Manual of the General Assembly of the state of Georgia, 1933-1935

THE LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF GEORGIA
MANUAL
OF THE
GENERAL ASSEMBLY
OF
The State of Georgia
19331935
BY
JOHN T BOIFEUILLET
Secretary of the Senate AND
ANDREW J KINGERY
Clerk of the House of Representatives
f2 OF GEORCV
Atlanta A
1 artTEUBRM
the general library the UNIVERSITY OF GEORGIA ATHENS GEORGIA
i 1
NOV 1 3 1943
WRSZ of geo0
STATE OF GEORGIA
EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT
EUGENE TALMAD GE Governor
THOMAS M LINDERExecutive Secretary to Governor
MRS EVA G DREWSecretaries to Governor
MRS HATTIE B JACKSON
J J MANGHAMSupervisor of Purchases
M J TURNERKeeper of Public Buildings
JOHN B WILSONSecretary of State and ExOfficio
Corporation Commissioner
R C COLEMANSecretary State Examining Boards
WILLIAM B HARRISONComptrollerGeneral and ExOfficio
Insurance Commissioner and Member
State Revenue Commission
M L LEDFORDState Treasurer and ExOfficio State Bond
Commissioner
JUDGE M J YEOMANSAttorneyGeneral
M D COLLINSState Superintendent of Schools
LINDLEY M CAMPAdjutantGeneral
GEORGE C ADAMSCommissioner of Agriculture
DR C REYNOLDS CLARKState Chemist
JAMES MACK SUTTONState Veterinarian
MRS LUCY R D FICKLENExecutive Secretary Board of Control
R E GORMLEYState Superintendent of Banks
HAL M STANLEY Commissioner of Commerce and Labor and ExOfficio Chairman Department of
Industrial Relations
PETER S TWITTYState Game and Fish Commissioner
BEVERLY WHEATCROFTExecutive Secretary Georgia Library
Commission
DR THOMAS FRANKLIN ABERCROMBIEDirector Department
of Public Health
JUDGE EUGENE LEIGH RAINEYChairman Prison Commission
JAMES ARCHIBALD PERRYChairman Public Service Commission
GAY SHEPPERSONDirector Department of Public Welfare
ERLE C COCKEExecutive Secretary Board of Regents
PAUL DOYALChairman State Revenue Commission
M S YEOMANSState Entomologist
BURLEY M LUFBURROWState Forester
SAMUEL W McOALLIEjState Geologist
RUTH BLAIRState Historian
ELLA MAY THORNTONState Librarian
SAMUEL M AYERS SRCommissioner of Pensions
THE GENERAL LIBRARY THE UNIVERSITY OF GEORI ATHENS GEORGIA
THE GENERAL LIBRARY
UNIVERSITY OF OEOi
SiTMlE OBRARY GI FT 19
OFFICERS
OF THE
SENATE
19331935
HAMILTON McWHORTER Fiftieth DistrictPresident
Oglethorpe County
HUGH A CARITHERS Twentyseventh District
President Pro Tem
Barrow County
JOHN T BOIFEUILLETSecretary
R F GUILLEBEAU Bibb County Messenger
A P GRIFFIN Lincoln County Doorkeeper
W E ANDREWS DeKalb County Journal Clerk
HUGH SKELTON Fulton County Reading Clerk
A T HARRIS Hart County Calendar Clerk
DeKalb County
CARTER C PETERSONMessage Clerk
Montgomery County
5 6 9 8
MEMBERS
OF THE
SENATE OF GEORGIA
ALPHABETICALLY ARRANGED ACCORDING TO NAMES WITH DISTRICTS AND POSTOFFICES
TERM 19331935
Senators District
Alston G C 12th
Andrews Walter F23rd
Baggett J J 51st
Boyd A Gl133rd
Boykin James H29th
Cail Dr John C17th
Campbell Robert W34th
Carithers Hugh A27th
Cason Junius A22nd
Cloud Hawes19th
Colson James T4th
Conner E H14th
Culpepper Nathan F36th
Dean Dr J G11th
Dorminy Dr E J45th
Edmondson B H142nd
Fetzer George W Jr 1st
Fudge J M8th
Goldin Sidney M38th
Groover S 0 49th
Haralson Pat40th
Hogg H W 13th
Howard Dr Charles24th
Howard T L 2nd
Hubbard Cosby S31st
Hutcheson John M44th
Jackson Joe Ben21st
Key W H28th
Knox Gordon3rd
Lester W M18th
Lewis John O20th
Lovett W H16th
PostOffice
Richland
Roberta
Lawrence ville
Gainesville
Lincolnton
Sylvania
Covington
Winder
Barnesville
Crawfordville
Brunswick
Unadilla
Greenville
Dawson
Fitzgerald
Summerville
Guyton
Colquitt
Buchanan
Statesboro
Blairsville
Ellaville
Cusseta
Ludowici
Baldwin
Lafayette
Gray
Monticello
Hazlehurst
Augusta
Sparta
Wrightsville
7
Senator
Mallett Joel B
Moore Susie T Mrs
Morris Fredfe
Morris Dr J S
McWhorter Hamilton
Nelson H W
Oliver T
Paschall J H
Pottle J R
Rivers R E
Robertson J E
Sims Walter A
Sisk J T
Sparks G M
Tate Steve O
Terrell J Render Jr
Turner S Morton
Tuten Andrew J
Weaver G A
District PostOffice
26th Jackson
47th Tifton
39th Marietta
5th Pearson
50th Lexington
6th Adel
48th Eastman
43rd Calhoun
10th Albany
15th Glenwood
32nd Dawsonville
35th Atlanta
30th Elberton
9th Blakely
41st Tate
37th La Grange
7th Quitman
46th Alma
25th Thomaston
8
MEMBERS
OF THE
SENATE OF GEORGIA
BY DISTRICTS IN NUMERICAL ORDER WITH COUNTIES AND POSTOFFICES
TERM 19331935
First DistrictBryan Chatham Effingham
GEORGE W FETZER JRGuyton
Second DistrictLiberty Long McIntosh Tattnall
T L HOWARDLudowid
Third DistrictAppling Brantley Jeff Davis Wayne
GORDON KNOXHazlehurst
Fourth DistrictCamden Charlton Glynn
JAMES T COLSONBrunswick
Fifth DistrictAtkinson Clinch Ware
Dr J S MORRISPearson
Sixth DistrictBerrien Cook Echols Lanier Lowndes
H W NELSONAdel
Seventh DistrictBrooks Grady Thomas
S MORTON TURNERQuitman
Eighth DistrictDecatur Miller Mitchell Seminole
J M FUDGEColquitt
Ninth DistrictBaker Calhoun Early
G M SPARKSBlakely
Tenth DistrictDougherty Lee Worth
J R POTTLEAlbany
Eleventh DistrictClay Randolph Terrell
DR J G DEANDawson
Twelfth DistrictQuitman Stewart Webster
G C ALSTONRichland
Thirteenth DistrictMacon Schley Sumter
H W HOGGEllavUle
Fourteenth DistrictBleckley Dooly Pulaski
E H CONNERUnadilla
Fifteenth DistrictMontgomery Toombs Wheeler
R E RIVERSGlenwood
9
Sixteenth DistrictEmanuel Johnson Laurens Treutlen
W H LOVETTWrights vllle
Seventeenth DistrictBurke Jenkins Screven
DR JOHN C CAILSylvanla
Eighteenth DistrictGlascock Jefferson Richmond
W M LESTERAugusta
Nineteenth DistrictGreene Taliaferro Warren
HAWES CLOUDCrawfordville
Twentieth DistrictBaldwin Hancock Washington
JOHN C LEWIS1Sparta
Twentyfirst District Jones Twiggs Wilkinson
JOE BEN JACKSONGray
Twentysecond DistrictBibb Lamar Monroe Pike
JUNIUS A CASON Barnes ville
Twentythird DistrictCrawford Houston Peach Taylor
WALTER F ANDREWS Roberta
Twentyfourth DistrictChattahoochee Marion Muscogee
DR CHARLES HOWARD Cusseta
Twentyfifth DistrictHarris Talbot Upson
G A WEAVERThomaston
Twentysixth DistrictButts Fayette Spalding
JOEL B MALLETTJackson
Twentyseventh DistrictBarrow Oconee Walton
HUGH A CARITHERSWinder
Twentyeighth District Jasper Morgan Putnam
W H KEYMonticello
Twentyninth DistrictColumbia Lincoln McDuffie
JAMES H BOYKINLincolnton
Thirtieth DistrictElbert Hart Madison
J T SISKElberton
Thirtyfirst DistrictFranklin Habersham Stephens
COSBY S HUBBARDBaldwin
Thirtysecond DistrictDawson Lumpkin White
J E ROBERTSONDawson ville
Thirtythird DistrictBanks Hall Jackson
A G BOYDGainesville
Thirtyfourth DistrictDeKalb Newton Rockdale
ROBERT W CAMPBELLCovington
10
Thirtyfifth DistrictClayton Fulton Henry
WALTER A SIMSAtlanta
Thirtysixth DistrictCoweta Meriwether
NATHAN F CULPEPPERGreenville
Thirtyseventh DistrictCarroll Heard Troup
J RENDER TERRELL JRLa Grange
Thirtyeighth DistrictHaralson Paulding Polk
SIDNEY M GOLDINBuchanan
Thirtyninth DistrictCherokee Cobb Douglas
FRED MORRISMarietta
Fortieth DistrictRabun Towns TJnion
PAT HARALSON Blairsville
Fortyfirst DistrictFannin Gilmer Pickens
STEVE C TATETate
Fortysecond DistrictBartow Chattooga Floyd
B H EdmondsonSummerville
Fortythird DistrictGordon Murray Whitfield
J H PASCHALLCalhoun
Fortyfourth DistrictCatoosa Dade Walker
JOHN M HUTCHESON LaFayette
Fortyfifth DistrictBen Hill Irwin Telfair
DR E J DORMINYFitzgerald
Fortysixth DistrictBacon Coffee Pierce
ANDREW J TUTENAlma
Fortyseventh DistrictColquitt Tift Turner
MRS SUSIE T MOORETifton
Fortyeighth DistrictCrisp Dodge Wilcox
T W OLIVEREastman
Fortyninth DistrictBulloch Candler Evans
S O GROOVERStatesboro
Fiftieth DistrictClarke Oglethorpe Wilkes
HAMILTON McWHORTERLexington
Fiftyfirst DistrictForsyth Gwinnett
J J BAGGETTLawrenceviUe
Note The asterisk means the home county of the senator
11

STANDING COMMITTEES
OF THE
SENATE
For the Term 1933 1935
ACADEMY FOR THE BLIND
Cail Chairman Dorminy
Cason ViceChairman Jackson
Andrews Morris of the 5th
Conner Weaver
AGRICULTURE
Fudge Chairman Hogg
Weaver ViceChairman Howard of the 2nd
Alston Hutcheson
Andrews Jackson
Baggett Knox
Boyd Lovett
Boykin Moore
Cail Nelson
Campbell Oliver
Carithers Rivers
Cloud Robertson
Conner Sims
Goldin Sparks
Groover
AMENDMENTS TO THE CONSTITUTION
Lester Chairman Jackson
Knox ViceChairman Key
Boykin Lewis
Campbell Mallett
Cloud Nelson
Colson Pottle
Culpepper Rivers
Fetzer Sims
Haralson Terrell
Hutcheson
APPROPRIATIONS
Sims Chairman Boykin
Lester ViceChairman Campbell
Baggett Carithers
14
Cloud Nelson
Conner Pottle
Dean Rivers
Fudge Sisk
Groover Sparks
Howard of the 24th Tate
Hubbard Terrell
Jackson Turner
Moore
AUDITING
Rivers Chairman Conner
Fetzer ViceChairman Mallett
Baggett Sisk
Boyd
BANKS AND BANKING
Boykin Chairman Lovett
Groover ViceChairman Mallett
Carithers Morris of the 39th
Cason Nelson
Cloud Oliver
Culpepper Pottle
Fetzer Rivers
Fudge Sims
Key Sparks
Knox Terrell
Lester Turner
Lewis Tuten
COMMERCE
Morris of the 5thChairman Edmondson
Fudge ViceChairman Goldin
Baggett Hogg
Boyd Howard of the 24th
Cail Knox
Conner Paschall
Dean
15
CONGRESSIONAL AND LEGISLATIVE REAPPORTIONMENT
Tuten Chairman Terrell ViceChairman Andrews Boykin Cason Cloud Colson Culpepper Dean Fetzer Haralson Hutcheson
Tackson
Key
Knox
Lester
Lewis
Mallett
Morris of the 39th
Nelson
Pottle
Rivers
Sisk
CONSERVATION
Key Chairman Howard of the 2nd ViceChairman Alston Colson Conner Fetzer Fudge Groover Haralson Hogg Knox
Lewis
Lovett
Moore
Morris of the 5th
Nelson
Oliver
Rivers
Sparks
Tate
Turner
Tuten
16
CORPORATION
Cloud Chairman Boykin ViceChairman Alston Campbell Carithers Dean
Edmondson
Haralson
Tackson
Key
Lewis
Mallett
Morris of the 39th
Nelson
Terrell
COUNTIES AND COUNTY MATTERS
Rivers Chairman Key
Andrews ViceChairman Knox
Alston Lester
Cail Lewis
Carithers Oliver
Cason Paschall
Conner Sims
Fetzer Sisk
Howard of the 2nd Sparks
Hubbard Tuten
Hutcheson Weaver
Jackson
DRAINAGE
Dorminy Chairman Baggett ViceChairman Cail Colson Groover
Hogg
Howard of the 2nd Moore
Morris of the 5th
EDUCATION AND PUBLIC SCHOOLS
Hubbard Chairman Oliver ViceChairman Alston Baggett
Boyd
Boykin
Campbell
17
Carithers
Cason
Cloud
Colson
Conner
Dorminy
Fetzer
Fudge
Goldin
Howard of the 2nd
Howard of the 24th
J ackson
Lester
Lovett
Mallett
Moore
Morris of the 5th
Morris of the 39th
Nelson
Paschall
Rivers
Robertson
Sims
Sisk
Sparks
Terrell
Turner
Tuten
Weaver
ENGROSSING
Andrews Chairman Hubbard
Haralson ViceChairman Paschall
Boykin Tate
Goldin Tuten
ENROLLMENT
Alston Chairman Carithers
Hutcheson ViceChairman Cason
Cail Robertson
Campbell
FINANCE
Cason Chairman Key ViceChairman Alston Boyd Colson Culpepper Dorminy Fetzer Haralson
Howard of the 2nd
Knox
Lewis
Lovett
Mallett
Morris of the 39th
Oliver
Paschall
Robertson
Tuten
18
GAME AND FISH
Colson Chairman Lewis
Pottle ViceChairman Lovett
Alston Mallett
Andrews Morris of the 5 th
Cail Morris of the 39 th
Carithers Nelson
Dorminy Oliver
Fetzer Rivers
Fudge Robertson
Haralson Tate
Howard of the 2nd Turner
Knox Tuten
GENERAL JUDICIARY NUMBER ONE
Lewis Chairman Key
Tuten ViceChairman Knox
Alston Mallett
Cloud Morris of the 39th
Culpepper Oliver
Fetzer Pasch all
Haralson Pottle
Howard of the 2nd Rivers
GENERAL JUDICIARY NUMBER TWO
Terrell Chairman Colson
Jackson ViceChairman Dorminy
Andrews Fudge
Boyd Jackson
Boykin Lester
Cail Sims
Campbell Sparks
Carithers Turner
19
HALLS AND ROOMS
Edmondson Chairman Moore ViceChairman Cail Carithers Fetzer Hogg Mallett Moore Morris of the 5th Rivers Tate
HIGHWAYS AND PUBLIC ROADS Culpepper Chairman Hutcheson
Carithers ViceChairman Alston Andrews Boyd Boykin Cail Campbell Cason Colson Conner Dorminy Fetzer Goldin Haralson Hogg Howard of the 2nd Howard of the 24th Hubbard Tackson Key Knox Lester Lewis Lovett Mallett Moore Morris of the 39th Oliver Paschall Pottle Rivers Sims Sisk Tate Turner Tuten
HISTORICAL RESEARCH Hogg Chairman Jackson
Culpepper ViceChairman Boykin Campbell Colson Dean Goldin Howard of the 24th Moore Oliver Paschall Sisk Terrell Weaver
20
HYGIENE AND SANITATION
Howard of the 24th
Chairman Morris of the 5th
ViceChairman
Cail Dean
INDUSTRIAL Nelson Chairman Haralson ViceChairman Alston Andrews Boyd Campbell Carithers Cason Colson Edmondson Fetzer Hutcheson
INSURANCE
Dorminy Edmondson Goldin Hogg Robertson Sisk
RELATIONS
Key
Lester
Lewis
Mallett
Paschall
Rivers
Robertson
Sims
Tate
Terrell
Weaver
Key
Lewis
Mallett
Morris of the 39 th
Nelson
Oliver
Pottle
Rivers
Sisk
Turner Chairman Colson ViceChairman Alston Andrews Carithers Culpepper Fetzer Haralson Hogg
INTERNAL IMPROVEMENTS Baggett Chairman Groover
Howard of the 24th Morris of the 5th Robertson Weaver JOURNALS
Weaver Chairman Groover
Robertson ViceChairman Hutcheson
Andrews Moore
Boyd
j
Hogg ViceChairman Andrews Edmondson Goldin
21
MANUFACTURES
Lovett Chairman Lester
Campbell ViceChairman Mallett
Boyd Pottle
Carithers Sims
Cason Tate
Conner Terrell
Edmondson Weaver
Hubbard
MILITARY AFFAIRS
Conner Chairman Lewis
Morris of the 39th Lovett
ViceChairman Mallett
Cail Nelson
Carithers Oliver
Cason Tate
Fetzer Tuten
Hutcheson
MINES AND MINING
Robertson Chairman Hubbard
Tate ViceChairman Hutcheson
Boyd Jackson
Edmondson Paschall
Haralson
MOTOR VEHICLES
Campbell Chairman Goldin
Mallett ViceChairman Haralson
Alston Jackson
Boykin Knox
Cason Nelson
Colson Oliver
Conner Pottle
Culpepper Robertson
Dean Sims
Dorminy Weaver
Fudge
22
MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT
Howard of the 2nd Chairman
Cloud ViceChairman Baggett Boyd Campbell Carithers Cason Conner Culpepper Edmondson Fetzer
Haralson
Howard of the24th
Hubbard
Hutcheson
Jackson
Lester
Nelson
Pottle
Rivers
Sims
Sisk
Weaver
PENITENTIARY
Mallett Chairman Rivers ViceChairman Alston Andrews Baggett Boyd Cail
Carithers
Cason
Cloud
Conner
Dean
Dorminy
Edmondson
Fetzer
Haralson
Howard of the 2nd
Howard of the 24th
Hutcheson
Key
Lewis
Morris of the 39th
Nelson
Oliver
Paschall
Robertson
Sparks
Tate
Terrell
Tuten
PENSIONS
Dean Chairman Edmondson ViceChairman Boykin Campbell Carithers
Culpepper
Goldin
Hogg
Howard of the 2nd Hubbard
23
Morris of the 5th Oliver Sims Sisk Sparks Terrell
PRIVILEGES AND ELECTIONS
Knox Chairman Hubbard
Conner ViceChairman Lewis
Baggett Nelson
Byd Oliver
Boykin Rivers
Cloud Tate
Dorminy Terrell
Fetzer Tuten
Haralson
Hutcheson
Key
Lester
Lewis
Lovett
Mallett
PRIVILEGES OF THE FLOOR
Groover Chairman Cail ViceChairman Dean Dorminy Lovett
Moore
Morris of the 5th
Robertson
Weaver
PUBLIC LIBRARY
Moore Chairman Dean ViceChairman Boykin Campbell Carithers Colson Culpepper Fudge
Hogg
Hubbard
Morris of the 5th
Pottle
Sparks
Turner
Weaver
24
PUBLIC PRINTING
Sparks Chairman Groover
Sisk ViceChairman Howard of the 24th
Baggett Lovett
Colson Paschall
Conner Sims
Fudge
PUBLIC PROPERTY
Tate Chairman Howard of the 2nd
Goldin ViceChairman Lovett
Alston Morris of the 5th
Andrews Oliver
Baggett Rivers
Boyd Sisk
Campbell
PUBLIC UTILITIES
Haralson Chairman Knox
Key ViceChairman Lester
Alston Lewis
Boykin Mallett
Carithers Oliver
Culpepper Robertson
Dean Terrell
Fetzer Weaver
Hutcheson
RULES
The President Chairman Haralson
Fetzer ViceChairman Hogg
Alston Howard of the 2nd
Boykin Hutcheson
Campbell J ackson
Carithers Key
Colson Knox
Culpepper Lester
25
Lewis Rivers
Lovett Sims
Mallett Sisk
Nelson Turner
Pottle Tuten
SCHOOL FOR THE DEAF
Goldin Chairman Hutcheson
Dorminy ViceChairman Morris of the
Cail Oliver
Dean Edmondson Paschall
SPECIAL JUDICIARY
Sisk Chairman Hubbard
Nelson ViceChairman Hutcheson
Baggett Lovett
Cason Oliver
Dean Paschall
Edmondson Sisk
Fetzer Tate
Goldin Howard of the 24th Weaver
STATE OF THE REPUBLIC
Carithers Chairman Key
Sims ViceChairman Knox
Boykin Lester
Cason Lewis
Cloud Mallett
Colson Morris of the I
Culpepper Nelson
Fetzer Pottle
Fudge Rivers
Haralson Sisk
Howard of the 2nd Terrell
Hubbard Turner
Jackson Tuten
26
STATE SANITARIUM
Oliver Chairman Howard of the 24th
Lewis ViceChairman Cail Dean Dorminy Groover Tackson Key Sparks Turner Weaver
Hogg
TEMPERANCE
Jackson Chairman Groover
Boyd ViceChairman Andrews Baggett Dean Dorminy Fudge Hogg Moore Oliver Robertson Sparks Weaver
Goldin
TRAINING SCHOOLS Paschall Chairman Goldin
Howard of the 24th ViceChairman Andrews Boykin Campbell Cloud Colson Culpepper Dorminy Groover Howard of the 2nd Hubbard Lester Moore Sims Sisk Weaver
TUBERCULOSIS SANITARIUM AT ALTO Boyd Chairman Haralson
Hubbard ViceChairman Baggett Carithers Dean Dorminy Howard of the 24th Moore Robertson Sisk Sparks
27
UNIFORM LAWS
Pottle Chairman Turner ViceChairman Cloud Colson J ackson Key Knox Lewis Paschall Sims Terrell Tuten
UNIVERSITY SYSTEM OF GEORGIA
Morris of the 39th Lester
Chairman Lewis
Sparks ViceChairman Cail Cason Cloud Fetzer Groover Haralson Howard of the 2nd Hubbard Key Knox Lovett Mallett Moore Nelson Oliver Pottle Rivers Sims Tate Tuten
WESTERN AND ATLANTIC RAILROAD Hutcheson Chairman Lester
Paschall ViceChairman Alston Baggett Boyd Carithers Cason Cloud Conner Edmondson Fetzer Fudge Goldin Howard of the 2nd Lovett Mallett Morris of the 39 th Oliver Rivers Robertson Sims Sisk Sparks Tate Terrell Tuten
28
RULES OF THE SENATE
ADOPTED FOR THE SESSIONS OF 19331935
THE PRESIDENT
Rule 1 The President shall in his discretion suspend irrelevant debate and command silence whenever he may deem it needful
Rule 2 In all cases of election by the Senate the President shall vote In other cases he shall not vote unless the Senate shall be equally divided or unless his vote if given to the minority will make the division equal and in case of such equal division the question shall be lost But in all cases where a fixed constitutional vote is required to pass the bill or measure under consideration and said bill or measure shall lack only one vote to pass the same the President may vote
Rule 3 When two or more Senators shall rise at the same time the President shall name the Senator entitled to proceed
Rule 4 All committees shall be appointed by the President unless otherwise ordered by the Senate
Rule 5 The method of stating the question on any motion by the President shall be as follows All in favor of the motion will say Aye Those opposed will say No And when a decision may seem doubtful to the President or a division of the Senate is called for by any one member of the Senate the President shall call upon the Senators in favor of the motion to rise and after a count is had by the Secretary he shall call upon the Senators to reverse their positions and the President shall announce the result
Discretion of President
When President shall vote
Bight of Senator to the floor to be decided by the President
President to appoint committees
Method of stating a auestion by the President
31
President may name preside Rule 6 The President may during a days sitting name any Senator to perform the duties of the Chair during any part of that sitting but no longer
Duty of Secretary when President absent Rule 7 Whenever from any cause the President shall be absent the President pro tempore shall preside and if both shall be absent the Secretary of the Senate shall call the Senate to order and shall preside until a President pro tempore shall be elected which said election shall be the first business of the Senate The President pro tempore thus elected shall preside until the return of one of the first named officers when his functions shall cease
When no debate on appeals Rule 8 On all appeals on questions of order of a personal character there shall be no debate
Appeals to be made at once Rule 9 All appeals from the decisions of the Chair shall be made immediately and no appeal shall be in order after other business has intervened from the time of the alleged error of the Chair and before said appeal is sought to be made
Power of President to suspend subordinate officers Rule 10 The President shall have power to suspend the Messenger and Doorkeepers for misconduct or neglect of duty and when such suspension has been made he shall report the same to the Senate within twentyfour hours thereafter for such action as the Senate may see fit to take in the premises
When President may order galleries and lobbies cleared Rule 11 The President shall have power to cause the galleries and lobbies of the Senate cleared by the Messenger and Doorkeepers in case of disturbance or disorderly conduct therein and to cause any person or persons so offending to be arrested
32
and brought before the bar of the Senate to be dealt with for contempt of the Senate
Rule 12 When less than a quorum vote on any subject under consideration by the Senate the President may order the door of the Senate to be closed and the roll of Senators called by the Secretary and if it is ascertained that a quorum is present either by answering to their names or by their presence in the Senate and any Senator present then refuses to vote unless excused such refusal shall be deemed a contempt of the Senate
Rule 13 The President may at any time order the roll called on any question and take the vote by yeas and nays where a division of the Senate discloses the fact that a quorum of the Senate has not voted
Rule 14 All questions as to priority of business to be acted on shall be decided by the President without debate
ON DECORUM AND DEBATE
Rule 15 When any Senator is about to speak in debate or deliver any matter to the Senate he shall arise from his seat and respectfully address himself to Mr President He shall be confined to matter in debate shall not speak more than twice on any subject nor more than once until every member choosing to speak shall have spoken If any Senator in speaking or otherwise transgress the rules of the Senate the President shall call him to order in which case the Senator so called to order shall immediately sit down unless permitted to explain The Senate shall if appealed to decide and if the decision of the Senate be not submitted to the delinquent for the first offense shall be reproved
No quorum voting duty of President
When President may order vote taken by yeas and nays
Decision on questions of priority
Conduct of Senators in debate
Appeals
33
Expulsion See Bule 147
Exception to words spoken
Silence
Mode of
designating
Senators
Shall not vote when interested in result
for the second fined in a sum not exceeding ten dollars and continuing refractory may be expelled from the Senate by a twothirds vote of the Senators which said vote shall be taken by yeas and nays
Rule 16 If any Senator be called to order for words spoken the words excepted to shall be taken down in writing by the Secretary and read then admitted denied or explained by the Senator who spoke and thereupon the questions of order shall be decided and such other proceedings had as the Senate may deem proper in regard thereto Provided that if at the time the Senate is acting under the previous question such question of order and other proceedings referred to shall not be taken up for decision until after the previous question and the main question have been disposed of or until such further time as may then be ordered by the Senate But no Senator shall be held to answer or be subject to the censure of the Senate for words spoken in debate if any other Senator has spoken or other business has intervened after the words were spoken and before the exception to them was taken
Rule 17 The members of the Senate shall forbear from private conversation and preserve silence until a speaking Senator shall have taken his seat
Rule 18 The Senators shall avoid naming each other when they may have occasion to take notice of their observations but may designate them by the districts they represent
Rule 19 No Senator shall vote upon any question in th result of which he is personally interested and in every case where the seat of a Senator is being contested the sitting Senator and the contestant
34
shall both retire from the Senate before the vote is taken
Rule 20 Any Senator may have entered on the Journal a protest in writing against the action of the Senate said protest shall clearly and succinctly set forth the grounds of such protest and shall not be argumentative nor arraign nor impugn the motive of the Senate nor any member thereof
Rule 21 No Senator shall address the Senate nor interrogate a Senator who is speaking except through the President and if the Senator speaking declines to be interrupted the President shall cause the Senator desiring to interrogate him to be silent
Rule 22 No Senator shall pass between the Chair Duty while and a Senator while he is speaking nor shall any speaking Senator at the time of adjournment leave his seat foumment until the President retires
Rule 23 No Senator shall in debate refer to any private conversation had with another Senator or to any matters which have transpired in any committee or in the House except as to the final action taken by the House in any pending matter
Rule 24 No smoking shall be allowed in the Senate Chamber during the Sessions of the Senate nor shall conversation be permitted within the Chamber
Rule 25 In nominating candidates for any office no laudatory remarks shall be allowed nor shall any other candidate be disparaged
Rule 26 Applause or hisses in the Senate Chamber Applause or in the galleries or lobby during any speech or legis forbidden lative proceedings shall be promptly suppressed
THE GENERAL LIBRARY THE UNIVERSITY OF GEORojl ATHENS GEORGIA
the general LIBR UNIVERSITY OF Gi
TATE LIBRARY GIFT
No debate during yeas and nays
Only one motion be made at a time
Explanation
Reading of papers
Motion to excuse when made
Excuses from voting
Rule 27 During the calling or reading of ayes and nays on any question no debate shall be had
Rule 28 No Senator can make more than one motion at a time and while the motion is being put to the Senate he must resume his seat and he is not further entitled to the floor unless again recognized by the President
Rule 29 On all questions except such as are not debatable any Senator on the call of the ayes and nays shall be allowed five minutes as a matter of right in which to explain his vote Where the vote on any question is not taken by ayes and nays no Senator shall be allowed to explain except by unanimous consent No motion or request shall be entertained to vary this rule nor to extend a Senators time for explaining
Rule 30 When the reading of any paper is called for and the same is objected to by any Senator it shall be determined by a vote of the Senate and this motion shall be decided without debate
Rule 31 A motion to excuse a Senator from voting must be made before the Senate divides or before the call of the yeas and nays is commenced and it shall be decided without debate except that the Senator making the motion may briefly state the reason why in his opinion it ought to prevail
Rule 32 No Senator shall be allowed to address himself to any question and then move to table the bill resolution or motion or move the previous question thereon without relinquishing the floor
36
DIVISION OF A QUESTION
Rule 33 Any one Senator may call for a division of the question on a subject in which the sense thereof will admit of it
Rule 34 The Senator calling for a division must state into how many and definitely what parts he would have the question divided Each part of the divided proposition must be so distinct that if taken away the remainder can stand by itself and be consistent and entire
BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS
Rule 35 All bills and resolutions shall be called in the order in which they stand on the calendar and before reading any bill or resolution the second or third time the Secretary shall distinctly state its number and the name of the Senator by whom introduced Provided that the General Appropriation Bill and the General Tax Bill shall have precedence on third reading over all other matters even Special Orders until the said bills shall have been finally disposed of
Rule 36 Every motion or request to take up general bills or resolutions out of their regular order and every motion or request for special orders shall be submitted in writing and reported upon by the Committee on Rules before being submitted to the Senate
Rule 37 No debate shall be admitted upon any bill at the first reading Upon the introduction of any bill or resolution or other matter requiring reference to a committee the President shall as a matter
Call for division
Division how made
Bills and resolutions called in order
Proviso What motions to be in writing
Question on first reading
37
Effect of favorable report of committee
Adverse report of committee
Bills when withdrawn
Reports of committees order of action
of course and without debate commit the same to the proper committee unless otherwise ordered by the Senate In case of engrossment of any bill or other matter the entry thereof shall be made by the Secretary and the bill or other matter shall not be amendable thereafter unless subsequently committed
Rule 38 Where the report of a committee is favorable to the passage of a bill etc the same shall be read a second time and passed to a third reading without question unless recommitted Where the report of a committee is adverse to the passage of a bill etc on the second reading thereof the question shall be on agreeing to the report of the committee If the report of the committee is agreed to the bill etc shall be lost If the report of the committee is disagreed to the bill etc shall be passed to a third reading unless recommitted Provided that no bill etc adversely reported shall be taken up for a second reading except by motion of some Senator Any bill etc may be withdrawn at any stage thereof by consent of the Senate
Rule 39 When a bill etc favorably reported by a committee is on its third or last reading if the report of the committee is disagreed to by the Senate the bill or measures shall be lost unless the action of the Senate in disagreeing to the committee report is reconsidered within the proper time
Rule 40 The President shall not recognize any Senator at any time for the purpose of asking unanimous consent to place any general bill on its passage out of its regular order Neither shall he recognize any request for unanimous consent for the introduction of new matter or to read any bill or resolution the second time or to place any local bill or
38
resolution on its passage except during the first thirty minutes after the confirmation of the Journal The President shall entertain but one unanimous consent at any one time
Rule 41 Where a bill or a resolution has been referred and reported by more than one committee or has been reported on and recommitted to the same committee the last committee report shall be acted on by the Senate
Rule 42 All bills and resolutions shall be written resolutions or printed and shall have the name of the Senator writing introducing the same as well as the district he represents indorsed on the back of the same and in the case of bills the caption of the bill shall also be in dorsed dorsed on the same
Rule 43 No bill shall be printed until after the BUwlion same has been reported to the Senate by the committee to which it has been referred or by request of said committee and the order of the Senate agreeing thereto
Rule 44 No bill or resolution shall be transmitted sionti to the House on the day of the passage thereof unless majority a majority of the Senators present shall so order
Rule 45 The Committee on Rules during the last fifteen legislative days of each session shall arrange and fix the calendar of business for each day and such calendar shall be a standing and continuing special order during said period and no matter shall be taken up or acted on otherwise than in the order and manner fixed by such calendar except by a threefourths vote of those present
Order of precedence
Not debatable when may be renewed Amendment
When
debatable
When
made
When not to order
PRECEDENCE OF MOTIONS
Rule 46 When any subject is before the Senate for consideration or under debate no motion shall be received except the following towit
1st A motion to adjourn
2d A motion to lay on table
3d A motion for the previous question
4th A motion to postpone indefinitely
5th A motion to postpone to a day certain
6th A motion to commit
7th A motion to amend
Which said several motions shall have precedence in the order named
MOTION TO ADJOURN
Rule 47 A motion to adjourn is in no instance debatable nor shall said motion be made a second time until further progress has been made in the business before the Senate A motion to adjourn in its simple form shall not be amended
Rule 48 A motion to adjourn to a particular day or for a particular time if made when the Senate is not actually engaged in other business is debatable and is amendable as to the day or time proposed
Rule 49 The motion to adjourn can be made at any time when the Senator moving it can legitimately obtain the floor
Rule 50 A motion to adjourn may be made after the motion for the previous question has been sustained but when the Senate has voted that the main question shall be now put no motion to adjourn is in order nor shall any motion to adjourn
40
be in order after the Secretary has called the first name of the ayes and nays and a vote of one Senator has been given or after a division of the Senate has been had on a vote and the vote is in process of being counted and announced
Rule 51 When a motion to adjourn in its simple form prevails it adjourns the Senate to the next sitting day or time in course
Rule 52 Whenever the hour of adjournment as fixed by a prior resolution shall arrive while the vote of the Senate is being taken by the ayes and nays the session shall continue until the final vote is taken and announced and if said fixed hour of adjournment shall arrive while the Senate is acting on the main question after a motion for the previous question has been sustained and before the vote on the main question is being taken either by a division or by the ayes and nays as aforesaid the Senate shall stand adjourned by virtue of said prior resolution
MOTIONS TO LAY ON THE TABLE
Rule 53 No motion to lay an amendment or substitute on the table shall be in order
Rule 54 A majority of a quorum voting may take from the table at any time when the Senate is not engaged on any other measure any bill resolution or other paper which has been ordered to lie On the table and when so taken from the table it is thereby restored to its appropriate place on the calendar
Rule 55 A motion to lay on the table or to take from the table can be renewed from time to time when new business has intervened between the votes
Effect of adjournment
Hour of adjournment What business postponed
Amendment or substitute cannot be laid on table
How matters may be taken from table
When
renewed
41
Not debatable or amendable Rule 56 Neither the motion to lay on the table nor the motion to take from the table is debatable or amendable
What can be tabled Rule 57 Nothing can be legitimately laid on the table excepting what can be taken up again
When in order Rule 58 A motion to lay on the table may be made after the motion for the previous question has been sustained but when the Senate has voted that the main question shall be now put no motion to lay on the table is in order
Effect of previous question THE MOTION FOR THE PREVIOUS QUESTION Rule 59 The motion for the previous question shall be decided without debate and shall take precedence of all other motions except motions to adjourn or to lay on the table and when it is moved the first question shall be Shall the call for the previous question be sustained If this be decided by a majority vote in the affirmative the motion to adjourn or to lay on the table can still be made but they must be made before the next question towit Shall the main question be now put is decided in the affirmative and after said last question is affirmatively decided by a majority vote said motions will be out of order and the Senate cannot adjourn until the previous question is exhausted or the regular hour of adjournment arrives
Twenty minutes debate allowed Rule 60 When the previous question has been ordered the Senate shall then proceed to act on the main question without debate except that before the main question is put twenty minutes shall be allowed to the committee whose report of the bill
42
or other measure is under consideration to close the debate When the report of the committee is adverse to the passage of the bill or other measure the introducer of the bill shall be allowed twenty minutes before the time allowed to the committee for closing the debate The Chairman of the committee or the introducer of the bill or other measure may yield the floor to such Senators as he may indicate for the time or any part of it allowed under this rule
Rule 61 After the main question is ordered any Senator may call for a division of the Senate in taking the vote or may call for the yeas and nays but on all questions on which the yeas and nays are called the assent of onefifth of the number present shall be necessary to sustain the call and when such call is sustained the yeas and nays shall be entered on the Journal
Rule 62 The effect of the order that the main question be now put is to bring the Senate to a vote on pending questions in the order in which they stood before it was moved
Rule 63 After the main question has been ordered a motion to reconsider this action will if adopted have the effect to repeal the ordering of both the main question and the previous question and will leave the pending measure again open to debate and amendment This motion to reconsider the ordering of the main question can be made only once and if lost or if the main question is again subsequently ordered on the pending measure no second motion to reconsider the ordering of the main question shall be entertained
Vote how taken
Yeas and nays Onefifth necessary
Effect of main question being ordered
Reconsideration when in order
43
Contested
elections
How called and ordered
Call of the Senate when in order
Questions of order
Effect
Not amendable
Rule 64 In all cases where a minority report has been submitted on any matter if the previous question is ordered there shall be twenty minutes allowed to the member of said committee whose name is first signed to said minority report or to such member or members as he may indicate for the time so allowed or any part of it before the twenty minutes allowed to the Chairman submitting the majority report
Rule 65 The previous question may be called and ordered upon a single motion or an amendment or it may be made to embrace all authorized motions or amendments and include the entire bill to its passage or rejection
Rule 66 A call of the Senate shall not be in order after the previous question is ordered unless it shall appear upon an actual count by the President that a quorum is not present
Rule 67 All incidental questions of order arising after a motion is made for the previous question and pending such motion shall be decided whether on appeal or otherwise without debate
MOTIONS TO INDEFINITELY POSTPONE
Rule 68 When a bill resolution or other measure is under consideration on the final reading thereof a motion to indefinitely postpone if decided in the affirmative by a majority of a quorum thereby disposes of said bill resolution or other measure for the session
Rule 69 The motion to indefinitely postpone lays open the whole question for debate but it cannot be amended
44
Rule 70 While the motion to indefinitely postpone takes precedence over a motion to postpone to a day certain or to commit or amend yet this motion cannot be applied to said motions nor can it be applied to incidental questions such as questions of order reading of papers withdrawal of a motion and suspension of a rule
Rule 71 No motion to indefinitely postpone shall be renewed on any bill resolution or other measure after the same has once been voted down
MOTION TO POSTPONE TO A DAY CERTAIN
Rule 72 On a motion to postpone to a day certain it is not in order to debate the merits of the question proposed to be postponed Debate may be allowed but it shall be confined strictly to the proposition to postpone and to show why one day is preferred to another This motion cannot be renewed or made a second time to the same measure on the same day
Rule 73 The motion to postpone to a day certain cannot be applied to subordinate or incidental questions but only to the whole measure It is amendable by substituting one day or time for another If a day proposed is known to be beyond the limits of the Session the motion shall be treated as one to indefinitely postpone
MOTION TO COMMIT
Rule 74 Motions to commit may be made to refer a bill resolution or other measure to a standing or special committee
When cannot be applied
Not renewed
Debate when and how allowed
Motion to commit
45
Precedence of
When debatable
How
amended
Motion to recommit
Amendments how made
Bill first perfected then the substitute
Rule 75 A motion to commit to a standing com mittee takes precedence over a motion to commit to a special committee and shall be first voted on
Rule 76 On a motion simply to commit no debate shall be allowed but where instructions are added the merits of the question can be debated
Rule 77 A motion to commit may be amended by adding instructions or by substituting another committee for the one named by the Senator making the motion
Rule 78 Any proposition that has been referred to any committee either standing or special may on motion be recommitted to the same or any other committee by a majority of a quorum
MOTION TO AMEND
Rule 79 There are three ways in which a propo sition may be amended towit
1st By inserting or adding words
d By striking out words
3d By striking out and inserting words
An amendment is itself subject to be amended in all three of the ways above mentioned but it is not admissible to amend an amendment to an amendment
Rule 80 When a bill or resolution is before the Senate for consideration and amendments are pending thereto and a substitute shall be offered for said bill or resolution and an amendment shall be offered to said substitute it shall be in order for the Senate to first perfect the original bill or resolution and then perfect the substitute The question shall then be on agreeing to the substitute as amended if it be amended and if decided in the affirmative
46
the question shall be Shall this bill pass or resolution be adopted as the case may be by substitute
j When too
Rule 81 An amendment cannot be ottered alter hrteto
the report of the committee to whom was referred the bill or resolution under consideration has been agreed to by the Senate unless said action of the Senate in so agreeing to said report of said committee shall first be reconsidered
Rule 8 All motions to amend any matter before Mgsfcge in the Senate must be in writing and must plainly and distinctly set forth the amendment desired and the part of the bill or resolution where said amendment shall be inserted or added
Rule 83 On all questions whether in committee Priority or in the Senate the last amendment the most distant day and the largest sum shall be first put
Rule 84 Where blanks occur in any proposition Blanks they must be filled first before any motion is made to amend
Rule 85 The caption or preamble of a bill or Caption resolution shall not be considered or amended until amended the measure has been perfected
Rule 86 When a proposition consisting of several sections or resolutions is on a final reading and the Senate shall agree to a motion to consider the same by sections or paragraphs the Secretary in reading the same shall pause at the end of each section or resolution and the amendments thereto shall be offered as the several sections or resolutions are read but the amendments offered by the committee
47
to whom said bill or resolution was referred shall be read by the Secretary without any motion being made in the Senate and when a section or resolution shall have been considered it is not in order to recur back and amend it
Amendments by striking out and inserting Rule 87 When a motion is made to amend by striking out and inserting the Secretary shall read the paragraph as it is then the words to be stricken out and finally the whole paragraph as it would be if amended
Priority of amendment to perfect Rule 88 When a motion is made to amend by striking out a paragraph any amendment offered to perfect the paragraph shall be put first before the question is put for striking it out
Amending House amendments Rule 89 When any bill or resolution which originated in the Senate has been amended in the House and is before the Senate for action on the House
See Rule 130 amendment an amendment may be offered in the Senate to the House amendment but the Senate amendment to the House amendment cannot be further amended it must be agreed to or voted down
Priority Rule 90 A motion to amend an amendment made by the House to a Senate bill or resolution takes precedence of a motion to agree or disagree to said amendment
Priority of Questions on House amendments Rule 91 The questions which arise before the Senate respecting amendments by the House to a Senate bill or resolution are 1st A motion to agree to the House amendment 2d A motion to disagree to the House amendment 3d A motion to recede from its disagreement or amendment
48
4th A motion to insist on its disagreement or amendment
5th A motion to adhere to its disagreement or amendment
They take precedence in the abovte order
RECONSIDERATION
Rule 92 When the Journal of the preceding day shall be read it shall be in the power of any Senator to move for reconsideration of any matter therein contained except such matter that has been previously reconsidered provided such Senator shall notify the Senate of his intention to move such reconsideration at any time before the Journal is confirmed
Rule 93 The notice of a motion to reconsider shall not be withdrawn after the time has elapsed within which it might originally have been made
Rule 94 No matter shall be reconsidered more than once
Rule 95 Motions for reconsideration shall be in order immediately after the time for unanimous consents on the day succeeding the action sought to be reconsidered except that any matter which could not be reconsidered on the succeeding day shall be in order for reconsideration on the day of said action Provided a motion to reconsider the action of the Senate ordering immediate transmission of any bill or resolution to the House shall be made and disposed of before the transaction of other business
Rule 96 The action of the Senate upon an amendment may be reconsidered at any time before final action upon the section bill or resolution to which it relates
Rule 97 All bills reconsidered shall take their
Motion to reconsider
Shall not be
withdrawn
when
When there may be one reconsideration
When in order
Amendments when reconsidered
Place on calendar
49
Morning
rollcall
dispensed
with by
majority
vote
Names of absentees noted
Sergeantatarms Power to compel attendance
Call how ordered
Subsequent
proceedings
place at the foot of calendar of bills then in order for a third reading
ABSENTEES
Rule 98 The rollcall at the opening of each session of the Senate shall not be dispensed with except by a majority vote of the Senators present
Rule 99 Upon the call of the Senators ordinary and extraordinary the names of the absentees shall be noted by the Secretary and shall appear upon the Journal
COMPELLING ATTENDANCE
Rule 100 The powerto compel the attendance of Senators in order to keep or secure a quorum shall be vested in the President and to this end he may have the doors of the Senate closed When the doors are so closed no Senator shall be allowed to retire from the Senate without first obtaining leave from the Senate
The Messenger of the Senate shall be exofficio SergeantatArms of the Senate and on order of the President may arrest any absentees and bring them before the Senate when necessary to secure a quorum as aforesaid
CALL OF THE SENATE
Rule 101 Whenever the result of a vote taken shall disclose the fact that no quorum of the Senate is present or when the President shall officially state the fact to the Senate it shall be in order for any Senator to make a motion for a call of the Senate and when this motion is made the President shall state the question as follows Shall the motion for the call of the Senate prevail and if five of the Senators present shall vote in the affirmative the President shall order the Secretary to call the roll
of Senators and the absentees shall be noted the doors shall then be closed after which the names of the absentees shall again be called over and those who do not appear and who are absent without leave may by the order of the majority of the Senators present be sent for and arrested wherever they may be found by officers to be appointed by the Messenger for that purpose and their attendance secured and the Senate shall determine upon what conditions they shall be discharged
MISCELLANEOUS RULES
Rule 102 When a message is sent to the Senate it shall be announced at the door of the Senate by the Doorkeeper and be respectfully communicated to the Chair by the person through whom it may be sent
Rule 103 Messages may be received at any time while the door is open except while a question is being put or a ballot or a viva voce vote is being taken A message shall be presented to the Senate by the President when received or afterwards according to its nature and the business on which the Senate is engaged or its consideration may on motion be ordered by the Senate
Rule 104 After a motion is stated by the President or read by the Secretary it shall be deemed to be in the possession of the Senate but may be withdrawn at any time before decision by consent of the Senate
Rule 105 Any member presenting a petition memorial or remonstrance shall as concisely as practicable intimate the name and object of the peti
Messages
Messages when received and considered
Motions
Petitions
memorials
etc
51
tioner memorialist or remonstrant which shall be noted on the Journal and the paper may then be referred without reading
No debate Rule 106 Any motion to suspend the rules or change the order of business shall be decided without debate
Motions not privileged Rule 107 Any motion not privileged containing new matters shall lie at least one day on the table
Record Rule 108 Whenever on any question the yeas and nays shall have been ordered the Secretary shall also enter on the Journal the names of those members not voting
Not necessary to second motion Rule 109 Where a motion is made by any Senator it shall not be necessary that the same shall be seconded before being put to the Senate
Committees how and when enlarged Rule 110 After the announcement of the standing committees no other Senators shall be placed thereon unless it be at the request of a majority of the committee to be added thereto except when Senators have been elected to fill vacancies caused by death or otherwise the President may assign said Senators to such committees as he may see fit and he may fill any vacancy in chairmanships
Privileges of the floor Rule 111 No persons shall be allowed to enter upon the floor of the Senate except the Senators and officers of the Senate the officers and members of the House the President of the United States and Cabinet members the Governor of the State and the heads of the offices of the Executive Department exGovernors Judges of the Supreme Court and Court of Appeals in actual commission expresiding officers of the Senate and House members of Congress from Georgia Governors and members of the
52
Legislature of any State of the United States members of the press actually reporting legislative proceedings and such others as the Senate may allow upon recommendation of the Committee on Privileges of the Floor but the privilege of the floor shall be extended to no person for a period longer than two days and not more than twice during any session
Rule 112 It shall be the duty of the committee on Journals to read the Journal of each days proceed on Journals ings and report to the Senate that the same is correct before the Journal is read by the Secretary
Rule 113 The hours of the morning sessions of the Senate shall be from 10 o clock A M to one oclock P M when the Senate shall stand adjourned until ten oclock A M of the next succeeding day
Sundays excepted unless otherwise ordered by the Senate
i Motion for
Rule 114 A motion for the call of the yeas and yeas and
nays hod
nays shall be decided without debate debatable
Rule 115 All writs warrants subpoenas issued oi
by order of the Senate shall be signed by the Presi ggg0 dent and attested by the Secretary
Rule 116 It shall be the duty of the Messenger to attend to the wants of the Senate while in session to aid in the enforcement of order under the direction of the President and to execute the demands of the Senate from time to time together with py 0j all such processes issued under its authority as Messenger may be directed to him by the President
Rule 117 The Messenger under the direction of Mess s the Secretary shall superintend the distribution by the Pages of all documents and papers to be dis documents tributed to the members he shall distribute to the
