not be amended Rule 56 A motion to adjourn to a particular day or for a particular time if made when the House is not actually engaged in other business is debatable Rule 57 The motion to adjourn can be made at any time when the member moving it can legitimately obtain the floor
When not in order Rule 58 A motion to adjourn may be made after the motion for the previous question has been sustained but when the House has voted that the main question shall be now put no motion to adjourn is in order nor shall any motion to adjourn be in order after the Clerk has called the first name of the yeas and nays and a vote of one member has been given or after a division of the House has been had on a vote and the vote is in process of being counted and announced but in such cases the rollcall shall be completed the vote counted and the result finally announced before a motion to adjourn shall be in order
Effect of adjournment Rule 59 When a motion to adjourn in its simple form prevails it adjourns the House to the next sitting day or time in course
Hour of adjournment What business postponed Rule 60 Whenever the hour of adjournment as fixed by a prior resolution shall arrive while the vote of the House is being taken by yeas and nays the session shall continue until the final vote is taken and announced and if said fixed hour of adjournment shall arrive while the House is acting on the main question after the main question has been ordered and before the vote on the main question is being taken either by a division or by the yeas and nays as aforesaid the House shall stand adjourned by virtue of said prior resolution
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MOTIONS TO LAY ON TABLE
Rule 61 No motion to lay an amendment or substitute on the table shall be in order
Rule 62 A majority of a quorum voting may take from the table at any time when the House is not engaged on any other measure any bill resolution or other paper which has been ordered to lie on the table and when so taken up the same is thereby restored to its appropriate place on the calendar
Rule 63 If the motion to lay on the table prevails it removes from the consideration of the House the measure together with all the motions attached to it at the time it is so disposed of
Rule 64 When the proposition is again taken from the table it stands before the House in the exact form with all the motions pertaining to it just as it did at the time the motion to lay on the table prevailed
Rule 65 After a yea and nay vote is called on any bill or resolutionthe House not acting at the time under the previous questionand one vote has been recorded no motion to table shall be in order until the rollcall shall have been completed When any bill or resolution is tabled after the completion of the rollcall and then taken from the table nothing can be done except to announce the result of said vote as shown by said rollcall at the time said bill or resolution was tabled
Rule 66 A motion to lay on the table or to take from the table can be renewed from time to time when new business has intervened between the votes
Rule 67 Neither the motion to lay on the
Amendment or substitute cannot be laid on table
How Matters may be taken from table
Effect of vote to table
Effect of vote to take from table
No motion to table in order until rollcall is completed
When
renewed
Not debatable or amendable
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What can be tabled table nor the motion to take from the table is debatable or amendable Rule 68 Nothing can be legitimately laid on the table excepting what can be taken up again
When in order Rule 69 A motion to lay on the table may be made after the motion for the previous question has been sustained but when the House has voted on the main question shall be now put no motion to lay on the table is in order
Effect of previous question THE MOTION FOR THE PREVIOUS QUESTION Rule 70 The motion for the previous question shall be decided without debate and shall take precedence of all other motions except a motion to adjourn or to lay on the table but neither of said motions shall be made but once until after the previous question has been exhausted and when it is moved the question shall be Shall the motion for the previous question be sustained If this be decided by a majority of a quorum in the affirmative and the next question towit Shall the main question be now put is decided in the affirmative by a majority of a quorum all other motions except one to reconsider the action in ordering the main question will be out of order and the House cannot adjourn until the previous question is exhausted or the regular hour of adjournment arrives But no motion to reconsider the action of the House in ordering the main question shall be in order after the Clerk has called the first name on call of the ayes and nays and the vote of any member has been given or after a division of the House has been had on the vote and the vote is in process of being counted and announced in such cases the roll call shall be completed the vote counted and the result finally announced
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Rule 71 When the previous question has been ordered the House shall then proceed to act on the main question without debate except that before the main question is put twenty minutes shall be allowed to the committee whose report of the bill or other measure is under consideration to close the debate Where the report of the committee is adverse to the passage of the bill or other measure the introducer of the bill shall be allowed twenty minutes before time allowed to the committee for closing the debate The Chairman of the committee or the introducer of the bill or other measure may yield the floor to such members as he maj indicate for the time or any part of it allowed under this rule This rule shall not be construed to allow the twenty minutes above referred to to be used but once on any bill or measure and then on the final passage of the bill or measure
Rule 72 After the main question is ordered any member may call for a division of the House in taking the vote or may call for the yeas and nays if the call for the yeas and nays is sustained by onefifth of the members voting the vote shall be taken by the yeas and nays and so entered on the Journal
Rule 73 The effect of the order that the main question be now put is to bring the House to a vote on pending questions in the order in which they stood before it was moved
Rule 74 In all cases where a minority report has been submitted on any question if the previous question is ordered there shall be twenty minutes allowed to the member whose name is first signed to said minority report or to such member or members as he may indicate for the
Twenty
minutes
debate
allowed
Vote how taken
Effect of main question being ordered
Contested
Election
176 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL time so allowed or any part of it before the twenty minutes allowed to the Chairman submitting the majority report
How Called and Ordered Rule 75 The previous question may be called and ordered upon a single motion or an amendment or it may be made to embrace all authorized motions or amendments and include the entire bill to its passage or rejection
Call of the House when in order Rule 76 A call of the House shall not be in order after the previous question is ordered unless it shall appear upon an actual count by the Speaker that a quorum is not present
Question of order Rule 77 All incidental questions of order arising after a motion is made for the previous question and pending such motion shall be decided whether on appeal or otherwise without debate
Effect MOTIONS TO INDEFINITELY POSTPONE Rule 78 When a bill resolution or other measure is under consideration on the final reading thereof motion to indefinitely postpone if decided in the affirmative by a majority of a quorum thereby disposes of said bill resolution or other measure for the session
Not amendable Rule 79 The motion to indefinitely postpone lays open the whole question for debate but it cannot be amended
When cannot be applied Rule 80 While the motion to indefinitely postpone takes precedence over a motion to postpone to a day certain or to commit or amend yet
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this motion cannot be applied to said motions nor can it be applied to incidental questions such as questions of order reading of papers withdrawal of a motion and suspension of a rule
Rule 81 No motion to indefinitely postpone shall be renewed on any bill resolution or other measure after the same has been voted down
MOTION TO POSTPONE TO A DAY CERTAIN
Rule 82 The motion to postpone a bill resolution or other measure to a day certain when decided in the affirmative by a majority of a quorum removes the subject from before the House until the time designated and makes it a privileged question for that day so selected
Rule 83 If the motion to postpone a bill a resolution or other measure is decided in the negative it leaves the question before the House as it was before the motion was made and it cannot be moved a second time on same day or at the same stage of the proceeding
Rule 84 This motion to postpone to a day certain may be amended by substituting one day for another In this case the time would be treated as a blank and the Speaker should treat these propositions as he would those to fill blanks
Rule 85 If a day designated is known to be beyond the session the Speaker shall treat the motion as though it had been a motion to indefinitely postpone the subject
Rule 86 On a motion to postpone to a day certain it is not in order to debate the merits of
Not renewed
Effect of
negative
vote
May be amended
To a day beyond the session
Debate when and how allowed
178 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL the question proposed to be postponed Debate may be allowed but it shall be confined strictly to the proposition to postpone and to show why one day is preferred to another It shall be the duty of the Speaker to hold members rigidly to these points
Motion how applied Rule 87 This motion cannot be applied to subordinate or incidental questions but must be applied to the whole bill resolution or other measure before the House and when it prevails it carries forward the whole proposition and its appendages to the day named
Motion to commit MOTIONS TO COMMIT Rule 88 Motions to commit may be made to refer a bill resolution or other measure to a standing or special committee or committee of the whole House
Precedence of Rule 89 A motion to commit to a standing committee takes precedence over a motion to commit to a special committee and shall be first voted on but where a motion is made that a bill resolution or other measure be committed to the committee of the whole House this motion shall be put before either of the above named motions
When debatable Rule 90 On a motion simply to commit no debate shall be allowed but where instructions are added the merits of the question can be debated
How amended Rule 91 A motion to commit may be amended by adding instructions or by substituting another committee for the one named by the member making the motion
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Rule 92 Any proposition that has been referred to any committee either standing or special may on motion be recommitted to the same or any other committee by a majority of a quorum
MOTIONS TO AMEND
Rule 93 There are three ways in which a proposition may be amended towit
1st By inserting or adding words
2nd By striking out words
3rd By striking out and inserting words
An amendment is itself subject to be amended in all three of the ways above mentioned but it is not admissible to amend an amendment to an amendment
Rule 94 A substitute is simply an amendment it is in effect a motion to strike out all after the enacting clause of a bill or the word Resolved in a resolution and insert that offered as a substitute
Rule 95 When a bill or resolution is before the House for consideration and amendments are pending thereto and a substitute shall be offered for said bill or resolution and an amendment shall be offered to said substitute it shall be in order for the House to first perfect the original bill or resolution and then perfect the substitute The question shall then be on agreeing to the substitute as amended if it be amended and if decided in the affirmative the question shailbe Shall this bill pass or resolution be adopted as the case may be by substitute
Rule 96 An amendment cannot be offered after the report of the committee to which was
Motion to recommit
Amendments how made
Substitute
Bill first perfected then the substitute
When too late to amend
180 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
Must be in writing referred the bill or resolution under consideration has been agreed to by the House unless said action of the House in so agreeing to said report of said committee shall first be reconsidered Rule 97 All motions to amend any matter before the House must be in writing and must plainly and distinctly set forth the amendment desired and the part of the bill or resolution where said amendment shall be inserted or added
Priority Rule 98 On all questions whether in committee or in the House the last amendment the most distant day and the largest sum shall be first put
Blanks Rule 99 Where blanks occur in any proposition they must be filled first before any motion is made to amend
Caption when amended Rule 100 The caption or preamble of a bill or resolution shall not be considered or amended until the measure has been perfected
Amending by sections Rule 101 When a proposition consisting of several sections or resolutions is on a final reading and the House shall agree to a motion to consider the same by sections or paragraphs the Clerk in reading the same shall pause at the end of each section or resolution and the amendments thereto shall be offered as the several sections or resolutions are read but the amendments offered by the committee to whom said bill or resolution was referred shall be read by the Clerk without any motion being made in the House and when a section or resolution shall have been considered it is not in order to recur and amend it
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Rule 102 No motion on a subject different I from that under consideration shall be admitted I under color of amendment
Rule 103 When a motion is made to amend I by striking out and inserting the Clerk shall read I the paragraph as it is then the words to be I stricken out and finally the whole paragraph as I it would be if amendea
Rule 104 When a motion is made to amend I by striking out a part of a bill or resolution any I amendment offered to perfect the part proposed I to be stricken shall be put first before the quesI tion is put for striking it out
Rule 105 When any bill or resolution which I originated in the House has been amended in I the Senate and is before the House for action on I the Senate amendment an amendment may be I offered in the House to the Senate amendment I but the House amendment to the Senate amendI ment cannot be further amended it must be I agreed to or voted down
Rule 106 A motion to amend an amendment I made by the Senate to the House bill or resoluI tion takes precedence over a motion to agree to I disagree to said amendment
Rule 107 The questions which arise before I the House respecting amendments by the Senate I to a House bill or resolution are
1st A motion to agree to the Senate amendI ment
2nd A motion to disagree to the Senate I amendment
Amendments by striking out and inserting
Priority of amendment to perfect
Amending
Senate
Amendments
See Rule 125
Priority
Priority of questions on Senate amendments
182 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
3rd A motion to recede from its disagreement or amendment
4th A motion to insist on its disagreement or amendment
5th A motion to adhere to its disagreement or amendment
They take precedence in the above order
The Speaker is authorized on his own motion or upon point or order being made when in his opinion a Senate Amendment to a House Bill is not germane or if adopted would render the bill unconstitutional to rule out such amendment the effect of which ruling of the Speaker if not appealed from or if appealed from and the appeal not sustained shall be the same as a vote of the House to disagree and as such the Clerk shall report it to the Senate Such point of order shall take precedence over a motion to agree
Provided that when any question of disagreement with the Senate arises the following motions shall be in order at any time the movant can legally obtain the floor and debate thereon limited as in the case of reconsideration 1st a motion to insist upon the House position 2nd a motion to recede from the House position which motions shall be put in order listed subject to disposition by the House of any amendments or substitutes affecting the matter in disagreement
Majority necessary to adopt Senate Amendment or Conference Committee Report
Rule 107A In order to adopt a Senate Amendment to a House bill or resolution and in order to adopt a report of a conference committee the said amendment or conference committee report must receive a majority vote of the
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I entire membership elected to the House of RepI resentatives Any rule contravening the letter or I spirit of this Rule is hereby repealed
I RECONSIDERATION
Rule 108 When the Journal of the preceding day shall be read it shall be in the power of any I member whether said member previously voted I in the affirmative or negative on the matter I sought to be reconsidered to move for a reconI sideration of any matter therein contained exI cept such matter as has been previously reconIsidered provided such member shall notify the I House of his intention to move such reconsiderI ation at any time before the Journal is confirmI ed Provided further that the action of the I House on Senate amendments shall be in order I for reconsideration immediately and not otherI wise
Rule 109 The notice of a motion to reconI sider shall not be withdrawn after the time has I elapsed within which it might originally have I been made
Rule 110 No matter shall be reconsidered I more than once
Rule 111 Motions for reconsideration shall I be in order immediately after the order of unaniI mous consent on the day succeeding the action I sought to be reconsidered except that any matI ter which could not be reconsidered on the sucI ceeding day shall be in order for reconsideration I on the day of said action
Rule 112 The action of the House upon an I amendment may be reconsidered at any time be
Motion to reeonsider
Shall not be
withdrawn
when
When there may be one reconsideration
When In order
Amendments
when
reconsidered
184 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL fore final action upon the section bill or resolution to which it relates
Place of calendar Rule 113 All bills reconsidered shall take their place at the foot of the calendar of bills then in order for a third reading
When ordered by Speaker COMMITTEE ON THE WHOLE HOUSE Rule 114 The Speaker may resolve the House into a Committee of the Whole without a motion being made therefor whenever a bill or resolution shall be in order for consideration on its
See Rule 43 third reading before the House which is required by the rules of this House to be considered in the Committee of the Whole
When ordered by the House Rule 115 The House may resolve itself into a Committee of the Whole House by a majority of a quorum voting on motion of a member made for that purpose provided however that notice of intention to make such motion shall be given during the session of the preceding day individual speeches on such motion being limited to three minutes If such notice shall not have been given the motion shall prevail if it shall receive the affirmative votes of twothirds of those voting and which twothird shall also constitute a majority of all of the members elected to the House and provided further whenever the House either by its own vote or by unanimous consent shall commit any bill or resolution to Committee of the Whole House and subsequently a motion shall be made to resolve the House into Committee of the Whole to consider such bill or resolution and such motion shall be lost the said motion shall not be again renewed but it shall be the duty of the Speaker to require the
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Clerk to read the bill or resolution again on the following days sesson under the order of Introduction of New Matter or Reading of Bills the First Time and to refer such bill or resolution to the appropriate committee unless otherwise ordered by the House provided however that for the consideration of the General Tax Bill and General Appropriation Bill the House may resolve itself into a Committee of the Whole House by a majority of a quorum voting on motion of a member made for that purpose and no previous notice shall be necessary
Rule 116 In forming a Committee of the I Whole House the Speaker shall leave the chair land a Chairman to preside in committee shall be I appointed by the Speaker
I Rule 117 In the Committee of the Whole I bills shall be first read throughout by the Clerk I and then again be read or debated by clauses or sections leaving the preamble to be last considered unless otherwise ordered
Rule 118 The Rules of the House shall be obI served by the Committee of the Whole so far I as they may be applicable except that it can not
refer a matter to any other committee it can
not adjourn the previous question can not be
enforced a motion to lay on the table or indefinitely postpone shall not be in order a member
may speak as often as he may obtain the floor
In no call of the House shall be in order nor shall any vote be taken by yeas and nays
Rule 119 If at any time in the Committee of I the Whole it shall be desired to close the debate I or to limit the time to be allowed members for speaking the committee may rise and report its
How formed
Proceedings
Rule in committee
Debate how closed
186 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL desire to the House and the House shall take such action thereon as it may see fit by a resolution agreed for that purpose said resolution shall apply only to the subjectmatter before said committee and when said resolution has been agreed to or refused by the House the action of the House shall be deemed the sense of the committee and the House may then on motion again resolve itself into Committee of the Whole and continue the consideration of the subject
Time of how extended Rule 120 In the event that a Committee of the Whole House at any sitting shall for want of time fail to complete any matter under consideration it may on motion at any time in the committee made rise report progress and have leave to sit again generally or at a day certain
Motion to rise etc Rule 121 A motion that the committee rise and report progress and ask leave to sit again can be made at any time when the mover thereof can legitimately obtain the floor and shall take precedence over all other motions and shall be decided without debate and when it prevails the committee shall immediately rise and when the regular hour for adjournment of the House arrives the committee shall automatically rise and the Speaker shall assume the Chair
Reconsid eration Rule 122 A motion to reconsider shall be in order in Committee of the Whole
Duty of Chairman when no quorum is present Rule 123 The Committee of the Whole shall not proceed with the business before it whenever a vote on any question shall disclose the fact that no quorum of the House is present Whenever it is suggested that a quorum is not present the Chairman of the committee shall satisfy himself of the fact by actual count of the com
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
18
mittee and report the same to the committee and the Chairman shall on his own motion order that the committee immediately rise and he shall report the fact of the absence of a quorum to the House
Rule 124 The Speaker may in Committee of the Whole take part in the proceedings and he as well as all other members shall vote on all questions before the committee unless excused therefrom and no pairing of members shall be recognized or allowed in the Committee of the Whole
Rule 125 Amendments proposed by the Committee of the Whole may be amended or rejected by the House and matters stricken out by the committee may be restored by the House
Rule 126 A Committee of the Whole House can not punish disorderly conduct of its members but must report the same to the House for action thereon
Rule 127 The Chairman of the Committee of the Whole shall have power to have the galleries or lobbies cleared in case of any disorderly conduct therein
Rule 128 When the Committee of the Whole has disposed of the bill resolutions or other measures before it by motion and question it shall rise and the Chairman will be instructed to report the action of the Committee to the House At this point the Speaker will resume his seat and the Chairman will return to the floor and will state in substance as follows Mr Speaker the Committee of the Whole House
All members shall vote unless excused
Amendments
Disorderly
conduct
reported
Chairman may order galleries cleared
Proceedings of when business before it is finished
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188
have had under consideration naming what 11 and have instructed me as their Chairman to report the same back to the House with the I recommendation that the same do pass or do pass I as amended or do not pass as the case may I be
The Speaker will receive this report and re11 peat the same and the matter will then be before 11 the House for action just as though reported 11 by any other Committee
Record Rule 129 The proceedings of the Committee 11
of the Whole shali not be recorded in the Jour11 nal of the House except so far as reported to the 11 House by the Chairman of said committee
Papers may be called for
Reports shall contain result of committees action
Rule 130 When in the Committee of the Whole any papers in the possession of the House may be called for by any member and read by the Clerk for the information of the committee unless the committee shall otherwise order
Rule 131 Amendments offered to an amendment in the Committee of the Whole shall not be reported to the House but the report shall contain only the result of the committees action on the bill resolution or measure under consideration before it
ABSENTEES
Morning rollcall dispensed with by twothirds vote
Rule 132 The rollcall at the opening of each session of the House and also the reading of the Journal shall not be dispensed with except by a vote of twothirds of the members present The motion to dispense with the roll call and to dispense with the reading of the Journal shall be decided without debate
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I Rule 133 Upon the call of all the members ordinary and extraordinary the names of the absentees shall be noted by the Clerk and shall appear upon the Journal And it shall be the duty of the Clerk to keep a separate list of the absentees from each days proceedings which list shall be entered upon the Journal and shall show which of said absentees are absent without I leave and of those absent with leave which are 11 absent for providential causes and which for I business reasons which said separate list shall 11 be read in the House with the Journal upon which 11 the same is entered
COMPELLING ATTENDANCE
Rule 134 The power to compel the attendance of members in order to keep or secure a quorum shall be vested in the Speaker and to this end he may have the doors of the House closed When the doors are so closed no member shall be allowed to retire from the House without first obtaining leave from the House
The Messenger of the House shall be exofficio SergeantatArms of the House and on order of the Speaker may arrest any absentees and bring them before the House when necessary to secure a quorum as aforesaid
CALL OF THE HOUSE
Rule 135 Whenever the result of a vote taken shall disclose the fact that no quorum of the House is present or when the Speaker shall officially state the fact to the House it shall be in order for any member to make a motion for a
Names of absentees noted
Power to
compel
attendance
Sergeant
atarms
190 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
call of the House and when this motion is made II the Speaker shall state the question as follows II Shall the motion for the call of the House pre I vail and if fifteen of the members present I shall vote in the affirmative the Speaker shall I order the Clerk to call the roll of members and I the absentees shall be noted the doors shall then II be closed after which the names of the absentees II shall again be called over and those who do not 11 appear and who are absent without leave may I by order of the majority of the members pres II ent be sent for and arrested wherever they may I be found by the officers to be appointed by the II Messenger for that purpose and their attend II ance secured and the House shall determine I upon what conditions they shall be discharged
QUORUM
What is a quorum Compelling attendance
Oath of members
Rule 136 A majority of each House shall constitute a quorum to transact business but a smaller number may adjourn from day to day and compel the presence of its absent members as each House may provide
Art 3 Sec 4 Par 4
Rule 137 Each Senator and Representative before taking his seat shall take the following oath or affirmation towit I will support the Constitution of this State and of the United States and on all questions and measures which may come before me I will so conduct myself as will in my judgment be most conducive to the interest and prosperity of this State
Art 3 Sec 4 Par 5
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191
Rule 138 No bill shall become a law unless it shall receive a majority of the votes of all the members elected to each House of the General Assembly and it shall in every instance appear on the Journal
Art 3 Sec 7 Par 14
Rule 139 The yeas and nays on any question shall at the desire of onefifth of the members present be entered on the Journal
Art 3 Sec 7 Par 6
Rule 140 No bill or resolution appropriating money shall become a law unless upon its passage the yeas and nays in each House are recorded
Art 3 Sec 7 Par 12
Rule 141 Whenever the Constitution requires a vote of twothirds of either or both Houses for the passage of an Act or resolution the yeas and nays on the passage thereof shall be entered on the Journal
Art 3 Sec 7 Par 19
Rule 142 Every bill before it shall pass shall be read three times and on three separate days in each House unless in cases of actual invasion or insurrection The first and second reading of local bills shall be by titles only The third reading of local bills must be full and complete
Art 3 Sec 7 Par 7
Rule 143 All bills for raising revenue or appropriating money shall originate in the House
Majority required to pass bill
Yeas and nays order by onefifth of members
Bill or resolutions appropriating money must pass by yeas and nays
Constitutional twothirds vote taken by yeas and nays
Revenue
bills
Reading of bills
192 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL of Representatives but the Senate may propose or concur in amendments as in other bills Art 3 Sec 7 Par 10
One subject matter etc Rule 144 No law or ordinance shall pass which refers to more than one subject matter or contains matter different from what is expressed in the title thereof Art 3 Sec 7 Par 8
An amendment to laws and sections of Code Rule 145 No law or section of the Code shall be amended or repealed by mere reference to its 1 title or to the number of the section of the Code 1 but the amending or repealing Act shall distinctly describe the law to be amended or repealed as well as the alteration to be made Art 3 Sec 7 Par 16
General laws how varied Rule 146 Laws of a general nature shall have uniform operation throughout the State and no
Consent and when required special law shall be enacted in any case for which provisons have been made by an existing general law No general law affecting private 1 rights shall be varied in any particular case by special legislation except with the consent in writing of all persons to be affected thereby and no person under legal disability to contract is capable of such consent Art 1 Sec 4 Par 1
Corpora tions Rule 147 The General Assembly shall have no power to grant corporate powers and privileges to private companies except banking insurance railroad canal navigation express and telegraph companies nor to make or change election precincts nor establish bridges or ferries
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193
nor to change names of legitimate children but it shall prescribe by law the manner in which such power shall be exercised by the courts
Art 3 Sec 7 Par 17
Rule 148 The General Assembly shall have no power to relieve principals or securities upon forfeited recognizances from the payment thereof either before or after judgment thereon unless the principal in the recognizance shall have been apprehended and placed in the custody of the proper officer
