Manual of the General Assembly of the state of Georgia, 1953-1954

THE LIBRARIES
The University of Georgia
MANUAL
of the
GENERAL ASSEMBLY
of
The State of Georgia
19531954
Compiled by
BEN W FORTSON JR
Secretary of State
2
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
y
State Senate Numerically by Seat Number
1 Rogers 37th
2 Hawes 29th
3 Hall 15th
4 Cates 17th
5 Edenfield 16th
6 Blitch 5th
7 Brown 40th
8 Scoggins 33rd
9 Crummey 48th
10 Jordan 25th
11Campbell 31st
12 Carlisle 51st
13 Edenfield 4th
14 Millican 52nd
15 Parker 38th
16 Adams 22nd
17 Parker 36th
18 Browning 2nd
19 Ramsey 1st
20 Singleton 24th
21 Griffith 28th
22 Cheek 23rd
23 Coker 39th
24 Breedlove 27th
25 Kelley 18th
26 Killings worth 11th
27 Pettey 14th
28 DuPree 21st
29 Adams 12th
30 Redwine 26th
31 Callaway 35th
32Chism 7th
33 Stoddard 50th
34 Roper 19th
35 Holt 54th
36 Moon 13th
37 Dean 34th
38 Hendrix 3rd
39 Risner 30th
40 Wilkes 53rd
41 Moorman 6th
42 Dozier 8th
43Hall 9th
44 Walker 45th
45 Lord 20th
46 Kiker 41st
47 Rollins 44th
48 Clemmons 42nd
49 Stripling 49th
50 Sims 46th
51 Hood 32nd
52 Park 43rd
53 Shepherd 10th
54 Kennedy 47th
LtGov S Marvin Griffin President of Senate George D Stewart
Sec of Senate
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
3
Seating of Members of the Georgia State Senate
PRESIDENT OF SENATE
LIEUTENANT GOVERNOR
SECRETARY OF SENATE
4
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
State Senate Alphabetically by Names
Adams 12th 29
Adams 22nd 16
Blitch 5th 6
Breedlove 27th24
Brown 40th 7
Browning 2nd 18
Callaway 35th 31
Campbell 31st 11
Carlisle 51st12
Cates 17th 4
Cheek 23rd 22
Chism 7th 32
Clemmons 42nd 48
Coker 39th 23
Crummey 48th 9
Dean 34th 37
Dozier 8th 42
DuPree 21st 28
Edenfield 4th 13
Edenfield 16th 5
Griffith 28th 21
Hall 9th 43
Hall 15tii 3
Hawes 29th 2
Hendrix 3rd 38
Holt 54th 35
Hood 32nd 51
Jordan 25th 10
Kelley 18th 25
Kennedy 47th54
Kiker 41st46
Killingsworth 11th 26
Lord 20th 45
Millican 52nd 14
Moon 13th 36
Moorman 6th 41
Park 43rd 52
Parker 36th 17
Parker 38th 15
Pettey 14th27
Ramsey 1st19
Redwine 26th 30
Risner 30th 39
Rogers 37th 1
Rollins 44th 47
Roper 19th 34
Scoggins 33rd 8
Shepherd 10th 53
Sims 46th 50
Singleton 24th 20
Stoddard 50th 33
Stripling 49th49
Walker 45th44
Wilkes 53rd 40
LtGov S Marvin Griffin President of Senate George D Stewart Sec of Senate
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
5
OFFICERS OF THE
STATE SENATE TERM 1953 1954
PRESIDENT
S MARVIN GRIFFIN Decatur County Lieutenant Governor
J DOUGLAS CARLISLE Bibb County President Pro Tem
GEORGE D STEWART Fulton County Secretary
LAMONT SMITH Tattnall County Assistant Secretary
ERIC HOLMES Fulton County Reading Clerk
EDNA LACKEY Fulton County Journal Clerk
ANNE DUNCAN Fulton County Calendar Clerk
ZACK D CRAVEY JR DeKalb County Messenger
TRAVIS B STEWART Fulton County Message Clerk
A PERRY GRIFFIN Doorkeeper
DeKalb County
6 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
MEMBERS OF THE
SENATE OF GEORGIA
ALPHABETICALLY ARRANGED ACCORDING TO NAMES WITH DISTRICTS AND POST OFFICES
FOR THE TERM 19531954
Senators District Post Office
Adams James W 12th Weston
Adams Joe B 22nd Barnesville
Blitch Mrs Iris F Homerville
Breedlove William H 27th W atkinsville
Brown Harry L 40th Mountain City
Browning J F Riceboro
Callaway Thomas G Jr 35th Covington
Campbell Clarence G Lavonia
Carlisle J Douglas 51st Macon
Cates Frank M 17th Waynesboro
Chism J B Sr 7th Pelham
Cheek Hugh G 23rd Butler
Clemmons Tom 42nd Rome
Coker Dr Grady N 39th Canton
Crummey Cecil D 48th Rochelle
Dean Wm T 34th Conyers
Dozier L R Colquitt
DuPree Edward 21st Gordon
Edenfield Henry C 16th Swainsboro
Edenfield Homer 4th Kingsland
Griffith Dr E F 28th Eatonton
Hall John B 9th Newton
Hall Steve M 15th Lyons
Hawes E Chas 29th Thomson
Hendrix G W Ludowici
Holt Dr J T 54th Baxley
Hood Tom C 32nd Box 33 Cleveland
Jordan Robert H 25th Talbotton
Kelley Horace C 18th Mitchell
Kennedy T E Jr 47th Ashburn
Kiker C W 41st Blue Ridge
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
7
Senators District Post Office
Killings worth A S 11th Fort Gaines
Lord C J 20th Route 2 Tennille
Millican G Everett 52nd Atlanta
Moon Herbert W 13th Americus
Moorman Warren S 6th Lakeland
Park Kirby Crandall
Parker E L 36th Meansville
Parker James I 38th Cedartown
Pettey Pete 14th Hawkinsville
Ramsey H N Sr Springfield
Redwine Harry H 26th Fayetteville
Risner T H 30th Hartwell
Rogers J Artie 37th Franklin
Rollins 0 C 44th Tunnel Hill
Roper Allen P Greensboro
Scoggins M 0 33rd Baldwin
Shepherd John D 10th RFD 3 Ashburn
Sims Chas M 46th Douglas
Singleton 0 N 24th Buena Vista
Stoddard John E 50th Washington
Stripling P V 49th Metter
Walker Jim C 45th McRae
Wilkes Wilson B 53rd Adel
8
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
MEMBERS OF THE
SENATE OF GEORGIA BY DISTRICTS IN NUMERICAL ORDER WITH COUNTIES AND POST OFFICES
First DistrictEFFINGHAM Chatham
H N RAMSEY SRfiSSpringfield
Second DistrictLIBERTY Bryan McIntosh
J F BROWNING Riceboro
Third DistrictLONG Brantley Wayne
G W HENDRIX Ludowici
Fourth DistrictCAMDEN Charlton Glynn
HOMER EDENFIELDKingsland
Fifth DistrictCLINCH Ware Atkinson
MRS IRIS F BLITCHrHomerville
Sixth DistrictLANIER Echols Lowndes
WARREN S MOORMANLakeland
Seventh DistrictMITCHELL Thomas Grady
J B CHISM SRPelham
Eighth DistrictMILLER Decatur Seminole
L R DOZIERColquitt
Ninth DistrictBAKER Calhoun Early
JOHN B HALLNewton
Tenth DistrictWORTH Lee Dougherty
JOHN D SHEPHERDRFD 3 Ashburn
Eleventh DistrictCLAY Randolph Terrell
A S KILLINGSWORTHFort Gaines
Twelfth DistrictWEBSTER Quitman Stewart
JAMES W ADAMSi Weston
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
9
Thirteenth DistrictSUMTER Macon Schley
HERBERT W MOONAmericus
Fourteenth DistrictPULASKI Bleckley Dooly
PETE PETTEYHawkinsville
Fifteenth DistrictTOOMBS Montgomery Wheeler
STEVE M HALL Lyons
Sixteenth DistrictEMANUEL Laurens Treutlen
HENRY C EDENFIELDSwainsboro
Seventeenth DistrictBURKE Jenkins Screven
FRANK M CATES Waynesboro
Eighteenth DistrictGLASCOCK Jefferson Richmond
HORACE C KELLEYIMitchell
Nineteenth DistrictGREENE Warren Taliaferro
ALLEN P ROPER Greensboro
Twentieth DistrictWASHINGTON Baldwin Hancock
C J LORDiRoute 2 Tennille
TwentyFirst DistrictWILKINSON Johnson Jones
EDWARD DuPREE Gordon
TwentySecond DistrictLAMAR Monroe Butts
JOE B ADAMS Barnesville
TwentyThird DistrictTAYLOR Crawford Peach
HUGH G CHEEKJllButler
TwentyFourth DistrictMARION Muscogee Chattahoochee O N SINGLETONLBuena Vista
TwentyFifth DistrictTALBOT Harris Upson
ROBERT H JORDANJilSTOftE Talbotton
TwentySixth DistrictFAYETTE Spalding Clayton
HARRY H RED WINEFayetteville
TwentySeventh DistrictOCONEE Jackson Barrow
WILLIAM H BREEDLOVE Watkinsville
10
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
TwentyEighth DistrictPUTNAM Morgan Jasper
DR E F GRIFFITHOOWTaiSliLiEytJonton
TwentyNinth DistrictMcDUFFIE Columbia Lincoln
E CHAS HAWESYaTTMilITH6mson
Thirtieth DistrictHART Madison Elbert
T H RISNERLiI1ijLHartwell
ThirtyFirst DistrictFRANKLIN Stephens Habersham
CLARENCE G CAMPBELLiiiiXLavonia
ThirtySecond DistrictWHITE Lumpkin Dawson
TOM C HOODiUBox 33 Cleveland
ThirtyThird DistrictBANKS Hall Forsyth
M O SCOGGINSLBaldwin
ThirtyFourth DistrictROCKDALE DeKalb Gwinnett
WM T DEAN Conyers
ThirtyFifth DistrictNEWTON Walton Henry
THOMAS G CALLAWAY JR Covington
ThirtySixth DistrictPIKE Coweta Meriwether
E L PARKER Meansville
ThirtySeventh DistrictHEARD Carroll Troup
J ARTIE ROGERSi Franklin
ThirtyEighth DistrictPOLK Paulding Haralson
JAMES I PARKERiCedartown
ThirtyNinth DistrictCHEROKEE Douglas Cobb
DR GRADY N COKER Canton
Fortieth DistrictRABUN Towns Union
HARRY L BROWNMountain City
FortyFirst DistrictFANNIN Gilmer Pickens
C W KIKERBlue Ridge
FortySecond DistrictFLOYD Bartow Chattooga
TOM CLEMMONSHYOJnaaiIELHMAL
Rome
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
11
FortyThird DistrictMURRAY Whitfield Gordon
KIRBY PARKCrandall
FortyFourth DistrictCATOOSA Dade Walker
O C ROLLINSTunnel Hill
FortyFifth DistrictTELFAIR Irwin Ben Hill
JIM C WALKERMcRae
FortySixth DistrictCOFFEE Pierce Bacon
CHAS M SIMS Douglas
FortySeventh DistrictTURNER Colquitt Tift
T E KENNEDY JRAshburn
FortyEighth DistrictWILCOX Crisp Dodge
CECIL D CRUMMEY Rochelle
FortyNinth DistrictCANDLER Evans Bulloch
P V STRIPLING Metter
Fiftieth DistrictWILKES Oglethorpe Clarke
JOHN E STODDARDWashington
FiftyFirst DistrictBIBB Twiggs Houston
J DOUGLAS CARLISLE Macon
FiftySecond DistrictFULTON
G EVERETT MILLICANAtlanta
FiftyThird DistrictCOOK Brooks Berrien
WILSON B WILKESAdel
FiftyFourth DistrictAPPLING Jeff Davis Tattnall
DR J T HOLT Baxley
II J AU K J
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STANDING COMMITTEES
OF THE
SENATE
TERM 19531954
14
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
AGRICULTURE COMMITTEE
Brown Chairman Lord ViceChairman Rogers Secretary
Adams of the 12th
Breedlove
Callaway
Coker
Dozier
Hall of the 9th
Hawes
Hood
Kelley
Kennedy
Killingsworth
Moon
Parker of the 36th
Pettey
Ramsey
Rollins
Scoggins
Shepherd
Stripling
Wilkes
AMENDMENTS TO THE CONSTITUTION COMMITTEE
Carlisle Chairman Kelley ViceChairman Jordan Secretary Blitch Brown Campbell Chism Crummey Dean Edenfield
Hall of the 15th Kiker
Killingsworth
Millican
Parker of the 36th Parker of the 38th Roper Singleton Stoddard
APPROPRIATIONS COMMITTEE
Callaway Chairman Holt ViceChairman Adams of the 22nd Secretary Adams of the 12th Brown Carlisle Cates Clemmons Dozier
Hall of the 15th Jordan
Kelley
Kennedy
Lord
Parker of the 36th
Pettey
Redwine
Rogers
Shepherd
Singleton
Stripling
Walker
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL AUDITING COMMITTEE
15
Ramsey Chairman Hood ViceChairman Pettey Secretary Breedlove Campbell Hendrix Risner
AVIATION COMMITTEE Crummey Chairman Cheek
Kennedy ViceChairman Adams of the 12th Secretary Browning DuPree Red wine
BANKS AND BANKING COMMITTEE Hawes Chairman Edenfield of the 4th
Moorman ViceChairman Campbell Secretary Adams of the 22nd Browning Callaway Dean Edenfield of the 16th Griffith Kiker Redwine Stoddard Stripling
CONGRESSIONAL AND LEGISLATIVE REAPPORTIONMENT COMMITTEE
Sims Chairman Griffith
Lord ViceChairman Hood Secretary Cheek Millican Rollins
CONSERVATION COMMITTEE Edenfield of the 16th Chmn Kiker
Hall of the 15th ViceChmn Shepherd of the 10th Secty Breedlove Brown Browning Cheek Holt Jordan Lord Pettey Redwine Rogers Rollins Roper Scoggins Stripling
16 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
COUNTIES AND COUNTY MATTERS COMMITTEE
Clemmons Chairman Risner ViceChairman Pettey Secretary
Adams of the 12th
Browning
Cates
Chism
Coker
Crummey
Dozier
Hall of the 9th
Killingsworth
Lord
Millican
Park
Parker of the 36th
Ramsey
Scoggins
Sims
Singleton
EDUCATION AND PUBLIC SCHOOLS COMMITTEE
Parker of the 36th Chairman Cheek ViceChairman Kiker Secretary
Adams of the 22nd
Blitch
Browning
Chism
Clemmons
Dozier
DuPree
Griffith
Hood
Killingsworth
Lord
Millican
Parker of the 38th Rogers Scoggins Stoddard
ENGROSSING AND ENROLLING COMMITTEE
Moon Chairman Wilkes ViceChairman Hall of the 15th Secretary Chism
Kelley
Park
Singleton
FINANCE COMMITTEE
Millican Chairman Park ViceChairman Chism Secretary Blitch Campbell Cheek Dean
Edenfield of the 4th Edenfield of the 16th Griffith
Hall of the 9th
Hawes
Kiker
Moon
Moorman
Ramsey
Sims
Stoddard
Wilkes
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 17
GAME AND FISH COMMITTEE
Cates Chairman Stripling ViceChairman Browning Secretary Adams of the 12th Adams of the 22nd Carlisle Clemmons Coker Edenfield of the 4th Hall of the 9th Hawes Hendrix Holt Hood Moon Parker of the 36th Rogers Rollins Roper Scoggins Singleton
GENERAL JUDICIARY COMMITTEE
Jordan Chairman Dean ViceChairman Singleton Secretary Adams of the 22nd Blitch Campbell Edenfield of the 16th Moon Moorman Sims
Callaway
HALLS AND ROOlviS COMMITTEE
Dozier Chairman Park
Hall of the 9th ViceChairman Sims
Crummey Secretary
HIGHWAYS AND PUBLIC ROADS COMMITTEE
Coker Chairman Adams of the 12th ViceChmn Crummey Secretary Adams of the 22nd Browning Campbell Cates DuPree Edenfield of the 16th Hall of the 15th Hawes Holt Jordan Kelley Kennedy Kiker Lord Millican Park Ramsey Red wine Risner Roper Scoggins Shepherd Sims Stripling
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS COMMITTEE
Dean Chairman Pettey ViceChairman Millican Secretary
Adams of the 22nd
Blitch
Chism
Clemmons
Hawes
Holt
Kennedy
Kiker
Redwine
Roper
Walker
INSURANCE COMMITTEE
Campbell Chairman Ramsey
Adams of the 22nd ViceChmn Risner
Holt Secretary Sims
Dean Walker
Parker of the 38th Wilkes
INTERSTATE COOPERATIVE COUNCIL OF STATE GOVERNMENT COMMITTEE
Dean Chairman Stoddard ViceChairman Callaway Secretary
Edenfield of the 16th Hall of the 15th
JOURNALS COMMITTEE
Griffith Chairman Breedlove
Wilkes ViceChairman Rollins
Cheek Secretary
MILITARY AFFAIRS COMMITTEE
Stoddard Chairman Browning ViceChairman Hendrix Secretary Campbell Carlisle
Cheek Crummey Hall of the 9th Moorman
MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT COMMITTEE
Redwine Chairman Roper ViceChairman Moorman Secretary Blitch Breedlove Callaway
Hendrix
Holt
Jordan
Millican
Parker of the 38th Stoddard
PENAL INSTITUTIONS COMMITTEE
Kennedy Chairman Hendrix
Cates ViceChairman Kelley
Cheek Secretary Moon
Adams of the 22nd Park
Crummey Risner
DuPree Shepherd
Hall of the 15th
PENSIONS COMMITTEE
Chism Chairman Hawes
Scoggins ViceChairman Stoddard
Breedlove Secretary Walker
Browning
20
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
PRIVILEGES AND ELECTIONS COMMITTEE
Parker of the 38th Chairman Rogers ViceChairman Callaway Secretary Carlisle Coker Dean
Hall of the 9th Hall of the 15th J ordan Millican Singleton
PUBLIC HEALTH COMMITTEE
Griffith Chairman Coker ViceChairman Holt Secretary Dozier DuPree
Moorman
Roper
Sims
Stripling
PUBLIC UTILITIES COMMITTEE
Killingsworth Chairman Hood
Shepherd ViceChairman Jordan
Hendrix Secretary Moorman
Callaway Pettey
Crummey Redwine
Hawes Rogers
PUBLIC WELFARE COMMITTEE
Walker Chairman DuPree ViceChairman Blitch Secretary
Adams of the 22nd
Brown
Carlisle
Clemmons
Griffith
Hawes
Holt
Lord
Moon
Parker of the 36th Rollins
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL RULES COMMITTEE
21
Mr President Chairman Edenfield of the 4th ViceChm Sims Secretary
Adams of the 12th
Callaway
Campbell
Carlisle
Cates
Clemmons
Coker
Dozier
Hall of the 15th
Hendrix
Kennedy
Killingsworth
Millican
Parker of the 36th
Shepherd
Singleton
Walker
Wilkes
SPECIAL JUDICIARY COMMITTEE
Hall of the 15th Chairman Carlisle ViceChairman Parker of the 38th Secretary Brown Crummey
Griffith
Millican
Roper
Wilkes

STATE OF THE REPUBLIC COMMITTEE
Blitch Chairman Rogers ViceChairman Hall of the 9th Secretary Adams of the 12th Carlisle Cates Clemmons Coker
Edenfield of the 4th Edenfield of the 16th
Kelley
Kennedy
Killingsworth
Pettey
Ramsey
Risner
Sims
Singleton
Walker
TEMPERANCE COMMITTEE
Singleton Chairman Hendrix
Hall of the 9th ViceChairman Pettey
Adams of the 12th Secretary Risner
Hall of the 15th
22 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
UNIFORM LAWS COMMITTEE
Carlisle Chairman Brown ViceChairman Jordan Secretary
UNIVERSITY SYSTEM
Wilkes Chairman h Moon ViceChairman Moorman Secretary Brown Cates Cheek Chism Coker Dean Dozier
Crummey Hall of the 15th Singleton
OF GEORGIA COMMITTEE DuPree
Edenf ield of the 4th
Griffith
Jordan
Kelley
Pettey
Redwine
Rogers
Rollins
VETERANS AFFAIRS COMMITTEE
DuPree Chairman Hood ViceChairman Parker of the 38th Secretary Blitch Callaway Hendrix
J ordan Kennedy Killingsworth Millican Shepherd
WESTERN AND ATLANTIC RAILROAD COMMITTEE
Rollins Chairman Hall of the 9th
Park ViceChairman Killingsworth
Hood Secretary Stripling
Breedlove Walker
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
25
THE PRESIDENT
Rule 1 The President shall in his discretion suspend irrelevant debate and command silence whenever he may deem it needful
Rule 2 In all cases the President shall not vote unless the Senate shall be equally divided In all cases where a fixed constitutional vote is required to pass the bill or measure under consideration and said bill or measure shall lack only one vote to pass the same the President may vote
Rule 3 When two or more Senators shall rise at the same time the President shall name the Senator entitled to proceed
Rule 4 All committees shall be appointed by the President unless otherwise ordered by the Senate
Rule 5 The method of stating the question on any motion by the President shall be as follows All in favor of the motion will say Aye Those opposed will say No And when a decision may seem doubtful to the President or a division of the Senate is called for by any one member of the Senate the President shall call upon the Senators in favor of the motion to rise and after a count is had by the Secretary he shall call upon the Senators to reverse their positions and the President shall announce the result
Rule 6 The President may during a days sitting name any Senator to perform the duties of the Chair during any part of that sitting but no longer
Discretion of President
When President shall vote
Right of Senator to the floor to be decided by the President
President to appoint committees
Method of stating a question by the President
President may name Senator to preside
26 legislative manual
Duty of Secretary when President absent Whenever from any cause the PresiSha jbe abjent the President pro tempore reterTS trf SH be the Sec 57 Lthf Senate shall call the Senate to order and shall preside until a President pro shall hP thiUr bt 1fleted which said election shall be the first business of the Senate The w tempore thus elected shall preside until the return of one of the first named officers when his functions shall cease
When no debate on appeals Rule 8 On all appeals on questions of order of a personal character there shall be no debate
Appeals to be made at once appfal from the decisions of the Chair shall be made immediately and no appeal shall be m order after other business hi fnte Chair W time the alIeed error of the made d b fore 8811 appeal is sought to be
Power of President to suspend subordinate officers suspml fho Mbe President shall have power to th Messenger and Doorkeepers for misconduct or neglect of duty and when such sus aS 6en ade he shaI1 port the same IfnGnatb Wihm twentyfour hours there fn Sh actl as the Senate may see fit to take m the premises
When President may order galleries and lobbies cleared Ruie ii The President shall have power to clearedhhvand lobbis f the Senate p Messenger and Doorkeepers in bf t bance or disorderly conduct thereSndW CfUSe an7 Person or persons so ofbl ofu nd brought before the of the Senate With for contempt
No quorum voting duty of President anvntiiiV len iess than a quorum vote on any subject under consideration by the Senate
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
27
the President may order the door of the Senate to be closed and the roll of Senators called by the Secretary and if it is ascertained that a quorum is present either by answering to their names or by their presence in the Senate and any Senator present then refuses to vote unless excused such refusal shall be deemed a contempt of the Senate
Rule 13 The President may at any time order the roll called on any question and take the vote by yeas and nays where a division of the Senate discloses the fact that a quorum of the Senate has not voted
Rule 14 All questions as to priority of business to be acted on shall be decided by the President without debate
ON DECORUM AND DEBATE
Rule 15 When any Senator is about to speak in debate or deliver any matter to the Senate he shall rise from his seat and respectfully address himself to Mr President He shall be confined to matter in debate shall speak not more than twice on any subject nor more than once until every member choosing to speak shall have spoken During all sessions all individual speeches on bills and resolutions shall be limited to thirty minutes unless extended by a majority of a quorum and on all points of personal privileges shall be limited to ten minutes If any Senator in speaking or otherwise trangress the rules of the Senate the President shall call him to order in which case the Senator so called to order shall immediately sit down unless permitted Lo explain The Senate shall if appealed to decide and the decision of the Senate be not submitted to the delinquent for the first offense
When President may order vote taken by yeas and nays
Decision on questions of priority
Conduct of
Senators
debate
Appeals
28
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
Expulsion See Rule 17
Exception to Words spoken
shall be reproved for the second fined in a sum not exceeding ten dollars and continuing refractory may be expelled from the Senate by a twothirds vote of the Senators which said vote shall be taken by yeas and nays
Rule 16 If any Senator be called to order for words spoken the words excepted to shall be taken down m writing by the Secretary and read then admitted denied or explained by the Senator who spoke and thereupon the questions of order shall be decided and such other proceedings had as the Senate may deem proper in regard thereto Provided that if at the time the oenate is acting under the previous question such question of order and other proceedings referred to shall not be taken up for decision until after the previous question and the main question have been disposed of or until such further time as may then be ordered by the Senate But no Senator shall be held to answer or be subject to the censure of the Senate for words spoken m debate if any other Senator has spoken or other business has intervened after the words were spoken and before the exception to them was taken
Silence
Rule 17 The members of the Senate shall forbear from private conversation and preserve silence until a speaking Senator shall have taken his seat
Mode of
designating
Senators
Shall not vote when interested in result
Rule 18 The Senators shall avoid naming each other when they may have occasion to take notice of their observations but may designate them by the districts they represent
Rule 19 No Senator shall vote upon any question in the result of which he is personally
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
29
interested and in every case where the seat of a Senator is being contested the sitting Senator and the contestant shall both retire from the Senate before the vote is taken
Rule 20 Any Senator may have entered on the Journal a protest in writing against the action of the Senate said protest shall clearly and succinctly set forth the grounds of such protest and shall not be argumentative nor arraign nor impugn the motive of the Senate nor any members thereof
Rule 21 No Senator shall address the Senate nor interrogate a Senator who is speaking except through the President and if the Senator speaking declines to be interrupted the President shall cause the Senator desiring to interrogate him to be silent
Rule 22 No Senator shall pass between the Chair and a Senator while he is speaking nor shall any Senator at the time of adjournment leave his seat until the President retires
Rule 23 No Senator shall in debate refer to any private conversation had with another Senator or to any matters which have transpired in any committee or in the House except as to the final action taken by the House in any pending matter
Rule 24 In nominating candidates for any office no laudatory remarks shall be allowed nor shall any other candidate be disparaged
Rule 25 Applause or hisses in the Senate Chamber or in the galleries or lobby during any speech or legislative proceedings shall be promptly suppressed
Protests
Duty while Senator is speaking and at adjournment
Restrictions in debate
Applause and hisses forbidden
30
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
No debate during yeas and nays
Only one motion be made at a time
Explana
tion
Reading of papers
Motion to excuse when made
Excuses from voting
Rule 26 During the calling or reading of yeas and nays on any question no debate shall be had
Rule 27 No Senator can make more than one motion at a time and while the motion is being put to the Senate he must resume his seat and he is not further entitled to the floor unless again recognized by the President
Rule 28 On all questions except such as are not debatable any Senator on the call of the yeas and nays shall be allowed five minutes as a matter of right in which to e2plain his vote Where the vote on any question is not taken by yeas and nays no Senator shall be allowed to explain except by unanimous consent No motion or request shall be entertained to vary this rule nor to extend a Senators time for explaining
Rule 29 When the reading of any paper is called for and the same is objected to by any Senator it shall be determined by a vote of the Senate and this motion shall be decided without debate
Rule 30 A motion to excuse a Senator from voting must be made before the Senate divides or before the call of the yeas and nays is commenced and it shall be decided without debate except that the Senator making the motion may briefly state the reason why in his opinion it ought to prevail
Rule 31 No Senator shall be allowed to address himself to any question and then move to table the bill resolution or motion or move the previous question thereon without relinquishing the floor
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
31
DIVISION OF A QUESTION
Rule 32 Any one Senator may call for a division of the question on a subject in which the sense thereof will admit of it
Rule 33 The Senator calling for a division must state into how many and definitely what parts he would have the question divided Each part of the divided proposition must be so distinct that if taken away the remainder can stand by itself and be consistent and entire
BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS
Rule 34 All bills and resolutions shall be called in the order in which they stand on the calendar and before reading any bill or resolution the second or third time the Secretary shall distinctly state its number and the name of the Senator by whom introduced Provided that the General Appropriation Bill and the General Tax Bill shall have precedence on third reading over all other matters even Special Orders until the said bills shall have been finally disposed of
Rule 35 Every motion or request to take up general bills or resolutions out of their regular order and every motion or request for special orders shall be submitted in writing and reported upon by the Committee on Rules before being submitted to the Senate
Rule 36 No debate shall be admitted upon any bill at the first reading Upon the introduction of any bill or resolution or other matter requiring reference to a committee the President shall as a matter of course and without de
Call for division
Division how made
Bills and resolutions called in order
Proviso What motions to be in writing
Question on first heading
32
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
Effect of favorable report of committee
Adverse report of committee
Bills when withdrawn
Reports of committees order of action
bate commit the same to the proper committee unless otherwise ordered by the Senate In case of engrossment of any bill or other matter the entry thereof shall be made by the Secretary and the bill or other matter shall not be amendable thereafter unless subsequently committed
Rule 37 Where the report of a committee is favorable to the passage of a bill etc the same shall be read a second time and passed to a third reading without question unless recommitted Where the report of a committee is adverse to the passage of a bill etc in order to have a second reading thereof any Senator may at the time such report is made give notice of intention to move at the proper time to disagree to such adverse committee report when the question shall be upon agreeing to the report of the committee If the report of the committee is agreed to the bill etc shall be lost If the report of the committee is disagreed to the bill etc shall be passed to a third reading unless recommitted Provided that no bill etc adversely reported shall be taken up for a second reading except by motion of some Senator Any bill etc may be withdrawn at any stage thereof by consent of the Senate
Rule 38 When a bill etc favorably reported by a committee is on its third or last reading if the report of the committee is disagreed to by the Senate the bill or measures shall be lost unless the action of the Senate in disagreeing to the committee report is reconsidered within the proper time
Rule 39 The President shall not recognize any Senator at any time for the purpose of asking unanimous consent to place any general bill
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
33
on its passage out of its regular order Neither shall he recognize any request for unanimous consent for the introduction of new matter or to read any bill or resolution the second time or to place any local bill or resolution on its passage except during the first thirty minutes after the confirmation of the Journal The President shall entertain but one unanimous consent at any one time
Rule 40 Where a bill or a resolution has been referred and reported by more than one committee or has been reported on and recommitted to the same committee the last committee report shall be acted on by the Senate
Rule 41 All bills and resolutions shall be written or printed and shall have the name of the Senator introducing the same as well as the district he represents indorsed on the back of the same and in the case of bills the caption of the bill shall also be indorsed on the same All bills and resolutions having the force and effect of law shall when introduced have attached an exact copy and said copy shall be retained by the Secretary subject to use as information but the original bill or resolution shall be for the exclusive use of the Senate and the committee to which it is assigned and shall be the official bill or resolution of the Senate and shall not be subject to any other use
Rule 42 No bill shall be printed until after the same has been reported to the Senate by the committee to which it has been referred or by request of said committee and the order of the Senate agreeing thereto
Rule 42A During all sessions of the General
Bills and resolutions to be in writing
How
indorsed
Bills when printed
34
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
Bill when
printed
all sessions
Transmission to House by majority vote
Order of precedence
Assembly all bills and resolutions having the I effect of law except purely local bills shall up I on being reported back to the Senate with recoin I mendation that the bill or resolution do pass be I printed or mimeographed and a copy placed upon 1 each Senators desk at least one hour before 1 such bill or resolution shall be read a third time
Rule 43 No bill or resolution shall be trans 1 mitted to the House on the day of passage there I of unless a majority of the Senators present shall so order
Rule 44 The Committee on Rules during the I last fifteen legislative days of each session shall arrange and fix the calendar of business for each I day and such calendar of business shall be a I standing and continuing special order during said period and no matter shall be taken up or acted I on otherwise than in the order and manner fixed I by such calendar except by a threefourths vote of those present
PRECEDENCE OF MOTIONS
Rule 45 When any subject is before the Senate for consideration or under debate no motion shall be received except the following towit
1st A motion to adjourn
2nd A motion to lay on table
3rd A motion for the previous question
4th A motion to postpone indefinitely
5th A motion to postpone to a day certain
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35
6th A motion to commit
7th A motion to amend
Which said several motions shall have preceI dence in the order named
MOTION TO ADJOURN
Rule 46 A motion to adjourn is in no instance I debatable nor shall said motion be made a second I time until further progress has been made in the I business before the Senate A motion to adjourn I in its simple form shall not be amended
Rule 47 A motion to adjourn to a particular I day or for a particular time if made when the I Senate is not actually engaged in other business
I is debatable and is amendable as to the day or I time proposed
Rule 48 The motion to adjourn can be made at any time when the Senator moving it can legitimately obtain the floor
Rule 49 A motion to adjourn may be made after the motion for the previous question has been sustained but when the Senate has voted that the main question shall be now put no motion to adjourn is in order nor shall any moi tion to adjourn be in order after the Secretary
has called the first name of the ayes and nays
and a vote of one Senator has been given or
after a division of the Senate has been had on a vote and the vote is in process of being counted and announced
Rule 50 When a motion to adjourn in its simple form prevails it adjourns the Senate to the next sitting day or time in course
Not debatable when may be renewed Amendment
When
debatable
When
made
When not in order
Effect of adjournment
36
Hours of adjournment What business postponed
Amendment or substitute cannot be laid on table
How matters may be taken from table
When
renewed
Not debatable or amendable
What can be tabled
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Rule 51 Whenever the hour of adjournment as fixed by a prior resolution shall arrive while the vote of the Senate is being taken by the yeas and nays the session shall continue until the final vote is taken and announced and if said fixed hour of adjournment shall arrive while the Senate is acting on the main question after a motion for the previous question has been sustained and before the vote on the main question is being taken either by a division or by the yeas and nays as aforesaid the Senate shall stand adjourned by virtue of said prior resolution
MOTIONS TO LAY ON THE TABLE
Rule 52 No motion to lay an amendment or substitute on the table shall be in order
Rule 53 A majority of a quorum voting may take from the table at any time when the Senate is not engaged on any other measure any bill resolution or other paper which has been ordered to lie on the table and when so taken from the table it is thereby restored to its appropriate place on the calendar
Rule 54 A motion to lay on the table or to take from the table can be renewed from time to time when new business has intervened between the votes
Rule 55 Neither the motion to lay on the I table nor the motion to take from the table is i debatable or amendable If

Rule 56 Nothing can be legitimately laid on I the table excepting what can be taken up again I
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37
Rule 57 A motion to lay on the table may be made after the motion for the previous question has been sustained but when the Senate has voted that the main question shall be now put no motion to lay on the table is in order
THE MOTION FOR THE PREVIOUS QUESTION
Rule 58 The motion for the previous question shall be decided without debate and shall take precedence of all other motions except motions to adjourn or to layon the table and when it is moved the first question shall be Shall the call for the previous question be sustained If this be decided by a majority vote m the affirmative the motion to adjourn or to lay on the table can still be made but they made before the next question towit Shall the main question be now put is decided in the affirmative and after said last question is affirmatively decided by a majority vote said motions will be out of order and the Senate cannot adjourn until the previous question is exhausted or the regular hour of adjournment arrives
Rule 59 When the previous question has been ordered the Senate shall then proceed to the main question without debate except that before the main question is put twenty minutes shall be allowed to the committee whose report of the bill or other measure is under consideration to close the debate When the report Kii 6 commttee is adverse to the passage of the v it u er measure the introducer of the bill shall be allowed twenty minutes before the time allowed to the committee for closing the debate
When in order
Effect of
previous
question
Twenty minutes debate allowed
38
Vote how taken
Yeas and nays Onefifth necessary
Effect of main question being ordered
Reconsideration when in order
Contested
elections
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
The Chairman of the committee or the introducer of the bill or other measure may yield the floor to such Senators as he may indicate for the time or any part of it allowed under this rule
Rule 60 After the main question is ordered any Senator may call for a division of the Senate in taking the vote or may call for the yeas and nays but on all questions on which the yeas and nays are called the assent of onefifth of the number present shall be necessary to sustain the call and when such call is sustained the yeas and nays shall be entered on the Journal
Rule 61 The effect of the order that the main question be now put is to bring the Senate to a vote on pending questions in the order in which they stood before it was moved
Rule 62 After the main question has been ordered a motion to reconsider this action will 1 if adopted have the effect to repeal the ordering I of both the main question and the previous ques I tion and will leave the pending measure again I open to debate and amendment This motion to I reconsider the ordering of the main question can I be made only once and if lost or if the main I question is again subsequently ordered on the I pending measure no second motion to reconsider I the ordering of the main question shall be enter I tained
Rule 63 In all cases where a minority report I has been submitted on any matter if the previous I question is ordered there shall be twenty nun utes allowed to the members of said committee whose name is first signed to said minority re
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
39
port or to such member or members as he may indicate for the time so allowed or any part of it before the twenty minutes allowed to the Chairman submitting the majority report
Rule 64 The previous question may be called and ordered upon a single motion or an amendment or jt may be made to embrace all authorized motions or amendments and include the entire bill to its passage or rejection
Rule 65 A call of the Senate shall not be in order after the previous question is ordered unless it shall appear upon an actual count by the President that a quorum is not present
Rule 66 All incidental questions of order arising after a motion is made for the previous question and pending such motion shall be decided whether on appeal or otherwise without debate
MOTIONS TO INDEFINITELY POSTPONE
Rule 67 When a bill resolution or other measure is under consideration on the final reading thereof a motion to indefinitely postpone if decided in the affirmative by a majority of a quorum thereby disposes of said bill resolution or other measure for the session
Rule 68 The motion to indefinitely postpone lays open the whole question for debate but il cannot be amended
Rule 69 While the motion to indefinitely postpone takes precedence over a motion to postP01 a day certain or to commit or amend yet this motion cannot be applied to said motions
How called and ordered
Call of the Senate when in order
Questions of order
Effect
Not amendable
When cannot be applied
40 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL nor can it be applied to incidental questions such as questions of order reading of papers withdrawal of a motion and suspension of a rule
Not renewed Rule 70 No motion to indefinitely postpone shall be renewed on any Mil resolution or other measure after the same has once been voted down
Debate when and how allowed MOTION TO POSTPONE TO A DAY CERTAIN Rule 71 On a motion to postpone to a day certain it is not in order to debate the merits of the question proposed to be postponed Debate may be allowed but it shall be confined strictly to the proposition to postpone and to show why one day is preferred to another This motion cannot be renewed or made a second time to the same measure on the same day Rule 72 The motion to postpone to a day certain cannot be applied to subordinate or incidental questions but only to the whole measure It is amendable by substituting one day or time for another If a day proposed is known to be beyond the limits of the Session the motion shall be treated as one to indefinitely postpone
Motion to commit MOTION TO COMMIT Rule 73 Motions to commit may be made to refer a bill resolution or other measure to a standing or special committee
Precedence of Rule 74 A motion to commit to a standing committee takes precedence over a motion to commit to a special committee and shall be first voted on
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
41
Rule 75 On a motion simply to commit no debate shall be allowed but where instructions are added the merits of the question can be debated
Rule 76 A motion to commit may be amended by adding instructions or by substituting another committee for the one named by the Senator making the motion
Rule 77 Any proposition that has been referred to any committee either standing or special may on motion be recommitted to the same or any other committee by a majority of a quorum
MOTION TO AMEND
Rule 78 There are three ways in which a proposition may be amended towit
1st By inserting or adding words
2nd By striking out words
3rd By striking out and inserting words
An amendment is itself subject to be amended in all three of the ways above mentioned but it is not admissible to amend an amendment to an amendment Any irrelevant amendment or amendment obviously offered for the purpose of delay shall be ruled out of order by the President
Rule 79 When a bill or resolution is before the Senate for consideration and amendments are pending thereto and a substitute shall be offered for said bill or resolution and an amendment shall be offered to said substitute it shall be in order for the Senate to first perfect the original bill or resolution and then perfect the
When
debatable
How amended
Motion to recommit
Amendments how made
Bill first perfected then the substitute
42 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
When too late to amend substitute The question shall then be on agreeing to the substitute as amended if it be amended and if decided in the affirmative the question shall be Shall this bill pass or resolution be adopted as the case may be bv substitute Rule 80 An amendment cannot be offered after the report of the committee to whom was referred the bill or resolution under consideration has been agreed to by the Senate unless said action of the Senate in so agreeing to said report of said committee shall first be reconsidered
Must be in writing Rule 81 All motions to amend any matter before the Senate must be in writing and must plainly and distinctly set forth the amendment desired and the part of the bill or resolution where said amendment shall be inserted or added
Priority Rule 82 On all questions whether in committee or in the Senate the last amendment the most distant day and the largest sum shall be first put
Blanks i Rule 83 Where blanks occur in any proposition they must be filled first before any motion is made to amend
Caption when amended Rule 84 The caption or preamble of a bill or resolution shall not be considered or amended until the measure has been perfected
Amending by sections Rule 85 When a proposition consisting of several sections or resolutions is on a final reading and the Senate shall agree to a motion to consider the same by sections or paragraphs the Secretary in reading the same shall pause at the end of each section or resolution and the amendments thereto shall be offered as the several sections or resolutions are read but the amendments offered by the committee to whom
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
43
said bill or resolution was referred shall be read by the secretary without any motion being made in the Senate and when a section or resolution shall have been considered it is not in order to recur back and amend it
Rule 86 When a motion is made to amend by striking out and inserting the Secretary shall read the paragraph as it is then the words to be stricken out and finally the whole paragraph as it would be if amended
Rule 87 When a motion is made to amend by striking out a paragraph any amendment offered to perfect the paragraph shall be put first before the question is put for striking it out
Rule 88 When any bill or resolution which originated in the Senate has been amended in the House and is before the Senate for action on the House amendment an amendment may be offered in the Senate to the House amendment but the Senate amendment to the House amendment cannot be further amended it must be agreed to or voted down
Rule 89 A motion to amend an amendment made by the House to a Senate bill or resolution takes precedence of a motion to agree or disagree to said amendment
Rule 90 The questions which arise before the Senate respecting amendments by the House to a Senate bill or resolution are
1st A motion to agree to the House amendment
Amendments by striking out and inserting
Priority of amendment to perfect
Amending
House
amendments
See Buie 129
Priority
Priority of questions on House amendments
44
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
2nd A motion to disagree to the House amendment 3rd A motion to recede from its disagreement or amendment 4th A motion to insist on its disagreement or amendment 5th A motion to adhere to its disagreement or amendment They take precedence in the above order RECONSIDERATION
Motion to reconsider Rule 91 When the Journal of the preceding day shall be read it shall be in the power of any Senator to move for reconsideration of any matter therein contained except such matter that has been previously reconsidered provided such Senator shall notify the Senate of his intention to move such reconsideration at any time before the Journal is confirmed
Shall not be withdrawn when Rule 92 The notice of a motion to reconsider shall not be withdrawn after the time has elapsed within which it might originally have been made
When there may be one reconsideration Rule 93 No matter shall be reconsidered more than once
When in order Rule 94 Motions for reconsideration shall be m order immediately after the time for unanimous consents on the day succeeding the action sought to be reconsidered except that any matter which could not be reconsidered on the succeeding day shall be in order for reconsideration on the day of said action Provided a motion to
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
reconsider the action of the Senate ordering immediate transmission of any bill or resolution to the House shall be made and disposed of before the transaction of other business
Rule 95 The action of the Senate upon an amendment may be reconsidered at any time before final action upon the section bill or resolution to which it relates
Rule 96 All bills reconsidered shall take their place at the foot of the calendar of bills then in order for a third reading
ABSENTEES
Rule 97 The rollcall at the opening of each session of the Senate shall not be dispensed with except by a majority vote of the Senators present
Rule 98 Upon the call of the Senators ordinary and extraordinary the names of the absentees shall be noted by the Secretary and shall appear upon the Journal
COMPELLING ATTENDANCE
Rule 99 The power to compel the attendance of Senators in order to keep or secure a quorum shall be vested in the President and to this end he may have the doors of the Senate closed When the doors are so closed no Senator shall be allowed to retire from the Senate without first obtaining leave from the Senate
The Messenger of the Senate shall be exofficio SergeantatArms of the Senate and on order of the President may arrest any absentees
Amendments
when
reconsidered
Place on calendar
Morning
rollcall
dispensed
with by
majority
vote
Names of absentees noted
Sergeantatarms Power to compel attendance
46 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL and bring them before the Senate when necessary to secure a quorum as aforesaid
Call how ordered CALL OF THE SENATE Rule 100 Whenever the result of a vote taken shall disclose the fact that no quorum of the Senate is present or when the President shall officially state the fact to the Senate it shall be in order for any Senator to make a motion for a call of the Senate and when this mo
Subsequent proceedings tion is made the President shall state the question as follows Shall the motion for the call of the Senate prevail and if five of the Senators present shall vote in the affirmative the President shall order the Secretary to call the roll of Senators and the absentees shall be noted the doors shall then be closed after which the names of the absentees shall again be called over and those who do not appear and who are absent without leave may by order of the majority of the Senators present be sent for and arrested wherever they may be found by officers to be appointed by the Messenger for that purpose and their attendance secured and the Senate shall determine upon what conditions they shall be discharged
Messages MISCELLANEOUS RULES Rule 101 When a message is sent to the Senate it shall be announced at the door of the Senate by the Doorkeeper and be respectfully communicated to the Chair by the person through whom it may be sent
Messages when received and considered Rule 102 Messages may be received at any time while the door is open except while a question is being put or a ballot or a viva voce vote
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47
is being taken A message shall be presented to the Senate by the President when received or afterwards according to its nature and the business on which the Senate is engaged or its consideration may on motion be ordered by the Senate
Rule 103 After a motion is stated by the President or read by the Secretary it shall be deemed to be in the possession of the Senate but may be withdrawn at any time before decision by consent of the Senate
Rule 104 Any member presenting a petition I memorial or remonstrance shall as concisely as practicable intimate the name and object of the petitioner memorialist or remonstrant which shall be noted on the Journal and the paper may then be referred without reading
Rule 105 Any motion to suspend the rules or change the order of business shall be decided without debate
Rule 106 Any motion not privileged containing new matters shall lie at least one day on the table
Rule 107 Whenever on any question the yeas and nays shall have been ordered the Secretary shall also enter on the Journal the names of 1 those members not voting
Rule 108 Where a motion is made by any Senator it shall not be necessary that the same shall be seconded before being put to the Senate
Rule 109 After the announcement of the standing committees no other Senators shall be placed thereon unless it be at the request of a
Motions
Petitions
memorials
etc
No debate
Motions not privileged
Record
Not necessary to second motion
Committees how and when enlarged
48
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
Privileges of the floor
Duty of Committee on Journals
Adjourn
ment
majority of the committee to be added thereto except when Senators have been elected to fill vacancies caused by death or otherwise the President may assign said Senators to such committees as he may see fit and he may fill any vacancy in chairmanships
Rule 110 No person shall be allowed to enter upon the floor of the Senate except the Senators and officers of the Senate the officers and members of the House the President of the United States and Cabinet members the Governor of the State and the heads of the offices of the Executive Department exGovernors Judges of the Supreme Court and Court of Appeals in actual commission expresiding officers of the Senate and House members of Congress from Georgia Governors and members of the Legislature of any State of the United States members of the press actually reporting legislative proceedings and such others as the Senate may allow upon recommendation of the Committee on Rules but the privilege of the floor shall be extended to no person for a period longer than two days and not more than twice during any session
Rule 111 It shall be the duty of the committee on Journals to read the Journal of each days proceedings and report to the Senate that the same is correct before the Journal is read by the Secretary
Rule 112 The hours of the morning sessions of the Senate shall be from 10 oclock A M to one oclock P M when the Senate shall stand adjourned until ten oclock A M of the next succeeding day Sundays excepted unless otherwise ordered by the Senate
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49
Rule 113 A motion for the call of the yeas and nays shall be decided without debate
Rule 114 All writs warrants subpoenas issued by order of the Senate shall be signed by the President and attested by the Secretary
Rule 115 It shall be the duty of the Messenger to attend to the wants of the Senate while in session to aid in the enforcement of order under the direction of the President and to execute the demands of the Senate from time to time together with all such processes issued under its authority as may be directed to him by the President
Rule 116 The Messenger under the direction of the Secretary shall superintend the distribution by the Pages of all documents and papers to be distributed to the members he shall distribute to the members the usual and necessary stationery required by them
Rule 117 No committee shall deface or interline a bill resolution or other paper referred to said committee but shall report any amendments recommended on separate paper noting the section page or line to which said amendments relate
Rule 118 No pairing of members shall be recognized or allowed as an excuse for not voting
Rule 119 Whenever any Senator moves that a Committee of Conference on disagreeing votes of the two Houses naming the number of members be appointed if said motion prevails the President shall appoint a committee on the part of the Senate and in such case the committee shall consist only of such Senators as voted in
Motion for yeas and naya not debatable
Signature of President and Secretary
Duty of Messenger
Messengers duty in distributing documents etc
Interlineation forbidden
Pairing
Committees of Conference
50
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
Amendments the majority on the position assumed by the Senate and if by inadvertence any Senator be nominated on said committee who was not in said majority vote he shall notify the Senate and be excused by the President Rule 120 After commitment of a bill and report thereof to the Senate it may be amended before the report of the committee is agreed to by the Senate but the amendments if any reported by the committee shall be disposed of before any other amendment be considered unless it be an amendment to a committee amendment
Free debate Rule 121 No Senator shall after debating any question and before yielding the floor be allowed to submit any motion the effect of which shall be to prevent further debate