53
Interlineation forbidden
Pairing
Committee of Conference
Amend
ments
Free debate
members the usual and necessary stationery required by them
Rule 118 No committee shall deface or interline a bill resolution or other paper referred to said committee but shall report any amendments recommended on separate paper noting the section page or line to which said amendments relate
Rule 119 No pairing of members shall be recognized or allowed as an excuse for not voting
Rule 120 Whenever any Senator moves that a Committee of Conference on disagreeing votes of the two Houses naming the number of members be appointed if said motion prevails the President shall appoint a committee on the part of the Senate and in such case the committee shall consist only of such Senators as voted in the majority on the position assumed by the Senate and if by inadvertence any Senator be nominated on said committee who was not in said majority vote he shall notify the Senate and be excused by the President
Rule 121 After commitment of a bill and report thereof to the Senate it may be amended before the report of the committee is agreed to by the Senate but the amendments if any reported by the committee shall be disposed of before any other amendment be considered unless it be an amendment to a committee amendment
Rule 122 No Senator shall after debating any question and before yielding the floor be allowed to submit any motion the effect of which shall be to prevent further debate
54
Rule 123 No motion on a subject different from that under consideration shall be admitted under color of amendment If a motion be made to strike out a part of a bill or resolution a motion to amend the part proposed to be stricken out shall be first on order
Rule 124 All reports of a committee shall be in writing and the minority of a committee may make a report in writing setting forth succinctly the reasons for their dissent
Rule 125 Every motion for information from the Executive or other Departments shall lie on the table one day unless referred to a committee by vote of the Senate
Rule 126 On the call of the yeas and nays the Secretary shall read the names of the Senators after they have been called and no Senator shall be permitted to change his vote unless he at that time declares that he voted under a mistake of the question
Rule 127 Questions of the privilege shall be first those affecting the rights of the Senate collectively its safety dignity and the integrity of its proceedings second the rights reputation and conduct of Senators individually in their representative capacity only and shall have precedence of all other questions Provided that when any matter is pending before the Senate no question of personal privilege shall be acted on until the pending question is disposed of
Rule 128 In all elections a majority of the Senators present shall be necessary to a choice
Motion
Majority and minority reports
What motions lie on table
Changing
votes
Questions of privilege
Elections
55
ApjyroDnat r l icm at 1 n
03 KUle 129 N bl11 or resolution appropriating
Seconded mney Sha11 become a law unless upon its passage
JStotoHouse the yeaS and nayS are called and recorded All bills geprnta for raising revenue or appropriating money must
originate in the House of Representatives but the Senate may propose or concur in amendments as in other bills
Amendment to Constitution entered in full in Journals
Caption or title only to be read in local bills
Secretary to take oath and give bond
Oath of enrolling and engrossing Clerks
Rule 130 Whenever the Constitution requires a vote of twothirds of either or both Houses for the passage of an act or resolution the yeas and nays on the passage thereof shall be entered on the Journal and when any amendment to the Constitution shall be agreed to by a twothirds vote of members elected such proposed amendment or amendments shall be entered on the Journal in full with the yeas and nays taken thereon
Rule 131 The first and second reading of local bills shall consist of the reading of the titles only unless said bill is ordered engrossed
Rule 132 The Secretary and Assistant Secretary shall before entering on their duties as such take an oath before their presiding officer to discharge their duties faithfully and to the best of their skill and knowledge and the Secretary shall enter into bond in the sum of 5000 conditioned for faithful discharge of his duties Said bond to be approved by President of Senate
Rule 133 All engrossing and enrolling clerks before entering upon the discharge of their respective duties shall take an oath before the President of Senate to discharge their duties faithfully and to the best of their skill and knowledge of which a minute shall be made and entered on the Journals and no journalizing recording enrolling or engrossing
56
clerk shall be appointed by the Secretary of Senate until such clerk has been examined by the Enrolling Committee and certified to be competent and well qualified for the discharge of the duties required of him and shall be removed at any time upon recommendation of the Enrolling Committee
Rule 134 When there is a meeting of both branches of the General Assembly in joint session the Secretary shall enter in the journal of the Senate the proceedings of the same
COMMITTEES
Rule 135 The President shall appoint the following standing committees
Committee on Academy for the Blind
Committee on Agriculture
Committee on Amendments to Constitution
Committee on Appropriations
Committee on Auditing
Committee on Banks and Banking
Committee on Commerce
Committee on Congressional and Legislative Reapportionment
Committee on Conservation
Committee on Corporations
Committee on Counties and County Matters
Committee on Drainage
Committee on Education and Public Schools
Committee on Engrossing
Committee on Enrollment
Committee on Finance
Committee on Game and Fish
Committee on General Judiciary Number One
Committee on General Judiciary Number Two
Must be examined by enrolling nomm1ttee and be recommended by it as competent
Secretary must enter on journals proceedings of joint sessions
57
Committee on Halls and Rooms
Committee on Highways and Public Roads Committee on Historical Research
Committee on Hygiene and Sanitation
Committee on Industrial Relations
Committee on Insurance
Committee on Internal Improvements
Committee on Journals
Committee on Manufactures
Committee on Military Affairs
Committee on Mines and Mining
Committee on Motor Vehicles
Committee on Municipal Government
Committee on Penitentiary
Committee on Pensions
Committee on Privileges and lections
Committee on Privileges of the Floor
Committee on Public Library
Committee on Public Printing
Committee on Public Property
Committee on Public Utilities
Committee on Rules
Committee on School for the Deaf
Committee on Special Judiciary
Committee on State of the Republic
Committee on State Sanitarium
Committee on Temperance
Committee on Training Schools
Committe on Tuberculosis Sanitarium at Alto Committee on Uniform Laws
Committee on University System of Georgia Committee on Western and Atlantic Railroad
The Chairman and Vice Chairman of the Committee on Appropriations shall be exofficio members of the Committee on Finance and the Chairman and Vice Chairman of the Committee on Finance
58
shall be exofficio members of the Committee on Appropriations
ORDER OF BUSINESS
Rule 130 The following shall be the order of business
1 Prayer by the Chaplain
2 Call of the Roll
3 Report of Committee on Journals
4 Notices of motions to reconsider
5 Reading the Journal
6 Motions to reconsider
7 Confirmation of the Journal
8 Unanimous consents
9 Reports of Standing Committees
10 Reports of Select Committees
11 Messages from the Governor
12 Unfinished business
13 Special Orders and Orders of the Day
14 Messages from the House of Representatives
15 Introduction of bills etc the first time on
Mondays Wednesdays and Thursdays
16 Reading House Bills etc the first time for
reference
17 Reading bills etc second time favorably re
ported from committees
18 Consideration of bills etc adversely reported
on Tuesdays and Fridays
19 Reading for third time of bills etc ready for
passage
20 Motions resolutions and petitions
59
Rule 137 The report of the Committee on Rules shall be in order at any time and messages from the Governor or from the House of Representatives may be received under any order of business
Rule 138 No change of or addition to these rules shall be made unless such proposed change or addition be submitted in writing and referred to the Committee on Rules and reported back to the Senate
Rule 139 The rules of the Senate shall in no case be suspended or changed or the order of business changed except by a twothirds vote a quorum of the Senate being present and voting
Rule 140 The Auditing Committee before auditing the account of any Senator for expenses as a Committeeman or incurred in discharge of any duty as a member of the Senate shall require of him an itemized statement of such account supported by proper vouchers for each item whenever the same is practicable
Rule 141 When any question arises which is not provided for in the foregoing rules the same shall be controlled by the rules usually governing parliamentary bodies
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RULES
FOR THE GOVERNMENT OF THE SENATE IN EXECUTIVE SESSION
1 When nominations shall be made by the Governor to the Senate a future day shall be assigned for their consideration unless the Senate directs otherwise
2 When acting on executive business the Senate shall be cleared of all persons except the Senators the Secretary and Assistant Secretary
3 All information or remarks touching or concerning the character or qualifications of any person nominated by the Governor for office shall be kept secret
4 The Legislative and Executive proceedings of the Senate shall be kept in separate and distinct books except that a copy of the message transmitting information of definite action on appointments of the Governor shall be placed in the regular Journals of the Senate
5 All nominations approved by the Senate or otherwise definitely acted on shall be transmitted by the Secretary to the Governor with the determination of the Senate thereon from day to day as such proceedings may occur but no further extract from the Executive Journal shall be furnished published or otherwise communicated except as provided in Rule 4 during any session except by special order of the Senate and in transmitting the determination of the Senate thereon the Secretary shall in no instance furnish a list of the names of Senators voting in the affirmative or negative but only the fact of confirmation or rejection and the numerical
61
vote and the record of votes shall be sealed and transmitted to the Secretary of States office there to be placed on file
6 A majority of a quorum shall be necessary to confirm the nomination to any office made by the Governor and sent to the Senate for approval When nominations are made by the Governor for any office which require the assent and approval of the Senate in executive session after the Secretary shall read the name of the party nominated and the position to which he is appointed the President shall put to the Senate the following Shall the nomination of the Governor be confirmed by the Senate Those who favor the confirmation will as your names are called vote Aye those opposed vote No After the roll is called the President will announce the result of the ballot and declare the result as follows It appears from the vote that a majority of the Senators have voted to confirm the appointment made by the Governor the same is hereby confirmed by the Senate or A majority of the Senators have voted against the confirmation of the nomination made by the Governor it is therefore rejected by the Senate
7 No Senator will be at liberty at any time or under any circumstances to expose or publish anything transpiring in executive session except only such matters as are required to be disclosed under the rules It is the intent and meaning of this rule that the business transacted in executive session shall be sacred and free from exposure to the outside world and that every Senator shall be on his honor concerning the same

RULES
FOR THE GOVERNMENT OF THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY WHEN ASSEMBLED IN JOINT SESSION
j The time of the meeting of the two houses in joint session shall be determined by the concurrent resolution of the Senate and House of Representatives except where provided by law
2 The elections shall be viva voce and the vote shall appear on the journal of the House of Representatives When the Senate and House of Representatives unite for the purpose of elections they shall meet in the Representative Hall and the President of the Senate shall in such cases preside and declare the result
3 The votes are to be taken for but one election at the same time and a majority of the whole number of votes cast is necessary to a choice
4 The Senate and House of Representatives shall meet in joint session in the hall of the House of Representatives on the first Monday of every session at 10 oclock a m or at such time as may be fixed by joint resolution of both houses for the purpose of electing such officers of said State as are now or may hereafter be required to be elected by the General Assembly Said joint session shall continue in morning and afternoon sessions from day to day until all of said officers are elected
5 At the hour determined by the concurrent resolution the Senate shall repair to the Hall of the House of Representatives
63
6 The President of the Senate shall preside and announce that the General Assembly is in joint session and cause to be read the resolution convening the same He shall put all questions to the body and decide all questions of order An appeal may be taken from any of his decisions to the whole General Assembly
7 The Speaker of the House shall sit on the left of the President of the Senate
8 In announcing a candidate the mover shall not make any commendatory or other remarks
9 After a person is nominated for any office in joint session of the General Assembly it shall not be in order to second such nomination and when the nomination is declared closed the President shall forthwith order the rollcall and each member when called shall rise in his seat and respond promptly announcing distinctly his choice for such office
10 In the elections by the General Assembly no member after having voted shall be allowed to change his vote unless he will rise and state in his place that he voted by mistake or that his vote has been recorded by mistake
11 No debate shall be in order except as to questions of order
12 No motion to adjourn shall be in order In lieu thereof there shall be the motion to dissolve the joint session which shall be in the form That the joint session of the General Assembly be now dissolved or That the joint session of the General Assembly be now dissolved to be reconvened at a time named The latter motion shall have precedence of the former
64
13 The motion to dissolve the joint session either indefinitely or until a fixed time shall always be in order except that after the call of the roll has com
menced it shall not be in order until after the result of said vote shall have been declared by the President of the Senate
14 When a motion to dissolve the joint session shall be decided in the negative the same shall not again be in order until other business shall have intervened
15 When a motion to dissolve the joint session either indefinitely or to a fixed time shall be decided in the affirmative the President of the Senate shall so declare and the Senate shall without further motion immediately repair to the Senate Chamber
16 The majority of each house shall be necessary to constitute a quorum of the joint session
17 These rules may be amended by the concurrent resolution of the two houses and they or either of them shall cease to be in force when either house shall notify the other house of the withdrawal of its consent to the same
65
INDEX TO STANDING RULES OF Senate of Georgia
ABSENTEES Rule No
Arrest of when100101
Call of Senate 101
Names recorded in Journal 99
Roll Call dispensed with when 98
Secretary duty as to Absentees 99
ADJOURN MOTION TO
Amendable not 47
Debatable not 47
Definite time debatable when 48
Definite time Amendable when 48
Division not in order duringI 50
Effect when motion prevails 51
Main Question Ordered not in order 5059
Precedence of 4649
Previous Question motion for sustained motion to adjourn in order 5059
Shall not be made second time when 47
When in order47495059
When not in order 5059
Yeas and Nays being called not in orders 50
ADJOURNMENT
Constitutional time limit 113
Courtesy to President at 22
Effect when hour of arrives while Senate is acting under previous
question 5259
Effect when hour of arrives while vote is being taken by Yeas and
Nays 52
Hour of Fixed by Senate 113
ADVERSE REPORT
Bills and Resolutions adversely reported taken up when 38
Debate on 60
Effect of on bills 38
Second Reading after when 38
66
AMENDMENTS Rule No
Adjourn motion to not amendable 47
Adjourn to definite time amendable when 48
Applicable to Amendments 79
Amendments to Amendments not amendable 79
Bills and Resolutions amended by sectionst 7986
Bills and Resolutions perfected before substitute 80
Bills and Resolutions perfected before caption 85
Blanks must be filled in before 84
By Committee 1 118
Commit motion to amendable how 77
Committee Amendments take precedence 121
Committee shall not deface or interline bill but report amendments
on separate paperi 118
Caption not considered until Bill perfected 85
Engrossment Effect of 37
General Appropriations Bill Senate may amend 129
General Tax Bill Senate may amend 129
Germane must be123
House Amendments to S B 8991
House Amendments to S B may be amended 89
House Amendments to S B Priority of motion to amend 90
House Amendments to S B Priority of Questions on 91
House Amendments to S B Senate Amendment to not subject to
amendment 89
Priority of j8388121123
Priority of to perfect part proposed to be stricken88123
Priority of on passage of bill 121
Precedence of motion to amendJjf 46
Postpone indefinitely motion to not amendable 69
Postpone definitely amendablei 73
Reconsideration of when 96
Report of by committee 118
Report of Committee agreed to amendments after 81
Requirements of motion to amend 82
Secretary duty of when amendments made to bill and resolutions by
sections 86
Secretary duty of in amending by inserting and striking out 87
Strike out motion to part to be striken considered first 123
Section by 86
Table amendments motion to not in order 53
Table motion to lay on or take from not amendable 56
Ways of making 79
When too late 8186
When made bill being considered by sections 86
Writing motion to amend must be in 82
67
AMENDMENTS TO CONSTITUTION
Rule No
Journal proposed recorded in 130
Yeas and Nays recorded on 130
Majority required 130
APPEALS
From Presidents decision 9
Member called to Order may appeal 15
No debate on appeals of personal character 8
Time of making 9
APPLAUSE
Prohibited in Galleries or Senate Chamber 1 26
APPROPRIATIONS
General Bill right of way 35
House must originate 129
Senate may amend appropriation bill 129
Yeas and Nays required 129
ATTENDANCE
Arrest of senators for nonattendance
Call of Senate
Messengers duty as to
Power to compell
President duty as to
AUDITING COMMITTEE
Accounts of members duty as to 140
BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS
Adverse Committee report on 38
Amendments toji 79
Amendments to passed on before caption or preamble considered 85
Amendments Bill perfected first 80
Amendments to too late 8186
Amendments by sections 86
Amendments to when too late bill being considered by sections 86
Amendments to by striking and inserting 87
Amendments by committees how reported 118
Bills perfected before substitutes80
Caption not considered until bill perfectedL 85
Committee amendments take precedence 121
Committee amendments how reported 118
100101
100
100101
100101
100101
68
Rule No
Committee reports on precedence of 41
Committee Report on effect of disposal of 3839
Committee Report favorable effect of 3860
Committee Report unfavorable effect of 3860
Commit motion to467477
Commitment to Committees 37
Debate none on first reading1 37
Deface or interline no committee shall 118
Disagreement to favorable committee report effect of 39
Engrossment effect of 37
Entries on to be made by secretary 37
Form 42
First Reading no debate 37
General Appropriations bill takes precedence 35
General bills not placed for passage out of order by unanimous
consent 40
General Tax Bill take precedence 35
Intermediate transmission to house 44
Local Bills effect of engrossment 131
Local Bills First and Second Reading 131
Local Bills third reading and placement for passage by unanimous
consent 40
Precedence of 35
President duty to commit 37
Printing of 43
Reading of by unanimous consent 40
Recommit motion to 78
Requirements of 42
Reported by committee bill may be amended before report agreed to 121
Reconsideration 9297
Reconsideration effect of 97
Second Reading after adverse committee report 38
Secretary duty of in amending by striking and inserting 87
Secretary state author and number of when reading 35
Secretary to call in order on calendar 35
Special committee motion to commit to 7475
Strike out motion to part to be stricken considered first 123
Unanimous consent for reading or consideration 40
Withdrawal of 38
Substitute Bill perfected before 80
CALL OF THE SENATE
Contempt on 12
When in order fg12101
When main question ordered 66
CAPTION
Not considered until bill perfected 85
69
CHANGE OF VOTES Rule No
How and when 126
COMMITTEES
Amendments by how reported 118
Amendments by takes precedence 121
Appointment of j 4135
Appropriations exofficio members of 135
Bills not to be interlined or defaced by Hg
Chairmen Appropriations and Finance exofficio members 135
Change after announcement no
Commit to motion to 7478
Conference how and when constituted 120
Enlarged how 110
Exofficio members of 135
Finance exofficio members of 135
President appoint 4135
President exofficio member of rules committee 135
Reports order of precedencei 41
Recommit to motion toi 78
Senators elected to fill vacancies committee assignments 110
Standing committees i 135
COMMIT MOTION TO
Amended how 77
Applicable to what 74
Debate simple motion not debatable 76
Debate motion to commit with instructions debatableL 76
Precedence among other motions 46
Precedence among motions to commit 75
Special Committee to 7475
Standing committee to takes precedence 75
Recommit motion to 78
CONTEMPT
By Outsiders 11
By Senators12101
On Call of the Senate112101
CONVERSATION
Prohibited in Senate chamber 24
Presidents right to suppress i
Senators refrain from when 17
70
DEBATE Rule No
Adjourn motion to not debatable 47
Adjourn to definite time motion to debatable 48
Adverse report debate on 60
Appeals from chair of personal character not debatable 8
Bill or resolution no debate on first reading 37
Breach of order in debate 15
Change order of business motion to not debatable 106
Commit motion to not debatable 76
Commit with instructions motion to debatable 76
Committee matters reference to out of order in 23
Conduct of Senators in15212223
Conversation reference to out of order in 23
Excuse from voting motion to not debatable 31
First reading of bill or resolution no debate 37
House happenings reference to out of order in 23
Incidental matters after motion for previous question sustained decided without debate 67
Interrogation of speakers thru president 21
Limitation of speeches 15
Minority report debate on 64
Nondebatable motion not in order when32122
Postpone definitely motion to debate limited 72
Postpone indefinitely motion to debatable 69
Previous Question motion for not debatable 59
Previous Question motion for decided affirmatively debate limited 6064 Previous Question motion for incidental questions decided without
debate 67
Priority of Business decided by President without debate 14
Reading of papers question of decided without debate 30
Roll Call no debate during 27
Suspend Rules motion to not debatable 106
Yeas and Nays motion for decided without debate 114
Yeas and Nays no debate during i 27
DISPARAGING REMARKS
Prohibited on Nominations 25
DIVISION OF SENATE
After main question orderedi 61
Call for 61
Excuse for voting motion to must be before 31
Senator may ask for 5 61
71
DIVISION OF QUESTION
Rule No
Duty of member asking 34
Right to call for 33
What divisible 3334
ENGROSSMENT
Effect of 37
ENROLLMENT COMMITTEE
Clerks examine and approve 133
Clerks recommend removal of 133
EXCEPTION TO WORDS SPOKEN
Procedure for taking 16
EXECUTIVE SESSION
References to Special Rules
Cleared Senate Chamber cleared of all persons except senators secretary and assistant secretary 2
Journal message informing governor of action on nominees record
in regular journal 4
Journal separate journal for executive sessions 4
Journal secret 357
Governor informed of action on nominees by secretary 45
Nomination majority necessary to confirm 6
Nomination how put 6
Nomination when considered 16
Nominees discussion of secret 357
Nominees secretary inform governor of action on 5
Proceedings kept in separate book from legislative proceedings 4
Proceedings kept secret 357
Procedure 26
Remarks of Senators kept secret 3
Secretary and assistant in senate during session 2
Secretary duty as to journal 45
Secretary inform governor of action on nomineesi 5
Secrecy required 2357
Senate chamber cleared of all persons except senators secretary and
assistant secretary during sessionr 2
Senators shall not disclose proceedings or happenings of session 37
Votes on nominations kept secret 5
Votes record of sealed and filed with Secretary of State 5
Votes result only announced 5
72
EXPLANATION OF VOTES Rule No
When and time allowed 29
EXPULSION OF MEMBERS
When and how 15
DOORKEEPER
Clear lobbies and galleries when 11
Messages duty in receiving 102
Suspension ofteg 10
GALLERIES
Applause or hisses prohibited in 26
President may clear 11
GENERAL ASSEMBLY
Minutes of joint sessions of kept in Senate Journal 134
GENERAL APPROPRIATIONS BILLS
Precedence of 35
Senate may amend only 129
GENERAL TAX BILL
Precedence of 35
Senate may amend only 129
GOVERNOR
Entitled to privileges of the Floor 111
HOUR OF ADJOURNMENT
Effect of arrival of 5259
Effect of arrival of when Senate acting under previous question 5259
Effect of arrival of vote being taken by yeas and nays 52
Fixed by Senatei 113
Provided 113
IMMEDIATE TRANSMISSION TO THE HOUSE
Majority vote necessary for 44
Reconsideration of motion for 95
When ordered 44
73
JOINT SESSION
RULES OF GENERAL ASSEMBLY IN JOINT SESSION References to Special Rules
Adjourn motion to see motion to dissolve Rule No
Appeals from decisions of chair O
Change of vote when allowed 10
Commendatory remarks prohibited 8
Elections by24910
Elections change of vote on 10
Elections majority for 3
Elections only one at time 3
Elections record of vote kept in House Journal 2
Elections vote how taken 239
Elections where held 2
Debate no debate except on points of order 11
Dissolve motion to not in order after roll call commenced 13
Dissolve motion to effect of when prevailing 15
Dissolve motion to and reconvene at definite time takes precedence 13
Dissolve motion to definite and indefinite 12
Dissolve motion to when in order 13
Dissolve motion to when lost in order again when 14
Journal of House contain record of vote on elections 2
Majority necessary for election 3
Nominations no commendatory remarks by member making 8
Nominations no second of in order 9
Nominations roll call on
Order points of debatable H
Presiding Officer President of Senatej 26
Presiding Officer duties of 6915
Place of meeting 25
Procedure
Quorum 1
Roll Call on elections 9
Roll Commenced motion to dissolve not in order 13
Rules how changed 17
Rules consent of both houses to necessary 17
Senate repair to Hall of House of Representatives 5
Senate return to Senate Chamber on dissolution 15
Sessions continue how long 13
Speaker of House sit at left of president of Senate 7
State officers election of
Time of meeting l
Voting239
Vote change of 1
74
JOURNAL Rule No
Absentees Contain names of 90
Appropriations motion for yeas and nays recorded on 129
Committee on duty to read H2
Constitutional amendments recorded in 130
Constitutional amendments yeas and nays recorded on 130
Constitution requires twothirds majority for passage of bill or resolution yeas and nays shall be recorded 130
General Assembly minutes kept in Senate 134
Oaths minutes of oaths kept in 133
Protest of Senators entry in 20
Reconsideration of matters in 92
Senators not voting on yeas and nays names entered in 108
LAUDATORY REMARKS
Prohibitedb 25
LOCAL BILLS
Engrossment effect of 131
First and Second reading 131
Reading of third time and put on passage by unanimous consent 40
MAIN QUESTION
Adjourn motion to not in order after main question ordered 5059
Call of Senate after ordered 66
Call of Senate after main question ordered 66
Debate time allowed for majority after main question ordered 60
Debate time allowed minority after main question ordered 64
Debate time allowed author after main question ordered 646667
Division of Senate 61
Effect of when order5960646667
Reconsideration of ordering 63
Table motion to not in order after main question ordered 5859
Vote how taken when ordered 61
MAJORITY
Change rules or order of business necessary to45139
Election necessary for 128
MEMORIALS
Presentment and consideration 195
MINORITY REPORTS
Debate on 04
Minority may make reports how J24
75
MESSAGES
Rule No
Consideration ofj 103
How sent received announced and considered 102
Received from the Governor or House at any time137
When Received103137
MESSENGER
Arrest senators power to on order of president100101
Clear galleries and lobbies when 11
Duty of on call of Senate 101
ExOfficio SergeantatArmsI 100
General duties 116117
Suspension of 10
MOTIONS
Information for from executive department lie on table one day 125
Germane motion to amend must be 123
Nondebatable not in order when32122
One at time only 28
Order of business motion to change not debatable 106
Order of business motion to change vote necessary45139
Order of priorityi 46
Privilege question of take precedenceu 127
Reading by secretary effect of104
Read papers motion to not debatable 30
Rules motion to change or suspend vote necessary 139
Rules motion to change or suspend how submitted 138
Seconding not required 109
Senator resume seat while motion is being put 28
Special Orders motion to make how submitted 36
Statement of by chair effect of 104
Strike out motion to part to be striken considered first 123
Unprivileged containing new matter lie on table one day 107
Withdrawal of 104
NEW MATTERS
Information from executive department motion for lie on table one
day 125
Unprivileged motion containing lie on table one day 107
Unanimous consent for140
NOMINATIONS
Disparaging remarks prohibited in 25
Laudatory Remarks prohibited in 25
76
OATHS Rule No
Assistant SecretaryI 132
ClerksI 133
Entered in Journal 133
Secretarys 132
ORDER OF BUSINESS
Established 136
Majority necessary to change order fixed by rules committee 45
Majority necessary to change order 139
Motion to change not debatable 106
Priority of decided by president without debate 14
Rules committee fix during last fifteen days of session 45
Special orders motion for how submitted 36
PAIRING
Not recognizedJ5p 119
PARLIAMENTARY LAW
Applicable when 141
PETITIONS
Presentment and considerationJ 105
PREAMBLE
Not considered until bill or resolution perfected 85
POSTPONE TO DEFINITE DAY MOTION TO
Applicable to what73
Amendments subject to 73
Debate limited1 72
Impossible day motion to postpone to treated how 73
Precedence of 4670
Renewal when lost cannot be made again the same day 72
POSTPONE INDEFINITELY MOTION TO
Applicable to what 70
Amendments not subject toI 69
Debate subject toE 69
Effect when motion prevails 68
Impossible motion to postpone to impossible day treated how 73
Precedence of 4670
Renewal when lost motion cannot be again made on same matter 71
77
PRESIDENT Rule No
Absence of president pro tem preside 7
Adjournment Senators remain until president retires 22
Appeals from decisions of8915
Arrest president may order of persons disturbing senate 11
Arrest Senators power to order when absent100101
Attendance power to compel100101
Business priority of decided by 14
Call of Senate power and duty on1213101
Committees appointed by 4135
Commitment of bills and resolutions on first reading 37
Courtesy due by Senators to at adjournment 22
Conference Committee appointed by 120
Division may order 5
Galleries power to clear 11
Interrogation of senators thru 21
Irrevelant debate power to suspend 1
Lobbies power to clear 11
Method of stating question 5
Messages duty on receiving 103
No quorum voting duty of president 1213
Recognition of Senators decided by 3
Rules committee exofficio chairman of 135
Signs all writs warrants etc of Senate 115
Silence power to command 1
Senator may name to preside 6
Senator may call to order for breach of rules 15
Senators elected after committees appointed president may appoint
to committees 110
Standing Committees appointment of 135
Suspension of officers by 10
Vote president required to when 2
Vacant chairmanships power to fill 110
PRESIDENT PRO TEMPORE
Absence of president and president pro tempore secretary shall call
election of president pro tempore 7
Duties of17
PREVIOUS QUESTION
Adjournment effect of arrival of hour of Senate acting under 52
Adjourn motion to after motion for previous question sustained 5059
Affirmative vote on effect of59606467
Applicable to what 65
Call of Senate after previous question ordered 66
78
Rule No
Debate regulated previous question decided affirmatively 6064
Debate motion for not subject to 59
Exhausted before matters excepted to decided 16
Incidental questions arising after previous question ordered decided
without debate 67
Precedence of motion for 4659
Reconsideration 63
Table motion to after motion for previous question sustained 5859
PRIVILEGE
Motion without to lie on table 107
Personal 127
Question of what constitute127
Questions of take precedence 127
PRIVILEGE OF THE FLOOR
When extended to visitors 111
Who entitled to 111
PRINTING OF BILLS
When ordered 43
PROTESTS OF SENATORS
Procedure for 20
QUORUM
Call of Senate no quorum voting 101
No quorum voting duty of president1213101
No quorum voting president may order yeas and nays 13
READING OF PAPERS
Determined by Senate 30
RECOMMIT MOTION TO
Applicable to what 78
RECONSIDERATION
Amendments of 96
Applicable to what 92
Committee Reports of action on 39
Effect of 6397
Immediate transmission motion for reconsidered when 95
79
Rule No
Intervening days effect ofI 95
Main question ordering of may be reconsidered 63
Main question ordering of may be reconsidered only once 63
Notice requiredp 93
One time no matter reconsidered but J 94
Previous question reconsideration of 63
When and how asked 9295
When motion for is in order92
REMONSTRANCES
Presentment and Consideration 105
REPORTS OF COMMITTEES
Amendments after agreement toj 81
Disagreement to effect of 39
Favorable report effect of 38
Form of 124
Minority reports 124
Procedure after 3839
Precedence of41
Reconsideration of action on 39
Unfavorable report 38
Writing must be in 124
RULES
Change proposal to must be submitted in writing and referred to
Rules committee 138
Majority necessary to change 139
Special orders motion to make how submitted1 36
Suspend motion to not debatable 106
Suspended how 106138139
RULES COMMITTEE
Change in rules all proposals for submitted to 138
Order of business for last fifteen days fixed by 45
Report of in order at any time 137
Special orders must be reported on by 36
SECRETARY
Absence of president and president pro tern call election for president pro tem 7
Absentees note name of 99
Amending bills by sections duty of in 86
80
Ee No
Amending bills by striking and inserting duty of in 87
Attest all writs warrants etc of Senate 115
Bills and Resolutions called in order by from calendar 35
Bills and Resolutions Engrossed Entries on to be made by 37
Bills and Resolutions state number and author of in calling 35
Bond of 32
Clerks appointment of 133
General assembly joint session keep minutes of 134
Journal duty to enter names of Senators not voting on yeas and nays 108
Oath 132
SENATORS
Adjournment duty of at 22
Accounts of duty of auditing committee as to 140
Applause prohibitedj 26
Arrest power of president to order100101
Attendance power of president to compel100101
Call of Senate may ask 131
Called to order for transgression of rules 15
Committee assignments when elected after organization of Senate
completed H3
Conduct in debate15171821232632
Comtempt of the Senate 12
Conversation refrain from 1
Courtesy owed Senator speaking 22
Debate how often speak 15
Debate reference to private conversations committee or house
happenings prohibited in 23
Decorum of1517192126
Division of Question may ask for 33
Division of Question duty of Senator asking for 34
Division of Senate may ask for 561
Disparaging Remarks prohibited 25
Exceptions to words spoken 1
Expulsion of 1
Interrogation of thru president 21
Laudatory remarks prohibited 25
Meissenger duty of to H7
Motion make only one at time 28
Motion must resume seat while motion being put 28
Motion prohibited from making nondebatable when32122
Not voting names of entered in Journal 13
Pairing of not recognized H
Personal Privilege 127
81
S
Rule No
Preside president may designate Senators to 6
Protest of Senate action by 20
Reading of Papers call for 30
Recognition order of decided by president 3
Retire when required to 19
Retire not allowed to when12100
Senators refer to Senators by districts andnot by name 18
Special Orders request for 36
Stationery messenger shall supply 117
Unanimous consent right to ask for 40
Vote changing how and when 126
Vote Explanation of 29
Vote refusal to on call of Senate 12
Vote shall not when interested 19
Voting motion to excuse from 31
Yeas and Nays call for 61
SERGEANTATARMS
Duty of on Gall of the Senater 101
Messenger exofficio 100
SIGNATURE OF PRESIDENT AND SECRETARY
When required 115
SILENCE
Senators preserve 17
SMOKING
Prohibited 24
SPECIAL COMMITTEE
Priority of Motion to commit to 7475
SPECIAL ORDER
How obtainedij 36
SUBSTITUTE
Bill perfected before 80
Table motion to not in order 53
SUSPENSION OF RULES
How accomplished106138139
82
TABLE MOTION TO Rule No
Amendment motion to table not in order 53
Amendment motion to table or take from table not subject to 56
Applicable to what57
Debate motion to table or take from table not subject to 56
Effect when motion to take from table prevails 54
Information from executive department motion for lie on table one
day 125
Motion to take from table in order when 5455
Main Question ordered motion to table not in order 5859
Precedence ofL 46
Previous question motion for sustained motion to table in order 5859
Renewal of motion to table or take from table 55
Substitute not subject to 53
Unprivileged motion containing new matter lie on table one day 107
When ip order motion to table and take from table 5558
TWOTHIRDS VOTE WHEN NECESSARY
Constitution Amendment 130
Ekpulsion of Senators 15
Yeas and Nays recorded when constitution requires 130
UNANIMOUS CONSENT
Explanation of vote by 29
Limitation and regulation of 40
Local bills considered by when 40
New matters consideration byj 40
No request to extend time of explanation shall be entertained 29
YEAS AND NAYS
Adjournment effect of arrival of hour of while vote being taken by 52
Adjourn motion to not in order during call of 50
Appropriations record of required on all 129
Call for after main question ordered 61
Change vote after call of 126
Constitution requiring twothird vote for passage of bill yeas and
nays shall be recorded 130
Constitution amendment to required and recorded on 130
Debate no debate during call of 27
Debate motion or call for not debatable 114
Explanation of vote when vote taken by 29
Excuse from voting motion to must be made before start of 31
Expulsion of Senator vote by 15
Journal show when61129130
Journal show names of Senators not voting on 108
President may order no quorum voting 1213
Required when61129130
83
OFFICERS
OF THE
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
1933 AND 1935
E D RIVERS of LanierSpeaker
E G ARNALL of CowetaSpeaker Pro Tem
ANDREW J ICINGERY of EmanuelClerk
HERBERT H WIND of GradyMessenger
R S TALMADGE of JasperDoorkeeper
L PAUL WEBB of FranklinReading Clerk
JOE BOONE of WilkinsonJournal Clerk
JOHN JONES of LumpkinMessenger Clerk
WILLIAM BLAND of StewartEngrossing Clerk
MEMBERS
OF THE
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
ALPHABETICALLY ARRANGED ACCORDING TO NAMES WITH COUNTIES AND POSTOFFICES
Name
Alexander Columbus E
Allen Hubert B
Allen L O
Allen Marion H
Almand E L
Ansley 0 C
Arnall Ellis G
Ashley James D
Bargeron J J
Barker G W
Barrett J B R
Batchelor F S
Bean O C
Beasley John O
Bennet Sam S
Black John D
Bland D G
Boyd B W
Brown S Hadley
Brunson William
Bruton D F
Bryan T R Sr
Burson Tom
Burton Rush
Bush I B
Cain John M
Calhoun Charles H
Cartledge J L
Chappell Allen
Chappell Joseph J
Childs J T
Clark J H1
Claxton O S
Clements F L
County PostOffice
Chatham Savannah
Cobb Marietta
Jackson Hoschton
Baldwin Milledgeville
Walton Monroe
Lee Smithville
Coweta Newnan
Lowndes Valdosta
Burke Sardis
Heard Franklin
White Cleveland
Putnam Eatonton
Carroll Bowdon
Tattnall Glennville
Dougherty Albany
Forsyth Cumming
Stewart Lumpkin
Greene Union Point
Glynn Brunswick
Laurens Dublin
Cook Adel
Bulloch Brooklet
Barrow Winder
Franklin Lavonia
Miller Colquitt
Crisp Cordele
Wilkes Washington
Richmond Augusta
Sumter Americus
Laurens Dublin
Taylor Butler
Catoosa Ringgold
Johnson Wrightsville
Marion Buena Vista
86
Name
Clements J McRae
Collier Miles
Comas Dr P H
Courson W S
Coxon Mrs Helen W
Crawford E F
Crawford J S
Culpepper J W
Daughtry A W
Davis Duke
Davis Ernest M
Davis J Scott
DeFore Walter
Dickerson Frank M
Dickey B Y
Dixon T J
Dobbins Harold
Donaldson Geo P
Dorsett L Z
Duncan J P
Dyal John A
Dyer Stonewall H
Eckford George A
Edwards W C
Elliott B S
Ennis J Howard
Epting Eugene
Evans Randall Jr Fagan E Leroy
Flynt J J
Franklin Omer W
Freeman Wm B
Gary Dr Loren
Gaskins J Henry
Gillen L Thos
Gillis N L Jr1
Goodwin W M
Goolsby B E
Green Lamar
Griffin Ernest H
Groves L C
Ham C T
Hampton H W
Hand Fred B
Harden C Z
County PostOffice
Wheeler Alamo
Madison Colbert
Appling Baxley
Brantley Lulatpn
Long Ludowici
Union Blairsville
Floyd Rome
Fayette Fayetteville
Wilkinson Allentown
Troup LaGrange
Mitchell Camilla
Floyd Cave Spring
Bibb Macon
Clinch Homerville
Gordon Calhoun
Pierce Patterson
Morgan Rutledge
Bulloch Statesboro
Carroll Carrollton
Houston Perry
Camden Woodbine
Coweta Newnan
Fulton Atlanta
Stephens Toccoa
Henry McDonough
Baldwin Milledgeville
Clarke Athens
McDuffie Thomson
Peach Fort Valley
Spalding Griffin
Lowndes Valdosta
Monroe Forsyth
Quitman Georgetown
Berrien Nashville
Bibb Macon
Treutlen Soperton
Washington Sander sville
Jasper Monticello
Rabun Clayton
Decatur Bainbridge
Lincoln Lincolnton
Echols iStatenville
Gilmer Ellijay
Mitchell Pelham
Turner Ashburn
Name
Hardy B H
Harris Roy V
Harrison E
Harrison W Terrell
Hartsfield William B
Hendricks W A
Hendrix G R E
Herndon T Oscar
HU1 A F
Hodges W O
Holland Gilbert S
Hollis M R
Holt W K
Hudgins Carl T
Jenkins J H
Johnson A S
Johnson J E
Johnson M L
Johnson R C
Johnston W S
Jones Fred C
Jones John J
Jordan C C
Kelley T F
Kennedy John G
Keown C B
Kiker C W
Kimbrough Henry C
King Charles C
King E R
Lane Eugene S
Lanham Henderson L
Lanier Wilmer D
Lee J F
Leonard E AI
Lindsay Paul L
Littlefield J C Jr
Longley Frank P
Lott James M
Manning James T
Martin S W
Martin W D
Maxwell C H
McLeod A N
Melton F B
County PortOffice
Lamar Barnesville
Richmond Augusta
Crawford Mussella
Troup West Point
Fulton Atlanta
Muscogee Columbus
Dodge Eastman
Hart Hartwell
Meriwether Greenville
Liberty Hinesville
Chattooga Holland
Chattahoochee Cusseta
Wilcox Rochelle
DeKalb Decatur
Dooly Vienna
Montgomery Mount Vernon
Seminole Donaldsonville
Bartow Cass Station
Pike Zebulon
Upson Thomaston
Lumpkin Dahlonega
Burke Waynesboro
Schley Ellaville
Elbert Elberton
Chatham Savannah
Whitfield Dalton
Fannin Epworth
Harris Chipley
Newton Covington
Clay Fort Gines
Jenkins Millen
Floyd Rome
Richmond Augusta
Pulaski Hawkins ville
Walker LaFayette
DeKalb Atlanta
Charlton Folkston
Troup LaGrange
Coffee Douglas
Cobb Marietta
Jeff Davis Hazlehurst
Jackson Commerce
Grady Calvary
Baker Newton
Early Blakely
88
Name
County PostOffice
Middlebrooks J A
Miller A L
MincheW A T
Mitchell F G
Mixon Warren R
Montgomery J W
Moore G N
Moore H Grady
Moye Robert L
Mundy W W
Myrick Shelby
Nelson J W
Palmour Ernest Jr
Palmour Dr H
Park Orville A
Parker John O
Parramore W V
Patten M S
Peebles L L
Peebles Wm S
Peek Dr O W
Persons Henry
Peters J S
Pittard Mack
Pope J Ellis
Pound Marvin G
Preston J T
Rabun J P
Rawlins Preston
Rawlins W M
Reiser J W
Rivers E D
Robison J E Jr
Rogers John H
Rogers L W
Rountree J Leonard
Sammon F Q
Sartain J A
Scott W Fred
Scruggs M P
Settle E S
Simmons John M
Simms T O
Smith W H
Spivey John B
JonesGray
CalhounEdison
Atkinson Axson
TaliaferroCrawf of dville
IrwinOcilla
WebsterPreston
HaralsonBuchanan
Clayton Conley
RandolphCuthbert
Polk Cedartown
Chatham Savannah
Macon Ideal
HallGainesville
DawsonDawsonville
BibbMacon
ColquittMoultrie
Bleckley Cochran
TiftTifton
Glascock Gibson
Bartowiff Cartersville
Polk Cedartown
TalbotTalbotton
Meriwether Manchester
GwinnettDuluth
Toombs Lyons
Hancock Sparta
WaltonMonroe
Jefferson Stapleton
TelfairMcRae
Ben Hill Fitzgerald
EffinghamClyo
Lanier Lakeland
Thomas Thomasville
Spalding Griffin
WayneJesup
Emanuel Summit
GwinnettLawrenceville
WalkerLaFay ett e
ThomasThomasville
WashingtonSandersville
ButtsJackson
Decatur Bainbridge
BrooksQuitman
DodgeEastman
EmanuelSwainsboro
89
Name
Stanton G V
Still Luther H
Stokes W O
Strickland D S
Strong C S
Stukes Lionel
Sumner Gordon S
Sutton W A
Swain O M
Tate Luke
Teasley John R
Thomas W M
Thompson J R Jr
Thrasher Roy
Tillman O T
Tippins B G
Tipton J H
Tolbert Mrs Wheeler K
Townsend J M C
Trapnell J Comer
Turner A Mell
Twitty Russell
Vaughn O R
Walker R W
Warnell D B
Watkins T R
Watson Herman H
Weeks Dr J L
Westbrook Cruger
Wilkinson Henry A
Williams C A
Williams T D
Williams W E
Wilson Fain S
Wood J Emory
Wood T H
County PostOffice
Ware Waycross
Fulton Atlanta
Twiggs Jeffersonville
Douglas Douglasville
Hah Murrayville
Sumter Americus
Worth Poulan
Colquitt Moultrie
Warren Norwood
Pickens Tate
Cherokee Canton
Banks Homer
Muscogee Columbus
Oconee Watkinsville
Brooks Quitman
Evans Bellville
Worth Sylvester
Muscogee Columbus
Dade Wildwood
Candler Metter
DeKalb Decatur
Ware Waycross
Rockdale Conyers
Screven Halcyondale
Bryan Pembroke
Oglethorpe Lexington
Paulding Dallas
Columbia Harlem
Dougherty Albany
Terrell Dawson
Bacon Alma
Habersham Demorest
McIntosh Meridian
Murray Ramhurst
Clarke Athens
Towns l Hiawassee
90
MEMBERS
OF THE
GEORGIA HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
BY COUNTIES AND POSTOFFICES For the Term 19331935
County Name
Postoffice
Appling
Atkinson
Bacon
Baker
Baldwin
Baldwin
Banks
Barrow Bartow Bartow Ben Hill Berrien
Bibb
Bibb
Bibb
Bleckley Brantley Brooks Brooks Bryan
Bulloch
Bulloch
Burke
Burke
Butts
Calhoun Camden Candler
Dr P H Comas
A T Minchew
C A Williams
A N McLeod
Marion H Allen J Howard Ennis
W M Thomas
Tom Burson
M L Johnson
Wm S Peebles
W M Rawlins
J Henry Gaskins
Walter DeFore
L Thos Gillen
Orville A Park
W V Parramore W S Courson
T C Simms
C T Tillman
D B Warnell
Geo P Donaldson
T R Bryan Sr
J J Bargeron
John J Jones
E S Settle
A L Miller
John A Dyal
J Comer Trapnell
Baxley
Axson
Alma
Newton
Milledgeville
Milledgeville
Homer
Winder
Cass Station
Carters ville
Fitzgerald
Nashville
Macon
Macon
Macon
Cochran
Lulaton
Quitman
Quitman
Pembroke
Statesboro
Brooklet
Sardis
Waynesboro
Jackson
Edison
Woodbine
Metter
91
County
Name
Postoffice
CarrolLC C Bean1
CarrolLL Z Dorsett
CatoosaJ H Clark
CharltonJ C Littlefield Jr
ChathamColumbus E Alexander
ChathamJohn G Kennedy
Chatham Shelby Myrick
ChattahoocheeM R Hollis
ChattoogaGilbert S Holland
CherokeeJohn R Teasley
ClarkeEugene Epting
ClarkeJ Emory Wood
ClayE R King
ClaytonH Grady Moore
ClinchFrank M Dickerson
CobbHubert B Allen
CobbJames T Manning
CoffeeJames M Lott
ColquittJohn C Parker
ColquittW A Sutton
ColumbiaDr J L Weeks
CookD F Bruton
CowetaEllis G Arnall
CowetaStonewall H Dyer
CrawfordE S Harrison
CrispfcJohn M Cain
DadeJ M C Townsend
DawsonDr H Palmour
DecaturErnest H Griffin
DecaturJohnM Simmons
DeKalbCarl T Hudgins
DeKalbPaul L Lindsay
DeKalbA Mell Turner
DodgeG R E Hendrix
DodgeW H Smith
DoolyJ H Jenkins
DoughertySam S Bennet
DoughertyCruger Westbrook
DouglasD S Strickland
Early F B Melton
EcholsC T Ham
Effingham1J W Reiser
ElbertT F Kelley
EmanuelJ Leonard Rountree
EmanuelJohnB Spivey
92
Bowdon Carrollton Ringgold Folkston Savannah Savannah Savannah Cusseta Holland Canton Athens Athens Fort Gaines Conley Homerville Marietta Marietta Douglas Moultrie Moultrie Harlem Adel Newnan Newnan Mussella Cordele Wildwood Dawsonville Bainbridge Bainbridge Decatur Atlanta Decatur Eastman Eastman Vienna Albany Albany Douglasville Blakely Staten ville Clyo Elberton Summit Swainsboro
County Name Postoffice
Evans JB G Tippins Bellville
Fannin 0 W Hiker Epworth
Fayette J W Culpepper Fayetteville
Floyd J S Crawford Rome
Floyd J Scott Davis Cave Spring
Floyd Henderson L Lanham Rome
Forsyth JohnD Black Gumming
Franklin Rush Burton Lavonia
Fulton George A Eckford Atlanta
Fulton William B Hartsfield Atlanta
Fulton Luther H Still Atlanta
Gilmer H W Hampton Ellijay
Glascock L L Peebles Gibson
Glynn S Hadley Brown Brunswick
Gordon B Y Dickey Calhoun
Grady C H Maxwell Calvary
Greene B W Boyd Union Point
Gwinnett Mack Pittard Duluth
Gwinnett F Q Sarnmnn Lawrenceville
Habersham T D Williams Demorest
Hah Ernest Palmour Jr Gainesville
Hall 0 S Strong Murrayville
Hancock Marvin G Pound Sparta
Haralson G N Moore Buchanan
Harris Henrv 0 Kimbrough Chipley
Hart T Oscar Herndon Hartwell
Heard G W Barker Franklin
Henry B S Elliott McDonough
Houston J P Duncan Perry
Irwin Warren R Mixon Ocilla
Jackson L C Allen Hoschton
Jackson W D Martin Commerce
Jasper B E Goolsby Monticello
Jeff Davis S W Martin Hazlehurst
Jefferson J P Rabun Stapleton
Jenkins Eugene S Lane Millen
Johnson C S Claxton Wrightsville
Jones J A Middlebrooks Gray
Lamar B H Hardy Barnesville
Lanier E D Rivers Lakeland
Laurens William Brunson Dublin
Laurens Joseph J Chappell Dublin
Lee C C Ansley Smithville
Liberty W 0 Hodges Hinesville
Lincoln L C Groves Lincolnton
93
County
Name
PostOffice
Tnrtg Mrs Helen W Coxon
LowndesJames D Ashley
LowndesOmer W Franklin
LumpkinFred C Jones
McDuffieRandall Evans Jr
McIntoshW E Williams
MaconJ W Nelson
MadisonMiles Collier
MarionJF L Clements
MeriwetherA F Hill
MeriwetherJ S Peters
MillerL B Bush
MitchellErnest M Davis
MitchellFred B Hand
MonroeWm B Freeman
MontgomeryA S Johnson
MorganHarold Dobbins
Murray jFain S Wilson
MuscogeeW A Hendricks
MuscogeeMrs Wheeler K Tolbert
MuscogeeJ R Thompson Jr
NewtonCharles C King
OconeeRoy Thrasher
OglethorpeT R Watkins
PauldingHerman H Watson
PeachE Leroy Fagan
Pickens Luke Tate
PierceT J Dixon
PikeR C Johnson
Polk W W Mundy
PolkDr C W Peek
PulaskiJ F Lee
PutnamF S Batchelor
QuitmanDr Loren Gary
RabunLamar Green
RandolphRobert L Moye
RichmondJ L Cartledge
RichmondRoy V Harris
RichmondWilmer D Lanier
RockdaleO R Vaughn
SchleyC C Jordan
ScrevenR W Walker
SeminoleJ E Johnson
SpaldingJ J Flynt
SpaldingJohn H Rogers
Ludowici
Valdosta
Valdosta
Dahlonega
Thomson
Meridian
Ideal
Colbert
Buena Vista
Greenville
Manchester
Colquitt
Camilla
Pelham
Forsyth
Mount Vernon
Rutledge
Ramhurst
Columbus
Columbus
Columbus
Covington
Watkinsville
Lexington
Dallas
Fort Valley
Tate
Patterson
Zebulon
Cedartown
Cedartown
Hawkinsville
Eatonton
Georgetown
Clayton
Cuthbert
Augusta
Augusta
Augusta
Conyers
Ellaville
Halcyondale
Donaldsonville
Griffin
Griffin
94
County
Name
PostOffice
StephensW C Edwards
StewartD G Bland
SumterAllen Chappell
SumterLionel Stukes
TalbotHenry Persons
TaliaferroF G Mitchell
TattnallJohn 0 Beasley
TaylorJ T Childs
TelfairPreston Rawlins
Terrell Henry A Wilkinson
ThomasJ E Robison Jr
ThomasW Fred Scott
TiftM S Patten
ToombsJ Ellis Pope
TownsT H Wood
TreutlenN LGillis Jr
TroupDuke Davis
TroupW Terrell Harrison
TroupFrank P Longley
Turner0 Z Harden
TwiggsW C Stokes
UnionE F Crawford
UpsonW S Johnston
WalkerE A Leonard
WalkerJ A Sartain
WaltonE L Almand
WaltonJ T Preston
Ware C V Stanton
WareRussell Twitty
WarrenC M Swain
WashingtonW M Goodwin
WashingtonM P Scruggs
WayneL W Rogers
WebsterJ W Montgomery
WheelerJ McRae Clements
White J B R Barrett