Art 3 Sec 7 Par 18
Rule 149 The General Appropriation bill shall embrace nothing except appropriation fixed by previous laws the ordinary expenses of the Executive Legislative and Judicial Departments of the Government paying of the public debt and interest thereon and for the support of the public institutions and educational interests of the State All other appropriations shall be made by separate bills each embracing but one subject
Art 3 Sec 7 Par 9
1 Rule 150 Neither House shall adjourn for
more than three days or to any other place without the consent of the other and in case of 1 disagreement between the two Houses on a question of adjournment the Governor may adjourn either or both of them
Art 3 Sec 7 Par 22
Rule 151 All elections by the General Assembly shall be viva voce and the vote shall appear
Powerdelegated to courts
Belief of recognizance
What the general appropriation bill shall contain Other appropriations by separate bills
Adjourn
ments
194
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
Elections
Rejected bills again considered by a twothirds vote
Regular session limited to 70 days
on the Journal of the House of Representatives When the Senate and House of Representatives unite for the purpose of elections they shall meet in the Representative Hall and the President of the Senate shall in such cases preside and declare result
Art 3 Sec 10 Par 1
Rule 152 No bill or ordinance or resolution intended to have the effect of a law which shall have been rejected by either House shall be again proposed during the same session under the same or any other title without the consent of twothirds of the House by which the same was rejected
Art 3 Sec 7 Par 13
Rule 153 The General Assembly shall meet in regular session on the second Monday in January 1955 and annually thereafter on the same day until the date shall be changed by law By concurrent resolution adopted by a majority of members elected to both houses the General Assembly may adjourn any regular session to such later date as it may fix for reconvening in regular session but shall remain in regular session no longer than forty 40 days in the aggregate in each year during the term for which the members were elected All business pending in the Senate or House at the adjournment of any regular session may be considered at any later regular session held in the same year as if there had been no adjournment Nothing herein shall be construed to affect the power of the Governor to convoke the General Assembly in extraordinary session or the duty of the Governor to convene the General Assembly in extraordinary session upon the certificate of three fifths of the mem
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
195
bers elected to the Senate and the House of Representatives as provided in Article V Section I Paragraph XII of this Constitution If an impeachment trial is pending at the end of any regular or extraordinary session the Senate may continue in session until such trial is completed
Art 3 Sec 4 Par 3
Rule 154 Each House shall be the judge of the election returns and qualifications of its members and shall have the power to punish them for disorderly behavior or misconduct by censure fine or imprisonment or expulsion but no member shall be expelled except by a vote of twothirds of the House to which he belongs
Art 3 Sec 7 Par 1
Rule 155 No provision in the Constitution of this State for a twothirds vote of both houses of the General Assembly shall be construed to waive the necessity for the signature of the Governor as in any other case except in the case of the twothirds vote required to override the veto to submit constitutional amendments and in case of prolongation of a session of the General Assembly
Art 3 Sec 7 Par 21
Rule 156 The Governor shall have the revision of all bills passed by the General Assembly before the same shall become laws but twothirds of each House may pass a bill notwithstanding his dissent and if any bill should not be returned by the Governor within five days Sunday excepted after it has been presented to him the same shall be a law unless the General Assembly by their adjournment shall prevent its return He may approve any appropriation
Elections
Disorderly
conduct
Expulsion by twothirds vote
Signature of Governor when required
Governors
veto
196
Effect of twothirds vote thereon
When
Governor
must
approve
Twothirds
vote
required
Twothirds vote required on amendments to Constitution
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
and disapprove any other appropriation in the same bill and the latter shall not be effectual unless passed by twothirds of each House
Art 5 Sec 1 Par 15
Rule 157 Every note resolution or order to which the concurrence of both Houses may be necessary except on a question of election or adjournment shall be presented to the Governor and before it shall take effect be approved by him or being disapproved shall be passed by twothirds of each House
Art 5 Sec 1 Par 16
Rule 158 No county site shall be changed or removed except by a twothirds vote of the qualified voters of the county voting at an election held for that purpose and a twothirds vote of the General Assembly
Art 11 Sec 1 Par 9
Rule 159 Any amendment or amendments to this Constitution may be proposed in the Senate or House of Representatives and if the same shall be agreed to by twothirds of the members elected to each of the two Houses such proposed amendment or amendments shall be entered on their Journals with the yeas and nays taken thereon and the General Assembly shall cause such amendment or amendments to be published in one or more newspapers in each Congressional District for two months previous to the time of holding the next general election and shall provide for submission of such proposed amendment or amendments to the people at the said next general election and if the people shall ratify such amendment or amendments by a
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
197
majority of the electors qualified to vote for members of the General Assembly voting thereon such amendment or amendments shall become a part of this Constitution When more than one amendment is submitted at the same time they shall be so submitted as to enable the electors to vote on each amendment separately
Art 13 Sec 1 Par 1
Rule 160 No convention of the people shall be called by the General Assembly to revise amend or change the Constitution unless by the concurrence of twothirds of all the members of each House of the Genera Assembly The representation in said convention shall be based on the population as near as practicable
Art 13 Sec 1 Par 2
Rule 161 The Justices of the Supreme Court each shall have out of the treasury of the State salaries of 8000 per annum the Judges of the Court of Appeals each shall have out of the treasury of the State salaries of 8000 per annum the Judges of the Superior Courts each shall have out of the treasury of the State salaries of 6000 per annum and the Solicitors General shall each have out of the treasury of the State a salary of 250 per annum with the right of the General Assembly to authorize any county to supplement the salary of a judge of the Superior Court and Solicitor General of the Judicial Circuit in which such county lies out of county funds provided however where such salary was at the time of the adoption of the Constitution of this State being supplemented out of county funds under existing laws such laws shall remain in force until altered by the General Assembly Provided further that the
Twothirds vote required to call a convention How called
Salaries of judges
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198
Board of County Commissioners of Richmond I a County or the Ordinary or such other board or persons as may from time to time have charge I t of the fiscal affairs of said county shall without I s further legislative action continue to supple I ment from said Countys treasury the salary of I i the Judge of Superior Court of the circuit of s which the said County of Richmond is a part by the sum of Two Thousand Dollars 2000 per annum which shall be in addition to the amount received by said judge out of the State treasury and such payments are declared to be a part of the court expenses of said County and such payment shall be made to the judge in office at the time of the adoption of the Constitution of this State during his term or subsequent terms as well as to his successors with the authority in the f General Assembly to increase such salary from r the County treasury as above provided
Art 6 Sec 12 Par 1 and c
Art 3 Sec 7 Par 1
Evidence of notice of local and special bills must be submitted before passage of same
Rule 162 No local or special bill shall be passed unless notice of the intention to apply j therefor shall have been published in the newspaper in which the Sheriffs advertisements for the locality affected are published once a week for three weeks during a period of sixty days immediately preceding its introduction into the General Assembly No local or special bill shall I J become law unless there is attached to and made a part of said bill a copy of said notice certified by the publisher or accompanied by an affida I j vit of the author to the effect that said notice I j has been published as provided by law No office to which a person has been elected shall be j abolished nor the term of the office shortened or lengthened by local or special bill during the term for which such person of the jurisdiction affected in a referendum on the question Where
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
199
any local law shall add any member or members to any municipal or county governing authority the members of which are elected by the people such local law must provide that the member or members so added must be elected by a majority vote of the qualified voters of the political subdivision affected
Art 3 Sec 7 Par 15
MISCELLANEOUS RULES
Rule 163 When a message shall be sent to the House of Representatives it shall be announced at the door of the House by the Doorkeeper and be respectfully communicated to the chair by the person through whom it may be sent
Rule 164 Messages may be received at any time while the door is open except while a question is being put or a ballot or a viva voce is being taken A message shall be presented to the House by the Speaker when received or afterwards according to its nature and the business in which the House is engaged or its consideration may on motion be ordered by the House
Rule 165 After a motion is stated by the Speaker or read by the Clerk it shall be deemed to be in the possession of the House but may be withdrawn at any time before the decision by the unanimous consent of the House
Rule 166 Any member presenting a petition memorial or remonstrance shall as concisely as
Messages
Messages when received and considered
Motions
Petitions
memorials
etc
200 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL practicable intimate the name and object of the petitioner memorialist or remonstrant which shall be noted on the Journal and the paper may then be referred without reading
Committees Rule 167 The several standing committees of the House shall have leave to report by bill or otherwise The report of the Committee on Rules is in order at any time when the House is not actually engaged in other business
Clerk Rule 168 The Clerk of the House shall take an oath for the true and faithful discharge of the duties of his office to the best of his knowledge and abilities and shall be deemed to continue in office until another be elected
Clerk Rule 169 The Clerk shall take special care of the books provided for the use of the House
Duties of Committee on Enrollment Rule 170 The Committee on Enrollment shall carefully compare enrolled bills and resolutions and correcting any errors that may be discovered in the enrolled bills or other papers make their report forthwith to their respective Houses
Motions not privileged Rule 171 Verification of a roll call vote can be dispensed with only by unanimous consent the Speaker shall not entertain a motion to that effect Rule 172 Whenever on any question the yeas and nays shall have been ordered the Clerk shall also enter on the Journal the names of those members not voting
Not necessary to second motion Rule 173 When a motion is made by any member it shall not be necessary that the same shall be seconded before being put to the House
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201
Rule 174 After the announcement of the standing committee no other members shall be placed thereon except when members have been elected to fill vacancies caused by death or otherwise the Speaker may assign said members to such committees as he may see fit and he may fill any vacancy in chairmanships
Rule 175 No person shall be allowed to enter upon the floor of the House except the members and officers thereof their wives and children the members and officers of the Senate and such others as may be granted permission as hereinafter stated
a The House may upon the recommendation of the Committee on Privileges of the Floor grant permission for a specific individual or individuals to enter upon the Floor on a single named day The recommendation of such Committee shall specify the exact purpose for which such individual or individuals are to be admitted and the expected benefit to be derived thereby
b On the first two days of any regular special or adjourned session the Speaker may extend the privileges of the floor and use of the press table to representatives of the press radio and other newsgathering andor disseminating agencies Thereafter he shall refer all applications for admission of such persons to the Committee on Privileges of the Floor which Committee shall as promptly as possible investigate the credentials of such persons and recommend to the House for admission to the floor only such persons as it finds to be representatives of recognized newspapers and periodicals of general circulation radio and television stations newsreel photography companies or telegraphic press associations assigned to the duty of actually re
Committees how and when engaged
Privileges on the floor
202 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
Privileges of the floor porting Legislative proceedings The House may grant the privileges of the floor to such press representatives for the whole session or for a lesser time and automatically reserves the right to revoke such permission at any time c The Committee on Privileges of the Floor may submit its recommendations at any time when a question of privilege would be in order
Duty of Committee on Journals Rule 176 It shall be the duty of the Committee on Journals to read the Journal of each days proceedings and report to the House that the same is correct before the Journal is read by the Clerk
Members to receipt Clerk for books and papera Rule 177 No member shall take any books or papers from the possession of the House or Clerk without first acquainting the Clerk and giving him a receipt to return the same in a reasonable time or on his demand
Adjournment and meeting Rule 178 The House shall convene at 10 a m Sundays excepted unless otherwise ordered by the House The hour of adjournment to be fixed by a majority of said House on motion without debate
Motion for yeas and nays not debatable Rule 179 A motion for the call of the yeas and nays shall be decided without debate
Signature of Speaker and Clerk Rule 180 All Acts and joint resolutions shall be signed by the Speaker and Clerk and all writs warrants and subpoenas issued by order of the House shall be signed by the Speaker and attested by the Clerk
Duty of Messenger Rule 181 It shall be the duty of the Messenger to attend to the wants of the House while in
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
203
session to aid in the enforcement of order under the direction of the Speaker to execute the demands of the House from time to time together with all such processes issued under its authority as may be directed to him by the Speaker
Rule 182 The Messenger under the direction of the Clerk shall superintend the distribution by the Pages of all documents and papers to be distributed to the members he shall distribute to the members the usual and necessary stationery required by them
Rule 183 No Committee of the Whole or other committee shall deface or interline a bill resolution or other paper referred to said committee but shall report any amendment recommended on a separate paper noting the section page or line to which said amendment relates
Rule 184 No pairing of members shall be recognized or allowed as an excuse for not voting
Rule 185 Whenever any member moves that a Committee of Conference on disagreeing votes of the two Houses naming the number of members be appointed if said motion prevails the Speaker shall appoint a committee on the part of the House and in such case the committee shall consist of only such members as voted in the majority on the position assumed by the House and if by inadvertence any member be nominat
Messengers duty in distributing documents etc
Interlineation
forbidden
Pairing
Committee on conference
204 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL ed on said committee who was not in said majority vote he shall notify the House and be excused by the Speaker
Authority of Conference Committees Rule 185A All conference committee reports shall be printed and distributed to the members prior to consideration of the same unless the printing of the same be dispensed with by a majority vote of all members elected to the House
Amend ments Rule 186 After commitment of a bill and report thereof to the House it may be amended before the report of the committee is agreed to by the House but the amendments if any reported by the committee shall be disposed of before any other amendment be considered unless it be an amendment to a committee amendment
Majority and minority reports Rule 187 All reports of a committee shall be in writing and the minority of a committee may make a report in writing setting forth succinctly the reasons for their dissent Each committee shall wherever practical include with their report on each general bill or resolution a brief resume of the bill and the reasons for the action taken by the Committee If the Committee shall so order the Clerk shall have such report printed and distributed to the members of the House
What motions lie on table Rule 188 Every motion for information from the Executive Department or any other Department of the State Government shall lie on the table one day and on the following day such
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
205
motion shall be deemed privileged and shall he in order for immediate consideration at the request of the author or any other members of the House
Rule 189 On the call of the yeas and nays the Clerk shall read the names of the members changing after they have been called and no member shall votesbe permitted to change his vote unless he at that time declares that he voted under a mistake of the question
Rule 190 Questions of privilege shall be Questions of first those affecting the rights of the House col privilege lectively its safety dignity and the integrity of rovisoits proceedings second the rights reputation and conduct of members individually in their representative capacity only and shall have precedence over all other questions except a motion to adjourn Provided that when any matter is before the House no question of personal privilege shall be acted on until the pending question shall be disposed of
Rule 191 In all elections a majority of the members present shall be necessary to a choice
Rule 192 When any question arises which is not provided for in the foregoing Rules the same shall be controlled by the rules usually governing parliamentary bodies
Rule 193 The Auditing Committee shall before auditing the account of any member for expenses of a committeeman or any account prescribed by a member for any expense incurred
206
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
in discharge of any duty as a member of this House require of such an itemized statement of such account supported by proper vouchers for each item of said account
ORDER OF BUSINESS
Rule 194 The following shall be the order of business
ri lain Scripture Reading and Prayer by Chap
2 Call of the Roll
3 Report of the Committee on the Journal
4 Reading of the Journal
5 Confirmation of the Journal
6 Unanimous Consents
7 Motions to Reconsider
8 Introduction of Bills and Resolutions
Each member is requested to introduce two copies of each bill or resolution one to be filed in the office of the Speaker by the Clerk and the other to be given to the press
9 First Reading and Reference of House Bills and Resolutions
10 Report of Standing Committees
11 Second Reading of Bills and Resolutions Favorably Reported
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
12 Third Reading and Passage of Uncontested Local Bills and Resolutions
13 First Reading and Reference of Senate Bills and Resolutions
14 Unfinished Business of Previous Session
15 Orders of the Day
16 Senate Amendments to House Bills and Resolutions and Reports of Conference Committees
17 House Bills and Resolutions for Third Reading
18 Unless otherwise Ordered by the House Senate Bills and Resolutions for Third Reading or on the Calendar for the Purpose of Disagreeing to an Adverse Committee Report shall be Called on Thursdays
19 The Reports of the Committee on Engrossing and the Committee on Enrolling May be Made at Any Time
20 General Bills and Resolutions Otherwise in Order for Reconsideration on Friday or Saturday Shall Stand over Until the Following Monday
COMMITTEES
Rule 195 The Speaker shall appoint the folI lowing committees

Academy for the Blind
Amendments to the Constitution No One Amendments to the Constitution No Two Appropriations
208
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
Auditing
Aviation
Banks and Banking
Commerce
Conservation
Corporations
Counties and County Matters
Drainage
Education No One
Education No Two
Engrossing
Enrollment
Excuse of Members Absent Without Leave Game and Fish
General Agriculture No One
General Agriculture No Two
General Judiciary No One
General Judiciary No Two
Georgia School for the Deaf
Georgia State Sanitarium
Halls and Rooms
Historical Research
Hygiene and Sanitation
Industrial Relations
Insurance
Interstate Cooperation
Invalid Pensions and Soldiers Home Journals
Legislative and Congressional Reapportionment
Manufacturers
Military Affairs
Mines and Mining
Motor Vehicles
Municipal Government
Penitentiary
Pensions
Privileges and Elections
Privileges of the Floor
Public Highways No One
Public Highways No Two
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
209
Public Library
Public Printing
Public Property
Public Utilities
Public Welfare
Railroads
Rules
Sanitarium at Alto
Special Appropriations
Special Judiciary
State of Republic
State Prison Farm
Temperance
Training Schools
Uniform State Laws
University System of Georgia
Veterans Affairs
Ways and Means
Western and Atlantic Railroad
The Chairman and Chairman pro tern of the Committee on Appropriations shall be exofficio members of the Committee on Ways and Means and the Chairman and Chairman pro tern of the Committee on Ways and Means shall be exofficio members of the Committee on Appropriations
Rule 196 Whenever any bill or resolution has been referred to a committee and the same has been held in the custody or control of such committee for ten days without reporting on same the author of such bill or any member of the House shall have the right immediately after the confirmation of the Journal to give notice that on the next regular meeting of the House he will submit a motion instructing such committee to report such bill back to the House after which on the next regular meeting day of the House any member of the House immediately after the confirmation of the Journal may
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
move to instruct such committee to report such bill or resolution back to the House and if the motion prevails it shall be the duty of such committee to report such bill or resolution accordingly with or without recommendation as the case may be at the next regular session and upon failure of said Committee to report such bill accordingly the same shall automatically be returned to the House for consideration Debate on said motion to instruct such committee to report such bill or resolution back to the House shall be limited to twenty minutes unless otherwise ordered by the House and when such bill or resolution is so reported or returned to the House it may be referred or committed as other bills or resolutions Provided that any motion or resolution to set a special order or to change the order of business for any particular day which has been referred to the Committee on Rules may be held in the custody and control of such committee only three days instead of ten days under this rule It shall be the duty of the committee to which any measure providing for an appropriation is referred to report such bill or measure back to the House at least fifteen days prior to the last day of the session regardless of any such notice or motion by the author or any other member
Rule 197 In drawing for seats all members except those who have been permitted by the House to select seats without drawing shall retire to the rear of the Hall The names of all counties printed on separate slips of paper shall be deposited in a box and the box placed on the Clerks desk The names of the counties shall be drawn separately from the box and announced by the Clerk from his desk
When the name of a county is announced the
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
211
member or members from that county shall come forward to the Clerks desk and secure a desk card with name and county printed thereon and then proceed to select his seat All desks shall be arranged in their proper position on the floor of the House and no desk shall be moved or changed
The Speaker shall have the right to reserve seats for the chairmen of the committees on Appropriations and Ways and Means and for the vicechairman of Committee on Rules before the drawing for seats
Rule 198 The Speaker is authorized to employ some person well skilled in legislative draughtsmanship as special clerk for the Committee on Engrossing and Enrolling It shall be the duty of such special clerk to examine every bill or resolution that is ready for engrossing or enrollment and to suggest to the committee any corrections or additions to either the caption or the bill that are necessary to perfect the same The per diem of such special clerk shall be fixed by the Speaker
212
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
INDEX TO STANDING RULES OF Georgia House of Representatives
ABSENTEES Rule No
Auditing Committee duty as to 1331
Clerks duty as to 133
Roll Call dispensed with when 132
ADJOURN MOTION TO
Committee of whole not in order in 118
Definite time debatable when 56
Effect when motion prevails 59
Motion not debatable55178
Motion not amendable 55
Motion when in order 57
Motion when not in order 58
Precedence of motion 54
Shall not be made second time until when 55
ADJOURNMENT
Constitutional time limit 150
Courtesy to speaker at time of 26
Effect of 59
Effect when hour of arrives when House acting under
previous question 60
Effect when hour of arrives during vote by yeas and
nays 60
Hour of fixed by House 178
ADVERSE REPORT
Bills and resolutions adversely reported taken up when 40
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
213
Rule No
Debate on final passage 71
Effect of on bills 47
AMENDMENTS

Applicable to an amendment
Bills or resolutions amended by sections
Bill perfected before caption or preamble
Bills perfected before substitute
Blanks must be filled
Clerks duty in amending by striking out and
inserting
Committee of whole action on
Committee of whole what reported to House
Germane must be
Motion to amend how made
Motion to commit amendable
Motion to postpone indefinitely not amendable
Motion to postpone to time definite amendable
Motion to table amendment not in order
Motion to table not amendable
Must be in writingI
Precedence of motion to amend
Priority of amendments
Priority of amendments to perfect part proposed to
be stricken
Priority of over motion to agree or disagree
Priority of questions on Senate Amendments to H B
Priority of on passage of bill
Senate amendments to H B House amendments in order
93
101
100
95
99
103
125
131
102
93
91
79
84
61
67
97 54
98
104
106
107
186
105
Senate majority vote to adopt 107a
Reconsidered when 112
Substitute is an amendment 94
When in order 186
When too late96186
214
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL

AMENDMENTS TO CONSTITUTION Rule No
Submission to people 159 I
Convention called 160 I
APPEALS
From Speakers decision 8 I
Members may address House 11 I
No debate when of personal character 9 I
To be made at once 10 I
APPLAUSE
Speakers right to suppress 29 I
APPROPRIATIONS
General bill right of way 40 I
Governors power over 156 I
Considered in committee of whole 50 I
House must originate 143 I
ATTENDANCE
Call of House 135 I
Messengers duty 134 I
Power to compel134135 I
Speakers duty 134 I
AUDITING COMMITTEE
Absentees duty as to 133 I
Accounts of members duty as to 193 I
BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS
Amendments and substitutes bill first perfected 95 I
Amendments by sections 101 I
Amendments to Code sections 145 I
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
215
Rule No
Amendments to passed on before those to caption or
preamble 100
Appropriations House must originate 143
Clerk to state number and author when reading 40
Clerk to call in order on calendar 40
Committee of whole how read 117
Committee reports favorable effect of 47
Committee reports unfavorable effects of 47
Committee reports order of precedence 52
Corporations laws relating to 147
Engrossment effect of 47
General appropriations what to embrace 149
General laws how changed 146
Governors approval necessary 157
Governors failure to return 156
Governors veto 156
Immediate transmission when 48
Introduction when 46
Printed when 49
Reconsideration effect of 113
Rejected when again considered 152
Relief of principals and sureties 148
Requirements for 51
Speakers duty to commit47
Special laws prohibited wheni 146
Subjectmatter only one and expressed in title 144
Unanimous consent for reading1 42
Withdrawal of when 47
Majority necessary to pass 138
Debate none at first reading 47
Constitutional requirements as to reading 142
Reading of unanimous consent 42
Reading first no debatei 47
Reading constitutional requirement 142
CALL OF HOUSE
Committee of whole not in order 118
Contempt refusal to vote onO 14
216
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
Rule No
When in order14135
When not in order 76
CAPTION
Not considered until bill perfected 100
CHANGE OF VOTES
How done and when 189
CLERK
Absence of speaker and speaker pro tern duty of 7
Absentees duty of 133
Amendments striking out and inserting duty of 103 Bills and resolutions how read committee of whole 117
Bills and resolutions called in order from calendar 40
Bills and resolutions name and authors stated 40
Books duty to care for169177
Journal names not voting duty to enter 172
Oath of prescribed jgg
CODE SECTIONS
Amendments to Constitutional requirements 145
COMMITTEES
Amendments by take precedenceL 186
Appointed by speakeri 4196
Bills not to be interlined or defaced by 183
Chairmen Appropriations and Ways and Means Ex
Officio Members 196
Conference how constituted 185
Report of Conference majority vote 107a
Conference authority limited 185a
Defaulting committee provision as to 197
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 217
Rule No
Enlarged how HM 174
Failure of to report provision as to SUSSl 197
Membership limited 195
Reports of order of precedenceBMjj 52
Reports of required 1 197
Reports must be in writing 187
Speaker exofficio member of Rules 4
Speaker to appoint certain committees 4196
Rules committee how elected 4
COMMIT MOTION TO
Amended how 91
Applicable to what 8892
Committee of whole not in order 118
Precedence of as among other motions 54
Precedence of as among motions to commit to different committees 89
COMMITTEE OF WHOLE HOUSE
Amendments by action by House 125
Amendments to amendments how reported to House 131
Appropriation bills considered in 50
Bills read and debated by sectionsR 117
Call of House not in order 118
Chairman appointed by Speaker 116
Chairman power to clear galleries or lobby 127
Debate how limited and closed 119
Disorderly conduct reported 126
Extension of time how secured 120
Formation of 116
House may resolve itself into when 115
Interlineation of bills or resolutions prohibited 183
Journal not show proceedings 129
Members shall vote 124
Motion to commit to precedence 89
Motion to rise report progress and ask leave to sit again 121
218
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
Rule No
Papers called for 130
Proceedings how closed 121
Proceedings not reported in Journal 129