Motion Rule 122 No motion on a subject different from that under consideration shall be admitted under color of amendment If a motion be made to strike out a part of a bill or resolution a motion to amend the part proposed to be stricken out shall be first on order
Majority and minority reports Rule 123 All reports of a committee shall be m writing and the minority of a committee may make a report in writing setting forth succinctly the reasons for their dissent
W hat motions lie on table Rule 124 Every motion for information from the Executive or other Departments shall lie on the table one day unless referred to a committee by vote of the Senate
Changing votes Rule 125 On the call of the yeas and nays the Secretary shall read the names of the Senators after they have been called and no Senator
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
51
shall be permitted to change his vote unless he at that time declares that he voted under a mistake of the question
Rule 126 Questions of the privilege shall be first those affecting the rights of the Senate collectively its safety dignity and the integrity of its proceedings second the rights reputation and conduct of Senators individually in their representative capacity only and shall have precedence of all other questions Provided that when any matter is pending before the Senate no question of personal privilege shall be acted on until the pending question is disposed of
Rule 127 In all elections a majority of the Senators present shall be necessary to a choice
Rule 128 No bill or resolution appropriating money shall become a law unless upon its passage the yeas and nays are called and recorded All bills for raising revenue or appropriating money must originate in the House of Representatives but the Senate may propose or concur in amendments as in other bills
Rule 129 Whenever the Constitution requires a vote of twothirds of either or both Houses for the passage of an act or resolution the yeas and nays on the passage thereof shall be entered on the Journal and when any amendment to the Constitution shall be agreed to by a twothirds vote of members elected such proposed amendment or amendments shall be entered on the Journal in full with the yeas and nays taken thereon
Questions of privilege
Elections
Appropriating money yeas and nays called and recorded Must originate in House of Representatives
Amendment to Constitution entered in full in journals
Rule 130 The first and second reading of local bills shall consist of the reading of the titles only unless said bill is ordered engrossed
Caption or title only to be read in local bills
52
Secretary to take oath and give bond
Oath of enrolling and engrossing Clerks
Must be examined by Engrossing and Enrolling Committee and be recommended by it as competent
Secretary must enter on journals proceedings of joint sessions
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Rule 131 The Secretary and Assistant Secretary shall before entering on their duties as such take an oath before their presiding officer to discharge their duties faithfully and to the best of their skill and knowledge and the Secretary shall enter into bond in the sum of 5000 conditioned for faithful discharge of his duties Said bond to be approved by President of the Senate
Rule 132 All engrossing and enrolling clerks before entering upon the discharge of their respective duties shall take an oath before the President of the Senate to discharge their duties faithfully and to the best of their skill and knowledge of which a minute shall be made and entered on the Journals and no journalizing recording enrolling or engrossing clerk shall be appointed by the Secretary of the Senate until such clerk has been examined by the Engrossing and Enrolling Committee and certified to be competent and well qualified for the discharge of the duties required of him and shall be removed at any time upon recommendation of the Engrossing and Enrolling Committee
Rule 133 When there is a meeting of both branches of the General Assembly in joint session the Secretary shall enter in the journal of the Senate the proceedings of the same
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53
COMMITTEES
Rule 134 The President shall appoint the following standing committees
Committee on Agriculture
Committee on Amendments to Constitution Committee on Appropriations
Committee on Auditing
Committee on Aviation
Committee on Banks and Banking
Committee on Congressional and Legislative Reapportionment
Committee on Conservation
Committee on Counties and County Matters Committee on Education and Public Schools Committee on Engrossing and Enrolling Committee on Finance
Committee on Game and Fish
Committee on General Judiciary
Committee on Halls and Rooms
Committee on Highways and Public Roads Committee on Public Health
Committee on Industrial Relations
Committee on Insurance
Committee on Interstate Cooperative Council of State Government
Committee on Journals
Committee on Military Affairs
Committee on Mines and Mining
Committee on Motor Vehicles
Committee on Municipal Government Committee on Penal Institutions
Committee on Pensions
54
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
Committee on Privileges and Elections
Committee on Public Utilities
Committee on Public Welfare
Committee on Rules
Committee on Special Judiciary
Committee on State of the Republic
Committee on Temperance
Committee on Uniform Laws
Committee on University System of Georgia
Committee on Veteran Affairs
Committee on Western and Atlantic Railroad
The Chairman and ViceChairman of the Committee on Appropriations shall be exofficio members of the Committee on Finance and the Chairman and ViceChairman of the Committee on Finance shall be exofficio members of the Committee on Appropriations That the President of the Senate be an exofficio member of all standing committees of the Senate but shall have no vote as an exofficio member except on the Committee on Rules of which he is chairman
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ORDER OF BUSINESS
Rule 135 The following shall be the order of business
1 Prayer by the Chaplain
2 Call of the Roll
3 Report of Committee on Journals
4 Notices of motions to reconsider
5 Reading the Journal
6 Motions to reconsider
7 Confirmations of the Journal
8 Unanimous consents
9 Reports of Standing Committees
10 Reports of Select Committees
11 Messages from the Governor
12 Unfinished business
13 Special Orders and Orders of the Day
14 Messages from the House of Representatives
15 Introduction of bills etc the first time on Mondays Wednesdays and Thursdays
16 Reading House Bills etc the first time for reference
17 Reading bills etc second time favorably reported from committees
18 Consideration of bills etc adversely reported on Tuesdays and Fridays
19 Reading for third time of bills etc ready for passage
20 Motions resolutions and petitions
Rule 136 The report of the Committee on Rules shall be in order at any time and mes
56
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
sages from the Governor or from the House of Representatives may be received under any order of business
Rule 137 No change of or addition to these rules shall be made unless such proposed change or addition be submitted in writing and referred to the Committee on Rules and reported back to the Senate
Rule 138 The rules of the Senate shall in no case be suspended or changed or the order of business changed except by a twothirds vote a quorum of the Senate being present and voting
Rule 139 The Auditing Committee before auditing the account of any Senator for expenses as a Committeeman or incurred in discharge of any duty as a member of the Senate shall require of him an itemized statement of such account supported by proper vouchers for each item whenever the same is practicable
Rule 140 When any question arises which is not provided for in the foregoing rules the same shall be controlled by the rules usually governing parliamentary bodies
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CONSTITUTIONAL RULES
Rule 141 The Lieutenant Governor shall be President of the Senate
Art 5 Sec 1 Par 7
Rule 142 A majority of each House shall constitute a quorum to transact business but a smaller number may adjourn from day to day and compel the presence of its absent members as each House may provide
Art 3 Sec 4 Par 4
Rule 143 Each Senator and Representative before taking his seat shall take the following oath or affirmation towit I will support the Constitution of this State and of the United States and on all questions and measures which may come before me I will so conduct myself as will in my judgment be most conducive to the interest and prosperity of this State
Art 3 Sec 4 Par 5
Rule 144 No bill shall become a law unless it shall receive a majority of the votes of all the members elected to each House of the General Assembly and it shall in every instance appear on the Journal
Art 3 Sec 7 Par 14
Rule 145 The yeas and nays on any question shall at the desire of onefifth of the members present be entered on the Journal
Art 3 Sec 7 Par 6
Lt Governor to be President of Senate
What is a quorum Compelling attendance
Oath of members
Majority required to pass bill
Yeas and nays order by onefifth of members
58
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
Bill or resolutions appropriating money moist pass by yeas and nays
Constitutional twothirds vote taken by yeas and nays
Revenue
bills
Reading of bills
One subject matter etc
An amend ment to laws and sections of Code
Rule 146 No bill or resolution appropriating money shall become law unless upon its passthe yeas and nays in each House are recorded
Art 3 Sec 7 Par 12
Rule 147 Whenever the Constitution requires a vote of twothirds of either or both Houses for passage of an Act or resolution the yeas and nays on the passage thereof shall be entered on the Journal
Art 3 Sec 7 Par 19
Rule 148 Every bill before it shall pass aMl be read three times and on three separate days m each House unless in cases of actual invasion or insurrection but the first and second reading of each local bill shall consist of the reading of the title only unless said bill is ordered to be engrossed
Art 3 Sec 7 Par 7
Rule 149 All bills for raising revenue or appropnating money shall originate in the House of Representatives but the Senate may propose or concur in amendment as in other bills
Art 3 Sec 7 Par 10
Rule 150 No law shall pass which refers to more than one subject matter or contains matter different from what is expressed in the title thereof
Art 3 Sec 7 Par 8
Rule 151 No law or section of the Code shall be amended or repealed by mere reference to its title or to the number of the section of the Code
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
59
but the Amending or repealing Act shall distinctly describe the law to be amended or repealed as well as the alteration to be made
Art 3 Sec 7 Par 16
Rule 152 Laws of a general nature shall have uniform operation throughout the State and no special law shall be enacted in any case for which provision has been made by an existing general law No general law affecting private rights shall be varied in any particular case by special legislation except with the free consent in writing of all persons to be affected thereby and no person under legal disability to contract is capable of such consent
Art 1 Sec 4 Par 1
Rule 153 The General Assembly shall have no power to grant corporate powers and privileges to private companies to make or change election precincts nor to establish bridges or ferries nor to change names of legitimate children but it shall prescribe by law the manner in which such powers shall be exercised by the courts it may confer this authority to grant corporate powers and privileges to private companies to the judges of the superior courts of this State in vacation All corporate powers and privileges to banking trust insurance railroad canal navigation express and telegraph companies shall be issued and granted by the Secretary of State in such manner as shall be prescribed by law and if in any event the Secretary of State should be disqualified to act in any case then in that event the legislature shall provide by general laws by what person such charter shall be granted
Art 3 Sec 7 Par 17
General laws how varied
Consent and when required
Corpora
tions
Power delegated to courts
60
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
Relief of recognizance
What the general appropriation bill shall contain Other appropriations by separate bills
Adjourn
ment
Elections
Rule 154 The General Assembly shall have n power to relieve principals or securities upon forfeited recognizances from the payment thereof either before or after judgment thereon unless the principal in the recognizance shall have been apprehended and placed in the custodv of the proper officer
Art 3 Sec 7 Par 18
Rule 155 The General Appropriations bill shall embrace nothing except appropriation lixed by previous laws the ordinary expenses of the Executive Legislative and Judicial Departments of the Government paying of the public debt and interest thereon and for the support of the public institutions and educational the State All other appropriations shall be made by separate bills each embracing but one subject
Art 3 Sec 7 Par 9
Rule 156 Neither House shall adjourn for more than three days or to any other place without the consent of the other and in case of disagreement between the two Houses on a question of adjournment the Governor may adjourn either or both of them
Art 3 Sec 7 Par 22
Rule 157 All elections by the General Assembly shall be viva voce and the vote shall appear on the Journal of the House of Representatives When the Senate and House of Representatives unite for the purpose of elections they shall meet in the Representative Hall and the
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
61
President of the Senate shall in such cases preside and declare result
Art 3 Sec 10 Par 1
Rule 158 All acts shall be signed by the President of the Senate and the Speaker of the House of Representatives and no bill or resolution intended to have the effect of a law which shall have been rejected by either house shall be again proposed during the same session under the same or any other title without the consent of twothirds of the House by which the same was rejected
Art 3 Sec 7 Par 13
Rule 159 Meeting of the General Assembly The General Assembly shall meet in regular session on the second Monday in January 1947 and biennially thereafter on the same day until the date shall be changed by lawBy concurrent resolution adopted by a majority of members elected to both Houses the General Assembly may adjourn any regular session to such later date as it may fix for reconvening in regular session but shall remain in regular session no longer than seventy 70 days in the aggregate during the term for which the members were elected If it shall adjourn the first regular session before the expiration of seventy 70 days without fixing a date for reconvening the General Assembly shall reconvene in regular session on the second Monday in January of the next year unless it shall have adjourned sine die All business pending in the Senate or House at the adjournment of any regular session may be considered at any later regular session of the same General Assembly as if there had been no adjournment Nothing herein shall be construed
Rejected bills again considered by a twothirds vote
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
62
Election
disorderly
conduct
Expulsion by twothirds vote
to effect the power of the Governor to convoke the General Assembly in extraordinary session or the duty of the Governor to convene the General Assembly in extraordinary session upon the certificate of threefifths of the members elected to the Senate and the House of Representatives as provided in Article V Section I Paragraph XII of this Constitution If an impeachment trial is pending at the end of any regular or extraordinary session the Senate may continue in session until such trial is completed The provisions of Paragraph III Section IV of Article III of the Constitution which this Constitution supersedes which apply to the meetings of the General Assembly shall continue in force until the second Monday in January 1947
Art 3 Sec 4 Par 3
Rule 160 Each House shall be the judge of the election returns and qualifications of its members and shall have the power to punish them for disorderly behavior or misconduct by censure fine or imprisonment or expulsion but no member shall be expelled except by a vote of twothirds of the House to which he belongs
Art 3 Sec 7 Par 1
Signature of Governor when required
Governors
veto
Rule 161 No provision in this Constitution for a twothirds vote of both houses of the General Assembly shall be construed to waive the necessity for the signature of the Governor as in any other case except in the case of the twothirds vote required to override the veto to submit constitutional amendments and in case of prolongation of a session of the General Assembly
Art 3 Sec 7 Par 21
Rule 162 The Governor shall have the revision of all bills passed by the General Assembly
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
63
before the same shall become laws but twothirds of each House may pass a bill notwithstanding his dissent and if anjr bill should not be returned by the Governor witnin five days Sunday excepted after it has been presented to him the same shall be a law unless the General Assembly by their adjournment shall prevent its return He may approve any appropriation and disapprove any other appropriation in the same bill and the latter shall not be effectual unless passed by twothirds of each House
Art 5 Sec 1 Par 15
Rule 163 Every vote resolution or order to which the concurrence of both houses may be necessary except on a question of election or adjournment shall be presented to the Governor and before it shall take effect be approved by him or being disapproved shall be repassed by twothirds of each house provided however that nothing contained in this Article shall be construed to confer on the Governor the right to veto or enter his disapproval of any proposal made by the General Assembly to amend this Constitution
Art 5 Sec 1 Par 16
Rule 164 No county site shall be changed or removed except by a twothirds vote of the qualified voters of the county voting at an election held for that purpose and by a majority vote of the General Assembly
Art 11 Sec 1 Par 9
Rule 165 Any amendment or amendments to this Constitution may be proposed jn the Senate or House of Representatives and if the same shall be agreed to by twothirds of the members
Effect of twothirds vote thereon
When
Governor
must
approve
Effect of
twothirds
vote
Twothirds
vote
required
Twothirds vote required on amendments to Constitution
64
Twothirds
vote
required to call a
convention How called
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
elected to each of the two Houses such proposed amendment or amendments shall be entered on their Journals with the yeas and nays taken thereon The General Assembly shall cause such amendment or amendments to be published in one or more newspapers in each Congressional District for two months previous to the time of holding the next general election at which election members of the General Assembly are chosen and if such proposed amendment directly affects only one or more political subdivisions of the State then it shall also be advertised in the area to be directly affected thereby and shall also provide for a submission of such proposed amendment or amendments to the people at said next general election and if the people shall ratify such amendment or amendments by a majority of the electors qualified to vote for members of the General Assembly voting thereon such amendment or amendments shall become a part of this Constitution provided that if the proposed amendment is not one that directly affects the whole Stater but only one or more subdivisions thereof said amendment shall not become a part of this Constitution unless it receive both a majority of the electors qualified to vote voting thereon in the State as a whole and also a majority of the electors qualified to vote voting thereon in the particular subdivision or subdivisions affected When more than one amendment is submitted at the same time they shall be so submitted as to enable the electors to vote on each amendment separately
Art 13 Sec 1 Par 1
Rule 166 No convention of the people shall be called by the General Assembly to revise amend or change this Constitution unless by the concurrence of twothirds of all members of each House of the General Assembly The rep
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
65
reservation in said convention shall be based on population as near as practicable This Constitution shall not be revised amended or changed by the Convention until the proposed revision amendment or change has been submitted and ratified by the people in the manner provided for submission and ratification of amendments proposed by the General Assembly
Art 13 Sec 1 Par 2
Rule 167 The Justices of the Supreme Court each shall have out of the treasury of the State salaries of 8000 per annum the judges of the Court of Appeals each shall have out of the treasury of the State salaries of 8000 per annum the Judges of the Superior Courts each shall have out of the treasury of the State salaries of 6000 per annum and the Solicitors General shall each have out of the treasury of the State a salary of 25000 per annum with the right of the General Assembly to authorize any county to supplement the salary of a judge of the Superior Court and Solicitor General of the Juicial Circuit in which such county lies out of county funds provided however where such salary is at the time of the adoption of this Constitution being supplemented out of county funds under existing laws such laws shall remain in force until altered by the General Assembly Provided further that the Board of County Commissioners of Richmond County or the Ordinary or such other board or person as may from time to time have charge of the fiscal affairs of said county shall without further legislative action continue to supplement from said Countys treasury the salary of the Judge of Superior Court of the circuit of which the said County of Richmond is a part by the sum of Two Thousand 2000 Dollars per annum which shall be in addition to the amount received by said judge out
Salaries of judges
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
66
May be changed by a majority vote
of the State treasury and such payments are declared to be a part of the court expenses of said County and such payments shall be made to the judge now in office during his present or subsequent terms as well as to his successors with the authority in the General Assembly to increase such salary from the County treasury as above provided
The General Assembly shall have power at anytime by a majority vote of each branch to abolish the fees at present accruing to the office of solicitor general in any particular judicial circuit and m lieu thereof to prescribe a salary lor such office without regard to the uniformity such salaries in the various circuits and shall have further power to determine what disposition shall be made of the fines forfeitures and fees accruing to the office of solicitor general m any such judicial circuit where the fees are abolished and likewise shall have the further power if it so desires to abolish such salary and reestablish such fees but in either event when so changed the change shall not become effective until the end of the term to which the solicitor general was elected
Art 6 Sec 12 Pars 1 and 2
Evidence of notice of local and special bills must be submitted before passage of same
Uje iocal or special bill shall be
passed unless notice of the intention to apply therefor shall have been published in the newspaper in which the Sheriffs advertisements for the locality affected are published once a week r three weeks during a period of sixty days immediately preceding its introduction into the General Assembly No local or special bill shall become law unless there is attached to and made a part of said bill a copy of said notice certified by the publisher or accompanied by an affidavit of the author to the effect that said notice has
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
67
been published as provided by law No office to which a person has been elected shall be abolished nor the term of the office shortened or lengthened by local or special bill during the term for which such person was elected unless the same be approved by the people of the jurisdiction affected in a referendum on the question Where any local law shall add any member or members to any municipal or county governing authority the members of which are elected by the people such local law must provide that the member or members so added must be elected by a majority vote of the qualified voters of the political subdivision affected
Art 3 Sec 7 Par 15

68
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
RULES
FOR THE GOVERNMENT OF THE SENATE IN EXECUTIVE SESSION
1 When nominations shall be made by the Governor to the Senate a future day shall be assigned for their considerations unless the Senate directs otherwise
2 When acting on executive business the Senate shall be cleared of all persons except the Senators the Secretary and Assistant Secretary
3 All information or remarks touching or concerning the character or qualifications of any person nominated by the Governor for office shall be kept secret
4 The Legislative and Executive proceedings of the Senate shall be kept in separate and distinct books except that a copy of the message transmitting information of definite action on appointments of the Governor shall be placed in the regular Journals of the Senate
5 All nominations approved by the Senate or otherwise definitely acted on shall be transmitted by the Secretary to the Governor with the determination of the Senate thereon from day to day as such proceedings may occur but no further extract from the Executive Journal shall be furnished published or otherwise communicated except as provided in Rule 4 during any session except by special order of the Senate and in transmitting the determination of the Senate thereon the Secretary shall in no instance furnish a list of the names of Senators voting in the affirmative or negative but only the fact of confirmation or rejection and the
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
69
numerical vote and the record of votes shall be sealed and transmitted to the Secretary of States office there to be placed on file
6 A majority of a quorum shall be necessary to confirm the nomination to any office made by the Governor and sent to the Senate for approval When nominations are made by the Governor for any office which require the assent and approval of the Senate in executive session after the Secretary shall read the name of the party nominated and the position to which he is appointed the President shall put to the Senate the following Shall the nomination of the Governor be confirmed by the Senate Those who favor the confirmation will as your names are called vote Aye those opposed vote No After the roll is called the President will announce the result of the ballot and declare the result as follows It appears from the vote that a majority of the Senators have voted to confirm the appointment made by the Governor the same is hereby confirmed by the Senate or A majority of the Senators have voted against the confirmation of the nomination made by the Governor it is therefore rejected by the Senate
7 No Senator will be at liberty at any time or under any circumstances to expose or publish anything transpiring in executive session except only such matters as are required to be disclosed under the rules It is the intent and meaning of this rule that the business transacted in executive session shall be sacred and free from exposure to the outside world that every Senator shall be on his honor concerning the same
8 In Executive Session any member of the Senate shall be limited to ten 10 minutes in speaking for or against the confirmation of any nominee under consideration by the Senate
70
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
RULES
FOR THE GOVERNMENT OF THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY WHEN ASSEMBLED IN JOINT SESSION
1 The time of the meeting of the two houses in joint session shall be determined by the concurrent resolution of the Senate and House of Representatives except where provided by law
2 The elections shall be viva voce and the vote shall appear on the Journal of the House of Representatives When the Senate and House of Representatives unite for the purpose of elections they shall meet in the Representative Hall and the President of the Senate shall in such cases preside and declare the result
3 The votes are to be taken for but one election at the same time and a majority of the whole number of votes cast is necessary to a choice
4 The Senate and House of Representatives shall meet in joint session in the hall of the House of Representatives on the first Monday of every session at 10 oclock a m or at such time as may be fixed by joint resolution of both houses for the purpose of electing such offices of said State as are now or may hereafter be required to be elected by the General Assembly Said joint session shall continue in morning and afternoon sessions from day to day until all of said officers are elected
5 At the hour determined by the concurrent
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
resolution the Senate shall repair to the Hall of the House of Representatives
6 The President of the Senate shall preside and announce that the General Assembly is in joint session and cause to be read the resolution convening the same He shall put all questions to the body and decide all questions of order An appeal may be taken from any of his decisions to the whole General Assembly
7 The Speaker of the House shall sit on the left of the President of the Senate
8 In announcing a candidate the mover shall not make any commendatory or other remarks
9 After a person is nominated for any office in joint session of the General Assembly it shall not be in order to second such nomination and when the nomination is declared closed the President shall forthwith order the rollcall and each member when called shall rise in his seat and respond promptly announcing distinctly his choice for such office
10 In the elections by the General Assembly no member after having voted shall be allowed to change his vote unless he will rise and state in his place that he voted by mistake or that his vote had been recorded by mistake
11 No debate shall be in order except as to questions of order
12 No motion to adjourn shall be in order In lieu thereof there shall be the motion to dissolve the joint session which shall be in the form That the joint session of the General Assembly
72
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
be now dissolved or That the joint session of the General Assembly be now dissolved to be reconvened at a time named The latter motion shall have precedence of the former
13 The motion to dissolve the joint session either indefinitely or untii a fixed time shall always be in order except that after the call of the roll has commenced it shall not be in order until after the result of said vote shall have been declared by the President of the Senate
14 When a motion to dissolve the joint session shall be decided in the negative the same shall not again be in order until other business shall have intervened
15 When a motion to dissolve the joint session either indefinitely or to a fixed time shall be decided in the affirmative the President of the Senate shall so declare and the Senate shall without further motion immediately repair to the Senate Chamber
16 The majority of each house shall be necessary to constitute a quorum of the joint session
17 These rules may be amended by the concurrent resolution of the two houses and they or either of them shall cease to be in force when either house shall notify the other house of the withdrawal of its consent to the same
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
73
INDEX TO STANDING RULES OF Senate of Georgia
ABSENTEES Rule No
Arrest of when 99100
Call of SenateP 100
Names recorded in Journal 98
Roll Call dispensed with when 97
Secretary duty as to Absentees 98
ADJOURN MOTION TO
Amendable not 46
Debatable not 46
Definite time debatable when 47
Definite time Amendable when 47
Division not in order during 49
Effect when motion prevails 50
Main Question Ordered not in order 49 58
Precedence of 4548
Previous Question motion for sustained motion to
adjourn in order 4958
Shall not be made second time whenI 46
When in order46 4849 58
When not in ordera 49 58
Yeas and Nays being called not in order 49
ADJOURNMENT
Constitutional time limit 112
Courtesy to President at 22
Effect when hour of arrives while Senate is acting
under previous question 5158
Effect when hour of arrives while vote is being taken
by Yeas and Nays 51
Hour of Fixed by Senate 112
74
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
ADVERSE REPORT
Rule No
Bills and Resolutions adversely reported taken up
when
Debate on
Effect of on bills
Second Reading after when
37
59
37
37
AMENDMENTS
Adjourn motion to not amendable 46
Adjourn to definite time amendable when 47
Applicable to Amendments 78
Amendments to Amendments not amendable78
Bills and Resolutions amended by sections 78 85
Bills and Resolutions perfected before substitute 79
Bills and Resolutions perfected before caption 84
Blanks must be filled in before 83
By Committee 117
Commit motion to amendable how 7q
Committee Amendments take precedence 120
Committee shall not deface or interline bill but report
amendments on separate paper 117
Caption not considered until Bill perfected 84
Engrossment Effect of 36
General Appropriations Bill Senate may amend 128
General Tax Bill Senate may amend 128
Germane must be122
House Amendments to S B 88 90
House Amendments to S B may be amended 88
House Amendments to S B Priority of motion to amend gg
House Amendments to S B Priority of Questionson 90 House Amendments to S B Senate Amendment to
not subject to amendment 88
Priority of ZZZiiZm 122
Priority of to perfect part proposed to be stricken87122
Priority of on passage of bill 120
Precedence of motion to amend45
Postpone indefinitely motion to not amendabie 68
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
75
Rule No
Postpone definitely amendable 72
Reconsideration of when 95
Report of by committee 117
Report of Committee agreed to amendments after 80
Requirements of motion to amendy 81
Secretary duty of when amendments made to bill
and resolutions by sections 85
Secretary duty of in amending by inserting and
striking out 86
Strike out motion to part to be stricken considered
first 122
Section by 85
Table amendments motion to not in order 52
Table motion to lay on or take from not amendable 55
Ways of making 78
When too late 8085
When made bill being considered by sections 85
Writing motion to amend must be in 81
AMENDMENTS TO CONSTITUTION
Journal proposed recorded in 129
Yeas and Nays recorded on 129
Majority required 129
APPEALS
From Presidents decision 9
Member called to Order may appeali 15
No debate on appeals of personal character 8
Time of making 9
76
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
APPLAUSE Rule n0
Prohibited in Galleries or Senate Chamber 25
APPROPRIATIONS
General Bill right of way 34
House must originate 128
Senate may amend appropriation bill 128
Yeas and Nays required 128
ATTENDANCE
Arrest of senators for nonattendance99100
Call of Senate 99
Messengers duty as to99100
Power to compel99 100
President duty as to99 100
AUDITING COMMITTEE
Accounts of members duty as to 139
BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS
Adverse Committee report on 37
Amendments to 78
Amendments to passed on before caption or preamble
considered 34
Amendments Bill perfected first7 79
Amendments to too late 8085
Amendments by sections 85
Amendments to when too late bill being considered
by sections 85
Amendments to by striking and inserting 86
Amendments by committees how reported 117
Bills perfected before substitutes 79
Caption not considered until bill perfected 84
Committee amendments take precedence 120
Committee amendments how reported 117
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
77
Rule No
Committee reports on precedence of 40
Committee Report on effect of disposal of 3738
Committee Report favorable effect of 3759
Committee Report unfavorable effect of 3759
Commit motion to 457376
Commitment to Committees 36
Debate none on first reading 36
Deface or interline no committee shall 117
Disagreement to favorable committee report effect of 38
Engrossment effect of jo
Entries on to be made by secretary 36
Form 41
First Reading no debate 36
General Appropriations bill takes precedence 34
General bills not placed for passage out of order by
unanimous consent 39
General Tax Bill takes precedence 34
Immediate transmission to house 43
Local Bills effect of engrossment 130
Local Bills First and Second Readings 130
Local Bills third reading and placement for passage
by unanimous consent 39
Precedence of 34
President duty to commit 3b
Printing of 2
Reading of by unanimous consent ay
Recommit motion to 77
Requirements of 41
Reported by committee bill may be amended before
report agreed to 120
Reconsideration 9196
Reconsideration effect of Ob
Second Reading after adverse committee report 37
Secretary duty of in amending by striking and
inserting y
Secretary state author and number of when reading 34
Secretary to call in order on calendar 34
Special committee motion to commit to 73 74
78
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
Rule No
Strike out motion to part to be stricken considered
first 122
Unanimous consent for reading or consideration 39
Withdrawal of 37
Substitute Bill perfected before 79
CALL OF THE SENATE
Contempt on
When in order
When main question ordered
CAPTION
Not considered until bill perfectedy g4
12
12100 65
CHANGE OF VOTES
How and when 125
COMMITTEES
Amendments by how reported 117
Amendments by takes precedence120
Appointment of 4 434
Appropriations exofficio members of134
Bills not to be interlined or defaced by 117
Chairman Appropriations and Finance exofficio
members 434
Change after announcement 109
Commit to motion to73 77
Conference how and when constituted 119
Enlarged how 109
Exofficio members ofvi 134
Finance exofficio members of 134
President appoint 4 134
President exofficio member of rules committee 134
Reports order of precedence 40
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 79
Rule No
Recommit to motion to 77
Senators elected to fill vacancies committee assignments 109
Standing committees 134
COMMIT MOTION TO
Amended how 76
Applicable to what 73
Debate simple motion not debatable 75
Debate motion to commit with instructions debatable 75
Precedence among other motions 45
Precedence among motions to commit 74
Special Committee to 73 74
Standing committee to takes precedence 74
Recommit motion to 77
CONTEMPT
By Outsiders 11
By Senators 12100
On Call of the Senate12100
CONVERSATION
Presidents right to suppress 1
Senators refrain from when 17
DEBATE
Adjourn motion to not debatable 46
Adjourn to definite time motion to debatable 47
Adverse report debate on 59
Appeals from chair of personal character not
debatable 8
Bill or resolution no debate on first reading 36
Breach of order in debate 15
Change order of business motion to not debatable 105
80
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
Rule No
Commit motion to not debatable 75
Commit with instructions motion to debatable 75
Committee matters reference to out of order in 23
Conduct of Senators in15 2122 23
Conversation reference to out of order in 23
Excuse from voting motion to not debatable 30
First reading of bill or resolution no debate 36
House happenings reference to out of order in 23
Incidental matters after motion for previous question
sustained decided without debate1 66
Interrogation of speakers through president 21
Limitation of speeches 15
Minority report debate on63
Nondebatable motion not in order when31121
Postpone definitely motion to debate limited 71
Postpone indefinitely motion to debatable 68
Previous Question motion for not debatable 58
Previous Question motion for decided affirmatively
debate limited 59 53
Previous Question motion for incidental questions decided without debate 53
Priority of Business decided by President without
debate 14
Reading of papers question of decided without
debate 29
Roll Call no debate during 26
Suspend Rules motion to not debatable 105
Yeas and Nays motion for decided without debate 113
Yeas and Nays no debate during 26
DISPARAGING REMARKS
Prohibited on Nominations 24
DIVISION OF SENATE
After main question ordered 60
Call for 60
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
81
Rule No
Excuse for voting motion to must be before 30
Senator may ask for 60
DIVISION OF QUESTION
Duty of member asking
Right to call for
What divisible
ENGROSSMENT
Effect of 36
ENROLLING AND ENGROSSING COMMITTEE
Clerks examine and approve
Clerks recommended removal of
EXCEPTION TO WORDS SPOKEN
Procedure for taking 16
EXECUTIVE SESSION
Reference to Special Rules
Cleared Senate Chamber cleared of all persons except
senators secretary and assistant secretary
Journal message informing governor of action on
nominees record in regular journal
Journal separate journal for executive sessions
Journal secret
Governor informed of action on nominees by secretary
Limit as to time of speech
Nomination majority necessary to confirm
Nomination how put
Nomination when considered
Nominees discussion of secret
Nominees secretary inform governor of action on
132
132
33 32 32 33
Cn40iOCiG0013ilil
82
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
Rule No
Proceedings kept in separate book from legislative proceedings rr a
Proceedings kept secret 3 5 7
Procedure 2 g
Remarks of Senators kept secret 3
Secretary and assistant in senate during session 2
Secretary duty as to journal 4 5
Secretary inform governor of action on nominees 5
Secrecy required 3 5 7
Senate chamber cleared of all persons except senators secretary and assistant secretary during session 2 Senators shall not disclose proceedings or happenings of session 3 7
Votes on nominations kept secret 5
Votes record of sealed and filed with Secretary of State I
Votes result only announced
EXPLANATION OF VOTES
When and time allowed 28
EXPULSION OF MEMBERS
When and how 15
DOORKEEPER
Clear lobbies and galleries when n
Messages duty in receiving 101
Suspension of i 10
GALLERIES
Applause or hisses prohibited in 25
President may clear n
id id
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
83
GENERAL ASSEMBLY Rule No
Minutes of joint sessions of kept in Senate Journal 133
GENERAL APPROPRIATIONS BILLS
Precedence of I 34
Senate may amend only128
GENERAL TAX BILL
Precedence of 34
Senate may amend only 128
GOVERNOR
Entitled to privileges of the Floor 110
HOUR OF ADJOURNMENT
Effect of arrival of 5158
Effect of arrival of when Senate acting under previous question 51 58
Effect of arrival of vote being taken by yeas and nays 51
Fixed by Senate 112
Provided 112
IMMEDIATE TRANSMISSION TO THE HOUSE
Majority vote necessary for 43
Reconsideration of motion for 94
When ordered 43
JOINT SESSION
RULES OF GENERAL ASSEMBLY IN JOINT SESSION
References to Special Rules
Adjourn motion to see motion to dissolve
Appeals from decisions of chair b
84
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
Rule No
Change of vote when allowed 10
Commendatory remarks prohibited 8
Elections by 24910
Elections change of vote onj 10
Elections majority for 3
Elections only one at time 3
Elections record of vote kept in House Journal 2
Elections vote how taken 2 3 9
Elections where held 2
Debate no debate except on points of order 11
Dissolve motion to not in order after roll call commenced 13
Dissolve motion to effect of when prevailing 15
Dissolve motion to and reconvene at definite time
takes precedence 13
Dissolve motion to definite and indefinite 12
Dissolve motion to when in order 13
Dissolve motion to when lost in order again when 14
Journal of House contain record of vote on elections 2
Majority necessary for election 3
Nominations no commendatory remarks by member
making 8
Nominations no second of in order 9
Nominations roll call on 9
Order points of debatable 11
Presiding Officer President of Senate 2 6
Presiding Officer duties of6915
Place of meeting 25
Procedure 6
Quorum 16
Roll Call on elections 9
Roll Commenced motion to dissolve not in order 13
Rules how changed 17
Rules consent of both houses to necessary 17
Senate repair to Hall of House of Representatives 5
Senate return to Senate Chamber on dissolution 15
Sessions continue how long 413
Speaker of House sit at left of President of Senate 7
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
85
Rule No
State officers election of 4
Time of meeting 14
Voting 239
Vote change of 10
JOURNAL
Absentees Contain names of 98
Appropriations motion for yeas and nays recorded on 128
Committee on duty to read Ill
Constitutional amendments recorded in 129
Constitutional amendments yeas and nays recorded on 129 Constitution requires twothirds majority for passage
of bill or resolution yeas and nays shall be recorded 129
General Assembly minutes kept in Senate 133
Oaths minutes of oaths kept in 132
Protest of Senators entry in 20
Reconsideration of matters in 91
Senators not voting on yeas and nays names entered in 107
LAUDATORY REMARKS
Prohibited I 24
LIEUTENANT GOVERNOR
Duties of 141
LOCAL BILLS
Engrossment effect of 130
First and Second reading 130
Reading of third time and put on passage by unanimous consent i39
86
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
main question Rule No
AoidereAm0tin tonot in order after main question Gall of Senate 5f
Call of Senate after main question orderedZ 65
ordered016 alloWed for mairity after main question
ordered6 allowed minor after main questioned Debate time ailowed author after main question
65 66
Effect of when order ko kq e aa
Reconsideration of ordering an
Table motion to not in order after main question
OruGIGu Cf7 fq
Vote how taken when orderedgn
MAJORITY
Change rules or order of business necessary to44 138
Election necessary for 127
MEMORIALS
Presentment and consideration 104
MINORITY REPORTS
Debate on
Minority may make reports Jmarl 12g
MESSAGES
Consideration of g 102
How sent received announced and considered 101
GoTernor or House at y 1
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
87
MESSENGER Rule No
Arrest senators power to on order of president99100
Clear galleries and lobbies when 11
Duty of on call of Senate100
ExOfficio SergeantatArms 99
General duties 115116
Suspension of 10
MOTIONS
Information for from executive department lie on
table one day 124
Germane motion to amend must be 122
Nondebatable not in order when31121
One at time only 27
Order of business motion to change not debatable 105
Order of business motion to change vote necessary44138
Order of priority 45
Privilege question of take precedence 126
Reading by secretary effect of 103
Read papers motion to not debatable 29
Rules motion to change or suspend vote necessary 138
Rules motion to change or suspend how submitted 137
Seconding not required 108
Senator resume seat while motion is being put 27
Special Orders motion to make how submitted 35
Statement of by chair effect of 103
Strike out motion to part to be stricken considered
first 122
Unprivileged containing new matter lie on table one
day 106
Withdrawal of 103
NEW MATTERS
Information from executive department motion for lie
on table one day 124
Unprivileged motion containing lie on table one day 106 Unanimous consent for 39
88
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
NOMINATIONS Rule No I
Disparaging remarks prohibited in 24 I
Laudatory Remarks prohibited in 24 I
OATHS
Assistant Secretary 131
Clerks 132 I
Entered in Journal 132 I
Secretarys 131
ORDER OF BUSINESS
Established 135 I
Majority necessary to change order fixed by rules
committee 44 I
Majority necessary to change order 138 I
Motion to change not debatable 105
Priority of decided by president without debate 14
Rules committee fix during last fifteen days of session 44 Special orders motion for how submitted 35
PAIRING
Not recognized ug
PARLIAMENTARY LAW
Applicable when 140
PETITIONS
Presentment and consideration 104
PREAMBLE
Not considered until bill or resolution perfected 84
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
89
POSTPONE TO DEFINITE DAY MOTION TO Rule No
Applicable to what 7
Amendments subject to
Debate limited ii
Impossible day motion to postpone to treated how it
Precedence of 45 t9
Renewal when lost cannot be made again the same
day 71
POSTPONE INDEFINITELY MOTION TO
Applicable to what
Amendments not subject to 8
Debate subject to
Effect when motion prevails
Impossible motion to postpone impossible day treated
how
Precedence of oy
Renewal when lost motion cannot be again made on same matter
PRESIDENT
Absence of president pro tern preside 7
Adjournment Senators remain until president retires
Appeals from decision of
Arrest president may order of persons disturbing
Arrest Senators power to order when absent99100
Attendance power to compel99100
Business priority of decided by
Call of Senate power and duty on14 id iuu
Committees appointed by 41oc
Commitment of bills and resolutions on first reading do
Courtesy due by Senators to at adjournment 22
Conference Committee appointed by 119
Division may order
Galleries power to clear 11
Interrogation of senators through tl
Irrevelant debate power to suspend 1
90
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
Rule No
Lobbies power to clear
Method of stating question
Messages duty on receiving
No quorum voting duty of president
Recognition of Senators decided by
Rules committee exofficio chairman of
Signs all writs warrants etc of Senate
Silence power to command
Senator may name to preside
Senator may call to order for breach of rules Senators elected after committees appointed president
may appoint to committees
Standing Committees appointment of
Suspension of officers by
Vote president required to when
Vacant chairmanships power to fiii
PRESIDENT PRO TEMPORE
Absence of president and president pro tempore secretary shall call election of president nro temnorp
PREVIOUS QUESTION
Adjournment effect of arrival of hour of Senate acting under
Adjourn motion to after motion for previous question
134
114
1
6
15
109
2
109
7
7
51
r T ijurauuu uiucx tsu
Debate regulated previous question decided affirma
TIVPl V
MJVT1UUO VII
sustained
Affirmative vote on effect of
Applicable to what
Call of Senate after previous question ordered
4958
58 59 63 66
precedence or motion for
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
91
Rule No
Reconsideration 62
Table motion to after motion for previous question
sustained 6758
PRIVILEGE
Motion without to lie on table 106
Personal 126
Question of what constitute 126
Questions of take precedence 126
PRIVILEGE OF THE FLOOR
When extended to visitors 110
Who entitled to 110
PRINTING OF BILLS
When ordered 42
PROTESTS OF SENATORS
Procedure for 20
QUORUM
Call of Senate no quorum voting 100
No quorum voting duty of president1213100
No quorum voting president may order yeas and nays 13
READING OF PAPERS
Determined by Senate 29
RECOMMIT MOTION TO
Applicable to what 77
92 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
reconsideration Eule No
Amendments of qK
Applicable to whatAjj
Effect ofA 62 le
Immediate transmission motion for reconsidered
Intervening days effect rfZZZZZZZZ 94
Mam question ordering of may be reconsTdered 62 Mam question ordering of may be reconsidered only once u J R9
Notice required rrr iTaIft 92
One time no matter reconsidered butA 93
Previous question reconsideration of ao
When and how asked oi gl
When motion for is in order11
REMONSTRANCES
Presentment and ConsiderationIt
REPORTS OF COMMITTEES
Amendments after agreement to an
Disagreement to effect of ob
Favorable report effect of oS
Form of A1
Minority reports Too
Procedure after 97 oa
Precedence of 40
Reconsideration of action on o
Unfavorable report 07
Writing must be inA
RULES
Change proposal to must be submitted in writing
and referred to Rules Committee 137
Majority necessary to change138
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
93
Special orders motion to make how submitted 35
Suspend motion to not debatable 108
Suspended how105 137 138
RULES COMMITTEE
Change in rules all proposals for submitted to 137
Order of business for last fifteen days fixed by 44
Report of in order at any time 136
Special orders must be reported on by 35
SECRETARY
Absence of president and president pro tern call election for president pro tern 7
Absentees note name of 98
Amending bills by sections duty of in 85
Amending bills by striking and inserting duty of in 86
Attest all writs warrants etc of Senate 114
Bills and Resolutions called in order by from calendar 34 Bills and Resolutions Engrossed Entries on to be
made by 36
Bills and Resolutions state number and author of in
calling 34
Bond of 131
Clerks appointment of 132
General assembly joint session keep minutes of 133
Journal duty to enter names of Senators not voting
on yeas and nays 107
Oath 131
SENATORS
Adjournment duty of at 22
Accounts of duty of auditing committee as to 139
Applause prohibited 25
Arrest power of president to order99100
Attendance power of president to compel99100
Call of Senate may ask 100
Call to order for transgression of rules 15
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
Rule No I
Committee assignments when elected after organization of Senate completed
Conduct in debate151718 21325 31
Contempt of the Senate 12
Conversation refrain from yj
Courtesy owed Senator speaking 22
Debate how often speak 15
Debate reference to private conversations committee
or house happenings prohibit in 23
Decorum of 15 1719 2l25
Division of Question may ask for 32
Division of Question duty of Senator asking for 33
Division of Senate may ask for 5 60
Disparaging Remarks prohibited 24
Exceptions to words spoken 15
Expulsion of o 15
Interrogation of through president 21
Laudatory remarks prohibited 24
Messenger duty of to 115
Motion make only one at time 27
Motion must resume seat while motion being put 27
Motion prohibited from making nondebatable when31121
Not voting names of entered in Journal 107
Pairing of not recognized 118
Personal Privilege 126
Preside president may designate Senators to 6
Protest of Senate action by 20
Reading of Papers call for 29
Recognition order of decided by president 3
Retire when required to 19
Retire not allowed to when 12 99
Senators refer to Senators by districts and not by
name jo
Special Orders request for 35
Stationery messenger shall supply 116
Unanimous consent right to ask for 39
Vote changing how and when 125
Vote Explanation of
28
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
95
Rule No
Vote shall not when interested 19
Vote refusal to on call of Senate 12
Voting motion to excuse from 30
Yeas and Nays call for 60
SERGEANTATARMS
Duty of on Call of the Senate 100
Messenger exofficio 99
SIGNATURE OF PRESIDENT AND SECRETARY
When required 114
SILENCE
Senators preserve 17
SPECIAL COMMITTEE
Priority of Motion to commit to 73 74
SPECIAL ORDER