WhitfieldC B Keown
WilcoxW K Holt
WilkesCharles H Calhoun
WilkinsonA W Daughtry
WorthGordon S Sumner
WorthJ H Tipton
Toccoa
Lumpkin
Americus
Americus
Talbotton
Crawfdrdville
Glennville
Butler
McRae
Dawson
Thomasville
Thomasville
Tifton
Lyons
Hiawassee
Soperton
LaGrange
West Point
LaGrahge
Ashburn
Jeffersonville
Blairsville
Thomaston
LaFayette
LaFayette
Monroe
Monroe
Waycross
Waycross
Norwood
Sandersville
Sandersville
Jesup
Preston
Alamo
Cleveland
Dalton
Rochelle
Washington
Allentown
Poulan
Sylvester
95
STANDING COMMITTEES
OF THE
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
1933 1935
ACADEMY FOR THE BLIND
Stokes Chairman Melton ViceChairman Patten Secretary
Alexander of Chatham Allen of Jackson Ansley of Lee
Beasley of Tattnall
Brown of Glynn
Dyal
Elliott
Kelley
McLeod
AMENDMENTS TO THE CONSTITUTION NUMBER ONE
Lanier Chairman Goodwin
Moye ViceChairman Groves
Martin of Jackson Secretary Hartsfield
Alexander Kennedy
Allen of Baldwin King of Newton
Bennet Park
Chappell of Laurens Parker
Culpepper Simmons
Davis of Mitchell Tippins
Dorsett Tipton
Dyer Townsend
Evans Turner
Gillen Vaughn
Gillis Wilkinson
AMENDMENTS TO THE CONSTITUTIC
NUMBER TWO
Griffin Chairman Duncan
Hudgins ViceChairman Epting
Kelley Secretary Flynt
Arnall Harris
Calhoun Hodges
Claxton Johnson of Moni
Crawford of Floyd Lindsay
DeFore Manning
Dickey Mundy
Myrick
Palmour of Hall Pope
Rawlins of Telfair Stanton
Strickland
Stukes
Watkins
Williams of Bacon
APPROPRIATIONS
Mundy Chairman Harris ViceChairman Pope Secretary Alexander Allen of Baldwin Allen of Jackson Almand Arnall Barker Barrett Bean Brown Bruton Burson Cartledge
Chappell of Laurens Chappell of Sumter Clements of Wheeler Collier Courson
Crawford of Floyd
Daughtry
Donaldson
Dyal
Dyer
Eckford
Ennis
Epting
Flynt
Gillen
Gillis
Goolsby
Hampton
Hand
Hardy of Lamar Hendricks of Muscogee
Herndon
Hodges
Hudgins
Johnson of Bartow
Johnston of Upson
Kelley
Lindsay
Littlefield
Longley
Melton
Mitchell
Mixon
Moore of Clayton Palmour of Hall Parramore Peek
Rawlins of Ben Hill
Rogers of Spalding
Rogers of Wayne
Rountree
Sammon
Sartain
Scott
Scruggs
Settle
Simms
Stokes
Strickland
Sumner
Swain
Thomas
Tolbert
Watson
Weeks
Williams of Habersham
99
AUDITING
Townsend Chairman Ham ViceChairman Moore of Clayton Secretary Batchelor Boyd Bush Fagan Franklin Freeman
Green of Rabun
Groves
Hand
Hollis
Lee
Palmour of Dawson Tillman Townsend Turner
AVIATION
Hartsfield Chairman Moore of Clayton
ViceChairman Twitty Secretary Allen of Baldwin Ashley
Davis of Troup
Freeman
Groves
Johnson of Pike Lanier Nelson Thompson
BANKS AND BANKING
Beasley Chairman Boyd ViceChairman Black Secretary Allen of Cobb Amali Brown
Crawford of Floyd
Davis of Mitchell
Dickerson
Dobbins
Donaldson
Flynt
Gaskins
Hampton
Harris
Hill
Hudgins
Johnson of Seminole
Kennedy
McLeod
Minchew
Moye
Park
Palmour of Hall
Persons
Peters
Pittard
Pope
Pound
Rawlins of Ben Hill
100
Robison Swain
Settle Tate
Simmons Teasley
Spivey Warnell
Stanton Watkins
Stukes Weeks
COMMERCE
Sammon Chairman Dickerson ViceChairman Dyal Secretary Batchelor Bennet Bland Childs
Davis of Troup Fagan
Jones of Burke Johnson of Pike
King of Clay
Lanham
Middlebrooks
Miller
Mixon
Park
Pittard
Smith
Thrasher
Westbrook
Williams of McIntosh
CONSERVATION
Johnson of Montgomery Chairman Green of Rabun
ViceChairman Minchew Secretary Almand Black Bland Brunson Bryan
Chappell of Laurens
Collier
Coxon
Daughtry
Dickerson
Dobbins
Eckford
Edwards
Evans
Gillen
101
Goodwin Ham Herndon Holland Holt Leonard
Moore of Clayton Palmour Persons Pound Rabun Rountree Simmons Stanton Swain Tolbert Warnell Wilkinson
Woe A
LIBRARY
CORPORATION
Rawlins of Ben Hill Chairman Maxwell
ViceChairman Lee Secretary Bargeron Bennet Bland Bush
Culpepper Davis of Floyd DeFore
COUNTIES AS
Brown Chairman Gaskins ViceChairman Dobbins Secretary Allen of Cobb Almand Barrett Boyd Cartledge
Chappell of Sumter
Collier
Courson
Crawford of Union
Daughtry
Dickerson
Dixon
Dyer
Evans
Goolsby
Griffin
Hampton
Fagan
Gary
Gillen
Harrison of Troup
Hollis
Kimbrough
Middlebrooks
Pittard
Rabun
Sutton
Westbrook
Wilkinson
COUNTY MATTERS
Harris
Herndon
Holland
Holt
Keown
Kiker
Lane
Lee
Melton
Rawlins of Ben Hill Robison
Rogers of Spalding
Rogers of Wayne
Scott
Scruggs
Spivey
Swain
Twitty
Wilson
Wood of Towns
102
DRAINAGE
Tillman Chairman Scruggs ViceChairman Thomas Secretary Ashley Childs Edwards
Harrison of Crawford Miller
Moore of Haralson Nelson
Peebles of Bartow
Peters
Still
Tate
Walker
Wilson
EDUCATION NUMBER ONE
Rountree Chairman Jenkins ViceChairman Bruton Secretary Allen of Baldwin Bargeron Barker Bryan Cartledge
Clements of Marion Coxon
Davis of Floyd
Dickey
Dorsett
Freeman
Gary
Griffin
Hand
Harden
Harrison of Troup
Herndon
Holt
Johnson of Bartow
Johnson of Montgomery
Johnston
Jordan
Kelley
Kimbrough
Lindsay
103
Lott
Manning
Martin of Jeff Davis
McLeod
Mitchell
Moye
Palmour of Dawson
Parker
Parramore
Peters
Pittard
Reiser
Settle
Smith of Dodge
Stanton
Stokes
Swain
Teasley
Thomas
Thrasher
Tipton
Tolbert
Trapnell
Twitty
V aughn
Weeks
Williams of McIntosh

EDUCATION NUMBER TWO
Johnson of Seminole Littlefield
Chairman Melton
Simms ViceChairman Minchew
Barrett Secretary Mixon
Almand Moore of Clayton
Arnall Moore of Haralson
Brown Palmour of Hall
Burson Patten
Calhoun Peebles of Glascock
Chappell of Sumter Peek
Claxton Persons
Clements of Wheeler Pound
Comas Rawlins of Ben Hill
Crawford of Union Robison
Dobbins Rogers of Wayne
Donaldson Sammon
Dyal Sartain
Edwards Scruggs
Epting Spivey
Gaskins Still
Green Strickland
Ham Strong
Harris Stukes
Hendrix of Dodge Townsend
Jones of Lumpkin Watson
Keown Williams of Bacon
Kiker Williams of Habershan
Lane Wilson of Murray
Lee Wood of Towns
ENGROSSING
McLeod Chairman Crawford of Union
Ansley ViceChairman Eckford
Claxton Secretary Leonard
Arnall Moore of Clayton
Barker Stokes
Barrett Turner
104
ENROLLMENT
Brunson Chairman Littlefield ViceChairman Stukes Secretary Allen of Cobb Chappell of Laurens Goodwin Lee
Mitchell
Palmour of Dawson
Thomas
Wilson
Wood of Towns Wood of Clarke
EXCUSE OF MEMBERS ABSENT WITHOUT LEAVE
Lane Chairman Parramore ViceChairman Crawford of Union
Secretary Barker Bush Cain
GAME AND FISH
Childs
Clements of Marion Harrison of Crawford Maxwell Middlebrooks Montgomery
Courson Chairman Hodges ViceChairman Robison Secretary Barrett Beasley Brown Clark Collier
Crawford of Union
Crawford of Floyd
Dickey
Dixon
Dyal
Goolsby
Ham
Harris
Holt
Johnson of Seminole
Littlefield
Leonard
Myrick
McLeod
Palmour of Hall
Preston
Rawlins of Ben Hill
Rawlins of Telfair
Scott
Swain
Tipton
Westbrook
Wood of Towns
105
GENERAL AGRICULTURE NUMBER ONE
Collier Chairman Holland ViceChairman Burson Secretary Ashley Bargeron Batchelor Bland Bryan Burton Cartledge Childs
Clements of Marion
Davis of Troup
Dixon
Elliott
Griffin
Harrison of Crawford
Herndon
Hill
Hollis
Johnson of Pike Jordan
Kelley
Lott
Martin of Jackson
Middlebrooks
Montgomery
Moye
Nelson
Peebles of Bartow
Rabun
Sammon
Scruggs
Settle
Smith
Stokes
Sutton
Tate
Thrasher
Turner
Walker
Warnell
Weeks
Williams of McIntosh
GENERAL AGRICULTURE NUMBER TWO
Goolsby Chairman Rogers of Wayne
ViceChairman Minchew Secretary Bean Boyd
Chappell of Sumter Claxton
Clements of Wheeler
Daughtry
Dickerson
Dobbins
Duncan
Dyal
Edwards of Stephens
Green
Ham
Hampton
Harden
Hendricks of Muscogee Herndon
Johnson of Bartow Johnston of Upson Kennedy Lane
106
Lee Sartain
Manning Scott
Mitchell Strong
Moore of Clayton Swain
Peebles of Glascock Teasley
Persons Tippins
Preston Watkins
Rawlins of Telfair Watson
Rountree Wood of Towns
GENERAL JUDICIARY NUMBER ONE
Myrick Chairman Lanier
Goodwin ViceChairman Longley
Groves Secretary Mitchell
Allen of Baldwin Moye
Bennet Park
Culpepper Parker
Davis of Troup Simms
Davis of Mitchell Spivey
Dyer Tipton
Evans Vaughn
Freeman Watkins
Gillis Wilkinson
Kennedy
GENERAL JUDICIARY NUMBER TWO
Strickland Chairman Lindsay
Epting ViceChairman Martin of Jackson
Rawlins of Telfair Mixon
Secretary Mundy
Amali Palmour of Hall
Crawford of Floyd Stukes
Crawford of Union Townsend
Claxton Watkins
Harris Watson
Hartsfield Wilkinson
Hodges Williams of Bacon
Johnson of Montgomery
107
GEORGIA SCHOOL FOR THE DEAF
Patten Chairman Crawford of Floyd
ViceChairman Holland Secretary Bean Bruton Bryan Burson Cartledge
Daughtry
Freeman of Monroe
Johnson of Bartow
Mitchell
Reiser
Sammon
Sartain
Tillman
Vaughn
GEORGIA STATE SANITARIUM
Allen of Jackson Chairman Martin of JeffDavis
ViceChairman Bean Secretary
Allen of Baldwin
Batchelor
Brown
Brunson
Bruton
Burson
Comas
Coxon
Davis of Mitchell
Dickerson
Ennis
Gaskins
Gillen
Harden
Lott
Parramore
Patten
Peek
Sumner
Weeks
Williams of Bacon Wilson
HALLS AND ROOMS
Lott Chairman Comas ViceChairman Strong Secretary Franklin
Jordan
Kimbrough
Smith
HISTORICAL RESEARCH
Mrs Coxon Chairman Sartain ViceChairman Persons Secretary Batchelor
Clements of Marion Davis of Floyd Jones of Burke Jordan
108
Kimbrough King of Clay Lanham Montgomery Nelson
Peebles of Bartow Peters Pittarci Rabun
Reiser
Simms
Tate
Thompson
Tolbert
Trapnell
Walker
Wilkinson
Williams of McIntosh
HYGIENE AND SANITATION
Peek Chairman Parramore ViceChairman Sumner Secretary Allen of J ackson Almand Arnall Cartledge Coxon Dixon Gary
Goolsby Han is
Martin of Jeff Davis Myrick
Palmour of Dawson
Rogers of Wayne
Scott
Spivey
Tolbert
Twitty
INSURANCE
Dobbins Chairman Dickerson ViceChairman Preston Secretary Allen of Cobb Almand Arnall Ashley Black Boyd Brunson Burton
Chappell of Sumter
Clark
Crawford
Donaldson
Dyer
Epting
Gaskins
Harris
Hendricks of Muscogee Hendrix of Dodge Holland
Johnson of Seminole
Jones of Lumpkin
Kelley
Leonard
Maxwell
McLeod
109
Minchew Pound
Mixon Scott
Mundy Spivey
Palmour of Dawson Watkins
INVALID PENSIONS AND SOLDIERS HOME
Cartledge Chairman Elliott
Williams of Habersham Goodwin
ViceChairman Goolsby
Sammon Secretary Groves
Dorsett Simms
Duncan Tolbert
INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS
Still Chairman Evans
Manning ViceChairman Gillen
Wood of Clarke Secretary Griffin
Almand Hand
Bland Lindsay
Cartledge Myrick
Collier Pittard
Coxon Simmons
Ennis Twitty
JOURNALS
Chappell of Laurens Johnson of Pike
Chairman King of Clay
Williams of Habersham Middlebrooks
ViceChairman Montgomery
Littlefield Secretary Nelson
Batchelor Park
Bush Peebles of Bartow
Davis of Floyd Peters
Fagan Sutton
Franklin Tate
Harrison of Crawford Walker
Harrison of Troup Williams of McIntosh
Hollis
110
LEGISLATIVE AND CONGRESSIONAL REAPPORTIONMENT
Peebles of Glascock Chairman Ennis ViceChairman Lane Secretary Arnall Brown
Chappell of Sumter Crawford of Union
Eckford
Gaskins
Groves
Mundy
Rabun
Rogers of Wayne
Scott
Spivey
MANUFACTURES
Leonard Chairman Simmons ViceChairman Teasley Secretary Bland DeFore
Johnston of Upson
Kiker
Lanier
Smith
Strong
MILITARY AFFAIRS
Settle Chairman Thrasher ViceChairman Pound Secretary Goodwin Harris Hartfield Jones of Burke
Lindsay
Palmour of Hall
Preston
Spivey
Thompson
Trapnell
Wood of Clark
MINES AND MINING
Jones of Lumpkin Chairman Palmour of Hall ViceChairman Scruggs Secretary Almand Black Clark
Courson
Kiker
Leonard
Palmour of Dawson
Simmons
Stokes
ill
MOTOR VEHICLES
Almand Chairman Coxon ViceChairman Rogers of Spalding Secretary Allen of Cobb Arnall Barrett Beasley Brown Culpepper Dickey Dobbins Gaskins Hampton Harris Hudgins Jenkins
Johnson of Seminole Johnston of Upson Keown Kiker
King of Newton
Lindsay
Littlefield
Martin of Jackson Martin of Jeff Davis McLeod Minchew Mitchell
Moore of Haralson Myrick Parramore Persons
Rawlins of Ben Hill
Sammon
Sartain
Scott
Simms
Strickland
Stukes
Thomas
Thrasher
Tillman
Tolbert
Vaughn
Watkins
Williams of Bacon Wilson
MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT
Clements of Wheeler Chairman
Harden ViceChairman Allen of Cobb Secretary Dickerson Griffin Hardy Hartsfield Johnson of Bartow Lanham Lanier
Longley
McLeod
Myrick
Peebles of Bartow
Scott
Strong
Sutton
Thompson
Turner
Wood of Clarke
112
PENITENTIARY
Stanton Chairman Pope ViceChairman Twitty SecretaryAlien of Cobb Almand Ansley Chappell of Laurens Clements of Wheeler Crawford of Floyd Crawford of Union Dyer Green Groves Harden Hendricks of Muscogee Hodges Holland Keown Lane Maxwell Patten Peebles of Glascock Rogers of Wayne Spivey Still Sumner Teasley Thrasher Williams of Habersham Wood of Towns
PENSIONS
Hendricks of Muscogee Chairman Burton ViceChairman Turner Secretary Boyd Culpepper Dixon Dorsett Hill Hollis Rogers of Spalding Sammon Simms Thomas Thrasher Tillman Tipton Warnell Williams of Habersham
PRIVILEGES AND ELECTIONS
Swain Chairman Wood of Towns ViceChairman Warnell Secretary Arnall Barrett Boyd of Greene Clark Crawford of Union Dixon Epting Keown
113
Persons
Preston
Rawlins of Ben Hill
Robison
Thomas
Tippins Chairman Watson ViceChairman Moore of Clayton Secretary Alexander Allen of Jackson Batchelor Barrett Bean Beasley Bruton Burton Cartledge Dickey Dixon Dyal Edwards Elliott Ennis Flynt Gillis Goolsby Groves Ham Harden Hartsfield
Townsend
Watson
Williams of Habersham Wood of Towns
Gaskins
Jones of Lumpkin Robison
Rogers of Wayne
NUMBER ONE
Hodges
Holt
Hudgins
Johnson of Bartow Johnson of Montgomery Johnston of Upson Kelley
King of Newton
Lane
Leonard
Lindsay
Littlefield
Longley
Lott
Martin of Jackson
Martin of Jeff Davis
Maxwell
McLeod
Melton
Mitchell
Moore of Haralson Moye
Palmour of Dawson
Parker
Parramore
PRIVILEGES OF THE FLOOR
Calhoun Chairman Kiker ViceChairman Townsend Secretary Evans
PUBLIC HIGHWAYS
Patten
Persons
Pope
Reiser
Rogers of Spalding
Rountree
Sammon
Sartain
Scruggs
Settle
Stokes
Sumner
Tillman
Vaughn
Warnell
Weeks
Wood of Clarke
PUBLIC HIGHWAYS NUMBER TWO
Scott Chairman Chappell of Sumter
ViceChairman Keown Secretary Arnall Brown Brunson Burson Clark Claxton
Clements of Wheeler
Coxon
Collier
Crawford of Union
Dobbins
Duncan
Dyer
Gaskins
Green
Griffin
Hampton
Harris
Hendrix of Dodge
Holland
Holt
Jenkins
Tones of Lumpkin Kiker
Lane
Lanier
Manning
Maxwell
Minchew
Mundy
Myrick
Peebles of Glascock
Pound
Preston
Rawlins of Ben Hill Rawlins of Telfair Robison
Rogers of Wayne
Spivey
Strickland
Strong
Swain
Thomas
Townsend
Turner
Twitty
Watkins
Williams of Bacon Williams of Habersham Wilson
Wood of Towns
115
PUBLIC LIBRARY
Longley Chairman Smith
Thomas ViceChairman Strong
Thrasher Secretary Sumner
Reiser Thomas
Rogers of Spalding Tolbert
Sammon Tillman
Simms Wilkinson
PUBLIC PRINTING
Elliott Chairman Tipton ViceChairman Hardy Secretary Allen of Jackson Burton Gary Goolsby
Harrison of Crawford
Harrison of Troup
Hill
Miller
Still
Stokes
PUBLIC PROPERTY
Palmour of Dawson Chairman
Reiser ViceChairman Rogers of Spaulding Secretary Gary Goolsby Green
Hardy
Harrison of Troup
Hill
Hollis
Jones of Burke Jordan Leonard Walker
PUBLIC UTILITIES
Ennis Chairman Lindsay ViceChairman Kennedy Secretary Allen of Baldwin Arnall Brown Burton Cain
Cartledge
Comas
Crawford of Union
Culpepper
Davis of Mitchell
Dickey
Eckford
Epting
Flynt
116
Franklin
Freeman
Gillen
Griffin
Harris
Hartsfield
Johnson of Seminole Jenkins Kimbrough King of Clay King of Newton Lanier
Rawlins of Ben Hill
Rogers of Spalding
Sartain
Scott
Settle
Simmons
Simms
Spivey
Stokes
Strickland
Sumner
Teasley
Manning Thomas
Mixon Tillman
Mundy Tippins
Parker Weeks
Rawlins of Telfair
RAILROADS
Eckford Chairman Goodwin
Parker ViceChairman Griffin
Dyer Secretary Ham
Almand Hand
Ansley Harden
Bargeron Hartsfield
Barker Hendricks of Muscogee
Batchelor Holt
Black Hudgins
Bruton Jenkins
Bryan Kennedy
Burton Lanier
Cain Longley
Chappell of Sumter Lott
Childs Maxwell
Claxton Montgomery
Clements of Marion Moye
Crawford of Union Peek
Culpepper Rabun
Davis of Floyd Rawlins of Ben Hill
DeFore Rogers of Wayne
Dorsett Twitty
Gillen Weeks
117
RULES
The Speaker Chairman Harris ViceChairman Arnall Secretary Alexander Allen of Cobb Barrett of White Claxton
Crawford of Floyd Crawford of Union Culpepper Donaldson Duncan Flynt Gillis
Edwards Chairman Daughtry ViceChairman Peek Secretary
Allen of Jackson
Chappell of Laurens
Claxton
Dixon
Goodwin
Griffin
Ham
Harden
Johnson of Seminole Johnston of Upson Lee
Johnson of Bartow
Keown
Lindsay
Palmour of Hall Pound
Rawlins of Telfair Robison
Rogers of Wayne
Simmons
Still
Vaughn
Watson
Weeks
Wood of Clarke
AT ALTO
Littlefield
Minchew
Moye
Palmour of Hall
Parramore
Patten
Peebles of Glascock
Scruggs
Sutton
Twitty
Williams of Habersham Wood of Clarke Wood of Towns
SPECIAL JUDICIARY
King of Newton Chairman Alexander ViceChairman Dorsett Secretary Calhoun
Chappell of Laurens
Clark
DeFore
Dickey
118
Duncan
Eckford
Fagan
Franklin
Gillen
Griffin
Hand
Harden
Hudgins
Johnson of Seminole Jones of Burke Kelley
King of Clay
Lanham
Leonard
Manning
Miller
Minchew
Rogers of Wayne
Stanton
Teasley
Thompson
Trapnell
Turner
Westbrook
STATE OF THE REPUBLIC
Parker Chairman Wilson ViceChairman Hendrix of Dodge Secretary Amali Black Bruton Culpepper Courson Coxon Dobbins Eckford Ennis Harris Hodges Holt Jenkins Kennedy
Martin of Jeff Davis
McLeod
Mitchell
Moore of Haralson
Mundy
Preston
Rogers of Spalding
Sammon
Sartain
Scott
Simms
Spivey
Stokes
Thrasher
Vaughn
Warnell
Watkins
Watson
Williams of Bacon
119
STATE PRISON FARM
Pope Chairman Stanton ViceChairman Twitty Secretary Alexander Batchelor Beasley Calhoun Comas Coxon
Hendrix of Dodge
Holt
Jenkins
Longley
Moore of Clayton
Patten
Reiser
Rogers of Spalding
Rountree
Sammon
Sartain
Still
Tillman Tippins Townsend Wood of Towns
TEMPERANCE
Johnston of Upson Chairman
Stuke s ViceChairman Hampton Secretary Bargeron Bean Cartledge Clark
Clements of Wheeler
Collier
Courson
Davis of Floyd
Davis of Mitchell
Dickerson
Dobbins
Eckford
Elliott
Hand
Hendricks of Muscogee Herndon
Johnson of Seminole Jones of Lumpkin Mundy Myrick
Palmour of Dawson Palmour of Hall Peebles of Glascock Preston
Rawlins of Telfair
Robison
Scott
Still
Sumner
Weeks
Wilkinson
120
TRAINING SCHOOLS
Watkins Chairman Persons ViceChairman Longley Secretary Coxon Dixon Dyal Dyer Gillis Hardy Hendricks of Muscogee Jenkins Simms Thrasher Thomas Tipton Tolbert
Goolsby Warnell
UNIFORM STATE LAWS Williams of Bacon Culpepper
Chairman Davis of Troup
Bryan ViceChairman Townsend Secretary Ashley Lanham Lanier Trapnell
Cain Westbrook
UNIVERSITY SYSTEM OF GEORGIA Dickey Chairman Kennedy
Davis of Mitchell ViceChairman Miller of Calhoun Secretary Ansley Bean Burson Burton Collier Crawford of Union Donaldson Eckford Ennis Flynt Gillis Groves Hampton Hardy Jones of Lumpkin Leonard Lindsay Littlefield Lott Maxwell Melton Palmour of Hall Parramore Preston Simmons Stokes Stukes Sumner Swain Watson Williams of Habersham Wood of Clarke
121
WAYS AND MEANS
Spivey Chairman Myrick Vice Chairman Brunson Secretary Allen of Cobb Arnall Bean Beasley Black Boyd Bryan Burton Clark Claxton Collier Comas
Crawford of Floyd
Crawford of Union
Culpepper
Davis of Mitchell
Dickey
Dobbins
Duncan
Edwards
Elliott
Ennis
Gaskins
Goodwin
Griffin
Hartsfield
Hendrix of Dodge
Holt
Jenkins
Johnson of Montgomery
Johnson of Seminole
Kennedy
Keown
Kiker
Lane
Lanier
Lee
Martin of Jackson
McLeod
Minchew
Moore of Haralson
Peebles of Glascock
Peek
Pope
Pound
Rabun
Rawlins of Telfair
Robison
Simmons
Stanton
Strong
Stukes
Teasley
Tillman
Tipton
Townsend
Turner
Wilson
Wood of Clarke
122
WESTERN AND ATLANTIC RAILROAD
Clark Chairman Moye ViceChairman Mitchell Secretary Ansley Amali Batchelor Boyd Brunson Collier Dickey Dorset t Epting Green Hampton Harden Johnson of Bartow Johnson of Montgomery Keown Lane Lee Leonard Manning Maxwell Patten Peebles of Glascock Preston Rountree Sammon Stokes Swain Teasley Twitty Williams of Habersham Wood of Clarke
123
Rules of the House of Representatives
Adopted for the Sessions of 19331935

THE SPEAKER
Rule 1 The Speaker shall in his discretion suspend irrelevant debate and command silence whenever he may deem it needful
Rule 2 In all cases of election by the House the Speaker shall vote In other cases he shall not vote unless the House be equally divided or unless his vote if given to the minority will make the division equal and in case of such equal division the question shall be lost But in all cases where a fixed constitutional vote is required to pass the bill or measure under consideration and said bill or measure shall lack only one vote to pass the same the Speaker shall vote and his vote so cast shall be counted the same as that of any other member
Rule 3 When two or more members shall rise at the same time the Speaker shall name the person entitled to proceed
Rule 4 All committees shall be appointed by the Speaker unless otherwise ordered by the House
Rule 5 The method of stating a question or any motion by the Speaker after the same has been read to the House by the Clerk shall be as follows All in favor of the motion will say Aye Those opposed will say No And when a decision may seem doubtful to the Speaker or a division of the House is called for by any one member of the House the Speaker shall call upon the members in favor of the motion to rise and after a count is had by the clerk he shall call upon the members to reverse their positions and the Speaker shall announce the result
Discretion of Speaker
When Speaker shall vote
Right of member to the floor to be decided by the Speaker
Appointment of Committees
Methods of stating a Question by Speaker
127
Speaker may name members to preside
Duty of Clerk when Speaker is absent
Appeals from ruling of the Speaker
When no debate on appeals
Appeals to be made at once
When members may address tbe House
Rule 6 The Speaker may during a days sitting name any member to perform the duties of the Chair during any part of that sitting but no longer
Rule 7 Whenever from any cause the Speaker shall be absent the Speaker pro tempore shall preside and if both shall be absent the Clerk of the House shall call the House to Order and shall preside until a Speaker pro tempore shall be elected which said election shall be the first business of the House The Speaker pro tempore thus elected shall preside until the return of one of the first named officers when his functions shall cease
Rule 8 Should any member of the House be dissatisfied with the ruling of the Speaker on any point he shall rise and respectfully address the Speaker and say I appeal from the decision of the Chair The Speaker will then state to the House the point ruled on and his decision on it and shall then put the question of appeal to the House as follows All in favor of the decision of the Chair standing as the sense of this House will say Aye Those opposed will say No and the decision of the House in sustaining or overruling the Speaker shall be final
Rule 9 On all appeals on questions of order of a personal character there shall be no debate
Rule 10 All appeals from the decision of the Chair shall be made immediately and no appeal shall be in order after other business has intervened from the time of the alleged error of the Chair and before said appeal is sought to be made
Rule 11 Where debate is permissible on appeals from the decision of the Chair any member after being recognized by the Speaker may address his remarks directly to the House
128
Rule 12 The Speaker shall have power to sus speakerto pend the Messenger and Doorkeepers for miscon subordfriate duct or neglect of duty and when such suspension officers has been made he shall report the same to the House within twentyfour hours thereafter for such action as the House may see fit to take in the premises
Rule 13 The Speaker shall have power to cause the galleries and lobbies of the House cleared by juries the Messenger and Doorkeepers in case of disturb rebies ance or disorderly conduct therein and to cause any person or persons so offending to be arrested and brought before the bar of the House to be dealt with for contempt of the House
Rule 14 When less than a quorum vote on any subject under consideration by the House the Speaker may order the bar of the House to be closed and the roll of members called by the Clerk and if it is ascertained that a quorum is present either by answering to their names or by their presence in the House and if any member present then refuses to vote unless excused such refusal shall be deemed a contempt of the House
Rule 15 The Speaker may at any time order the roll called on any question and take the vote by order yeas and nays where a division of the House discloses the fact that a quorum of the House has not and nays voted
Rule 16 All questions as to the priority of busi eMomn ness to be acted on shall be decided by the Speaker i10111without debate
ON DECORUM AND DEBATE
Rule 17 When any member is about to speak in conduct of debate or deliver any matter to the House he snail debate rise and respectfully address himself to Mr Speaker
He shall be confined to matter in debate shall not
129
Time extended how
Expulsion
Exception to words spoken Proviso
speak more than twice on any subject or more than once until every member choosing to speak shall have spoken
No member of the House shall occupy the floor longer than one 1 hour in debating any question unless otherwise ordered by the House and any motion to limit or extend the time of individual speeches shall be decided without debate No such motion shall prevail unless it shall receive the affirmative votes of two thirds of those voting Such motion may be made at any time that the movant thereof may legitimately obtain the floor
If any member in speaking or otherwise transgress the rules of the House the Speaker shall call him to order in which case the member so called to order shall immediately sit down unless permitted to explain The House shall if appealed to decide and if the decision of the House be not submitted to the delinquent for the first offense shall be reproved for the second fined in a sum not exceeding ten dollars and continuing refractory may be expelled from the House by a twothirds vote of the members which said vote shall be taken by yeas and nays and recorded on the Journal of the House
Rule 18 If any member be called to order for words spoken the words excepted to shall be taken down in writing by the Clerk and read then admitted denied or explained by the member who spoke and thereupon the question of order shall be decided and such other proceedings had as the House may deem proper in regard thereto Provided that if at the time the House is acting under the previous question such question of order and other proceedings referred to shall not be taken up for decision until after the previous question and the main questions have been exhausted or until such further
time as may then be ordered by the House But no member shall be held to answer or be subject to the censure of the House for words spoken in debate if any other member has spoken or other business has intervened after the words were spoken and before the exception to them was taken
Rule 19 The members of the House shall forbear from private conversation and preserve silence until a speaking member shall have taken his seat
Rule 20 The members shall avoid naming each other when they may have occasion to take notice of their observations but may designate them by the place in which they may be or the county they represent
Rule 21 No member shall address the House except as heretofore stated in case of appeals or interrogate a member who is speaking except through the Speaker and should the member speaking decline to be interrupted the Speaker shall cause the member desiring to interrogate to be silent
Rule 22 No member shall vote upon any question in the result of which he is immediately and particularly interested In every case where the seat of a member is being contested the sitting member and the contestant shall both retire from the House before the vote is taken
Rule 23 Any member may enter a protest in writing against the action of the House said protest shall clearly and succinctly set forth the grounds of such protest and shall not be argumentative nor arraign nor impugn the motive of the House nor any member thereof and such protest shall be entered by the Clerk upon the Journal of the House
Rule 24 No member shall converse with any one over the bar of the House
Silence
Mode of
designating
members
House bow addressed Questions and interruptions
Shall not vote when interested in result
Protests
Smoking and conversation prohibited
131
Duty while member is speaking and at adjournment
Matters transpiring in Senate Committees and private conversation not to be referred to
Laudatory and disparaging remarks when forbidden
Applause and hisses forbidden
No debate during yeas and nays
Only one motion can be made at a time
Explanation
Rule 25 No member shall be permitted to enter upon the floor of the House or remain thereon in an intoxicated condition and the Messenger and the Doorkeepers of the House are specially charged with the rigid enforcement of this rule
Rule 26 No member shall pass between the Chair and a member while he is speaking nor shall any member at the time of adjournment leave his seat until the Speaker retires
Rule 27 No member shall in debate refer to any private conversation had with another member or to any matters which have transpired in any committee or in the Senate
Rule 28 In nominating candidates for any office no laudatory remarks shall be allowed nor shall any other candidate be disparaged
Rule 29 Applause or hisses in the Representative chamber or in the galleries or lobby during any speech or legislative proceedings shall be promptly suppressed
Rule 30 During the calling or reading of yeas and nays on any question no debate shall be had
Rule 31 No member can make more than one motion at a time and while the motion is being put to the House he must resume his seat and he is not further entitled to the floor unless again recognized by the Speaker
Rule 32 On all questions except such as are not debatable any member on the call of the ayes and nays shall as a matter of right be allowed three minutes in which to explain his vote Where the vote on any question is not taken by ayes and nays no member shall be allowed to explain except by unanimous consent of the House No mention shall
132
be entertained to vary this rule nor to extend a members time for explaining
Rule 33 When the reading of any paper is called for and the same is objected to by any member it shall be determined by a vote of the House and this motion shall be decided without debate
Rule 34 Every member within the hall when a question is put shall vote unless he is immediately and particularly interested therein or the House shall excuse him A motion to excuse a member from voting must be made before the House divides or before the call of the yeas and nays is commenced and it shall be decided without debate except that the member making the motion may briefly state the reason why in his opinion it ought to prevail
Rule 35 No member shall be allowed to address himself to any question and then make any motion the effect of which is to cut off debate without relinquishing the floor
DIVISION OF A QUESTION
Rule 36 Any member may call for a division of the question on a subject in which the sense thereof will admit of it
Rule 37 The member calling for a division must state into how many and definitely what parts he would have the question divided Each part of the divided proposition must be so distinct that if taken away the remainder can stand by themselves and be consistent and entire
Rule 38 A qualifying paragraph an exception or a proviso if taken from that to which it belongs would not contain a distinct or entire proposition
Rule 39 A motion to strike out and insert is an indivisible proposition
Reading of papers
When members shall vote
Motion to excuse when made Excuses from voting
Call for a division
Division how made
Qualifying paragraph exception and provision
Strike out and insert not divisible
133
BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS
Call of counties
Bills and resolutions called in order Proviso
Rule 40 The Clerk shall on Mondays Wednesdays and Fridays call the counties for the introduction of new matter beginning alternately at the first and last of the alphabet Provided that no member shall introduce more than one bill of a general nature on any day except companion bills and provided further no bill providing for an appropriation of money shall be introduced during the last thirty days of a regular session except by consent of twothirds of the House which twothirds shall be equal to a majority of all of the members eected to the House The question of the introduction of such bill shall be debatable for ten minutes five minutes by the author or other member designated by him and five minutes by member or members opposing such introduction
Rule 41 All bills and resolutions shall be called in the numerical order in which they stand on the calendar and before reading any bill or resolution the second or third time the Clerk shall distinctly state its number and the name of the member by whom introduced provided that House and Senate bills and resolutions adversely reported shall not be taken up for a second reading except by request of the authors of such bill or resolution or some member of the House provided that the General Tax Bill and the General Appropriation Bill shall take precedence on third reading over all other matters even Special Orders until the said Bills shall have been finally disposed of In order that the proper numerical order may be accurately and fairly determined as between bills and resolutions it shall be the duty of the Clerk to place on each bill and resolution as same is read the first time a number following the numerical order in which said bills and resolutions are read the first time adopting one series of numbers
134
and the same series of numbers for both bills and resolutions and not a separate series of numbers as heretofore practiced
Rule 42 Every motion to suspend the rules for the purpose of taking up bills or resolutions out of their regular order and every motion to make special orders shall be submitted in writing and reported upon by the Committee on Rules before being submitted to the House
Rule 43 The Speaker shall not recognize any member at any time for the purpose of asking unanimous consent for the introduction of new matter nor to read any bill or resolution the second time or any local bill or resolution a third time or to put any local bill or resolution upon its passage or to recommit a bill or resolution or to withdraw from one committee and recommit to another a bill or resolution except during the first thirty minutes after the confirmation of the Journal or after the reading of the Journal has been dispensed with The Speaker shall not recognize any member at any time for the purpose of asking unanimous consent to put any general bill or resolution upon its passage or to read such bill or resolution second time and recommit The Speaker shall entertain but one unanimous consent at any time
The Speaker shall not recognize any member at any time for the purpose of asking unanimous consent to make a special order or to change the order of business except that by unanimous consent an order of business may be fixed for the period of Unanimous Consents
The Speaker shall not recognize any member at any time for the purpose of asking unanimous consent to cast his vote on any motion resolution amend
Effect of
unanimous
consent
135
Suspension of rules
No debate
merit bill or other question nor shall any member be permitted to cast his vote on any motion resolution amendment bill or other question until the question is put to the House by the Speaker on viva voce vote or division of the House or until after the roll call has begun
The Speaker shall entertain but one unanimous consent at any one time
Rule 44 The rules of this House known as Constitutional rules shall in no case be suspended all other rules shall in no case be suspended nor changed nor the order of business be changed except by a vote of twothirds of the members voting Provided however that in order to so change or suspend the rules or change the order of business said twothirds so voting in favor of said change or suspension shall constitute a majority of the members of the whole House
Rule 45 No suspension of change or addition to these rules shall be made unless such proposed change or addition or suspension of be first referred to the Committee on Rules and reported back to the House Provided however that immediately after the confirmation of the Journal on the day following the introduction in the House of the proposed change or addition to these rules the Committee on Rules shall report the same back to the House A failure to so report such proposed change or addition to these rules for two days shall automatically bring said proposed change or addition before the House for consideration
Rule 46 Any motion to suspend rules or change the rules or change the order of business shall be decided without debate Provided however that whenever a report from the Committee on Rules is submitted to the House the questions arising on said report shall be debatable until the report of the Corn
136
mittee is agreed to or disagreed to or the main question is ordered There shall be no debate however on the report of the Committee on Rules during the last fourteen days of the session
Rule 47 It shall be in order to introduce bills or other matter upon the call of the counties without any previous notice having been given for that purpose
Rule 48 No debate shall be admitted upon any Bill at the first reading Upon the introduction of any Bill or Resolution or other matter requiring reference to a Committee the Speaker shall as a matter of course and without debate commit the same to the proper committee unless otherwise ordered by the House
No bill or resolution shall be engrossed except upon the affirmative vote of twothirds of the members present No member shall be recognized at any time for the purpose of asking unanimous consent to engross a bill or resolution When a motion to engross is made which motion may be made upon reading the bill the first time and at no other time no debate shall be permitted except that the movant may speak to his motion not longer than five minutes and any one other member of the House may speak in opposition thereto for five minutes In case of engrossment of any bill or other matter the entry thereof shall be made by the Clerk and the Bill or other matter shall not be amendable thereafter unless subsequently committed In cases where the report of a committee is favorable to the passage of a bill the same shall be read a second time and passed to a third reading without question Where the report of a committee is adverse to the passage of a bill on the second reading thereof the question shall be on agreeing to the report of the committee
Bills etc when Introduced
No debate on first reading
Effect of favorable report of committee
137
Bills when withdrawn
Adverse report of committee Transmission to Senate majority vote
Bills when printed
If the report of the committee is agreed to the bill shall be lost If the report of the committee is disagreed to the bill shall be passed to a third reading unless recommitted Any bill may be withdrawn at any stage thereof by consent of the House
When motion is made to refer a bill or resolution to a committee other than the one to which it is referred by the Speaker even though instructions be added no debate shall be permitted except that movant may speak to his motion not longer than five minutes and any one other member of the House may speak in opposition thereto for five minutes No debate shall be permitted unless instructions are added
All resolutions providing for appointment of committees of inquiry or investigation and any and all other resolutions not privileged except motions for information from the Executive Department and any other Department of the State Government shall be referred by the Speaker to the appropriate committee unless by order of the House referred to some other committee
Rule 49 No bill or resolution shall be transmitted to the Senate on the day of the passage thereof unless twothirds of the members present shall so order
Rule 50 No bill shall be printed until after the same has been reported to the House by the committee to which it has been referred or by request of said committee and the order of the House agreeing thereto No request for unanimous consent or motion to print a bill shall be made except immediately following the thirty minute period of Unanimous Consents No debate shall be permitted on such a motion except that the movant may speak to his motion not longer than three minutes and any one other member of the House may speak in opposition thereto
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for three minutes provided however that when a bill is actually before the House for consideration such request for unanimous consent or a motion to print may be made but the motion to print shall not take precedence of any other motion permitted under Rule No 55 The motion to print may be made after the motion to table or the motion to postpone to a time certain shall have prevailed The debate on such motion shall be limited as above set forth
Rule 51 All proceedings touching the appropriating of money shall be considered in the Committee of the Whole House
Rule 52 All bills and resolutions shall be in writing and shall have the name of the member introducing the same as well as the county he represents indorsed on the back of the same and in the case of bills the caption of the bill shall also be indorsed on the same
Rule 53 Where a bill or resolution has been referred and reported by more than one committee or has been reported on and recommitted to the same committee the last committee report shall be acted on by the House and in all cases the report of the Committee of the Whole House shall be first acted on by the House
Rule 54 The Committee on Rules during the last twentyone days of each session shall arrange a calendar for each days business and such calendar shall be a standing and continuing Special Order during said period and no matter shall be taken up or acted on otherwise than in the order fixed by such calendar except by a vote of a majority of all of the members elected to the House During the period of operation under this rule the calendar or order of business fixed by committee on rules shall be read by the clerk immediately after Confirmation of the Journal of
Committee of the Whole House See Rule 107 et al
Bills and Resolutions to be in writing How indorsed
Reports of committees order of action
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Order of precedence
Not debatable when may be renewed
each morning session and immediately after Call of the Roll of each afternoon session and any motion to amend such report either by striking inserting or changing the order shall be made within the first thirty minutes after the reading of such report Ater the reading of such report and announcement by the Speaker that it is in order for such motions to be made and no such motions being made the House shall proceed to business under the calendar so fixed after which no such motion shall be made during that session No such motion to amend the report of the Committee on Rules shall be debatable during the period of operation under this Rule
PRECEDENCE OF MOTIONS
Rule 55 When any subject is before the House for consideration or under debate no motion shall be received except the following towit
1st Motion to adjourn
2d A motion to lay on table
3d A motion for the previous question
4th A motion to adjourn to a time definite
5th A motion to postpone indefinitely
6th A motion to postpone to a day certain
7th A motion to commit
8th A motion to amend
9th A motion to print
Which said motions shall have precedence in the order in which they stand as above arranged
MOTION TO ADJOURN
Rule 56 A motion to adjourn is in no instance debatable nor shall said motion be made a second time until further progress has been made in the business before the House A motion to adjourn in its simple form shall not be amended
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Rule 57 A motion to adjourn to a particular day or for a particular time if made when the House is not actually engaged in other business is debatable
Rule 58 The motion to adjourn can be made at any time when the member moving it can legitimately obtain the floor
Rule 59 A motion to adjourn may be made after the motion for the previous question has been sustained but when the House has voted that the main question shall be now put no motion to adjourn is in order nor shall any motion to adjourn be in order after the Clerk has called the first name of the yeas and nays and a vote of one member has been given or after a division of the House has been had on a vote and the vote is in process of being counted and announced but in such cases the rollcall shall be completed the vote counted and the result finally announced before a motion to adjourn shall be in order
Rule 60 When a motion to adjourn in its simple form prevails it adjourns the House to the next sitting day or time in course
Rule 61 Whenever the hour of adjournment as fixed by a prior resolution shall arrive while the vote of the House is being taken by yeas and nays the session shall continue until the final vote is taken and announced and if said fixed hour of adjournment shall arrive while the House is acting on the main question after the main question has been ordered and before the vote on the main question is being taken either by a division or by the yeas and nays as aforesaid the House shall stand adjourned by virtue of said prior resolution
When made debatable
When not in order
Effect of adjournment
Hour of adjournment What business postponed
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MOTIONS TO LAY ON TABLE
Amendment or substitute cannot be laid on table
How matters may be taken from table
Effect of vote to table
Effect of vote to take from table
No motion to table in order until rollcall is completed
When renewed
Not debatable or amendable
Rule 62 No motion to lay an amendment or substitute on the table shall be in order
Rule 63 A majority of a quorum voting may take from the table at any time when the House is not engaged on any other measure any bill resolution or other paper which has been ordered to lie on the table and when so taken up the same is thereby restored to its appropriate place on the calendar
Rule 64 If the motion to lay on the table prevails it removes from the consideration of the House the measure together with all the motions attached to it at the time it is so disposed of
Rule 65 When the proposition is again taken from the table it stands before the House in the exact form with all the motions pertaining to it just as it did at the time the motion to lay on the table prevailed
Rule 66 After a yea and nay vote is called on any bill or resolutionthe House not acting at the time under the previous questionand one vote has been recorded no motion to table shall be in order until the rollcall shall have been completed When any bill or resolution is tabled after the completion of the rollcall and then taken from the table nothing can be done except to announce the result of said vote as shown by said rollcall at the time said bill or resolution was tabled
Rule 67 A motion to lay on the table or to take from the table can be renewed from time to time when new business has intervened between the votes
Rule 68 Neither the motion to lay on the table nor the motion to take from the table is debatable or amendable
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Rule 69 Nothing can be legitimately laid on the whatcan table excepting what can be taken up again be tabled
Rule 70 A motion to lay on the table may be made after the motion for the previous question has been sustained but when the House has voted on the main question shall be now put no motion to lay on the table is in order
THE MOTION FOR THE PREVIOUS QUESTION
Rule 71 The motion for the previous question Effect of
A 1 previous
shall be decided without debate and shall take pre auestion
cedence of all other motions except a motion to adjourn or to lay on the table but neither of said motions shall be made but once until after the previous question has been exhausted and when it is moved the question shall be Shall the motion for the previous question be sustained If this be decided by a majority of a quorum in the affirmative and the next question towit Shall the main question be now put is decided in the affirmative by a majority of a quorum all other motions except one to reconsider the action in ordering the main question will be out of order and the House cannot adjourn until the previous question is exhausted or the regular hour of adjournment arrives But no motion to reconsider the action of the House in ordering the main question shall be in order after the Clerk has called the first name on call of the ayes and nays and the vote of any member has been given or after a division of the House has been had on the vote and the vote is in process of being counted and announced in such cases the roll call shall be completed the vote counted and the result finally announced
Rule 72 When the previous question has been minutes ordered the House shall then proceed to act on the allowed main question without debate except that before the
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Vote how taken
Effect of main Question being ordered
Contested
Election
flow Called and ordered
main question is put twenty minutes shall be allowed to the committee whose report of the bill or other measure is under consideration to close the debate Where the report of the committee is adverse to the passage of the bill or other measure the introducer of the bill shall be allowed twenty minutes before time allowed to the committee for closing the debate The Chairman of the committee or the introducer of the bill or other measure may yield the floor to such members as he may indicate for the time or any part of it allowed under this rule This rule shall not be construed to allow the twenty minutes above referred to to be used but once on any bill or measure and then on the final passage of the bill or measure
Rule 73 After the main question is ordered any member may call for a division of the House in taking the vote or may call for the yeas and nays if the call for the yeas and nays is sustained by onefifth of the members voting the vote shall be taken by the yeas and nays and so entered on the Journal
Rule 74 The effect of the order that the main question be now put is to bring the House to a vote on pending questions in the order in which they stood before it was moved
Rule 75 In all cases where a minority report has been submitted on any question if the previous quest on is ordered there shall be twenty minutes allowed to the member whose name is first signed to said minority report or to such member or members as he may indicate for the time so allowed or any part of it before the twenty minutes allowed to the Chairman submitting the majority report
Rule 76 The previous question may be called and ordered upon a single motion or an amendment or it may be made to embrace all authorized motions or amendments and include the entire bill to its passage or rejection
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Rule 77 A call of the House shall not be in order after the previous question is ordered unless it shall appear upon an actual count by the Speaker that a quorum is not present
Rule 78 All incidental questions of order arising after a motion is made for the previous question and pending such motion shall be decided whether on appeal or otherwise without debate
MOTIONS TO INDEFINITELY POSTPONE
Rule 79 When a bill resolution or other measure is under consideration on the final reading thereof motion to indefinitely postpone if decided in the affirmative by a majority of a quorum thereby disposes of said bill resolution or other measure for the session
Rule 80 The motion to indefinitely postpone lays open the whole question for debate but it cannot be amended
Rule 81 While the motion to indefinitely postpone takes precedence over a motion to postpone to a day certain or to commit or amend yet this motion cannot be applied to said motions nor can it be applied to incidental questions such as questions of order reading of papers withdrawal of a motion and suspension of a rule
Rule 82 No motion to indefinitely postpone shall be renewed on any bill resolution or other measure after the same has been voted down
MOTION TO POSTPONE TO A DAY CERTAIN
Rule 83 The motion to postpone a bill resolution or other measure to a day certain when decided in the affirmative by a majority of a quorum removes the subject from before the House until the time designated and makes it a privileged question for that day so selected
145

Gall of the House when In order
Question of order
Effect
Not amendable
When cannot be applied
Not renewed