Procedure when business finished 128
Quorum not present procedure 123
Reconsideration in order 122
Reports of precedence 52
Rules applicable to and exceptions 118
Speaker may resolve House into when 114
Speaker may take part 124
Speaker chairman appointed by 116
CONSTITUTIONAL RULES
Adjournments limited 150
Amendments to Code sections 145
Amendments to Constitution 159
Appropriation Bills House must originate 143
Appropriation Bill General what to embrace 149
Appropriations Journal to show yeas and nays 140
Bills majority necessary to pass 138
Bills reading of 142
Bills rejected when again considered 152
Bills subjectmatter expressed in title 144
Bills only one subjectmatter permitted 144
Constitutional convention how called 160
Corporations power of General Assembly over 147
County sites how changed or removed 157
Date of meetings fixed 153
Elections by General Assembly 151
Expulsion of members twothirds vote necessary 154
General laws how changed 146
General appropriation bill what to embrace 149
Governor failure to return bills 156
Governors signature when required155157
Governors veto 156
House judges of election and qualification of members 154 Journal must show majority vote 138
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 219
Rule No
Journal must show yeas and nays when
required S139140141
Local and special bills notice required 162
Members power to punish misconduct of 154
Members oath of prescribed 137
Quorum defined 136
Relief of principals and sureties 148
Salaries of certain officials how changed 161
Special laws prohibited when 146
Subjectmatter bills to contain but one 144
Subjectmatter must be expressed in title 144
Veto of GovernorS 156
Yeas and nays required when139140141
Yeas and nays Journal to show on Apps 140
Yeas and nays Journal to show where twothirds vote required 141
CONTEMPT
Refusal to vote unless excused on call of House 14
CONTEST
Contestant and contestee to retire when vote taken 22 CONVERSATION
Prohibited 1924
COUNTY SITE
How changed or removed 158
DEBATE
Adjournment decided without 178
Bills first reading no debate 47
Committee of whole regulated118119
220
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
Rule No
Committee happenings reference to out of order 27
Conversations reference to out of order 27
Conduct of members in 17
Individual speeches limited 17
Motion to adjourn not debatable 55
Motion to change rules not debatable 45
Motion to commit when debatable 90
Motion to change order of business not debatable 45
Motion to extend members time of speaking not
debatable 17
Motion to excuse member from voting not debatable 34
Motion to indefinitely postpone debatable 79
Motion to instruct committee debate limited 197
Motion for previous question not debatable 70
Motion to read papers not debatable 33
Motion to suspend rules not debatable 45
Motion to table not debatable 67
Motion to postpone to time definite what debatable 86 Previous question decided affirmatively debate
regulated 71
Priority of business not debatable 16
Roll Call no debate during 30
Senate happenings reference to out of order 27
Yeas and nays decided without debate 179
DISPARAGING REMARKS
Members prohibited from 28
DIVISION
Duty of member calling for 37
Motion to excuse from voting to be made before 34
Right to call for 36
What not divisible 3839
DRAWING FOR SEATS
Regulated
198
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
221
ELECTION Rule No
House Judge of of members 154
Majority vote necessaryXN 191
ENROLLMENT COMMITTEE
Duties of 170199
EXCEPTION TO WORDS SPOKEN
Procedure 18
EXPLANATION OF VOTES
When allowed and time limited 32
EXPULSION OF MEMBERS
When 17154
DOORKEEPER
Duty as to enforcement of rule as to intoxication 25
Duty as to messages 163
Speaker may suspend when 12
GALLERIES
Applause to be suppressed 29
Committee of whole chairman may clear 127
Speaker may clear 13
GENERAL ASSEMBLY
Meets when 153
Session limited 153
222
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
GENERAL APPROPRIATION BILL Rule No
Constitutional provision as to what it shall embrace 149 Right of way in order of business 40
GENERAL LAWS
How changed 146
GENERAL TAX BILL
Right of way of 40
GOVERNOR
Failure to return bill effect 156
Signature when required155157
Veto 156
HOUR OF ADJOURNMENT
Fixed by House 178
IMMEDIATE TRANSMISSION TO SENATE
Twothirds vote necessary 48
INTOXICATION
Member denied floor while in state of 25
JOURNAL
Absentees shown on 183
Amendments to Constitution yeas and nays must be
shown on 159
Appropriation of money yeas and nays shown 140
Committee duty to read 176
Committee of whole proceedings not shown 129
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
223
Rule No
Majority on passage of bills must be shown 1S8
Names those not voting shown on
Yeas and nays to be shown
LAUDATORY REMARKS
Prohibited in Nominations 28
LOCAL BILLS
Constitutional requirements as to reading 142
Constitutional requirements as to notice lbz
Introduced when r
Reading of third time and put on passage by unammous consent jf
MAIN QUESTION
Effect as to when votes had on motion for previous
question 707173
Minority report time allowed for debate
Motion to table supersedes when JJjJ
When ordered call of House
When ordered vote how taken
MAJORITY
Bill majority vote necessary to pass 138
Elections majority vote necessary
Quorum majority necessary
MEMBERS
Adjournment duty of at
Arrest subject to when
Attendance of compelled when Books and papers duty as to
26
134135136 134135136 177
224
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
Rule No
Called to order for transgressing rules 17
Changing votes how and wheniigg
Committee of whole right to speakau 118
Committee of whole duty to vote 124
Conduct in debate17
Conversation and smoking prohibited 1924
Debate how often to speakloiluciii 17
Debate individual speeches limited 17
Debate reference to conversations happenings in committee and Senate prohibited 27
Decorum of 1719242627
Designation of members mode of 20
Exceptions to words of procedure 18
Expulsion of whentjftili frritftih iamb 17154
Interrogating mode ofJOi 21
Intoxication denied floor when in state of 25
Introduction of bills name and county to be endorsed 51
Laudatory remarks in nominationsJ28
Members speaking duty of whileZ 26
Misconduct in house and committee of whole126154
Motion may make one at a time 31
Motion must resume seat while being put 31
Motion prohibited from making nondebatable when 35
Oath of prescribed 137
Protests of proceedings23
Retire when required to22
Seats drawing for198
Vote shall not when interested 22
Vote shall exception 34124
MEMORIALS
Manner of presentation 160
MEETING OF HOUSE
Adjournment fixed by House 178
Time of meeting for daily sessions 178
Constitutional provisions 153
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
225
MINORITY REPORTS
How made
Main question ordered privileged first signer
Rule No
187
74
MESSAGES
How sent announced received and considered
164
MESSENGER
Arrest of memberstrrx
Exofficio sergeantatarms 134
Intoxicated member enforcement of rule25
General duties 181182
Speaker may suspend when12
MOTIONS
Information from executive department lie on table 188
Nondebatable prohibited when35
One at a time only 1
Order of prioritySpl
Order of business motion to change not debatable 45
Order of business motion to change vote necessary r 53
Read papers motion to decide without debate 33
Rules motion to change or suspend vote necessary 43
Rules motion to change or suspend how submitted414448
Seconding of unnecessary 170
Special orders motion to make how substituted 44
Strike out and insert motion to not divisible 39
Withdrawn how ljP
NEW MATTERS
Information from executive department to lie on table 188 Unanimous consents for 42
NOMINATIONS
Laudatory remarks prohibited 28
226
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
OATHS Rule No
Of Clerk prescribed igg
Of Members prescribed 137
ORDER OF BUSINESS
Changed how 484553
Motion to change not debatable 45
Motion to change vote necessary 4353
Priority of established 194
Rules committee to fix during last twentyone days 53
PARLIAMENTARY LAW Applicable when
192
PETITIONS
Manner of presentation 166
PREAMBLE
Not considered until resolution perfected 100
PREVIOUS QUESTION
Adjourn motion not in order after affirmative
votes on 70
Adjournment effect arrival hour of House acting
under 60
Affirmative votes result70717374
Applicable to what 75
Call of House not in order after ordered except when 76
Call for sustained motion to table in order 69
Exhausted must be before matters of words excepted
to decided 18
Precedence of motion 54
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
227
POSTPONE Rule No
Applicable to what definite and indefinite 8087
Committee of whole motion to definitely postpone not
in order r
Debate motion to indefinitely postpone debatable but
not amendable v 79
Definitely postpone motion to amendable 84
Effect of affirmative action on motion to indefinitely
postpone 78
Effect of affirmative action on motion to postpone to
time definite
Effect of negative action 83
Indefinitely motion to when not applicable 80
Impossible day motion to postpone to treated how 85
Indefinitely motion to not renewable 81
Precedence of motion 54
PRIVILEGE
Personal privilege 190
Questions of what constitutes 190
PRIVILEGES OF FLOOR
Who entitled to 175
PRINTING OF BILLS
When ordered 49
PROTESTS OF MEMBERS
Procedure 23
QUALIFYING PARAGRAPH
Not a divisible question 38
228
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
QUORUM Rule No
Constitutional definition f136
READING OF PAPERS
House determines by vote33
RECONSIDERATION
Amendments when reconsidered 112
Bills notice of motion when given 108
Bills notice not to be withdrawn when 109
Committee of whole motion in order 122
Effect of on bills113
Main question ordered motion in order to reconsider 70 Motion in order but once on same subject matter 110
Motions when in order Hi
REMONSTRANCES
Manner of presentation 166
REPORTS OF COMMITTEES
Committees may report by bill or otherwise 167
Order of precedence of 52
ROLL CALL
Explanation of votes on 32
Debate none during 30
How dispensed with III 132
Speaker may order when 15
RULES
Motion to suspend or change decided without debate 45 Suspended or changed how434445
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
229
RULES COMMITTEE Rule No
Constituted and elected how 4
Effect of failure to report 44
Order of business fixed by during last twentyone
days i53
Report of in order when 167
Special orders and motions to suspend rules duty to report on 4144
SALARIES
Constitutional provision as to changing 161
SEATS
Drawing for regulated198
SERGEANTATARMS
Call of House duty of135
Messenger is exofficio134
SIGNATURE OF SPEAKER AND CLERK
When required 180
SILENCE
Members to preserve when 19
SMOKING
Prohibited 24
SPEAKER
Absence of Speaker pro tern to preside 7
Adjournment members to remain until Speaker retires
26
230
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
Rule No
Appeals from decision of891011
Appeals from decision of to be made at once 10
Appeals from decision of no debate when 9
Appointment of committees by 4196
Appointment of chairman of Committee of Whole 116
Appointment of Conference Committee 185
Attendance power to compel 134
Business priority of decided without debate 16
Chairman Committee of Whole appointed by 116
Committees appointed byI 4196
Committee of Whole may resolve House into when 114
Committee of Whole assumes chair when 121
Committee of Whole receiving chairmans report 128
Committee of Whole right to take part in 124
Courtesy of members to at adjournment 26
Doorkeeper Speaker may suspend 12
Galleries may be cleared by 13
Interrogation of members conducted through 21
Irrelevant debate power to suspend 1
Members Speaker may name to preside 6
Members courtesy due by at adjournment 26
Method of stating question by 5
Quorum duty of when no quorum voting 1415
Recognition of members decided by 3
Recognition of members for unanimous consent 42
Rules Committee Speaker exofficio member 196
Silence commanded by when 1
Suspension of officers 12
Vote Speaker required to when 2

SPEAKER PRO TEM
Absence of Speaker duty to preside 7
Election 7
SPECIAL COMMITTEE
Priority of motion to commit in
89
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
231
SPECIAL LAWS Rule No
Notice required
Prohibited when I 146
SUBJECTMATTER
Bills to contain but one and expressed in title 144
SUBSTITUTE
Amendment is 94
Bill perfected before substitute 95
Motion to table not in order 61
SUSPENSION OF RULES
How accomplished 434445
TABLE MOTION TO
Amendment or substitute motion to table not in order 61
Amendment motion to table not subject to 67
Application of what can be laid on table 68
Committee of Whole motion not in order 118
Debate motion to table not debatable 67
Effect when motion to table prevails 63
Effect when motion to take from table prevails 6264
Effect when motion to take from table prevails where
measure tabled after roll call 65
Executive department information called from tabled
one day I
Main question motion to table in order after motion
for previous question sustained 69
Main question motion to table not in order after House has voted that main question shall be now
put 69
Motion to take from when in order 62
Previous question motion to table in order after mam
question ordered 6s
232
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
Rule No
Renewal of motions to table and take from when 66
Roll call motion not in order until completiona 65
TWOTHIRDS VOTE NECESSARY WHEN
Amendments to Constitution 159
Constitution Convention 160
Uounty Site changed or removed 158
Expulsion of members 154
Governors veto overridden155156157
Prolongation of session 155
UNANIMOUS CONSENTS
Limitation and regulation ofvlLiU5i 42
YEAS AND NAYS
Adjournment effect when hour of arrives during vote
by 60
Amendments to Constitution159
Changing votes after call of 189
Committee of whole vote not taken by 118
Explanation of votes when vote taken by 32
Excuse from voting motion must be made before roll
call begins 34
Journals to show when139140141
Journal to show names not voting172
Motion to table when in order when vote taken by 65
Required when VVV72 139 140141
Speaker may order when no quorum voting 15
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
233
CONSTITUTION OF THE
STATE OF GEORGIA TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
LIST OF STATE CONSTITUTIONS234
ARTICLE IBill of Rights i0oi239245
ARTICLE IIElective Franchise IlZll245248
ARTICLE IIILegislative Department 248258
ARTICLE IVPower of General Assembly over
Taxation 15258262
ARTICLE VExecutive Department 262273
ARTICLE VIJudiciary 273290
ARTICLE VIIFinance Taxation and Public Debt L291320
ARTICLE VIIIEducation 320326
ARTICLE IXHomestead and Exemptioniiii326327
ARTICLE XMilitia tSP 327
ARTICLE XICounties and Municipal Corporations 328330
ARTICLE XIIThe Laws of General Operation in
Force in this State 330331
ARTICLE XIIIAmendments to the Constitution 331333
ARTICLE XIVMerit System 333334
ARTICLE XVHome Rule 334
ARTICLE XVI Slum Clearance and Redevelopment334335
234
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
CHRONOLOGICAL LIST OF ORGANIC ACTS AND STATE CONSTITUTIONS OF GEORGIA
Charter of the Colony of Georgia 1732
Grant of George II King of Great Britain
Constitution of 1777
Constitutional Convention Oct 1 1776Feb 5 1777 Constitution of 1789
Constitutional Convention Nov 424 1788 Jan 420 I 1789 May 46 1789 May 16 1795
Constitution of 1798
Constitutional Convention May 830 1798
Constitution of 1861
Constitutional Convention Jan 16March 23 1861 Constitution of 1865
Constitutional Convention Oct 25Nov 8 1865 Constitution of 1868
Constitutional Convention Dec 9 1867March 11 1868 Constitution of 1877
Constitutional Convention July 11 1877August 25 1877 I Constitution of 1945
Ratified General Election August 7 1945 Governors I Proclamation August 13 1945
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
235
CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENTS ADOPTED SINCE RATIFICATION OF CONSTITUTION OF 1945
Amendment to Art VII Sec I Par II subpar 1 so as to authorize the General Assembly to provide for the payment of one hundred thousand dollars 10000000 for bringing in the first commercial oil well in this State
Amendment to Par 4 Sec 7 ojE Art 7 to include therein county boards of education as having authority to obtain the loans provided in said paragraph
RATIFIED NOVEMBER 7 1950

Amendment to Par IV Sec IX of Art VII to provide for the appropriation of funds for highway purposes
Amendment to Art VII Sec I Par II Subsec 3 so as to change the levy of taxes permitted on property for any one year by the Gen Assembly for all purposes except to provide for repelling invasions suppressing insurrections or defending the State in time of war from five 5 mills on each dollar of the value of the property taxable in the State to onefourth 14 mill on each dollar of the value of the property taxable in the State provided however that until some other method permitted by the laws of the United States for the taxation of national banking associations or corporations is enacted by the Gen Assembly for the taxation of the shares of stock of banking corporations and other monied capital coming into competition with such banking corporations such property may be taxed at a rate not exceeding five 5 mills on each dollar of the value thereof
Amendment to Art VII Sec I Par II so as to authorize the Gen Assembly to provide for scholarships to medical students who agree to practice medicine in the State of Georgia and to authorize the granting of scholarships to various schools and clinics to Physicians and other professional personnel employed at the Milledgeville State Hospital
Amendment to Art V Sec I Par XV providing for a period of thirty days after adjournment in which the Governor may approve bills passed by the Gen Assembly Amendment to Art VII Sec II Par I Subpar 5 so as to provide that the Gen Assembly may exercise the power of taxation for the purpose of making provision for the payment of pensions to exConfederate soldiers and to the widows of Confederate soldiers who are unmarried
Amendment to Par 4 Sec 1 Art VII authorizing the Gen Assembly to exempt from taxation intangible personal property owned by a trust forming a part of a pension profit sharing or stock bonus plan exempt from federal income tax under Section 165a of the Federal Internal Revenue Code
Amendment to Art VII Sec II Par I by adding a new paragraph so as to extend to the employees of the State and its subdivisions protection accorded others by the Old Age ana Survivors Insurance Program embodied under the Federal Social Security Act and the Federal InsuranceContributions Act
Amendment striking Par XV of Sec VII of Art Ill in its entirety and inserting in lieu thereof a new paragraph providing for notice of intention to apply for local legislation to be advertised in the newspaper in the locality affected to provide for the method of changing term of office or abolishing an office during the term for which a person has been elected and to provide for the method of increasing the membership of any municipal or county governing authority
236
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
hCoSstitudon fhaff h Paf providinS for th submission of amendments palities nStltUtln th t ff t only a couty or counties municipality or munici
RATIFIED NOVEMBER 4 1952
Amendment to the Constitution so as to authorize the General Assembly to provide for selfgovernment of municipalities
Amendment to Article III Section IV Paragraphs I and III of the Constitution 40 dayfrVlde fr anUal sesslons of he General Assembly not to exceed forty
Amendment to Article VII Section I Paragraph IV of the Constitution of Georgia providing for the exemption of all property owned by religious groups for residential purposes and from which no income is derived 5 y
iducadonnt 40 ArtiClC Vm f thC Constitution adding a new section relating to
Amendment to Article VII Section II of the 1945 Constitution of Georgia so as
undrr flremenf pSnTyltem CXerCiSed fr 1116 PUrPSC f Paying pensins
Amendment to the Constitution of the State of Georgia by adding a new Article to be designated Article XVI Slum Clearance and Redevelopment
Amendment to the Constitution so as to provide for a procedure by which a county may remove or increase the limitation of the tax levy for education RATIFIED NOVEMBER 2 1954
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
Governors No 34 House Resolution No 11
237
A RESOLUTION
Proposing as one single amendment to amend the Constitution of the State of Georgia of 1877 and all amendments thereof by striking in their entirety Article I Bill of Rights Article II Elective franchise Article III Legislative Department Article IV Power of the General Assembly Over Taxation Article V Executive Department Article VI Judiciary Article VII Finance Taxation and Public Debt Article VIII Education Article IX Homesteads and Exemptions Article X Militia Article XI Counties and County Officers Article XII The Laws of General Operation in Force in This State Article XIII Amendments to the Constitution and by inserting in lieu thereof after the Preamble of the Constitution of the State of Georgia of 1877 new articles as follows Article I Bill of Rights Article II Elective Franchise Article III Legislative Department Article IV Public Utilities Eminent Domain Police Power Insurance Companies Contracts etc Article V Executive Department Article VI Judiciary Article VII Finance Taxation and Public Debt Article VIII Education Article IX Homesteads and Exemptions Article X Militia Article XI Counties and Municipal Corporations Article XII The Laws of General Operation in Force in This State Article XIII Amendments to the Constitution Article XIV Merit System and Article XV Home Rule and to provide for the submission of the Amendment so proposed as one Amendment to the qualified voters of the State of Georgia for ratification or rejection at the General Election to be held in August 1945
WHEREAS the purpose of this single amendment is to coordinate the proposed substantial principals of organic law into one subject matter of the Constitution it being impracticable otherwise than in one subject matter and one amendment to perfect the rearrangement sought and to render unnecessary the evil consequences of a portion by portion adoption or rejection which would in case of adoption of some portions and rejection of others result in a Constitution lacking correlation
238
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
NOW THEREFORE BE IT RESOLVED BY THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY OF GEORGIA
Section One
That the Constitution of the State of Georgia of 1877 and all Amendments thereof appearing after the Preamble be and it is hereby proposed to be amended as one single amendment by striking therefrom in their entirety Article I Bill of Rights Article II Elective Franchise Article III Legislative Department Article IV Power of the General Assembly Over Taxation Article V Executive Department Article VI Judiciary Article VII Finance Taxation and Public Debt Article VIII Education Article IX Homesteads and Exemptions Article X Militia Article XI Counties and County Officers Article XII The Laws of General Operation in Force in This State Article XIII Amendments to the Constitution and inserting in lieu thereof new Articles Numbers I through XV inclusive so that when so amended the Constitution of the State of Georgia of 1877 shall read beginning with the Preamble as follows
CONSTITUTION
OF THE
STATE OF GEORGIA
PREAMBLE
To perpetuate the principles of free government insure justice to all preserve peace promote the interest and happiness of the citizen and transmit to posterity the enjoyment of liberty we the people of Georgia relying upon the protection and guidance of Almighty God do ordain and establish this Constitution
ARTICLE I Bill of Rights
Section I
Paragraph I Origin and foundation of government All government of right originates with the people is founded upon their will only and is instituted solely for the good of the whole Public officers are the trustees and servants of the people and at all times amenable to them
Paragraph II Protection the duty of government Protection to person and property is the paramount duty of government and shall be impartial and complete
Paragraph III Life liberty and property No person shall be deprived of life liberty or property except by due process of law
239
CONSTITUTION OF THE STATE OF GEORGIA Art 1 Sec 1 Par 4
Paragraph IV Right to the courts No person shall be deprived of the right to prosecute or defend his own cause in any of the courts of this State in person by attorney or both
Paragraph V Benefit of counsel accusation list of witnesses compulsory process trial by jury Every person charged with an offense against the laws of this State shall have the privilege and benefit of counsel shall be furnished on demand with a copy of the accusation and a list of the witnesses on whose testimony the charge against him is founded shall nave compulsory process to obtain the testimony of his own witnesses shall be confronted with the witnesses testifying
imJartial11Sryand Sh11 haVe a public and speedy trial 51fnrKograph YiL Cimination of self not compelled No person
SiSS gve testmony tendini in any manner
criNSfLJl1 anishle1Pt and whipping as punishment for banistment beyd the limits of the State nor whipping as a punishment for crime shall be allowed
xt1 Jeopardy of life or liberty more than once
forbidden No person shall be put in jeopardy of life or liberty more than once for the same offense save on his or her ovra motion for a new trial after conviction or in case of mistrial
aiagraPb IX Bail fines punishment arrest abuse of prisoners Excessive bail shall not be required nor excessive fines imposed nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted nor
amk orirSnl arrestod whi1
Paragraph X Costs No person shall be compelled to pay costs except after conviction on final trial
PraSrph XI Habeas corpus The writ of Habeas Corpus shall not be suspended
240
CONSTITUTION OF THE STATE OF GEORGIA Art 1 Sec 1 Par 12
Paragraph XII Freedom of conscience All men have the natural and inalienable right to worship God each according to the dictates of his own conscience and no human authority should in any case control or interfere with such rights of conscience
Paragraph XIII Religious opinions liberty of conscience No inhabitant of this State shall be molested in person or property or prohibited from holding any public office or trust on account of his religious opinions but the right of liberty of conscience shall not be so construed as to excuse acts of licentiousness or justify practices inconsistent with the peace and safety of the State
Paragraph XIV Appropriations to churches sects etc forbidden No money shall ever be taken from the public Treasury directly or indirectly in aid of any church sect or denomination of religionists or of any sectarian institution
Paragraph XV Liberty of speech or of the press guaranteed No law shall ever be passed to curtail or restrain the liberty of speech or of the press any person may speak write and publish his sentiments on all subjects being responsible for the abuse of that liberty
Paragraph XVI Searches seizures and warrants The right of the people to be secure in their persons houses papers and effects against unreasonable searches and seizures shall not be violated and no warrant shall issue except upon probable cause supported by oath or affirmation particularly describing the place or places to be searched and the persons or things to be seized
Paragraph XVII Slavery and involuntary servitude There shall be within the State of Georgia neither slavery nor involuntary servitude save as a punishment for crime after legal conviction thereof
241
CONSTITUTION OF THE STATE OF GEORGIA Art 1 Sec 1 Par 18
Paragraph XVIII Status of the citizen The social status of the citizen shall never be the subject of legislation
Paragraph XIX Civil authority superior to military The civil authority shall be superior to the military and no soldier shall in time of peace be quartered in any house without the consent of the owner nor in time of war except by the civil magistrate in such manner as may be provided by law
Paragraph XX Contempts The power of the Courts to punish for contempt shall be limited by legislative acts
Paragraph XXI Imprisonment for debt There shall be no imprisonment for debt
Paragraph XXII Arms right to keep and bear The right of the people to keep and bear arms shall not be infringed but the General Assembly shall have power to prescribe the manner in which arms may be borne
Paragraph XXIII Legislative judicial and executive powers separate The legislative judicial and executive powers shall forever remain separate and distinct and no person discharging the duties of one shall at the same time exercise the functions of either of the others except as herein provided
Paragraph XXIV Right to assemble and petition The people have the right to assemble peaceably for their common good and to apply to those vested with the powers of government for redress of grievances by petition or remonstrance
Paragraph XXV Citizens protection of All citizens of the United States resident in this State are hereby declared citizens of this State and it shall be the duty of the General Assembly to enact such laws as will protect them in the full enjoyment of the rights privileges and immunities due to such citizenship
242
CONSTITUTION OF THE STATE OF GEORGIA Art 1 Sec 2 Par 1
Section II
Paragraph I Libel jury in criminal cases new trials In all prosecutions or indictments for libel the truth may be given in evidence and the jury in all criminal cases shall be the judges of the law and the facts The power of the judges to grant new trials in case of conviction is preserved
Paragraph II Treason Treason against the State of Georgia shall consist in levying war against her adhering to her enemies giving them aid and comfort No person shall be convicted of treason except on the testimony of two witnesses to the same overt act or confession in open court
Paragraph III Conviction effect of No conviction shall work corruption of blood or forfeiture of estate
Paragraph IV Lotteries All lotteries and the sale of lottery tickets are hereby prohibited and this prohibition shall be enforced by penal laws
Paragraph V Lobbying penalties Lobbying is declared to be a crime and the General Assembly shall enforce this provision by suitable penalties
Paragraph VI Fraud concealment of property The General Assembly shall have the power to provide for the punishment of fraud and shall provide by law for reaching property of the debtor concealed from the creditor
Section III
Paragraph I Private ways just compensation In case of necessity private ways may be granted upon just compensation being first paid by the applicant Private property shall not be taken or damaged for public purposes without just and adequate compensation being first paid
243
CONSTITUTION OF THE STATE OF GEORGIA Art 1 Sec 3 Par 2
Y

Paragraph II Attainder ex post facto and retroactive laws etc No bill of attainder ex post facto law retroactive law or law impairing the obligation of contracts or making irrevocable grant of special privileges or immunities shall be passed
Paragraph III Revocation of tax exemptions All exemptions from taxation heretofore granted in corporate charters are declared to be henceforth null and void
Section IV
Paragraph I General laws uniform operation how varied
Laws of a general nature shall have uniform operation throughout the State and no special law shall be enacted in any case for which provision has been made by an existing general law
No general law affecting private rights shall be varied in any I particular case by special legislation except with the free I consent in writing of all persons to be affected thereby and no person under legal disability to contract is capable of such consent
Paragraph II What acts void Legislative acts in violation of this Constitution of the Constitution of the United States are void and the Judiciary shall so declare them
Section V
Paragraph I State rights The people of this State have the inherent sole and exclusive rights of regulating their internal government and the police thereof and of altering and abolishing their Constitution whenever it may be necessary to their safety and happiness
Paragraph II Enumeration of rights not denial of others
The enumeration of rights herein contained as a part of this Constitution shall not be construed to deny to the people any inherent rights which they may have hitherto enjoyed
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Section VI
Paragraph I Tidewater titles confirmed The Act of the General Assembly approved December 16 1902 which extends the title of ownership of lands abutting on tidal water to low water mark is hereby ratified and confirmed
ARTICLE II
Elective Franchise
Section II
Paragraph I Elections by ballot registration of voters Elections by the people shall be by ballot and only those persons shall be allowed to vote who have been first registered in accordance with the requirements of law