How obtained 35
SUBSTITUTE
Bill perfected before 79
Table motion to not in order 52
SUSPENSION OF RULES
How accomplished 105137138
TABLE MOTION TO
Amendment motion to table not in order 52
96
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
Rule No
Amendment motion to table or take from table not
subject to 55
Applicable to what 56
Debate motion to table or take from table not subject
to 55
Effect when motion to take from table prevails 53
Information from executive department motion for
lie on table one day 124
Motion to take from table in order when 53 54
Main Question ordered motion to table not in order 57 58
Presence of 45
Previous Question motion for sustained motion to
table in order 57 58
Renewal of motion to table or take from table 54
Substitute not subject to 52
Unprivileged motion containing new matter lie on
table one day 106
When in order motion to table and take from table 54 57
TWOTHIRDS VOTE WHEN NECESSARY
Constitution Amendment 129
Expulsion of Senators 15
Yeas and Nays recorded when constitution requires 129
UNANIMOUS CONSENT
Explanation of vote by 28
Limitation and regulation of 39
Local bills considered by when 39
New matters consideration by 39
No request to extend time of explanation shall be entertained 28
YEAS AND NAYS
Adjournment effect of arrival of hour of while vote
being taken by 51
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
97
Rule No
Adjourn motion to not in order during call of 49
Appropriations record of required on all 128
Call for after main question ordered 60
Change vote after call of1 125
Constitution requiring twothird vote for passage of
bill yeas and nays shall be recorded 129
Constitution amendment to required and recorded on 129
Debate no debate during call of 26
Debate motion or call for not debatable 113
Explanation of vote when vote taken by 28
Excuse from voting motion to must be made before
start of 30
Expulsion of Senator vote by 15
Journal show when60128129
Journal show names of Senators not voting on 107
President may order no quorum voting 1213
Required when 60128129
98
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
Seating of Members of the Georgia House of Representatives
House of Representatives Numerically by Seat Number
1 Hopkins
2 Smiley
3 Buie
4 Connell 3 Register
6 Green
of Rabun
7 Grimsley
8 Lewis
9 Hall
10 Scoggin
11 Hicks
12 Denton
13 Williams of Bulloch
14 Trapnell
15 Lamer
16 Edenfield
17 Nightingale
18 Gowen
19 Russell
20 Stevens of Marion
21 Gallier
22 Veal
23 Brantley
24 Adams
of Upson
25 Boggus
26 Layton
27 Clark
28 Edwards
29 Barber
of Jackson
30 Ursrey
31 Lokey
32 Hoke Smith of Fulton
33 M M Smith of Fulton
34 Dews
35 Tamplin
36 Campbell of Oconee
37 Wilkinson
38 Gillis
39 Alexander
40 Jordan
of Wheeler
41 Adams of Evans
42 Garrard
43 Smith
of Emanuel
44 Ray
45 Twitty
46 Deen of Bacon
47 Strickland
48 Byrd
49 Frier
50 Mincy
51 Harrison of Wayne
52 Moate
53 Lovett
54 Brannen
55 Murphey
of Crawford
56 Jessup
57 Bloodworth
58 Cloud
59 Conger
60 Musgrove
61 Greer
of Lanier
62 Tumlin
63 Upshaw
64 Mauldin
65 Brooks
66 Ivey
67 Walker
68 Stephens of Clarke
69 Matthews
70 Coker
71 Campbell of Walker
72 Drinkard
73 Pickard
74 Hollis
75 Young
76 Hamilton
77 Willingham
78 Bentley
79 Smith of Cobb
80 Goodson
81 Lifsey
82 Henderson
83 Stewart
84 Wooten
85 Barber
of Colquitt
86 Short
87 Ingle
88 Carswell
89 Mobley
90 Kemp
91 Foster
92 Clary
93 Moses
94 Harrell 95 Todd
96 Raulerson
97 Haar
98 McGee
99 Sipple
of Chatham
100 Jones
of Lumpkin
101 Dean
of Towns
102 Tarpley
103 Britton
104 Whitener
105 Holloway
106 Moye
107 Tarbutton
108 Blalock
109 Potts
110 Matheson
111 Phillips
of Walton
112 Ayers
113 Floyd
114 Weems
115 Hale
116 Harper
117 Bolton
118 Best
119 Lavender
120 Watson
121 Gardner
122 Harris
123 McKenna
124 Groover of Bibb
125 Jones
of Worth
126 Wardlow
127 Murphy
of Haralson
128 Perkins
129 Duncan
130 Wiggins
131 Freeman
132 Groover of Troup
133 Birdsong
134 Hughes
135 Bell
136 Holley
137 Graham
138 McCracken
139 Phillips
of Columbia
140 Nelson
141 Parker
142 Green
of Baldwin
143 Gilder
144 Hurst
145 Chastain
146 Willis
147 Sheffield
148 Williams of Tift
149 Bodenhamer
150 Rutland
151 McWhorter
152 Turner
153 McGarity
154 Coogle
155 Murr
156 Carter
157 Greene of Crisp
158 Williams
of Franklin
159 Martin
160 Moore of White
161 Gunter
162 Terrell
163 Jackson
164 Abney
165 Flynt
166 Little
167 Fowler
168 White
169 Jordan
of Gwinnett
170 Moore
of Pickens
171 Peacock
172 Coffin
173 Hodges
174 Tallant
175 Mull
176 Durham
177 Black
178 Baughman
179 Geer of Miller
180 Cummings
181 Cowart
182 Hayes
183 Holton
184 Brazeal
185 Turk
186 Mishoe
187 Key
188 Brown
189 Rowland
190 Land
191 Johnson
192 Deal
193 Bray
194 Blackburn
195 Otwell
196 Swindle
197 Stocks
198 Dunaway
199 Cornelius
200 Barrett
201 Huddleston
202 Sivell
of Harris
203 King
204 Harrison of Jenkins
Rostrum Fred Hand Speaker Rostrum Joe Boone Clerk
House of Representatives Alphabetically by Names
Abney 164 Durham 176 Worth 125 Sheffield 147
Adams Edenfield 16 Jordan of Short 86
of Evans 41 Edwards 28 Gwinnett 169 Sipple of
Adams Floyd 113 Jordan of Chatham 99
of Upson 24 Flynt 165 Wheeler 40 Sivell of
Alexander Ht poster 91 Kemp 90 Harris 202
Ayers 112 Fowler 167 Key 187 Smilev 2
Barber of Freeman 131 King 203
Colquitt 85 Frier 49 Land 190 Smith of
Barber of Gardner 11 Lanier 15 Emanuel 43
Jackson 29 Garrard 47 Lavender 119 Hoke Smith of
Barrett 2IKI Geer of Miller 179 Layton 26 Fulton 32
Baughman i8 Gilder 143 Lewis 8 M M Smith
Bell m Gillis 38 Lifsey 81 of Fulton 33
Bentley 8 Goodson 80 Little 166 Stephens of
Best 118 Gowen 18 Lokey 31 Clarke 68
Birdsong m Graham 137 Lovett 53 Stevens of
Black m Green of Martin 159 Marion 20
Blackburn 194 Baldwin 142 Matheson 110 Stewart 83
Blalock 108 Green of Matthews 69 Stocks 197
Bloodworth ft Rabun 6 Mauldin 64 Strickland 47
Bodenhamer 149 Greene of McCracken 138 Swindle 196
Boggus 2ft Crisp 157 McGarity 153 Tallant 174
Bolton 11 Greer of 98 35
Brannen ft4 Lanier 61 McKenna 123 Tarbutton 107
Brantley 28 Grimsley 7 McWhorter 151 Tarpley 102
Bray 198 Groover of Mincy 50 Terrell 162
Brazeal 184 Bibb 124 Mis hoe 186 Todd 95
Britton 108 Groover of iMoate ft Trapnell 14
Brooks 6ft Troup 132 Mobley 89 Tumi in 62
Brown 188 Gunter 161 Moore of Turk 185
Buie 8 Haar 97 Pickens 170 Turner 152
Byrd 48 Hale lift Moore of Twitty 45
Callier 21 Hall 9 White 160 Upshaw 63
Campbell Hamilton 76 Moses 93 Ursrey 30
of Oconee 36 Harper 116 Moye 106 Veal 22
Campbell of Harrell 94 Mull 175 Walker 67
Walker 71 Harris 122 Murphey of Wardlow 126
Carswell 88 Harrison of Crawford 55 Watson 120
Carter 156 Jenkins 204 Murphy of Weems 114
Chastain 14ft Harrison of Haralson 127 White 168
Clark 27 Wayne 51 Murr Iftft Whi tener 104
Clary 92 Hayes 182 Musgrove 60 Wiggins 130
Cloud 58 Henderson 82 Nelson 140 Wilkinson 37
Coffin 172 Hicks 11 Nightingale 17 Williams of
Coker 70 Hodges 173 Otwell 195 Bulloch 13
Conger 59 Holley 136 Parker 141 Williams of
Connell 4 Hollis 74 Peacock 171 Franklin 158
Coogle 154 Holloway 1115 Perkins 128 Williams of
Cornelius 199 Holton 183 Phillips of Tift 148
Cowart 181 Hopkins 1 Columbia 139 Willingham 77
Cummings 180 Huddleston 201 Phillips of Willis 146
Deal 192 Hughes 134 Walton 111 Wooten 84
Dean of Hurst 144 Pickard 73 Young 75
Towns 101 Ingle 87 Potts 109
Deen of Ivey 66 Raulerson 96 Fred Hand
Bacon 46 Jackson 163 Ray 44 Speaker
Denton 1 Jessup 56 Register 5 Rostrum
Dews 84 Johnson 191 Rowland 189
Drinkard 72 Jones of Russell 19 Joe Boone
Dunaway 198 Lumpkin 100 Rutland 150 Clerk
Duncan 129 Jones of Scoggin 10 Rostrum
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
101
OFFICERS OF THE
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
FRED HAND TERM 19531954 Speaker
Mitchell County GEORGE L SMITH II Speaker Pro Tem
JOE BOONE Emanuel County Clerk
JACK GREEN Wilkinson County Assistant
JANETTE HIRSCH Rabun County Assistant
BRETT BACON Fulton County Reading Clerk
NELL DUNCAN Fulton County Calendar Clerk
MARION TOMS Fulton County Doorkeeper
Quitman County LAWRENCE D BURKS Messenger
Webster County
102 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
MEMBERS OF THE
GEORGIA HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
ALPHABETICALLY ARRANGED ACCORDING TO NAMES WITH COUNTIES AND POST OFFICES
FOR THE TERM 19531954
Representative County Post Office
Abney Howard Catoosa Ringgold
Adams Owen J Upson Thomaston
Adams W L Roy Evans Claxton
Alexander J Sim Toombs Lyons
Ayers Jere C Madison Comer
Barber Leo T Colquitt Moultrie
Barber Mac Jackson Commerce
Barrett W J Jr Pike Zebulon
Baughman Leon H Early Cedar Springs
Bell John C Richmond Augusta
Bentley Fred D Cobb Marietta
Best Richard W Clay Fort Gaines
Birdsong Frank G Troup LaGrange
Black J Lucius Webster Preston
Blackburn T Sidney Habersham Alto Rt 2
Blalock D B Coweta Newnan
Bloodworth J W Houston Perry
Bodenhamer William T Tift Ty Ty
Boggus Argin A Sr Ben Hill Fitzgerald
Bolton Arthur K Spalding Griffin
Brannen C B Dooly Unadilla
Brantley W S Bill Upson Thomaston
Bray Charles W Meriwether Manchester
Brazeal Marvin Terrell Dawson
Britton W A Whitfield Dalton
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 103
Representative County
Brooks George BOglethorpe
Brown Cecil ETelfair
Buie Archie ACamden
Byrd D ETaylor
Callier H ChrisTalbot
Campbell AlbertWalker
Campbell J Phil JrOconee
Carswell Porter WBurke
Carter J EarlSumter
Chastain Robt EThomas
Clark W TScreven
Clary H EulondMcDuffie
Cloud H CarlDecatur
Coffin Paul FitzgeraldSchley
Coker Robert EWalker
Conger J WillisDecatur
Connell T GuyLowndes
Coogle Tom LMacon
Cornelius M MPolk
Cowart Calvin RStewart
Cummings John JSeminole
Deal W RoscoffBryan
Dean W KTowns
Deen Braswell JrBacon
Denton W LPaulding
Dews Charles ECalhoun
Drinkard John PLincoln
Dunaway Marson G JrPolk
Duncan J EbbCarroll
Durham John CBaker
Edenfield MoseMcIntosh
Edwards C WEffingham
Floyd James HChattooga
Post Office
Crawford
Lumber City
White Oak
Reynolds
Talbotton
LaFayette
Watkinsville
Waynesboro
Plains
Thomasville
Sylvania
Thomson
Climax
Ellaville
LaFayette
Bainbridge
Valdosta
Oglethorpe
Cedar town
Richland
Donalsonville
Pembroke
Young Harris
Alma
Dallas
Edison
Lincolnton
Rockmart
Carrollton
Newton
Darien
Springfield
Trion
4 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
Representative County Post Office
Flynt Wales T Taliaferro Crawford ville
Foster E Alvin Clayton Forest Park
Fowler A A Jr Douglas Douglasville
Freeman Wm B Monroe Forsyth
Frier W A Ware Millwood Rt 2
Gardner B C Jr Dougherty Albany
Garrard H G Wilkes Washington
Geer P Z Jr Miller Colquitt
Gilder R T Laurens Glenwood Rt 2
Gillis Hugh Treutlen Soperton Rt 1
Goodson Charles L Heard Franklin
Gowen Charles L Glynn Brunswick
Graham Sam T Richmond Augusta
Green Paul A Rabun Clayton
Green Robert H Baldwin Milledgeville
Greene Palmer H Crisp Cordele
Greer John W Lanier Lakeland
Grimsley Lonnie Hi Cook Adel
Groover Denmark Jr Bibb Macon
Groover M E Troup LaGrange
Gunter Wm B Hall Gainesville
Haar Ernest J Chatham Savannah
Hale Maddox J Dade Trenton
Hall J Battle Floyd Rome
Hamilton Curtis L Appling Baxley
Hand Fred Mitchell Pelham
Harper E Girdean Spalding Griffin
Harrell R A Grady Cairo
Harris John B Jr Bibb Macon
Harrison Robert L Wayne Jesup
Harrison Walter Jenkins Millen
Hayes Dewey Coffee Douglas
Henderson Waldo Atkinson Lakeland
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
105
Representative County Post Office
Hicks Mack G Floyd Rome
Hodges B Harvey Butts Jackson
Holley William W Richmond Augusta
Hollis Howell Muscogee Columbus
Holloway Joe P Gilmer Ellijay Rt 2
Holton Elie Coffee Douglas
Hopkins Alva J Jr Charlton Folkston
Huddleston Grady L Fayette Fayetteville
Hughes J C Dawson Gainesville
Hurst Joe J Quitman Georgetown
Ingle Odell Murray Chatsworth
Ivey W C Newton Porterdale
Jackson George L Jones Gray
Jessup Ben Bleckley Cochran
Johnson Jesse Brady Twiggs Dry Branch
Jones David C Worth Sylvester
Jones Fred C Lumpkin Dahlonega
Jordan C M Jr Wheeler Alamo
Jordan H Rhodes Gwinnett Lawrenceville
Kemp Edwin S Clayton Jonesboro
Key Wm Hicks Jasper Monticello
King Joe N Chattahoochee Cusseta
Land A T Wilkinson Allentown
Lanier William L Bill Candler Metter
Lavender Woodrow Wilson Elbert Bowman
Layton H L i Irwin Chula Rt 1
Lewis Miles Walker Greene Greensboro
Lifsey L G Sr Lamar Barnesville
Little F B Peach Fort Valley
Lokey Hamilton 9 Fulton Atlanta
Lovett W Herschel Laurens Dublin
Martin Tomi Banks Homer Rt 1
106 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
Representative County Post Office
Matheson B Benson Hart Hartwell
Matthews Chappelle Clarke Athens
Mauldin Henry A Gordon Calhoun
McCracken J Roy Jefferson A vera
McGarity Edward E Henry McDonough
McGee George H Chatham Savannah
McKenna Andrew W Bibb Macon
McWhorter W Hugh DeKalb Decatur
Mincy Cleve Ware Waycross
Mishoe Dr H M Tattnall Glennville
Moate Marvin E Hancock Sparta
Mobley T Watson Burke Girard
Moore A C Pickens Jasper
Moore Fred White Cleveland
Moses Henry Arthur Montgomery Uvalda
Moye L J Sr Washington Davisboro
Mull Reid Fannin Blue Ridge
Murphey R Clifton Crawford Roberta
Murphy Harold L Haralson Buchanan
Murr Jack Sumter Americus
Musgrove Downing Clinch Homerville
Nelson J D Pulaski Hawkinsville
Nightingale B N Glynn Brunswick
Otwell James A Jr Forsyth Cumming
Parker Arnold Baldwin Milledgeville
Peacock Gilbert C Dodge Eastman
Perkins C C Carroll Mount Zion
Phillips Glenn S Columbia Harlem
Phillips John Lee Walton Monroe
Pickard Mac Muscogee Columbus
Potts George W Coweta Newnan
Raulerson 0 W Pierce Patterson
Ray Jack B Warren Norwood
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 107
Representative County Post Office
Register G Troy Lowndes Valdosta
Rowland Emory L Johnson Wrightsville
Russell Robert L Jr Barrow Winder
Rutland Guy W Jr DeKalb Decatur
Scoggin Robert L Bob Floyd Rome
Sheffield John E Jr Brooks Quitman
Short H Jack Colquitt Doerun
Sipple Julian C Chatham Savannah
Sivell W D Harris Chipley
Smiley C J Liberty Walthourville
Smith Ben Cobb Marietta
Smith Geo L II Emanuel Swainsboro
Smith Hoke Fulton Atlanta
Smith M M Muggsy Fulton Atlanta
Stephens Robert G Jr Clarke Athens
Stevens E C Marion Buena Vista
Stewart Charles E Echols Haylow
Stocks Mrs Nellie M Lee Leesburg Rt 1
Strickland Joseph Barney Brantley Nahunta
Swindle J H Berrien Ray City
Tallant D Carl Cherokee Canton
Tamplin Howard H Morgan Madison
Tarbutton Ben J Washington Sandersville
Tarpley Jack G Union Blairsville
Terrell J Hudson Hall Lula Rt 2
Todd Wm G Glascock Gibson
Trapnell Algie J Bulloch Statesboro
Tumlin Floyd S Bartow Cartersville
Turk D E Wilcox Rochelle
Turner A Mell DeKalb Decatur
Twitty Frank S Mitchell Camilla
Upshaw Troy Bartow Rydal
Ursrey Lawton R Jeff Davis Hazlehurst
108
Representative
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
County
Post Office
Veal Dallas Putnam Eatonton
Walker Eli M Rockdale Conyers
War dio w Floyd Turner Ashburn
Watson G Stuart Dougherty Albany
Weems Paul B Chattooga Summerville
White E W Gwinnett Buford
Whitener J Roy Whitfield Dalton
Wiggins Ben T Stephens Toecoa
Wilkinson Carl C Long Ludowici Rt 2
Williams F Everett Bulloch Statesboro
Williams J L Tift Tifton
Williams J Weldon Sr Franklin Lavonia
Willingham Harold S Cobb Marietta
Willis 0 S Thomas Coolidge
Wooten J Mercer Randolph Shellman
Young J Gordon Muscogee Columbus
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 109
MEMBERS OF THE
GEORGIA HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
BY COUNTIES AND POST OFFICES FOR THE TERM 19531954
County Representative Curtis L Hamilton Post Office Baxley
Atkinson Waldo Henderson Lakeland Rt 2
Bacon Braswell Deen Jr Alma
Baker John C Durham Newton
Baldwin Robert H Green Milledgeville
Arnold Parker Milledgeville
Banks Tom Martin Homer Rt 1
Barrow Robert L Russell Jr Winder
Floyd S Tirmlin Cartersville
Bartow Troy Upshaw Rydal
Ben Hill Argin A Boggus Sr Fitzgerald
Berrien J H Swindle Ray City
Bibb Denmark Groover Jr Macon
Bibb John B Harris Jr Macon
Bibb Andrew W McKenna Macon
Bleckley Ben Jessup Cochran
Brantley Joseph Barney Strickland Nahunta
Brooks John E Sheffield Jr Quitman
Bryan W Roscoff Deal Pembroke
Bulloch Algie J Trapnell Statesboro
Bulloch F Everett Williams j Statesboro
Burke Porter W Carswell Waynesboro
Burke T Watson Mobley Girard
Butts B Harvey Hodges Jackson
Calhoun Charles E Dews Edison
110 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
County Representative Post Office
Camden Archie A Buie White Oak
Candler William L Bill Lanier Metier
Carroll J Ebb Duncan Carrollton
Carroll C C Perkins Mount Zion
Catoosa Howard Abney Ringgold
Charlton Alva J Hopkins Jr Folkston
Chatham Ernest J Haar Savannah
Chatham George H McGee Savannah
Chatham Julian C Sipple Savannah
Chattahoochee Joe N King Cusseta
Chattooga James H Floyd Trion
Chattooga Paul B Weems Summerville
Cherokee D Carl Tallant Canton
Clarke Chappelle Matthews Athens
Clarke Robert G Stephens Jr Athens
Clay Richard W Best Fort Gaines
Clayton E Alvin Foster Forest Park
Clayton Edwin S Kemp Jonesboro
Clinch Downing Musgrove Homerville
Cobb Fred D Bentley Marietta
Cobb Ben Smith Marietta
Cobb Harold S Willingham Marietta
Coffee Dewey Hayes Douglas
Coffee Elie Holton Douglas
Colquitt Leo T Barber Moultrie
Colquitt H Jaek Short Doerun
Columbia Glenn S Phillips Harlem
Cook Lonnie H Grimsley Adel
Coweta D B Blalock Newnan
Coweta George W Potts Newnan
Crawford R Clifton Murphey Roberta
Crisp Palmer H Greene Cordele
Dade Maddox J Hale Trenton
County
Dawson
Decatur
Decatur
DeKalb
DeKalb
DeKalb
DodgeU
Dooly
Dougherty
Dougherty
Douglas
Early
Echolsv
Effingham
Elbert
Emanuel
Evans
Fannin
Fayettei
Floyd
Floyd
Floyd
Forsyth
Franklin
Fultono
Fulton
Fulton
Gilmer
Glascock
Glynn
Glynn
Gordon
Grady
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 111
Representative Post Office
J C HughesIGainesville
H Carl CloudClimax
J Willis CongerBainbridge
W Hugh McWhorterDecatur
Guy W Rutland JrDecatur
A Mell TurnerDecatur
Gilbert C PeacockEastman
C B BrannenUnadilla
B C Gardner JrAlbany
G Stuart WatsonAlbany
A A Fowler Jr Douglasville
Leon H BaughmanCedar Springs
Charles E StewartHaylow
C W EdwardsSpringfield
Woodrow Wilson LavenderBowman
Geo L Smith IISwainsboro
W L Roy AdamsClaxton
Reid MullBlue Ridge
Grady L HuddlestonFayetteville
J Battle HallRome
Mack G HicksRome
Robert L Bob ScogginRome
James A Otwell JrCumming
J Weldon Williams SrLavonia
Hamilton LokeyAtlanta
Hoke SmithAtlanta
M M Muggsy SmithAtlanta
Joe P HollowayEllijay Rt 2
Wm G ToddGibson
Charles L GoweniBrunswick
B N NightingaleBrunswick
Henry A MauldinCalhoun
R A HarrellCairo
112 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
County Representative Post Office
Greene Miles Walker Lewis Greensboro
Gwinnett E W White Buford
Gwinnett H Rhodes Jordan Lawrenceville
Habersham T Sidney Blackburn Alto Rt 2
Hall Wm B Gunter Gainesville
Hall J Hudson Terrell Lula Rt 2
Hancock Marvin E Moate Sparta
Haralson Harold L Murphy Buchanan
Harris W D Sivell Chipley
Hart B Benson Matheson Hartwell
Heard Charles L Goodson Franklin
Henry Edward E McGarity McDonough
Houston J W Bloodworth Perry
Irwin H L Layton Chula Rt 1
Jackson Mac Barber Commerce
Jasper Wm Hicks Key Monticello
Jeff Davis Lawton R Ursrey Hazlehurst
Jefferson J Roy McCracken Avera
J enkins Walter Harrison Millen
Johnson Emory L Rowland Wrightsville
Jones George L Jackson Gray
Lamar L G Lifsey Sr Barnesville
Lanier John W Greer Lakeland
Laurens R T Gilder Glenwood Rt 2
Laurensi W Herschel Lovett Dublin
Lee Mrs Nellie M Stocks Leesburg Rt 1
Liberty C J Smiley Walthourville
Lincoln i John P Drinkard Lincolnton
Long Carl CL Wilkinson Ludowici Rt 2
Lowndes T Guy Connell Valdosta
Lowndes G Troy Register Valdosta
Lumpkin Fred C Jones Dahlonega
Macon Tom L Coogle Oglethorpe

LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 113
County Representative Post Office
Madison Jere C Ayers Comer
Marion E C Stevens Buena Vista
McDuffie H Eulond Clary Thomson
McIntosh Mose Edenfield Darien
Meriwether Charles W Bray Manchester
Miller P Z Geer Jr Colquitt
Mitchell Fred Hand Pelham
Mitchell Prank S Twitty Camilla
Wm B Freeman Forsyth
Montgomery Henry Arthur Moses Uvalda
Morgan Howard H Tamplin Madison
Murray Odell Ingle Chatsworth
Muscogee Howell Hollis Columbus
Muscogee Mac Pickard Columbus
Muscogee J Gordon Young Columbus
Newton W C Ivey Porterdale
Oconee t J Phil Campbell Jr Watkinsville
Oglethorpe George B Brooks Crawford
Paulding W L Denton 1 Dallas
Peach F B Little Fort Valley
Pickens A C Moore Jasper
Pierce 0 W Raulerson Patterson
Pike W J Barrett Jr Zebulon
Polk M M Cornelius Cedartown
Polk Marson G Dunaway Jr Rockmart
Pulaski J D Nelson Hawkinsville
Putnam Dallas Veal Eatonton
Quitman Joe J Hurst Georgetown
Rabun Paul A Green Clayton
Randolph J Mercer Wooten Shellman
Richmond John C Bell Augusta
Richmond Sam T Graham Augusta
114
County
Richmond
Rockdale
Schley
Screven
Seminole
Spalding
Spalding
Stephens
Stewart
Sumter
Sumteru
Talbot
Taliaferro
Tattnall
Taylori
Telfair
Terrell
Thomas
Thomas
Tift
Tift
Toombs
Towns
Treutlen
Troup
Troup
Turner
Twiggs
Union
Upson
Upson
Walker
Walker
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
Representative Post Office
William W HolleyAugusta
Eli M WalkerConyers
Paul Fitzgerald CoffinEllaville
W T ClarkSylvania
John J CummingsDonalsonville
Arthur K Bolton Griffin
E Girdean HarperGriffin
Ben T WigginsToccoa
Calvin R CowartRichland
J Earl Carter HPlains
Jack MurrAmericus
JL Chris Callier1ITalbotton
Wales T FlyntiCrawfordvillo
Dr H M MishoeGlennville
D E ByrdReynolds
Cecil E BrownLumber City
Marvin BrazealDawson
Robt E ChastainThomasville
0 S WillisCoolidge
William T BodenhamerTy Ty
J L WilliamsLTifton
J Sim AlexanderLyons
W K DeanYoung Harris
Hugh GillisSoperton Rt 1
Frank G BirdsongLaGrange
M E GrooverLaGrange
Floyd WardlowAshburn
Jesse Brady JohnsonDry Branch
Jack G TarpleyBlairsville
Owen J AdamsThomastan
W S Bill BrantleyThomaston
Robert E CokerLaFayette
Albert CampbellLaFayette
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 115
County Representative Post Office
Walton John Lee Phillips Monroe
Ware W A Frier Millwood Rt 2
Ware Cleve Mincy Waycross
Warren Jack B Ray Norwood
Washington L J Moye Sr Davisboro
Washington Ben J Tarbutton Sandersville
Wayne Robert L Harrison Jesup
Webster J Lucius Black Preston
Wheeler C M Jordan Jr Alamo
White Fred Moore Cleveland
Whitfield W A Britton Dalton
Whitfield J Roy Whitener Dalton
Wilcox D E Turk Rochelle
Wilkes H G Garrard Washington
Wilkinson A T Land Allentown
Worth David C Jones Sylvester
STANDING COMMITTEES
OF THE
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
TERM 1953 1954
118 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
ACADEMY FOR THE BLIND COMMITTEE
Jackson Chairman Bodenhamer ViceChairman Williams of Bulloch Secretary Baughman Brantley Brown Carter Coffin Gillis
Groover of Bibb Hale
Hamilton
Hughes
Ingle
J ohnson
Jordan of Gwinnett
Jordan of Wheeler
Martin
Matheson
Mauldin
McGee
Mishoe
Moore of White Nelson Trapnell Upshaw W alker
Williams of Franklin
AMENDMENTS TO THE CONSTITUTION No 1 COMMITTEE
Freeman Chairman Russell ViceChairman Hale Secretary Bentley Best Brooks Chastain Deal Floyd Graham
Groover of Bibb
Haar
Key
Layton
Mauldin
Scoggin
Short
Sipple
Smith H of Fulton
Stephens of Clarke
Swindle
Tarpley
Terrell
Walker
Wardlow
Watson
White
Whitener
Wiggins
Williams of Franklin
AMENDMENTS TO THE CONSTITUTION No 2 COMMITTEE
Gowen Chairman Adams of Upson
Nightingale ViceChairman Bell
Murr Secretary Bolton
Abney Campbell of Walker
LEGISLATIVE
Conger
Deen of Bacon
Dews
Dunaway
Gardner
Gillis
Gunter
Hamilton
Harris
Hicks
Hollis
Ingle
APPROPRIATIONS
Lovett Chairman
Ursrey ViceChairman
Scoggin Secretary Bodenhamer Brantley
Campbell of Oconee
Cloud
Coffin
Deal
Deen of Bacon
Drinkard
Duncan
Edenfield
Floyd
Flynt
Goodson
Graham
Green of Rabun
Groover of Troup
Harper
Harris
Henderson
Hollis
Holton
Jessup
Johnson
1
MANUAL 119
Jackson
Jordan of Gwinnett
Little
Lokey
Smith of Cobb
Stewart
Tallant
Veal
Weems
Willingham
Williams of Tift
COMMITTEE
Key
Layton
Matheson
Mauldin
McCracken
McWhorter
Mincy
Mishoe
Moses
Murphy of Haralson
Register
Russell
Sheffield
Sipple
Smiley
Smith H of Fulton
Swindle
Terrell
Tumlin
Turk
Wardlow
Weems
White
Williams of Franklin Willis
120 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
AUDITING COMMITTEE
Campbell of Walker Chairman Clary ViceChairman Durham Secretary Bodenhamer Brooks Deal
Dean of Towns Hodges Hughes Ingle
Jones of Worth Jordan of Gwinnett Layton Matheson Mauldin
Mobley
Mull
Nightingale
Peacock
Pickard
Raulerson
Stocks
Strickland
Trapnell
Ursrey
Walker
Weems
Williams of Franklin Willingham
AVIATION COMMITTEE
Fowler Chairman Barber of Jackson ViceChairman Brannen Secretary Boggus Brantley
Campbell of Walker Carter Clark
Deen of Bacon Edenfield Gilder Goodson Grimsley Hale
Hamilton
BANKS AND
Tarbutton Chairman Stephens of Clarke ViceChairman
Holton Hughes Ingle Jessup Martin Perkins Pickard Register Russell Sheffield Sipple Stewart Todd Veal
Wilkinson Williams of Tift
BANKING COMMITTEE
Best Secretary
Adams of Evans Adams of Upson
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
Barber of Colquitt
Bentley
Bolton
Brannen
Brantley
Carswell
Coffin
Cummings
Duncan
Garrard
Gillis
Graham
Gunter
Haar
Henderson
Jackson
Jessup
Jordan of Wheeler
Key
Land
Lovett
McKenna
McWhorter
Nightingale
Smith M of Fulton
Swindle
Tallant
Tumlin
White
Williams of Bulloch Williams of Tift
COMMERCE COMMITTEE
Greene of Crisp Chairman Musgrove ViceChairman Murphey of Haralson Secretary Ayers Baughman Bell J Boggus Carter Clark Clary Coffin Denton Edenfield Flynt Geer Gilder Hamilton Harper
Hughes
Jones of Worth Lanier Little Martin
Moore of Pickens
Peacock
Potts
Register
Rutland
Short
Smith H of Fulton
Stevens of Marion
Stewart
Strickland
Upshaw
Veal
Young
CONSERVATION COMMITTEE
Gillis Chairman Todd Secretary
Musgrove ViceChairman Adams of Evans
121
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
Alexander Black Brazeal Buie Callier Clark Clary Deal Dean of Towns Deen of Bacon Edenfield Edwards Frier Gilder Gowen Grimsley Haar Hamilton Harrell
Harrison of Jenkins Harrison of Wayne Hayes
Hodges
Hopkins
Huddleston
Hurst
Jordan of Wheeler
Key
Layton
Mishoe
Moate
Mobley
Raulerson
Sivell
Stewart
Strickland
Tarbutton
Turner
Wardlow
Weems
White
Wilkinson
Wooten
CORPORATIONS COMMITTEE
Cornelius Chairman Mishoe ViceChairman Perkins Secretary Ayers Baughman Black
Bloodworth
Brantley
Britton
Campbell of Walker
Garrard
Goodson
Groover of Bibb
Groover of Troup
Gunter
Hale
Hamilton
Holley
Hughes
Irigle
Jones of Worth
Lokey
Martin
Mauldin
Mull
Rutland
Tallant
Todd
Walker
Young
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 123
COUNTIES AND COUNTY MATTERS COMMITTEE
Lavender Chairman Gardner ViceChairman Geer Secretary Abney Alexander Baughman Bell Bentley Best
Birdsong
Boggus
Bray
Carswell
Cloud
Coffin
Deal
Dean of Towns
Dews
Dunaway
Duncan
Frier
Hale
Henderson
Hicks
Hodges
Holton
Hopkins
Ivey
Jessup
Jones of Lumpkin
Kemp
King
Lokey
McGarity
McKenna
McWhorter
Moore of Pickens
Moye
Murphey of Crawford
Musgrove
Nelson
Nightingale
Pickard
Short
Sipple
Stephens of Clarke
Strickland
Swindle
Tarpley
Trapnell
Upshaw
Whitener
Willis
Wooten
DRAINAGE COMMITTEE
Smith of Emanuel Chairman Smith H of Fulton ViceChairman
Smith M of Fulton Secretary Barrett Best Brazeal Brooks Callier
Campbell of Oconee
Carswell
Connell
Deal
Dews
Duncan
Edenfield
Gillis
Greene of Crisp
Hall
Hopkins
124 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
Jessup
Jones of Lumpkin
Jordan of Wheeler
Key
King
Lanier
Matthews
McCracken
McGee
EDUCATION
Hall Chairman Otwell ViceChairman Sivell Secretary Barrett Bell
Birdsong
Bodenhamer
Brannen
Bray
Byrd
Carswell
Coffin
Cummings
Deal
Denton
Green of Rabun J essup
Jones of Worth Key
Musgrove
Phillips of Columbia
Ray
Short
Smiley
Stevens of Marion Tumlin
Williams of Bulloch Willingham
1 COMMITTEE
King
Lanier
Lovett
Matthews
McGarity
Moore of White
Moses
Moye
Smith of Emanuel
Stevens of Marion
Tamplin
Tumlin
Turner
Twitty
Whitener
Wilkinson
Williams of Bulloch
Williams of Franklin
Wooten
EDUCATION NO 2 COMMITTEE
Duncan Chairman Harrison of Jenkins ViceChairman Cloud Secretary
Adams of Evans
Blackburn
Bloodworth
Conger
Dunaway
Floyd
Freeman
Frier
Gilder
Green of Baldwin
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 125
Greer Moore of Pickens
Grimsley Mull
Gunter Murphey of Crawford
Holloway Sipple
Hughes Swindle
Ingle Tarpley
Johnson Todd
Lifsey Upshaw
Mauldin Ursrey
Mishoe Walker
Moate
ENGROSSING COMMITTEE
Green of Rabun Chairman Black ViceChairman Short Secretary Abney
Adams of Upson
Baughman
Bell
Bray
Cloud
Coker
Cummings
Flynt
Gunter
Harper
Johnson
Martin
McKenna
McWhorter
Moye
Nelson
Raulerson
Tarpley
Todd
Trapnell
Upshaw
Veal
Wilkinson
Williams of Franklin Williams of Tift Young
ENROLLMENT COMMITTEE
Baughman Chairman Graham ViceChairman Peacock Secretary Ayers
Bodenhamer
Bolton
Brantley
Campbell of Walker Carter
Clark
Coffin
Deen of Bacon
Grimsley
Harris
Hodges
Ingle
Jackson
Little
126 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
Moses
Mull
Perkins
Potts
Register
Smith of Cobb
Stewart
Strickland
Walker
Wilkinson
EXCUSE OF MEMBERS ABSENT WITHOUT LEAVE COMMITTEE
Deen of Bacon Chairman Groover of Bibb ViceChairman Alexander Secretary Barrett Bloodworth Campbell of Walker Carter Clary Coffin Cornelius Green of Baldwin
Harper
Ingle
Jackson
Layton
Lifsey
Martin
Nightingale
Perkins
Smith of Cobb
Todd
GAME AND FISH COMMITTEE
Edenfield Chairman Jessup ViceChairman Best Secretary Abney Alexander Bentley Black Blalock Buie Clary
Deen of Bacon
Dunaway
Durham
Edwards
Flynt
Gillis
Gowen
Greene of Grisp Haar
Hale
Harrell
Harrison of Wayne
Hicks
Hopkins
Ivey
Jones of Lumpkin
Jones of Worth
Jordan of Wheeler
Lavender
Lewis
Matthews
Mauldin
McKenna
Musgrove
Otwell
Scoggin
Sheffield
Sivell
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
127
Smiley Tumlin
Stevens of Marion Turner
Stocks Ursrey
Swindle Wardlow i
Tarpley Whitener
Trapnell
GENERAL AGRICULTURE NO 1 COMMITTEE
Campbell of Oconee Chairman Land
Carswell ViceChairman Mauldin
Murr Secretary Moore of White
Adams of Evans Moses
Barber of Colquitt Nelson
Black Phillips of Walton
Blackburn Potts
Boggus Raulerson
Brannen Rowland
Brown Russell
Callier Sivell
Clary Stewart
Cloud Stocks
Coffin Swindle
Coogle Tamplin
Cummings Todd
Dews Trapnell
Harrell Wilkinson
Harrison of Jenkins Willis
Holton Wooten
Jones of Worth
GENERAL AGRICULTURE NO 2 COMMITTEE
Lanier Chairman Edwards
Ursrey ViceChairman Floyd
Hurst Secretary Fowler
Alexander Freeman
Barber of Jackson Frier
Barrett Geer
Bodenhamer Gilder
Clark Greer
Cowart Grimsley
Deen of Bacon Hodges
128
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
Ingle Murphey of Crawford
Johnson Peacock
Key Strickland
Lavender Tallant
Layton Turk
Lifsey Wardlow
Little White
McGarity Williams of Franklin
Mobley
GENERAL JUDICIARY NO 1 COMMITTEE
Hollis Chairman Jackson
Dews ViceChairman Jordan of Gwinnett
Connell Secretary Key
Alexander Lavender
Bell Lokey
Brooks Matthews
Flynt McCracken
Foster McGee
Freeman McKenna
Gardner Murphy of Haralson
Geer Tarpley
Gowen Twitty
Hale Veal
Hicks Whitener
GENERAL JUDICIARY NO 2 COMMITTEE
Willingham Chairman Denton ViceChairman Conger Secretary Ayers Bentley Best Blalock Bolton Deal
Dean of Towns
Dunaway
Gilder
Goodson
Green of Baldwin
Haar
Harris
Moore of White Mull Murr Rutland
Stephens of Clarke Walker Weems Wiggins
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 129
GEORGIA SCHOOL FOR THE DEAF COMMITTEE
Scoggin Chairman Raulerson ViceChairman Carter Secretary
Adams of Upson
Ayers
Best
Bolton
Cornelius
Cowart
Deal
Dean of Towns Frier Gunter Hayes
Henderson
Hodges
Jordan of Gwinnett
Lokey
Martin
Matheson
McWhorter
Nightingale
Peacock
Veal
Wardlow
Weems
Williams of Tift
GEORGIA STATE SANITARIUM COMMITTEE
Chastain Chairman Parker ViceChairman Boggus Secretary
Barber of Colquitt Black
Bodenhamer
Brannen
Brown
Carswell
Clark
Cummings
Drinkard
Flynt
Freeman
Gilder
Green of Baldwin
Green of Rabun
Greer
Grimsley
Hamilton
Harper
Harrell
Hollis
Huddleston
Lovett
Matheson
McWhorter
Mincy
Murphey of Crawford
Nightingale
Perkins
Register
Russell
Sheffield
Sipple
Stewart
Tamplin
Turk
Twitty
Watson
Williams of Bulloch Williams of Franklin
130 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
HALLS AND ROOMS COMMITTEE
Black Chairman Bolton ViceChairman Wilkinson Secretary Best
Blackburn
Dean of Towns
Edwards
Gowen
Grimsley
Hodges
Holton
Ivey
J ackson
Little
Martin
Matheson
McKenna
Moate
Moses
Murphey of Crawford
Rutland
Smiley
Stocks
Strickland
Swindle
Upshaw
HISTORICAL RESEARCH COMMITTEE
Willis Chairman Adams of Upson ViceChairman Bodenhamer Secretary Abney Barrett Baughman Bentley Black Blalock Blood worth Brown Carswell Clark Cloud Coffin Coker Denton Gowen
Gunter
Haar
Harper
Harris
Hayes
Jordan of Wheeler
Lanier
Lifsey
McWhorter
Musgrove
Raulerson
Short
Stephens of Clark
Stewart
Veal
Watson
Williams of Bulloch
HYGIENE AND SANITATION COMMITTEE
Williams of Bulloch Chairman Baughman Mishoe ViceChairman Boggus
Groover of Troup Secretary Callier
Ayers Coker
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
131
Dean of Towns Deen of Bacon Gilder Hamilton
Harrison of Wayne
Holley
Holloway
Lewis
Lifsey
Little
McGarity
Mincy
Murphy of Haralson
Potts
Ray
Trapnell
Tumlin
Turner
White
Williams of Tift Young
INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS COMMITTEE
Rowland Chairman McGee ViceChairman Barber of Jackson Secretary Adams of Upson Barber of Colquitt Best
Birdsong
Conger
Cornelius
Foster
Gardner
Gowen
Greer
Groover of Troup
Harper
Hicks
Holley
Hollis
Ivey
Musgrove
Ray
Russell
Rutland
Smith of Emanuel
Stephens of Clarke
Terrell
Twitty
Wiggins
INSURANCE COMMITTEE
Smith M of Fulton Chairman Harper ViceChairman Otwell Secretary
Barber of Colquitt
Bell
Best
Blalock
Brantley
Carswell
Connell
Garrard
Greene of Crisp Groover of Troup Hall Harrell
Harrison of Jenkins
Harrison of Wayne
Holton
Hurst
J ackson
Jessup
Kemp
132
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
Land
Lavender
Murphey of Crawford Perkins
Phillips of Columbia
Phillips of Walton
Rowland
Russell
Sipple
Stephens of Clarke
Tarbutton
Turner
Ursrey
Veal
Williams of Bulloch
Willingham
Young
INTERSTATE COOPERATION COMMITTEE
Smith of Emanuel Chairman Phillips of Columbia
McCracken ViceChairman Twitty
Ray Secretary
INVALID PENSIONS AND SOLDIERS HOME COMMITTEE
Callier Chairman Jordan of Gwinnett ViceChairman Hodges Secretary
Barber of Colquitt
Barrett
Bodenhamer
Brannen
Cummings
Dean of Towns
Dews
Dunaway
Frier
Grimsley
Hamilton
Ivey
Lanier
Little
McWhorter
Murphey of Crawford
Murphy of Haralson
Phillips of Columbia
Phillips of Walton
Register
Sipple
Walker
Watson
Weems
White
JOURNALS COMMITTEE
Garrard Chairman Coker
Raulerson ViceChairman Fowler
Brantley Secretary Frier
Alexander Green of Baldwin
Callier Henderson
Clary Hicks
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
Holloway Strickland
Hurst Tamplin
Lewis Upshaw
Lokey Veal
Mincy Walker
Moore of White Weems
Otwell Whitener
Smith of Cobb Williams of Tift
LEGISLATIVE AND CONGRESSIONAL
REAPPORTIONMENT COMMITTEE
Moate Chairman King
Deal ViceChairman Lanier
Smiley Secretary Lavender
Birdsong Matthews
Blackburn Phillips of Columbia
Boggus Phillips of Walton
Brannen Raulerson
Campbell of Oconee Ray
Cloud Rowland
Connell Scoggin
Coogle Sheffield
Drinkard Sivell
Geer Smith of Emanuel
Greene of Crisp Smith M of Fulton
Hall Stocks
Holley Swindle
Hopkins Trapnell
Kemp Twitty
Key Weems
MANUFACTURERS COMMITTEE
Ivey Chairman Bray
Swindle ViceChairman Britton
Groover of Bibb Secretary Buie
Adams of Upson Cornelius
Bentley Floyd
Birdsong Fowler
Blalock Gardner
Bloodworth Garrard
Bolton Geer
134
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
Goodson
Gowen
Hall
Harrell
Hurst
Jackson
Land
Little
Martin
Moate
Moore of Pickens Moye
Mull
Musgrove
Peacock
Potts
Rutland
Smith M of Fulton
Stevens of Marion
Stewart
Twitty
Wiggins
Williams of Franklin
MILITARY AFFAIRS COMMITTEE
Turner Chairman Sheffield ViceChairman Byrd Secretary Abney
Adams of Upson Ayers
Barber of Jackson
Best
Brazeal
Campbell of Oconee Campbell of Walker Fowler
Groover of Bibb
Gunter
Haar
Holton
Hurst
Johnson
Jones of Lumpkin
Jordan of Gwinnett
Kemp
Lanier
Mauldin
McGarity
McKenna
Murr
Scoggin
Smith of Cobb
Smith H of Fulton
Tumlin
Watson
Wiggins
Willingham
Young
MINES AND MINING COMMITTEE
McGarity Chairman Wiggins ViceChairman Abney Secretary Barrett Bray
Campbell of Walker
Cornelius Dean of Towns Fowler Frier
Green of Baldwin Green of Rabun
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
135
Gunter
Hamilton
Hayes
Hodges
Holloway
Ingle
Jones of Lumpkin
Lifsey
Moye
Mull
Murphy of Haralson
Register
Tumlin
Upshaw
Wardlow
Weems
Whitener
Young
MOTOR VEHICLES COMMITTEE
Jones of Lumpkin Chairman Drinkard ViceChairman Nelson Secretary Alexander Barrett Birdsong Black Brazeal Callier Chastain Clark Connell Garrard Geer Gillis Graham Hall
Henderson
Hollis
McKenna
Moate
Mull
Murphey of Crawford
Phillips of Columbia
Rutland
Sipple
Sivell
Smith of Cobb
Smith M of Fulton
Stephens of Clarke
Stevens of Marion
Terrell
Ursrey
Wiggins
MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT COMMITTEE
Smith H of Fulton Chairman Turner ViceChairman Cowart Secretary Abney
Barber of Colquitt
Best
Blalock
Britton
Carter
Chastain
Duncan
Durham
Edenfield
Flynt
Garrard
Gowen
Graham
Green of Rabun Greene of Crisp Greer
136
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
Grimsley Groover of Troup Harris
Harrison of Jenkins Hayes Hollis Jackson
Otwell
Phillips of Walton
Scoggin
Sheffield
Swindle
Tarbutton
Todd
Lewis Turk
Lifsey Ursrey
Lovett Williams of Bulloch
McGee Willingham
PENITENTIARY COMMITTEE
Chairman Johnson
son of Wayne Jordan of Gwinnett
Chairman Matheson
ard Secretary McGarity
Brannen Mobley
Brooks Moore of Pickens
Coogle Nightingale
Deal Peacock
Dews Phillips of Walton
Duncan Pickard
Durham Rowland
Flynt Short
Foster Stevens of Marion
Greene of Crisp Stocks
Groover of Troup Tamplin
Henderson Tumlin
Hicks Turner
Hodges Ursrey
Holloway Willingham
Jessup
PENSIONS COMMITTEE
Adams of Evans Chairman Tumlin ViceChairman Harris Secretary
Adams of Upson
Birdsong
Boggus
Bolton
Britton
Byrd
Conger
Connell
Dean of Towns
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
Drinkard
Duncan
Edwards
Gowen
Greer
Hollis
Holloway
Holton
Key
Mishoe
p
Phillips of Walton
Potts
Raulerson
Russell
Rutland
Short
Smiley
Smith M of Fulton
Watson
Wiggins
Williams of Franklin Young
PRIVILEGES AND ELECTIONS COMMITTEE
Birdsong Chairman Denton ViceChairman Little Secretary Bloodworth Durham Fowler Gardner Garrard Henderson Holloway Hurst Layton McGarity McGee
McKenna
Moore of Pickens
Murphy of Haralson
Parker
Peacock
Russell
Smith of Cobb
Tallant
Terrell
Trapnell
Wardlow
White
Willis
PRIVILEGES OF THE FLOOR COMMITTEE
Harrell Chairman Barrett ViceChairman Huddleston Secretary Brannen Bray Britton Buie
Campbell of Oconee
Coogle
Foster
Greene of Crisp
Groover of Troup
Hall
Harper
Hopkins
King
Lanier
Lokey
Lovett
Matthews
138
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
McCracken Smith of Emanuel
Moye Musgrove Nelson Phillips of Columbia Ray Tamplin Tumlin Williams of Bulloch Wooten
PUBLIC HIGHWAYS No 1 COMMITTEE
Brazeal Chairman Pickard ViceChairman Little Secretary Barrett Baughman Black Blalock Brantley Brooks Brown Callier Campbell of Oconee Carswell Chastain Clark Cloud Coogle Cowart Cummings Dean of Towns Duncan Edenfield Foster Gillis Green of Rabun Greene of Crisp Hopkins Huddleston Hurst Ivey Jessup Jones of Worth Jordan of Wheeler Key King Land Lifsey Mishoe Moate Musgrove Murphey of Crawford Murphy of Haralson Sheffield Short Sivell Tamplin Turner Whitener Williams of Tift Willingham
PUBLIC HIGHWAYS No 2 COMMITTEE
Wooten Chairman Henderson ViceChairman Wiggins Secretary Abney Adams of Evans Barber of Colquitt Blackburn Bloodworth Brannen Britton
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139
Buie
Byrd
Campbell of Walker
Carter
Clary
Denton
Dews
Dunaway
Freeman
Geer
Gilder
Groover of Troup
Harrison of Jenkins
Harrison of Wayne
Hayes
Johnson
Lewis
Lovett
McGarity
Moses
Nightingale
Otwell
Peacock
Potts
Raulerson
Rowland
Smiley
Smith M of Fulton
Stevens of Marion
Stocks
Strickland
Tarbutton
Tarpley
Turk
Watson
White
Wilkinson
PUBLIC LIBRARY COMMITTEE
Coogle Chairman Tamplin ViceChairman Bloodworth Secretary Barber of Jackson Blackburn Byrd Cloud Denton Durham Floyd Foster
Groover of Bibb
Harrell
Hurst
Kemp
Layton
Lewis
Lokey
Mauldin
McGarity
Mincy
Moore of White Murr Nelson Smiley
Smith of Cobb Stephens of Clarke Tallant Terrell
PUBLIC PRINTING COMMITTEE
DrinkARD Chairman Adams of Evans
McWhorter ViceChairman Ayers
Trapnell Secretary Barber of Jackson
140
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
Birdsong Holton
Bray Brazeal Brown Carswell Chastain Cornelius Cowart Gardner Harper Harrison of Wayne Huddleston Moye Nelson Parker Rowland Sheffield Tumlin Whitener Williams of Bulloch
PUBLIC PROPERTY COMMITTEE
Blalock Chairman Tarpley ViceChairman Sivell Secretary Barber of Colquitt Coogle Cornelius Durham Edwards Fowler Greene of Crisp Greer Groover of Bibb Groover of Troup Hale Harrell Harrison of Jenkins Hicks Land Mincy Moore of White Murr Parker Perkins Register Tarbutton Ursrey White Willis
PUBLIC UTILITIES COMMITTEE Coffin Chairman Denton
Short ViceChairman Wooten Secretary Abney Bentley Blalock Callier Carswell Coker Conger Connell Freeman Garrard Green of Rabun Harrison of Jenkins Harrison of Wayne Holley Jones of Lumpkin McGee Murphy of Haralson Otwell
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141
Buie
Phillips of Walton Tarbutton
Pickard Upshaw
Rutland Ursrey
Smith H of Fulton Watson
PUBLIC WELFARE COMMITTEE
i Chairman Hopkins
is ViceChairman Huddleston
Secretary Johnson
Adams of Evans Kemp
Barber of Jackson Lifsey
Bell Matheson
Blackburn McCracken
Bodenhamer McKenna
Brantley McWhorter
Bray Moate
Cloud Mobley
Coker Moore of Pickens
Cowart Moye
Foster Murphey of Crawford
Freeman Murr
Frier Nelson
Green of Baldwin Otwell
Green of Rabun Scoggin
Grimsley Turk
Harrison of Jenkins Twitty
Henderson Willis
Hollis Wooten
RAILROADS COMMITTEE
Holley Chairman Haar ViceChairman Phillips of Walton Secretary Barber of Colquitt Bloodworth Boggus Brantley Brooks Conger Coogle
Durham
Freeman
Gardner
Goodson
Greer
Groover of Troup
Huddleston
Land
Lavender
Layton
142
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
Matthews
McGee
Mincy
Murr
Parker
Perkins
Pickard
Potts
Register
Smith M of Fulton
Tallant
Tarbutton
Terrell
Turk
Wilkinson
RULES COMMITTEE
Mr Speaker Chairman Twitty ViceChairman Gardner Secretary Barrett Brazeal Brown Byrd Callier
Campbell of Oconee
Campbell of Walker
Chastain
Coffin
Connell
Drinkard
Geer
Gillis
Greene of Crisp
Groover of Bibb
Haar
Hall
Harrell
Harrison of Wayne
Holley
Hopkins
Jackson
Jones of Lumpkin
Jordan of Wheeler
Key
King
Lavender
Lovett
McCracken
McGee
Moate
Moore of White
Phillips of Columbia
Pickard
Ray
Smiley
Smith of Emanuel Smith H of Fulton Stephens of Clarke Stevens of Marion Stocks Tarbutton Turner Willingham
SANITARIUM AT ALTO
Hicks Chairman Sipple ViceChairman Ivey Secretary Abney
AND ROME COMMITTEE
Blackburn
Buie
Byrd
Conger
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
Cornelius Land
Denton Layton
Edwards Mincy
Floyd Mobley
Goodson Moore of Pickens
Haar Smith of Cobb
Hale Terrell
Harris Upshaw
Holloway Holton Willis
SPECIAL APPROPRIATIONS COMMITTEE
R of Colquitt Chairman Holley
sr ViceChairman Holloway
of Cobb Secretary Hurst
Ayers Jones of Worth
Barber of Jackson Lewis
Blackburn Martin
Brazeal Matthews
Brooks McGarity
Byrd Mobley
Clark Mull
Clary Perkins
Conger Phillips of Walton
Cummings Potts
Denton Stocks
Dews Strickland
Dunaway Tallant
Edwards Todd
Foster Veal
Gilder Walker
Green of Baldwin Williams of Tift
Hale Young
SPECIAL JUDICIARY COMMITTEE
Brooks Chairman Bray
Smith of Cobb ViceChairman Brown
Watson Secretary Carter
Adams of Upson Coker
144
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
Cornelius
Cowart
Dews
Durham
Floyd
Gunter
Harrison of Wayne Hayes Holloway Hughes
Jones of Worth
Land
Mishoe
Moses
Moye
Scoggin
Short
Smith H of Fulton
Tallant
Terrell
Turk
Williams of Tift
STATE OF THE REPUBLIC COMMITTEE
McCracken Chairman Phillips of Columbia ViceChairman Todd Secretary
Adams of Evans
Alexander
Baughman
Bentley
Black
Blalock
Brannen
Brazeal
Brooks
Brown
Byrd
Callier
Campbell of Oconee
Clary
Connell
Coogle
Denton
Drinkard
Edenfield
Edwards
Flynt
Foster
Garrard
Gillis
Graham
Harrell
Hayes
Huddleston
Hurst
Ivey
J ackson
Jones of Lumpkin
Kemp
Lanier
Lovett
Matthews
McGarity
McKenna
Moate
Moses
Murr
Nelson
Otwell
Raulerson
Ray
Rowland
Russell
Sheffield
Sivell
Smiley
Smith of Emanuel Stevens of Marion
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
Tamplin Wilkinson
T witty Willis
Wiggins
STATE PRISON FARMS COMMITTEE
Stevens of Marion Chairman Huddleston
Moses ViceChairman Hughes
Willis Secretary Jordan of Gwinnett
Alexander King
Britton McCracken
Brown Mishoe
Buie Mobley
Byrd Moore of Pickens
Foster Nelson
Fowler Potts
Goodson Tallant
Haar Terrell
Hicks
TEMPERANCE COMMITTEE
Connell Chairman Key
Willingham ViceChairman McCracken
King Secretary McGarity
Brooks McGee
Coogle Musgrove
Edenfield Phillips of Columbia
Gardner Pickard
Gillis Sipple
Graham Smiley
Groover of Bibb Smith of Emanuel
Harris Smith M of Fulton
Holley Willis
Hopkins
TRAINING SCHOOLS COMMITTEE
Bell Chairman Chastain
Rutland ViceChairman Cloud
Green of Baldwin Secretary Cowart
Adams of Evans Drinkard
Blackburn Edwards
Buie Foster
146
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
Geer
Green of Rabun Hall
Jones of Lumpkin
Kemp
Matheson
McGee
McKenna
Moore of White
Murr
Otwell
Parker
Turner
Watson
Willingham
UNIFORM STATE LAWS COMMITTEE
Pickard Chairman Bentley ViceChairman Durham Secretary Brazeal Chastain Conger Dunaway Floyd Goodson
Green of Baldwin Groover of Bibb Hall
Holley
Hughes
Jones of Lumpkin
Jordan of Gwinnett
King
Land
Mincy
Mobley
Moore of White Murr
Stephens of Clarke Wilkinson
UNIVERSITY SYSTEM OF GEORGIA COMMITTEE
Matthews Chairman Smith H of Fulton ViceChairman Cummings Secretary Ayers
Barber of Jackson
Bell
Brooks
Campbell of Oconee
Carter
Coker
Deen of Bacon Duncan Fowler Gardner
Harris
Hayes
Hollis
Lavender
Little
Lokey
Mincy
Moore of Pickens
Moses
Murr
Musgrove
Parker
Ray
Register
Rowland
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
147
Bussell
Smith of Emanuel Smith M of Fulton Stephens of Clarke Tamplin
Trapnell
Whitener
Wiggins
Willis
VETERANS AFFAIRS COMMITTEE
Jordan of Wheeler Chairman Tarpley ViceChairman Goodson Secretary Baughman Bentley Boggus Bolton Britton Clary Conger Dews Dunaway Floyd Gardner Graham Harris Hayes Hicks Hollis
Hopkins
Huddleston
King
Lavender
Lewis
Lokey
Lovett
Matheson
Murphy of Haralson
Nightingale
Perkins
Phillips of Walton
Russell
Short
Stevens of Marion
Turk
Wardlow
Wooten
WAYS AND MEANS COMMITTEE
Ray Chairman Lokey ViceChairman Key Secretary
Adams of Upson
Alexander
Baughman
Bell
Bentley
Best
Birdsong
Bloodworth
Bolton
Bray
Britton
Chastain
Coker
Connell
Cornelius
Cowart
Cummings
Dews
Durham
Fowler
Freeman
Frier
Garrard
Gowen
Greene of Crisp
148
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
Greer
Harrison of Jenkins
Hicks
Ivey
Jones of Worth
Jordan of Wheeler
Land
Lanier
Lavender
Lifsey
Little
Moye
Parker
Peacock
Pickard
Rutland
Scoggin
Short
Smith of Emanuel
Smith M of Fulton
Stewart
Tamplin
Tarbutton
Twitty
Watson
Wiggins
Williams of Bulloch
Willingham
Wooten
Young
WESTERN ATLANTIC RAILROAD COMMITTEE
Harrison of Jenkins Chairman Bentley ViceChairman Flynt Secretary
Barber of Jackson
Bolton
Britton
Buie
Byrd
Campbell of Walker
Coker
Coogle
Cowart
Deen of Bacon
Dews
Drinkard
Durham
Fowler
Geer
Graham
Hale
Hopkins
Huddleston
Hughes
Johnson
Kemp
Lewis
Matthews
Mobley
Mull
Murphy of Haralson
Parker
Perkins
Pickard
Ray
Scoggin
Sheffield
Sivell
Stocks
Tarpley
Turk
Wardlow
RULES OF THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
30 32UOH HT 20 Z3JUP
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
THE SPEAKER
Rule 1 The Speaker shall in his discretion suspend irrelevant debate and command silence whenever he may deem it needful
Rule 2 In all cases of election by the House the Speaker shall vote In other cases he shall not vote unless the House be equally divided or unless his vote if given to the minority will make the division equal and in case of such equal division the question shall be lost But in all cases where a fixed constitutional vote is required to pass the bill or measure under consideration and said bill or measure shall lack only one vote to pass the same the Speaker shall vote and his vote so cast shall be counted the same as that of any other member
Rule 3 When two or more members shall rise at the same time the Speaker shall name the person entitled to proceed
Rules 4 All committees shall be appointed by the Speaker unless otherwise ordered by the House
Rule 5 The method of stating a question or any motion by the Speaker after the same has been read to the House by the Clerk shall be as follows All in favor of the motion will say Aye Those opposed will say No And when a decision may seem doubtful to the Speaker or a division of the House is called for by any one member of the House the Speaker shall call upon the members in favor of the motion to rise and after a count is had by the clerk he shall call upon the members to reverse their positions and the Speaker shall announce the result
Discretion of Speaker
When Speaker shall vote
Right of member to the floor to be decided by the Speaker
Appointment of Committees
Methods of stating a question by Speaker
152 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
Speaker may name members to preside Rule 6 The Speaker may during a days sitting name any member to perform the duties of the Chair during any part of that sitting but no longer
Duty of Clerk when Speaker is absent Rule 7 Whenever from any cause the Speaker shall be absent the Speaker pro tempore shall preside and if both shall be absent the Clerk of the House shall call the House to Order and shall preside until a Speaker pro tempore shall be elected which said election shall be the first business of the House The Speaker pro tempore thus elected shall preside until the return of one of the first named officers when his functions shall cease
Appeals from ruling of the Speaker Rule 8 Should any member of the House be dissatisfied with the ruling of the Speaker on any point he shall rise and respectfully address the Speaker and say I appeal from the decision of the Chair The Speaker will then state to the House the point ruled on and his decision on it and shall then put the question of appeal to the House as follows All in favor of the decision of the Chair standing as the sense of this House will say Aye Those opposed will say No and the decision of the House in sustaining or overruling the Speaker shall be final
When no debate on appeals Rule 9 On all appeals on questions of order of a personal character there shall be no debate
Appeals to be made at once Rule 10 All appeals from the decision of the Chair shall be made immediately and no appeal shall be in order after other business has intervened from the time of the alleged error of the Chair and before said appeal is sought to be made
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153
Rule 11 Where debate is permissible on appeals from the decision of the Chair any member after being recognized by the Speaker may address his remarks directly to the House
Rule 12 The Speaker shall have power to suspend the Messenger and Doorkeepers for misconduct or neglect of duty and when such suspension has been made he shall report the same to the House within twentyfour hours thereafter for such action as the House may see fit to take in the premises
Rule 13 The Speaker shall have power to cause the galleries and lobbies of the House cleared by the Messenger and Doorkeepers in case of disturbance or disorderly conduct therein and to cause any person or persons so offending to be arrested and brought before the bar of the House to be dealt with for contempt of the House
Rule 14 When less than a quorum vote on any subject under consideration by the House the Speaker may order the bar of the House to be closed and the roll of members called by the Clerk and if it is ascertained that a quorum is present either by answering to their names or by their presence in the House and if any member present then refuses to vote unless excused such refusal shall be deemed a contempt of the House
Rule 15 The Speaker may at any time order the roll called on any question and take the vote by yeas and nays where a division of the House discloses the fact that a quorum of the House has not voted
When members may address the House
Power of Speaker to suspend subordinate officers
When Speaker may order galleries and lobbies cleared
No quorum voting duty of Speaker
When Speaker may order vote taken by yeas and nays
154 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
Decisions on questions of priority Rule 16 All questions as to the priority of business to be acted on shall be decided by the Speaker without debate
Conduct of members in debate ON DECORUM AND DEBATE Rule 17 When any member is about to speak in debate or deliver any matter to the House he shall rise and respectfully address himself to Mr Speaker He shall be confined to matter in debate shall not speak more than twice on any subject or more than once until every member choosing to speak shall have spoken
Time extended how No member of the House shall occupy the floor longer than one 1 hour in debating any question unless otherwise ordered by the House and any motion to limit or extend the time of individual speeches shall be decided without debate No such motion shall prevail unless it shall receive the affirmative votes of twothirds of those voting Such motion may be made at any time that the movant thereof may legitimately obtain the floor
Expulsion If any member in speaking or otherwise transgress the rules of the House the Speaker shall call him to order in which case the member so called to order shall immediately sit down unless permitted to t explain The House shall if appealed to decide and if the decision of the House be not submitted to the delinquent for the first offense shall be reproved for the second fined in a sum not exceeding ten dollars and continuing refractory may be expelled from the House by a twothirds vote of the members which said vote shall be taken by yeas and nays and recorded on the Journal of the House
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Rule 18 If any member be called to order for words spoken the words excepted to shall be taken down in writing by the Clerk and read then admitted denied or explained by the member who spoke and thereupon the question of order shall be decided and such other proceedings had as the House may deem proper in regard thereto Provided that if at any time the House is acting under the previous question such question of order and other proceedings referred to shall not be taken up for decision until after the previous question and the main questions have been exhausted or until such further time as may then be ordered by the House But no member shall be held to answer or be subject to the censure of the House for words spoken in debate if any other member has spoken or other business has intervened after the words were spoken and before the exception to them was taken
Rule 19 The members of the House shall forbear from private conversation and preserve silence until a speaking member shall have taken his seat
Rule 20 The members shall avoid naming each other when they may have occasion to take notice of their observations but may designate them by the place in which they may be or the county they represent