Effect of negative vote
May be amended
To a day beyond the session
Debate when and how allowed
Motion how applied
Motion to commit
Precedence of
Rule 84 If the motion to postpone a bill a resolution or other measure is decided in the negative it leaves the question before the House as it was before the motion was made and it cannot be moved a second time on same day or at the same stage of the proceeding
Rule 85 This motion to postpone to a day certain may be amended by substituting one day for another In this case the time would be treated as a blank and the Speaker should treat these propositions as he would those to fill blanks
Rule 86 If a day designated is known to be beyond the session the Speaker shall treat the motion as though it had been a motion to indefinitely postpone the subject
Rule 87 On a motion to postpone to a day certain it is not in order to debate the merits of the question proposed to be postponed Debate may be allowed but it shall be confined strictly to the proposition to postpone and to show why one day is preferred to another It shall be the duty of the Speaker to hod members rigidly to these points
Rule 88 This motion cannot be applied to subordinate or incidental questions but must be applied to the whole bill resolution or other measure before the House and when it prevails it carries forward the whole proposition and its appendages to the day named
MOTIONS TO COMMIT
Rule 89 Motions to commit may be made to refer a bill resolution or other measure to a standing or special committee or committee of the whole House
Rule 90 A motion to commit to a standing committee takes precedence over a motion to commit
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to a special committee and shall be first voted on but where a motion is made that a bill resolution or other measure be committed to the committee of the whole House this motion shall be put before either of the above named motions
Rule 91 On a motion simply to commit no debate shall be allowed but where instructions are added the merits of the question can be debated
Rule 92 A motion to commit may be amended by adding instructions or by substituting another committee for the one named by the member making the motion
Rule 93 Any proposition that has been referred to any committee either standing or special may on motion be recommitted to the same or any other committee by a majority of a quorum
MOTIONS TO AMEND
Rule 94 There are three ways in which a proposition may be amended towit
1st By inserting or adding words
2d By striking out words
3d By striking out and inserting words
An amendment is itself subject to be amended in all three of the ways above mentioned but it is not admissible to amend an amendment to an amendment
Rule 95 A substitute is simply an amendment it is in effect a motion to strike out all after the enacting clause of a bill or the word Resolved in a resolution and insert that offered as a substitute
When debatable
How
amended
Motion to recommit
Amendments how made
Substitute
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Bill first perfected then the substitute Rule 96 When a bill or resolution is before the House for consideration and amendments are pending thereto and a substitute shall be offered for said bill or resolution and an amendment shall be offered to said substitute it shall be in order for the House to first perfect the original bill or resolution and then perfect the substitute The question shall then be on agreeing to the substitute as amended if it be amended and if decided in the affirmative the question shall be Shall this bill pass or resolution be adopted as the case may be by substitute
iatetoamend Rule 97 An amendment cannot be offered after the report of the committee to which was referred
Must be in writing the bill or resolution under consideration has been agreed to by the House unless said action of the House in so agreeing to said report of said committee shall first be reconsidered Rule 98 All motions to amend any matter before the House must be in writing and must plainly and distinctly set forth the amendment desired and the part of the bill or resolution where said amendment shall be inserted or added
Priority Rule 99 On all questions whether in committee or in the House the last amendment the most distant day and the largest sum shall be first put
Blanks Rule 100 Where blanks occur in any proposition they must be filled first before any motion is made to amend
Caption when amended Rule 101 The caption or preamble of a bill or resolution shall not be considered or amended until the measure has been perfected
Amending by sections Rule 102 When a proposition consisting of several sections or resolutions is on a final reading and
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the House shall agree to a motion to consider the same by sections or paragraphs the Clerk in reading the same shall pause at the end of each section or resolution and the amendments thereto shall be offered as the several sections or resolutions are read but the amendments offered by the committee to whom said bill or resolution was referred shall be read by the Clerk without any motion being made in the House and when a section or resolution shall have been considered it is not in order to recur and amend it
Rule 103 No motion on a subject different from that under consideration shall be admitted under color of amendment
Rule 104 When a motion is made to amend by striking out and inserting the Clerk shall read the paragraph as it is then the words to be stricken out and finally the whole paragraph as it would be if amended
Rule 105 When a motion is made to amend by striking out a part of a bill or resolution any amendment offered to perfect the part proposed to be stricken shall be put first before the question is put for striking it out
Rule 106 When any bill or resolution which originated in the House has been amended in the Senate and is before the House for action on the Senate amendment an amendment may be offered in the House to the Senate amendment but the House amendment to the Senate amendment cannot be further amended it must be agreed to or voted down
Rule 107 A motion to amend an amendment made by the Senate to the House bill or resolution takes precedence over a motion to agree or disagree to said amendment
Amendments by striking out and inserting
Priority of amendment to perfect
Amending
Senate
Amendments
See Pule 126
Priority
149
Priority of auestions on Senate
a mendments
Motion to reconsider
Rule 108 The questions which arise before the House respecting amendments by the Senate to a House bill or resolution are
1st A motion to agree to the Senate amendment
2d A motion to disagree to the Senate amendment
3d A motion to recede from its disagreement or amendment
4th A motion to insist on its disagreement or amendment
5th A motion to adhere to its disagreement or amendment
They take precedence in the above order
The Speaker is authorized on his own motion or upon point or order being made when in his opinion a Senate Amendment to a House Bill is not germane or if adopted would render the bill unconstitutional to rule out such amendment the effect of which ruling of the Speaker if not appealed from or if appealed from and the appeal not sustained shall be the same as a vote of the House to disagree and as such the Clerk shall report it to the Senate Such point of order shall take precedence over a motion to agree
Provided that when any question of disagreement with the Senate arises the following motions shall be in order at any time the movant can legally obtain the floor and debate thereon limited as in the case of reconsideration 1st a motion to insist upon the House position 2nd a motion to recede from the House position which motions shall be put in the order listed subject to disposition by the House of any amendments or substitutes affecting the matter in disagreement RECONSIDERATION
Rule 109 When the Journal of the preceding day shall be read it shall be in the power of any member whether said member previously voted in the affirmative or negative on the matter sought to be reconsidered to move for a reconsideration of
150
any matter therein contained except such matter as has been previously reconsidered provided such member shall notify the House of his intention to move such reconsideration at any time before the Journal is confirmed Provided further that the action of the House on Senate amendments shall be in order for reconsideration immediately and not otherwise
Rule 110 The notice of a motion to reconsider shall not be withdrawn after the time has elapsed within which it might originally have been made
Rule 111 No matter shall be reconsidered more than once
Rule 112 Motions for reconsideration shall be in order immediately after the order of unanimous consent on the day succeeding the action sought to be reconsidered except that any matter which could not be reconsidered on the succeeding day shall be in order for reconsideration on the day of said action
Rule 113 The action of the House upon an amendment may be reconsidered at any time before final action upon the section bill or resolution to which it relates
Rule 114 All bills reconsidered shall take their place at the foot of the calendar of bills then in order for a third reading
COMMITTEE ON THE WHOLE HOUSE
Rule 115 The Speaker may resolve the House into a Committee of the Whole without a motion being made therefor whenever a bill or resolution shall be in order for consideration on its third reading before the House which is required by the rules of this House to be considered in the Committee of the Whole
Shall not be withdrawn when
When there may be one reconsideration
When in order
Amendments when reconsidered
Place of calendar
When ordered by Speaker
See Buie 44
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When ordered by the House
How formed
Proceedings
Rule 116 The House may resolve itself into a Committee of the Whole House by a majority of a quorum voting on motion of a member made for that purpose provided however that notice of intention to make such motion shall be given during the session of the preceding day individual speeches on such motion being limited to three minutes If such notice shall not have been given the motion shall prevail if it shall receive the affirmative votes of twothirds of those voting and which twothird shall also constitute a majority of all of the members elected to the House and provided further whenever the House either by its own vote or by unanimous consent shall commit any bill or resolution to Committee of the Whole House and subsequently a motion shall be made to resolve the House into Committee of the Whole to consider such bill or resolution and such motion shall be lost the said motion shall not be again renewed but it shall be the duty of the Speaker to require the Clerk to read the bill or resolution again on the following days session under the order of Introduction of New Matter or Reading of Bills the First Time and to refer such bill or resolution to the appropriate committee unless otherwise ordered by the House provided however that for the consideration of the General Tax Bill and General Appropriation Bill the House may resolve itself into a Committee of the Whole House by a majority of a quorum voting on motion of a member made for that purpose and no previous notice shall be necessary
Rule 117 In forming a Committee of the Whole House the Speaker shall leave the chair and a Chairman to preside in committee shall be appointed by the Speaker
Rule 118 In the Committee of the Whole bills shall be first read throughout by the Clerk and then
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again be read or debated by clauses or sections leaving the preamble to be last considered unless otherwise ordered
Rule 119 The Rules of the House shall be observed by the Committee of the Whole so far as they may be applicable except that it can not refer a matter to any other committee it can not adjourn the previous question can not be enforced a motion to lay on the table or indefinitely postpone shall not be in order a member may speak as often as he may obtain the floor no call of the House shall be in order nor shall any vote be taken by yeas and nays
Rule 120 If at any time in the Committee of the Whole it shall be desired to close the debate or to limit the time to be allowed members for speaking the committee may rise and report its desire to the House and the House shall take such action thereon as it may see fit by a resolution agreed for that purpose said resolution shall apply only to the subjectmatter before said committee and when said resolution has been agreed to or refused by the House the action of the House shall be deemed the sense of the committee and the House may then on motion again resolve itself into Committee of the Whole and continue the consideration of the subject
Rule 121 In the event that a Committee of the Whole House at any sitting shall for want of time fail to complete any matter under consideration it may on motion at any time in the committee made rise report progress and have leave to sit again generally or at a day certain
Rule 122 A motion that the committee rise and report progress and ask leave to sit again can be made at any time when the mover thereof can legitimately obtain the floor and shall take precedence over all other motions and shall be decided without
Rule in committee
Debate bow closed
Time of how extended
Motion to rise etc
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Reconsid
eration
Duty of Chairman when no Quorum is present
All members shall vote unless excused
Amendments
Disorderly
conduct
reported
Chairman may order galleries cleared
debate and when it prevails the committee shall immediately rise and when the regular hour for adjournment of the House arrives the committee shall automatically rise and the Speaker shall assume the Chair
Rule 123 A motion to reconsider shall be in order in Committee of the Whole
Rule 124 The Committee of the Whole shall not proceed with the business before it whenever a vote on any question shall disclose the fact that no quorum of the House is present Whenever it is suggested that a quorum is not present the Chairman of the committee shall satisfy himself of the fact by actual count of the committee and report the same to the committee and the Chairman shall on his own motion order that the committee immediately rise and he shall report the fact of the absence of a quorum to the House
Rule 125 The Speaker may in Committee of the Whole take part in the proceedings and he as well as all other members shall vote on all questions before the committee unless excused therefrom and no pairing of members shall be recognized or allowed in the Committee of the Whole
Rule 126 Amendments proposed by the Committee of the Whole may be amended or rejected by the House and matters stricken out by the committee may be restored by the House
Rule 127 A Committee of the Whole House can not punish disorderly conduct of its members but must report the same to the House for action thereon
Rule 128 The Chairman of the Committee of the Whole shall have power to have the galleries or lobbies cleared in case of any disorderly conduct therein
Rule 129 When the Committee of the Whole have disposed of the bill resolutions or other measures before it by motion and question it shall rise and the Chairman will be instructed to report the action of the Committee to the House At this point the Speaker will resume his seat and the Chairman will return to the floor and will state in substance as follows Mr Speaker the Committee of the Whole House have had under consideration naming what and have instructed me as their Chairman to report the same back to the House with the recommendation that the same do pass or do pass as amended or do not pass as the case may be
The Speaker will receive this report and repeat the same and the matter will then be before the House for action just as though reported by any other committee
Rule 130 The proceedings of the Committee of the Whole shall not be recorded in the Journal of the House except so far as reported to the House by the Chairman of said committee
Rule 131 When in the Committee of the Whole any papers in the possession of the House may be called for by any member and read by the Clerk for the information of the committee unless the committee shall otherwise order
Rule 132 Amendments offered to an amendment in the Committee of the Whole shall not be reported to the House butthe report shall contain only the result of the committees action on the bill resolution or measure under consideration before it
ABSENTEES
Rule 133 The rollcall at the opening of each session of the House and also the reading of the Journal shall not be dispensed with except by a vote of twothirds of the members present The motion to dispense with the roll call and to dispense with the reading of the Journal shall be decided without debate
Proceedings of when business before it is finished
Record
Papers may be called for
Report shall contain result of committees action
Morning rollcall dispensed with by twothirds vote
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Names of absentees noted
Duty of
Auditing
Committee
Excuses of members
Power to compel at tendance
Rule 134 Upon the call of all the members ordinary and extraordinary the names of the absentees shall be noted by the Clerk and shall appear upon the Journal And it shall be the duty of the Clerk to keep a separate list of the absentees from each days proceedings which list shall be entered upon the Journal and shall show which of said absentees are absent without leave and of those absent with leave which are absent for providential causes and which for business reasons which said separate list shall be read in the House with the Journal upon which the same is entered
The Clerk shall also keep in a book accessible to the Committee on Excuses of Members Absent without Leave the names of all such absentees noting such as are absent without leave and the member so absent without leave unless excused by the House are so absent
It shall be the duty of the Committee on Auditing to inquire into the matter before passing upon any members account
Excuses of members absent without leave shall be submitted to the Committee on Excuses of Members Absent without Leave and the recommendation of some member of said committee shall be necessary to have said excuse allowed by the House
COMPELLING ATTENDANCE
Rule 135 The power to compel the attendance of members in order to keep or secure a quorum shall be vested in the Speaker and to this end he may have the doors of the House closed When the doors are so closed no member shall be allowed to retire from the House without first obtaining leave from the House
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The Messenger of the House shall be exofficio SergeantatArms of the House and on order of the Speaker may arrest any absentees and bring them before the House when necessary to secure a quorum as aforesaid
CALL OF THE HOUSE
Rule 136 Whenever the result of a vote taken shall disclose the fact that no quorum of the House is present or when the Speaker shall officially state the fact to the House itshall be in order for any member to make a motion for a call of the House and when this motion is made the Speaker shall state the question as follows Shall the motion for the call of the House prevail and if fifteen of the members present shall vote in the affirmative the Speaker shall order the Clerk to call the roll of members and the absentees shall be noted the doors shall then be closed after which the names of the absentees shall again be called over and those who do not appear and who are absent without leave may by the order of the majority of the members present be sent for and arrested wherever they may be found by the officers to be appointed by the Messenger for that purpose and their attendance secured and the House shall determine upon what conditions they shall be discharged
Rule 137 A majority of each House shall constitute a quorum to transact business but a smaller number may adjourn from day to day and compel the presence of its absent members as each House may provide
Art 3 Sec 4 Par 4
Rule 138 Each Senator and Representative before taking his seat shall take the following oath or affirmation towit I will support the Constitution of this State and of the United States and
Sergeant
atarms
What is a Quorum Compelling attendance
Oath of members
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Majority required to pass bill
Yeas and nays order by onefifth of members
Bill or resolutions appropriating money must pass by yeas and nays
Constitutional twothirds vote taken by yeas and nays
Revenue bills
on all questions and measures which may come before me I will so conduct myself as will in my judgment be most conducive to the interest and prosperity of this State
Art 3 Sec 7 Par 7
Rule 139 No bill shall become a law unless it shall receive a majority of the votes of all the members elected to each House of the General Assembly and it shall in every instance appear on the Journal
Art 3 Sec 7 Par 14
Rule 140 The yeas and nays on any question shall at the desire of onefifth of the members present be entered on the Journal
Art 3 Sec 7 Par 6
Rule 141 No bill or resolution appropriating money shall become a law unless upon its passage the yeas and nays in each House are recorded
Art 3 Sec 7JPar 12
Rule 142 Whenever the Constitution requires a vote of twothirds of either or both Houses for the passage of an Act or resolution the yeas and nays on the passage thereof shall be entered on the Journal
Art 3 Sec 7 Par 21
Rule 143 Every bill before it shall pass shall be read three times and on three separate days in each House unless in cases of actual invasion or insurrection The first and second reading of local bills shall be by titles only The third reading of local bills mustbe full and complete
Art 3 Sec 4 Par 5
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Rule 144 All bills for raising revenue or appropriating money shall originate in the House of Representatives but the Senate may propose or concur in amendments as in other bills
Art 3 Sec 7 Par 10
Rule 145 No law or ordinance shall pass which refers to more than one subject matter or contains matter different from what is expressed in the title thereof
Art 3 Sec 7 Par 8
Rule 146 No law or section of the Code shall be amended or repealed by mere reference to its title or to the number of the Section of the Code but the amending or repealing Act shall distinctly describe the law to be amended or repealed as well as the alteration to be made
Art 3 Sec 7 Par 17
Rule 147 Laws of a general nature shall have uniform operation throughout the State and no special law shall be enacted in any case for which provisions have been made by an existing general law No general law affecting private rights shall be varied in any particular case by special legislation except with the consent in writing of all persons to be affected thereby and no person under legal disability to contract is capable of such consent
Art 1 Sec 4 Par 1
Rule 148 The General Assembly shall have no power to grant corporate powers and privileges to private companies except banking insurance railroad canal navigation express and telegraph companies nor to make or change election precincts nor establish bridges or ferries nor to change names of legitimate children but it shall prescribe by law the manner in which such power shall be exercised by the courts
Art 3 Sec 7 Par 18
Heading of bills
One subject matter etc
An amendment to laws and sections of Code
General laws how varied
Consent and when reauired
Corpora
tions
Power delegated to courts
159
Belief of recognizance
What the general appropriation bill shall contain Other appropriations by separate bills
Adjourn
ments
Elections
Rejected bills again considered by a twothirds vote
Rule 149 The General Assembly shall have no power to relieve principals or securities upon forfeited recognizances from the payment thereof either before or after judgment thereon unless the principal in the recognizance shall have been apprehended and placed in the custody of the proper officer
Rule 150 The General Appropriation bill shall embrace nothing except appropriation fixed by previous laws the ordinary expenses of the Executive Legislative and Judicial Departments of the Government paying of the public debt and interest thereon and for the support of the public institutions and educational interests of the State All other appropriations shall be made by separate bills each embracing but one subject
Art 3 Sec 7 Par 9
Rule 151 Neither House shall adjourn for more than three days or to any other place without the consent of the other and in case of disagreement between the two Houses on a question of adjournment the Governor may adjourn either or both of them
Art 3 Sec 7 Par 24
Rule 152 All elections by the General Assembly shall be viva voce and the vote shall appear on the Journal of the House of Representatives When the Senate and House of Representatives unite for the purpose of elections they shall meet in the Representative Hall and the President of the Senate shall in such cases preside and declare result
Art 3 Sec 10 Par 1
Rule 153 No bill or ordinance or resolution intended to have the effect of a law which shall have been rejected by either House shall be again proposed during the same session under the same or any
160
other title without the consent of twothirds of the House by which the same was rejected
Art 3 Sec 7 Par 13
Rule 154 The General Assembly shall meet on the second Monday in January 1933 and biennially thereafter on the same date until the day shall be changed by law Such session shall continue no longer than ten 10 days
The General Assembly shall reconvene in regular session on the second Monday after the 4th of July 1933 and biennially thereafter on the same date until the date shall be changed by law No such regular session shall continue longer than sixty 60 days
For complete description of Article see page 204 herein
Art 3 Sec 4 Par 3
Rule 155 Each House shall be the judge of the election returns and qualifications of its members and shall have the power to punish them for disorderly behavior or misconduct by censure fine or imprisonment or expulsion but no member shall be expelled except by a vote of twothirds of the House to which he belongs
Art 3 Sec 7 Par jJ
Rule 156 No provision of this Constitution for a twothirds vote of both Houses of the General Assembly shall be construed to waive the necessity for the signature of the Governor as in any other case except in the twothirds vote required to override the veto and in case of prolongation of a session of the General Assembly
Art 2 Sec 7 Par 23
Rule 157 The Governor shall have the revision of all bills passed by the General Assembly before the same shall become laws but twothirds of each House may pass a bill notwithstanding his dissent and if any bill should not be returned by the Governor within five days Sunday excepted after it has been
161
January session limited to ten days
Regular Session limited to sixty days
Elections
disorderly
conduct
Expulsion by twothirds vote
Signature of Governor when reauired
Governors
veto
Effect of twothirds vote thereon
When Governor must approve
Effect of
twothirds
vote
Twothirds vote required
Twothirds vote required on amendments to Constitution
presented to him the same shall be a law unless the General Assembly by their adjournment shall prevent its return He may approve any appropriation and disapprove any other appropriation in the same bill and the latter shall not be effectual unless passed by twothirds of each House
Art 5 Sec 1 Par 16
Rule 158 Every note resolution or order to which the concurrence of both Houses may be necessary except on a question of election or adjournment shall be presented to the Governor and before it shall take effect be approved by him or being disapproved shall be passed by twothirds of each House
Art 5 Sec 1 Par 17
Rule 159 No county site shall be changed or removed except by a twothirds vote of the qualified voters of the county voting at an election held for that purpose and a twothirds vote of the General Assembly
Art 11 Sec 1 Par 4
Rule 160 Any amendment or amendments to this Constitution may be proposed in the Senate or House of Representatives and if the same shall be agreed to by twothirds of the members elected to each of the two Houses such proposed amendment or amendments shall be entered on their Journals with the yeas and nays taken thereon and the General Assembly shall cause such amendment or amendments to be published in one or more newspapers in each Congressional Districts for two months previous to the time of holding the next general election and shall provide for submission of such proposed amendment or amendments to the people at the said next general election and if the people shall ratify such amendment or amendments by a majority of the electors qualified to vote for members of the General Assembly voting thereon such amendment or amend
162
ments shall become a part of this Constitution When more than one amendment is submitted at the same time they shall be so submitted as to enable the electors to vote on each amendment separately
Art 13 Sec 1 Par 1
Rule 161 No convention of the people shall be called by the General Assembly to revise amend or change the Constitution unless by the concurrence of twothirds of all the members of each House of the General Assembly The representation in said convention shall be based on the population as near as practicable
Art 13 Sec 1 Par 2
Rule 162 The Judges of the Supreme Court shall have out of the treasury of the State salaries not to exceed four thousand dollars per annum the Judges of the Superior Court shall have salaries not to exceed three thousand dollars per annum the AttorneyGeneral shall have a salary not to exceed two thousand dollars per annum and the SolicitorsGeneral shall each have salaries not to exceed two hundred and fifty dollars per annum but the AttorneyGeneral shall not have any fee or perquisite in any cases arising after the adoption of this Constitution but the provisions of this section shall not affect those now in office
The General Assembly may at any time by a twothirds vote of each branch prescribe other and different salaries for any or all of the above officers but no such changes shall affect the officers then in commission
Art 6 Sec 13 Pars 1 and 2
Twothirds vote reauired to call a convention How called
Salaries of Judges
Maybe changed by a twothirds vote
163
Evidence of notice of local and special bills must be submitted before passage of same
Messages
Messages when received and considered
Petitions
Motions
Rule 163 No local or special bill shall be passed unless notice of the intention to apply therefor shall have been published in the locality where the matter or thing to be affected may be situated which notice shall be given at least thirty days prior to the introduction of such bill into the General Assembly and in the manner to be prescribed by law The evidence of such notice having been published shall be exhibited in the General Assembly before such Act shall be passed
Art 3 Sec 7 Par 16
MISCELLANEOUS RULES
Rule 164 When a message shall be sent to the House of Representatives it shall be announced at the door of the House by the Doorkeeper and be respectfully communicated to the chair by the person through whom it may be sent
Rule 165 Messages may be received at any time while the door is open except while a question is being put or a ballot or a viva voce is being taken A message shall be presented to the House by the Speaker when received or afterwards according to its nature and the business in which the House is engaged or its consideration may on motion be ordered by the House
Rule 166 It shall be the order of the day every Wednesday to take up and decide on reports of Committees on Petitions and all Petitions shall be numbered as they are received and taken up and disposed of in the order they were received unless otherwise ordered by a majority of a quorum
Rule 167 After a motion is stated by the Speaker or read by the Clerk it shall be deemed to be in the possession of the House but may be withdrawn at any time before the decision by the unanimous consent of the House
164
Rule 168 Any member presenting a petition memorial or remonstrance shall as concisely as practicable intimate the name and object of the petitioner memorialist or remonstrant which shall be noted on the Journal and the paper may then be referred without reading
Rule 169 The several standing committees of the House shall have leave to report by bill or otherwise The report of the Committee on Rules is in order at any time when the House is not actually engaged in other business
Rule 170 The Clerk of the House shall take an oath for the true and faithful discharge of the duties of his office to the best of his knowledge and abilities and shall be deemed to continue in office until another be elected
Rule 171 The Clerk shall take special care of the books provided for the use of the House
Rule 172 The Committee on Enrollment shall carefully compare enrolled bills and resolutions and correcting any errors that may be discovered in the enrolled bills or other papers make their report forthwith to their respective Houses
Rule 173 Verification of a roll call vote can be dispensed with only by unanimous consent the Speaker shall not entertain a motion to that effect
Rule 174 Whenever on any question the yeas and nays shall have been ordered the Clerk shall also enter on the Journal the names of those members not voting
Rule 175i When a motion is made by any member it shall not be necessary that the same shall be seconded before being put to the House
Rule 176 After the announcement of the standing committee no other members shall be placed thereon except when members have been elected to
Petitions
memorials
etc
Committees
Clerk
Clerk
Duties of Committee on Enrollment
Motions no privileged
Not necessary to second motion
Committees how and when engaged
165
Privileges on the floor
Privileges of the floor
Duty of Committee on Journals
Members to receipt Clerk for books and papers
fill vacancies caused by death or otherwise the Speaker may assign said members to such committees as he may see fit and he may fill any vacancy in chairmanships
Rule 177 No person shall be allowed to enter upon the floor of the House except the members and officers thereof the officers and members of the Senate the Governor of the State and the heads of the officers of the Executive Department Members of Congress from Georgia State House officers and members of the press actively reporting Legislative proceedings exGovernors Judges of the Supreme and Superior Courts and SolicitorsGeneral in actual commission expresiding officers of the House and Senate Judges and DistrictAttorneys of the United States Courts and such others as the House may allow upon recommendation of the Committee on the Privileges of the Floor The report of the Committee on Privileges of the Floor may be made at any time the chairman of the committee is recognized by the Speaker Privileges of the floor and use of the press table shall be extended only to those representatives of the press bearing proper credentials from recognized newspapers of general circulation and telegraphic press associations provided that no person shall be admitted on the floor of the House who is engaged in lobbying or in attempting to influence legislation
Rule 178 It shall be the duty of the Committee on Journals to read the Journal of each days proceedings and report to the House that the same is correct before the Journal is read by the Clerk
Rule 179 No member shall take any books or papers from the possession of the House or Clerk without first acquainting the Clerk and giving him a rceipt to return the same in a reasonable time or on his demand
166
Rule 180 The House shall convene at 10 a m Sundays excepted unless otherwise ordered by the House The hour of adjournment to be fixed by a majority of said House on motion without debate
Rule 181 A motion for the call of the yeas and nays shall be decided without debate
Rule 182 All Acts and joint resolutions shall be signed by the Speaker and Clerk and all writs warrants and subpoenas issued by order of the House shall be signed by the Speaker and attested by the Clerk
Rule 183 It shall be the duty of the Messenger to attend to the wants of the House while in session to aid in the enforcement of order under the direction of the Speaker to execute the demands of the House from time to time together with all such processes issued under its authority as may be directed to him by the Speaker
Rule 184 The Messenger under the direction of the Clerk shall superintend the distribution by the Pages of all documents and papers to be distributed to the members he shall distribute to the members the usual and necessary stationery required by them
Rule 185 No Committee of the Whole or other committee shall deface or interline a bill resolution or other paper referred to said committee but shall report any amendment recommended on a separate paper noting the section page or line to which said amendment relates
Rule 186 No pairing of members shall be recognized or allowed as an excuse for not voting
Rule 187 Whenever any member moves that a Committee of Conference on disagreeing votes of the two Houses naming the number of members be appointed if said motion prevails the Speaker
Adjournment and meeting
Motion for yeas and nays not debatable
Signature of Speaker and Olerk
Duty of Messenger
Messengers duty in distributing documents etc
Interlineation forbidden
Pairing
Committee on conference
167
Amendments
Majority and
minority
reports
What motions lie on table
Changing
votes
Questions of
privilege
Proviso
shall appoint a committee on the part of the House and in such case the committee shall consist of only such members as voted in the majority on the position assumed by the House and if by inadvertence any member be nominated on said committee who was not in said majority vote he shall notify the House and be excused by the Speaker
Rule 188 After commitment of a bill and report thereof to the House it may be amended before the report of the committee is agreed to by the House but the amendments if any reported by the committee shall be disposed of before any other amendment be considered unless it be an amendment to a committee amendment
Rule 189 All reports of a committee shall be in writing and the minority of a committee may make a report in writing setting forth succinctly the reasons for their dissent
Rule 190 Every motion for information from the Executive Department or any other Department of the State Government shall lie on the table one day and on the following day such motion shall be deemed privileged and shall be in order for immediate consideration at the request of the author or any other member of the House
Rule 191 On the call of the yeas and nays the Clerk shall read the names of the members after they have been called and no member shall be permitted to change his vote unless he at that time declares that he voted under a mistake of the question
Rule 192 Questions of privilege shall be first those affecting the rights of the House collectively its safety dignity and the integrity of its proceedings second the rights reputation and conduct of members individually in their representative capacity only and shall have precedence over all other
168
questions except a motion to adjourn Provided that when any matter is before the House no question of personal privilege shall be acted on until the pending question shall be disposed of
Rule 193 In all elections a majority of the members present shall be necessary to a choice
Rule 194 When any question arises which is not provided for in the foregoing Rules the same shall be controlled by the rules usually governing parliamentary bodies
Rule 195 The Auditing Committee shall before auditing the account of any member for expenses of a committeeman or any account prescribed by a member for any expense incurred in discharge of any duty as a member of this House require of such an itemized statement of such account supported by proper vouchers for each item of said account
ORDER OE BUSINESS
Rule 196 The following shall be the order of business
1 Scripture Reading and Prayer by the Chaplain
2 Call of the Roll
3 Report of the committee on the Journal
4 Reading of the Journal
5 Confirmation of the Journal
6 Unanimous consents
7 Motions to reconsider
8 Reports of standing committees
9 House bills favorably reported for a second reading
10 Unfinished business of previous session
11 Orders of the day
169
12 On Mondays Wednesdays and Fridays call of the counties for the introduction of new matter On Mondays and Wednesdays third reading of Senate bills and resolutions
13 House bills and resolutions for third reading and House bills and resolutions with Senate amendments
14 On Tuesdays House bills on the calendar adversely reported for a second reading
15 On Mondays and Fridays immediately after the call of the counties Senate bills for first and second reading shall be in order
16 On Wednesdays immediately after the call of the counties all petitions and reports of committees on petitions shall be in order
17 Bills of Senate for third reading
18 Senate resolutions
19 Report of committees on enrollment may be made at any time
20 After the regular order of business for each day shall have been exhausted House Bills for first and second reading and Senate Bills for first and second reading respectively shall be in order
Unless otherwise ordered by the House no general bills or resolutions shall be in order for a third reading or for reconsideration at Saturdays session General bills or resolutions otherwise in order for reconsideration on Saturday shall stand over until the following Monday
170
Rule 197 No committee of the House shall consist of more than twentyfive members This rule however shall not apply to the following committees Amendments to the Constitution No 1 Amendmentsto Constitution No 2 Appropriations Commerce Counties and County Matters Education No 1 Education No 2 Georgia State Sanitarium General Agriculture No 1 General Agriculture No 2 General Judiciary No 1 General Judiciary No 2 Historical Research Legislative and Congressional Reapportionment Motor Vehicles Municipal Government Penitentiary Public Highways No 1 Public Highways No 2 Public Utilities State Prison Farm University System of Georgia Ways and Means Western and Atlantic Railroad
171
COMMITTEES
Rule 198 The Speaker shall appoint the following committees
Academy for the Blind
Amendments to the Constitution No One Amendments to the Constitution No Two Appropriations
Auditing
Aviation
Banks and Banking
Commerce
Conservation
Corporations
Counties and County Matters
Drainage
Education No One
Education No Two
Engrossing
Enrollment
Excuse of Members Absent without Leave
Game and Fish
General Agriculture No One
General Agriculture No Two
General Judiciary No One
General Judiciary No Two
Georgia School for the Deaf
Georgia State Sanitarium
Hall and Rooms
Historical Research
Hygiene and Sanitation
Industrial Relations
Insurance
Invalid Pensions and Soldiers Home
173
Journals
Legislative and Congressional Reapportionment Manufactures
Military Affairs
Mines and Mining
Motor Vehicles
Municipal Government
Penitentiary
Pensions
Privileges and Elections
Privileges of the Floor
Public Highways No One
Public Highways No Two
Public Library
Public Printing
Public Property
Public Utilities
Railroads
Rules
Sanitarium at Alto
Special Judiciary
State of Republic
State Prison Farm
Temperance
Training Schools
Uniform State Laws
University System of Georgia
Ways and Means
Western and Atlantic Railroad
The Chairman and Chairman pro tern of the Committee on Appropriations shall be exofficio members of the Committee on Ways and MeanSj and the Chairman and Chairman pro tern of the Committee on
173
Ways and Means shall be exofficio members of the Committee on Appropriations
Rule 199 Whenever any bill or resolution has been referred to a committee and the same has been held in the custody or control of such committee for ten days without reporting on same the author of such bill or any member of the House shall have the right immediately after the confirmation of the Journal to give notice that on the next regular meeting of the House he will submit a motion instructing such committee to report such bill back to the House after which on the next regular meeting day of the House any member of the House immediately after the confirmation of the Journal may move to instruct such committee to report such bill or resolution back to the House and if the motion prevails it shall be the duty of such committee to report such bill or resolution accordingly with or without recommendation as the case may be at the next regular session and upon failure of said Committee to report such bill accordingly the same shall automatically be returned to the House for consideration Debate on said motion to instruct such committee to report such bill or resolution back to the House shall be limited to twenty minutes unless otherwise ordered by the House and when such bill or resolution is so reported or returned to the House it may be referred or committed as other bills or resolutions Provided that any motion or resolution to set a special order or to change the order of business for any particular day which has been referred to the Committee on Rules may be held in the custody and control of such committee only three days instead of ten days under this rule It shall be the duty of the committee to which any measure providing for an appropriation is referred to report such bill or measure back to the House at least fifteen days prior to the last day of the session regardless of any such notice or motion by the author or any other member
174
Rule 200 In drawing for seats all members except those who have been permitted by the House to select seats without drawing shall retire to the rear of the Hall The names of all counties printed on separate slips of paper shall be deposited in a box and the box placed on the Clerks desk The names of the counties shall be drawn separately from the box and announced by the Clerk from his desk
When the name of a county is announced the member or members from that county shall come forward to the Clerks desk and secure a desk card with name and county printed thereon and then proceed to select his seat All desks shall be arranged in their proper position on the floor of the House and no desk shall be moved or changed
The Speaker shall have the right to reserve seats for the chairmen of the committees on Appropriations and Ways and Means and for the vicechairman of Committee on Rules before the drawing for seats
175
INDEX TO STANDING RULES OF
Georgia House of Representatives
ABSENTEES Rule No
Auditing Committee duty as to 134
Clerks duty as to 134
Roll call dispensed with whentj 133
ADJOURN MOTION TO
Committee of whole not in order inI 119
Definite time debatable when1 57
Effect when motion prevails 60
Motion not debatable 56180
Motion not amendable 56
Motion when in order 58
Motion when not in order 59
Precedence of motion 55
Shall not be made second time until when 56
ADJOURNMENT
Constitutional time limit 151
Courtesy to speaker at time of 26
Effect of 60
Effect when hour of arrives when House acting under previous question 61
Effect when hour of arrives during vote by yeas and nays 61
Hour of fixed by House 180
ADVERSE REPORT
Bills and resolutions adversely reported taken up when 41
Debate on final passage 72
Effect of on bills 48
AMENDMENTS
Applicable to an amendment 94
Bills or resolutions amended by sections 102
Bill perfected before caption or preamble 101
Bills perfected before substitute 96
Blanks must be filled 100
Clerks duty in amending by striking out and inserting 104
Committee of whole action on 126
177
Rule No
Committee of whole what reported to House 132
Germane must be igg
Motion to amend how made 94
Motion to commit amendable 90
Motion to postpone indefinitely not amendable 80
Motion to postpone to time definite amendable 85
Motion to table amendment not in order g2
Motion to table not amendable gg
Must be in writing 90
Precedence of motion to amend 55
Priority of amendments 99
Priority of amendments to perfect part proposed to be striken 105
Priority of over motion to agree or disagree 107
Priority of questions on Senate Amendments to H B 108
Priority of on passage of bill ig8
Senate amendments to H B House amendments in order iog
Reconsidered when jjg
Substitute is an amendment 95
When in order jgg
When too late 97188
AMENDMENTS TO CONSTITUTION
Submission to people Igg
Convention called jgj
APPEALS
From Speakers decision g
Members may address House jt
No debate when of personal character 9
To be made at once jq
APPLAUSE
Speakers right to suppress 29
APPROPRIATIONS
General bill right of way
Governors power over jgy
Considered in committee of whole gi
House must originate 144
ATTENDANCE
Call of House Igg
Messengers duty igg
Power to compel 135136
Speakers duty igg
178
Rule No
AUDITING COMMITTEE
Absentees duty as to 134
Accounts of members duty as to 195
BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS
Amendments and substitutes bill first perfected 96
Amendments by sections 102
Amendments to Code sections 146
Amendments to passed on before those to caption or preamble 101
Appropriations House must originate 144
Clerk to state number and author when reading 41
Clerk to call in order on calendar 41
Committee of whole how read 118
Committee reports favorable effect of 48
Committee reports unfavorable effects of 48
Committee reports order of precedence 53
Corporations laws relating to 148
Engrossment effect of 48
General appropriations what to embrace 150
General laws how changed 147
Governors approval necessary 158
Governors failure to return 157
Governors veto 157
Immediate transmission when 49
Introduction when 47
Printed when 50
Reconsideration effect of 114
Rejected when again considered 153
Relief of principals and sureties 149
Requirements for 52
Speakers duty to commit 48
Special laws prohibited when 147
Subjectmatter only one and expressed in title 145
Unanimous consent for reading 43
Withdrawal of when 48
Majority necessary to pass 139
Debate none at first reading 48
Constitutional requirements as to reading 143
Reading of unanimous consent 43
Reading first no debate 48
Reading constitutional requirement 143
CALL OF HOUSE
Committee of whole not in order 119
Contempt refusal to vote on 14
179
Rule No
When in order14136
When not in order 77
CAPTION
Not considered until bill perfected 101
CHANGE OF VOTES
How done and when 191
CLERK
Absence of speaker and speaker pro tern duty of 7
Absentees duty of 134
Amendments stricking out and inserting duty of 104
Bills and resolutions how read committee of whole 118
Bills and resolutions called in order from calendar 41
Bills and resolutions name and authors stated 41
Books duty to care for171179
Call of counties Mondays Wednesdays and Fridays 40
Journal names not voting duty to enter 174
Oath of prescribed 170
CODE SECTIONS
Amendments to Constitutional requirements 146
COMMITTEES
Amendments by take precedenceI 188
Appointed by speaker 4198
Bills not to be interlined or defaced by 185
Chairmen Appropriation and Ways and Means ExOfficio Members 198
Conference how constituted 187
Defaulting committee provision a3to 199
Enlarged how 176
Failure of to report provision as to 199
Membership limited 197
Reports of order of precedence 53
Reports of required I99
Reports must be in writing 189
Speaker exofficio member of Rules 4
Speaker to appoint certain committees 4198
Rules committee how elected 4
COMMIT MOTION TO
Amended how 92
Applicable to what 8993
Committee of whole not in order 119
Precedence of as among other motions 55
Precedence of as among motions to commit to different committees 90
180
Rule No
COMMITTEE OF WHOLE HOUSE
Amendments by action by House 126
Amendments to amendments how reported to House 132
Appropriation bills considered in 51
Bills read and debated by sections 118
Call of House not in order 119
Chairman appointed by Speaker 117
Chairman power to clear galleries or lobby 128
Debate how limited and closed 120
Disorderly conduct reported 127
Extension of time how secured 121
Formation of 117
House may resolve itself into when 116
Interlineation of bills or resolutions prohibited 185
Journal not show proceedings 130
Members shall vote 125