Paragraph II Who shall be an elector entitled to register and vote Every citizen of this State who is a citizen of the United States eighteen years old or upwards not laboring under any of the disabilities named in this Article and possessing the qualifications provided by it shall be an elector and entitled to register and vote at any election by the people Provided that no soldier sailor or marine in the military or naval services of the United States shall acquire the rights of an elector by reason of being stationed on duty in this State
Paragraph III Who entitled to register and vote To entitle a person to register and vote at any election by the people he shall have resided in the State one year next preceding the election and in the county in which he offers to vote six months next preceding the election
Paragraph IV Qualifications of electors Every citizen of this State shall be entitled to register as an elector and to vote in all elections in said State who is not disqualified under the
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provisions of Section II of Article II of this Constitution and I who possesses the qualifications prescribed in Paragraphs II I and III of this Section or who will possess them at the date of II the election occurring next after his registration and who in 11 addition thereto comes within either of the classes provided for II 1 in the two following subdivisions of this paragraph II
1 All persons who are of good character and understand the II
duties and obligations of citizenship under a republican form II f of government or II i

I 1
2 All persons who can correctly read in the English Ian I guage any paragraph of the Constitution of the United States I or of this State and correctly write the same in the English I language when read to them by any one of the registrars and I all persons who solely because of physical disability are unable I to comply with the above requirements but who can understand I i and give a reasonable interpretation of any paragraph of the I t Constitution of the United States or of this State that may be I e read to them by any one of the registrars
Paragraph V Appeal from decision of registrars Any person I to whom the right of registration is denied by the registrars I upon the ground that he lacks the qualifications set forth in I the two subdivisions of Paragraph IV shall have the right to I take an appeal and any citizen may enter an appeal from the I decision of the registrars allowing any person to register under I 1 said subdivisions All appeals must be filed in writing with the I registrars within ten days from the date of the decision com I plained of and shall be returned by the registrars to the office I of the clerk of the superior court to be tried as other appeals
Paragraph VI Judgment of force pending appeal Pending I an appeal and until the final decision of the case the judgment I of the registrars shall remain in full force 1
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Section II
Paragraph I Registration of electors who disfranchised The General Assembly may provide from time to time for the registration of all electors but the following classes of persons shall not be permitted to register vote or hold any office or appointment of honor or trust in this State towit 1st Those who shall have been convicted in any court of competent jurisdiction of treason against the State of embezzlement of public funds malfeasance in office bribery or larceny or of any crime involving moral turpitude punishable by the laws of this State with imprisonment in the penitentiary unless such persons shall have been pardoned 2nd Idiots and insane persons
Section III
Paragraph I Privilege of electors from arrest Electors shall in all cases except for treason felony larceny and breach of the peace be privileged from arrest during their attendance on elections and in going to and returning from the same
Section IV
Paragraph I Holder of public funds No person who is the holder of any public money contrary to law shall be eligible to any office in this State until the same is accounted for and paid into the Treasury
Section V
Pararaph I Sale of liquors on election days The General Assembly shall by law forbid the sale of intoxicating drinks in this State or any political subdivision thereof on all days for the holding of any election in the area in which such election is held and prescribe punishment for any violation of the same
CONSTITUTION OP THE STATE OF GEORGIA Art 2 Sec 6 Par 1
Section VI
Paragraph I Returns made to whom Returns of election for all civil officers elected by the people who are to be commissioned by the Governor and also for members of the General Assembly shall be made to the Secretary of State unless otherwise provided by law
ARTICLE III
Legislative Department Section I
Paragraph I Power vested in General Assembly The legislative power of the State shall be vested in a General Assembly Which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives
Section II
Pargraph I Number of senators and senatorial districts The Senate shall consist of not more than fiftyfour members and there shall be not more than fiftyfour Senatorial Districts with one Senator from each District as now constituted or as hereafter created The various Senatorial Districts shall be comprised of the counties as now provided and the General Assembly shall have authority to create rearrange and change these Districts within the limitation herein stated
Section III
Paragraph I Number of representatives The House of Representatives shall consist of representatives apportioned among the several counties of the State as follows To the eight counties having the largest population three representatives
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I each to the thirty counties having the next largest population I two representatives each and to the remaining counties one I representative each
Paragraph II Apportionment changed how The above apI portionment shall be changed by the General Assembly at its I first session after each census taken by the United States GovI ernment in accordance with the provisions of Paragraph I of I Section III of this article
Section IV
Paragraph I Term of Members The members of the Genleral Assembly shall be elected for two years and shall serve until the time fixed by law for the convening of the General Assembly in the year following the second year of such members term of office
Paragraph II Election when The first election for members of the General Assembly under this Constitution shall take place on Tuesday after the first Monday in November 1946 and subsequent elections biennially on that day until the day of election is changed by law
Paragraph III Meeting of the General Assembly The General Assembly shall meet in regular session on the second Monday in January 1955 and annually thereafter on the same day until the date shall be changed by law By concurrent resolution adopted by a majority of members elected to both Houses the General Assembly may adjourn any regular session to such later date as it may fix for reconvening in regular session but shall remain in regular session no longer than forty 40 days in the aggregate in each year during the term for which the members were elected All business pending in the Senate or House at the adjournment of any regular session may be considered at any later regular session held in the same year as if there had been no adjournment Nothing
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herein shall be construed to affect the power of the Governor I to convoke the General Assembly in extraordinary session or the duty of the Governor to convene the General Assembly in extraordinary session upon the certificate of threefifths of the I members elected to the Senate and the House of Representa I tives as provided in Article V Section I Paragraph XII of I this Constitution If an impeachment trial is pending at the I end of any regular or extraordinary session the Senate may I continue in session until such trial is completed
Paragraph IV Quorum A majority of each House shall constitute a quorum to transact business but a smaller number may adjourn from day to day and compel the presence of its absent members as each house may provide
Paragraph V Oath of members Each Senator and Repre I sentative before taking his seat shall take the following oath I or affirmation towit I will support the Constitution of this I State and of the United States and on all questions and mea I sures which may come before me I will so conduct myself as I will in my judgment be most conducive to the interests and I prosperity of this State
Paragraph VI Eligibility appointments forbidden No person I holding a military commission or other appointment or office I having any emolument or compensation annexed thereto under I this State or the United States or either of them except Jus I tices of the Peace and officers of the militia nor any defaulter I for public money or for any legal taxes required of him shall I have a seat in either house nor shall any Senator or Repre I
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sentative after his qualification as such be elected by the General Assembly or appointed by the Governor either with or without the advice and consent of the Senate to any office or appointment having any emolument annexed thereto during the time for which he shall have been elected unless he shall first resign his seat provided however that during the term for which he was elected no Senator or Representative shall be appointed to any civil office which has been created during such term
Paragraph VII Removal from district or county effect of The seat of a member of either house shall be vacated on his removal from the district or county from which he was elected
Section V
Paragraph I Qualifications of Senators The Senators shall be citizens of the United States who have attained the age of twentyfive years and who shall have been citizens of this State for four years and for one year residents of the district from which elected
Paragraph II President The presiding officer of the Senate shall be styled the President of the Senate A President Pro Tempore shall be elected viva voce from the Senators and shall act in case of the death resignation or disability of the President or in the event of his succession to the executive power
Paragraph III Impeachments The Senate shall have the sole power to try impeachments
Paragraph IV Trial of impeachments When sitting for that purpose the members shall be on oath or affirmation and shall be presided over by the Chief Justice or the Presiding Justice of the Supreme Court Should the Chief Justice be disqualified the Senate shall select a Justice of the Supreme Court to preside No person shall be convicted without the concurrence of twothirds of the members present
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Paragraph V Judgments in impeachments Judgments in cases of impeachment shall not extend further than removal from office and disqualification to hold and enjoy any office of honor trust or profit within this State but the party convicted shall nevertheless be liable and subject to indictment trial judgment and punishment according to law
Section VI
Paragraph I Qualifications of representatives The Repre1 sentatives shall be citizens of the United States who have at1 tained the age of twentyone years and who shall have been I citizens of this State for two years and for one year residents I of the counties from which elected
Paragraph II Speaker The presiding officer of the House of Representatives shall be styled the Speaker of thei House of Representatives and shall be elected viva voce from the body
Paragraph III Power to impeach The House of Represents1 tives shall have the sole power to vote impeachment charges I against all persons who shall have been or may be in office
Section VII
Paragraph I Election returns etc disorderly conduct Each I House shall be the judge of the election returns and qualifi1 cations of its members and shall have power to punish them I for disorderly behavior or misconduct by censure fine im1 prisonment or expulsion but no member shall be expelled ex1 cept by a vote of twothirds of the House to which he belongs I
Paragraph II Contempts how punished Each House may I punish by imprisonment not extending beyond the session any I person not a member who shall be guilty of a contempt by I any disorderly behavior in its presence or who shall rescue or I attempt to rescue any person arrested by order of either House I
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Pararaph III Privilege of members The members of both Houses shall be free from arrest during their attendance on the General Assembly and in going thereto or returning therefrom except for treason felony larceny or breach of the peace and no member shall be liable to answer in any other place for anything spoken in debate in either House
Paragraph IV Journals and acts Each House shall keep a journal of its proceedings and publish it immediately after its adjournment The General Assembly shall provide for the publication of the laws passed by each session
Paragraph V Where journals kept The original journal shall be preserved after publication in the office of the Secretary of State but there shall be no other record thereof
Paragraph VI Yeas and nays when taken The yeas and nays on any question shall at the desire of onefifth of the members present be entered on the Journal
Paragraph VII Bills to be read Every bill before it shall pass shall be read three times and on three separate days in each House unless in cases of actual invasion or insurrection but the first and second reading of each local bill shall consist of the reading of the title only unless said bill is ordered to be engrossed
Paragraph VIII One subject matter expressed No law shall pass which refers to more than one subject matter or contains matter different from what is expressed in the title thereof
Paragraph IX General appropriations bill The General appropriations bill shall embrace nothing except appropriations fixed by previous laws the ordinary expenses of the Executive Legislative and Judicial Departments of the Government payment of the public debt and interest thereon and for support of the public institutions and educational interests of the State All other appropriations shall be made by separate bills each embracing but one subject
CONSTITUTION OF THE STATE OF GEORGIA Art 3 Sec 7 Par 10

Paragraph X Bills for revenue All bills for raising revenue or appropriating money shall originate in the House of Representatives but the Senate may propose or concur in amendments as in other bills
Paragraph XI Public money how drawn No money shall be drawn from the Treasury except by appropriation made by law
Paragraph XII Bills appropriating money No bill or resolution appropriating money shall become a law unless upon its I passage the yeas and nays in each house are recorded
Paragraph XIII Acts signed rejected bills All acts shall I be signed by the President of the Senate and the Speaker of I the House of Representatives and no bill or resolution intended I to have the effect of a law which shall have been rejected I by either house shall be again proposed during the same session I under the same or any other title without the consent of two I thirds of the House by which the same was rejected
Paragraph XIV Majority of members to pass bill No bill shall become a law unless it shall receive a majority of the votes of all the members elected to each House of the General Assembly and it shall in every instance so appear on the Journal
Paragraph XV Notice of intention to ask local legislation necessary No local or special bill shall be passed unless notice of the intention to apply therefor shall have been published in the newspaper in which the Sheriffs advertisements for the locality affected are published once a week for three weeks during a period of sixty days immediately preceding its introduction into the General Assembly No local or special bill shall become law unless there is attached to and made a part of said I bill a copy of said notice certified by the publisher or accompanied by an affidavit of the author to the effect that said notice has been published as provided by law No office to which
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CONSTITUTION OF THE STATE OF GEORGIA Art 3 Sec 7 Par 15
a person has been elected shall be abolished nor the term of the office shortened or lengthened by local or special bill during the term for which such person was elected unless the same be approved by the people of the jurisdiction affected in a referendum on the question When any local law shall add any member or members to any municipal or county governing authority the members of which are elected by the people such local law must provide that the member or members so added must be elected by the qualified voters of the political subdivision affected under such rules as the General Assembly may in said law provide
Paragraph XVI Statutes and sections of code how amended No law or section of the code shall be amended or repealed by mere reference to its title or to the number of the section of the Code but the amending or repealing act shall distinctively describe the law to be amended or repealed as well as the alteration to be made
Paragraph XVII Corporate powers how granted The General Assembly shall have no power to grant corporate powers and privileges to private companies to make or change election precincts nor to establish bridges or ferries nor to change names of legitimate children but it shall prescribe by law the manner in which such powers shall be exercised by the courts it may confer this authority to grant corporate powers and privileges to private companies to the judges of the superior courts of this State in vacation All corporate powers and privileges to banking trust insurance railroad canal navigation express and telegraph companies shall be issued and granted by the Secretary of State in such manner as shall be prescribed by law and if in any event the Secretary of State should be disqualified to act in any case then in that event the legislature shall provide by general laws by what person such charter shall be granted
Paragraph XVIII Recognizances The General Assembly shall have no power to relieve principals or securities upon for
CONSTITUTION OP THE STATE OF GEORGIA Art 3 Sec 7 Par 18
feited recognizances from the payment thereof either before or after judgment thereon unless the principal in the recognizance shall have been apprehended and placed in the custody of the proper officers
Paragraph XIX Yeas and nays to be entered when Whenever the Constitution requires a vote of twothirds of either or both houses for the passage of an act or resolution the yeas and nays on the passage thereof shall be entered on the Journal
Paragraph XX Powers of the General Assembly The General Assembly shall have the power to make all laws consistent with this Constitution and not repugnant to the Constitution of the United States which they shall deem necessary and proper for the welfare of the State
Paragraph XXI Signature of Governor No provision in this Constitution for a twothirds vote of both houses of the General Assembly shall be construed to waive the necessity for the signature of the Governor as in any other case except in the case of the twothirds vote required to override the veto to submit constitutional amendments and in case of prolongation of a session of the General Assembly
Paragraph XXII Adjournments Neither House shall adjourn for more than three days or to any other place without the consent of the other and in case of disagreement between the two Houses on a question of adjournment the Governor may adjourn either or both of them
Paragraph XXIII Zoning and planning laws The General Assembly of the State shall have authority to grant the governing authorities of the municipalities and counties authority to pass zoning and planning laws whereby such cities or counties may be zoned or districted for various uses and other or different uses prohibited therein and regulating the use for which
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CONSTITUTION OF THE STATE OF GEORGIA Art 3 Sec 7 Par 23
said zones or districts may be set apart and regulating the plans for development and improvements on real estate therein
Paragraph XXIV Civil service equal preference to veterans Neither the State of Georgia nor any political subdivision thereof shall inaugurate or maintain any civil service scheme of any nature whatever which fails to provide for honorably discharged veterans of any war and the said State of Georgia or any political subdivision shall if a civil service scheme is originated or is already in force provide equal preferences accorded to such veterans as now exist under Federal Civil Service Laws
Paragraph XXV Street Railways The General Assembly shall not authorize the construction of any street passenger railway within the limits of any incorporate town or city without the consent of the Corporate Authorities
Section VIII
Paragraph t Officers of the two houses The officers of the two houses other than the President of the Senate and Speaker of the House shall be a President Pro Tempore and Secretary of the Senate and Speaker Pro Tempore and Clerk of the House of Representatives and such assistants as each House may provide for
Section IX
Paragraph I Compensation expense and mileage The per diem of members of the General Assembly shall be 1000 per day plus the additional sum of 500 per day for maintenance expense and the mileage shall not exceed 10 cents for each mile traveled by the nearest practical route in going to and returning from the Capitol but the President Pro Tempore of the Senate when serving as presiding officer thereof and the
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fcnA6r ofthe House of Representatives shall each receive 1500 per day as per diem plus the additional sum of 500 per day for maintenance expense
Section X
v Paragraph I Viva voce vote place of meeting All elections by the General Assembly shall be viva voce and the vote shall appear on the Journal of the House of Representatives When the Senate and House of Representatives unite for the purpose elections they shall meet in the Representative Hall and the President of the Senate shall in such cases preside and declare the result
Section XI
Paragraph I Salaries of elective officials how changed The General Assembly may at any time by a majority vote of both branches prescribe other and different salaries for all of the elective officers provided for in this Constitution but no such change shall affect the officers then in commission
ARTICLE IV
Public Utilities Eminent Domain Police Power Insurance Companies Contracts Etc
Section I
Paragraph I Public utility tariffs and charges The power and authority of regulating railroad freight and passenger tariffs and of charges of public utilities for their services of preventing unjust discriminations and requiring reasonable
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and just rates of freight and passenger tariffs and of charges of public utilities are hereby conferred upon the General Assembly whose duty it shall be to pass laws from time to time to regulate such tariffs and charges to prohibit unjust discriminations by the various railroads and public utilities of this State and to prohibit said railroads and public utilities from charging other than just and reasonable rates and to enforce the same by adequate penalties provided nevertheless that such power and authority shall never be exercised in any way to regulate or fix charges of such public utilities as are or may be owned or operated by any county or municipality of this State except as provided in this Constitution
Paragraph II Rebates No public utility company shall give or pay any rebate or bonus in the nature thereof directly or indirectly or do any act to mislead or deceive the public as to the real rates charged or received for freight or passage or services furnished any such payments shall be illegal and void and these prohibitions shall be enforced by suitable penalties
Section II
Paragraph I Right of eminent domain The exercise of the right of eminent domain shall never be abridged nor so construed as to prevent the General Assembly from taking property and franchises and subjecting them to public use
Paragraph II Police power The exercise of the police power of the State shall never be abridged nor so construed as to permit the conduct of business in such manner as to infringe the equal rights of others or the general wellbeing of the State
Section III
Paragraph I Charters revived or amended subject to Constitution The General Assembly shall not remit the forfeiture
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of the charter of any corporation now existing nor alter or amend the same nor pass any other general or special law for the benefit of said corporation except upon the condition that such corporation shall thereafter hold its charter subject to the provisions of this Constitution and every amendment of any charter of any corporation in this State or any special law for its benefit accepted thereby shall operate as a novation of said charter and shall bring the same under the provision of this Constitution
Section IV
Paragraph I Contracts to defeat competition All contracts and agreements which may have the effect or be intended to have the effect to defeat or lessen competition or to encourage monopoly shall be illegal and void The General Assembly of this State shall have no power to authorize any such contract or agreement
Paragraph II General Assembly to enforce Article The General Assembly shall enforce the provisions of this Article by appropriate legislation
Paragraph III Public Service Commission as constitutional officers There shall be a Public Service Commission for the regulation of utilities vested with the jurisdiction powers and duties now provided by law or that may hereafter be prescribed by the General Assembly not inconsistent with other provisions of this Constitution Such Commission shall consist of five members who shall be elected by the people A chairman shall be selected by the members of the Commission from its membership The first Commission under this amendment shall consist of the commissioners in office at the time of the adoption of this constitutional amendment and they shall serve until December 31st after the general election at which the successor of each member is elected Thereafter all succeeding terms of members shall be for six years The qualifications compensa
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tions filling of vacancies manner and time of election power and duties of members of the Commission including the chairman shall be such as are now or may hereafter be provided by the General Assembly
Section V
Paragraph I Wifes separate estate All property of the wife at the time of her marriage and all property given to inherited or acquired by her shall remain her separate property and not be liable for the debts of her husband
Section VI
Paragraph I Nonresident insurance companies All life insurance companies now doing business in this State or which may desire to establish agencies and do business in the State of Georgia chartered by other States of the Union or foreign States shall show that they have deposited with the Comptroller General of the State in which they are chartered or of this State the Insurance Commissioner or such other officer as may be authorized to receive it not less than one hundred thousand dollars in such securities as may be deemed by such officer equivalent to cash subject to his order as a guarantee fund for the security of policyholders
Paragraph II License by Comptroller General When such showing is made to the Comptroller General of the State of Georgia by a proper certificate from the State official having charge of the funds so deposited the Comptroller General of the State of Georgia is authorized to issue to the company making such showing a license to do business in the State upon paying the fees required by law
Paragraph III Resident insurance companies guarantee fund All life insurance companies chartered by the State of Georgia or which may hereafter be chartered by the State
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shall before doing business deposit with the Comptroller General of the State of Georgia or with some strong corporation which may be approved by said Comptroller General one hundred thousand dollars in such securities as may be deemed by him equivalent to cash to be subject to his order as a guarantee fund for the security of the policyholders of the company making such deposit all interest and dividends from such securities to be paid when due to the company so depositing Any such securities as may be needed or desired by the company may be taken from said department at any time by replacing them with other securities equally acceptable to the Comptroller General whose certificate for the same shall be furnished to the company
Paragraph IV General Assembly to enact laws for peoples protection etc The General Assembly shall from time to time enact laws to compel all fire insurance companies doing business in this State whether chartered by this State or otherwise to deposit reasonable securities with the Treasurer of this State to secure the people against loss by the operations of said companies
Paragraph V Reports by insurance companies The General Assembly shall compel all insurance companies in this State or doing business therein under proper penalties to make annual reports to the Comptroller General and print the same at their own expense for the information and protection of the people
ARTICLE V
Executive Department Section I
Paragraph I Governor Term of Office Salary etc The executive power shall be vested in a Governor who shall hold his office during the term of four years and until his successor shall be chosen and qualified The Governor serving at the time
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of the adoption of this Constitution and future Governors shall not be eligible to succeed themselves and shall not be eligible to hold the office until after the expiration of four years from the conclusion of his term of office He shall have a salary of seven thousand five hundred dollars per annum until January 1 1947 The salary of the Governor for each year thereafter shall be twelve thousand dollars per annum until otherwise provided by a law passed by a majority vote of both branches of the General Assembly which shall not be increased or diminished during the period for which he shall have been elected nor shall he receive within that time any other emolument from the United States or either of them or from any foreign power The State officers required by this Constitution to be elected at the same time for the same term and in the same manner as the Governor shall also hold office for four years
Paragraph II Election for Governor The first election for Governor under this Constitution shall be held on Tuesday after the first Monday in November of 1946 and the Governorelect shall be installed in office at the next session of the General Assembly An election shall take place quadrennially thereafter on said date until another date be fixed by the General Assembly Said election shall be held at the places of holding general elections in the several counties of this State in the manner prescribed for the election of members of the General Assembly and the electors shall be the same
Paragraph III Returns of elections The returns for every election of Governor shall be sealed up by the managers separately from other returns and directed to the President of the Senate and Speaker of the House of Representatives and transmitted to the Secretary of State who shall without opening said returns cause the same to be laid before the Senate on the day after the two houses shall have been organized and they shall be transmitted by the Senate to the House of Representatives
Paragraph IV How returns published The members of each branch of the General Assembly shall convene in the Represen
CONSTITUTION OP THE STATE OF GEORGIA Art 5 Sec 1 Par 4
tative Hall and the President of the Senate and Speaker of the House of Representatives shall open and publish the returns in the presence and under the direction of the General Assembly and the person having the majority of the whole number of votes shall be declared duly elected Governor of this State but if no person shall have such majority then from the two persons VaTin8 the hjghest number of votes who shall be in life and shall not decline an election at the time appointed for the General Assembly to elect the General Assembly shall immediately elect a Governor viva voce and in all cases of election of a Governor by the General Assembly a majority of the members present shall be necessary to a choice
Paragraph V Contested elections Contested elections shall be determined by both houses of the General Assembly in such manner as shall be prescribed by law