Rule 21 No member shall address the House except as heretofore stated in case of appeals or interrogate a member who is speaking except through the Speaker and should the member speaking decline to be interrupted the Speaker shall cause the member desiring to interrogate to be silent
Exception to words spoken Proviso
Silence
Mode of
designating
members
House how addressed Questions and interruptions
156
Shall not vote when interested in result
Protests
Smoking and conversation prohibited
Duty while member is speaking and at adjournment
Matters transpiring in Senate Committees and private conversation not to be referred to
Laudatory and disparaging remarks when forbidden
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
Rule 22 No member shall vote upon any question in the result of which he is immediately and particularly interested In every case where the seat of a member is being contested the sitting member and the contestant shall both retire from the House before the vote is taken
Rule 23 Any member may enter a protest in writing against the action of the House said protest shall clearly and succinctly set forth the grounds of such protest and shall not be argumentative nor arraign nor impugn the motive of the House nor any member thereof and such protest shall be entered by the Clerk upon the Journal of the House
Rule 24 No member shall converse with any one over the bar of the House
Rule 25 No member shall be permitted to enter upon the floor of the House or remain thereon in an intoxicated condition and the Messenger and the Doorkeepers of the House are specially charged with the rigid enforcement of this rule
Rule 26 No member shall pass between the Chair and a member while he is speaking nor shall any member at the time of adjournment leave his seat until the Speaker retires
Rule 27 No member shall in debate refer to any private conversation had with another member or to any matters which have transpired in any committee or in the Senate
Rule 28 In nominating candidates for any office no laudatory remarks shall be allowed nor shall any other candidate be disparaged
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Rule 29 Applause or hisses in the Representative chamber or in the galleries or lobby during any speech or legislative proceedings shall be promptly suppressed
Rule 30 During the calling or reading of yeas and nays on any question no debate shall be had
Rule 31 No member can make more than one motion at a time and while the motion is being put to the House he must resume his seat and he is not further entitled to the floor unless again recognized by the Speaker
Rule 32 On all questions except such as are not debatable any member on the call of the ayes and nays shall as a matter of right be allowed three minutes in which to explain his vote Where the vote on any question is not taken by ayes and nays no member shall be allowed to explain except by unanimous consent of the House No motion shall be entertained to vary this rule nor to extend a members time for explaining
Rule 33 When the reading of any paper is called for and the same is objected to by any member it shall be determined by a vote of the House and this motion shall be decided without debate
Rule 34 Every member within the hall when a question is put shall vote unless he is immediately and particularly interested therein or the House shall excuse him A motion to excuse a member from voting must be made before the House divides or before the call of the yeas and nays is commenced and it shall be decided with
Applause and hisses forbidden
No debate during yeas and nays
Only one motion can be made at a time
Explanation
Beading of papers
When members shall Vote
Motion to excuse when made Excuses from voting
158 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL out debate except that the member making the motion may briefly state the reason why in his opinion it ought to prevail Rule 35 No member shall be allowed to address himself to any question and then make any motion the effect of which is to cut off debate without relinquishing the floor
Call for a division DIVISION OF A QUESTION Rule 36 Any member may call for a division of the question on a subject in which the sense thereof will admit of it
Division bow made Rule 37 The member calling for a division must state into how many and definitely what parts he would have the question divided Each part of the divided proposition must be so distinct that if taken away the remainder can stand by itself and be consistent and entire
Qualifying paragraph exception and provision Rule 38 A qualifying paragraph an exception or a proviso if taken from that to which it belongs would not contain a distinct or entire proposition
Strike out and insert not divisible Rule 39 A motion to strike out and insert is an indivisible proposition
Bills and resolutions called in order Proviso Rule 40 All bills and resolutions shall be called in the numerical order in which they stand on the calendar and before reading any bill or resolution the second or third time the Clerk shall distinctly state its number and the name of the member by whom introduced provided that House and Senate bills and resolutions adversely reported shall not be taken up for a second read
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159
ing except by request of the authors of such bill or resolution or some member of the House provided that the General Tax Bill and the General Appropriation Bill shall take precedence on third reading over all other matters even Special Orders until the said Bills shall have been finally disposed of In order that the proper numerical order may be accurately and fairly determined as between bills and resolutions it shall be the duty of the Clerk to place on each bill and resolution as same is read the first time a number following the numercial order in which said bills and resolutions are read the first time adopting one series of numbers and the same series of numbers for both bills and resolutions and not a separate series of number as heretofore practiced
Rule 41 Every motion to suspend the rules for the purpose of taking up bills or resolutions out of their regular order and every motion to make special orders shall be submitted in writing and reported upon by the Committee on Rules before being submitted to the House
Rule 42 The Speaker shall not recognize any member at any time for the purpose of asking unanimous consent for the introduction of new matter nor to read any bill or resolution the second time or any local bill or resolution a third time or to put any local bill or resolution upon its passage or to recommit a bill or resolution or to withdraw from one committee and recommit to another a bill or resolution except during the first thirty minutes after the confirmation of the Journal or after the reading of the Journal has been dispensed with The Speaker shall not recognize any member at any time for the purpose of asking unanimous consent to put any general bill or resolution upon its passage or to
Effect of
unanimous
consent
160
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
Suspension of rules
read such bill or resolution second time and recommit The Speaker shall entertain but one unanimous consent at any time
The Speaker shall not recognize any member at any time for the purpose of asking unanimous consent to make a special order or to change the order of business except that by unanimous consent an order of business may be fixed for the period of Unanimous Consents
The Speaker shall not recognize any member at any time for the purpose of asking unanimous consent to cast his vote on any motion resolution amendment bill or other question nor shall any member be permitted to cast his vote on any motion resolution amendment bill or other question until the question is put to the House by the Speaker on viva voce vote or division of the House or until after the roll call has begun
The Speaker shall entertain but one unanimous consent at any one time
Rule 43 The Rules of this House known as Constitutional rules shall in no case be suspended all other rules shall in no case be suspended nor changed nor the order of business be changed except by a vote of twothirds of the members voting Provided however that in order to so change or suspend the rules or change the order of business said twothirds so voting in favor of said change or suspension shall constitute a majority of the members of the whole House
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Rule 44 No suspension or changes or addition to these rules shall be made unless such proposed change or addition or suspension of these rules be first referred to the Committee on Rules and reported back to the House Provided however that immediately after the confirmation of the Journal on the day following the introduction in the House of the proposed change or addition to these rules the Committee on Rules shall report the same back to the House A failure to so report such proposed change or addition to these rules for two days shall automatically bring said proposed change or addition before the House for consideration
Rule 45 Any motion to suspend rules or change the rules or change the order of business shall be decided without debate Provided however that whenever a report from the Committee on Rules is submitted to the House the questions arising on said report shall be debatable until the report of the Committee is agreed to or disagreed to or the main question is ordered There shall be no debate however on the report of the Committee on Rules during the last twentyone days of the session
Rule 46 No bill and no resolution requiring the concurring vote of the Senate for passage shall be introduced unless the same shall have been filed in the office of the Clerk before 1000 A M of the previous day except that a bill or such resolution may be introduced on the second day of any regular adjourned or special session if it shall have been filed in the office of the Clerk before 1200 noon of the first day of such session
No debate
Bills etc when introduced
162
No debate on first reading
Effect of favorable report of committee
Bills when withdrawn
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
Rule 47 No debate shall be admitted upon any Bill at the first reading Upon the introduction of any Bill or Resolution or other matter requiring reference to a Committee the Speaker shall as a matter of course and without debate commit the same to the proper committee unless otherwise ordered by the House
No bill or resolution shall be engrossed except upon the affirmative vote of twothirds of the members present No member shall be recognized at any time for the purpose of asking unanimous consent to engross a bill or resolution When a motion to engross is made which motion may be made upon reading the bill the first time and at no other time no debate shall be permitted except that the movant may speak to his motion not longer than five minutes and any one other member of the House may speak in opposition thereto for five minutes In case of engrossment of any bill or other matter the entry thereof shall be made by the Clerk and the Bill or other matter shall not be amendable thereafter unless subsequently committed In cases where the report of a committee is favorable to the passage of a bill the same shall be read a second time and passed to a third reading without question Where the report of a committee is adverse to the passage of a bill on the second reading thereof the question shall be on agreeing to the report of the committee If the report of the committee is agreed to the bill shall be lost If the report of the committee is disagreed to the bill shall be passed to a third reading unless recommitted Any bill may be withdrawn at any stage thereof by consent of the House
When motion is made to refer a bill or resolution to a committee other than the one to which it is referred by the Speaker even though instructions be added no debate shall be permit
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163
ted except that movant may speak to his motion not longer than five minutes and any one other member of the House may speak in opposition thereto for five minutes No debate shall be permitted unless instructions are added
All resolutions providing for appointment of committees of inquiry or investigation and any and all other resolutions not privileged except motions for information from the Executive Department and any other Department of the State Government shall be referred by the Speaker to the appropriate committee unless by order of the House referred to some other committee
Rule 48 No bill or resolution shall be transmitted to the Senate on the day of the passage thereof unless twothirds of the members present shall so order
Rule 49 The Clerk shall as soon as possible after any bill or resolution of General application is filed in his office cause the same to be printed and a copy thereof distributed to each member forthwith Whenever any such bill or resolution of general application shall be reported back by the committee to which it was referred with the recommendation that it do pass as amended the Clerk shall cause the amendments recommended to be printed and copies thereof to be distributed to each member The House may at any time by a vote of a majority of a quorum suspend action upon any pending bill or resolution of general application until the substitutes and amendments offered thereto have been printed
Rule 50 All proceedings touching the appropriating of money shall be considered in the Committee of the Whole House
Adverse
report of
committee
Transmission
to Senate
majority
vote
Bills when printed
Committee of the Whole House See Buie 106 et
164
Bills and Resolutions to be in writing How indorsed
Reports of committees order of action
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Rule 51 All bills and resolutions shall be in writing and shall have the name of the member introducing the same as well as the county he represents indorsed on the back of the same and in the case of bills the caption of the bill shall also be indorsed on the same
Rule 52 Where a bill or resolution has been referred and reported by more than one committee or has been reported on and recommitted to the same committee the last committee report shall be acted on by the House and in all cases the report of the Committee of he Whole House shall be first acted on by the House
Rule 53 The Committee on Rules during the last twentyone days of each session shall arrange a calendar for each days business and such calendar shall be a standing and continuing Special Order during said period and no matter shall be taken up or acted on otherwise than in the order fixed by such calendar except by a vote of a majority of all of the members elected to the House During the period of operation under this rule the calendar or order of business fixed by committee on rules shall be read by the clerk immediately after Confirmation of the Journal of each morning session and immediately after Call of the Roll of each afternoon session and any motion to amend such report either by striking inserting or changing the order shall be made within the first thirty minutes after the reading of such report After the reading of such report and announcement by the Speaker that it is in order for such motions to be made and no such motions being made the House shall proceed to business under the calendar so fixed after which no such motion shall be made during that session No such motion to amend the report of the Committee on Rules shall be debatable during the period of operation under this Rule
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 1 PRECEDENCE OF MOTIONS
Rule 54 When any subject is before the House for consideration or under debate ho motion shall be received except the following towit
1st Motion to adjourn
2nd A motion to lay on table
3rd A motion for the previous question
4th A motion to adj ourn to a time definite
5th A motion to postpone indefinitely
6th A motion to postpone to a day certain
7th A motion to commit IW
8th A motion to amend
9th A motion to print
Which said motions shall have precedence in the order in which they stand as above arranged
MOTION TO ADJOURN
Rule 55 A motion to adjourn is in no instance debatable nor shall said motion be made a second time until further progress has been made in the business before the House A motion to adjourn in its simple form shall not be amended
Rule 56 A motion to adjourn to a particular day or for a particular time if made when the House is not actually engaged in other business is debatable
Rule 57 The motion to adjourn can be made at any time when the member moving it can legitimately obtain the floor
165
Order of precedence
Not debatable when may be renewed When made
When made debatable
166
When not in order
Effect of adjournment
Hour of
adjournment
What
business
postponed
Amendment or substitute cannot be laid on table
How Matters may be taken from able
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Rule 58 A motion to adjourn may be made after the motion for the previous question has been sustained but when the House has voted that the main question shall be now put no motion to adjourn is in order nor shall any motion to adjourn be in order after the Clerk has called the first name of the yeas and nays and a vote of one member has been given or after a division of the House has been had on a vote arid the vote is in process of being counted and announced but in such cases the rollcall shall be completed the vote counted and the result finally announced before a motion to adjourn shall be in order
Rule 59 When a motion to adjourn in its simple form prevails it adjourns the House to the next sitting day or time in course
Rule 60 Whenever the hour of adjournment as fixed by a prior resolution shall arrive while the vote of the House is being taken by yeas and nays the session shall continue until the final vote is taken and announced and if said fixed hour of adjournment shall arrive while the House is acting on the main question after the main question has been ordered and before the vote on the main question is being taken either by a division or by the yeas and nays as aforesaid the House shall stand adjourned by virtue of said prior resolution
MOTIONS TO LAY ON TABLE
Rule 61 No motion to lay an amendment or substitute on the table shall be in order
Rule 62 A majority of a quorum voting may take from the table at any time when the House
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167
is not engaged on any other measure any bill resolution or other paper which has been ordered to lie on the table and when so taken up the same is thereby restored to its appropriate place on the calendar
Rule 63 If the motion to lay on the table prevails it removes from the consideration of the House the measure together with all the motions attached to it at the time it is so disposed of
Rule 64 When the proposition is again taken from the table it stands before the House in the exact form with all the motions pertaining to it just as it did at the time the motion to lay on the table prevailed
Rule 65 After a yea and nay vote is called on any bill or resolutionthe House not acting at the time under the previous questionand one vote has been recorded no motion to table shall be in order until the rollcall shall have been completed When any bill or resolution is tabled after the completion of the rollcall and then taken from the table nothing can be done except to announce the result of said vote as shown by said rollcall at the time said bill or resolution was tabled
Rule 66 A motion to lay on the table or to take from the table can be renewed from time to time when new business has intervened between the votes
Rule 67 Neither the motion to lay on the table nor the motion to take from the table is debatable or amendable
Effect of vote to table
Effect of vote to take from table
No motion to table in order until rollcall is completed
When
renewed
Not debatable or amendable
168
What can be tabled
When in order
Effect of
previous
question
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Rule 68 Nothing can be legitimately laid on the table excepting what can be taken up again
Rule 69 A motion to lay on the table may be made after the motion for th previous question has been sustained but when the House has voted on the main question shall be now put no motion to lay on the table is in order
THE MOTION FOR THE PREVIOUS QUESTION
Rule 70 The motion for the previous question shall be decided without debate and shall take precedence of all other motions except a motion to adjourn or to lay on the table but neither of said motions shall be made but once until after the previous question has been exhausted and when it is moved the question shall be Shall the motion for the previous question be sustained If this be decided by a majority of a quorum in the affirmative and the next question towit Shall the main question be now put is decided in the affirmative by a majority of a quorum all other motions except one to reconsider the action in ordering the main question will be out of order and the House cannot adjourn until the previous question is exhausted or the regular hour of adjournment arrives But no motion to reconsider the action of the House in ordering the main question shall be in order after the Clerk has called the first name on call of the ayes and nays and the vote of any member has been given or after a division of the House has been had on the vote and the vote is in process of being counted and announced in such cases the roll call shall be completed the vote counted and the result finally announced
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Rule 71 When the previous question has been Twenty ordered the House shall then proceed to act on bate the main question without debate except that allowed before the main question is put twenty minutes shall be allowed to the committee whose report of the bill or other measure is under consideration to close the debate Where the report of the committee is adverse to the passage of the bill or other1 measure the introducer of the bill shall be allowed twenty minutes before time allowed to the committee for closing the debate The Chairman of the committee or the introducer of the bill or other measure may yield the floor to sqch members as he may indicate for the time or any part of it allowed under this rule This rule shall not be construed to allow th twenty minutes above referred to to be used but once on any bill or measure and then on the final passage of the bill or measure
Rule 72 After the main question is ordered how
any member may call for a division of the House in taking the vote or may call for the yeas and nays if the call for the yeas and nays is sustained by onefifth of the members voting the vote shall be taken by the yeas and nays and so entered n the Journal
Rule 73 Theeffect of the order that the main question be how sputd is to bring the House to tion being a vote on pending questions in the order in which ordered they stood before it was moved
Rule 74 In all cases where a minority report ctteied has been submitted on any question if the previous question is ordered there shall be twenty minutes allowed to the member whose name is first signed to said minority report or to such member or members as he may indicate for the
169
170 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL time so allowed or any part of it before the twenty minutes allowed to the Chairman submitting the majority report
How Called and Ordered Rule 75 The previous question may be called and ordered upon a single motion or an amendment or it may be made to embrace all authorized motions or amendments and include the entire bill to its passage or rejection
Call of the House when in order Rule 76 A call of the House shall not be in order after the previous question is ordered unless it shall appear upon an actual count by the Speaker that a quorum is not present
Question of order Rule 77 All incidental questions of order arising after a motion is made for the previous question and pending such motion shall be decided whether on appeal or otherwise without debate
Effect MOTIONS TO INDEFINITELY POSTPONE Rule 78 When a bill resolution or other measure is under consideration on the final reading thereof motion to indefinitely postpone if decided in the affirmative by a majority of a quorum thereby disposes of said bill resolution or other measure for the session
Not amend able Rule 79 The motion to indefinitely postpone lays open the whole question for debate but it cannot be amended
When cannot be applied Rule 80 While the motion to indefinitely postpone takes precedence over a motion to postpone to a day certain or to commit or amend yet
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this motion cannot be applied to said motions nor can it be applied to incidental questions such as questions of order reading of papers withdrawal of a motion and suspension of a rule
Rule 81 No motion to indefinitely postpone shall be renewed on any bill resolution or other measure after the same has been voted down
MOTION TO POSTPONE TO A DAY CERTAIN
Rule 82 The motion to postpone a bill resolution or other measure to a day certain when decided in the affirmative by a majority of a quorum removes the subject from before the House until the time designated and makes it a privileged question for that day so selected
Rule 83 If the motion to postpone a bill a resolution or other measure is decided in the negative it leaves the question before the House as it was before the motion was made and it cannot be moved a second time on same day or at the same stage of the proceeding
Rule 84 This motion to postpone to a day certain may be amended by substituting one day for another In this case the time would be treated as a blank and the Speaker should treat these propositions as he would those to fill blanks
Rule 85 If a day designated is known to be beyond the session the Speaker shall treat the motion as though it had been a motion to indefinitely postpone the subject
Rule 86 On a motion to postpone to a day certain it is not in order to debate the merits of
171
Not renewed
Effect of
negative
vote
May be amended
To a day beyond the session
Debate when and how allowed
172 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL the question proposed to be postponed Debate may be allowed but it shall be confined strictly to the proposition to postpone and to show why one day is preferred to another It shall be the duty of the Speaker to hold members rigidly to these points
Motion how applied Rule 87 This motion cannot be applied to subordinate or incidental questions but must be applied fp th whole bill resolution or other measure bfor the House and Wheti it prevails it carries forward the whlfe proposition and its appendages to the day named
Motion to commit MOTIONS TO COMMIT Rule 88 Motions to commit may be made to refer a bill resolution or other mesure to a standing or special committee or committee of thewhole House
Precedence cf Rule 89 A motion to commit to a standing committee takes precedence over a motion to 5 commit to a spcial committee and shall be first voted oh but where a motion is made that a bill resolution or other mesure be committed to thecommittee of the whole House this motion shall be put before either of the above named motions j B0 j jrfjhn
When debatanlo Rule 90 On a motion simply to commit no debate shall be allowed but where instructions are added the merits of the question can be debated
How amended Rule 91 A motion to commit may be amended by adding instructions or by substituting another committee for the one named by the member making the motion
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Rule 92 Any proposition that has been referred to any committee either standing or special may on motion he recommitted to the same or any other committee by a majority of a quorum
MOTIONS TO AMEND
Rule 93 There are three ways in which a proposition may be amended towit
1st By inserting or adding words
2nd By striking out words
3rd By striking out and inserting words
An amendment is itself subject to be amended in all three of the ways above mentioned but it is not admissible to amend an amendment to an amendment
Rule 94 A substitute is simply an amendment it is in effect a motion to strike out all after the enacting clause of a bill or the word Resolved in a resolution and insert that offered as a substitute
Rule 95 When a bill or resolution is before the House for consideration and amendments are pending thereto and a substitute shall be offered for said bill or resolution and an amendment shall be offered to said substitute it shall be in order for the House to first perfect the original bill or resolution and then perfect the substitute The question shall then be on agreeing to the substitute as amended if it be amended and if decided in the affirmative the question shall be iShall this bill pass or resolution be adopted as the case may be by substitute
Rule 96 An amendment cannot be offered after the report of the committee to which was
Motion to recommit
Amendments how made
Substitute
Bill first perfected then the substitute
When too late to amend
If 4 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
Must be in writing referred the bill or resolution under consideration has been agreed to by the House unless said action of the House in so agreeing to said report of said committee shall first be reconsidered Rule 97 All motions to amend any matter before the House must be in writing and must plainly and distinctly set forth the amendment desired and the part of the bill or resolution where said amendment shall be inserted or added
Priority Rule 98 On all questions whether in committee or in the House the last amendment the most distant day and the largest sum shall be first put
Blanks Rule 99 Where blanks occur in any proposition they must be filled first before any motion is made to amend
Caption when amended Rule 100 The caption or preamble of a bill or resolution shall not be considered or amended until the measure has been perfected
Amending by sections Rule 101 When a proposition consisting of several sections or resolutions is on a final reading and the House shall agree to a motion to consider the same by sections or paragraphs the Clerk in reading the same shall pause at the end of each section or resolution and the amendments thereto shall be offered as the several sections or resolutions are read but the amendments offered by the committee to whom said bill or resolution was referred shall be read by the Clerk without any motion being made in the House and when a section or resolution shall have been considered it is not in order to recur and amend it
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175
Rule 102 No motion on a subject different from that under consideration shall be admitted under color of amendment
Rule 103 When a motion is made to amend by striking out and inserting the Clerk shall read the paragraph as it is then the words to be stricken out and finally the whole paragraph as it would be if amended
Rule 104 When a motion is made to amend by striking out a part of a bill or resolution any amendment offered to perfect the part proposed to be stricken shall be put first before the question is put for striking it out
Rule 105 When hny bill or resolution which originated in the House has been amended in the Senate and is before the House for action on the Senate amendment an amendment may be offered in the House to the Senate amendment but the House amendment to the Senate amendment cannot be further amended it must be agreed to or voted down
Rule 106 A motion to amend an amendment made by the Senate to the House bill or resolution takes precedence over a motion to agree to disagree to said amendment
Rule 107 The questions which arise before the House respecting amendments by the Senate to a House bill or resolution are
1st A motion to agree to the Senate amendment
2nd A motion to disagree to the Senate amendment
Amendments by striking out and inserting
Priority of amendment to perfect
Amending
Senate
Amendments
See Rule 125
Priority
Priority of questions on Senate amendments
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176
3rd A motion to recede from its disagreement or amendment
4th A motion to insist on its disagreement or amendment
5th A motion to adhere to its disagreement or amendment
They take precedence in the above order
The Speaker is authorized on his own motion or upon point or order being made when in his opinion a Senate Amendment to a House Bill is not germane or if adopted would render the bill unconstitutional to rule out such amendment the effect of which ruling of the Speaker if not appealed from or if appealed from and the appeal not sustained shall be the same as a vote of the House to disagree and as such the Clerk shall report it to the Senate Such point of order shall take precedence over a motion to agree
Provided that when any question of disagreement with the Senate arises the following motions shall be in order at any time the movant can legally obtain the floor and debate thereon limited as in the case of reconsideration 1st a motion to insist upon the House position 2nd a motion to recede from the House position which motions shall be put in order listed subject to disposition by the House of any amendments or substitutes affecting the matter in disagreement
Majority necessary to adopt Senate Amendment or Conference Committee Report
Rule 107A In order to adopt a Senate Amendment to a House bill or resolution and in order to adopt a report of a conference committee the said amendment or conference committee report must receive a majority vote of the
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177
entire membership elected to the House of Representatives Any rule contravening the letter or spirit of this Rule is hereby repealed
RECONSIDERATION
Rule 108 When the Journal of the preceding day shall be read it shall be in the power of any member whether said member previously voted in the affirmative or negative on the matter sought to be reconsidered to move for a reconsideration of any matter therein contained except such matter as has been previously reconsidered provided such member shall notify the House of his intention to move such reconsideration at any time before the Journal is confirmed Provided further that the action of the House on Senate amendments shall be in order for reconsideration immediately and not otherwise
Rule 109 The notice of a motion to reconsider shall not be withdrawn after the time has elapsed within which it might originally have been made
Rule 110 No matter shall be reconsidered more than once
Rule 111 Motions for reconsideration shall be in order immediately after the order of unanimous consent on the day succeeding the action sought to be reconsidered except that any matter which could not be reconsidered on the succeeding day shall be in order for reconsideration on the day of said action
Rule 112 The action of the House upon an amendment may be reconsidered at any time be
Motion to reconsider
Shall not be withdrawn when
When there may be one reconsideration
When In order
Amendments
when
reconsidered
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178
fore final action upon the section bill or resolution to which it relates
Rule 113 All bills reconsidered shall take fiwinr their place at the foot of the calendar of bills
then in order for a third reading
COMMITTEE ON THE WHOLE HOUSE
When ordered by Speaker
See Rule 43
Rule 114 The Speaker may resolve the House into a Committee of the Whole without a motion being made therefor whenever a bill or resolution shall be in order for consideration on its third reading before the House which is required by the rules of this House to be considered in the Committee of the Whole
Rule 115 The House may resolve itself into wjen a Committee of the Whole House by a majority
the6 House of a quorum voting on motion of a member made
for that purpose provided however that notice of intention to make such motion shall be given during the session of the preceding day individual speeches on such motion being limited to three minutes If such notice shall not have been given the motion shall prevail if it shall receive the affirmative votes of twothirds of those voting and which twothird shall also constitute a majority of all of the members elected to the House and provided further whenever the House either by its own vote or by unanimous consent shall commit any bill or resolution to Committee of the Whole House and subsequently a motion shall be made to resolve the House into Committee of the Whole to consider such bill or resolution and such motion shall be lost the said motion shall not be again renewed but it shall be the duty of the Speaker to require the
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179
Clerk to read the bill or resolution again on the following days session under the order of Introduction of New Matter or Reading of Bills the First Time and to refer such bill or resolution to the appropriate committee unless otherwise ordered by the House provided however that for the consideration of the General Tax Bill and General Appropriation Bill the House may resolve itself into a Committee of the Whole House by a majority of a quorum voting on motion of a member made for that purpose and no previous notice shall be necessary
Rule 116 In forming a Committee of the Whole House the Speaker shall leave the chair and a Chairman to preside in committee shall be appointed by the Speaker
Rule 117 In the Committee of the Whole bills shall be first read throughout by the Clerk and then again be read or debated by clauses or sections leaving the preamble to be last considered unless otherwise ordered
Rule 118 The Rules of the House shall be observed by the Committee of the Whole so far as they may be applicable except that it can not refer a matter to any other committee it can not adjourn the previous question can not be enforced a motion to lay on the table or indefinitely postpone shall not be in order a member may speak as often as he majr obtain the floor no call of the House shall be in order nor shall any vote be taken by yeas and nays
Rule 119 If at any time in the Committee of the Whole it shall be desired to close the debate or to limit the time to be allowed members for speaking the committee may rise and report its
How formed
Proceedings
Rule in committee
Debate how closed
180 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL desire to the House and the House shall take such action thereon as it may see fit by a resolution agreed for that purpose said resolution shall apply only to the subjectmatter before said committee and when said resolution has been agreed to or refused by the House the action of the House shall be deemed the sense of the committee and the House may then on motion again resolve itself into Committee of the Whole and continue the consideration of the subject
Time of how extended Rule 120 In the event that a Committee of the Whole House at any sitting shall for want of time fail to complete any matter under consideration it may on motion at any time in the committee made rise report progress and have leave to sit again generally or at a day certain
Motion to rise etc Rule 121 A motion that the committee rise and report progress and ask leave to sit again can be made at any time when the mover thereof can legitimately obtain the floor and shall take precedence over all other motions and shall be decided without debate and when it prevails the committee shall immediately rise and when the regular hour for adjournment of the House arrives the committee shall automatically rise and the Speaker shall assume the Chair
Reconsid eration Rule 122 A motion to reconsider shall be in order in Committee of the Whole
Duty of Chairman when no quorum is present Rule 123 The Committee of the Whole shall not proceed with the business before it whenever a vote on any question shall disclose the fact that no quorum of the House is present Whenever it is suggested that a quorum is not present the Chairman of the committee shall satisfy himself of the fact by actual count of the com
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mittee and report the same to the committee and the Chairman shall on his own motion order that the committee immediately rise and he shall report the fact of the absence of a quorum to the House
Rule 124 The Speaker may in Committee of the Whole take part in the proceedings and he as well as all other members shall vote on all questions before the committee unless excused therefrom and no pairing of members shall be recognized or allowed in the Committee of the Whole
Rule 125 Amendments proposed by the Committee of the Whole may be amended or rejected by the House and matters stricken out by the committee may be restored by the House
Rule 126 A Committee of the Whole House can not punish disorderly conduct of its members but must report the same to the House for action thereon
Rule 127 The Chairman of the Committee of the Whole shall have power to have the galleries or lobbies cleared in case of any disorderly conduct therein
Rule 128 When the Committee of the Whole has disposed of the bill resolutions or other measures before it by motion and question it shall rise and the Chairman will be instructed to report the action of the Committee to the House At this point the Speaker will resume his seat and the Chairman will return to the floor and will state in substance as follows Mr Speaker the Committee of the Whole House
All members shall vote unless excused
Amendments
Disorderly
conduct
reported
Chairman may order galleries cleared
Proceedings of when business before it is finished
182 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL have had under consideration naming what and have instructed me as their Chairman to report the same back to the House with the recommendation that the same do pass or do pass as amended or do not pass as the case may be The Speaker will receive this report and repeat the same and the matter will then be before the House for action just as though reported by any other Committee
Kecord Rule 129 The proceedings of the Committee of the Whole shall not be recorded in the Journal of the House except so far as reported to the House by the Chairman of said committee
Papers may be called for Rule 130 When in the Committee of the Whole any papers in the possession of the House may be called for by any member and read by the Clerk for the information of the committee unless the committee shall otherwise order
Reports shall contain result of committees action Rule 131 Amendments offered to an amendment in the Committee of the Whole shall not be reported to the House but the report shall contain only the result of the committees action on the bill resolution or measure under consideration before it
Mominjr rollcall dispensed with by twothirds vote ABSENTEES Rule 132 The rollcall at the opening of each session of the House and also the reading of the Journal shall not be dispensed with except by a vote of twothirds of the members present The motion to dispense with the roll call and to dispense with the reading of the Journal shall be decided without debate
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Rule 133 Upon the call of all the members ordinary and extraordinary the names of the absentees shall be noted by the Clerk and shall appear upon the Journal And it shall be the duty of the Clerk to keep a separate list of the absentees from each days proceedings which list shall be entered upon the Journal and shall show which of said absentees are absent without leave and of those absent with leave which are absent for providential causes and which for business reasons which said separate list shall be read in the House with the Journal upon which the same is entered
COMPELLING ATTENDANCE
Rule 134 The power to compel the attendance of members in order to keep or secure a quorum shall be vested in the Speaker and to this end he may have the doors of the House closed When the doors are so closed no member shall be allowed to retire from the House without first obtaining leave from the House
The Messenger of the House shall be exofficio SergeantatArms of the House and on order of the Speaker may arrest any absentees and bring them before the House when necessary to secure a quorum as aforesaid
CALL OF THE HOUSE
Rule 135 Whenever the result of a vote taken shall disclose the fact that no quorum of the House is present or when the Speaker shall officially state the fact to the House it shall be in order for any member to make a motion for a
Names of absentees noted
Power to
compel
attendance
Sergeant
atarms
184 s
What is a quorum Compelling attendance
Oath of members
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call of the House and when this motion is made the Speaker shall state the question as follows Shall the motion for the call of the House prevail and if fifteen of the members present shall vote in the affirmative the Speaker shall order the Clerk to call the roll of members and the absentees shall be noted the doors shall then be closed after which the names of the absentees shall again be called over and those who do not appear and who are absent without leave may by order of the majority of the members present be sent for and arrested wherever they may be found by the officers to be appointed by the Messenger for that purpose and their attendance secured and the House shall determine upon what conditions they shall be discharged
QUORUM
Rule 136 A majority of each House shall constitute a quorum to transact business but a smaller number may adjourn from day to day and compel the presence of its absent members as each House may provide
Art 3 Sec 4 Par 4
Rule 137 Each Senator and Representative before taking his seat shall take the following oath or affirmation towitI will support the Constitution of this State and of the United States and on all questions and measures which may come before me I will so conduct myself as will in my judgment be most conducive to the interest and prosperity of this State
Art 3 Sec 4 Par 5
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Rule 138 No bill shall become a law unless it shall receive a majority of the votes of all the members elected to each House of the General Assembly and it shall in every instance appear on the Journal
Art 3 Sec 7 Par 14
Rule 139 The yeas and nays on any question shall at the desire of onefifth of the members present be entered on the Journal
Art 3 Sec 7 Par 6
Rule 140 No bill or resolution appropriating money shall become a law unless upon its passage the yeas and nays in each House are recorded sbm ad oj noiictyHa oi
Art 3 Sec 7 Par 12
Rule 141 Whenever the Constitution requires a vote of twothirds of either or both Houses for the passage of an Act or resolution the yeas and nays on the passage thereof shall be entered on the Journal
Art 3 Sec 7 Par 19
Rule 142 Every bill before it shall pass shall be read three times and on three separate days in each House unless in cases of actual invasion or insurrection The first and second reading of local bills shall be by titles only The third reading of local bills must be full and complete
Art 3 Sec 7 Par 7
Rule 143 All bills for raising revenue or appropriating money shall originate in the House
Majority required to pass bill
Yeas and nays order by onefifth of members
Billor resolutions appropriating money must pass by yeas and nays
Constitutional twothirds vote taken by yeas and nays
Revenue
bills
Reading of bills
186
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
One subject matter etc
An amendment to laws and sections of Code
General laws how varied
Consent and
when
required
Corpora
tions
of Representatives but the Senate may propose or concur in amendments as in other bills
Art 3 Sec 7 Par 10
Rule 144 No law or ordinance shall pass which refers to more than one subject matter or contains matter different from what is expressed in the title thereof
Art 3 Sec 7 Par 8
Rule 145 No law or section of the Code shall be amended or repealed by mere reference to its title or to the number of the section of the Code but the amending or repealing Act shall distinctly describe the law to be amended or repealed as well as the alteration to be made
Art 3 Sec 7 Par 16
Rule 146 Laws of a general nature shall have uniform operation throughout the State and no special law shall be enacted in any case for which provisons have been made by an existing general law No general law affecting private rights shall be varied in any particular case by special legislation except with the consent in writing of all persons to be affected thereby and no person under legal disability to contract is capable of such consent
Art 1 Sec 4 Par 1
Rule 147 The General Assembly shall have no power to grant corporate powers and privileges to private companies except banking insurance railroad canal navigation express and telegraph companies nor to make or change election precincts nor establish bridges or ferries
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nor to change names of legitimate children but it shall prescribe by law Lhe manner in which such power shall be exercised by the courts
Art 3 Sec 7 Par 17
Rule 148 The General Assembly shall have no power to relieve principals or securities upon forfeited recognizances from the payment thereof either before or after judgment thereon unless the principal in the recognizance shall have been apprehended and placed in the custody of the proper officer
Art 3 Sec 7 Par 18
Rule 149 The General Appropriation bill shall embrace nothing except appropriation fixed by previous laws the ordinary expenses of the Executive Legislative and Judicial Departments of the Government paying of the public debt and interest thereon and for the support of the public institutions and educational interests of the State All other appropriations shall be made by separate bills each embracing but one subject
Art 3 Sec 7 Par 9
Rule 150 Neither House shall adjourn for more than three days or to any other place without the consent of the other and in case of disagreement between the two Houses on a question of adjournment the Governor may adjourn either or both of them
Art 3 Sec 7 Par 22
Rule 151 All elections by the General Assembly shall be viva voce and the vote shall appear
Powerdelegated to courts
Relief of recognizance
What the general appropriation bill shall contain Other appropriations by separate bills
Adjourn
ments
188 t
Elections
Rejected bills again considered by a twothirds vote
Regular session limited to 7 0 days
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
on the Journal of the House of Representatives When the Senate and House of Representatives unite for the purpose of elections they shall meet in the Representative Hall and the President of the Senate shall in such cases preside and declare result
t Art 3 Sec 10 Par 1
Rule 152 No bill or ordinance or resolution intended to have the effect of a law which shall have been rejected by either House shall be again proposed during the same session under the same or any other title without the consent of twothirds of the House by Which the same was rejected
Art 3 Sec 7 Par 13
Rule 153 The General Assembly shall meet in regular session on the second Monday in January 1947 and biennially thereafter on the same day until the date shall be changed by law By concurrent resolution adopted by a majority of members elected to both Houses the General Assembly may adjourn any regular session to such later date as it may fix for reconvening in regular session but shall remain in regular session no longer than seventy 70 days in the aggregate during the term for which the members Were elected If it shall adjourn the first regular session before the expiration of seventy 70 days without fixing a date for reconvening the General Assembly shall reconvene in regular session on the second Monday in January of the next year unless it shall have adjourned sine die All business pending in the Senate or House at the adjournment of any regular session may be considered at any later regular session ofthe same General Assembly as
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
189
if there had been no adjournment Nothing herein shall be construed to affect the power of the Governor to convoke the General Assembly in extraordinary session or the duty of the Governor to convene the General Assembly in extraordinary session upon the certificate of threefifths of the members elected to the Senate and the House of Representatives as provided in Article V Section I Paragraph XIII of the Constitution of this State If an impeachment trial is pending at the end of any regular or extraordinary session the Senate may continue in session until such trial is completed The provisions of Paragraph III Section IV of Article III of the Constitution which the present Constitution supersedes which apply to the meetings of the Gnral Assembly shall continue in force until the second Monday in January 1947
Art 3 Sec 4 Par 3
Rule 154 Each House shall be the judge of the election returns and qualifications of its members and shall have the power to punish them for disorderly behavior or misconduct by censure fine or imprisonment or expulsion but no member shall be expelled except by a vote of twothirds of the House to which he belongs
Art 3 Sec 7 Par 1
Rule 155 No provision in the Constitution of this State for a twothirds vote of both houses of the General Assembly shall be construed to waive the necessity for the signature of the Governor as in any other case except in the case of the twothirds vote required to override the veto to submit constitutional amendments and in case of prolongation of a session of the General Assembly
Art 3 Sec 7 Par 21
Elections
Disorderly
conduct
Expulsion by twothirds vote
Signature of Governor when required
190
Governors
veto
Effect of twothirds vote thereon
When
Governor
must
approve
Twothirds vote
required
Twothirds vote required on amendments to Constitution
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
Rule 156 The Governor shall have the revision of all bills passed by the General Assembly before the same shall become laws but two thirds of each House may pass a bill notwithstanding his dissent and if any bill should not be returned by the Governor within five days Sunday excepted after it has been presented to him the same shall be a law unless the General Assembly by their adjournment shall prevent its return He may approve any appropriation and disapprove any other appropriation in the same bill and the latter shall not be effectual unless passed by twothirds of each House
Art 5 Sec 1 Par 15
Rule 157 Every note resolution or order to which the concurrence of both Houses may be necessary except on a question of election or adjournment shall be presented to the Governor and before it shall take effect be approved by him or being disapproved shall be passed by twothirds of each House
Art 5 Sec 1 Par 16
Rule 158 No county site shall be changed or removed except by a twothirds vote of the qualified voters of the county voting at an election held for that purpose and a twothirds vote of the General Assembly