Motion to commit to precedence 90
Motion to rise report progress and ask leave to sit again 122
Papers called for j 131
Proceedings how closed 122
Proceedings not reported in Journal 130
Procedure when business finished 129
Quorum not present precedure 124
Reconsideration in order 123
Reports of precedence 53
Rules applicable to and exceptions 119
Speaker may resolve House into when 115
Speaker may take partjj 125
Speaker chairman appointed by 117
CONSTITUTIONAL RULES
Adjournments limited 151
Amendments to Code sections 146
Amendments to Constitution 160
Appropriation Bills House must originate 144
Appropriation Bill General what to embrace 150
Appropriations Journal to show yeas and nays 141
Bills majority necessary to pass 139
Bills reading of 143
Bills rejected when again considered 153
Bills subjectmatter expressed in title 145
Bills only one subjectmatter permitted 145
Constitutional convention how called 161
Corporations power of General Assembly over 148
County sites how changed or removed 159
181
Rule No
Date of meeting fixed 154
Elections by General Assembly 152
Expulsion of members twothirds vote necessary 155
General laws how changed 147
General appropriation bill what to embrace 150
Governor failure to return billsi 157
Governors signature when required 156158
Governors vetoj157
House judges of election and qualification of members 155
Journal must show majority vote 139
Journal must show yeas and nays when required140141142
Local and special bills notice required 163
Members power to punish misconduct of 155
Members oath of prescribed 138
Quorum defined 137
Relief of principals and sureties 149
Salaries of certain officials how changed 162
Special laws prohibited when 147
Subjectmatter bills to contain but one 145
Subjectmatter must be expressed in title 145
Veto of Governor 157
Yeas and nays required when140141142
Yeas and nays Journal to show on Apps 141
Yeas and nays Journal to show where twothirds vote required 142
CONTEMPT
Refusal to vote unless excused on call of House 14
CONTEST
Contestant and contestee to retire when vote taken 22
CONVERSATION
Prohibited 1924
COUNTY SITE
How changed or removed 159
DEBATE
Adjournment decided without 180
Bills first reading no debate 48
Committee of whole regulated 119129
Committee happenings reference to out of order 27
Conversations reference to out of order 27
Conduct of members in 17
Individual speeches limited 17
Motion to adjourn not debatable 56
Motion to change rules not debatable 46
Motion to commit when debatable 91
Rule No
Motion to change order of business not debatable 46
Motion to extend members time of speaking not debatable 17
Motion to excuse member from voting not debatable 34
Motion to indefinitely postpone debatable 80
Motion to instruct committee debate limited 199
Motion for previous question not debatable 71
Motion to read papers not debatable 33
Motion to suspend rules not debatable 46
Motion to table not debatable 68
Motion to postpone to time definite what debatable 87
Previous question decided affirmatively debate regulated 72
Priority of business not debatable 16
Roll call no debate during 30
Senate happenings reference to out of order 27
Yeas and nays decided without debate 181
DISPARAGING REMARKS
Members prohibited from 28
DIVISION
Duty of member calling for 37
M otion to excuse from voting to be made before 34
Right to call for 36
What not divisible3839
DRAWING FOR SEATS
Regulated 200
ELECTION
House Judge of of members 155
Majority vote necessary 193
ENROLLMENT COMMITTEE
Duties of 172
EXCEPTION TO WORDS SPOKEN
Procedure3 18
EXPLANATION OF VOTES
When allowed and time limited 32
EXPULSION OF MEMBERS
When17155
DOORKEEPER
Duty as to enforcement of rule as to intoxication 25
D uty as to messages 164
Speaker may suspend when 12
183
Rule No
GALLERIES
Applause to be suppressed 29
Committee of whole chairman may clear 128
Speaker may clear 13
GENERAL ASSEMBLY
Meets when 154
Session limited 154
GENERAL APPROPRIATION BILL
Constitutional provision as to what it shall embrace 150
Right of way in order of business 41
GENERAL LAWS
How changed 147
GENERAL TAX BILL
Right of way of 41
GOVERNOR
Failure to return bill effect 157
Signature when required 156158
Veto 157
HOUR OF ADJOURNMENT
Fixed by House 180
IMMEDIATE TRANSMISSION TO SENATE
Twothirds vote necessary 49
INTOXICATION
Member denied floor while in state of 25
JOURNAL
Absentees shown om 134
Amendments to Constitution yeas and nays must be shown on 160
Appropriation of money yeas and nays shown 141
Committee duty to read 178
Committee of whole proceedings not shown 130
Majority on passage of bills must be shown 139
Names those not voting shown on 174
Yeas and nays to be shown140141
LAUDATORY REMARKS
Prohibited in Nominations 28
LOCAL BILLS
Constitutional requirement as to reading 143
Constitutional requirement as to notice 163
Introduced when 47
Reading of third time and put on passage by unanimous consent 43
184
MAIN QUESTION Rule No
Effect as to when votes had on motion for previous question7172 74
Minority report time allowed for debatejs 75
Motion to table supersedes when 70
Reconsideration of 71
When ordered call of House 77
When ordered vote how taken 73
MAJORITY
Bill majority vote necessary to pass 139
Elections majority vote necessary 193
Quorum majority necessary 137
MEMBERS
Adjournment duty of at 26
Arrest subject to when135136137
Attendance of compelled when135136137
Books and papers duty as to 179
Called to order for transgressing rules 17
Changing votes how and when 191
Committee of whole right to speak 119
Committee of whole duty to vote 125
Conduct in debate 17
Conversation and smoking prohibited 1924
Debate how often to speak 17
Debate individual speeches limited 17
Debate reference to conversations happenings in committee and
Senate prohibited 27
Decorum of1719 242627
Designation of members mode of 20
Exceptions to words of procedure 18
Expulsion of when15517
Interrogating mode ofI 21
Intoxication denied floor when in state of 25
Introduction of bills number limited 40
Introduction of bills name and county to be endorsed 52
Laudatory remarks in nominations 28
Member speaking duty of while 26
Misconduct in house and committee of whole155127
Motion may make one at a timeJ 31
Motion must resume seat while being put 31
Motion prohibited from making nondebatable when 35
Oath of prescribed 138
Protests of proceedings 23
Retire when required to 22
Seats drawing for 200
Vote shall not when interested 22
Vote shall exception34125
185
Rule No
MEMORIALS
Manner of presentation 168
MEETING OF HOUSE
Adjournment fixed by House 180
Time of meeting for daily sessions 180
Constitutional provision 154
MINORITY REPORTS
How made 189
Main question ordered privilege first signer 75
MESSAGES
How sent announced received and considered 165
MESSENGER
Arrest of members135136
Exofficio sergeantatarms 135
Intoxicated member enforcement of rule 25
General duties183184
Speaker may suspend when 12
MOTIONS
Information from executive department lie on table 190
Nondebatable prohibited when 35
One at a time only 31
Order of priority 55
Order of business motion to change not debatable 46
Order of business motion to change vote necessary 54
Read papers motion to decide without debate 33
Rules motion to change or suspend vote necessary 44
Rules motion to change or suspend how submitted 424546
Seconding of unnecessary 175
Special orders motion to make how substituted 42
Strike out and insert motion to not divisible 39
Withdrawn how 167
NEW MATTERS
Call of counties by clerk 40
General bills limited to one a day 40
Information from executive department to lie on table 190
Unanimous consents for 43
NOMINATIONS
Laudatory remarks prohibited 28
186
OATHS Rule No
Of Clerk prescribed 170
Of Members prescribed 138
ORDER OF BUSINESS
Changed how444654
Motion to change not debatable 46
Motion to change vote necessary4454
Priority of established 196
Rules committee to fix during last seven days 54
PARLIAMENTARY LAW
Applicable when 194
PETITIONS
Considered when 166
Manner of presentation 168
PREAMBLE
Not considered until resolution perfected 101
PREVIOUS QUESTION
Adjourn motion not in order after affirmative votes on 71
Adjournment effect arrival hour of House acting under 61
Affirmative votes result71727475
Applicable to what 76
Call of House not in order after ordered except when 77
Call for sustained motion to table in order 70
Exhausted must be before matters of words excepted to decided 18
Precedence of motion 55
POSTPONE
Applicable to what definite and indefinite8188
Committee of whole motion to definitely postpone not in order 119
Debate motion to indefinitely postpone debatable but not amendable 80
Definitely postpone motion to amendable 85
Effect of affirmative action on motion to indefinitely postpone 79
Effect of affirmative action on motion to postpone to time definite 84
Effect of negative actionj 84
Indefinitely motion to when not applicable 81
Impossible day motion to postpone to treated how 86
Indefinitely motion to not renewable 82
Precedence of motion 55
PRIVILEGE
Personal privilege 192
Questions of what constitutes 192
187
Rule No
PRIVILEGES OF FLOOR
Who entitled to 177
PRINTING OF BILLS
When ordered 50
PROTESTS OF MEMBERS
Procedure 23
QUALIFYING PARAGRAPH
Not a divisible question 38
QUORUM
Constitutional definition 137
READING OF PAPERS
House determines by vote1 33
RECONSIDERATION
Amendments when reconsidered 113
Bills notice of motion when given 109
Bills notice not to be withdrawn when5 110
Committee of whole motion in order 123
Effect of on bills 114
Main qustion ordered motion in order to reconsider 71
Motion in order bat once on same subject matter 111
Motions when in order 112
REMONSTRANCES
Manner of presentation 168
REPORTS OF COMMITTEES
Committees may report by bill or otherwisek 169
Order of precedence of 53
ROLL CALL
Explanation of votes on 32
Debate none during 30
How dispensed with 133
Speaker may order when 15
RULES
Motion to suspend or change decided without debate 46
Suspended or changed how444546
RULES COMMITTEE
Constituted and elected how 4
Effect of failure to report 45
188
Rule No
Order of business fixed by during last fourteen days 54
Report of in order when 169
Special orders and motions to suspend rules duty to report on4245
SALARIES
Constitutional provision as to changing 162
SEATS
Drawing for regulated 200
SERGEANTATARMS
Call of House duty of 136
Messenger is exofficio I35
SIGNATURE OF SPEAKER AND CLERK
When required 132
SILENCE
Members to preserve when 19
SMOKING
Prohibited 24
SPEAKER
Absence of Speaker pro tern to preside 7
Adjournment members to remain until Speaker retires 26
Appeals from decision of 891011
Appeals from decision of to be made at once 10
Appeals from decision of no debate when 9
Appointment of committees by 4198
Appointment of chairman of Committee of Whole 117
Appointment of Conference Committee 187
Attendance power to compel I35
Business priority of decided without debate 16
Chairman Committee of Whole appointed by 117
Committees appointed by 4198
Committee of Whole may resolve House into when 115
Committee of Whole assumes chair when 122
Committee of Whole receiving chairmans report 129
Committee of Whole right to take part in 125
Courtesy of members to at adjournment 26
Doorkeeper Speaker may suspend 12
Galleries may be cleared by 13
Interrogation of members conducted through 21
Irrelevant debate power to suspend5 1
Members Speaker may name to preside 6
189
Rale No
Members courtesy due by at adjournment 26
Method of stating question by 9
Quorum duty of when no quorum voting1415
Recognition of members decided by
Recognition of members for unanimous consentr 43
Rules Committee Speaker exofficio member 198
Silence commanded by when
Suspension of officers
Vote Speaker required to when 2
SPEAKER PRO TEM
Absence of Speaker duty to preside
Election1
SPECIAL COMMITTEE
Priority of motion to commit in 90
SPECIAL LAWS
Notice required 193
Prohibited when
SUBJECTMATTER
Bills to contain but one and expressed in title 145
SUBSTITUTE
Q5
Amendment is
Bill perfected before substitute 96
Motion to table not in order 92
SUSPENSION OF RULES
How accomplished444546
TABLE MOTION TO
Amendment or substitute motion to table not in order 62
Amendment motion to table not subject to 98
Application of what can be laid on table 99
Committee of whole motion not in order H9
Debate motion to table not debatable 98
Effect when motion to table prevails 94
Effect when motion to take from table prevails 6365
Effect when motion to take from table prevails where measure tabled
after roll call 99
Executive department information called from tabled one day 190
Main question motion to table in order after motion for previous
question sustained
190
Rule No
Main question motion to table not in order after House has voted
that main question shall be now put 70
Motion to take from when in order 63
Previous question motion to table in order after call for sustained 70
Previous question motion to table not in order after main question
ordered
Renewal of motions to table and take from when 67
Roll call motion not in order until completion 66
TWOTHIRDS VOTE NECESSARY WHEN
Amendments to Constitution 160
Constitution Convention 16i
County Site changed or removed 159
Expulsion of members igg
Governors veto overridden156157158
Prolongation of session 156
UNANIMOUS CONSENTS
Limitation and regulation of 43
YEAS AND NAYS
Adjournment effect when hour of arrives during vote by 61
Amendments to Constitution 160
Changing votes after call of191
Committee of whole vote not taken by 119
Explanation of votes when vote taken by 32
Excuse from voting motion must be made before roll call begins 34
Journals to show when 140141142
Journal to show names not voting I74
Motion to table when in order when vote taken by 66
Required when 73140141142
Speaker may order when no quorum voting 15
191
CONSTITUTION
OF THE
STATE OF GEORGIA
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
LIST OF STATE CONSTITUTIONS 194
ARTICLE IBill of Rightsj 195198
ARTICLE IIElective Franchise 198201
ARTICLE IIILegislative Department 201210
ARTICLE IVPower of General Assembly over Taxation 211212
ARTICLE VExecutive Department 212216
ARTICLE VIJudiciary216226
ARTICLE VIIFinance Taxation and Public Debt 226234
ARTICLE VIIIEducation 234236
ARTICLE IXHomestead and Exemption 236238
ARTICLE XMilitia 238
ARTICLE XICounties and County Officers 238241
ARTICLE XIIThe Laws of General Operation in Force in this
State 241242
ARTICLE XIIIAmendments to the Constitution 242243
ORDINANCES 244246
Tabulation of Amendments Proposed 247252
Chronological Analysis 253
CHRONOLOGICAL LIST OF ORGANIC ACTS AND STATE CONSTITUTIONS OF GEORGIA
Charter of the Colony of Georgia 1732
Grant of George II King of Great Britain
Constitution of 1777
Constitutional Convention Oct 1 1776Feb 5 1777
Constitution of 1789
Constitutional Convention Nov 424 1788 Jan 420 1789 May 46 1789 May 16 1795
Constitution of 1798
Constitutional Convention May 830 1798
Constitution of 1861
Constitutional Convention Jan 16March 23 1861
Constitution of 1865
Constitutional Convention Oct 25Nov 8 1865
Constitution of 1868
Constitutional Convention Dec 9 1867March 11 1868
Constitution of 1877
Constitutional Convention July 11 1877August 25 1877
CONSTITUTION
OF THE
STATE OF GEORGIA
1877 as amended
PREAMBLE
To perpetuate the principles of free government insure justice to all preserve peace promote the interest and happiness of the citizen and transmit to posterity the enjoyment of liberty we the people of Georgia relying upon the protection and guidance of Almighty God do ordain and establish this Constitution
ARTICLE I
Bill of Rights Section I
Paragraph I All government of right originates with the people is founded upon their will only and is instituted solely for the good of the whole Public officers are the trustees and servants of the people and at all times amenable to them
Par II Protection to person and property is the paramount duty of government and shall be impartial and complete
Par III No person shall be deprived of life libertyi or property except by due process of law
Par IV No person shall be deprived of the right to prosecute or defend his own cause in any of the courts of this State in person by attorney or both
Par V Every person charged with an offence against the laws of this State shall have the privilege and benefit of counsel shall be furnished on demand with a copy of the accusation and a list of the witnesses on whose testimony the charge against him is founded shall have compulsory process to obtain the testimony of his own witnesses shall be confronted with the witnesses testifying against him and shall have a public and speedy trial by an impartial jury
Par VI No person shall be compelled to give testimony tending in any manner to criminate himself
195
Art 1 Sec 1 Par 7
Par VII Neither banishment beyond the limits of the State nor whipping as a punishment for crime shall be allowed
Par VIII No person shall be put in jeopardy of life or liberty more than once for the same offence save on his or her own motion for a new trial after conviction or in case of mistrial
Par IX Excessive bail shall not be required nor excessive fines imposed nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted nor shall any person be abused in being arrested while under arrest or in prison
Par X No person shall be compelled to pay costs except after conviction on final trial
Par XI The writ of habeas corpus shall not be suspended
Par XII All men have the natural and inalienable right to worship God each according to the dictates of his own conscience and no human authority should in any case control or interfere with such right of conscience
Par XIII No inhabitant of this State shall be molested in person or property or prohibited from holding any public office or trust on account of his religious opinions but the right of liberty of conscience shall not be so construed as to excuse acts of licentiousness or justify practices inconsistent with the peace and safety of the State
Par XIV No money shall ever be taken from the public treasury directly or indirectly in aid of any church sect or denomination of religionists or of any sectarian institution
Par XV No law shall ever be passed to curtail or restrain the liberty of speech or of the press any person may speak write and publish his sentiments on all subjects being responsible for the abuse of that liberty
Par XVI The right of the people to be secure in their persons houses papers and effects against unreasonable searches and seizures shall not be violated and no warrant shall issue except upon probable cause supported by oath or affirmation particularly describing the place or places to be searched and the persons or things to be seized
Par XVII There shall be within the State of Georgia neither slavery nor involuntary servitude save as a punishment for crime after conviction thereof
Par XVIII The social status of the citizen shall never be the subject of legislation
Par XIX The civil authority shall be superior to the military and no soldier shall in time of peace be quartered in any house without the consent of the owner nor in time of war except by the civil magistrate in such manner as may be provided by law
Par XX The power of the courts to punish for contempts shall be limited by legislative acts
Par XXI There shall be no imprisonment for debt
Par XXII The right of the people to keep and bear arms shall not be infringed but the General Assembly shall have power to prescribe the manner in which arms may be borne
196
Art 1 Sec 1 Par 23
Par XXIII The legislative judicial and executive powers shall forever remain separate and distinct and no person discharging the duties of one shall at the same time exercise the functions of either of the others except as herein provided
Par XXIV The people have the right to assemble peaceably for their common good and to apply to those vested with the powers of government for redress of grievances by petition or remonstrance
Par XXV All citizens of the United States resident in this State are hereby declared citizens of this State and it shall be the duty of the General Assembly to enact such laws as will protect them in the full enjoyment of the rights privileges and immunities due to such citizenship
Section II
Paragraph I In all prosecutions or indictments for libel the truth may be given in evidence and the jury in all criminal cases shall be the judges of the law and the facts The power of the judged to grant new trials in case of conviction is preserved
Par II Treason against the State of Georgia shall consist in levying war against her adhering to her enemies giving them aid and comfort No person shall be convicted of treason except on the testimony of two witnesses to the same overt act or confession in open court
Par III No conviction shall work corruption of blood or forfeiture of estate
Par IV All lotteries and the sale of lottery tickets are hereby prohibited and this prohibition shall be enforced by penal laws
Par V Lobbying is declared to be a crime and the General Assembly shall enforce this provision by suitable penalties
Par VI The General Assembly shall have the power to provide for the punishment of fraud and shall provide by law for reaching property of the debtor concealed from the creditor
Section III
Paragraph I In cases of necessity private ways may be granted upon just compensation being first paid by the applicant Private property shall not be taken or damaged for public purposes without just and adequate compensation being first paid
Par II No bill of attainder ex post jaclo law retroactive law or law impairing the obligation of contracts or making irrevocable grants of special privileges or immunities shall be passed
Par III No grant of special privileges or immunities shall be revoked except in such manner as to work no injustice to the corporators or creditors of the incorporation
197
Art 1 Sec 4 Par 1
Section IV
Paragraph I Laws of a general nature shall have uniform operation throughout the State and no special law shall be enacted in any case for which provision has been made by an existing general law No general law affecting private rights shall be varied in any particular case by special legislation except with the free consent in writing of all persons to be affected thereby and no person under legal disability to contract is capable of such consent
Par II Legislative acts in violation of this Constitution or the Constitution of the United States are void and the judiciary shall so declare them
Section V
Paragraph I The people of this State have the inherent sole and exclusive right of regulating their internal government and the police thereof and of altering and abolishing their Constitution whenever it may be necessary to their safety and happiness
Par II The enumeration of rights herein contained as a part of this Constitution shall not be construed to deny to the people any inherent rights which they may have hitherto enjoyed
ARTICLE Jg Elective Franchise Section I
Paragraph I After the year 1908 elections by the people shall be by ballot and only those persons shall be allowed to vote who have been first registered in accordance with the requirements of law
Par II Every male citizen of this State who is a citizen of the United States twentyone years old or upwards not laboring under any of the disabilities named in this Article and possessing the qualifications provided by it shall be an elector and entitled to register and vote at any election by the people Provided that no soldier sailor or marine in the military or naval services of the United States shall acquire the rights of an elector by reason of being stationed on duty in this State
Par III To entitle a person to register and vote at any election by the people he shall have resided in the State one year next preceding the election and in the County in which he offers to vote six months next preceding the election and shall have paid all poll taxes that he may have had an opportunity of paying agreeably to law Such payment must have been made at least six months prior to the election at which he offers to vote except when such elections are held within six months from the expiration of the time fixed by law for the payment of such taxes
198
Art 2 Sec 1 Par 4
Par IV Every male citizen of this State shall be entitled to register as an elector and to vote in all elections in said State who is not disqualified under the provisions of Section 2 of Article 2 of this Constitution and who possess the qualifications prescribed in paragraphs 2 and 3 of this Section or who will possess them at the date of the election occurring next after his registration and who in addition thereto comes within either of the classes provided for in the five following subdivisions of this paragraph
1 All persons who have honorably served in the land or naval forces of the United States in the Revolutionary War or in the War of 1812 or in the War with Mexico or in any War with the Indians or in the War between the States or in the War with Spain or who honorably served in the land or naval forces of the Confederate States or of the State of Georgia in the War between the States or
2 All persons lawfully descended from those embraced in the classes enumerated in the subdivision next above or
3 All persons who are of good character and understand the duties and obligations of citizenship under a republican form of government or
4 All persons who can correctly read in the English language any paragraph of the Constitution of the United States or of this State and correctly write the same in the English language when read to them by any one of the registrars and all persons who solely because of physical disability are unable to comply with the above requirements but who can understand and give a reasonable interpretation of any paragraph of the Constitution of the United States or of this State that may be read to them by any one of the registrars or
5 Any person who is the owner in good faith in his own right of at least forty acres of land situated in this State upon which he resides or is the owner in good faith in his own right of property situated in this State and assessed for taxation at the value of 50000
Par V The right to register under subdivisions 1 and 2 of paragraph 4 shall continue only until January 1st 1915 But the registrars shall prepare a roster of all persons who register under subdivisions 1 and 2 of paragraph 4 and shall return the same to the clerks office of the superior court of their counties and the clerks of the superior court shall send copies of the same to the Secretary of State and it shall be the duty of these officers to record and permanently preserve these rosters Any person who has been once registered under either of the subdivisions 1 or 2 of paragraph 4 shall thereafter be permitted to vote Provided he meets the requirements of paragraphs 2 and 3 of this Section
Par VI Any person to whom the right of registration is denied by the registrars upon the ground that he lacks the qualifications set forth in the five subdivisions of paragraph 4 shall have the right to take an appeal and any citizen may enter an appeal from the decision of the registrars allowing any person to register under said subdivisions All appeals
199

Art 2 Sec 1 Par 6
must be filed in writing with the registrars within ten days from the date of the decision complained of and shall be returned by the registrars to the office of the clerk of the superior court to be tried as other appeals
Par VII Pending an appeal and until the final decision of the case the judgment of the registrars shall remain in full force
Par VIII No person shall be allowed to participate in a primary of any political party or a convention of any political party in this State who is not a qualified voter
Par IX The machinery provided by law for the registration of force October 1st 1908 shall be used to carry out the provisions of this Section except where inconsistent with same the legislature may change or amend the registration laws from time to time but no such change or amendment shall operate to defeat any of the provisions of this section
Section II
Paragraph I The General Assembly may provide from time to time for the registration of all electors but the following classes of persons shall not be permitted to register vote or hold any office or appointment of honor or trust in this State towit 1st Those who shall have been convicted in any court of competent jurisdiction of treason against the State of embezzlement of public funds malfeasance in office bribery or larceny or of any crime involving moral turpitude punishable by the laws of this State with imprisonment in the penitentiary unless such persons have been pardoned 2d idiots and insane persons
Section III
Paragraph I Electors shall in all cases except for treason felony larceny and breach of the peace be privileged from arrest during their a tendance on elections and in going to and returning from the same
Section IV
Paragraph I No person who is the holder of any public money contrary to law shall be eligible to any office in this State until the same is accounted for and paid into the treasury
Par II No person who after the adoption of this Constitution being a resident of this State shall have been convicted of fighting a duel in this State or convicted of sending or accepting a challenge or convicted of aiding or abetting such duel shall hold office in this State unless he shall have been pardoned and every such person shall also be subject to such punishment as may be prescribed by law
Section V
Paragraph I The General Assembly shall by law forbid the sale distribution or furnishing of intoxicating drinks within two miles of elec
200
Art 2 Sec 5 Par 1
tion precincts on days of electionState county or municipaland prescribe punishment for any violation of the same
Section VI
Paragraph I Returns of elections for all civil officers elected by the people who are to be commissioned by the Governor and also for the members of the General Assembly shall be made to the Secretary of State unless otherwise provided by law
ARTICLE III
Legislative Department Section I
Paragraph I The legislative power of the State shall be vested in a General Assembly which shall consist of a Senate and a House of Representatives
Section II
Paragraph I The Senate shall consist of fiftyone members There shall be fiftyone Senatorial Districts as now arranged by counties Each District shall have one Senator
The First Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Chatham Bryan and Effingham
The Second Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Liberty Tattnall McIntoshand Long
The Third Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Wayne Appling Jeff Davis and Brantley
The Fourth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties o Glynn Camden and Charlton
The Fifth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Atkinson Ware and Clinch
The Sixth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Echols Lowndes Berrien Lanier and Cook
The Seventh Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Brooks Thomas and Grady
The Eighth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Decatur Mitchell Miller and Seminole
The Ninth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Early Calhoun and Baker
The Tenth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Dougherty Lee and Worth
The Eleventh Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Clay Randolph and Terrell
The Twelfth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Stewart Webster and Quitman
201
Art 3 Sec 2 Par 1
The Thirteenth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Sumter Schley and Macon
The Fourteenth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Dooly Pulaski and Bleckley
The Fifteenth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Wheeler Montgomery and Toombs
The Sixteenth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Laurens Emanuel Johnson and Treutlen
The Seventeenth Senatorial District shal be composed of the counties of Screven Jenkins and Burke
The Eighteenth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Richmond Glascock and Jefferson
The Nineteenth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Taliaferro Greene and Warren
The Twentieth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Baldwin Hancock and Washington
The Twentyfirst Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Twiggs Wilkinson and Jones
The Twentysecond Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Bibb Monroe Pike and Lamar
The twentythird Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Houston Crawford Taylor and Peach
The Twentyfourth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Muscogee Marion and Chattahoochee
The Twentyfifth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Harris Upson and Talbot
The Twentysixth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Spalding Butts and Fayette
The Twentyrseventh Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Barrow Walton and Oconee
The Twentyeighth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Jasper Putnam and Morgan
The Twentyninth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Columbia Lincoln and McDuffie
The Thirtieth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Elbert Madison and Hart
The Thirtyfirst Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Habersham Franklin and Stephens
The Thirtysecond Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of White Dawson and Lumpkin
The Thirtythird Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Hall Banks and Jackson
The Thirtyfourth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of DeKalb Rockdale and Newton
The Thirtyfifth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Fulton Clayton and Henry
202
Art 3 Sec 2 Par 1
The Thirtysixth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Campbell Coweta and Meriwether
The Thirtyseventh Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Carroll Heard and Troup
The Thirtyeighth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Haralson Polk and Paulding
The Thirtyninth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Cherokee Cobb and Douglas
The Fortieth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Union Towns and Rabun
The Fortyfirst Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Pickens Fannin and Gilmer
The Fortysecond Seriatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Bartow Floyd and Chattooga
The Fortythird Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Murray Gordon and Whitfield
The Fortyfourth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Walker Dade and Catoosa
The Fortyfifth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Irwin Ben Hill and Telfair
The Fortysixth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Bacon Pierce and Coffee
The Fortyseventh Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Colquitt Tift and Turner
The Fortyeighth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Crisp Wilcox and Dodge
The Fortyninth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Bujiloch Candler and Evans
The Fiftieth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Clarke Oglethorpe and Wilkes
The Fiftyfirst Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Gwinnett Milton and Forsyth
Par II The General Assembly may change these districts after each census of the United States Provided that neither the number of districts nor the number of Senators from each district shall be increased
Section III
Paragraph I The House of Representatives shall consist of Representatives apportioned among the several counties of the State as such counties are marked and defined and as the same may be hereafter created as follows To the eight counties having the largest population three Representatives each to the thirty counties having the next largest population two Representatives each and the remaining counties one Representative each including the new counties of Lanier Seminole Brantley Long and Lamar In the event of the ratification of this amendment to
203
Art 3 Sec 3 Par 1
the Constitution and in the event of the ratification of the amendments to the Constitution creating the counties of Lanier Seminole and Brantley or either of them the said counties so created shall also be entitled to representation in the General Assembly In the event of a ratification of the amendments creating the counties of Lanier Seminole and Brantley or either of them an election shall be held in such county or counties on the first Tuesday in January 1921 under the laws now governing similar elections for members of the General Assembly for the election of a member of the General Assembly from said county or counties for the session of 1921 and 1922
Par II Omitted Par I above repeals by implication
Section IV
Paragraph I The members of the General Assembly shall be elected for two years and shall serve until the time fixed by law for the convening of the next General Assembly The provisions of this paragraph section and article shall apply to the terms of the members of the General Assembly who were elected at the general election for members of the General Assembly in the year 1912
Par II The first election for members of the General Assembly under this Constitution shall take place on the first Wednesday in December 1877 the second election for the same shall be held on the first Wednesday in October 1880 and subsequent elections biennially on that day until the day of election is changed by law
Par III The General Assembly shall meet on the second Monday in January 1933 and biennially thereafter on the same date until the day shall be changed by law Such session shall continue no longer than ten 10 days and the only business which shall be transacted thereat shall be the election of officers of the General Assembly and the organization of same the inauguration of the Governorelect and other state house officers whose terms of office run concurrently with that of the Governor the election or appointment of committees of each house the election of the Governor and other state house officers in the event of no election by the people as under the present provisions of this Constitution the decision of contested elections for Governor and other officers as under present provisions of the Constitution and the introduction and first reading of bills and resolutions the impeachment of public officers and trial thereof Provided that if at the end of ten 10 days an election or contest or actual trial of impeachment is pending the session may be prolonged until all such officers shall be elected so declared and finally inaugurated or installed in office
The General Assembly shall reconvene in regular session on the second Monday after the 4th of July 1933 and biennially thereafter on the same date until the date shall be changed by law No such regular session of the General Assembly shall continue longer than sixty 60 days
204
Art 3 Sec 4 Par 3
Provided that if an impeachment trial is pending at the end of sixty 60 days the session may be prolonged until completion of said trial Provided further that the General Assembly by concurrent resolution adopted by the votes of a majority of a quorum of House and Senate during said Special Session above provided for and approved by the Governor is hereby authorized to fix a date for reconvening in regular session prior to date above provided for in lieu of the date definitely fixed hereinabove
The terms of the present incumbents of the offices of Governor and those which are for the same as the Governor shall expire upon the inauguration of the Governor at the first biennial session held under the provisions hereof in January 1933
Par IV A majority of each house shall constitute a quorum to transact business but a smaller number may adjourn from day to day and compel the presence of its absent members as each house may provide
Par V Each senator and representative before taking his seat shall take the following oath or affirmation towit I will support the Constitution of this State and of the United States and on all questions and measures which may come before me I will so conduct myself as will in my judgment be most conducive to the interests and prosperity of this State
Par VI Repealed by amendment
Par VII No person holding a military commission or other appointment or office having any emolument or compensation annexed thereto under this State or the United States or either of them except justice of the peace and officers of the militia nor any defaulter for public money or for any legal taxes required of him shall have a seat in either house nor shall any senator or representative after his qualification as such be elected by the General Assembly or appointed by the Governor either with or without the advice and consent of the Senate to any office or appointment having any emolument annexed thereto during the time for which he shall have been elected
Par VIII The seat of a member of either House shall be vacated on his removal from the district or county from which he was elected
Section V
Paragraph I The senators shall be citizens of the United States who have attained the age of twentyfive years and who shall have been citizens of this State for four years and for one year residents of the district from which elected
Par II The presiding officer of the Senate shall be styled the President of the Senate and shall be elected viva voce from the senators
Par III The Senate shall have the sole power to try impeachments
205
Art 3 Sec 5 Par 4
Par IV When sitting for that purpose the members shall be on oath or affirmation and shall be presided over by the Chief Justice or the Presiding Justice of the Supreme Court Should the Chief Justice be disqualified the Senate shall select the judge of the Supreme Court to preside No person shall be convicted without the concurrence of twothirds of the members present
Par V Judgments in case of impeachment shall not extend further than removal from office and disqualification to hold and enjoy any office of honor trust or profit within this State but the party convicted shall nevertheless be liable and subject to indictment trial judgment and punishment according to law
Section VI
Paragraph I The representatives shall be citizens of the United States who have attained the age of twentyone years and who shall have been citizens ofthis State for two years and for one year residents of the counties from which elected
Par II The presiding officer of the House of Representatives shall be styled the Speaker of the House of Representatives and shall be elected viva voce from the body
Par III The House of Representatives shall have the sole power to impeach all persons who shall have been or may be in office
Section VII
Paragraph I Each House shall be the judge of the election returns and qualifications of its members and shall have power to punish them for disorderly behavior or misconduct by censure fine imprisonment or expulsion but no member shall be expelled except by a vote of twothirds of the House to which he belongs
Par II Each House may punish by imprisonment not extending beyond the session of any person not a member who shall be guilty of a contempt by any disorderly behavior in its presence or who shall rescue or attempt to rescue any person arrested by order of either House
Par III The members of both Houses shall be free from arrest during their attendance on the General Assembly and in going thereto or returning therefrom except for treason felony larceny or breach of the peace and no member shall be liable to answer in any other place for anything spoken in debate in either House
Par IV Each House shall keep a journal of its proceedings and publish it immediately after its adjournment
Par V The original journal shall be preserved after publication in the office of the Secretary of State but there shall be no other record thereof
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Art 3 Sec 7 Par 6
Par VI The yeas and nays on any question shall at the desire of onefifth of the members present be entered on the journal
Par VII Every bill before it shall pass shall be read three times and on three separate days in each House unless in cases of actual invasion or insurrection but the first and second reading of each local bill and bank and railroad charters shall consist of reading of the title only unW said bill is ordered to be engrossed
Par VIII No law or ordinance shall pass which refers to more than one subjectmatter or contains matter different from what is expressed in the title thereof
Par IX The general appropriation bill shall embrace nothing except appropriations fixed by previous laws the ordinary expenses of the executive legislative and judicial departments of the government payment of the public debt and interest thereon and the support of the public institutions and educational interests of the State All other appropriations shall be made by separate bills each embracing but one subject
Par X All bills for raising revenue or appropriating money shall originate in the House of Representatives but the Senate may propose or concur in amendments as in other bills
Par XI No money shall be drawn from the treasury except by appropriation made by law and a regular statement and account of the receipt and expenditure of all public money shall be published every three months and also with the laws passed by each session of the General Assembly
Par XII No bill or resolution appropriating money shall become a law unless upon its passage the yeas and nays in each House are recorded
Par XIII All acts shall be signed by the President of the Senate and the Speaker of the House of Representatives and no bill ordinance or resolution intended to have the effect of a law which shall have been rejected by either House shall be agin proposed during the same session under the same or any other title without the consent of twothirds of the House by which tHfe same was rejected
Par XIV No bill shall become a law unless it shall receive a majority of the votes of all the members elected to each House of the General Assembly and it shall in every instance so appear on the Journal
Par XV By an act approved September 2 t 1885 an amendment to the Constitution was submitted to vote of the people in October 1886 and adopted whereby the original of this paragraph was stricken from the Constitution
Par XVI No local or special bill shall be passed unless notice of the intention to apply therefor shall have been published in the locality where matter or things to be affected may be situated which notice shall be given at least thirty days prior to the introduction of such bill into
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the General Assembly and in the manner to be prescribed by law The evidence of such notice having been published shall be exhibited in the General Assembly before such acts shall be passed
Par XVII No law or section of the Code shall be amended or repealed by mere reference to its title or to the number of the section of the Code but the amending or repealing act shall distinctly describe the law to be amended or repealed as well as the alteration to be made
Par XVIII The General Assembly shall have no power to grant corporate powers and privileges to private companies to make or change election precincts nor to establish bridges or ferries nor to change names of legitimate children but it shall prescribe by law the manner in which such powers shall be exercised by the courts it may confer this authority to grant corporate powers and privileges to private companies to the Judges of the Superior Courts of this State in vacation All corporate powers and privileges to banking insurance railroad canal navigation express and telegraph companies shall be issued and granted by the Secretary of State in such manner as shall be prescribed by law and if in any event the Secretary of State should be disqualified to act in any case then in that event the legislature shall provide by general laws by what person such charters shall be granted
Par XIX The General Assembly shall have no power to relieve principals or securities upon forfeited recognizances from the payment thereof either before or after judgment thereon unless the principal in the recognizance shall have been apprehended and placed in the custody of the proper officer
Par XX The General Assembly shall not authorize the construction of any street passengerrailway within the limits of any incorporated town or city without the consent of the corporate authorities
Par XXI Whenever the Constitution requires a vote of twothirds of either or both Houses for the passing of an act or resolution the yeas and nays on the passage thereof shall be entered on the Journal
Par XXII The General Assembly shall have power to make all laws and ordinances consistent with this Constitution and not repugnant to the Constitution of the United States which they shall deem necessary and proper for the welfare of the State
Par XXIII No provision in this Constitution for a twothirds vote of both Houses of the General Assembly shall be construed to waive the necessity for the signature of the Governor as in any other case except in the case of the twothirds vote required to override the veto and in case of prolongation of a session of the General Assembly
Par XXIV Neither House shall adjourn for more than three days or to any other place without the consent of the other and in case of a disagreement between the two Houses on a question of adjournment the Governor may adjourn either or both of them
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Par XXV The General Assembly of the State shall have authority to grant to the governing authorities of the cities of Atlanta Savannah Macon Augusta Columbus LaGrange Brunswick Waycross Albany Athens Rome Darien Dublin Decatur Valdosta Newnan Thomaston and East Thomaston and cities having a population of 25000 or more inhabitants according to the United States census of 1920 or any future census authority to pass zoning and planning laws whereby such cities may be zoned or districted for various uses and other or different uses prohibited therein and regulating the use for which said zones or districts may be set apart and regulating the plans for development and improvement of real estate therein The General Asssembly is given general authority to authorize the cities of Atlanta Savannah Macon Augusta Columbus LaGrange Brunswick Waycross Albany Athens Rome Darien Dublin Decatur Valdosta Newnan Thomaston and East Thomaston and cities having a population of 25000 or more inhabitants according to the United States census of 1920 or any future census to pass zoning and planning laws
Section VIII
Paragraph I The officers of the two Houses other than the President and Speaker shall be a secretary of the Senate and clerk of the House of Representatives and such assistants as they may appoint but the clerical expenses of the Senate shall not exceed sixty dollars per day for each session nor those of the House of Representatives seventy dollars per day for each session The secretary of the Senate and clerk of the House of Representatives shall be required to give bond and security for the faithful discharge of their respective duties
Section IX
Paragraph I The perdiem of the members of the General Assembly shall not exceed seven dollars and mileage shall not exceed ten cents for each mile traveled by the nearest practicable route in going and returning from the Capital but the President of the Senate and the Speaker of the House of Representatives shall each receive not exceeding ten dollars per day
Section X
Paragraph I All electionsby the General Assembly shall be viva voce and the vote shall appear on the Journal of the House of Representatives when the Senate and House of Representatives unite for the purpose of elections they shall meet in the Representative Hall and the President of the Senate shall in such cases preside and declare the result
Art 3 Sec 11 Par 1
Section XI
Paragraph I All property of the wife at the time of her marriage and all property given to inherited or acquired by her shall remain her separate property and not be liable for the debts of her husband
Section XII
Paragraph I All life insurance companies now doing business in this State or which may desire to establish agencies and do business in the State of Georgia chartered by other States of the Union or foreign States shall show that they have deposited with the comptrollergeneral of the State in which they are chartered or of this State the insurance commissioners or such other officer as may be authorized to receive it not less than one hundred thousand dollars in such securities as may be deemed by such officer equivalent to cash subject to his order as a guarantee fund for the security of policyholders
