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MANUAL
OF THE
GENERAL ASSEMBLY
OF
THE STATE OF GEORGIA
19051906
EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT STATE OF GEORGIA
J M TERRELL Governor
BENJAMIN M BLACKBURN Secretaries Executive A C RILEY J Department
W E IRVINPrivate Secretary
S W HARRIS AdjutantGeneral
A A HALLK P B G
PHILIP COOK Secretary of State
WILLIAM A WRIGHTComptrollerGeneral
RE PARK Treasurer
JNO C HART AttorneyGeneral
W B MERRITT State School Commissioner
1 G HUDSONCommissioner of Agriculture
W S YEATES State Geologist
C J WELLBORNState Librarian
PRISON COMMISSION J S TURNER Chairman CLEMENT A EYAN8 THOS EASON
J C MOORE Warden GOODLOE YANCEY
RAILROAD COMMISSI L P BROWN Chairm H WARNER HILL JOS M BROWN GEO P MONTGOM
MEMBERS AND OFFICERS OF
THE SENATE OF GEORGIA
J905 and 1906
President
pV W S WEST 6th District Valdosta
President Pro Tempore
J F L BOND 30th District
Secretary
CHARLES S NORTHEN Atl ANTA Assistant Secretary
CHARLES P HANSELL Thomasville Chief Clerk
GUERRY BRANNON Georgetown Messenger
FLYNN HARGETT Columbus Doorkeeper
JESSE W GREEN Turnerville
o
First DistrictChatham Bryan and Effingham
J E FOY Egypt
Second DistrictLiberty McIntosh and Tattnall
J L FOSTER Darien
Third DistrictWayne Pierce and Appling
E L WALKER Biackshear
Fourth DistrictGlynn Camden and Charlton
D P ROSE OwensFerry
Fifth DistrictWare Clinch and Coffee
F B SIRMANS Homerville
Sixth DistrictEchols Lowndes and Berrien
W S WEST Valdosta
Seventh DistrictBrooks Thomas and Colquitt
S S BENNET Quitman
Eighth DistrictDecatur Mitchell and Miller
J L HAND Pelham
Ninth DistrictEarly Calhoun and Baker
R B ODUMv Newton
Tenth DistrictDougherty Lee and Worth
C RUGER WESTBROOKAlbany
Eleventh DistrictClay Randolph and Terrell
W A McALLISTERFort Gaines
Twelfth DistrictStewart Webster and Quitman
W W FITZGERALDOmaha
Thirteenth DistrictSumter Schley and Macon
CRAWFORD WHEATLEY Americus
Fourteenth DistrictDooly Wilcox Pulaski and Dodge
D A R CRUM Cordele
Fifteenth DistrictMontgomery Telfair and Irwin
G M WILCOX McRae

7
Sixteenth DistrictLaurens Emanuel and JohnsonV
B G FORTNER T Kite V
Seventeenth DistrictScreven Bulloch and Burke
H B STRANGE Statesboro
Eighteenth DistrictRichmond Glascock and Jefferson
H A WILLIAMS I Gibson
Nineteenth DistrictTaliaferro Green and Warren
Z E A COPELANGreensboro Twentieth DistrictBaldwin Hancock and Washington
L A GRAYBILL Oconee
Twentyfirst DistrictTwiggs Wilkinson and Jones
G H CARSWELLIrwinton
Twentysecond DistrictBibb Monroe and Pike
E H BLOOD WORTHBarnesville
Twentythird DistrictHouston Crawford and Taylor
jC WV E STEED Butler
Twentyfourth DistrictMuscogee Marion and Chattahoochee
Y MILLER Columbus
Twentyfifth DistrictHarris Upson and Talbot
JNO T PARKER Prattsburg
Twentysixth DistrictSpalding Butts and Fayette
X A O BLALOCKFayetteville
Twentyseventh DistrictNewton Walton Clarke Qeonee and Rockdale
X J Y CARITHERS Athens
Twentyeighth DistrictJasper Putnam and Morgan
Y geo W ADAMS rEatontoii
Twentyninth DistrictWilkes Columbia McDuffia and Lincoln
J R HOGANAgnes
Thirtieth DistrictOglethorpe Madison and Elbert
J J F L BONDDanielsville
Thirtyfirst DistrictHart Habersham and Franklin
i T PEYTON Mfc Airy
Thirtysecond DistrictWhite Dawson and Lumpkin JESSE E LUMSDEN Sautee
Thirtythird DistrictHall Banks and Jackson
JV P F M FURR Silver Shoals
Thirtyfourth DistrictGwinnett DeKalb and Henry
C M CANDLERDecatur
Thirtyfifth DistrictCobb Fulton and Clayton
A C BLALOCK Jonesboro
Thirtysixth DistrictCampbell Coweta Meriwether and Douglas
C S REIDPalmetto
Thirtyseventh DistrictCarroll Heard and Troun
J B WARE Hogansville
Thirtyeighth DistrictHaralson Polk and Paulding
Z W C BUNNCedartown
Thirtyninth DistrictMilton Cherokee and Forsyth
W D MILLS Canton
Fortieth DistrictUnion Towns and Rabun
E E A HAMBY Clayton
Fortyfirst DistrictPickens Fannin and Gilmer
G W PHILLIPS Pierceville
Fortysecond DistrictBartow Floyd and Chattooga
W S McHENRY Rome
Fortythird DistrictMurray Jordon and Whitfield
r 0 N KINGSpring Place
Fortyfourth DistrictWalker Dade and Catoosa
J S ALSOBROOKWood Station
STANDING COMMITTEES
OF THE SENATE
Hand Walker Furr Sirmans McAllister Fitzgerald Wheatley AGRICULTURE Hogan Chairman Reid Vice Miller Phillips Peyton Rose Ware Parker Crum AUDITING Copelan Chairman
Blalock 35th King
Wilcox Sirmans Foster Odom Crum Foy Bunn APPROPRIATIONS Hand Chairman Candler Vice Steed Blalock 26th Reid Carithers Bloodworth McHenry Alsobrook
12
ACADEMY OF THE BLIND
Bose Foy Furr Alsobrook Chairman Phillips Graybill Williams
ACADEMY FOB THE DEAF AND DUMB
Ale Alii ster Fortner Strange Wilcox Chairman Carswell Parker McHenry
Bloodworth Wheatley BANKS Blalock 35th Chairman Wilcox Carithers
CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENTS
Bond Drum Walker Bennett Miller Chairman Steeu Blalock 26th Bunn
13
CORPORATIONS Odom Chairman
Bums den
Adams
Peyton
Furr
Ware
Hamby
Strange
Carswell
Bond
EDUCATION AND PUBLIC SCHOOLS
King
Bnnn
Linns den Hogan
Adams
C anthers Blalock 26th Copeland
Bennett Chairman Hamby Vice
Crum
Fitzgerald
Westbrook
Hand
Walker
Foster
Steed
Crum
King
Williams
McAllister
Wheatley
Strange
ENGROSSING
Westbrook Chairman
Adams
Hogan
McHenry
ENROLLMENT Odom Chairman
Carswell
Walker
14
FINANCE
Blalock 26th Chairman Carithers Vice
Hjand Walker
Miller King
Copeland Bond
Wheatley Reid
McAllister Lumsden
Westbrook Candler
Bennett Blalock 35th
Rose
HALLS AND COMMITTEE ROOMS Furr Chairman
Odom Strange
HYGIENE AND SANITATION
Alsobrook Chairman
Fitzgerald Graybill
Fortner Mills
Williams
IMMIGRATION AND LABOR
McHenry Chairman
Miller
Bunn
Lumsden
Peyton
Carswell
King
Bloodworth
Hand
Fitzgerald
Copelan
15
INTERNAL IMPROVEMENTS
Carswell Chairman
iStrange Mills
Williams Parker
Phillips
JUDICIARYGENERAL
Berms Chairman
Crtjm Vice
Bennett Miller
Reid Westbrook
Odom King
Rose Candler
Steed Hand
Blalock 26th McHenry
Hamby Walker
Bond Strange
JUDICIARYSPECIAL
Walker Chairman
Bond Mills
Westbrook Wilcox
Hamby Foy
Reid Peyton
Rose
16
JOURNAL
Westbrook Adams Chairman Strange MANUFACTURES
Carithers Hand Foy Foster Candler Chairman Copelan Bloodworth Graybilh MILITARY AFFAIRS
Westbrook Foy Wheatley Williams Foster Chairman Blalock 35th Miller Bloodworth MINES AND MINING
Bunn Hamby Peyton Ltjmsden Chairman McHenry Phillips
NEW COUNTIES AND COUNTY LINES
Bunn King Copelan Wheatly Chairman Hogan Rose Bennett
17

PENITENTIARY
Sibmans Chairman Steed Vice
Furr Phillips
Alsobrook Lumsden
Fortner Wilcox
Ware Hamby
McAllister King
Graybill Hogan
Rose Blalock 35th
Steed Westbrook
Parker Odum
Peyton PENSIONS WestBbook Chairman
Bennett Blalock 35th
Carswell Fitzgerald
Miller Hamby
Bond PETITIONS Steangke Chairman
Adams Mills
PRIVILEGES AND ELECTIONS Fobtnee Chairman
Ware
Reid
Mills
Adams
18
PRIVILEGES OF THE FLOOR
Williams Chairman
Bond Odom
PUBLIC LIBRARY
Reid Chairman
Carithers Candler
PUBLIC PRINTING Foy Chairman Graybill Parker
PUBLIC PROPERTY ETC
Blalock 35th Chairman
Foster Simians
RAILROADS
Rose Chairman
Wilcox Peyton
Bennett Hogan
Crum Carithers
Hand Bloodworth
Sinn ans Blalock 26th
Foster Ware
McHenry Wheatley
Miller King
Bunn
19
RULES
Me Peesident Chairmap
Rumi
Hand
Crum
Blalock 26th 3
Walker
Bennett
Westbrook
STATE OF THE REPUBLIC
Phillips Chairman
Bennett Graybill
Fitzgerald Williams Reid
A lsobrook STATE SANATORIUM Hamby Chairman Millee Vice Sirmans
Graybill Phillips
Furr Copelan
Hogan Fortner
Adams Wilcox
Steed Fitzgerald
Foster McAllister
20
TEMPERAN CE
King Chairman
Ware Copelan
Foster Carswell
Hand Steed
Wheatley Lnmsden
Crum McHenry
E ortner Hamby UNIVERSITY OF GEORGIA Steed Chairman
Westbrook Carithers
Candler Miller
Bond Eurr
Hogan
WESTERN AND ATLANTIC RAILROAD Crum Chairman
Hand McHenry
W ilcox Candler
Foy Alsohrook
Reid
THE PRESIDENT
Rule 1 The President shall in his discretion suspend Discretion
of Presi
irrelevant debate and command silence whenever he may dent deem it needful
Rule 2 In all cases of election by the Senate the Presi when dent shall vote In other cases he shall not vote unlessshaU the Senate shall be equally divided or unless his vote if given to the minority will make the division equal and in case of such equal division the question shall be lost But in all cases where a fixed constitutional ote is required to pass the bill or measure under consideration and said bill or measure shall lack only one vote to pass the same the President may vote
Rule 3 When two or more Senators shall rise at theiatto same time the President shall name the Senator entitled to be decided
by the
proceed President
Rule 4 All committees shall be appointed by the President unless otherwise ordered by the Senate committee
Rule 5 The method of stating the question or any tion by the President shall be as follows All in favor the motion will say Aye Those opposed will say No dentAnd when a decision may seem doubtful to the President or a division of the Senate is called for by any one member of the Senate the Preside at shall call upon the Senators in favor of the motion to rise and after a count is had by the Secretary he shall call upon the Senators to reverse their positions and the President shall announce the result
Rule 6 The President may during a days sitting President
J 1 may name
name any Senator to perform the duties of the Chair during any part of that sitting but no longer
24
Duty of Rule 7 Whenever from any cause the President shall when be absent the President pro tempore shall preside and if is absent both shall be absent the Secretary of the Senate shall call the Senate to order and shall preside until a President pro tempore shall be elected which said election shall be the first business of the Senate The President pro tempore thus elected shall preside until the return of one of the first named officers when his functions shall cease
When no Rule 8 On all appeals on questions of order of a perappeaLn sonal character there shall be no debate
Appeals to Rule 9 All appeals from the decisions of the Chair shall once at be made immediately and no appeal shall be in order after other business has intervened from the time of the alleged error of the Chair and before said appeal is sought to be made
Power of Rule 10 The President shall have power to suspend
Kftnd the Messenger and Doorkeepers for misconduct or neglect dinate offi of duty and when such suspension has been made he shall report the same to the Senate within twentyfour hours thereafter for such action as the Senate may see fit to take in the premises
who Rule 11 The President shall have power to cause the
mayorder galleries and lobbies of the Senate cleared by the MesILnobbies senger and Doorkeepers in case of disturbance or disorderly conduct therein and to cause any person or persons so offending to be arrested and brought before the bar of the Senate to be dealt with for contempt of the Senate
No tpiorum Rule 12 When less than a quorum vote on any subject 5ty ff under consideration by the Senate the President may order
ftesWeDt the door of the Senate to be closed and the roll of Senators called by the Secretary and if it is ascertained that a quorum is present either by answering to their names or by their presence in the Senate and if any Senator present then refu es to vote unless excused such refusal shall be when deemed a contempt of the Senate
JsTorder Ruie 13 The President may at any time order the roll
vote taken
MdMys called on any question and take the vote by yeas and nays
25
where a division of the Senate discloses the fact that a quorum of the Senate has not voted
Rule 14 All questions as to priority of business to be Decision acted on shall be decided by the President without debateions of
J priority
ON DECORUM AND DEBATE
Rule 15 When any Senator is about to speak in debate gators 01 or deliver any matter to the Senate he shall arise from hisin debateseat and respectfully address himself to Mr President
He shall be confined to matter in debate shall not speak more than twice on any subject nor more than once until every member choosing to speak shall have spoken If any Senator in speaking or otherwise transgress the rules of the Senate the President shall call him to order in which case the Senator so called to order shall immediately sit down unless permitted to explain The Senate shall if Appeals appealed to decide and if the decision of the Senate be not submitted to the delinquent for the first offence shall be reproved for the second fined in a sum not exceeding ten dollars and continuing refractory may be expelled Expulsion from the Senate by a twothirds vote of the Senators which Seerule 147 said vote shall be taken by aves and nays
Rule 16 If any Senator be called to order for words ExcePtion spoken the words excepted to shall be taken down in writsPken ing by the Secretary and read then admitted denied or explained by the Senator who spoke and thereupon the question of order shall be decided and such other proceedings had as the Senate may deem proper in regard thereto But no Senator shall be held to answer or be subject to the ensure of the Senate for words spoken in debate if any other Senator has spoken or other business has intervened after the words were spoken and before the exception to them was taken
Rule 17i The members of the Senate shall forbear fromsiienc private conversation and preserve silence until a speaking Senator shall have taken his seat
dsignt Rule 18 The Senators shall avoid naming each other tore a when they may have occasion to take notice of their observations but may designate them by the districts they represent
shall not Rule 19 No Senator shall vote upon any question in the
vote when L 1
iteruitd result of which he is personally interested and in every case where the seat of a Senator is being contested the sitting Senator and the contestant shall both retir from the Senate before the vote is taken
Protects Rule 20 Any Senator may have entered on the Journal a protest in writing against the action of the Senate said protest shall clearly and succinctly set forth the grounds ot such protest and shall not be argumentative nor arraign nor irppugn the motive of the Senate nor any member thereof
ffithise Rule 21 No Senator shall pass between the Chair and a ancfatati Senator while he is speaking nor shall any Senator at the journment me 0f adjournment leave his seat until the President reMatters tires
Rule 22 No Senator shall in debate refer to any pri
Commit 7 J r
tees and vate con versation had with another Senator or to any mat
private 7 J
tforTnoTto which have transpired in any committee or in the
be referred genate
Applause Rule 23 Applause or hisses in the Senate chamber or in forbidden the galleries or lobby during any speech or legislative proceedings shall be promptly suppressed
No debate Rule 24 During the calling or reading of ayes and nays
during a ts o j j
naysand on any question no debate shall be had
Only one Rule 25 No Senator can make more than one motion at bemadeata time and while the motion is being put to the Senate he time must resume his seat and he is not further entitled to the floor unless again recognized by the President
Expiana Rule 26 No Senator having asked and obtained leave of the Senate to explain his vote on any question before the Senate shall be allowed more than ten minutes for such explanation unless said time is extended by a vote of the Seaate
27
Rule 27 When the reading of any paper is called for Reading of
J r r papers
and the same is objected to by any Senator it shall be determined by a vote of the Senate and this motion shall be decided without debate
Rule 28 A motion to excuse a Senator from voting Motion to must be made before the Senate divides or before the call when
made
of the yeas and nays is commenced and it shall be decided without debate except that the Senator making the motion may briefly state the reason why in his opinion it ought to prevail
DIVISION OF A QUESTION
Rule 29 Any one Senator may call for a division of the call for question on a subject in which the sense thereof will admit of it
Rule 30 The Senator calling for a division must state Division
y Vi i i how made
into how many and definitely what parts he would have
the question divided Each part of the divided proposition
must be so distinct that if taken away the remainder can
stand by itself and be consistent and entire
BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS
Rule 31 All bills and resolutions shall be called in theBllsand order in which they stand on the calendar and before read nldht119 ing any bill or resolution the second or third time theorder Secretary shall distinctly state its number and the name of the Senator by whom introduced
Rule 32 No debate shall be admitted upon any bill at Question the first reading and the question shall be Shall this bill reading be committed or engrossed In case of engrossment the entry thereof shall be made by the secretary and the bill shall not be amended thereafter unless subsequently committed In cases where the report of a committee is fav Effect of orable to the passage of the bill the sahae shall be read a report of
second time and passed to a third reading without question
Where the report of a committee is adverse to the passage report of
committee
28
of a bill on the second reading thereof the question shall be on agreeing to the report of the committee If the report of the committee is agreed to the bill shall be lost If the report of the committee is disagreed to the bill shall Bills when be passed to a third reading unless recommitted Any bill may be withdrawn at any stage thereof by consent of the Senate
Transrms Rule 33 No bill or resolution shall be transmitted to House by the House on the day of the passage thereof unless a mamajoniy jorjy 0f the Senators present shall so order
Bills when Rule 34 No bill shall be printed until after the same printed kag been reported to the Senate by the committee to which it has been referred or by request of said committee and the order of the Senate agreeing thereto
Bills ana Rule All bills and resolutions shall be written or loheuin0ns printed and shall have the name of the Senator introducwriting the game ag weu as the district he represents indorsed
How in on the back of the same and in the cgse of bills the caption dorsed gall also be indorsed on the same
Rule 36 Where a bill or a resolution has been referred
Reports of
teesmorder and reported by more than one committee or has been ofaction reprted on and recommitted to the same committee the last committee report shall be acted on by the Senate
PRECEDENCE OF MOTIONS
o derof Rule 37 When any subject is before the Senate for jHTocedence consideration or under debate no motion shall be received except the following to wit
1st A motion to adjourn
2d i A motion to lay on table
3d A motion for the previous question
4th A motion to postpone indefinitely
5th A motion to postpone to a day certain
6th A motion to commit
7th A motion to amend
Which said several motions shall have precedence in the order named
29
MOTION TO ADJOURN
r i o o a t T Notdebat
Kuie oo A motion to adjourn is in no instance deabiewhem batable nor shall said motion be made a second time until renewed further progress has been made in the business before the Senate
Rule 39 A motion to adjourn to a particular day or debatablefor a particular time is debatable
Rule 40 The motion to adjourn can be made at any when time when the Senator moving it can legitimately obtain the floor
Rule 41 A motion to adjourn may be made after thehrot motion for the previous question has been sustained but when the Senate has voted that the main question shall be now put no motion to adjourn is in order nor shall any motion to adjourn be in order after the Secretary has called the first name of the yeas and nays and a vote of one Senator has been given or after a division of the Senate has been had on a vote and the vote is in process of being counted and announced
Rule 42 When a motion to adjourn in its simple form Effect of
r adjourn
prevails it adjourns the Senate to the next sitting day ormenttime in course
Rule 43 Whenever the hour of adjournment as fixed adjounby a prior resolution shall arrive while the vote of the whatWSenate is being taken by the yeas and nays the session pones shall continue until the finalvote is taken and announced and if said fixed hour of adjournment shall arrive while the Senate is acting on the main question after a motion for the previous question has been sustained and before the vote on the main question is being taken either by a division or by the yeas and nays as aforesaid the Senate shall stand adjourned by virtue of said prior resolution
80
MOTIONS TO LAY ON THE TABLE
Amendment or
anouje Bill 44 No motion to lay an amendment or substitute oie on ta on the table shall be in order
How mat Rule 45 A majority of a quorum voting may take taken1 from from the table at any time when the Senate is not engaged
table J
on any other measure any bill resolution or other paper which has been ordered to lie on the table
when re Rule 46 A motion to lay on the table or to take
mewed f
from the table can be renewed from time to time when new business has intervened between the votes
Not debat Rule 47 Neither the motion to lay on the table nor
Die or J
amendable the motion to take from the table is debatable or amendable
Stabled1 Rule 48 Nothing can be legitimately laid on the table excepting what can be taken up again when in Rule 49 A motion to lay on the table may be made after the motion for the previous question has been sustained but when the Senate has voted that the main question shall be now put no motion to lay on table is in order
THE MOTION FOR THE PREVIOUS QUESTION Effect of Rule 50 The motion for the previous question shall be
previous a A
question decided without debate and shall take precedence of all other motions except motions to adjourn or to lay on the table and when it is moved the first question shall be Shall the call for the previous question be sustained If this be decided by a majority vote in the affirmative the motion to adjourn or to lay on the table can still be made but they must be made before the next question to wit Shall the main question be wow put is decided in the affirmative and after said last question is affirmatively decided by a majority vote said motions will be out of order and the Senate cannot adjourn until the previous question is exhausted or the regular hour of adjournment arrives
1
31
Rule 51 When the previous question has been ordered Ynutes the Senate shall then proceed to act on the main question without debate except that before the main question is put twenty minutes shall be allowed to the committee whose report of the bill or other measure is under consideration to close the debate When the report of the committee is adverse to the passage of the bill or other measure the introducer of the bill shall be allowed twenty minutes before the time allowed to the committee for closing the debate The Chairman of the committee or the introducer of the bill or other measure may yield the floor to such Senators as he may indicate for the time or any part of it allowed under this rule
Rule 52 After the main question is ordered any Sen Vohow ator may call for a division of the Senate in taking the vote or may call for the yeas and nays but on all questions Yeas and on which the yeas and nays are called the assent of one neces fifth of the number present shall be necessary to sustain the call and when such call is sustained the yeas and nays hall be entered on the Journal
Rule 53 The effect of the order that the main ques Effect of
main question be now put is to bring the Senate to a vote on penduon being
ing questions in the order in which they stood before it
was moved
Rule 54 After the main question has been ordered no erctidrnotion to reconsider shall be in order until after the vote on 11 the main question is taken and announced
Rule 55 In all cases of contested election where there tested is a majorityand a minority report from the committee on
privileges and elections if the previous question is ordered there shall be twenty minutes allowed to the member ofsaid committee whose name is first signed to said minority report or to such member or members as he may indicate for the time so allowed or any part of it before the twenty minutes allowed to the Chairman submitting the majority report
32
Howcalled Rule 56 The previous question may be called and ordered lered upon a single motion or an amendment or it may be made to embrace all authorized motions or amendments and include the entire bill to its passage or rejection
can of the Rule 57 A call of the Senate shall not be in order when in after the previous question is ordered unless it shall appear upon am actual count by the President that a quorum is not presents
Questions Rule 58 All incidental questions of order arising after f rder a motion is made for the previous question and pending such motion shall be decided whether on appeal or otherwise without debate
motions to indefinitely postpone
Effect Rule 59 When a bill resolution or other measure is under consideration on the final reading thereof a motion to indefinitely postpone if decided in the affirmative by a majority of a quorum thereby disposes of said bill resolution or other measure for the session
Not Rule 60 The motion to indefinitely postpone lays open
the whole question for debate but it can not be amended
When Rule 61 While the motion to indefinitely postpone
applied takes precedence over a motion to postpone to a day certain or to commit or amend yet this motion can not be applied to said motions nor can it be applied to incidental questions such as questions of order reading of papers withdrawal of a motion and suspension of a rule
Notre Rule 62 No motion to indefinitely postpone shall be renewed on any bill resolution or other measure after the same has once been voted down
MOTION TO POSTPONE TO A DAY CERTAIN
Debate Rule 63 On a motion to postpone to a day certain it howafnd is not in order to debate the merits of the question prol0WeL posed to be postponed Debate may be allowed but it shall be confined strictly to the proposition to postpone and to show why one day is preferred to another
33
MOTION TO COMMIT
Rule 64 Motions to commit may be made to refer a Motion
J commit
bill resolution or other measure to a standing or special committee
Rule 65 A motion to commit to a standing committee Prece
dence ot
takes precedence over a motion to commit to a special committee and shall be first voted on
Rule 66 On a motion simply to commit no debate When deI shall be allowed but where instructions are added the
merits of the question can be debated
Rule 67 A motion to commit may be amended bv How
J amended
adding instructions or by substituting another committee
for the one named by the Senator making the motion
Rule 68 Any proposition that has been referred to any Motion to committee either standing or special may on motion berecommlfc recommitted to the same or any other committee by a majority of a quorum
MOTIONS TO AMEND
Rule 69 There are three ways in which a proposition Amendi j j A mentsbow
may be amended to wit made
1st By inserting or adding words
2d By striking out words
3d By striking out and inserting words
An amendment is itself subject to be amended in all
i three of the ways above mentioned but it is not admissible
to amend an amendment to an amendment
Rule 70 When a bill or resolution is before the Senate Bin first for consideration and amendments are pending theretoiSihe and a substitute shall be offered for said bill or resolution and an amendment shall be offered to said substitute it shall be in order for the Senate to first perfect the original bill or resolution and then perfect the substitute The question shall then be on agreeing to the substitute as amended if it be amended and if decided in the affirmative the question shall be Shall this bill pass or resolution be adopted as the case may be by substitute
3 m
34
when too Rule 71 An amendment can not be offered after the
late to
amend report of the committee to whom was referred the bill or resolution under consideration has been agreed to by the Senate unless said action of the Senate in so agreeing to said report of said committee shall first be reconsidered
Must be m Rule 72 All motions to amend any matter before the
writing J JT
Senate must be in writing and must plainly and distinctly set forth the amendment desired and the part of the bill or resolution where said amendment shall be inserted or added
Priority Rule 73 On all questions whether in committee or in the Senate the last amendment the most distant day and the largest sum shall be first put
Blanks Rule 74 Where blanks occur in any proposition thej must be filled first before any motion is made to amend
caption Rule 75 The caption or preamble of a bill or resolu
wlien L
amended on shan not be considered or amended until the measure has been perfected
Amending Rule 76 When a proposition consisting of several sections tions or resolutions is on a final reading and the Senate shall agree to a motion to consider the same by sections or paragraphs the Secretary in reading the same shall pause at the end of each section or resolution and the amendments thereto shall be offered as the several sections or resolutions are read but the amendments offered by the committee to whom said bill or resolution was referred shall be read by the Secretary without any motion being made in the Senate and when a section or resolution shall have been considered it is not in order to recur back and amend it
Amend Rule 77 When a motion is made to amend by striking striking out and inserting the Secretary shall read the paragraph as sertmg y en the words to be stricken out and finally the whole paragraph as it would be if amended priority of Rule 78 When a motion is made to amend by strikment to ing out a paragraph any amendment offered to perfect the perfect paragraph shall be put first before the question is put for
striking it out
35
Rule 79 When any bill or resolution which originated esdla in the Senate has been amended in the House and is before 2d the Senate for action on the House amendment an amendment may be offered in the Senate to the House amendn tnsnt but the Senate amendment to the House amendment
cannot be further amended it must be agreed to or voted see rule 13 down
Rule 80 A motion to amend an amendment made byPriority the House to a Senate bill or resolution takes precedence of a motion to agree or disagree to said amendment
Rule 81 The questions which arise before the Senate Priorityf
questions
respecting amendments by the House to a Senate bill ornse resolution are ments
1 1st A motion to agree to the House amendment
2d A motion to disagree to the House amendment
3d A motion to recede from its disagreement or amendment
4th A motion to insist on its disagreement or amendment
5th A motion to adhere to its disagreement or amendment
They take precedence in the above order
RECONSIDERATION
Rule 82 When the Journal of the preceding day shallMotiont
o j reconsider
be read it shall be in the power of any Senator to move for a reconsideration of any matter therein contained except such matter has been previously reconsidered provided such Senator shall notify the Senate of his intention to move such reconsideration at any time before the Journal is confirmed
Rule 83 The notice of a motion to reconsider shall not Shan not be withdrawn after the time has elapsed within which it raw might originally have been made
Rule 84 No matter shall be reconsidered more than When there
may be one reconsideration
once
36
when in Rule 85 Motions for reconsideration shall be in order
order
immediately after the confirmation of the Journal on the day succeeding the action sought to be reconsidered except that any matter which could not be reconsidered on the succeeding day shall be in order for reconsideration on the day of said action
Amend Rue g0 The action of the Senate upon an amendment
dents 1
oolSidered may be reconsidered at any time before final action upon the section bill or resolution to which it relates
Place of Rule 87 All bills recousidered shall take their place jaiender foot Qf calenjar 0f bills then in order for a third
reading
ABSENTEES
SSuSSF Rule 88 The rollcall at the opening of each session
with by of the Senate shall not be dispensed with except by a mama jority
vote jority vote of the Senators present
absentees Rule 89 Upon the call of the Senators ordinary and noted extraordinary the names of the absentees shall be noted by the Secretary and shall appear upon the Journal
COMPELLING ATTENDANCE
Power to Rule 90 The power to compel the attendance of Senatendance tors in order to keep or secure a quorum shall be vested in the President and to this end he may have the doors of the Senate closed When the doors are so closed no Senator shall be allowed to retire from the Senate without first obtaining leave from the Senate
sergeant The Messenger of the Senate shall be ex officio Sergeant
atarms
atArms of the Senate and on order of the President may arrest any absentees and bring them before the Senate when necessary to secure a quorum as aforesaid
37
CALL OF THE SENATE
Rule 91 Whenever the result of a vote taken shall dis ordered close the fact that no quorum of the Senate is present rqamprowhen the President shall officially state the fact to theceedmgs Senate it shall be in order for any Senator to make a motion for a call of the Senate and when this motion is made the President shall state the question as follows Shall
Ihe motion for the call of the Senate prevail and if five of the Senators present shall vote in the affirmative the President shall order the Secretary to call the roll of Senators and the absentees shall be noted the doors shall then be closed after which the names of the absentees shall again be called over and those who do not appear and who are absent without leave may by the order of the majority of the Senators present be sent for and arrested wherever they may be found by officers to be appointed by the Messenger for that purpose and their attendance secured and the Senate shall determine upon what conditions they shall be discharged
MISCELLANEOUS RULES
Rule 92 When a message is sent to the Senate it shall
7 Messages
be announced at the door of the Senate by the Doorkeeper
and be respectfully communicated to the Chair by the persou through whom it may be sent
Rule 93 Messages may be received at any time while Messages 4he door is open except while a question is being put oraceivan ballot or a viva voce vote is being taken A message shall131be presented to the Senate by the President when received or afterwards according to its nature and the business in which the Senate is engaged or its consideration may on motion be ordered by the Senate
Rule 94 After a motion is stated by the President or Motions read by the Secretary it shall be deemed to be in the possession of the Senate bt may be withdrawn at any time before decision by consent of the Senate
38
Petitions Rule 95 Any member presenting a petition memorial etc or remonstrance shall as concisely as practicable intimate the name and object of the petitioner memorialist or remonstrant which shall be noted on the Journal and the paper may then be referred without reading
No debate Rule 96 Any motion to suspend the rules or change the order of business shall be decided without debate
Motions Rule 97 Any motion not privileged containing new TeecTV1 matter shall lie at least one day on the table
Record Rule 98 Whenever on any question the yeas and nays shall have been ordered the Secretary shall also enter on the Journal the names of those members not voting
Notneces Rule 99 Where a motion is made by any Senator it shall onciTmotSn not be necessary that the same shall be seconded before being put to the Senate
commit Rule 100 After the announcement of the standing comaTdwben mittees no other Senators shall be placed thereon unless it S be at the request of a majority of the committee to be added thereto except when Senators have been elected to fill vacancies caused by death or otherwise the President may assign said Senators to such committees as he may see fit and he may fill any vacancy in chairmanships
Privileges Rule 101 No person shall be allowed to enter upon the r floor of the Senate except the Senators and officers thereof the officers and members of the House the Governor of the State and the heads of the offices of the Executive Department exGovernors Judges of the Supreme and Superior Courts in actual commission expresiding officers of the Senate and House and such others as the Senate may allow upon recommendation of the committee on the privileges of the floor
Duty 9f Rule 102 It shall be the duty of the Committee on onJournafs Journals to read the Journal of each days proceedings
and report to the Senate that the same is correct before the Journal is read by the Secretary
Rule 103 The hour to which the Senate shall stand adjourned every day shall be 10 oclock a m of the succeed
Adjoum
ment
39
mg day except Sunday unless otherwise ordered by the Senate
Rule 104 A motion for the call of the yeas and nays JgSSS shall be decided without debate debauw
Rule 105 All writs warrants subpoenas issued by order signature of the Senate shall be signed by the President and attested
1 ii o i Secretary
by the Secretary
Rule 106 It shall be the duty of the Messenger to atDuty tend to the wants of the Senate while in session to aid in the enforcement of order under the direction of the President and to execute the demands of the Senate from time to time together with all such processes issued under its authority as may be directed to him by the President
Rule 107 The Messenger under the direction of the Messengers Secretary shall superintend the distribution by the Pages tributingls of all documents and papers to be distributed to the memetc bers he shall distribute to the members the usual and necessary stationery required by them
Rule 108 No committee shall deface or interline a bill interiinearesolution or other paper referred to said committee butbidliel1shall report any amendments recommended on a separate paper noting the section page or line to which said amendments relate
Rule 109 No pairing of members shall be recognized Pairing or allowed as an excuse for not voting
Rule 110 Whenever any Senator moves that a ComCommittee mittee of Conference on disagreeing votes of the two enceneP Houses naming the number of members be appointed if said motion prevails the President shall appoint a committee on the part of the Senate and in such case the committee shall consist only of such Senators as voted in the majority on the position assumed by the Senate and if by inadvertence any Senator be nominated on said committee who was not in said majority vote he shall notify the Senate and be excused by the President
40
mntsd Rule 111 After commitment of a bill and report thereof to the Senate it may be amended before the report of the committee is agreed to by the Senate but the amendments if any reported by the committee shall be disposed of before any other amendment be considered unless it be an amendment to a committee amendment Motion Rule 112 No motion on a subject different from that under consideration shall be admitted under color of amendment If a motion be made to strike out part of a bill or resolution a motion to amend the part proposed to be stricken out shall be first in order ancLmiuor Rule 113 All reports of a Committee shall be in writing iy reports an he minority of a committee may make a report in writing setting forth succinctly the reasons for their dissent
What motions lie on table
Changing
votes
Questions of privilege
Elections
Appropriating moneyyeas and nays called and recorded Must originate in house representatives
Rule 114 Every motion to alter the rules of the Senate or for information from the Executive or departments shall lie on the table one day
Rule 115 On the call of the yeas and nays the Secretary shall read the names of the Senators after they have been called and no Senator shall be permitted to change his vote unless he at that time declares that he voted under a mistake of the question
Rule 110 Questions of privilege shall be first those affecting the rights of the Senate collectively its safety dignity and the integrity of its proceedings second the rights reputation and conduct of Senators individually in their representative capacity only and shall have precedence of all other questions except a motion to adjourn
Rule 117 In all elections a majority of the Senators present shall be necessary to a choice
Rule 118 No bill or resolution appropriating money shall become a law unless upon its passage the yeas aud nays are called and recorded All bills for raising reve enue or appropriating money must originate in the Housof Representatives but the Senate may propose or concur in amendments as in other bills
41
Rule 119 Whenever the Constitution requires a vote of mend
ment to
twothirds of either or both Houses for the passage of an constituact or resolution the yeas and nays on the passage thereof shall be entered on the Journal and when any amend jurnalsment to Constitution shall be agreed to by a twothirds vote of members elected such proposed amendment or amendments shall be entered on the Journal in full with the yeas and nays taken thereon
Rule 120 The first and second reading of local bills caption or
title only
shall consist of the reading of the titles only unless said i ie rad bill is ordered engrossed k bills
Rule 121 The Secretary and Assistant Secretary shall secretary
take
before entering on their duties as such take an oath before oath and
7 give bond
their presiding officer to discharge their duties faithfully and to the best of their skill and knowledge and the Secretary shall enter into bond in the sum of 5000 conditioned for faithful discharge of his duties Said bond to be approved by President of Senate
Rule 122 All engrossing and enrolling clerks before Oath of en
1 T rolling and
entering upon the discharge of their respective duties engrossing shall take an oath before the President of Senate to discharge their duties faithfully and to the best of their skill and knowledge of which a minute shall be made and entered on the Journals and no journalizing recording enrolling or engrossing clerk shall be appointed by the Secretary of Senate until such clerk has been examined bv
J Mustbeex
the Enrolling Committee and certified to be competent and by well qualified for the discharge of the duties required ofjffieit him and shall be removed at any time upon recommendadftns tion of the Enrolling Committee competent
Rule 123 When there is a meeting of both branches of secretary the General Assembly in joint session the Secretary shall n journals
proceed
enter on the journal of the Senate the proceedings of the JiPt same
42
COMMITTEES
Rule 124 The President shall appoint the following standing committees
Committee on Academy for the Blind
Committee on Academy for the Deaf and Dumb Committee on Agriculture
Committee on Appropriations
Committee on Auditing
Committee on Banks
Committee on Congressional and Legislative Reapportionment
Committee on Constitutional Amendments
Committee on Corporations
Committee on Education and Public Schools
Committee on Engrossing
Committee on Enrollment
Committee on Finance
Committee on Hall and Rooms
Committee on Hygiene and Sanitation
Committee on Immigration and Labor
Committee on Internal Improvements
Committee on Journals
Committee on Judiciary for consideration of general bills Committee on Judiciary for consideration of special or local bills
Committee on Manufactures
Committee on Military Affairs
Committee on Mines and Mining
Committee on Penitentiary
Committee on Pensions
Committee on Privileges and Elections
Committee on Privileges of the Floor
Committee on Public Library
Committee on Public Printing f
Committee on Public Property
Committee on Public Roads
Committee on Railroads
Committee on Rules of which the President shall be ear officio Chairman
Committee on State of the Republic
Committee on State Sanitarium
Committee on Temperance
Committee on University of Georgia
Committee on W A Railroad
mm