Paragraph VI Qualifications of Governor No person shall be eligible to the office of Governor who shall not have been a citizen of the United States fifteen years and a citizen of the State six years and who shall not have attained the age of thirty years
Paragraph VII Lieutenant Governor Succession to executive power There shall be a Lieutenant Governor who shall be elected at the same time for the same term and in the same manner as the Governor He shall be President of the Senate and shall receive the sum of 2000 per annum In case of the death resignation or disability of the Governor the Lieutenant Governor shall exercise the executive power and receive the compensation of the Governor until the next general election for members of the General Assembly at which a successor to the Governor shall be elected for the unexpired term but if such death resignation or disability shall occur within thirty days of the next general election or if the term will expire within ninety days after the next general election the Lieutenant Governor shall exercise the executive power and receive che compensation of the Governor for the unexpired term If
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the Lieutenant Governor shall become a candidate for the unexpired term of the Governor he shall thereby resign his office as Lieutenant Governor effective upon the qualification of the Governor elected for the unexpired term and his successor for the unexpired term shall be elected at such election In case of the death resignation or disability of both the Governor and the Lieutenant Governor the Speaker of the House of Representatives shall exercise the executive power until the removal of the disability or the election and qualification of a Governor at a special election which shall be held within sixty days from the date on which the Speaker of the House of Representatives shall assume the executive power A Lieutenant Governor shall be elected at the general election in 1946 and shall qualify at the same time as the Governor Until the qualification of a Lieutenant Governor the provisions of Article V Section I Paragraph VIII of the Constitution of Georgia of 1877 shall remain of full force and effect
Paragraph VIII Unexpired terms filling of The General Assembly shall have power to provide by law for filling unexpired terms by special elections except as provided in this Constitution
Paragraph IX Oath of office The Governor shall before he enters on the duties of his office take the following oath or affirmation I do solemnly swear or affirm as the case may be that I will faithfully execute the office of Governor of the State of Georgia and will to the best of my ability preserve protect and defend the Constitution thereof and the Constitution of the United States of America
Paragraph X Commanderinchief The Governor shall be commanderinchief of the army and navy of this State and of the militia thereof
Paragraph XI Reprieves and pardons State Board of Pardons and Paroles The Governor shall have power to suspend the execution of a sentence of death after conviction for of
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fenses against the State until the State Board of Pardons and Paroles hereinafter provided shall have an opportunity of hearing the application of the convicted person for any relief within the power of such Board or for any other purpose which may be deemed necessary by the Governor Upon conviction for treason the Governor may only suspend the execution of the sentence and report the case to the General Assembly at the next meeting thereof when the General Assembly shall either pardon commute the sentence direct its execution or grant a further reprieve The Governor shall at each session of the General Assembly communicate to that body each case of suspension of sentense stating the name of the convict the offense for which he was convicted the sentence and its date the date of the reprieve or suspension and the reasons for granting the same He shall take care that the laws are faithfully executed and shall be a conservator of the peace throughout the State There shall be a State Board of Pardons and Paroles composed of three members who shall be appointed by the Governor and confirmed by the Senate Appointments made at times when the Senate is not in session shall be effective ad interim The first members shall be appointed for terms of three five and seven years respectively to be designated by the Governor and all subsequent appointments shall be for a period of seven years except in case of an unexpired term The Governor shall not be a member of the State Board of Pardons and Paroles The members of the State Board of Pardons and Paroles shall each receive an annual salary of 500000 payable monthly The State Board of Pardons and Paroles shall have power to grant reprieves pardons and paroles to commute penalties remove disabilities imposed by law and may remit any part of a sentence for any offense against the State after conviction except in cases of treason or impeachment and except in cases in which the Governor refuses to suspend a sentence of death Provided that such board shall act on all applications within 90 days from the filing of same and in all cases a majority shall decide the action of the Board Except if any member for any
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cause is unable to serve in any case involving capital punishment the Governor shall act as the third member of said Board and the action so taken in such instance shall be by unanimous vote The State Board of Pardons and Paroles shall at each session of the General Assembly communicate to that body in full detail each case of pardon parole commutation removal of disabilities or remission of sentences granted stating the name of the convict the offense for which he was convicted the sentence and its date the date of the pardon parole commutation removal of disabilities or remission of sentence and the reasons for granting the same and the State Board of Pardons and Paroles may make rules and regulations as may be authorized by law The first Board of Pardons and Paroles under this provision may be those in office under an act of the General Assembly creating such a Board existing at the time of the adoption of this amendment which if so existing shall be in lieu of such a Board to be created by the General Assembly subsequent to the adoption of this amendment and which Board shall have all the rights privileges powers and duties the same as if it was so subsequently created and the terms of members of such Board shall date from the time specified in the existing Act of the General Assembly The General Assembly may enact laws in aid of but not inconsistent with this amendment
Paragraph XII Writs of election called sessions of the General Assembly The Governor shall issue writs of election to fill all vacancies that may happen in the Senate and the House of Representatives and shall give the General Assembly from time to time information of the State of the Commonwealth and recommend to their consideration such measures as he may deem necessary or expedient The Governor shall have power to convoke the General Assembly on extraordinary occasions but no law shall be enacted at called sessions of the General Assembly except such as shall relate to the object stated in his proclamation convening them Providing that such called sessions of the General Assembly shall not exceed 70 days in length unless at the expiration of said period there shall be
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pending an impeachment trial of some officer of the State Government m which event the General Assembly will be authorized to remain in session until such trial shall have been completed
Provided however that when threefifths of the members elected to the House of Representatives and threefifths of the members elected to the Senate shall have certified to the Governor of the State of Georgia that in their opinion an emergency exists in the affairs of the State of Georgia it shall thereupon be the duty of said Governor and mandatory upon him within live days from the receipt of such certificate or certificates to convene said General Assembly in extraordinary session for all purposes and in the event said Governor shall within said time Sundays excluded fail or refuse to convene said General Assembly as aforesaid then and in that event said General Assembly may convene itself in extraordinary session as if convened in regular session for all purposes provided that such extraordinary self convened session shall be limited to a period of 30 days unless at the expiration of said period there shall be pending an impeachment trial of some officer of the State Government in which event the General Assembly shall be authorized to remain in session until such trial shall have been completed
The members of the General Assembly shall receive the same per diem and mileage during such extraordinary session as is now or may be hereafter provided
Paragraph XIII Filling vacancies When any office shall become vacant by death resignation or otherwise the Governor shall have power to fill such vacancy unless otherwise provided by law and persons so appointed shall continue in office until a successor is commissioned agreeably to the mode pointed out by this Constitution or by laws in pursuance thereof
Paragraph XIV Appointments rejected A person once re
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jected by the Senate shall not be reappointed by the Governor to the same office during the same session or the recess thereafter
Paragraph XV Governors veto The Governor shall have the revision of all bills passed by the General Assembly before the same shall become laws but twothirds of each house may pass a law notwithstanding his dissent and if any bills should not be returned by the Governor within five days Sunday excepted after it has been presented to him the same shall be a law unless the General Assembly by their adjournment shall prevent its return in which event the Governor shall have thirty days Sundays excepted from the date of adjournment in which to approve the same and if not approved within that time the same shall not become a law He may approve any appropriation and disapprove any other appropriation in the same bill and the latter shall not be effectual unless passed by twothirds of each House
Paragraph XVI Governor to approve resolutions etc Every vote resolution or order to which the concurrence of both houses may be necessary except on a question of election or adjournment shall be presented to the Governor and before it shall take effect be approved by him or being disapproved shall be repassed by twothirds of each house provided however that nothing contained in this Article shall be construed to confer on the Governor the right to veto or enter his disapproval of any proposal made by the General Assembly to amend this Constitution
Paragraph XVII Information from officers and employees suspension of officers The Governor may require information in writing from Constitutional officers department heads and all State employees on any subject relating to the duties of their respective offices or employment The General Assembly shall have authority to provide by law for the suspension of any Constitutional officer or department head from the discharge of the duties of his office and also for the appointment of a suitable person to discharge the duties of the same
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Section II
Other Executive Officers
Paragraph L Executive Officers How Elected The Secretary of State Attorney General State School Superintendent Comptroller General Treasurer Commissioner of Agriculture and Commissioner of Labor shall be elected by the persons qualified to vote for members of the General Assembly at the same time and in the same manner as the Governor The provisions of the Constitution as to the transmission of the returns of the election counting the votes declaring the results deciding when there is no election and when there is a contested election applicable to the election of Governor shall apply to the election of the above named executive officers they shall be commissioned by the Governor and hold their offices for the same time as the Governor
Paragraph II Duties Authority and Salaries of Other Executive Officers The General Assembly shall have power to prescribe the duties authority and salaries of the executive officers and to provide help and expenses necessary for the operation of the department of each
Paragraph III Profit From Use of Public Money No State official shall be allowed directly or indirectly to receive any fee interest or reward from any person bank or corporation for the deposit or use in any manner of the public funds and the General Assembly shall enforce this provision by suitable penalties
Paragraph IV Qualifications No person shall be eligible to the office of the Secretary of State Attorney General State School Superintendent Comptroller General Treasurer Commissioner of Agriculture and Commissioner of Labor unless he shall have been a citizen of the United States for ten years and shall
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ha
have resided in this State for six years next preceding his election and shall be twentyfive years of age when elected All of said officers shall give bond and security under regulation to be prescribed by law for the faithful discharge of their duties
Paragraph V Fees and Perquisites Denied No State official named in Paragraph I of this Section shall be allowed any fee perquisite or compensation other than their salaries as prescribed by law except their necessary expenses when absent from the seat of government on business for the State
Section III
Paragraph I Great seal what constitutes custody when affixed to instruments The great seal of the State shall be deposited in the office of the Secretary of State and shall not be affixed to any instrument of writing except by order of the Governor or General Assembly and that now in use shall be the great seal of the State until otherwise provided by law
Section IY
Paragraph I Game and Fish Commission There is hereby created a State Game and Fish Commission Said Commission shall consist of one member from each Congressional District in this State and one additional member from one of the following named counties towit Chatham Bryan Liberty McIntosh Glynn or Camden The first members of the Commission shall consist of those in office at the time this Constitution is adopted with terms provided by law Thereafter all succeeding appointments shall be made by the Governor and confirmed by the Senate for a term of seven years from the expiration of the previous term All members of the Commission shall hold office until their successors are appointed and qualified Vacancies in office shall be filled by appointment of the Governor and submitted to the Senate for confirmation at the
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next session of the General Assembly after the making of the appointment
The Commission shall have such powers authority duties and shall receive such compensation and expenses as may be delegated or provided for by the General Assembly
Section V
State Board of Corrections
Paragraph I State Board of Corrections How Composed Director There shall be a State Board of Corrections composed five members in charge of the State Penal System The Board shall have such jurisdiction powers duties and control of the State Penal System and the inmates thereof as shall be provided by law The Board shall elect a Director of Corrections who shall be the executive officer of the Board The Board of Corrections shall be appointed by the Governor with the consent of the Senate The first appointment shall be for terms of one two three four and five years and their successors shall be appointed for terms of five years each The compensation of the Director and members of the Board shall be fixed by law
Section VI
State Department of Veterans Service
Paragraph I Veterans Service Board How Composed Director There shall be a State Department of Veterans Service and Veterans Service Board composed of seven members who shall have such control duties powers and jurisdiction of the
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State Department of Veterans Service as shall be provided by law Said Board shall appoint a director who shall be the executive officer of the Department Members of the Board shall be appointed by the Governor with the advice and consent of the Senate and all members of the Board and the Director shall be veterans of some war in which the United States has engaged
The first appointments shall be for terms of one two three four five six and seven years Thereafter all terms and appointments except in case of vacancy shall be for seven years Vacancies shall be filled by appointment of the Governor
ARTICLE VI
Judiciary Section I
Paragraph I Courts Enumerated The judicial powers of this State shall be vested in a Supreme Court a Court of Appeals Superior Courts Courts of Ordinary Justices of the Peace Notaries Public who are exofficio Justices of the Peace and such other Courts as have been or may be established by law
Section II
Paragraph I Supreme Court Justices Quorum The Supreme Court shall consist of seven associate justices who shall from time to time as they may deem proper elect one of their member as Chief Justice and one as Presiding Justice the office of Chief Justice as it has heretofore existed under this Constitution being hereby converted into the office of an associate justice with the same right of incumbency and the same suc
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cession as to terms as applied to the former office The Chief Justice so elected by the other Justices shall be the chief presiding and administrative officer of the court and the Presiding Justice elected in like manner shall perform all the duties devolving upon the Chief Justice when he is absent or disqualified A majority of the court shall constitute a quorum
Paragraph II Court to Designate Judges to Preside When Means for Supreme Court to Prevent Delay in Congested Dockets When one or more of the justices of the Supreme Court are disqualified from deciding any case by interest or otherwise the qualified Justices shall designate a judge or judges of the Superior Court to preside in said case provided that if all the justices are disqualified they or a majority of them shall despite their disqualifications select seven judges of the superior court to preside in the cause but they shall make such selections by lot and in open court from not less than twelve names of such superior court judges
Paragraph III Terms of Office The Justices aforesaid shall hold their offices for six years and until their successors are qualified They shall be elected by the people at the same time and in the same manner as members of the General Assembly provided that the successors to the two incumbents whose terms will expire on December 31 1946 shall be elected for the succeeding terms at the time of electing members of the General Assembly during that year successors to the two incumbents whose terms will expire on December 31 1948 shall be elected in like manner during that year successors to the two incumbents whose terms will expire on December 31 1950 shall be elected in like manner during that year and provided further that an additional or seventh Justice shall be immediately appointed by the Governor his tenure under such appointment to expire on December 31 1946 and his successor for the ensuing regular term of six years to be elected at the time and in the manner aforesaid at such general election to be held during that year and all terms except unexpired terms shall be for six years
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In case of any vacancy which causes an unexpired term the same shall be filled by executive appointment and the person appointed by the Governor shall hold his office until the next regular election and until his successor for the balance of the unexpired term shall have been elected and qualified The returns of such elections shall be made to the Secretary of State who shall certify the result to the Governor and commission shall issue accordingly
Paragraph IV Jurisdiction of Supreme Court The Supreme Court shall have no original jurisdiction but shall be a court alone for the trial and correction of errors of law from the superior courts and the city courts of Atlanta and Savannah as existed on August 16 1916 and such other like courts as have been or may hereafter be established in other cities in all cases that involve the construction of the Constitution of the State of Georgia or of the United States or of treaties between the United States and foreign governments in all cases in which the constitutionality of any law of the State of Georgia or of the United States is drawn in question and until otherwise provided by law in all cases respecting title to land in all equity cases in all cases which involve the validity of or the construction of wills in all cases of conviction of a capital felony in all habeas corpus cases in all cases involving extraordinary remedies in all divorce and alimony cases and in all cases certified to it by the Court of Appeals for its determination It shall also be competent for the Supreme Court to require by certiorari or otherwise any case to be certified to the Supreme Court from the Court of Appeals for review and determination with the same power and authority as if the case had been carried by writ of error to the Supreme Court Any case carried to the Supreme Court or to the Court of Appeals which belongs to the class of which the other court has jurisdiction shall until otherwise provided by law be transferred to the other court under such rules as the Supreme Court may prescribe and the cases so transferred shall be heard and determined by the court which has jurisdiction thereof The General
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Assembly may provide for carrying cases or certain classes of cases to the Supreme Court and the Court of Appeals from the trial courts otherwise than by writ of error and may prescribe conditions as to the right of a party litigant to have his case reviewed by the Supreme Court or Court of Appeals The Supreme Court shall also have jurisdiction of and shall decide cases transferred to it by the Court of Appeals because of an equal division between the judges of that Court when sitting as a body for the determination of cases
Paragraph V Cases how disposed of The Supreme Court and the Court of Appeals shall dispose of every case at the term for which it is entered on the courts docket for hearing as provided by Paragraph VIII of this Article and Section or at the next term If the plaintiff in error shall not be prepared to prosecute the case at the term for which it is so entered for hearing unless prevented by providential cause it shall be stricken from the docket and the judgment below shall stand affirmed No writ of error shall be dismissed because of delay in transmission of the bill of exceptions and the copy of the record or either of them resulting from the default of the clerk or other cause unless it shall appear that the plaintiff in error or his counsel caused such delay Nothing herein shall be construed to excuse the clerk for any ommission of duty or to relieve him of any liability resulting therefrom
Paragraph VI Judgments may be withheld In any case the Court may in its discretion withhold its judgment until the next term after the same is argued
Paragraph VII The Supreme Court how cases to be heard and determined The Supreme Court shall have power to hear and determine cases when sitting in a body under such regulations as may be prescribed by it
Paragraph VIII Court of Appeals The Court of Appeals shall consist of the Judges provided therefor by law at the
CONSTITUTION OF THE STATE OF GEORGIA Art 6 Sec 2 Par 8
time of the ratification of this amendment and of such additional Judges as the General Assembly shall from time to time prescribe All terms of the Judges of the Court of Appeals after the expiration of the terms of the Judges provided for by law at the time of the ratification of this amendment except unexpired terms shall continue six years and until their successors are qualified The times and manner of electing Judges and the mode of filling a vacancy which causes an unexpired term shall be the same as are or may be provided for by the laws relating to the election and appointment of Justices of the Supreme Court The Court of Appeals shall have jurisdiction for the trial and correction of errors of law from the superior courts and from the City Courts of Atlanta and Savannah as they existed on August 19 1916 and such other like courts as have been or may hereafter be established in other cities in all cases in which such jurisdiction has not been conferred by this Constitution upon the Supreme Court and in such other cases as may hereafter be prescribed by law except that where a case is pending in the Court of Appeals and the Court of Appeals desires instruction from the Supreme Court it may certify the same to the Supreme Court and thereupon a transcript of the record shall be transmitted to the Supreme Court which after having afforded to the parties an opportunity to be heard thereon shall instruct the Court of Appeals on the question so certified and the Court of Appeals shall be bound by the instruction so given But if by reason of equal division of opinion among the Justices of the Supreme Court no such instruction is given the Court of Appeals may decide the question The manner of certifying questions to the Supreme Court by the Court of Appeals and the subsequent proceedings in regard to the same in the Supreme Court shall be as the Supreme Court shall by its rules prescribe until otherwise provided by law No affirmance of the judgment of the court below in cases pending in the Court of Appeals shall result from delay in disposing of questions or cases certified from the Court of Appeals to the Supreme Court or as to which such certificate
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has been required by the Supreme Court as hereinbefore provided All writs of error in the Supreme Court or the Court of Appeals when received by its clerk during a term of the Court and before the docket of the term is by order of the Court closed shall be entered thereon and when received at any other time shall be entered on the docket of the next term and they shall stand for hearing at the term for which they are so entered under such rules as the Court may prescribe until otherwise provided by law the Court of Appeals shall appoint a clerk and a sheriff of the court The reporter of the Supreme Court shall be reporter of the Court of Appeals until otherwise provided by law The laws relating to the Supreme Court as to qualification and salaries of Judges the designation of other Judges to preside when members of the Court are disqualified the powers duties salaries fees and terms of officers the mode of carrying cases to the Court the powers practice procedure times of sitting and costs of the Court the publication of reports of cases decided therein and in all other respects except as otherwise provided in this Constitution or by the laws as to the Court of Appeals at the time of the ratification of this amendment and until otherwise provided by law shall apply to the Court of Appeals so far as they can be made to apply The decisions of the Supreme Court shall bind the Court of Appeals as precedents The Court of Appeals shall have power to hear and determine cases when sitting in a body except as may be otherwise provided by the General Assembly
In the event of an equal division of judges on any case when the Court is sitting as a body the case shall be immediately transferred to the Supreme Court
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Section III Superior Courts
Paragraph I Terms etc of Superior Court Judges There shall be a judge of the Superior Courts for each judicial circuit whose term of office shall be for four years and until his successor is qualified He may act in other circuits when authorized by law The legislature shall have authority to add one or more additional judges of the superior court for any judicial circuit in this State and shall have authority to regulate the manner in which the judges of such circuits shall dispose of the business thereof and shall fix the time at which the term or terms of office of such additional judge or judges shall begin and the manner of his appointment or election and shall have authority from time to time to add to the number of such judges in any judicial circuit or to reduce the number of judges in any judicial circuit provided that at all times there shall be at least one judge in every judicial circuit of this State
Paragraph II Elections when to be held The successors to the present and subsequent incumbents shall be elected by the electors of the whole State entitled to vote for members of the General Assembly at the general election held for such members next preceding the expiration of their respective terms
Paragraph III Terms begin when The terms of the judges to be elected under the Constitution except to fill vacancies shall begin on the first day of January after their elections Every vacancy occasioned by death resignation or other causes shall be filled by appointments of the Governor until the first day of January after the general election held next after the expiration of thirty days from time such vacancy occurs at which election a successor for the unexpired terra shall be elected
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Section IV
Paragraph I Exclusive jurisdiction The Superior Courts shall have exclusive jurisdiction in cases of divorce in criminal cases where the offender is subjected to loss of life or confinement in the penitentiary in cases respecting titles to land and equity cases
Paragraph II Equity may be merged in common law courts The General Assembly may confer upon the Courts of common law all the powers heretofore exercised by Courts of equity in this State
Paragraph III General jurisdiction Said Courts shall have jurisdiction in all civil cases except as hereinafter provided
Paragraph IV Appellate jurisdiction They shall have appellate jurisdiction in all such cases as may be provided by law
Paragraph V Certiorari mandamus etc They shall have power to correct errors in inferior judicatories by writ of certiorari which shall only issue on the sanction of the Judge and said Courts and the judges thereof shall have power to issue writs of mandamus prohibition scire facias and all other writs that may be necessary for carrying their powers fully into effect and shall have such other powers as are or may be conferred on them by law
Paragraph VI New trials The Superior and City Courts may grant new trials on legal grounds
Paragraph VII Judgment of the court The Court shall render judgment without the verdict of a jury in all civil cases except actions ex delicto where no issuable defense is filed except as otherwise provided in this Constitution and subject to the right of trial by a jury on written demand of either party
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Paragraph VIII Sessions The Superior Courts shall sit in each county not less than twice in each year at such times as have been or may be appointed by law The judges of said Courts may on reasonable notice to the parties at any time in vacation at chambers hear and determine by interlocutory or final judgment any matter or issue where a jury verdict is not required or may be waived
Paragraph IX Presiding judge disqualified The General Assembly may provide by law for the appointment of some proper person to preside in cases where the presiding judge is from any cause disqualified
Section V
Paragraph I Judges of superior and city courts may alternate when In any county within which there is or hereafter may be a city Court the Judge of said Court and of the Superior Court may preside in the Courts of each other in cases where the judge of either Court is disqualified to preside
Section VI
Paragraph I Appeals from Ordinary The powers of a Court of Ordinary and of Probate shall be vested in an Ordinary for each county from whose decision there may be an appeal or by consent of parties without a decision to the Superior Court under regulations prescribed by law
Paragraph II Powers The Courts of Ordinary shall have such powers in relation to roads bridges ferries public buildings paupers county officers county funds county taxes and other county matters as may be conferred on them by law
The Court of Ordinary shall have jurisdiction to issue warrants try cases and impose sentences thereon in all misdemeanor cases arising under the Act known as the Georgia