Par II When such showing is made to the comptrollergeneral of the State of Georgia by a proper certificate from the State officials having charge of the funds so deposited the comptrollergeneral of the State of Georgia is authorized to issue to the company making such showing a license to do business in the State upon paying the fees required by law
Par III All life insurance companies chartered by the State of Georgia or which may hereafter be chartered by the State shall before doing business deposit with the comptrollergeneral of the State of Georgia or with some strong corporation which may be approved by said comptrollergeneral one hundred thousand dollars in such securities as may be deemed by him equivalent to cash to be subject to his order as a guarantee fund for the security of the policyholders of the company making such deposit all interests and dividends arising from such securities to be paid when due to the company so depositing Any such securities as may be needed or desired by the company may be taken from said department at any time by replacing them with other securities equally acceptable to the comptrollergeneral whose certificate for the same shall be furnished to the company
Par IV The General Assembly shall from time to time enact laws to compel all fire insurance companies doing business in this State whether chartered by this State or otherwise to deposit reasonable securities with the treasurer of this State to secure the people against loss by the operations of said companies
Par V The General Assembly shall compel all insurance companies in this State or doing business therein under proper penalties to make semiannual reports to the Governor and print the same at their own expense for the information and protection of the people
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ARTICLE IV
Power of the General Assembly Over Taxation Section I
Paragraph I The right of taxation is a sovereign right inalienable indestructible is the life of the State and rightfully belongs to the people in all republican governments and neither the General Assembly nor any nor all other departments of the government established by this Constitution shall ever have the authority to irrevocably give grant limit or restrain this right and all laws grants contracts and all other acts whatsoever by said government or any department thereof to effect any of these purposes shall be and are hereby declared to be null and void for every purpose whatsoever and said right of taxation shall always be under the complete control of and revocable by the State notwithstanding any gift grant or contract whatsoever by the General Assembly
Section II
Paragraph I The power and authority of regulating railroad freights and passenger tariffs preventing unjust discriminations and requiring reasonable and just rates of freight and passenger tariffs are hereby conferred upon the General Assembly whose duty it shall be to pass laws from time to time to regulate freight and passenger tariffs to prohibit unjust discriminations on the various railroads of this State and to prohibit said roads from charging other than just and reasonable rates and enforce the same by adequate penalties
Par II The exercise of the right of eminent domain shall never be abridged nor so construed as to prevent the General Assembly from taking the property and franchises of incorporated companies and subjecting them to public use the same as property of individuals and the exercise of the police power of the State shall never be abridged nor so construed as to permit corporations to conduct their business in such a manner as to infringe the equal rights of individuals or the general wellbeing of the State
Par III The General Assembly shall not remit the forfeiture of the charter of any corporation now existing nor alter or amend the same nor pass any other general or special law for the benefit of said corporation except upon the condition that such corporation shall thereafter hold its charter subject to the provisions of this Constitution and every amendment of any charter of any corporation in this State or any special law for its benefit accepted thereby shall operate as a novation of said charter and shall bring the same under the provisions of this Constitution Provided that this section shall not extend to any amendment for the purpose of allowing any existing road to take stock in or aid in the building of any branch road
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Par IV The General Assembly of this State shall have no power to authorize any corporation to buy shares or stock in any other corporation in this State or elsewhere or to make any contract or agreement whatever with any such corporation which may have the effect or be intended to have the effect to defeat or lessen competition in their respective business or to encourage monopoly and all such contracts and agreements shall be illegal and void
Par V No railroad company shall give or pay any rebate or bonus in the nature thereof directly or indirectly or do any act to mislead or deceive the public as to the real rates charged or received for freights or passage and any such payments shall be illegal and void and these prohibitions shall be enforced by suitable penalties
Par VI No provisions of this Article shall be deemed held or taken to impair the obligation of any contract heretofore made by the State of Georgia
Par VII The General Assembly shall enforce the provisions of this Article by appropriate legislation
ARTICLE V
Executive Department Section I
Paragraph I The officers of the Executive Department shall consist of a Governor Secretary of State ComptrollerGeneral and Treasurer
Par II The executive power shall be vested in a Governor who shall hold his office during the term of two years and until his successor shall be chosen and qualified He shall not be eligible to reelection after the expiration of a second term for the period of four years He shall have a salary of three thousand dollars per annum until otherwise provided by a law passed by a twothirds vote of both branches of the General Assembly which shall not be increased or diminished during the period for which he shall have been elected nor shall he receive within that time any other emolument from the United States or either of them or from any foreign power But this reduction of salary shall not apply to the present term of the present Governor
Par III The first election for Governor under this Constitution shall be held on the first Wednesday in October 1880 and the Governorelect shall be installed in office at the next session of the General Assembly An election shall take place biennially thereafter on said day until another date be fixed by the General Assembly Said election shall be held at the places of holding general elections in the several counties of this State in the manner prescribed for the election of members of the General Assembly and the electors shall be the same
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Par IV The returns for every election of Governor shall be sealed up by the managers separately from other returns and directed to the President of the Senate and Speaker of the House of Representatives and transmitted to the Secretary of State who shall without opening said returns cause the same to be laid before the Senate on the day after the two Houses shall have been organized and they shall be transmitted by the Senate to the House of Representatives
Par V The members of each branch of the General Assembly shall convene in the Representative Hall and the President of the Senate and Speaker of the House of Representatives shall open and publish the returns m the presence and under the direction of the General Assembly and the person having the majority of the whole number of votes shall be declared duly elected Governor of this State but if no person shall have such majority then from the two persons having the highest number of votes who shall be in life and shall not decline an election at the time appointed for the General Assembly to elect the General Assembly shall immediately elect a Governor viv voccj and in all cases of election of a Governor by the General Assembly a majority of the members present shall be necessary to a choice
Par VI Contested elections shall be determined by both Houses of the General Assembly in such manner as shall be prescribed by law
Par VII No person shall be eligible to the office of Governor who shall not have been a citizen of the United States fifteen years and a citizen of the State six years and who shall not have attained the age of thirty years
Par VIII In case of the death resignation or disability of the Governor the President of the Senate shall exercise the executive powers of the government until such disability be removed or a successor is elected and qualified And in case of the death resignation or disability of the President of the Senate the Speaker of the House of Representatives shall exercise the executive powers of the government until the removal of the disability or the election and qualification of a Governor
Par IX TheGeneral Assembly shall have power to provide by law for filling unexpired terms by special elections
Par X The Governor shall before he enters on the duties of his office take the following oath or affirmation I do solemnly swear or affirm as the case may be that I will faithfully execute the office of Governor of the State of Georgia and will to the best of my ability preserve protect and defend the Constitution thereof and the Constitution of the United States of America
Par XI The Governor shall be commanderinchief of the army and navy of this State and the militia thereof
Par XII He shall have power to grant reprieves and pardons to commute penalties remove disabilities imposed by law and to remit any part of a sentence for offences against the State after conviction except
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in case of treason and impeachment subject to such regulations as may be provided by law relative to the manner of applying for pardons Upon conviction for treason he may suspend the execution of the sentence and report the case to the General Assembly at the next meeting thereof when the General Assembly shall either pardon commute the sentence direct its execution or grant a further reprieve He shall at each session of the General Assembly communicate to that body each case of reprieve pardon or commutation granted stating the name of the convict the offense for which he was convicted the sentence and its date the date of the reprieve pardon or commutation and the reasons for granting the same He shall take care that the laws are faithfully executed and shall be a conservator of the peace throughout the State
Par XIII He shall issue writs of election to fill all vacancies that may happen in the Senate or House of Representatives and shall give the General Assembly from time to time information of the state of the Commonwealth and recommend to their consideration such measures as he may deem necessary or expedient He shall have power to convoke the General Assembly on extraordinary occasions but no law shall be enacted at call sessions of the General Assembly except such as shall relate to the object stated in his proclamation convening them
Par XIV When any office shall become vacant by death resignation or otherwise the Governor shall have power to fill such vacancy unless otherwise provided by law and persons so appointed shall continue in office until a successor is commissioned agreeably to the mode pointed out by this Constitution or by law in pursuance thereof
Par XV A person once rejected by the Senate shall not be reappointed by the Governor to the same office during the same session or the recess thereafter
Par XVI The Governor shall have the revision of all bills passed by the General Assembly before the same shall become laws but twothirds of each House may pass a law notwithstanding his dissent and if any bill shall not be returned by the Governor within five days Sundays excepted after it has been presented to him the same shall be a law unless the General Assembly by their adjournment shall prevent its return He may approve any appropriation and disapprove any other appropriation in the same bill and the latter shall not be effectual unless passed by twothirds of each House
Par XVII Every vote resolution or order to which the concurrence of both Houses may be necessary except on a question of election or adjournment shall be presented to the Governor and before it shall take effect be approved by him or being disapproved shall be repassed by twothirds of each House
Par XVIII He may require information in writing from the officers in the Executive Department on any subject relating to the duties of their respective offices It shall be the duty of the Governor quarterly and
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oftener if he deems it expedient to examine under oath the treasurer and comptrollergeneral of the State on all matters pertaining to their respective offices and to inspect and review their books and accounts The General Assembly shall have authority to provide by law for the suspension of either of said officers from the discharge of the duties of his office and also for the appointment of a suitable person to discharge the duties of the same
Par XIX The Governor shall have the power to appoint his own secretaries not exceeding two in number and to provide such other clerical force as may be required in his office for salaries and clerical force in his office shall not exceed the sum of ten thousand dollars 1000000 and this sum shall not be exceeded either directly or indirectly for any services rendered the Governor in the way of clerical assistance or in any other manner
Section II
Paragraph I The Secretary of State comptrollergeneral and treasurer shall be elected by persons qualified to vote for members of the General Assembly at the same time and in the same manner as the Governor The provisions of the Constitution as to the transmission of the returns of election counting the votes declaring the result deciding when there is no election and when there is a contested election applicable to the election of Governor shall apply to the election of Secretary of State comptrollergeneral and treasurer they shall be commissioned by the Governor and hold their offices for the same time as the Governor
Par II The General Assembly shall have power to prescribe the duties authority and salaries of the Secretary of State Comptrollergeneral and Treasurer and to provide help and expenses necessary for the operation of the department of each
Par Ill and IV stricken out
Acts 1927 p 121
Par V The treasurer shall not be allowed directly or indirectly to receive any fee interest or reward from any person bank or corporation for the deposit or use in any manner of the public funds and the General Assembly shall enforce this provision by suitable penalties
Par VI No person shall be eligible to the office of Secretary of State comptrollergeneral or treasurer unless he shall have been a citizen cf the United States for ten years and shall have resided in this State for six years next preceding his election and shall be twentyfive years of age when elected All of said officers shall give bond and security under regulations to be prescribed by law for the faithful discharge of their duties
Par VII The Secretary of State the comptrollergeneral and the treasurer shall not be allowed any fee perquisite or compensation other than their salaries as prescribed by law except their necessary expenses when absent from the seat of government on business for the State
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Art 5 Sec 3 Par 1
Section III
Paragraph I The great seal of the State shall be deposited in the office of the Secretary of State and shall not be affixed to any instrument of writing except by order of the Governor or General Assembly and that now in use shall be the great seal of the State until otherwise provided by law
ARTICLE VI
Judiciary Section I
Paragraph I The judicial powers of the State shall be vested in a Supreme Court a Court of Appeals superior courts courts of ordinary justices of the peace commissioned notaries public and such other courts as have been or may be established by law
Section II
Paragraph I The Supreme Court shall consist of a Chief Justice and five Associate Justices A majority of the court shall constitute a quorum
Par II When one or more of the judges are disqualified from deciding any case by interest or otherwise the Governor shall designate a judge or judges of the superior courts to preside in said case
Par III No judge of any court shall preside in any case where the validity of any bondFederal State corporation or municipalis involved who holds in his own right or as the representative of others any material interests in the class of bonds upon which the question to be decided arises
Par IV The Chief Justice and Associate Justices shall hold their offices for six years and until their successors are qualified A successor to the incumbent whose term will soonest expire shall be elected by the General Assembly in 1880 a successor to the incumbent whose term of office is next in duration shall be elected by the General Assembly in 1882 and a successor to the third incumbent shall be elected by the General Assembly in 1884 but appointments to fill vacancies shall only be for the unexpired term or until such vacancies are filled by elections agreeably to the mode pointed out by this Constitution
Par V The Supreme Court shall have no original jurisdiction but shall be a court alone for the trial and correction of errors of law from the superior courts and the City Courts of Atlanta and Savannah and such other like courts as have been or may hereafter be established in other cities in all cases that involve the construction of the Constitution of the State of Georgia or of the United States or of treaties between the United
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Art 6 Sec 2 Par 5
States and foreign governments in all cases in which the constitutionality of any law of the State of Georgia or of the United States is drawn in question and until otherwise provided by law in all cases respecting titles to land in all equity cases in all cases which involve the validity of or the construction of wills in all cases of conviction of a capital felony in all habeascorpus cases in all cases involving extraordinary remedies in all divorce and alimony cases and in all cases certified to it by the Court of Appeals for its determination It shall also be competent for the Supreme Court to require by ceitiorari or otherwise any case to be certified to the Supreme Court from the Court of Appeals for review and determination with the same power and authority as if the case had been carried by writ of error to the Supreme Court Any case carried to the Supreme Court or to the Court of Appeals which belongs to the class of which the other court has jurisdiction shall until otherwise provided by law be transferred to the other court under such rules as the Supreme Court may prescribe and the cases so transferred shall be heard and determined by the court which has jurisdiction thereof
Par VI The Supreme Court shall dispose of every case at the first or second term after such writ of error is brought and in case the plaintiff in error shall not be prepared at the first term to prosecute the caseunless prevented by providential causeit shall be stricken from the docket and the judgment below shall stand affirmed
Par VII In any case the court may in its discretion withhold its judgment until the next term after the same is argued
Par VIII The Supreme Court shall hereafter consist of a Chief Justice and five Associate Justices The court shall have power to hear and determine cases when sitting either in a body or in two divisions of three judges each under such regulations as may be prescribed by the General Assembly A majority of either division shall constitute a quorum for that division The Chief Justice and the Associate Justices of the Supreme Court shall hereafter be elected by the people at the same time and in the same manner as the Governor and the Statehouse officers are elected except that the first election under this amendment shall be held on the third Wednesday in December 1896 at which time one Associate Justice shall be elected for a full term of six years to fill the vacancy occurring on January 1st 1897 by the expiration of the term of one of the present incumbents and three additional Associate Justices shall be elected for terms expiring respectively January 1st 1899 January 1st 1901 and January 1st 1903 The persons elected as additional Associate Justices shall among themselves determine by lot which of the three last mentioned terms each shall have and they shall be commissioned accordingly After said first election all terms except unexpired terms shall be for six years each In cases of any vacancy which causes an unexpired term the same shall be filled by executive appointment and the person appointed by the Governor shall hold his office until the next regular election and until his successor for the balance of the unexpired term shall have been elected
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Art 6 Sec 2 Par 8
and qualified The returns of said special election shall be made to the Secretary of State
Par IX The Court of Appeals shall consist of the judges provided therefor by law at the time of the ratification of this amendment and of such additional judges as the General Assembly shall from time to time prescribe All terms of the judges of the Court of Appeals after the expiration of the terms of the judges provided for by law at the time of the ratification of the amendment except unexpired terms shall continue six years and until their successors are qualified The time and manner of electing judges and the mode of filling a vacancy which causes an unexpired term shall be the same as are or may be provided for by the laws relating to the election and appointment of Justices of the Supreme Court The Court of Appeals shall have jurisdiction for the trial and correction of errors of law from the superior courts and from the City Courts of Atlanta and Savannah and such other like courts as have been or may hereafter be established in other cities in all cases in which such jurisdiction has not been conferred by this Constitution upon the Supreme Court and in such other cases as may hereafter be prescribed by law except that where a case is pending in the Court of Appeals and the Court of Appeals desires instruction from the Supreme Court it may certify the same to the Supreme Court and thereupon a transcript of the record shall be transmitted to the Supreme Court which after having afforded to the parties an opportunity to be heard thereon shall instruct the Court of Appeals on the question so certified and the Court of Appeals shall be bound by the instructions so given But if by reason of equal division of opinion among the Justices of the Supreme Court no such instruction is given the Court of Appeals may decide the question The manner of certifying questions to the Supreme Court by the Court of Appeals and the subsequent proceedings in regard to the same in the Supreme Court shall be as the Supreme Court shall by its rules prescribe until otherwise provided by law No affirmance of the judgment of the court below in cases pending in the Court of Appeals shall result from delay in disposing of questions or cases certified from the Court of Appeals to the Supreme Court or as to which such certificate has been required by the Supreme Court as hereinbefore provided All writs of error in the Supreme Court or the Court of Appeals when received by its clerk during a term of the court and before the docket of the term is by order of the court closed shall be entered thereon when received at any other time shall be entered on the docket of the next term and they shall stand for hearing at the term for which they are so entered under such rules as the court may prescribe until otherwise provided by law The Court of Appeals shall appoint a clerk and a sheriff of the court The reporter of the Supreme Court shall be the reporter of the Court of Appeals until otherwise provided by law The laws relating to the Supreme Court as to qualifications and salaries of judges the designation of other judges to preside when members of the court are disqualified the powers duties salaries fees and terms of officers the mode of carrying
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Art 6 Sec 2 Par 9
cases to the court the powers practice procedure times of sitting and costs of the court the publication of reports of cases decided therein and in all other respects except as otherwise provided in this Constitution or by the laws as to the Court of Appeals at the time of the ratification of this amendment and until otherwise provided by law shall apply to the Court of Appeals so far as they can be made to apply The decisions of the Supreme Court shall bind the Court of Appeals as precedents
Section III
ParagraphI There shall be a judge of the superior courts for each judicial circuit whose term of office shall be four years and until his successor is qualified He may act in other circuits when authorized by law The legislature shall have authority to add one or more additional judges of the superior court for any judicial circuit in this State and shall have authority to regulate the manner in which the judges of such circuits shall dispose of the business thereof and shall fix the time at which the term or terms of office of such additional judge or judges shall begin and the manner of his appointment or election and shall have authority from time to time to add to the number of such judges in any judicial circuit or to reduce the number of judges in any judicial circuit Provided that at all times there shall be at least one judge in every judicial circuit of this State
Par II The successors to the present and subsquent incumbents shall be elected by the electors entitled to vote for members of the General Assembly of the whole State at the general election held for such members next preceding the expiration of their respective terms Provided that the successors for all incumbents whose terms expire on or before the first day of January 1899 shall be elected by the General Assembly at its session for 1898 for the full term of four years
Par III The terms of the judges to be elected under the Constitution except to fill vacancies shall begin on the first day of January after their election Every vacancy occasioned by death resignation or other causes shall be filled by appointments of the Governor until the first day of January after the general election held next after the expiration of thirty days from the time such vacancy occurs at which election a successor for the unexpired term shall be elected
Section IV
Paragraph I The superior court shall have exclusive jurisdiction in cases of divorce in criminal cases where the offender is subjected to loss of life or confinement in the penitentiary in cases respecting titles to land and equity cases
Par II The General Assembly may confer upon the courts of common law all the powers heretofore exercised by courts of equity in this State
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Art 6 Sec 4 Par 3
Par III Said courts shall have jurisdiction in all civil cases except as hereinafter provided
Par IV They shall have appellate jurisdiction in all such cases as may be provided by law
Par V They shall have power to correct errors in inferior judicatories by writ of certiorari which shall only issue on the sanction of the judge and said courts and the judges thereof shall have power to issue writs of mandamus prohibition scire facias and all other writs that may be necessary for carrying their powers fully into effect and shall have such other powers as are or may be conferred on them by law
Par VI The General Assembly may provide for an appeal from one jury in the superior and city courts to another and the said courts may grant new trials on legal grounds
Par VII The court shall render judgment without the verdict of a jury in all civil cases founded on unconditional contracts in writing where an issuable defense is not filed under oath or affirmation
Par VIII The superior courts shall sit in each county not less than twice in each year at such times as have been or may be appointed by law
Par IX The General Assembly may provide by law for the appointment of some proper person to preside in cases where the presiding judge is from any cause disqualified
Section V
Paragraph I In any county within which there is or hereafter may be a city court the judge of said court and of the superior court may preside in the courts of each other in cases where the judge of either court isPdis qualified to preside
Section VI
Paragraph I The powers of a court of ordinary and of probate shall be vested in an ordinary for each county from whose decision there may be an appeal or by consent of parties without a decision to the superior court under regulations prescribed by law
Par II The courts of ordinary shall have such powers in relation to roads bridges ferries public buildings paupers county officers county funds county taxes and other county matters as may be conferred on them by law
Par III The ordinary shall hold his office for the term of four years and until his successor is elected and qualified
Section VII
Paragraph I There shall be in each militia district one justice of the peace whose official term except when elected to fill an unexpired
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Art 6 Sec 7 Par 1
term shall be four years provided however that the General Assembly may in its discretion abolish justice courts and the office of justice of the peace and of notarypublic exofficio justice of the peace in any city of this State having a population of over twenty thousand and establish in lieu thereof such court or courts or system of courts as the General Assembly may in its discretion deem necessary conferring upon such new couit or courts or system of courts when so established the jurisdiction as to subjectmatter now exercised by justice courts and by justices of the peace and notaries public exofficio justices of the peace together with such additional jurisdiction either as to amount or subjectmatter as may be provided by law whereof some other court has not exclusive jurisdiction under this Constitution together with such provision as to rules and procedure in such courts and as to new trials and the correction of errors in and by said courts and with such further provision for the correction of errors by the Superior Court or Court of Appeals or the Supreme Court as the General Assembly may from time to time in its discretion provide or authorize Any court so established shall not be subject to the rules of uniformity laid down in Paragraph 1 of Section 9 of Article 6 of the Constitution of Georgia And provided however that the General Assembly in its discretion may abolish justice courts and the office of justice of the peace and notary public exofficio justice of the peace in any county in this State having within its borders a city having population of over twenty thousand and establish in lieu thereof such court or courts or system of courts as the General Assembly may in its discretion deem necessary or conferring upon existing courts by extension of their jurisdiction the jurisdiction as to subjectmatter now exercised by justice courts and by justices of the peace and notaries public exofficio justices of the peace together with such additional jurisdiction either as to amount or to subjectmatter as may be provided by law whereof some other court has not exclusive jurisdiction under this Constitution together also with such provisions as to rules and procedure in such courts and as to new trials and the correction of errors in and by said courts and with such further provision forthe correction of errors by the Superior Court or the Court of Appeals or the Supreme Court as the General Assembly may from time to time in its discretion provide or authorize The Municipal Court of Atlanta shall have jurisdiction in Fulton County and outside the city limits of Atlanta either concurrently with or supplemental to or in lieu of justice courts as may be now or hereafter provided by law Any court so established shall not be subject to the rules of uniformity laid down in Paragraph 1 of Section 9 of Article 6 of the Constitution of Georgia
Par II Justices of the peace shall have jurisdiction in all civil cases arising ex contractu and in cases of injuries or damages to personal property when the principal sum does not exceed one hundred dollars and shall sit monthly at fixed times and places but in all cases there may be an appeal to a jury in said court or an appeal to the superior court under such regulations as may be prescribed by law
221
Art 6 Sec 7 Par 3
Par III Justices of the peace shall be elected by the legal voters in their respective districts and shall be commissioned by the Governor They shall be removable on conviction for malpractice in office
Section VIII
Paragraph I Commissioned notaries public not to exceed one for each militia district may be appointed by the judges of superior courts in their respective circuits upon recommendation of the grand juries of the several counties They shall be commissioned by the Governor for the term of four years and shall be exofficio justices of the peace and shall be removable on conviction for malpractice in office
Section IX
Paragraph I The jurisdiction powers proceedings and practice of all courts or officers invested with judicial powers except city courts of the same grade or class so far as regulated by law and the force and effect of the process judgment and decree by such courts severally shall be uniform This uniformity must be established by the General Assembly
Section X
Paragraph I There shall be an attorneygeneral of this State who be elected by the people at the same time for the same term and in the same manner as the Governor
Par II It shall be the duty of the attorneygeneral to act as the legal adviser of the executive department to represent the State in the Supreme Court in all capital felonies and in all civil and criminal cases in any court when required by the Governor and to perform such other services as shall be required of him by law
Section XI
Paragraph I There shall be a solicitorgeneral for each judicial circuit whose official term except to fill a vacancy shall be four years The successors of present and subsequent incumbents shall be elected by the electors of the whole State qualified to vote for members of the General Assembly at the general election held next preceding the expiration of their respective terms Every vacancy occasioned by death resignation or other causes shall be filled by appointment of the Governor until the first day of January after the general election held next after the expiration of thirty days from the time such vacancy occurs at which election a successor for the unexpired term shall be elected Provided that the successors for all incumbents whose terms expire on or before
222
Art 6 Sec 11 Par 1
the first day of January 1899 shall be elected by the General Assembly at its session for 1898 for the full term of four years
Par II It shall be the duty of the solicitorgeneral to represent the State in all cases in the superior courts of his circuit and in all cases taken up from his circuit to the Supreme Court and to perform such other services as shall be required of him by law
Section XIII
Paragraph I The Justices of the Supreme Court each shall have out of the treasury of the State salaries of 7000 per annum the Judges of the Court of Appeals each shall have out of the treasury of the State salaries of 7000 per annum the Judges of the superior courts each shall have out of the treasury of the State salaries of 5000 per annum the attorneygeneral shall have a salary not to exceed two thousand dollars per annum and the solicitorsgeneral each shall have salaries not to exceed two hundred and fifty dollars per annum but the attorneygeneral shall not have any fee or perquisite in any case arising after the adoption of this Constitution Provided that the County of Chatham shall from its treasury pay to the judge of the Superior Court of the Eastern Circuit 500000 per annum said payments are hereby declared to be a part of the court expenses of said county and shall be made to the judge now in office as well as his successors Provided further that the Board of County Commissioners of Fulton County or such other board or person as may from time to time exercise the administrative powers of Fulton County shall have power and authority to pay the judges of the superior court of Fulton County such sums in addition to the salaries paid by the State as said administrative authority or authorities may deem advisable and the amounts so paid are declared to be a part of the court expenses of said county
Provided further that the Board of County Commissioners of the counties of Clark Floyd Sumter Bibb or such other Board or persons as may from time to time exercise the administrative powers of said several counties may supplement from their respective countys treasuries the salaries of the judges of the circuits of which they are a part by such sum as may be necessary with salaries paid each of said judges from the State Treasury to make a salary of 6000 each per annum of such judges and such payments are declared to be a part of the court expenses of said counties and such payments shall be made to the judges now in office as well as to their successors Provided further that the County of Fulton may supplement the salary of the judge of the Stone Mountain Circuit or the judges of such other circuits as may be hereafter required to regularly preside therein for additional services rendered in the Superior Court of said county such sums as will with the salary paid such judge from the State Treasury make a salary of 6000 per annum said payments are declared
Section XII superseded by other sections
Art 6 Sec 13 Par 1
to be a part of the court expenses of Fulton County such payments to be made to the judge now in office as well as to his successors The provisions of this amendment shall take effect and the salaries herein provided for shall begin from the ratification of this amendment and shall apply to the incumbents in the several offices as well as their successors and provided further that the Board of County Commissioners of the county of Richmond or such other Board or persons as may from time to time exercise the administrative powers of said county shall supplement from said countys treasury the salary of the judge of the Superior Court of the circuit of which the said County of Richmond is a part by such sum as may be necessary with salaries paid such judge from the State Treasury to make a salary for said judge of 7000 per annum and such payments are declared to be a part of the court expenses of said county and such payments shall be made to the judge now in office as well as to his successors The provisions of this amendment shah take effect and the salaries herein provided for shall begin from the ratification of this amendment and shall apply to the incumbents in office as well as his successors Provided that the County of Muscogee from and after January 1 1927 shall pay from its treasury to the Superior Court judges of the circuit of which it is a part such sums as will with the salary paid each judge from the State Treasury make a salary of eight thousand dollars per annum to each judge and said payments are declared to be a part of the court expenses of such county
The Act of the General Assembly of 1904 entitled An Act to regulate the salaries of judges of the Superior Courts of all Judicial Circuits of this State having or that may hereafter have therein a city with a population of not less than 54000 nor more than 75000 inhabitants and for other purposes with the Acts of the General Assembly of 1905 and 1906 amendatory thereof and also the Act of the General Assembly of 1906 entitled An Act to Regulate the Compensation of Judges of the Superior Courts for services rendered outside of their own Circuits in those Judicial Circuits of the State having therein a city of not less than 75000 inhabitants according to the Census of 1900 and for other purposes which Acts provide for the payment from the treasuries of the counties containing said cities to the judges aforesaid of a part of their salaries are ratified validated and confirmed as to the dates of said respective enactments
Par II The General Assembly may at any time by a twothirds vote of each branch prescribe other and different salaries for any or all of the above officers but no such change shall affect the officers then in commission Provided however that the General Assembly shall have power at any time by a majority vote of each branch to abolish the fees at present accruing to the office of solicitorgeneral in any particular circuit and in lieu thereof to prescribe a salary for such office in addition to the salary prescribed in paragraph 1 of this section of this article and without regard to the uniformity of such salaries in the various circuits and shall have the further power to determine what disposition shall be made
224
Art 6 Sec 13 Par 2
of the fines forfeitures and fees accruing to the office of solicitorgeneral in any such judicial circuit where the fees are abolished
Section XIV
Paragraph I No person shall be judge of the Supreme or superior courts or attorneygeneral unless at the time of his election he shall have attained the age of thirty years and shall have been a citizen of the State for three years and have practiced law for seven years and no person shall be hereafter elected solicitorgeneral unless at the time of his election he shall have attained twentyfive years of age shall have been a citizen of the State for three years and shall have practiced law for three years next preceding his election
Section XV
Paragraph I No total divorce shall be granted except on the concurrent verdicts of two juries at different terms of the court
Par II When a divorce is granted the jury rendering the final verdict shall determine the rights and disabilities of the parties
Section XVI
Paragraph I Divorce cases shall be brought in the county where the defendant resides if a resident of this State if the defendant be not a resident of this State then in the county in which the plaintiff resides
Par II Cases respecting titles to land shall be tried in the county where the land lies except where a single tract is divided by a county line in which case the superior court in either county shall have jurisdiction
Par III Equity cases shall be tried in the county where a defendant resides against whom substantial relief is prayed
Par IV Suits against joint obligors joint promissors copartners or joint trespassers residing in different counties may be tried in either county
Par V Suits against the maker and indorser of promissory notes or drawer acceptor and endorser of foreign or inland bills of exchange or like instruments residing in different counties shall be brought in the county where the maker or acceptor resides
Par VI All other civil cases shall be tried in the county where the defendant resides and all criminal cases shall be tried in the county where the crime was committed except cases in the superior courts where the judge is satisfied that an impartial jury cannot be obtained in such county
225
Art 6 Sec 17 Par 1
Section XVII
Paragraph I The power to change the venue in civil and criminal cases shall be vested in the superior courts do be exercised in such manner as has been or shall be provided by law
Section XVIII
Paragraph I The right of trial by jury except where it is otherwise provided in this Constitution shall remain inviolate but the General Assembly may prescribe any number not less than five to constitute a trial or traverse jury in courts other than the superior and city courts
Par II The General Assembly shall provide by law for the selection of the most experienced intelligent and upright men to serve as grand jurors and intelligent and upright men to serve as traverse jurors Nevertheless the grand jurors shall be competent to serve as traverse jurors
Par III It shall be the duty of the General Assembly by general laws to prescribe the manner of fixing compensation of jurors in all counties in this State
Section XIX
Paragiaph I The General Assembly shall have power to provide for the creation of county commissioners in such counties as may require them and to define their duties
Section XX
Paragraph I All courts not specially mentioned by name in the first section of this article may be abolished in any county at the discretion of the General Assembly
Section XXI
Paragraph I The costs in the Supreme Court shall not exceed ten dollars until otherwise provided by law Plaintiffs in error shall not be required to pay costs in said court when the usual pauper oath is filed in the court below
ARTICLE VII
Finance Taxation and Public Debt Section I
Paragraph I The powers of taxation over the whole State shall be exercised by the General Assembly for the following purposes only
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Art 7 Sec 1 Par 1
For the support of the State government and the public institutions
For educational purposes in instructing children in the elementary branches of an English education only
To pay the interest on the public debt
To pay the principal of the public debt
To suppress insurrection to repel invasion and defend the State in time of war
To supply the soldiers who lost a limb or limbs in the military service of the Confederate States with substantial artificial limbs during life and make suitable provisions for such Confederate soldiers as may have been otherwise disabled or permanently injured in such service or who may by reason of age and poverty or infirmity and poverty or blindness and poverty be unable to provide a living for themselves and for the widows of such Confederate soldiers as may have died in the service of the Confederate States or since from wounds received therein or disease contracted in the service or who by reason of age and poverty or infirmity and poverty or blindness and poverty are unable to provide a living for themselvesProvided that the Act shall only apply to such widows as were married at the time of such service and have remained unmarried since the death of such soldier husband
To make provisions for the payment of pensions to any exConfederate soldier residing in this State January 1 1920 who enlisted in the military service of the Confederate States during the Civil War between the States of the United States and who performed actual military services in the armies of the Confederate States or of the organized militia of this State and was honorably discharged therefrom and to widows now residents of this State of exConfederate soldiers who enlisted in the military service of the Confederate States and who performed actual service in the armies of the Confederate States or of the organized militia of this State who died in said military service or were honorably discharged therefrom who were married prior to January 1 1881 No widow of a soldier killed during the war shall be deprived of her pension by reason of having subsequently married another veteran who is dead unless she is receiving a pension on account of being the widow of such second husband Any soldier doing service in the Confederate army whether he belonged to the Confederate army or whether he belonged to the militia of any Confederate State and served with the Confederate army shall be eligible to draw a pension
To construct and maintain a system of State highways
Par II The levy of taxes on property for any one year by the General Assembly for all purposes except to provide for repelling invasion suppressing insurrection or defending the State in time of war shall not exceed five mills on each dollar of the value of the property taxable in the State
227
Art 7 Sec 2 Par 1
Section II
Paragraph I All taxation shall be uniform upon the same class of subjects and ad valorem on all prope ty subject to be taxed within the territorial limits of the authority levying the tax and shall be levied and collected under general laws The General Assembly may however impose a tax upon such domestic animals as from their nature and habits are destructive of other property
Par II The General Assembly may by law exempt from taxation all public property places of religious worship or burial all institutions of purely public charity all buildings erected for and used as a college incorporated academy or other seminary of learning and also all funds or property held or used as endowment by such colleges incorporated academies or seminaries of learning piovided the same is not invested in real estate and provided further that said exemption shall only apply to such colleges incorporated academies or other seminaries oflearmngasare open to the general public provided further that all endowments to institutions established for white people shall be limited to white people and all endowments to institutions established for colored people shall be limited to colored people the real and personal estate of any public library and that of any other literary association used by or connected with such library all books and philosophical apparatus and all paintings and statutory of any company or association kept in a public hall and not held as merchandise or for purposes of sale or gain provided the property so exempted be not used for purposes of private or corporate profit or income The General Assembly shall further have power to exempt from taxation farm products including baled cotton grown in this State and remaining in the hands of the producers but not longer than foi the year next after their production
Par IIA Any peison natural or artificial a resident of this State who may after January 1st 1924 build equip establish or enlarge a plant for the manufacture or processing of cotton wool linen silk rubber clay wood metallic or nonmetallic mineral or combination of same creamery or cheese plant or for the production or development of electricity may as to such building enlargement or equipment be exempt from all county incorporated town or city ad valorem taxes for a period of time not exceeding five 5 years from the date of the beginning of the building enlargement or equipment of such plants The legislature is herewith empowered to make provisions for the operation of this paragraph by appropriate legislation provided such exemptions shall be approved by a majority of the electors voting in such county incorporated town or city proposing said exemption
Par III No polltax shall be levied except for educational purposes and such tax shall not exceed one dollar annually upon each poll
Par IV All laws exempting property from taxation other than the property herein enumerated shall be void
228
Art 7 Sec 2 Par 5
Par V The power to tax corporations and corporate property shall not be surrendered or suspended by any contract or grant to which the State shall be a party
Par VI All persons or classes of persons who were by laws of force January 1st 1911 required to make returns for taxation to the Comptrollergeneral and all who may hereafter be so required shall on or before the first day of March of each year make such returns as of date of January 1st of that year and shall pay the taxes arising on such returns in favor of the State on or before the first of September of the same year anything heretofore contained in the Constitution or laws of Georgia to the contrary notwithstanding The laws of force on said date governing such returns and payments and the collection and enforcement thereof shall remain of force as applicable to the returns and payments herein required until the same shall be changed by law The General Assembly shall have power to make or alter all laws that may be necessary or proper for enforcing the provisions of this paragraph
Section III