r
43
ORDER OF BUSINESS
Rule 125 The following shall be the order of business
1 Prayer by the Chaplain
2 Call of the Roll
3 Report of Committee on Journals
4 Reading the Journal
5 Confirmation of the Journal
6 Motions to reconsider
7 Unfinished business
8 Special orders
9 Presentation ofPetitions
10 Reports of standing committees
11 Reports of select committees
12 Messages from the Governor
13 Messages from the House of Representatives
14 Introduction of bills the first time on Mondays Wednesdays and Fridays of each week
15 Reading House bills first time for reference
16 Reading bills favorably reported by the Committee third time on Tuesdays and Thursdays of each week
17 Consideration of bills adversely reported from committee on Tuesdays and Thursdays of each week
18 Reading of bills second time favorably reported from committee on Mondays and Saturdays of each week
19 Motions and Resolutions
20 General orders but messages from the Governor and House of Representatives and reports from all Committees may be received under any order of business
Rule 126 When any question arises which is not pro Question vided for in the foregoing Rules the same shall be con vided tor trolled by the rules usually governing parliamentary bodies
Rule 127 Any one of the foregoing Rules may be suspended by a twothirds vote of the Senators a quorum being present and voting thereon
RULES
FOR THE GOVERNMENT OF THE SENATE IN EXECUTIVE SESSION
1 When nominations shall be made by the Governor to the Senate a future day shall be assigned for their consideration unless the Senate directs otherwise
2 When acting on executive business the Senate shall be cleared of all persons except the Senators the Secretary and Assistant Secretary
3 All information or remarks touching or concerning the character or qualifications of any person nominated by the Governor for office shall be kept secret
4 The Legislative and Executive proceedings of the Senate shall be kept in separate and distinct books
5 All nominations approved by the Senate or otherwise definitely acted on shall be transmitted by the Secretary to the Governor with the determination of the Senate thereon from day to day as such proceedings may occur but no further extract from the Executive Journal shall be furnished published or otherwise communicated during any session except by special order of the Senate and in transmitting the determination of the Senate thereon the Secretary shall in no instance furnish a list of the names of Senators voting in the affirmative or negative but only the fact of confirmation or rejection and the numerical vote and the record of votes shall be sealed and transmitted to the Secretary of Statens office there to be placed on file
6 A majority of a quorum shall be necessary to confirm the nomination to any office made by the Governor and
46
sent to the Senate for approval When nominations are made by the Governor for any office which requires the assent and approval of the Senate in executive session after the Secretary shall read the name of the party nominated and the position to which he is appointed the President shall put to the Senate the following Shall the nomination of the Governor be confirmed by the Senate Those who favor the confirmation will as your names are called vote Aye those opposed vote No After the roll is called the President will announce the result of the ballot and declare the result as follows It appears from the vote that a majority of the Senators have voted to confirm the appointment made by the Governor the same is hereby confirmed by the Senate or A majority of the Senators have voted against the confirmation of the nomination made by the Governor it is therefore rejected by the Senate
7 No Senator will be at liberty at any time or under any circumstances to expose or publish anything transpiring in executive session except only such matters as are required to be disclosed under the rules It is the intent and meaning of this rule that the business transacted in executive session shall be sacred and free from exposure to the outside world and that every Senator shall be on his honor concerning the same

RULES
For the Governmeht of the General Assembly When Assembled in Joint Session

pi
I
K

49
RULES
FOR THE GOVERNMENT OF THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY WHEN ASSEMBLED IN JOINT SESSION
1 The time of the meeting of the two houses in joint session shall be determined by the concurrent resolution of the Senate and House of Representatives except where provided by law
2 The elections shall be viva voce and the vote shall appear on the journal of the House of Representatives When the Senate and House of Representatives unite for the purpose of elections they shall meet in the Representative Hall and the President of the Senate shall in such cases preside and declare the result
3 The votes are to be taken for but one election at the same time and a majority ot the whole number of votes cast is necessary to a choice
4 The Senate and House of Representatives shall meet in joint session in the hall of the House of Representatives on the first Monday of every session at 10 oclock A m or at such time as may be fixed by joint resolution of both houses for the purpose of electing such officers of said State as are now or may hereafter be required to be elected by the General Assembly Said joint session shall continue in morning and afternoon sessions from day to day until all of said officers are elected
5 At the hour determined by the concurrent resolution the Senate shall repair to the Hall of the House of Representatives
6 The President of the Senate shall preside and
4 m
an
50
nounce that the General Assembly is iu joint session and cause to be read the resolution convening the same He shall put all questions to the body and decide all questions of order An appeal may be taken from any of his decisions to the whole General Assembly
7 The Speaker of the House shall sit on the left of the President of the Senate
8 In announcing a candidate the mover shall not make any commendatory orother remarks
9 After a person is nominated for any office in joint session of the General Assembly it shall not be in order to second such nomination and when the nomination is declared closed the President shall forthwith order the rollcall and each member when called shall rise in his seat and respond promptly announcing distinctly his choice for such office
10 In the elections by the General Assembly no member after having voted shall be allowed to change his vote unless he will rise and state in his place that he voted by mistake or that his vote has been recorded by mistake
11 No debate shall be in order except as to questions of order
12 No motion to adjourn shall be in order In lieu thereof there shall be the motion to dissolve the joint session which shall be in the form That the joint session of the General Assembly be now dissolved or That the joint session of the General Assembly be now dissolved to be reconvened at a time named The latter motion shall have precedence of the former
13 The motion to dissolve the joint session either indefinitely or until a fixed time shall always be in order except that after the call of the roll has commenced it shall not be in order until after the result of said vote shall have been declared by the President of the Senate
14 When a motion to dissolve the joint session shall

51
be decided in the negative the same shall not again be in order until other business shall have intervened
15 When a motion to dissolve the joint session either indefinitely or to a fixed time shall be decided in the affirmative the President of the Senate shall so declare and the Senate shall without further motion immediately repair to the Senate Chamber
16 The majority of each house shall be necessary to constitute a quorum of the joint session
17 These rules may be amended by the concurrent resolution of the two houses and they or either of them shall cease to be in force when either house shall notify the other house of the withdrawal of its consent to the same

Officers and Members
of the
House of Representatives
OFFICERS
OF THE
House of Representatives 19051906
HON JOHN M SLATON of FultonSpeaker HON C E DUNBAR of Richmond Speaker Pro Tem HON JNO T BOIFEUILLET of BibbClerk
D F McCLATCHEY Jr of CobbReading Clerk
O L GRESHAM of BurkeJournal Clerk
W T KELLY of JasperMessage Clerk
E B MOORE of TaliaferroCalendar Clerk
T R PENN of JasperiMessenger
J H WILLIFORD of FayetteDoorkeeper
MEMBERS
OP THE
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES OF GEORGIA
WITH COUNTY AND POSTOFFICE
19051906
NAME COUNTY POSTOPPICE
Adams C H WilkinsonIrwinton
Adams W BElbert Elberton
p Akin John WBartow Cartersville
Alexander Hooper DeKalb Decatur
Alford WLH WorthWillingham
Almand W V Bockdale Conyers
Anderson J J E Bulloch Statesboro
yt Anderson J RChatham Savannah
Arnold N D Oglethorpe Arnoldville
Ashley C RLowndesValdosta
B
Bacon John Bryan
Barksdale R OWilkes
yBeall W H Paulding Beauchamp J O Butts
Bell Madison Fulton
Black N D Dawson
Blackburn R BFulton
Booker J H Troup
Bowden J W Monroe Boykin J H Lincoln Branch L W Brooks
P Brinson S R Decatur
Buchannon W A Early Bush J A Miller
Butts E C Glynn
Morrison
Washington
Dallas
Jackson
Atlanta Dawsonville Atlanta LaGrange
Forsyth
Lincolnton Quitman
Bainbridge
Blakely
Colquitt
Brunswick
58
NAME
Jj Galloway J P Calvin M Y Christopher S K Clark D J Clements W H Clifton Peter Connor J J Conley F E Cook G D Covington W A Corn John A Cureton W W
Davis WA Davis W H Derrick John H Jr Donalson E M Daugharty J F Duckett E L Duggan C I Dunbar C E
Edwards J C
Felder T S Flanders W J Flynt J J Fraser Donald p Fussell D J
Galloway N L George E H Green E P Griffin C H Grovenstein A N
C
COUNTY
Lee
Richmond Hall Laurens Dodge Tattnall Bartow Union Oconee Colquitt Towns Dade
D
Bibb Burke Rabun Decatur Clinch Banks Washington Richmond
E
Habersham
POSTOFFICE
A
Gainesville Dublin Eastman Lyons
Cartersville Blairsville
Bishop
Moultrie Young Harris Risihg Fawn
Macon
Waynesboro
Burtn
Bainbridge
Edith
Hollingsworth Sanders ville
Augusta
Clarkesville
Bibb Macon
Johnson Wrightsvillel
Spalding Griffin
Liberty Hinesville Chattahoochee Cusseta
G
Walton
Morgan
Cobb
Cobb
Effingham
H
Monroe Madison i Marietta
Marietta Guyton
Hall J H ifHardman L G
Bibb Jackson
Macon Commerce
59
NAME COUNTY
iffHarrell J M Quitman p Harris J E Clay Hays J E Macon
Hill J TDooly
Hines E R Baldwin Holder G B Floyd
Holder J NJackson
Horn J L Webster
Humber R T Stewart
Hutcheson E B Haralson
J
Jackson J B Jones
Jackson J WMuscogee
Jenkins WF Jr Putnam
Johnson A J Crawford
Johnson A SBaker
K
jf Kelly T J MGlascock
Kendrick J A Taliaferro King J W Newton
Knight J CPolk
Knight J PBerrien
L
Land Max EWilcox
Lane J LJasper
Lawrence A AChatham
Leigh S E Coweta
Lewis C H Gordon
Little H HHancock
Longino J T Campbell Longley F M Troup
Lumpkin H P Walker
Lumpkin J HSumter
Me
JMcClure J N Milton
McElmurray J F Sr Burke
McLennon D CTelfair
McMichael E H Marion
15 MeMullan AJHart
McRee E J Lowndes
POSTOPFICB
Georgetown Bluffton
I ontezuma f
Cordele
Milledgeville Rome
Jefferson TTT Preston
Lumpkin Buchanan
Clinton
Columbus
Eatonton
Robley
Newtonr
Gibson
Sharon
Covington
Cedartown
Nashville
Rochelle
Monticello
Savannah
Newnan
Red Bud
Sparta
Fairburn
LaGrange
LaFayette
Americus
Duluth Alexander Helena Buena Vista Hartwell Kinder Lou
60
M
NAME COUNTY POSTOFFICE
Mann J TDoughertyAlbany
Mann W E CatoosaRinggold
Martin L H 0 Elbert Middleton
Matthews H AHouston Fort Valley i
Maxwell I NTwiggs Danville
Mayson J W DeKaib Decatur
Milikin BenWayne Jesup
T Mitcham A B Clayton Love joy
Mitchell Fondren Thomas Thomasville
Mitchell J N Taylor Butler
Mizell J TCharlton Folkston
MobleyLW Dooly Byromville
Moore D CColumbiaAppling
Moore R M Cherokee Canton
Mooty RB Heard Franklin
N
Nix O A GwinnettLawrenceville
Nolan J Q Henry MoDoneugh
Nowell H G WaltonMonroe
O
Orr I N Coweta Newnan
Overstreet E KScreven Sylvania
v Owen E M Pike Zebulon
P
Parker Charles IL Appling Baxter
Perry H H Hall Gainesville
k Persons A P Talbot Talbot ton
Porter C H Floyd Silver Creek
Powell J C Fannin Morgan ton
Prescott W E EcholsStatenville
Proctor J J CamdenSatilla Bluff
R
Rainey E LTerrell Dawson
Rainey T F Schley Ellaville
Ramsey A K Murray Spring Place
Ramsey C N JeffersonLouisville
Reaves H J CarrollBowdon
Revill H H Meriwether Greenville
Richardson C C HoustonByron
61
NAME COUNTY
Roper E Pickens
Rogers William H McIntosh
Rose A A Upson
Rountree B L Emanuel
Rountree J BThomas
Rucker J H Clarke
O Rudicil R Y Chattooga Russell C R Muscogee
S
Emanuel
Lumpkin
Warren
Montgomery Whitfield
Gilmer
Thomas Fulton
Greene
Calhoun
Tattnall
McDuffie Mitchell
Ware
Carroll
Chatham Meriwether Franklin
T
Terry Richard Randolph
Thorne T BBulloch
Trammell E B Harris
W
Ward C A Coffee
Walker E H Monroe
Walker J F Washington
Waters James 0 Pierce
Way S A Pulaski
West James F White
Whitley T R Douglas
Wilcox B E Irwin
Williams G WLaurens
Saffold F H
Shultz Carl Scruggs E G Sears J A
Seymour W W
Simmons T G
Singletary J R y Slaton John M Smith Alex H Smith E L
Smith G W
Smith J E
Spence John M T Spence J M Jr
Steed E T Stovall P A Sutton J D Swilling S B
POSTOFPI CE
Ball Ground Darien
The Rock Swainsboro Barwick Athens Summerville Columbus
Swainsboro
Dahl onega
Warrenton
Mt Vernon Dalton
Ellijay
Cairo
Atlanta
Greensboro Edison Reidsville Thomson Camilla Waresboro Villa Rica Savannah Woodbury Carnesville
Cuthbert Statesboro Shiloh
Douglas
Forsyth
Chalker
Blackshear
Hawkinsville
Leo
Douglasville
Fitzgerald
Dublin
62
name county postopfice
Williams T Y Madison Dowdy
Wilson J J Sumter Americus
Wilson W W GwinnettBuford t
XWise J WFayette Fayetteville
Woodliff A H Forsyth Flowery Branch
Wootten S A Wilkes Washington
Wright Boykin Richmond Augusta
Wright Seaborn Floyd Some

ERRATA
PulaskiS A WayHawkinsville
Talbot A P PersonsTalbotton
MEMBERS
OF THE
b
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES OF GEORGIA
WITH COUNTY AND POSTOFFICE 19051906
COUNTY NAME iv POSTOFFICJT
Appling Charles H Parker Baxley
Baker y A S Johnson Newton
Baldwin E R Hines Milledgeville
Banas E L Duckett Hollingsworth
r Bartow John W Akin Cartersville
Bartow AC J J Connor Cartersville
Berrien k J P Knight Nashville
X Bibb T S Felder Macon
X Bibb XJ H Hall Macon
A Bibb W A Davis Macon
Brooks Quitman
Bryan John Bacon Morrison
Bullock T B Thorne Statesboro
Bullock Statesboro
Burke Waynesboro
Burke John F McElmurray Sr Alexander
fl Butts T aI
Calhoun E L Smith Edison
Camden
Campbell XJ T Longino DaLlllcL x51ull Fairburn
Carroll E T Steed Villa Rica
Carroll H J Reaves Bowdon
Catoosa W E Mann
Charlton J T Mizell Ringgold Folks ton
Chatham P A Stovall Savannah
Chatham A A Lawrence Savannah
Chatham J R Anderson
Chattahoochee D J Fussell Cusseta
64
COUNTY NAME POSTOFFICE
Chattooga R Y Rudicil Summerville
Cherokee R M Moore Canton
Clarke A A q J H Rucker Athens
Clay Jff J E Harris Bluff ton
Clayton JA B Mitcham Lovejoy
Edith
Cobb C H Griffin arietta
Cobb E P Green Marietta
Coffee C A Whrd Douglas
Colquitt W A Covington Moultrie
Columbia D C Modre Appling
Coweta J8 E Leigh Newnan
Coweta I N Ori Grantville
Crawford A J Johnson Robley
Dade W W Cureton Rising Fawn
Dawson D Black Dawsonville
Decatur Bainbridge
Decatur E M Donalson Bainbridge
DeKalb Hooper Alexander Decatur
DeKalb p J W Mayson Decatur t
Dodge W H Clements Eastman tyj
Dooly L W Mobley ByremviHe
Dooly T Hill Cordele
Dougherty J T Mann Albany
Douglas tT R Whitley Douglasville
Early jf W A Buchannon Blakely
Echols W E Prescott Statenville
Effingham A N Grovenstein Guyton
Elbert YL H 0 Martin Middleton
Elbprt fifW B Adams Elberton
Emanuel B L Rountree Swainsboro
Emanuel F H Saffold Swainsboro
Fannin J C Pojvell Morgan ton
Fayette XJ W Wise Fayetteville
Floyd Seaborn Wright Rome
Floyd G B Holder Rome
Floyd C H Porter Silver Creek
Forsyth A H Woodliff Flowery Branch
Franklin 8 B Swilling Carnesville
Atlanta
Fulton Madison Bell Atlanta
Fulton R B Blackburn Atlanta

65
COUNTY NAME POSTOFFICE
Gilmer T G Simmons X 4 Ellijay
Glascock MT J M Kelly Gibson
Glynn yCE C Butts 4 Brunswick
GordonVc H Lewis Red Bud
Greene Alex H Smith v Greensboro
Gwinnett iT0 A Nix Lawreneeville
GwinnettW W WilsonBuford
Habersham J C Edwards
Hall H H Perry
Hall S K Christopher
Hancock H H Little
HaralsonTE B Hutcheson
Harris E B Trammell
HartJoiA J McMullan
HeardR B Mooty
Henry J Q Nolan
Houston H A Matthews
Houston G C Richardson
Irwin E Wilcox
JacksonCL G Hardman
Jackson X J N Holder
Jasperf J L Lane
Jefferson 0 N Ramsey
J ohnsonA W J Flanders
JnesJK J B Jackson
LaurensG W Williams
Laurens D J Clark
Jee J P Callaway
Liberty Donald Fraser
Lincoln J H Boykin
Lowndes C R Ashley
Lowndes E JMcRee
LumpkinCarl Schultz
Macon VJ E Hays
MadisonJ Y Williams
Marion E H McMichael
McDuffie J E Smith
McIntosh William H Rogers
Meriwether J D Sutton
Meriwether vr H H Revill
Miller VJ A Bush
6 m
Clarksville
Gainesville
Gainesville
Sparta
Buchanan
Shiloh
Hartwell
Franklin
MeDoaottgh
Fort Valley
Byron
Fitzgerald
Commerce Jefferson
Monticello
Louisville
Wrightsville Clinton
Dublin
Dublin Leesburg
Hiriesville
Lincolnton
Valdosta
Kinder Lou
Dahlonega
Montezuma Dowdy
Buena Vista
Thomson
Darien
Woodbury
Greenville
Colquitt
66
COUNTY NAME POSTOFFICE
Milton yj N McClure Duluth
Mitchell John M Spence Camilla
Monroe E H Walker Forsyth
Monroe J W Bowden Forsyth
Montgomery J A Sears Mt Vernon
Morgan XE H George Madison
Murray A K Ramsey Spring Place
Muscogee X J W Jackson Columbus
Muscogee XC R Russell Columbus
Newton T W King Covington
Oconee G D Cook Bishop
Oglethorpe N D Arnold Arnoldville
Paulding H Beall Dallas
Pickens E Roper Ball Ground
Pierce James 0Waters Blackshear
Pike E M Owen Zebulon
Polk J C Knight Cedartown
Pulaski fB E Barksdale Longstreet
Putnam W P Jenkins Jr Eatonton
Quitman r J M Harrell Georgetown
Rabun John H Derrick Jr Burton
Randolph Richard Terry Cuthbert
Richmond M Y Calvin Auguota K1
Richmond C E Dunbar Augusta
Richmond Boykin Wright Augusta
Rockdale y W V Almand Conyers
Schley T P Rainey Ellaville
Screven E K Overstreet Sylvania
Spalding J J Flynt Griffin
Stewart R T Humber Lumpkin
Sumter J H Lumpkin Americus
Sumter J J Wilson Americus
Talbot S W Thornton Talbotton
Taliaferro yJ A Kendrick Sharon
Tattnall Peter Clifton Lyons
Tattnall G W Smith Reidsville
Taylor J N Mitchell Butler
Telfair D C McLennon Helena
Terrell XE L Rainey Dawson
Thomas Rountree Barwick
Resigned Deceased
COUNTY
NAME
Thomas Thomas Towns Troup Troup Twiggs
X
A
Fondren Mitchell J R Singletary John A Corn F M Longley
J H Booker
I N Maxwell
POSTOPFIOE
Thomasville
Cairo
Young Harris LaGrange LaGrange Danville
rTJnion F E ConleyBlairsville
UPson A A RoseThe Rock
WalkerH P Lumpkin
WaltonH G Nowell
Walton N L Gallaway
Ware fii J M Spence Jr
WarrenE G Scruggs
WashingtonC I Duggan
WashingtonJ F Walker
Wayne Ben Milikin
Webster J L Horn
White James F West
WhitfieldW W Seymour
Wilcox X Max ELand
WilkesR 0 Barksdale
Wilkes S A Wootten
WilkinsonC H Adams
WorthjXW L H Alford
Lafayette
Monroe
Monroe
Waresboro Warren ton Sandersville Ohalker
Jesup Preston
Leo
Dalton Rochelle Washington Tignall Irwinton Willingham
Standing Committees
of the
House of Representatives
STANDING COMMITTEES
OF THE HOUSE
AMENDMENTS TO CONSTITUTION Perry of Hall Chairman
Matthews of Houston ViceChairman
Akin
Felder
George
Little
McLennan
Saffold
Flynt
Covington
Alexander
Overstreet
Wright of Floyd Land
Hall
Mitchell of Thomas
Blackburn
Wise
Bowden
Dunbar
Branch
Wright of Bichmond Davis of Burke Anderson of Chatham Butts
Donaldson
Hill
Longley
Nowell
Persons
72
APPROPRIATION S Davis of Burke Chairman
Flynt of Spalding ViceChairman
Lawrence
Hall
McRee
Akin
Holder of Jackson Hines
Felder
Conner
Covington
Rose
Buchannan
Saffold
Schultz
Perry
Matthews
Hardman
Anderson of Chatham Nowell
Little
Hill
Mann of Dougherty Alford
Alexander
Alinand
J enkins
Adams of Elbert Overstreet
Wright of Floyd Waters
Terry
Rucker
Bell
Smith of McDuffie Rudicil
Rainey of Terrell Rountree of Thomas Russell
Orr
Persons
AUDITING
Steed of Carroll Chairman Rountree of Thomas ViceChairman
Buchannon
Knight of Berrien Wise
Hall
Brinson
73
BANKS AND BANKING
Ashley of Lowndes Chairman
J ENKINS of Putnam ViceChairman
Calvin Smith of McDuffie
Davis of Bibb Russell
Parker Proctor
Barksdale Terry
Hardman Walker of Monroe
Kendrick Williams of Laurens
Hays Alford
Richardson Adams of Elbert
George Butts
Donalson Duggan
Rucker Singletary
Almand Whitley
Buchannon Sutton
Longino Moore of Cherokee Wilcox
BLIND ASYLUM
Rose of Upson Chairman
Knight of Berrien ViceChairman
Kelly Com
Derrick Cook
Bacon Duggan
Beall Flanders
Black Galloway
Booker Grovenstein
Harris Singletary
Holder of Floyd Moore of Columbia
Lane Simmons
Mooty Woodliff
Scruggs Reaves
Clifton Rainey of Schley
74
CORPORATION S
Little of Hancock Chairman Saffold of Emanuel ViceChairman
Rucker
Kelly
Kendrick
McElmurray
Derrick
Adams of Wilkinson Longino
Beauchamp
Richardson
Bacon
Black
Bush
Brinson
Callaway
Christopher
Edwards
Wilson of Sumter Davis of Bibb aI itchell of Taylor Cureton
Porter
Rainey of Schley Daugharty
Eussell
Jackson of Jones Knight of Berrien King
Knight of Polk Holder of Floyd Lumpkin of Walker Mann of Catoosa McRee
Mitcham
Mooty
Nix
Prescott
Rainey of Terrell Rountree of Emanuel Ramsey of Murray Sears
Swilling
Spence of Ware
Smith of Calhoun Thorne of Bulloch Williams of Laurens Way of Pulaski Persons
m