Art 11 Sec 1 Par 9
Rule 159 Any amendment or amendments to this Constitution may be proposed in the Senate or House of Representatives and if the same shall be agreed to by twothirds of the members elected to each of the two Houses such proposed amendment or amendments shall be entered on
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
191
their Journals with the yeas and nays taken thereon and the General Assembly shall cause such amendment or amendments to be published in one or more newspapers in each Congressional District for two months previous to the time of holding the next general election and shall provide for submission of such proposed amendment or amendments to the people at the said next general election and if the people shall ratify such amendment or amendments by a majority of the electors qualified to vote for members of the General Assembly voting thereon such amendment or amendments shall become a part of this Constitution When more than one amendment is submitted at the same time they shall be so submitted as to enable the electors to vote on each amendment separately
Art 13 Sec 1 Par 1
Rule 160 No convention of the people shall be called by the General Assembly to revise amend or change the Constitution unless by the concurrence of twothirds of all the members of each House of the General Assembly The representation in said convention shall be based on the population as near as practicable
Art 13 Sec 1 Par 2
Rule 161 The Justices of the Supreme Court each shall have out of the treasury of the State salaries of 8000 per annum the Judges of the Court of Appeals each shall have out of the treasury of the State salaries of 8000 per annum the Judges of the Superior Courts each shall have out of the treasury of the State salaries of 6000 per annum and the Solicitors General shall each have out of the treasury of the State a salary of 250 per annum with the right
Twothirds vote required to call a convention How called
Salaries of judges
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
192
Evidence of rotice of local and special bills must be submitted before passage of same
of the General Assembly to authorize any county to supplement the salary of a judge of the Superior Court and Solicitor General of the Judicial Circuit in which such county lies out of county funds provided however where such salary was at the time of the adoption of the Constitution of this State being supplemented out of county funds under existing laws such laws shall remain in force until altered by the General Assembly Provided further that the Board of County Commissioners of Richmond County or the Ordinary or such other board or persons as may from time to time have charge of the fiscal affairs of said county shall without further legislative action continue to supplement from said Countys treasury the salary of the Judge of Superior Court of the circuit of which the said County of Richmond is a part by the sum of Two Thousand Dollars 2000 per annum which shall be in addition to the amount received by said judge out of the State treasury and shch payments are declared to be a part of the court expenses of said County and such payment shall be made to the judge in office at the time of the adoption of the Constitution of this State during his term or subsequent terms as well as to his successors with the authority in the General Assembly to increase such salary from the County treasury as above provided
Art 6 Sec 12 Par 1 and Art 3 Sec 7 Par 1
Rule 162 No local or special bill shall be passed unless notice of the intention to apply therefor shall have been published in the newspaper in which the Sheriffs advertisements for the locality affected are published once a week for three weeks during a period of sixty days immediately preceding its introduction into the General Assembly No local or special bill shall
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
193
become law unless there is attached to and made a part of said bill a copy of said notice certified by the publisher or accompanied by an affidavit of the author to the effect that said notice has been published as provided by law No office to which a person has been elected shall be abolished nor the term of the office shortened or lengthened by local or special bill during the term for which such person of the jurisdiction affected in a referendum on the question Where any local law shall add any member or members to any municipal or county governing authority the members of which are elected by the people such local law must provide that the member or members so added must be elected by a majority vote of the qualified voters of the political subdivision affected
Art 3 Sec 7 Par 15
MISCELLANEOUS RULES
Rule 163 When a message shall be sent to the House of Representatives it shall be announced at the door of the House by the Doorkeeper and be respectfully communicated to the chair by the person through whom it may be sent
Rule 164 Messages may be received at any time while the door is open except While a question is being put or a ballot or a viva voce is being taken A message shall be presented to the House by the Speaker when received or afterwards according to its nature and the business in which the House is engaged or its consideration may on motion be ordered by the House
Messages
Messages when i eceived and considered
194
Motions
Petitions
memorials
etc
Committees
Clerk
Clerk
Duties of Committee on Enrollment
Motions not privileged
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
Rule 165 After a motion is stated by the Speaker or read by the Clerk it shall be deemed to be in the possession of the House but may be withdrawn at any time before the decision by the unanimous consent of the House
Rule 166 Any member presenting a petition memorial or remonstrance shall as concisely as practicable intimate the name and object of the petitioner memorialist or remonstrant which shall be noted on the Journal and the paper may then be referred without reading
Rule 167 The several standing committees of the House shall have leave to report by bill or otherwise The report of the Committee on Rules is in order at any time when the House is not actually engaged in other business
Rule 168 The Clerk of the House shall take an oath for the true and faithful discharge of the duties of his office to the best of his knowledge and abilities and shall be deemed to continue m office until another be elected
Rule 169 The Clerk shall take special care of the books provided for the use of the House
Rule 170 The Committee on Enrollment shall carefully compare enrolled bills and resolutions and correcting any errors that may be discovered m the enrolled bills or other papers make their report forthwith to their respective Houses
Rule 171 Verification of a roll call vote can be dispensed with only by unanimous consent the Speaker shall not entertain a motion to that effect
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
195
Rule 172 Whenever on any question the yeas and nays shall have been ordered the Clerk shall also enter on the Journal the names of those members not voting
Rule 173 When a motion is made by any member it shall not be necessary that the same shall be seconded before being put to the House
Rule 174 After the announcement of the standing committee no other members shall be placed thereon except when members have been elected to fill vacancies caused by death or otherwise the Speaker may assign said members to such committees as he may see fit and he may fill any vacancy in chairmanships
Rule 175 No person shall be allowed to enter upon the floor of the House except the members and officers thereof their wives and children the members and officers of the Senate and such others as may be granted permission as hereinafter stated
a The House may upon the recommendation of the Committee on Privileges of the Floor grant permission for a specific individual or individuals to enter upon the Floor on a single named day The recommendation of such Committee shall specify the exact purpose for which such individual or individuals are to be admitted and the expected benefit to be derived thereby
b On the first two days of any regular special or adjourned session the Speaker may extend the privileges of the floor and use of the press table to representatives of the press radio and other newsgathering andor disseminating agencies Thereafter he shall refer all applica
Not necesjary to second motion
Committees how and when
engaged
Privileges on the floor
196 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
Privileges of the floor tions for admission of such persons to the Committee on Privileges of the Floor which Committee shall as promptly as possible investigate the credentials of such persons and recommend to the House for admission to the floor only such persons as it finds to be representatives of recognized newspapers and periodicals of general circulation radio and television stations newsreel photography companies or telegraphic press associations assigned to the duty of actually reporting Legislative proceedings The House may grant the privileges of the floor to such press representatives for the whole session or for a lesser time and automatically reserves the right to revoke such permission at any time c The Committee on Privileges of the Floor may submit its recommendations at any time when a question of privilege would be in order
Duty of Committee on Journals Rule 176 It shall be the duty of the Committee on Journals to read the Journal of each days proceedings and report to the House that the same is correct before the Journal is read by the Clerk
Members to receipt Clerk for books and papers Rule 177 No member shall take any books or papers from the possession of the House or Clerk without first acquainting the Clerk and giving him a receipt to return the same in a reasonable time or on his demand
Adjournment and meeting Rule 178 The House shall convene at 10 a m Sundays excepted unless otherwise ordered by the House The hour of adjournment to be fixed by a majority of said House on motion without debate
Motion for yeas and nays not debatable Rule 179 A motion for the call of the yeas and nays shall be decided without debate
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
197
Rule 180 All Acts and joint resolutions shall be signed by the Speaker and Clerk and all writs warrants and subpoenas issued by order of the House shall be signed by the Speaker and attested by the Clerk
Rule 181 It shall be the duty of the Messenger to attend to the wants of the House while in session to aid in the enforcement of order under the direction of the Speaker to execute the demands of the House from time to time together with all such processes issued under its authority as may be directed to him by the Speaker
Rule 182 The Messenger under the direction of the Clerk shall superintend the distribution by the Pages of all documents and papers to be distributed to the members he shall distribute to the members the usual and necessary stationery required by them
Rule 183 No Committee of the Whole or other committee shall deface or interline a bill resolution or other paper referred to said committee but shall report any amendment recommended on a separate paper noting the section page or line to which said amendment relates
Rule 184 No pairing of members shall be recognized or allowed as an excuse for not voting
Rule 185 Whenever any member moves that a Committee of Conference on disagreeing votes of the two Houses naming the number of members be appointed if said motion prevails the Speaker shall appoint a committee on the part of the House and in such case the committee shall
Signature of Speaker and Clerk
Duty of Messenger
Messengers duty in distributing documents etc
Interlineation
forbidden
Pairing
Committee on conference
198 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL consist of only such members as voted in the majority on the position assumed by the House and if by inadvertence any member be nominated on said committee who was not in said majority vote he shall notify the House and be excused by the Speaker
Authority of Conference Committees Rule 185A All conference committee reports shall be printed and distributed to the members prior to consideration of the same unless the printing of the same be dispensed with by a majority vote of all members elected to the House
Amend ments Rule 186 After commitment of a bill and report thereof to the House it may be amended before the report of the committee is agreed to by the House but the amendments if any reported by the committee shall be disposed of before any other amendment be considered unless it be an amendment to a committee amendment
Majority and minority reports Rule 187 All reports of a committee shall be in writing and the minority of a committee may make a report in writing setting forth succinctly the reasons for their dissent Each committee shall wherever practical include with their report on each general bill or resolution a brief resume of the bill and the reasons for the action taken by the Committee If the Committee shall so order the Clerk shall have such report printed and distributed to the members of the House
What motions lie on table Rule 188 i Every motion for information from the Executive Department or any other Depart
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
199
ment of the State Government shall lie on the table one day and on the following day such motion shall be deemed privileged and shall he in order for immediate consideration at the request of the author or any other members of the House
Rule 189 On the call of the yeas and nays the Clerk shall read the names of the members changing after they have been called and no member shall votes be permitted to change his vote unless he at that time declares that he voted under a mistake of the question
Rule 190 Questions of privilege shall be privilege8 f first those affecting the rights of the House col Proviso lectively its safety dignity and the integrity of its proceedings second the rights reputation and conduct of members individually in their representative capacity only and shall have precedence over all other questions except a motion to adjourn Provided that when any matter is before the House no question of personal privilege shall be acted on until the pending question shall be disposed of
Rule 191 In all elections a majority of the members present shall be necessary to a choice
Rule 192 When any question arises which is not provided for in the foregoing Rules the same shall be controlled by the rules usually governing parliamentary bodies
Rule 193 The Auditing Committee shall before auditing the account of any member for expenses of a committeeman or any account prescribed by a member for any expense incurred
200 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
in discharge of any duty as a member of this House require of such an itemized statement of such account supported by proper vouchers for each item of said account
ORDER OF BUSINESS
Rule 194 The following shall be the order of business
1 lain Scripture Reading and Prayer by Chap
2 Call of the Roll
3 Report of the Committee on the Journal
4 Reading of the Journal
5 Confirmation of the Journal
6 Unanimous Consents
7 Motions to Reconsider
8 Introduction of Bills and Resolutions
Each member is requested to introduce two copies of each bill or resolution one to be filed in the office of the Speaker by the Clerk and the other to be given to the press
9 First Reading and Reference of House Bills and Resolutions
10 Report of Standing Committees
11 Second Reading of Bills and Resolutions Favorably Reported
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
201
12 Third Reading and Passage of Uncontested Local Bills and Resolutions
13 First Reading and Reference of Senate Bills and Resolutions
14 Unfinished Business of Previous Session
15 Orders of the Day
16 Senate Amendments to House Bills and Resolutions and Reports of Conference Committees
17 House Bills and Resolutions for Third Reading
18 Unless otherwise Ordered by the House Senate Bills and Resolutions for Third Reading or on the Calendar for the Purpose of Disagreeing to an Adverse Committee Report shall be Called on Thursdays
19 The Reports of the Committee on Engrossing and the Committee on Enrolling May be Made at Any Time
20 General Bills and Resolutions Otherwise in Order for Reconsideration on Friday or Saturday Shall Stand over Until the Following Monday
Rule 195 No committee of the House shall consist of more than twentyfive members This rule however shall not apply to the following committees Amendments to the Constitution No 1 Amendments to Constitution No 2 Appropriations Commerce Counties and County Matters Education No 1 Education No 2 Georgia State Sanitarium General Agriculture No 1 General Agriculture No 2 General Judiciary No 1 General Judiciary No 2 Historical Research Legislative and Congressional Re
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
apportionment Motor Vehicles Municipal Government Penitentiary Public Highways No 1 Public Highways No 2 Public Utilities State Prison Farm University System of Georgia Ways and Means Western and Atlantic Railroad
COMMITTEES
Rule 196 The Speaker shall appoint the following committees
Academy for the Blind
Amendments to the Constitution No One Amendments to the Constitution No Two Appropriations
Auditing
Aviation
Banks and Banking
Commerce
Conservation
Corporations
Counties and County Matters
Drainage
Education No One
Education No Two
Engrossing
Enrollment
Excuse of Members Absent Without Leave Game and Fish
General Agriculture No One
General Agriculture No Two
General Judiciary No One
General Judiciary No Two
Georgia School for the Deaf
Georgia State Sanitarium
Halls and Rooms
Historical Research
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
Hygiene and Sanitation
Industrial Relations
Insurance
Interstate Cooperation
Invalid Pensions and Soldiers Home
Journals
Legislative and Congressional Reapportionment
Manufacturers
Military Affairs
Mines and Mining
Motor Vehicles
Municipal Government
Penitentiary
Pensions
Privileges and Elections
Privileges of the Floor
Public Highways No One
Public Highways No Two
Public Library
Public Printing
Public Property
Public Utilities
Public Welfare
Railroads
Rules
Sanitarium at Alto
Special Appropriations
Special Judiciary
State of Republic
State Prison Farm
Temperance
Training Schools
Uniform State Laws
University System of Georgia
Veterans Affairs
Ways and Means
Western and Atlantic Railroad
The Chairman and Chairman pro tern of the Committee on Appropriations shall be exofficio
204
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
members of the Committee on Ways and Means and the Chairman and Chairman pro tern of the Committee on Ways and Means shall be exofficio members of the Committee on Appropriations
Rule 197 Whenever any bill or resolution has been referred to a committee and the same has been held in the custody or control of such committee for ten days without reporting on same the author of such bill or any member of the House shall have the right immediately after the confirmation of the Journal to give notice that on the next regular meeting of the House he will submit a motion instructing such committee to report such bill back to the House after which on the next regular meeting day of the House any member of the House immediately after the confirmation of the Journal may move to instruct such committee to report such bill or resolution back to the House and if the motion prevails it shall be the duty of such committee to report such bill or resolution accordingly with or without recommendation as the case may be at the next regular session and upon failure of said Committee to report such bill accordingly the same shall automatically be returned to the House for consideration Debate on said motion to instruct such committee to report such bill or resolution back to the House shall be limited to twenty minutes unless otherwise ordered by the House and when such bill or resolution is so reported or returned to the House it may be referred or committed as other bills or resolutions Provided that any motion or resolution to set a special order or to change the order of business for any particular day which has been referred to the Committee on Rules may be held in the custody and control of such committee only three days instead of ten days under
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
this rule It shall be the duty of the committee to which any measure providing for an appropriation is referred to report such bill or measure back to the House at least fifteen days prior to the last day of the session regardless of any such notice or motion by the author or any other member
Rule 198 In drawing for seats all members except those who have been permitted by the House to select seats without drawing shall retire to the rear of the Hall The names of all counties printed on separate slips of paper shall be deposited in a box and the box placed on the Clerks desk The names of the counties shall be drawn separately from the box and announced by the Clerk from his desk
When the name of a county is announced the member or members from that county shall come forward to the Clerks desk and secure a desk card with name and county printed thereon and then proceed to select his seat All desks shall be arranged in their proper position on the floor of the House and no desk shall be moved or changed
The Speaker shall have the right to reserve seats for the chairmen of the committees on Appropriations and Ways and Means and for the vicechairman of Committee on Rules before the drawing for seats
Rule 199 The Speaker is authorized to employ some person well skilled in legislative draughtsmanship as special clerk for the Commits tee on Engrossing and Enrolling It shall be the duty of such special clerk to examine every bill
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
or resolution that is ready for engrossing or enrollment and to suggest to the committee any corrections or additions to either the caption or the bill that are necessary to perfect the same The per diem of such special clerk shall be fixed by the Speaker
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
207
INDEX TO STANDING RULES OF Georgia House of Representatives
ABSENTEES Rule
Auditing Committee duty as to
Clerks duty as to
Roll Call dispensed with whenilii
ADJOURN MOTION TO
Committee of whole not in order in1
Definite time debatable when
Effect when motion prevails
Motion not debatable 55
Motion not amendable
Motion when in order1
Motion when not in order1
Precedence of motion
Shall not be made second time until when
ADJOURNMENT
Constitutional time limitf
Courtesy to speaker at time of
Effect of
Effect when hour of arrives when House acting under
previous question
Effect when hour of arrives during vote by yeas and
nays
Hour of fixed by House
ADVERSE REPORT
Bills and resolutions adversely reported taken up when
No
133
133
132
118
56
59
178
55
57
58
54
55
150
26
59
60
60
178
40
208
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
Rule No
Debate on final passage 71
Effect of on bills 47
AMENDMENTS
Applicable to an amendment 93
Bills or resolutions amended by sections 101
Bill perfected before caption or preamble 100
Bills perfected before substitute 95
Blanks must be filled 99
Clerks duty in amending by striking out and
inserting 103
Committee of whole action onIAvi 125
Committee of whole what reported to House 131
Germane must be 102
Motion to amend how made93
Motion to commit amendable 91
Motion to postpone indefinitely not amendable 79
Motion to postpone to time definite amendable1 84
Motion to table amendment not in order 61
Motion to table not amendable67
Must be in writing97
Precedence of motion to amend 54
Priority of amendments 98
Priority of amendments to perfect part proposed to
be stricken 104
Priority of over motion to agree or disagree 106
Priority of questions on Senate Amendments to H B 107
Priority of on passage of bill186
Senate amendments to H B House amendments in
order 105
Senate majority vote to adopt 107a
Reconsidered when 112
Substitute is an amendment 94
When in order 186
When too late 96186
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
209
AMENDMENTS TO CONSTITUTION Rule No
Submission to people
Convention called U0
APPEALS
From Speakers decision
Members may address House 11
No debate when of personal character 9
To be made at onceon 10
APPLAUSE
Speakers right to suppress 29
APPROPRIATIONS
General bill right of way 40
Governors power over lj6
Considered in committee of whole o0
House must originate 143
ATTENDANCE
Call of House 135
Messengers duty lo4
Power to compel134135
Speakers duty 134
AUDITING COMMITTEE
Absentees duty as to 133
Accounts of members duty as to 193
BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS
Amendments and substitutes bill first perfected 95
Amendments by sections 101
Amendments to Code sections 145
210
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
Rule No
Amendments to passed on before those to caption or
preamble iki 100
Appropriations House must originate 143
Clerk to state number and author when reading 40
Clerk to call in order on calendar 40
Committee of whole how read 117
Committee reports favorable effect ofaaadmol 47
Committee reports unfavorable effects of 47
Committee reports order of precedence 52
Corporations laws relating to 147
Engrossment effect of 47
General appropriations what to embrace149
General laws how changed 146
Governors approval necessary 157
Governors failure to return igg
Governors veto 156
Immediate transmission when j 48
Introduction when 1 46
Printed when 49
Reconsideration effect of 113
Rejected when again considered 152
Relief of principals and sureties 148
Requirements for iUiX51
Speakers duty to commit 47
Special laws prohibited when 146
Subjectmatter only one and expressed in title 144
Unanimous consent for reading 42
Withdrawal of wheni47
Majority necessary to pass 138
Debate none at first reading MMQHtDy rX 47
Constitutional requirements as to reading 142
Reading of unanimous consent 42
Reading first no debate47
Reading constitutional requirement 142
CALL OF HOUSE
Committee of whole not in order H8
Contempt refusal to vote on 14
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
211
Rule No
When in order 14135
When not in order76
CAPTION
Not considered until bill perfected 100
CHANGE OF VOTES
How done and when 189
CLERK
Absence of speaker and speaker pro tem duty of 7
Absentees duty of 133
Amendments striking out and inserting duty of 103
Bills and resolutions how read committee of whole 117
Bills and resolutions called in order from calendar 40
Bills and resolutions name and authors stated 40
Books duty to care for169177
Journal names not voting duty to enter 172
Oath of prescribed 168
CODE SECTIONS
Amendments to Constitutional requirements 145
COMMITTEES
Amendments by take precedence 186
Appointed by speaker 4196
Bills not to be interlined or defaced by 183
Chairmen Appropriations and Ways and Means Ex
Officio Members 196
Conference how constituted 185
Report of Conference majority vote 107a
Conference authority limited 185a
Defaulting committee provision as to 197
212
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
Rule No
Enlarged how 174
Failure of to report provision as to197
Membership limited 195
Reports of order of precedence 52
Reports of required 197
Reports must be in writing187
Speaker exofficio member of Rules 4
Speaker to appoint certain committees 4196
Rules committee how elected 4
COMMIT MOTION TO
Amended how 91
Applicable to whatfc 8892
Committee of whole not in order 118
Precedence of as among other motions 54
Precedence of as among motions to commit to different committees 89
COMMITTEE OF WHOLE HOUSE
Amendments by action by House 125
Amendments to amendments how reported to House 131
Appropriation bills considered in 50
Bills read and debated by sections 117
Call of House not in order 118
Chairman appointed by Speaker 116
Chairman power to clear galleries or lobby 127
Debate how limited and closed119
Disorderly conduct reported 126
Extension of time how secured120
Formation of 116
House may resolve itself into when 115
Interlineation of bills or resolutions prohibited 183 Journal not show proceedings 129
Members shall vote 124
Motion to commit to precedence 89
Motion to rise report progress and ask leave to sit again 121
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
213
Rule No
Papers called for130
Proceedings how closed121
Proceedings not reported in Journal 129
Procedure when business finished 128
Quorum not present procedure 123
Reconsideration in order 122
Reports of precedence 52
Rules applicable to and exceptions 118
Speaker may resolve House into when 114
Speaker may take part124
Speaker chairman appointed by 116
CONSTITUTIONAL RULES
Adjournments limited 150
Amendments to Code sections 145
Amendments to Constitution 159
Appropriation Bills House must originate 143
Appropriation Bill General what to embrace 149
Appropriations Journal to show yeas and nays 140
Bills majority necessary to pass 138
Bills reading of 142
Bills rejected when again considered 152
Bills subjectmatter expressed in title 144
Bills only one subjectmatter permitted 144
Constitutional convention how called160
Corporations power of General Assembly over 147
County sites how changed or removed 157
Date of meetings fixed 153
Elections by General Assembly1 151
Expulsion of members twothirds vote necessary 154
General laws how changed 146
General appropriation bill what to embrace 149
Governor failure to return bills 156
Governors signature when required155157
Governors veto J 156
House judges of election and qualification of members 154 Journal must show majority votevvv 138
214
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
Rule No
Journal must show yeas and nays when
required 139140141
Local and special bills notice required 162
Members power to punish misconduct of 154
Members oath of prescribed 137
Quorum defined 136
Relief of principals and sureties 148
Salaries of certain officials how changed 161
Special laws prohibited when 146
Subjectmatter bills to contain but one 144
Subjectmatter must be expressed in title 144
Veto of Governori 156
Yeas and nays required when139140141
Yeas and nays Journal to show on Apps 140
Yeas and nays Journal to show where twothirds vote required 141
CONTEMPT
Refusal to vote unless excused on call of House 14
CONTEST
Contestant and eontestee to retire when vote taken 22 CONVERSATION
Prohibited 1924
COUNTY SITE
How changed or removed 158
DEBATE
Adjournment decided without 178
Bills first reading no debate47
Committee of whole regulated118119
LGISLATIVE MANUAL 215
Rule No
Committee happenings reference to out of order 27
Conversations reference to out of orderi 27
Conduct of members in 17
Individual speeches limited 17
Motion to adjourn not debatable 55
Motion to change rules not debatable 45
Motion to commit when debatabler 90
Motion to change order of business not debatable 45
Motion to extend members time of speaking not
debatable 17
Motion to excuse member from voting not debatable 34
Motion to indefinitely postpone debatable 79
Motion to instruct committee debate limited 197
Motion for previous question not debatable 70
Motion to read papers not debatable 33
Motion to suspend rules not debatable 45
Motion to table not debatable 67
Motion to postpone to time definite what debatable 86 Previous question decided affirmatively debate
regulated 71
Priority of business not debatable 16
Roll Call no debate during 3
Senate happenings reference to out of order 27
Yeas and nays decided without debate 179
DISPARAGING REMARKS
Members prohibited from 28
DIVISION
Duty of member calling for 37
Motion to excuse from voting to be made before 34
Right to call for 36
What not divisible 3839
DRAWING FOR SEATS
Regulated
198
216
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
ELECTION Rule No
House Judge of of members 154
Majority vote necessary 191
ENROLLMENT COMMITTEE
Duties of d170199
EXCEPTION TO WORDS SPOKEN
Procedure 1 18
EXPLANATION OF VOTES
When allowed and time limited 32
EXPULSION OF MEMBERS
When 17154
DOORKEEPER
Duty as to enforcement of rule as to intoxication 25
Duty as to messages 163
Speaker may suspend wheni 12
GALLERIES
Applause to be suppressed 29
Committee of whole chairman may clear 127
Speaker may clear 13
GENERAL ASSEMBLY
Meets when Session limited
153
153
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
217
GENERAL APPROPRIATION BILL Rule No
Constitutional provision as to what it shall embrace 149 Right of way in order of business 40
GENERAL LAWS
How changed r 146
GENERAL TAX BILL
Right of way of 40
GOVERNOR
Failure to return bill effect 156
Signature when required 155157
Veto 156
HOUR OF ADJOURNMENT
Fixed by House 178
IMMEDIATE TRANSMISSION TO SENATE
Twothirds vote necessary 48
INTOXICATION
Member denied floor while in state of 25
JOURNAL
Absentees shown on 133
Amendments to Constitution yeas and nays must be
shown on 159
Appropriation of money yeas and nays shown 140
Committee duty to read 176
Committee of whole proceedings not shown 129
218 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
Rule No
Majority on passage of bills must be shown 188
Names those not voting shown on 172
Yeas and nays to be shown139140
LAUDATORY REMARKS
Prohibited in Nominations 28
LOCAL BILLS
Constitutional requirements as to reading 142
Constitutional requirements as to notice 162
Introduced when 46
Reading of third time and put on passage by unanimous consent 42
MAIN QUESTION
Effect as to when votes had on motion for previous
question 707173
Minority report time allowed for debate 74
Motion to table supersedes when 69
Reconsideration of J 3 70
When ordered call of House76
When ordered vote how taken 72
MAJORITY
Bill majority vote necessary to pass 138
Elections majority vote necessary 191
Quorum majority necessary136
MEMBERS
Adjournment duty of at 26
Arrest subject to when134135136
Attendance of compelled when 134135136
Books and papers duty as to 177
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
219
Rule No
Called to order for transgressing rules 17
Changing votes how and whenjj 189
Committee of whole right to speak 118
Committee of whole duty to vote 124
Conduct in debate 17
Conversation and smoking prohibited 1924
Debate how often to speak 17
Debate individual speeches limited 17
Debate reference to conversations happenings in committee and Senate prohibited 27
Decorum of 1719242627
Designation of members mode of 20
Exceptions to words of procedure18 Expulsion of when 17154
Interrogating mode of 21
Intoxication denied floor when in state ofI 25
Introduction of bills name and county to be endorsed 51
Laudatory remarks in nominations 28
Members speaking duty of while 26
Misconduct in house and committee of whole126154
Motion may make one at a time31
Motion must resume seat while being put 31
Motion prohibited from making nondebatable when 35
Oath of prescribedj137
Protests of proceedings 23
Retire when required to 22
Seats drawing for 198
Vote shall not when interested 22
Vote shall exception 34124
MEMORIALS
Manner of presentation 166
meeting of house
Adjournment fixed by House178
Time of meeting for daily sessions 178
Constitutional provisions I 153
220
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
MINORITY REPORTS Rule No
How made 187
Main question ordered privileged first signer 74
MESSAGES
How sent announced received and considered 164
MESSENGER
Arrest of members134135
Exofficio sergeantatarms 134
Intoxicated member enforcement of rule 25
General duties 181182
Speaker may suspend when 12
MOTIONS
Information from executive department lie on table 188
Nondebatable prohibited when 35
One at a time only 31
Order of priority 54
Order of business motion to change not debatable 45
Order of business motion to change vote necessary 53
Read papers motion to decide without debate 33
Rules motion to change or suspend vote necessary 43
Rules motion to change or suspend how submitted414448
Seconding of unnecessary 170
Special orders motion to make how substituted 44
Strike out and insert motion to not divisibleL 39
Withdrawn how i 165
NEW MATTERS
Information from executive department to lie on table 188 Unanimous consents for42
NOMINATIONS
Laudatory remarks prohibited 28
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
221
OATHS Rule No
Of Clerk prescribed 168
Of Members prescribed137
ORDER OF BUSINESS
Changed how 434553
Motion to change not debatable 45
Motion to change vote necessary 4353
Priority of established 194
Rules committee to fix during last twentyone days 53
PARLIAMENTARY LAW
Applicable when 192
PETITIONS
Manner of presentation 166
PREAMBLE
Not considered until resolution perfected 100
PREVIOUS QUESTION
Adjourn motion not in order after affirmative
votes on 70
Adjournment effect arrival hour of House acting
under i 60
Affirmative votes result70717374
Applicable to what 75
Call of House not in order after ordered except when 76
Call for sustained motion to table in order 69
Exhausted must be before matters of words excepted
to decided 18
Precedence of motion 54
222
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
POSTPONE Rule No
Applicable to what definite and indefinite 8087
Committee of whole motion to definitely postpone not
in order 118
Debate motion to indefinitely postpone debatable but
not amendable 79
Definitely postpone motion to amendable 84
Effect of affirmative action on motion to indefinitely
postpone 78
Effect of affirmative action on motion to postpone to
time definite 83
Effect of negative action 83
Indefinitely motion to when not applicable 80
Impossible day motion to postpone to treated how 85
Indefinitely motion to not renewableiivi 81
Precedence of motion 54
PRIVILEGE
Personal privilege 190
Questions of what constitutes 190
PRIVILEGES OF FLOOR
Who entitled to 175
PRINTING OF BILLS
When ordered 49
PROTESTS OF MEMBERS
Procedure 23
QUALIFYING PARAGRAPH Not a divisible question
38
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
223
QUORUM Rule No
Constitutional definition 136
READING OF PAPERS
House determines by vote 33
RECONSIDERATION
Amendments when reconsidered 112
Bills notice of motion when given 108
Bills notice not to be withdrawn when 109
Committee of whole motion in order 19S
Effect of on billsZIZZ 113
Main question ordered motion in order to reconsider 70 Motion in order but once on same subject matter 110
Motions when in order HI
REMONSTRANCES
Manner of presentation 166
REPORTS OF COMMITTEES
Committees may report by bill or otherwise 167
Order of precedence of52
ROLL CALL
Explanation of votes on 32
Debate none duringZI O 3o
How dispensed withZZZZZ 132
Speaker may order whenZZZZZ 15
RULES
Motion to suspend or change decided without debate 45 Suspended or changed how434445
224
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
RULES COMMITTEE
Rule No
Constituted and elected how 4
Effect of failure to report1 44
Order of business fixed by during last twentyone
days
Report of in order when 10
Special orders and motions to suspend rules duty to report on 4144
SALARIES
Constitutional provision as to changing 161
SEATS
Drawing for regulated 198
SERGEANTATARMS
Call of House duty of 135
Messenger is exofficio1
SIGNATURE OF SPEAKER AND CLERK
When required 186
SILENCE
Members to preserve when19
SMOKING
Prohibited jfjf
SPEAKER
Absence of Speaker pro tern to preside 1
Adjournment members to remain until Speaker retires
26
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
225
Rule No
Appeals from decision of891011
Appeals from decision of to be made at once 10
Appeals from decision of no debate when 9
Appointment of committees by 4196
Appointment of chairman of Committee of Whole 116
Appointment of Conference Committee 185
Attendance power to compel 134
Business priority of decided without debate 16
Chairman Committee of Whole appointed by 116
Committees appointed by 4196
Committee of Whole may resolve House into when 114
Committee of Whole assumes chair when 121
Committee of Whole receiving chairmans report 128
Committee of Whole right to take part in 124
Courtesy of members to at adjournment 26
Doorkeeper Speaker may suspend 12
Galleries may be cleared by 13
Interrogation of members conducted through 21
Irrelevant debate power to suspend 1
Members Speaker may name to preside 6
Members courtesy due by at adjournment 26
Method of stating question by 5
Quorum auty of when no quorum voting 1415
Recognition of members decided by 3
Recognition of members for unanimous consent 42
Rules Committee Speaker exofficio member 196
Silence commanded by when 1
Suspension of officers 12
Vote Speaker required to when 2
SPEAKER PRO TEM
Absence of Speaker duty to preside 7
Election 7
SPECIAL COMMITTEE
Priority of motion to commit in
89
226
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
SPECIAL LAWS Rule No
Notice required 162
Prohibited when 146
SUBJECTMATTER
Bills to contain but one and expressed in title 144
SUBSTITUTE
Amendment is i 94
Bill perfected before substitute 95
Motion to table not in order 61
SUSPENSION OF RULES
How accomplished 434445
TABLE MOTION TO
Amendment or substitute motion to table not in order 61
Amendment motion to table not subject to 67
Application of what can be laid on table 68
Committee of Whole motion not in order 118
Debate motion to table not debatable67
Effect when motion to table prevails 63
Effect when motion to take from table prevails 6264
Effect when motion to take from table prevails where
measure tabled after roll call 65
Executive department information called from tabid
one day 188
lYLaln question motion to tuble in order ufter motion
jj fr previous question sustained 69
Main question motion to table not in order after House has voted that main question shall be now
put 69
Motion to take from when in order62
Previous question motion to table in order after main question ordered 69
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
227
Rule No
Renewal of motions to table and take from when 66
Roll call motion not in order until completion 65
TWOTHIRDS VOTE NECESSARY WHEN
Amendments to Constitution 159
Constitution Convention 160
County Site changed or removed 158
Expulsion of members 154
Governors veto overridden155156157
Prolongation of session 155
UNANIMOUS CONSENTS
Limitation and regulation of 42
YEAS AND NAYS
Adjournment effect when hour of arrives during vote
by 60
Amendments to Constitution 159
Changing votes after call of 189
Committee of whole vote not taken by 118
Explanation of votes when vote taken by 32
Excuse from voting motion must be made before roll
call begins 34
Journals to show when139140141
Journal to show names not voting 172
Motion to table when in order when vote taken by 65
Required when 72 139 140141
Speaker may order when no quorum voting 15
CONSTITUTION OF THE
STATE OF GEORGIA
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
LIST OF STATE CONSTITUTIONS 230
ARTICLE TvBill of Rights 233239
ARTICLE IIElective Franchise 239242
ARTICLE IIILegislative Department 242252
ARTICLE IVPower of General Assembly over
Taxation 252256
ARTICLE VExecutive Department 256267
ARTICLE VIJudiciary 267284
ARTICLE VIIFinance Taxation and Public Debt285314
ARTICLE VIIIEducation 314319
ARTICLE IXHomestead and Exemption319320
ARTICLE XMilitia 320
ARTICLE XICounties and Municipal Corporations321323
ARTICLE XIIThe Laws of General Operation in
Force in this State 323324
ARTICLE XIIIAmendments to the Constitution324326
ARTICLE XIVMerit System 326327
ARTICLE XVHome Rule 327328
228
CHRONOLOGICAL LIST OF ORGANIC ACTS AND STATE CONSTITUTIONS OF GEORGIA
Charter of the Colony of Georgia 1732
Grant of George II King of Great Britain
Constitution of 1777
Constitutional Convention
Oct 1 1776Feb 5 1777
Constitution of 1789
Constitutional Convention Nov 424 1788 Jan 420 1789 May 46 1789 May 16 1795
Constitution of 1798
Constitutional Convention
May 830 1798
Constitution of 1861
Constitutional Convention Jan 16March 23 1861
V 2 1
Constitution of 1865
Constitutional Convention
Oct 25Nov 8 1865
Constitution of 1868
Constitutional Convention Dec 9 1867March 11 1868
Constitution of 1877
Constitutional Convention July 11 1877August 25 1877
Constitution of 1945 S
Ratified General Election August 7 1945 Governors Proclamation August 13 1945
229
230
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENTS ADOPTED SINCE RATIFICATION OF CONSTITUTION OF 1945
Amendment to Art VII Sec I Par II subpar 1 so as to authorize the General Assembly to provide for the payment of one hundred thousand dollars 10000000 for bringing in the first commercial oil well in this State
Amendment to Par 4 Sec 7 of Art 7 to include therein county boards of education as having authority to obtain the loans provided in said paragraph
RATIFIED NOVEMBER 7 1950

Amendment to Par IV Sec IX of Art VII to provide for the appropriation of funds for highway purposes
Amendment to Art VII Sec I Par II Subsec 3 so as to change the levy of taxes permitted on property for any one year by the Gen Assembly for all purposes except to provide for repelling invasions suppressing insurrections or defending the State in time of war from five 5 mills on each dollar of the value of the property taxable in the State to onefourth Vi mill on each dollar of the value of the property taxable in the State provided however that until some other method permitted by the laws of the United States for the taxation of national banking associations or corporations is enacted by the Gen Assembly for the taxation of the shares of stock of banking corporations and other monied capital coming into competition with such banking corporations such property may be taxed at a rate not exceeding five 5 mills on each dollar of the value thereof
Amendment to Art VII Sec I Par II so as to authorize the Gen Assembly to
Provide for scholarships to medical students who agree to practice medicine in the tate of Georgia and to authorize the granting of scholarships to various schools and clinics to Physicians and other professional personnel employed at the Milledgeville State Hospital
Amendment to Art V Sec I Par XV providing for a period of thirty days after adjournment in which the Governor may approve bills passed by the Gen Assembly Amendment to Art VII Sec II Par I Subpar 5 so as to provide that the Gen Assembly may exercise the power of taxation for the purpose of making provision for the payment of pensions to exConfederate soldiers and to the widows of Confederate soldiers who are unmarried
Amendment to Par 4 Sec 1 Art VII authorizing the Gen Assembly to exempt from taxation intangible personal property owned by a trust forming a part of a pension profit sharing or stock bonus plan exempt from federal income tax under Section 165a of the Federal Internal Revenue Code
Amendment to Art VII Sec II Par I by adding a new paragraph so as to extend to the employees of the State and its subdivisions protection accorded others by the Old Age and Survivors Insurance Program embodied under the Federal Social Security Act and the Federal Insurance Contributions Act
Amendment striking Par XV of Sec VII of Art Ill in its entirety and inserting in lieu thereof a new paragraph providing for notice of intention to apply for local legislation to be advertised in the newspaper in the locality affected to provide for the method of changing term of office or abolishing an office during the term for which a person has been elected and to provide for the method of increasing the membership of any municipal or county governing authority Amendment to Art 13 Sec 1 Par 1 providing for the submission of amendments to the Constitution that affect only a county or counties municipality or municipalities
RATIFIED NOVEMBER 4 1952
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
Governors No 34 House Resolution No 11
231
A RESOLUTION
Proposing as one single amendment to amend the Constitution of the State of Georgia of 1877 and all amendments thereof by striking in their entirety Article I Bill of Rights Article II Elective franchise Article III Legislative Department Article IV Power of the General Assembly Over Taxation Article V Executive Department Article VI Judiciary Article VII Finance Taxation and Public Debt Article VIII Education Article IX Homesteads and Exemptions Article X Militia Article XI Counties and County Officers Article XII The Laws of General Operation in Force in This State Article XIII Amendments to the Constitution and by inserting in lieu thereof after the Preamble of the Constitution of the State of Georgia of 1877 new articles as follows Article I Bill of Rights Article II Elective Franchise Article III Legislative Department Article IV Public Utilities Eminent Domain Police Power Insurance Companies Contracts etc Article V Executive Department Article VI Judiciary Article VII Finance Taxation and Public Debt Article VIII Education Article IX Homesteads and Exemptions Article X Militia Article XI Counties and Municipal Corporations Article XII The Laws of General Operation in Force in This State Article XIII Amendments to the Constitution Article XIV Merit System and Article XV Home Rule and to provide for the submission of the Amendment so proposed as one Amendment to the qualified voters of the State of Georgia for ratification or rejection at the General Election to be held in August 1945
WHEREAS the purpose of this single amendment is to coordinate the proposed substantial principals of organic law into one subject matter of the Constitution it being impracticable otherwise than in one subject matter and one amendment to perfect the rearrangement sought and to render unnecessary the evil consequences of a portion by portion adoption or rejection which would in case of adoption of some portions and rejection of others result in a Constitution lacking correlation
232
LEGISLATIVE MANUAL
NOW THEREFORE BE IT RESOLVED BY THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY OF GEORGIA
Section One
That the Constitution of the State of Georgia of 1877 and all Amendments thereof appearing after the Preamble be and it is hereby proposed to be amended as one single amendment by striking therefrom in their entirety Article I Bill of Rights Article II Elective Franchise Article III Legislative Department Article IV Power of the General Assembly Over Taxation Article V Executive Department Article VI Judiciary Article VII Finance Taxation and Public Debt Article VIII Education Article IX Homesteads and Exemptions Article X Militia Article XI Counties and County Officers Article XII The Laws of General Operation in Force in This State Article XIII Amendments to the Constitution and inserting in lieu thereof new Articles Numbers I through XV inclusive so that when so amended the Constitution of the State of Georgia of 1877 shall read beginning with the Preamble as follows
CONSTITUTION
OF THE
STATE OF GEORGIA
PREAMBLE
To perpetuate the principles of free government insure justice to all preserve peace promote the interest and happiness of the citizen and transmit to posterity the enjoyment of liberty we the people of Georgia relying upon the protection and guidance of Almighty God do ordain and establish this Constitution
ARTICLE I Bill of Rights
V Section I
Paragraph I Origin and foundation of government All government of right originates with the people is founded upon their will only and is instituted solely for the good of the whole Public officers are the trustees and servants of the people and at all times amenable to them
Paragraph II Protection the duty of government Protection to person and property is the paramount duty of government and shall be impartial and complete
Paragraph III Life liberty and property No person shall be deprived of life liberty or property except by due process of law
233
CONSTITUTION OF THE STATE OF GEORGIA Art 1 Sec 1 Par 4
Paragraph IV Right to the courts No person shall be deprived of the right to prosecute or defend his own cause in any of the courts of this State in person by attorney or both
Paragraph V Benefit of counsel accusation list of witnesses compulsory process trial by jury Every person charged with an offense against the laws of this State shall have the privilege and benefit of counsel shall be furnished on demand with a copy of the accusation and a list of the witnesses on whose testimony the charge against him is founded shall have compulsory process to obtain the testimony of his own witnesses shall be confronted with the witnesses testifying against him and shall have a public and speedy trial by an impartial jury
Paragraph VI Crimination of self not compelled No person shall be compelled to give testimony tending in any manner to criminate himself
Paragraph VII Banishment and whipping as punishment for crime Neither banishment beyond the limits of the State nor whipping as a punishment for crime shall be allowed
Paragraph VIII Jeopardy of life or liberty more than once forbidden No person shall be put in jeopardy of life or liberty more than once for the same offense save on his or her own motion for a new trial after conviction or in case of mistrial
Paragraph IX Bail fines punishment arrest abuse of prisoners Excessive bail shall not be required nor excessive fines imposed nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted nor shall any person be abused in being arrested while under arrest or in prison
Paragraph X Costs No person shall be compelled to pay costs except after conviction on final trial
Paragraph XI Habeas corpus The writ of Habeas Corpus shall not be suspended
234
CONSTITUTION OF THE STATE OF GEORGIA Art 1 Sec 1 Par 12
Paragraph XII Freedom of conscience All men have the natural and inalienable right to worship God each according to the dictates of his own conscience and no human authority should in any case control or interfere with such rights of conscience
Paragraph XIII Religious opinions liberty of conscience No inhabitant of this State shall be molested in person or property or prohibited from holding any public office or trust on account of his religious opinions but the right of liberty of conscience shall not be so construed as to excuse acts of licentiousness or justify practices inconsistent with the peace and safety of the State
Paragraph XIV Appropriations to churches sects etc forbidden No money shall ever be taken from the public Treasury directly or indirectly in aid of any church sect or denomination of religionists or of any sectarian institution
Paragraph XV Liberty of speech or of the press guaranteed No law shall ever be passed to curtail or restrain the liberty of speech or of the press any person may speak write and publish his sentiments on all subjects being responsible for the abuse of that liberty
Paragraph XVI Searches seizures and warrants The right of the people to be secure in their persons houses papers and effects against unreasonable searches and seizures shall not be violated and no warrant shall issue except upon probable cause supported by oath or affirmation particularly describing the place or places to be searched and the persons or things to be seized
Paragraph XVII Slavery and involuntary servitude There shall be within the State of Georgia neither slavery nor involuntary servitude save as a punishment for crime after legal conviction thereof
235
CONSTITUTION OF THE STATE OF GEORGIA Art 1 Sec 1 Par 18
Paragraph XVIII Status of the citizen The social status of the citizen shall never be the subject of legislation