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State Highway Patrol Act of 1937 and other traffic laws and in all cases arising under the Compulsory School Attendance law in all counties of this State in which there is no city or county court provided the defendant waives a jury trial Like jurisdiction is also conferred upon the judges of the police courts of incorporated cities and municipal court judges for offense arising under the Act known as the Georgia State Highway Patrol Act of 1937 and other traffic laws of the State within their respective jurisdiction
Paragraph III Term of office The Ordinary shall hold his office for the term of four years hnd until his successor is elected and qualified
Section VII
Justices op the Peace
Paragraph I Number and Term of Office There shall be in each militia district one justice of the peace whose official term except when elected to fill an unexpired term shall be for four years Provided however that the General Assembly may in its discretion abolish justice courts and the office of justice of the peace and of notary public exofficio justice of the peace in any city of this State having a population of over twenty thousand and establish in lieu thereof such court or courts or system of courts as the General Assembly may in its discretion deem necessary conferring upon such new court or courts or system of courts when so established the jurisdiction as to subject matter now exercised by justice courts and by justices of the peace and notaries public exofficio justices of the peace together with such additional jurisdiction either as to amount or subjectmatter as may be provided by law whereof some other court has not exclusive jurisdiction under this Constitution together with such provision as to rules and pro
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cedure in such courts as to new trials and the correction of errors in and by said courts and with such further provision for the correction of errors by the Superior Court or Court of Appeals or the Supreme Court as the General Assembly may from time to time in its discretion provide or authorize Any court so established shall not be subject to the rules of uniformity laid down in Paragraph I of Section IX of Article VI of the Constitution of Georgia Provided however that the General Assembly may in its discretion abolish justice courts the the office of justice of the peace and notary public exofficio justice of the peace in any county in this State having within its borders a city having a population of over twenty thousand and as well in the County of Glynn and establish in lieu thereof such court or courts or system of courts as the General Assembly may in its discretion deem necessary or conferring upon existing courts by extension of their jurisdiction as to subject matter now exercised by justice courts and by justices of the peace and notaries public exofficio justices of the peace together with such additional jurisdiction either as to amount or to subjectmatter as may be provided by law whereof some other court has not exclusive jurisdiction under this Constitution together also with such provisions as to rules and procedure in such courts and as to new trials and the correction of errors in and by said courts and with such further provision for the correction of errors by the superior court or the Court of Appeals or the Supreme Court as the General Assembly may from time to time in its discretion provide or authorize The civil court of Fulton County shall have jurisdiction in Fulton County and outside the city limits of Atlanta either concurrently with or supplemental to or in lieu of justice courts as may be now or hereafter provided by law Any court so established shall not be subject to the rules of uniformity laid down in Paragraph I of Section IX of Article VI of the Constitution of Georgia
Paragraph II Jurisdiction Justices of the peace shall have jurisdiction in all civil cases arising ex contractu and in cases
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of injury or damage to and conversion of personal property when the principal sum does not exceed two hundred dollars and shall sit monthly at fixed times and places but in all cases there may be an appeal to a jury in said court or an appeal to the Superior Court under such regulations as may be prescribed by law
Paragraph III Elections and commissions Justices of the peace shall be elected by the legal voters in their respective districts and shall be commissioned by the Governor They shall be removable on conviction for malpractice in office
Section VIII
Notaries Public
Paragraph I Appointment number term removal Commissioned notaries public not to exceed one for each militia district may be appointed by the judges of the superior courts in their respective circuits upon recommendation of the grand juries of the several counties They shall be commissioned by the Governor for the term of four years and shall be exofficio justices of the peace and shall be removable on conviction for malpractice in office
Section IX
Uniformity of Courts
Paragraph I Uniformity provided for Except as otherwise provided in this Constitution the jurisdiction powers proceedings and practice of all courts or officers invested with judicial powers except City Courts of the same grade or class so far
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as regulated by law and the force and effect of the process judgment and decree by such courts severally shall be uniform This uniformity must be established by the General Assembly and in case of City Courts may be established by the General Assembly
Section X
Attorney General
Paragraph I Election term of office There shall be an Attorney General of this State who shall be elected by the people at the same time for the same term and in the same manner as the Governor
Paragraph II Duties It shall be the duty of the Attorney General to act as the legal adviser of the Executive Department to represent the State in the Supreme Court in all Capital felonies and in all Civil and Criminal Cases in any Court when required by the Governor and to perform such other services as shall be required of him by law
Section XI
Solicitors General
Paragraph I Number term of office vacancies There shall be a solicitor general for each judicial circuit whose official term except to fill a vacancy shall be four years The successors of present and subsequent incumbents shall be elected by the electors of the whole State qualified to vote for members of the General Assembly at the general election held next pre
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ceding the expiration of their respective terms Every vacancy occasioned by death resignation or other cause shall be filled by appointment of the Governor until the first day of January after the general election held next after the expiration of 30 days from the time such vacancy occurs at which election a successor for the unexpired term shall be elected
Paragraph II Duties It shall be the duty of the Solicitor General to represent the State in all cases in the Superior Courts of his Circuit and in all cases taken up from the Superior Courts of his Circuit to the Supreme Court and Court of Appeals and to perform such other services as shall be required of him by law
Section XII
Salaries of Justices Judges and Solicitors General Paragraph I Salaries of Justices Judges and Solicitors General The Justices of the Supreme Court each shall have out of the treasury of the State salaries of 8000 per annum the Judges of the Court of Appeals each shall have out of the treasury of the State salaries of 8000 per annum the Judges of the Superior Courts each shall have out of the treasury of the State salaries of 6000 per annum and the Solicitors General shall each have out of the treasury of the State a salary of 25000 per annum with the right of the General Assembly to authorize any county to supplement the salary of a judge of the Superior Court and Solicitor General of the Judicial Circuit in which such county lies out of county funds provided however where such salary is at the time of the adoption of this Constitution being supplemented out of county funds under existing laws such laws shall remain in force until altered by the General Assembly Provided further that the Board of County Commissioners of Richmond County or the Ordinary or such other board or person as may from time to time have charge of the fiscal affairs of said county shall without further legislative action continue to supplement from said
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Countys treasury the salary of the Judge of Superior Court of the circuit of which the said County of Richmond is a part by the sum of Two Thousand 2000 Dollars per annum which shall be in addition to the amount received by said judge out of the State treasury and such payments are declared to be a part of the court expenses of said County and such payment shall be made to the judge now in office during his present or subsequent terms as well as to his successors with the authority in the General Assembly to increase such salary from the County treasury as above provided
Paragraph II Powers to abolish or reinstate fees of Solicitor General The General Assemblyshall have power at any time by a majority vote of each branch to abolish the fees at present accruing to the office of solicitor general in any particular judicial circuit and in lieu thereof to prescribe a salary for such office without regard to the uniformity of such salaries in the various circuits and shall have the further power to determine what disposition shall be made of the fines forfeitures and fees accruing to the office of solicitor general in any such judicial circuit where the fees are abolished and likewise shall have the further power if it so desires to abolish such salary and reestablish such fees but in either event when so changed the change shall not become effective until the end of the term to which the solicitor general was elected
Section XIII
Qualifications of Justices Judges Etc
Paragraph I Age citizenship practice of law No person shall be Justice of the Supreme Court Court of Appeals Judge of Superior Courts or Attorney General unless at the time of his election he shall have attained the age of thirty years
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and shall have been a citizen of the State three years and have practiced law for seven years and no person shall be hereafter elected Solicitor General unless at the time of his election he shall have attained twentyfive years of age shall have been a citizen of the State for three years and shall have practiced law for three years next preceding his election
Section XIV
Venue
Paragraph L Divorce cases Divorce cases shall be brought in the county where the defendant resides if a resident of this state if the defendant be not a resident of this state then in the county in which the plaintiff resides provided that any person who has been a resident of any United States Army Post or military reservation within the State of Georgia for one year next preceding the filing of the petition may bring an action for divorce in any county adjacent to said United States Army Post or military reservation
Paragraph II Land titles Cases respecting titles to land shall be tried in the county where the land lies except where a single tract is divided by a county line in which case the Superior Court of either county shall have jurisdiction
Paragraph III Equity cases Equity cases shall be tried in the county where a defendant resides against whom substantial relief is prayed
Paragraph IV Suits against joint obligors copartners etc Suits against joint obligors joint promissors copartners or joint trespassers residing in different counties may be tried in either county
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Paragraph V Suits against maker endorser etc Suits against the maker and endorser of promissory notes or drawer acceptor and endorser of foreign or inland bills of exchange or like instruments residing in different counties shall be brought in the county where the maker or acceptor resides
Paragraph VI All other cases All other civil cases shall be tried in the county where the defendant resides and all criminal cases shall be tried in the county where the crime was committed except cases in the Superior Courts where the Judge is satisfied that an impartial jury cannot be obtained in such county
Section XV
Change of Venue
Paragraph I Power to change venue The power to change the venue in civil and criminal cases shall he vested in the Superior Courts to be exercised in such manner as has been or shall be provided by law
Section XVI
Jury Trial
Paragraph I Right of trial by jury The right of trial by jury except where it is otherwise provided in this Constitution shall remain inviolate but the General Assembly may prescribe any number not less than five to constitute a trial or traverse jury except in the Superior Court
Paragraph II Selection of jurors The General Assembly shall provide by law for the selection of the most experienced
CONSTITUTION OP THE STATE OF GEORGIA Art 6 Sec 16 Par 2
intelligent and upright men to serve as grand jurors and intelligent and upright men to serve as traverse jurors Nevertheless the grand jurors shall be competent to serve as traverse jurors The General Assembly shall have the power to require jury service of women also under such regulations as the General Assembly may prescribe
Paragraph III Compensation of jurors It shall be the duty of the General Assembly by general laws to prescribe the manner of fixing compensation of jurors in all counties in this State
Section XVII
County Commissioners
Paragraph I Power to create County Commissioners The General Assembly shall have power to provide for the creation of county commissioners in such counties as may require them and to define their duties
Section XVIII
What Courts May Be Abolished
Paragraph I Power to abolish courts All courts not specially mentioned by name in the first section of this Article may be abolished in any county at the discretion of the General Assembly
Paragraph II Supreme Court cost Pauper oath The cost in the Supreme Court and Court of Appeals shall not exceed 1500 until otherwise provided by law Plaintiffs in error shall not be required to pay costs in said courts when the usual pauper oath is filed in the court below
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ARTICLE VII
Finance Taxation and Public Debt
Section I
Power of Taxation
Paragraph I Taxation a sovereign right The right of taxation is a sovereign rightinalienable indestructibleis the life of the State and rightfully belongs to the people in all Republican governments and neither the General Assembly nor any nor all other departments of the Government established by this Constitution shall ever have the authority to irrevocably give grant limit or restrain this right and all laws grants contracts and all other acts whatsoever by said government or any department thereof to affect any of these purposes shall be and are hereby declared to be null and void for every purpose whatsoever and said right of taxation shall always be under the complete control of and revocable by the State notwithstanding any gift grant or contract whatsoever by the General Assembly
The power to tax corporations and corporate property shall not be surrendered or suspended by any contract or grant to which the State shall be a party
Paragraph II Taxing power limited
1 The General Assembly shall not by vote resolution or order grant any donation or gratuity in favor of any person corporation or association Provided however that the General Assembly is hereby authorized to provide by law for the payment of one hundred thousand dollars 10000000 to the first person firm partnership or corporation which puts down and brings in the first commercial oil well in the State of Georgia provided said commercial oil well shall be a well producing
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at least 250 barrels of oil per day as determined by State Geologist
2 The General Assembly shall not grant or authorize extra compensation to any public officer agent or contractor after the service has been rendered or the contract entered into
3 The levy of taxes on property for any one year by the General Assembly for all purposes except to provide for repelling invasions suppressing insurrections or defending the State in time of war shall not exceed onefourth mill on each dollar of the value of the property taxable in the State provided however that until some other method permitted by the laws of the United States for the taxation of national banking associations or corporations is enacted by the General Assembly for the taxation of the shares of stock of banking corporations and other monied capital coming into competition with such banking corporations such property may be taxed at a rate not exceeding five 5 mills on each dollar of the value thereof
4 No poll tax shall be levied to exceed one dollar annually upon each poll
5 That there is hereby created a board to be known as the State Medical Education Board to consist of five members one
of whom shall be the President of Georgia Medical Association I one of whom shall be the immediate past President of the Georgia Medical Association and three members to be appointed by the Governor who shall be qualified electors of the State of Georgia The members of the board shall hold office for a term of four years beginning on the first day of April 1 1953 and every four years thereafter the Governor shall appoint three members for a term of four years and shall appoint the President and the immediate Past President of the Georgia Medical Association pursuant to their position and office in those respective capacities Vacancies shall be filled by appointment of the Governor for the unexpired term
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The members of the Board shall serve without pay but shall be allowed 750 per day expenses and traveling expenses of five cents 5c per mile for attending meetings of the board or in traveling elsewhere in the discharge of their duties requiring their absence from their respective places of abode same to be paid upon the approval of the Chairman or ViceChairman of the board out of any funds made available to said board
The secretary of the board shall be whomsoever is serving as the secretary of the Board of Regents who shall keep the records and minutes of the proceedings of the board and who and whose compensation as secretary of this board shall not exceed the sum of 240000 per annum payable monthly The secretary shall prepare and countersign all checks vouchers and warrants drawn upon the funds of the board and the same shall be signed by the chairman of the board The secretary shall also be the treasurer of the board and shall keep and account for all the funds of the board and shall execute and file with the board a surety bond in the sum of 1000000 payable to the State of Georgia and conditioned upon the faithful performance of his duties and that he shall properly account for all funds coming into his hands as such secretary the premium on such bond to be paid out of the funds of the board He shall devote his full time to the duties of his office
The board may employ clerical assistance as is required and needed
The board shall elect a chairman and also a vicechairman to serve in the absence or inability of the chairman The board shall maintain an office at the Medical College of Georgia and shall meet at the said office or elsewhere at least once each quarter at such time as may be fixed by the board Special meetings shall be held upon call of the chairman Three members of the board shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business and the board shall keep full complete and permanent minutes and records of all its proceedings and actions
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It shall be the duty of the board to receive and pass upon allow or disallow all applications for loans or scholarships made by students who are bona fide citizens and residents of the State of Georgia and who desire to become doctors of medicine and who are acceptable for enrollment in a qualified fouryear medical school The purpose of such loans shall be to enable such applicants to obtain a standard fouryear medical education which will qualify them to become licensed practicing physicians within the State of Georgia It shall be the duty of the board to make a careful and full investigation of the ability character and qualifications of each applicant and determine his fitness to become the recipient of such loan or scholarship and for that purpose the board may propound such examination to each applicant which it deems proper and the said board may prescribe such rules and regulations as it deems necessary and proper to carry out the purpose and intention of this bill The investigation of the applicant shall include an investigation of the ability of the applicant or of the parents of such applicant to pay his own tuition at such a medical school and the board in granting such loans and scholarships shall give preference to qualified applicants who or whose parents are unable to pay the applicants tuition at such a medical school
The said board shall have authority to grant to each applicant deemed by the board to be qualified to receive the same a loan or scholarship for the purpose of acquiring a medical education as herein provided for upon such terms and conditions to be imposed by the board as provided for in this bill
Applicants who are granted loans or scholarships by the board shall receive a loan not to exceed 500000 to any one applicant to be paid in annual installments not exceeding 150000 per annum with which to defray his or her tuition and other expenses in any reputable accepted and accredited fouryear medical college or school in the United States or a scholarship in such medical college or school for a term not exceeding four years the cost of such scholarship not to exceed 500000 same to be paid at such time and in such manner as may be determined
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by the board The loans and scholarships herein provided shall not exceed the sums herein stated but they may be prorated in such manner as to pay to the medical school to which any applicant is admitted such funds as are required by that school and the balance to be paid direct to the applicant all of which shall be under such terms and conditions as may be provided under rules and regulations of the board The said loans or scholarships to be granted to each applicant shall be based upon the condition that the full amount thereof shall be repaid to the State of Georgia in cash in full with 4 interest from the date of each payment by the state on such loan or scholarship same to be payable annually the first annual payment to be due on or before one year from the date the applicant completes his interneship or same may be repaid to the State of Georgia in services to be rendered by the applicant by practicing his profession at some place within the State of Georgia to be approved by the board Onefifth of the loan or scholarship together with interest thereon to be credited to the applicant for each year of practicing his profession in a community of 5000 population or less according to 1950 census and no annual interest on the scholarship loan shall be paid during such practice or service After the third full year of practice or services within this State as herein provided but not before the said applicant shall be privileged entirely at the discretion of the Board heretofore created to pay off the balance of the scholarship loan together with accrued interest thereon and upon such payment shall be relieved from further obligations under his contract for loan or scholarship
Each applicant before being granted a loan or scholarship shall enter into a contract with the State of Georgia agreeing to the terms and conditions upon which the loan or scholarship shall be granted to him which said contract shall include such terms and provisions as will carry out the full purpose and intent of this act and the form thereof shall be prepared and approved by the Attorney General of this State and shall be signed by the Chairman of the Board countersigned by the
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Secretary and shall be signed by the applicant For the purposes of this act the disabilities of minority of all applicants granted loans or scholarships hereunder shall be and the same are hereby removed and the said applicants are declared to be of full lawful age for the purpose of entering into the contract hereinabove provided for and such contract so executed by any applicant is hereby declared to be a valid and binding contract the same as though the said applicant were of the full age of 21 years and upward The board is hereby vested with full and complete authority and power to sue in its own name any applicant for any balance due the board on any such contract
It shall be the duty of the board to contact and make inquiry of such of the fouryear medical colleges and schools as herein provided as it deems proper and make such arrangements and enter into such contracts within the limitations as to cost as herein provided for the admission of students granted loans or scholarships by the board such contracts to be approved by the attorney general of this state and the money obligations u contract as made by the board with any such colleges shall be paid for out of funds to be provided by law for such purposes and all students granted loans or scholarships shall attend a medical school with which the board has entered into a contract or any accredited fouryear medical school or college in which said applicant may obtain admission and which is approved by the Board
The board shall have authority to cancel any contract made between it and any applicant for loans or scholarships upon cause deemed sufficient by the board And the board shall have authority to cancel such contracts which it may lawfully cancel made with any of the colleges or schools as herein provided
payments of funds for loans or scholarships hereunder shall be made by requisition of the board signed by the chairman and the secretary directed to the auditor of public accounts who shall thereupon issue a warrant on the treasury of the
296

CONSTITUTION OF THE STATE OF GEORGIA Art 7 Sec 1 Par 2
State of Georgia for the amount fixed in the requisition and payable to the person designated thereon which said warrant upon presentation shall be paid by the treasurer out of any funds appropriated by the Legislature for the purposes provided for under this act
All funds made available to the board by act of the Legislature for the purpose of defraying expenses of the board and the salaries of its secretary and employees shall be paid over and received by the treasurer of this board and by him deposited in some solvent bank within the State of Georgia selected by the board and such funds may be drawn and expended by check or warrant signed by the chairman and attested by the secretary
The board shall make a biennial report to the Legislature at each session thereof of its activities loans or scholarships granted names of persons to whom granted and the institution attended by those receiving the same the location of the applicants who have received their education and become licensed physicians and surgeons within this State as a result of the said loans andor scholarships and where they are practicing and shall make a full report of all of its expenditures for salaries and expenses incurred hereunder
It is the purpose and intent of this bill to bring about an adequate supply of doctors of medicine in the more sparsely populated areas of the State of Georgia by increasing the number of medical students from Georgia in the various medical schools and inducing a sufficient number of the graduates from medical schools to return to Georgia and practice their profession thus affording adequate medical care to the people of Georgia
Paragraph III Uniformity classification of property All taxes shall be levied and collected under general laws and for public purposes only All taxation shall be uniform upon the same class of subjects within the territorial limits of the authority levying the tax Classes of subjects for taxation of property shall consist of tangible property and one or more
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classes of intangible personal property including money The General Assembly shall have the power to classify property including money for taxation and to adopt different rates and different methods for different classes of such property
Paragraph IV Exemptions from taxation The General Assembly may by law exempt from taxation all public property places of religious worship or burial and all property owned by relions groups used only for residential purposes and from which no income is derived all institutions of purely public charity all intangible personal property owned by or irrevocably held in trust for the exclusive benefit of religious educational and charitable institutions no part of the net profit from the operation of which can inure to the benefit of any private person all buildings erected for and used as a college incorporated academy or other seminary of learning and also all funds or property held or used as endowment by such colleges incorporated academies or seminaries of learning provided the same is not invested in real estate and provided further that said exemptions shall only apply to such colleges incorporated academies or other seminaries of learning as are open to the general public provided further that all endowments to institutions established for white people shall be limited to white people and all endowments to institutions established for colored people shall be limited to colored people the real and personal estate of any public library and that of any other literary association used by or connected with such library all books and philosophical apparatus and all paintings and statuary of any company or association kept in a public hall and not held as merchandise or for purposes of sale or gain provided the property so exempted be not used for the purpose of private or corporate profit and income distributable to shareholders in corporations owning such property or to other owners of such property and any income from such property is used exclusively for religious educational and charitable purposes or for either one or more of such purposes and for the purpose of maintaining and operating such institution this exemption shall not apply to real estate or buildings
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other than those used for the operation of such institution and which is rented leased or otherwise used for the primary purpose of securing an income thereon and also provided that such donations of property shall not be predicated upon an agreement contract or otherwise that the donor or donors shall receive or retain any part of the net or gross income of the property The General Assembly shall further have power to exempt from taxation farm products including baled cotton grown in this State and remaining in the hands of the producer but not longer than for the year next after their production
All personal clothing household and kitchen furniture personal property used and included within the home domestic animals and tools and implements of trade of manual laborers but not including motor vehicles are exempted from all State County Municipal and School District ad valorem taxes in an amount not to exceed 30000 in actual value
The homestead of each resident of Georgia actually occupied by the owner as a residence and homestead and only so long as actually occupied by the owner primarily as such but not to exceed 200000 of its value is hereby exempted from all ad valorem taxation for State county and school purposes except taxes levied by municipalities for school purposes and except to pay interest on and retire bonded indebtedness provided however should the owner of a dwelling house on a farm who is already entitled to homestead exemption participate in the program of rural housing and obtain a new house under contract with the local housing authority he shall be entitled to receive the same homestead exemption as allowed before making such contract The General Assembly may from time to time lower said exemption to not less than 125000 The value of all property in excess of the foregoing exemptions shall remain subject to taxation Said exemptions shall be returned and claimed in such manner as prescribed by the General Assembly The exemption herein provided for shall not apply to taxes levied by municipalities
All cooperative nonprofit membership corporations or
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ganized under the laws of this State for the purpose of engaging in rural electrification as defined in subsection 1 of Section 3 of the Act approved March 30 1937 providing for their incorporation and all of the real and personal property owned or held by such corporations for such purpose are hereby exempted from all taxation state county municipal school district and political or territorial subdivisions of the State having the authority to levy taxes The exemption herein provided for shall expire December 31 1961