70
COUNTY AND COUNTY MATTEES
McLennan
Longley of
Adams of Elbert Whitley
Walker of Monroe Wilson of Sumter
Rose
Lumpkin of Sumter Sutton
Terry
Wilcox
Singletary
Longino
Simmons
Proctor
Bell
Ramsey of Murray Smith of Tattnall Cook
Duggan
Dougherty
Walker of Washington Mitcham
Moore of Columbia
Orr
Mitchell of Taylor
of Telfair Chairman
Troup ViceChairman
Mobley
Mizell
King
Knight of Polk Leigh
Lewis
Holder of Floyd Horn
Harrell
Johnson of Crawford Fussell
Harris
Humber
Clements
Hines
Brinson
Clifton
Bacon
Booker
Mann of Catoosa McMichael
Ashley
Way of Pulaski
1 76
EDUCATION
Stovall Chairman
McMichael ViceChairman
Alexander McClure
Adams of Elbert Holder of Jackson
Russell McElmurrav
Conner McBee
Bell McMullan
Boykin Mitchell of Thomas
Branch 1 Nowell
Barksdale i Overstreet
Longino Ramsey of Murray
Covington Rainey of Schley
Smith of Greene Rose
Matthews Rucker
Rudicil Ramsey of Jefferson
Calvin Shultz
Donalson Ward
Eraser Wilson of Sumter
Felder Wright of Floyd
George Wright of Richmond
Hardman Walker of Monroe
s Hines Sutton
Hutcheson Moore of Cherokee
Knight of Berrien Cureton
Kelly Clark
Land Williams of Madison
H Little Jackson of Muscogee
Jenkins Waters
SBKhs Lumpkin of Sumter Way of Pulaski
Dunbar L Persons

m
77

ENROLLMENT
Coneey of Union Chairman
Geovenstei ViceChairman
Porter
Rose
Calvin Seymour
Nix
Little
Terry
Richardson
Steed
1ST olan
EXCUSE OF MEMBERS Leigh of Coweta Chairman
Adams of Wilkinson ViceChairman
Butts Callaway
Black Scruggs
Booker Reaves
Cureton Smith of Greene
Powell Thorne
Com Woodliff
78
GENERAL AGRICULTURE Martin Chairman
Proctor of Camden ViceChairman
Arnold
Adams of Elbert Mitcham
Rose
Steed
Williams of Madison McMichael
McClure
Wilson of Sumter Stovall
Smith of Greene Rainey of Schley Leigh
King
Jackson of Muscogee Holder of Jackson Davis of Bibb McMullan
Millikin
Adams of Wilkinson Rountree of Thomas Spence of Ware Harris
Lewis
Ramsey of Murray Clark
Smith of Tatnall
Wooten
Bush
Beauchamp
Clifton
Buchannon
Conner
Calvin
Duggan
Derrick
Duckett
Galloway
Hardman
Humber
Johnson of Or a wf ore McElmurray
McRee
Moore of Cherokee Nolan
Lane
Reaves
Rucker
Simmons
Waters
West
Wilson of Gwinnett Walker of Washington Rountree of Emanuel
79
GENERAL JUDICIARY Wright of Richmond Feeder of Bibb
Akin
George
Perry
Elynt
Longley
Mitchell of Thomas Little
Lawrence
Land
Revill
Knight of Berrien Anderson of Chatham Matthews
Overstreet
Mann of Catoosa Lumpkin of Sumter Lumpkin of Walker Mann of Dougherty Wright of Eloyd Wise
Hall
Hines
Dunbar
Davis of Burke Covington
Blackburn
McLennan
Williams of Laurens Donalson
Fraser
Ramsey of Jefferson Hill
Chairman ViceChairman
Terry
Ward
Butts
Alexander
Anderson of Bulloch Branch
Bowden
Bell
Cureton
Moore of Columbia Christopher
Edwards
Green
Griffin
J enkins
Johnson of Baker Jackson of Jones Nix
Nowell
Owens
Parker
Porter
Russell
Richardson
Seymour
Singletary
Saffold
Swilling
Smith of Calhoun Trammell
Persons
80
GAME AND FISH
Calvin Chairman Hardman ViceChairman
Boykin Edwards
Milikin Duckett
Martin Davis of Bibb
Hays Donalson
Powell Thorne
Bush Blackburn
Longley Barksdale
George Humber
Grovenstein Ramsey of Jefferson
McElmurray Wilson of Sumter
Sutton Wilcox
Daugharty
GEORGIA SCHOOL FOR THE DEAF
Knight of Polk Chairman
Griffin of Cobb ViceChairman
Parker Seymour
Prescott Sears
Conner Rudicil
Johnson of Crawford Maxwell
Akin Mayson
Beall Gallaway
Moore of Columbia Williams of Madison
Wilson of Gwinnett Mitcham
Longino 1 Callaway
McElmurray Lane
Holder of Floyd Woodliif
Alford Simmons of Gilmer
Cook Powell
Clark Ward
Rainey of Schley
e
81
GEORGIA STATE SANITORIUM
Kelly of Glascock ViceChairman Hines of Baldwin ViceChairman
Whitley Waters
Little Woodliif
Mayson Johnson of Crawford
Longino Swilling
Spence of Mitchell Simmons
Steed Rountree of Emanuel
Buehannan Holan
Davis of Bnrke Smith of Tatnall
Wilson of Sumter Dougherty
Mitcham Moore of Columbia
Bevili Clifton
Proctor Beall
McLennan Rudicil
Maxwell West
Lewis Walker of Washington
Rose Fraser
Mooty Flanders
Moore of Cherokee Hardman
Spence of Ware Humber
Almand Hutcheson
Walker of Monroe Jackson of Jones
Wooten Way of Pulaski
Prescott Trammell Jenkins
HALLS AHD ROOMS
Fussell of Chattahoochee Chairman
Weight of Richmond ViceChairman
Martin of Elbert Davis of Burke 6 m Hall
82
HYGIENE AND SANITATION
Whitley Chairman Rudicil ViceChairman
Elanders Scruggs
Galloway Spence of Mitchell
Hardman Spence of Ware
Hutcheson Moore of Cherokee
Beall Knight of Polk
Xongino Way of Pulaski
Kelly Sutton
Mobley
IMMIGRATION
Eraser of Liberty Chairman
McClure of Milton ViceChairman
Thorne Powell
Xittle Edwards
Bacon Orr
Wilcox Duggan
Booker Griffin
Overstreet Horn
Covington Mizell
Parker Harrell
Cureton Johnson of Bal
Smith of Greene Lane
Rainey of Schle1 Milikin
Scruggs Knight of Berrien
Calloway Lewis
Roper Mitchell of Taylor
Corn Mobley
INTERNAL IMPROVEMENT
Spexce of Mitchell Chairman
Ramsey of Murray ViceChairman
Parker of Appling Waters
Ramsey of Jefferson Brinson
Anderson of Bulloch Calloway
Harrell Butts
Bacon Wilson of Gwinnett
Roper Calvin
Beauchamp Wooten
Powell Clark
Nix Simmons
Black Wilcox
Mobley Woodliff
Booker Cureton
Sears Scruggs
Boykin
INVALID PENSIONS
Ramsey of Jefferson Chairman
Axderson of Bulloch ViceChairman
Bussell Martin
McRee Derrick
Arnold Griffin
Lumpkin of Walker Clements
Bacon of Bryan Maxwell
Mann of Catoosa Humber
Christopher Hill
Flanders Lewis
84
JOURNALS
Harris of Clay Chairman Simmons ViceChairman
Boykin
Dougherty
Cook
Galloway
Grovenstein
Harrell
LABOR AND LABOR STATISTICS
Bell of Fulton Chairman Covington ViceChairman
Felder
Richardson
Flynt
King
Boykin
Longley
Martin
Holder of Jackson Porter
George
Butts
Conner
Wise
Rainey of Terrell
Land
Stovall
Leigh
Hutcheson
Ramsey of Jefferson Hardman
Nolan
Mitcham
Knight of Berrien Rountree of Thomas Whitley
Nowell
RusselL
85
MANUFACTURES Arnold of Oglethorpe Chairman Prescott of Echols ViceChairman
Almand
Cure ton Beauchamp
Com
Booker
Christopher
Akin
Blackburn
Calvin
Brinson
Grovenstein
Duckett
Edwards
Fussell
Flynt
Fraser
Holder of Jackson Russell
Green
George
Galloway
Holder of Floyd Dougherty
Rainey of Schley
Johnson of Crawford King
Knight of Berrien Knight of Polk
Lane
Lewis of Gordon Milikin
Mitchell of Taylor Mobley
Mizell
Powell
Roper
Rogers of McIntosh Smith of Greene Scruggs
Smith of McDuffie Sears
Thome
Wilcox
Woodliff
Wilson of Gwinnett Williams of Dublin Wooten
86
MILITARY AFFAIRS
Manist of Dougherty Chairman Adams of Elbert ViceChairman
Milikin
Beauchamp
Lawrence
Davis of Bibb
Dunbar
Anderson of Chatham Donalson
Spence of Mitchell Land
Blackburn
Butts
Brinson
Williams of Laurens Johnson of Baker Russell
Felder
Booker
Flynt
Rucker
Mobley
Lane
Longley
Terry
Reaves
87
MIKES AHD MIHIHG
Mann of Catoosa Cliainnan
Harrell of Quitman ViceChairman
West
Roper
Cureton
Johnson of Crawford Lane
Cook of Oconee Williams of Madison Duckett
Conley
Swilling
Christopher
Com
Green
Arnold
Hutcheson
Lewis
Lumpkin of Walker Mayson
Powell
Roper
Wooten
Smith of McDuffie Akin
Mitchell of Taylor
HEW COUHTIES
Hall
McMullan
Branch
Boykin
Moore of Cherokee
Hays
Chairman
Almand
Steed
Anderson of Chatham Matthews
Jackson of Muscogee
PENITENTIARY
Holder of Jackson Chairman Lumpkin of Sumter ViceChairman
Conley
Cook
McRee
Com
Bush
Mooty
Callaway
Trammell
Brinson
Clements
Knight of Berrien Dougherty
Derrick
Arnold
Eelder
Duckett
Eussell
Smith of Tattnall Harris of Clay Edwards
Holder of Eloyd Longino
Harrell
Lane
Kelly
Mayson
Lumpkin of Walker Mann of Catoosa Williams of Madison McLennan
Alford
Reaves
Mitchell of Taylor Mitcham
Hutcheson
Nolan
Parker
Maxwell
Prescott
Rainey of Schley Porter
Ramsey of Murray Rountree of Thomas Terry
Waters
Woodliff
Seymour
West
Whitley
Johnson of Crawford Powell
Ramsey of Jefferson Russell
Black
Clark
Griffin
Simmons
Smith of Calhoun Rogers of McIntosh
89
PENSIONS
Green of Cobb Chairman Wilson of Sumter ViceChairman
Adams of Elbert Johnson of Crawford Rudicil
Trammell
Harris
Duckett
Moore of Cherokee McClure McElmurray McMichael
Nix
Sears
Wilson of Gwinnett Longino
Orr
Owens
Porter
Rainey of Schley Fraser
Rountree of Emanuel Saffold
Smith of McDuffie Wilcox
PRIVILEGES AND ELECTIONS
Russell of Muscogee Chairman Mitcham of Clayton ViceChairman
Branch
Lawrence
Mizell
Butts
Ashley
Porter
Leigh
Jackson of Jones Kelly
McClure
Nix
Prescott
Owens
Parker
Harris
Adams of Wilkinson Adams of Elbert Duckett
Almand
Anderson of Bulloch Longino
Conley
Shultz
Trammell
Edwards
90
PRIVILEGES OE THE FLOOR
Kendrick of Taliaferro Chairman Spence of Ware ViceChairman
Flynt Alexander Harris Perry Mitchell of Thomas Fraser Felder Holder of Floyd Longino
PUBLIC LIBRARY Williams of Laurens Chairman Holder of Floyd ViceChairman
Hardman Kendrick Knight of Polk Leigh Longley Lumpkin of Walker Mann of Dougherty McMichael Porter
91
PUBLIC PRINTING Rainey of Terrell Chairman
Wilson of Gwinnett ViceChairman
Holder of Jackson Owens
Revill
Barksdale
Stovall
Calvin
Jackson of Jones Brinson
Little
PUBLIC PROPERTY Barksdale Chairman
King of Newton ViceChairman
Milikin
Mitcham
Mizell
Moore of Columbia Nix
Nolan
Orr
Rountree of Emanuel Saffold
Anderson of Chatham Longino
Trammell
Land
Hill
Rainey of Terrell Harris
Wilson of Sumter McMichael
Hines
Johnson of Baker Wilcox
Wootten
Beauchamp
I
92
RAILROADS Alford of Worth Chairman Hill of Dooly ViceChairman
Beauchamp
Lumpkin of Walker Lumpkin of Sumter Arnold
Calvin
Derrick
Ramsey of Jefferson Ramsey of Murray Owens
Holder of Lloyd Perry
Rainey of Terrell Revill
Rountree of Thomas Anderson of Bulloch McRee
Anderson of Chatham Bell
Lhnd
Daugharty
Boykin
Overstreet
Beider
Clifton
Donalson
Hayes
Kendrick
King
Orr
Little
McMullan
Mitchell of Taylor Swilling
Williams of Laurens Wise
Mitcham
Barksdale
Longino
Trammell
Way of Pulaski
ROADS AND BRIDGES
Bu chan non of Early Chairman Longind of Campbell ViceChairman King Nolan
Orr Smith of Greene Nolan Mitchell of Taylor Jackson of Jones Horn Kelly Mobley Moore of Columbia Mooty Nix Porter Prescott Proctor Rainey of Schley Ramsey of Jefferson Ramsey of Murray Revill Shultz Scruggs Smith of Calhoun Rogers of McIntosh
RULES
Slaton ExOfficio Chairman Felder of Bibb ViceChairman
Calvin Martin Lawrence Davis f Burke Mitchell Elynt Whitley Hardman
94
SPECIAL AGRICULTURE Bush of Miller Chairman
Conner of Bartow ViceChairman
Calvin
Powell
Clements
Sears
Horn of Webster
Callaway
Prescott
Corn
Rainey of Schley Bacon
Black
Clark
Cook
Dougherty
Eussell
Grovenstein
Harris
Harrell
Iiays
Mitchell of Taylor Maxwell
Mizell
Mooty
Mitcham
Moore of Columbia Proctor
Rountree of Emanuel Ramsey of Murray Scruggs
Smith of Tattnall Steed
Shultz
Spence of Ware Thorne
Woodliff
Roper
Longlev
SPECIAL JUDICIARY
Blackburn of Fulton Chairman Parker of Appling ViceChairman
West
Buchannon
Mann of Catoosa Moore of Columbia Boykin
Alford
Lumpkin of Sumter Arnold
Horn
Booker
George
Clements
Longino
Smith of Tattnall Richardson
Revill
Donalson
Rainev of Terrell Land
Owens
Wise
Griffin
Leigh
Bell of Fulton Holder of Floyd Beall
Duckett
Ashley
Spence of Ware Howell
Flanders
McMichael
Johnson of Baker Mann of Dougherty Kendrick
Lawrence
Hill of Dooly Trammell
Lumpkin of Walker
96
STATE OF THE REPUBLIC
Black of Dawson Chairman Clifton of Tattnall ViceChairman
Jackson of Muscogee Land
Martin
MoMullan
Milikin
Mobley
Howell
Powell
Reaves
Revill
Rucker
Shultz
Rogers of McIntosh
TEMPERANCE
Wright of Floyd Chairman Dunbar of Richmond ViceChairman
Rainey of Terrell Overstreet
Martin
George
Nolan
Covington
Booker
Owen
Rucker
Spence of Mitchell Beauchamp
Derrick
Whitley
Callaway
Maxwell
Felder
Kendrick
Buchannon
King
Bush
Lane
Blackburn
Lawrence
Steed
Russell
McLennan
Trammell
Way of Pulaski Wootten
97
UNIVERSITY OE GEORGIA AND ITS BRANCHES
Rucker of Clarke Chairman
OVERSTREET of
McMullan
Russell
Stovall
Hall
Eelder
Kendrick
Johnson of Baker Calvin
Flynt
Dunbar
Lawrence
Steed of Carroll
Owen
Ward
Wright of Flovd Mayson
McRee
Conner
Screven ViceChairman
Hines
Bell
Cook
Shultz
Mitchell of Thomas Alexander
Bowden
Donalson
Fraser
Cureton
Nowell
Hill
Holder of Jackson McLennan
Martin
Williams of Madison Persons
7 m
98
WAYS A YD MEANS
Wise of Eayette Chairman Mitciiele of Thomas ViceChairman
Boykin McLennan
Branch Mayson
Bush McMullan
Barksdale Mitcham
Bowden Jackson of Muscogee
Blackburn Richardson
Callaway Ramsey of Jefferson
Dunbar Stovall
Donalson Sutton
George Wright of Richmond
Hays Whitley
Duckett Davis of Bibb
Land Ashley
Longley Spence of Mitchell
Steed McClure
Martin Lumpkin of Sumter
99
WESTERN ATLANTIC RAILROAD
Land of Wilcox Chairman Alexander ViceChairman
Elynt
Conner
Overstreet
Singletary
Kendrick
Owen
Holder of Floyd McRee
Brinson
Longley
Mizell
Wilcox
Alexander
Dunbar
Akin
Felder
Matthews
McLennan
Smith of McDuffie Land
Longino
Spence of Ware
Grovenstein
Bacon
Branch
Black
Seymour
Perry
Knight of Berrien Walker of Monroe Ward
Orr
Proctor
Williams of Laurens Swilling
Wilson of Sumter Bell
Bowden
Smith of Calhoun McMullan
Nowell
Harris
Ashley
Persons
100
WILD LAUDS
Smith of Calhoun Chairman Duckett of Banks ViceChairman
Jenkins
Johnson of Baker Martin
Lane
West
McClure
McElmurray
Milikin
Mitchell of Taylor Moore of Cherokee Perry
Prescott
Procter
Ramsey of Jefferson Boper
Ramsey of Murray Rountree of Emanuel Rountree of Thomas Saffold
Shultz
Sears
Mizell
Waters
Williams of Laurens Rogers of McIntosh
A CODE
OF
PARLIAMENTARY LAW
OF FORCE IN THE
STATE OF GEORGIA

Prepared by LOUIS F GARRARD
The Use of this Volume is Respectfully Dedicated to the House of Representatives of the State of Georgia
Adopted as the Rules of the House of Representatives of the State of Georgia 11th Day of November 1888
A CODE OF PARLIAMENTARY LAW
THE SPEAKER
Rule 1 The Speaker shall in his discretion suspend Discretion irrelevant debate and command silence whenever he may deem it needful
Rule 2 In all cases of election by the House the when
Speaker
Speaker shall vote In other cases he shall not vote unless shall vote the House be equally divided or unless his vote if given to the minority will make the division equal and in case of such equal division the question shall be lost But in all cases where a fixed constitutional vote is required to pass the bill or measure under consideration and said bill or measure shall lack only one vote to pass the same the Speaker shall vote and his vote so cast shall be counted the same as that of any other member
J Right of
Rule 3 When two or more members shall rise at theebert0
the floor to
same time the Speaker shall name the person entitled totheided proceed Speaker
Rule 4 All committees shall be appointed by the speaker to
J appoint
Speaker unless otherwise ordered by the House committees
Rule 5 The method of stating a question or any moMethods o tion by the Speaker after the same has been read to the question House by the Clerk shall be as follows All in favor 0fbySpeaker the motion will say Aye Those opposed will say No
And when a decision may seem doubtful to the Speaker or a division of the House is called for by any one member of the House the Speaker shall call upon the members in favor of the motion to rise and after a count is had by the Clerk he shall call upon the members to reverse their positions and the Speaker shall announce the result
Rule 6 The Speaker may during a days sitting name Paeaker any member to perform the duties of the Chair during anyjei part of that sitting but no longer
104
Duty of Rule 7 Whenever from any cause the Speaker shall be Speaker is absent the Speaker pro tempore shall preside and if both shall be absent the Clerk of the House shall call the House to order and shall preside until a Speaker pro tempore shall be elected which said election shall be the first business of the House The Speaker pro tempore thus elected shall preside until the return of one of the first named officers when his functions shall cease
18 ule ould an7 member of the House be dissatisfied ruling Of with the ruling of the Speaker on any point he shall rise Speaker and respectfully address the Speaker and say I appeal from the decision of the Chair The Speaker will then state to th House the point ruled on and his decision on it and shall then put the question of appeal to the House as follows AH i1 fayor of the decision of the Chair standing as the sense of this House will say Aye Those opposed will suy No and the decision of the House in sustaining or over ruling the Speaker shall be final
When no Rule 9 On all appeals on questions of order of a perappeals sonal character there shall be no debate
bemadVat uie 10 Ail appeals from the decision of the Chair once shall be made immediately and no appeal shall be in order after other business has intervened from the time of the alleged error of the Chair and before said appeal is sought to be made
when Rule 11 Where debate is permissible on appeals from
dresse te econ Chair any member after being recog
House nized by the Speaker may address his remarks directly to the House
Power of Rule 12 The Speaker shall have power to suspend the suspend Messenger and Doorkeepers for misconduct or neglect of diuateoffiduty and when such suspension has been made he shall report the same to the House within twentyibuv Vouw thereafter for such action as the House may see fit to tatT in the premises
Rule 13 The Speaker shall have power to cause the galleries and lobbies of the House cleared by the Messenger
105
and Doorkeepers in case of disturbance or disorderly when conduct therein and to cause any person or persons so ofmayorde
galleries
fending to be arrested and brought before the bar of the and lobbies 0 cleared
House to be dealt with for contempt of the House
Rule 14 When less than a quorum vote on any subject votmrd under consideration by the House the Speaker may order ker the bar of the House to be closed and the roll of members Called by the Clerk and if it is ascertained that a quorum is present either by answering to their names or by their presence in the House and if any member present then refuses to vote unless excused such refusal shall be deemed a contempt of the House
Rule 15 The Speaker may at any time order the toll gker called on any question and take the vote by yeas and nays taken where a division of the House discloses the fact that a nay8 quorum of the House has not voted
Rule 16 All questions as to the priority of business to Decision on be acted on shall be decided by the Speaker without deof priority bate
ON DECORUM AND DEBATE
Rule 17 When any member is about to speak in debate
j r Conduct of
or deliver anv matter to the House he shall rise from his members
in debate
seat and respectfully address himself to Mr Speaker
He shall be confined to matter in debate shall not speak more than twice on any subject or more than once until every member choosing to speak shall have spoken If any member in speaking or otherwise transgress the rules of the House the Speaker shall or may call him to order in which case the member so called to order shall immediately sit down unless permitted to explain The House Appeals shall if appealed to decide and if the decision of the House be not submitted to the delinquent for the first offence shall be reproved for the second fined in a sum not exceeding ten dollars and continuing refractory may be expelled from the House by a twothirds vote of the memEipDslon bers which said vote shall be taken by yeas and nays and if Kul recorded on the Journal of the House
106
Exception Rule 18 If any member be called to order for words
ing by the Clerk and read then admitted denied or explained by the member who spoke and thereupon the question of order shall be decided and such other proceedings had as the House may deem proper in regard thereto But no member shall be held to answer or be subject to the censure of the House for wordsspoken in debate if any other member has spoken or other business has intervened after the words were spoken and before the exception to them was taken
silence Rule 19 The members of the House shall forbear from private conversation and preserve silence until a speaking member shall have taken his seat
Mode of Rule 20 The members shall avoid naming each other
vations but may designate them by the place in which they may be or the county they represent
Questionsas heretofore stated in case of appeals or interrogate a ruptlons1 memfer who is speaking except through the Speaker and should the member speaking decline to be interrupted the Speaker shall cause the member desiring to interrogate to be silent
interested the result which he is immediately and particularly interested or in any case where he was not present when the question being voted on was put to the House except by permission of the House in every case where the seat of a member is being contested the sitting member and the contestant shall both retire from the House before the vote is taken
Protests Rule 23 Any member may enter a protest in writing against the action of the House said protest shall clearly and succinctly set forth the grounds of such protest and shall not be argumentative nor arraign nor impugn the motive of the House nor any member thereof
to words spoken
spoken the words excepted to shall be taken down in writ
designating members
when they may have occasion to take notice of their obser
House
bow
Rule 21 No member shall address the House except
Shall not vote when
Rule 22 No member shall vote upon any question in
Bi
107
Rule 24 No member shall smoke in the House nor shall he converse with any one over the bar thereof proMbited
Rule 25 No member shall pass between the Chair and Duty while
in i member is
a member while he is speaking nor shall any member at speaking the time of adjournment leave his seat until the Speaker joumment
retires
Matters traspiring
Rule 26 No member shall in debate refer to any pri Commitvate conversation had with another member or to any private
conversa
matters which have transpired in any committee or in the tjon nouo
Senate to
Rule 27 In nominating candidates for any office no and disparlaudatory remarks shall be allowed nor shall any other marks
J when for
candidate be disparaged bidden
Rule 28 Applause or hisses in the Representative Applause
and hisses
chamber or in the galleries or lobby during any speech or forbidden
legislative proceedings shall be promptly suppressed
Rule 29 During the calling or reading of yeas andrfatft
nays on any question no debate shall be had naysaud
Rule 30 No member can make more than one motion only one
motion can
at a time and while the motion is being put to the House bemade at he must resume his seat and he is not further entitled to the floor unless again recognized by the Speaker
Rule 31 No member having asked and obtained leave Expianaoi the House to explain his vote on any question before the tlon House which he shall have as a matter of right shall be allowed more than three minutes for such explanation unless said time is extended by a vote of the House
Rule 32 When the reading of any paper is called for Reading or and the same is objected to by any member it shall be de pe termined by a vote of the House and this motion shall be decided without debate
Rule 33 Every member within the hall when a ques when tion is put shall vote unless he is immediately and par shall vote ticularly interested therein or the House shall excuse him A motion to excuse a member from voting must be made before the House divides or before the call of the
108
excuse t0 yeas and nays is commenced and it shall be decided without made debate except that the member making the motion may Excuses brjefly state the reason why in his opinion it ought to prevoting vail
DIVISION OP A QUESTION
call for a Rule 34 Any one member may call for a division of the question on a subject in which the sense thereof will admit of it
t Rule 35 The member calling for a division must state into how made flow many and definitely what parts he would have the question divided Each part of the divided proposition must be so distinct that if taken away the remainder can stand by themselves and be consistent and entire
Qualifying Rule 36 A qualifying paragraph an exception or a proexception vise if taken from that to which it belongs would not com
and pro
viso tain a distinct or entire proposition
strikeout Rule 37 A motion to strike out and insert is an indivis
and insert
not divis jble proposition
BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS
countes Rule 38 The Clerk shall on Mondays Wednesdays and Fridays call the counties for the introduction of new matter beginning alternately at the first and last of the alphabet
Bills and Rule 39 All bills and resolutions shall be called in the order catedlinns iu which they stand on the calendar and before reading any bill or resolution the second or third time the Clerk shall dis tinctly state its number and the name of the member by whom introduced provided that House and Senate bills and resolutions adversely reported shall not be taken up for a second reading except by request of the authors of such bill or resolution or some member of the House provided that theGeneral Appropriation Bill and the General Tax Bill shall have precedence on third reading until the same shall have been finally disposed of
109
Rule 40 Every motion to suspend the rules for the purpose of taking up hills or resolutions out of their regular order and every motion to make special orders shall except by the unanimous consent of the House be submitted in writing and reported upon by the Committee on Rules before being submitted to the House
Rule 41 It shall be in order to introduce bills or other mat Bills etc ter upon the call of the counities without any previous notice troduced having been given for that purpose
Rule 42 No debate shall be admitted upon any bill at the Question first reading and the question shall be Shall this bill be com wading mitted or engrossed In case of engrossment theentry thereof shall be made by the Clerk and the bill shall not be
amendable thereafter unless subsequently committed In case
of commitment it shall be to a committee of the whole House unless the House shall otherwise direct and bills committed Effect of to the whole House shall be considered in Committee of the Report of6 Whole House In cases where the report of a committee is commitlee favorable to the passage of a bill the same shall be read a sec porTof616 ond time and passed to a third reading without question committee Where the report of a committee is adverse to the passage of a bill on the second reading thereof the question shall be on agreeing to the report of the committee If the report of the committee is agreed to the bill shall be lost If the report of the committee is disagreed to the bill shall be passed to a third reading unless recommitted Any bill may be withdrawn at Bills when any stage thereof by consent of the House withdrawn
Rule 43 No bill or resolution shall be transmitted to the TransmisSenate on the day of the passage thereof unless twothirds of senate by the members present shall so order rity
Rule 44 No bill shall be printed until after the same has Bmg been reported to the House by the committee to Which it has PrineJ been referred or by request of said committee and the order
of the House agreeing thereto
1 as An Committee
r Kule 45 A11 proceedings touching the appropriating of money shall be considered in the Committee of the Whole fXio7See House et
110
Bills and Rule 46 All bills and resolutions shall be in writing and tobe in1 hall have the name of the member introducing the same as
How in well as the county he represents indorsed on the back of the same and in the case of bills the caption of the bill shall also be indorsed on the same
Rule 47 Where a bill or a resolution has been referred and
teesrder reported by more than one committee or has been reported of action on anc recommitted to the same committee the last committee report shall be acted on by the House and in all cases the report of the Committee of the Whole House shall be first acted on by the House
PRECEDENCE OP MOTIONS
k
Order of Rule 48 When any subject is before the House for eonsidprecedenceeration Qr uneT debate no motion shall be received except
the following to wit
1st Motion to adjourn
2d A motion to lay on table
3d A motion for the previous question
4th A motion to postpone indefinitely
5th A motion to postpone to a day certain
6th A motion to commit
7th A motion to amend
Which said motions shall have precedence in the order in which they stand as above arranged
MOTION TO ADJOURN
Not debat Rule 49 A motion to adjourn is in no instance debatable may blhen nor shall said motion be made a second time until further renewed grlg been maae in the business before the House
When Rule 50 A motion to adjourn on a particular day or for
6 a a 6 a particular time if made when the House is not actually engaged in other business is debatable
Rule 51 The motion to adjourn can be ipade at any time when the member moving it can legitimately obtain the floor
When
made
Ill
Rule 52 A motion to adjourn may be made after the mo when not tion for the previous question has been sustained but when the House has voted that the main question shall be now put no motion to adjourn is in order nor shall any motion to adjourn be in order after the Clerk has called the first name of the yeas and nays and a vote of one member has been given or after a division of the House has been had on a votb and the vote is in process of being counted and announced
Rule 53 When a motion to adjourn in its simple form pre
vails it adjourns the House to the next sitting day or time in adjourncourse
Rule 54 Whenever the hour of adjournment as fixed by a Hoyr of ad
v J journment
prior resolution shall arrive while the vote of the House is Woat buN r ness post
being taken by yeas and nays the session shall continue until pone
the final vote is taken and announced and if said fixed hour of adjournment shall arrive while the House is acting on the main question after a motion for the previous question has been sustained and before the vote on the main question is being taken either by a division or by the yeas and nays as aforesaid the House shall stand adjourned by virtue of said prior resolution
MOTIONS TO LAY ON THE TABLE
Rule 55 No motion to lay an amendment or substitute on Amend
the table shall he in order substitute
in i cannot be
Rule 56 A majority of a quorum voting may take from the laid n
table at any time when the House is not engaged on any other
measure any bill resolution or other paper which has been Hw mat
ters may be
ordered to lie on the table and when so taken up the same taken from is thereby restored to its appropriate place on the calendar
Rule 57 If the motion to lay on the table prevails it re 0ctt00f moves from the consideration of the House the measure totablegether with all the motions attached to it at the time it is so disposed of
Rule 58 When the proposition is again taken from the voteto4ke table it stands before the House in the exact form with all the fromtable
112
motions pertaining to it just as it did at the time the motion to lay on the table prevailed
totabiein Rule 59 After a yea and nay vote is called on any bill or
roiicaii is resolutionthe House not acting at the time under the precompleted n 1
vious questionand one vote has been recorded no motion
When renewed
Not debatable or amendable
Member cannot move to table his own motion
What can be tabled
When in orddt
to table shall be in order until the rollcall shall have been completed When any bill or resolution is tabled after the completion of the rollcall and then taken from the table nothing can be done except to announce the result of said vpte as shown by said rollcall at the time said bill or resolution was tabled
Rule 60 A motion to lay on the table or to take from the table can be renewed from time to time when new business has intervened between the votes
Rule 61 Neither the motion to lay on the table nor the motion to take from the table is debatable or amendable
Rule 62 No member having obtained the floor shall be allowed to submit a motion then move to lay that motion on the table nor shall he be allowed to yield the floor to any other member in order for said member to whom the floor is so yielded to move to lay the motion of the member yielding on the table
Rule 63 Nothing can be legitimately laid on the table excepting what can be taken up again
Rule 64 A motion to lay on the table may be made after the motion for the previous question has been sustained but when the House has voted on the main question shall be now put no motion to lay on the table is in order
THE MOTION FOR THE PREVIOUS QUESTION
Effect of Rule 65 The motion for the previous question shall be dequestion cided without debate and shall take precedence of all other motions except motions to adjourn or today on the table and when it is moved the question shall be Shall the motion for the previous question be sustained If this be decided by a majority vote in the affirmative the motion to adjourn
113
J
or to lay on the table can still be made but they must be made before the next question to wit Shall the main question be now put is decided in the affirmative and after said last question is affirmatively decided by a majority vote said motion will be out of order and the House can not adjourn until the previous question is exhausted or the regular hour of adjournment arrives
Rule 66 When the previous question has been ordered Twenty the House shall then proceed to act on the main question deS68 without debate except that before the main question is putallowedtwenty minutes shall be allowed to the committee whose report of the bill or other measure is under consideration to close the debate Where the report of the committee is adverse to the passage of the bill or other measure the introducer of the bill shall be allowed twenty minutes before the time allowed to the committee for closing the debate The Chairman of the committee or the introducer of the bill or other measure may yield the floor to such members as he may indicate for the time or any part of it allowed under this rule This rule shall not be construed to allow the twenty minutes above referred to to be used but nee on any bill or measure and then on the final passage of the bill or measure
Rule 67 After the main question is ordered any member may call for a division of the House in taking the vote vtehow or may call for the yeas and nays if the call for the yeas60 and nays is sustained by onefifth of the members voting the vote shall be taken by the yeas and nays and so entered on the Journal
Rule 68 The effect of the order that the main question be now put is to bring the House to a vote on pend ing questions in the order in which they stood before it wasaiaiPes moved orderei8
Rule 69 After the main question has been ordered
excepting one motion to reconsider the action in order ReconsidlDgthe main question no motion to reconsider shall be in when Si order until after the vote on the main question is takenordernnd announced
Rule 70 In all cases where a minority report has been sub contested mitted on any question if the previous question is ordered electionthere shall be twenty minutes allowed to the members whose name is first signed to said minority report or to such mem
8 m
114
Huw called and ordered
Call of the House when in order
Questions of order
ber or members as he may indicate for the time so allowed or any part of it before the twenty minutes allowed to the Chairman submitting the majority report
Rule 71 The previous question may be called and ordered upon a single motion or an amendmentj or it may be made to embrace all authorized motions or amendments and include the entire bill to its passage or rejection
Rule 72 A call of the House shall not be in order after the previous question is ordered unless it shall appear upon an actual count by the Speaker that a quorum is not present
Rule 73 All incidental questions of order arising after a motion is made for the previous question and pending such motion shall be decided whether on appeal or otherwise without debate
MOTIONS TO INDEFINITELY POSTPONE
Effect
Not amend ble
When cannot be applied
Not renewed
Rule 74 When a bill resolution or other measure is under consideration on the final reading thereof a motion to indefinitely postpone if decided in the affirmative by a majority of a quorum thereby disposes of said bill resolution or other measure for the session
Rule 75 The motion to indefinitely postpone lays open the whole question for debate but it cannot be amended
Rule 76 While the motion to indefinitely postpone takes precedence over a motion to postpone to a day certain or to commit or amend yet this motion cannot be applied to said motions nor can it be applied to incidental question such as questions of order reading of papers withdrawal of a motion and suspension of a rule
Rule 77 No motion to indefinitely postpone shall be renewed on any bill resolution or other measure after the same has been voted down
MOTION TO POSTPONE TO A DAY CERTAIN
Rule 78 The motion to postpone a bill resolution or other measure to a day certain when decided in the affirmative by
115
a majority of a quorum removes the subject from before the House until the time designated and makes it a privileged question for that day so selected
Rule 79 Jf the motion to postpone a bill a resolution or other measure is decided in the negative it leaves the question votebefore the House as it was before the motion was made and it cannot be moved a second time on same day or at the same stage of the proceeding
Rule 80 This motion to postpone to a day certain may be May be
a ix ended
amended by substituting one day tor another In this case the time would be treated as a blank and the Speaker should treat these propositions as he would those to fill blanks
Rule 81 If a day designated is known to be beyond the ses a day sion the Speaker shall treat the motion as though it had been the session a motion to indefinitely postpone the subject
Rule 82 On a motion to postpone to a day certain it is not whenand in order to debate the merits of the question proposed to be allowed postponed Debate may be allowed but it shall be confined strictly to the proposition to postpone and to show why one day is preferred to another It shall be the duty of the Speaker to hold members rigidly to these points
Rule 83 This motion cannot be applied to subordinate or Motion
how ap
incidental questions but must be applied to the whole bill plied resolution or other measure before the House and when it prevails it carries forward the whole proposition and its appendages to the day named
MOTIONS TO COMMIT
Rule 84 Motions to commit may be made to refer a bill MotIon t0 resolution or other measure to a standing or special committee commitor committee of the whole House
Rule 85 A motion to commit to a standing committee takes precedence precedence over a motionto commit to a special committee0 and shall be first voted on but where a motion is made that a bill resolution or other measure be committed to the committee of the whole House this motion shall be put before either of the above named motions
116
When debatable
How
amended
Motion to recommit
Amendments how made
Substitute
Bill first perfected then the substitute
When too late to amend
Rule 86 On a motion simply to commit no debate shall be allowed but where instructions are added the merits of the question can be debated
Rule 87 A motion to commit may be amended by adding instructions or by substituting another committee for the one named by the member making the motidn
Rule 88 Any proposition that has been referred to any committee either standing or special may on motion be recommitted to the same or any other committee by a majority of a quorum
MOTIONS TO AMEND
Rule 89 There are three ways in which a proposition may be amended to wit
1st By inserting or adding words
2d By striking out words
3d By striking out and inserting words
An amendment is itself subject to be amended in all three of the wavs above mentioned but it is not admissible to amend an amendment to an amendment
Rule 90 A substitute is simply an amendment it is in effect a motion to strike out all after the enacting clause of a bill or the word Resolved in a resolution and insert that offered as a substitute
Rule 91 When a bill or resolution is before the House for consideration and amendments are pending thereto and a substitute shall be offered for said bill or resolution and an amendment shall be offered to said substitute it shall be in order for the House to first perfect the original bill or resolution and then perfect the substitute The question shall then be on agreeing to the substitute as amended if it be amended and if decided in the affirmative the question shall be Shall this bill pass or resolution be adopted as the case may be by substitute
Rule 92 An amendment cannot be offered after the report of the committee to whom was referred the bill or resolution
11
under consideration has been agreed to by the House unless said action of the House in so agreeing to said report of said committee shall first be reconsidered
Eule 93 All motions to amend any matter before the tingin House must be in writing and must plainly and distinctly set forth the amendment desired and the part of the bill or resolution where said amendment shall be inserted or added
Rule 94 On all questions whether in committee or in the Pnor ty House the last amendment the most distant day and the largest sum shall be first put
Rule 95 Where blanks occur in any proposition they must Blanks be filed first before any motion is made to amend
Rule 96 The caption or preamble of a bill or resolution caption
f when
Shall not be considered or amended until the measure has been amended perfected
Rule 97 When a proposition consisting of several sections Sections or resolutions is on a final reading and the House shall agree to a motion to consider the same by sections or paragraphs the Clerk in reading the same shall pause at the end of each section or resolution and the amendments thereto shall be offered as the several sections or resolutions are read but the amendments offered by the committee to whom said bill or resolution was referred shall be read by the Clerk without any motion being made in the House and when a section or resolution shall have been considered it is not in order to recur back and amend it
Rule 98 When a motion is made to amend by striking out mrats by and inserting the Clerk shall read the paragraph as it is then out a1 the words to be stricken out and finally the whole paragraph nermgas it would be if amended
Rule 99 When a motion is made to amend by striking out Priority of
Amend
a paragraph any amendment offered to perfect the paragraph muo shall be put first before the question is put for striking it out
Rule 100 When any bill or resolution which originated in m the House has been amended in the Senate and is before the Amfndate House for action on the Senate amendment an amendment mensmay be offered in the House to the Senate amendment but the
See rule 136 House amendment to the Senate amendment can not be further amended it must be agreed to or voted down l Rule 101 A motion to amend an amendment made by the
Priority
Senate to the House bill or resolution takes precedence of a
motion to agree or disagree to said amendment questions Rule 102v The questions which arise before the House reamendte speeting amendments by the Senate to a House bill or resoments lution are
1st A motion to agree to the Senate amendment
2d A motion to disagree to the Senate amendment
3d A motion to recede from its disagreement or amendment
4fh A motion to insist on its disagreement or amendment 5th A motion to adhere to its disagreement or amendment They take precedence in the above order
RECONSIDERATION
Rule 103 When the Journal of the preceding day shall be reconsider read it shall be in the power of any member whether said member previously voted in the affirmative or negative on the matter sought to be reconsidered to moye for a reconsideration of any matter therein contained except such matter as has been previously reconsidered provided such member shall notify the House of his intention to move such reconsideration at any time before the Journal is confirmed be with Rule 104 The notice of a motion to reconsider shall not when be withdrawn after the time has elapsed within which it might originallv have been made
Whsn there
may be one Rule 105 No matter shall be reconsidered more than once
reconsider
ation Rule 106 Motion for reconsideration shall be in order lm
whenin mediatelv after the confirmation of the Journal on the dav
order
succeeding the action sought to be reconsidered except that any matter which could not be reconsidered on the succeeding day shall be in order for reconsideration on the day of said action
119
Rule 107 The action of the House upon an amendment ents may he reconsidered at any time before final action upon the dreered section bill or resolution to which it relates
Rule 108 All hills reconsidered shall take their place at piace0f the foot of the calendar of bills then in order for a third read Calendar
in g
COMMITTEE OF THE WHOLE HOUSE
Rule 109 The Speaker may resolve the House into a Com when mittee of the Whole without a motion being made therefor speakerby whenever a bill or resolution shall be in order for consideration on its third reading before the House which is required by See ruie the rules of this House to be considered in the Committee of the Whole
Rule 110 The House may resolve itself into a Committee dered by of the Whole House by a majority of a quorum voting on mo eHouselion of a member made for that purpose
Rule 111 In forming a Committee of the Whole House how the Speaker shall leave the chair and a Chairman to preside in committee shall be appointed by the Speaker
Rule 112 In the Committee of the Whole bills Shall be Proceed
ings
first read throughout by the Clerk and then again be read or debated by clauses or sections leaving the preamble to be last considered unless otherwise ordered
Rule 113 The Rules of the House shall be observed by the Committee of the Whole so far as they may be applicable except that it can not refer a matter to any other committee it cannot adjourn the previous question cannot be enforced a motion to lay on the table or indefinitely postpone shall not be in order a member may speak as often as he may obtain the floor no call of the House shall be in order nor shall any vote be taken by yeas and nays
Rule 114 If at any time in the Committee of the Whole
Debate
it shall be desired to close the debate or to limit the time to bow closed be allowed members for speaking the committee may rise and report its desire to the Houses and the House shall take such
120
action thereon as it may see fit by a resolution agreed for that purpose said resolution shall apply only to the subjectmatter before said committee and when said resolution has been agreed to or refused by the House the action of the House shall be deemed the sense of the committee and the House may then on motion again resolve itself into Committee of the Whole and continue the consideration of thesubject howex5 Hule 115 In the event that a Committee of the Whole tended House at any sitting shall for want of time fail to complete any matter under consideration it may on motion at any time in the committee made rise report progress and have leave to sit again generally or at a day certain
Motiod to Rule 116 A motion that the committee rise and report rise etc
progress and ask leave to sit again can be made at any time when the mover thereof can legitimately obtain the floor and shall take precedence over all other motions and shall be decided without debate and when it prevails the committee shall immediately rise
Reeonsid Kule 117 A motion to reconsider shall be in order in Comeration
mittee of the Whole
when110 Rule 118 The Committee of the Whole shall not proceed
present with the business before it whenever a vote on any question shall disclose the fact that no quorum of the House is present Whenever it is suggested that a quorum is not present the Chairman of the committee shalllsatisfy himself of the fact by actual count of the committee and report the same to the committee and the Chairman shall on his own motion order that the committee immediately rise and he shall report the fact of the absence of a quorum to the House
Rule 119 The Speaker may in Committee of the Whole bersishall take part in the proceedings and he as well as all other mqmIxcusedess bers shall vote on all questions before the committee unless excused therefrom and no pairing of members shall be recognized or allowed in the Committee o e the Whole
Amend Rule 120 Amendments proposed by the Committee of the ments Whole may be amended or rejected by the House and matters stricken out by the committee may be restored by the House
121
Rule 121 A Committee of the Whole House can not punish oonductly disorderly conduct of its members but must report the same rePrtedto the House for action thereon
Rule 122 The Chairman of the Committee of the Whole morder shall have power to have the galleries or lobbies cleared in beared8 case of any disorderly conduct therein
Rule 123 When the Committee of the Whole have disposed proceedof the bill resolutions or other measures befose it by motion whentmsiand question it shall rise and the Chairman will be instructed fus finish to report the action of the committee to the House At thised point the Speaker will resume his seat and the Chairman will return to the floor and will state in substance as follows
Mr Speaker the Committee of the Whole House have had under consideration naming what and have instructed me as their Chairman to report the same back to the House with the recommendation that the same do pass or do pass as amended or do not pass as the case may be
The Speaker will receive this report and repeat the same and the matter will then be before the House for action just as though reported by any other committee
Rule 124 The proceedings of the Committee of the Whole shall not be recorded in the Journal of the House except soRecordfar as reportedto the House by the Chairman of said committee
Rule 125 When in the Committee of the Whole any papers Papers in the possession of the House may be called for by any mem nfor ber and read by the Clerk for the information of the committee unless the committee shall otherwise order
Rule 126 Amendments offered to an amendment in theRePrt Committee of the Whole shall not be reported to the House tain result
i n of eommit
but the report shall contain only the result of the committees tes ac action on the bill resolution or measure under consideration before it