Paragraph XIX Civil authority superior to military The Civil authority shall be superior to the military and no soldier shall m time of peace be quartered in any house without the consent of the owner nor in time of war except by the civil magistrate in such manner as may be provided by law
Paragraph XX Contempts The power of the Courts to punish for contempt shall be limited by legislative acts
Paragraph XXI Imprisonment for debt There shall be no imprisonment for debt
Paragraph XXII Arms right to keep and bear The right of the people to keep and bear arms shall not be infringed but the General Assembly shall have power to prescribe the manner in which arms may be borne
Paragraph XXIII Legislative judicial and executive powers separate The legislative judicial and executive powers shall forever remain separate and distinct and no person discharging the duties of one shall at the same time exercise the functions of either of the others except as herein provided
Paragraph XXIV Right to assemble and petition The people have the right to assemble peaceably for their common good and to apply to those vested with the powers of government for redress of grievances by petition or remonstrance
Paragraph XXV Citizens protection of All citizens of the United States resident in this State are hereby declared citizens of this State and it shall be the duty of the General Assembly to enact such laws as will protect them in the full enjoyment of the rights privileges and immunities due to such citizenship
236
CONSTITUTION OF THE STATE OF GEORGIA Art 1 Sec 2 Par 1
Section II
Paragraph I Libel jury in criminal cases new trials In all prosecutions or indictments for libel the truth may be given in evidence and the jury in all criminal cases shall be the judges of the law and the facts The power of the judges to grant new trials in case of conviction is preserved
Paragraph II Treason Treason against the State of Georgia shall consist in levying war against her adhering to her enemies giving them aid and comfort No person shall be convicted of treason except on the testimony of two witnesses to the same overt act or confession in open court
Paragraph III Conviction effect of No conviction shall work corruption of blood or forfeiture of estate
Paragraph IV Lotteries All lotteries and the sale of lottery tickets are hereby prohibited and this prohibition shall be enforced by penal laws
Paragraph V Lobbying penalties Lobbying is declared to be a crime and the General Assembly shall enforce this provision by suitable penalties
Paragraph VI Fraud concealment of property The General Assembly shall have the power to provide for the punishment of fraud and shall provide by law for reaching property of the debtor concealed from the creditor
Section III
Paragraph I Private ways just compensation In case of necessity private ways may be granted upon just compensation being first paid by the applicant Private property shall not be taken or damaged for public purposes without just and adequate compensation being first paid
237
CONSTITUTION OF THE STATE OF GEORGIA Art 1 Sec 3 Par 2
Paragraph II Attainder ex post facto and retroactive laws etc No bill of attainder ex post facto law retroactive law or law impairing the obligation of contracts or making irrevocable grant of special privileges or immunities shall be passed
Paragraph III Revocation of tax exemptions All exemptions from taxation heretofore granted in corporate charters are declared to be henceforth null and void
Section IV
Paragraph f General laws uniform operation how varied Laws of a general nature shall have uniform operation throughout the State and no special law shall be enacted in any case for which provision has been made by an existing general law No general law affecting private rights shall be varied in any particular case by special legislation except with the free consent in writing of all persons to be affected thereby and no person under legal disability to contract is capable of such consent
Paragraph II What acts void Legislative acts in violation of this Constitution of the Constitution of the United States are void and the Judiciary shall so declare them
Section V
Paragraph I State rights The people of this State have the inherent sole and exclusive rights of regulating their internal government and the police thereof and of altering and abolishing their Constitution whenever it may be necessary to their safety and happiness
Paragraph II Enumeration of rights not denial of others The enumeration of rights herein contained as a part of this Constitution shall not be construed to deny to the people any inherent rights which they may have hitherto enjoyed
238
CONSTITUTION OF THE STATE OF GEORGIA Art 1 Sec 6 Par 1
Section VI
Paragraph I Tidewater titles confirmed The Act of the General Assembly approved December 16 1902 which extends the title of ownership of lands abutting on tidal water to low water mark is hereby ratified and confirmed
ARTICLE II
Elective Franchise
Section I
Paragraph I Elections by ballot registration of voters Elections by the people shall be by ballot and only those persons shall be allowed to vote who have been first registered in accordance with the requirements of law
Paragraph II Who shall be an elector entitled to register and vote Every citizen of this State who is a citizen of the United States eighteen years old or upwards not laboring under any of the disabilities named in this Article and possessing the qualifications provided by it shall be an elector and entitled to register and vote at any election by the people Provided that no soldier sailor or marine in the military or naval services of the United States shall acquire the rights of an elector by reason of being stationed on duty in this State
Paragraph III Who entitled to register and vote To entitle a person to register and vote at any election by the people he shall have resided in the State one year next preceding the election and in the county in which he offers to vote six months next preceding the election
Paragraph IV Qualifications of electors Every citizen of this State shall be entitled to register as an elector and to vote in all elections in said State who is not disqualified under the
239
CONSTITUTION OF THE STATE OF GEORGIA Art 2 Sec 1 Par 4
provisions of Section II of Article II of this Constitution and who possesses the qualifications prescribed in Paragraphs II and HI of this Section or who will possess them at the date of the election occurring next after his registration and who in addition thereto comes within either of the classes provided for in the two following subdivisions of this paragraph
1 All persons who are of good character and understand the duties and obligations of citizenship under a republican form of government or
2 All persons who can correctly read in the English language any paragraph of the Constitution of the United States or of this State and correctly write the same in the English language when read to them by any one of the registrars and all persons who solely because of physical disability are unable to comply with the above requirements but who can understand and give a reasonable interpretation of any paragraph of the Constitution of the United States or of this State that may be read to them by any one of the registrars
Paragraph V Appeal from decision of registrars Any person to whom the right of registration is denied by the registrars upon the ground that he lacks the qualifications set forth in the two subdivisions of Paragraph IV shall have the right to take an appeal and any citizen may enter an appeal from the decision of the registrars allowing any person to register under said subdivisions All appeals must be filed in writing with the registrars within ten days from the date of the decision complamed of and shall be returned by the registrars to the office of the clerk of the superior court to be tried as other appeals
Paragraph VI Judgment of force pending appeal Pending an appeal and until the final decision of the case the judgment of the registrars shall remain in full force
240
CONSTITUTION OF THE STATE OF GEORGIA Art 2 Sec 2 Par 1
Section II
Paragraph I Registration of electors who disfranchised The General Assembly may provide from time to time for the registration of all electors but the following classes of persons shall not be permitted to register vote or hold any office or appointment of honor or trust in this State towit 1st Those who shall have been convicted in any court of competent jurisdiction of treason against the State of embezzlement of public funds malfeasance in office bribery or larceny or of any crime involving moral turpitude punishable by the laws of this State with imprisonment in the penitentiary unless such persons shall have been pardoned 2nd Idiots and insane persons
Section III
Paragraph I Privilege of electors from arrest Electors shall in all cases except for treason felony larceny and breach of the peace be privileged from arrest during their attendance on elections and in going to and returning from the same
Section IV
Paragraph I Holder of public funds No person who is the holder of any public money contrary to law shall be eligible t any office in this State until the same is accounted for and paid into the Treasury
Section V
Pararaph I Sale of liquors on election days The General Assembly shall by law forbid the sale of intoxicating drinks in this State or any political subdivision thereof on all days for the holding of any election in the area in which such election is held and prescribe punishment for any violation of the same
241
CONSTITUTION OF THE STATE OF GEORGIA Art 2 Sec 6 Par 1
Section VI
Paragraph I Returns made to whom Returns of election for all civil officers elected by the people who are to be commissioned by the Governor and also for members of the General Assembly shall be made to the Secretary of State unless otherwise provided by law
ARTICLE III
Legislative Department
Section I
Paragraph I Power vested in General Assembly The legislative power of the State shall be vested in a General Assembly which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives
Section II
Pargraph I Number of senators and senatorial districts The Senate shall consist of not more than fiftyfour members and there shall be not more than fiftyfour Senatorial Districts with one Senator from each District as now constituted or as hereafter created The various Senatorial Districts shall be comprised of the counties as now provided and the General Assembly shall have authority to create rearrange and change these Districts within the limitation herein stated
Section III
Paragraph I Number of representatives The House of Representatives shall consist of representatives apportioned among the several counties of the State as follows To the eight counties having the largest population three representatives
242
CONSTITUTION OF THE STATE OF GEORGIA Art 3 Sec 3 Par 1
each to the thirty counties having the next largest population two representatives each and to the remaining counties one representative each
Paragraph II Apportionment changed how The above apportionment shall be changed by the General Assembly at its first session after each census taken by the United States Government in accordance with the provisions of Paragraph I of Section III of this article
Section IV
Paragraph I Term of members The members of the General Assembly shall be elected for two years and shall serve until the time fixed by law for the convening of the next General Assembly
Paragraph II Election when The first election for members of the General Assembly under this Constitution shall take place on Tuesday after the first Monday in November 1946 and subsequent elections biennially on that day until the day of election is changed by law
Paragraph III Meeting of the General Assembly The General Assembly shall meet in regular session on the second Monday in January 1947 and biennially thereafter on the same day until the date shall be changed by law By concurrent resolution adopted by a majority of members elected to both Houses the General Assembly may adjourn any regular session to such later date as it may fix for reconvening in regular session but shall remain in regular session no longer than seventy 70 days in the aggregate during the term for which the members were elected If it shall adjourn the first regular session before the expiration of seventy 70 days without fixing a date for reconvening the General Assembly shall reconvene in regular session on the second Monday in January of the next year unless it shall have adjourned sine die All business pending in the
243
CONSTITUTION OF THE STATE OF GEORGIA Art 3 Sec 4 Par 3
Senate or House at the adjournment of any regular session may AcoL0nderedt1any iatr rear session of the same General aslf there had been no adjournment Nothing herein eonstrued to affect the power of the Governor to contae Geral Assembly in extraordinary session or the duty of the Governor to convene the General Assembly in extraordinary session upon the certificate of threefifths of the members elected to the Senate and the House of Representa
ConstitutoWfd mArticl V Section I Paragraph XII of this S impeachment trial is pending at the end of
any regular or extraordinary session the Senate may continue
Saw Is The prosn of Pari
ft Section IV of Article III of the Constitution which
Gene apIy 40 tbe of the
day in Ctmue ln foTO5 W second Mon
stitut77nnn irm Ana3rity of each House shall con
Sav adionrn 7rlmtllteaSaSt bnsIess bt a smaller number may adjourn from day to day and compel the presence of its
absent members as each house may provide presence 01 lts
Paragraph V Oath of members Each Senator and Renresentative before taking his seat shall take the following oath
StatfSaof the0TTV A support the Constitution f this
btate and of the United States and on all questions and mea
sures which may come before me I will so conduct mysel as
will m my judgment be most conducive to the interests and prosperity of this State interests ana
hJufragTap VI Edibility appointments forbidden No person holding a military commission or other appointment or office
thi SteSY c0IuPensatin annexed thereto under
this ktate or the United States or either of them except Justices of the Peace and officers of the militia nor any defaulter for public money or for any legal taxes required of him shall have a seat in either house nor shall any Senator or Repre
244
CONSTITUTION OF THE STATE OF GEORGIA Art 3 Sec 4 Par 6
sentative after his qualification as such be elected by the General Assembly or appointed by the Governor either with or without the advice and consent of the Senate to any office or appointment having any emolument annexed thereto during the time for which he shall have been elected unless he shall first resign his seat provided however that during the term for which he was elected no Senator or Representative shall be appointed to any civil office which has been created during such term
Paragraph VII Removal from district or county effect of The seat of a member of either house shall be vacated on his removal from the district or county from which he was elected
Section V
Paragraph I Qualifications of Senators The Senators shall be citizens of the United States who have attained the age of twentyfive years and who shall have been citizens of this State for four years and for one year residents of the district from which elected
Paragraph II President The presiding officer of the Senate shall be styled the President of the Senate A President Pro Tempore shall be elected viva voce from the Senators and shall act in case of the death resignation or disability of the President or in the event of his succession to the executive power
Paragraph III Impeachments The Senate shall have the sole power to try impeachments
Paragraph IV Trial of impeachments When sitting for that purpose the members shall be on oath or affirmation and shall be presided over by the Chief Justice or the Presiding Justice of the Supreme Court Should the Chief Justice be disqualified the Senate shall select a Justice of the Supreme Court to preside No person shall be convicted without the concurrence of twothirds of the members present
245
CONSTITUTION OF THE STATE OF GEORGIA Art 3 Sec 5 Par 5
Paragraph V Judgments in impeachments Judgments in cases of impeachment shall not extend further than removal from office and disqualification to hold and enjoy any office of honor trust or profit within this State but the party convicted shall nevertheless be liable and subject to indictment trial judgment and punishment according to law
Section VI
Paragraph I Qualifications of representatives The Representatives shall be citizens of the United States who have attained the age of twentyone years and who shall have been citizens of this State for two years and for one year residents of the counties from which elected
Paragraph II Speaker The presiding officer of the House of Representatives shall be styled the Speaker of the House of Representatives and shall be elected viva voce from the body
Paragraph III Power to impeach The House of Representatives shall have the sole power to vote impeachment charges against all persons who shall have been or may be in office
Section VII
Paragraph I Election returns etc disorderly conduct Each House shall be the judge of the election returns and qualifications of its members and shall have power to punish them for disorderly behavior or misconduct by censure fine imprisonment or expulsion but no member shall be expelled except by a vote of twothirds of the House to which he belongs
Paragraph II Contempts how punished Each House may punish by imprisonment not extending beyond the session any person not a member who shall be guilty of a contempt by any disorderly behavior in its presence or who shall rescue or attempt to rescue any person arrested by order of either House
246
CONSTITUTION OF THE STATE OF GEORGIA Art 3 Sec 7 Par 3
Pararaph III Privilege of members The members of both Houses shall be free from arrest during their attendance on the General Assembly and in going thereto or returning therefrom except for treason felony larceny or breach of the peace and no member shall be liable to answer in any other place for anything spoken in debate in either House
Paragraph IV Journals and acts Each House shall keep a journal of its proceedings and publish it immediately after its adjournment The General Assembly shall provide for the publication of the laws passed by each session
Paragraph V Where journals kept The original journal shall be preserved after publication in the office of the Secretary of State but there shall be no other record thereof
Paragraph Vi Yeas and nays when taken The yeas and nays on any question shall at the desire of onefifth of the members present be entered on the Journal
Paragraph VII Bills to be read Every bill before it shall pass shall be read three times and on three separate days in u3 jTse uness cases of actual invasion or insurrection but the first and second reading of each local bill shall consist oi the reading of the title only unless said bill is ordered to be engrossed
Paragraph VIII One subject matter expressed No law shall pass which refers to more than one subject matter or contains matter different from what is expressed in the title thereof
Paragraph IX General appropriations bill The General appropriations bill shall embrace nothing except appropriations fixed by previous laws the ordinary expenses of the Executive Legislative and Judicial Departments of the Government payment of the public debt and interest thereon and for support of the public institutions and educational interests of the State All other appropriations shall be made by separate bills each embracing but one subject
247
CONSTITUTION OF THE STATE OF GEORGIA Art 3 Sec 7 Par 10
Paragraph X Bills for revenue All bills for raising revenue or appropriating money shall originate in the House of Representatives but the Senate may propose or concur in amendments as in other bills
Paragraph XI Public money how drawn No money shall be drawn from the Treasury except by appropriation made by law
Paragraph XII Bills appropriating money No bill or resolution appropriating money shall become a law unless upon its passage the yeas and nays in each house are recorded
Paragraph XIII Acts signed rejected bills All acts shall be signed by the President of the Senate and the Speaker of the House of Representatives and no bill or resolution intended to have the effect of a law which shall have been rejected by either house shall be again proposed during the same session under the same or any other title without the consent of twothirds of the House by which the same was rejected
Paragraph XIV Majority of members to pass bill No bill shall become a law unless it shall receive a majority of the votes of all the members elected to each House of the General Assembly and it shall in every instance so appear on the J ournal
Paragraph XV Notice of intention to ask local legislation necessary No local or special bill shall be passed unless notice of the intention to apply therefor shall have been published in the newspaper in which the Sheriffs advertisements for the locality affected are published once a week for three weeks during a period of sixty days immediately preceding its introduction into the General Assembly No local or special bill shall become law unless there is attached to and made a part of said bill a copy of said notice certified by the publisher or accompanied by an affidavit of the author to the effect that said notice has been published as provided by law No office to which
248
CONSTITUTION OF THE STATE OF GEORGIA Art 3 Sec 7 Par 15
a person has been elected shall be abolished nor the term of the office shortened or lengthened by local or special bill during the term for which such person was elected unless the same be approved by the people of the jurisdiction affected in a referendum on the question When any local law shall add any member or members to any municipal or county governing authority the members of which are elected by the people such local law must provide that the member or members so added must be elected by the qualified voters of the political subdivision affected under such rules as the General Assembly may in said law provide
Paragraph XVI Statutes and sections of code how amended No law or section of the code shall be amended or repealed by mere reference to its title or to the number of the section of the Code but the amending or repealing act shall distinctively describe the law to be amended or repealed as well as the alteration to be made
Paragraph XVII Corporate powers how granted The General Assembly shall have no power to grant corporate powers and privileges to private companies to make or change election precincts nor to establish bridges or ferries nor to change names of legitimate children but it shall prescribe by law the manner in which such powers shall be exercised by the courts it may confer this authority to grant corporate powers and privileges to private companies to the judges of the superior courts of this State in vacation All corporate powers and privileges to banking trust insurance railroad canal navigation express and telegraph companies shall be issued and granted by the Secretary of State in such manner as shall be prescribed by law and if in any event the Secretary of State should be disqualified to act in any case then in that event the legislature shall provide by general laws by what person such charter shall be granted
Paragraph XVIII Recognizances The General Assembly shall have no power to relieve principals or securities upon for
249
CONSTITUTION OF THE STATE OF GEORGIA Art 3 Sec 7 Par 18
felted recognizances from the payment thereof either before or after judgment thereon unless the principal in the recognizance shall have been apprehended and placed in the custody of the proper officers
Paragraph XIX Yeas and nays to be entered when Whenever the Constitution requires a vote of twothirds of either or both houses for the passage of an act or resolution the yeas and nays on the passage thereof shall be entered on the Journal
Paragraph XX Powers of the General Assembly The General Assembly shall have the power to make all laws consistent with this Constitution and not repugnant to the Constitution of the United States which they shall deem necessary and proper for the welfare of the State
Paragraph XXI Signature of Governor No provision in this Constitution for a twothirds vote of both houses of the General Assembly shall be construed to waive the necessity for the signature of the Governor as in any other case except in the case of the twothirds vote required to override the veto to submit constitutional amendments and in case of prolongation of a session of the General Assembly
Paragraph XXII Adjournments Neither House shall adjourn for more than three days or to any other place without the consent of the other and in case of disagreement between the two Houses on a question of adjournment the Governor may adjourn either or both of them
Paragraph XXIII Zoning and planning laws The General Assembly of the State shall have authority to grant the governing authorities of the municipalities and counties authority to pass zoning and planning laws whereby such cities or counties may be zoned or districted for various uses and other or different uses prohibited therein and regulating the use for which
250
CONSTITUTION OF THE STATE OF GEORGIA Art 3 Sec 7 Par 23
said zones or districts may be set apart and regulating the plans for development and improvements on real estate therein
Paragraph XXIV Civil service equal preference to veterans Neither the State of Georgia nor any political subdivision thereof shall inaugurate or maintain any civil service scheme of any nature whatever which fails to provide for honorably discharged veterans of any war and the said State of Georgia or any political subdivision shall if a civil service scheme is originated or is already in force provide equal preferences accorded to such veterans as now exist under Federal Civil Service Laws
Paragraph XXV Street Railways The General Assembly shall not authorize the construction of any street passenger railway within the limits of any incorporate town or city without the consent of the Corporate Authorities
Section VIII
Paragraph I Officers of the two houses The officers of the two houses other than the President of the Senate and Speaker of the House shall be a President Pro Tempore and Secretary of the Senate and Speaker Pro Tempore and Clerk of the House of Representatives and such assistants as each House may provide for
Section IX
Paragraph I Compensation expense and mileage The per diem of members of the General Assembly shall be 1000 per day plus the additional sum of 500 per day for maintenance expense and the mileage shall not exceed 10 cents for each mile traveled by the nearest practical route in going to and returning from the Capitol but the President Pro Tempore of the Senate when serving as presiding officer thereof and the
CONSTITUTION OF THE STATE OF GEORGIA Art 3 Sec 9 Par 1
er House of Representatives shall each receive 1500 per day as per diem plus the additional sum of 500 per day for maintenance expense
Section X
Paragraph I Viva voce vote place of meeting All elections by the General Assembly shall be viva voce and the vote shall appear on the Journal of the House of Representatives When the Senate and House of Representatives unite for the purpose of elections they shall meet in the Representative Hall and the President of the Senate shall in such cases preside and declare the result
Section XI
Paragraph I Salaries of elective officials how changed The General Assembly may at any time by a majority vote of both branches prescribe other and different salaries for all of the elective officers provided for in this Constitution but no such change shall affect the officers then in commission
ARTICLE IV
Public Utilities Eminent Domain Police Power Insurance Companies Contracts Etc
Section I
Paragraph I Public utility tariffs and charges The power and authority of regulating railroad freight and passenger tariffs and of charges of public utilities for their services of preventing unjust discriminations and requiring reasonable
252
CONSTITUTION OF THE STATE OF GEORGIA Art 4 Sec 1 Par 1
and just rates of freight and passenger tariffs and of charges of public utilities are hereby conferred upon the General Assembly whose duty it shall be to pass laws from time to time to regulate such tariffs and charges to prohibit unjust discriminations by the various railroads and public utilities of this State and to prohibit said railroads and public utilities from charging other than just and reasonable rates and to enforce the same by adequate penalties provided nevertheless that such power and authority shall never be exercised in any way to regulate or fix charges of such public utilities as are or may be owned or operated by any county or municipality of this State except as provided in this Constitution
Paragraph II Rebates No public utility company shall give or pay any rebate or bonus in the nature thereof directly or indirectly or do any act to mislead or deceive the public as to the real rates charged or received for freight or passage or services furnished any such payments shall be illegal and void and these prohibitions shall be enforced by suitable penalties
Section II
Paragraph I Right of eminent domain The exercise of the right of eminent domain shall never be abridged nor so construed as to prevent the General Assembly from taking property and franchises and subjecting them to public use
Paragraph II Police power The exercise of the police power of the State shall never be abridged nor so construed as to permit the conduct of business in such manner as to infringe the equal rights of others or the general wellbeing of the State
Section III
Paragraph I Charters revived or amended subject to Constitution The General Assembly shall not remit the forfeiture
253
CONSTITUTION OF THE STATE OF GEORGIA Art 4 Sec 3 Par 1
of the charter of any corporation now existing nor alter or amend the same nor pass any other general or special law for the benefit of said corporation except upon the condition that such corporation shall thereafter hold its charter subject to the provisions of this Constitution and every amendment of any charter of any corporation in this State or any special law for its benefit accepted thereby shall operate as a novation of said charter and shall bring the same under the provision of this Constitution
Section IV
Paragraph I Contracts to defeat competition All contracts and agreements which may have the effect or be intended to have the effect to defeat or lessen competition or to encourage monopoly shall be illegal and void The General Assembly of this State shall have no power to authorize any such contract or agreement
Paragraph II General Assembly to enforce Article The General Assembly shall enforce the provisions of this Article by appropriate legislation
Paragraph III Public Service Commission as constitutional officers There shall be a Public Service Commission for the regulation of utilities vested with the jurisdiction powers and duties now provided by law or that may hereafter be prescribed by the General Assembly not inconsistent with other provisions of this Constitution Such Commission shall consist of five members who shall be elected by the people A chairman shall be selected by the members of the Commission from its membership The first Commission under this amendment shall consist of the commissioners in office at the time of the adoption of this constitutional amendment and they shall serve until December 31st after the general election at which the successor of each member is elected Thereafter all succeeding terms of members shall be for six years The qualifications compensa
254
CONSTITUTION OF THE STATE OF GEORGIA Art 4 Sec 4 Par 3
tions filling of vacancies manner and time of election power and duties of members of the Commission including the chairman shall be such as are now or may hereafter be provided by the General Assembly
Section Y
Paragraph I Wifes separate estate All property of the wife at the time of her marriage and all property given to inherited or acquired by her shall remain her separate property and not be liable for the debts of her husband
Section VI
Paragraph I Nonresident insurance companies All life insurance companies now doing business in this State or which may desire to establish agencies and do business in the State of Georgia chartered by other States of the Union or foreign States shall show that they have deposited with the Comptroller General of the State in which they are chartered or of this State the Insurance Commissioner or such other officer as may be authorized to receive it not less than one hundred thousand dollars in such securities as may be deemed by such officer equivalent to cash subject to his order as a guarantee fund for the security of policyholders
Paragraph II License by Comptroller General When such showing is made to the Comptroller General of the State of Georgia by a proper certificate from the State official having charge of the funds so deposited the Comptroller General of the State of Georgia is authorized to issue to the company making such showing a license to do business in the State upon paying the fees required by law
Paragraph III Resident insurance companies guarantee fund All life insurance companies chartered by the State of Georgia or which may hereafter be chartered by the State
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CONSTITUTION OF THE STATE OF GEORGIA Art 4 Sec 6 Par 3
shall before doing business deposit with the Comptroller General of the State of Georgia or with some strong corporation which may be approved by said Comptroller General one hundred thousand dollars in such securities as may be deemed by him equivalent to cash to be subject to his order as a guarantee fund for the security of the policyholders of the company making such deposit all interest and dividends from such securities to be paid when due to the company so depositing Any such securities as may be needed or desired by the company may be taken from said department at any time by replacing them with other securities equally acceptable to the Comptroller General whose certificate for the same shall be furnished to the company
Paragraph IV General Assembly to enact laws for peoples protection etc The General Assembly shall from time to time enact laws to compel all fire insurance companies doing business in this State whether chartered by this State or otherwise to deposit reasonable securities with the Treasurer of this State to secure the people against loss by the operations of said companies
Paragraph V Reports by insurance companies The General Assembly shall compel all insurance companies in this State or doing business therein under proper penalties to make annual reports to the Comptroller General and print the same at their own expense for the information and protection of the people
ARTICLE V
Executive Department Section I
Paragraph I Governor Term of Office Salary etc The executive power shall be vested in a Governor who shall hold his office during the term of four years and until his successor shall be chosen and qualified The Governor serving at the time
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CONSTITUTION OF THE STATE OF GEORGIA Art 5 Sec 1 Par 1
of the adoption of this Constitution and future Governors shall not be eligible to succeed themselves and shall not be eligible to hold the office until after the expiration of four years from the conclusion of his term of office He shall have a salary of seven thousand five hundred dollars per annum until January 1 1947 The salary of the Governor for each year thereafter shall be twelve thousand dollars per annum until otherwise provided by a law passed by a majority vote of both branches of the General Assembly which shall not be increased or diminished during the period for which he shall have been elected nor shall he receive within that time any other emolument from the United States or either of them or from any foreign power The State officers required by this Constitution to be elected at the same time for the same term and in the same manner as the Governor shall also hold office for four years
Paragraph II Election for Governor The first election for Governor under this Constitution shall be held on Tuesday after the first Monday in November of 1946 and the Governorelect shall be installed in office at the next session of the General Assembly An election shall take place quadrennially thereafter on said date until another date be fixed by the General Assembly Said election shall be held at the places of holding general elections in the several counties of this State in the manner prescribed for the election of members of the General Assembly and the electors shall be the same
Paragraph III Returns of elections The returns for every election of Governor shall be sealed up by the managers separately from other returns and directed to the President of the Senate and Speaker of the House of Representatives and transmitted to the Secretary of State who shall without opening said returns cause the same to be laid before the Senate on the day after the two houses shall have been organized and they shall be transmitted by the Senate to the House of Representatives
Paragraph IV How returns published The members of each branch of the General Assembly shall convene in the Represen
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CONSTITUTION OF THE STATE OF GEORGIA Art 5 Sec 1 Par 4
tative Hall and the President of the Senate and Speaker of the House of Representatives shall open and publish the returns m the presence and under the direction of the General Assembly and the person having the majority of the whole number of votes shall be declared duly elected Governor of this State but if no person shall have such majority then from the two persons having the highest number of votes who shall be in life and shall not decline an election at the time appointed for the General Assembly to elect the General Assembly shall immediately elect a Governor viva voce and in all cases of election of a Governor by the General Assembly a majority of the members present shall be necessary to a choice
Paragraph V Contested elections Contested elections shall be determined by both houses of the General Assembly in such manner as shall be prescribed by law
Paragraph VI Qualifications of Governor No person shall be eligible to the office of Governor who shall not have been a citizen of the United States fifteen years and a citizen of the State six years and who shall not have attained the age of thirty years
Paragraph VII Lieutenant Governor Succession to executive power There shall be a Lieutenant Governor who shall be elected at the same time for the same term and in the same manner as the Governor He shall be President of the Senate and shall receive the sum of 2000 per annum In case of the death resignation or disability of the Governor the Lieutenant Governor shall exercise the executive power and receive the compensation of the Governor until the next general election for members of the General Assembly at which a successor to the Governor shall be elected for the unexpired term but if such death resignation or disability shall occur within thirty days of the next general election or if the term will expire within ninety days after the next general election the Lieutenant Governor shall exercise the executive power and receive the compensation of the Governor for the unexpired term If
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CONSTITUTION OF THE STATE OF GEORGIA Art 5 See 1 Par 7
the Lieutenant Governor shall become a candidate for the unexpired term of the Governor he shall thereby resign his office as Lieutenant Governor effective upon the qualification of the Governor elected for the unexpired term and his successor for the unexpired term shall be elected at such election In case of the death resignation or disability of both the Governor and the Lieutenant Governor the Speaker of the House of Representatives shall exercise the executive power until the removal of the disability or the election and qualification of a Governor at a special election which shall be held within sixty days from the date on which the Speaker of the House of Representatives shall assume the executive power A Lieutenant Governor shall be elected at the general election in 1946 and shall qualify at the same time as the Governor Until the qualification of a Lieutenant Governor the provisions of Article V Section I Paragraph VIII of the Constitution of Georgia of 1877 shall remain of full force and effect
Paragraph VIII Unexpired terms filling of The General Assembly shall have power to provide by law for filling unexpired terms by special elections except as provided in this Constitution
Paragraph IX Oath of office The Governor shall before he enters on the duties of his office take the following oath or affirmation I do solemnly swear or affirm as the case may be that I will faithfully execute the office of Governor of the State of Georgia and will to the best of my ability preserve protect and defend the Constitution thereof and the Constitution of the United States of America
Paragraph X Commanderinchief The Governor shall be commanderinchief of the army and navy of this State and of the militia thereof
Paragraph XI Reprieves and pardons State Board of Pardons and Paroles The Governor shall have power to suspend the execution of a sentence of death after conviction for of
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CONSTITUTION OF THE STATE OF GEORGIA Art 5 Sec 1 Par 11
fenses against the State until the State Board of Pardons and Paroles hereinafter provided shall have an opportunity of hearing the application of the convicted person for any relief within the power of such Board or for any other purpose which may be deemed necessary by the Governor Upon conviction for treason the Governor may only suspend the execution of the sentence and report the case to the General Assembly at the next meeting thereof when the General Assembly shall either pardon commute the sentence direct its execution or grant a further reprieve The Governor shall at each session of the General Assembly communicate to that body each case of suspension of sentense stating the name of the convict the offense for which he was convicted the sentence and its date the date of the reprieve or suspension and the reasons for granting the same He shall take care that the laws are faithfully executed and shall be a conservator of the peace throughout the State There shall be a State Board of Pardons and Paroles composed of three members who shall be appointed by the Governor and confirmed by the Senate Appointments made at times when the Senate is not in session shall be effective ad interim The first members shall be appointed for terms of three five and seven years respectively to be designated by the Governor and all subsequent appointments shall be for a period of seven years 1 except in case of an unexpired term The Governor shall not be a member of the State Board of Pardons and Paroles The members of the State Board of Pardons and Paroles shall each receive an annual salary of 500000 payable monthly The I State Board of Pardons and Paroles shall have power to grant reprieves pardons and paroles to commute penalties remove I disabilities imposed by law and may remit any part of a sentence for any offense against the State after conviction except in cases of treason or impeachment and except in cases in which the Governor refuses to suspend a sentence of death ll Provided that such board shall act on all applications within 90 days from the filing of same and in all cases a majority shall decide the action of the Board Except if any member for any
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CONSTITUTION OF THE STATE OF GEORGIA Art 5 Sec 1 Par 11
cause is unable to serve in any case involving capital punishment the Governor shall act as the third member of said Board and the action so taken in such instance shall be by unanimous vote The State Board of Pardons and Paroles shall at each session of the General Assembly communicate to that body in full detail each case of pardon parole commutation removal of disabilities or remission of sentences granted stating the name of the convict the offense for which he was convicted the sentence and its date the date of the pardon parole commutation removal of disabilities or remission of sentence and the reasons for granting the same and the State Board of Pardons and Paroles may make rules and regulations as may be authorized by law The first Board of Pardons and Paroles under this provision may be those in office under an act of the General Assembly creating such a Board existing at the time of the adoption of this amendment which if so existing shall be in lieu of such a Board to be created by the General Assembly subsequent to the adoption of this amendment and which Board shall have all the rights privileges powers and duties the same as if it was so subsequently created and the terms of members of such Board shall date from the time specified in the existing Act of the General Assembly The General Assembly may enact laws in aid of but not inconsistent with this amendment
Paragraph XII Writs of election called sessions of the General Assembly The Governor shall issue writs of election to fill all vacancies that may happen in the Senate and the House of Representatives and shall give the General Assembly from time to time information of the State of the Commonwealth and recommend to their consideration such measures as he may deem necessary or expedient The Governor shall have power to convoke the General Assembly on extraordinary occasions but no law shall be enacted at called sessions of the General Assembly except such as shall relate to the object stated in his proclamation convening them Providing that such called sessions of the General Assembly shall not exceed 70 days in length unless at the expiration of said period there shall be
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CONSTITUTION OF THE STATE OF GEORGIA Art 5 Sec 1 Par 12
pending an impeachment trial of some officer of the State Government in which event the General Assembly will be authorized to remain in session until such trial shall have been completed
Provided however that when threefifths of the members elected to the House of Representatives and threefifths of the members elected to the Senate shall have certified to the Governor of the State of Georgia that in their opinion an emergency exists in the affairs of the State of Georgia it shall thereupon be the duty of said Governor and mandatory upon him within five days from the receipt of such certificate or certificates to convene said General Assembly in extraordinary session for all purposes and in the event said Governor shall within said time Sundays excluded fail or refuse to convene said General Assembly as aforesaid then and in that event said General Assembly may convene itself in extraordinary session as if convened in regular session for all purposes provided that such extraordinary self convened session shall be limited to a period of 30 days unless at the expiration of said period there shall be pending an impeachment trial of some officer of the State Government in which event the General Assembly shall be authorized to remain in session until such trial shall have been completed
The members of the General Assembly shall receive the same per diem and mileage during such extraordinary session as is now or may be hereafter provided
Paragraph XIII Filling vacancies When any office shall become vacant by death resignation or otherwise the Governor shall have power to fill such vacancy unless otherwise provided by law and persons so appointed shall continue in office until a successor is commissioned agreeably to the mode pointed out by this Constitution or by laws in pursuance thereof
Paragraph XIV Appointments rejected A person once re
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CONSTITUTION OF THE STATE OF GEORGIA Art 5 Sec 1 Par 14
jected by the Senate shall not he reappointed by the Governor to the same office during the same session or the recess thereafter
Paragraph XV Governors veto The Governor shall have the revision of all bills passed by the General Assembly before the same shall become laws but twothirds of each house may pass a law notwithstanding his dissent and if any bills should not be returned by the Governor within five days Sunday excepted after it has been presented to him the same shall be a law unless the General Assembly by their adjournment shall prevent its return in which event the Governor shall have thirty days Sundays excepted from the date of adjournment in which to approve the same and if not approved within that time the same shall not become a law He may approve any appropriation and disapprove any other appropriation in the same bill and the latter shall not be effectual unless passed by twothirds of each House
Paragraph XVI Governor to approve resolutions etc Every vote resolution or order to which the concurrence of both houses may be necessary except on a question of election or adjournment shall be presented to the Governor and before it shall take effect be approved by him or being disapproved shall be repassed by twothirds of each house provided however that nothing contained in this Article shall be construed to confer on the Governor the right to veto or enter his disapproval of any proposal made by the General Assembly to amend this Constitution
Paragraph XVII Information from officers and employees suspension of officers The Governor may require information in writing from Constitutional officers department heads and all State employees on any subject relating to the duties of their respective offices or employment The General Assembly shall have authority to provide by law for the suspension of any Constitutional officer or department head from the discharge of the duties of his office and also for the appointment of a suitable person to discharge the duties of the same
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CONSTITUTION OF THE STATE OF GEORGIA Art 5 Sec 2 Par 1
Section II
Other Executive Officers
Paragraph I Executive Officers How Elected The Secretary of State Attorney General State School Superintendent Comptroller General Treasurer Commissioner of Agriculture and Commissioner of Labor shall be elected by the persons qualified to vote for members of the General Assembly at the same time and in the same manner as the Governor The provisions of the Constitution as to the transmission of the returns of the election counting the votes declaring the results deciding when there is no election and when there is a contested election applicable to the election of Governor shall apply to the election of the above named executive officers they shall be commissioned by the Governor and hold their offices for the same time as the Governor
Paragraph II Duties Authority and Salaries of Other Executive Officers The General Assembly shall have power to prescribe the duties authority and salaries of the executive officers and to provide help and expenses necessary for the operation of the department of each
Paragraph III Profit From Use of Public Money No State official shall be allowed directly or indirectly to receive any fee interest or reward from any person bank or corporation for the deposit or use in any manner of the public funds and the General Assembly shall enforce this provision by suitable penalties
Paragraph IV Qualifications No person shall be eligible to the office of the Secretary of State Attorney General State School Superintendent Comptroller General Treasurer Commissioner of Agriculture and Commissioner of Labor unless he shall have been a citizen of the United States for ten years and shall
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CONSTITUTION OF THE STATE OF GEORGIA Art 5 Sec 2 Par 4
have resided in this State for six years next preceding his election and shall be twentyfive years of age when elected All of said officers shall give bond and security under regulation to be prescribed by law for the faithful discharge of their duties
Paragraph V Fees and Perquisites Denied No State official named in Paragraph I of this Section shall be allowed any fee perquisite or compensation other than their salaries as prescribed by law except their necessary expenses when absent from the seat of government on business for the State
Section III
Paragraph I Great seal what constitutes custody when affixed to instruments The great seal of the State shall be deposited in the office of the Secretary of State and shall not be affixed to any instrument of writing except by order of the Governor or General Assembly and that now in use shall be the great seal of the State until otherwise provided by law
Section IV
Paragraph I Game and Fish Commission There is hereby created a State Game and Fish Commission Said Commission shall consist of one member from each Congressional District in this State and one additional member from one of the following named counties towit Chatham Bryan Liberty McIntosh Glynn or Camden The first members of the Commission shall consist of those in office at the time this Constitution is adopted with terms provided by law Thereafter all succeeding appointments shall be made by the Governor and confirmed by the Senate for a term of seven years from the expiration of the previous term All members of the Commission shall hold office until their successors are appointed and qualified Vacancies in office shall be filled by appointment of the Governor and submitted to the Senate for confirmation at the
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next session of the General Assembly after the making of the appointment
The Commission shall have such powers authority duties and shall receive such compensation and expenses as may be delegated or provided for by the General Assembly
Section V
State Board of Corrections
Paragraph I State Board of Corrections How Composed Director There shall be a State Board of Corrections composed of five members in charge of the State Penal System The Board shall have such jurisdiction powers duties and control of the State Penal System and the inmates thereof as shall be provided by law The Board shall elect a Director of Corrections who shall be the executive officer of the Board The Board of Corrections shall be appointed by the Governor with the consent of the Senate The first appointment shall be for terms of one two three four and five years and their successors shall be appointed for terms of five years each The compensation of the Director and members of the Board shall be fixed by law
Section VI
State Department of Veterans Service
Paragraph I Veterans Service Board How Composed Director There shall be a State Department of Veterans Service and Veterans Service Board composed of seven members who shall have such control duties powers and jurisdiction of the