Paragraph I No debt shall be contracted by or on behalf of the State except to supply such temporary deficit as may exist in the treasury in any year from necessary delay in collecting the taxes of that year to repel invasion suppress insurrection and defend the State in time of war or to pay the existing public debt but the debt created to supply deficiencies in revenue shall not exceed in the aggregate five hundred thousand dollars and any loan made for this purpose shall be repaid out of the taxes levied for the year in which the loan was made However said debt may be increased in the sum of 3500000 for the payment of the publicschool teachers of the State only The principal amount borrowed for payment of teachers to be repaid each year out of the common school appropriation and the interest paid thereon to be paid each year out of the general funds of the State
Section IV
Paragraph I All laws authorizing the borrowing of money by or on behalf of the State shall specify the purpose for which the money is to be used and the money so obtained shall be used for the purpose specified and for no other
Section V
Paragraph I The credit of the State shall not be pledged or loaned to any individual company corporation or association and the State shall not become a joint owner or stockholder in any company association or corporation
229
Art 7 Sec 6 Par 1
Section VI
Paragraph I The General Assembly shall not authorize any county municipal corporation or political division of this State to become a stockholder in any company corporation or association or to appropriate money for or to loan its credit to any corporation company association institution or individual except for purely charitable purposes This restriction shall not operate to prevent the support of schools by municipal corporations within their respective limits Provided that if any municipal corporation shall offer to the State any prperty for locating or building a capitol and the State accepts such offer the corporation may comply with such offer
Par II The General Assembly shall not have power to delegate to any county the right to levy a tax for any purpose except for educational purposes to build and repair the public buildings and bridges to maintain and support prisoners to pay jurors and coroners and for litigation quarantine roads and expenses of courts to support paupers and pay debts heretofore existing to pay the county police and to provide for necessary sanitation and for the collection and preservation of records of birth death disease and health
Furthermore in any county in this State which has wholly or partly within its boundaries a city of not less than 200000 population the county authorities thereof are hereby authorized to levy a tax not exceeding one mill for educational purposes on all the taxable property throughout the entire county including territory embraced in independent school systems the same to be appropriated to the use of the county board of education and toeducational work directed by them
Section VII
Paragraph I The debt hereafter incurred by any county municipal corporation or political division of this State except as in this Constitution provided for shall not exceed seven per centum of the assessed value of all the taxable property therein and no such county municipality or division shall incur any new debt except for temporary loan or loans to supply casual deficiencies of revenue not to exceed onefifth of one per centum of the annual value of taxable property therein without the assent of twothirds of the qualified voters thereof voting at an election for that purpose to be held as may be prescribed by law provided said twothirds so voting shall be a majority of the registered voters and provided further that all laws charter provisions and ordinances heretofore passed or enacted providing special registration of the voters of counties municipal corporations and other political divisions of this State to pass upon the issuance of bonds by such counties municipal corporations and other political divisions are hereby declared to be null and void and the General Assembly shall hereafter have no power to pass or enact any law providing
2S0
Art 7 Sec 7 Par 1
for such special registration but the validity of any and all bond issues by such counties municipal corporations or other political divisions made prior to January 1st 1918 shall not be affected hereby but any city the debt of which does not exceed seven per centum of the assessed value of the taxable property at the time of the adoption of this Constitution may be authorized by law to increase at any time the amount of said debt three per centum upon such assessed valuation
Nineteen amendments cited on pp 60 and 61 of this compilation of local application and therefore here omitted
Par II Any county municipal corporation or political division of this State which shall incur any bonded indebtedness under the provisions of this Constitution shall at or before the time of so doing provide for the assessment and collection of an annual tax sufficient in amount to pay the principal and interest of said debt within thirty years from the date of the incurring of said indebtedness
Section VIII
Paragraph 1 The State shall not assume the debt nor any part thereof of any county municipal corporation or political subdivision of the State unless such debt be contracted to enable the State to repel invasion suppress insurrection or defend itself in time of war provided however that all indebtedness of the several counties of this State as well as that of the Coastal Highway District and the assessments made against the counties of said district heretofore incurred for the construction andor paving of the public roads or highways including bridges of the State as contemplated and defined by Article Six Section One of the Act approved Aug 18 1919 as said section appears on page 252 of the Georgia Laws of 1919 which were a part of the State Aid roads of the Highway System of Georgia and said work was done under the supervision of the Highway Department is hereby assumed by the State of Georgia as an indebtedness of the State The word indebtedness as used herein shall include the actual cost of the construction andor paving by any county of the State as well as any highway district created by law of any public road or highway also bridges expended under the supervision of the State Highway Department And provided further that the indebtedness of the aforesaid political subdivisions of this State shall be evidenced by certificates of indebtedness issued or to be issued by the State Highway Department of Georgia for the cost of the construction andor paving by any county of the State as well as any highway district created by law of any public road or highway also bridges and provided further that such construction andor paving was done or contract or agreement made for same to be done prior to Sept 1 1931 And provided further that said indebtedness as evidenced by said certificates of indebtedness of the Highway Department shall be paid without interest thereon solely out of the revenues andor taxes levied assessed and allocated to the State Highway
231
Art 7 Sec 8 Par 1
Department of Georgiaor to any department which by law may be made the successor of the Highway Department for the public roads and highways of the State Aid system of roads and highways and such payment to be made at the rate of not less than ten per cent per annum of the total of such outstanding indebtedness and such payment to begin March 25 1936 and to continue annually thereafter until all of such outstanding indebtedness shall have been paid The General Assembly of the State of Georgia is hereby vested with authority to enact laws for the purpose of effectually carrying out the foregoing provisions and the provisions of existing laws with reference to the preferential construction by the Highway Department of highways from county site to county site
Section IX
Paragraph I The receiving directly or indirectly by any officer of the State or county or member or officer of the General Assembly of any interest profits or perquisites arising from the use or loan of public funds in his hands or monies to be raised through his agency for State or coqnty purposes shall be deemed a felony and punishable as may be prescribed by law a part of which punishment shall be a disqualification from holding office
Section X
Paragraph I Municipal corporations shall not incur any debt until provision therefor shall have been made by the municipal government
Reserving to the municipal corporations the benefit of all provisions of the Constitution of force in this State the General Assembly is hereby empowered to authorize any municipal corporation within this State having a population of one hundred and fifty thousand or more according to the census of the United States government taken next preceding the approval of any act passed in pursuance hereof to incur a bonded debt or debts for the public purposes of such municipality the said debt or debts to be incurred for such sums and to be secured after such manner and to be paid principal and interest at such times and such places and by such means and upon such terms as the General Assembly may prescribe
Providing however that no act conferring the powers aforesaid or any of them shall become operative until the same shall have been affirmed at a general eh ction held for the election of mayor and general council in such municipality by twothirds of the qualified voters thereof who may vote a said election Such twothirds to constitute at least a majority of the qualified voters of said municipality
Section XI
Paragraph I The General Assembly shall have no authority to appropriate money directly or indrectly to pay the whole or any part of
232
Art 7 Sec 11 Par 1

the principal or interest of the bonds or other obligations which have been pronounced illegal null and void by the General Assembly and the constitutional amendments ratified by a vote of the people on the first day of May 1877 nor shall the General Assembly have authority to pay any of the obligations created by the State under laws passed during the late war between the States nor any of the bonds notes or obligations made and entered into during the existence of said war the time for the payment of which was fixed after the ratification of a treaty of peace between the United States and the Confederate States nor shall the General Assembly pass any law or the Governor or other State official enter into any contract or agreement whereby the State shall be made a party to any suit in any court of this State or of the United States instituted to test the validity of any such bonds or obligations
Section XII
Paragraph I The bonded debt of the State shall never be increased except to repel invasion suppress insurrection or defend the State in time of war
Section XIII
Paragraph I The proceeds of the sale of the Western and Atlantic Macon and Brunswick or other railroads held by the State and any other property owned by the State whenever the General Assembly may authorize the sale of the whole or any part thereof shall be applied to the payment of the bonded debt of the S ate and shall not be used for any other purpose whatever so long as the State has any existing bonded debt Provided that the proceeds of the sale of the Western and Atlantic Railroad shall be applied to the payment of the bonds for which said railroad has been mortgaged in preference to all other bonds
Paragraph I The General Assembly shall raise by taxation each year in addition to the sum required to pay the public expenses and interest on the public debt the sum of one hundred thousand dollars which shall be held as a sinking fund to pay off and retire the bonds of the State which have not yet matured and shall be applied to no other purpose whatever If thebonds cannot at any time be purchased at or below par then the sinking fund herein provided for may be loaned by the Governor and treasurer of the State Provided the security which shall be demanded for said loan shall consist only of the valid bonds of the State but this section shall not take effect until the eight per cent currency bonds issued under the Act of February the 19th 1873 shall have been paid
233
Art 7 Sec 15 Par 1
Section XV
Paragraph I The comptrollergeneral and treasurer shall each make to the Governor a quarterly report of the financial condition of the State which report shall include a statement of the assets liabilities and income of the State and expenditures therefor for the three months preceding and it shall be the duty of the Governor to carefully examine the same by himself or through competent persons connected with his department and cause an abstract thereof to be published for the information of the people which abstract shall be indorsed by him as having been examined
Section XVI
Paragraph I The General Assembly shall not by vote resolution or order grant any donation or gratuity in favor of any person corporation or association
Par II The General Assembly shall not grant or authorize extra compensation to any public officer agent or contractor after the service has been rendered or the contract entered into
Section XVII
Paragraph I The office of the State printer shall cease with the expiration of the term of the present incumbent and the General Assembly shall provide by law for letting the public printing to the lowest responsible bidder or bidders who shall give adequate and satisfactory security for the faithful performance thereof No member of the General Assembly or other public officer shall be interested either directly or indirectly in any such contract
ARTICLE VIII
Education Section I
Paragraph I There shall be a thorough system of common schools for the education of the children as nearly uniform as practicable the expense of which shall be provided for by taxation or otherwise The schools shall be free to all children of the State but separate schools shall be provided for the white and colored races
Section II
Paragraph I There shall be a State school commissioner elected by the people at the same time and manner as the Governor and Statehouse officers are elected whose term of office shall be two years and until
234
Art 8 Sec 2 Par 1
his successor is elected and qualified His office shall be at the seat of government and he shall be paid a salary not to exceed two thousand dollars per annum The General Assembly may substitute for the State school commissioner such officer or officers as may be deemed necessary to perfect the system of public education
Section III
Paragraph I The poll tax any educational fund now belonging to the State except the endowment of and debt due to the University of Georgia a special tax on shows and exhibitions and on the sale of spirituous and malt liquors which the General Assembly is hereby authorized to assess and the proceeds of any commutation tax for military service and all taxes that may be assessed on such domestic animals as from their nature and habits are destructive to other property are hereby set apart and devoted for the support of common schools
Section IV
Paragraph I Authority is granted to counties and to municipal corporations upon the recommendation of the corporate authority to establish and maintain public schools in their respective limits by local taxation The proper county authorities whose duty it is to levy taxes for county purposes in this State shall on the recommendation of the board of education assess and collect taxes for the support of the public schools under its control not less than one nor more than five mills on the dollar of all taxable property of the county outside of independent local systems which shall be distributed equitably according to the school population tax values the number of teachers and their grade of license among the public schools therein An additional levy to that already allowed not to exceed five mills shall be permissible in independent local systems municipalities or school districts on a twothirds vote of those voting No additional election shall be required to maintain any local school tax now in existence in districts counties or municipalities provided this shall not apply to counties having a local school system of taxation adopted prior to the Constitution of 1877
Amendment affecting Pierce County only omitted A1929 139
Provided however county boards of education independent school systems and local school districts may contract with each other for the education transportation and care of children of school age Provided also that authority is hereby given to two or more local school districts any one or more of which may have incurred a bonded indebtedness to consolidate upon the condition that such bonded indebtedness outstanding shall be assumed by the entire district as consolidated provided however before such consolidation shall become effective the same shall be approved by the vote of twothirds of the qualified voters of each district
235
Art 8 Sec 4 Par 1
affected at separate elections held for that purpose on the recommendations of the respective boards of trustees under the same terms and conditions as to advertisement as bond elections by school districts the tickets for said elections to have written or printed thereon For Consolidation with Bonded District or Against Consolidation with Bonded District and in the event said elections result in favor of said consolidation the result shall be so declared by the Boards of Trustees of said districts and thereafter the indebtedness outstanding against any one or more of said districts shall be a valid outstanding indebtedness of the district as consolidated and taxes for the payment of said indebtedness shall be levied accordingly
Section V
Paragraph I Existing local school systems shall not be affected by this Constitution Nothing contained in first section of this article shall be construed to deprive schools in this State not common schools from participation in the educational fund of the State as to all pupils therein taught in the eletnentary branches of an English education
Section VI
Paragraph I The trustees of the University of Georgia may accept bequests donations and grants of land or other property for the use of said University In addition to the payment of the annual interest on the debt due by the State to the University the General Assembly shall from time to time make such appropriations to the University and high schools as the condition of the treasury authorize
ARTICLE IX
Homestead and Exemption Section I
Paragraph I There shall be exempt from levy and sale by virtue of any process whatever under the laws of this State except as hereinafter excepted of the property of every head of a family or guardian or trustee of a family of minor children or every aged or infirm person or person having the care and support of dependent females of any age who is not the head of a family realty or personalty or both to the value in the aggregate of sixteen hundred dollars
Section II
Paragraph I No court or ministerial officer in this State shall ever have jurisdiction or authority to enforce any judgment execution or decree against the property set apart for such purpose including such im
236
Art 9 Sec 2 Par 1
provements as may be made thereon from time to time except for taxes for the purchasemoney of the same for labor done thereon for material furnished therefor or for the removal of incumbrances thereon
Section III
Paragraph I The debtor shall have power to waive or renounce in writing his right to the benefit of the exemption provided for in this Article except as to wearing apparel and not exceeding three hundred dollars worth of household and kitchen furniture and provisions to be se lected by himself and his wife if any r and he shall not after it is set apart alienate or encumber the property so exempted but it may be sold by the debtor and his wife if any jointly with the sanction of the judge of the superior court of the county where the debtor resides or the land is situated the proceeds to be reinvested upon the same uses
Section IV
Paragraph I The General Assembly shall provide by law as early as practicable for the setting apart and valuation of said property But nothing in this Article shall be construed to affect or repeal the existing laws for exemption of property from sale contained in the present Code of this State in paragraphs 2040 to 2049 inclusive and the Acts amendatory thereto It may be optional with the applicant to take either but not both of such exemptions
Section V
Paragraph I The debtor shall have authority to waive or renounce in writing his right to the benefit of the exemption provided for in section four except as it is excepted in section three of this article
Section VI
Paragraph I The applicant shall at any time have the right to supplement his exemption by adding to an amount already set apart which is less than the whole amount of exemption herein allowed a sufficiency to make his exemption equal to the whole amount
Section VII
Paragraph I Homestead and exemptions of personal property which have been heretofore set apart by virtue of the provisions of the existing Constitution of this State and in accordance with the laws for the enforcement thereof or which may be hereafter so set apart at any time shall be and remain valid as against all debts and liabilities existing at the time of the adoption of this Constitution to the same extent that they would have been had said existing Constitution not been revised
237
Art 9 Sec 8 Par 1
Section VIII
Paragraph I Rights which have become vested under previously existing laws shall not be affected by anything herein contained In all cases in which homesteads have been set apart under the Constitution of 1868 and the laws made in pursuance thereof and a bona fide sale of such property has been subsequently made and the full purchaseprice thereof has been paid all right of exemption in such property by reason of its having been so set apart shall cease in so far as it affects the right of the purchaser In all such cases where a part only of the purchaseprice has been paid such transactions shall be governed by the laws now of force in this State in so far as they affect the rights of the purchaser as though said property had not been set apart
Section IX
Paragraph I Parties who have taken a homestead of realty under the Constitution of eighteen hundred and sixtyeight shall have the right to sell said homestead and reinvest the same by order of the judge of the superior courts of this State
ARTICLE X
Militia Section I
Paragraph I A well regulated militia being essential to the peace and security of the State the General Assembly shall have authority to provide by law how the militia of this State shall be organized officered trained armed and equipped and of whom it shall consist
Par II The General Assembly shall have power to authorize the formation of volunteer companies and to provide for their organization into battalions regiments brigades divisions and corps with such restrictions as may be prescribed by law and shall have authority to arm and equip the same
Par III The officers and men of the militia and volunteer forces shall not be entitled to receive any pay rations or emoluments when not in active service by authority of the State
ARTICLE XI
Counties and County Officers Section I
Paragraph I Each county shall be a body corporate with such powers and limitations as may be prescribed by law All suits by or against a county shall be in the name thereof and the metes and bounds of the
238
Art 11 Sec 1 Par 1
several counties shall remain as now prescribed by law unless changed as hereinafter provided
The Commissioners of Roads and Revenues of Fulton County shall have authority to establish and administer sewerage water andor fire prevention systems to establish and maintain parks and to levy taxes or assessments on property therefor
Par II There shall not be more than one hundred and fortyfive counties in this State Text of amendments creating sixteen new counties omitted Creating Acts cited on p 62 of this compilation Number of counties now 159 by consolidation of Fulton Milton and Campbell counties
Par II A The General Assembly shall have the power to consolidate and combine all governmental functions and powers now vested in and exercised by cities and municipalities having a population of more than 52900 according to the Federal Census of 1920 with the governmental functions and powers now vested in and exercised by the authorities of the county in which such cities or municipalities are situated to create designate and give a name to political subdivisions composed of the entire area of such counties to vest in and confer upon such subdivisions such authority and power as may be conferred upon municipalities or counties or both under existing laws to abolish any and all offices now existing under the charters of any such municipalities and also to abolish the offices of tax collectors and tax receivers in any such counties to create new offices for purpose of exercising and carrying out the powers to be vested m such political subdivisions and powers and duties formerly appertaining to such offices so abolished add the powers and duties formerly exercised by such counties and such municipalities all without regard to the uniformity of the powers duties and compensation appertaining to the offices so created in other municipalities other counties or other political subdivisons hereby authorized to divide such political subdivisions into districts to fix a maximum rate of ad valorem taxation to be levied by authority of such political subdivisions within the various districts without regard to the uniformity of the rate also to consolidate and combine any and all school systems and school districts now existing in any such cities or municipalities and counties into one system covering the entire area of the counties to be governed and controlled under the provisions of the Act creating the political subdivisions hereby authorized regardless of the method of control of schools or school systems in other counties or municipalities
The powers herein granted shall not be extended to cities municipalities or towns and cities and towns and municipalities the corporate limits of which are included within more than one county nor shall said powers herein granted be extended to the counties in which said cities or towns or municipalities and cities and towns and municipalities are located
239
Art 11 Sec 1 Par 2A
The General Assembly in exercising the powers herein conferred may include in the Act or law any one or more of the powers or provisions herein enumerated and may exclude therefrom any one or more of the powers or provisions enumerated
This provision of the Constitution shall not be construed to empower the General Assembly to create new counties nor to affect or change the representatives of any county in the General Assembly nor shall it be construed to authorize the General Assembly to abolish the offices of clerk of the Superior Court ordinary sheriff or coroner in any of the counties affected by this Act said office being expressly hereby preserved
The General Assembly shall not change or abolish any county nor the name thereof which may be affected hereby and in naming the consolidated subdivisions in each case the names of the municipality or municipalities and of the county shall be combined so as to preserve them
The General Assembly shall create such political subdivisions by special act or law relating to a particular subdivision but no such act or law shall have any force or effect until the same shall have been ratified by a vote of a majority of the qualified voters voting at a special election in such county to be held not earlier than sixty days after the final passage and approval by the Governor of any such act provided however that the people within the corporate limits of municipalities affected and the people of the county affected outside of the corporate limits shall vote separately and before the Act shall go in effect a majority of those voting in the municipalities separately If more than one municipality is affected a majority of those voting outside of said municipality or municipalities shall vote in favor of said Act
Par III County lines shall not be changed unless under the operation of a general law for that purpose
Par IV No county site shall be changed or renewed except by a twothirds vote of the qualified voters of the county voting at an election held for that purpose and a twothirds vote of the General Assembly
Par V Any county may be dissolved and merged with contiguous counties by a twothirds vote of the qualified electors of such county voting at an election held for that purpose
Par VI The governing authorities of the Countyof Glynn and of the County of McIntosh shall have authority to establish and administer within the bounds of their respective counties districts for special sanitation fire prevention police protection or building and improving roads and to carry out the purposes of such establishment they shall have authority to levy taxes upon the taxable property in said respective districts to issue bonds of such districts upon a vote of the qualified voters of such districts and under the rules of law governing the issuance of county bonds and to levy assessments against and collect service charges from the property abutting upon or served by the utilities established or provided pursuant hereto Provided that districts in McIntosh County may issue bonds net exceeding 14 of the value of the taxable property therein
240
Art 11 Sec 2 Par 1
Section II
Paragraph I The county officers shall be elected by the qualified voters of their respective counties or districts and shall hold their office for four years They shall be removed on conviction for malpractice in office and no person shall be eligible to any of the offices referred to in this paragraph unless he shall have been a resident of the county for two years and is a qualified voter Provided that the provision of this proposed amendment shall not become effective until January 1st 1917
Section III
Paragraph I Whatever tribunal or officers may hereafter be created by the General Assembly for the transaction of county matters shall be uniform throughout the State and of the same name jurisdiction and remedies except that the General Assembly may provide for the appointment cf commissioners of Roads and Revenues in any county and may abolish the office of County Treasurer in any county or fix the compensation of County Treasurer and such compensation may be fixed without regard to uniformity of such compensation in the various counties And the General Assembly shall also have authority to consolidate the offices and duties of Tax Receiver and Tax Collector in any or all of the counties of the State the official performing the duties of said two offices when so consolidated to be known as County Tax Commissioner and the General Assembly may prescribe the compensation of such County Tax Commissioner or authorize county authorities to fix the same which compensation may be on the basis of fees or salary and may be fixed without regard to uniformity in the various counties and when such compensation is fixed on a salary basis the authority fixing the same shall determine what disposition shall be made of the fees and commissions accruing to each of said offices so consolidated and to provide for the levy and collection of a tax sufficient to pay the salary so fixed
Section IV
Paragraph I The City of Atlanta shall be the Capital of the State until changed by the same authority and the same way that is provided for the alteration of this Constitution
ARTICLE XII
The Laws of General Operation in Force in This State Section I
Paragraph I The laws of general operation in this State areFirst as the supreme law The Constitution of the United States the laws
241
Art 12 Sec 1 Par 1
of the United States in pursuance thereof and all treaties made under the authority of the United States
Par II Second as next in authority thereto this Constitution
Par III Third in subordination to the foregoing All laws now in force in this State not inconsistent with this Constitution and the ordinances of this Convention shall remain of force until the same are modified or repealed by the General Assembly The tax acts and appropriation acts passed by the General Assembly of 1877 nd approved by the Governor of the State and not inconsistent with the Constitution are hereby continued in force until altered by law
Par IV Local and private acts passed for the benefit of counties cities towns corporations and private persons not inconsistent with the supreme law nor with this Constitution and which have not expired nor been repealed shall have the force of statute law subject to judicial decision as to their validity when passed and to any limitations imposed by their own terms
Par V All rights privileges and immunities which may have vested in or accrued to any person or persons or corporations in his her or their own right or in any fiduciary capacity under and in virtue of any act of the General Assembly or any judgment decree or order or other proceeding of any court of competent jurisdiction in this State heretofore rendered shall be held inviolate by all courts before which they may be brought in question unless attacked for fraud
Par VI All judgments decrees orders and other proceedings of the several courts of this State heretofore made within the limits of their several jurisdictions are hereby ratified and affirmed subject only to reversal by motion for a new trial appeal bill of review or other proceeding in conformity with the law of force when they were made
Par VII The officers of the government now existing shall continue in the exercise of their several functions until their successors are duly elected or appointed and qualified but nothing herein is to apply to any officer whose office may be abolished by this Constitution
Par VIII The ordinances of this Convention shall have the force of laws until otherwise provided by the General Assembly except the ordinances in reference to submitting the homestead and Capital question to a vote of the people which ordinances after being voted on ball have the effect of constitutional provisions
ARTICLE XIII
Amendments to the Constitution Section I
Paragraph I Any amendment or amendments to this Constitution may be proposed in the Senate or House of Representatives and if the
242
Art 13 Sec 1 Par 1
same shall be agreed to by twothirds of the members elected to each of the two houses such proposed amendment or amendments shall be entered on their journals with the yeas and nays taken thereon And the General Assembly shall cause such amendment or amendments to be published in one or more newspapers in each Congressional district for two months previous to the time of holding the next general election and shall also provide for a submission of such proposed amendment or amendments to the people at said next gene al election and if the people shall ratify such amendment or amendments by a majority of the electors qualified to vote for members of the General Assembly voting thereon such amendment or amendments shall become a part of this Constitution When more than one amendment is submitted at the same time they shall be so submitted as to enable the electors to vote on each amendment separately
Par II No convention of the people shall be called by the General Assembly to revise amend or change this Constitution unless by the concurrence of twothirds of all the members of each house of the General Assembly The representation in said convention shall be based on population as near as practicable
Section II
Paragraph I The Constitution shall be submitted for ratification or rejection to the electors of the State at an election to be held on the first Wednesday in December one thousand eight hundred and seventyseven in the several election districts of this State at which election every person shall be entitled to vote who is entitled to vote for the members of the General Assembly under the constitution and laws of force at the date of such election said election to be held and conducted as is now provided by law for holding elections for members of the General Assembly All persons voting at said election in favor of adopting the Constitution shall write or have printed on their ballots the words For Ratification and all persons opposed to the adoption of this Constitution shall write or have printed on their ballots the words Against Ratification
Par II The votes cast at said election shall be consolidated in each of the counties of the State as is now required by law in elections for members of the General Assembly and returns thereof made to the Governor and should a majority of all the votes cast at said election be in favor of ratification he shall declare the said Constitution adopted and make proclamation of the result of said election by publication in one or more newspapers in each Congressional district of the State but should a majority of the votes cast be against ratification he shall in the same manner proclaim the said Constitution rejected
243
Ordinances
STATE CAPITAL
Be it ordained by the people of Georgia in Convention assembled
That the question of the location of the capital of this State be kept out of the Constitution to be adopted by this Convention
2 That at the first general election hereafter held for members of the General Assembly every voter may indorse on his ballot Atlanta or Milledgeville and the one of these places receiving the largest number of votes shall be the capital of the State until changed by the same authority and in the same way that may be provided for the alteration of the Constitution that may be adopted by the Convention whether said Constitution be ratified or rejected And that every person entitled to vote for members of the General Assembly under the present Constitution and laws of this State shall be entitled to vote under this ordinance and in the event of the rejection of said Constitution shall should a majority of votes cast be in favor of Milledgeville then this provision to operate and take effect as an amendment to the present Constitution
HOMESTEAD
Be it ordained by the people of Georgia in Convention assembled and it is hereby ordained by authority of the same
1 That the article adopted by the Convention on the subject of homestead and exemption shall not form a part of this Constitution except as hereinafter provided
2 At the election held for the ratification or rejection of this Constitution it shall be lawful for each voter to have written or printed on his ballot the words Homestead of 1877 or the words Tdomestead of 1868
3 In the event that a majority of the ballots so cast have indorsed upon them the words Homestead of 1877 then said article so adopted by this Convention shall form a part of the Constitution submitted if the same is ratified but in event that said Constitution so submitted shall not be ratified then the article on homestead and exemptions so adopted as aforesaid by this Convention shall supersede Article Seven of the Constitution of 1868 on the subject of homestead and exemptions and form a part of this Constitutions
4 If a majority of the ballots so cast as aforesaid shall have indorsed upon them the words Homestead of 1868 then Article Seventh of the Constitution of 1868 shall supersede the article on homestead and exemptions adopted by this Convention and shall be incorporated in and form a part of the Constitution so submitted and ratified
244
Ordinances
JUDICIAL CIRCUITS
There shall be sixteen judicial circuits in this State and it shall be the duty of the General Assembly to organize and proportion the same in such manner as to equalize the business and labor of the judges in said several circuits as far as may be practicable But the General Assembly shall have power hereafter to reorganize increase or diminish the number of circuits Provided however that the circuits shall remain as now organized until changed by law
SIGNING AND RATIFICATION Be it ordained by the people oj Georgia in Convention assembled
1 That the Constitution as adopted and revised be enrolled and signed by the officers and members of this Convention
2 That the Governor shall issue his proclamation ordering an election for members of the General Assembly and a vote upon the ratification or rejection of this Constitution as herein provided and a vote upon the capital and homestead questions as provided by the ordinances of this Convention
Read and adopted in Convention August 25th 1877
Attest C J JENKINS
President Constitutional Convention JAMES COOPER NISBET Secretary
VOID BONDS NOT TO BE PAID
Neither the General Assembly nor any other authority or officer of this State shall ever have power to pay or recognize as legal or in any sense valid or binding upon the State any direct bonds or currency bonds gold bonds or the States alleged guaranty or indorsement of any railroad bonds or any other bonds guaranties or indorsements heretofore declared to be illegal fraudulent or void by act or resolution of the legislature of the State or that may be declared illegal fraudulent or void by act or resolution of the legislature originating this amendment viz The State gold bonds issued under the Act of October 17th 1870 in aid of the Brunswick and Albany Railroad Company the currency bonds issued under the Act of August 27th 1870 the quarterly gold bonds issued under the Act of September 15th 1870 which are enumerated in the Act of August 23rd 1872 the indorsement of the State upon the bonds of the Brunswick and Albany Railroad Company made under the Act of March 18th 1869 the indorsement of the State upon the bonds of the Cartersville and Van Wert Railroad Company and of the Cherokee Railroad
245
Ordinances
Company th indorsement of the State upon the bonds of the Bajnbridge Cuthbert and Columbus Railroad Company and all other bonds guaranties or indorsements declared illegal fraudulent or void as herein provided Nor shall any General Assembly ever have power to provide for the reindorsement of such railroad bonds or to place the States guaranty upon the same or to provide for the indorsement or guaranty by the State of any new bonds issued in lieu of or to pay off or retire such railroad bonds by any railroad company or to issue bonds of the State to such railroad companies or other persons in payment or in lieu of such indorsed bonds or other bonds herein declared illegal or to lend the aid or credit of the State by any act resolution or law to such railroad companies or to other incorporated companies or persons acquiring or succeeding to the rights and franchises of said companies or to buy the railroads of such companies or to submit the question of the liability of the State upon any of the bonds or indorsements upon bonds or other guaranty herein declared illegal fraudulent and void or upon any claim for money advanced upon said bonds indorsements or guaranties or expended by said companies or other person in and about the construction of said railroads to the decision of any court tribunal or person whatever or to pay assume or secure directly or indirectly by any act resolution or law any mcney advanced or claimed to have been advanced on the bonds indorsements or guaranties herein declared invalid
246
LEGISLATIVE PROPOSALS TO AMEND THE CONSTITUTION OF 1877
Art 2 Sec 1 Par 18
Qualifications of electors and registration of voters
A 1907 47 No record found of submission
A 1908 27 Ratified Oct 7 1908
A 1931 102 Ratified Nov 8 1932
Relates only to Par 3
Art 3 Sec 2 Par 1
Increasing Senatorial Districts
A 1918 84 Ratified Nov 5 1918
A 1921 86 Defeated Nov 7 1922
A 1931 106 Defeated Nov 8 1932
Art 3 Sec 3 Par 1
Membership House of Representatives fixed
A 1904 48 Ratified Oct 5 1904
A 1908 31 Ratified Oct 7 1908
A 1914 36 Ratified Nov 3 1914
A 1918 87 Ratified Nov 5 1918
A 1920 55 Ratified Nov 2 1920
Art 3 Sec 4 Par 1
Terms of members of General Assembly
A 1914 45 Ratified Nov 3 1914
Art 3 Sec 4 Par 3 2
Annual legislative sessions
A 18901 55 Ratified Oct 5 1892
Sessions changed from October to July
A 1893 20 No record found of submission
Biennial sessions
A 1924 31 Ratified Nov 4 1924
Dates of sessions and officers terms
A 1931 1053 Ratified Nov 8 1932
Art 3 2 Sec 4 Par 6
Length of legislative sessions
A 18901 56 Ratified Oct 5 1892
Art 3 Sec 7 Par 7
Local legislative bills
A 18889 37 No record found of submission A 18901 57 Ratified Oct 5 1892
Art 3 Sec 7 Par 15
Special and local lgislative procedure
A 18845 33 Ratified Oct 6 1886
247
Art 3 Sec 7 Par 18
Granting of corporate powers
A 18901 59 Ratified Oct 5 1892
A 1912 27 Ratified Nov 5 1912
Art 3 Sec 7 Par 25
Zoning planning laws
A 1927 127 Ratified Nov 6 1928
Art 3 Sec 7 Par 26
Zoning laws counties of Glynn Fulton Chatham Bibb Barrow and Colquitt
A 1929 148 Defeated Nov 4 1930
Art 3 Sec 9 Par 1
Legislative per diem
A 1918 89 Ratified Nov 5 1918
Art 5 6 Sec 1 Par 19
Governors clerical force
A 1918 93 Ratified Nov 5 1918
Art 5 Sec 2 Par 2
Treasurers and assistants salaries
A 191891 Ratified Nov 5 1918
Duties and expenses Constitutional officers
A 1927 121 Ratified Nov 6 1928
Art 6 Sec 1 Par 1
Establishing Court of Appeals
A 1906 24 Ratified Nov 6 1906
Art 6 Sec 2 Par 1
Supreme Court Justices
A 18867 25 Defeated Oct 3 1888
A 1893 17 No record found of submission
Art 6 Sec 2 Par 5
Supreme Court jurisdiction
A 1906 24 Ratified Nov 6 1906
A 1916 19 Ratified Nov 7 1916
Art 6 Sec 2 Par 8
Number of Justices Supreme Court and organization change
A 1895 15 Ratified Oct 7 1895
Art 6 Sec 2 Par 9
Court of Appeals organization and jurisdiction
A 1906 24 Ratified Nov 6 1906
A 1916 19 Ratified Nov 7 1916
Art 6 8 Sec 3 Par 1
Superior Courts
A 1905 66 Ratified Oct 3 1906
248
Art 6 Sec 3 Par 2
Election of Superior Court Judges
Art 6 Sec 3 Par 3
Terms of Superior Court Judges
A 1897 16 Ratified Oct 5 1898
Art 6 Sec 7 Par 1
Municipal Courts and J P Courts
A 191230 Ratified Oct 2 1912
A 1914 30 Ratified Nov 3 1914
A 1927 117 Ratified Nov 6 1928
A 1931 1051 Ratified Nov 8 1932
Art 6 Sec 11 Par 1
Election of SolicitorsGeneral
A 1897 16 Ratified Oct 5 1898
Art 6 Sec 13 Par 1
Salaries certain Superior Court Judges
Ratified Oct 5 1910
Ratified Nov 3 1914
Ratified Nov 7 1916
Ratified Nov 5 1918
Defeated Nov 7 1922
Ratified Nov 7 1922
Ratified Nov 2 1926
Ratified Nov 6 1928
Defeated Nov 4 1930
Judicial salaries Supreme Court Court of Appeals and Superior Courts
A 1917 36 Ratified Nov 5 1918
A 1920 20 Ratified Nov 2 1920
Art 6 Sec 13 Par 2
Salary basis for SolicitorsGeneral
A 1916 24 Ratified Nov 7 1916
Art 7 Sec 1 Par 1
Aid to Confederate soldiers and widows
A 1910 42
A 1913 30
A 1916 22
A 1918 94
A 1922 24
A 1922 26
A 1925 70
A 1927 111
A 1929 118
A 18845 37 Ratified Oct 6 1886
A 18889 39 Ratified Oct 1 1890
A 1893 19 Ratified Oct 3 1894
A 1899 19 Ratified Oct 9 1900
A 1908 34 Ratified Oct 7 1908
A 1918 96 Ratified Nov 5 1918
A 1918 98 Ratified Nov 5 1918
A 1920 23 Ratified Nov 2 1920
State highways tax
A 1926fx33 Ratified Nov 2 1926
249
Art 7 Sec 1 Par 2
Limiting ad valorem tax
A 1903 21 Ratified Oct 5 1904
Art 7 Sec 2 Par 1
Taxes upon incomes
A 1929 143 Defeated Nov 4 1930
Classification tax
A 1931 108 Defeated Nov 8 1932
Art 7 Sec 2 Par 2
Farm products tax exemption
A 1912 36 Ratified Nov 5 1912
Ships and vessels tax exemption
A 1916 27 Defeated Nov 7 1916
Endowment educational institutions tax exemption
A 1917 39 Ratified Nov 5 1918
Industries tax exemption
A 1923 Ex 67 Ratified Nov 4 1924
Hydroelectric works tax exemptions Heard and Troup counties A 1929 144 Defeated Nov 4 1930
Art 7 Sec 2 Par 6
Tax returns to ComptrollerGeneral
A 1911 51 Ratified Oct 2 1912
Art 7 Sec 3 Par 1
Deficiencies in State Treasury
A 1911 49 Ratified Oct 2 1912
State debt increase for teachers pay
A 1926Ex31 Ratified Nov 2 1926
Art 7 Sec 6 Par 2
Taxing powers of countieshealth
A 1908 33 Ratified Oct 7 1908
Taxing powers of countiesschools
A 1910 45 Ratified Oct 5 1910
A 1926Ex20 Ratified Nov 2 1926
Taxing power of countiesvital statistics
A 1926Ex30 Ratified Nov 2 1926
Taxing powers to Fulton Cdunty for pensions
A 1929 134 Defeated Nov 4 1930
Art 7 Sec 7 Par 1
Augusta flood protection bonds
A 1909 77 Ratified Oct 5 1910
County and city debts
A 1918 99 Ratified Nov 5 1918
Street improvement bonds cities 150000
A 1920 25 Ratified Nov 2 1920
250
West Point flood protection bonds
A 1920 29 Ratified Nov 2 1920
Savannah port debt
A 1923 45 Ratified Nov 4 1924
Brunswick port debt
A 1924 33 Ratified Nov 4 1924
Coastal highway district created
A 1924 35 Ratified Nov 4 1924
Crisp County debt
A 1925 72 Ratified Nov 2 1926
Tybee road bond issue
A 1926Ex22 Ratified Nov 2 1926
Lowndes County and Valdosta bond issue
A 1926Ex25 Ratified Nov 2 1926
McIntosh County school bond issue
A 1926Ex28 Ratified Nov 2 1926
Columbus street improvement bonds
A 1927 109 Ratified Nov 6 1928
LaGrange indebtedness
A 1927 113 Ratified Nov 6 1928
Temporary loans Fulton Chatham and Richmond Counties
A 1927 122 Ratified Nov 6 1928
Ware County bonded debt
A 1927 124 Ratified Nov 6 1928
Stephens County hospital bonds
A 1929 142 Ratified Nov 4 1930
Washington County temporary loans
A 1929 147 Ratified Nov 4 1930
Elberton bonded debt
A 1929 125 Ratified Nov 4 1930
Cornelia bonded debt
A 1929 121 Ratified Nov 4 1930
Lakeland bonded debt
A 1929 130 Ratified Nov 4 1930
Art 7 Sec 8 Par 1
Assumption of county debts
A 1931 97 Ratified Nov 8 1932
Art 7 Sec 10 Par 1
Bonded debt of cities of 150000
A 1918 915 Ratified Nov 5 1918
Art 8 Sec 1 Par 1
Taxation for common schools
A 1911 46 Ratified Oct 2 1912
Art 8 Sec 2 Par 1
State School Commissioner made elective
A 1894 34 Ratified Oct 7 1896
Art 8 Sec 4 Par 1
Local school tax
A 1903 23 Ratified Oct 5 1904
A 1919 66 Ratified Nov 2 1920
251
Pierce County high school tax
A 1929 139 Ratified Nov 4 1930
Schoolscontracts
A 1931 105 Ratified Nov 8 1932
Consolidated Schools bonds
A 1931 103 Ratified Nov 8 1932
Art 8 Sec 6 Par 1
University and high school appropriations
A 1920 32 Ratified Nov 2 1920
Art 11 Sec 1 Par 1
Taxes for Fulton County improvements
A 1929 135 Ratified Nov 4 1930
Art 11 Sec 1 Par 2
Fixing number of counties
A 1904 47 Ratified Oct 5 1904
Creating new counties as follows
A 1906 28 Ratified Nov 6 1906 BenHiU
A 1912 38 Ratified Oct 2 1912 Bleckley
A 1912 41 Ratified Nov 5 1912 Wheeler
A 1914 23 Ratified Nov 3 1914 Bacon
VA 1916 17 Ratified Nov 7 1916 Bacon
A 1914 27 Ratified Nov 3 1914 Barrow
A 1914 29 Ratified Nov 3 1914 Candler
A 1914 33 Ratified Nov 3 1914 Evans
A 1917 41 Ratified Nov 5 1918 Atkinson
1A 1918 106
A 1917 44 Ratified Nov 5 1918 Treutlen
A 1918 102 Ratified Nov 5 1918 Cook
A 1919 68 Ratified Nov 2 1920 Lanier
A 1920 19 45
A 1920 34 Ratified Nov 2 1920 Brantley
A 1920 38 Ratified Nov 2 192Q Lamar
A 1920 48 Ratified Nov 2 1920 Long
A 1920 52 Ratified Nov 2 1920 Seminole
A 1922 28 Defeated Nov 2 1922 Peach
A 1924 39 Ratified Nov 4 1924 Peach
Art 11 Sec 1 Par 2A
Consolidation of city and county governments
A 1924 811 Ratified Nov 24 1924
Art 11 Sec 1 Par 6
Taxes for sanitation Glynn and McIntosh counties
A 1929 137 Ratified Nov 4 1930
Art 11 Sec 2 Par 1
County officers terms
A 1914 43 Ratified Nov 3 1914
Art 11 Sec 3 Par 1
Office of county treasurer
A 1914 42 Ratified Nov 3 1914
Consolidation of offices Tax Receiver and Tax Collector A 1924 815 Ratified Nov 4 1924
252

J
CHRONOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF PROPOSALS TO AMEND CONSTITUTION OF 1877
Year of Act 1885 1887
1889
1890
1891
1893
1894
1895 1897 1899
1903
1904
1905
1906
1907
1908
1909
1910
1911
1912
1913
1914
1916
1917
1918
1919
1920
1921
1922
1923
1923 Ex
1924
1925
1926 Ex
1927 1929 1931
Proposals
2
1
2
1
3
3 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 2 1
4 1 2
3
5 1 9
5
4 11
2
10
1
3
1
1
6 2
7
8 13
8
Ratified 2 1886
1 1890 1 1892
3 1892 1 1894 1 1896 1 1896 1 1898
1 1900
2 1904 2 1904
1 1906
2 1906
4 1908
1 1910
2 1910
3 1912
5 1912
1 1914 9 1914
4 1916 4 1918
11 1918
2 1920 10 1920
1 1922 1 1924
1 1924
6 1924
2 1926
7 1926
8 1928 8 1930 6 1932
115
Total 131
Rejected No record 1 1888
1
2
1 1916
1 1922
2 1922
5 1930 2 1932
12 4
131 Amendments Proposed by Legislature 115 Amendments Ratified
12 Amendments Defeated
4 AmendmentsNo record after proposal
253
INDEX
to the
CONSTITUTION OF GEORGIA
NoteReference in the Index are made to the Article Section and Paragraph of the provision referred to the original division of the instrument being strictly followed
A
A S P
Absent members of Legislature attendance of compelled 3 4 4
Abuse under arrest or in prison prohibited 119
Of liberty of speech or press responsibility for 1 1 15
Academy incorporated exempt from taxation 7 2 2
Adceptors suits against where tried 6 16 5
Account of Treasurer to be published quarterly 3 7 11
Accusation copy to be furnished defendant on demand 115