122
ABSENTEES
Rule 127 The rplleall at the opening of each session of the House shall not be dispensed with except by a threefourths vote of the members present
Rule 128 Upon the call of all th members ordinary and extraordinary the names of the absentees shall be noted by the Clerk and shall appear upon the Journal And it shall be the duty of the Clerk to keep a separate list of the absentees from each days proceedings which list shall be entered upon the Journal and shall show which of said absentees are absent without leave and of those absent with leave which are absent for providential causes and which for business reasons which said separate list shall be read in the House with the J ournal upon which the same is entered
The Clerk shall also keep a book accessible to the Committee on Excuses of Members Absent without Leave the names of all such absentees noting such as are absent without leave and the members so absent without leave unless excused by the House shall not be entitled to draw pay for the time they are so absent
Auditing shall be the duty of the Committee on Auditing to incommittee quire into the matter before passing upon any members account
Excuse of Excuses of members absent without leave shall be submitmembers ted to the Committee on Excuses of Members Absent without Leave and the recommendation of some member of said committee shall be necessary to have said excuse allowed by the House
COMPELLING ATTENDANCE
Power to Rule lv9 The power to compel the attendance of members attendance order to keep or secure a quorum shall be vested in the Speaker and to this end he may have the doors of the House closed When the doors are so closed no member shall be allowed to retire from the House without first obtaining leave from the House
Morning
rollcall
di pensed
with by
three
fourths
vote
Names of absentees noted
123
The Messenger of the House shall be ex officio Sergeantat Arms of the House and on order of the Speaker may arrest any absentees and bring them before the House when necessary to secure a quorum as aforesaid
CxVLL OP THE HOUSE
Eule 130 Whenever the result of a vote taken shall disclose the fact that no quorum of the House is present or when the Speaker shall officially state the fact to the House it shall be in order for any member to make a motion for a call of the House and when this motion is made the Speaker shall state the question as follows Shall the motion for the call of the House prevail and if fifteen of the members present shall vote in the affirmative the Speaker shall order the Clerk to call the roll of members and the absentees shall be noted the doors shall then be closed after which the names of the absentees shall again be called over and those who do not appear and who are absent without leave may by the order of the majority of the members present be sent for and arrested wherever they may be found by the officers to be appointed by the Messenger for that purpose and their attendance secured and the House shall determine upon what conditions they shall be discharged
CONSTITUTIONAL KULES
Eule 131 A majority of each House shall constitute a quoyrum to transact business but a smaller number may adjourn from day to day and compel the presence of its absent members as each House may provide
Art 3 Sec 4 Par 4
Eule 132 Each Senator and Eepresentative before taking his seat shall take the following oath or affirmation to wit I will support the Constitution of this State and of the United States and on all questions and measures which may come before me I will so conduct myself as will in my judg
Sergeant
atarms
Call how ordered Subsequnt Proceedings
What is a quorum Competing attendance
Oath of members
124
Majorityrequired to pass bill
Yeas and nays order by onefifth of members present
Bill or rsolu tions appropriating money must pass by yeas and nays
Constitutional twothirds vote taken by yeas aud nays
Beading of bills
Bevenue
bills
One subject matter etc
An amendment to laws and sections of Code
rnent be most conducive to the interest and prosperity of this State
Art 3 Set 4 Par 5
Exile 133 No bill shall become a law unless it shall receive a majority of the votes of all the members elected to each House of the General Assembly and it shall in every instance appear on the Journal
Art 3 Sec 7 Par 14
Rule 134 The yeas and nays on any question shall at the desire of onefifth of the members present be entered on the J ournal
Art 3 Sec 7 Par 6
Rule 135 No bill or resolution appropriating money shall become a law unless upon its passage the yeas and nays in each House are recorded
Art 3 Sec 7 Par 12
Rule 136 Whenever the Constitution require a vote of twothirds of either or both Houses for the passage of an Act or resolution the yeas and nays on the passage thereof shall be entered on the Journal
Art 3 Sec 7 Par 21
Rule 137 Every bill before it shall pass shall be read three times and on three separate days in eaeh House unless in cases of actual invasion or insurrection The first and second reading of local bills shall be by titles only The third reading of local bills must be full and complete
Art 3 Sec 7 Par 7
Rule 138 All bills for raising revenue or appropriating money shall originate in the House of Representatives but the Senate may propose or concur in amendments as in other bills
Art 3 Sec 7 Par 10
Rule 139 No law or ordinance shall pass which refers to more than one subjectmatter or contains matter different from what is expressed in the title thereof
Art 3 Sec 7 Par 8
Rule 140 No law or section of the Code shall be amended or repealed by mere reference to its title or to the number of
125
the section of the Code but the amending or repealing Act shall distinctly describe the law to be amended or repealed as well as the alteration to be made
Art 3 Sec 7 Par 17
Rule 141 Laws of a general nature shall have uniform operation throughout the State and no special law shall be variedenacted in any case for which provisions have been made by an existing general law No general law affecting private rights shall be varied in any particular case by special legislation except with the consent in writing of all persons to be
affected thereby and no person under legal disability to con and when
required
tract is capable of such consent
Art 1 Sec 4 Par 1
Rule 142 The General Assembly shall have no power to Corporagrant corporate powers and privileges to private companies except banking insurance railroad canal navigation express and telegraph companies nor to make or change election precincts nor establish bridges or ferries nor to change names or legitimate children but itshall prescribe by law the Power deimanner in which such power shall be exercised by the courts courts Art 3 Sec 7 Par 1
Rule 143 The General Assembly shall have no power to Relief pf relieve principles or securities upon forfeited recognizances Zauce fromthe payment thereof either before or after judgment thereon unless the principal in the recognizance shall have been apprehended and placed in the custody of the proper officer
Art 3 Sec 7 Par 19
Rule 144 The General Appropriation bill shall embrace what the
general
nothing except appropriations fixed by previous laws the or approjvriadinary expenses of the Executive Legislative and Judicial shall conDepartments of the Government paying of the public debt and interest thereon and for the support of the public institurJteiis tions and educational interests of the State All other appro priations shall be made by separate bills each embracing but one subject
Art 3 Sec 7 Par 9
Adjourn
ments
Elections
Rejected Mils again considered by a twothirds vot
Session limited to fifty days
Elections
disorderly
conduct
Expulsion by twothirds vote
Signature of Governor when required
Rule 145 Neither House shall adjourn for more than three days or to any other place without the consent of the other and in case of disagreement between the two Houses on a question of adjournment the Governor may adjourn either or both of them
Art 3 Sec 7 Par 24
Rule 146 All elections by the General Assembly shali be viva voce and the vote shall appear on the Journal of the House of Representatives When the Senate and House of Representatives unite for the purpose of elections they shall meet in the Representative Hall and the President of the Senate shall in such cases preside and declare result
Art 3 Sec 10 Par 1
Rule 147 No bill or ordinance or resolution intended to i have the effect of a law which shall have been rejected by either House shall be again proposed during the same session under the same or any other title without the consent of twothirds of the House by which the same was rejected
Art 3 Sec 7 Par 13
Rule 148 The General Aseembly meets annually on the fourth Wednesday in June and the House and Senate are called to order at 10 oclock a m The Annual sessions are limited to fifty days
Art 3 Sec 4 Par 6
Rule 149 Each House shall be the judge of the election returns and qualifications of its members and shall have power to punish them for disorderly behavior or misconduct by censure fine or imprisonment or expulsion but no member shall be expelled except by a vote of twothirds of the House to which he belongs
Art 3 Sec 7 Par 1
Rule 150 No provision of this Constitution for a twothirds vote of both Houses of the General Assembly shall be construed to waive the necessity for the signature of the Governor as in any other case except in the twothirds vote required to override the veto and in case of prolongation of a session of the General Assembly
Art 2 Sec 7 Par 23
127
Rule 151 The Governor shall have the revision of all bills Governors passed by the General Assembly before the same shall become laws but twothirds of each House may pass a bill notwithstanding his dissent and if any bill should not be returned by the Governor within five days Sunday excepted after it has been presented to him the same shall be a law unless the General Assembly by their adjournment shall prevent its return He may approve any appropriation and disapprove any Effect of other appropriation in the same bill and the latter shall not vote1 irds be effectual unless passed by twothirds of each House
Art 5 Sec 1 Par 16
Rule 152 Every vote resolution or order to which the con when Gov
ernor must
currence of both Houses may be necessary except on a question approve of election or adjournment shall be presented to the Governor Egeetof and before it shall take effect be approved by him or being thirds disapproved shall be passed by twothirds of each House
Art 5 Sec 1 Par 17
Rule 153 Ho county site hall be changed or removed ex Twothird s cept by a twothirds vote of the qualified voters of the county voting at an election held for that purpose and a twothirds vote of the General Assembly
Art 11 Sec 1 Par 4
Rule 154 Any amendment or amendments to this Constitution may be proposed in the Senate or House of Representa vote retires and if the same shall be agreed to by twothirds of the amendn members elected to each of the two Houses such proposed constituamendment or amendments shall be entered on their Journals with the yeas and nays taken thereon and the General Assembly shall cause such amendment or amendments to be published in one or more newspapers in each Congressional District for two months previous to the time of holding the next general election and shall provide for submission of such proposed amendment or amendments to the people at the said next general election and if the people shall ratify such amendment or amendments by a majority of the electors qualified to vote for members of the General Assembly voting thereon such amendment or amendments shall become a part
128
of this Constitution When more than one amendment is submitted at the same time they shall be so submitted as to enable the electors to vote on each amendment separately
Art 13 Sec 1 Par 1
Two thirds 155 No convention of the people shall be called by the
quiredto General Assembly to revise amend or change the Constitution vention1 unless by the concurrence of twothirds of allthe members of How called eacp1 House of the General Assembly The representation in said convention shall be based on the population as near as practicable
Art 13 Sec 1 Par 2
Rule 153 The Judges of the Supreme Court shall have out judgesf f of the treasury of the State salaries not to exceed four thoussand dollars per annum the Judges of the Superior Courts shall have salaries not to exceed three thousand dollars per annum the AttorneyGeneral shall have a salary not to exceed two thousand dollars per annum and the SolicitorsGeneral shall each have salaries not to exceed two hundred and fifty dollars per annum but the AttorneyGeneral shall not have any fee or perquisite in any cases arising after the adoption of this Constitution but the provisions of this section shall not affect those now in office
Maybe The General Assembly may at any time by a twothirds at wnoed by vote of each branch prescribe other and different salaries for thirds vote any Qr officers but no such changes shall af
fect the officers then in commission
Art 6 Sec 13 Pars 1 and 2
Rule 157 No local or special bill shall be passed unless Evidence notice of the intention to apply therefor shall have been pub
of notice of x J
local and Rshed in the locality where the matter or thing to be affected
special
Mils must may situated which notice shall be given at least thirty ted before avs prior to the introduction of such bill into the General same Assembly and in the manner to be prescribed by law The evidence of such notice having been published shall be exhibited in the General Assembly before such Act shall be passed
Art 3 Sec 7 Par 16
129
MISCELLANEOUS RULES
Rule 158 When a message shall be sent to the House of Messages Representatives it shall be announced at the door of the House by the Doorkeeper and be respectfully communicated to the chair by the person through whom it may be sent
Rule 159 Messages may be received at any time while the Messages door is open except while a question is being put or a ballot ceivedand or a viva voce is being taken A message shall be presented cons ere to the House by the Speaker when received or afterwards according to its nature and the business in which the House is engaged or its consideration may on motion be ordered by the House
Rule 160 It shall be the order of the day every Wednesday Petitions to take up and decide on reports of committees on petitions and all petitions shall be numbered as they are received and taken up and disposed of in the order they were received unlessotherwise ordered by a majority of the House
Rule 161 Aftera motion is stated by the Speaker or read Motions by the Clerk it shall be deemed to be in the possession of the House but may be withdrawn at any time before the decision by consent of the House
Rule 162 Any member presenting a petition memorial or PettIons remonstrance shall as concisely as practicable intimate the memorials name and object of the petitioner memorialist or remonstrant which shall be noted on the Journal and the paper may then be referred without reading
Rule 163 The several standing committees of the House Commit shall have leave to report by bill or otherwise The retees port of the Committee on Rules is in order at any time when the House is not actually engaged in other business
Rule 164 The Clerk of the House shall take an oath for clerk the true and faithful discharge of the duties of his office to the best of his knowledge and abilities and shall be deemed to continue in office until another be elected
Rule 165 The clerk shall take special care of the books Clerk provided for the use of the House
Rule 166 The Committee on Enrollment shall carefully Committee compare enrolled bills and resolutions and correcting any er ment
9 m
Suspension q rules
39b debate
Motions aot privileged
Kecoixl
Biot necessary to second motion
Committees tow and when a larged
Privi s of the jioor
Dnty of Cbtrmitfee oil tournais
Tors that may be discovered in the enrolled bills or other papers make their report forthwith of their respective Houses
Eule 167 The rules of this House known as Constitutional rules shall in no case he suspended all other rules shall in no case he suspended nor the order of business be changed except by a vote of threefourths of the members voting
Eule 168 Any motion to suspend rules or change the order of business shall be decided without debate
Eule 169 Any motion not privileged containing new matter shall lie at least one day on the table
Eule 170 Whenever on any question the yeas and nays shall have been ordered the Clerk shall also enter on the Journal the names of those members not voting
Eule 171 When a motion is made by any member it shall not be necessary that the same shall be seconded before being put to the House
Eule 172 After the announcement of the standing committee no other members shall be placed thereon except when members have been elected to fill veancies caused by death or otherwise the Speaker may assign said members to such committees as he may see fit and he may fill any vacancy in chairmanships
Eule 173 Ho person shall be allowed to enter upon the floor of the House except the members and officers thereof the officers and members of the Senate the Governor of the State and the heads of the offices of the Executive Department State house officers and members of the Press actively reporting legislative proceedings exGovernors Judges of the Supreme and Superior Courts and solicitorsgeneral in actual commission expresiding officers of the House and Senate Judges and DistrictAttorneys of the United States Courts and such others as the House may allow upon recommendation of the Committee on the Privileges of the Floor
Eule 174 It shall be the duty of the Committee on Journals to read the Journal of each days proceedings and report to the House that the same is correct before the Joumal is read bv the Clerk
131
Rule 175 The House may by unanimous consent relieve Effect of
unanimous
itself from the operation of any rule other than the Constitu consent tional Rules of the House The speaker shall entertain but one request for unanimous consent at any one time
Rule 176 No member shall take any books or papers from the possession of the House or Clerk without first acquainting KSpt the Clerk and giving him a receipt to return the same in a rea botfkVand sonable time or on his demand papers
Rule 177 The hour to which the House shall stand ad mentUrn journed every day shall be 10 oclock am of the succeeding day except Sunday unless otherwise ordered by the House Motion for
Rule 178 A motion for the call of the yeas and nays shall uaysnot be decided without debate
Rule 179 All Acts and joint resolutions shall be signed bv Slnature
J of Speaker
Speaker and Clerk and all writs warrants and subpoenas is aild clerksued br order of the House shall be signed by the Speaker and attested by the Clerk
Rule 180 It shall be the duty of the Messenger to attend Messenger to the wants of the House while in session to aid in the enforcement of order under the direction of the Speaker to execute the demands of the House from time to time together with all such processes issued under its authority as may be directed to him by the Speaker
Rule 181 The Messenger under the direction of the Clerk Messenshall superintend the distribution by the Pages of all docu fndfstrib3
uting docu
ments and papers to be distributed to the members he shall mentsetc
distribute to the members the usual and necessary stationery
required by them
Rule 182 No Committee of the Whole or other committee shall deface or interline a bill resolution or other paper re denferred to said committee but shall report any amendment recommended on a separate paper noting the section page or line to which said amendments relate
Rule 183 No pairing of members shall be recognized or al Pairing lowed as an excuse for not voting
Rule 184 Whenever any member moves that a Committee of Conference on disagreeing votes of the two Houses nam on confer6 ing the number of members be appointed if said motion pre euce