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State Department of Veterans Service as shall be provided by law Said Board shall appoint a director who shall be the executive officer of the Department Members of the Board shall be appointed by the Governor with the advice and consent of the Senate and all members of the Board and the Director shall be veterans of some war in which the United States has engaged
The first appointments shall be for terms of one two three four five six and seven years Thereafter all terms and appointments except in case of vacancy shall be for seven years Vacancies shall be filled by appointment of the Governor
ARTICLE VI
Judiciary Section I
Paragraph I Courts Enumerated The judicial powers of this State shall be vested in a Supreme Court a Court of Appeals Superior Courts Courts of Ordinary Justices of the Peace Notaries Public who are exofficio Justices of the Peace and such other Courts as have been or may be established by law
Section II
Paragraph I Supreme Court Justices Quorum The Supreme Court shall consist of seven associate justices who shall from time to time as they may deem proper elect one of their member as Chief Justice and one as Presiding Justice the office of Chief Justice as it has heretofore existed under this Constitution being hereby converted into the office of an associate justice with the same right of incumbency and the same suc
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cession as to terms as applied to the former office The Chief Justice so elected by the other Justices shall be the chief presiding and administrative officer of the court and the Presiding Justice elected in like manner shall perform all the duties devolving upon the Chief Justice when he is absent or disqualified A majority of the court shall constitute a quorum
Paragraph II Court to Designate Judges to Preside When Means for Supreme Court to Prevent Delay in Congested Dockets When one or more of the justices of the Supreme Court are disqualified from deciding any case by interest or otherwise the qualified Justices shall designate a judge or judges of the Superior Court to preside in said case provided that if all the justices are disqualified they or a majority of them shall despite their disqualifications select seven judges of the superior court to preside in the cause but they shall make such selections by lot and in open court from not less than twelve names of such superior court judges
Paragraph III Terms of OfficeThe Justices aforesaid shall hold their offices for six years and until their successors are qualified They shall be elected by the people at the same time and in the same manner as members of the General Assembly provided that the successors to the two incumbents whose terms will expire on December 31 1946 shall be elected for the succeeding terms at the time of electing members of the General Assembly during that year successors to the two incumbents whose terms will expire on December 31 1948 shall be elected in like manner during that year successors to the two incumbents whose terms will expire on December 31 1950 shall be elected in like manner during that year and provided further that an additional or seventh Justice shall be immediately appointed by the Governor his tenure under such appointment to expire on December 31 1946 and his successor for the ensuing regular term of six years to be elected at the time and in the manner aforesaid at such general election to be held during that year and all terms except unexpired terms shall be for six years
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In case of any vacancy which causes an unexpired term the same shall be filled by executive appointment and the person appointed by the Governor shall hold his office until the next regular election and until his successor for the balance of the unexpired term shall have been elected and qualified The returns of such elections shall be made to the Secretary of State who shall certify the result to the Governor and commission shall issue accordingly
Paragraph IV Jurisdiction of Supreme Court The Supreme Court shall have no original jurisdiction but shall be a court alone for the trial and correction of errors of law from the superior courts and the city courts of Atlanta and Savannah as existed on August 16 1916 and such other like courts as have been or may hereafter be established in other cities in all cases that involve the construction of the Constitution of the State of Georgia or of the United States or of treaties between the United States and foreign governments in all cases in which the constitutionality of any law of the State of Georgia or of the United States is drawn in question and until otherwise provided by law in all cases respecting title to land in all equity cases in all cases which involve the validity of or the construction of wills in all cases of conviction of a capital felony in all habeas corpus cases in all cases involving extraordinary remedies in all divorce and alimony cases and in all cases certified to it by the Court of Appeals for its determination It shall also be competent for the Supreme Court to require by certiorari or otherwise any case to be certified to the Supreme Court from the Court of Appeals for review and determination with the same power and authority as if the case had been carried by writ of error to the Supreme Court Any case carried to the Supreme Court or to the Court of Appeals which belongs to the class of which the other court has jurisdiction shall until otherwise provided by law be transferred to the other court under such rules as the Supreme Court may prescribe and the cases so transferred shall be heard and determined by the court which has jurisdiction thereof The General
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Assembly may provide for carrying cases or certain classes of cases to the Supreme Court and the Court of Appeals from the trial courts otherwise than by writ of error and may prescribe conditions as to the right of a party litigant to have his case reviewed by the Supreme Court or Court of Appeals The Supreme Court shall also have jurisdiction of and shall decide cases transferred to it by the Court of Appeals because of an equal division between the judges of that Court when sitting as a body for the determination of cases
Paragraph V Cases how disposed of The Supreme Court and the Court of Appeals shall dispose of every case at the term for which it is entered on the courts docket for hearing as provided by Paragraph VIII of this Article and Section or at the next term If the plaintiff in error shall not be prepared to prosecute the case at the term for which it is so entered for hearing unless prevented by providential cause it shall be stricken from the docket and the judgment below shall stand affirmed No writ of error shall be dismissed because of delay in transmission of the bill of exceptions and the copy of the record or either of them resulting from the default of the clerk or other cause unless it shall appear that the plaintiff in error or his counsel caused such delay Nothing herein shall be construed to excuse the clerk for any ommission of duty or to relieve him of any liability resulting therefrom
Paragraph VI Judgments may be withheld In any case the Court may in its discretion withhold its judgment until the next term after the same is argued
Paragraph VII The Supreme Court how cases to be heard and determined The Supreme Court shall have power to hear and determine cases when sitting in a body under such regulations as may be prescribed by it
Paragraph VIII Court of Appeals The Court of Appeals shall consist of the Judges provided therefor by law at the
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time of the ratification of this amendment and of such additional Judges as the General Assembly shall from time to time prescribe All terms of the Judges of the Court of Appeals after the expiration of the terms of the Judges provided for by law at the time of the ratification of this amendment except unexpired terms shall continue six years and until their successors are qualified The times and manner of electing Judges and the mode of filling a vacancy which causes an unexpired term shall be the same as are or may be provided for by the laws relating to the election and appointment of Justices of the Supreme Court The Court of Appeals shall have jurisdiction for the trial and correction of errors of law from the superior courts and from the City Courts of Atlanta and Savannah as they existed on August 19 1916 and such other like courts as have been or may hereafter be established in other cities in all cases in which such jurisdiction has not been conferred by this Constitution upon the Supreme Court and in such other cases as may hereafter be prescribed by law except that where a case is pending in the Court of Appeals and the Court of Appeals desires instruction from the Supreme Court it may certify the same to the Supreme Court and thereupon a transcript of the record shall be transmitted to the Supreme Court which after having afforded to the parties ah opportunity to be heard thereon shall instruct the Court of Appeals on the question so certified and the Court of Appeals shall be bound by the instruction so given But if by reason of equal division of opinion among the Justices of the Supreme Court no such instruction is given the Court of Appeals may decide the question The manner of certifying questions to the Supreme Court by the Court of Appeals and the subsequent proceedings in regard to the same in the Supreme Court shall be as the Supreme Court shall by its rules prescribe until otherwise provided by law No affirmance of the judgment of the court below in cases pending in the Court of Appeals shall result from delay in disposing of questions or cases certified from the Court of Appeals to the Supreme Court or as to which such certificate
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has been required by the Supreme Court as hereinbefore provided All writs of error in the Supreme Court or the Court of Appeals when received by its clerk during a term of the Court and before the docket of the term is by order of the Court closed shall be entered thereon and when received at any other time shall be entered on the docket of the next term and they shall stand for hearing at the term for which they are so entered under such rules as the Court may prescribe until otherwise provided by law the Court of Appeals shall appoint a clerk and a sheriff of the court The reporter of the Supreme Court shall be reporter of the Court of Appeals until otherwise provided by law The laws relating to the Supreme Court as to qualification and salaries of Judges the designation of other Judges to preside when members of the Court are disqualified the powers duties salaries fees and terms of officers the mode of carrying cases to the Court the powers practice procedure times of sitting and costs of the Court the publication of reports of cases decided therein and in all other respects except as otherwise provided in this Constitution or by the laws as to the Court of Appeals at the time of the ratification of this amendment and until otherwise provided by law shall apply to the Court of Appeals so far as they can be made to apply The decisions of the Supreme Court shall bind the Court of Appeals as precedents The Court of Appeals shall have power to hear and determine cases when sitting in a body except as may be otherwise provided by the General Assembly
In the event of an equal division of judges on any case when the Court is sitting as a body the case shall be immediately transferred to the Supreme Court
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Section III
Superior Courts
Paragraph I Terms etc of Superior Court Judges There shall be a judge of the Superior Courts for each judicial circuit whose term of office shall be for four years and until his successor is qualified He may act in other circuits when authorized by law The legislature shall have authority to add one or more additional judges of the superior court for any judicial circuit in this State and shall have authority to regulate the manner in which the judges of such circuits shall dispose of the business thereof and shall fix the time at which the term or terms of office of such additional judge or judges shall begin and the manner of his appointment or election and shall have authority from time to time to add to the number of such judges in any judicial circuit or to reduce the number of judges in any judicial circuit provided that at all times there shall be at least one judge in every judicial circuit of this State
Paragraph II Elections when to be held The successors to the present and subsequent incumbents shall be elected by the electors of the whole State entitled to vote for members of the General Assembly at the general election held for such members next preceding the expiration of their respective terms
Paragraph III Terms begin when The terms of the judges to be elected under the Constitution except to fill vacancies shall begin on the first day of January after their elections Every vacancy occasioned by death resignation or other causes shall be filled by appointments of the Governor until the day of January after the general election held next after the expiration of thirty days from time such vacancy occurs at which election a successor for the unexpired term shall be elected
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Section IV
Paragraph I Exclusive jurisdiction The Superior Courts shall have exclusive jurisdiction in cases of divorce in criminal cases where the offender is subjected to loss of life or confinement m the penitentiary in cases respecting titles to land and equity cases
Paragraph II Equity may be merged in common law courts 1 he General Assembly may confer upon the Courts of common law all the powers heretofore exercised by Courts of equity in this State
Paragraph III General jurisdiction Said Courts shall have jurisdiction m all civil cases except as hereinafter provided
Paragraph IV Appellate jurisdiction They shall have appellate jurisdiction in all such cases as may be provided by law
Paragraph V Certiorari mandamus etc They shall have power to correct errors in inferior judicatories by writ of certiorari which shall only issue on the sanction of the Judge and said Courts and the judges thereof shall have power to issue writs of mandamus prohibition scire facias and all other writs that may be necessary for carrying their powers fully into effect and shall have such other powers as are or may be conferred on them by law
Paragraph VI New trials The Superior and City Courts may grant new trials on legal grounds
Paragraph VII Judgment of the court The Court shall render judgment without the verdict of a jury in all civil cases except actions ex delicto where no issuable defense is filed except as otherwise provided in this Constitution and subject to the right of trial by a jury on written demand of either party
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Paragraph VIII Sessions The Superior Courts shall sit in each county not less than twice in each year at such times as have been or may be appointed by law The judges of said Courts may on reasonable notice to the parties at any time in vacation at chambers hear and determine by interlocutory or final judgment any matter or issue where a jury verdict is not required or may be waived
Paragraph IX Presiding judge disqualified The General Assembly may provide by law for the appointment of some proper person to preside in cases where the presiding judge is from any cause disqualified
Section V
Paragraph I Judges of superior and city courts may alternate when In any county within which there is or hereafter may be a city Court the Judge of said Court and of the Superior Court may preside in the Courts of each other in cases where the judge of either Court is disqualified to preside
Section VI
Paragraph I Appeals from Ordinary The powers of a Court of Ordinary and of Probate shall be vested in an Ordinary for each county from whose decision there may be an appeal or by consent of parties without a decision to the Superior Court under regulations prescribed by law
Paragraph II Powers The Courts of Ordinary shall have such powers in relation to roads bridges ferries public buildings paupers county officers county funds county taxes and other county matters as may be conferred on them by law
The Court of Ordinary shall have jurisdiction to issue warrants try cases and impose sentences thereon in all misdemeanor cases arising under the Act known as the Georgia
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State Highway Patrol Act of 1937 and other traffic laws and in all cases arising under the Compulsory School Attendance law in all counties of this State in which there is no city or county court provided the defendant waives a jury trial Like jurisdiction is also conferred upon the judges of the police courts of incorporated cities and municipal court judges for offense arising under the Act known as the Georgia State Highway Patrol Act of 1937 and other traffic laws of the State within their respective jurisdiction
Paragraph III Term of office The Ordinary shall hold his office for the term of four years and until his successor is elected and qualified
Section VII
Justices of the Peace
Paragraph I Number and Term of Office There shall be in each militia district one justice of the peace whose official term except when elected to fill an unexpired term shall be for four years Provided however that the General Assembly may in its discretion abolish justice courts and the office of justice of the peace and of notary public exofficio justice of the peace in any city of this State having a population of over twenty thousand and establish in lieu thereof such court or courts or system of courts as the General Assembly may in its discretion deem necessary conferring upon such new court or courts or system of courts when so established the jurisdiction as to subject matter now exercised by justice courts and by justices of the peace and notaries public exofficio justices of the peace together with such additional jurisdiction either as to amount or subjectmatter as may be provided by law whereof some other court has not exclusive jurisdiction under this Constitution together with such provision as to rules and pro
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cedure in such courts as to new trials and the correction of errors in and by said courts and with such further provision for the correction of errors by the Superior Court or Court of Appeals or the Supreme Court as the General Assembly may from time to time in its discretion provide or authorize Any court so established shall not be subject to the rules of uniformity laid down in Paragraph I of Section IX of Article VI of the Constitution of Georgia Provided however that the General Assembly may in its discretion abolish justice courts the the office of justice of the peace and notary public exofficio justice of the peace in any county in this State having within its borders a city having a population of over twenty thousand and as well in the County of Glynn and establish in lieu thereof such court or courts or system of courts as the General Assembly may in its discretion deem necessary or conferring upon existing courts by extension of their jurisdiction as to subject matter now exercised by justice courts and by justices of the peace and notaries public exofficio justices of the peace together with such additional jurisdiction either as to amount or to subjectmatter as may be provided by law whereof some other court has not exclusive jurisdiction under this Constitution together also with such provisions as to rules and procedure in such courts and as to new trials and the correction of errors in and by said courts and with such further provision for the correction of errors by the superior court or the Court of Appeals or the Supreme Court as the General Assembly may from time to time in its discretion provide or authorize The civil court of Fulton County shall have jurisdiction in Fulton County and outside the city limits of Atlanta either concurrently with or supplemental to or in lieu of justice courts as may be now or hereafter provided by law Any court so established shall not be subject to the rules of uniformity laid down in Paragraph I of Section IX of Article VI of the Constitution of Georgia
Paragraph II Jurisdiction Justices of the peace shall have jurisdiction in all civil cases arising ex contractu and in cases
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of injury or damage to and conversion of personal property when the principal sum does not exceed two hundred dollars and shall sit monthly at fixed times and places but in all cases there may be an appeal to a jury in said court or an appeal to the Superior Court under such regulations as may be prescribed by law
Paragraph III Elections and commissions Justices of the peace shall be elected by the legal voters in their respective districts and shall be commissioned by the Governor They shall be removable on conviction for malpractice in office
Section VIII
Notaries Public
Paragraph I Appointment number term removal Commissioned notaries public not to exceed one for each militia district may be appointed by the judges of the superior courts in their respective circuits upon recommendation of the grand juries Of the several counties They shall be commissioned by the Governor for the term of four years and shall be exofficio justices of the peace and shall be removable on conviction for malpractice in office
Section IX
Uniformity of Courts
Paragraph I Uniformity provided for Except as otherwise provided in this Constitution the jurisdiction powers proceedings and practice of all courts or officers invested with judicial powers except City Courts of the same grade or class so far
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as regulated by law and the force and effect of the process judgment and decree by such courts severally shall be uniform This uniformity must be established by the General Assembly and in case of City Courts may be established by the General Assembly
Section X
Attorney General
Paragraph I Election term of office There shall be an Attorney General of this State who shall be elected by the people at the same time for the same term and in the same manner as the Governor
Paragraph II Duties It shall be the duty of the Attorney General to act as the legal adviser of the Executive Department to represent the State in the Supreme Court in all Capital felonies and in all Civil and Criminal Cases in any Court when required by the Governor and to perform such other services as shall be required of him by law
Section XI
Solicitors General
Paragraph I Number term of office vacancies There shall be a solicitor general for each judicial circuit whose official term except to fill a vacancy shall be four years The successors of present and subsequent incumbents shall be elected by the electors of the whole State qualified to vote for members of the General Assembly at the general election held next pre
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ceding the expiration of their respective terms Every vacancy occasioned by death resignation or other cause shall be filled by appointment of the Governor until the first day of January after the general election held next after the expiration of 30 days from the time such vacancy occurs at which election a successor for the unexpired term shall be elected
Paragraph II Duties It shall be the duty of the Solicitor General to represent the State in all cases in the Superior Courts of his Circuit and in all cases taken up from the Superior Courts of his Circuit to the Supreme Court and Court of Appeals and to perform such other services as shall be required of him by law
Section XII
Salaries of Justices Judges and Solicitors General
Paragraph I Salaries of Justices Judges and Solicitors General The Justices of the Supreme Court each shall have out of the treasury of the State salaries of 8000 per annum the Judges of the Court of Appeals each shall have out of the treasury of the State salaries of 8000 per annum the Judges of the Superior Courts each shall have out of the treasury of the State salaries of 6000 per annum and the Solicitors General shall each have out of the treasury of the State a salary of 25000 per annum with the right of the General Assembly to authorize any county to supplement the salary of a judge of the Superior Court and Solicitor General of the Judicial Circuit in which such county lies out of county funds provided however where such salary is at the time of the adoption of this Constitution being supplemented out of county funds under existing laws such laws shall remain in force until altered by the General Assembly Provided further that the Board of County Commissioners of Richmond County or the Ordinary or such other board or person as may from time to time have charge of the fiscal affairs of said county shall without further legislative action continue to supplement from said
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Countys treasury the salary of the Judge of Superior Court of the circuit of which the said County of Richmond is a part by the sum of Two Thousand 2000 Dollars per annum which shall be in addition to the amount received by said judge out of the State treasury and such payments are declared to be a part of the court expenses of said County and such payment shall be made to the judge now in office during his present or subsequent terms as well as to his successors with the authority in the General Assembly to increase such salary from the County treasury as above provided
Paragraph II Powers to abolish or reinstate fees of Solicitor General The General Assembly shall have power at any time bv a majority vote of each branch to abolish the fees at present accruing to the office of solicitor general in any particular judicial circuit and in lieu thereof to prescribe a salary for such office without regard to the uniformity of such salaries in the various circuits and shall have the further power to determine what disposition shall be made of the fines forfeitures and fees accruing to the office of solicitor general in any such judicial circuit where the fees are abolished and likewise shall have the further power if it so desires to abolish such salary and reestablish such fees but in either event when so changed the change shall not become effective until the end of the term to which the solicitor general was elected
Section XIII
Qualifications of Justices Judges Etc
Paragraph I Age citizenship practice of law No person shall be Justice of the Supreme Court Court of Appeals Judge of Superior Courts or Attorney General unless at the time of his election he shall have attained the age of thirty years
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and shall have been a citizen of the State three years and have practiced law for seven years and no person shall be hereafter elected Solicitor General unless at the time of his election he shall have attained twentyfive years of age shall have been a citizen of the State for three years and shall have practiced law for three years next preceding his election
Section XIV
Venue
Paragraph I Divorce cases Divorce cases shall be brought in the county where the defendant resides if a resident of this state if the defendant be not a resident of this state then in the county in which the plaintiff resides provided that any person who has been a resident of any United States Army Post or military reservation within the State of Georgia for one year next preceding the filing of the petition may bring an action for divorce in any county adjacent to said United States Army Post or military reservation
Paragraph II Land titles Cases respecting titles to land shall be tried in the county where the land lies except where a single tract is divided by a county line in which case the Superior Court of either county shall have jurisdiction
Paragraph III Equity cases Equity cases shall be tried in the county where a defendant resides against whom substantial relief is prayed
Paragraph IV Suits against joint obligors copartners etc Suits against joint obligors joint promissors copartners or joint trespassers residing in different counties may be tried in either county
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Paragraph V Suits against maker endorser tc Suits against the maker and endorser of promissory notes or drawer acceptor and endorser of foreign or inland bills of exchange or like instruments residing in different counties shall be brought in the county where the maker or acceptor resides
Paragraph VI All other cases All other civil cases shall be tried in the county where the defendant resides and all criminal cases shall be tried in the county where the crime was committed except cases in the Superior Courts where the Judge is satisfied that an impartial jury cannot be obtained in such county
Section XV
Change of Venue
Paragraph I Power to change venue The power to change the venue in civil and criminal cases shall be vested in the Superior Courts to be exercised in such manner as has been or shall be provided by law
Section XVI
Jury Trial
Paragraph I Right of trial by jury The right of trial by jury except where it is otherwise provided in this Constitution shall remain inviolate but the General Assembly may prescribe any number not less than five to constitute a trial or traverse jury except in the Superior Court
Paragraph II Selection of jurors The General Assembly shall provide by law for the selection of the most experienced
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intelligent and upright men to serve as grand jurors and intelligent and upright men to serve as traverse jurors Nevertheless the grand jurors shall be competent to serve as traverse jurors The General Assembly shall have the power to require jury service of women also under such regulations as the General Assembly may prescribe
Paragraph III Compensation of jurors It shall be the duty of the General Assembly by general laws to prescribe the manner of fixing compensation of jurors in all counties in this State
Section XVII
County Commissioners
Paragraph I Power to create County Commissioners The General Assembly shall have power to provide for the creation of county commissioners in such counties as may require them and to define their duties
Section XVIII
What Courts May Be Abolished
Paragraph I Power to abolish courts All courts not specially mentioned by name in the first section of this Article may be abolished in any county at the discretion of the General Assembly
Paragraph II Supreme Court cost Pauper oath The cost in the Supreme Court and Court of Appeals shall not exceed 1500 until otherwise provided by law Plaintiffs in error shall not be required to pay costs in said courts when the usual pauper oath is filed in the court below
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ARTICLE VII
Finance Taxation and Public Debt Section I
Power of Taxation
Paragraph I Taxation a sovereign right The right of taxation is a sovereign rightinalienable indestructibleis the life of the State and rightfully belongs to the people in all Republican governments and neither the General Assembly nor any nor all other departments of the Government established by this Constitution shall ever have the authority to irrevocably give grant limit or restrain this right and all laws grants contracts and all other acts whatsoever by said government or any department thereof to affect any of these purposes shall be and are hereby declared to be null and void for every purpose whatsoever and said right of taxation shall always be under the complete control of and revocable by the State notwithstanding any gift grant or contract whatsoever by the General Assembly
The power to tax corporations and corporate property shall not be surrendered or suspended by any contract or grant to which the State shall be a party
Paragraph II Taxing power limited
1 The General Assembly shall not by vote resolution or order grant any donation or gratuity in favor of any person corporation or association Provided however that the General Assembly is hereby authorized to provide by law for the payment of one hundred thousand dollars 10000000 to the first person firm partnership or corporation which puts down and brings in the first commercial oil well in the State of Georgia provided said commercial oil well shall be a well producing
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at least 250 barrels of oil per day as determined by State Geologist
2 The General Assembly shall not grant or authorize extra compensation to any public officer agent or contractor after the service has been rendered or the contract entered into
3 The levy of taxes on property for any one year by the General Assembly for all purposes except to provide for repelling invasions suppressing insurrections or defending the State in time of war shall not exceed onefourth mill on each dollar of the value of the property taxable in the State provided however that until some other method permitted by the laws of the United States for the taxation of national banking associations or corporations is enacted by the General Assembly for the taxation of the shares of stock of banking corporations and other monied capital coming into competition with such banking corporations such property may be taxed at a rate not exceeding five 5 mills on each dollar of the value thereof
4 No poll tax shall be levied to exceed one dollar annually upon each poll
5 That there is hereby created a board to be known as the State Medical Education Board to consist of five members one of whom shall be the President of Georgia Medical Association one of whom shall be the immediate past President of the Georgia Medical Association and three members to be appointed by the Governor who shall be qualified electors of the State of Georgia The members of the board shall hold office for a term of four years beginning on the first day of April 1 1953 and every four years thereafter the Governor shall appoint three members for a term of four years and shall appoint the President and the immediate Past President of the Georgia Medical Association pursuant to their position and office in those respective capacities Vacancies shall be filled by appointment of the Governor for the unexpired term
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The members of the Board shall serve without pay but shall be allowed 750 per day expenses and traveling expenses of five cents 5c per mile for attending meetings of the board or in traveling elsewhere in the discharge of their duties requiring their absence from their respective places of abode same to be paid upon the approval of the Chairman or ViceChairman of the board out of any funds made available to said board
The secretary of the board shall be whomsoever is serving as the secretary of the Board of Regents who shall keep the records and minutes of the proceedings of the board and who and whose compensation as secretary of this board shall not exceed the sum of 240000 per annum payable monthly The secretary shall prepare and countersign all checks vouchers and warrants drawn upon the funds of the board and the same shall be signed by the chairman of the board The secretary shall also be the treasurer of the board and shall keep and account for all the funds of the board and shall execute and file with the board a surety bond in the sum of 1000000 payable to the State of Georgia and conditioned upon the faithful performance of his duties and that he shall properly account for all funds coming into his hands as such secretary the premium on such bond to be paid out of the funds of the board He shall devote his full time to the duties of his office
The board may employ clerical assistance as is required and needed
The board shall elect a chairman and also a vicechairman to serve in the absence or inability of the chairman The board shall maintain an office at the Medical College of Georgia and shall meet at the said office or elsewhere at least once each quarter at such time as may be fixed by the board Special meetings shall be held upon call of the chairman Three members of the board shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business and the board shall keep full complete and permanent minutes and records of all its proceedings and actions
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It shall be the duty of the board to receive and pass upon allow or disallow all applications for loans or scholarships made by students who are bona fide citizens and residents of the State of Georgia and who desire to become doctors of medicine and who are acceptable for enrollment in a qualified fouryear medical school The purpose of such loans shall be to enable such applicants to obtain a standard fouryear medical education which will qualify them to become licensed practicing physicians within the State of Georgia It shall be the duty of the board to make a careful and full investigation of the ability character and qualifications of each applicant and determine his fitness to become the recipient of such loan or scholarship and for that purpose the board may propound such examination to each applicant which it deems proper and the said board may prescribe such rules and regulations as it deems necessary and proper to carry out the purpose and intention of this bill The investigation of the applicant shall include an investigation of the ability of the applicant or of the parents of such applicant to pay his own tuition at such a medical school and the board in granting such loans and scholarships shall give preference to qualified applicants who or whose parents are unable to pay the applicants tuition at such a medical school
The said board shall have authority to grant to each applicant deemed by the board to be qualified to receive the same a loan or scholarship for the purpose of acquiring a medical education as herein provided for upon such terms and conditions to be imposed by the board as provided for in this bill
Applicants who are granted loans or scholarships by the board shall receive a loan not to exceed 500000 to any one applicant to be paid in annual installments not exceeding 150000 per annum with which to defray his or her tuition and other expenses in any reputable accepted and accredited fouryear medical college or school in the United States or a scholarship in such medical college or school for a term not exceeding four years the cost of such scholarship not to exceed 500000 same to be paid at such time and in such manner as may be determined
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CONSTITUTION OF THE STATE OF GEORGIA Art 7 Sec 1 Par 2
by the board The loans and scholarships herein provided shall not exceed the sums herein stated but they may be prorated in such manner as to pay to the medical school to which any applicant is admitted such funds as are required by that school and the balance to be paid direct to the applicant all of which shall be under such terms and conditions as may be provided under rules and regulations of the board The said loans or scholarships to be granted to each applicant shall be based upon the condition that the full amount thereof shall be repaid to the State of Georgia in cash in full with 4 interest from the date of each payment by the state on such loan or scholarship same to be payable annually the first annual payment to be due on or before one year from the date the applicant completes his interneship or same may be repaid to the State of Georgia in services to be rendered by the applicant by practicing his profession at some place within the State of Georgia to be approved by the board Onefifth of the loan or scholarship together with interest thereon to be credited to the applicant for each year of practicing his profession in a community of 5000 population or less according to 1950 census and no annual interest on the scholarship loan shall be paid during such practice or service After the third full year of practice or services within this State as herein provided but not before the said applicant shall be privileged entirely at the discretion of the Board heretofore created to pay off the balance of the scholarship loan together with accrued interest thereon and upon such payment shall be relieved from further obligations under his contract for loan or scholarship
Each applicant before being granted a loan or scholarship shall enter into a contract with the State of Georgia agreeing to the terms and conditions upon which the loan or scholarship shall be granted to him which said contract shall include such terms and provisions as will carry out the full purpose and intent of this act and the form thereof shall be prepared and approved by the Attorney General of this State and shall be signed by the Chairman of the Board countersigned by the
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CONSTITUTION OF THE STATE OF GEORGIA Art 7 Sec 1 Par 2
Secretary and shall be signed by the applicant For the purposes of this act the disabilities of minority of all applicants granted loans or scholarships hereunder shall be and the same are hereby removed and the said applicants are declared to be of full lawful age for the purpose of entering into the contract hereinabove provided for and such contract so executed by any applicant is hereby declared to be a valid and binding contract the same as though the said applicant were of the full age of 21 years and upward The board is hereby vested with full and complete authority and power to sue in its own name any applicant for any balance due the board on any such contract
It shall be the duty of the board to contact and make inquiry of such of the fouryear medical colleges and schools as herein provided as it deems proper and make such arrangements and enter into such contracts within the limitations as to cost as herein provided for the admission of students granted loans or scholarships by the board such contracts to be approved by the attorney general of this state and the money obligations u conract as made by the board with any such colleges shall be paid for out of funds to be provided by law for such purposes and all students granted loans or scholarships shall attend a medical school with which the board has entered into a contract or any accredited fouryear medical school or college m which said applicant may obtain admission and which is approved by the Board
The board shall have authority to cancel any contract made between it and any applicant for loans or scholarships upon cause deemed sufficient by the board And the board shall have authority to cancel such contracts which it may lawfully cancel made with any of the colleges or schools as herein provided
All payments of funds for loans or scholarships hereunder shall be made by requisition of the board signed by the chairman and the secretary directed to the auditor of public accounts who shall thereupon issue a warrant on the treasury of the
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CONSTITUTION OF THE STATE OF GEORGIA Art 7 Sec 1 Par 2
State of Georgia for the amount fixed in the requisition and payable to the person designated thereon which said warrant upon presentation shall be paid by the treasurer out of any funds appropriated by the Legislature for the purposes provided for under this act
All funds made available to the board by act of the Legislature for the purpose of defraying expenses of the board and the salaries of its secretary and employees shall be paid over and received by the treasurer of this board and by him deposited in some solvent bank within the State of Georgia selected by the board and such funds may be drawn and expended by check or warrant signed by the chairman and attested by the secretary
The board shall make a biennial report to the Legislature at each session thereof of its activities loans or scholarships granted names of persons to whom granted and the institution attended by those receiving the same the location of the applicants who have received their education and become licensed physicians and surgeons within this State as a result of the said loans andor scholarships and where they are practicing and shall make a full report of all of its expenditures for salaries and expenses incurred hereunder
It is the purpose and intent of this bill to bring about an adequate supply of doctors of medicine in the more sparsely populated areas of the State of Georgia by increasing the number of medical students from Georgia in the various medical schools and inducing a sufficient number of the graduates from medical schools to return to Georgia and practice their profession thus affording adequate medical care to the people of Georgia
Paragraph III Uniformity classification of property All taxes shall be levied and collected under general laws and for public purposes only All taxation shall be uniform upon the same class of subjects within the territorial limits of the authority levying the tax Classes of subjects for taxation of property shall consist of tangible property and one or more
CONSTITUTION OF THE STATE OF GEORGIA Art 7 Sec 1 Par 3
classes of intangible personal property including money The General Assembly shall have the power to classify property including money for taxation and to adopt different rates and different methods for different classes of such property
Paragraph IV Exemptions from taxation The General Assembly may by law exempt from taxation all public property places of religious worship or burial all institutions of purely public charity all intangible personal property owned by or irrevocably held in trust for the exclusive benefit of religious educational and charitable institutions no part of the net profit from the operation of which can inure to the benefit of any private person all buildings erected for and used as a college incorporated academy or other seminary of learning and also all funds or property held or used as endowment by such colleges incorporated academies or seminaries of learning provided the same is not invested in real estate and provided further that said exemptions shall only apply to such colleges incorporated academies or other seminaries of learning as are open to the general public provided further that all endowments to institutions established for white people shall be limited to white people and all endowments to institutions established for colored people shall be limited to colored people the real and personal estate of any public library and that of any other literary association used by or connected with such library all books and philosophical apparatus and all paintings and statuary of any company or association kept in a public hall and not held as merchandise or for purposes of sale or gain provided the property so exempted be not used for the purpose of private or corporate profit and income distributable to shareholders in corporations owning such property or to other owners of such property and any income from such property is used exclusively for religious educational and charitable purposes or for either one or more of such purposes and for the purpose of maintaining and operating such institution this exemption shall not apply to real estate or buildings other than those used for the operation of such institution and
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CONSTITUTION OF THE STATE OF GEORGIA Art 7 Sec 1 Par 4
which is rented leased or otherwise used for the primary purpose of securing an income thereon and also provided that such donations of property shall not be predicated upon an agreement contract or otherwise that the donor or donors shall receive or retain any part of the net or gross income of the property The General Assembly shall further have power to exempt from taxation farm products including baled cotton grown in this State and remaining in the hands of the producer but not longer than for the year next after their production
All personal clothing household and kitchen furniture personal property used and included within the home domestic animals and tools and implements of trade of manual laborers but not including motor vehicles are exempted from all State County Municipal and School District ad valorem taxes in an amount not to exceed 30000 in actual value
The homestead of each resident of Georgia actually occupied by the owner as a residence and homestead and only so long as actually occupied by the owner primarily as such but not to exceed 200000 of its value is hereby exempted from all ad valorem taxation for State county and school purposes except taxes levied by municipalities for school purposes and except to pay interest on and retire bonded indebtedness provided however should the owner of a dwelling house on a farm who is already entitled to homestead exemption participate in the program of rural housing and obtain a new house under contract with the local housing authority he shall be entitled to receive the same homestead exemption as allowed before making such contract The General Assembly may from time to time lower said exemption to not less than 125000 The value of all property in excess of the foregoing exemptions shall remain subject to taxation Said exemptions shall be returned and claimed in such manner as prescribed by the General Assembly The exemption herein provided for shall not apply to taxes levied by municipalities
All cooperative nonprofit membership corporations or
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CONSTITUTION OF THE STATE OF GEORGIA Art 7 Sec 1 Par 4
ganized under the laws of this State for the purpose of engaging in rural electrification as defined in subsection 1 of Section 3 of the Act approved March 30 1937 providing for their incorporation and all of the real and personal property owned or held by such corporations for such purpose are hereby exempted from all taxation state county municipal school district and political or territorial subdivisions of the State having the authority to levy taxes The exemption herein provided for shall expire December 31 1961
There shall be exempt from all ad valorem intangible taxes in this State the common voting stock of a subsidiary corporation not doing business in this State if at least ninety per cent of such common voting stock is owned by a Georgia corporation with its principal place of business located in this State and was acquired or is held for the purpose of enabling the parent company to carry on some part of its established line of business through such subsidiary
All laws exempting property from taxation other than the property herein enumerated shall be void
The Legislature may exempt from taxation intangible personal property owned by a trust forming a part of a pension profit sharing or stock bonus plan if such trust is exempt from federal income tax under Section 165 a of the Federal Internal Revenue Code Existing laws exempting such property from taxation are hereby ratified
Paragraph V Exemptions of certain industries continued Existing exemptions under the amendment to the Constitution providing for the exemption of certain industries from taxation appearing in Acts of the General Assembly of 1923 extra session page 67 ratified November 4 1924 shall continue of force until the expiration of the term for which granted
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CONSTITUTION OF THE STATE OF GEORGIA Art 7 Sec 2 Par 1
Section II
Purposes and Method of Taxation
Paragraph I Taxation how and for what purposes exercised The powers of taxation over the whole State shall be exercised by the General Assembly for the following purposes only
1 For the support of the State Government and the public institutions
2 For educational purposes
3 To pay the principal and the interest on the public debt and to provide a sinking fund therefor
4 To suppress insurrections to repel invasion and defend the State in time of war
5 To make provision for the payment of pensions to exConfederate soldiers and to the widows of Confederate soldiers who are unmarried
6 To construct and maintain State buildings and a system of State highways airports and docks
7 To make provision for the payment of oldage assistance to aged persons in need and for the payment of assistance to the needy blind and to dependent children and other welfare benefits provided that no person shall be entitled to the assistance herein authorized who does not qualify for such provisions in every respect in accordance with enactments of the General Assembly which may be in force and effect prescribing the qualifications for beneficiaries hereunder Provided no indebtedness against the State shall ever be created for the purpose herein stated in excess of the taxes lawfully levied each fiscal year under Acts of the General Assembly authorized hereunder for such purposes
a In order to extend to the employees of the State any department of the State any State institution or political subdivi
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CONSTITUTION OF THE STATE OF GEORGIA ArtSec 2 Par 1
sions of the State and to the dependents and survivors of such employees the basic protection accorded others by the Old Age
ActVJ Act 5Sprance Prgram embodied under the Social Security S Act Congress approved August 14 1935 49 Stat 620 officially cited as the Social Security Act asSuChAct has een and may from time to time be amended and the Federal
offiK ATCt as set forth n SubChapter6 Aof
Chapter 9 of the Federal Internal Revenue Code as such Code
has been and may from time to time be amended the General Assembly is authorized to enact such legislation as may be
deplrtmJntVf1 the6 covera employees of the Stateany
tate any State institution or political subdivisions of the State and the dependents and survivors of such employees under said Social Security Act as the samelas been
Aetma7thee SgBLl the Ped4 IraConWbuS
vision tiff r hafLbfn or may be amended and any pro
onofhiLSfnfS1t10n anding the State for and on penail ot itseli its departments institutions or Dolitical nh
FSeraSecuritAd010 enter into agreements with the of the TJnftPd iLfAd niniStrator or other appropriate official
tte Gener AsSfy if of
Ifrrs I3 karsts
t0Mth withdsMh0nfortihiS provision of the State Confutation
after prodded bylaw PWCrS dUtieS aS be here
0 averse and promote the agricultural industrial Georgia recrea10na ani natural resources of the State of
9 For public health purposes
Paragraph II Teacher retirement systemtaxation for The powers of taxation may be exercised by the State through the
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CONSTITUTION OF THE STATE OF GEORGIA Art 7 See 2 Par 2
General Assembly and by counties and municipalities for the purpose of paying pensions and other benefits and costs under a teacher retirement system or systems provided no indebtedness against the State shall ever be created for the purpose herein stated in excess of the taxes lawfully levied each fiscal year under Acts of the General Assembly authorized hereunder