Acts amending or repealing must describe the law affected 3 7 17
Local and private authority of 12 1 4
Must be signed by President of Senate and Speaker of House 3 7 13
Requiring twothirds voteyeas and nays must be recorded 3 7 21
Adjournment of Legislature be less than a majority 3 4 4
Consent of both Houses required when 3 7 24
Houses failing to agree Governor may adjourn them 3 7 24
Resolutions of not submitted to Governor 5 1 17
Ad valorem Tax on property shall be 7 2 1
Aged and infirm persons entitled to Homestead 9 1 1
Aid of State to any religious denomination prohibited 1 1 14
To any person or corporation by lending credit or taking stock
prohibited 7 5 1
To any person or corporation by donation or gratuity prohibited 7 16 1
Aid of County or City to person or corporation prohibited 7 6 1
Amendments to Appropriation and Revenue bills by Senate 3 7 10
To Constitution 13 1 1
To statute or code form of amendment act 3 7 17
Animals special tax may be imposed on vicious ones 7 2 1
Appeal from one jury to another in Superior and City Courts 6 4 6
From Ordinary to Superior Court 6 6 1
From Justice of the Peace to Jury or Superior Court 6 7 2
Appellate Jurisdiction of the Superior Court 6 4 4
Appointment of Legislator to another office prohibited 3 4 7
By Governor to fill vacancies 5 1 14
Rejected by Senate effect of 5 1 15
Of State School Commissioner 8 2 1
Apportionment of Representatives how changed 3 3 2
Appropriation Acts authority of 12 1 3
Bills general and special 3 7 9
Bills must originate in House of Representatives 3 7 10
Bills yeas and nays must be recorded on 3 7 12
Bills may be approved in part 5 1 16
Necessary to authorize payment by Treasurer 3 7 11
For University of Georgia and College for colored pupils 8 6 1
255
Approval of Governor to Bills
Of Governor to Resolutions and Orders
Arms right of citizens to bearmanner of bearing
Army of the State Governor is Commander of
Arrest abuse under prohibited
Punishment for rescue from under order either House
Privilege of Elector from
Privilege of member Legislature from
Artificial limbs for Confederate soldiers
Assemble right of people to do so guaranteed
Associate Justice of Supreme Court
Atlanta City Court of errors corrected in Supreme Court
Attainder bill of prohibited
Attendance of members of the Legislature compelled
Attendance of members of Legislature privileges during
Attorney right to defend or prosecute by
Right of Defendant in criminal cases to have
General election of
General duties
General salary
General qualifications
Authority of Constitution treaties laws judgments etc
B
Bail shall not be excessive
Ballot election by the people shall be by
Banishment beyond the State prohibited
Banks may be incorporated by the Legislature
Bequests may be received by the University of Georgia
Bills a number of readings necessary before passage
Majority of all members in favor of necessary to passage
Rejected not again proposed without consent of twothirds
Appropriation and Revenue must originate in House
Appropriations general and special requisites of
Appropriations must be passed by yeas and nays
Revision of by Governor Vetohow overruled
See Local Bills also Acts
Bond required of Secretary of Senate and Clerk of House
Required of Secretary of State ComptrollerGeneral and Trea
surer
Required of Public Printer
Bonded debt not to be increased
Sale of States property to be applied to
Of county or city provisions for meeting
Bonds in cases involving an interested Judge cannot preside
Of State declared void not to be paid or submitted to suit
Of Western Atlantic Railroad paid by proceeds of Road
Boundaries of counties to remain as now till changed by law
Bribery Conviction of disqualifies for office or voting
Bridges established by the courts not Legislature
Bridges Ordinarys jurisdiction in matter of
Bridges taxation by county to keep up
Borrowing money by State laws for must specify purpose
Buildings public exempt from taxation
Public tax by county to maintain
Ordinarys jurisdiction
Burial places exempt from tax
A S P
5 1 16
5 1 17
1 1 22
5 1 11
1 1 9
3 7 2
2 3 1
3 7 3
7 1 1
1 1 24
6 2 1
6 2 5
1 3 2
3 4 4
3 7 3
1 1 4
1 1 5
6 10 1
6 10 2
6 13 1
6 14
12 1
1 1 9
2 1 1
1 1 7
3 7 18
8 6 1
3 7 7
3 7 14
3 7 13
3 7 10
3 7 9
3 7 12
5 1 16
3 8 1
5 2 6
7 17 1
7 12 1
7 13 1
7 7 2
6 2 3
7 11 1
7 13 1
11 1 1
2 2 1
3 7 18
6 6 2
7 6 2
7 4 1
7 2 2
7 6 2
6 6 2
7 2 2
I
256
c
A S P
Canal Companies may be incorporated by Legislature 3 7 18
Capitol location of ordinance concerning 12 1 8
Capitol site for may be donated to the State 7 6 1
Censure of members of Legislature for misconduct 3 7 1
Certiorari writs of may be issued by Judge Superior Court 6 4 6
Challenge of voter oath to be administered 2 1 2
Conviction of sending or accepting disqualifies for office 2 4 2
Charitable institutions public exempt from taxation 7 2 2
Public aid from county or city 7 6 1
Charter of Corporations amended on conditions 4 2 3
Chief Justice of Supreme Court presides in impeachment trials
see Supreme Court 3 5 4
Children legitimatized and names changed by the courts 3 7 18
Church not to receive money from the State 1 1 14
Citizens of the State who are and right to protection 1 1 25
Of the State entitled to vote when 2 1 1
City aid by donation of taking stock prohibited 7 6 1
Consent before Street Railroad can be built in 3 7 20
Courts of the State neqd not be uniform 6 9 1
Court appeals and new trials in 6 4 6
Courts errors corrected in Supreme Court 6 2 5
Court Judge may serve in Supreme Court when 6 5 1
Debt to be incurred by limited 7 7 1
Debt bonded provisions for meeting 7 7 2
Debt not to be assumed by State 7 8 1
Debt to be incurred only by authority of City Government 7 10 1
Public schools may be maintained by tax 8 4 1
Civil authority superior to the military 1 1 19
Cases where tried 6 16 6
Cases judgment by Court without jury when 6 4 7
Cases venue how changedf 6 17 1
Jurisdiction of Superior Court 6 4 3
Jurisdiction of Justices Court 6 7 2
Clerical expenses of Treasurer Secretary of State and Comptroller
General 5 22 34
Clerk of House of Representatives Compensation and Bond of 3 8 1
Clerks of the Governor 5 1 19
Code sections not amended or repealed by reference to numbers 3 7 17
Colleges exempt from taxation 7 2 2
For colored pupils 8 6 1
Colored pupils College for 8 6 1
Colored and white public schools to be separate 8 1 1
Commissioner of Schools appointed and salary of 8 2 1
Commissioners of county affairs authorized 6 19 1
Commissioners of county affairs authorized 11 3 1
Committee on Local and Special bills 3 7 5
Common Law Courts may be clothed with equity jurisdiction 6 5 2
Common School Systemsee Education 8 11
Commutation power in the Governor 5 1 12
Tax for military services goes to Schools 8 3 1
Companies incorporation of 3 7 18
Volunteer military organization of 10 1 2
Compensation for private ways and public use of property 13 1
Of Clerk of House and Secretary of Senate 3 8 1
Of Jurors how fixed 6 18
Extra not granted officers or contractors 7 16 2
257
Competition arrangements by corporation to defeat void
ComptrollerGeneral must license Life Insurance companies
Supervise deposits of Life Insurance Companies
Officers of Executive Department
Examination suspension and discharge of
Election of
Salary and Clerks hire
Eligibility and Bond of
Perquisites not allowed to
Must report to Governor
Confederate Soldiers pensions for
Public debt not to be paid
Conscience right of not to be controlled
Liberty of does not excuse licentiousness
Consent of parties to vary general law in individual cases
City to building Street Railroads within its limits
Constitution of Georgia may be altered or abolished by the people
Authority of
Amendments of
Amendments by Convention
To be submitted to the people
And United Stateslaws in violation of void
And United States authority of1
Constitutional Convention provisions to call
Construction of Constitution not to deny rights not enumerated
Contempt limitation of Courts power to punish for
Either House of General Assembly may punish for
Contested Election for Governor
Contracts laws impairing obligation of void
By Government releasing power to tax void
By Government heretofore made not impaired
Between corporations defeat competition void
Judgments on without verdict when
Jurisdiction of Justices Court in cases of
Contractor not to receive extra compensation from Government
Conventionsee Constitutional Convention and Ordinances
Conviction costs not to be exacted of defendant until
Does not work corruption or forfeiture
Of certain offenses disfranchise
Impeachment vote necessary
Dueling disqualifies for office
Copartners suits against where tried
Coroners County Tax to pay
Corporate powers what may be granted by Legislature
Corporators not to be damaged by revocation of charter
Corporations subject to police power and eminent domain
Legislation in favor of conditional
Acts of to defeat competition and monopolize void
Rights to tax not to be released
State not to take stock in aid or lend credit to
County or City not to take stock in aid or lend credit to
Donations to from State prohibited
Authority of rights already accrued to
Municipalsee City
Costs not payable by defendant till conviction
In Supreme Court
A S P
4 2 4
3 12 2
3 12 3
5 1 1
5 1 18
5 2 1
5 2 4
5 2 6
5 2 7
7 15 1
7 1 1
7 11 1
1 1 12
1 1 13
1 4 1
3 7 20
1 5 1
12 1 1
13 1
13 1 2
13 2 1
1 4 2
12 1 1
13 1 2
1 5 5
1 1 20
3 7 2
5 1 6
1 3 2
4 1 1
4 2 6
4 2 4
6 4 7
6 7 2
7 16 2
1 1 10
1 2 3
2 2 1
3 5 4
2 4 2
6 16 4
7 6 2
3 7 18
1 3 3
4 2 2
4 2 3
4 2 4
7 2 5
7 5 1
7 6 1
7 16 1
12 1 5
1 1 10
6 21 1
258
County Commissioners may be created
Debt to be incurred by limited
Debt not to be assumed by State
Debt bonded provisions for meeting
Not to aid or take stock in Corporation
Public Schools may be maintained by
Matters Ordinarys jurisdiction
Officers election term qualification and removal
Officers and tribunals to be uniform in the State
Is a body corporate suits of and boundaries
New one not to be created
Lines and site how changed
Merger of
Special acts authority of
Corruption of blood not worked by conviction
Courts power to punish for contempt limited
Power in matters denied to Legislature
Of the State
Not mentioned in Constitution may be abolished
Of Common Law may be vested with equity jurisdiction
Of same grade throughout State must be uniform
Courts tax to pay expenses of
Jurisdiction against Homestead denied
Authority of judgments and decrees of
Existing judgments and decrees of ratified
See also Supreme Superior Cityand Justice Courts
Credit of State not to be pledged to Corporations or persons
Creditors law to be provided for reaching concealed property of
debtor
Not to be damaged by revocation of Charter
Crime conviction in what cases disfranchises
Lobbying declared to be
Criminal cases Jury judges of law and fact
Judge may grant new trial on conviction
Jurisdiction of Superior Court
Rights of defendant inL
Where tried
Venue when changed
D
Damages jurisdiction of Justices Courts in cases of
Death of Governor vacancy how filled
Officer vacancy how filled
Debate liability of Legislators for words spoken in
Debts Public taxation to pay
Public new debt contracted to pay
Power of State to contract restricted
Of County taxation to pay
Power of City or County to Contract restricted
To be incurred by City only on authority of City Government
Of County or City not to be assumed by State
Void and Confederate against State not to be paid
Debtor Concealing Property provisions against
May waive Homestead
May waive Exemptions of the old Code
A S P
6 19 1
11 3 1
7 7 1
7 8 2
7 7 1
7 6 1
8 4 1
6 6 2
11 2 1
11 3 1
11 1 1
11 1 2
11 1 34
11 1 5
12 1 4
1 2 3
1 1 20
3 7 18
6 1 1
6 20 7
6 4 2
6 9 1
7 6 2
9 2 1
12 1 5
12 1 6
7 5 1
1 2 6
1 3 3
2 2 1
1 5 5
1 2 1
1 2 1
6 4 1
1 1 5
6 16 6
6 17 1
6 7 1
5 1 1
5 1 14
3 7 3
7 1 1
t 3 1
7 3 1
7 6 2
7 7 1
7 10 1
7 8 1
7 11 1
1 2 6
9 3 1
9 5 1
259
A S
Decrees of Court authority and ratification of 12 1
Defaulters of public moneys disqualified for Legislature 3 4
Defend or prosecute in person or by attorney right to 1 1
Defense under oath not filed Court to render judgment when 6 4
Of State debts may be contracted for 7 3
Deficiency of Revenue in State supplied by borrowing 7 3
Of Revenue in City and County supplied by borrowing 7 7
Deposits required of Insurance Companies 3
Of public funds Treasurer to receive no profit from 5 2
Disabilities may be removed by Governor 5 1
Discrimination in Tariff by Railroad regulated 4 2
Disorderly behavior in presence of Legislature punished 3 7
Disqualification to hold office or vote 2 2
Religious opinion is not 1 1
To hold office in more than one department 1 1
Of illegal holders of public money 2 4
Of duelists 2 4
For Legislature and legislator to other office 3 4
Resulting from impeachment 3 5
Of Judge of Supreme Court who presides 6 2
Judge of Superior Court who presides 6 4
Judge of Superior Court when there is a City Judge 6 5
Of interested Judge in bond cases 6 2
District Senatorial number composition and change of 3 21
Diyorce exclusive jurisdiction in Superior Court 6 4
First and second verdicts in cases of 6 15
Suits where tried 6 16
Domestic animals of vicious nature special tax on 7 2
Animals tax on goes to educational purposes 8 1
Donations by State prohibited 7 16
By State to University allowed 8 6
Drawer and Acceptor suits against where tried 8 16
Dueling conviction of disqualifies for office 2 2
E
Education Common School System established 8 1
Commissioner of Public Schools 8 2
Confined to English in local public schools 7 6
Confined to English in State public schools 8 1
Poll Tax for purpose of 7 2
Special Tax for purposes of 8 3
Taxation for purposes of by State 7 1
Taxation for purposes of by City or County 7 6
Appropriations for purposes of by City or County 7 6
Election by the people shall be by ballot 2 1
By the Legislature shall be viva voce 3 10
Days furnishing Liquor on prohibited 2 5
Privileges of Electors while attending 2 3
Precincts changed by Courts not Legislature 3 7
Returns where made 2 6
Of members General Assembly 3 4
Members General Assembly each house to judge of 3 7
President of the Senate 3 5
Speaker of the House of Representatives 3 6
Governor1 5 1
P
56
7
4
7
1
1
1
12
5
12
1
12
1
13
13
1
2
7
5
2
9
1
3
23
1
12
1
1
1
1
1
5
1
1
2
1
3
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
18
1
2
1
2
2
3
260
A S P
Governor returns how made 5 1 4
Returns opened and publishedf 5 15
Governor by General Assembly 5 15
Contested 5 1 6
Special 5 19
To fill vacancies in General Assembly 5 1 13
Of Secretary of State Comp Genl and Treasurer 5 2 1
Judges of Supreme Court 6 2 4
Judges of Superior Court 6 3 2
Judges of Supreme Superior Courts and Sol Genl 6 12 1
Justices of the Peace 6 7 3
Attorney General 6 10 1
By City or County on creating a new debt 7 7 1
City or County on School question 8 4 1
To change County Site 11 1 4
Merge one County into another 11 1 5
Election of County officers 11 2 1
On amendments to Constitution 13 1 1
Ratification of Constitution 13 2 1
Electors who shall be so deemed 2 12
Registration of may be provided for 2 2 1
Privileges of while attending elections 2 3 1
Embezzlement of public funds disfranchises 2 2
Eminent Domain not to be abridged in favor of Corporations 4 2 2
Encumbrances Homestead liable for removal of 9 2 1
Endorsers suits against where tried 6 16 5
Equal Rights not to be infringed by Corporations 4 2 1
Equity Cases where tried 6 16 3
Jurisdiction is in Superior Court 6 4 1
Jurisdiction may be conferred on Common Law Courts 6 4 2
Errors in Superior and City Courts corrected in Supreme Court 6 2 5
Of inferior judicatories corrected by Certiorari 6 4 5
Estate not forfeited by Conviction 12 3
Excessive Bail and Fines forbidden 119
Executive Legislative and Judicial Department are distinct 1 1 23
Department officers of 5 11
Department officers of report suspension and removal of 5 1 18
Powers vested in Governor 5 12
Exemption from Taxation and void Exemption 7 22 45
From Levy and Salejj 9 11
From Levy and Sale waiver of 9 3 1
From Levy and Sale under Debtors Act not repealed 9 4 1
From Levy and Sale under Debtors Act waiver 9 5 1
Exhibitions special tax on goes to public schools 8 3 1
Expense of Clerks and Secretaries to Governor 5 1 18
Of Clerks of Secretary of State ComptrollerGeneral and Treasurer 5 22 34
Ex Post Facto Law not to be passed 13 2
Express Companies chartered by Legislature 3 7 18
Expulsion of Member of General Assembly for misconduct 3 7 1
Extra session of Legislature before November 1st 1878 3 4 3
Sessions of Legislature may be called by Governor 5 1 13
Compensation not to be allowed by Government 7 16 2
261
F
A S P
Family each Head of entitled to Homestead 9 11
Fees not allowed officers of Executive Department 5 2 7
Not allowed Attorney General 6 13 1
Felony exclusive jurisdiction in Superior Court 6 4 1
Females persons having care of entitled to Homestead 9 11
Ferries established by Courts not Legislature 3 7 18
Ordinarys jurisdiction concerning 6 6 2
Fines imposed must not be excessive 119
Imposed on memoer of Legislature for misconduct 3 7 1
Fire Insurance Companies deposit required of 3 12 4
Foreign Power Governor to receive no Emolument from 5 12
Forfeiture of Estate not brought about by conviction 12 3
Of Recognizance relieved against when 3 7 19
Of Charter remitted only on conditions 4 2 3
Fraud Legislature may provide Punishment for 1 2 6
Judgments attacked for 12 1 5
Free Schoolssee Education 8 11
Freight on Railroads subject to regulation by law 4 2 1
Rebate not allowed nor deceit as to amount charged 4 2 5
Furniture Waiver of Exemption not good against all 9 3 1
Funds of county Ordinarys jurisdiction 6 6 2
Of Public officers not to profit from use of 7 9 1
Sinking provided for 7 14 1
G
GENERAL ASSEMBLY
Consisting of Senate and House is the Legislative power 3 1 1
Members of elected for two years 3 4 1
Election when held 3 4 2
Election returns where made 2 6 1
Attendance of required 3 4 4
Oath of 3 4 5
Who are disqualified to be 3 4 7
Disqualified for certain other offices 3 4 7
Not to profit from use of public funds 7 9 1
Not to be interested in public printing 7 17 1
Seats of vacated bj removal 3 48
Punished for misconduct in each House 3 7 1
Privileges of 3 7 3
Per diem and mileage of 3 9 1
Majority of all necessary to passage of bill 3 7 14
Officers of who areS 3 8 1
Quorum of to transact business 3 4 4
Adjournment by less than a quorum4 3 4 4
Adjournment for more than three days etc 3 37 24
Election by shall be viva voce 3 10 1
Of judges of Supreme Court by 1st election 6 2 4
Of Judges of Superior Court by 1st election 6 3 2
Of Judges of Supreme and Superior Courts and Solicitors General 6 12 1
Of Governor by when 5 15
Of Governor contested determined by 5 16
May pardon commute or reprieve for treason 5 1 12
May direct affixing of the Great Seal 5 3 1
262
A S P
Sessions of are biannual 3 43
Of limited to 10 days in January 3 4 3
Of limited to 60 days in Julyi 3 4 3
Of extra may be called by Governor 5 1 13
Of joint held in Representative Hall 3 10 1
Each House of may compel attendance of members 3 4 4
Is judge of election and qualification of its members 3 7 1
May punish for misconduct 3 7 12
Must keep a Journal 3 7 4
Has general power of legislation 3 7 22
HAS POWER BY LAW TO
Provide punishment for fraud 12 6
For registration of voters2 2 1
For removal Secretary of State ComptrollerGeneral and Treasurer 5 1 18
For appeals in Superior and City Courts 6 4 6
For appointments of Judge pro hac vice 6 4 9
Commissioners for county affairs1 6 19 1
For organizing the Militia 10 1 1
Prescribe manner of bearing arms 1 1 22
Number of Jurors in Inferior Courts 6 18 1
Who shall vote on School questions 8 4 1
Change Senatorial Districts when 3 2 3
Apportionment of Representatives 3 3 2
Governors Salary by two thirds vote 5 12
Salaries of Judges Attorneys and Solicitors Generali 6 13 2
Substitute another officer for School Commissioner 8 2 1
Established Courts 6 11
Abolish Courts not named in Constitution 6 20 2
Confer Equity jurisdiction on Common Law Courts 6 4 2
Authorize formation of Volunteer Companies 10 1 2
Require Fire Insurance Companies to make deposit 3 12 4
Subject corporate property to public use when 4 2 1
Sell States property 7 13 1
Make donations to University of Georgiajj 8 6 1
Make donations to Colleges for colored people 8 6 1
Amend Constitution in manner providedjj 13 1 1
Call Constitutional Convention as provided 13 1 2
SHALL BY LAW
Limit power of Courts to punish for Contempt 1 1 20
Protect citizens in their rights 1 1 25
Provide penalty against Lottery Agents 12 4
Provide penalty against Lobbying 1 2 5
Prohibit furnishing Liquor on election days 3 5 1
Provide penalty against Treasurer receiving unlawful fee 5 2 5
Provide for reaching concealed property of Debtor 12 6
Compel Insurance Companies to report to Governor 3 12 5
Regulate Freight and Passenger Tariff 4 2 1
Enforce provisions against monopolies etc 4 2 7
Establish uniformity in local tribunals 6 9 1
Provide for selection and compensation of jurors 6 18 23
A sinking fund 7 14 1
For letting Public Printing to highest bidder 7 17 1
263
A S P
Setting apart and valuation of Homestead 9 4 1
For appeals in Superior and City Courts 6 4 6
SHALL NOT PASS ANY LAW
To restrain or curtail liberty of speech or press 1 1 15
Respecting social status of citizens 1 1 18
Of Attainder ex post facto impairing contracts 1 3 2
Making irrevocable grants of special privileges 1 3 2
To revoke grants to injury of creditors of corporators 1 3 3
Of special nature when general law provides 14 1
Varying general laws affecting private rights without consent 14 1
In violation of Constitution of Georgia or the United States 14 2
Referring to more than one matter or different form title 3 7 8
Incorporating companies except for class named 3 7 18
Relieving against recognizances except as stated 3 7 19
Authorizing Street Railroad in city without citys consent 3 7 20
For benefit of particular corporations except on conditions 4 2 3
Authorizing one corporation to buy stock in another County or
City to aid persons or corporations 7 6 1
Payment of void bonds or Confederate debts 7 11 1
Granting donation or gratuity to persons or corporations 7 17 1
Extra compensation to officers or contractors 7 16 2
See Tax
God may be worshipped according to dictates of conscience 1 1 12
Governor an officer of the Executive Department 5 1 1
Executive powers vested in 5 12
Salary term and limitations of terms of office 5 12
Election installation and terms of election of 5 1 14
Of by the Legislature when 5 15
Qualification and oath ofr 5 17 10
Death resignation or disability of 5 18
Secretary and Clerks of 5 1 19
Is Commander of the Army and Conservator of the Peace 5 11 11
May adjourn the Legislature when 3 7 24
Call Extra Session of the Legislature 5 1 13
Direct affixing of the Great Seal 5 3 1
Pardon reprieve commute and remit penalties 5 1 12
Remove disabilities 5 1 12
With the Treasurer loan the Sinking Fund 7 14 1
Require services of Attorney General 6 10 2
Shall order elections to fill vacancies in Legislature 5 1 13
Fill vacancies in other offices 5 1 14
Offices of Judges and Solicitors General 6 12 1
Appoint State School Commissioner 8 2 1
Judge to preside in Supreme Court when 6 2 2
Commission Notaries Public exofficio Justices of Peace 6 8 1
Examine and Publish Report of Comptroller and Treasurer 7 15 1
Proclaim result of Election on Constitution 13 2 2
Cannot appoint member of Legislature to office 3 4 7
A person rejected by Senate when 5 1 15
Has revision of bills and resolutions of Legislature 5 1 17
Supervision over Executive officers 5 1 18
Government originates with people duty of 1 1 12
Exclusive right of the people to regulate 15 1
Legislature Executive and Judicial Departments distinct 1 1 23
264
A S
Support of by taxation 7 1
Grants limiting power to tax void 4 1
Irrevocable of special privileges void 1 3
Not to be revoked as to work injustice 1 3
Great Seal of the State use and device of 5 3
Guardian of minors entitled to Homestead 9 1
H
Habeas Corpus Writ shall not be suspended 1 1
Head of family entitled to Homestead 9 1
Homestead and Exemption to whom allowed and amount of 9 1
Not subject to levy and sale 9 2
Waiver and sale of 9 3
Setting apart of to be provided for 9 4
Supplemental 9 6
Already allowed good against old debt 9 7
Ordinance effect of 12 1
Of 1868 sales of confirmed 9 8
Of 1868 sales and reinvestments of 9 9
Under Debtors Act not repealed 9 4
Under Debtors Act Waiver of 9 5
House secure from search except as provided 1 1
Soldiers not to be quartered in except as provided 1 1
Of RepresentativesSee Representatives
Household Furniture waiver of exemption on 9 3
Husbands debts wifes property not liable for 3 11
I
Idiots disqualified to vote or hold office 2 2
Immunities special not to be irrevocably granted 1 3
Not to be revoked so as to work justice 1 3
Impeachment power in House of Representatives 3 6
Power to tryin the Senate 3 5
Chief Justice to preside at trial ofI 3 5
Vote necessary to convict 3 5
Effect of conviction 0 3 5
Governor cannot pardon in case of 5 1
Imprisonment abuse under forbidden 1 1
For debt prohibited 1 1
For misbehavior in presence of Legislature 3 7
Improvement on Homestead is part of 9 2
Indictment copy to be furnished defendant on demand 1 1
Inferior Judicatories errors of corrected by Certiorari 6 4
Infirm persons entitled to Homestead 9 1
Inherent rights not enumerated and not denied 1 5
Insane persons not entitled to vote or hold office 2 2
Inspection by Governor of Executive Officers 5 1
Installation of Governor 5 1
Insurance Department expense of 5 2
Companies to make reports to Governor 3 12
Chartered by Legislature 3 7
Fire deposit made with Treasury 3 12
Foreign and Home Life deposits required 3 12
Foreign Life Comptroller General to license 3 12
P
1
1
2
3
1
1
11
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
8
1
1
1
1
16
19
1
1
1
2
3
3
3
4
4
5
12
9
21
12
1
5
5
1
2
1
18
3
4
5
18
4
13
2
265
A S
Interest on Public Debt taxation authorized to pay 7 1
Intoxicating drinks not to be furnished on election days 2 5
Insurrection and invasion in time of Bills may pass summarily
Tax to suppress 7 1
Bonded debt incurred to suppress 7 12
Debts contracted to suppress 7 3
Contracted by city or county to suppress assumed by State 7 8
Invasionsee Insurrection
Investment of funds raised by sale of homestead 9 3
Irrevocable grants of special privileges void 1 3
J
Jeopardy more than once for same offense prohibited 1 1
Joint obligors suit against where tried 6 16
Owner in property State shall not become 7 5
Journal each House of the General Assembly shall keep 3 7
Original preserved in the office of Secretary of State 3 7
Yeas and nays to be recorded in at request of onefifth 3 7
Yeas and nays to be recorded in when two thirds vote is required 3 7
Must show majority of all members voted for bills passed 3 7
Must contain proposed amendments to Constitution 13 1
Of House must contain vote of elections by Legislature 3 10
Judge disqualified to preside in bond cases if interested in the bonds 6 2
Pro hac vice Legislature may authorize 6 4
May grant new trials in cases of conviction 1 2
See Supreme Superior and City Courts
Judicial Legislative and Executive Departments distinct 1 1
Powers of the State where vested 6 1
Judiciary to declare unconstitutional acts void 1 4
Judgment of Impeachment extent of 3 5
Of Supreme Court may be withheld one term 6 2
Without verdict of Jury when 6 4
Of Courts authority of 12 1
Heretofore rendered ratified 12 1
Jurisdiction of Supreme Court 6 2
Of Superior Court1 6 4
Of Superior Court Appellate 6 4
Of Ordinary 6 6
Of Ordinary County matters 6 6
Of Justices of the Peace 6 7
Against Homestead denied 9 2
J ury right of trial by an impartial 1 1
Right of trial by Guaranteed 6 18
Judges of law and fact in criminal cases 1 2
Appeal from one to another in Superior and City Courts 6 4
From Justice of the Peace to 6 7
Grand to recommend Commissioned Notary for appointment 6 8
Grand and Traverse selection and qualification of 6 18
Compensation of how fixed 6 18
Tax by county to pay 7 6
Justice of the Peace may be member of Legislature 3 4
Part of Judiciary 6 1
Election Commission and removal of 6 7
Term of 6 7
Jurisdiction Sessions and Appeals 6 7
ExOfficiot 6 8
P
1
1
7
1
1
1
1
1
2
8
4
1
4
5
6
21
14
1
1
3
9
1
23
1
5
7
7
5
6
5
1
4
1
2
2
1
5
1
1
6
2
1
2
3
2
7
1
3
1
2
1
266
K
A S P
Kitchen furniture waiver of exemption of 9 3 1
L
Labor done on Homestead Homestead is liable for 9 2 1
Land cases involving title to brought in Superior Court 6 4 1
Cases involving title to tried at what place 6 16 2
Homestead and Exemption on 9 11
Larceny convicion of disfranchises 2 2 1
Law due process of required to affect rights of persons 113
Laws of general nature must have uniform operation 14 1
Of general nature affecting private rights how varied 14 1
Unconstitutional are void 14 2
For more than one matter or different from title void 3 7 8
Majority vote of all members necessary to pass 3 7 14
For tax shall be general 7 2 1
Not repealed or amended by reference to title alone 3 7 17
For borrowing money must be specific 7 4 1
To change county lines must be a general law 11 1 3
Of general operation i 12
Of United States authority of 12 1 1
Of Georgia authority ofj12 1 3
Local and special authority of 12 12
See Local also General Assembly
Learning Seminaries of exempt from taxation 7 2 2
Legislative power is in the General Assembly3 11
Executive and Judicial Departments distinct 1 1 23
LegislatureSee General Assembly
Legitimate Children power in Courts 3 7 18
Levy and Sale exemptions from 9 1 1
Libels in prosecutions for truth may be given in evidence 12 1
Liberty person to be deprived of only by due process of law 113
Not to be jeopardized but once for same offense 1 1
Of Conscience not to be controlled 1 1 12
Of speech or press not to be curtailed 1 1 15
Libraries Public may be exempt from taxation 7 2 2
Licentiousness not excused on account of liberty of Conscience 1 1 13
Life person not to be deprived of but by due process of law 113
Not to be jeopardized but once for same offense 118
Crimes involving jurisdiction in Superior Court 6 4 1
See Insurance
Lines of County to be changed under operation of general law 11 1 3
Liquor special tax on for Educational purposes 8 3 1
Not to be furnished on Election days 2 5 1
List of witnesses to be furnished to defendant on demand 1 15
Litigation tax by County to pay expenses of 7 6 2
Literary Associations may be exempt from taxation 7 2 2
Loans to State for casual deficiencies of revenue 7 3 1
County or City for canal deficiencies of revenue 7 7 1
Of sinking Fund by Governor and Treasurer 7 14 1
Lobbying is a crime Legislature must provide a penaltyl 1 2 5
Publication of before passed 3 7 15
Acts authority of 12 1 4
School Systems existing not affected hereby 8 5 1
Lottery Tickets sale of prohibited 12 4
267
M
Macon and Brunswick Railroad if sold proceeds where applied
Majority of each branch of Legislature constitute quorum
Of all members of each House necessary to pass billi
Malfeasance in office disfranchises
Malpractice in office by Justice of the Peace removal for
Mandamus issued by Judge of Superior Court
Marriage does not divest wife of her property
M aterial furnished Homestead it is liable for
Matter different from title not to be contained in billr
Members of General AssemblySee General Assembly
Merger of counties
Message of Governor
Mileage of the members of the General Assembly
Military authority subordinate to Civil
Commission except in M ilitia disqualifies for Legislature
Service commutation for goes to Public Schools
Companies Volunteer organizations
Companies Volunteer paid only when called by State
Militia officers may be members of Legislature
Governor is Commander in chief of
District one Justice of the Peace for each
District one commissioned Notary for each
Organization of may be provided for
Paid only when called out by State
Minors family of entitled to Homestead
Ministerial officer not to levy on Homestead
Misconduct of member of Legislature how punished
Mistrial in criminal cases authorizes a second trial
Money not to be donated by State to any Church etc
Illegal holders of public disqualified for office
Public defaulters of disqualified for Legislature
Authority and manner of drawing from Treasury
Borrowed by State laws for and use of
Monopoly provisions against
Municipal Corporationssee City
N
Names of children changed by Courts
Navigation Companies chartered by Legislature
Navy of State Governor is Commander of
New trial in criminal cases authorizes second trial In criminal cases may be granted on conviction
May be granted by Superior and City Court
Counties not to be formed
Notaries Public commissioned part oi Judiciary
Appointment commission and powers
Novation of Charter what shall so operate
O
Oath of voter if challenged
Of member of General Assembly
Of Governor
To pleas
A S P
7 13 1
3 4 4
3 7 14
2 2 1
6 7 3
6 4 5
3 11
9 2
3 7 8
11 1 5
5 1 13
3 9 1
1 1 19
3 4 7
8 3 1
10 1 2
10 1 3
3 4 7
5 1 11
6 7 1
6 8 1
10 1 1
10 1 3
9 1 1
9 2 1
3 7 1
1 1 8
1 1 14
2 4 1
3 4 7
3 7 11
7 4 1
4 2 4
3 7 18
3 7 18
5 1 11
1 1 8
1 2 1
6 4 6
11 1 2
6 1 1
6 8 1
4 2 3
2 1 2
3 4 5
5 1 10
6 4 7
1
268
A S P
Obligation of contracts not to be impaired by law 1 3 2
Of contracts heretofore made by State binding 4 2 6
Office illegal holders of public money ineligible for 2 4 1
Who may not hold 2 2 1
Impeachment removes from and disqualifies for 3 5 5
Profiting from use of public money disqualifies for 7 9 1
Conviction of Duelling disqualifies for 2 4 2
Religious opinion does not disqualify for 1 1 13
In gift of Governor or Legislature legislator disqualified for 3 4 7
Malfeasance in disfranchises 2 2 1
Officers and trustees of the people and amenable to them 1 1 1
Of one department disqualifies to act in another 1 1 23
Returns of election of where made 2 6 1
Of State or the United States disqualified for Legislature 3 4 7
Of Militia or Justice of the Peace may be legislator 3 4 7
Of General Assembly who arei 5 11
Of Executive Department who are 3 8 1
Of Executive Department report suspension and removal of 5 1 18
Profiting from use of public fund punishable 7 91
Extra compensation to after service prohibited 7 16 2
Not to be interested in Public Printing 7 17 1
Not to levy on Homestead 9 2 1
Of County election removal and disqualification of 11 2 1
Of County to be uniform except Commissioners 11 3 1
Now existing to continue till successor qualified 12 1 7
Order passed by Legislator must have Governors approval 5 1 17
Ordinances rejected not to be again proposed unless by twothirds vote 3 7 13
Must have but one subject matter and same as title 3 7 8
Of the Convention authority of 12 1 3
Of the Convention to have effect of laws 12 1 8
See Ordinances in Appendix
Ordinary Courts of part of Judiciary4 6 11
Courts of jurisdiction of 6 6 1
Term of office 6 6 3
Origin of Government is with the people 1 1 1
P
Papers secure from search and seizure except as provided 1 1 16
Pardon removes political disabilities of convict 2 2 1
Of Duelists removes political disabilities of convictT 2 4 2
Power in Governor must report to the Legislature 5 1 12
Passage of bills reading necessary 3 7 7
Of Bills majority of all members necessary 3 7 14
Passenger Tariffrestriction on 4 2 15
Paupers jurisdiction of Ordinary 6 6 2
Affidavit relieves from costs in Supreme Court 6 21 1
Tax for support of 7 6
Pay see Compensation Salary
Peace soldiers not to be quartered in houses in time of 1 1 19
Governor is conservator of 5 1 12
Penitentiary crimes punishable in to be tried in Superior Court 6 4 1
Per diem of members of the Legislature 3 9 1
Perquisites not allowed officers Executive Department 5 2 7
Not allowed Attorney General 6 13 1
From use of public funds by officers punishable 7 9 1
269
Persons and property to be protected by Government
Not to be molested for religious opinions
Rights not to be affected but by due process of law
May prosecute or defend in person or by attorney
Charged with offenses rights of
Life or liberty not to be jeopardized but once for same crime
Houses and papers secure from illegal search
Personalty amount of exemption of from levy and sale
Petitions and remonstrance right of guaranteed
Pleas under oath in certain cases required
Police of the State right of people to regulate
Power not abridged in favor of corporations
Policyholders in Life Insurance Companies protected
Poll tax not to exceed one dollarp
Goes to Educational purposes
Practice in courts of same grade to be uniform
Precincts for elections how changed
President of Senate elected by Senate viva voce
Must sign acts1j
Per diemrig
Presides in joint session
Acts as Governor when
Press liberty of not to be curtailed
Printing public to be let to lowest bidder
Prisoners not to be abused
Tax for support of by counties
Private ways to be allowed only compensation paid
Acts authority of
Rights accrued by law authority of
Privileges special not to be irrevocably granted
Special not to be revoked so as to do injustice
Probate jurisdiction in Ordinary
Proceedings of Legislature to be kept in journals
Of courts of same grade to be uniform
Process of law necessary to affect persons in their rights
Proclamation of Governor calling extra session
Of Governor on Ratification of Constitutionj
Prohibition writs of issued by Judge of Superior Court
Prolongation of Legislative session by two thirds vote
Resolutions not submitted to Governor
Promissory notes suits on where tried
Property of persons not to be molested for religious opinions
Protection to shall be impartial and complete
Not taken for public use without compensation
Concealed by debtor to be reached by law
Of wife not subject to husbands debts s
List of exempt from tax
Amount of exempt from levy and sale
Protection to person and property paramount duty of Government
Prosecution rights of defendants in cases of
Provision waiver of exemption of restricted
Public Funds embezzlement of disfranchises
Officer not to receive profit from use of
Treasurer not to receive profit from use of
See Money
Public use of private property without compensation prohibited
A S P
1 1 2
1 1 13
1 1 3
1 1 4
1 1 6
1 1 8
1 1 16
9 1 1
1 1 24
6 4 7
1 5
4 2 2
3 12 13
7 2 3
8 3 1
6 9 1
3 7 11
3 5 8
3 7 13
3 9 3
3 10 1
5 1 1
1 1 18
7 17 5
1 1 9
7 6 2
1 3 1
12 1 4
12 1 5
1 3 2
1 3 3
6 6 1
3 7 4
6 9 1
1 1 3
5 1 13
13 2 2
6 4 5
3 4 6
3 7 23
6 16 5
1 1 13
1 1 2
1 3 1
1 2 6
3 11 1
7 2 2
9 1 1
1 1 2
1 1 5
9 3 1
2 2 1
7 9 1
5 2 5
1 3 1
270
A S P
Buildings jurisdiction of Ordinary 6 6 2
Buildings tax by county for authorized 7 6 2
Debt and institutions tax for 7 11
Property charitable institutions and libraries exempt from tax 7 2 2
Printing let to lowest bidder j 7 17 1
Printing officers of Government not to be interested in 7 17 1
School systemssee Education 8 11
Publication of ones sentiments right of not to be curtailed 1 1 15
Journal of General Assembly 3 7 4
Receipts and disbursements of Treasury 3 7 11
Intention to introduce Local Bills 3 7 15
Reports of Secretary of State Comptroller and Treasurer 7 15 1
Proposed amendment to Constitution 13 1 1
Punishment of crime by whipping or banishment prohibited 1 1
For contempt by Courts limited 1 1 20
Not to be cruel or unusual 119
Purchase of State Bonds with sinking fund 7 14 1
Money homestead liable for 9 2 1
Purchaser of Old Homestead how affected 9 8 1
Q
Qualification for Governor 5 1 7
For Senator 2 5 1
For Representative 3 6 1
Each House to judge of as to its own members 3 7 1
Of Secretary of State Comptroller and Treasurer 5 2 6
Judge Supreme and Superior Courts Solicitor and Attorney
General 6 14 11
County officers 11 2 1
Quarantine tax by county for expenses of 7 6 2
Quorum of each branch of Legislature is a majority 3 4 4
Of Supreme Court 6 2 1
R
Railroad may be incorporated by Legislature 3 7 18
Freights and Tariff subject to legislation 4 2 1
May build branch roads free from conditions of 4 2 3
Shall not deceive public as to rates 4 2 5
See Corporations
Railway Street not to run in City without its consent 3 7 20
Rates of freight and passage subject to legislation 4 2 1
Public not to be deceived as to amount charged 4 2 5
Realty Homestead of 9 11
Rebate of rates charged by Railroad not allowed 4 2 5
Recognizance when Legislature may relieve from forfeiture of 3 7 19
Reelection Governor not eligible for four years after two terms 5 12
Registration of Electors may be required by law 2 2 1
Rejection of nomination by Senate effect of 5 1 15
Of bill by Legislature effect of 3 7 13
Religious opinion civil and political rights not affected by 1 1 13
Denominations not to receive money from State 1 1 14
Worship places of may be exempt from tax 7 2 2
Remittance of sentence in power of Governor 5 1 12
Of forfeited Charter only on conditions 4 2 3
271
Remonstrance and petition right of guaranteed
Removal of legislator from district vacates his seat
Of disabilities in power of Governor
Of Secretary of State Comptroller and Treasurer
Of Justice of the Peace for malpractice
Of County Officers1
From office effect of impeachment
Repeating law form of
Reports of Insurance Companies to the Governor
Of Treasurer and Comptroller to the Governor
Representatives election and term of
Qualification of
House of part of General Assembly
Number and apportionment of members of
Apportionment how changed
Representatives House of Speaker of how elected
Clerk of compensation and bond of
Impeachment power vested in
Local and Special bills must originate in
Appropriation and Revenue bills must originate in
Journal ofseeJournal
Representation of Constitutional Convention apportionment of
Reprieve in power of Governor
Residence requisite to vote
Resignation of Governor who acts in case of
Resolutions of appropriation must be passed by yeas and nays
Requiring Governors approval
Requiring a two thirds vote yeas and nays must be recorded
Having effect by law result of rejection
Retroactive legislation prohibited
Returns of election of Legislators each House to judge for itself
To whom made
Of Governor how made
Of Governor how published
Of Secretary of State Comptroller and Treasurer
On ratification of Constitutioni
Revenue bills must originate in House of Representatives
Deficiencies of in State supplied by loans
Deficiencies of in County or City
And roads County Commissioners for
Rights not enumerated are not denied
Roads jurisdiction in Ordinary
Tax for keeping up by County
And revenue County Commissioners for
S
Sailor in U S Service not entitled to vote because not stationed here
Salary of Governor
Of Treasurer Secretary of State and Comptroller
Of Judges of Supreme and Superior Courts Attorney and Solicitors General
Of Judges of Supreme and Superior Courts how changed
Of State School Commissioner
Sale of States property proceeds to go to public debts
Exempt from J
A S P
1 1 24
3 4 8
5 1 12
5 1 18
7 3
11 2 1
3 5 5
3 7 17
3 12 5
7 15 1
3 4 12
3 6 1
3 1 1
3 3 1
3 2 2
3 6 2
3 8 1
3 6 3
3 7 15
3 7 10
13 1 2
5 1 12
2 1 2
5 1 8
3 7 12
5 1 17
3 7 21
3 7 13
1 3 2
3 7 1
2 6 1
5 1 4
5 1 1
5 2 5
13 2 2
3 7 10
7 3 1
7 7 1
11 3 1
1 5 1
6 6 1
7 6 2
11 3 1
2 1 2
5 1 2
5 22 3 4
6 13 1
6 13 2
8 2 1
7 13 1
9 1 1
272
A S
Of Homesteads how affected 9 3
Of old Homestead heretofore made ratified 9 8
Savannah errors of City Court of corrected in Supreme Court 6 2
Scire Facias writ of issued by Judge Superior Court 6 4
Schools Public how established by City or County 8 4
Public existing local system not affected 8 5
Not public may share school fund when 8 5
See Education
Seal Great use and design of 5 8
Search of persons houses and papers warrant for 1 1
Seconds in Duel on conviction disqualified for office 2 4
Secretary of State returns of election to be made to 2 1
Officer of Executive Department 5 1
Election of 5 2
Salary and Clerk hire of 5 2
Eligibility and Bond of 5 2
Perquisites to forbidden 5 2
Is keeper of Great SealIs 5 3
Senate compensation and bond of 3 8
Governor compensation of 5 1
Securities on forfeited recognizances when relieved 3 7
Seizure of persons and papers provisions against 1 1
Seminaries of learning may be exempt from tax 7 2
Senate is a branch of General Assembly 3 1
Consists of 51 members 3 2
May propose amendments to appropriation and revenue bills 3 7
Impeachment to be tried before 3 5
Senate nomination rejected by effect of 5 1
President and Secretary ofSee President and Secretary
Senatorial Districts number composition and change of 3 2 1
Senators number not to be increased 3 2
Election and term of 3 4
Qualification of 3 5
Sentence commuted or remitted by Governor 5 1
Servitude involuntary except as punishment for crime prohibited 1 1
Sessions of General AssemblySee General Assembly
Of Supreme Courti 6 2
Of Superior Courtj 6 4
Of JusticesCourt 6 7
Setting aside Homestead laws to be provided for 9 4
Shares in one corporation not enough to be bought by another to
monopolize 4 2
Shows special tax on goes to education purposes 8 3
Sinking fund provided for 7 14
Site of county how changedP 11 1
Slavery forbidden 1 1
Social status of citizens not subject of legislation 1 1
Soldiers not to be quartered in private houses except when 1 1
Of U S not to vote on account of being stationed here 2 1
Artificial limbs for maimed Confederates 7 1
Solicitors General term of office and duties of 6 11
Election by the LegislatureI 6 12
Salary of 6 13
Qualifications of 6 14
Speaker of House of Representatives how elected 3 6
Must sign Acts 3 7
P
1
1
5
5
1
1
1
1
18
2
9
1
1
3
6
7
1
1
19
19
16
2
1
1
10
3
15
23
3
12
1
12
17
5
8
2
1
4
1
1
4
17
18
19
2
1
12
1
1
1
2
13
373
A S P
Per diem of 3 9 1
Acts as Governor when5 18
Special law not to be enacted when provision is made by general law 14 1
Changing general law in particular cases how passed 14 1
For benefit of corporation conditional 4 2 3
Election of Governor 5 19
See Local
Speech Liberty of not to be curtailed 11 15
State aid to corporations or persons in any manner prohibited 7 5 1
State aid by donation prohibited 7 16 1
To religious denomination prohibited 1 1 14
Printer office abolished 7 17 1
State School Commission election and term 8 2 1
Statement of Treasurer to be publishedJ 3 7 11
Stockholder in corporation State county or city not to be 7 56 1
Street railroad not to run in city without consent of authorities 3 7 20
Suits may be brought by or against counties 11 1 1
Against State to test void or Confederate bonds prohibited 7 11 1
See Venue
Superior Court is part of Judiciary 6 11
Jurisdiction of exclusive 6 4 1
Jurisdiction of general and appellate 6 4 34
Jurisdiction of to issue extra writs 6 4 5
Appeal and new trials inj 6 4 6
Appeal from Ordinary to 6 6 1
Appeal from Justices to 6 7 2
Sessions of 6 4 8
Judge one for each circuit and term of 6 3 1
Election of 6 12 1
Salary and qualification of 6 1314 1
May change venue when j 6 17 1
May preside in Supreme Court when 6 2 2
May preside in City Court when 6 5 1
Appoints Notary Public ex officio Justice of the Peace 6 8 1
Sanctions sale of Homesteads 9 38 1
Supplemental Homesteads laws to be provided for 9 5 1
Supreme Court part of Judiciary 6 1 1
Constitution of1 6 2 1
Jurisdiction sessions and practice 6 25 67
Cost in and paupersaffidavitk 6 21 1
Judges election and term 6 2 4
Judges election and vacancies how filled 6 12 1
Salary and qualifications of 6 1314 1
When disqualified in particular case 6 2 2
Suspension from office of Secretary of State Comptroller and Treasurer 5 1 18
T
Tax to be paid before voting 2 12
Defaulters ineligible to Legislature 3 4 7
By County Ordinarys jurisdiction 6 6 2
By county or city to meet bonded indebtedness 7 7 2
By county or city for school purposes 8 4 1
By county limited to certain purposes 7 6 2
May be imposed by Legislature for what purpose 7 1 1
274
A S1P
Must be uniform ad valorem and by general law 7 2 1
On domestic animals of vicious nature 7 2 1
Exemptions from other exemptions void 7 2 24
Poll for educational purposes 7 2 3
Special for educational purposes 8 3 1
States power to impose not to be restrained 4 11
Of corporations not to be surrendered 7 2 5
To raise a Sinking Fund 7 14 1
Lien good against Homestead 9 2 1
Act Authority of 12 1 3
Act must originate in the House 3 7 10
Telegraph Companies may be incorporated by Legislature 3 7 18
Terms of office of Governor 5 12
Secretary of State Comptroller and Treasurer 5 2 1
Judge of Supreme Court 6 2 4
Judge of Superior Court 6 3 13
Justice of the Peace 6 7 1
Ordinary 6 6 3
Attorney and SolicitorGeneral 6 1011 1
State School Commissioner 8 2 1
County Officers 11 2 1
Members of General Assembly 3 4 1
Testimony criminating himself witness not obliged to give 1 16
Title law must not contain matter different from 3 7 8
To land cases involving where brought 6 16 2
To land cases involving jurisdiction in Superior Court 6 4 1
Treason what is and how convicted of 1 2 2
Conviction of disfranchise 2 2 1
Pardon respite or commutation for 5 1 12
Treasurer election and term of office 5 2 1
Examination by Governor 5 1 18
Officer of Executive Department 5 11
Removal of 5 1 18
Perquisites not allowed 5 2 7
Fee other than salary not allowed to 5 2 5
Salary and Clerks hire of 5 2 2
Bond and qualification of 5 2 6
To receive deposits from Fire Insurance Companies 3 12 4
To make quarterly reports to Governor1 7 15 1
And Governor authorized to loan Sinking Fund 7 14 1
Draw money from Treasury in what manner 3 7 11
Treaty force and authority of 12 1 1
Trial a speedy and impartial one is the right of defendant 1 1 5
By jury remains inviolate 6 18 1
Tribunals in the various counties to be uniform 11 3 1
Trustees of the people public officers are 111
The University of Georgia may accept donations etc 8 6 1
Families of minor children entitled to Homestead 9 11
U
Unexpired terms of Governor special elections 5 1 9
Judges of Supreme Court 6 2 4
Judges Supreme and Superior Courts Attorney and Solicitor
General 6 12 1
Uniformity required in operation of general laws 14 1
275
In county officers andftribunals jj 3
In courts of same grade j5 g
In taxation 7 2
University of Georgia appropriation to8 6
United States Constitution acts in violation of voidII 1 4
Treaties and laws authority of 12 1
Soldiers not entitled to vote for being stationed here 2 1
y
Vacancy in office of Governor 5 2
Judge of Supreme Court6 2
Judge of Superior Courtr6 3
Judge of Supreme and Superior Courts and Solicitor General 6 12
Members General Assembly 5 1
Governor may fill when not otherwise provided 5 1
Validity of bonds not to be tried by Judge who is interestedI I 6 2
Declared void by Constitution not subject to suit 7 11
Valuation of Homestead laws to be provided for 9 4
Venue in cases of divorce 6 16
Of land titles 5 10
Of Equity 111111111111111111 6 16
Against joint obligors acceptors endorser etc 6 16
Civil and criminal generally 0 10
Civil and criminal changed how 0 17
Verdicts judgments without when 0 4
First and second in divorce cases 1 0 15
Veto of Governor overruled by two thirds voteII 6 7
Viva voce voting by General Assembly 3 10
Void bonds of State not to be paid 7 jj
Volunteer companies organization of 10 1
Not paid unless called out by State 10 1
Vote by people shall be by ballot 2 1
Who is entitled toOath of voter 2 1
Who is not entitled to 2 2
By General Assembly to be viva voce 3 10
Of twothirds being required yeas and nays must be recorded 37 Of twothirds being required does not do away with Governors
approval 3 7
Of twothirds overrides Governors veto 3 7
Of General Assembly having effect of law submitted to Governor 5 1
Of General Assembly in elections must appear in House Journalr 3 10
W
Waiver of Homestead 8 3
Of old exemption 9 5
War bonded debt may be increased for purpose of 7 12
Debt of county or city for may be assumed by State 7 8
Debt may be contracted to defend State in time of 7 3
Quartering soldiers in house in time of 1 1
Tax to defend State in time of 7
Warrant for search how obtained 1 1
Ways private may be granted after compensation paid 1 3
P
1
1
1
1
2
1
2
8
4
2
1
13
14
3
1
1
1
2
3
45
6
1
7
1
23
1
1
2
3
1
2
1
1
21
23
23
17
1
1
1
1
1
1
19
16
1
276
Wearing apparel waiver of exemption on limited
Western Atlantic R R if sold proceeds how applied
Whipping as punishment for crime prohibited
White and colored public schools to be separate
Widows pensions provided for
Wifes property is her separate estate after marriage
Wild Land Clerk compensation of
Witnesses in criminal cases rights of defendants as to
Not compelled to criminate themselves
Two necessary to convict of treason
Worship of God may be according to conscience
Place of may be exempt from tax
Y
YEAS AND NAYS TO BE RECORDED IN JOURNAL
At request of onefifth
On appropriation bills and resolutions
When twothirds vote is required
On amendments to Constitution
A S P
9 3 1
7 13 1
1 1 1
8 1 1
7 1 1
3 11 1
5 2 4
1 1 5
1 1 6
1 2 2
1 1 12
7 2 2
3 7 6
3 7 12
3 7 21
13 1 1
277

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