132
vails the Speaker shall appoint a committee on the part of the House and in such case the committee shall consist of only such members as voted in the majority on the position assumedby the House and if by inadvertence any member be nominated on said committee who was not in said majority vote he shall notify the House and be excused by the Speaker Amend Rule 185 After commitment of a bill and report thereof ments to the House it may be amended before the report of the committee is agreed to by the House but the amendments if anyr reported by the committee shall be disposed of before any other amendment be considered unless it be an amendment to a committee amendment
Rule 186 Ho motion on a subject different from that under consideration shall be admitted under color of amendment If a motion be made to strike out part of a bill or resolution a motion to amend the part proposed to be stricken out shalL be first in order
Majority Rule 187 All reports of a committee shall be in writing nority1 and the minority of a committee may make a report in writreports forth succinctly the reasons for their dissent
What mo Rule 188 Every motion for information from the Execuon table tive Department shall lie on the table one day
Rule 189 On the call of the yeas and nays the Clerk shall votes8108 read the names of the members after they have been called and no member shall be permitted to change his vote unless he at that time declares that he voted under a mistake of the question
Questions Rule 190 Questions of privilege shall be first those affecting the rights of the House collectively its safety dignity and the integrity of its proceedings second the rights reputation and conduct of members individually in their representative capacity only and shall have precedence of all other questions except a motion to adjourn
Rule 191 In all elections a majority of the members present shall be necessarv to a choice
133
COMMITTEES
Rule 192 The Speakers shall appoint the following standing committees
Committee on Amendments to the Constitution Committee on Appropriations
General Committee on Agriculture for consideration of general bills
Special Committee on Agriculture for consideration of special and local bills
Committee on Auditing
Committee on Banks
Committee on Blind Asylum
Committee on Corporations
Committee on Counties and County Matters
Committee on Education
Committee on Enrollment
Committee on Excuse of Members Absent without Leave Committee on Game and Fish
Committee on Georgia School for the Deaf
Committee on Georgia State Sanitarium
Committee on Hall and Committee Rooms
Committee on Hygiene and Sanitation
Committee on Invalid Pensions
Committee on Internal Improvement
Committee on Immigration
Committee on Journals
General Committee on Judiciary for the consideration of general bills
Special Committee on Judiciary for consideration of special and local bills
Committee on Labor and Labor Statistics
Committee on Manufactures
Committee on Military Affairs
Committee on Mines and Mining
Committee on New Countie
Committee on Pensions
Committee on Penitentiary
Committee on PublicLibrary
134
Committee on Public Printing
Committee on Public Property
Committee on Privileges of the Floor
Committee on Privileges and Elections
Committee on Railroads
Committee on Public Roads and Highways
Committee on Rules of which the Speaker shall be ex officio Chairman
Committee on State of the Republic
Committee on Temperance
Committee on University of Georgia and its Branches Committee on Ways and Means
Committee on Western and Atlantic Railroad for the consideration of all matters pertaining to the Western and Atlantic Railroad
Committee on Wild Lands
The Chairman and Chairman pro tern of the Committee on Appropriations shall be ex officio members of the Committee on Ways and Means and the Chairman and Chairman pro tern of the Committee on Ways and Means shall be ex officio members of the Committee on Appropriations
ORDER OF BUSINESS
Rule 193 The following shall be the order of business
1 Prayer by the Chaplain
2 Call of the Roll
3 Reading of the Journal
4 Confirmation of the Journal
5 Motion to Reconsider
6 Reports of Standing Committees
7 Unfinished business of previous session
8 Orders of the day
9 On Mondays Wednesdays and Fridays call of the counties for the introduction of new matter On Wednesdays third reading of Senate bills and resolutions
135
10 House bill for third reading and House bills with Senate amendments
11 House bills for second reading
12 House resolutions
13 On Mondays and Fridays immediately after the call of the counties Senate bills for first and second reading shall be in order
14 On Wednesday immediately after the call of the counties all petitions and reports of committees on petitions shall be in order
15 Bills of Senate for Third reading
16 Senate resolutions
17 The reports of the Committee on Enrollment may be made at any time
18 After the regular order of business for each day shall have beeen exhausted House bills for first and second reading and Senate bills for first and second reading respectively shall be in order
Unless otherwise ordered by the House no general bill or resolutions shall be in order fora third reading at Saturdays session
Buie 194 No change of or addition to these rules shall be changing made unless such proposed change or addition be first referred ru es to the Committee on Buies and reported back to the House
Buie 195 When any question arises which is not provided Question for in the foregoing Buies the same shall be controlled by the videa foiv rules usually governing parliamentary bodies
Rule 196 The Auditing Committee shall before auditiug the account of auy member for expenses of a committeeman or any account prescribed by a member for any expense incurred in discharge of any duty as a member of this house require of such an itemized statement of such account supported by proper vouchers for each item of said account
CONSTITUTION
OF THE
STATE OF GEORGIA
BILL OF RIGHTS
PREAMBLE
To perpetuate the principles of free government insure justice to all preserve peace promote the interest and happiness of the citizen and transmit to posterity the enjoyment of liberty we the people of Georgia relying upon the protection and guidence of Almighty God do ordain ahd establish this Constitution
ARTICLE I
Section I
Paragraph I All government of right originates with the people is founded upon their will only and is instituted solely for the good of the whole Public officers are the trustees and servants of the people and at all times amenable to them
Par II Protection to person and property is the paramount duty of government and shall be impartial and complete
Par III No person shall be deprived of life liberty or property except by due process of law
Par IV No person shall be deprived of the right to prosecute or defend his own cause in any of the Courts of this State in person by attorney or both
Par V Every person charged with an offense against the laws of this State shall have the privilege and benefit of counsel shall be furnished on demand with a copy of the accusation and a list of the witnesses on whose testimony the charge against him is founded shall have compulsory process to obtain the testimony of his own witnesses shall be confronted with the witnesses testifying against him and shall have a public and speedy trial by an impartial jury
Par VI No person shall be compelled to give testimony tending in any way to criminate himself
Par VII Neither banishment beyond the limits of the Stats nor whipping as a punishment for crime shall be allowed
Par VIII No person shall be put in jeopardy of life or liberty more than once for the same offense save on his r her own motion for a new trial after conviction or in case of mistrial
Par IX Excessive bail shall not be required nor excessive fines imposed nor cruel and unusual punishment inflicted nor shall any person be abused in being arrested while under arrest or in prison
Par X No person shall be compelled to pay costs except after conviction on final trial Tw
Par XI The writ of habeas corpus shall not be suspended
188
Par XII All men have the natural and inalienable right to worship God each according to the dictates of his own conscience and no human authority should in any case control or interfere with such right of conscience
Par XIII No inhabitant of this State shall be molested in person or property or prohibited from holding any public office or trust on account of his religious opinions but the right of liberty of conscience shall not be so construed as to excuse acts of licentiousness or justify practices inconsistent with the peace and safety of the State
Par XIV No money shall ever be taken from the public treasury directly or indirectly in aid of any church sect or denomination of religionists or of any sectarian institution
Par XV No law shall ever be passed to curtail or restrain the liberty of speech or of the press any person may speak write and publish his sentiments on all subjects being responsible for the abuse of thatliberty
Par XVI The right of the people to be secure in their persons houses papers and effects against unreasonable searches and seizures shall not be violated and no warrant shall issue except upon probable cause supported by oath or affirmation particularly describing the place or places to be searched and the person or things to be seized
Par XVII There shall be within the State of Georgia neither slavery nor involuntary servitude save as a punishment for crime after legal conviction thereof
Par XVIII The social status of the citizen shall never be the subject of legislation
Par XX The civil authority shall be superior to the military and no soldier shall in time of peace be quartered in any house without the consent of the owner nor in time of war except by the civil magistrate in such manner as may be provided by law
Par XX The power of the Courts to punish for contempts shall be limited by legislative acts
Par XXI There shall be no imprisonment for debt
Par XXII The right of the people to keep and bear arms shall not be infringed but the General Assembly shall have power to prescribe the manner in which arms may be borne
Par XXIII The legislative judicial and executive powers shall forever remain separate and distinct and no person discharging the duties of one shall at the same time exercise the functions of either of the others except as herein provided
Par XXIV The people have the right to assemble peaceably for their common good and to apply to those vested with the powers of government for redress of grievances by petition or remonstrance
Par XXV All citizens of the United States resident in this State are hereby declared citizens of this State and it shall be the duty of the General Assembly to enact such laws as will protect them in the full enjoyment of the rights privilges and immunities due to such citizenship
Section II
Paragraph I In all prosecutions or indictments for libel the truth may be given in evidence and the jury in all criminal cases shall be the judges of the law and the facts Th power of the Judges to grant new trials in case of conviction is preserved
Par II Treason against the State of Georgia shall consist in levying war against her adhering to her enemies giving them aid and com fort No person shall be convicted of treason except on the testimony f two witnesses to the same overt act or confession in open Court
139
Par III No conviction shall work corruption of blood or forfeiture of estate
Par IY All lotteries and the sale of lottery tickets are hereby prohibited and this prohibition shall be enforced by penal laws
Par V Lobbying is declared to be a crime and the General Assembly shall enforce this provision by suitable penalties
Par VI The General Assembly shall have the power to provide for the punishment of fraud and shall provide by law for reaching property of the debtor concealed from the creditor
Section III
Paragraph I In cases of necessity private ways may be granted upon just compensation being first paid by the applicant Private property shall not be taken or damaged for public purposes without just and adequate compensation being first paid
Par II No bill of attainder ex post facto law retroactive law or law impairing the obligation of contracts or making irrevocable grants of special privileges or immunities shall be passed
Par III No grant of special privileges or immunities shall be revoked except in such manner as to work no injustice to the corporators or creditors of the incorporation
Section IV
Paragraph I Laws of a general nature shall have uniform operation throughout the State and no special law shall be enacted in any case for which provision has been made by an existing general law No general law affecting private rights shall be varied in any particular case by special legislation except with the free consent in writing of all persons affected thereby and no person under legal disability to contract is capable of such consent
Par II Legislative Aots in violation of this Constitution or the Constitution of the United States are void and the Judiciary shall so declare them
Section V
Paragraph I The people of this State have the inherent sole and exclusive right of regulating their internal government and the police thereof and of altering and abolishing their Constitution whenever it may be necessary to their safety and happiness
Par II The enumeration of rights herein contained as a part of this Constitution shall not be construed to deny to the people any inherent rights which they may have hitherto enjoyed
AKTICLE II
ELECTIVE FRANCHISE
Section I
Paragraph I In all elections by the people the electors shall vote by ballot
r
140
Par II Every male citizen of the United States except as hereinafter provided twentyone years of age who shall have resided in this State one year next preceding the election and shall have resided six months in the county in which he offers to vote and shall have paid all taxes which may hereafter be required of him and which he may have had an opportunity of paying agreeable to law except for the year of the election shall be deemed an elector Provided that no soldier sailor or marine in the military or naval service of the United States shall acquire the rights of an elector by reason of being stationed on duty in this State and no person shall vote who if challenged shall refuse to take the following oath or affirmation I do swear or affirm that I am twentyone years of age have resided in this State one year and in this county six months next preceding this election I have paid all taxes which since the adoption of the present Constitution of this State have been required of me previons to this year and which I have had an opportunity to pay and I have not voted at this election
Section II
Paragraph I The General Assembly may provide from time to time for the registration for all electors but the following classes of persons shall not be permitted to register vote or hold any office or appointment of honor or trust in this State to wit 1st Those who shall have been convicted in any Court of competent jurisdiction of treason against the State of embezzlement of public funds malefeasance in office bribery or larceny or of any crime involving moral turpitude punishable by the laws of this State with imprisonment in the penitentiary unless such person shall have been pardoned 2d Idiots and insane persons
Section III
Paragraph I Electors shall in all cases except for treason felony larceny and breach of the peace be privileged from arrest during their attendance on elections and in going to and returning from the same
Section IV
Paragraph I No person who is the holder of any public money contrary to law shall be eligible to any office in this State until the same is accounted for and paid into the treasury
Par II No person who after the adoption of this Constitution being a resident of this State shall have been convicted of fighting a duel in this State or convicted of sending or accepting a challenge or convicted of aiding or abetting such duel shall hold office in this State unless he shall have been pardoned and every such person shall also be subject to such punishment as may be prescribed by law
Section V
Paragraph I The General Assembly shall by law forbid the sale distribution or furnishing of intoxicating drinks within two miles of election precincts on days of electionState county or municipaland prescribe punishment for any violation of the same
141
Section VI
Paragraph I Returns of elections for all civil officers elected by the people who are to be commissioned by the Governor and also for the members of the General Assembly shall be made to the Secretary of State unless otherwise provided by law
ARTICLE III
LEGISLATIVE DEPARTMENT
Section I
Paragraph I The legislative power of the State shall be vested in a General Assembly which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives
Section II
Paragraph I The Senate shall consist of fortyfour members There shall be fortyfour Senatorial districts as now arranged by counties Each district shall have one Senator
The First Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Chatham Bryan and Effingham
The Second Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Liberty Tattnall and McIntosh
The Third Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Wayne Pierce and Appling
The Fourth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Glynn Camden and Charlton
The Fifth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Coffee Ware and Clinch
The Sixth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Echols Lowndes and Berrien
The Seventh Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Brooks Thomas and Colquitt
The Eighth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Decatur Mitchell and Miller
The Ninth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Early Calhoun and Baker
The Tenth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Dougherty Lee and Worth
The Eleventh Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Clay Randolph arid Terrell
The Twelfth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Stewart Webster and Quitman
The Thirteenth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Sumter Schley and Macon
The Fourteenth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Dooly Wilcox Pulaski and Dodge
The Fifteenth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Montgomery Telfair and Irwin
The Sixteenth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Laurens Emanuel and Johnson
The Seventeenth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Screven Bulloch and Burke

142
The Eighteenth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Richmond Glascock and Jefferson
The Nineteenth Senatorial District shall he composed of the counties of Taliaferro Greene and Warren
The Twentieth Senatorial District shall he composed of the counties off Baldwin Hancock and Washington
The Twentyfirst Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Twiggs Wilkinson and Jones
The Twentysecond Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Bibb Monroe and Pike
The Twentythird Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Houston Crawford and Taylor
The Twentyfourth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Muscogee Marion and Chattahoochee
The Twentyfifth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Harris Upson and Talbot
The Twentysixth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Spalding Butts and Payette
The Twentyseventh Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Newton Walton Clarke Oconee and Rockdale
The Twentyeighth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Jasper Putnam and Morgan
The Twentyninth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Wilkes Columbia Lincoln and McDuffie
The Thirtieth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Oglethrope Madison and Elbert
The Thirtyfirst Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Hart Habersham and Franklin
The Thirtysecond Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of White Dawson and Lumpkin
The Thirtythird Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Hall Banks and Jackson
The Thirtyfourth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Gwinnett DeKalb and Henry
The Thirtyfifth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of CJayton Cobb and Pulton
The Thirtysixth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Campbell Coweta Meriwether and Douglas
The Thirtyseventh Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Carroll Heard and Trout
The Thirtyeighth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Haralson Polk and Paulding
The Thirtyninth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Milton Cherokee and Forsyth
The Fortieth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Union Towns and Rabun
The Fortyfirst Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Pickens Fannin and Gilmer
The Fortysecond Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Bartow Floyd and Chattooga
The Fortythird Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Murray Gordon and Whitfield
The Fortyfourth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of W alker Dade and Catoosa
Par III The General Assembly may change these districts after each census of the United States Provided that neither the number of districts nor the number of Senators from each district shall be increased