There shall be exempt from all ad valorem intangible taxes in this State the common voting stock of a subsidiary corporation not doing business in this State if at least ninety per cent f such common voting stock is owned by a Georgia corporation with its principal place of business located in this State and was acquired or is held for the purpose of enabling the parent company to carry on some part of its established line of business through such subsidiary
All laws exempting property from taxation other than the property herein enumerated shall be void
The Legislature may exempt from taxation intangible personal property owned by a trust forming a part of a pension profit sharing or stock bonus plan if such trust is exempt from federal income tax under Section 165 a of the Federal Internal Revenue Code Existing laws exempting such property from taxation are hereby ratified
Paragraph V Exemptions of certain industries continued Existing exemptions under the amendment to the Constitution providing for the exemption of certain industries from taxation appearing in Acts of the General Assembly of 1923 extra session page 67 ratified November 4 1924 shall continue of force until the expiration of the term for which granted
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CONSTITUTION OF THE STATE OF GEORGIA Art 7 Sec 2 Par 1
Section II
Purposes and Method of Taxation
Paragraph I Taxation how and for what purposes exercised The powers of taxation over the whole State shall be exercised by the General Assembly for the following purposes only
1 For the support of the State Government and the public institutions
2 For educational purposes
3 To pay the principal and the interest on the public debt and to provide a sinking fund therefor
4 To suppress insurrections to repel invasion and defend the State in time of war
5 To make provision for the payment of pensions to exConfederate soldiers and to the widows of Confederate soldiers who are unmarried
6 To construct and maintain State buildings and a system of State highways airports and docks
7 To make provision for the payment of oldage assistance to aged persons in need and for the payment of assistance to the needy blind and to dependent children and other welfare benefits provided that no person shall be entitled to the assistance herein authorized who does not qualify for such provisions in every respect in accordance with enactments of the General Assembly which may be in force and effect prescribing the qualifications for beneficiaries hereunder Provided no indebtedness against the State shall ever be created for the purpose herein stated in excess of the taxes lawfully levied each fiscal year under Acts of the General Assembly authorized hereunder for such purposes
a In order to extend to the employees of the State any department of the State any State institution or political subdivi
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CONSTITUTION OP THE STATE OF GEORGIA Art 7 Sec 2 Par 1
sions of the State and to the dependents and survivors of such I employees the basic protection accorded others by the Old Age I r Survivors Insurance Program embodied under the Social Security I a Act Act of Congress approved August 14 1935 49 Stat 620 I r officially cited as the Social Security Act as such Act has 1 been and may from time to time be amended and the Federal Insurance Contributions Act as set forth in SubChapter A of Chapter 9 of the Federal Internal Revenue Code as such Code has been and may from time to time be amended the General I r Assembly is authorized to enact such legislation as may be I I necessary to insure the coverage to employees of the State any department of the State any State institution or political sub divisions of the State and the dependents and survivors of such I t employees under said Social Security Act as the same has been or may be amended and the Federal Insurance Contributions I Act as the same has been or may be amended and any pro I visions of this Constitution notwithstanding the State for and on behalf of itself its departments institutions or political sub 1 divisions is hereby authorized to enter into agreements with the 1 Federal Security Administrator or other appropriate official 1 of the United States Government under the provisions of said Social Security Act as the same has been or may hereafter be amended in the manner as provided therein and as provided by the General Assembly The Teacher Retirement System of Georgia and the Employees Retirement System of Georgia shall have the powers and duties as provided by law existing at the time of the adoption of this provision of the State Constitution together with such further powers and duties as may be hereafter provided by law
8 To advertise and promote the agricultural industrial historic recreational and natural resources of the State of Georgia
9 For public health purposes
Paragraph II Teacher retirement systemtaxation for The i powers of taxation may be exercised by the State through the
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CONSTITUTION OF THE STATE OF GEORGIA Art 7 Sec 2 Par 2
General Assembly and by counties and municipalities for the purpose of paying pensions and other benefits and costs under a teacher retirement system or systems provided no indebtedness against the State shall ever be created for the purpose herein stated in excess of the taxes lawfully levied each fiscal year under Acts of the General Assembly authorized hereunder
Paragraph III Revenue to be paid into general fund All money collected from taxes fees and assessments for State purposes as authorized by revenue measures enacted by the General Assembly shall be paid into the General Fund of the State Treasury and shall be appropriated therefrom as required by this Constitution for the purposes set out in this Section and for these purposes only
Paragraph IV Tax returns of public utilities The General Assembly may provide for a different method and time of returns assessments payment and collection of ad valorem taxes of public utilities but not at a greater basis of value or at a higher rate of taxation than other properties
Paragraph V The powers of taxation may be exercised by the State through the General Assembly and the counties and municipalities for the purpose of paying pensions and other benefits and costs under a firemens pension system or systems The taxes so levied may be collected by such firemens pension system or systems and disbursed therefrom by authority of the General Assembly for the purposes herein authorized
Section III
State Debt
Paragraph I Purposes for which contracted No debt shall be contracted by or on behalf of the State except to supply such temporary deficit as may exist in the treasury in any
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CONSTITUTION OF THE STATE OF GEORGIA Art 7 Sec 3 Par 1
year for necessary delay in collecting the taxes of that year to repel invasion suppress insurrection and defend the State in time of war or to pay the existing public debt but the debt created to supply deficiencies in revenue shall not exceed in the aggregate five hundred thousand dollars and any loan made for this purpose shall be repaid out of the taxes levied for the year in which the loan is made However said debt may be increased in the sum of three million five hundred thousand dollars for the payment of the public school teachers of the State only The principal amount borrowed for payment of teachers shall be repaid each year out of the common school appropriation and the interest paid thereon shall be paid each year out of the general funds of the State
Paragraph II Bonded debt increased when The bonded debt of the State shall never be increased except to repel invasion suppress insurrection or defend the State in time of war
Paragraph III Form of laws to borrow money All laws authorizing the borrowing of money by or on behalf of the State shall specify the purpose for which the money is to be used and the money so obtained shall be used for the purpose specified and for no other
Paragraph IV State aid forbidden The credit of the State shall not be pledged or loaned to any individual company corporation or association and the State shall not become a joint owner or stockholder in or with any individual company association or corporation
Paragraph V Assumption of debts forbidden The State shall not assume the debt nor any part thereof of any county municipal corporation or political subdivision of the State unless such debt be contracted to enable the State to repel invasion suppress insurrection or defend itself in time of war Provided however that the amendment to the Constitution proposed by the General Assembly and set forth in the pub
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CONSTITUTION OF THE STATE OF GEORGIA Art 7 Sec 3 Par 5
lished Acts of the General Assembly of the year 1931 at page 97 which amendment was ratified on November 8 1932 and which amendment provided for the assumption by the State of indebtedness of the several counties of the State as well as that of the Coastal Highway District and the assessments made against the counties of said district for the construction and paving of the public roads or highways including bridges of the State under certain conditions and for the issuance of certificates of indebtedness for such indebtedness so assumed is continued of full force and effect until such indebtedness assumed by the State is paid and such certificates of indebtedness retired
Paragraph VI Profit on public money The receiving directly or indirectly by any officer of State or county or member or officer of the General Assembly of any interest profits or perquisites arising from the use or loan of public funds in his hands or moneys to be raised through his agency for State or county purposes shall be deemed a felony and punishable as may be prescribed by law a part of which punishment shall be a disqualification from holding office
Paragraph VII Certain bonds not to be paid The General Assembly shall have no authority to appropriate money either directly or indirectly to pay whole or any part of the principal or interest of the bonds or other obligations which have been pronounced illegal null and void by the General Assembly and the Constitutional amendments ratified by a vote of the people on the first day of May 1877 nor shall the General Assembly have authority to pay any of the obligations created by the State under laws passed during the late war between the States nor any of the bonds notes or obligations made and entered into during the existence of said war the time for the payment of which was fixed after the ratification of a treaty of peace between the United States and the Confederate States nor shall the General Assembly pass any law or the Governor or any other State official enter into any contract
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CONSTITUTION OF THE STATE OF GEORGIA Art 7 Sec 3 Par 7
or agreement whereby the State shall be made a party to any suit in any court of this State or of the United States instituted to test the validity of any such bonds or obligations
arTaph VIII Sale of States property to pay bonded debt The proceeds of the sale of the Western and Atlantic Railroad and any other property owned by the State whenever the General Assembly may authorize the sale of the whole or any part thereof shall be applied to the payment of the bonded debt of the State and shall not be used for any other purpose whatsoever so long as the State has any existing bonded debtprovided that the proceeds of the sale of the Western and Atlantic Railroad shall be applied to the payment of the bonds for which said railroad has been mortgaged in preference to all other bonds
Paragraph IX State sinking fund The General Assembly shall raise by taxation each year in addition to the sum required to pay the public expenses such amounts as are necessary to pay the interest on the public debt and the principal of the public debt maturing in such year and to provide a sinking fund to pay off and retire the bonds of the State which have not then matured The amount of such annual levy shall be determined after consideration of the amount then held in the sinking fund The taxes levied for such purposes and the said sinking fund shall be applied to no other purpose whateiver The funds in the said sinking fund may be invested in the bonds of the State and nlso in bonds and securities issued by the Federal Government and subsidiaries of the Federal Government fully guaranteed by that government If the said bonds are not available for purchase the funds in the sinking fund may be loaned by the Treasurer of the State with the approval of the Governor upon terms to be fixed by such officials and when amply secured by bonds of the State or Federal Government
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CONSTITUTION OF THE STATE OF GEORGIA Art 7 Sec 4 Par 1
Section IV
Taxation by Counties
Paragraph I Taxing power of counties The General Assembly shall not have power to delegate to any county the right to levy a tax for any purpose except
1 To pay the expenses of administration of the county government
2 To pay the principal and interest of any debt of the county and to provide a sinking fund therefor
3 For educational purposes upon property located outside of independent school systems as provided in Article 8 of this Constitution
4 To build and repair the public buildings and bridges
5 To pay the expenses of courts the maintenance and support of prisoners and to pay sheriffs and coroners and for litigation
6 To build and maintain a system of county roads
7 For public health purposes in said county and for the collection and preservation of records of vital statistics
8 To pay county police
0 To support paupers
10 To pay county agricultural and home demonstration agents
11 To provide for payment of old age assistance to aged
SPg
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CONSTITUTION OF THE STATE OF GEORGIA Art 7 Sec 4 Par 1
Snsrjj jijB ani fr the payment of assistance to needy blmd and to dependent children and other welfare benefits
authorized11 wTin0ierSOn fha11 fe entitled to the assistance herein authorized who does not qualify for such assistance in everv
wWVCtm accord5nce with enactments of the General Assembly whieh rtray be m force and effect prescribing the qualifications bilinl1CiarieS hereunderl Provided no indebtedness lE
Sadyrarfnthaptpoiee
Provide for fire protection of forest lands and for the further conservation of natural resources
Provide medical or other care and hospitalization for the indigent sick people of the county
andVblirUbrSiT0Te mainain airp0rtS public parks
ft T Provide for workmens compensation and retirement or pension funds for officers and employees
i6 To Provide reasonable reserves for public improvements as may be fixed by law
Districting of counties The General Assembly may district the territory of any county outside the limits of incorporated municipalities for the purpose of providing systems of waterworks sewerage sanitation and fire protection and authorize such counties to levy a tax only upon the taxable property m such district for the purpose of constructing and maintaining such improvement
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CONSTITUTION OP THE STATE OF GEORGIA Art 7 Sec 5 Par 1
Section V
Paragraph I Taxing power and contributions of counties cities and political division restricted The General Assembly shall not authorize any county municipal corporation or political division of this State through taxation contribution or otherwise to become a stockholder in any company corporation or association or to appropriate money for or to loan its credit to any corporation company association institution or individual except for purely charitable purposes This restriction shall not operate to prevent the support of schools by municipal corporations within their respective limits
Section VI
Paragraph I Contracts for use of public facilities a The State state institutions any city town municipality or county of this State may contract for any period not exceeding fifty years with each other or with any public agency public corporation or authority now or hereafter created for the use by such subdivisions or the residents thereof of any facilities or services of the State state institutions any city town municipality county public agency public corporation or authority provided such contracts shall deal with such activities and transactions as such subdivisions are by law authorized to undertake
b Any city town municipality or county of this State is empowered in connection with any contracts authorized by the preceding paragraph to convey to any public agency public corporation or authority now or hereafter created existing facilities operated by such city town municipality or county for the benefit of residents of such subdivisions provided the land buildings and equipment so conveyed shall not be mortgaged or pledged to secure obligations of any such public agency public corporation or authority and provided such facilities are to be maintained and operated by such public
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CONSTITUTION OF THE STATE OF GEORGIA Art 7 Sec 6 Par 1
agency public corporation or authority for the same purposes tor which such facilities were operated by such city town municipality or county Nothing in this section shall restrict the pledging of revenues of such facilities by any public agency public corporation or authority
c Any city town municipality or county of this State or any combination of the same may contract with any public agency public corporation or authority for the care maintenance and hospitalization of its indigent sick and may as a part of such contract obligate itself to pay for the cost of acquisition construction modernization or repairs of necessary buildings and facilities by such public agency public corporation or authority and provide for the payment of such services anf the cost to such public agency public corporations or authority of acquisition construction modernization or repair of buildings and facilities from revenues realized by such mnicipality or county from any taxes authorized by the Constitution of this State or revenues derived from any other sources
Section VII
Limitation on County and Municipal Debts
Paragraph I Debts of counties and cities The debt hereafter incurred by any county municipal corporation or political division of this State except as in this Constitution provided or ii never exceed seven per centum of the assessed value of all the taxable property therein and no such county municipality or division shall incur any new debt except for a temporary loan or loans to supply casual dficiences of revenue not to exceed onefifth of one per centum of the assessed value r if taxabe property therein without the assent of a majority of the qualified voters of the county municipality or other
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CONSTITUTION OF THE STATE OF GEORGIA Art 7 Sec 7 Par 1
political subdivision voting in an election for that purpose to be held as prescribed by law and provided further that all laws charter provisions and ordinances heretofore passed or enacted providing special registration of the voters of counties municipal corporations and other political divisions of this State to pass upon the issuance of bonds by such counties municipal corporations and other political divisions are hereby declared to be null and void and the General Assembly shall hereafter have no power to pass or enact any law providing for such special registration but the validity of any and all bond issues by such counties municipal corporations or other political divisions made prior to January 1 1945 shall not be affected hereby provided that any county or municipality of this State may accept and use funds granted by the Federal Government or any agency thereof to aid in financing the cost of architectural engineering economic investigations studies surveys designs plans working drawings specifications procedures and other action preliminary to the construction of public works and where the funds so used for the purposes specified are to be repaid within a period of ten years
Paragraph II Levy of taxes to pay bonds Any county municipal corporation or political division of this State which shall incur any bonded indebtedness under the provisions of this Constitution shall at or before the time of so doing provide for the assessment and collection of an annual tax sufficient in amount to pay the principal and interest of said debt within thirty years from the date of the incurring of said indebtedness
Paragraph III Additional debt authorized when In addition to the debt authorized in Paragraph I of this section to be created by any county municipal corporation or political subdivision of this State a debt may be incurred by any county municipal corporation or political subdivision of this State in excess of seven per centum of the assessed value of all the taxable property therein upon the following conditions Such
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CONSTITUTION OF THE STATE OF GEORGIA Art 7 Sec 7 Par 3
additional debt whether incurred at one or more times shall not exceed in the aggregate three per centum of the assessed value of all the taxable property in such county municipality or political subdivision such additional debt shall be payable m equal installments within the five years next succeeding the issuance of the evidences of such debt there shall be levied by the governing authorities of such county municipality or political subdivision prior to the issuance of such additional debt a tax upon all of the taxable property within such county municipality or political subdivision collectible annually sufficient to pay in full the principal and interest of such additional debt when as due such tax shall be in addition to and separate from all other taxes levied by such taxing authorities and the collections from such tax shall be kept separate and shall be held used and applied solely for the payment of the principal and interest of such additional indebtedness authority to create such additional indebtedness shall first have been authorized by the General Assembly the creation of such additional indebtedness shall have been first authorized by a vote of the registered voters of such county municipality or political subdivision at an election held for such purpose pursuant to and in accordance with the provisions of this Constitution and of the then existing laws for the creation of a debt by counties municipal corporations and political subdivisions of this State sll of which provisions including those for calling advertising holding and determining the result of such election and the votes necessary to authorize the creation of an indebtedness are hereby made applicable to an election held for the purpose of authorizing such additional indebtedness
Paragraph IV In addition to the obligations hereinbefore allowed each county municipality political subdivision of the State authorized to levy taxes and county board of education is given the authority to make temporary loans between January 1st and December 31st in each year to pay expenses for such year upon the following conditions The aggregate amount of all such loans of such county municipality political subdi
312
CONSTITUTION OF THE STATE OF GEORGIA Art 7 Sec 7 Par 4
vision or county Board of Education outstanding at any one time shall not exceed 75 of the total gross income of such county municipality political subdivision or county Board of Education from taxes collected by such county municipality political subdivision or County Board of Education in the last preceding year Such loans shall be payable on or before December 31st of the calendar year in which such loan is made No loan may be made in any year under the provisions of this paragraph when there is a loan then unpaid which was made in a prior year under the provisions of this paragraph Each such loan shall be first authorized by resolution fixing the terms of such loan adopted by a majority vote of the governing body of such county city political subdivision or county Board of Education at a meeting legally held and such resolution shall appear upon the minutes of such meeting No such county municipality subdivision or county Board of Education shall incur in any one calendar year an aggregate of such temporary loans and other contracts or obligations for current expenses in excess of the total anticipated revenue of such county municipality subdivision or county board of education for such calendar year or issue in one calendar year notes warrants or other evidences of such indebtedness in a total amount in excess of such anticipated revenue for such year
Paragraph V Revenue anticipation obligations Revenue anticipation obligations may be issued by any county municipal corporation or political subdivision of this State to provide funds for the purchase or construction in whole or in part of any revenueproducing facility which such county municipal corporation or political subdivision is authorized by the Act of the General Assembly approved March 31st 1937 known as the The Revenue Certificate Laws of 1937 as amended by the Act approved March 14 1939 to construct and operate or to provide funds to extend repair or improve any such existing facility and to buy construct extend operate and maintain gas or electric generating and distribution systems together with all necessary appurtenances thereof Such revenue anti
313

CONSTITUTION OF THE STATE OF GEORGIA Art 7 Sec 7 Par 5
cipation obligations shall be payable as to principal and interest only from revenue produced by revenueproducing facilities of the issuing political subdivision and shall not be deemed debts of or to create debts against the issuing political subdivisions within the meaning of this paragraph or any other this Constitution This authority shall apply only to revenue anticipation obligations issued to provide funds for the purchase construction extension repair or improvement of such facilities and undertakings as are specifically authorized and enumerated by said Act of 1937 as amended by said Act of 1939 and to buy construct extend operate and maintain gas or electric generating and distribution systems together with all necessary appurtenances thereof provided further any revenue certificates issued to buy construct extend operate and maintain gas or electric generating and distribution systems shall before being undertaken be authorized by a majority of those voting at an election held for the purpose in the county municipal corporation or political subdivision affected and provided further that a majority of the registered voters of such county municipal corporation or political subdivision affected shall vote in said election the election for such to be held in the same manner as is used in issuing bonds of such county municipal corporation or political subdivision and the ssiid elections shnll be called and provided for by officers in charge of the fiscal affairs of said county municipal corporation or political subdivision affected and no such issuing political subdivision of the State shall exercise the power of taxation for the purpose of paying the principal or interest of any such revenue anticipation obligations or any part thereof
Provided that after a favorable election has been held as set forth above if municipalities counties or other political subdivisions shall purchase construct or operate such electric or gas utility plants from the proceeds of said revenue certificates and extend their services beyond the limits of the county in which the municipality or political subdivision is located then its services rendered and property located outside said county
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shall be subject to taxation and regulation as are privately owned and operated utilities
Paragraph VI Refunding bonds The General Assembly is hereby authorized to create a commission and to vest such commission with the power to secure all necessary information and to approve or disapprove the issuance of bonds for the purpose of refunding any bonded indebtedness of any county municipality or political subdivision of this State issued prior to the adoption of this Constitution including the authority to approve or disapprove the amount and terms of such refunding bonds together with such other powers as to the General Assembly may seem proper but not in conflict with the provisions of the Constitution Such refunding bonds shall be authorized only where such county municipality or political subdivision has not the funds available to meet the payment of outstanding bonded indebtedness through failure to levy and collect the required taxes or through failure to maintain the required sinking fund for such bonds The General Assembly may approve the issuance of the said refunding bonds under the conditions stated Such refunding bonds shall not together with all other outstanding bonded indebtedness exceed the limits fixed by this Constitution for the maximum amount of bonded indebtedness which may be issued by such county municipality or political subdivision and shall be otherwise governed by all of the terms and provisions of this Constitution No bonds shall be issued under this paragraph to refund any bonds issued after the adoption of this Constitution
Paragraph VII Refunding bonds to reduce bonded indebtedness The General Assembly is further authorized to give to the said Commission the power and authority to approve or disapprove the issuance of bonds to refund any outstanding bonded indebtedness of any county municipality or political subdivision now or hereafter issued for the purpose of reducing the amount payable principal or interest on such bonded indebtedness and upon the conditions that the issuance of such refunding bonds will reduce the amounts payable upon such outstanding bonds principal or interest Such refunding
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CONSTITUTION OF THE STATE OF GEORGIA Art 7 Sec 7 Par 7
bonds shall replace such outstanding bonded indebtedness The said Commission shall have the authority to approve or disapprove the terms of any such proposed refunding bonds The General Assembly may authorize the issuance of such refunding bonds issued for the said purpose when approved by the said Commission and authorized by the governing authority of such county municipality or subdivision without an election by the qualified voters as otherwise required but in all other respects such refunding bonds shall comply with the provisions of this Constitution
Section VIII
Paragraph I Sinking funds for bonds All amounts collected from any source for the purpose of paying the principal and interest of any bonded indebtedness of any county municipality or subdivision and to provide for the retirement of such bonded indebtedness above the amount needed to pay the principal and interest on such bonded indebtedness due in the year of such collection shall be placed in a sinking fund to be held and used to pay off the principal and interest of such bonded indebtedness thereafter maturing
The funds in such sinking fund shall be kept separate and apart from all other moneys of such county municipality or subdivision and shall be used for no purpose othan than that above stated The moneys in such sinking fund may be invested and reinvested by the governing authorities of such county municipality or subdivision or by such other authority as has been created to hold and manage such sinking fund in the bonds of such county municipality or subdivision and in bonds or obligations of the State of Georgia of the counties and cities thereof and of the government of the United States of subsidiary corporations of the Federal Government fully guaranteed by such government and no other Any person or persons violating the above provisions shall be guilty of mal
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CONSTITUTION OF THE STATE OF GEORGIA Art 7 Sec 8 Par 1
practice in office and shall also be guilty of misdemeanor and shall be punished when convicted as prescribed by law for the punishment of misdemeanors until the General Assembly shall make other provisions for the violation of the terms of this paragraph
Section IX
Appropriation Control
Paragraph I Preparation and submission of General Appropriation Bill The Governor shall submit to the General Assembly within fifteen days after its organization a budget message accompanied by a draft of a General Appropriation Bill which shall provide for the appropriation of the funds necessary to operate all the various departments and agencies and to meet the current expenses of the State for the ensuing fiscal year