Paragraph III Revenue to be paid into general fund All money collected from taxes fees and assessments for State purposes as authorized by revenue measures enacted by the General Assembly shall be paid into the General Fund of the State Treasury and shall be appropriated therefrom as required by this Constitution for the purposes set out in this Section and for these purposes only
Paragraph IV Tax returns of public utilities The General Assembly may provide for a different method and time of returns assessments payment and collection of ad valorem taxes of public utilities but not at a greater basis of value or at a higher rate of taxation than other properties
Section III
State Debt
Paragraph I Purposes for which contracted No debt shall be contracted by or on behalf of the State except to supply such temporary deficit as may exist in the treasury in any year for necessary delay in collecting the taxes of that year to repel invasion suppress insurrection and defend the State in time of war or to pay the existing public debt but the debt created to supply deficiencies in revenue shall not exceed in the aggregate five hundred thousand dollars and any loan made for this purpose shall be repaid out of the taxes levied for the year in which the loan is made However said debt may be increased in the sum of three million five hundred
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CONSTITUTION OF THE STATE OF GEORGIA Art 7 Sec 3 Par 1
thousand dollars for the payment of the public school teachers of the State only The principal amount borrowed for payment of teachers shall be repaid each year out of the common school appropriation and the interest paid thereon shall be paid each year out of the general funds of the State
Paragraph II Bonded debt increased when The bonded debt of the State shall never be increased except to repel invasion suppress insurrection or defend the State in time of war
Paragraph III Form of laws to borrow money All laws authorizing the borrowing of money by or on behalf of the State shall specify the purpose for which the money is to be used and the money so obtained shall be used for the purpose specified and for no other
Paragraph IV State aid forbidden The credit of the State shall not be pledged or loaned to any individual company corporation or association and the State shall not become a joint owner or stockholder in or with any individual company association or corporation
Paragraph V Assumption of debts forbidden The State shall not assume the debt nor any part thereof of any county municipal corporation or political subdivision of the State unless such debt be contracted to enable the State to repel invasion suppress insurrection or defend itself in time of war Provided however that the amendment to the Constitution proposed by the General Assembly and set forth in the published Acts of the General Assembly of the year 1931 at page 97 which amendment was ratified on November 8 1932 and which amendment provided for the assumption by the State of indebtedness of the several counties of the State as well as that of the Coastal Highway District and the assessments made against the counties of said district for the construction and paving of the public roads or highways including bridges of the State under certain conditions and for the issuance of
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CONSTITUTION OF THE STATE OF GEORGIA Art 7 Sec 3 Par 5
certificates of indebtedness for such indebtedness so assumed is continued of full force and effect until such indebtedness assumed by the State is paid and such certificates of indebtedness retired
Paragraph VI Profit on public money The receiving directly or indirectly by any officer of State or county or member or officer of the General Assembly of any interest profits or perquisites arising from the use or loan of public funds in his hands or moneys to be raised through his agency for State or county purposes shall be deemed a felony and punishable as may be prescribed by law a part of which punishment shall be a disqualification from holding office
Paragraph VII Certain bonds not to be paid The General Assembly shall have no authority to appropriate money either directly or indirectly to pay whole or any part of the principal or interest of the bonds or other obligations which have been pronounced illegal null and void by the General Assembly and the Constitutional amendments ratified by a vote of the people on the first day of May 1877 nor shall the General Assembly have authority to pay any of the obligations created by the State under laws passed during the late war between the States nor any of the bonds notes or obligations made and entered into during the existence of said war the time for the payment of which was fixed after the ratification of a treaty of peace between the United States and the Confederate States nor shall the General Assembly pass any law or the Governor or any other State official enter into any contract or agreement whereby the State shall be made a party to any suit in any court of this State or of the United States instituted to test the validity of any such bonds or obligations
Paragraph VIII Sale of States property to pay bonded debt The proceeds of the sale of the Western and Atlantic Railroad and any other property owned by the State whenever the General Assembly may authorize the sale of the whole or
299
CONSTITUTION OP THE STATE OF GEORGIA Art 7 Sec 3 Par 8
p eo ke applied to the payment of the bonded
debt of the State and shall not be used for any other purpose whatsoever so long as the State has any existing bonded debt provided that the proceeds of the sale of the Western and Atlantic Railroad shall be applied to the payment of the bonds for which said railroad has been mortgaged in preference to all other bonds
Paragraph IX State sinking fund The General Assembly shall raise by taxation each year in addition to the sum required to pay the public expenses such amounts as are necessary to pay the interest on the public debt and the principal of the public debt maturing in such year and to provide a sinking fund to pay off and retire the bonds of the State which have not then matured The amount of such annual levy shall be determined after consideration of the amount then held in the sinking fund The taxes levied for such purposes and the said sinking fund shall be applied to no other purpose whatfxferi je the said sinking fund may be invested in
the bonds of the State and also in bonds and securities issued by the Federal Government and subsidiaries of the Federal Government fully guaranteed by that government If the said bonds are not available for purchase the funds in the sinking fund may be loaned by the Treasurer of the State with the approval of the Governor upon terms to be fixed by such officials and when amply secured by bonds of the State or Federal Government
Section IV Taxation by Counties
Paragraph I Taxing power of counties The General Assembly shall not have power to delegate to any county the right to levy a tax for any purpose except
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CONSTITUTION OF THE STATE OF GEORGIA Art 7 Sec 4 Par 1
1 To pay the expenses of administration of the county government
2 To pay the principal and interest of any debt of the county and to provide a sinking fund therefor
3 For educational purposes upon property located outside of independent school systems as provided in Article 8 of this Constitution
4 To build and repair the public buildings and bridges
5 To pay the expenses of courts the maintenance and support of prisoners and to pay sheriffs and coroners and for litigation
6 To build and maintain a system of county roads
7 For public health purposes in said county and for the collection and preservation of records of vital statistics
8 To pay county police
9 To support paupers
10 To pay county agricultural and home demonstration agents
11 To provide for payment of old age assistance to aged persons in need and for the payment of assistance to needy blind and to dependent children and other welfare benefits provided that no person shall be entitled to the assistance herein authorized who does not qualify for such assistance in every respect in accordance with enactments of the General Assembly which may be in force and effect prescribing the qualifications for beneficiaries hereunder provided no indebtedness or liability against the county shall ever be created for the purpose herein stated in excess of the taxes lawfully levied each
301
CONSTITUTION OF THE STATE OF GEORGIA Art 7 Sec 4 Par 1
Underu acts of the General Assembly authorized hereunder for such purposes
12 To provide for fire protection of forest lands and for the further conservation of natural resources
Provide medical or other care and hospitalization
for the indigent sick people of the county
To acquire improve and maintain airports public parks and public libraries
15 To provide for workmens compensation and retirement or pension funds for officers and employees
16 To provide reasonable reserves for public improvements as may be fixed by law
Paragraph II Districting of counties The General Assembly may district the territory of any county outside the limits of incorporated municipalities for the purpose of providing systems of waterworks sewerage sanitation and fire protection and authorize such counties to levy a tax only upon the taxable property in such district for the purpose of constructing and maintaining such improvement
Section V
Paragraph I Taxing power and contributions of counties cities and political division restricted The General Assembly snail not authorize any county municipal corporation or political division of this State through taxation contribution or otherwise to become a stockholder in any company corporation or association or to appropriate money for or to loan its toany corporation company association institution or individual except for purely charitable purposes This restric
302
CONSTITUTION OF THE STATE OF GEORGIA Art 7 Sec 5 Par 1
tion shall not operate to prevent the support of schools by municipal corporations within their respective limits
Section VI
Paragraph I Contracts for use of public facilities a The State state institutions any city town municipality or county of this State may contract for any period not exceeding fifty years with each other or with any public agency public corporation or authority now or hereafter created for the use by such subdivisions or the residents thereof of any facilities or services of the State state institutions any city town municipality county public agency public corporation or authority provided such contracts shall deal with such activities and transactions as such subdivisions are by law authorized to undertake
b Any city town municipality or county of this State is empowered in connection with any contracts authorized by the preceding paragraph to convey to any public agency public corporation or authority now or hereafter created existing facilities operated by such city town municipality or county for the benefit of residents of such subdivisions provided the land buildings and equipment so conveyed shall not be mortgaged or pledged to secure obligations of any such public agency public corporation or authority and provided such facilities are to be maintained and operated by such public agency public corporation or authority for the same purposes for which such facilities were operated by such city town municipality or county Nothing in this section shall restrict the pledging of revenues of such facilities by any public agency public corporation or authority
c Any city town municipality or county of this State or any combination of the same may contract with any public agency public corporation or authority for the care maintenance and hospitalization of its indigent sick and may as a
303
CONSTITUTION OP THE STATE OF GEORGIA Art 7 Sec 6 Par 1
part of such contract obligate itself to pay for the cost of acquisition construction modernization or repairs of necessary buildings and facilities by such public agency public corporation or authority and provide for the payment of such services and the cost to such public agency public corporations or authority of acquisition construction modernization or repair of buildings and facilities from revenues realized by such city town municipality or county from any taxes authorized by the Constitution of this State or revenues derived from any other sources
Section VII
Limitation on County and Municipal Debts
Paragraph I Debts of counties and cities The debt hereafter incurred by any county municipal corporation or political division of this State except as in this Constitution provided for shall never exceed seven per centum of the assessed value of all the taxable property therein and no such county municipality or division shall incur any new debt except for a temporary loan or loans to supply casual dficiences of revenue not to exceed onefifth of one per centum of the assessed value of the taxable property therein without the assent of a majority of the qualified voters of the county municipality or other political subdivision voting in an election for that purpose to be held as prescribed by law and provided further that all laws charter provisions and ordinances heretofore passed or enacted providing special registration of the voters of counties municipal corporations and other political divisions of this State to pass upon the issuance of bonds by such counties municipal corporations and other political divisions are hereby declared to be null and void and the General Assembly shall hereafter have no power to pass or enact any law providing for such special registration but the validity of any and all bond
CONSTITUTION OF THE STATE OF GEORGIA Art 7 Sec 7 Par 1
issues by such counties municipal corporations or other political divisions made prior to January 1 1945 shall not be affected hereby provided that any county or municipality of this State may accept and use funds granted by the Federal Government or any agency thereof to aid in financing the cost of architectural engineering economic investigations studies surveys designs plans working drawings specifications procedures and other action preliminary to the construction of public works and where the funds so used for the purposes specified are to be repaid within a period of ten years
Paragraph II Levy of taxes to pay bonds Any county municipal corporation or political division of this State which shall incur any bonded indebtedness under the provisions of this Constitution shall at or before the time of so doing provide for the assessment and collection of an annual tax sufficient in amount to pay the principal and interest of said debt within thirty years from the date of the incurring of said indebtedness
Paragraph III Additional debt authorized when In addition to the debt authorized in Paragraph I of this section to be created by any county municipal corporation or political subdivision of this State a debt may be incurred by any county municipal corporation or political subdivision of this State in excess of seven per centum of the assessed value of all the taxable property therein upon the following conditions Such additional debt whether incurred at one or more times shall not exceed in the aggregate three per centum of the assessed value of all the taxable property in such county municipality or political subdivision such additional debt shall be payable in equal installments within the five years next succeeding the issuance of the evidences of such debt there shall be levied by the governing authorities of such county municipality or political subdivision prior to the issuance of such additional debt a tax upon all of the taxable property within such county municipality or political subdivision collectible annually suf
305
CONSTITUTION OP THE STATE OF GEORGIA Art 7 Sec 7 Par 3
ficient to pay in full the principal and interest of such additional debt when as due such tax shall be in addition to and separate from all other taxes levied by such taxing authorities and the collections from such tax shall be kept separate and shall be held used and applied solely for the payment of the principal and interest of such additional indebtedness authority to create such additional indebtedness shall first have been authorized by the General Assembly the creation of such additional indebtedness shall have been firstauthorized by a vote of the registered voters of such county municipality or political subdivision at an election held for such purpose pursuant to and in accordance with the provisions of this Constitution and of the then existing laws for the creation of a debt by counties municipal corporations and political subdivisions of this State all of which provisions including those for calling advertising holding and determining the result of such election and the votes necessary to authorize the creation of an indebtedness are hereby made applicable to an election held for the purpose of authorizing such additional indebtedness
Paragraph IV In addition to the obligations hereinbefore allowed each county municipality political subdivision of the State authorized to levy taxes and county board of education is given the authority to make temporary loans between January 1st and December 31st in each year to pay expenses for such year upon the following conditions The aggregate amount of all such loans of such county municipality political subdivision or county Board of Education outstanding at any one time shall not exceed 75 of the total gross income of such county municipality political subdivision or county Board of Education from taxes collected by such county municipality political subdivision or County Board of Education in the last preceding year Such loans shall be payable on or before December 31st of the calendar year in which such loan is made No loan may be made in any year under the provisions of this paragraph when there is a loan then unpaid which was made in a prior year under the provisions of this paragraph Each
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CONSTITUTION OF THE STATE OF GEORGIA Art 7 Sec 7 Par 4
such loan shall be first authorized by resolution fixing the terms of such loan adopted by a majority vote of the governing body of such county city political subdivision or county Board of Education at a meeting legally held and such resolution shall appear upon the minutes of such meeting No such county municipality subdivision or county Board of Education shall incur in any one calendar year an aggregate of such temporary loans and other contracts or obligations for current expenses in excess of the total anticipated revenue of such county municipality subdivision or county board of education for such calendar year or issue in one calendar year notes warrants or other evidences of such indebtedness in a total amount in excess of such anticipated revenue for such year
Paragraph V Revenue anticipation obligations Revenue anticipation obligations may be issued by any county municipal Corporation or political subdivision of this State jto provide funds for the purchase or construction in whole or in part of any revenueproducing facility which such county municipal corporation or political subdivision is authorized by the Act of the General Assembly approved March 31st 1937 known as the The Revenue Certificate Laws of 1937 as amended by the Act approved March 14 1939 to construct and operate or to provide funds to extend repair or improve any such existing facility and to buy construct extend operate and maintain gas or electric generating and distribution systems together with all necessary appurtenances thereof Such revenue anticipation obligations shall be payable as to principal and interest only from revenue produced by revenueproducing facilities of the issuing political subdivision and shall not be deemed debts of or to create debts against the issuing political subdivisions within the meaning of this paragraph or any other of this Constitution This authority shall apply only to revenue anticipation obligations issued to provide funds for the purchase construction extension repair or improvement of such facilities and undertakings as are specifically authorized and enumerated by said Act of 1937 as amended by said Act of
307
CONSTITUTION OF THE STATE OF GEORGIA Art 7 Sec 7 Par 5
1939 and to buy construct extend operate and maintain gas or electric generating and distribution systems together with all necessary appurtenances thereof provided further any revenue certificates issued to buy construct extend operate and maintain gas or electric generating and distribution systems shall before being undertaken be authorized by a majority of those voting at an election held for the purpose in the county municipal corporation or political subdivision affected and provided further that a majority of the registered voters of such county municipal corporation or political subdivision affected shall vote in said election the election for such to be held in the same manner as is used in issuing bonds of such county municipal corporation or political subdivision and the said elections shall be called and provided for by officers in charge of the fiscal affairs of said county municipal corporation or political subdivision affected and no such issuing political subdivision of the State shall exercise the power of taxation for the purpose of paying the principal or interest of any such revenue anticipation obligations or any part thereof
Provided that after a favorable lection has been held as set forth above if municipalities counties or other political subdivisions shall purchase construct or operate such electric or gas utility plants from the proceeds of said revenue certificates and extend their services beyond the limits of the county in which the municipality or political subdivision is located then its services rendered and property located outside said county shall be subject to taxation and regulation as are privately owned and operated utilities
Paragraph VI Refunding bonds The General Assembly is hereby authorized to create a commission and to vest such commission with the power to secure all necessary information and to approve or disapprove the issuance of bonds for the purpose of refunding any bonded indebtedness of any county municipality or political subdivision of this State issued prior to the adoption of this Constitution including the authority to
308
CONSTITUTION OF THE STATE OF GEORGIA Art 7 Sec 7 Par 6
approve or disapprove the amount and terms of such refunding bonds together with such other powers as to the General Assembly may seem proper but not in conflict with the provisions of the Constitution Such refunding bonds shall be authorized only where such county municipality or political subdivision has not the funds available to meet the payment of outstanding bonded indebtedness through failure to levy and collect the required taxes or through failure to maintain the required sinking fund for such bonds The General Assembly may approve the issuance of the said refunding bonds under the conditions stated Such refunding bonds shall not together with all other outstanding bonded indebtedness exceed the limits fixed by this Constitution for the maximum amount of bonded indebtedness which may be issued by such county municipality or political subdivision and shall be otherwise governed by all of the terms and provisions of this Constitution No bonds shall be issued under this paragraph to refund any bonds issued after the adoption of this Constitution
Paragraph VII Refunding bonds to reduce bonded indebtedness The General Assembly is further authorized to give to the said Commission the power and authority to approve or disapprove the issuance of bonds to refund any outstanding bonded indebtedness of any county municipality or political subdivision now or hereafter issued for the purpose of reducing the amount payable principal or interest on such bonded indebtedness and upon the conditions that the issuance of such refunding bonds will reduce the amounts payable upon such outstanding bonds principal or interest Such refunding bonds shall replace such outstanding bonded indebtedness The said Commission shall have the authority to approve or disapprove the terms of any such proposed refunding bonds The General Assembly may authorize the issuance of such refunding bonds issued for the said purpose when approved by the said Commission and authorized by the governing authority of such county municipality or subdivision without an election by the qualified voters as otherwise required but in all other respects such refunding bonds shall comply with the provisions of this Constitution
CONSTITUTION OF THE STATE OF GEORGIA Art 7 Sec 8 Par 1
Section VIII
Paragraph I Sinking funds for bonds All amounts collected from any source for the purpose of paying the principal and interest of any bonded indebtedness of any county municipality or subdivision and to provide for the retirement of such bonded indebtedness above the amount needed to pay the principal and interest on such bonded indebtedness due in the year of such collection shall be placed in a sinking fund to be held and used to pay off the principal and interest of such bonded indebtedness thereafter maturing
The funds in such sinking fund shall be kept separate and apart from all other moneys of such county municipalityor subdivision and shall be used for no purpose othari than that above stated The moneys in such sinking fund may be invested and reinvested by the governing authorities of such county municipality or subdivision or by such other authority as has been created to hold and manage such sinking fund in the bonds of such county municipality or subdivision and in bonds or obligations of the State of Georgia of the counties and cities thereof and of the government of tbe United States of subsidiary corporations of the Federal Government fully guaranteed by such government and no other Any person or persons violating the above provisions shall be guilty of malpractice in office and shall also be guilty of misdemeanor and shall be punished when convicted as prescribed by law for the punishment of misdemeanors until the General Assembly shall make other provisions for the violation of the terms of this paragraph
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CONSTITUTION OP THE STATE OF GEORGIA Art 7 Sec 9 Par 1
Section IX Appropriation Control
Paragraph I Preparation and submission of General Appropriation Bill The Governor shall submit to the General Assembly within fifteen days after its organization a budget message accompanied by a draft of a General Appropriation Bill which shall provide for the appropriation of the funds necessary to operate all the various departments and agencies and to meet the current expenses of the State for the ensuing fiscal year
Paragraph II Continuation of General Appropriation Act Each General Appropriation Act with such amendments as are adopted from time to time shall continue in force and effect for each fiscal year thereafter until repealed or another General Appropriation Act is adopted provided however that each section of the General Appropriation Act in force and effect on the date of the adoption of this Constitution of general application and pertaining to the administration limitation and restriction on the payment of appropriations and each section providing for appropriation of Federal Grants and other continuing appropriations and adjustments on appropriations shall remain in force and effect until specifically and separately repealed by the General Assembly
Paragraph III Other or supplementary appropriations In addition to the appropriations made by the General Appropriation Act and amendments thereto the General Assembly may make additional appropriations by Acts which shall be known as supplementary appropriation Acts provided no such supplementary appropriation shall be available unless there is an unappropriated surplus in the State Treasury or the revenue necessary to pay such appropriation shall have been provided
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CONSTITUTION OF THE STATE OF GEORGIA Art 7 Sec 9 Par 3
by a tax laid for such purpose and collected into the General Fund of the State Treasury Neither House shall pass a Supplementary Appropriation Bill until the General Appropriation Act shall have been finally adopted by both Houses and approved by the Governor
Paragraph IV Appropriations to be for specific sums a The appropriation for each department officer bureau board commission agency or institution for which appropriation is made shall be for a specific sum of money and no appropriation shall allocate to any object the proceeds of any particular tax or fund or a part of percentage thereof
b To defray the cost of all activities incident to providing and maintaining an adequate system of public roads and bridges in this State as authorized by laws enacted by the General Assembly of Georgia and for grants to counties for aid in county road construction and maintenance as provided by law authorizing the State treasury to make such grants the General Assembly of Georgia shall in each General Appropriation Act make the aggregate of the fixed appropriations for highway purposes an amount not less than the total Motor Fuel and Motor Vehicle License taxes received by the State Treasury for the immediately preceding fiscal year less the amount of refunds rebates and collection costs authorized by law The expenditure of the appropriations made in conformity with this provision shall be subject to all the rules regulations and restrictions imposed on the expenditure of appropriations by provisions of this State Constitution and other laws enacted by the General Assembly Said funds are hereby allocated to the Highway Department and shall be utilized for highway improvement including construction and maintenance In the event of a general war in which the United States of America is involved said funds shall be held to the credit of the State Highway Department until such time as the road building pro
312
CONSTITUTION OF THE STATE OF GEORGIA Art 7 Sec 9 Par 4
gram can be continued and materials obtained for said purpose During any such period of time all the funds which cannot be used for highway purposes shall be invested in bonds of the United States of America or securities the payment of the principal and interest of said securities being guaranteed by the United States of America In the event of invasion of this state by land sea or air said funds may be utilized on the executive order of the Governor for defense purposes
Paragraph V Appropriations void when Any appropriation made in conflict with either of the foregoing provisions shall be void
Section X
Paragraph I Existing amendments continued of force Amendments to the Constitution of the State of Georgia of 1877 in effect at the date of the ratification by the voters of the State of this Constitution shall continue of full force and effect after the ratification of this Constitution where such amendments are of merely local and not general application including the amendments pertaining to the Coastal Highway District of this State There is also continued under this provision in force and effect amendments to the Constitution of 1877 applicable to counties and cities having a population in excess of a number stated in such amendments and amendments applicable to counties having a city wholly or partly therein with a population in excess of or not less than a number stated in such amendment and amendments applicable to cities lying in two counties where such amendments are m force and effect at the time of the ratification of this Constitution Provided the amendment of Paragraph I of Section II of Article XI of the Constitution of 1877 proposed by Georgia
313
CONSTITUTION OF THE STATE OF GEORGIA Art 7 Sec 10 Par 1
Laws 1943 page 53 and ratified August 3 1943 authorizing election by the people of the County Board of Education of bpaidmg County prescribing rules of eligibility of members of the Board providing for election by the Board of the County Superintendent of Schools shall not be continued of force
ARTICLE VIII
Education
Section I
Paragraph I System of common schools free tuition separation of races The provision of an adequate education for the citizens shall be a primary obligation of the State of Georgia the expense of which shall be provided for by taxation Separate schools shall be provided for the white and colored races
Section II
Pr5aph f State Board of Education method of appointment There shall be a State Board of Education composed of 0enmumber iromeach Congressional District in the State who shall be appointed by the Governor by and with the advice and consent of the Senate The Governor shall not be a member of the State Board of Education The first State Board of Education under this Constitution shall consist of those in office at the time this Constitution is adopted with the terms provided by law Thereafter all succeeding appointments shall be for seven year terms from the expiration of the previous term Vacancies upon said Board caused by expiration of term of office shall be similarly filled by appointment and confirmation
314
CONSTITUTION OP THE STATE OF GEORGIA Art 8 Sec 2 Par 1
In case of a vacancy on said Board by death resignation or from any other cause other than the expiration of such members term of office the Board shall by secret ballot elect his successor who shall hold office until the end of the next session of the General Assembly or if the General Assembly be then in session to the end of that session During such session of the General Assembly the Governor shall appoint the successor member of the Board for the unexpired term and shall submit his name to the Senate for confirmation All members of the Board shall hold office until their successors are appointed and qualified The members of the State Board of Education shall be citizens of this State who shall have resided in Georgia continuously for at least five years preceding their appointment No person employed in a professional capacity by a private or public education institution or by the State Department of Education shall be eligible for appointment or to serve on said Board No person who is or has been connected with or employed by a school book publishing concern shall be eligible to membership on the Board and if any person shall be so connected or employed after becoming a member of the Board his place shall immediately become vacant The said State Board of Education shall have such powers and duties as provided by law and existing at the time of the adoption of this Constitution together with such further powers and duties as may be hereafter provided by law
Section III
Paragraph I State School Superintendent election term et There shall be a State School Superintendent who shall be the executive officer of the State Board of Education elected at the same time and in the same manner and for the same term as that of the Governor The State School Superintendent shall have such qualifications and shall be paid such compensation as may be fixed by law No member of said Board shall be eligible for election as State School Superintendent during the time for which he shall have been appointed
315
CONSTITUTION OP THE STATE OP GEORGIA Art 8 Sec 4 Par 1
Section IV
Paragraph I University System of Georgia Board of Regents There shall be a Board of Regents of the University System of Georgia and the government control and management of the University System of Georgia and all of its institutions in said system shall be vested in said Board of Regents of the University System of Georgia Said Board of Regents of the University System of Georgia shall consist of one member from each Congressional District in the State and five additional members from the StateatLarge appointed by the Governor and confirmed by the Senate The Governor shall not be a member of the said Board The first Board of Regents under this Constitution shall consist of those in office at the time this Constitution is adopted with the terms provided by law Thereafter all succeeding appointments shall be for seven year terms from the expiration of the previous term Vacancies upon said Board caused by expiration of term of office shall be similarly filled by appointment and confirmation In case of a vacancy on said Board by death resignation of a member or from any other cause other than the expiration of such members term of office the Board shall by secret ballot elect his successor who shall hold office until the end of the next session of the General Assembly or if the General Assembly be then in session to the end of that session During such session of the General Assembly the Governor shall appoint the successor member of the Board for the unexpired term and shall submit his name to the Senate for confirmation All members of the Board of Regents shall hold office until their successors are appointed The said Board of Regents of the University System of Georgia shall have the powers and duties as provided by law existing at the time of the adoption of this Constitution together with such further powers and duties as may be hereafter provided by law
316
CONSTITUTION OF THE STATE OF GEORGIA Art 8 Sec 5 Par 1
Section V
Paragraph I County System Board of Education election term etc Authority is granted to Counties to establish and maintain public schools within their limits Each County exclusive of any independent school system now in existence in a County shall compose one school district and shall be confined to the control and management of a County Board of Education The Grand Jury of each County shall select from the citizens of their respective Counties five freeholders who shall constitute the County Board of Education Said member shall be elected for the term of five years except that the first election of Board members under this Constitution shall be for such terms that will provide for the expiration of the term of one member of the County Board of Education each year In case of a vacancy on said Board by death resignation of a member or from any other cause other than the expiration of such members term of office the Board shall by secret ballot elect his successor who shall hold office until the next Grand Jury convenes at which time said Grand Jury shall appoint the successor member of the Board for the unexpired term The members of the County Board of Education of such County shall be selected from that portion of the County not embraced within the territory of an independent school district
The General Assembly shall have authority to make provision for local trustees of each school in a county system and confer authority upon them to make recommendations as to budgets and employment of teachers and other authorized employees
Section VI
Paragraph I County School Superintendent election term etc There shall be a County School Superintendent who shall
317
CONSTITUTION OP THE STATE OP GEORGIA Art 8 Sec 6 Par 1
be the executive officer of the County Board of Education He shall be elected by the people and his term of office shall be for four years and run concurrently with other county officers The qualifications and the salary of the County School Superintendent shall be fixed by law
Section VII
Paragraph I Independent systems continued new systems prohibited Authority is hereby granted to municipal corporations to maintain existing independent school systems and support the same as authorized by special or general law and such existing systems may add thereto colleges No independent school system shall hereafter be established
Section VIII
Paragraph I Meetings of Boards of Education All official meetings of County Boards of Education shall be open to the public
Section IX
Paragraph I Contracts for care of pupils County Boards of Education and independent school systems may contract with each other for the education transportation and care of pupils
Section X
Paragraph I Certain systems protected Public schools systems established prior to the adoption of the Constitution of 1877 shall not be affected by this Constitution
318
CONSTITUTION OF THE STATE OF GEORGIA Art 8 Sec 11 Par 1
Section XI
Paragraph I Grants bequests and donations permitted The State Board of Education and the Regents of the University System of Georgia may accept bequests donations and grants of land or other property for the use of their respective systems of education
Paragraph II Grants bequests and donations to county Boards of Education and independent school systems County Boards of Education and independent school systems may accept bequests donations and grants of land or other property for the use of their respective systems of education
Section XII
Paragraph I Taxation by counties for education The fiscal authority of the several Counties shall levy a tax for the support and maintenance of education not less than five mills nor greater than fifteen mills as recommended by the County Board of Education upon the dollar of all taxable property in the County located outside independent school systems The independent school system of Chatham County and the City of Savannah being coextensive with said County the levy of said tax shall be on all property in said County as recommended by the governing body of said system
ARTICLE IX
Homesteads and Exemptions Section I
Paragraph I Amount of homestead and exemptions There is hereby exempt from levy and sale by virtue of any process
319
CONSTITUTION OF THE STATE OF GEORGIA Art 9 Sec 1 Par 1
whatever under the laws of this State the property of every head of a family or guardian or trustee of a family of minor children or every aged or infirm person or person having the care and support of dependent females of any age who is not head of a family realty or personalty or both to the value in the aggregate of sixteen hundred dollars and the General Assembly shall have authority to provide the manner of exempting said property the sale alienation and encumbrance thereof and to provide for the waiver of said exemption by the debtor
Paragraph II Homestead and exemption laws continued The laws now of force with respect to homestead and exemptions shall remain in full force until changed by law
ARTICLE X
Militia Section I
Paragraph I Organization of Militia A well regulated militia being essential to the peace and security of the State the General Assembly shall have authority to provide by law how the militia of this State shall be organized officered trained armed and equipped and of whom it shall consist
Paragraph II Volunteers The General Assembly shall have power to authorize the formation of volunteer companies and to provide for their organization into battalions regiments brigades divisions and corps with such restrictions as may be prescribed by law and shall have authority to arm and equip the same
Paragraph III Pay of militia and volunteers The officers and men of the militia and volunteer forces shall not be entitled to receive any pay rations or emoluments when not in active service by authority of the State
320
CONSTITUTION OF THE STATE OF GEORGIA Art 11 Sec 1 Par lc
ARTICLE XI
Counties and Municipal Corporations Section I
Paragraph I Counties a corporate body boundaries Each county shall be a body corporate with such powers and limitations as may be prescribed by law All suits by or against a county shall be in the name thereof and the metes and bounds of the several counties shall remain as now prescribed by law unless changed as hereinafter provided
Paragraph II Number limited There shall not be more than one hundred and fiftynine counties in this State
Paragraph III New counties permitted when No new county shall be created except by the consolidation or merger of existing counties
Paragraph IV Consolidation of counties method The General Assembly shall have power with the concurrence of twothirds of the qualified voters of each of the counties to be affected who participate in elections held for that purpose to provide for the consolidation of two or more counties into one or the merger of one or more counties into another or the division of a county and the merger of portions thereof into other counties
Paragraph V Dissolution of counties method Any county may be dissolved and merged with a contiguous county or counties by twothirds of the qualified voters of each of the counties affected who participate in elections held for that purpose
Paragraph VI County governments uniform exceptions Whatever tribunal or officers may be created by the General Assembly for the transaction of county matters shall be uni
321
CONSTITUTION OF THE STATE OF GEORGIA Art 11 Sec 1 Par 6
form throughout the State and of the same name jurisdiction and remedies except that the General Assembly may provide for Commissioners of Roads and Revenues in any county may abolish the office of County Treasurer in any county may fix the compensation of County Treasurers and may consolidate the offices of Tax Receiver and Tax Collector in the office of Tax Commissioner and may fix his compensation without respect to uniformity
Paragraph VII Consolidation of governments submission to voters The General Assembly may provide by general law optional systems of consolidated county and municipal government providing for the organization and the powers and duties of its officers Such optional systems shall become effective when submitted to the qualified voters of such county and approved by a majority of those voting
Paragraph VIII County lines County lines shall not be changed unless under the operation of a general law for that purpose
Paragraph IX County sites changed method No county site shall be changed or removed except by a twothirds vote of the qualified voters of the county voting at an election held for that purpose and by a majority vote of the General Assembly
Section II
Paragraph I County officers election term removal eligibility The county officers shall be elected by the qualified voters of their respective counties or districts and shall hold their office for four years They shall be removed upon conviction for malpractice in office and no person shall be eligible for any of the offices referred to in this paragraph unless he shall have been a resident of the county for two years and is a qualified voter
322
CONSTITUTION OF THE STATE OF GEORGIA Art 11 Sec 2 Par 2
Paragraph II Compensation of county officers County officers may be on a fee basis salary basis or fee basis supplemented by salary in such manner as may be directed by law
ARTICLE XII
The Laws of General Operation in Force in This State Section I
Paragraph I Supreme law The laws of general operation in this State are first As the Supreme law The Constitution of the United States the laws of the United States in pursurance thereof and all treaties made under the authority of the United States
Paragraph II Second in authority Second As next in authority thereto This Constitution
Paragraph III Third in authority Third In subordination to the foregoing All laws now of force in this State not inconsistent with this Constitution shall remain of force until the same are modified or repealed by the General Assembly
Paragraph IV Local and private acts Local and private acts passed for the benefit of counties cities towns corporations and private persons not inconsistent with the Supreme law nor with this Constitution and which have not expired nor been repealed shall have the force of Statute law subject to judicial decision as to their validity when passed and to any limitations imposed by their own terms
Paragraph V Proceedings of courts confirmed All judgments decrees orders and other proceedings of the several courts of this State heretofore made within the limits of their
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CONSTITUTION OP THE STATE OF GEORGIA Art 12 Sec 1 Par 5
several jurisdictions are hereby ratified and affirmed subject only to reversal by motion for a new trial appeal bill of review or other proceedings in conformity with the law of force when they were made
Paragraph VI Existing officers The officers of the Government now existing shall continue in the exercise of their several functions until their successors are duly elected or appointed and qualified But nothing herein is to apply to any officer whose office may be abolished by this Constitution
ARTICLE XIII
Amendments to the Constitution Section I
Paragraph I Proposed by General Assembly submission to people Any amendment or amendments to this Constitution may be proposed in the Senate or House of Representatives and if the same shall be agreed to by twothirds of the members elected to each of the two houses such proposed amendment or amendments shall be entered on their journals with the yeas and nays taken thereon The General Assembly shall cause such amendment or amendments to be published in one or more newspapers in each Congressional District for two months previous to the time of holding the nxt general election at which election members of the General Assembly are chosen and if such proposed amendment directly affects only one or more political subdivisions of the State then it shall also be advertised in the area to be directly affected thereby and shall also provide for a submission of such proposed amendment or amendments to the people at said next general election and if the people shall ratify such amendment or amendments by a majority of the
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CONSTITUTION OF THE STATE OF GEORGIA Art 13 Sec 1 Par 1
electors qualified to vote for members of the General Assembly voting thereon such amendment or amendments shall become a part of this Constitution provided that if the proposed amendment is not one that directly affects the whole State but only one or more subdivisions thereof said amendment shall not become a part of this Constitution unless it receive both a majority of the electors qualified to vote voting thereon in the State as a whole and also a majority of the electors qualified to vote voting thereon in the particular subdivision of subdivisions affected When more than one amendment is submitted at the same time they shall be so submitted as to enable the electors to vote on each amendment separately
Provided however that proposed amendments to the Constitution which only affect or apply to one or more counties or one or more municipalities shall only be submitted to the voters of the county or counties or to the voters of the municipality or municipalities which the proposed amendment affects or applies If the amendment affects more than one county or more than one municipality the total vote of the area shall be consolidated and a majority of the whole vote shall be required as a condition precedent to ratification Such proposed amendment shall be published in one newspaper in the county or counties affected or of the county or counties in which the municipality affected is located for two months previous to the time of holding the next general election and shall be submitted to the people in such county or counties or municipality or municipalities at the next general election and if ratified by a majority of the electors qualified to vote for members of the General Assembly voting thereon such amendment shall become a part of this Constitution
Provided however that where the corporate limits of any municipality extend into two or more counties no amendment to the Constitution affecting such counties shall be ratified unless such amendment to the Constitution shall have received the required majority of votes cast in each of the counties affected nor shall this amendment alter or amend the provisions
CONSTITUTION OF THU STATE OF GEORGIA Art 33 Sec 1 Par 2
of Paragraph 4 Section 1 of Article XI of the Constitution of the State of Georgia of 1945
Paragraph II Convention how called No convention of the people shall be called by the General Assembly to revise amend or change this Constitution unless by the concurrence of twothirds of all members of each house of the General Assembly The representation in said convention shall be based on population as near as practicable This Constitution shall not be revised amended or changed by the Convention until the proposed revision amendment or change has been submitted and ratified by the people in the manner provided for submission and ratification of amendments proposed by the General Assembly
Paragraph III Veto not permitted The Governor shall not have the right to veto any proposal by the General Assembly to amend the Constitution
ARTICLE XIV
Merit System Section I
Paragraph I State Personnel Board A nonsalaried State Personnel Board comprised of three citizens of this State of known interest in the improvement of public administration shall administer a State Merit System under which state personnel shall be selected on a basis of merit fitness and efficiency according to law The members of the State Personnel Board shall be appointed by the Governor with the advice of the Senate The first members shall be appointed for terms of three five and seven years respectively the terms to be designated by the Governor All subsequent appointments shall be
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CONSTITUTION OF THE STATE OF GEORGIA Art 14 Sec 1 Par 1
for a period of seven years except unexpired terms No State official or employee shall be a member of the State Personnel Board
Paragraph II Retirement System Appropriation The General Assembly is authorized to establish ah actuarially sound retirement system for employees under a merit system Adequate appropriations shall be provided for the operation of a merit system and the State Personnel Board
ARTICLE XV
Home Rule
Section I
Paragraph I Uniform systems of county and municipal government The General Assembly shall provide for uniform systems of county and municipal government and provide for optional plans of both and shall provide for systems of initiative referendum and recall in some of the plans for both county and municipal governments The General Assembly shall provide a method by which a county or municipality may select one of the optional uniform systems or plans or reject any or all proposed systems or plans
Method of Submission Section II
That when this amendment shall have been agreed to by twothirds of the members elected to each of the two Houses of the
CONSTITUTION OF THE STATE OF GEORGIA Art 15 Sec 2
General Assembly the same shall be entered on their journals with the ayes and nays taken thereon and shall be published and submitted to the people for ratification or rejection as one single amendment to the Constitution at the next General Election in August 1945 as provided by law Those voting in faor of the ratification of the amendment herein proposed shall cave written or printed on their ballots the words for the amendment revising the Constitution Those voting against the ratification of the amendment herein proposed shall have written or printed on their ballots the words against the amendment revising the Constitution If a majority of those voting vote for the amendment revising the Constitution when the results are certified to the Governor he shall proclaim the amendment revising the Constitution of 1877 as the revised Constitution of Georgia
328
1953
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