143
Section III
Paragraph I The House of Representatives shall consist of one hundred and seventyfive Representatives apportioned among the several counties as follows to wit To the six counties having the largest population viz Chatham Richmond Burke Floyd Bibb and Fulton three Representatives each to the twentysix counties having the next largest population viz Dooly Bartow Coweta Decatur Houston Greene Gwinnett Harris Jefferson Meriwether Monroe Muscogee Pulaski DeKalb Hall Walton Sumter Thomas Troup Washington Hancock Carroll Cobb Jackson Oglethorpe and Wilkes two Representatives each and to the remaining one hundred and five counties one Representative each
Par II The above apportiontment shall be changed by the General Assembly at its first session after each census taken by the United States Government so as to give the six counties having the largest population three Representatives each and to the twentysix countieshaving the next largest population two Representatives each but in no event shall the aggregate number of Representatives be increased
Section IV
Paragraph I The members of the General Assembly shall be elected for two years and shall serve until their successors are elected
Par II The first election for members of the General Assembly under this Consitution shall take place on the first Wednesday in December 1877 the second election for the same shall be held on the first Wednesday in October 1880 and subsequent elections biennially on that day until the day of election is changed by law
Par III The first meeting of the General Assembly after the ratification of this Constitution shall be on the fourth Wednesday in October 1878 and annually thereafter on the same day until the day shall be changed by law But nothing herein contained shall be construed to prevent the Governor from calling an extra session of the General Assembly before the first Wednesday in November 1878 if in his opinion the public good shall require it
Par IV A majority of each House shall constitute a quorum to transact business but a smaller number may adjourn from day to day and compel the presence of its absent members as each House may provide
Par V Each Senator and Representative before taking his seat shall take the following oath or affirmation to wit I will support the Constitution of this State and of the United States and on all questions and measures which may come before me I will so conduct myself as will in my judgment be most conducive to the interests and prosperity of this State
Par VI No session of the General Assembly shall continue longer than fifty days Provided that if an impeachment trial pending at the end of fifty days the session may be prolonged till the completion of said trial
Par VII No person holding a military commission or other appointment or office having any emolument or compensation annexed thereto under this State or the United States or either of them except Justices of the Peace and officers of the militia nor any defaulter for public money or for any legal taxes required of him shall have a seat in either House nor shall any Senator or Representative after his qualification as such be elected by the General Assembly or appointed by the Governor either with or without the advice and consent of the Senate to
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any office or appointment having any emolument annexed thereto during the time for which he shall have been elected
Par VIII The seat of a member of either House shall be vacated on his removal from the district or county from which he was elected
Section V
Paragraph I The Senators shall be citizens of the United States who have attained the age of twentyfive years and who shall have been citizens of this State for four years and for one year residents of the district from which elected
Par II The presiding officer of the Senate shall be styled the President of the Senate and shall be elected viva voce from the Senators
Par III The Senate shall have the sole power to try impeachments
Par IV When sitting for that purpose the members shall be on oath or affirmation and shall be presided over by the Chief Justice or the presiding Justice of the Supreme Court Should the Chief Justice be disqualified the Senate shall elect the Judge of the Supreme Court to preside No person shall be convicted without the concurrence of twothirds of the members present
Par V Judgments in case of impeachment shall not extend further than removal from office and disqualification to hold and enjoy any office of honor trust or profit within this State but the party shall nevertheless be liable and subject to indictment trial judgment and punishment according to law
Section VI
Paragraph I The Representatives shall be citizens of the United States who have attained the age of twentyone years and who shall have been citizens of this State for two years and for one year residents of the counties from which elected
Par II The presiding officer of the House of Representatives shall be styled the Speaker of the House of Representatives and shall be elected viva voce from the body
Par III The House of Representatives shall have the sole power to impeach all persons who shall have been or may be in office
Section VII
Paragraph I Each House shall be the judge of the election returns and qualifications of its members and shall have power to punish them for disorderly behavior or misconduct by censure fine imprisonment or expulsion but no member shall be expelled except by a vote of twothirds of the House to which he belongs
Par II Each House may punish by imprisonment not extending beyond the session any person not a member who shall be guilty of a contempt by any disorderly behavior in its presence or who shall rescue or attempt to rescue any person arrested by order of either House
Par III The mebers of both Houses shall be free from arrest during their attendance on the General Assembly and in going thereto or returning therefrom except for treasonfelony larceny or breach of the peace and no member shall be liable to answer in any other place for anything spoken in debate in either house
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Par IV Each House shall keep a journal of its proceedings and publish it immediately after its adjournment
Par V The original journal shall be preserved after publication in the office of Secretary of State but there shall be no other record thereof
Par VI The yeas and nays on any question shall at the desire of onefifth of the members present be entered on the journal
Par VII Every bill before it shall pass shall be read three times and on three separate days in each House unless in case of actual invasion or insurrection But the first and second reading of each local bill and bank and railroad charters in each House shall consist of the reading of the title only unless said bill is ordered to be engrossed
Par VIII No law br ordinance shall pass which refers to more than one subjectmatter or contains matter different from what is expressed in the title thereof
Par IS The general appropriation bill shall embrace nothing except appropriations fixed by previous laws the ordinary expenses of the Executive Legislative and Judicial Departments of the Government payment of the public debt and interest thereon and the support of the public institutions and educational interests of the State All other appropriations shall be made by separate bills each embracing but one subject
Par X All bills for raising revenue or appropriating money shall originate in the House of Representatives but the Senate may propose or concur in amendments as in other bills
Par XI No money shall be drawn from the treasury except by appropriation made by law and a regular statement and account of the receipt and expenditure of all public money shall be published every three months and also with the laws passed by each session of the General Assembly
Par XII No bill or resolution appropriating money shall become a law unless upon its passage the yeas and nays in each House are recorded
Par Xlll All Acts shall be signed by the President of the Senate and the Speaker of the House of Representatives and no bill ordinance or resolution intended to have the effect of law which shall have been rejected by either House shall be again proposed during the same session under the same or any other title without the consent of twothirds of the House by which the same was rejected
Par XIV No bill shall become a law unless it shall receive a majority of the votes of all the members elected to each House of the General Assembly and it shall in every instance so appear on the journal
Par XV By an act approved September 241885 an amendment to the Constitution was submitted to vote of the people in October 1886 and adopted whereby the original of this paragraph was stricken from this Constitution
Par XVI No local or special bill shall be passed unless notice of the intention to apply therefor shall have been published in the locality where the matter or thing to be affected may be situated which notice shall be given at least thirty days prior to the introduction of such bill into the General Assembly and in the manner to be prescribed by law
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The evidence of such notice having been published shall be exhibited in the General Assembly before such Act shall be passed
Par XVII No law or section of the Code shall be amended or repealed by mere reference to its title or to the number of the section of the Code but the amending or repealing Act shall distinctly describe the law to he amended or repealed as well as the alteration to be made
Par XVIII The General Assembly shall have no power to grant corporate powers and privileges to private companies nor to make or change election precincts nor to establish bridges or ferries nor to change names of legitimate children hut it shall prescribe by law the manner in which such powers shall be exercised by the Courts All corporate powers and privileges to banking insurance railroad canal navigation express and telegraph companies shall be issued and granted by the Secretary of State in such manner as shall be prescribed by law
Par XIX The General Assembly shall have no power to relieve principals or securities upon forfeited recognizances from the payment thereof either before or after judgment thereon unless the principal in the recognizance shall have been apprehended and placed in the custody of the proper officer
Par XX The General Assembly shall not authorize the construction of any street passenger railway within the limits of any incorporated town or city without the consent of the corporate authorities
Par XXI Whenever the Constitution requires a vote of twothirds of either or both Houses for the passage of an Act or resolution the yeas and nays on the passage thereof shall be entered on the journal
Par XXII The General Assembly shall have power to make all laws and ordinances consistent with this Constitution and not repugnant to the Constitution of the United States which they shall deem necessary and proper for the welfare of the State
Par XXIII No provision in this Constitution for a twothirds vote of both Houses of the General Assembly shall be construed to waive the necessity for the signature of the Governor as in any other case except in the case of the twothirds vote required to override the veto and in case of prolongation of a session of the General Assembly
Par XXIV Neither House shall adjourn for more than three days or to any other place without the consent of the other and in case of a disagreement between the two Houses on a question of adjournment the Governor may adjourn either or both of them
Section VIII
Paragraph I The officers of the two Houses other than the President and Speaker shall be a Secretary of the Senate and Clerk of the House of Representatives and such assistants as they may appoint but the clerical expenses of the Senate shall not exceed sixty dollars per day for each session nor those of the House of Representatives seventy dollars per day for each session The Secretary of the Senate and Clerk of the House of Representatives shall be required to give bond and security for the faithful discharge of their respective duties
Section IX
Paragraph I The per diem of members of the General Assembly shall not exceed four dollars and mileage shall not exceed ten cents for each mile traveled by the nearest practicable route in going to and
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returning from the Capital but the President of the Senate and th Speaker of the House of Representatives shall each receive not exceeding seven dollars per day
Section X
Paragraph I All elections by the General Assembly shall be vivt voce and the vote shall appear on the journal of the House of Representatives When the Senate and House of Representatives unite foi the purpose of elections they shall meet in the Representative Hall and the President of the Senate shall in such cases preside and declare th result
Section XI
Paragraph I All property of the wife at the time of her marriage and all property given to inherited or acquired by her shall remain hei separate property and not be liable for the debts of her husband
Section XII
Paragraph I All life insurance companies now doing business in thh State or which may desire to establish agencies and do business in tht State of Georgia chartered by other States of the Union or foreign States shall show that they have deposited with the ComptrollerGeneral of the State in which they are chartered or of this State the Insurance Commissioners or such other officer as may be authorized to receive it not less than one hundred thousand dollars in such securitiei as may be deemed by such officer equivalent to cash subject to his order as a guarantee fund for the security of policyholders
Par II When such showing is made to the ComptrollerGeneral of the State of Georgia by a proper certificate from the State official having charge of the funds so deposited the ComptrollerGeneral of th State of Georgia is authorized to issue to the company making such showing a license to do business in the State upon paying the fees required by law
Par III All life insurance companies chartered by the State of Georgia or which may hereafter be chartered by the State shall before doing business deposit with the ComptrollerGeneral of the State of Georgia or with some strong corporation which may be approved by said ComptrollerGeneral one hundred thousand dollars in such securities as may be deemed by him equivalent to cash to be subject to hi order as a guarantee fund for the security of the policyholders of th company making such deposit all interests and dividends arising from such securities to be paid when due to the company so depositing An such securities as may be needed or desired by the company may bi taken from said department at any time by replacing them with othei securities equally acceptable to the ComptrollerGeneral whose certificate for the same shall be furnished to the company
Par IV The General Assembly shall from time to time enact law to compel all fire insurance companies doing business in this State whether chartered by this State or otherwise to deposit reasonable securities with the Treasurer of this State to secure the people against loss hy the operations of said companies
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Par V The General Assembly shall compel all insurance companies in this State or doing business therein under proper penalties to make semiannual reports to the Governor and print the same at their own expense for the information and protection of the people
ARTICLE IV
POWER OP THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY OVER TAXATION
Section I
Paragraph I The right of taxation is a sovereign right inalieniable indestructible is the life of the State and rightfully belongs to the people in all Republican governments and neither the General Assembly nor any nor all other departments of the Govornment established by this Constitution shall ever have the authority to irrevocably give grant limit or restrain this right and all laws grants contracts and all other acts whatsoever by said Government or any department thereof to effect any of these purposes shall be and are hereby declared to be null and void for every purpose whatsoever and said right of taxation shall always be under the complete control of and revocable by the State notwithstanding any gift grant or contract whatsoever by the General Assembly
Section II
Paragraph I The power and authority of regulating railroad freights and passenger tariffs preventing unjust discriminations and requiring reasonable and just rates of freight and passenger tariffs are hereby conferred upon the General Assembly whose duty it shall be to pass laws from time to time to regulate freight and passenger tariffs to prohibit unjust discriminations on the various railroads of this State and to prohibit said roads from charging other than just and reasonable rates and enforce the same by adequate penalties
Par II The exercise of the right of eminent domain shall never be abridged nor so construed as to prevent the General Assembly from taking the property and franchises of incorporated companies and subjecting them to public use the same as property of individuals and the exercise of the police power of the State shall never be abridged nor so construed as to permit corporations to conduct their business in such a wanner as to infringe the equal rights of individuals or the general wellbeing of the State
Par III The General Assembly shall not remit the forfeiture of the charter of any corporation now existing nor alter or amend the same nor pass any other general orspecial law for the benefit of said corporation except upon the condition that said corporation shall thereafter hold its charter subject to the provisions of this Constitution and every amendment of any charter of any corporation in this State or any special law for its benefit accepted thereby shall operate as a novation of said charter and shall bring the same under the provisions of this Constitution Provided That this section shall not extend to any amendment for the purpose of allowing any existing road to take stock in or lid in the building of any branch road
Par IV The General Assembly of this State shall have no power to
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authorize any corporation to buy shares or stock in any other corporation in this State or elsewhere or to make any contract or agreement whatever with any such corporation which may have the effect or he intended to have the effect to defeat or lessen competition in their respective business or to encourage monopoly and all such contracts and agreements shall be illegal and void
Par Y No railroad company shall give or pay any rebate or bonus in the nature thereof directly or indirectly or to do any act to mislead or deceive the public as to the real rates charged or received for freights or passage and any such payments shall be illegal and void and these prohibitions shall be enforced by suitable penalties
Par VI No provision of this article shall be deemed held or taken to impair the obligation of any contract heretofore made by the State of Georgia
Par VII The General Assembly shall enforce the provisions of this article by appropriate legislation
ARTICLE V
EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT
Section I
Paragraph I The officers of the Executive Department shall consist of a Governor Secretary of State ComptrollerGeneral and Treasurer
Par II The Executive power shall be vested in a Governor who shall hold his offices during the term of two years and until his successor shall be chosen and qualified He shall not be eligible to reelection after the expiration of a second term for the period of four years He shall have a salary of three thousand dollars per annum until otherwise provided by a law passed by a twothirds vote of both branches of the General Assembly which shall not be increased or diminished during the period for which he shall have been elected nor shall he receive within that time any other emolument from the United States or either of them or from any foreign power But this reduction of salary shall not apply to the present term of the present Governor
Par III The first election for Governor under this Constitution shall be held on the first Wednesday in October 1880 and the Governorelect shall be installed in office at the next session of the General Assembly An election shall take place biennally thereafter on said day until another date be fixed by the General Assembly Said election shall be held at the places of holding general elections in the several counties of this State in the manner prescribed for the election of members of the General Assembly and the electors shall be the same
Par IV The returns for every election of Governor shall be sealed up by the managers separately from other returns and directed to the President of the Senate and Speaker of the House of Representatives and transmitted to the Secretary of State who shall without opening said returns cause the same to be laid before the Senate on the day after the two houses shall have been organized and they shall be transmitted by the Senate to the House of Representatives
Par V The members of each branch of the General Assembly shall convene in the Representative Hall and the President of the Senate
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and Speaker of the House of Representatives shall open and publish the returns in the presence and under the direction of the General Assembly and the person having the majority of the whole number of votes shall be declared duly elected Governor of this State but if no person shall have such majority then from the two persons having the highest number of votes who shall be in life and shall not decline an election at the time appointed by the General Assembly to elect the General Assembly shall immediately elect a Governor viva voce and in all cases of election of a Governor hy the General Assembly a majority of the members present shall be necessary to a choice
Par VI Contested elections shall be determined by both Houses of the General Assembly in such manner as shall be prescribed by law
Par VII No person shall be eligible to the office of Governor who shall not have been a citizen of the United States fifteen years and a citizen of the State six years and who shall not have attained the age of thirty years
Par VIII In case of the death resignation or disability of the Governor the President of the Senate shall exercise the Executive powers of the government until such disability be removed or a successor is elected and qualified And in case of the death resignation or disability of the President of the Senate the Speaker of the House of Representatives shall exercise the Executive powers of the government until the removal of the disability or the election and qualification of a Governor
Par IX The General Assembly shall have power to provide by law for filling unexpired terms by special elections
Par X The Governor shall before he enters on the duties of his office take the following oath or affirmation I do solemnly swear or affirm as the case may be that I will faithfully execute the office f Governor of the State of Georgia and will to the best of my ability preserve protect and defend the Constitution thereof and the Constitution of the UnitedStates of America
Par XI The Governor shall be CommanderinChief of the army and navy of this State and of the militia thereof
Par XII He shall have power to grant reprieves and pardons to commute penalties remove disabilities imposed by law and to remit any part of a sentence for offences against the State after conviction except in cases of treason and impeachment subject to such regulations as may be provided by law relative to the manner of applying for pardons Upon conviction for treason he may suspend the execution of the sentence and report the case to the General Assembly at the next meeting thereof when the General Assembly shall either pardon commute the sentence direct its execution or grant a further reprieve He shall at each session of the General Assembly communicate to that body each case of reprieve pardon or commutation granted stating the name of theconvict the offence for which he was convicted the sentence and its date the date of the reprieve pardon or commutation and the reasons for granting the same He shall take care that the laws are faithfully executed and shall be a conservator of the peace throughout the State
Par XIII He shall issue writs of election to fill all vacancies that may happen in the Senate or House of Representatives and shall give the General Assembly from time to time information of the state of the commonwealth and recommend to their consideration such measures as he may deem necessary or expedient He shall have power to convoke the General Assembly on extraordinary occasions but no law shall be
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enacted at call sessions of me General Assembly except suck as shall relate to the object stated in his proclamation convening them
Par XIV When any office shall become vacant by death resignation or otherwise the Governor shall have power to fill such vacancy unless otherwise provided by law and persons so appointed shall continue in office until a successor is commissioned agreeably to the mode pointed out in the Constitution or by law in pursuance thereof
Par XV A person once rejected by the Senate shall not be reappointed by the Governor to the same office during the same session or the recess thereafter
Par XVI The Governor shall have the reyisioti of all bills passed by the General Assembly before the same shall become laws hut twothirds of each House may pass a law notwithstanding his dissent and if any bill shall not be returned by the Governor within five days Sundays excepted after it has been presented to him the same shall be a law unless the General Assembly by their adjournmentshall prevent its return He may approve any appropriation and disapprove any other appropriation in the same bill and the latter shall not be effectual unless passed by twothirds of each House
Par XVII Every vote resolution or order to which the concurrence of both Houses may be necessary except on a question of election or adjournment shall be presented to the Governor and before it shall take effect be approved by him or being disapproved shall be repassed by twothirds of each House
Par XVIII He may require information in writing from the officers in the Executive Department on any subject relating to the duties of their respective offices It shall be the duty of the Governor quarterly and oftener if he deems it expedient to examine under oath the Treasurer and ComptrollerGeneral of the State on all matters pertaining to their respective offices and to inspect and review their books and accounts The General Assembly shall have authority to provide by law for the suspension of either of said officers from the discharge of the duties of his office and also for the appointment of a suitable person to discharge the duties of the same
Par XIX The Governor shall have power to appoint his own Secretaries not exceeding two in number and to provide such other clerical force as may be required in his office but the total cost for Secretaries and clerical force in his office shall not exceed six thousand dollars per annum
Section II
Paragraph I The Secretary of State ComptrollerGeneral and Treasurer shall be elected by the persons qualified to vote for me mbers of the General As3e nblv at the sam time and in the same manner as the Governor The provision of the Constitution as to the transmission of the returns of election counting the votes declaring the result deciding when there is no election and when there is a contested election applicable to the election of Governor shall apply to the election of Secretary of State ComptrollerGeneral and Treasurer they shall be commissioned by the Governor and hold their office for the same time as the Governor
Par II The salary of the Treasurer shall not exceed two thousand dollars per annum The clerical expenses of his department shall not exceed sixteen hundred dollars per annum
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Par III The salary of the Secretary of State shall not exceed two thousand dollars per annum and the clerical expenses of his department shall not exceed one thousand dollars per annum c
Par IV The salary of the ComptrollerGeneral shall not exceed two thousand dollars per annum The clerical expenses of his department including the Insurance Department and Wild Land Clerk shall not exceed four thousand dollars per annum and without said clerk it shall not exceed three thousand dollars per annum
Par V The Treasurer shall not be allowed directly or indirectly to receive any fee interest or reward from any person bank or corporation for the deposit or use in any manner of the public funds and the General Assembly shall enforce this provision by suitable penalties
Par VI No person shall be eligible to the office of Secretary of State ComptrollerGeneral or Treasurer unless he shall have been a citizen of the United States for ten years and shall have resided in this State for six years next preceding his election and shall be twentyfive years of age when elected All of said officers shall give bond and security under regulationsto be prescribed by law for the faithful discharge of their duties
Par VII The Secretary of State the ComptrollerGeneral and the Treasurer shall not be allowed any fees perquisite or compensation other than their salaries as prescribed by law except their necessary expenses when absent from the seat of government on business for the State
Section III
Paragraph I The Great Seal of the State shall be deposited in the office of the Secretary of State and shall not be affixed to any instrument of writing except by order of the Governor or General Assembly and that now in use shall be the Great Seal of the State until otherwise provided by law
ARTICLE VI
JUDICIARY
Section I
Paragraph I The judicial powers of this State shall be vested in a Supreme Court Superior Courts Courts of Ordinary Justice
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of the Peace comnlissioned Notaries Public and other Courts as have been or may be established by law
Section II
Paragraph I The Supreme Court shall consist of a Chief Justice and two Associate Justices A majority of the Court shall constitute a quorum
Par II When one or more of the Judges are disqualified from diciding any case by interest or otherwise the Governor shall designate a Judge or Judges of the Superior Courts to preside in said case
Par III No Judge of any Court shall preside in any case where the validity of any bondFederal State corporation or municipalis involved who holds in his own right or as the representative of others any material interests in the class of bonds ttpon which the question to be decided arises
Par IV The Chief Justice and Associate Justices shall hold their office for six years and until their successors are qualified A successor to the incumberent whose term will soonest expire shall be elected by the General Assembly in 1880 a successor to the incumbent whose term of office is next in duration shall be elected by the General Assembly in 1882 and a successor to the third incumbent shall be elected by the General Assembly in 1884 but appointments to fill vacancies shall only be for the unexpired term or until such vacancies are filled by elections agreeably to the mode pointed out by this Constitution
Par V t The Supreme Court shall have no original jurisdiction but shall be a Court alone for the trial and correction of errors from the Superior Courts and from the City Courts of Atlanta and Savannah and such other like Courts as may be hereafter established in other cities and shall sit at the seat of government at such time in each year as shall be prescribed by law for the trial and determination of writs of error from said Superior and City Courts
Par VI The Supreme Court shall dispose of every case at the first or second term after such writ of error is brought and in case the plaintiff in error shall not be prepared at the first term to prosecute the caseunless prevented by Providential causeit shall be stricken from the docket and the judgment below shall stand affirmed
Par VII In any case the Court may in its discretion withold its judgment until the next term after the same is argued
Par VIIIThe Supreme Court shall hereafter consist of a chief justice and five associate justices The court shall have power to hear and determine cases when sitting either in a body or in two divisions of three judges each under such regulations as may be prescribed by the General Assembly A majority of either division shall constitute a quorum for that division The chief justice and the associate justices of the Supreme Court shall hereafter be elected by the people at the same time and in the same manner as the Governor and the State house officers are elected except that the first election under this amendment shall be held on the third Wed
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nesday in December 1896 at which time one associate justice shall be elected for a full term of six years to fill the vacancy occurring on January lstf 1897 by the expiration of the term of one of the present incumbents and three additional associate justices shall be elected for terms expiring respectively January 1st 1899 January 1st 1901 and January Is 1903 The persons elected as additional associate justices shall among themselves determine by lot which of the three last mentio7ied terms each shall have and they shall be commissioned accordingly
After said first election all terms except unexpired terms shall be for six years each In case of any vacancy which causes an unexpired term the same shall be filled by executive appointment and the person appointed by the Governor shall hold his office until the next regular election and until his successor for the balance of the unexyired term shall have been elected and qualified The returns of said special election shall be made to the Secretary of State
Act approved December 16 1895
Section III
Paragraph I There shall be a judge of the Superior Court for each Judicial Circuit whose term of office shall be four years and until his successor is qualified He may act in other circuits when authorized by law
Par II The successors to the present incumbents shall be elected by the General Assembly as follows To the half as near as may be whosie commissions are the oldest in the year 1878 and to the others in the year 1880 All subsequent elections shall be at the session of the General Assembly next preceding the expiration of the terms of incumbents except elections to fill vacancies The day of election may be fixed by the General Assembly
Par III The terms of the Judges to be elected undr the Constitution except to fill vacancies shall begin on the first day of January after their elections But if the time for the meeting of the General Assembly shall be changed the General Assembly may change the time when the terms of Judges thereafter elected shall begin
Section IV
Paragraph I The Superior Courts shall have exclusive jurisdiction in cases of divorce in criminal cases where the offender is subjected to loss of life or confinement in the penitentiary in cases respecting titles to land and equity cases
Par II The General Assembly may confer upon the Courts of common law all the powers heretofore exercised by Courts of Equity in this State
Par III Said Courts shall have jurisdiction in all civil cases except as hereinafter provided
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Par IV They shail have appellate jurisdiction in all such cases as may be provided by law
Par V They shall have power to correct errors in inferior ludicatories by writ of certiorari which shall only issue on the sanction of the Judge And said Courts and the Judges thereof shall have power to issue writs of mandamus prohibition scire facias and all other writs that may be necessary for carrying their powers fully into effect and shall have such other powers as are or maybe conferred on them by law
Par VI The General Assembly may provide for an appeal from one jury in the Superior Courts and City to another and the said Court may grant new trials on legal grounds
Par VII The Court shall render judgment without the verdict of a jury in all civil cases founded on unconditional contracts in writing where an issuable defense is not filed under oath or affirmation
Par VIII The Superior Courts shall sit in each county not less than twice in each year at such times as have been or may be appointed by law
Par IX The General Assembly may provide by law for the appoint ment of some proper person to preside in cases where the presiding Judge is from any cause disqualified
Section V
Paragraph I In any county within which there is or hereafter may be a City Court the Judge of said Court and of the Superior Court may preside in the Courts of each other in cases where the Judge of either Court is disqualified to preside
Section VI
Paragraph T The powers of a Court of Ordinary and of Probate shall be vested in an Ordinary foreach county from whose decision there may be an appeal or by consent of parties without a decision to the Superior Court under regulations prescribed by law
Par II The Courts of Ordinary shall have such powers in relation to roads bridges ferries public buildings paupers county officers county funds county taxes and other county matters as may be conferred on them by law
Par III The Ordinary shall hold his office for the term of four years and until his successor is elected and qualified
Section VII
Paragraph I There shall be in each militia district oneJustice of the Peace whose official term except when elected to fill an unexpired term shall be four years
Par II Justices of the Peace shall have jurisdiction in all civil cases arising ex contractu and in cases of injury or damage to personal property when the principal sum does not exceed one hundred dollars and shall sit monthly at fixed times and places but in all cases there may be an appeal to a jury in said Court or an appeal to the Superior Court under such regulations as may be prescribed by law
Par III Justices of the Peace shall be elected by the legal voters in their respective districts and shall be commissioned by the Governor They shall be removable on conviction for malpractice in office
15G
Section Vili
Paragraph I Commissioned Notaries Public not to exceed one for each militia district may be appointed by the Judges of the Superior Courts in their respective circuits upon recommendation of the grand juries of the several counties They shall be commissioned by the Governor for the term of four years and shall be ex officio Justices of the Peace and shall be removable on conviction for malpractice in office
Section IX
Pam graph I The jurisdiction powers proceedings and practice of all Courts or officers invested with judicial powers except City Courts of the same grade or class so far as regulated by law and the force and effect of the process judgment and decree by such Courts severally shall he uniform This uniformity must he established by the General Assembly
Section X
Paragraph I There shall be an AttorneyGeneral of the State who shall be elected by the people at the same time for the same term and in the same manner as the Governor
Par II It shall be the duty of the SolicitorGeneral to represent fhe legal adviser of the Executive Department to represent the State in the Supreme Court in all capital felonies and in all civil and criminal cases in any Court when required by the Governor and to perform such other services as shall be required of him by law
Section XI
Paragraph I There shall be a SolicitorGeneral for each judicial circuit whose official term except when commissioned to fill an unexpired term shall be four years
Par II It shall be the duty of the SolicitorGeneral to represent the State in all cases in the Superior Courts of his circuit and in all cases taken up from his circuit to the Supreme Court and to perform such other services as shall be required of him by law
Section XII
Paragraph I The Judges of the Supreme and Superior Courts and SolicitorsGeneral shall be elected by the General Assembly in joint session ofi such day or days as shall be fixed by joint resolution of both Houses At the session of the General Assembly which is held next before the expiration of the terms of the present incumbents as provided in this Constitution their successors shall be chosen and the same shall apply to the election Of those who shall succeed them Vacancies occasioned by death resignation or other cause shall be filled by appointment of the Governor until th General Assembly shall convene when an election shall be held to fill the unexpired portion of the vacant terms
Section XIII
Paragraph I The Judges of the Supreme Court shall have out of the Treasury of the State salaries not to exceed three thousand dollars per annum the Judges of the Superior Courts shall have salaries not to exceed two thousand dollars per annum the Attor
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neyGeneral shall have a salary not to exceed two thousand dollars per annum and the SolicitorsGeneral shall each have salanes not to exceed two hundred and fifty dollars per annum but the AttorneyGeneral shall not have any fee or perquisite in any cases arising after the adoption of this Constitution but the provisions of this section shall not affect the salaries of those now in office
Par II The General Assembly may at any time by a twotmras vote of each branch prescribe other and different salariesforany or all of the above officers but no such change shall affect the officers then in commission
Section XIV
Paragraph I No person shall be Judge of the Supreme or Superior Courts or AttorneyGeneral unless at the time of his election he shall have attained the age of thirty years and shall have been a citizen of the State three years and have practiced law for seven years and no personshall be hereafter elected Solicitor1 unless at the time of his election he shall have attained twentjfive years of age shall have been a citizen of the State for three years and shall have practiced law for three years next preceding his election
Section XV
Paragraph I No total divorce shall be granted except on the concurrent verdicts of two juries at different terms of the Court
Par II When a divorce is granted the jury rendering the final verdict shall determine the rights and disabilities of the parties
Section XVI
Paragraph I Divorce cases shall be brought in the county where the defendant resides if a resident of this State if the defendant be not a resident of this State then in the county in which the plaintiff
r6par8II Cases respecting titles to land shall be tried in the county where the land lies except where a single tract is divided by a county line in which case the Superior Court of either county shall
arniEquity cases shall be tried in the county where a defendant resides against whom substantial relief is prayed
Par IV Suits against joint obligors joint promissors copartners or joint trespassers residing in different counties may be tried
Par1 V CSuits against the maker and indorser of promissory notes or drawer acceptor and endorser of foreign or inland bills of exchange or like instruments residing in different counties shall ba brought in the county where the maker or acceptor resides
Par VI All other civil cases shall be tried in the county where the defendant resides and all criminal cases shall he tried in the countv where the crime was committed except cases in the superior Courts where the Judge is satisfied that an impartial jury cannot be obtained in such county
Section XVII
Paragraph I The power to change the venue in civil and criminal cases shall be vested in the Superior Courts to be exercised m such manner as has been or shall be provided by law
Section XVIII
oh1frarapl1 L right of trial by jury except where it is
otherwise provided in this Constitution shall remain inviolate but the General Assembly may prescribe any number not less
X an JV cnstltute a trial or traverse jury in Courts other than the Superior and City Courts
Par II The General Assembly shall provide by law for the selection of the most experienced intelligent and upright men to serve as grand jurors and intelligent and upright men to serve as traverse jurors Nevertheless the grand jurors shall be competent to serve as traverse jurors
Par III It shall be the duty of the General Assembly by general laws to prescribe the manner of fixing compensation of jurors in all counties in this State
Section XIX
Paragraph I The General Assembly shall have power to provide for the creation of County Commissioners in such counties as may require them and to define their duties
Section XX
uiugraph I All Courts not specially mentioned by name in sec10n f this article may be abolished in any county at the discretion of the General Assembly
Section XXI
Paragraph I The costs in the Supreme Court shall not exceed ten doilars unless otherwise provided by law Plaintiffs in error shall not be required to pay costs in said Court when the usual pauper oath is filled in the Court below
ARTICLE VII
FINANCE TAXATION AND PUBLIC DEBT
Section I
Paragraph I The powers of taxation over the whole State shall onlyefC1Sed by the General Assembly for the following purposes
For the support of the State Government and the public institutions
For educational purposes in instructing children in the elementary branches of an English education only
To pay the interest on the public debt
To pay the principal of the public debt
To suppress insurrection to repel invasion and defend the State in time of war
To supply the soldiers who lost a limb or limbs in the military service of the Confederate States with substantial artificial limbs during life and make suitable provisions for such Confederate soldiersas may have been otherwise disabled or permanently injured in such service or who may by reason of age and poverty or infirmity and poverty or blindness and poverty are unable to provide a living for themselves and for the widows of such Confederate soldiers as may have died in the service of the Confederate States or since from wounds received therein or disease contracted in the serviceor who by reason of age and poverty or infirmity and poverty or blindness and poverty are unable to provide a living for themselves provided that the Act shall only apply to such widows as were married at the time of such service and have remained unmarried since the death of such soldier husband
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Section II
Paragraph I All taxation shall be uniform upon the same class of subjects and ad valorem on all property subject to be taxed within the territorial limits of the authority levying the tax and shall be levied and collected under general laws The General Assembly may however impose a tax on such domestic animals as from their nature and habits are destructive of other property
Par II The General Assembly may by law exempt from taxation all public property places of religious worship or hurial all institutions of purely public charity all buildings erected for and used as a college incorporated academy or other seminary of learning the real and personal estate of any public library and that of any other literary association used by or connected with such library all books and philosophical apparatus and all paintings and statuary of any company or association kept in a public hall and not held as merchandise or for purpose of sale or gain Provided the property so exempted be not used for purposes of private or corporate profit or income
Par III No poll tax shall be levied except for educational purposes and such tax shall not exceed one dollar annually upon each poll
Par IV All laws exempting property from taxation other than the property herein enumerated shall be void
Par V The power to tax corporations and corporate property shall not be surrendered or suspended by any contract or grant to which the State shall be a party
Section III
Paragraph I No debt shall be contracted by or on behalf of the State except to supply casual deficiencies of revenue to repel invasion suppress insurrection and defend the State in time of war or to pay the existing public debt but the debt created to supply deficiencies in revenue shall not exceed in the aggregate two hundred thousand dollars
Section IV
Paragraph I All laws authorizing the borrowing of money by or on behalf of the State shall specify the purposes for which the money is to be used and the money so obtained shall be used for the purposes specified and for no other
Section V
Paragraph I The credit of the State shall not he pledged or loaned to any individual company corporation or association and the State shall not become a joint owner or stockholder in any company association or corporation
Section VI
Paragraph I The General Assembly shall not authorize any county municipal corporation or political division of this state to become a stockholder in any company corporation or association or to appropriate money for or to loan its credit to any corporation company association institution or individual except for purely charitable purposes This restriction shall not operate to prevent the support of schools by municipal corporations within their respective limits provided that if
150
any municipal corporation shall offer to the State any property for locating or building a capitol and the State accepts such offer the corporation may comply with such offer
jPar II The General Assembly shall not have power to delegate to any county the right to levy a tax for any purpose except for educational purposes in instructing children in the elementary branches of an English education only to build and repair the public buildings and bridges j to maintain and support prisoners j to pay jurors and coroners frd for litigation quarantine roads and expenses of Courts to support paupers and pay debts heretofore existing
Section VII
Paragraph I The debt hereafter incurred by any county municipal corporation or political division of this State except as in this Constitution provided for shall never exceed seven per centum of the assessed value of all the taxable property therein j and no such county municipality or division shall incur any new debt except for a temporary loan or loans to supply casual deficiencies of revenue not to exceed onefifth of one per centum of the assessed value of taxable property therein without the assent of twothirds of the qualified voters thereof at an election for that purpose to be held as may be prescribed by law but any city the debt of which does not exceed seven per centum of the assessed value of the taxable property at the time of the adoption of this Constitution may be authorized by law to increase at any time the amount of said debt three per centum upon such assessed valuation
Par II Any county municipal corporation or political division of this State which shall incur any bonded indebtedness under the provisions of this Constitution shall at or before the time of so doing provide for the assessment and collection of an annual tax sufficient in amount to pay the principal and interest of said debt within thirty years from the date of the incurring of said indebtedness
Section VIII
Paragraph I The State shall not assume the debt nor any part thereof of any county municipal corporation or political division of the State unless such debt shall be contracted to enable the State to repel invasion suppress insurrection or defend itself in time of war
Section IX
Paragraph X The receiving directly or indirectly by any officer of the State or county or member or officer of the General Assembly of any interests profits or perquisites arising from the use or loan of public funds in his hands or moneys to be raised through his agency for State or County purposes shall be deemed a felony and punishable as may be prescribed by law a part of which punishment shall be a disqualification from holding office
Section X
Paragraph I Municipal corporations shall not incur any debt until provision therefor shall have been made by the municipal government
161
Section XI
Paragraph I The General Assembly shall have no authority to appropriate money either directly or indirectly to pay the whole or any part of the principal or interest of the bonds or other obligations which have been pronounced illegal null and void by the General Assembly and the constitutional amendments ratified by a vote of the people on the first day of May 1877 nor shall the General Assembly have authority to pay any of the obligations created by the State under laws passed during the late war between the States nor any of the bonds notes or obligations made and entered into during the existence of said war the time for the payment of which was fixed after the ratification of a treaty of peace between the United States and the Confederate States nor shall the General Assembly pass any law or the Governor or other State official enter into any contract or agreement whereby the State shall be made a party to any suit in any Court of this State or of the United States instituted to test the validity of any such bonds or obligations
Section XII
Paragraph I The bonded debt of the State shall never be increased except to repel invasion suppress insurrection or defend the State in time of war
Section XIII
Paragraph I The proceeds of the sale of the Western and Atlantic Macon and Brunswick or other railroads held by the State and any other property owned by the State whenever the General Assembly may authorize the sale of the whole or any part thereof shall be applied to the payment of the bonded debt of the State and shall not be used for any other purpose whatever so long as the State has any existing bonded debt Provided that the proceeds of the sale of the Western and Atlantic Railroad shall be applied to the payment of the bonds for which said railroad has been mortgaged in preference to all other bonds
Section XIY
Paragraph I The General Assembly shall raise by taxation each year in addition to the sum required to pay the public expenses and interest on the public debt the sum of one hundred thousand dollars which shall be held as a sinking fund to pay off and retire the bonds of the State which have not yet matured and shall be applied to no other purpose whatever If the bonds cannot at any time be purchased at or below par then the sinking fund herein provided for may be loaned by the Governor and Treasurer of the State Provided the security which shall be demanded for said loan shall consist only of the valid bonds of the State but this section shall not take effect until the eight per cent currency bonds issued under the Act of February the 19th 1873 shall have been paid
Section XV
Paragraph I The ComptrollerGeneral and Treasurer shall each make to the Governor a quarterly report of the financial condition of the State which report shall include a statement of the assets liabilities and income of the State and expenditures therefor for three
11 m
162
months preceding and it shall be the duty of the Governor to carefully examine the same by himself or through competent persons connected with his department and cause an abstract thereof to be published for the information of the people which abstract shall be indorsed by him as having been examined
Section XVI
Paragraph I The General Assembly shall not by vote resolution or order grant any donation or gratuity in favor of any person corporation or association
Par II The General Assembly shall not grant or authorize extra compensation to any public officer agent or contractor after the service has been rendered or the contract entered into
Section XVII
Paragraph I The office of the State Printer shall cease with the expiration of the term of the present incumbent and the General Assembly shall provide by law for letting the public printing to the lowest responsible bidder or bidders who shall give adequate and satisfactory security for the laithful perlormance thereof No member of the General Assembly or other public officer shall be interested either directly or indirectly in any such contract
AKTICLE VIII
EDUCATION
Section I
Paragraph I There shall be a thorough system of common schools for the education of children in the elementary branches of an English education only as nearly uniform as practicable the expense of which shall be provided for by taxation or otherwise The schools shall be free to all children of the State but separate schools shall be provided for the white and colored races
Section II
Paragraph I There shall be a State School Commissioner elected by the people at the same time and manner as the Governor and State house officers are elected whose term of office shall be two years and until his successor is elected and qualified His office shall be at the seat of the government and he shall be paid a salary not to exceed two thousand dollars 2000 per annum The General Assembly may substitute for the State School Commissioner such officer or officers as may be deemed necessary to perfect the system of public education
Section III
Paragraph I The poll tax any educational fund now belonging to the State except the endowment of and debts due to the University of Georgia a special tax on shows and exhibitions and of the sale of spirituous and malt liquors which the General Assembly is hereby authorized to assess and the proceeds of any commutation tax for military service and all taxes that may be assessed on such domestic animals as from their nature and habits are destructive to other property are hereby set apart and devoted for the support of common schools
163
Section IV
Paragraph I Authority may he granted to counties upon the recommendation of two grand juries and to municipal corporations upon the recommendation of the corporate authority to establish and maintain public schools in their respective limits by local taxation but no such local laws shall take effect until the same shall have been submitted to a vote of the qualified voters in each county or municipal corporation and approved by a twothirds vote of persons qualified to vote at such election and the General Assembly may prescribe who shall vote on such question
Section V
Paragraph I Existing local school systems shall not be affected by this Constitution Nothing contained in section first of this article shall be construed to deprive schools in this State not common schools from participation in the educational fund of the State as to all pupils therein taught in the elementary branches of an English education
Section VI
Paragraph I The Trustees of the University of Georgia may accept bequests donations and grants of land or other property for the use of said University In addition to the payment of the annual interest on the debt due by the State to the University the General Assembly may from time to time make such donations thereto as the condition of the treasury will authorize And the General Assembly may also from time to time make such appropriations of money as the condition of the treasury will authorize to any college or university not exceeding one in number now established or hereafter to be established in this State for the education of persons of color i
ARTICLE IX
HOMESTEAD AND EXEMPTION
Section I
Paragraph I There shall be exempt from levy and sale by virtue of any process whatever under the laws of this State except as hereinafter excepted of the property of every head of a family or guardian or trustee of a family of minor children or every aged or infirm person or persons having the care and support of dependent females of any age who is not the head of a family realty or personalty or both to the value in the aggregate of sixteen hundred dollars
NoteThe above provision of the Constitution was specially submitted to the people and ratified as a part thereof by them on December 5th 1887
Section II
Paragraph I No Court or ministerial officer in this State shall ever have jurisdiction or authority to enforce any judgment execution or decree against the property set apart for such purpose
164
including such improvements as may be made thereon from time t time except for taxes for the purchase money of the same for labor done thereon for material furnished therefor or for the removal of incumbrances thereon
Section III
Paragraph I The debtor shall have power to waive or renounce in writing his right to the benefit of the exemption provided for in this article except as to wearing apparel and not exceeding three hundred dollars worth of household and kitchen furniture and provisions to be selected by himself and wife if any and he shall not after it is set apart alienate or encumber the property so exempted but it may be sold by the debtor and his wife if any jointly with the sanction of the Judge of the Superior Court of the county where the debtor resides or the land is situated the proceeds to be reinvested upon the same uses
Section IV
Paragraph I The General Assembly shall provide by law as early as practicable for the setting apart and valuation of said property But nothing in this article shall be construed to aifect or repeal the existing laws for exemption of property from sale contained in the present Code of this State in paragraphs 2040 to 2049 inclusive and the Act amendatory thereto It may be optional with the applicant to take either but not both of such exemptions
Section V
Paragraph I The debtor shall have authority to waive or renounce in writing his right to the benefit of the exemption provided for in section four except as is excepted in section three of this article
Section VI
Paragraph I The applicant shall at any time have the right to supplement his exemption by adding to an amount already setapart which is less than the whole amount of exemption herein allowed a sufficiency to make his exemption equal to the whole amount
Section VII
Paragraph I Homestead and exemptions of personal property which nave been heretofore set apart by virtue of the provisions of the existing Constitution of this State and in accordance with the laws for the enforcement thereof or which may hereafter so set apart at any time shall be and remain valid as against all debts and liabilities existing at the time of the adoption of this Constitution to the same extent that they would have been had said existing Constitution not been revised
Section VIII
Paragraph I Bights which have become vested under previously existing laws shall not be affected by anything herein contained In all cases in which homesteads have been set apart under the Constitution of 1868 and the laws made in pursuance thereof and a bona fide sale of such property has been subsequently made and the full purchase price
165
thereof paid all right of exemption in such property by reason of its having been so set apart shall cease in so far as it affects the right of the purchaser In all such cases where a part only of the purchase price has been paid such transactions shall be governed by the laws now of force in this State in so far as they affect the rights of the purchaser as though said property had not been set apart
Section IX
Paragraph I Parties who have taken a homestead of realty under the Constitution of eighteen hundred and sixtyeight shall have the right to sell said homestead and reinvest the same by order of the Judge of the Superior Courts of this State
ARTICLE X
MILITIA
Section I
Paragraph I A well regulated militia being essential to the peace and security of the State the General Assembly shall have authority to provide by law how the militia of this State shall be organized officered trained armed and equipped and of whom it shall consist
Par II The General Assembly shall have power to authorize the formation of volunteer companies and to provide for their organization into battalions regiments brigades divisions and corps with such restrictions as may be prescribed by law and shall have authority to arm and equip the same
Par III The officers and men of the militia and volunteer forces shall not be entitled to receive any pay rations or emoluments when not in active service by authority of the State
ARTICLE XI
COUNTIES AND COUNTY OFFICERS
Section L
Paragraph I Each county shall be a body corporate with such powers and limitations as may be prescribed by law All suits by or against a county shall be in the name thereof and the metes and bounds of the several counties shall remain as now prescribed by law unless changed as hereinafter provided
Par II No new county shall be created
Par III County lines shall not be changed unless under the operation of a general law for that purpose
Par IY No county site shall be changed or removed except by a twothirds vote of the qualified voters of the county voting at an election held for that purpose and a twothirds vote of the General Assembly
Par Y Any county may be dissolved and merged with contiguous counties by a twothirds vote of the qualified electors of such county voting at an election held for that purpose
166
Section II
Paragraph I The county officers shall be elected by the qualified voters of their respective counties or districts and shall hold their offices for two years They shall be removed on conviction for malpractice in office and no person shall be eligible to any of the offices referred to in this paragraph unless he shall have been a resident of the county for two years and is a qualified voter
Section III
Paragraph I Whatever tribunal or officers may hereafter be created by the General Assembly for the transaction of county matters shall be uniform throughout the State and of tne same name jurisdiction and remedies except that the General Assembly may provide for the appointment of commissioners of roads and revenue in any county
ARTICLE XII
THE LAWS OF GENERAL OPERATION IN FORCE IN THIS STATE
Section I
Paragraph I The laws of general operation in this State are first as the supreme law The Constitution of the United States the laws of the United States in pursuance thereof and all treaties made under the authority of the United States
Par II Second As next in authority thereto this Constitution
Par III Third In subordination to the foregoing All laws now of force in this State not inconsistent with this Constitution and the ordinances of this Convention shall remain of force until the same are modified or repealed by the General Assembly The tax acts and appropriation acts passed by the General Assembly of 1877 and approved by the Governor of the State and not inconsistent with the Constitution are hereby continued in force until altered by law
Par IV Local and private acts passed for the benefit of counties cities towns corporations and private persons not inconsistent with the supreme law nor with this Constitution and which have not expired nor been repealed shall have the force of statute law subject to judicial decision as to their validity when passed and to any limitations imposed by their own terms
Par V All rights privileges and immunities which may have vested in or accrued to any person or persons or corporations in his her or their own right or in any fiduciary capacity under and in virtue of any act of the General Assembly or any judgment decree or order or other proceeding of any court of competent jurisdiction in this State heretofore rendered shall be held inviolate by all courts before which they may be brought in question unless attacked for fraud
Par VI All judgments decrees orders and other proceedings of the several courts of this State heretofore made within the limits of their several jurisdictions are hereby ratified and affirmed subject only to reversion by motion for a new trial appeal bill of review or other proceeding in conformity with the law of force when they were made
Par VII The officers of the government now existing shall continue in the exercise of their several functions until their sue
167
cessors are duly elected or appointed and qualified but nothing herein is to apply to any officer whose office may be abolished by this Constitution
Par VIII The ordinances of this Convention shall have the force of laws until otherwise provided by the General Assembly except the ordihances in reference to submitting the homestead and capital questions to a vote of the people which ordinances after being voted on shall have the effect of constitutional provisions
NotbUnder the ordinance of the Convention submitting the question of the location of the capital to the people the city of Atlanta was chosen December 5th 1877
ARTICLE XIII
AMENDMENTS TO THE CONSTITUTION
Section I
Paragraph I Any amendment or amendments to this Constitution may be proposed in the Senate or House of Representatives and if the same shall be agreed to by twothirds of the members elected to each of the two Houses such proposed amendment or amendments shall be entered on their journals with the yeas and nays taken thereon And the General Assembly shall cause such amendment or amendments to be published in one or more papers in each Congressional district for two months previous to the time of holding the next general election and shall also provide for a submission of such proposed amendment or amendments to the people at said next general election and if the people shall ratify such amendment or amendments by a majority of the electors qualified to vote for members of the General Assembly voting thereon such amendment or amendments shall become a part of this Constitution When more than one amendment is submitted at the same time they shall be so submitted as to enable the electors to vote on each amendment separately
Par II No convention of the people shall be called by the General Assembly to revise amend or change this Constitution unless by the concurrence of twothirds of all the members of each House of the General Assembly The representation in said convention shall be based on population as near as practicable
Section II
Paragraph I The Constitution shall be submitted for ratificar tion or rejection to the voters of the State at an election to be held on the first Wednesday in December one thousand eight hundred and seventyseven in the several election districts of this State at which election every person shall be entitled to vote who is entitled to vote for the members of the General Assembly under the constitution and laws of force at the date of such election said election to be held and conducted as is now provided by law for holding elections for members of the General Assembly All persons voting at said election in favor of adopting the Constitution shall write or have printed on their ballots the words For Ratification and all persons opposed to the adoption of this Constitution shall write or have printed on their ballots the words Against Ratification
18
TheJotescastat said election shall be consolidated ia each of the counties of the State as is now required by law in elections for members of the General Assembly and returns thereof made to the Governor and should a majority of all the votes cast at said election be in favor of ratification he shall declare the said Constitution adopted and make proclamation of the result of said election by publication in one or more newspapers in each Congressional district of the State but should a majority of the votes cast be against ratification he shall in the same manner proclaim the said Constitution rejected K
AMENDMENTS TO CONSTITUTION
An Act to amend Paragraphs 2 and 3 of Section 3 of Article 6 and Paragraph 1 of Section 11 of Article 6 of the Constitution of this State so as to provide for the election of the Judges of Superior Courts and SolicitorsGeneral by the electors of the whole State
Acts 1897 page 16
An Act to amend Section I Article 7 Paragraph 1 of the Constitution of Georgia so as to extend the provisions of said Section Article and Paragraph to the widows of Confederate Soldiers who by reason of age and poverty or infirmity and poverty or blindness and poverty are unable to provide a living for themselves and for other purposes
Acts of 1899 page 19
An Act to amend Article 7 Section 1 of the Constitution of this State so as to limit the levy of taxes on property for any one year by the General Assembly to five mills on each dollar of the value of the property taxable in this State except for the purpose of repelling invasion suppressing insurrection or defending the State in time of war and for other purposes
Acts of 1903 page 21
An Act to alter and amend Article 8 Section 4 Paragraph 1 of the Constitution of the State by striking out the words upon the recommendation of two grand juries which begin in the first line after the word Counties and end in the second line before the word and and substituting therefor the words Militia Districts School Districts and by inserting the words Military Districts School Districts in the seventh line after the word County and before the word or and further by striking out the word twothirds which begins in the seventh line after the word a and ends in the eighth line before the word vote and substituting therefor the words twothirds majority of those voting and the manner of submitting the same for ratification and for other purposes
Acts of 1903 page 23
Au Act to a n3ni Piragnph2if Section L of Article 11 of the Constitution of this State by striking out all of said Paragraph 2 Section 1 Article 11 and inserting in lieu thereof the following There shall not be more than one hundred and fortyfive Counties in this State
Acts 1904 page 47
An Act to amend Section 3 Article 3 of the Constitution of this State which provides for the number of members of the House of Representatives by striking out Paragraph 1 of said Section of said Article and substituting in lieu thereof a Paragraph allowing an increase in the number of members of said House and naming the Counties now entitled to more than one Representative
Acts 1904 page 48
ORDINANCES
AN ORDINANCE
Be it ordained by the people of Georgia in Convention assembled
1st That the question of the location of the capital of this State be kept out of the Constitution to he adopted by this Convention
2d That at the first general election hereafter held for members of the General Assembly every voter may indorse on his ballot Atlanta or Milledgeville and the one of these places receiving the largest number of votes shall be the capital of the State until changed by the same authority and in the same way that may be provided for the alteration of the Constitution that may be adopted by the Convention whether said Constitution be ratified or rejected And that every person entitled to vote for members of the General Assembly under the present Constitution and laws of this State shall be entitled to vote under this ordinance and in the event of the rejection of said Constitution shall should a majority of votes cast be in favor of Milledgeville then this provision to operate and take effect as an amendment to the present Constitution
AN ORDINANCE
Be it ordained by the people of Georgia in Convention assembled and it is hereby ordained by authority of the same
1st That the article adopted by this Convention oh the subject of Homestead and Exemption shall not form a part of this Constitution except as hereinafter provided
2d At the election held for the ratification or rejection of this Constitution it shall be lawful for each voter to have written or printed on his ballot the words Homestead of 1877 or the words Homestead of 1868
3d In the event that a majority of the ballots so cast have indorsed upon them the words Homestead of 1877 then said article so adopted by this Convention shall form a part of the Constitution submitted if the same is ratified but in the event that said Constitution so submitted shall not be ratified then the article on Homestead and Exemptions so adopted as aforesaid by this Convention shall supersede article seven of the Constitution of 1868 on the subject of Homestead and Exemptions and form a part of this Constitution
4th If a majority of the ballots so cast as aforesaid shall have indorsed upon them the words Homestead of 1868 than article seventh of the Constitution of 1868 shall supersede the article on Homestead and Exemptions adopted by this Convention and shall be incorporated in and form a part of the Constitution so submitted and ratified
Read and adopted in Convention August 22 1877 1
Attest C J JNKINS
President Constitutional Convention
JAMES COOPER NISBET Secretary
AN ORDINANCE
Whereas A committee has been appointed by this Convention to consider and inquire into the ways and means by which the expenses of this Convention over and above those provided for by the General Assembly can be defrayed and whereas the committee are satisfied that a sufficient sum of money for the same can be procured by an ordinance of this Convention therefore
Be it ordained by the people of Georgia in Convention assembled and it is hereby ordained by authority of the same
That the President of this Convention shall he and he i hereby empowered by authority of this Convention to negotiate a loan of a sufficient sum of money at seven per cent per annum to defray the residue of the expenses of this Convention not provided for by the Act of the General Assembly calling this Convention
Read and adopted in Convention August 18 1877
Attest C J JENKINS
President Constitutional Convention
JAMES COOPER NISBET Secretary
AN ORDINANCE
Be it ordained by the people of Georgia in Convention assembled
1st That the Constitution as adopted and revised be enrolled and signed by the officers and members of this Convention
2 That the Governor shall issue his proclamation ordering an election for members of the General Assembly and a vote upon the ratification or rejection of this Constitution as therein provided and a vote upon the Capital and Homestead questions asprovided by the ordinances of this Contention
Read and adopted in Convention August 25th 1877
Attest C J JENKINS
President Constitutional Convention JAMES COOPER NISBET Secretary
AN ORDINANCE
There shall be sixteen Judicial Circuits in this State and it shall be the duty of the General Assembly to organize and apportion the same in such manner as to equalize the business and bor of the Judges in said several circuits as far as may be practicable But the General Assembly shall have power hereafter to reorganize increase or diminish the number of circuits Provided however that the circuits shall remain as now organized until changed by law
Read and adopted in Convention August 23 1877
Attest C J JENKINS
President Constitutional Convention
JAMES COOPER NISBET Secretary
AMENDMENTS TO CONSTITUTION
Paragraph 15 of Section 7 Article 3 stricken out
Paragraph 1 Section 1 Article 7 amended by adding at the end of said paragraph the following words And to make suitable provisions for such Confederate soldiers as may have been per manently injured in such service
See Acts of 18841885
Paragraph 1 Section 1 Article 7 also amended by adding at the end of said paragraph the following words And to make suitable provision for such Confederate soldiers as may have otherwise been disabled or permanently injured in such service and for the widows of such Confederate soldiers as may have died in the service of the Confederate States or since from wounds received therein or diseases contracted therein
Paragraph 3 Section 4 Article 2 amended by striking out biennially after the word and and before the word thereafter and substituting therefor the word annually
Paragraph 6 Section 4 Article 2 amended by striking out the words forty days unless by a twothirds vote of the whole number of each House and substituting therefor fifty days These amendments were construed to apply to Article 3 instead of Article 2
Paragraph 7 Section 7 Article 3 amended by adding thereto but the first and second reading of each local bill and bank and railroad charters in each House shall consist of the reading of the title only unless said bill is ordered to be engrossed
Paragraph 18 Section 7 Article 3 amended by striking out after the word companies in the second line the following words viz Except banking insurance railroad canal navigation express and telegraph companies and substituting therefor at the end of said paragraph after the word courts the following viz All corporate powers and privileges to banking insurance railroad canal navigation express and telegraph companies shall be issued and granted by theSecretary of State in such manner as shall be prescribed by law
See Acts of 189091 Vol 1 pages 55 to 60 inclusive
Paragraph 1 Section 1 of Article 7 by adding after the word service in the thirteenth line of said paragraph the following words towit Or who by reason of age and poverty or infirmity and poverty or blindness and poverty are unable provide a living for themselves
Act approved December 19 18t3 Adopted by vote of the people Oct 1894
174
Paragraph 2 Section 3 Article 6 amended so that the same shall read as follows The successors to the present and subsequent incum
bents shall be elected by the electors entitled to vote for members of the General Assembly of the whole State at the general election held for such members next proceeding the expiration of their respective terms provided that the successors for all incumbents whose terms expire on or before the first day of January 1899 shall be elected by the General Assembly at its session for 1898 for the full term of four years
Paragraph 8 Section 3 Article 6 amended so that said paragraph shall read as follows The terms of the judges to be elected under the Constitution except to fill vacancies shall begin on the first day of January alter their election Every vacancy occasioned by death resignation or other causes shall be filled by appointment of the Governor until the first day of January after the general election held next after the expiration of thirty days from the time such vacancy occurs at which election a successor for the unexpired term shall be elected
Paragraph 1 Section 11 Article 6 amended so that the same shall read as follows There shall be a SolicitorGeneral for each judicial circuit whose official term except to fill a vacancy shall be lour years The successors of present and subsequent incumbents shall be elected by the electors of the whole State qualified to vote for members of the General Assembly at the general election held next preceding the expiration of their respective terms Every vacancy occasioned by death resignation or other cause shall be filled by appointment of the Governor until the first day of January after the general election held next after the expiration of thirty days from the time such vacancy occurs at which election a successor for the unexpired term shall be elected provided that the successor for all incumbents whose terms expire on or before the first day of January 1899 shall be elected by the General Assembly at its session for 1898 for the full term of four years
Paragraph 1 Section 1 Article 7 amended so that the same shall read as follows and for the widows ot such Confederate soldiers who by reason of age and poverty or infirmity and poverty or blindness and poverty are unable to provide a living for themselves provided that the Act shall only apply to such widows as were married at the time of such service and have remained unmarried since the death of such soldier husband
INDEX
TO THE
CONSTITUTION OF GEORGIA
PiUiexvcicrcii co t1 a v v t
of the provision referred to the original division of the instrument being strictly followed
A
A S P
Absent members of Legislature attendance of compelled 3 4 4
Abuse under arrest or in prison prohibited 1 1 9
Of liberty of speech or press responsibility for 1 1 15
Academy incorporated exempt from taxation 7 2 2
Acceptors suits against where tried 6 16 5
Account of Treasurer to be published quarterly 3 7 11
Accusation copy to be furnished defendant on demand 115 Acts amending or repealing must describe the law
affected 3 7 11
Local and private authority of 12 1 4
Must be signed by President of Senate and Speaker
of House 3 7 13
Requiring twothirds voteyeas and nays must be
recorded 3 7 21
Adjournment of Legislature by less than a majority 3 4 4
Consent of both Houses required when 3 7 24
Houses failing to agree Governor may adjourn them 3 7 24
Resolutions of not submitted to Governor 5 1 17
Ad yalorem Tax on property shall be 7 2 1
Aged and infirm persons entitled to Homestead 9 11
Aid of State to any religious denomination prohibited 1 1 14
To any person or corporation by lending credit or
taking stock prohibited 7 5 1
To any person or corporation by donation or gratuity prohibited 7 16 1
Aid of County or City to person or corporation prohibited 7 6 1
Amendments to Appropriation and F ue bills by
Senate 3 7 10
To Constitution 13 1 1
m
Amendments Continued
A s P
To statute or code form of amendment act 3 7 17
Animals special tax may be imposed on vicious ones 7 2 1
Appeal from one jury to another in Superior and City
Courts 6 4 6
From Ordinary to Superior Court 6 6 1
From Justice of the Peace to Jury or Superior Court 6 7 2
Appellate Jurisdiction of the Superior Court 6 4 4
Appointment of Legislator to another office prohibited 3 4 7
By Governor to fill vacancies 5 1 14
Rejected by Senate effect of 5 1 15
Of State School Commissioner 8 2 1
Apportionment of Representatives how changed 3 3 2
Appropriation Acts authority of 12 1 3
Bills general and special 3 7 9
Bills must originate in House of Representatives 3 7 10
Bills yeas and nays must be recorded on 3 7 12
Bills may be approved in part 5 1 16
Necessary to authorize payment by Treasurer 3 7 11
For University of Georgia and College for colored
pupils 8 6 1
Approval of Governor to Bills 5 1 16
Of governor to Resolutions and Orders 5 1 17
Arms right of citizens to bearmanner of bearing 1 1 22
Army of the States Governor is Commander of 5 1 11
Arrest abuse under prohibited119
Punishment for rescue from under order either
House 3 7 2
Privilege of Elector from 2 3 1
Privilege of member Legislature from 3 7 3
Artificial limbs for Confederate soldiers 7 11
Assemble right of people to do so guaranteed 1 1 24
Associate Justice of Supreme Court 6 2 1
Atlanta City Court of errors corrected in Supreme Court 6 2 5
Attainder bill of prohibited 1 3 2
Attendance of members of the Legislature compelled 3 4 4
Attendance of members of Legislature privileges during 3 7 3
Attorney right to defend or prosecute by 1 1 4
Right of Defendant in criminal cases to have 11 5
General election of 6 10 1
General duties 6 10 2
General salary 6 13 1
General qualifications 6 14 1
Authority of Constitution treaties laws judgments etc 12 1
177
B
A 8 P
Bail shall not be excessive 1 19
Ballotelection by the people shall be by 2 11
Banishment beyond the State prohibited 117
Banks may be incorporated by the Legislature 3 7 18
Bequests may bereceived by the University of Georgia 8 6 1
Bills number of readings necessary before passage 3 7 7
Majority of all members in favor of necessary to
passage 3 7 14
Rejected not again proposed without consent of two
thirds 3 7 i3
Appropriation and Revenue must originate in
House 3 7 10
Appropriations general and special requisites of 3 7 9
Appropriations must be passed by yeas and nays 3 7 12
Revision of by Governor Vetohow overruled 5 13
See Local Bills also Acts
Bond required of Secretary of Senate and Clerk of House 3 8 1
Required of Secretary of State ComptrollerGenl
and Treasurer 5 2 6
Required of Public Printer 7 17 1
Bonded debt not to be increased 7 12 1
Sale of States property to be applied to 7 13 1
Of county or city provisions for meeting 7 7 2
Bonds in cases involving an interested Judge cannot
preside 6 2 3
Of State declared void not to be paid or submitted
to suit 7 11
Of Western Atlantic Railroad paid by proceeds of
Road 7 13
Boundaries of counties to remain as now till changed
by law 11 1
Bribery Conviction of disqualifies for office or voting 2 2 1
Bridges established by the Courts not Legislature 3 7 18
Bridges Ordinarys jurisdiction in matters of 6 6 2
Bridges taxatipn by county to keep up 7 0 9
Borrowing money by State laws for must specify purpose 7 4 j
Buildings public exempt from taxation 7 2 2
Public tax by county to maintain 7 0 2
Ordinary s jurisdiction 0 0 2
Burial places exempt from tax 7 2 2
0
Canal Companies may be incorporated by Legislature 3 7 18
Capital location of ordinance concerning 12 1 8
12 m
178
A S P
Capitol site for may be donated to the State 7 b 1
Censure of members of Legislature for misconduct 5 7 1
Certiorari writs of may be issued by Judge Superior
Court 6 4 5
Challenge of voter oath to be administered 2 1 2
Conviction of sending or accepting disqualifies for
office 2 4 2
Charitable institutions public exempt from taxation 7 2 2
Public aid from county or city 7 6 1
Charter of Corporations amended on conditions 4 2 8
Chief Justice of Supreme Court presides in impeachment trialssee Supreme Court 3 5 4
Children legitimatized and names changed by the
Courts 3 7 18
Church not to receive money from the State 1 1 14
Citizens of the State who are and right to protection 1 1 25
Of the State entitled to vote when 2 12
City aid by donation or taking stock prohibited 7 6 1
Consent before Street Railroad can be built in 3 7 2C
Courts of the State need not be uniform 6 9 1
Court appeals and new trials in 6 4 6
Court errors corrected in Supreme Court 625
Court Judge may serve in Supreme Court when 651
Debt to be incurred by limited 7 7 1
Debt bonded provisions for meeting 7 7 2
Debt not to be assumed by State 7 8 1
Debt to be incurred only by authority of City Government 7 10 1
Public schools may be maintained by tax 8 4 1
Civil authority superior to the military 1 1 19
Cases where tried 6 16 6
Cases judgment by Court without Jury when 6 4 7
Cases venue how changed 6 17 1
Jurisdiction of Superior Court 6 4 3
Jurisdiction of Justices Court 6 7 2
Clerical expenses of Treasurer Secretary of State and
ComptrollerGeneral 5 2 234
Clerk of House of Representatives Compensation and
Bond of 3 81
Clerks of the Governor VS 5 1 19
Code sections not amended or repealed by reference to
numbers 6 7 17
Colleges exempt from taxation 7 2 2
For colored pupils 6 6 1
Colored pupils College for P
179
A
Colored and white Public Schools to be separate 8
Commissioner of Schools appointed and salary of 8
Commissioners of county affairs authorized 6
Commissioners of county affairs authorized 11
Committee on Local and Special bills 3
Common Law Courts may be clothed with equity juris diction 6
Common School systemsee Education 8
Commutation power in the Governor 5
Tax for military services goes to Schools 8
Companies incorporation of 3
Volunteer military organization of 10
Compensation for private ways and public use of property 1
Of Clerk of House and Secretary of Senate 3
Of Jurors how fixed 6
Extra not be granted officers or contractors 7
Competition arrangements by corporations to defeat
void 4
ComptrollerGeneral must license Life Insurance Companies 3
Supervise deposits of Life Insurance Companies 3
Officer of Executive Department 5
Examination suspension and discharge of 5
Election of 5
Salary and Clerks hire 5
Eligibility and Bond of 5
Perquisites not allowed to 5
Must report to Governor 7
Confederate Soldiers pensions for 7
Public debt not to be paid 7
Conscience right of not to be controlled 1
Liberty of does not excuse licentiousness 1
Consent of parities to vary general law in individual cases l City to building Street Railroads within its limits 3 Constitution of Georgia may be altered or abolished by
the people 1
Authority of 12
Amendments of 13
Amendments by Convention 13
To be submitted to the people 13
And United Stateslaws in violation of void 1
Of United States authority of 12
Constitutional Convention provisions to call 13
s p
1 1
2 1
19 1
3 1
7 5
5 2
1 1
1 12
3 1
7 18
1 2
3 1
8 1
18
16 2
2 4
12 2
12 3
1 1
1 18
2 1
2 4
2 6
2 7
15 1
1 1
11 1
1 12
1 13
4 1
7 20
5 1
1 2
1 1
1 2
O A 1
4 2
1 1
1 2
180
Construction of Constitution not to deny rights not enumerated
Contempt limitation of Courts power to punish for
Either House of General Assembly may punish for
Contested Election for Governor
Contracts laws impairing obligation of void
By Govynment releasing power to tax void
By Government heretofore made not impaired Between corporations defeat competition void
Judgments on without verdict when
Jurisdiction of Justices Courts in cases of
Contractor not to receive extra compensation from Government
Convention see Constitutional Convention and Ordinances
Conviction costs not to be exacted of defendant until
Does not work corruption or forfeiture
Of certain offenses disfranchises
Impeachment vote necessary
Dueling disqualifies for office
Copartners suits against where tried
Coroners County Tax to pay
Corporate powers what may be granted by LegislatureCorporators not to be damaged by revocation of charter Corporations subject to police power and eminent domain
Legislation in favor of conditional
Acts of to defeat competition and monopolize void
Right to tax not to be released
State not to take stock in aid or lend credit to
County or City not to take stock in aid or lend
credit to
Donations to from State prohibited
Authority of rights already accrued to
Municipalsee City
Costs not payable by defendant till conviction
In Supreme Court
County Commissioners may be created
Debt to be incurred by limited
Debt not to be assumed by State
Debt bonded provisions for meeting
Not to aid or take stock in Corporation
Public Schools may be maintained by
Matters Ordinarys jurisdiction
Officers election term qualification and removal
1 s P
1 5 5
1 1 20
3 7 2
5 1 6
1 3
4 1 1
4 2 6
4 2 4
6 4 7
6 7 2
7 16 2
1 1 10
1 2 3
2 2 1
3 5 4
2 4 2
6 16 4
7 6 2
3 7 18
1 3 3
4 2 2
4 2 3
4 2 4
7 2 5
7 5 1
7 6 1
7 16 1
12 1 5
1 1 10
6 21 1
6 19 1
11 3 1
7 7 1
7 8 1
7 7 2
7 6 1
8 4 1
6 6 2
11 2 1
181
County CommissionersContinued
A 8 P
Officers and tribunals to be uniform in the State 11 3 1
Is a body corporate suits of and boundaries 11 1 1
New one not to be created 11 1 2
Lines and site how changed H 1 34
Merger of3 11 1 5
Special Acts authority of 12 1 4
Corruption of blood not worked by conviction 12 3
Courts power to punish for contempt limited 11 20
Power in matters denied to Legislature 3 7 18
Of the State 6 1
Not mentioned in Constitution may be abolished 6 20
Of Common Law may be vested with equity jurisdiction 6 4 2
Of same grade throughout State must be uniform 6 9 1
Courts tax to pay expenses of 7 6 2
Jurisdiction against Homestead denied 9 2 1
Authority of judgments and decrees of 12 1 5
Existing judgments and decrees of ratified 12 1 6
See also Supreme Superior City and Justice Courts
Credit of State not to be pledged to Corporations or persons 7 5 1
Creditors law to be provided for reaching concealed
property of debtor 1 26
Not to be damaged by revocation of Charter 13 3
Crime conviction in what cases disfranchises 2 2 1
Lobbying declared to be 15 5
Criminal cases Jury judges of law and fact 1 2 1
Judge may grant new trial on conviction 12 1
Jurisdiction of Superior Court 6 4 1
Rights of defendant in 115
Where tried 6 16 6
Venue when changed 6 17 1
D
Damages jurisdiction of Justices Courts in cases of 6 7 1
Death of Governor vacancy how filled 5 1 8
Officer vacancy how filled 5 1 14
Debate liability of Legislators for words spoken in 3 7 3
Debts Public taxation to pay 7 1 1
Public new debt contracted to pay 7 3 1
Power of State to contract restricted 7 3 1
Of County taxation to pay 7 6 2
Power of City or County to contract restricted 7 7 1
182
Deb ts Continued
A 8 P
To be incurred by City only on authority of City
Government 7 10 l
Of County or City not to be assumed by State 7 8 1
Void and Confederate against State not to be paid 7 11 1
Debtor Concealing Property provisions against 12 6
May waive Homestead 9 3 1
May waive Exemptions of the old Code 9 5 1
Decrees of Court authority and ratification of 12 156
Defaulters of public moneys disqualified for Legislature 3 4 7
Defend or prosecute in person or by attorney right to 114
Defense under oath not filed Court to render judgment
when 6 4 7
Of State debts may be contracted for 7 3 1
Deficiency of Revenue in State supplied by borrowing 7 3 1
Of Revenue in City and County supplied by borrowing 7 7 1
Deposit required of Insurance Companies 3 12
Of public funds Treasurer to receive no profit from 5 2 5
Disabilities may be removed by Governor 5 1 12
Discrimination in Tariff by Railroad regulated 4 2 1
Disordely behavior in presence of Legislature punished 3 7 12
Disqualification to hold office or vote 2 2 1
Religious opinion is not 1 1 13
To hold office in more than one department 1 1 23
Of illegal holders of public money 2 4 1
Of Duelists 2 4 2
Eor Legislature and of legislator to other office 3 4 7
Resulting from impeachment 355
Of Judge of Supreme Court who presides 6 2 2
Judge of Superior Court who presides 6 4 9
Judge of Superior Court when there is a City Judge 6 5 1
Of interested Judge in bond cases 6 2 3
Districts Senatorial number composition and change of 3 2123
Divorce exclusive jurisdiction in Superior Court 6 4 1
First and second verdicts in cases of 6 15 12
Suits where tried 6 16 1
Domestic animals of viciousmature special tax on 7 2 1
Animals tax on goes to educational purposes 8 11
Donations by State prohibited 7 16 1
By State to University allowed 8 6 1
Drawer and Acceptor suits against where tried 6 16 5
Dueling conviction of disqualifies for office 24
183
Education Common School System established 8 1
Commissioner of Public Schools 8 2
Confined to English in local public schools 7 6
Confined to English in State public schools 8 1
Poll Tax for purposes of
Special Tax for purposes of 8 3
Taxation for purposes of by State 7 1
Taxation for purposes of by City or County 7 6
Appropriations for purposes of by City or County 7 6
Election by the people shall be by ballot 2 1
By the Legislature shall be viva vocey 3 10
Days furnishing Liquor on prohibited 2 5
Privilege of Electors while attending1 2 3
Precincts changed by Courts not Legislature 3 7
Returns where made 2 6
Of members General Assembly 8 4
Members General Assembly each house to judge of 3 7
President of the Senate 3 5
Speaker of the House of Representatives 3 6
Governor 5 1
Governor returns how made 5 1
Returns opened and published 5 1
Governor by General Assembly 3 1
Contested 5 1
Special 3 1
To fill vacancies in General Assembly 5 1
Of Secretary of State CompGenl and Treasurer 5 2
Judges of Supreme Court 6 2
Judges of Superior Court 6 3
Judges Supreme Superior Courts and SolGenl 6 12
Justices of the Peace 6 7
AttorneyGeneral 6 10
By City or County on creating a new Debt 7 7
City or County on School question 8 4
To change County Site 11 1
Merge one County into another H 1
Election of County Officers 11 2
On amendments to Constitution 13 1
Ratification of Constitution 13 2
Electors who shall be so deemed 2
Registration of maybe provided for 2 2
Privileges of while attending elections 2 3
Embezzlement of public funds disfranchises 2 2
p
1
1
2
1
3
1
1
2
r
1
1
1
1
18
1
2
1
2
2
3
4
5
5
6
9
13
1
4
2
1
3
1
1
1
4
5
1
1
1
2
1
1
184
A S P
Eminent Domain not to be abridged in favor of Corporations 4 22
Encumbrances Homestead liable for removal of 9 2 1
Endorsers suits against where tried 6 16 5
Equal Rights not to be infringed by Corporations 4 2 1
Equity Cases where tried 6 16 3
Jurisdiction is in Superior Court 6 4 1
Jurisdiction may be conferred on Common Law
Courts 6 4 2
Errors in Superior and City Courts corrected in Supreme
Court 6 2 5
Of inferior judicatories corrected by Certiorari 6 4 5
Estate not forfeited by conviction 1 2 3
Excessive Bail and Fines forbidden 1 1 9
Executive Legislative and Judicial Departments are
distinct 1 1 23
Department officers of 5 1 l
Department officers of report suspension and removal of 5 1 18
Powers vested in Governor 5 1 2
Exemption from Taxation and void Exemption 7 2 2 45
From Levy and Saley 9 1 1
From Levy and Sale waiver of 9 3 1
From Levy and Sale under Debtors Act not repealed 9 4 1
From Levy and Sale under Debtors Act waiver of 9 5 1
Exhibitions special tax on goes to Public Schools 8 3 1
Expense of Clerks and Secretaries to Governor 5 1 18
Of Clerks of Secretary of State ComptrollerGeneral
and Treasurer 5 2 234
Ex Post Facto Law not to be passed 13 2
Express Companies chartered by Legislature 3 7 18
Expulsion of Member of General Assembly for misconduct 3 7 1
Extra session of Legislature before November 1st 1878 3 4 3
Session of Legislature may be called by Governor 5 1 13
Compensation not to be allowed by Government 7 16 2
F
Family each Head of entitledto Homestead 9 1 1
Fees not allowed officers of Executive Department 5 2 7
Not allowed AttorneyGeneral 6 13 1
Felony exclusive jurisdiction in Superior Court 6 4 1
Females persons having care of entitled to Homestead 9 11
Ferries established by Courts not Legislature 3 7 18
Ordinarys jurisdiction concerning 6 6 2
185
a s r
Fines imposed must not be excessive 119
Imposed on member of Legislature for misconduct 3 7 1
Fire Insurance Companies deposit required of 3 12 4
Foreign Power Governor to receive no Emolument from 5 1 2
Forfeiture of Estate not brought about by conviction 12 3
Of Recognizance relieved against when 3 7 19
Of Charter remitted only on conditions 4 2 3
Fraud Legislature may provide Punishment for 12 6
Judgments attacked for 12 1 5
Free Schoolssee Education 8 11
Freight on Railroads subject to regulation by law 4 2 1
Rebate not allowed nor deceit as to amount charged 4 2 5
Furniture waiver of Exemption not good against all 9 3 1
Funds of county Ordinarys jurisdiction 6 6 2
Of Public officers not to profit from use of 7 9 1
Sinking provided for 7 14 1
G
General Assembly
Consisting of Senate and House is the Legislative
power 3 1 1
Members of elected for two years3 4 1
Election when held 3 4 2
Election returns where made 2 6 1
Attendance of required 3 4 4
Oath of 3 4 5
Who are disqualified to be 347
Disqualified for certain other offices 3 4 7
Not to profit from use of public funds 7 9 1
Not to be interested in public printing 7 17 1
Seats of vacated by removal 3 4 8
Punished for misconduct in each House 3 7 1
Privileges of 3 7 3
Per diem and mileage of 3 9 1
Majority of all necessary to passage of bill 3 7 14
Officers of who are 3 8 1
Quorum of to transact business 3 4 4
Adjournment by less than a quorum 3 4 4
Adjournment for more than three days etc 3 7 24
Elections by shall be viva voce 3 10 1
Of Judges of Supreme Court by 1st election 6 2 4
Of Judges of Superior Court by 1st election 6 3 2
Of Judges of Supreme and Superior Courts and
SolicitorsGeneral 6 12 1
Of Governor by when 5 15
Of Governor contested determined by 5 16
18
General assemblyContinued
A s P
May pardon commute of reprieve for treason 5 1 12
May direct affixing of the Great Seal 5 3 1
Sessions of are annual 3 4 3
Of limited to 50 days 3 4 6
Of extra may be called by Governor 5 1 13
Ofj joint held in Representative Hall 3 10 1
Each House of may compel attendance of members 3 4 4
Is judge of electn and qualificatn of its membrs 37 1
May punish for misconduct 3 7 12
Must keep a Journal 3 7 4
Has general power of legislation 3 7 22
HAS POWEB BY LAW TO
Provide punishment for fraud 1 2 6
For registration of voters 2 2 1
For removal Secretary of State Comptroller
General and Treasurer 5 1 1
For appeals in Superior and City Courts 6 4 6
For appointments of J udge pro hac vice 6 4 9
Commissioners for county affairs 6 19 1
For organizing the Militia 10 1 1
Prescribe manner of bearing arms 1 1 22
Number of Jurors in Inferior Courts 6 18 1
Who shall vote on School questions 8 4 1
Change Senatorial Districts when 3 2 3
Apportionment of Representatives 3 3 2
t Governors Salary by twothirds vote 5 1 2
Salaries of Judges Attorneys and Solid tors
General 6 13 2
Substitute another officer for School Commissioner 8 2 1
Establish Courts 6 1 1
Abolish Courts not named in Constitution 6 20 2
Confer Equity jurisdiction on Common Law Courts 6 4 2
Authorize formation of Voluuter Companies 10 1 2
Require Fire Insurance Companies to make deposit 3 12 4
Subject corporate property to public use when 4 2 1
Sell States property 7 13 1
Make donations to University of Georgia 8 6 1
Make donations to College for colored people 8 6 1
Amend Constitution in manner provided 13 1 5 1
Call Constitutional Convention as provided 13 1 2
187
General Assembly Continued
SHALL BY LAW
Limit power of Courts to punish for Contempt
Protect citizens in their rights
Provide penalty agcinst Lottery Agents
Provide penalty against Lobbying
Prohibit furnishing Liquor on election days
Provide penalty against Treasurer receiving unlawful fee 1
Provide for reaching concealed property of Debtor Compel Insurance Companies to report to Governor
Regulate Freight and Passenger tariff
Enforce provisions against monopolies etc
Establish uniformity in local tribunals
Provide for selection and compensation of j urors
A Sinking Fund
For letting Public Printing to highest bidder
Setting apart and valuation of Homestead
For appeals in Superior and City Courts
SHALL NOT PASS ANY LAW
To restrain or curtail liberty of speech or press
Respecting social status of citizens
Of Attainder ex post facto impairing contracts
Making irrevocable grants of special privileges
To revoke grants to injury of creditors or corporators
Of special nature when general law provides
Varying general law affecting private rights without
consent
In violation of Constitution of Georgia or the United
States
Referring to more than one matter or different from
title
Incorporating companies except for class named
Relieving against recognizances except as stated
Authorizing Street Railroad in city without citys
consent
For benefit of particular corporations except on
conditions
Authorizing one corporation to buy stock in another County or City to aid persons or corporations
Payment of void bonds or Confederate debts
Granting donation or gratuity to persons or Corporations
Extra compensation to officer or contractors
See Tax
A 8 p
1 1 20
1 1 25
1 2 4
1 2 5
3 5 1
5 2 5
1 2 6
3 12 5
4 2 1
4 2 7
6 9 1
6 18 23
7 14 1
7 17 1
9 4 1
6 4 6
1 1 15
1 1 18
1 3 2
1 3 2
1 3 3
1 4 1
1 4 1
1 4 2
3 7 8
3 7 18
3 7 19
3 7 20
4 2 3
7 6 1
7 11 1
7 16 1
7 16 2