Paragraph II Continuation of General Appropriation Act Each General Appropriation Act with such amendments as are adopted from time to time shall continue in force and effect for each fiscal year thereafter until repealed or another General Appropriation Act is adopted provided however that each section of the General Appropriation Act in force and effect on the date of the adoption of this Constitution of general application and pertaining to the administration limitation and restriction on the payment of appropriations and each section providing for appropriation of Federal Grants and other continuing appropriations and adjustments on appropriations shall remain in force and effect until specifically and separately repealed by the General Assembly
Paragraph III Other or supplementary appropriations In
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addition to the appropriations made by the General Appropriation Act and amendments thereto the General Assembly may make additional appropriations by Acts which shall be known as supplementary appropriation Acts provided no such supplementary appropriation shall be available unless there is an unappropriated surplus in the State Treasury or the revenue necessary to pay such appropriation shall have been provided by a tax laid for such purpose and collected into the General Fund of the State Treasury Neither House shall pass a Supplementary Appropriation Bill until the General Appropriation Act shall have been finally adopted by both Houses and approved by the Governor
Paragraph IV Appropriations to be for specific sums a The appropriation for each department officer bureau board commission agency or institution for which appropriation is made shall be for a specific sum of money and no appropriation shall allocate to any object the proceeds of any particular tax or fund or a part of percentage thereof
b To defray the cost of all activities incident to providing and maintaining an adequate system of public roads and bridges in this State as authorized by laws enacted by the General Assembly of Georgia and for grants to counties for aid in county road construction and maintenance as provided by law authorizing the State treasury to make such grants the General Assembly of Georgia shall in each General Appropriation Act make the aggregate of the fixed appropriations for highway purposes an amount not less than the total Motor Fuel and Motor Vehicle License taxes received by the State Treasury for the immediately preceding fiscal year less the amount of refunds rebates and collection costs authorized by law The expenditure of the appropriations made in conformity with this provision shall be subject to all the rules regulations and restrictions imposed on the expenditure of appropriations by provisions of this State Constitution and other laws enacted by the General Assembly Said funds are hereby allocated to the Highway Department and shall be utilized for highway
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improvement including construction and maintenance In the event of a general war in which the United States ofAinenca is involved said funds shall be held to the credit of the State Highway Department until such time as the road building program can be continued and materials obtained for said purpose During any such period of time all the funds which cannot be used for highway purposes shall be invested in bonds of the United States of America or securities the payment of the principal and interest of said securities being guaranteed by the United States of America In the event of invasion of this state by land sea or air said funds may be utilized on the executive order of the Governor for defense purposes
Paragraph V Appropriations void when Any appropriation made in conflict with either of the foregoing provisions shall be void
Section X
Paragraph I Existing amendments continued of force Amendments to the Constitution of the State of Georgia of 1877 in effect at the date of the ratification by the voters of the State of this Constitution shall continue of full force and effect after the ratification of this Constitution where such amendments are of merely local and not general application including the amendments pertaining to the Coastal Highway District of this State There is also continued under this provision in force and effect amendments to the Constitution of 1877 applicable to counties and cities having a population in excess of a number stated in such amendments and amendments applicable to counties having a city wholly or partly therein with a population in excess of or not less than a number stated in such amendment and amendments applicable to cities lying in two counties where such amendments are m force and effect at the time of the ratification of this Constitution Provided the amendment of Paragraph I of Section II of Article XI of the Constitution of 1877 proposed by Georgia
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CONSTITUTION OF THE STATE OF GEORGIA Art 7 Sec 10 Par I
Laws 1943 page 53 and ratified August 3 1943 authorizing election by the people of the County Board of Education of Spalding County prescribing rules of eligibility of members of the Board providing for election by the Board of the County Superintendent of Schools shall not be continued of force
ARTICLE VIII
Education
Section I
Paragraph I System of common schools free tuition separation of races The provision of an adequate education for the citizens shall be a primary obligation of the State of Georgia the expense of which shall be provided for by taxation Separate schools shall be provided for the white and colored races
Section II
Paragraph I State Board of Education method of appointment There shall be a State Board of Education composed of one member from each Congressional District in the State who shall be appointed by the Governor by and with the advice and consent of the Senate The Governor shall not be a member of the State Board of Education The first State Board of Education under this Constitution shall consist of those in office at the time this Constitution is adopted with the terms provided by law Thereafter all succeeding appointments shall be for seven year terms from the expiration of the previous term Vacancies upon said Board caused by expiration of term of office shall be similarly filled by appointment and confirmation
CONSTITUTION OF THE STATE OF GEORGIA Art 8 Sec 2 Par 1
In case of a vacancy on said Board by death resignation or from any other cause other than the expiration of such members term of office the Board shall hy secret ballot elect his successor who shall hold office until the end of the next session of the General Assembly or if the General Assembly be then in session to the end of that session During such session of the General Assembly the Governor shall appoint the successor member of the Board for the unexpired term and shall submit his nain to the Snat for confirmation All members of the Board shall hold office until their successors are appointed and qualified The members of the State Board of Education shall be citizens of this State who shall have resided in Georgia continuously for at least five years preceding their appointment No person employed in a professional capacity by a private or public education institution or by the State Department of Education shall he eligible for appointment or to serve on said Board No person who is or has been connected with or employed by a school book publishing concern shall be eligible to membership on the Board and if any person shall be so connected or employed after becoming a member of the Board his place shall immediately become vacant The said State Board of Education shall have such powers and duties as provided by law and existing at the time of the adoption of this Constitution together with such further powers and duties as may be hereafter provided by law
Section III
Paragraph I State School Superintendent election term etc There shall be a State School Superintendent who shall be the executive officer of the State Board of Education elected at the same time and in the same manner and for the same term as that of the Governor The State School Superintendent shall have such qualifications and shall be paid such compensation as may be fixed by law No member of said Board shall be eligible for election as State School Superintendent during the time for which he shall have been appointed
321
CONSTITUTION OF THE STATE OF GEORGIA Art 8 Sec 4 Par 1
Section IV
Paragraph I University System of Georgia Board of Regents There shall be a Board of Regents of the University System of Georgia and the government control and management of the University System of Georgia and all of its institutions in said system shall be vested in said Board of Regents of the University System of Georgia Said Board of Regents of the University System of Georgia shall consist of one member from each Congressional District in the State and five additional members from the StateatLarge appointed by the Governor and confirmed by the Senate The Governor shall not be a member of the said Board The first Board of Regents under this Constitution shall consist of those in office at the time this Constitution is adopted with the terms provided by law Thereafter all succeeding appointments shall be for seven year terms from the expiration of the previous term Vacancies upon said Board caused by expiration of term of office shall be similarly filled by appointment and confirmation In case of a vacancy on said Board by death resignation of a member or from any other cause other than the expiration of such members term of office the Board shall by secret ballot elect his successor who shall hold office until the end of the next session of the General Assembly or if the General Assembly be then in session to the end of that session During such session of the General Assembly the Governor shall appoint the successor member of the Board for the unexpired term and shall submit his name to the Senate for confirmation All members of the Board of Regents shall hold office until their successors are appointed The said Board of Regents of the University System of Georgia shall have the powers and duties as provided by law existing at the time of the adoption of this Constitution together with such further powers and duties as may be hereafter provided by law
CONSTITUTION OF THE STATE OF GEORGIA Art 8 Sec 5 Par 1
Section V
Paragraph I County System Board of Education election term etc Authority is granted to Counties to establish and maintain public schools within their limits Each County exclusive of any independent school system now in existence in a County shall compose one school district and shall be confined to the control and management of a County Board of Education The Grand Jury of each County shall select from the citizens of their respective Counties five freeholders who shall constitute the County Board of Education Said member shall be elected for the term of five years except that the first election of Board members under this Constitution shall be for such terms that will provide for the expiration of the term of one member of the County Board of Education each year In case of a vacancy on said Board by death resignation of a member or from any other cause other than the expiration of such members term of office the Board shall by secret ballot elect his successor who shall hold office until the next Grand Jury convenes at which time said Grand Jury shall appoint the successor member of the Board for the unexpired term The members of the County Board of Education of such County shall be selected from that portion of the County not embraced within the territory of an independent school district
The General Assembly shall have authority to make provision for local trustees of each school in a county system and confer authority upon them to make recommendations as to budgets and employment of teachers and other authorized employees
Section VI
Paragraph I County School Superintendent election term etc There shall be a County School Superintendent who shall
CONSTITUTION OF THE STATE OF GEORGIA Art 8 Sec 6 Par 1
be the executive officer of the County Board of Education He shall be elected by the people and his term of office shall be for four years and run concurrently with other county officers The qualifications and the salary of the County School Superintendent shall be fixed by law
Section VII
Paragraph I Independent systems continued new systems prohibited Authority is hereby granted to municipal corporations to maintain existing independent school systems and support the same as authorized by special or general law and such existing systems may add thereto colleges No independent school system shall hereafter be established
Section VIII
Paragraph I Meetings of Boards of Education All official meetings of County Boards of Education shall be open to the public
Section IX
Paragraph I Contracts for care of pupils County Boards of Education and independent school systems may contract with each other for the education transportation and care of pupils
Section X
Paragraph I Certain systems protected Public schools systems established prior to the adoption of the Constitution of 1877 shall not be affected by this Constitution
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CONSTITUTION OF THE STATE OF GEORGIA Art 8 Sec 11 Par 1
Section XI
Paragraph I Grants bequests and donations permitted The State Board of Education and the Regents of the University System of Georgia may accept bequests donations and grants of land or other property for the use of their respective systems of education
Paragraph II Grants bequests and donations to county Boards of Education and independent school systems County Boards of Education and independent school systems may accept bequests donations and grants of land or other property for the use of their respective systems of education
Section XII
Paragraph I Taxation by counties for education The fiscal authority of the several Counties shall levy a tax for the support and maintenance of education not less than five mills nor greater than fifteen mills as recommended by the County Board of Education upon the dollar of all taxable property in the County located outside independent school systems The independent school system of Chatham County and the City of Savannah being coextensive with said County the levy of said tax shall be on all property in said County as recommended by the governing body of said system The fifteen mill limitation provided in this Paragraph may be removed or increased in a county under the procedure set out hereinafter The County Board of Education in order to instigate the procedure must pass a resolution recommending that the limitation be removed and upon presentation of such resolution to the Ordinary it shall be his duty within ten days of the receipt of the resolution to issue the call of an election to determine whether such limitation shall be removed He shall set the election to be held on a date not less than twenty nor more than thirty days from the date of the issuance of the call and shall have the date and
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CONSTITUTION OF THE STATE OF GEORGIA Art 9 Sec 12 Par 1
purpose of the election published in the official organ of the county once a week for two weeks preceding the date of the election If a majority of the electors qualified to vote for members of the General Assembly voting in such election vote in favor of such proposal there shall be no limitation in such county and the County Board of Education may recommend any number of mills not less than five for the purposes set out above In lieu of recommending that the limitation be removed entirely the Board may recommend that it be increased and shall specify the amount in the resolution The election provisions for increase shall be the same as for removal and if the proposal is favorably voted upon the Board may recommend up to the specified amount It shall be the duty of the Ordinary to hold the election to canvass the returns and declare the results It shall also be his duty to certify the results to the Secretary of State The expense of the election shall be borne by the county
Section XIII
Paragraph I Grants for education Notwithstanding any other provision of this Constitution the General Assembly may by law provide for grants of State county or municipal funds to citizens of the State for educational purposes in discharge of all obligation of the State to provide adequate education for its citizens
ARTICLE IX
Homesteads and Exemptions Section I
Paragraph I Amount of homestead and exemptions There is hereby exempt from levy and sale by virtue of any process
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CONSTITUTION OP THE STATE OF GEORGIA Art 19 Sec 1 Par 1
whatever under the laws of this State the property of every head of a family or guardian or trustee of a family of minor children or every aged or infirm person or person having the care and support of dependent females of any age who is not head of a family realty or personalty or both to the value in the aggregate of sixteen hundred dollars and the General Assembly shall have authority to provide the manner of exempting said property the sale alienation and encumbrance thereof and to provide for the waiver of said exemption by the debtor
Paragraph II Homestead and exemption laws continued The laws now of force with respect to homestead and exemptions shall remain in full force until changed by law
ARTICLE X
Militia Section I
Paragraph I Organization of Militia A well regulated militia being essential to the peace and security of the State the General Assembly shall have authority to provide by law how the militia of this State shall be organized officered trained armed and equipped and of whom it shall consist
Paragraph II Volunteers The General Assembly shall have power to authorize the formation of volunteer companies and to provide for their organization into battalions regiments brigades divisions and corps with such restrictions as may be prescribed by law and shall have authority to arm and equip the same
Paragraph III Pay of militia and volunteers The officers and men of the militia and volunteer forces shall not be entitled to receive any pay rations or emoluments when not in active service by authority of the State
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A
CONSTITUTION OF THE STATE OF GEORGIA Art 11 Sec 1 Par 1
ARTICLE XI
Counties and Municipal Corporations Section I
Paragraph I Counties a corporate body boundaries Each county shall be a body corporate with such powers and limitations as may be prescribed by law All suits by or against a county shall be in the name thereof and the metes and bounds of the several counties shall remain as now prescribed by law unless changed as hereinafter provided
Paragraph II Number limited There shall not be more than one hundred and fiftynine counties in this State
Paragraph III New counties permitted when No new county shall be created except by the consolidation or merger of existing counties
Paragraph IV Consolidation of counties method The General Assembly shall have power with the concurrence of twothirds of the qualified voters of each of the counties to be affected who participate in elections held for that purpose to provide for the consolidation of two or more counties into one or the merger of one or more counties into another or the division of a county and the merger of portions thereof into other counties
Paragraph V Dissolution of counties method Any county may be dissolved and merged with a contiguous county or counties by twothirds of the qualified voters of each of the counties affected who participate in elections held for that purpose
Paragraph VI County governments uniform exceptions Whatever tribunal or officers may be created by the General Assembly for the transaction of county matters shall be uni
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CONSTITUTION OF THE STATE OF GEORGIA Art 11 Sec 1 Par 6
form throughout the State and of the same name jurisdiction and remedies except that the General Assembly may provide for Commissioners of Roads and Revenues in any county may abolish the office of County Treasurer in any county may fix the compensation of County Treasurers and may consolidate the offices of Tax Receiver and Tax Collector in the office of Tax Commissioner and may fix his compensation without respect to uniformity
Paragraph VII Consolidation of governments submission to voters The General Assembly may provide by general law optional systems of consolidated county and municipal government providing for the organization and the powers and duties of its officers Such optional systems shall become effective when submitted to the qualified voters of such county and approved by a majority of those voting
Paragraph VIII County lines County lines shall not be changed unless under the operation of a general law for that purpose
Paragraph IX County sites changed method No county site shall be changed or removed except by a twothirds vote of the qualified voters of the county voting at an election held for that purpose and by a majority vote of the General Assembly
Section II
Paragraph I County officers election term removal eligibility The county officers shall be elected by the qualified voters of their respective counties or districts and shall hold their office for four years They shall be removed upon conviction for malpractice in office and no person shall be eligible for any of the offices referred to in this paragraph unless he shall have been a resident of the county for two years and is a qualified voter
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CONSTITUTION OF THE STATE OF GEORGIA Art 12 Sec 2 Par 2
Paragraph II Compensation of county officers County officers may be on a fee basis salary basis or fee basis supplemented by salary in such manner as may be directed by law
ARTICLE XII
The Laws of General Operation in Force in This State Section I
Paragraph I Supreme law The laws of general operation in this State are first As the Supreme law The Constitution of the United States the laws of the United States in pursurance thereof and all treaties made under the authority of the United States
Paragraph II Second in authority Second As next in authority thereto This Constitution
Paragraph III Third in authority Third In subordination to the foregoing All laws now of force in this State not inconsistent with this Constitution shall remain of force until the same are modified or repealed by the General Assembly
Paragraph IV Local and private acts Local and private acts passed for the benefit of counties cities towns corporations and private persons not inconsistent with the Supreme law nor with this Constitution and which have not expired nor been repealed shall have the force of Statute law subject to judicial decision as to their validity when passed and to any limitations imposed by their own terms
Paragraph V Proceedings of courts confirmed All judgments decrees orders and other proceedings of the several courts of this State heretofore made within the limits of their
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CONSTITUTION OF THE STATE OF GEORGIA Art 12 Sec 1 Par 5
several jurisdictions are hereby ratified and affirmed subject only to reversal by motion for a new trial appeal bill of review or other proceedings in conformity with the law of force when they were made
Paragraph VI Existing officers The officers of the Government now existing shall continue in the exercise of their several functions until their successors are duly elected or appointed and qualified But nothing herein is to apply to any officer whose office may be abolished by this Constitution
ARTICLE XIII
Amendments to the Constitution Section I
Paragraph I Proposed by General Assembly submission to people Any amendment or amendments to this Constitution may be proposed in the Senate or House of Representatives and if the same shall be agreed to by twothirds of the members elected to each of the two houses such proposed amendment or amendments shall be entered on their journals with the yeas and nays taken thereon The General Assembly shall cause such amendment or amendments to be published in one or more newspapers in each Congressional District for two months previous to the time of holding the next general election at which election members of the General Assembly are chosen and if such proposed amendment directly affects only one or more political subdivisions of the State then it shall also be advertised in the area to be directly affected thereby and shall also provide for a submission of such proposed amendment or amendments to the people at said next general election and if the people shall ratify such amendment or amendments by a majority of the
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CONSTITUTION OF THE STATE OF GEORGIA Art 13 Sec 1 Par 1
electors qualified to vote for members of the General Assembly voting thereon such amendment or amendments shall become a part of this Constitution provided that if the proposed amendment is not one that directly affects the whole State but only one or more subdivisions thereof said amendment shall not become a part of this Constitution unless it receive both a majority of the electors qualified to vote voting thereon in the State as a whole and also a majority of the electors qualified to vote voting thereon in the particular subdivision of subdivisions affected When more than one amendment is submitted at the same time they shall be so submitted as to enable the electors to vote on each amendment separately
Provided however that proposed amendments to the Constitution which only affect or apply to one or more counties or one or more municipalities shall only be submitted to the voters of the county or counties or to the voters of the municipality or municipalities which the proposed amendment affects or applies If the amendment affects more than one county or more than one municipality the total vote of the area shall be consolidated and a majority of the whole vote shall be required as a condition precedent to ratification Such proposed amendment shall be published in one newspaper in the county or counties affected or of the county or counties in which the municipality affected is located for two months previous to the time of holding the next general election and shall be submitted to the people in such county or counties or municipality or municipalities at the next general election and if ratified by a majority of the electors qualified to vote for members of the General Assembly voting thereon such amendment shall become a part of this Constitution
Provided however that where the corporate limits of any municipality extend into two or more counties no amendment to the Constitution affecting such counties shall be ratified unless such amendment to the Constitution shall have received the required majority of votes cast in each of the counties affected nor shall this amendment alter or amend the provisions
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CONSTITUTION OF THE STATE OF GEORGIA Art 13 Sec 1 Par 2
of Paragraph 4 Section 1 of Article XI of the Constitution of the State of Georgia of 1945
Paragraph II Convention how called No convention of the people shall be called by the General Assembly to revise amend or change this Constitution unless by the concurrence of twothirds of all members of each house of the General Assembly The representation in said convention shall be based on population as near as practicable This Constitution shall not be revised amended or changed by the Convention until the proposed revision amendment or change has been submitted and ratified by the people in the manner provided for submission and ratification of amendments proposed by the General Assembly
Paragraph III Veto not permitted The Governor shall not have the right to veto any proposal by the General Assembly to amend the Constitution
ARTICLE XIV Merit System
Section I
Paragraph I State Personnel Board A nonsalaried State Personnel Board comprised of three citizens of this State of known interest in the improvement of public administration shall administer a State Merit System under which state personnel shall be selected on a basis of merit fitness and efficiency according to law The members of the StatePersonnel Board shall be appointed by the Governor with the advice of the Senate The first members shall be appointed for terms of three five and seven years respectively the terms to be designated by the Governor All subsequent appointments shall be
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CONSTITUTION OF THE STATE OF GEORGIA Art 14 Sec 1 Par 1
for a period of seven years except unexpired terms No State official or employee shall be a member of the State Personnel Board
Paragraph II Retirement System Appropriation The General Assembly is authorized to establish an actuarially sound retirement system for employees under a merit system Adequate appropriations shall be provided for the operation of a merit system and the State Personnel Board
ARTICLE XV
Home Rule Section I
Paragraph I The General Assembly is authorized to provide by law for the selfgovernment of municipalities and to that end is hereby expressly given the authority to delegate its powers so that matters pertaining to municipalities upon which prior to the ratification of this amendment it was necessary for the General Assembly to act may be dealt with without the necessity of action by the General Assembly Any powers granted as provided herein shall be exercised subject only to statutes of general application pertaining to municipalities
ARTICLE XVI
Slum Clearance and Redevelopment Section I
The General Assembly may provide by law that any city or town or any housing authority now or hereafter established may undertake and carry out slum clearance and redevelopment work including the acquisition and clearance of areas
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CONSTITUTION OF THE STATE OF GEORGIA Art 16 Sec 1 Par 1
which are predominantly slum or blighted areas the preparation of such areas for reuse and the sale or other disposition of such areas to private enterprise for private uses or to public bodies for public uses Any such work shall constitute a governmental function undertaken for public purposes and the powers of taxation and eminent domain may be exercised and public funds expended in furtherance thereof
Method of Sub mission Section II
That when this amendment shall have been agreed to by twothirds of the members elected to each of the two Houses of the General Assembly the same shall be entered on their journals with the ayes and nays taken thereon and shall be published and submitted to the people for ratification or rejection as one single amendment to the Constitution at the next General Election in August 1945 as provided by law Those voting in favor of the ratification of the amendment herein proposed shall have written or printed on their ballots the words for the amendment revising the Constitution Those voting against the ratification of the amendment herein proposed shall have written or printed on their ballots the words against the amendment revising the Constitution If a majority of those voting vote for the amendment revising the Constitution when the results are certified to the Governor he shall proclaim the amendment revising the Constitution of 1877 as the revised Constitution of Georgia
335
1955
JANUARY MAY SEPTEMBER
S M T W T F S 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 ifi 17 18 10 0 21 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 S M T W T F S 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 S M T W T F S 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

FEBRUARY JUNE OCTOBER
5 M T W T F S 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 S M T W T F S 12 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 S M T W T F S 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31

MARCH JULY NOVEMBER
5 M T W T F S J 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 S M T W T F S 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 L 5 M T W T F S 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 39 30

APRIL AUGUST DECEMBER
S M T W T F S 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 S M T W T F S 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 23 29 30 31 S M T W T F S 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31
336
1956
JANUARY MAY SEPTEMBER
S M T W T F S 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 5 M T W T F S 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 S M T W T F S 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
OCTOBER
FEBRUARY JUNE
S M T W T F S 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31
S M T W T F S 1 234 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 S M T W T F S 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
NOVEMBER
MARCH JULY
S M T W T F S 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
S M T W T F S 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 S M T W T F S 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31
DECEMBER
APRIL AUGUST
S M T W T F S 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31
S M T W T F S 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 H S M T W T F S 12 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31

337
GrI
h
9 ff