Hi

188
J
A 8 F
God may be worshipped according to dictates of conscience ii 1 1 12
Governor an officer of the Executive Department 5 11
Executive powers vested in 5 1 2
Salary term and limitations of terms of office 5 12
Election installation and terms of election of 5 1 14
Of by the Legislature when 5 15
Qualification and oath of 5 1710
Death resignation or disability of 5 18
Secretary and Clerks of 5 1 Iff
Is Commander of the Army and Conservator of the
Peace 5 111 12
May adjourn the Legislature when 3 7 24
Call Extra Session of the Legislature 5 1 13
Direct affixing of the Great Seal 5 3 1
Pardon reprieve commute and remit penalties 5 1 12
Remove disabilities 5 1 12
With the Treasurer loan the Sinking Fund 7 14 1
Require services of AttorneyGeneral 6 10 2
Shall order elections to fill vacancies in Legislature 5 1 13
Fill vacancies in other offices 5 1 14
Offices of J udges and SolicitorsGeneral 6 12 1
Aj point State School Commissioner 8 2 1
Judge to preside in Supreme Court when 6 2 2
Commission Notaries Public exofficio Justices of
Peace 6 8 1
Examine and publish Report of Comptroller and
and Treasurer 7 15 1
Proclaim result of Election on Constitution 13 2 2
Cannot appoint member of Legislature to office 3 4 7
A person rejected by Senate when 5 1 15
Has revision of bills and resolutions of Legislature 5 1 17
Supervision over Executive officers 5 118
Government originates with people duty of 1 1 12
Exclusive right of the people to regulate 1 5 1
Legislative Executive and Judicial Departments
distinct 1 1 23
Support of by taxation 7 1 1
Grants limiting power to tax voidra0 4 1 1
Irrevocable of special privileges void 13 2
Not to be revoked so as to work injustice 13 3
Great Seal of the State use and device of 5 3 1
Guardian of minors entitled to Homestead 9 11

189
H
A S P
Habeas Corpus Writ shall not be suspended 1 1 11
Head of family entitled to Homestead 9 1 1
Homestead and Exemption to whom allowed and
amount of
Not subject to levy and sale J 2 1
Setting apart of to be provided for 941
Supplemental W
Already allowed good against old debts y 7 1
Ordinance effect of I2 1 3
Of 1868 sales of confirmed 9 8 1
Of 1868 sales and reinvestments of 9 9 1
Under Debtors Act not repealed 9 4 1
Under Debtors Act Waiver of 9 5 1
House secure from search except as provided 1 1 16
Soldiers not to be quartered in except as provided 1 19
Of Representativessee Representatives
Household furniture waiver of exemption on 9 3 1
Husbands debts wifes property not liable for 3 11 1
I
Idiots disqualified Lo vote or hold office 2 2 1
Immunities special not to be irrevocably granted 13 2
Not to be revoked so as to work injustice 13 3
Impeachment power in House of Representatives 3 6 3
Power to tryin the Senate 3 5 3
Chief Justice to preside at trial of 3 5 4
Vote necessary to convict 3 5 4
Effect of conviction 3 5 5
Governor cannot pardon in case of 5 1 12
Imprisonment abuse under forbidden 1 1 9
For debt prohibited 1 1 21
For misbehavior in presence of Legislature 3 7 12
Improvement on Homestead is part of 9 2 1
Indictment copy to be furnished defendant on demand 1 1 5
Inferior Judicatories errors of corrected by Certiorari 6 4 5
Infirm persons entitled to Homestead 9 11
Inherent rights not enumerated and not denied 1 5 2
Insane persons not entitled to vote or hold office 2 2 1
Inspection by Governor of Executive Offices 5 1 18
Installation of Governor 5 1 3
Insurance Department expense of 5 2 4
Companies to make reports to Governor 3 12 5
Chartered by Legislature 3 l3
190
insurance DepartmentContinued
Fire deposit made with Treasury A 3 s 12 p 4
Foreign and Home Life deposits required 3 12 13
Foreign Life ComptrollerGeneral to license 3 12 2
Interest on Public Debt taxation authorized to pay 7 1 1
Intoxicating drinks not to be furnished on election days 2 5 1
Insurrection and invasion in time of Bills may pass summarily 3 7 7
Tax to suppress 7 1 1
Bonded debt incurred to suppress 7 12 1
Debts contracted to suppress 7 3 1
Contracted by city or county to suppress assumed by State 7 8 1
Invasionsee Insurrection Investment of funds raised by sale of homestead 9 3 1
Irrevocable grants of special privileges void j 1 3 2
Jeopardy more than once for same offense prohibited 1 1 8
J oint obligors suit against where tried 6 16 4
Owner in property State shall not become 7 6 1
Journal each House of the General Assembly shall keep 3 7 4
Original preserved in the office of Secretary of State 3 7 5
Yeas and nays to be recorded in at request of onefifth 3 7 6
Yeas and nays to be recorded in when twothird vote is required 3 7 21
Must show majority of all members voted for bills passed 3 7 14
Must contain proposed amendments to Constitution 13 1 1
Of House must contain vote of elections by Legislature 3 10 1
Judge disqualified to preside in bond cases if interested in the bonds 6 2 3
Pro hac vice Legislature may authorize 6 4 9
May grant new trials in cases of conviction 1 2 1
See Supreme Superior and City Courts Judicial Legislative and Executive Departments distinct 1 1 23
Powers of the State where vested 6 1 1
Judiciary to declare unconstitutional acts void 1 4 2
Judgment of Impeachment extent of 3 5 6
Of Supreme Court may be withheld one term 6 2 7
Without verdict of Jury when 6 4 7
Of Courts authority of 12 1 5
Heretofore rendered ratified 12 1 6
Jurisdiction of Supreme Court
Of Superior Court 6
Of Superior Court appellate 6
Of Ordinary
Of Ordinary County matters
Of Justices of the Peace
Against homesteads denied 9
Jury right of trial by an impartial 1
Right of trial by Guaranteed 6
Judges of law and fact in criminal cases1
Appeal from one to another in Superior and City
Courts
From Justice of the Peace to 6
Grand to recommend Commissioned Notary for ap
1 A
pointment
JJrand and Traverse selection and qualification of 6
Compensation of how fixed
Tax by county to pay
Justice of the Peace may be member of Legislature 3
Part of Judiciary 6
Election Commission and removal of 6
Term of
Jurisdiction Sessions and Appeals
Ex Officio
K
Kitchen furniture waiver of exemption of 9
L
Labor done on Homestead Homestead is liable for 9
Land cases involving title to brought in Superior Court 6
Cases involving title to tried at what place 6
Homestead and Exemption on 9
Larceny conviction of disfranchises 2
Law due process of required to affect rights of persons 1 Laws of general nature must have uniform operation 1 Of general nature affecting private rights how varied 1
Unconstitutional are void 1
For more than one matter or different from title
void 3
Majority vote of all members necessary to pass 3
For tax shall be general 7
Not repealed or amended by reference to title alone 3
For borrowing money must be specific 7
To change County lines must be a general law 11
192
LawsContinued
a s p
Of general operation 12
Of United States authority of 12 1 1
Of Georgia authority of 12 1 3
Local and special authority of 12 1 4
See Local also General Assembly
Learning Seminaries of exempt from taxation 7 2 2
Legislative power is in the General Assembly 3 1 1
Executive and Judicial Departments distinct 1 1 23
LegislatureSee General Assembly
Legitimate Children power in Courts 3 7 18
Levy and Sale exemptions from 9 1 1
Libels in prosecutions for truth may be given in evidence 12 1
Liberty person to be deprived of only by due process of
law 113
Not to be jeopardized but once for same offense 1 1
Of Conscience not to be controlled 1 1 12
Of speech or press not to be curtailed 1 1 5
Libraries Public may be exempt from taxation 7 2 2
Licentiousness not excused on account of liberty of Conscience 1 1 13
Life person not to be deprived of but by due process of
law 1 13
Not to be jeopardized but once for same offense 118
Crimes involving jurisdiction in Superior Court 6 4 1
See Insurance
Lines of County to be changed under operation of general law 11 1 3
Liquor special tax on for Educational purposes 8 3 1
Not to be furnished on Election days 2 5 1
List of witnesses to be furnished defendant on demand 115
Litigation tax by County to pay expenses of 7 6 2
Literary Associations may be exempt from taxation 7 2 2
Loans to State for casual deficiencies of revenue 7 3 1
County or City for casual deficiencies of revenue 771
Of Sinking Fund by Governor and Treasurer 7 14 1
Lobbying is a crime Legislature must provide a penalty 1 2 5
Publication of before passed 3 7 13
Acts authority of 12 1 4
School Systems existing not affectdd hereby 8 5 1
Lottery Tickets sale of prohibited 12 4
M
Macon and Brunswick Railroad if sold proceeds where
applied 7 13 1
193
A g P
Majority of each branch of Legislature constitute quorum 3 4 4
Of all members of each Hous necefefery to pass bill 3 t 14 Malfeasance in office disfranchises 2 2 1
Malpractice in office by Justice of the Peace Removal for 6 7 3
Mandamus issued by Judge of Superior Courti 6 4 5
Marriage does not divest wife of her property 3 11
Material furnished Homestead it is liable for9 f 2 1 Matter different from title not to bp contained in bill r 3 7 8
Members of General Assemblysee General Assem
Merger of counties ll 1 5
Message of Governor 5 1 13
Mileage of the members of tbe General Assembly3 9 1
Military authority subordinate to Civil 11 19
Commission except in Militia disqualifies for Leg
islature 3 4 7
Service Commutation for goes to Public Schools 8 3 1
CompaniesYdlunteer organizations 10 1 2
Companies Volunteer paid only when called by
Statfe10 4 3
Militia officers may be member of Legislature1 3 4 7
Governor is commanderinchief of 5 1 11
District one Justice of the Peace for each 6 7 1
District one commissioned Notary for each 6 8 1
Organization of maybe provided for 10 1 1
Paid only when called out by State 10 1 3
IMinOrs family of entitled to Homesteadvv 9 1 1
Ministerial officer not to levy on Homestead 9 2 1
Misconduct of member of Legislature how punished 3 7 1
Mistrial in criminal casesauthorizes a eecond trial 11 8
Money not to be donated by State to any church fete 1 1 14
Illegal holders of public disqualified for office 2 4 1
Public defaulters of disqualified for Legislature 3 4 7
Authority and manner of drawing from Treasury 3 7 11
Borrowed by State lawn for and use of 7 4 1
Monopoly provisionsagainst v i 4 2 4
Municipal Corporationsee City
N
Names of children changed byCourts3 7 18
Navigation Companies chartered by Legislature 3 7 18
Navy of State Governor is Commanded otv5 1 11
New trial in criminal cases authorizfes second trial 11 8
In criminal cases may be granted on conviction 1 2 1
May be granted by Superior and City Courtfi 4 6
18 m
194
NewContinued
A S P
Counties not to be formed 11 1 2
Notaries Public commissioned part of Judiciary 6 11
Appointment commission and powers 6 8 1
Novation of charter what shall so operate 4 2 3
O
Oath of voter if challenged 2 12
Of member of General Assembly 3 4 5
Of Governor 5 1 10
To pleas 6 4 7
Obligation of contracts not to be impaired by law 1 8 2
Of contracts heretofore made by State binding 4 2 6
Office illegal holders of public money ineligible for 2 4 1
Who may not hold 22 1
Impeachment removes from and disqualifies for 3 5 5
Profiting from use of public money disqualifies for 7 9 1
Conviction of Dueling disqualifies for 2 4 2
Religious opinion does not disqualify for 1 1 13
In gift of Governor or Legislature legislator disqualified for 3 4 7
Malfeasance in disfranchises 2 2 1
Officers are trustees of the people and amenable to them 1 11
Of one department disqualified to act in another 1 1 23
Returns of election of where made 2 6 1
Of State or the United States disqualified for Legislature 3 4 7
Of Militia or Justice of the Peace may be legislator 3 4 7
Of General Assembly who are 5 11
Of Executive Department who are 3 8 1
Of Executive Department report suspension and
removal of 5 1 18
Profiting from use of public fund punishable 7 9 1
Extra compensation to after service prohibited 7 16 2
Not to be interested in Public Printing 7 17 1
Not to levy on Homestead 9 2 1
Of County election removal and disqualification of 11 2 1
Of county to be uniform except Commissioners 11 3 1
Now existing to continue till successor qualified 12 1 7
Order passed by Legislature must have Governors approval 5 1 17
Ordinances rejected not to be again proposed unless by
twothirds vote 3 7 13
Must have but one subjectmatter and same as title 3 7 8
Of the Convention authority of 12 1 3
195
Ord idances Continued
A s p
Of the Convention to have effect of laws 12 1 8
See Ordinances in Appendix
Ordinary Courts of parts of Judiciary 6 11
Courts of jurisdiction of 6 6 1
Term of office 6 6 3
Origin of Government is with the people Ill
P
Papers secure from search and seizure except as provided 11 16
Pardon removes political disabilities of convict 2 2 1
Of Duelists removes political disabilities of Convict 2 4 2
Power in Governor must report to the Legislature 5 1 12
Passage of bills readings necessary 3 7 7
Of Bills majority of all members necessary 3 7 14
Passenger Tariffrestriction on 4 2 15
Paupers jurisdiction of Ordinary 6 6 2
Affidavit relieves from costs in Supreme Court 6
Tax tor support of 1 n
Paysee Compensation Salary
Peace soldiers not to be quartered in house in time of 1 1 11
Governor is conservator of 5 1 12
Penitentiary crimes punishable in to be tried in Superior Court 6 4 1
Per diem of members of the Legislature 3 9 l
Perquisites not allowed officers Executive Department 5 2 7
Not allowed AttorneyGeneral 613 1
From use of pub ic funds by officers punishable 7 9 1
Persons and property to be protected by Government 1 1 2
Not to be molested xor religious opinions 1 1 13
Rights not to be affected but by due process of law 113 May prosecute or defend in person or hy attorney 114
Charged with offenses rights of 1 l 5
Life or liberty not to be jeopardized but once for
same crime 118
Houses and papers secure from illegal search 1 i 16
Personalty amount of exemption of from levy and sale 9 11
Petitions and remonstrance right of guaranteed 1 1 24
Pleas under oath in certain cases required 6 4 7
Police of the State right of people to regulate 1 5 1
Power not abridged in favor of corporations 4 2 2
Policyholders in Life Insurance Companies protected 3 12 13
Poll tax not to exceed one dollar 7 2 3
Goes to educational purposes 8 3 1
196
A S
ructice in courts of same grade to be uniform 6 9 1
Precincts for electionsbow changed3 7 18 President of Senate elected by Senate viva voce 3 5 2
Must sign acts 3 7 15
Per diemy 5 5 1
Presides in joint session 3 10 1
Acts as Governorwhen 5 1 8
Press liberty of not to be curtailed 1 1 15
Printing public to be let to lowest bidder 7 17 1
Prisoners not to be abused 1 1 9
Tax for support of by countiesIv 1 6 2
Private ways to be allowed only on compensation paid 1 3 I
Acts authority of 12 1 4
Eights accrued by law authority of 12 15
Privileges special hot iio be irrevocably granted 1 3 2
Special not be revoked so as to do injustice 1 5 3
Probate jurisdiction in Ordinary 6 6 1
Proceedings of Legislature to be kept in journals 3 7 4
Of courts of same grade to be uniform 6 9 1
Process of law necessary to affect persons in their rights 1 1 3
Proclamation of Governor calling extra session 5 1 13
Of Governor on ratification of Constitution 13 2 2
Prohibition writs of issued by Judge of Superior Court 6 4 5
Prolongation of Legislative session by twothirds vote 3 4 6
Resolutions not submitted to Governor 3 723
Promissory notes suits on where tried 6 16 5
Property of person not to be molested for religious
opinions 1 1 1
Protection to shall be impartial and complete 1 12
Not taken for public use without compensation 1 3 1
Concealed by debtor to be reached by law 1 2 6
Of wife not subject to husbands debts 3 11 1
List of eketapt from tax 7 2 2
Amount of exempt from levy and sale 9 1 1
Protection to persoh and property paramount duty of 1
Government A 1
Prosecution rights of defendants in cases of 11 5
Provision waiver of exemption of restricted 9 3 1
Public Funds embezzlement of disfranchises 2 2 1
Officer not to receive profit from use of 7 9 1
Treasurer hotto receive profit from use of 5 2 5
See Money i i
Public use of private property without compensatipn
prohibited V j L Buildings jurisdiction of Ordinary 6 6 2

197
PublicContinued
1 JV s e
Buildings tax by county lor authorized 7 6 2
Debt and institutions tax for7 1 1
Property charitable institutions and libraries exempt from taxvi 7 2 2
Printing let to lowest bidder 7 17 1
Printing officers of Govornment not to be interested in 7 17 1
School systemsee Education 8 1 1
Publication of ones sentiments right of not to be cur
tailed vv 1 1 15
Journal of General Assembly 3 7 4
Receipts and disbursements of Treasury 3 7 11
Intention to introduce Local Bills 3 7 15
Reports of Secretary of State Comptroller and
Treasurer 7 15 1
Proposedamendment to Constitution 13 1 1
Punishment for crime by whipping or banishment prohibited 1
For contempt by Courts limited 11 20
Not to be cruel or unusual 11 9
Purchase of State Bonds with sinking fund 7 14 1
Money homestead liable for 9 2 1
Purchaser of old homestead how affected981
a
Qualification for Governor 5 1 7
For Senator 2 5 1
For Representative 3 6 1
Each House to judge of as to its own members 3 7 1
Of Secretary of State Comptroller and Treasurer 5 2 6
Judges Supreme and Superior Courts Solicitor and
AttorneyGeneral 6 14 1
County officers 11 2 1
Quarantine tax by county for expenses of 7 6 2
Quorum of each branch of Legislature is a majority 3 4 4
Of Supreme Courtv6 2 1
H
Railroad may be incorporated by Legislature S 7 18
Freights and Tariff subject to legislation 4 2 1
May build branch roads free from conditions of 4 2 3
Shall not deceive public as to rates42 5
1 See Corporations
Railway Street not to ruU in City without its consent 3 7 20
198
A S t
Rates of freight and passage subject to legislation 4 2 1
Public not to be deceived as to amount charged 4 2 5
Realty Homestead of 9 1 3
Rebate of rates charged by Railroad not allowed 4 2 5
Recognizance when Legislature may relieve from forfeiture of 3 7 39
Reelection Governor not eligible for four years after
two terms 5 12
Registration of Electors may be required by law 2 2 1
Rejection of nomination by Senate effect of 5 1 15
Of bill by Legislature effect of 3 7 33
Religious opinion civil and political rights not affected
by i i 33
Denomination not to receive money from State 1 1 14
Worship places of may be exempt from tax 7 2 2
Remittance of sentence in power of Governor 5 1 32
Of forfeited Charter only on conditions 4 2 3
Remonstrance and petition right of guaranteed 1 1 24
Removal of legislator from district vacates his seat 3 4 8
Of disabilities in power of Governor 5 1 12
Of Secretary of State Comptroller and Treasurer 5 1 18
Of Justice of the Peace for malpractice 673
Of County Officers 11 2 1
From office effect of Impeachment 3 5 5
xtepealing law form of 3 7 17
Reports of Insurance Companies to the Governor 3 12 5
Of Treasurer and Comptroller to the Governor 7 15 1
Representatives election and term of 3 4 12
Qualification of 3 6 1
House of part of General Assembly 3 11
Number and Apportionment of members of 3 3 1
Apportionment how changed 3 3 2
Representatives House of Speaker of how elected 3 6 2
Clerk of compensation and bond of 3 8 1
Impeaching power vested in 3 0 3
Local and Special bills must originate in 3 7 15
Appropriation and Revenue bills must originate in 3 7 30
Journal ofsee Journal
Representation of Constitutional Convention apportionment of 13 1 2
Reprieve in power of Governor 5 1 12
Residence requisite to vote 212
Resignation of Governor who acts in case of 5 1 8
Resolutions of Appropriation must be passed by yeas and nays
3 7 12
199
ResolutionsContinued
A 8 V
Requiring Governors approval a 5 1 17
Requiring a twothirds vote yeas and nays must be
recorded 21
Having effect of law result of rejectionu 3 7 13
Retroactive legislation prohibited 1 3 2
Returns of election of Legislators each House to judge
for itself 3 7 1
To whom made 2 6 1
Of Governor how made 5 1 4
Of Governor how published 5 1 5
Of Secretary of State Comptroller and Treasurer 5 2 1
On Ratification of Constitution 13 2 2
Revenue bills must originate in H use of Representatives 37 10
Deficiencies of in State supplied by loans 7 3 1
Deficiencies of in County or City 7 7 1
And roads County Commissioners for 11 3 1
Rights not enumerated are not denied 1 5 2
Roads jurisdiction in Ordinary 6 6 1
Tax for keeping up by County 7 6 2
And revenue County Commissioners for 11 3 1
S
Sailor in TJ S Service not entitled to vote because not
stationed here 2 1 2
Salary of Governor 5 1 2
Of Treasurer Secretary of State and Comptroller 5 2 234 Of Judges of Supreme and Superior Courts Attorney and SolicitorsGeneral 6 13 1
Of Judges of Supreme and Superior Courts how
changed 6 13 2
Of State School Commissioner 8 2 1
Sale of States property proceeds to go to public debt 7 13 1
Exemptions from 9 11
Of homesteads how affected 9 3 1
Of old homesteads how affected 9 8 1
Of old homestead heretofore made ratified 9 8 1
Savannah errors of City Court of corrected in Supreme
Court 6 2 5
Scire Facias writ of issued by Judge SuperiorCourt 6 4 b
Schools Public how established by city or county 8 4 1
Public existing local system not affected 8 5 1
Not public may share school fund when 8 5 1
See Education
Seal Great use and design of 5 3 1
Search of persons houses and papers warrant for 1 1 16
8econds in Duel on conviction disqualified for office 2 4 2
200
Secretary of State returns of election to be made to 2 1 p
Officer of Executive Departmentvv ui r 5 1
Election of L hrftv 2 i
Salary and Clerk hire of 5 2 3
Eligibility and Bond of i5 2 6
Perquisites to forbidden 5 2 7
Is keeper of Great Seal 1 5 3 3
Senate compensation and bond of 3 8 1
Governor compensation of j 5 I 19
Securities on forfeited recognizances when relieved 3 7 19
Seizure of persons and papers provisions against 11 16
Seminaries of learning may be exempt from tax 7 2 2
Senate is a branch of General Assembly 3 1 1
Consists of 44 members 3 2 4
May propose amendments to appropriation and revenue bills3 7 10
Impeachments to be tried before 3 5 3
Senate nomination rejected by effect bf 5 1 15
President and Secretary ofSee President and Secretary
Senatorial Districts number composition andchange of 3 2 123
Senators number not to be increased 3 2 3
Election and term of 3 4 12
Qualification of 3 5 j
Sentence commuted or remitted bv Governor 5 1 12
Servitude involuntary except as punishment for crime
prohibited 1 1 17
Sessions of General AssemblySee General Assembly
Of Supreme Court 6 2 5
Of Superior Court 6 4 8
Of Justices Court1 7 6 7 2
Setting aside homestead laws to be 1 v d for 9 4 1
Shares in one corporation not to be bo g 0 by another to
monopolizev 4 2 4
Shows special tax on goes to educational purposes 8 3 1
Sinking fund provided fori 7 14 1
Site of county how changedIl l A
Slavery forbidden Vl 1 17
Social status of citizens not sqhjeotofVpgisiatTphvM 1 18
Soldiers not to be quartered in private houses except
i When 1 1 1 19
j Of U S not to vote on account of being stationed
hereV 2 1 2
Artificial limbs for maimed Confederates 7 1 1
201
A 8 P
SolicitorGeneral term of office and duties of 5 6 11
Election by the Legislature6 12 1
Salary of 6 13 1
Qualification ofi 6 14 1
Speaker of House of Representatives how elected 3 B 2
Must sign ActsJs3 7 13
Per diem oii 3 9 1
Acts as Governor when 5 1 8
Special law not to be enacted when provision is made
by general law 1 4 1
Changing general law in particular cases how passed 14 1
For benefit of corporation conditional 4 2 3
Election of Governor 5 19
See Local
Speech Liberty of not tobe curtailed vv h 1 15
State aid to corporations or persons in any manner
prohibited 7 5 1
State aid by donation prohibited 7 16 1
To religious donation prohibited 1 1 14
Printer office abolished 7 17 1
State School Commissionerelection and terih 8 2 1
Statement of Treasurer to be pblished 3 7 11
Stockholder in corporation State county or city not to
be I J 4 7 56 1
Street railroad not to run in city without consent of authorities 3 7 20
Suits may be brought by or againstcounties 11 1 1
Against State to test void or Confederate bonds prohibited i 7 11 1
See Venue
Superior Court is part of Judiciary 6 1 1
Jurisdiction of exclusive 6 4 1
Jurisdiction of general and appellate 6 4 34
Jurisdiction of to issueextra writs 6 4 5
Appeal and new trials in 6 4 6
Appeal from Ordinary to 6 6 1
Appeal from Justices to 6 7 2
Sessions of 6 4 8
Judge one for each circuit and term of 6 3 1
Election of 6 12 1
Salary and qualification of 6 1314 1
May change venue when 6 17 1
May preside in Supreme Court when 6 2 2
May preside in City Court when 6 5 1
Appoints Notary Public ex officio Justice of the Peace 6 8 1
Sanctions sale of Homesteads 9 38 1
Supplemental Homestead laws to be provided for 9 5 1
202
A S I
Supreme Court part of Judiciary 6 1 1
Constitution of 6 2 1
Jurisdiction sessions and practice 6 2 5 67
Cost in and paupersaffidavit 6 21 1
Judges election and term 6 2 4
Judges election and vacancies how filled 6 12 1
Salary and qualification of 6 13 14 1
When disqualified in parricular case 6 2 2
Suspension from office of Secretary of State Comptroller and Treasurer 5 1 18
T
Tax to be paid before voting 2 12
Defaulters ineligible to Legislature 3 4 7
By county Ordinarys jurisdiction 6 6 2
By county or city to meet bonded indebtedness 7 7 2
By county or city for school purposes 8 4 1
By county limited to certain purposes 7 6 2
May be imposed by Legislature for what purpose 7 11
Must be uniform ad valorem and by general law 7 2 1
On domestic animals of vicious nature 7 2 1
Exemptions from other exemptions void 7 2 24
Poll for educational purposes 7 2 3
Special for educational purposes 8 3 1
States power tpimpose not to be restrained 4 11
Of corporations not to be surrendered 725
To raise a Sinking Fund 7 14 1
Lien good against Homestead 9 2 1
Act authority of 12 1 3
Act must originate in the House 3 7 10
Telegraph Companies may be incorporated by Legislature 3 7 18
Terms of office of Governor 5 12
Secretary of State Comptroller and Treasurer 5 2 1
Judge Of Supreme Court 6 2 4
Judge of Superior Court 6 3 13
Justice of the Peace 6 7 1
Ordinary 6 6 3
Attorney and SolicitorGeneral 6 1011 1
State School Commissioner 8 2 1
County officers 11 2 1
Members of General Assembly 3 41
Testimony criminating himself witness not obliged to
give t 6
Title law must not contain matter different from 3 7 8
To land cases involving where brought 6 16 2
203
Title Continued
A s P
To land cases involving jurisdiction in Superior
Court 6 4 1
Treason what is and how convicted of 1 2 2
Conviction of disfranchises 2 2 1
Pardon respite or commutation for 5 1 12
Treasurer election and term of office 5 2 1
Examination by Governor 5 1 18
Officer of Executive Department 5 1 1
Removal of 5 1 18
Salary and Clerks hire of 5 2 2
Perquisites not allowed 5 2 7
Fee other than salary not allowed to 5 2 5
Bond and qualification of 5 2 6
To receive deposits from Fire Insurance Companies 3 12 4
To make quarterly reports to Governor 7 15 1
And Governor authorized to loan Sinking Fund 7 14 1
Draw money from Treasury in what manner 3 7 11
Treaty force and authority of 12 1 1
Trial a speedy and impartial one is the right of defendant 1 15
By jury remains inviolate 6 18 1
Tribunals in the various counties to be uniform 11 3 1
Trustees of the people public officers are Ill
The University of Georgia may accept donations etc 8 6 1
Families of minor children entitled to Homestead 9 11
TJ
Unexpired term of Governor special elections 5 19
Judges of Supreme Court 6 2 4
Judges Supreme and Superior Courts Attorney and
SolicitorsGeneral 6 12 1
Uniformity required in operation of general laws 14 1
In county officers and tribunals 11 3 1
In courts of same grade 6 9 1
In taxation 7 2 1
University oi Georgia appropriation to 8 61
United States Constitution acts in violation of void14 2
Treaties and laws authority of 12 1 1
Soldiers not entitled to vote for being stationed here 2 12
V
Vacancy in office of Governor 5 18
Judge of Supreme Court 6 2 4
Judge of Superior Court 632
Judge Supreme and Superior Courts and Solicitor
General 6 12 1
204
V acaneyContinued
I A 8 F
Members General Assembly5 1 13
Governor may fill when not otherwise provided 5 114
Validity of bonds not to be tried by Judge who is inters
estedvvi 6 2 3
Declared void by Constitution not subject to suit 7 11 1
Valuation of Homestead laws to be provided for 9 4 1
Venue in cases of divorcei
Of land titles 6 16 2
Of Equity m 6 16 3
Against joint obligors acceptors indorsers etc 6 16 45
Civil and criminal generally 6 16 6
Civil and criminal changed how6 17 1
Verdicts judgments without when 6 4 t
First and second in divorce cases6 15 1
Veto of Governor overruled by twothirds vote 3 7 23
Viva wee voting by General Assembly 3 10 1
Void bonds of State not to be paid 7 11 1
Volunteer companies organization of 10 1 2
Not paid unless called out by State 10 tl i 3
Vote by the people shallbe byballot 2 11
Who is entitled toOath of voter 21 2
Who not entitled toMit v 2 2 1
By General Assembly to be viva voce 3 10 1
i Of twothirds being required yeas and nays must be
recorded 3 7 21
Of twothirds being required does not do away with
Governors approval r 3 7 23
Of twothirds overrides Governors veto 3 7 23
Of General Assembly having effect of law submitted
to Governor 5 11
Of General Assembly in elections must appear in
House Journalt jj S 10 1
W
Waiver Of Homestead
Of old exemption V 9 f
War bondeddebt may be increased for purposes of 7 12 1
Debt of countyor city for may be assumed by State 7 8 1
Debt may be contracted to defend State in time of 7 3 1
Quartering soldiers in house in time of 1 1 19
Tax to defend State in time of 7 1
Warrant for searchhow obtained1 1
Ways private may be granted after compensation paid 1 3 1
Wearing apparel waiver of exemption on limited 9 3 1
Western Atlantic R B if sold proceeds how applied 7 13 1
205
A S P
Whipping as punishment for crime prohibited 117
White and colored public schools to be separate 8 1 1
Widows pensions provided for 7 1 1
Wifes property is her separate estate after marriage 3 11 1
Wild Land Clerk compensation of 5 2 4
Witnesses in criminal cases rights of defendants as to 1 15
Not compelled to criminate themselves 11 6
Two necessary to convict of treason 12 2
Worship of God may be according to conscience 1 1 12
Place of may be exempt from tax 7 2 2
Y
Ybas and Nays to be Recorded in Journal
At request of onefifth 3 7 6
On appropriation bills and resolutions 3 7 12
When twothirds vote is required 3 7 21
On amendments to Constitution 13 1 1
St A UM13 Si MU
1050o

RECEIVED JAN 6 93